\ \ . Sn . AK ‘ s AAS SAAS AAAS » . . \ ‘ \ WO OAS NAN . ‘ WANA AN . ‘ \, . AS ‘ . Soe . \ Ae x was . ANN . CAA . . iN . AN ‘ . wat *. ‘ . - » . » ‘ ok : . al : “ J we \ . ‘ . ‘ he * Me we KA " . * %. .. ‘ ‘ . . . . ‘ . 8 \ ‘ ON * * MN AAAS ‘ . . . . . * ~\t. . ‘ e . \ MJ * < ‘ ‘ ‘ o. ~ ‘ ‘ ‘ . es ' ’ . n ‘ . . ,, , . ‘ . * . . . Py ‘ : . \ y t . * ‘ . . . . , . . 5 Ps - + . . . \ . ‘ \’ + - + . ' = > ‘ . 4 ak » ' . . * - ‘ * x . , . ‘. ¢ ’ ‘ . * ? Si . Si ‘ . ? . . ‘ . * VERDC UNE eee RT CR QE ES URED er eee ere lw ULE Ee LON NCEE CANO TTT TERS CERT O Key ne - AEE OU ROE RTE CUT CEU GO ETN OTS Ce OEE ye PETER N LET RET THOUS Seamer eee ’ ore ve é wwa . shu is wl ‘, a ei 4 a stud) ioe ft Norn) SP ARO AR | ‘Ap Ce reine enesiis " eee “— baehadty a or wh bey ssp aR TY, Yer sata ¥ Ae ARMS 06 Ging) , sata dey + ahi | poe CR We Ss Cae ho. Ae He | pays aa ‘eters ) ¢ Theo yin + 0 a i bien “addi Vaart ay RR be ee me “RY iu yy ahead “ use ae ieee can) DE iq. ar ae re shove Xa, J er 1 ee ny ae tf odin y a ys i ihend ‘hh tyes rh i eR RE i! ORR 8. ape ity Th ides My it Ob SOO a RTA SS" om RTS a Me!) NBT Pk ey cy oe rn any te ty e and) comer Oe CT Be : iit ; Pare OF ae ee 4) af th apa » % Yee Ty Fe 54m wring i - ae vais ine) if es ite eh a at WVA Vio aia tay 9 i . | Fee ge ; ee ides th seuacanaa PARAL wth Ki yi met No } | VY ng Enhaenbcon T Ay prerdeurs id. darks wettd ut sh ate vt mms a Sesmanebin’ ‘totais, P hh al le, a sect | HY ot oi cys + (ts an Hraritieh dik aie i Gomes aaa Ema chu mn Ae ” ‘te Sha) bfodiwe si’ r bi 4% Pertiey: 1] BYOWed, \ in wate LIST OF PLATES. Pruate I.—WiInG SCALES. (i) Feltinella pallidopaly. ¢@. Un. sp. (ii) Myzorhynchella ngra. ¢. nN. Sp. (iii) Quasistegomyia unilineata. @. Theob. (iv) Howardina aurites. 9. Mm. sp. (v) Howardina chrysolineata. @. Mn. sp. (vi) Pnewmaculex signifer. 2. Coq. Pratt II.—WinG SCALsEs. (i) Carrollia irridescens. ¢. Lutz. (ii) Pecomyia caeca. ¢. Theob. (iii) and (iv) Pecomyia maculosa. ?. un. sp. Two areas of wing field. (v) Protomacleaya triseriata. @. Say. (vi) Gnophodeomyia inornata. ¢. Theob. Prate IITI.—WinG SCALsEs. (i) Culiciomyia freetownensis. ¢. Theob. (ii) Culiciomyia annulata. @?. un. sp. (iii) Culicada abserrata. ¢@. Felt. (iv) Culicada aurifer. 9. Coq. (v) Culicada abfitchi. 9. Felt. (vi) Culicada fluviatilis, 2. Lutz. PruatE ITV.—WING SCALES. (i) Culicada fitchu. @. Felt. (ii) Grabhamia pulcritarsis. ¢. Rond. (iii) Grabhamia subtilis. 9. Sergent. (iv) Lepidoplatys squamiger. ¢@. Cog. (v) Taentorhynchus walsinghami. ¢. Nn. sp. (vi) Taeniorhynchus tenax. ¢. Theob. PLatE V.—WING SCALES. (i) Trichopronomyia microannulata. @. Nn. sp. (ii) Bancrofiia albicosta. $. Lutz. (iii) Culiseta absobrina, 9. Felt. (iv) Melanoconion melanurus. ¢. Coq. (v) Melanocomion annulipes. 2. Theob. (vi) Culex vishnur. ¢. Theob. VOL. IV. | h XViil List of Plates. Prate VI.—WInNG SCALES. (i) Oculeomyia sarawakvi. @. MN. sp. (ii) Pseudoheptaphlebomyia montforti. ¢. Vent. (iii) Psewdowranotaenia rowlandi. 92. Theob. (iv) Aedes nigrescens. 9. NU. Sp. (v) Ficalbia nigripes. 9. N. Sp. (vi) Gualteria oswaldi. ¢@. Lutz. Prate VII.—WING SCALEs. (i) Philodendromyia barkeri. 92. nN. Sp. (ii) Dendromyia smith. @. Coq. (iii) Dendromyia oblita. 9@. Lutz. (iv) Dendromyia personata. ¢§. Lutz (further enlarged). (v) Anisocheleomyia alboannulata. ¢. Theob. (vi) Skusea mediofasciata. ?. Theob. PruateE VIII—WI1nG SCALEs. (i) Phoniomyia quasilongirostris. 2. wD. sp. (ii) Runchomyia frontosa. &. Theob. (iii) Sabethinus intermedius. §. ‘Lutz. 7 ; (iv) Sabethinus intermedius. ¢. Lutz. ' (v) Sabethinus albiprivatus. @. Lutz. (vi) Sabethoides purpureus. 9. Nn. Sp. PruatTe IX.—MALe GENITALIA. (i) Lewcomyia gelida. Theob. ; (ii) Skusea mediofasciata. Theob. (iii) Dendromyia personata, Lutz. Prate X.—Mare GerniraLia. (i) Anopheles bifurcatus. Linn. (ii) Dendromyia serrata. Lutz. (iii) Acartomyia zammittii. Theob. (iv) Grabhamia mariae. Serg. (v) Pecomyia maculosa. n. sp. Pirate XI.—Maune GENITALIA. (i) Culex cylindricus. Theob. (ii) Z'richoprosopon compressum. Lutz. (iii) Acartomyia zammittii. Theob. (iv) Culex hirsutipalpis. Theob. Prate XIl.—Mare Geniraia. (i) Of Culex cylindricus. Theob. (abnormal). (ii) Of Culicada morsitans. Theob. Piare XIII.—-Larvar SrpHons. (i) Culex crinifer. Lutz. (ii) Carrollia irridescens. Lutz. (iii) Megarhinus solstitialis. Lutz. List of Plates. X1Xx PratE XIV.—HEApDs OF LARVAE. (i) Desvoidya ventralis. Walker. (ii) Culex crinifer. Theob. (iii) Wyeomyia (?) leucostigma. Lutz. PrateE XV.—LARVAL CHARACTERS. (i) Comb scales of Culex wmpiger. Walker. (ii) Labial plate of Culicada fitch. Felt. (iii) Labial plate of Culex pipiens. Linnaeus. (iv) Siphon of Culex impiger. Walker. (v) Labial plate of Culex wmpiger. Walker (after Felt). PratE XVI.—LarRvaL CHARACTERS. (i) Of Culex fatigans. Wiedemann. (ii) Of Deinocerites cancer. Theobald. = ith As rg ee a . pereivr ae a ase | ” praia gets. OT? Seer gel Det ew ant iG Cheon a HL ne ae. 9 i ' = re ' v6 w* 73 e . ‘ ts PARa p He Fx act} ip ' -, troy) ears " 7 i ry Li Sie yo oh ae ; m . Poy fs = ae os » , es MSc A ee . b- ; ‘ y 2 o Wis Pier ty he »* ‘ OCs uraet » ‘- AACE a . eh wd ign ve", * 7% § roe ja Py bs . rig Py 4 iP | eC ys pr , A. ae os e618 aera e ‘tel AGGrl sees turers! ap ete: "ra Bee 2} Ne »eaTy tt Penns bine bes hm hes . i wy hh ee | S| oa vf i git § Pir | ' ’ . ° ‘4? phere sep 24000 & A li) «404 44 nbied OC rey | we «a ae ‘ ae ‘ware \ewiMtaee (02 geet or ) qa ‘) SP Ht nance Ws seb 4) ks | ‘y enyaresl@ ~4 i4 hey ay) hat. } ye * 5 e\ 4 a, Fer Tt Diler Gh i tee) = Laity th CH) O\Viedatilig weighiewee, Toute. Ves eenies ree cbetagiia. | ty - a i Jy Wf ol : i alan Les A ‘ = Fi ‘a @ ASoime A MONOGRAPH OF THE CULICIDAE OF THE WORLD. ERRATA ET ADDENDA. Page 34, line 31, for Peyton read Patton. Page 42, delete the species elegans, and vide p. 77. Page 42, line 34, for 3 yellow costal spots read 4. Page 59, line 28, for gracilis read fragilis. Page 74, Myzomyia rossii, Giles. This species has been found on recent microscopic examination to belong to a distinct genus from Myzomyia, owing to the peculiar squamose characters of the thorax. The genus is beg described by Mr. Rothwell as Pseudomyzomyia. Plate XIII., for Culex crinifer, Lutz, read Culex (?) erinifer, Theobald. As a test he “cleared certain areas near the banks of all Lemna and enclosed them with light floating structures, which were fixed enough to resist the winds—in fact made experimental pools. I was pleased,” he says, “to find in due time plenty of Anopheles larvae in these pools. This seemed to prove that Lemna acts as a mechanical obstruction to the process of egg- laying, and a very obvious method of prevention occurred to me. Why not deliberately promote the growth of Lemna minor in all unavoidable collections of water to prevent the propagation of mosquitoes ?” This same green plant grows freely in England, and I have noticed a similar occurrence here. A pond close to my house VOL. IV. B 2 A Monograph of Culicidae. was frequented by numbers of the larvae of Anopheles bifurcatus and A. maculipennis every year. Two years ago its surface became smothered with Lemna minor, Linn., and Lemna arrhiza, Linn., no Anopheline larvae could then be found. As this was the only breeding ground near, both species have practically died out. This small yet widely distributed genus of floating plants evidently has a very marked effect upon the frequence of Culicid larvae in natural and artificial collections of water. The little Lemna arrhiza, or the Rootless Duckweed, occurs in Asia, Africa, South America and Europe, and opparcnne has the same effect as the larger L. minor. THE ‘‘ LOBSTER-CLAW ” PLANT (HELICONIA BRASI- LIENSIS) AS A BREEDING PLACE OF MOSQUITOES. Mr. E. E. Green states that the flowers of this plant ‘‘are constructed so as to contain a considerable quantity of water, probably derived from rain. I have recently collected about half a pint of this liquid and find it to be swarming with the larvae of two species of mosquito—Stegomyia scutellaris and Desvoidea obturbans. This habit renders this plant an unfortunate neighbour. If it must be grown, it should be relegated to the more distant parts of the shrubbery and not cultivated in close proximity to the bungalow ” (“ Tropi. Agriculturist,” N.S. xxv. 2, p. 297, 1905). BROMELIAS AND BAMBOOS AS BREEDING PLACES OF MOSQUITOES. Dr. A. Lutz in a valuable paper (Waldmosquitos und Wald- malaria, Centralbl. f. Bakt, etc., I., Abt. Originale, Bd, XX XTIL., No, 4, pp. 282 to 292, 1903) points out how various Culicids may breed in the water collections of Bromelias, and figures such as Aechnea tinctoria, Mez.; Nidularium ampullaceum, E. Morr ; Eriocaulon vaginatum, Keke. ; and Freycinetia arnotti, Gaud, as examples, also a Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes gracilis). Breeding in such places he mentions Myzomyia lutzii, Trichoprosopon nivipes, and others. Dr. Leicester, working in Malaya, finds that particular species not only live in their larval stage in the small collections of water that collect in cut bamboos, but that they enter the holes Mosquitoes and Disease. 3 formed in bamboos by boring insects where water collects, and live in these small dark cavities. Again, the Dendromyia smithii, Coquillett, is found in North America to live in the water of Pitcher plants, the eggs being laid in the undeveloped leaves. The larvae may be frozen up in the waters collected in the “ pitchers” and yet develop. SPECIES OF MOSQUITOES THAT ARE PROVED OR PROBABLE DISEASE CARRIERS. The diseases carried by Culicidae are now known to be malaria, yellow fever, filariasis, and dengue. At present only particular species are known to carry these diseases, but that we are only on the threshold of this subject we may gather from the fact that Myzomyia rossi is said not to be an active distributor in India, while Mr. Ernest Green says he is almost sure it is accountable for some of the outbreaks in Ceylon. At present the following Anophelines are known to be agents of infection: Anopheles maculipennis, Meigen; Anopheles bifur- catus, Linnaeus ; Myzomyia listoni, Liston ; Myzomyia culicifacies, Giles ; Myzomyia funesta, Giles; Myzomyia superpicta, Grassi ; Myzorhynchus paludis, Theobald ; Myzorhynchus barbirostris, Van der Wulp; Myzorhynchus pseudopictus, Grassi; -Pyretophorus costalis, Loew ; Nyssorhynchus luizi, Theobald ; Cellia argyrotarsis, Robineau-Desvoidy ; Cellia albimanus, Wiedemann ; Myzorhynchus sinensis, Wiedemann; Myzorhynchus coustani, Laveran ; Nysso- rhynchus theobaldi, Giles. It has been also proved that the malarial parasites can develop in Myzomyia turkhudi, Liston. It can probably be carried by Pyretophorus ardensis, Theobald, and Pyretophorus pitchfordi, Power. The species which are doubtful are A. martini, A. pursati, A. vincenti of Laveran. Whatever they are, malarial parasites develop within them. Yellow fever is solely carried by Stegomyia fasciata, Fabricius. Filariasis by Culex fatigans, Wiedemann; Pyretophorus costalis, Loew: Myzomyia rossii, Giles ; Myzorhynchus nigerrimus, Giles; Myzorhynchus minutus, Theobald ; Mansonia uniformis, Theobald ; M. pseudotitillans, Theobald ; and Cellia albimanus, Wiedemann. The larval filariae can live for a time at any rate in the B 2 4A ‘A Monograph of Culicidae. following: Anopheles annulipes, Culex nigrithoraw, C. procam, C. vigilax, C. annulirostris, Mucidus alternans, and Scutomyia notoscripta. The parasite may also occur, but does not seem to reach maturity in Stegomyia scutellaris and S. fasciata, in Culex micro- annulatus, Anopheles maculipennis and Myzomyia funesta. Dengue it seems may be transmitted by Culex fatigans (Graham, H., Mosquitoes and dengue, Med. Record, LXI., pp. 204-207, 1902). HERMAPHRODITISM IN CULICIDAE. Two cases of hermaphroditism have been observed in Mosquitoes, both are recorded by Professor E. P. Felt. The species he and Young named Culex abserratus was described from a single bred specimen, which was bi-sexual. The right side being male, with the cephalic appendages largely female, while those of the posterior extremity are largely male. The male antenna is plumose, the female has elongate segments sparsely clothed with long hairs. The male palp well developed with conspicwous hair-tuft. The female palp was also normal. The sexual appendages were fully formed on the male side, but. on the other poorly developed and distorted. Ungues on the front tarsion the male side unequal, all the others and those of the female side equal. It was bred from a larva (vide Mosquitoes or Culicidae of New York State, Bull. 79, Ent. 22, Div. Ent. N.Y. State Museum, 1904). The other known form is the Culicada pullatus, Coquillett, in which the right antenna is male, the left, female with male tendencies shown in the enormous prolongation of the basal whorls of each segment. Both palpi are male. The right wing has also male characters, the left female. The fore and mid legs of the right side, and the fore leg of the left side are male. The posterior abdominal segments are clearly female. I believe these are the only cases of hermaphroditism known. in this family. AT ES py BE EI EN BIE AE RE a et Larval Characters. LARVAL CHARACTERS. A great deal has been done in America on Culicid larvae since the issue of the last volume. A large number of forms are now definitely known. The chief work has been done by Professor Felt, Professor C. B. Smith and Dr. Dyar. Dr. Grabham has also worked out a number of Jamaican forms; Professor Goeldi, some in South America, and a few are described from other regions in this volume. Dr. Dyar and Mr. F. Knab in the paper referred to on p. 13 have described a number of forms, but as in most cases the adults are not known at present, the descriptions lose their value. It Fig. 1. Diagram of larva. A, Antenna; a;, lateral tuft; a2, apical spines; B, thorax; C, abdominal segments ; D, siphon: E, pecten of siphon; E,, pecten scales; H, anal gills; G, comb of 8th segment; G,;, comb scale; H, eyes; I, 8th segment; J and Jj, labial plate; F, siphon tuft. is hoped by degrees they may be traced to the adults so that the correct names may be known. The characters used for identifying the larvae of Anophelinae made most use of, are (i) the frontal hairs of the head; (ii) the structure of the antennae ; and (iii) the structure of the palmate hairs. These have been referred to in the previous volumes, and need not be further considered here. In the Culicinae the chief characters of diagnostic value are, (i) the form of the clypeus (Fig. J1); (ii) the structure of the antennae (A and al); (iii) the form of the siphon (D); and (iv) the number and structure of the spines forming the pecten on the siphon (EK) and on the so-called comb at its base (G and Gl). 6 A Monograph of Culicidae. The general shape of the head and the cephalic setae and hairs on the body are also of use in identifying species. The most prominent structure is the siphon, the characters being the general form and size, presence or absence of setae, including the peculiar pecten at the base of the air tube. The comb consists of a patch of spines, and forms a lateral organ on the eighth segment, just_ below the air tube. The spines form a more or less triangular area, and vary from 5 to 100; it must be noticed that the number varies in each species to some extent. In Anophelinae the comb is very different from the Culicinae, and is much more specialised. The following from Professor Felt’s “ Key for the Identifica- tion of Mosquito Larvae,” will serve to show the usefulness of these characters in identifying the various species.* a. Air-tube long, at least 4 times as long as the diameter of its base. b. Air-tube very long, slender, slightly con- stricted in the middle; antennae white IAL, Thy ve ees ree hgh es ets Rawitalen nantes ut Culex territans. bb. Air-tube very long, stout, tapering uni- formly. c. Comb scales 60, pecten teeth 3 to 4 NE Big ands osu go tab mak ipl Culex salinarius. cc. Comb scales 80, pecten apparently simple Cuwlicella dyari. ccc. Comb scales narrow, spine-like, about 20 in a row, resembling grating............ Culicella melanurus. bbb. Air-tube about 5 times the width of its base. c. Pecten pale, divided into 3 to 5 long, slender processes. d. Antennal tuft before the middle ............ Culex restuans. dd. Antennal tuft at outer third. e. Antennae not white banded; air-tube somewhat fusiform; terminal spines of comb scales fine ..............csccscsees Culex pipiens. ee. Antennae usually conspicuously white banded ; air-tube tapering. f. Air-tube not over four times as longas ~ wide, terminal spines of comb OE II ais 0c sh. chn > acts tan eine Culex tarsalis. ff. Air-tube over 4 times as long as wide, terminal spines of comb scales fine Culex secutor. cc, Pecten teeth pale, divided into two nearly PHOS PHOONERS fil 3.26. 00s s5dsvedehe Dewocerites cancer. * Bull, 97, Ent. 24. Div. Ent., New York State Museum, p. 445 (1905). Male Genitalia. 7 ecc. Pecten teeth almost black, about 20 in number, with small basal dentitions, comb scales about 25. d. Pecten rows continuous, the large apical spine of the comb scales being from 1 to 4 length of the entire structure... Culicada fitchii. dd. Pecten with several isolated apical teeth. e. Lateral hairs of first abdominal segment double, detached teeth of pecten well Speed 2... ALE deen ee Culicada abfitchi. ee. Lateral hairs of first abdominal segment single, apical pecten teeth only a little detached... .. ..c0=s- dd dakbadesot~ sey. Culicada vitiata. aa. Air-tube moderate in length, from about 2 to 4 times longer than its greatest diameter. b. Air-tube decidedly fusiform. c. Antennae long, anal segment long; comb consisting of 6 or 7 sub-equal spines... Janthinosoma musica. cc. Antennae moderate, apical portion black ; anal segment short, wider than long, with 4 pecten teeth on basal half of Ce ee ee a eee Grabhamia jamai- censis. aaa, Air-tube very short, not more than 14 to 2 times as long as broad. aaaa. No air-tube, or a very short one. d. Comb teeth of equal length .................. Anopheles barberi. dd. Comb teeth of two sizes, long and short. e. Comb teeth with large branches between WEIR PE kd Pee Nesta cse seme ane she coed Cellia albipes. ee. Comb teeth with only fine obscure pec- tinations. ‘ f. Secondary teeth of the comb less than . half as long as the primary ones... Anopheles crucians & A, maculipenms. ff. Secondary teeth of comb over half as long aS Primary ONES ..............006: Anopheles punctupen- ms, A. franciscanus. THE MALE GENITALIA. The prominence now given to the male genitalia makes it necessary to add a figure showing the different parts that are important to notice. Roughly the external male genitals consist of two “ claspers,” each of which has a large basal lobe (Fig. 2, bes.) and a variously shaped terminal clasp segment (tes.) which folds over like the blade of a knife. At the apex of this is found a more or 8 A Monograph of Culicidae. less developed spine,* which is thought by Professor Felt to be the rudiment of a ventral second segment analogous to the claspette (c) of the basal segment. The term claspette designates certain peculiar organs occurring on the ventral surface of the basal lobe, it may be represented by one or more spined tubercles or by a conspicuous basal spined lobe and a longer acute one near the apex of the basal segment. Fig 2. Diagram of ¢& genitalia. tes, Claspers ; h, harpes; hp, harpagones ; c, claspette ; bes, basal lobe ; sl, setiferous lobes (after Felt).- The terminal segment varies very much in different forms, some being most striking appendages (Dendromyia, Taeniorhynchus, etc.). Between the clasps lie the harpes (h), normally forming the next largest structures, they arise from or near the base of the claspers, they are placed ventrally and sub-median. They are very diverse in form and in some groups are of two segments each. They are either very small or absent in Aedeomyinae. * This may be absent in some species, double in others. New Methods of Classification. 9 The harpagones (hp) are a pair of small clasping organs lying above the harpes and within the base of the clasps. They are frequently strongly curved and terminated by a stout recurved hook. | The unci consist of a pair of processes on the ventral margin and may be easily seen in Culicinae, but seem to be absent in Anophelinae. In certain groups (as Chrysoconops) they are stout and provided with a peculiar series of chitinous teeth. The setaceous lobes (sl) are part of the rudimentary eighth segment. They are in the form of chitinous lobes with a series of stout, chitinous spines. NEW METHODS OF CLASSIFICATION. Two new methods of classification have recently been proposed, the characters taken being (i) the male genitalia and wing veins and (ii) the larvae. The former has been brought to notice especially by Felt,* the latter by Dyar and Knab,} and at the same time Dyar has formulated a grouping of genera by the genitalia. As characters the genitalia are undoubtedly of specific value, and according to Felt and from what is shown in this work they present marked generic characters, but to found genera on this one male character alone is scarcely wise. The majority of known mosquitoes are females only, and thus we should not be able to place many of our well-known species in any genus and might have to wait years before males could be obtained. The classification given by Felt is as below (only his new genera being referred to), and it will be noticed he gives in addition to the male genitalia the characters presented by certain parts of the venation, namely, the relative lengths of the petiole of the fork-cells and the cross-veins. These are unfortunately variable; in some species the variation is great, in others slight, but it is such that generic characters cannot be fixed by them, nor even specific characters in some cases. _“QULICELSA. n. gen.—Petiole of anterior fork-cell of female wing about one-half its length. Posterior cross-vein more than * Bull, 79, Ent. 22. New York State Museum (1904). Felt. + Journ., New York. Ent. Soc., xiv., 4 (1906). Dyar and Knab. 10 A Monograph of Culicidae. its own length from mid-cross vein. Linear scales well separated from the sub-triangular, appressed vein scales. Petiole of fork- cell in male about two-thirds its length. Terminal clasp segment of male genitalia swollen at base. Harpes with a peculiar retrose spine. Larva with short air tube, comb composed of numerous, spatulate, spined scales. Type taeniorhynchus, Wiede- mann ; species aurifer, Coq. “CuLicapa. n. gen.—Petiole of first fork-cell of female wing nearly equal in length to that of the cell. Posterior cross-vein about its own length from mid cross-vein. Long scales distinct or shading with the closely appressed, usually thick vein scales. Petiole of first fork-cell in male equal in length to that of the cell, posterior cross-vein about its own length from mid cross-vein. Terminal clasp segment of male genitalia well developed with long apical spine. Claspette usually represented by well defined, apical and basal lobes. Harpes well developed, usually long and varying in shape. Larva with good sized tube and variable comb scales. Type canadensis, Theo. ; species, cantans, Meig. ; sollicitans, Walk., ete. ‘‘ KocuLEX. n. gen.—Petiole of anterior fork-cell of female wing about one-half of its length. Posterior cross-vein more than its length from mid cross-vein. Lateral scales long, well separated from the closely appressed, broad vein scales, Terminal clasp segment of male genitalia with sub-apical spine. Claspette a rather conspicuous basal lobe. Harpes broad, with recurved, terminal spine ; harpagones terminated by three long, recurved spines. Larva with well developed air tube, comb scales with spatulate base and stout, terminal spine. Type sylvestris, Theo. ; species melanurus, Coq. “CULICELLA. n. gen.—Petiole of anterior fork-cell of female wing about two-thirds its length. Posterior cross-vein about its own length from mid cross-vein. Lateral vein scales well defined. Petiole of anterior fork-cell in male equal or longer than its cell, posterior cross-vein less than its own length from mid cross-vein, ‘Terminal clasp segment of male genitalia slender, slightly curved, with small apical spine. Claspette a large basal lobe with prominent chitinous spine. Larva with very long air tube and with a large comb consisting of linear ciliated scales. Type, dyari, Coq. New Methods of Classification. 11 “CuLISETA. n. gen.—Petiole of anterior fork-cell of female wing about one-half its length. Posterior cross-vein less than its own length from mid cross-vein. Scales very large, lateral ones slender, linear; vein scales closely appressed, frequently elongated. Male wing with petiole of first fork-cell one-half to two-thirds the length of the cell, and the posterior cross-vein about its own length from mid cross-vein. Basal clasp segment of male genitalia triangular, apical segment slender, nearly straight. Claspette represented by a conspicuous basal lobe with one or more large chitinous spines. Harpagones recurved, with several apicai teeth. Larvae with pecten prolonged into setae, and with stout, spined comb scales. Type, absobrinus, Felt ; species, magnipennis, Felt,* and probably incidens, Thom.t ‘* PROTOCULEX. n. gen.—Petiole of anterior fork-cell of female wing about one-half the length of the cell. Posterior cross-vein more than 1ts own length from mid cross-vein. The long lateral scales well separated from the appressed vein scales. Petiole of anterior fork-cell of male about equal in length to that of the cell. Terminal clasp segment of male genitalia slender, curved with stout apical spine. Claspette represented by a conspicuous basal spine-bearing lobe and a longer terminal one. MHarpes broadly dilated at base, slender apically ; harpagones with recurved apical spine. Larva with medium air tube, comb consisting of a few spine-like scales. Type, serratus, Theo.” Dr. Harrison G. Dyar’s grouping and formation of Genera by genitalia (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. vi. No. 1. 1905) is given below :— 1. Harpesand harpagones absent or greatly reduced ; clasp segment strong and longer than the basal MONTES. sonnns «> sh teaneaanrpnannanasseena cones oon bse Anopheles Harpes or harpagones developed; clasp segment usually shorter than the basal segment ......... 2 2. Terminal clasp without a terminal articulated spine, though often otherwise modified, PramGOd OF SPINOUS., cc ccs tect ceekes sso crteredsesseee 3 Terminal clasp with an articulated spine which is usually apical: clasp usually simple, seldom Or ee | oc ie RReaD 6 * This is a synonym of consobrinus, Desvoidy. + This is a typical Theobaldia. 12 A Monograph of Culierdae. 3. Clasp transparent, MeMbraNnous...........seeeeeceesees 4 Clasp. chitingua, 2olid ..... ...cpneceis0-«+ ppecenaadnaneinl 5 4, Clasp inflated, lobed, irregular, apparently erectile Wyeomyia Clasp broad, simple, with minute apical spine ... Uranotaenia 5. Clasp enlarged, clawed, hirsute on outer aspect... Deinocerites Clasp slender, bifurcate, arising sub-apically ...... Aedes 6. Harpes filamentous, or papillose, slender, delicate 7 Harpes non-filamentous, chitinous or spined ...... 11 7. Harpes filamentous; unci reduced or invisible ... 8 Harpes papillose-capitate; unci an undivided Pasal ‘cone’ ee. ee ee Janthinosoma 8. Harpes broadened at the base, not jointed ; outer lobe of side-piece finger-shaped..................... Protoculex Harpes not broad at base, jointed centrally ...... 9 9, Side-piece with a heavy terminal brush; harpes TROOROR © seeds sos ceasee-sac¥e cosvncna es cee oegaes eee eee Pseudoculex. n. g. Side-pieces without terminal brush.................. 10 10. Harpes hooked by a slender retrose spine ......... Culiselsa Hempes not haaked ..iluccnsvulh we 5 ~ Sy ~ = = x 16 *eosnyg “BIQTVOLT “eI AULOOTOYDOSIU WY “‘BIUavOUBINOpHesg “eI AULOULL *BUI[[B119 A. "BIUOBIOUBL *snsosvulee AL *SsnqyvUury ‘anurbobnuan A “wmey-qng *Shurlyyoqeg “saployyeqeg *BIP[90H ‘el AULOOpoOYV *soyyoqeg “erAuoyoudyy ‘snuIpay “el AWOIpueg ‘sdouos0[ AHL *SOqLIODOUIOG, *BIAUIOOA AA. "elyoTqor ‘sopoy “eI AULOLUOUg ‘uodosoi1doyoriy, ‘apuipap “wey-qng ‘apurihuoipuag “wey-qne ‘anurdouos0jiT “urey-qng (‘soxes Y4Oq UI 410s Id[V@q) “AVA TV dOUOIPL “AVA TVdOURLAR “AVA TVdOUOIIL 2 7k Bao ae | (‘saTBOS JO BBYJORY YIIM UUNJouRJeT) “HV HOIULONVAIAYL (‘4USIeI148 sTosoqoig) HVHONAHYOHLUO ozo ‘erxum0heg "e[[91Y4OIOH *B.IYQOION *xAUO[QOOW (‘stosoqoid Suto1erd-uo Nn) “AVHAYONIOITAD (apnu wmyouryoyy) “AV'TISCAOLONVIAW JS oh Ee eee ae (‘TOYIS A1OPVITASOI YIM OBAIVT) “AViLVNOHdIS “AVQIOITAS BLA LOG aT WUC pte t= dna Fy “Wwe}-Quy; *eIAUI0S94g *BOPIOASOG, "VLIOUeny “eI ATMOLOSB YL *Bosnysopnesg “et AWIOYNIG “*BABOLIVIT VuIpPIeMOR, “eAR[ULT eIqjor1oueg *BULOSOULY AU ¢ “snpronyy *eloydolosg *SOPIOIUOSUVIT *BIMOSUB TL *snypoudY Looe y, *BIAULOJIVOV ‘elUleyqeisopuosg “eIULBYGeiy ‘UOIMODOUROI “BISO[TY) *ertAuUlOUOIGOYOLLY, “er AulovIII04d OT *sdOuOdOISeT "*BIZINT “SIp[eqoesyjyopnesg “BIPleqoou,L, *xolng ‘apUrdyNY “Wey-qug (qt0ys 6 : Suol P jo 1d[eg) ‘AVA TVd0URLAA “eIYOLIPLy “BIT199 ‘snqoucy.rossc "soqIoUAYAOXO TF, ‘snyoudys0y Ayuy *SNUIT.IVS9 IT ‘apurury.tobajyy “Wey-qug (*‘peamo stosogo.ig) “AVHONAHYOTAUNY ALOPVITASII JNOYJIM OBAIV'T) ‘snqoudyiozA py “BIDUZ/VQLLIy ‘snaoydowwihg “BIAUIOYIO4S ‘uolaydopideopoAg "eB LAULOZAT ‘sojoydouy *SUOT SeX9s Y3OQ UT Idjeg ‘apuyeydoup “wej}-qng (‘uoydis ‘AVLVYNOHdISY . (‘Burose1d stosoqoig) “EVAIOITOONGT Classification. 17 It is nevertheless by far the best general classification yet proposed, and it is followed in this volume. Whilst retaining the definitions of the original describers of the first Culicid genera, it at the same time brings the matter up to date in conformity with our recent knowledge. _ The chief characters of the groups are given in the table below. The best modification of this that can be made is as follows :— CULICIDAE. | ANOPHELINAE. MEGARHININAE. Proboscis straight ; palpi Orthorhynchae. Proboscis curved ; palpi long long in both sexes. Proboscis straight ; palpi short in ¢ ; long or short in @. in @ ; long or short in ¢&. Metanotopsilae. Metanototrichae. Metanotum nude. Metanotum with scales or chaetae. | ithe Heteropalpae. Micropalpae. Heteropalpae. Micropalpae. Palpi long Palpi short Palpi long ing ; “s Palpi short in in ¢. in ¢. short in 9. 3 and @. | | | | TRICHOPROSO- | PONINAE, | | CULICINAE. HEPTAPHLEBOMYINAE. AEDINAE. URANOTAENINAE. DENDROMYINAE. LIMATINAE. Wings with Wings with7long Firstfork cell First fork cell Proboscis Proboscis 6 long veins. veins. large. small. straight. elbowed. Dr. Lutz’s sub-family Ankylorhynchae is synonymous with my Megarhininae and his Hyloconopinae with my Trichoprosoponinae. Two other sub-families may be added, namely, Deinoceratinae of Mitchell, and Limatinae, Theobald—the former having long antennae with long second segment, the latter having a quaint elbowed proboscis. VOL. IV. Cc 18 A Monograph of Culicidae. TABLE OF SUB-FAMILIES. A. Scutellum simple, never trilobed. Proboscis straight; palpilongin g and 9? ............ ANOPHELINAE AA. Scutellum trilobed. a. Proboscis strongly nails ; first sub- marginal cell very small ..............sse000s MEGARHININAE aa. Proboscis straight ; metanotum nude. 8. Wings with 6 long scaled veins. y. Antennae with second joint normal in length. 5. First submarginal cell as long or longer than second posterior cell. e. Palpi of ? shorter than proboscis, of CHG 2 TOE «ies cic ccd sseveweresoevevys CULICINAE ee. Palpi short in ¢ and @ ............08- AEDINAE 55. First submarginal cell very small, smaller than second posterior cell URANOTAENINAE yy. Second segment of antennae very Sa Saeae Cae eee DEINOCERATINAE 88. Wings with 7 long scaled veins ... HEPTAPHLEBOMYINAB aaa. Proboscis straight; metanotum with scales or chaetae. ¢. Palpi long in ¢,shortin 9............ TRICHOPROSOPONINAE ¢(¢. Palpi short in ¢ and 9 ............... DENDROMYINAE aaad., Proboscis CLhOWed .........cccvccecneesscsencees LIMATINAE CHARACTERS OF SUB-FAMILIES. Sub-family ANOPHELINAE. Theobald. In this sub-family the scutellum is simple, never trilobed ; the palpi are long in g and 9, and the larvae have no respiratory siphon. The head never has flat lateral scales. The genera may easily be told by the squamose characters of head, thorax, abdomen and wings, etc. Characters of sub-families. 19 Sub-family MrGarHININAE. Theobald. Anchylorhynchae. Lutz. Lynchinellinae. Wahille. In this sub-family the proboscis is strongly re-curved ; head and scutellum densely clothed with flat scales. The palpi of the 9 may be short or long. The first sub-marginal cell is very small. Sub-family Cuticrnar. Theobald. Proboscis straight; metanotum nude; palpi long in ¢, short in 9. Antennae of ¢ plumose ; second segment normal. First sub-marginal cell as long as or longer than the second posterior cell. Wings with six scaled longitudinal veins. Sub-family Axpinaz. Theobald. Proboscis straight ; metanotum nude; palpi short in ¢ and ?. Antennae of ¢ plumose, ? pilose. Wings with six longitudinal scaled veins. First sub-marginal cell as long or longer than the second posterior cell. Sub-family URANOTAENINAE. Mitchell. First sub-marginal cell very small, always smaller than the second posterior cell. Proboscis straight, swollen apically. Palpi short in ¢ and 9. Antennae plumose in g, pilose in 9. Second segment of antennae normal. Sub-family DEINOCERATINAE. Mitchell. Proboscis straight; metanotum nude. First sub-marginal cell longer than second posterior. Antennae pilose in ¢ and 9. Palpi short in g and 9. Second segment of antennae very long. Wings with six longitudinal scaled veins. Sub-family HepraPHLEBOMYINAE. Theobald. Proboscis straight; metanotum nude. [First sub-marginal cell long. Antennae pilose in 92, plumose in ¢@. Wings with seven longitudinal scaled veins. Palpi short in 9, longin ¢. 20 A Monograph of Culrcrdae. Sub-family TricHoPRosoPoNINAE. Theobald. Joblotinae. Blanchard. Hyloconopinae. Lutz. Proboscis straight. Metanotum with squamae or chaetae. Palpi long in ¢, short in 9. First sub-marginal cell longer than the second posterior cell. Sub-family DenDRoMYINAE. Lutz. Proboscis straight. Metanotum with chaetae or squamae. Palpi short in both sexes. First sub-marginal cell longer than the second posterior cell. Sub-family Limatinage. n. sub-fam. Proboscis elbowed. Metanotum squamose. -Palpi short in g and ?. First sub-marginal cell longer than second posterior cell. LIST OF GENERA. Sub-family ANOPHELINAE. Theobald. Genus (1) Anopheles, Meigen; (2) Myzomyia, Blanchard; (3) Cyclolep- pteron, Theobald; (4) Feltinella, n. g.; (5) Stethomyia, Theobald ; (6) Pyretophorus, Blanchard; (7) Myzorhynchella, n. g.; (8) Arri- balzagia, Theobald; (9) Myzorhynchus, Blanchard; (10) Chrystia, Theobald; (11) Lophoscelomyia, Theobald; (12) Nyssorhynchus, Blan- chard; (18) Celia, Theobald ;° (14) Neocellia, n. g.; (15) Aldrichia, Theobald; (16) Kertészia, Theobald; (17) Bironella, Theobald. (18) Chagasia, Cruz. Sub-family MEGARHININAE. Theobald. Ankylorhynchae. Lutz. Lynchinellinae. Lahille. Genus (1) Megarhinus, Rob. Desvoidy; (2) Ankylorhynchus, Lutz; (8) Toxorhynchites, Theobald. Sub-family Cuticinar. Theobald. Genus (1) Janthinosoma, Arribalzaga; (2) Psorophora, Robineau Desvoidy ; (3) Mucidus, Theobald ; (4) Hretmapodites, Theobald ; (5) Qwasistego- Iast of Genera. 21 myia, Theobald ; (6) Desvoidea, Blanchard ; (7) Stegomyia, Theobald ; (8) Pseudoskusea, Theobald; (9) Ludilowia, n. g.; (10) Scutomyia, Theobald; (11) Aedimorphus, Theobald; (12) Leicesteria, Theobald ; (13) Macleaya, Theobald; (14) Carrollia, Lutz; (15) Popea, Ludlow ; (16) Howardina, Theobald ; (17) Hulecoeteomyia, Theobald ; (18) Phago- myia, Theobald; (19) Polyleptiomyia, Theobald; (20) Neomacleaya, n. g.; (21) Psewdohowardina, n. g.; (22) Lepidotomyia, Theobald ; (23) Protomacleaya, n. g.; (24) Reedomyia, Ludlow; (25) Pecomyia, Theobald; (26) Catageiomyia, Theobald; (27) Gilesia, Theobald ; (28) Trichorhynchus, Theobald ; (29) Psewdotheobaldia, n. g.; (80) Maillotia, n. g.; (31) Theobaldia, Neveu-Lemaire; (32) Pardomyia, n. g.; (33) Megaculex, n. g.; (34) Grabhama, Theobald; (35) Pseuwdograbhamia, Theobald; (36) Acartomyia, Theobald; (37) Luwtzia, Theobald; (38) Culicada, Felt.; (39) Culicelsa, Felt.; (40) Culiseta, Felt.; (41) Culex, Linnaeus ; (42) Microculea, n. g.; (43) Protoculex, Felt.; (44) Lopho- ceraomyia, Theobald ; (45) Aporoculex, n. g.; (46) Leucomyia, n. g. ; (47) Trichopronomyia, Theobald; (48) Taeniorhynchus, Arribalzaga ; (49) Chrysoconops, Goeldi; (50) Mansonia, Blanchard; (51) Mansoni- oides, n. g.; (52) Etorleptiomyia, Theobald; (53) Melanoconion, Theo- bald; (54) Neomelanoconion, n. g.; (55) Lasioconops, Theobald ; (56) Finlaya, Theobald; (57) Oculeomyia, n. g.; (58) Rachionotomyia, Theobald.* Sub-family Agpinsaz. Theobald. Genus (1) Aedes, Meigen; (2) Finlaya, Theobald; (8) Orthopodomyia, Theobald; (4) Skusea, Theobald; (5) Leptosomatomyia, Theobald ; (6) Haemagogus, Williston; (7) Cacomyia, Coquillett; (8) Gwalteria, Lutz; (9) Aedeomyia, Theobald. Sub-family URANOTAENINAE. Mitchell. Genus (1) Uranotaenia, Arribalzaga; (2) Psewdowranotaenia, Theobald ; (3) Anisocheleomyia, Theobald; (4) Mimomyia, Theobald. Sub-family HEPTAPHLEBOMYINAE. Theobald. Genus (1) Heptaphlebomyia, Theobald; (2) Psewdoheptaphlebomyia, Ven- trillon. Sub-family TRICHOPROSOPONINAE. Theobald. Joblotinae. Blanchard. Hyloconopinae. Lutz. Genus (1) Runchomyia, Theobald ; (2) Hyloconops, Lutz; (3) Trichoproso- pon, Theobald ; (4) Joblotia, Blanchard—Lutz. * The following have recently been added: Lepidoplatys, Coquillett ; Gymnometopa, Coquillett. 22 A Monograph of Culrcidae. Sub-family DENDROMYINAE. Lutz. Sabettinae. Lutz. Genus (1) Wyeomyia, Theobald; (2) Phoniomyia, Theobald; (3) Dendro- myia, Theobald; (4) Philodendromyia, n. g.; (5) Polylepidomyia, Theobald ; (6) Sabethes, Robineau Desvoidy ; (7) Sabethoides, Theobald ; (8) Sabettinus, Lutz. Sub-family LimatinaE. n. sub-fam. Genus (1) Limatus, Theobald. Sus-FAMILY ANOPHELINAE. Theobald. Kight new genera have been added to this sub-family since the appearance of volume iii. The most marked is Bironella, which has a wing venation like Megarhinus. TABLE OF GENERA. A. First sub-marginal cell large. I, Antennal segments without dense lateral scale tufts. (a) Thorax and abdomen with hair-like curved scales. f a. No flat scales on head, but up- right forked ones. 8B. Basal lobe of ¢ genitalia of one segment. 1. Wing scales large, lanceolate Genus ANOPHELES. Meigen. 2. Wing scales mostly small, long and narrow or slightly lan- GOED Sivcitdses sencicea Genus Myzomyira. _ Blanchard. 3. Wings with patches of large inflated scales ......... Genus CYCLOLEPPTERON. Theobald. 88. Basal lobe of two segments. 4, Prothoracic lobes with dense outstanding scales ...Genus FELTINELLA. D0. g. aa. Median area of head with some flat scales; prothoracic lobes mammillated. 5. Wing scales lanceolate Genus SrerHomy1A. Theobald. (b) Thorax with narrow-curved scales; abdomen hairy. 6. Wing scales small and lan- ceolate; head with normal forked scales .........+0. Genus PyrerorHorRus. Blanchard. ~~ Anophelinae. 23 7. Wing scales broad and lan- ceolate ; head with broad scales, not closely appressed but not forked or fimbriated Genus MyZORHYNCHELLA. Ni. g. {c) Thorax with hair-like curved scales and some narrow-curved ones in front; abdomen with apical lateral scale tufts and scaly venter; no ventral tuft. 8. Wing scales lanceolate Genus ARRIBALZAGIA. Theobald. {d) Thorax with hair-like curved scales; no lateral abdominal tufts; distinct apical ventral tuft. Palpi densely scaly. 9. Wing with dense large lan- ceolate scales ......... Genus Myzornuyncuus. Blanchard. (e) Thorax with hair-like curved scales and some narrow-curved lateral ones; abdomen hairy with dense long hair-like lateral apical scaly tufts. 10. Wing scales short, dense, lan- ceolate; fork-cells short...... Genus Curistya. Theobald. (f) Thorax with very long hair-like curved scales; abdomen with hairs except last two segments which are scaly. Dense scale tufts to hind femora. 11. Wings with broadish, blunt lanceolate scales ...... Genus LopHoscetomyia. Theobald. (g) Thorax and abdomen with scales. 12. Thoracic scales narrow-curved or spindle shaped; abdomi- nal scales as lateral tufts and small dorsal patches of flat stiles {:,¥...00ubuod.. bas Genus NyssoORHYNCHUS. Blanchard. 13. Abdomen nearly completely scaled with long irregular scales and with lateral scale tufts .....................<@enus CeLtuia. Theobald. 14, Similar to above, but no lateral scale. Gattis: sews pa Genus NEOCELLIA. nN. g. 15. Abdomen completely scaled with large flat scales as in Gulez... .\iiow Re. ayoasin Genus AupRIcHIA. Theobald. 16. Thoracic scales hair-like, ex- cept a few narrow-curved ones in front; abdominal scales long, broad and irre- gular: \.).:... .avaaowy Genus Kmrteszia. Theobald, 24 II. A Monograph of Culicidae. 17. Antennal segments with many dense scale tufts ...... Genus CHAGASIA. Cruz. 18. First sub-marginal cell very mmeall Jw hii ee Genus BrroNELLA. Theobald. Genus ANOPHELES. Meigen. The following is a complete list of the known species of this genus :— 1. A. maculipennis, Meigen, Syst. Beschr. Kur. Zweifil. Ins. Dipt. Vol. I., 14, 15. Re PS. A, : é. p. 11, f. 2 (1818) (Europe and North America). claviger, Fabricius, No type existed. Syst. Antl., p. 35 (1805). quadrimaculatus, Say, Long’s. Exped. St. Peters. River, Vol. II., app. 356. . bifurcatus, Linnaeus, Ins. Suec. p. 1891 (1758) (Europe, North America). trifurcatus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Vol. IV., p. 401 (8) (1792). claviger, Meigen, Syst. Beschr. Vol. I.-II.-I. and VL., p. 242 (1804). villosus, Robineau-Desvoidy, Essai Culic. (1827). walkert, Theobald, Mono. Culicid. Vol. I., p. 199 (1901). . algeriensis, Theobald, Ann. Inst. Pasteur, Vol. XVII., p. 2 (1908) ; Mono. Culicid. Vol. III., p. 21 (1903) (Algeria). . corethroides, n. sp. (Queensland). . smithit, Theobald, Entomo. Vol. XXXIX., p. 101 (1905) (Sierra Leone). aitkenii, James and Theobald, Mono. Culicid. Vol. III., p. 22 (1903) (Goa and Karwar). ummaculatus, Theobald, Mono. Culicid. Vol. III., p. 22 (1903) (India). A. nigripes, Staeger, Syst. For. o. d. i. Denm. Nid. fundne Dipt. (1839) RS pS pe ht me b&b (Northern Europe and North America). ? plumbeus, Haliday, Zool. Journ. Vol. XII. (1828). . lindesayur, Giles, Hand-Book of Gnats, p. 166 (1900) (North India). . punctipennis, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Vol. III. (1823) (North America). Culex hyemalis, Fitch. . pseudopunctipennis, Theobald Mono, Culicid. Vol. II., p. 305 (1901) (Grenada and New Mexico). . gigas, Giles, Ent. Monthly Mag. Vol. XXXVII., p. 196 (Conoor, Nehilgerri Hills, India). . crucians, Wiedemann, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins. p. 12 (1828) (North America). . wellcomei, Theobald, Rep. Gordon College Lab, Sudan, p. 64 (1904) (Sudan, Aden Hinterland). . barberi, Coquillett, Canad. Ent. p. 310 (1903) (Maryland, U.S.A.). Probably a variety of bifwrcatus. Genus Anopheles. 25 16. A. franciscanus, McCracken, Ent. News. Vol. XV., p. 12 (1904) (California). SPECIES UNCERTAIN. A. ferrugineus, Wiedemann, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins. p. 12 (1828) (New Orleans). SYNOPTIC TABLE OF ANOPHELES. A. Wings spotted. IT. Legs unbanded. a. Wings with spots formed of collec- tions of scales on the wing field— ed coliel epote: |... .. iid). ..daqnil« 2 maculipenms. Meigen. 8. Wings with light and dark costal markings. Costa with two yellow spots. Large species. Ne fringe Spottt sd ncsinilh. awgua¥-- punctipenmis. Say. Fringe spots present............... pseudopunctipennis. Theo- bald. Small species. + Wings much spotted .................- franciscanus. McCracken. II. Legs with basal pale bands. Two large dark costal spots ............ gigas. Giles. IIf. Legs with narrow apical bands. Costa dark with two small pale yellow MNOROE F.. « ed ethan gle. shied. Baier, anes oh wellcomei. Theobald. B. Wings unspotted. I. Legs unbanded. a. Thorax adorned as in Corethra...... corethroides. . Sp. aa. Thorax normal ornamentation. B. Second fork-cell much more than half the length of the first. y. Palpi unbanded. 5. Petiole of first fork-cell more than 2 length of cell. Abdomen with golden hairs ...... bifurcatus. Linne. Abdomen with brown hairs ...... algeriensis. Theobald. 55. Petiole of first fork-cell } length of ONL Cc oeln = « Pee os. oe barberi. Coquillett. vy. Palpi banded. Dark species. Wing scales very dense ............ smith. Theobald. Wing scales not so dense ......... nigripes, Staeger. BB. Second fork-cell not more than half the length of the first ............ aitkentt. ' Theobald. II. Legs banded. _ Hind femora only with broad white tana: - «+ as nna cen enna dak lindsayu. Giles. Apices of hind tarsi pale.................. immaculatus. Theobald. Position uncertain 6... ..c. ccc eee ceseek ee eisem. Coquillett. 26 A Monograph of Culcidae. ANOPHELES MACULIPENNIS. Meigen (1818). Anopheles bifurcatus. Meigen (1804). (Non Linne, 1758). Anopheles claviger. Fabricius (1805). (No type existed). Anopheles quadrimaculatus. Say (1824). Anopheles annulimanus. Van der Wulp (1867*). {Kuropean Form.) Syst. Beschr. Europ. Zwei. Ins. i., 11, 2 (1818), Meigen; Classif und Beschr. d. europ. zweif. Insek. (Dip. Lin.), xxviii., 1, p. 5, Meigen ; Syst. Antl., p. 35, 6 (1805), Fabricius; Zool. Journ., I., p. 457 (1825), and III. Thidem, p. 503 (1828); Syst. Oat. Brit. Ins. TL. , p. 233 (1829), tephens; Mem. d. la Soc d’Hist. Nat. de Paris, IIT., p. 411 (1827), Robineau Desvoidy; Isis, p. 1203 (1831), Ruthe; Hist, Nat. Dipt. i., 82, 2 (1834), Macquart ; Natur. Tidsskrift, II., p. 552 (1839), Staeger ; Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. ITI., 294, 2 (1845), Gimmerthal; Brit. Ent., 210, 2, Curtis; Cat. Dipt. Ins. Brit. Mus. i., p. 9 (1848), Walker ; Dip- tera Scand. ix., p. 3468 (1850), Zetterstedt; Fauna Austriaca, p. 625 (1864), Schiner; Dipt. Neer., p. 330 (1877), Van der Wulp; Dansk videnskaberne Selskabs Skrifter, III., p. 393 (1886), Meinert; Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., p. 228 (1896) and p. 187 (1899), Ficalbi; Ent. Mo. Mag. (2), xi., p. 281-283 (1900), Osten-Sacken; Handbk. Gnats, p. 167, 22 (1900) ; 2nd edit., p. 326, 42 (1902), Giles; Contribu. 4 l’histoire natu- relle et med des Mousq., p. 128 (1901), Polaillon; Mono. Culicid. I., p. 191 (1901) and iii., p. 17 (1903), Theobald; Journ. Hygiene, I1., p. 49 (1902), teoeber * C. R. Soc. d. Biol. LIV, , p. 793 (1902) ; Lien Moust., p. 160 (1905), Blanchard; Allattan, Kozl. III., 32 (1904), Kevtibas. {American Form.) Keating’s narrative of an expedition to the source of St. Peter’s River, under the command of 8. H. Long, Philadelphia, II., p. 356 (1824), Say: Auss. Zweif. Insek. I., p. 18 (1828), Wiedemann ; Rept. Geo. Bot. Zool., Massachusetts, Ist ed. (1833), Harris; Silliman’s American Journ. of Se. and Arts (2), xxxvii., p. 317 (1864), Loew; Bull. No. 4, N. Sc., U.S. Dept. Agri. Div. Ent., p. 23 (1896), Howard; Handbk. Gnats, p. 162 (1900), Giles; Journ. Boston Soc. of Med. Sc. V., p. 34 (1901), Smith; Psyche, IX., p. 191 (1901), Packard; Journ. Med. Research, VIL., p. 1 (1902), James. Synonomy.—At Mr. Coquillett’s request Dr. C. Ritsema com- pared specimens of maculipennis with the type of annulimanus in the Leyden Museum, and inforined him that they are identical. New localities —California (Professor Kellogg). These specimens are smaller than the European specimens and are more like the Palestine and Cyprus forms, British Columbia * Tijdschrift voor Ent. x., p. 129 (1867). Genus Anopheles. | 27 one g (Dr. Dyar) ; New Hampshire (Dr. Dyar). Miss Ludlow (Med. Record, Jan. 20, 1906) gives the following in America: _ Fort Apache, Arizona; Augusta Arsenal, Georgia; Benecia, Presidia, San Francisco, California; Boise Barracks, Idaho ; Fort Dade, Florida; Fort Du Pont, Delaware ; Fort Fremont, 8. Carolina ; Fort Hancock, N. Jersey ; Fort Hamilton, Madison Barracks, West Point, Fort Wadsworth, N. York; Forts Howard, Smallwood and Washington, Maryland ; Forts Hunt and Monroe, Virginia ; Huntingdon, Tennessee ; Jackson Barracks, Louisiana ; Jefferson Barracks, Missouri; Fort Logan, Arkansas; Fort Missoula, Montana; Fort Morgan, Alabama; Rock Island, Illinois ; Fort Snelling, Minnesota ; Connecticut (H. L. Viereck) ; Mississippi (Professor Glenn Herrick); various localities in Hungary (Dr. Kertész); Boulogne (F. V. T). ANOPHELES PUNCTIPENNIS. Say (1823). Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil. IIL, p. 9 (1823), Say; Ausseurop. Zweiflug. Insek. I., p. 12 (1828), Wiedemann; Ameri. Journ. Agri. and Sc. V., p. 274 (1851), Fitch; Bull. No. 4 U.S. Dept. Agri. Div. Ento., p. 23 (1896) ; Bull. 25 (n.s.), p. 44 (1900), Howard ; Handbk. Gnats, p. 164, 19 (1900) and 2nd ed., p. 322, 36, pl. x., fig. 6 (1902), Giles; Mosquitoes, p. 240 (1901), Howard; Mono. Culicid. I., p. 189, pl. vi., fig. 24, pl. xxxvil., fig. 145 (1901), Theobald; Science, p. 329 (1901), Herrick ; Les Mosquitoes, p. 167 (1905), Blanchard; Mosq. N. Jersey, p. 163 (1905), Smith; Mosq. Jamaica, p. 12 (1905), Theobald and Grabham. _ Additional localities.—Port Antonio, Jamaica (Drs. Johnson and Moseley). In America it is now known from most of the Eastern United States. In N. Jersey it is the dominant species in the south; California (Professor Kellogg); New Hampshire (Dr. Dyar). Miss Ludlow gives the following localities (Med. Record, Jan. 20, 1906) : Hot Springs, Arkansas ; Fort Hamilton, N. York ; Huntingdon, Tennessee ; Fort Leaven- worth, Kansas; Leon Springs, Texas; Rock Jsland Arsenal, Illinois; Fort Snelling, Minnesota; Fort Washington, Mary- land ; Fort Wadsworth and Fort Niagara, N. York; Westlawn Cem., Ohio; Fort Gill and Fort Reno, Okla; Mississippi (Pro- fessor Glenn Herrick) : Connecticut (H. L. Viereck). Observations.—The larvae may be found in all kinds of natural collections of water, both clean and foul, but prefer the former. The adults bite severely, but so far have not been connected with malaria. The general character of the larva is as follows :— Life-history and habits—The larva has a rounded brown 28 A Monograph of Culicidae. head; the mid frontal hairs are simple, the lateral branched. Between the antennae are six plumose hairs, and between the latter, nine more or less distinct pigmented spots, the largest in Fig. 3. Anopheles punctipennis. Say. Head, antenna, and labial plate (after Smith). the centre. the others arranged around it. Antenna of two segments, the first short and immovable, the second elongate and bears two rather long spines and two short ones and a 6-branched hair ; about one-third of the length from the base is a branched Fig. 4, Labial plate of A. pwnctipennis (after Felt). hair. Thorax rounded, bearing twelve long plumose hairs and some smaller ones and _ several single hairs. Abdomen composed of nine segments, the first two rings have two long feathered hairs on each side, the third has one, the fourth and fifth have three or four simple hairs united at their base on each side, the sixth, seventh and eighth with but one or two; besides these there are two or three short feathered hairs and several short simple ones on each side of the segments. Palmate hairs on segments three to seven ; comb with about seven long teeth, and between each, one to four, shorter ones. Pupa with no special features. Genus Anopheles. 29 ANOPHELES (?) cRucIANS. Wiedemann (1828). Aussereup. Zweifliig. Ins., p. 12 (1828), Wiedemann; Bull. No. 4 (n.8.) U.S. Dept. Agri. Div. Ento., p. 23 (1896), Howard; Circ. 40, 2nd se. U.S. A. Dept. Agri., p. 4 (1899); Coquillett; Bull. No. 25 (x.s.) U.S. _ Dept. Agri. Div. Ent., p. 44 (1900), Howard ; Handbk. Gnats, p. 165, 20 (1900); 2nd ed., p. 324, 40 (1902), Giles; Mosquitoes, p. 240 (1901), Howard ; Mono. Culicid. I., p. 204, 35 (1901), Theobald ; Les Moust., p. 171 (1905), Blanchard; Mosq. N. Jersey, p. 169 (1905), Smith. T have been unable to obtain any specimens of this Anophelite. The best description is that given by Smith, and judging from this it cannot be placed in Anopheles at all, for he says “thorax striped with greyish scales,” and again, ‘‘ mottled at the sides with greyish scales and with narrow stripes of scales of the same colour down the central part.” _ I append his description in full, leaving the generic position until I have been able to examine specimens.* ‘Head dark brown, with scattered yellowish scales at the angles of the eyes and a tuft of yellowish hairs from between Fig, 5. Anopheles crucians. Wied. Head, antenna, and labium of larva (after Smith). the eyes projecting forward over the head. Another line of similarly coloured scales forms a border to the posterior margin * Since going to press Miss Ludlow sends me a note that the palpi have the last joint entirely white (silvery grey) and very narrow white bands at the bases of penultimate and antepenultimate joints, sometimes involving both sides. sx A Monograph of Culreidae. of the eyes. Proboscis evenly dark brown. Palpi in ? dark brown, almost black with apical joint, base of penultimate and antepenultimate joints white. Male palpi dark brown, with the long hairs towards apex yellowish. Antennae dark brown in the 9, paler in g. “ Dorsum of thorax brown, mottled at the sides with greyish scales and with narrow stripes of scales of the same colour down the central part; pleura and legs same as in punctipennis, but the latter not nearly so dark. Wings hyaline, with black, whitish and grey scales as follows :—Costa black; sub-costa black ; radius 1 black ; a few white scales at extreme apex, and some greyish ones just before the cross-vein between radius 1 and radius 2; radius 2 black, broken twice with white portions. before the fork and white again at the margin ; radius 3, a large portion at base black, a smaller portion black at the margin, intermediate part white ; radius 4 and 5 black at the base and again at the margin, greyish and whitish scales between ; media 1 and 2 greyish to the fork, with a small black patch at the cross-vein, after the fork black at both ends, white between ; media 3 black at both ends, white between ; cubitus 1 white at fork, then black to a little beyond cross-vein and again at margin of wing, intermediate part white ; cubitus 2 white except a small black patch at margin; anal vein white, a small black portion at each end and one in the centre. ‘‘ Abdomen as in allied species, dark brown with yellowish brown hairs evenly scattered on the surface. “« Length.—4 to 5 mm.” Additional localities—Cape May County, New Jersey, and a few other localities there (Delair, Port Reading, Lahaway, etc.) ; Fort Banancas, Florida; Fort Caswell, North Carolina; Fert Du Pont, Delaware; Fort Fremont, South Carolina; Leon Springs and Fort Ringold, Texas; Fort Monroe, Virginia; Fort Screven, Georgia; Jackson Barracks and Fort St. Philip, Louisiana (Ludlow). Observations.—This species bites by day and night and is eager to get indoors. It is called in America the “ Daylight Anopheles.” The larva is described by Smith as follows :—“ Length 5°5 to 6 mm.; colour dirty greyish-brown, a white dorsal stripe may be present in living specimens. Maculation of vertex variable. Second segment of antenna is shorter and does not taper as in allied species, but is blunt with two long spines serrated on one Genus Anopheles. 31 edge and six long hairs ; colour dark brown, pale yellow at base, surface set with rather large spines ; the 4-branched hair larger and situated one-third the length of antenna from the base. Mandible and maxillary palpus of normal Anopheles form, the former with four instead of three curved spines, three of them feathered on one side; the latter with the two apical processes spatulate in form. Lateral combs consist each of a large plate, -the posterior edge with seven or eight long stiff spines and with 10-12 shorter spines between them. The ninth segment rather stout, dorsal tufts and ventral fan as in others, with the dorsal plate a little larger. Tracheal gills short and stout, less than half the length of the other two species.” Note.—Unfortunately no mention is made of either frontal hairs or palmate hairs. Synonomy.—Wiedemann’s ferrugineus is said by Coquillett to be the same as Say’s quinquefasciatus, and both are synonymous with Culex pipiens. It was at one time thought to be synonymous with Anopheles crucians. ANOPHELES GIGAs. Giles (1901). Ent. Mo. Mag. XXXVII., 196 (1901), Giles: Mono. Culicid. IT., 308 (1901), Theobald; Mono. Anop. Ind., 110 (1904), James and Liston. Additional localities—Ceylon (E. E. Green) ; Deesa (Major C. G. Nurse). ANOPHELES FRANCISCANUS. McCracken (1904). Entomo. News, p. 9, Jan. (1904). Head dark brown; palpi brown with light bands. Thorax dark brown at sides, pale in the middle, with median and obscure lateral lines. Legs unbanded. Wings with dark costa with two nearly equal yellow spots and a pale spot at end of each vein of fringe except sixth, rest of veins yellow and black. 6. Head dark brown, with short dark erect scales towards the nape, emarginate and slightly forked, vertex and anterior part of occiput with short, light brown scales not forked, a tuft of light brown hairs projecting forward encircling the eyes posteriorly ; eyes deep purplish brown; antennae about two- thirds length of palpi, yellowish-brown hairs, basal segment dark brown; palpi equalling proboscis in length, with emarginate scales from base to tip on under and outer surfaces, those upon outer surface dark, upon under surface light, long light hairs 32 A Monograph of Culicidae. covering distal third, becoming short and start at the apex; a light area at base of three distal segments, giving a slightly banded appearance ; two distal segments spatulate, proboscis scaled except labella, labella covered with median stout setae, a few light hairs at apex. Thorax : prothoracic lobes dark ; mesothorax dark brown at sides, with scattered light hairs, a broad light brown patch in the middle ; within this light area a median line and obscure lateral lines; scutellum light with single horizontal row of hairs ; metanotum dark without hairs; halteres dark covered with thick pubescence and emarginate scales, stalks light without scales. Abdomen, basal area of each segment light, covered sparingly with long, light hairs; two stiff hairs on posterior margin of distal segment, stout hairs on margin of genital lobes. Legs, coxae and trochanters light, the latter, femora, tibiae and tarsi covered with short, dark, emarginate scales and setae ; ungues of front legs very unequal, the larger ones with a large median tooth and small basal lobe ; median ungues curved, with blunt basal lobes; posterior ungues equal, simple; posterior metatarsus slightly longer than tibia. Wings with dark costa, with two distinct, nearly equal, yellow spots, one at distal end of sub-costal vein, one at and involving distal end of first long vein; fringe dark, with a yellow spot at the end of each vein except at the end of the sixth; the first spot carried on to the first long vein, the apical spot carried past over long vein on to the upper branch of the second long vein ; the second long vein dark except for a few basal light seutee third long vein yellow in the middle, dark at the base and apex ; light area at base of third long vein carried over the fourth on to upper branch of the fifth, with a few light scales at base ; main branch of fifth long vein light, except at base and apex ; distal half of sixth dark, except at apex, basal half light ; sub-costal with a light spot carried to the first long vein (in one specimen the light spot on sub-costal missing); third long vein prolonged into basal cell; first sub-marginal cell longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior cell, stem twice the length of the cell ; stem of second posterior cell prolonged to base of wing; supernumerary cross-vein adjacent to or but very shortly removed from mid cross-vein and equal to it in length when removed nearer to apex of wing; posterior cross-vein a little longer than mid cross-vein and varying in distance from it Genus Anopheles. 33 from one-half to almost twice its own length; third long vein prolonged slightly into the basal cell, darkest scales as costal, sub-costal and first long vein. ?. Palpi equalling proboscis in length, light area at base of three distal segments, giving a banded appearance, clothed with scales, short hairs and setae as in the ¢, distal segments not spatulate ; legs with ungues equal; otherwise agreeing with the male. Note.—No length given to this distinct Anopheles. It was described I find on referring to a letter from Professor Kellogg from Stanford University, California. Localities—Fort Brown, Fort Clark, Fort Sam Houston, Leon Springs, Texas; Benecia Barracks, California (Ludlow). The larva is also figured but not in detail. ANOPHELES WELLCOME! Theobald (1904). First Rept. Gord. Coll. Well. Labs., p. 64 (1904). Head black with dense white, yellow and brown upright forked scales, the white ones in front and two long hair-like projecting white tufts ; palpi yellow, black at the base with two white bands on the yellow area. Thorax ashy, chestnut-brown at the sides, and with hair-like golden scales ; abdomen brown, unbanded with brownish-golden hairs. Wings mostly yellow scaled, costa jet black with two yellow spots and three or four black spots on the wing field. Q. Head black densely clothed with large upright forked scales giving it a ragged appearance, white in front, yellow in the middle, black behind and at the sides ; projecting forwards are two prominent tufts of long white hair-like scales ; antennae brown with pale hairs, and the basal six or seven joints with many white scales, basal segment bright reddish-brown ; proboscis with basal half black, apical half ochreous ; palpi not quite as long as the proboscis, basal third black scaled, apical two-thirds bright ochreous with an almost white apical band and a pure white band about one-fourth the way down. Thorax ashy-grey with a broad dark median stripe and chestnut-brown laterally, two more or less yellowish lines on the grey median area seen only in certain lights and under two- third power, scales hair-like and pallid golden, except in front over the head, where there are grey and long narrow-curved scales; the hair-like scales form a prominent double row on each VOL. IV. D 34 A Monograph of Culierdae. yellow line ; scutellum and metanotum pale brown ; pleurae pale ochreous brown. | Abdomen brown, ochreous ventrally, with pale brown hairs, most dense on the venter. Wings with the costa jet black, with two prominent, rich yellow spots on the apical half; apex of wing yellow ; first long vein yellow with a black spot near the apex under a small apical black costal spot, traces of two smaller ones nearer the base ; subcostal black ; second long vein yellow with a black spot on both branches of the fork-cell just under the black spot on the first long vein ; third long vein all yellow, with a minute apical black spot, and another minute one at its base just past the cross-veins ; fourth long vein yellow with two dusky spots on the upper and one on the lower branches of the fork-cell, and a few on one side of its stem ; fifth long vein yellow, a few black scales at the base of the upper branch, and a trace of an apical spot ; sixth yellow with a black median spot ; fringe black with yellow spots at the junction of all the veins with the border and the greater part of the fringe from the sixth vein to the base yellow ; first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem slightly more than half the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior cell nearly as long as the cell; supernumerary and mid cross-veins in one line, posterior cross-vein about its own length distant behind the mid. MHalteres with pale stem and fuscous knob. Legs brown with very narrow apical yellow bands. Length.—4‘5 to 5 mm. Habitat——Baro and Pibor; also on the Jur and at Meshra (Dr. Balfour and Colonel Penton), and Aden Hinterland (Captain Peyton, I.M.8.). Observations.—Described from several females, but all have been slightly damaged, the wings are very characteristic and approach nearest to Giles’s Anopheles gigas from India. Dr. Balfour states that “‘it boarded the steamer in the evening at Baro and bit freely.” There is variation in the wing marking, especially in the size of the black spots on the wing field. It is abundant on the Baro. Fresh specimens of this species have been taken by Colonel Penton on the Jur and at Meshra. It has also occurred in the Aden Hinterland, specimens Genus Anopheles. 35 having been sent me by Captain Peyton, I.M.8., who, however, does not agree that they belong to my species. I can only say they are the same as the specimens described from the Sudan. The male has not yet been found. ANOPHELES CORETHROIDES. 0. sp. Palpi and proboscis in both sexes deep brown. Thorax pale brown with a large median anterior, dark area, and a long lateral dark area behind. Abdomen deep brown. Legs deep brown, both unbanded. Wings very similar to those of A. bifurcatus. @. Head brown with grey sheen, and with narrow upright paler brown to dull ochreous, forked scales ; clypeus large, deep brown with grey sheen; antennae deep brown with pale pubescence along the internodes; proboscis deep brown; palpi deep brown, not quite as long as the proboscis, apical segment much shorter than the long penultimate segment. Thorax pale greyish-brown with a broad dark brown median area extending from the head to about half the length of the mesonotum, broadest in front, and with a median line, and ending in two separate rounded outlines; just overlapping and passing back to the scutellum, on each side is a pale brown line; hairs brown, a median line somewhat paler ; scutellum pale ochreous grey with brown border-bristles ; metanotum deep brown ; pleurae brown. Abdomen deep brown, paler areas on the last few segments, bristles brown and pale brown. Legs brown with bronzy reflections, paler beneath, ungues equal and simple. Wings with rather short fork-cells, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior contracted Fig. 6. Wing of Anopheles corethroides. 2. MN. sp. apically ; its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem about two- thirds the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior as long as the cell ; mid cross-vein about its own length in front of the D 2 36 A Monograph of Culicidae. supernumerary and posterior cross-veins. Halteres with dark knobs. Length.—3 to 4 mm. \ g. Palpi deep brown swollen apically with scanty hairs, slightly longer than the proboscis; fore ungues unequal, the larger uniserrate ; mid and hind equal and simple. First sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its stem as long as’ the cell, stem of the second posterior longer than the cell ; mid cross-vein rather more than its own length in front of the supernumerary and posterior. Length.—3 mm. Habitat.—South Queensland (Dr. Bancroft). Time of capture.—November. Observations.—Described from specimens sent me _ by Dr. Bancroft. They look just like Anopheles bifurcatus at first sight, but can be told at once by the peculiar adornment of the mesonotum, which resembles that of a Corethra. The form of the first sub-marginal cell is also characteristic. ANOPHELES BIFURCATUS. Linneus (1758). Culex bifurcatus. Linneeus (1758). Culex trifurcatus. Fabricius (1794). Culex claviger.. Meigen (1804). Anopheles villosus. Robineau Desvoidy (1828). Anopheles walkeri. Theobald (1901). Syst. Nat., ed. x., 603, 2 (1758), Linnaeus; Fn. Suec., ed. ii., 465, 1891 (1761), Linnaeus; Syst. Nat., ed. xii., II., 1002, 3 (1767), Linnaeus; Syst. Ent., 800, 2 (1775), and Spec. Ins., II., 469, 2 (1781), Fabricius ; Ins. Austr., 482, 982 (1781), Schrank; Mantissa Ins., II., 363, 3 (1787), Fabricius; Syst. Nat., V., 2887, 3 (1792), Gmelin; Fn. Boica, III., 166, 2566 (1803), Schrank; Syst. Beschr., I., 11, 1 (1818), Meigen; Brit. Ent., 210, 1 (1828), Curtis; Abbild. europ. zweifl. Ins., I. (1830); Suit. a& Buff., I., 32, 1 (1834), Macquart; Ins. Lapp., 807, 1 (1838), Zetter- stedt; Naturhist. Tiddsskr., II., 552, 2 (1839), Staeger; Dipt. Beitr. I., 3, 1 (1845), Loew; Bull. Soc. Imp. d. Nat. Mosc., xx., 294 (1845), Gimmerthal; Dipt. Scand., IX., 3467, 1 (1850), and XI., 4344, 1 (1852), Zetterstedt; Ins. Brit. Dipt. III., 249 (1856), Walker; Fauna. Austr., II., 625, 2 (1864), Schiner; Dipt. Neerl. (1877), Van d. Wulp; Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., xxviii., 225, 1 (1896), and xxxi., 142, 3 (1899), Ficalbi ; Natur. Siciliana, II., p. 40 (1900), Bezzi and Stephani-Perez; Bull. 25 (n.s.), U. S. Dept. Agri. Div. Ent., p. 21 (1900), Howard; Handbk. Gnats, 1st ed., 174, 26 (1900), and 2nd ed., 328, 45 (1902), Giles; Mono. Culicid., I., 195, 31 (1901), Theobald; Mosq,, p. 233 (1901), Howard; Die Malaria, 102 (1901), Grassi; Mono. Culicid., III., 19 Genus Anopheles. SF. (1903), Theobald ; Allantan, Kézl. IIL, 35 (1904), Kertész; Revis. Anoph. 23 (1904), Giles; Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. III., 65 (1905), Theobald; Les Moust., 164 (1905), Blanchard; Culex claviger, Klass. I., 4, 7 (1804), Meigen; Culex trifurcatus, Ent. Syst., TV., 401, 3 (1794), and Syst. Antl., 35, 5 (1805), Fabricius; Anopheles villosus, Mém. Soc, d’Hist. Paris, ITI., 411, 2 (1827), Robineau Desvoidy; Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., XXVIII., 227, 2 (1896), Ficalbi; Handbk. Gnats, 176, 28 (1900), Giles. Further characters taken from living ¢. The male has a V-shaped patch of creamy white upright scales in the middle of the head, the broad end towards the eyes, a bare median sulcus and the creamy scales in front long and thin, almost in the form of long narrow-curved scales, other upright scales black; a single row of thin chaetae bordering the eyes, the two outer long and far apart, then four shorter equal brown ones, then two golden ones, arising from one base, then two long pale hairs on each side. Eyes brilliant apple-green, copper and purple at junction with head. The two apical segments of the palpi are uniformly swollen and have dull purple and coppery reflections ; the apical segment shorter than the penultimate ; hair-tufts brown, fairly dense on penultimate segment, apex of antepenultimate and apical segment with only a few hairs. Length.—7 mm. Time of capture.—May 18th. Habitat.—Wye, Kent (F. V. T.). Additional localities.—Hungary (Kertész). ANOPHELES BARBERI. Coquillett (1903). Canad. Entomo., p. 310 (1903). Coquillett; Rept. Ent. Dep. N. Jersey Agri. Exp. St., p. 671 (1906), Smith. This species is near walkeri, but only about half as large, according to Coquillett. It is called in America the Tree hole Anopheles. There is little in the short description by which one can separate it from A. bifurcatus, Linn., of which A. walkeri mihi is a synonym. Size is of no value as I have bred bifurcatus 3°5 mm. long. Coquillett says, the petiole of first sub-marginal cell is about one-third as long as cell, in all bifurcatus I have seen it has been relatively much longer, and although this is a variable character in bifurcatus the difference is so marked that it may be taken to be of specific value. 38 A Monograph of Culrcidae. Moreover this species has different larval habits. It lives in tree holes with triseriatus and signifer. The larvae rarely go to the bottom, they assume a horizontal position. This species winters in the larval stage. The specimens were collected on Plummet’s Island, Maryland, in August, by Mr. H. 8. Barber. Type in the U.S. National Museum (No. 6959). Other localities given are in New Jersey, at Chester and Morris County (September 6th) (J. B. Smith). ANOPHELES EISENI. Coquillett (1902). Journ. N. York Ent. Soc. x., p. 192 (1902), Coquillett; Revis. Anop., p. 24, 7 (1904), Giles. Coquillett described this species from Aguna, Guatémala (2000 feet). In his recent classification of the mosquitoes of North and Middle America Coquillett gives in the table of Anopheles this species under the following characters: Front margin of wings wholly black ; sixth or last vein wholly black ; first vein with a patch of yellow scales before its middle and another on the apex ; hind tibiae yellowish-white scaled on the apical fourth. Length.—3°5 mm. ANOPHELES sMITHII. Theobald (1905). The Entomologist, Vol. XXXIX., p. 101 (1905). Head black, with a patch of frosty grey scales in front ; proboscis black ; palpi black, with three narrow pale bands, apex black. Antennae with outstanding scales as well as hairs on the second segment giving a tufted appearance. Thorax frosty-grey in the middle, deep brown at the sides and with a median black line and brown hair-like scales. Abdomen all black with dull golden hairs. Legs black, unbanded. Wings unspotted, the veins clothed with dense dark brown scales. ? Head black, with a patch of frosty-grey upright forked scales in front, dense black upright forked scales behind, over which shows a prominent tuft of large grey narrow-curved scales projecting forwards from the thorax ; several thick black bristles project forwards between the eyes ; proboscis and clypeus black, the former thin, palpi as long as proboscis, thin, scaly, black, with three pale bands, the apical segment black. Antennae black, the second segment with a small dense tuft of hairs on Genus Anopheles. 39 the inner side as well as the normal long black ones. Thorax frosty-grey in the middle, showing a median dark line and a pale yellowish-brown one on each side of it in front, more or less tessellated behind, and with many small black specks, the sides deep brown, the median pale frosty area contracted in front, so that the lateral brown areas widen out anteriorly ; the thin hair- like scales (hairs?) brown ; scutellum and metanotum deep brown, border-bristles of former black. Abdomen black with deep brown hairs. Legs long and thin, deep brown ; ungues equal and simple, thin and rather long. Wings clothed with dense brown stumpy lanceolate scales ; the first sub-marginal cell considerably longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing than that of the latter, gradually becoming acute at the base, its Fig. 7. Wing of Anopheles smithti. Theobald. @¢. stem about two-thirds the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior cell longer than the cell; supernumerary and mid cross-veins close together, the mid a little behind the super- numerary, posterior cross-vein about its own length distant behind the mid. Length.—3°5 to 4 mm. Habitat.—Sierra Leone (800 feet) (Major F. Smith, R.A.M.C.). Observations.—Described from several perfect ?’s. It is a very dark species coming near A. nigripes, Staeger, but can at once be told by the denser wing scales and banded palpi. The structure of the second antennal segment is also very marked, having a tuft-like appearance. A 9 sent by Capt. Grattan, R.A.M.C., shows traces of three minute pale costal spots, but not extending on to the outer costal border, one spot apical where the upper branch of the first fork-cell joins the costa, another on the first long vein just about the middle of the first fork-cell and another still smaller about the middle of the stem, on the first long vein. 40 A Monograph of Culrerdae. This, perhaps, is best taken as a variety of smithii for I can find no structural differences. ANOPHELES FERRUGINOSUS. Wiedemann (1828). Auss. Zweifliig Ins., p. 12 (1828), Wied.; Circ. 40, 2nd Se., U.S.A., Dept. Agri., p. 4 (1889), Coquillett; Mono. Culicid. I., p. 43 (1901), Theobald ; Class. Mosq. N. and M. America, p. 7 (1906), Coquillett. Coquillett shows this not to be a new species, but simply a change of name for Culex quinquefasciatus, Say. The species is represented in the Vienna Museum by four specimens of a Culex. It is probably merely Culex pipiens according to Coquillett (p. 7) but he clearly means C. fatigans. ANOPHELES NIGRIPES. Staeger (1839). Naturhist. Tidssky, II., 252, 3 (1839); Dipt. Neer. ii., 3, p. 331 (1877), Van d. Wulp; Dipt. Beitr. i., 4, 2 (1845) Low; Fn. Austr. ii., 625, (1864) Schiner; Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., p. 226 (1896), Ficalbi; Gnats, p. 175, (1900) Giles; Mono. Culicid. II., p. 201 (1901) Theobald ; K. Danske Vid. Selsk. Skrift, IIT., p. 395,.1, I. f. 32-35 (1886); Allant. Kozle, p. 37 (1904) Kertész. Additional localities.—Mississippi State (Professor Glenn Herrick), Fort St. Philip, Louisiana; Fort Screven, Georgia (Miss Ludlow) ; Hungary (Dr. Kertész). ANOPHELES LINDESAYI. Giles (1900). Handbk. Guat, 1st ed., p. 166 (1900), Giles; Mono. Culicid. I., p. 203 (1901), Theobald. Additional localities—Reneghat, Bengal, at an elevation of 4000 feet (Capts. James and Liston, I.M.S.); Dehra Dhoon (Captain W. Thomson). Characters of the larva.—Dr. Christophers states that frontal hairs of the larva are simple and unbranched—no thoracic palmate hairs, and that the antennae have a small branched hair, somewhat as seen in barbirostris. It appears to be a hill species entirely. ANOPHELES IMMACULATUS. James (1902), Malaria in India, p. 45 (1902), James; Mono. Oulicid. III., p. 23 (1908), Theobald. A correction has to be made here—the specimen described seems to have come from Ennur (not Goa), a small village on the Genus Myzomyia. Al East Coast about ten miles from Madras, and was sent me by Dr. Stephens. The letter bears Dr. Christophers’ name. When fresh Capt. James says there are three white palpal bands, an apical broad one extending over nearly half of each palp and two very narrow basal ones. Genus MYZOMYIA. Blanchard. Grassta. Theobald. Journ. Trop. Med., Vol. II., p. 181 (1902). Myzomyi1a. Blanchard. C. r. Soc. Biol., Paris, Vol. XXII1., p. 795 (1902). The following are the known species in this genus :— 1. M. funesia, Giles, Mem. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med. Mem. 2, p. 50 (1900) ; Hand-Book of Gnats, p. 162 (1900) (Central and Western Africa, Sudan, Philippine Islands). Kumasii, Chalmers, The Lancet, Nov. 1900, Kumasi. var. wmbrosa, Theobald, Mem. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med. App. p. vi. (1900). var. swbumbrosa, Theobald, idem, p. vr. (1900). . M. rossw, Giles, Journ. Trop. Med. Oct. (1899) (India, Malay States, China, Philippine Islands). vagus, Dénitz, Beit. Kennt. d’Anop. p. 80 (1902). 3. M. ludloww, Theobald, Mono. Culicid. Vol. III., p. 42 (1903) (Philip- pine Islands, Malay). 4, M. rhodesiensis, Theobald, idem, Vol. I., p. 184 (1901) (Central Africa). 5. M. culicifacies, Giles (2, non ¢), Ent. Monthly Mag. p. 197 (1901) (Central Provinces, Berars, Madras, India). liston, Giles, Ent. Monthly Mag. p. 197 (1901). wndica, Theobald, Mono. Culicid. Vol. I., p. 183 (1901). culicifacies, Giles, Ent. Monthly Mag. p. 197, 9 (6 = turkhudi). . M. listoni, Liston (non Giles), Ind. Med. Gaz. Vol. XXXVI., p. 12 (1901) (India, Federated Malay States). christopherst, Theobald, Proc. Roy. Sec. Eng. Vol. LXIX., p. 378 (1902). fluviatilis, Christophers (1901) ms. 7. M. longipalpis, Theobald, Mono. Culicid. Vol. III., p. 37 (1903) (British Central Africa). . M. leptomeres, Theobald, idem, Vol. III., p. 38 (1903) (India). . M. lutzw, Theobald, ibidem, Vol. I., p. 177 (1901) (Brazil, British Guiana), bo jor) Nelies) 42 A Monograph of Culicidae. 10. M. turkhudi, Liston, Ind. Med. Gaz. p. 441 (1901) (India). culicifacies, & Giles, Ent. Monthly Mag. p. 197 (1901). 11. M. hispaniola, Theobald, Mono. Culicid. Vol. TII., p. 49 (1903) (Spain, Teneriffe). 12. M. elegans, James and Theobald, idem, Vol. III., p. 51 (1903) (Bombay Presidency). 13. M. tessellata, Theobald, Mono. Culicid. Vol. I., p. 175 (1901) (Straits Settlements). punctulatus, Theobald (non Dénitz), Mono. Culicid. Vol. L., p. 175 (1901). 14. M. albirosiris, Theobald, Mono. Culicid. Vol. III., p. 24 (1903) (Malay States). 15. M. nili, Theobald, Rep. Gordon Coll. Lab. Sudan, p. 66 (1904) (Sudan). 16. M. thorntonu, Ludlow, Canad. Ent. p. 69 (1904) (Philippine Islands). 17. M. acomta, Doénitz, Beitr. z. d. Anopheles, p.70 (1902) (Sumatra, Java). 18. M. hebes, Dénitz, idem, p. 84 (1902) (Dar-Es-Salam, Hast Africa). 19. M. pyretophoroides. nu. sp. 20. M. indefinata, Ludlow, Canad. Entomo., p. 299 (1904) (Philippine Islands). SYNOPTIC TABLE OF SPECIES OF MYZOMYIA. A. Proboscis unbanded. 1. Legs banded. a. Palpi with 3 white rings. Legs with faint apical pale bands. Wing fringe spotted ..................... funesta. Giles. Legs with prominent apical pale bands and a broad pale median band to fore and mid metatarsi ............ lutzw. Theobald. Legs (hind) with apical and basal pale bands. Wings with 5 to 6 pale costal spots the largest T-shaped ............... ross. Giles. Wings with 3 yellow costal spots ... longipalpis. Theobald. B. Palpi with 2 white rings .................. aconita. Dénitz. 2. Legs spotted and banded. a. Supernumerary cross-vein straight. Palpi with 3 white bands. Apical and basal pale leg banding. 3rd large costal spot with 2 spots beneath on Ist vein ............... ludloww. Theobald. 3rd costal spot J-shaped as in TOSSUL crecerccessscssccessesssscesceee Umaefinata, Ludlow. Thorax with 2 ocelli, wings much a. ee epee tessellata. Theobald. Palpi with 4 white bands ............... elegans. James. 8. Supernumerary cross-vein markedly OE es Bawah Beas ss «aint os ceed pyretophoroides, n. sp. Genus Myzomyia. 3. Legs unbanded. a. Apex of palpi white and ringed. 3 pale palpal bands. 3rd long vein mostly yellow 3rd long vein dark. Several fringe spots Two fringe spots No fringe spots B. Apex of palpi white only ...............06 y. Apex of palpi black. Black apex narrow: ..csi%... sve at. 23 Black apex broad B. Proboscis banded. Legs unspotted Legs spotted e@ereeoreesenn S@erteseareeorseanveeveeas Pere oserseersesreensseveereee eeeeeseeeeer® OF eeseeeeoeseseeseaaseeeee tens MyZzomYIA NILI. First Rept. Gord. Coll. Well. Labs., p. 43 listont. Liston. leptomeres. Theobald. culicifacies. Giles. rhodesiensis. Theobald. mili. Theobald. turkhudi. Liston. hispaniola. Theobald. albirostris. Theobald. thornton. Ludlow. Theobald (1904). 65 (1904). Related to Myzomyia funesta, Giles, but easily told by its much darker hue than in the dark varieties of funesta, by the palpi having one small apical pale band only, and by the palpi and the proboscis being much shorter than the body. 9. Head deep brown with grey upright forked-scales in the middle with a slight creamy hue, dusky ones at the sides, a creamy white tuft of hair and scales pro- jecting forwards between the eyes ; antennae deep brown with brown hairs ; palpi thin, as long as the proboscis covered with black scales, the apex only pale; clypeus black with a sulcus across the middle ; proboscis thin and black, apex acuminate and testa- ceous with a few black hairs ; proboscis and palpi not nearly as long as the body. Thorax dull, pale fawn colour in the middle, dark brown at the sides, covered with scattered pale golden curved hair-like scales, a tuft of pale creamy narrow-curved Fig. 8. A. Myzomyia funesta. Giles; B. M. nili. Theob. Apex of ? antennae. ones in front projecting over the head; scutellum pale brown with many brown border-bristles ; metanotum brown ; pleurae pale brown with a greenish tinge. brown hairs. Abdomen black with rich 44 A Monograph of Culicidae. Legs brown, unbanded, with small, simple, equal ungues. Wings mainly black scaled, with three yellow costal spots. spreading evenly on to the first long vein, all the veins dark scaled, except for a small yellow spot at the base of each of the two fork-cells, and at the cross-veins, and another at the lower branch of the second fork-cell where it joins the costa, and one on the costa where the lower branch of the fifth joins it ; fringe dark, except where the lower branch of the fourth and fifth veins join the border, where creamy patches occur ; fork-cells both short, the base of the second posterior cell the nearer the base of the wing, both nearly equal in length, the first sub- marginal cell narrower than the second posterior, its stem as long as the cell, stem of the second posterior as long as the cell; supernumerary cross-vein slightly in front of the mid, the posterior nearly twice its own length distant from the mid. Halteres pale with fuscous knob. Lengih.—3 mm. 6. Head brown with bright grey sheen, the median upright forked scales creamy grey, the lateral dark brown with a median tuft of grey scales between the eyes; antennae bright ochreous brown, with deep brown verticillate hairs, the long apical segments brown, the large basal segment deep brown ; proboscis long and thin, deep brown, the scales closely appressed ; palpi with the last two segments swollen, the apical one ends bluntly acuminate, and is about half the length of the penultimate ; the palpi are brown, except the apex, on which there are grey scales, there are also golden brown hairs on the last two segments; clypeus brown; there are also two bright golden chaetae projecting between the eyes. Thorax deep brown with a greyish sheen, the deep brown also appearing as indistinct lines on the grey area; in front, projecting over the head, is a tuft of long, narrow-curved grey scales, its surface ornamented with golden curved hair-like scales and scanty golden brown bristles ; scutellum brown, pale at the edge, with numerous pale golden-brown border-bristles ; meta- notum brown ; pleurae ochreous brown. Abdomen brown with a median darker line, shiny, with pale golden hairs. Legs deep brown, thin and long, with traces of pale areas at the apices of the tibiae; fore ungues unequal, the larger uniserrated, the smaller very minute, simple, looking like a second spine to the larger one ; mid and hind equal and simple. Genus Myzomyia. A5 Wings mostly black scaled, with three creamy white costal spots spreading on to the first long vein across the sub-costal, the scales are also pale on the base of the fork-cells and at the - eross-veins, also on the lower branch of the fifth and on its stem and on the sixth, fringe dusky, traces of a pale area at the lower branch of fourth and upper branch of the fifth ; first fork-cell con- siderably longer, very little nar- rower than the second posterior cell, its stem about two-thirds the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior longer than the cell by about half the cell’s length ; mid cross-vein a little nearer the apex than the super- numerary, the posterior not quite its own length nearer the base than the mid cross-vein. Fig. 9. Male genitalia with the Male genitalia of Myzomyia nili. Theobald. claspers curved apically, where they are slightly swollen, with a longish median process between the two basal lobes, with three broad sword-shaped chaetae on each side near the apex. Length.—3 to 3°5 mm. Habitat.—Lado (Dr. Sheffield Neave). Jebel Akmet-Aga on the White Nile, also on the Middle Sobat (Dr. Balfour). Time of capture.—February. Observations.—Described from three perfect males. The females were taken at Jebel Akmet-Aga on the White Nile, also on the Middle Sobat. Observations.—Described from two perfect females taken by Dr. Balfour. They bear a very strong resemblance to Myzomyia Junesia, Giles, variety umbrosa, Theobald (vide Rept. Malaria Exp. to Gambia, Mem. X., Liv. School Trop. Med. App. p. 4, 1903). The main differences -are as follows: The palpi and the proboscis are relatively not so long as in M. funesta, and they are all black save for a minute pale apical band, whilst in /funesta there are three pale bands; the wings are much more densely scaled than in funesta, and the fork-cells shorter and with much longer stems than in funesta. I thus think it must be treated as a distinct species, owing to the shorter palpi, and not as a melanic variety. Ab A Monograph of Culierdae. Myzomyia FuNEsTA. Giles. (1900.) Anopheles funesta. Giles. (1900). Anopheles kumasti. Chalmers. (1900). Rept. Mal. Exp. Liv. Sch. Trop. Med. Mem. p. 50, Pl. v (1900) Giles; Handbk. Gnats 1st Ed. p. 162 (1900), Giles; The Lancet, Noy. 1900. Chalmers; Handbk. Mosq., p. 162 (1902), Giles; Mono. ‘Culicid. I., p. 178 (1901), and III., p. 34 (1903); First Rept. Gord. Coll. Well. Labs., p. 68 (1904); Ind. Med. Gaz. XXXVI., p. 361 (1901), Stephens, Christophers and James. Additional localities —Dr. Balfour writes that this common African species has been taken in numbers on the Blue Nile. Colonel Penton also took it on the Jur and at Meshra. Other new localities are :— Kamuli, Busoga in August, Ngo, Gabula’s County, on the: borders of Lake Kioga in August; Sambwa; Ngola Fort, Fig. 10. Male genitalia of Myzomyia funesta. Giles. Bukedi; Lusinga Island, Kavirondo ; Wadelai, Nile Provinces. (Dr. Christy); Natal (Claude Fuller); Senegal; Tanganika. Plateau ; on the Zambesi and Congo Watersheds and up the- Zambesi as far as Lupata Gorge; Philippine Islands (Miss Ludlow, ‘‘Caught in woods, hospital and quarters”); British. Central Africa (F. O. Stoehr). Note.—Stephens, Christophers and James refer to this species. and costalis being found in India. There is no doubt that. neither of these at present occur there. Chalmers’ Anopheles kumasii is evidently only funesta. Genus Myzomyra. AT Myzomy1a rossi. Guiles (1899). Anopheles rossii. Giles (1899). Anopheles vagus. Dénitz (1903). Journ. Trop. Med., (Oct. 1899), Giles; Handbk. Gnats, p. 149 (1900), and _ Qnd ed., p. 311 (1902), Giles; Mono. Culicid. I. p. 154 (1901) and IIL., p. 45 (1903), Theobald; Les Moustiq., p. 178 (1905), Blanchard ; Ind. Med. Gaz. XXXVI., p. 364 (1901), Liston; Zeitschrift f. Hygiene XLI., pp. 80 and 86 (1903), and XLIII., p. 124 (1903), (vagus) Dénitz. Additional localities.—Deesa (Major C.G. Nurse). Abundant in Ceylon (K. E, Green). It may now be said to occur commonly throughout India, Ceylon, Malay, the East Indies and Philippine Islands. It may occur anywhere up to 5,000 feet altitude. Notes on Life-history.—The eggs have a broad fringe passing completely around them. The larvae iu the Museum show the frontal hairs simple. There are six pairs of palmate organs, each consisting of seventeen to eighteen plates with very long terminal processes. In some districts it apparently breeds all the year. It is fond of entering trains, boats and carriages, and is thus. distributed over a wide area. The malarial parasites will develop in it, but it has not yet been found infected naturally. Mr. E. E. Green considers it is the malarial carrier in parts of Ceylon—especially the Batticaloa district. He found the larvae breeding in the brackish lake at Batticaloa town, and on the coconut estates he found them breeding in small water holes used for watering the young coconuts, and on some estates in earthenware chatties sunk at the base of the palms. (Tropical Agriculturist, p. 84, xxvii. 1906). MyzomyIA rossiI. Giles. var. indefimta. Ludlow.* Canad. Entomo., p. 299 (1904). This obscure insect lies between M. rossii, Giles, and M. lud- lowti, Theobald, but differs in the following characters: Wing venation like rossii and very constant; palpal banding and general colour like ludlowii, also constant ; femoral markings like * Miss Ludlow now considers this a definite species. A8 A Monograph of Culicidae. rossii, never like ludlowii ; wing markings very variable, and may resemble either species. Habitat.—Philippine Islands, taken at Bayambau, Mangarin Guimaras Islands, etc. Time of capture —May, September and December. Observations.—Miss Ludlow placed this as a variety of rossti. It seems to me to be an intermediate form between rossi: and ludlowii, and as Miss Ludlow says, most nearly approaches rossie. It occurs with ludlowu at random places in the Philippine Islands. A detailed description given by Miss Ludlow agrees in every way with the specimens she sent me. So closely related are rossit and ludlowi that this inter- mediate form makes one doubt as to whether they are not all one species, but the general character of ludlowit and the fact that its range extends to Malaya, makes me still retain indefimita as distinct. It will be interesting here to see what properly described larval characters will show, but these characters must not be given in a slipshod way that has been done; they must be noted in adult larvae, or any way, in larvae of the same age. I have not seen anything like this variety outside the Philippine Islands, and should not be surprised if it proved to be a distinct species—indefinata. Myzomyia LupLowi. Theobald (1903). Mono. Culicid. III., p. 42 (1903); Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. III., p. 65 (1905), Theobald; Journ. N.Y. Ent. Soc. x., Sep. (1902) nom nud. Ludlow ; idem xi., 138 (1903), Ludlow. Additional localities.—Singapore (Biro, 1902). Note.—This spotted leg Myzomyia closely resembles rossi#, but it seems to be quite distinct. MYZOMYIA PYRETOPHOROIDES. 02. sp. Thorax pale slaty grey, deep rich brown laterally, with a few pale scales in front, and pallid hair-like scales over the dorsum, and a dark median line. Abdomen deep brown, with traces of false pale basal banding; palpi of male deep brown, with four snowy white bands, apex white. Legs brown, spotted with white, and with narrow white apical bands, last hind tarsal dark. Wings with the costa, with four large and two small black spots, Genus Myzomyia. A9 the first two and the fourth spread evenly on to the first long vein ; a few dark spots on the wing field. 6. Head deep brown, with dense black upright forked scales, a small patch of white ones in front; proboscis deep brown ; palpi deep brown with four snow-white bands, one apical, the first two rather closer together than the second and third, the third and fourth still further apart, scanty long brown hairs on the last two segments and the apex of the ante-penulti- mate ; antennae with bright flaxen-brown plume-hairs. Thorax with a somewhat irregular slaty-grey median area, deep rich brown at the sides and with a median dark line, some long grey narrow-curved scales in front, and numerous pale golden curved hair-like scales over the rest; scutellum darker in the middle than at the sides, with golden hair-like curved scales and brown border-bristles ; metanotum deep brown. | Abdomen deep brown, with paler sheen at the bases of the segments, giving a basally pale banded appearance ; clothed with dull golden hairs. ” Legs deep brown, all the femora and tibiae spotted ; first fore tarsal with five white spots, the second and third with narrow apical pale bands; first mid tarsal with five pale spots, no banding to the others ; first hind tarsal with six pale spots, the following with narrow apical pale bands. Wings with five black costal spots, the first small, the third the largest, the second about the same size as the fourth, the basal one as long as the third, but confined to the costa, the first, second, and fourth spread evenly on to the first long vein. Fig. 11. Wing of Myzomyia pyretophoroides. n. sp. o. The third is spread evenly on to the sub-costal, but is broken by a pale spot near the basal end on the first long vein. The costa at the base is black, the area being about as large as the third black spot. Most of the wing dark scaled, but there are pale spots upon the upper branch of the first fork-cell under the pale VOL. IV. E 50 A Monograph of Culicidae. costal spots and at the base of the fork, and another near the apex of the lower branch, another on the stem at the cross-veins, and another at the base ; third long vein pale scaled, with three black spots, one apical (the largest), the other two towards the base ; a mixture of dark and light scales on the branches of the second fork-cell, but the stem all dark ; three large dark patches on the upper branch of the fifth, one at the apex of the lower branch, and another at the base of the vein; sixth with three large black spots; fringe with pale grey spots where the veins join the costa, except at the sixth; first sub-marginal cell much longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem not quite half the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior as long as the cell ; super- numerary cross-vein just behind the mid, curving round to join it ; the posterior longer than the mid, not quite twice its own length distant from it; halteres with pale stem and fuscous knob. Length.—5 to 6 mm. 9. Wing markings similar to the ¢, but the fourth costal spot is smaller than the second, and the basal black area is represented by two small black spots ; the actual base yellow. In the third vein the apical black spot is not so large as the second spot. The apical half of the lower branch of the fifth is dark scaled and the greater part of the apical half of the sixth, Fig. 12. Wing of Myzomyia pyretophoroides. n. sp. @. a few pale scales, but not yellow ones, separating the long dark area ; the first sub-marginal cell much longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem not quite half the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior as long as the cell ; the supernumerary cross-vein nearer the base than the mid and curving round to join it, the posterior about three times its own length distant from the mid nearer the base. Genus Myzomyia. 51 Length.—6 mm. Habitat.—Pretoria (Dr. Theiler). Observations.— Described from two ¢’s and one 9. It can at once be told by the peculiar curved supernumerary cross-vein and the wing ornamentation. The wing scales are as dense as in Arribalzagia or Myzorhynchus. MYZOMYIA CHRISTOPHERSI. Theobald (1902). Anopheles listoni. Liston (1901), (non Giles). Anopheles fluviatilis. James (1902). Anopheles christopherst. Theobald (1902). Proc. Royal Soc. lxix., p. 378 (Jan. 1902), Theobald; Ind. Med. Gaz. xxxvi., 12 Dec. (1901), Liston; Mono. Culicid. III., p. 27, Theobald ; Revis. Anoph., p. 28 (1904), :Giles; Malaria in India, p. 31 (1902), James, Additional localities.—Kangra Valley, 4,800 feet, in May, June and July (A. G. Dudgeon) ; Berars, Ellichpur ; Central Provinces, Nagpur ; Jeypore State, in Goa, Bombay and Aurung- abad, Hyderabad State (Capts. James and Liston, I.M.S.) ; Ceylon (E. E. Green). — _ Notes on habits.—The larvae are recorded as being found in clear streamlets with grassy edges. The larvae in the Museum show the frontal hairs to be quite simple. The palmate organs have fifteen to sixteen lamellae, which have a short terminal filament, one pair occurs on the thorax as well as those on the abdomen. It has been proved to carry malaria in the Duars. The name listont was used by Giles for a large variety of culicifacies, so Liston’s name cannot stand. Myzomyia cCuLiciFacies. Giles (1901. Anopheles listont. Giles (1901) (non Liston). Anopheles culicifacies. Giles (1901). Ent. Mo. Mag., p. 197 (1901), Giles; Mono. Culicid. II., p. 309 (1901); III., p. 39 (1903), Theobald; Revis. Anoph., p. 29 (1903), Giles; Les Moustiq., p. 182 (1905), Blanchard. Additional localities.—Deesa (August), (Major C. G. Nurse) ; Lahore, Mian Mir, Ferozepore in the Punjab; Madras, Ennur, Armagaon on the east coast; Nagpur in Central Provinces ; Jeypore State; Goa; Bombay; Secunderabad, Aurungabad in Hyderabad State ; and in the Deccan. E 2 52 A Monograph of Culicidae. Notes and observations.—This species is seen to vary much in size and position of cross-veins. The larvae occur in “borrow pits” by the sides of railways, in rice fields, and in irrigation water-courses. It is also found in drying-up river beds in the Deccan, and is found in houses throughout the hot and cold weather. It is a proved malaria carrier in the Mian Mir, Punjab, and Ennur, Madras (James and Liston). Colonel Giles (2nd ed. Handbk. Gnats, p. 317) states the abdomen is completely clothed with yellowish and deep brown scales. There are none at all in this or any other Myzomyia. Its Culex-like position when resting is very characteristic. | The larvae have a pair of palmate hairs on the thorax as well as those on the abdomen, but they are not well developed; the terminal filaments are short. Myzomyia TURKHUDI. Liston (1901). Anopheles turkhudi. Liston (1901). Anopheles culicifacies, g. Giles (1901). Ind. Med. Gaz. Dec., p. 441 (1901), Liston; Mono. Culicid. ITI., p. 48 (1903), Theobald; Handbk. Gnats, 2nd ed., p. 330 (1903), Giles; Revis. Anop., p. 30 (1904), Giles. Additional localities——Nagpur, Central Provinces ; Aurun- gabad, Hyderabad State ; Kashmir (Capts. James and Liston, Y.M.8.). Economie importance.—It has been proved that under experi- mental conditions the parasites of human malaria are capable of developing in this species (James and Liston). Note.—Giles, in “ Revision of the Anophelinae,” p. 3, says, “In Mr. Theobald’s Monograph the ¢ is described as Culicifacies.” The description was drawn up from his ¢ type. MyzomyIa. nN. sp. A single much damaged Myzomyia was taken at Bor by Dr. Balfour, but it is too imperfect to describe, I am sure it is a new species however. Its marked feature is the pale grey ventral surface ; the wings have only two yellow costal spots and a yellow apical spot which extends on to the first long vein, another pale spot towards the base of the first long vein, not reaching the costa and the base of the vein yellowish ; a pale spot at the base of each fork-cell, another at the cross-veins and Genus Myzomyia. 53 another at the marginal cross-vein ; on the lower branch of the fifth a long yellow area and another faint one on the stem ; fringe unspotted. Length.—3 mm. Myzomy1A THORNTON. Ludlow (1904). Canad. Ento., p. 69 (1904). Closely related to M. albirostris, Theobald, but has an additional palpal band, spotted legs and wings as in M. elegans, James. ** @ Head dark brown, with a tuft of white scales on the vertex, and white hairs projecting forward between the eyes, a few white scales around the eyes; antennae brown, verticels and pubescence white, basal segment testaceous, a few white scales on first and second segments; proboscis brown on basal half, apical half dull yellow, with a narrow brown band at the apex, extreme tip dull yellow; palpi, ultimate segment white with narrow basal brown band, penultimate also white with narrow basal brown band followed by a broad white one and the remainder of the palp brown, divided nearly in half by a narrow white band. About the middle of the exterior brown section is a small yellow spot, and there are a few yellow scales near the base of the palpus. Eyes and clypeus brown. Thorax light brown, with white (frosty) tomentum, a dark median line, and sparsely covered with golden-brown hair-like scales and a few flat white ones on the cephalad end; prothoracic lobes with brown flat scales ; scutellum light laterally and with a broad dark median line, hair- like golden brown scales and brown bristles ; metanotum brown. Abdomen very dark brown, rather heavily covered with brown (golden brown in some lights) hairs. Legs, coxae and trochanters all brown with a few white scales; femora and tibiae all dark brown with distinct white spots(6 or 7) on the sides; metatarsi on fore legs basally and apically white banded and a ee white spots, first three tarsal segments basally and. apically white banded so as to make rather broad bands, last segment brown, but giving light reflections; metatarsi and all the tarsi of the mid legs have narrow white apical Banda some- times the metatarsi have white intermediate spots and sometimes the band on the last segment is lacking ; ; on the hind legs the metatarsi and tarsi, except the last, have narrow: white apical bands and one or two white spots. Ungues equal and simple. — Wings much spotted, costa mostly dark, a light spot at the apex extending on to the apex of first long vein, and upper fork of second long vein, a second spot a little exterior to base of second posterior cell, a third at the junction of the subcosta, a fourth at some distance from the third and two or three small ones near base of the wing. The large spots all extend on to the first long vein, and there are additional white spots on the first long vein in the area between the third and fourth costal spots, 54 A Monograph of Culicidae. and sometimes between the second and third costal spots, but so irregu- larly placed as to be of little value for identification, the two wings of the same insect varying markedly The wing field well spotted, about six light spots on the third long vein, and the other veins spotted in much the same way, except the stem of the second posterior cell, which is dark. Fringe mottled, the light spots occurring for the most part at the apices of the veins; on the inner (short) fringed scales the light spots occur as far as the sixth long vein, on the long scales the spots are distinctly yellow as far as the fifth long vein, and are merely pale at the apices of the more caudal veins; first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearly one-sixth of its length interior, stem of the second posterior much the longer ; supernumerary cross-vein nearly equal to the mid, which it meets, and the posterior cross-vein somewhat longer and a little more than its own length distant. Halteres white. Length.—3 to 3°3 mm. Habitat.—Oras Samar and Cottobato, Mindanao, Philippine Islands. Time of Capture.—June and August.” Observations.—This species was described by Miss Ludlow from specimens taken by Dr. James W. Thornton. It comes very near my WM. albirostris from Malay, but differs in having spotted legs, an additional palpal band, and in wing markings which come nearest M. elegans, James. It is subject to some variation in regard to the wing spots and leg spotting, not only in different specimens but frequently in the same insect, the two wings now and again being differently marked. Genus CYCLOLEPPTERON. Theobald. CycLOLEPPTERON. Mono. Culicid. II., p. 312 and IIT., pp. 58 (1903). CYCLOLEPIDOPTERON. n.n. Blanchard. Les Moustiques, p. 185 (1905). Noronotricua, Coquillett, Tech. Sc. 11, Bu. Ento. U.S. Dep. Agri. (1906). Nothing further can be added, and no new species have been found in this genus. Coquillett separates my mediopunctata from this genus, and has created a new one (Notonotricha) for it, but gives no valid character. Blanchard has adopted a more accurate spelling, but the change seems unnecessary. Genus Cycloleppteron. 55 CYCLOLEPPTERON GRABHAMII. Theobald (1902.) Mono. Culicid. I., p. 205 (1902), II., p. 812 (1902), and III., p. 56 (1903) ; Mosquitoes of Jamaica, p. 17 (1905), Theobald; Class. Mosq. N. and Mid. America, p. 13, Tech. Sc. 11, Bu. Ento. U. S. Dep. Agri. (1906), Coquillett. New locality.—Cuba. Life-history and habits.—This mosquito is an ardent blood- sucker. Some years, Dr. Grabham says, it appears to be absent on the Lignanea Plain, where he occasionally meets with it. The larvae will live in any stagnant water, and will flourish in an infusion of decaying animal matter. The adult is found most abundantly in March, April, and May The egg.—Upper surface broad. Fringe is well developed at each end, represented by a beaded line at the attachment of the floats. Lower surface with roughly hexagonal depressions. Floats occupy the middle half of the ovum, and are widely separated below. The egg is rather longer and narrower than that of Cellia albipes. A captive female will readily lay eggs, depositing about fifty at a time. These are arranged side by side or in radiating groups of three or more together at the edge of the water. This stage lasts forty-eight hours. The larva.—Colour varies greatly. Dull olive green and bluish grey shades prevail. The commonest type of ornamentation is shown in the diagram. On the thorax is a rough V-shaped mark, with its apex completed on the first abdominal segment. A snowy-white shield-shaped mark with five dark spots on it is seen on the second and third segments, a small triangular one on the fourth, and on the fifth an oval mark with an irregular dark area in the centre. The frontal hairs are very marked. The median pair are simple and long. The lateral pair are bifid, each branch ending in a tuft of hairs. The palmate hairs are on the third to seventh segments inclusive. The leaflets are jagged at the edges, and vary from fifteen to twenty. The antennae are composed of two segments. The basal are very small, the large one with small scattered spines terminating in a bifurcated hair and in two long equal thorn-like spines and three small ones. The two large ones frequently lie side by side, and so look single. In living specimens the surface of the antennal segments is marked with an undulating pattern. The figure of the palmate hairs (Fig. 35, p. 58, vol. iii.) in my monograph should show the leaflets jagged at the sides, and the antennal spine (Fig. 36a) 56 A Monograph of Culicidae. should be double, and the outer frontal hairs bifid and tufted, and there are only five pairs of palmate hairs, not six. He fy ule Fig. 13. Larval characters of Cycloleppteron grabhamii. Theobald. a, Palmate hairs; b, labial plate ; c, frontal hairs (after Grabham). Economic importance.--Beyond being an ardent blood-sucker, nothing is known of this insect. Probably it also is the definitive host of the malarial parasites. Genus FELTINELLA. nov. gen. Head densely clothed with upright forked scales, and a long, dense median tuft of long, thin, wavy scales projecting forward. Thorax with hair-like, curved scales, except for a median tuft in front of narrow-curved scales ; prothoracic lobes with outstanding scales, looking like upright forked scales. Abdomen hairy, except basal segments of male genitalia which are clothed with flat scales ; basal lobe of genitalia, divided into two segments. Wings with rather large, almost spindle-shaped scales. This genus comes near Myzomyia and Pyretophorus. From the former it differs in the form of wing scales, scaled prothoracic lobes, and in the marked bi-segmented basal lobes of the genitalia ; from the latter by the hairy thorax and genitalia again. The female has not yet been observed. Genus Feltinella. 57 FELTINELLA PALLIDOPALPI. nN. sp. Head deep brown with grey scales in the middle, black at the sides and a large grey median anterior tuft ; proboscis deep brown, pale apex; palpi of ¢ clavate, apical segment golden yellow with small basal dark areas and a narrow pale band on the long segment. Thorax ashy-grey in the middle with a median dark line and dark brown at the sides. Abdomen deep brown with golden hair, paler apically. Wings with only two pale spots on the costa, a third basal one not reaching the border, mostly dark scaled. Legs brown, unbanded. 6. Head deep brown with broad, upright, forked scales, creamy grey in the middle, deep brown at the sides, a long tuft of creamy hair-like scales projecting between the eyes. Palpi deep brown with the two apical segments swollen, golden yellow, with a narrow dark basal band to each and to some extent dark scales on one side, the apical one slightly smaller than the penultimate, with scanty golden-brown hairs, the long segment brown, swollen apically where it is golden yellow with a few pale hairs, and with a narrow pale band on its basal half ; Fig, 14, Male genitalia of Feltinella pallidopalpi. n. sp. proboscis thin, deep-brown with a pale apex; antennae grey with flaxen plume-hairs, basal segment dark. 58 A Monograph of Culicidae. Thorax ashy grey in the middle, with slight testaceous tessellation, a narrow median dark line and traces of lateral ones on it, sides deep brown, sparsely clothed with rather long golden hair-like curved scales and an anterior tuft of creamy narrow- curved ones projecting in front; scutellum similar colour with golden hair-like scales ; penieadenia lobes dark with a patch of dark outstanding whiticas apparently rounded apically ; metanotum testaceous with a median dark line; pleurae deep brown with grey reflections and a few pale golden hairs. Abdomen deep shiny brown with dull golden hairs ; basal segment of genitalia with dark spatulate scales ; the basal lobe composed of two segments, the apical one narrower and smaller than the basal, the clasper arising from its outer corner from a deep notch; claspers sword-like and curved, slightly expanded towards the apex. Legs deep brown, unbanded, rather pale basally ; fore ungues very nearly equal and simple, mid very unequal, the larger uniserrate ; the smaller very minute; hind equal, simple, very small, Wings with two prominent yellow spots on the outer costal border and a third which does not actually reach the costal vein ; the first at about the level of the middle of the first fork-cell and spreads evenly on to the first long vein, the second is just in front of the cross-veins and also spreads evenly on to the first long vein, the third is more basal and occurs on the first long vein and on the under part of the costal vein; there is also a small me |, oe ga ; s — wi me 2 5 ay aes Sat sara oe cng oie a ; Ste a Fig. 15. Wing of Feltinella pallidopalpi. n.sp. o&. pale apical spot; a pale area at the base of the first fork-cell, another at the cross-veins, a trace of one on the third long vein towards its basal area and a few pale scales elsewhere but nowhere forming spots, rest of wings dark scaled; fringe unspotted ; first sub-marginal cell considerably longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base slightly nearer the base of the wing, its stem nearly as long as the cell ; stem of Genus Stethomyta. 59 the second posterior longer than the cell; mid cross-vein just a little posterior to the supernumerary, the posterior about its own _ length distant from the mid; scales large, bluntly lanceolate to almost spindle shaped. Halteres pale ochreous. Length.—4°8 to 5 mm. Habitat.—Mount Aureol, Sierra Leone (Captain Grattan). Lime of capture.—February (21. 04). Observations.— Described from three ¢’s. One bears a note “taken in bush.” It is very marked, the golden-yellow banded palpi and quaint genitalia at once separate it. One specimen shows the third border spot reaching the upper edge of costa, the others do not. Genus STETHOMYIA. Theobald. gourn. Trop. Med. V., p. 181 (1902); Mono. Culicid. III., p. 62 (1908) ; Genera Insect (Fam. Culicid.), p. 8 (1905). This genus now contains four species. The character given previously of the mammillated prothoracic lobes is not of any diagnostic value as it is seen in other genera. The main character separating the genus from other Ano- pheline genera is the presence of flat scales on the middle line of the head and the very thin upright forked scales. Three of the four species are Asiatic, the fourth South American. They tabulate as follows :— A. Thorax with a silvery median and lateral lines. Filae ke SCR nai. deas ths ae tide «ee taining arta pa mumba. Theobald. B. Thorax unadorned. , Thorax with long, irregular, deep brown hairs ...... gracilis. Theobald. Thorax with a few white hair-like scales ............ culiciformis. James and Liston. Thorax with hair-like brown curved scales and SOAR MY LOTTO Ue she tas dain fg oo v8 pallida. Ludlow. Group B has the cephalic scales not quite so flat as in A, and may possibly form a distinct genus. 60 A Monograph of Culieidae. STETHOMYIA FRAGILIS. Theobald. The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVI., p. 257 (1903), Theobald; Revis. Anop..,. p. 26 (1904), Giles. Thorax ochraceous-brown ; abdomen, legs, palpi and proboscis deep brown; antennae white with .brown plume-hairs. Legs long, delicate. 6. Head deep brown, with small flat creamy scales between the eyes and partly above; narrow brown upright forked scales behind ; eyes deep purple ; proboscis long and thin deep brown, paler at the base ; antennae with testaceous basal segment, apex brown, remainder white with narrow brown rings and brown plume-hairs ; palpi pale brown, with deep brown scales, last two segments swollen, with a few black bristles ; head united to the thorax by rather a long neck. Thorax bright ochraceous brown, almost nude, a few scattered long irregular deep brown hairs; scutellum pale greyish-brown, nude ; the pale brown border-bristles alternately long and short ; pleurae ochraceous brown with a greyish sheen; metanotum chestnut-brown ; prothoracic lobes ochraceous brown with a few black bristles, very distinctly mammillated. Abdomen very narrow, expanding apically, deep brown to almost black, with longish curved black hairs; genitalia pale testaceous ; claspers long and thin. Legs long and thin, deep brown ; coxae very pale; fore legs with apparently only one claw, which is large and biserrated, one tooth being basal; mid ungues equal, simple, moderately large and curved; hind small, equal and simple and nearly straight. Wings with the veins with pale brown lanceolate scales ; those on the sub-costal, first long vein and basal part of the costa short and rather broad; first sub-marginal cell very long and narrow, nearly twice the length of the second posterior cell, both cells about the same width ; base of the first sub-marginal a long way nearer the base of the wing than the base of the second posterior ; stem of the second posterior nearly twice as long as the cell ; mid cross-vein a little nearer the apex of the wing than the supernumerary ; the posterior cross-vein about half its length nearer the base of the wing than the mid. Halteres with pale stem and slightly fuscous knob, which is curved in the middle. Length.—4 mm. Genus Stethomyia. 61 Habitat.—Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States (Dr. Durham). Time of capture —January and December. Observations.— Described from two ¢’s bred by Dr. Durham. It is a very delicate-looking species, and differs completely from the dark Stethomyia nimba, Theobald (Mono. Culicid. IIL., p. 62). Type in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.). Dr. Durham sends me the following note concerning this species :— “Sunday, Jan. 18, 1903. Larvae and pupae collected about two miles away (from Kuala Lumpur) in a pool in the jungle. Clear water pool, surrounded and more or less hidden by shrubs and ferns; looks as if it might have been a drinking-water dripping well since abandoned, about four feet in diameter and two or three feet deep, near a stream and some dried-up swamp where Culex mimeticus larvae had been caught. Numerous small dark Anopheles-like larvae which all died before transforming ; there were also some quite minute pupae. Only two hatched out.” STETHOMYIA PALLIDA. Ludlow (1905). Canad. Entomo. Vol. XXXVII., p. 129 (1905). Testaceous and brown; thorax unadorned, but with frosty tomentum and hair-like brown curved scales. Legs long and thin, light, with small, thin, brown scales showing purple iridescence or fawn colour. Wings unspotted. Prothoracic lobes apparently stalked. “0. Head light testaceous, a few white flat lanceolate scales on the vertex, otherwise clothed with sparsely set slender hair-like curved brown scales, nearly as long as the very slender fork scales which occur on the occiput. Head shows no sign of having been denuded, and besides the slender hair-like scales it is covered with a short fine tomentum or frostiness such as is often seen in Anophelina. Antennae brown, verticels brown, pubescence white, basal segment testaceous with fresty tomentum ; palpi long and slender, covered ventrally with short fine hairs of the frosty tomentum, dorsally with small flat brown scales, a couple of bristles or long hairs at the apex; proboscis light brown, covered with very thin flat scales and curved hair-like scales, a few bristles at the base, tip lighter, eyes dark brown; clypeus light, with frosty tomentum. Thorax light testaceous, sparsely covered with hair-like brown curved scales and frosty tomentum, prothoracic lobes a little darker, and with curved hair-like scales; scutellum like mesonotum; pleurae light, with a few groups of hair-like curved brown scales; metanotum brown. 62 A Monograph of Culrcidae. 3 7 Abdomen apparently mottled brown and light, but this may be due to drying, and clothed with rather long brown hairs. Legs unusually long and slender; coxae and trochanters light, with a few hair-like curved brown scales. Remainder of the legs light, covered with small, thin brown scales, which, in some lights however, look much darker, with almost purple iridescence, in other lights almost fawn colour. Ungues equal and simple. Wings clear, brown scaled, with lanceolate scales; first sub-marginal cell extremely long, nearly twice as long as the second posterior cell and a little narrower, the stem about half the length of the cell, and a third shorter than that of the second posterior; cross-veins close together, and all about the same length, the supernumerary about half its length interior to the mid, and the posterior about its own length interior to the mid. Halteres, stem light, knob dark. Length.—3°*5 mm. (legs more than 10 mm.). Habitat.—Camp Stotsenberg, Angeles, Pampanga, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Time of capture.-—September (?).” Observations.—This species was described by Miss Ludlow from a perfect specimen sent by Dr. Whitmore, and was caught in the woods. Miss Ludlow says, “ In spite that the prothoracic lobes are not mammillated and indeed seem stalked, the other characteristics point strongly to Stethomyia.” I am not sure myself, as I have not seen a specimen ; but it appears to me to belong to a new though allied genus, for the flat spatulate head scales of Stethomyia seem to be replaced by others. STETHOMYIA (?) CULICIFORMIS. James and Liston (1904). Anopheles culiciformis. James and Liston. Mono. Ind. Anop., p. 122 (1904). Allied to S. nimba, but the ¢ fore ungues are single. “Palpi are entirely covered with brown scales; without any bands; rather shorter than the proboscis. The head is chiefly covered with brown upright forked scales, but there are a few white spindle-shaped scales in the middle line in front; there is no distinct frontal tuft of hairs. There are rather more numerous: and stronger brown hair-like bristles around the eyes and on the front of the head than is usual in other Anopheles. Thorax covered with a few white hair-like scales and many long brown bristles. Prothoracic lobes distinctly mammillated, as in Theobald’s Stethomyia nimba. Scutellum with long brown bristles; in the middle there are a few short scale-like bristles. Abdomen brown, covered with numerous fine golden and coarse brown Genus Pyretophorus. 63 " hairs: Wings unspotted and covered with rather broad spindle-shaped scales approximating in shape those of nigerrimus. Venation as in other Anopheles. ‘Transverse veins almost in one line. Halteres with light stem and dark brown knob covered with brown scales. Legs long and thin, entirely brown, and covered with scales. The male of this mosquito differs from all other Anopheles in that the claws on the forelegs are single and uniserrated. There are structural differences too in the larva which differentiate this mosquito from all others. Characters of the larva.—Frontal hairs simple and unbranched; median hairs very close together and long; the external angular very short. The most characteristic and constant feature of this larva is the peculiar structure of the ‘basal hair. In most ? = & STOTT ASSP ORs ts ll ** “a? x 2 é SEE <= ~ SPINA ae Z ma Ute) KS ve a oe~>=EEeEEeEeeE_E_E_EOEOOeeee Eo eee Genus Megarhinus. 129 Lateral tufts red. 3rd segment of palpus as long as 4th ............ separatus. Arri, 3rd segment of palpus longer than 4th ......... haemorhoidalis. Fabr. Lateral tufts not red. Feet all same colour g and 9°. Caudal tuft brown and golden.,...............00068 mariae. Bour. One tarsal white in hind feet. Caudal tuft steel-blue and white.................. portoricensis. V. Roeder. All hind tarsals white except a black ring at ES ET Se ee Bod ste uan x ew cle > herrickw. un. sp. White or gold band on the ventral side of 8 Bs Be See ae solstitialis. Lutz. White on fore, mid and hind feet; caudal tuft Ge a Se splendens. Wied. Second tarsal segment of hind legs white; CE HES GOIGED. +. ois since was centedages- divine lutescens. Theob. A pale band at base of first tarsal of hind legs; caudal tuft blackish-brown, a few white (a -phenleen Sle bell eT OS dewaldi. Ludlow. Legs unbanded; caudal tuft brown ............ chrysocephalus. Nn. sp. Position of M. inornatus, Walker, uncertain, also M. grandiosus, Williston, and M. rutilus, Coquillett. _ MEGARHINUS FEROX. Wiedemann (1828). Culex ferox. Wiedemann. Auss. Zweif. Insek, p. 1 (1828), Wiedemann; Dipt. Exot. Supp. Il., p. 7 (1846), Macquart; Cat. Dipt. Ins. Brit. Mus., p. 1 (1848), Walker; Bull 4 (n.s.), Div. Ent. U. 8S. Dept. Agri., p. 24 (1896), Howard; Handbk. Gnats, p. 185 (1901), and 2nd ed., p.277 (1902), Giles; Mono. Culicid. I., p. 237 (1901), Theobald; Les Moust., p. 225 (1905), Blanchard. Additional localities —Sao Paulo, Sao Simao, and Bahia Itaparica (Dr. Lutz). MEGARHINUS SEPARATUS. Arribalzaga (1891). Dipt. Argentina, II., p. 133 (1891), Arribalzaga; Mono. Culicid. L., p. 219 (1901), and IIT., p. 114 (1903), Theobald; Les Moustiques, p. 222 (1905), Blanchard. Additional localities. —Sao Paulo and Sao Simao, State of Sao Paulo ; Itaparica, Bahia; Bogota, Columbia (Dr. Lutz). MEGARHINUS MARIAE. Bourroul (1904). Mosq. do Brasil, p. 3 (1904). “Length (without proboscis), 10-11 mm.; proboscis, 7 mm.; wings, 3 } ? > Pp ; S 3. mm. VOL. IV. K 130 A Monograph of Culicidae. Proboscis—TYhin, black ; below on the ventral half are many brilliant golden scales, also blue and red ones. Palpi.—Less than two-thirds the length of the proboscis, with three long segments; the first being more than half the size of the second, which + ey 2 ee ad —. as - oa alia - ee = fei », #¢ - * &* Fig. 30. Fig.-31. Ova of Megarhinus separatus. Arri. Ova of Megarhinus separatus. Arri. Enlarged (after Goeldi). Still further enlarged (after Goeldi). is the same size as the third. Covered with brilliant scales above, blue and purple; golden below with the apex of the segment violet. Clypeus dark with a frosty sheen like the hairs (toros ?) of the antennae. Antennae.—-Shorter than the palpi, only half the length of the proboscis, the verticillate hairs dark, almost black, with many fine hairs and white annuli at the joints; second segment with scales on the basal half. Occiput.— With many dark arn iridescent with green, sky-blue and purple, white and gold, and with some dark hairs with a golden sheen. Prothoracic lobes.—With similar hairs and scales as the occiput, the latter prevalent, sky-blue. Metanotum.—Dark golden colour inclining to olive and divided at the posterior half by a blue band, which passes over the scutellum. The scales are fusiform or oblong, long, densely grouped and very salient, srowing like the feathers of a bird, the centre dark but iridescent, the gold prevalent on the sides of the green and sky-blue; the colours in the line mentioned are sky-blue and dark green. Pleura.—Colourless, with a golden sheen and white mother-of-pearl scales. | Scutellum with prevalent sky-blue flat scales and golden hairs. Metathorax bare, colourless, with golden sheen. Abdomen.—Dorsum of first segment with a greenish, sky-blue sheen, the rest dark violet. With a microscope the oval or spatulate scales are to be seen on a dark ground, densely grouped, overlapping, iridescent in colour. On apex of sixth segment are lateral golden hairs, dark on the seventh, forming a lateral appendice, the eighth segment with golden hairs, the ninth, which is slightly visible, is of a golden hue. Ventrally golden and silver scales prevail, having median sized violet bands. The ground colour dark grey, almost black on the sixth and seventh segments, Genus Megarhinus. 131 Legs of an uniform colour, all but the ventral surface of the femora, which is of a golden colour, the rest violet with blue and red tinges. The four anterior ungues are a little larger than the posterior. Wings long; first fork-cell very short and narrow, its length being a quarter of the size of the stem. The supernumerary and mid cross-veins form a very obtuse angle, the posterior cross-vein is nearly four times its own length nearer the base. Scales of the long veins thin and spatulate, more or less dark, with iridescent gold, purple and blue hues. Note.—This species is a typical Megarhinus which has the threc- jointed palpi, ending bluntly in hairs. It is very like in colouring to Megarhinus solstitialis ; however, it is larger and very much more robust, and the golden colour is deeper. The chief distinction between the ?’s of the two species is in the absence or presence of a light ventral band on the middle tarsus. The larvae differ very much more; that of solstitialis is quite red, that of mariae is red spotted with mother-of-pearl and green on the thorax. Distinguished from trichopygus (described by Wiedemann and Theobald), which is an Ankylorhynchus, and which has the third segment of the palpi pointed; besides that it differs in some other respects. | The posterior end has no lateral fan of scales. Bred by us from bromelia water from the Isle of Ltaparica (State of Bahia).” Note.—I have been unable to obtain this species so have given a translation from the Portuguese kindly made for me by Miss de Mascarenhas of Lisben. MEGARHINUS HERRICKIL Theobald (1906). Megarhinus portoricensis. Herrick (non Von Roder) (1905). The Entomologist, XX XTX., p. 241 (1906), Theobald ; Kntomo. News (1905), p- 281, Glenn-Herrick. Allied to M. portoricensis, Von Roder, but differs in the following respects :— (i) The last segment of the male palpus much longer than the penultimate, at least twice as long, and (ii) the head iridescent bluish green instead of brown with a shiny white border around the eyes, white scales laterally, and azure blue spots in front ; (ii1) the hind tarsals are white except a black ring at the distal ends, whilst in portoricensis the penultimate tarsal segment only is white save for a small basal dark spot. Habitat.—-Mississippi State, U.S.A. Observations.—This species is referred to by Professor Glenn K 2 132 A Monograph of Culierdae. Herrick as portoricensis, but he points out very obvious and marked differences. named after him. The specimens were bred from larvae taken ‘in the cup- Fig. Megarhinus herrickii ( ). Palp and proboscis. 20 One I have placed it as a new species, which is like bottom of a massive iron post supporting one corner of a large water tank. ... Here we found five large, dark brown, very spiny larvae, and also remnants of cast pupal skins, conspicuous for their long spines, made especially pro- minent by the colonies of Vorti- cellae clinging to them. ... We fed the larvae entirely on Culex larvae, and great numbers of the latter were devoured. For example three Megarhinus larvae in four days ate eighty-three large Culex larvae besides many small ones just hatched from eggs. Fig. 34, Head of larva of Megarhinus herrickii. n. sp. Fig. 33. Larva of Megarhinus herrickii. 1. sp. (After Glenn Herrick.) tens.) Fig. 35. Caudal end of pupa of Megarhinus herrickiv. MN. sp. The larvae transformed to pupae on September 28th. The pupal stage lasted four days while that of the third Genus Megarhinus. 133 extended over a period of five days. The anal flaps seem to have a characteristic shape, and the edges, for the most part, are beset with short stiff spines.” The figure is reproduced from that of Professor Glenn Herrick’s (Ent. News, Vol. XVI., Nov., 05). MEGARHINUS SOLSTITIALIS. Lutz (1904). Mosquitos do Brasil, p. 10 (1904), Lutz (in Bourroul). Head dark, with golden, green and blue scales. Thorax with metallic green and bronze scales, an azure-blue line in front of the roots of the wings, and azure blue prothoracic lobes. Abdomen green at the base, metallic violet and coppery red, dark caudal tufts and white lateral spots. Mid legs of 2 with one band. Male palpi purple with a golden patch beneath the penultimate and antepenultimate segments ; a pale golden mark below on the penultimate segment of female palp. @. Head covered with flat azure-blue scales in front with peacock-green reflections, deep brown scales behind, almost grey ones at the sides, with a few black bristles projecting forward the two median ones cross one another. Proboscis metallic violet ; palpi metallic violet, not as long as the proboscis, terminal segment blunt, only about two-thirds the length of the penultimate which is as long as the antepenultimate, three thick black spines at the apex and mauve hues at the joints ; ventrally the penultimate segment has a pale creamy area ; antennae brown, basal segment deep brown, frosty on each side, second segment large densely scaled, scales brown with brilliant metallic hues, the third and fourth densely scaly ; the next seven or eight segments with scales at the region of the verticillate hairs ; clypeus frosty. Thorax deep shiny black, clothed with metallic bronzy green scales, a small area of azure-blue ones in the middle line in front, amounting to a dozen scales or so, an azure-blue area on each side in front of the roots of the wings, in front of the scutellum and over the roots of the wings the scales become much larger and broader especially over the former, and are blue at the sides, peacock-green and bronze in the middle, very small bronzy scales over the usually nude area in front of the scutellum behind these large flat scales; scales of the scutellum mostly pale blue, some green basal ones and some dark ones on the lateral lobes, pleurae with dense white scales; prothoracic lobes blue, with 134 A Monograph of Culicidae. some grey scales; chaetae black; metanotum bright chestnut brown. | Abdomen with basal segment green in the middle, violet on each side with a creamy lateral spot, remaining segments brilliant violet purple, in some lights some of the scales have a brilliant coppery red hue scattered amongst the purple-violet ones and collected more densely on the apices of some segments, basal triangular creamy-white lateral patches, the sixth segment with a lateral apical tuft of creamy-white hairs, the seventh and eighth with bronzy-black tufts, terminal chaetae golden brown ; venter silvery-white with a median narrow purple line. Legs with metallic violet and coppery hues, the latter especially on the tarsi; under side of femora creamy-white to golden yellow ; on the mid legs the second tarsal is creamy-white scaled to golden yellow ; ungues equal and simple. Wings with the first fork-cell very small, its stem three and Fig. 36. Wing of Megarhinus solstitialis (?). Lutz. a half times as long as the cell, its base nearer the apex of the wing than that of the larger broader second posterior cell, whose stem is not much more than twice as long as the length of the cell; supernumerary cross-vein nearly four times its own length nearer the apex than the mid; the mid close to the very long, backwardly-directed posterior cross-vein; scales on the outer border with violet and bronze reflections. é. Head much as in the ? but rather darker scaled ; antennae with deep brown plume-hairs and dense scales on the second and many following segments ; palpi metallic violet above with mauve joints, beneath is a golden scaled area on the penultimate and antepenultimate segments. Apical segment acuminate, not quite twice as long as the penultimate, the antepenultimate not quite as long as the apical one. Thorax much as in the female. Genus Megarhanus. 135 Abdomen similar, but the basal segment has more green scales, the sixth to eighth swollen, bearing the caudal tuft which is deep brown with violet hues, the anterior part on the sixth segment paler than the rest ; fore and mid ungues unequal, the larger uniserrate, the smaller simple ; hind equal (simple ‘). Wing of Megarhinus solstitialis, Lutz. &. Wings with the first fork-cell less than half the size of the rather large second posterior cell, its base much nearer the apex of the wing, about the middle of the second posterior cell ; stem of the former about three and a half times longer than the cell ; Fig. 38, Head of larva. Megarhinus solstitialis. Lutz. stem of the second posterior cell not quite twice the length of the cell ; supernumerary cross-vein nearly four times its own length nearer the apex than the mid ; posterior very long, sloping backwards, a little nearer the base than the mid. Scales with violet and purple sheen. 136 A Monograph of Culicidae. Length.—8 to 9 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil (Dr. Lutz). Time of capture.—June and July. Observations.—Redescribed from a perfect g and ? given me by Dr. Lutz. The black caudal tuft of the g separates it from all species but trichopygus, the palpi, however, at once distinguishes it from that; in the 9 the caudal tuft is black also, but there is a white tuft in front of it on each side. It seems to be the most abundant Megarhinus in Sao Paulo. The larvae are carnivorous and have been taken in the waters of wild bromelias principally Aechmea tinctoria. The males, Lutz states, can be found in woods where they fly about rapidly. MEGARHINUS CHRYSOCEPHALUS. 2. sp. Head entirely clothed with burnished golden scales with coppery sheen. Thorax clothed with golden-brown and coppery scales, an azure blue line in front of the wings; prothoracic lobes mauve. Abdomen metallic violet basally, purple red apically with small lateral basal silvery white spots, caudal tuft of ¢@ deep brown ; palpi purple with brilliant coppery sheen, golden beneath the second and third segments, a white spot at the apex of the antepenultimate segments above. Legs unbanded. Allied to M. solstitialis. 6- Head entirely clothed, with flat burnished golden scales, violet towards their bases, those along the nape deep violet, those at the sides paler, two bright golden median chaetae, the others brown. Palpi deep violet with brilliant coppery-red sheen, apex of first segment white, the acuminate apical segment is not quite twice the length of the penultimate, the antepenultimate about the same length as the penultimate, the next segment smaller, the apices of the segments slightly swollen. Antennae with dense mauve and creamy scales on the large second segment, a few pale golden ones on the next few following it ; plume-hairs deep brown ; proboscis deep metallic violet, thin, labellae long and acute. Thorax deep brown, clothed with broad spindle-shaped metallic bronzy scales, some flat azure-blue ones in front of the roots of the wings ; over the roots of the wings some long flat Genus Megarhinus. 137 scales, pale blue at their base, apple green apically, across the back of the mesonotum shorter flat scales mostly brilliant coppery- red, blue, green and mauve. Scutellum with dense flat deep golden scales in the middle, longer pale blue and apple green ones at the sides; chaetae black ; metanotum brown; prothoracic lobes with purple, azure- blue and golden flat scales (the whole having a mauve tint under a hand lens); pleurae densely white scaled. Abdomen entirely deep metallic violet with small basal white lateral patches, caudal fan blackish-brown, the hairs on the sixth segment pale Legs deep metallic violet with bronzy reflections. Wings with the first submarginal cell small, about two-thirds the length of the second posterior, its stem about three and a half times the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior about one Fig. 39. Wing of Megarhinus chrysocephala. u.sp. o&. and three-fourths the length of the cell; supernumerary cross- vein small, about six times its own length in front of the mid, the long backwardly projecting posterior cross-vein meets the mid. Halteres pale creamy. Length.—8°5 mm. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil (Dr. Lutz). Time of capture.—August. Observations.— Described from a ¢ given me by Lutz under the name solstitialis. It differs considerably from that species, firstly in the head being deep burnished golden yellow, secondly in the white spots on the palpi, thirdly in the marked scutellar adornment, fourthly in the absence of the green basal abdominal segment, and fifthly in the venation. The legs in the specimen were damaged. For beautiful coloration this species vies with all the others. 138 A Monograph of Culicidae. MerGARHINUS? MiINIMUS. Theobald (1905). Journal Bombay Natural History Society, Vol. XVI., p. 287 (1905). Thorax shiny black with metallic bronzy scales, some blue and green scales at the base of the wings; pleurae silvery white ; prothoracic lobes blue. Head bronzy brown with metallic green and blue border around the eyes. Palpi long, acuminate and thin, deep violet; proboscis deep violet. Abdomen metallic violet and purple with creamy lateral spots, the apical segment coppery red ; basal lobes of genitalia deep brown. Legs brown with violet reflections, creamy at the base of the femora and below the femora. g. Head black with deep bronzy brown flat scales behind and over most of the surface with sometimes metallic reflections and with metallic green and blue scales around the eyes. ‘Two black chaetae project forwards between the eyes and one on each side of the median pair. Antennae brown, the basal joint large and globular, black with a grey sheen at the sides ; clypeus black ; proboscis metallic violet ; palpi long, thin, metallic violet, acuminate ; composed of four segments, the acuminate apical one slightly longer than the penultimate segment, the penultimate and the preceding one nearly equal; on the penultimate segment are a few short black spines. Thorax shiny black clothed with metallic brassy flat scales of two sizes, mostly spindle-shaped, with a patch of pale blue ones at the base of the wings and a few rather short black spines ; just behind the root of the wings are some large flat apple-green scales. Prothoracic lobes clothed with flat mauve and pale blue scales ; scutellum black with small flat brassy, green and coppery scales on the large mid lobe, dusky ones on the lateral lobes ; border-bristles brown ; metanotum dark brown ; pleurae yellowish- brown with dense flat snowy white scales. Abdomen expanding apically, metallic, deep blue and violet basally and extending to the last few apical segments which are more brilliant, their bases with green and blue scales, their apical portions with violet and coppery red, the apical segment and to some extent the basal lobes of the genitalia with fiery red and coppery scales; no caudal tuft, but the two last segments have short, dense, black lateral bristles ; on the first segment is a large creamy lateral patch, there are also more or less prominent basal Genus Megarhinus. 139 creamy lateral patches to the other segments ; venter creamy yellow, except for the black apex. Legs uniformly black with metallic violet scales ; fore ungues unequal, the larger uniserrated, of the hind legs also unequal, and apparently simple, those of the hind small, much curved, equal and simple. Wings small, scales brown, those at the base showing violet reflections ; the first sub-marginal cell so minute that it is scarcely perceptible to the naked eye ; second posterior cell fairly large and broad about half the length of its stem; the third long vein carried well past the cross-veins as a scaled vein; super- numerary cross-vein about three times its own length nearer the apex of the wing than the mid, mid cross-vein small, joining the posterior cross-vein which is about five times the length of the mid. Halteres dull ochreous. Length of body 6 mm. ; of palpi 4 mm. Habitat.—Y atiyantota, Ceylon (HK. E. Green). Time of capture.--March (1902). Observations.— Described from a single perfect ¢. Whether it will come in Megarhinus or Toxorhynchites it is not possible to say, but I fancy it is a true Megarhinus. Its small size will at once separate it from all known members of the two genera. It is also peculiar in having spines or bristles in the place of a caudal fan and in the very minute first fork-cell. The abdomen shows all manner of metallic and colour reflections. MEGARHINUS LE WALDII. Ludlow (1904).* Megarhinus waldi. Blanchard (1905). Canad. Entomo., Vol. xxxvi., p. 233 (1904). Les Moust., p. 625 (1905) Blanchard. Thorax dark brown with peacock-blue and green scales, bluish white laterally. Abdomen blue-green, small white lateral spots on some of the segments ; caudal tuft blackish-brown, a few white hairs in front. Legs dark blue, tarsals purplish-brown, a pale band at base of second tarsal of hind legs, one at base of mid first tarsal and also second tarsal ; fore legs all dark. ‘“‘¢. Head dark brown with flat iridescent scales appearing blue and green with a pale blue almost white rim around the eyes; antennae dark * This may also be a Toxorhynchites. 140 A Monograph of Culicidae. brown; plume hairs very dark; basal segment with fine white tomentum, first segment of flagellum long, densely scaled, the scales iridescent purple and white; proboscis and palpi black, a few iridescent scales on the first segment of latter, last segment twice as long as the penultimate and acuminate; eyes blue. Thorax dark brown, densely covered with scales which show peacock blues and greens all over the dorsum, almost bluish white laterally; scutellum coloured as the mesonotum, the lateral lobes paler than the mid; prothoracic lobes scaled as the mesonotum; pleurae dark brown with dense white scales; metanotum dark brown. Abdomen dark, showing blue-green iridescence. First segment with a brown median spot, light blue sub-median and white lateral spots; border bristles very small, the sides with dense white hairs which connect with the dark blackish-brown caudal tuft. ‘Traces of small white lateral spots on some of the segments. Venter dark. Legs with coxae densely white scaled. Hind femora dark blue dorsally, ventrally white; tibiae dark blue ; first tarsals dark; second tarsal basally white banded, tarsals unbanded, showing brilliant purple reflections; ungues equal, simple, rather straight ; mid legs all dark except for a pale band at base of the first tarsal and second tarsal, often scarcely perceptible; fore legs all dark; fore and mid ungues large, unequal, the larger uniserrated. Wings sparsely scaled; scales on costa blue and iridescent. First sub-marginal cel! about one-half the width of the second posterior; stems very long, in the former nearly three times the length of the cell. Super- numerary cross-vein nearly the length of the mid and more than four times its length exterior to it; posterior cross-vein nearly twice as long as the mid, which it meets. Length—11 mm. Habitat.—Salog, Guimaras Island, Philippine Islands.” Observations.—Described by Miss Ludlow from a perfect ¢ bred by Dr. L. T. Le Wald, U.S. Army, from larvae taken on April lst, and hatched April 10th. The caudal tuft should at once separate it from 7’. immisericors and T. speciosa. It is probably a Toxorhynchites. Genus TOXORHYNCHITES. Theobald. Mono. Culicid. I., p. 244 (1901), and II1., p. 119 (1903), Theobald ; Handbk. Gnats, 2nd ed., p. 278 (1902), Giles; Genera Ins. Fam. Culicid., p. 13 (1905), Theobald; Les Moust., p. 229 (1905), Blanchard. Two new species have been added to this genus since the issue of Vol. [1I. and Mr. Ernest Green has worked out the life- history of Toxorhynchites immisericors, Walker, a précis of which is given here under the heading of that species. Genus Toxorhynchites. 141 I believe Dr. Leicester is describing some more species from the Malay Peninsula. Although I have the specimens, they must unfortunately be left until his descriptions are issued. TOXORHYNCHITES IMMESERICORS. Walker (1860). Megarhinus immesericors. Walker (1860). Culex regius. Thwaites Ms. Megarhinus gilesii 9. Theobald (1901). Megarhinus subulifer. Dolleschall (1857 ?). Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond., p. 91 (1860); Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool. V., p. 202 (1864), Walker; Mono. Culicid. I., p. 225 (1901) (immisericors), p. 227 (gilesiz) ; IIT., p. 123 (1903); Proc. Roy. Soc. LXIX., p. 381 (1902), Theobald; Handbk. Gnats, p. 129 (1900), and 2nd ed., pp. 273-274 and 514, Giles (1902); Les Moust., p. 230 (1905), Blanchard; Spolia. Zeylandica, II. Pt. VIII., p. 159 (1905), Green. Ernest Green has given many new details concerning this species (Spo. Zey. IT. Pt. VIIT., pp. 159 to 164, and plate, 1905). He states that it is not an uncommon insect in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya (altitude 1,500 feet). He has also taken it at Pundalu-oya at an elevation of 4000 feet. The adult may be found resting on the trunks of trees, and still more frequently on the stems of the Giant Bamboo (Dendescalamus giganteus). It occasionally flies in at the open window of a room (always in the daytime). Mr. Green states he has never known it bite. Females were kept alive for eleven days on sliced bananas. Life history—The eggs were laid singly and scattered over the surface of the water, and do not tend to run together as those of Anophelinae. The egg is 0°55 mm. long by 0°37 mm. broad, creamy white, the surface closely studded with spinose granules of varied sizes. Some of the ova hatched in two days, dividing transversely across to liberate the larva. Young larvae appear to rest horizontally when viewed dorsally. Their carnivorous habits were noticed. As they grow they become bright reddish above, paler below—head and terminal parts olivaceous brown. Green found that the natural breeding-place was in the hollow stumps of the giant bamboos, and in small pools in the angles of the branches of other trees. The cannibal habits seem to destroy its usefulness as a culex destroyer, for it appears to feed upon all its own race first before 142 A Monograph of Culicidae. it will attack other species found in the same water. When mature the larvae reach 16 mm. long, are dull reddish purple above, paler beneath and opaque. Green found many fully-grown larvae deeply encrusted with Vorticellae. | The figure of the pupa given in Vol. III. is not quite accurate according to Green. It was figured from a rather shrivelled alcohol specimen. The pupal stage lasts five to six days. Green also notices a broad purple-blue median band on the venter : this does not seem to appear in dried specimens. ToXORHYNCHITES LEICESTERIU. Theobald (1904). The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVILI., p. 36 (1904). Thorax with metallic green scales, an azure spot over the wings. Abdomen purple, banded with pale blue. Legs unbanded in the male, banded with white in the female ; the last two tarsals white. ?. Head black, covered with broad flat scales; along the orbital margin is a narrow band of scales broadening out laterally, which are peacock-blue, in some lights they show purple; the rest of the upper surface of the head is clothed with metallic golden scales. Immediately around the nape are a few upright forked scales, dark golden in colour; on the vertex are four golden-brown bristles. Eyes black. Antennae with basal segments black, frosted, naked ; remaining segments black at the nodes, brown at the internodes ; verticillate hairs black. Palpi very short, of three segments, not more than one-sixth the length of the proboscis ; first segment swollen at the base and constricted, the last segment small and nipple-like ; scales broad, spatulate, under a hand-lens dark brown, in stronger light rich blue, except at the tip, where the scales vary from rose-purple to mauve according to the angle at which the light strikes them. Proboscis broad at the base, long and bent, covered with purple and rose-purple broad scales ; at the angle the scales are golden- green and some peacock-blue mixed among them. Prothoracic lobes small, oval, rather prominent; thickly clad with scales which are purple-blue or rose-purple as the position to light is varied, | Mesonotum black, densely covered with broadly spindle- shaped metallic green scales; over the bases of the wings the Genus Toxorhynchites. 143 scales are larger, longer, and spatulate-sshaped. (In fresh specimens the colour is said to be like a green bottle-fly.) If the thorax is examined through a lens, the central part looks dark coppery-brown to purple, while the sides, when the light strikes at an angle, show metallic green—in other lights the scales appear bluish-green or dark coppery-red ; at the anterior margin of the mesonotum is a band of seales which appear violet, rose-purple or purple, according to the light, and below this a triangular patch of silvery scales immediately behind the prothoracic lobes, and over the roots of the wings a patch of peacock-blue scales and a row of short, stout black bristles. Scutellum densely clothed with broad, long flat scales, which on the lateral lobes are of peacock-blue or metallic green, according to the light, and on the central lobe of a dark green fringed with lighter green posteriorly. Scutella bristles short, dark brown. Metanotum, dark brown. Wings brown in colour ; the costa and first longitudinal vein clad with broad, flat scales, which are peacock-blue, golden green, and purple, according to the light; the position of the cross- veins, the size of the fork-cells and the scaling of the other veins is that of a typical Yoworhynchites. Legs with the coxae yellowish, mid and hind clad with creamy scales on their outer face ; fore legs with the upper surface of the femora clad with rose-purple scales ; at the extreme apex is a tuft of long spindle- shaped scales, which are white or peacock-blue ; just behind these are black spines placed in a semicircle ; the whole of the under surface is covered with bright golden scales; tibiae entirely covered with purple scales ; a short distance from the base of the first tarsal is a ring of creamy-yellow scales; the fourth and fifth tarsals mostly covered with creamy scales, the rest of the tarsal segments with purple scales; mid legs, femora and tibia as in the fore legs; the basal half of first tarsal with creamy scales, apical half purple scaled ; all the tarsal segments creamy scaled. Hind legs golden at the base and on the under side, purple above ; scales at apex similar as in the other legs ; tibia purple scaled ; first tarsal purple scaled, except for a broad ring of creamy scales a little beyond its base ; second and third tarsal segments purple scaled ; fourth and fifth creamy scaled ; ungues equal and simple on all the legs. Pleurae dark brown, for the most part covered with silvery grey scales. Abdomen with the dorsum of the first segment covered with peacock-blue scales, in some lights a dark green; the other segments covered 144 A Monograph of Culieidae. with rose-purple scales, basal banding of peacock-blue scales. Venter bright golden, except for a patch of dark scales on the fourth segment ; the last segment fringed with pale golden hairs ; no caudal tuft. Length.—10 mm. gd. Head with a deep depression in the middle line; the scaling is much as in the 9. Antennae banded brown and white ; plumes black; basal segment black; second segment scaled with numerous golden scales, the two last segments dark and elongated. Palpi three-jointed, the first segment with a swollen base, having the appearance of a joint constricted in the middle ; the second scaled with golden scales except at the apex, where there is a narrow band of purple-blue scales ; in the middle there is also a band of purple scales and towards the base there are on the upper surface purple scales. Proboscis purple-scaled, green-scaled at the angle. Thorax asin the 9. Legs with the coxae and under sides of the femora gold-scaled; knee spots peacock blue or creamy in some lights; the remaining parts of legs purple scaled ; no banding. Ungues, fore and mid unequal, the larger uniserrate. Abdomen as in the 9. Length.—10 mm. Habitat.—Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States. Observations.— Described from two perfect specimens collected by Dr. Leicester. The beautifully adorned abdomen, metallic-green thorax, with azure root spots to the wings and the last two white hind tarsals of the female are very characteristic. TOXORHYNCHITES METALLICUS. Leicester (1904). The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVII., p. 37 (1904). Thorax brilliant metallic green ; abdomen deep rose purple, with basal creamy yellow bands ; no caudal tuft. Legs in the male unbanded, in the female the mid legs have a basal creamy- white band; fore and mid unbanded. Male palpi with the second and third segments golden yellow. 9. Head black; a narrow band of creamy-yellow scales along the orbital margin, which laterally broadens into a distinct patch ; the rest of the upper surface of the head is covered with broad flat scales which vary in colour. If looked at from behind, the centre patch looks bronze-green and the scales at the sides blue-green. (fn one specimen the whole patch is a deep rich Genus Toxorhynchates. 145 blue, while the marginal scales are silver.) Immediately above the occipital foramen are a few fawn-coloured upright scales scarcely notched ; a few small bristles are placed on the vertex which look black or purple or even golden-brown according to the light. Antennae with the basal segment black, with a silvery tomentum save for a few short white hairs; the second segment scarcely swollen, light yellowish colour, with a few black spatulate scales on its upper face; the succeeding segments black with white pubescence; the verticillate hairs black. Clypeus black with silvery sheen, notched on either side. Palpi short, not more than one-fifth the length of the proboscis, four-jointed (?) ; last segment small and nipple-like. First two segments with golden scales at the sides and beneath ; the two last segments are covered with scales which are coppery or rose-purple according to the angle the light strikes them. The proboscis is long, swollen at the base ; the scales are purple or coppery. Prothoracic lobes small, thickly covered with broad, flat, racquet-shaped scales of a creamy-yellow colour, with some light-brown bristles. Meso- notum black, thickly clad with spindle-shaped flat scales, which laterally become very broad and blunt-ended, and which in a good light appear of a brilliant metallic green to the naked eye in a fresh specimen. Under a lens the colour varies, peacock blue, bronzy purple, and metallic green appearing intermixed, now one colour predominating, now another, as the fly is shifted to different angles. On the anterior margin are some golden scales and numerous golden bristles, and laterally in front, immediately behind the prothoracic lobes, there is a band of metallic rose-purple scales, and beneath this is a triangular patch of creamy-yellow scales. The two patches meet in a straight line, but the external edges are convex; hence with the pro- thoracic lobe they form a rough ellipse. The upper band is to be seen when looking down upon the mesonotum and is very ornamental. The scutellum is clad with rather long, fiat, spatulate scales, which are coppery, bronzy or purple bronze as the direction of the light varies. There is a tuft of bristles over the root of each wing. Scutellar bristles are brown in colour. The pleurae are dark, glistening chestnut brown, naked in parts, scaled in other parts with creamy-yellow scales. The wings are quite typical; the costa and first long vein are scaled with metallic rose-purple scales. Legs with the coxae and femora light yellow. Tibiae and tarsals much darker ; the coxae, bases and under surface of femora VOL. IV. L 146 A Monograph of Culicidae. clad with metallic golden scales; the upper and lateral surfaces of the femora and the whole tibia and tarsals of fore leg covered with brilliant metallic scales, varying from coppery-bronze to rose-purple or bronze-purple; there are creamy scales at the apices of all the femora ; mid legs as the fore, except for a band of golden scales covering the penultimate tarsal segment ; tibia and tarsals of hind legs the same as the fore. Ungues equal and simple. Metanotum black. Halteres with pale yellow stems and dark scaled knobs. Abdomen with the first segment scaled creamy-yellow laterally, rose-purple centrally ; the other segments brilliant rose-purple, with creamy-yellow banding expanding laterally into triangular patches ; venter scaled with metallic golden scales, except segment four, which has a patch of dark purple scales. Length.—10 mm. gd. Head black, with a deep furrow in the centre; there is a large central patch of flat scales of a bronze-green or golden- green colour; the scales along the orbital margins are peacock- blue, laterally there is a patch of scales peacock-blue or rose- purple according to the light in which they are seen. Antennae with basal segment black, nude; remaining segments creamy growing darker towards the apex; the second segment scaled with spatulate and elongated scales of a dark brown colour ; a few scales show metallic colouring. There are numerous dark brown hairs on the segments ; the verticillate hairs dark brown, almost black, neither very dense nor very long. Palpi three-jointed ; first segment shows a slight swelling at the base, and there is a thinning of the chitin which looks like a joint but is not; there is also a second thinning, and the chitin is folded in more basally ; the whole segment is very long. The second segment is about half the length of the first ; the third is long and pointed, almost as long as the first segment, which is almost entirely golden-scaled except on its upper surface near its base, where there is a patch of rose-purple scales, and a band of the same about its middle, and a few dark scales dorsally at the apex ; the second segment golden-scaled beneath and also the sides, except apically ; the upper surface is purple-scaled ; the third segment is entirely purple-scaled. Proboscis scaled with purple scales to the angle, then green- scaled. The markings of both proboscis and palpi vary. (In one specimen the first segment of the palpus is entirely gold-scaled except for a ring of purple scales on the middle and apex.) Sub-Family Culreinae. 147 Thorax similar to the female. Legs with the coxae and under-sides of the femora golden- scaled. The upper surfaces of the femora and the rest of all the legs are clad with purple scales ; a few pale scales are inserted at the apices of the femora ; fore and mid ungues unequal, the larger uniserrated. Abdomen scaled as in the female. No caudal tuft. A few rather long golden hairs inserted on the two last segments. Length.—10 mm. Habitat.— Kuala Lumpur. Observations—The most striking features are the honey- yellow and purple male palpi, and the single creamy band on the mid legs of the female. Had this species been described from dry specimens sent me by Dr. Leicester, I should have described the abdomen as unbanded, for in the female no traces of bands can be seen as in the fresh specimens. It forms certainly a very distinct species, coming near 7. immisericors, Walker. ORTHORHYNCHAE. METANOTOPSILAE-HETEROPALPAE. Sus-Famity CULICINAE, Theobald. This is the largest sub-family and contains a number of diverse genera. ‘They can easily be seen to belong to this group by the short ? palpi and long @ palpi. They most nearly approach the Toxorhynchites in this respect, but the longer first sub-marginal cell at once separates them. Sixty-three genera are mentioned here. Some more have been added since this went to press. TABLE OF GENERA. I. Eyes and scutellum normal, A. Legs ornamented with dense outstanding scales. a. Head clothed with spindle-shaped and broad-curved scales. 148 A Monograph of Culicidae. 8. Hind legs only densely scaled ......... Genus 1 JAnTHINOSOMA. _ Arribal- zaga, BB. All the legs more or less densely scaled. Wings scales rather thin ...Genus 2 PsoropHoRA. Robineau- Desvoidy. Wings scales large inflated, parti- coloured. Body and head with very long twisted scales...Genus 3 Mucipus. Theobald. aa. Head clothed with flat scales. Scutel- lum with flat scales. Wings with dense scales apically. Hind legs of ¢ with scaly paddles : Genus 4 ERETMAPODITES. Theobald. B. Legs normal, no irregular scales. a Head clothed with flat and upright forked scales only. 8. Scutellum with flat scales. Some flat scales on the mesonotum before scutellum ............ Genus 5 QUASISTEGOMYIA. Theobald. No flat scales on mesonotum. Male palpi long, thin, nude and acuminate. Large ......... Genus 6 Dusvorpya. Theobald. Male palpi thin, acuminate or clavate, hairy. Small...... Genus 7 StEGomy1a. Theobald. 6B. Scutellum with narrow-curved scales Palpi of ¢ acuminate......... Genus 8 PsEuDOsKUSEA. Theobald. Palpi of g clavate.......... ...Genus 9 LUDLOWIA. 2. g. aa. Head clothed with mostly fiat scales but also with small areas of narrow- curved scales and upright forked ones. y. Scutellum with all flat scales. 5. Palpi of @ very short. Head with median row of nar- row-curved scales Genus 10 Scutomy1a. Theobald. Head with mnarrow-curved scales behind ...... Genus 11 Av’pimorpeHusS. Theobald. 55. Palpi of ¢ half length of pro- boscis. Head with flat scales except for some spindle-shaped ones around the eyes ...Genus 12 LercesteRIA. Theobald. “yy. Scutellum with flat scales to mid lobe, narrow-curved ones to lateral lobes. Head with flat scales, narrow- curved ones in median area Genus 18 MacntEayaA. Theobald.: Head with all flat scales except for a median basal area...... Genus 14 Carrouuia. Lutz. Table of Genera. 149 yyy. Scutellum with flat scales on each lobe separated by narrow-curved ones, an apical border of narrow- curved scales .. scant: Genus 15 Popes. Ludlow. Yrvy. Scutellum with flat and narrow- curved scales, none along apical border QE. .ccrce seuree Genus 16 Howarpina. Theobald. Yvvvy- Scutellum with large spindle-shaped : SCARIER. ........5. « --eeeeee Genus 17 HULECOETEOMYIA. Theo. bald. YYYYYY. Scutellum with small flat scales on mid lobe, narrow-curved ones on lateral lobes ............... Genus 18 PHaGcomyia. Theobald. VYVYYyy- Scutellum with spindle-shaped scales on mid lobe, flat ones on lateral lobes ..........+000s Genus 19 PoLYLEPTIOMYIA. Theo- bald. VVVVYYyy- Scutellum with narrow-curved scales all over. 5. Head with flat scales except for a median triangular narrow-curved scale ere er Genus 20 PSEUDOHOWARDINA. 0. g. 66. Flat scales spread around the eyes...... Genus 21 CULICIOMYIA. DN. g. 655. Head with only a double row of narrow- curved median scales ......... Genus 22 NEOMACLEAYA. DN. g. 6655. Head with all flat scales except along | ae Genus 23 Danietsia. Theobald. 56655. Head with narrow-curved scales around ERE OY CS... 52 j { 4 4 ; i ; ; | i} Fig. 48. Siphon of larva of Desvoidya obturbans. Walker. clear running stream. Larvae resemble overgrown Anopheline larvae and are very cannibalistic.” Genus Quasistegomyta. 165 Desvoipya Fusca. Theobald (1903). Mono. Culicid. III., p. 135 (1903), Theobald. New locality — Philippine Islands (Miss Ludlow). “ Bred from larvae taken from water-filled joints of bamboo poles in a fence” (Dr. Whitmore). Desvoipya Fusca. Theobald. Var. joloensis. Ludlow (1904). Canad. Entomo. Vol. XXXVI, p. 236 (1904). Differs from the type in having on the mesothorax a short median line of white, beginning at the scutellum, tapering as it runs to the head and ending just cephalad of a line drawn perpendicular to the wing jomt. Mid lobe of scutellum also white. Twenty-three ¢’s and 9’s taken at Jolo, Philippine Islands, in 1903. It seems to me that this insect deserves specific rank. Genus QUASISTEGOMYIA. Theobald. Sec. Rept. Gord. Coll., Well. Labs., p. 69 (1906). Head clothed with flat scales; palpi short and spatulate in the @ ; clypeus with a distinct carina and lateral prominences. Second segment of the antennae much larger than the following ones. Mesothorax with narrow-curved scales of two sizes and with two pronounced areas of flat scales before the scutellum, one on each side of the bare area in front of it; scutellum with flat scales. Abdomen and legs normal, Wings densely scaled with long straight rather broad linear scales and short broad flat median ones; the branches of the fifth long vein nearly as long as the stem; the fringe long, the median sized scales apparently all crossing the large ones : costal border spiny. The ? palpi are apparently of three segments, the basal one very small, the second smaller than the third, which is as long as the rest of the palp, swelling apically, the apex truncated, on 166 A Monograph of Culicidae. the inner side are two slight notches. In Stegomyia they are the same size apically, tapering to an abrupt acute apex. This genus comes close to Stegomyia, but differs in (i) the marked flat scales on the mesonotum, (ii) the wing scales, and (ili) in the peculiar 9 palpi, and also in (iv) the swollen second antennal segment. The only example yet found occurs in the Sudan. QUASISTEGOMYIA UNILINEATA. Theobald (1906). Sec. Rept. Gord. Coll., Well. Labs., p. 70 (1906). Head black with a median white line; palpi black with white apex ; proboscis black. Thorax deep brownish-black with a median white line, divided by a very narrow dark line, which extends about half the length of the mesothorax, two small white spots where it ends and a white patch in front of the roots of the wings, also a few white scales before the white-scaled scutellum. Abdomen black with traces of narrow white basal bands and large white basal lateral spots. Legs black, base of femora white and with some of the segments with basal white bands. Wings brown scaled. 9. Head black, clothed with fiat black scales with a broad median area of fiat white ones about three and four scales wide, a few snow-white small flat scales projecting between the eyes, bristles black. | Clypeus black, with a distinct ridge which ends in a lateral prominence on each side, nude; proboscis deep black ; palpi black-scaled with snow-white apical scales, swollen apically ; antennae black, basal segment black with a patch of snow-white scales on the inside. Thorax black, clothed with deep bronzy-brown narrow-curved scales, ornamented with a median line of narrow-curved white scales almost hair-like, with a very narrow bare line in the middle showing as a narrow dark line; this extends about half across the mesonotum ; just behind where it ends are two small white-scaled spots, one on each side; over and in front of the roots of the wings is a patch of broader snowy-white scales, behind, bordering the sides and overlapping the bare space in front of the scutellum, numerous irregularly placed broadish narrow-curved scales, and on each side of them near the scutellum a large patch of flat black scales; the whole meso- notum very bristly, the chaetae large and black ; scutellum Genus Quasistegomyia. 167 ochreous with flat white scales and with a few (3 ?) black border- bristles to the mid lobe ; metanotum dusky black ; pleurae dark brown with flat white scales. Abdomen black with dusky black scales, each segment with more or less a narrow band of white scales which are more pronounced laterally ; there are also very prominent large white basal lateral patches, separated from the abdominal bands ; posterior border-bristles small, very pale golden. Legs black, bases and under surface of femora grey to white ; first, second and third tarsals of all the legs basally banded with white, in the fore legs the banding of the second tarsal almost imperceptible (last tarsal of hind legs absent). Ungues equal (simple ?). Wings rather densely scaled with long lateral rather broad scales and with short broad median ones, first.sub-marginal cell longer, but scarcely any narrower than the second posterior cell, its base about level with that of the second posterior cell, Fig. 49. Wing of Quasistegomyia wnilineata. 9. Theobald. its stem about two-thirds the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior cell nearly as long as the cell; posterior cross- vein sloping towards the base of the wing about three times its own length distant from the mid cross-vein ; the branches of the fifth long vein very long, the cell being nearly as long as the stem ; fringe long and dense, especially at the apex, where the scales are broad and sword shaped; the median-sized fringe scales slope across the long ones. Length.—3°5 mya. Habitat.—Sudan (Major Bray). Time of appearance.—September (5.9.05). Observations.—In general appearance this species is just like the Stegomyia scutellaris of Walker. It was nearly placed on one side as such, but luckily the flat scales on the mesonotum at the sides of the bare space in front of the scutellum were noticed. The median silvery line also shows a central dark thin line not 168 A Monograph of Culicidae. - seen in the Eastern species, nor are there the two small thoracic spots. There are also marked peculiarities in the wings, palpi and antennae, so that it must clearly be placed in a new genus. The specimen bears a note ‘bred from a tree,” presumably from a larva taken in a hollow tree. It is said to be a very irritating species. The hind legs were too damaged to describe. The specimen was collected by Major Bray and sent me by Dr. Andrew Balfour. . Stegomyia scutellaris, Walker, is also a tree breeder. QUASISTEGOMYIA GARDNERII. Ludlow (1905). Stegomyia gardnerii. Ludlow. Canad. Entomo. Vol. XXXVIL., p. 99 (1905). Thorax brown, with dark brown median scaled area, a few white scales near head, and a broad white lateral stripe extending about one-half the length of the mesonotum, a large white spot in front of base of wings, caudal half of mesonotum with a short median line of fine white or yellowish scales, and a short one (indistinct) on each side just in front of scutellum ; scutellum brown with white border. Abdomen brown, with white basal lateral spots and four white dorsal basal spots. Legs brown, with basal white spots on some of the tarsal segments. “9. Head densely covered with broad flat brown and white scales. A very broad median white stripe from occiput to vertex, with a dark brown somewhat triangular spot on either side, bordered by white and followed laterally by a brown and then a white stripe; very few or no forked scales; antennae dark brown, verticels and pubescence dark brown, basal segment dark brown, heavily covered with flat white scales ; palpi dark brown with brilliant white tips; proboscis brown, eyes brown, and a white rim around them made of smaller, perhaps spindle-shaped, but not true curved scales. | Thorax: prothoracic lobes brown with flat white scales; mesonotum brown covered densely on the median portion, so as to occupy about one- third the width of the mesonotum, with dark brown spindle-shaped scales, a few curved white scales on the cephalic edge and lateral, a broad white stripe extending about one half the length of the mesonotum, brown scales exterior to this; a large white spot in front of the wing joint, the caudal half of mesonotum dark brown with a short median line of fine white or yellowish scales, and a short indefinite line on each side, just in front of the scutellum, and here the scales become very long, curved and spatulate flat scales, so they fringe out over the scutellum. Scutellum brown, covered with long flat spatulate scales; brown scaled at the base, Genus Quasistegomyia. 169 with a broad white border on the apical edge; pleurae brown, with heavy bunches of white scales ; metanotum brown. Abdomen heavily covered with rather large flat brown iridescent scales, white basal lateral spots of varying size on most of the segments and four white dorsal basal spots—one on the penultimate—is lacking on the antepenultimate and present on the three segments cephalad to this. Ventrally there are heavy white basal spots, so that the venter is at least half white. Legs: coxae and trochanters light brown, white scaled; fore femora white scaled ventrally, otherwise dark brown, iridescent scales, metatarsi brown, with very small basal white spot ; first tarsal segment brown with small basal white spot; second, third, and fourth segments brown ; ungues small, equal and uniserrate; mid femora dark brown with a few white scales at the base, a snow white spot midway on the cephalic aspect, and a white spot near the apex, which under the hand lens looks like a knee spot, but the very apex is brown; tibiae brown; metatarsi brown, with a small basal white spot, a little larger than those on the fore legs; first tarsal segment with small basal white spot, other seg- ments brown; hind femora white scaled ventrally and dorsally, except a large brown dorsal spot near the apex, which however leaves the apex white ; tibiae brown; metatarsi brown, with basal white spot; all tarsal segments brown, with large basal white spots so wide as almost to include the whole segment on the distal segments, but not always marked on the ventral side. Wings clear, with brown scales, the median scales large, broadly truncate and the lateral, which are about twice as long, are comparatively slender and also truncate; the ventral scales more slender; first sub- marginal cell about one-third longer than and the same width as the second posterior; supernumerary cross-vein equals the mid, which it . meets, and the posterior cross-vein is a little longer than the mid and about twice its own length distant; halteres with light stem and dark knob. Length.—About 5 mm. &. In general the male differs little from the female; palpi slender, longer than the proboscis, brown, a small white spot at the base of the ultimate, a slightly larger one at the base of penultimate, a band at base of the antepenultimate segments, and another white spot nearly as wide as the band, near the tarsi palpi not tufted. Ungues unequal, the larger uniserrate, the smalier simple. Length.—3°5 mm. Habitat.—Bulacao, Mindora Islands and Angeles, Pampanga, Luzon Islands, Philippine Islands. Time of capture. — August at Bulacao (Dr. Gardner); September at Angeles (Dr. Whitmore).” Observations.—This species was described by Miss Ludlow from specimens sent by Dr. Fletcher Gardner, taken at Bulacao. 170 A Monograph of Culicidae. Miss Ludlow placed it in the genus Stegomyia, but the presence of flat scales on the mesonotum at once precludes it from that genus. It evidently comes in the genus Quasistegomyia. Although I have not seen perfect specimens (those sent me by Miss Ludlow being much denuded) there is no doubt, from her full and able description, that it comes in this genus. Genus STEGOMYIA. Theobald. Mono. Culicid. I., p. 283 (1901); Moust. et Mal. Infec., p. 62 (1903), Ed. and Et. Sergent; Coquillett ; Mos. do Brasil, p. 2 (1904), Bourroul ; Genera Insect. Fam. Culicid., p. 18 (1905); Les Moust., p. 247 (1906), Blanchard; Class. Mosq. N. and M. America, Tec. Se. 11, U. 8. Dept. Agri., p. 15 (1906). Nineteen species of true Stegomyia are now known. The genus is entirely restricted to those species in which the head and scutellum are entirely clothed with flat scales. Thus several species previously provisionally included in this genus have been excluded. The genus Desvoidya comes somewhere near Stegomyia, but differs in the male palpi, genitalia and general appearance to a marked degree, and the larvae also are very different. They certainly cannot be included in Stegomyia, as Giles would have done, for they are as different structurally from that genus as Stegomyia is from Culex. 3 The following species are known :— Stegomyia fasciata, Fabricius, Syst, Antl., XXXVI., p. 16 (1855). Stegomyia scutellaris, Walker, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. III., p. 77 (1859). Stegomyia africana, Theobald, Mono, Culicid. I., p. 304 (1901) (West and Central). Stegomyia thomson, Theobald, Genera Ins. Fam. Culicid., p. 18 (1905) (N. W. Provinces, India). Stegomyia grantii, Theobald, Mono. Culicid. I., p. 306 (1901) (Sokotra). Stegomyia nigeria, Theobald, idem, I., p. 303 (Bonny, West Africa). Stegomyia crassipes, Van der Wulp, Dipt. Mid. Sum., p. 9 (Burma and Soeroelangoen). Stegomyia argenteopunctata, Theobald, Mono. Oulicid. I., p. 316 (1901) (Mashonaland). Stegomyia (?) punctolateralis, Theobald, Entomologist, XXXVI., p. 156 (1903) (Queensland). Genus Stegomyia. 171 Stegomyia amesii, Ludlow, Journ. N. York Ent. Soc., p. 139 (1903) (Philippine Islands). Stegomyia W-alba, Theobald, Ann Mus. Natio. Hung. III., p. 74 (1905) (India). Stegomyia pseudonivea, Theobald, idem, p. 75 (Singapore). Stegomyia simpsoni, Theobald, Entomologist, XXXVIII., p. 224 (1905) (Transvaal). Stegomyia poweri, Theobald, Journ. Eco. Bio. I., p. 18 (1905) (Natal). Stegomyia annulirostris, Theobald, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. XVI, p. 239 (1905) (Ceylon). Stegomyia mediopunctata, Theobald, idem, p. 240 (Ceylon). Stegomyia (?) brevipalpis, Giles, Handbk. Gnats, 2nd ed., p. 384 (N. W. Provinces, India). Stegomyia (?) periskeleta, Giles, Handbk. Gnats, 2nd ed., p. 371 (1902) (India). ; Stegomyia argenteomaculata, n. sp. (Narcodam Islands). SYNOPSIS OF STEGOMYTA. A. Proboscis banded. a. Legs basally banded. Thorax brown with scattered creamy white scales ............ annulirostris. Theobald. Thorax black with narrow- curved golden scales............ periskeleta, Giles. aa. Legs with basal and apical banding. Fore legs with no bands; mid with apical and basal bands on first tarsal and second tarsal; hind with basal bands. Thorax white in front with a brown eye-like spot on each BUS ..5ni.< cvatsiipn eibaeaicte tis eerie thomson. Theobald. AA, Proboscis unbanded. B. Legs basally banded. y. Abdomen basally banded. Thorax with one median silvery white NHne. |, .«iuabensdesiades scutellaris. Walker. Thorax with 2 median yellow lines and lateral curved , silvery lime@ cA wiki. nde fasciata. Fabricius. Thorax with 2 short median pale lines and a white patch ON GACH, BIAG: a5 bb ship asbaigdads op \) nigeria. Theobald. Thorax with a white W-shaped area in front, a prolongation curved on each side enclosing a brown eye-like spot ......... W-alba. Theobald. 172 A Monograph of Culicidae. Thorax with 2 lateral white spots, the front one the largest, a small median one near head, 2 yellow median lines and a short silvery one on each side before scutellum simpsoni. Theobald. Thorax with a silvery white scaled area in front and an- other each side in front of WHS - access wccndesekeciedee ll argenteomaculata. 0. sp. Thorax with a median yel- lowish-white line, a silvery patch on each side in front of the wings extending as a fine yellow line to scutellum and another silvery spot before base of each wing ............... powert. Theobald. yy. Abdomen unbanded. Third hind tarsal nearly all white. Thorax with 2 lateral white marks directed upwards ...... africana. Theobald. 8B. Legs with white lines as well as basal bands. Thorax brown with white lines; abdomen with basal bands ... grantii. Theobald. BBB. Fore mid legs with apical bands; hind | basal. Fourth tarsal of hind legs | nearly all white...............0+. mediopunctata. Theo- bald. 8888. Legs unbanded. 5. Abdomen basally banded. Thorax with front half silvery white, remainder bronzy- | a pseudonivea. Theobald. 55. Abdomen unbanded. Thorax with six silvery spots argenteopunctata. Theo- bald. 585. Abdomen with apical white lateral spots. Thorax unadorned, except for pale scaled lines laterally ... pwnetolateralis. Theo- bald. 5855. Abdomen with basal white lateral spots. Thorax with two pale indistinct median parallel lines and 2 silvery lateral spots ............ minuta. Theobald. Genus Stegomyta. 173 Thorax unadorned ............06+ amesit. Ludlow. AAA, Proboscis yellow basally, dark apically. Abdomen with apical pale SFHLG “reset ereueshs «Et aceeessaaanee crassipes. Vander Wulp. STEGOMYIA ANNULIROSTRIS. Theobald (1905). Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. XVI., p. 239 (1905). Head creamy grey; proboscis black with a median white area. Thorax brown with creamy white scales scattered over it, most dense in front ; pleurae brown with white puncta. Abdomen deep brown, the third, fourth and fifth segments with basal median triangular white spots, apical segments yellow-scaled, lateral white median spots to all the segments. Legs with very narrow pale basal bands to some of the fore and mid tarsals, broader ones on the hind pair; knee spots snowy white, also base of hind femora. Q. Head covered with flat silky creamy grey scales which have a rusty brown hue at the sides when seen in some lights Proboscis black with a clear median white band. Palpi short, black-scaled, the apex apparently truncated. Antennae brown, basal segment testaceous. Thorax black clothed with rather long, thick silky white and creamy narrow-curved scales, most densely in front and rather broader scales in front of the scutellum ; golden-brown bristles project over the roots of the wings; scutellum covered with small flat white scales and with golden-brown border-bristles ; metanotum reddish-brown ; pleurae brown with patches of white scales. Abdomen deep blackish-brown, the third, fourth and fifth segments with a basal white median spot, somewhat triangular on the fourth and fifth segments, the apical segments with yellowish and creamy scales, except the extreme apex which is black, no markings dorsally on the first and second segments, each segment with lateral median white spots ; border-bristles small pale golden. Legs brown with some basal white bands: on the fore legs there is a narrow band at the base of the first, second and third tarsals ; the base of the femora paler than the remainder ; in the mid legs traces of similar pale bands and a white prominent knee spot, on the under side the foot is shiny creamy white; in the hind legs the greater part of the femora are white, the apex only dark and the white basal bands on the first tarsal and next 174 A Monograph of Culicidae. three tarsals broader than on the other feet ; fore and mid ungues equal, uniserrated, the hind equal and simple. Wings with brown scales, fork-cells short, upper border darker than the rest of the wing; first sub-marginal longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior cell, its stem nearly as long as the cell, stem of the second posterior cell as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein some distance from the mid cross- vein. Lateral vein-scales rather long. Halteres with pale stem and fuscous knob. Length.—4 mm. Habitat.—Peradeniya, Ceylon. (E. E. Green). Time of capture —January (1902). Observations.— Described from a single 9. It differs from all known Stegomyias that have a banded proboscis in its thoracic ornamentation. The mid tarsi look all dull white in some lights; this is due, I fancy, to the ventral surface of the segments being pale-scaled. The thorax is slightly rubbed, but is evidently entirely covered with pale scales which now and again present the same rusty hue as that seen in the head scales. STEGOMYIA THOMSONI. Theobald (1905). Gen. Ins. Fam. Culicid., p. 18 (1905). Front of thorax silvery white with a brown eye-like spot on each side, rest of mesonotum with many white scales, but with some yellowish-brown ones over the root of wings; head silvery white ; proboscis black with a broad median white band ; abdomen blackish with basal white dagger-shaped median patches ; fore legs brown with a white spot on base of first tarsal ; mid legs with first tarsal white basally and apically, also the second tarsal; hind legs with white apical femoral spot, a white spot on basal half of tibia, base of first tarsal broadly white, and the other segments with basal white bands. 9. Head black mostly covered with large flat snow white scales, with a dark patch on each side, and black bristles project- ing forwards over the eyes ; palpi jet black ; proboscis black with a snow white median band ; antennae black with pale internodes, basal and second segment black-scaled. Thorax blackish-brown and snowy white, ornamented as follows: Prothoracic lobes white with strong black curved Genus Stegomyia. 175 bristles ; mesonotum with the front half clothed with narrow curved silky white scales with a brown scaled eye-like spot on each side of the pale area and some brown scales in front, and black bristles projecting over the head, back part of mesonotum with mostly white scales, but having a pale-brown scaled median area and another on each side over the roots of the wings ; the pale brown scales much narrower than the white; numerous brown bristles over the wing roots; scutellum densely clothed with flat snowy white scales and with golden-brown border- bristles, five large and five pallid small ones to mid lobe ; pleurae brown with snowy puncta ; metanotum deep brown. Abdomen deep brown with basal white median spots, variable, some almost bands, others triangular, on the apical segments these pale areas spread over most of the segments and have mixed with them yellowish scales ; there are also prominent white basal lateral spots ; first segment all dark with pallid hairs ; border-bristles pallid. Legs black banded with white as follows: fore legs with narrow tibial band near base, first, second and third tarsals with narrow basal pale bands ; mid legs with a pale band near base of femora, a snowy white apical spot, a white band near base of tibia, the base of the first three tarsals white ; hind legs very similar, but the basal half of the femora is white, and all the tarsals have basal white bands ; ungues of fore and mid legs uniserrated (teeth very basal), hind equal and simple. Wings with dense brown scales of typical form; first sub- marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its stem about two-thirds the length of the cell, its base nearly level with that of the second posterior cell; second posterior cell opening out towards the edge of the wing, its stem as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein about two and a half times its own length distant from the mid. Halteres with white stem and black and white knob. Length.—3°5 mm. Habitat—N. W. Provinces, India (Capt. Wyville Thomson). Observations.—Described from a single perfect 9. Easily distinguished from annulirostris by the apical and basal leg banding. 176 A Monograph ‘of Culicidae. SteGoMYIA FasciaTA. Fabricius (1805) (non Villiers 1789). Culex fasciatus. Meigen (1805). Culex calopus. Meigen (1818 2). Culex frater. Desvoidy (1827). Culex taeniatus. Wiedemann (1828). Culex konoupi. Brullé (1832). Culex formosus. Walker (1848). Culex excitans. Walker (1848). Culex viridifrons. Walker (1848). Culex inexorabilis. Walker (1848). Culex annulitarsis. Macquart (1848). Culex excitans. Walker (1856). Culex impatibilis. Walker (1860). Culex zonatipes. Walker (1861). Culex bancroftit. Skuse (1886). Culex mosquito. Arribalzaga (1891). Culex elegans. Ficalbi (1896). Culex rossii. Giles (1899). Mém. de la Soc. d’Hist. Nat. d. Paris, ITI., p. 406, 14; p. 407; p. 408, 25, Rob. Desvoidy (1827) ; Gen. des Ins. Paris, pl. IT., fig. 1 (1831), Guérin- Meneville and Percheron; Expedit. Sci. d. Morée, sec. Sc. Physiques Zoology, 1st Part (1832) (Konoupi), Brulle; Berlin Ent. Zeitschrift, XXXI., p. 73 (1887), Von Roder; Revis. Sist. del fam. del Culicid. EKurop., p. 241, 5 and 6; p. 246, 7, and Bull. del Soc. Ent. Ital. XXXT., p. 203, 12 (1899), Ficalbi; Bull. No. 4, n. se., U.S. Dep. Agri. Div. Ent. Mosq., p. 22 (1896), Howard; Bull. No. 25, n. se., ibidem, pp. 30: and 31 (1900), Howard; Journ. Trop. Med. II., p. 64, fig. 2 (1899), Giles; Handbk. Gnats, p. 216,18; p. 220,14; p. 224, 16; p. 264, 18; p. 230, 22; p. 231, 24; p. 232, 25; p. 235, 25; p. 237, 30; p. 244, 3853. p. 255, 48; p. 283, 78; p. 286, 85; p. 287, 86 (1900), Giles; Journ. Trop. Med. IV., p. 159 (1901), Giles; Hndbk. Gnats, 2nd ed., p. 372, 4 (1902), Giles; Thése de Paris (1901), Macdonald; Mono. Culicid. I., p. 289 (1901), and III., p. 141 (1903), Theobald; Mem. IV. Liv. Sch. Trop.. Med., p. ili. (1901), Theobald; Proc. Roy. Soc. LXIX., p. 383 (1902), Theobald; Les Moust., p. 249 (1905), Blanchard; Public Health Reports, Vol. XVIII., Nov. 13, No. 46 (1903), and idem Revis, Sep. 10 (1905), Howard; Mosq. do Brasil, p. 6 (1904), Bourroul-Lutz ; Tech. Se. 11, U. S. Dept. Agri. Bu. Ent., p. 17 (1906), Coquillett; 20th Rept. St. Ento. N. York St. Mus., p. 489 (1906), Felt; Bull. 79, Ent. 22, N. York St. Mus., pp. 246%, 3365, 379%, 381° (1904), Felt; Mosq. Jamai., p. 19 (1905), Theobald and Grabham; Ann. Mus. Nation. Hung. III., p. 73 (1905), Theobald; Os. Mosq. no Para., p. 96 (1905), Goeldi.* * Earlier references given in Vols, I. and III. Genus Stegomyia. 177 Additional localities.—Poros, Greece (Kriiper) ; Cyprus, Larnaka (Bordan) ; Ceylon (E. E. Green) ; Cairo (F. Willcocks) ; Khartum and the Nile generally (Dr. A. Balfour); Ismailia (Prof. Ross and Sig. Gorgas); Port Said (Prof. Ross); Callao, Peru ; Guayaquil, Ecuador ; Valparaiso, Chile (Miss Ludlow) ; Ancon, Culebra and Colon Panama; Ceiba and Puerto Cortez, British Honduras ; Bluefields, Nicaragua; Limon and Bocas del Tora, Costa Rica; Livingston, Puerto Barrios, Guatemala; Tampico, Acapulco, Juanajuata, Frontera, Vera Cruz, La Paz, Lower California, Coatzocoalcos, Pachuca, Tuxpan, Nautla, Tlacotalpam, Mazatlan, San Blas, Carmen, Cozumel, Champoton, Perihuete, Las Penas, Tepic, Pochutla, Progress, Monterey, Cordoba, Orizaba, Salina Cruz, Saltillo, Ciudad Victoria, Linares, Merida, Tonala, Rincon Antonio, all in Mexico (Dr. L. O. Howard). It is also recorded from the following States in North America: Kentucky, Illinois, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Texas, South Carolina, Arizona, Maryland, North Carolina, Indiana, Missouri ; in the Bahama Islands at the following places: Nassau, Spanish Wells, Harbour Island, Current, Tarpon Bay, San Salvador, Long Island, and Government Harbour ; from Habana, Guantanamo, Daiquiri, Baracoa, San Antonio de los Barros, Cayamas, ‘‘ Yaquaramoa,” Santiago, Caimanera, Batabano, Santiago de los Vegas, Quemados and the Isle of Pines in Cuba; at Apia in Samoa; Honolulu and Hilo, Hawaiian Islands (Dr. L. O. Howard and Mr. Terry) ; Philippine Islands on Mindano, Panay (Miss Ludlow) ; Santa Cruz, Teneriffe (Dr. Grabham); Siam, Perak, Singapore and ports along Malay Peninsula (Mr. Skeat, Dr. Durham, Dr. Daniels, etc.) ; Celebes; New Guinea; at Batavia, Soekaboemi, Garvet in Java (Prof. Marlatt); Palestine (Dr. Cropper) ; Komatipoort, Transvaal (Dr. Bostock); Transvaal (C. B. Simpson) ; French Guiana (Dr. Dye); many localities in Brazil (Drs. Lutz, Goeldi, Fajardo) ; Mauritius (Macquart) ; Bermuda (F. V. Theobald) ; Pitcairn Islands (Lord Crawford). Note on Synonomy.—Unfortunately the name by which this important mosquito is now universally known has to sink. The specific name fasciata was used for a Culex by Villiers in 1789, and thus antedates Fabricius’ name. Iam not at all sure that Meigen’s calopus is this species, but Blanchard and Coquillett assume it to be so. The description does not well apply. There is no doubt that Desvoidy’s frater is and it will possibly prove that this will be the correct name. It would be far better, VOL. IV. N 178 A Monograph of Culicidae. however, to retain the name given by Fabricius and to abolish Villiers’ species, as the description is unintelligible and the type has long ago ceased to exist. To save endless confusion the term by which this species is universally known is retained here. — Regarding its distribution and possible spread Howard* says: ‘‘We may expect to find this species everywhere in the moist tropical zone, or at all events, when introduced at any point within the low moist tropics, it may be expected to establish itself.” It is interesting to note that at present this species is confined in Malay to the ports only. Some excitement has arisen from the fact of this insect being carried in banana ships, that it might and even had invaded & Fig. 50. Stegomyia fasciata. Fabricius. a, Labial plate of larva; b, caudal fan of pupa; c, siphon of pupa; d, antenna of larva. England. All such cases reported have proved erroneous, the mosquito in question proving to be one of our native species. It is very unlikely that fasciata would live here if they survived the sudden change of temperature coming from Central America. or the West Indies in the banana ships. It is interesting to note, however, that it seems to have invaded New Orleans in that way, and to have occasioned the recent great outbreak of yellow fever there. Professor Rubert Boyce and others have shown that in New Orleans and other neighbouring cities and towns fasciata breeds in the large water cisterns seen behind nearly every house, * Concerning the Geographical Distribution of the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Public Health Reports, Vol. XVITI., No, 46, 1903; revis. Sept. 10, 1905, p. 8. + Report Inj. Insects (1906), p. 106, Theobald. Genus Stegomyia. 179 and that by treating these collectively the Tiger Mosquito may soon be stamped out. STEGOMYIA SCUTELLARIS. Walker (1859). Culex scutellaris. Walker (1859). Culex variegatus. Doleschall (1888) (non Schrank 1781). Culex albopictus. Skuse (1895). Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. III., p. 77 (1859), Walker; Natuurkundig, Tijdschr. v. Ned. Ind. XVIL., p. 77 (1858), Doleschall; Ind. Mus. Notes, III., 5, p. 20 (1895), Skuse; Les Moustiques, p, 7 (1900), Darutz de Grandpré and d’Emmerez de Charmoy; Mono. Culicid. I., p. 298 (1901), and III., p. 144 (1903), Theobald; Proc. Roy. Soc. LXIX., p. 483 (1902), Theobald; Les Moust., p. 257 (1905), Blanchard; Ann. Mus. Nation. Hung. III., p. 73 (1905), Theobald. Additional localities—Philippine Islands (Miss Ludlow) ; Sarawak (Dr. Barker, P.M.O.); Pitcairn Islands (Lord Crawford) ; New Guinea at Leleo, Berlinhafen, Stephansort, Astrolabe Bay, Muina (Biré); Ins. Deslacs and Ins. Graget (Bir6). Notes.—This proves to be a very abundant species in Malay,, and breeds in bamboos. It occurs in houses as well as a wild species. Dr. Barker, P.M.O., writes me that it is abundant out of doors in Sarawak, where there is much wndergrowth, and does, not go to houses at night, and not much during the daytime. STEGOMYIA SCUTELLARIS. Walker. Variety samarensis. Ludlow (1903). ; Journ. N. York Ent. Soc., Sept. (1903); Canad. Ento. Vol. XXXYVI., p. 71 (1904). This variety differs from the type as follows :— (i) Has two white lateral bands on head; no bands on antennae of female. (ii) Silvery median thoracic line extends nearly the whole length of the mesonotum, tapering from the cephalic end to just in front of the scutellum, where it divides, forming two short, very fine, sub-median lines ; there is also a narrow straight white line on N 2 180 A Monograph of Culrcidae. each side, exterior to these, extending cephalad from the scutellum about one-third of the length of the mesonotum, dividing its width almost exactly into quarters. (iii) Femora of hind legs are white at the base, with a white line reaching almost to the knee; on fore and mid legs this line is not so distinct, nor is it so long ; the first tarsal of the hind legs has a basal white band, and those of the fore and mid legs a basal white spot. (iv) The first sub-marginal cell varies in length, but is as long as, usually longer, and sometimes more than twice as long as the stem. Habitat—Samar, Leyte and Mindoro in the Philippine Islands ; Camp McKinlay, Hawaii (Miss Ludlow). It appears to be generally common in the Philippine Islands. Stecomyi1A W-auLBaA. Theobald (1905).: Ann. Mus. Natio. Hung. III., p. 74 (1905). Thorax rich brown, with a white, W-shaped area in front, a prolongation of this on each side bends round before the wing, enclosing an isolated brown patch on each side ; scutellum white. Head white, with a black patch on each side. Abdomen black, with narrow basal white bands and large white lateral spots. Legs with tarsal segments with basal white bands, except the last two tarsals; mid femora with a prominent white median spot ; hind femora with basal two-thirds creamy, apex silvery. 9. Head clothed with flat silvery white scales in the middle, a large black patch on each side, with a small white spot near the ocellus on each, and white scales again at the sides, and to some extent a narrow white border around the eyes, a tuft of white scales projecting between them, a few dusky upright forked scales on the nape, and black bristles projecting over the eyes. Palpi black, apical half snowy white; proboscis rather short, deep krown; antennae brown, basal segment with white scales. Thorax dark brown, ornamented with rich chestnut-brown and silvery white rather large narrow-curved scales, the white ones forming a solid W-shaped area in front, and a white line curving round in front of the wing to the pleurae on each side, enclosing an oval chestnut-brown area, and a few scattered white rr i ee Genus Stegomyia. 181 scales in front of the scutellum; the white scales apparently slightly broader than the brown; scutellum with flat scales, the basal ones black, the apical silvery white; border-bristles rich brown, five (?) to the mid lobe; there are also numerous long brown bristles over the roots of the wings; metanotum deep brown; pleurae brown with large silvery-white puncta ; pro- thoracic lobes with white scales. Abdomen black, with narrow basal white bands which spread out slightly at the sides, large basal white lateral spots ; venter dark with basal white bands. | Fore legs dark brown, the first, second and third tarsals with Fig. 51. B Stegomyia W-alba. Theobald. A, thorax ; B, head ; C, femora of 9°. narrow basal white bands, and there is a white spot beneath the apex of the femora; mid legs with a prominent round white spot on one side in the middle of the femora; apex of femora white ; first, second and third tarsals basally white banded ; the hind femora pale yellow, on their basal two-thirds, apex white, remainder deep brown ; tarsal segments with broad white bands ; ungues of the fore and mid legs rather small, equal, uniserrated, tooth fine. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior cell, its stem about half the length of the cell, its base about level with the base of the second posterior cell, stem of the latter as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein nearly three times its own length distant 182 A Monograph of Culicidae. from the mid cross-vein ; halteres with yellow stem and black knob. Length,—3°8 mm. Habitat.—India orientalis (Bird, 1902). Observations.— Described from a single perfect female. It can be told at onee from all known Stegomyiae by the marked thoracic adornment, the large solid white W-shaped mark in front being easily noticed, also by the prominent round white spot on the side of the mid femora. STEGOMYIA SIMPSONI. Theobald (1905). The Entomologist, Vol. XXXIX., p. 224 (1905). Head black, with a median white area and white at the sides. Proboscis black, unbanded. Thorax deep brown with a large silvery-white anterior lateral patch, a smaller one behind just before the root of the wing, a small silvery median spot close to head, two yellowish median lines, a short silvery one on each side of the bare space in front of the scutellum, which has silvery white scales in three patches. Pleurae with white puncta. Abdomen blackish with basal silvery-white bands. Legs basally banded white. | | 9. Head clothed with black scales except for a median white area and grey lateral areas, a few white scales bordering the eyes. Antennae deep brown, basal segment black with a patch of silvery-white scales on the inside ; clypeus and proboscis black. Palpi black sealed with white scaled apices. Thorax black, clothed with bronzy, broad, elongate curved scales and ornamented with a large pateh of broader silvery- white scales on each side, in front a smaller patch on each side just before the roots of the wings, and a small white median spot mear the head, from which run two parallel dull yellow median lines to the bare space in front of the scutellum and a short silvery line on each side over the roots of the wings ; the sides of the bare space in front of the scutellum bordered with white ; prothoracic lobes with flat white scales. Scutellum with large median lobe, with black scales basally, a prominent border of silvery-white ones, lateral lobes with large flat white ones ; border-bristles brown. Metanotum deep brown. Pleurae deep brown with prominent silvery puncta. —— = ——— I —eee Genus Stegomyia. 183 Abdomen deep blackish brown with silvery-white basal bands, except the first segment, which is all deep brown with pallid bristles, large basal white lateral spots to each segment. Legs with anterior femora and tibiae black, first and second tarsals with broad basal white bands, last three tarsals black, a trace of a pale basal band on the tibia; in the mid legs the femora are pale at the base and have a small round white spot towards the apex which is white, remainder as in fore legs ; hind legs with femora white along the basal half, an oval elongate silvery spot towards the apex, the latter snowy white, base of first, second and third tarsals broadly white banded, fourth tarsal all black, fifth pure white. Ungues all equal and simple. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing than that of the second posterior, its stem about one-third the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior about as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein about two and a half times its own length distant from the mid cross-vein ; the median vein seales on the fifth, where the branch arises, in two prominent lines. Halteres with pallid base and dusky scaled knob. Length.—3°5 to 4°5 mm. g. Thoracic adornment simi- lar to that of the female. Palpi black with a white patch at the base of the two apical segments on one side only, that at the base of the apical one largest and a broader white band towards the base, and another small one still nearer the base; the two apical Fig. 52. segments nearly equal, the apical Male genitalia of Stegomyia stmpsont. one slightly the shorter, both ‘eae and the apex of the antepenultimate with long scattered brown hairs, apical segment rounded at the tip. Antennae with deep brown plume-hairs and pale internodes. Abdomen as long as in the female; fore and mid ungues unequal, simple, the larger one in the fore pair rather more 184 A Monograph of Culicidae. curved than the larger of the mid; the hind pair small, thick, curved and equal. Claspers of genitalia shortish and rather broad, straight on one side, curved on the other, with a very small nearly terminal dark process; between the basal lobes two large spines with expanded bases. Length.—3°5 to 4°5 mm. . Habiiat.—The Transvaal (C. B. Simpson). Observations.—Superficially resembles S. fasciata, but the thoracic ornamentation, the simple ? ungues and the different adornment of the ¢ palpi at once separate it. The 9 palpi are composed of three segments, of which the apical is very marked, being suddenly contracted at the tip and ends in a round truncated surface. STEGOMYIA ARGENTEOMACULATA. Ni. sp. Head deep brown, with a silvery-white area in the middle and one on each side. Proboscis brown, unbanded. Thorax rich brown with a silvery-white scaled area in front, another at each side in front of the roots of the wings ; three white patches on the scutellum ; white puncta on the pleurae. Abdomen deep brown with narrow basal white bands. Legs brown, white banded, femora with white apex and a prominent white band before the apex. ?. Head deep brown with flat black scales except for a silvery-white area in the middle in front and a white area at the sides throwing out some pale scales partly around the edge of the eyes; a tuft of deep brown, and golden-brown chaetae in front projecting inwards; palpi black with white-scaled apices ; proboscis black ; antennae deep brown with some white scales on the basal segment. Thorax deep blackish-brown with a silvery-white scaled area in front, a small area on each side forming a spot in front of the base of the wings, broadeniag out laterally a few pale scales behind before the scutellum ; dark area with dusky brown scales ; scutellum deep brown with three apical patches of flat white scales and basal dark flat scales ; pleurae with white puncta. Abdomen deep blackish-brown with narrow basal white bands and snowy-white basal lateral spots. Legs deep brown, fore and mid femora with apical white spots and a white spot towards the apex, a pale band at the base Genus Stegomyia. 185 of the fore and mid first and second tarsal segments ; hind femora pale for about two-thirds of their length, then dark brown, and then a snowy-white apex ; basal banding on the hind legs snowy-white. | Length.—4 mm. Time of capture.—-‘September. Habitat.—Narcondam Islands (80 miles from ‘A viioenist and Nicobar Islands), Bay of Bengal (G. Rogers). Observations.— Described from two ?s, not in good state, the hind legs being absent, but the marked thoracic adornment will at once separate it from any other true Stegomyia. STEGOMYIA AFRICANA. Theobald (1901). Mono. Culicid. I., p. 304 (1901). Additional localities—Ruwe, Lualaba Road, Congo Free State, in February (Dr. Yale Massey). STEGOMYIA POWERI. Theobald (1905). Journ. Hcon. Biol., Vol. I., No. 1, p. 18 (1905). Head velvety black with median and lateral white patches ; palpi black with snowy-white apices ; proboscis black. Thorax blackish-brown with a median yellowish-white line, a silvery patch on each side in front of the wings extending as a fine yellowish line towards the scutellum, and a silvery patch on each side of the wings. Abdomen blackish-brown with basal white bands and large white basal lateral spots. Legs black and banded with white, base of hind femora white; fore legs with basal white bands to the first and second tarsals, mid legs the same, hut the second tarsal nearly al! white, hind legs with the fourth tarsal all white, the fifth black. ?. Head clothed with flat violet black scales, with a double row of median silvery-white ones, and a smal] patch on each side and a few white scales around the border of the eyes, bristles jet black ; palpi black, scaled with snowy white scales apically, and a few forming a narrow band towards their middle ; antennae deep brown with narrow white pale bands and deep brown verticillate hairs, basal segment black basally ; with grey tomentum apically and a few white scales on the inner side ; proboscis jet black. 186 A Monograph of Culicidae. Thorax deep brownish black with reddish-brown narrow- curved scales, ornamented as follows :—A median yellow line of narrow-curved scales extending from a small white spot near the head to the bare space in front of the scutellum, a patch of silvery-white broader scales on each side towards the front, from ‘which proceéds a whitish-yellow line running parallel to the median one on each side passing down to the scutellum and -composed of broader curved scales than the rest, there is also a ‘smaller silvery-white spot just before the base of each wing, bristles deep brown ; all the scales slope uniformly backwards ; scutellum deep blackish-brown with flat silvery-white scales and deep brown border-bristles; metanotum deep brown; pleurae deep brown with silvery-white puncta, three forming a line anteriorly. Abdomen deep blackish-brown, the first and second segments unbanded, the former with long pale golden-brown bristles, the third to sixth segments with basal white bands somewhat indented in the middle and not extending completely across the abdomen, the seventh segment with a few plain scales in the middle basally placed, all the segments with large basal snowy-white patches, ‘border-bristles short, bright brown to golden. Legs black, with the base of the fore tibiae, first tarsal and second tarsal white ; in the mid legs there is a white spot at the apex of the femora, and a prominent round white spot on the middle of the segment, a white basal band to the first tarsal, and the greater part of the second tarsal white, and traces of a few white scales at the base of the third tarsal; in the hind legs the femora are white at the base, and have a small white apical spot, white basal bands to the first tarsal and next two tarsals, the third is pure white, the fourth black ; ungues of fore and mid legs uniserrated, of hind equal and simple. Wings with dense brown scales ; first sub-marginal cell considerably longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base considerably nearer the base of the wing than that of the second posterior cell, its stem less than one-half the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior cell as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein nearly three times its own length distant from the mid. MHalteres thick, with ochreous stem and fuscous knob. Length.—5 mom. Habitat.—Natal (Dr. Power). Observations.—Described from a perfect female. It is a very Tl Genus Stegomyia. 187 distinct species, easily told by the single median yellow thoracic line and legs from S. scutellaris, Walker, and by the single, not double line, seen in S. simpsoni, as well as. by the legs. It is a very handsome species, and so far nothing like it has occurred outside Natal. Probably it. will be found in the Transvaal and other neighbouring regions. Apparently closely related to gardnerti, Ludlow, from the Philippine Islands, but easily sepa- rated by the large anterior silvery-white thoracic spot and by the ornamentation of the hind tarsals. STEGOMYIA MEDIOPUNCTATA. Theobald (1905). Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. XVI., p. 240 (1905). Head with a snowy-white median area, black at the sides and with afew white lateral scales ; proboscis black, unbanded ; palpi black with white apex. Thorax deep brown, the front with a broad area of large white scattered narrow-curved scales, the remainder with pale dull brown scales ; scutellum white-scaled in middle, brown laterally ; abdomen black, segments with basal median white spots. Legs deep brown, the fore and mid first and second tarsals with small white apical bands, the hind with broad white basal bands to the first and second tarsals, third tarsal all black, fourth nearly all white except for a minute black apex, fifth black. @. Head clothed with large flat scales, those on the middle snowy-white, on each side black with a few white ones on the extreme sides, a few black bristles project forwards; clypeus black ; proboscis black ; palpi black scaled with snowy white apical scales ; antenne ceep brown, basal segment black with a erown of snowy-white scales. Thorax deep brown covered with rather large irregular narrow-curved scales, those in the middle in front being white, those behind and at the sides pale dull brown; scutellum prominently trilobed, the median lobe with large flat white scales, the lateral lobes with large flat, dull brown scales and with brown border-bristles; pleurae brown with patches of white scales. | | Fore legs brown, a narrow pale band at the base of the first and second tarsals, the mid legs the same, only there is a distinct snowy-white knee spot; hind legs with the base and under surface of femora white, base of first and second tarsal 188 A Monograph of Culicidae. segments white, the third tarsal all black, the fourth all white but for a small black apex, last tarsal small all black. Wings with typical brown Stegomyian scales; first sub- marginal cell longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior cell, its base slightly nearer the base of the wing, its Fig. 53. Wing of Stegomyia mediopunctata. 9. Theobald. stem about half the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior nearly as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein about twice its own length distant from the mid. Halteres with fuscous knob. Length.—3 mm. Habitat.—Peradeniya, Ceylon (E. E. Green). Time of captwre-—November (1901). Observations.—Described from a single female in excellent condition. The curious leg banding will at once separate it from all known Stegomyia. | STEGOMYIA PSEUDONIVEA. Theobald (1905). Ann. Mus. Natio. Hung. ITI., p. 75 (1905). Head clothed with flat black scales and a narrow grey border around the eyes ; palpi and proboscis black. Thorax with the front half silvery-white, remainder bronzy-brown. Legs deep brown, unbanded, venter and extreme base of femora grey. Ungues equal and uniserrated. 9. Head clothed with flat dark brown scales, showing bright violet reflections in certain lights, a narrow grey border of flat scales around the eyes, and dull grey flat scales at the sides, some black bristles projecting forwards; palpi, clypeus and proboscis deep brown ; antennae deep brown basal segment with a few grey scales and the pubescence dull grey. Thorax deep brown, fore two-thirds clothed with rather large silvery-white mnarrow-curved scales, remainder with similar Genus Stegomyia. | 189 bronzy scales, black bristles project forward over the head ; scutellum black with flat black to bronzy scales; metanotum deep brown; prothoracic lobes reddish-brown or deep brown according to the light, with a few deep brown bristles ; pleurae brown with silvery spots. Abdomen black, the fifth, sixth and seventh segments with basal white bands and traces of basal lateral spots ; venter brown with basal silvery bands. Legs deep brown ; base and venter of femora grey; coxae brown ; fore and mid ungues small, equal and uniserrated, hind equal and simple. Wings with the first sub-marginal longer, but very little narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem rather more than half the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior about as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein rather more than its own length distant from the mid cross-vein. Halteres with grey stem and widely expanded fuscous knob. Length.—3 mm. Habitat.—Singapore (Bird, 1902). Time of capture-—January. Observations.— Described from a single 9. It bears a close resemblance to nivea, Ludlow, but can at once be told by the fore and mid ungues being uniserrated and not simple, and by the femora being dark above, not white as in nivea. STEGOMYIA PUNCTOLATERALIS. Theobald (1903). The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVI., p. 156 (1903). Thorax black with dense bronzy-brown scales, unadorned except for pale scaled lines laterally ; pleurae snowy-white, the white extending on to the mesonotum as a broad white line in front of the roots of the wings, and a narrower one just over the roots of the wings ; prothoracic lobes white, separated by a black curved line from the mesonotum. Proboscis black unbanded. Abdomen black, with apical white lateral spots ; venter mostly white. Legs black unbanded ; coxae and under part of femora, tibiae, and to some extent the under surface of the first tarsal of the hind legs white. 2. Head covered with flat bronzy-brown scales, and a pale, almost white, border around the eyes. Palpi, proboscis, clypeus 190 A Monograph of Culicidae. and antennae deep black. Palpi slightly clavate, much contracted. at the base, apical segment minute. Thorax black, with bronzy-brown narrow-curved scales, paler- almost grey ones behind and at the sides forming lateral pale lines, and a narrower one just over the roots of the wings; prothoracic lobes white scaled, separated from the rest of the thorax by a prominent black line ; pleurae densely white scaled ; scutellum with small flat grey scales and brown border-bristles, four to the mid lobe ; metanotum deep brown. Abdomen deep brown with violet reflections, in some lights. under the microscope bright violet, each segment with prominent apical lateral creamy spots, which in some segments spread almost across the apical borders so as to form prominent pale lines, but they never quite meet, except in the penultimate segment ; the first segment testaceous, with large dense black scales in two confluent spots, with brown bristles; border- bristles very short, pale brown, shining apically. Venter creamy- white ; the apical spots are very pronounced on the ventral surface in dried specimens, Legs jet-black ; under surface of femora, tibiae, and first hind. tarsal silvery-white ; ungues small, equal, and simple. Wings with brown scales ; fork-cells of moderate length, the first sub-marginal cell considerably longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base the nearer to the base of the wing ;. stem of the first sub-marginal cell more than half its length ;. stem of the second posterior cell nearly as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein about twice its own Jength distant from the mid cross-vein. Halteres with dull testaceous stem and fuscous knob. Length.—4°5 mm. 6. Thorax and abdomen as in the 9, but the abdomen. narrower and the apical lateral spots not quite so prominent. Basal lobes of genitalia densely bristly, bristles large, and arise from distinct papillae ; claspers long and thin, simple. Antennae deep brown, with deep brown plume-hairs, pale: banding more or less noticeable ; proboscis black ; palpi shorter than the proboscis, deep blackish-brown, no hair-tufts, the last. two segments of nearly equal length, the apical one slightly shorter and with terminal bristles. Legs as in the 9 ; fore ungues unequal, the larger uniserrated, the smaller simple ; mid ungues unequal, both simple ; posterior ones very small, equal and simple, much curved. [EEE ———e Genus Stegomyia. 191 Wings with brown scales; the first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, the base nearly level with that of the latter ; stem of the first sub-marginal cell about one-third the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior about two-thirds the length of the cell ; posterior cross-. vein considerably longer than the mid and more than twice its. length distant from it. Length—5°5 mm. Habitat.—South Queensland (Dr. Bancroft). Time of capture.—January. Observations.—Described from a series of dried and spirit. specimens collected and bred by Dr. Bancroft. It is a very marked species, one striking character being the black curved. line behind the white scaled prothoracic lobes. The white lateral apical spots are also characteristic. Dr. Bancroft kept this species alive for a month in confine-. ment, and during that time they bit on three oceasions. Dr. Bancroft has just written me stating that this species. Oviposits in a “raft.” STEGOMYIA AMESII. Ludlow (1903). Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Sept., p. 139 (1908). Head dark brown, a pale spot on the sides; proboscis. unbanded. Thorax dark brown. Abdomen dark brown with blue and green iridescence, and small white lateral spots. Legs. unbanded. “?. Head covered with dark brown scales, giving dark iridescence, a minute pale spot on the sides, forked scales dark brown, brown hairs between the eyes; antennae dark brown, verticels brown, pubescence: brown, first segment testaceous; palpi dark brown; proboscis very dark scaled, dark iridescence in some lights; clypeus brown; eyes brown. Thorax dark brown and rather closely covered with small slender dark brown curved scales; scutellum dark brown; metanotum dark brown; pleurae brown with three bunches of white scales. Abdomen brown, heavily covered with dark brown scales giving dark green and blue iridescence, small white lateral spots on most of the. segments; venter dark, Legs dark brown, the femora light on ventral side, otherwise the whole of the leg is dark, but the scales are so iridescent, those of the- femora and tibiae reflecting green and blue lights, and those on metatarsi. and tarsal segments giving bronze lights that the latter often appear- much lighter. Ungues equal and simple. 192 A Monograph of Culrcidae. Wings heavily brown scaled with typical Stegomyia scales; first sub- marginal cell a little longer and about the same width as the second posterior, its base slightly interior to the latter’s. The supernumerary cross-vein meets the mid at an obtuse angle and is about the same length as the mid, as is also the posterior cross-vein, which is distant from the mid about three times its own length. Halteres heavily light scaled on the stem, the knob dark. Length.—3 to 3°5 mm. Habitat.—Oras, Samar; Tacloban, Leyte; Twin Peaks, Banguet; Luzon, Philippine Islands. Time of capture.—J une—December.” Observations.—This is a very small dark species near S. minuta, Theob., and was sent me by Dr. Roger P. Ames, Major-Surgeon U.8.A., who did the clinical work in the investigation by Major Reed concerning mosquitoes and “ yellow fever.” Genus PSEUDOSKUSEA. nov. gen. Skusea multiplex, Theobald, must come in a new genus, as the type of Skusea is funerea, Theobald, which has short palpi in the ¢, and is thus as I at first suggested, an Aedine. Multiplex has long palpi in the @. The generic characters of Pseudoskusea may be taken as follows: Head with flat scales; palpi short in ?, long in ¢, very thin, no hair-tufts, resembling Desvoidea. Scutellum with narrow-curved scales. Mid ungues of male equal in size; a character found only in this genus. PSEUDOSKUSEA MULTIPLEX. Theobald (1903). Skusea multiplex. Theobald (1903). Mono. Culicid. IIT., p. 293 (1903) ?; Ann. Mus. Nat, Hung. IIT., p. 78 (1905) (é), Theobald. A large series belonging to the National Museum of Hungary from New Guinea, from Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen, Stephansort, Astrolabe Bay, and Muina (Bird), 1896 and 1900, and Ins. Graget (Bird), 1901, have been examined. Some of the specimens do not show the median pale head spot, others show it as prominently as in the type from Queensland. The basal segment of the antennae in some is dark, in others, as in the type, testaceous. The thorax shows no trace of the two pale lines, which almost form one line across it, seen Genus Ludlowia. 193 in the Australian specimens. The whole thorax is unadorned, of an uniform dark brown, clothed with uniformly-scattered reddish-brown scales, which are bronzy under the two-third power. I cannot see any reason for separating these New Guinea specimens as a distinct species as there are only colour differences. The male is described here for the first time. 6- Head all black scaled, with the lateral pale areas only. Thorax and abdomen as in the 9. Palpi rather longer than the proboscis, very thin, black, no hair-tufts, resembling those of Desvoidya. Apical segment of palpi slightly shorter than the penultimate segment. _ Wings long, fork-cells short, first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base slightly nearer the apex of the wing than that of the second posterior, its stem as long as the cell; stem of the second posterior longer than the cell ; supernumerary and mid cross-veins almost in one straight line, the posterior about its own length distant from the mid. Legs as in the 9; fore ungues unequal, the larger nearly twice as long as the smaller, both uniserrated, the serration of the smaller close to the base ; mid ungues equal and uniserrated ; hind equal and simple. Length.—4 to 4°5 mm. Habitat.— New Guinea (Bird, 1900). Observations.—The g very closely resembles the ¢ of Des- wvoidya, but the absence of flat scutellar scales at once separates it. There are only three males in the series one of which I have made preparations of in balsam. The type is in the collection of the National Museum of Hungary. Genus LUDLOWIA. nov. gen. Head clothed with flat scales all over, some upright forked scales behind. Palpi long in male, one large swollen apical segment and a long thin penultimate one; antennae plumose in ¢. Thorax and scutellum clothed with long narrow-curved scales. Fork-cells in ¢ small; first long vein some distance from the costal vein but curved upwards towards the end and then VOL. IV. ) 194 A Monograph of Culicidae. downwards, the second long vein is curved downwards and then upwards, so that the cell is large in the middle, contracted at each end ; scales broad, Two g’s so far are known in this genus, which is very distinct, the squamose characters are very marked and the palpi quite different to any others.* LUDLOWIA CHAMBERLAINI. Ludlow (1903). Mimomyia(?) chamberlaini. Ludlow (1903). Canad, Entomo. XXXVIL., p. 297 (1903). “¢. Head light, heavily covered with light yellow, almost white iridescent flat scales, a few brown forked scales on the occiput extending well around to the sides; two large bristles projecting forward between the eyes, four or five around the eyes; antennae brown, very plumose, light banded, basal segment bare, dark, verticels brown, but giving light (tow-coloured) reflections with a suggestion of orange; proboscis orange, tip black ; palpi longer than the proboscis, mostly yellow scaled ventrally, but partly brown scaled dorsally, a dark band at the apex of the penultimate segment, ultimate segment clubbed (suggesting something of the Anopheles) and quite dark at the tip; clypeus yellow; eyes brown and silver. Thorax: dorsum dark brown, heavily covered with dark brown slender curved hairs, laterally light, covered with light golden curved scales, forming a large spot over and around the wing joint and running in a line cephalad on the edge of the mesonotum, light bristles over wing joint; pleurae and prothoracic lobes almost white; scutellum dark brown, median lobe, and light lateral lobes, both covered with dark brown slender curved scales, six large and a few small bristles on the mid lobe, four bristles on the lateral lobes; metanotum dark brown. Abdomen light, thickly covered with dark brown flat scales, having deep blue iridescence ; very large basal lateral light spots forming an almost continuous lateral yellowish stripe, also continuous with the venter, which is very light yellow, almost white. All segments heavily haired. Legs: coxae and trochanters all light. In fore legs the femora are brown dorsally and ventrally light yellow, growing darker towards the apex, tibiae brown (giving red-bronze and purple lights), first tarsal brown, with tiny light apical bands, tarsal segments brown, second and third also with light apical bands. Ungues unequal, very large, one bi-serrate, the smaller almost straight. Mid legs much as in fore legs; there are tiny light bands on the first, second and third tarsal segments, and in some lights the whole first tarsal looks light. Ungues as in the fore legs. Hind legs have femora brown, with red reflections, tibiae brown with * Since this went to press, Miss Ludlow sends me description of a 9 chamberlaim, and also of another species, L. minima. Genus Ludlowia. 195 light apical bands. There are also narrow apical bands on the first, second and third tarsal seements, the remainder of the hind legs is missing. In some cases the bands seem slightly to involve both segments, but in any case they are minute. Wing light and apparently partly denuded, but there are rather broadly “ieundatad, sometimes asymmetrical dark scales, with dark blue green iridescence on costa, sub-costa, and first long vein, and a few of the same ‘broad-ended’ scales on the other veins; first sub-marginal cell about one-third longer and a third narrower than the second posterior, the base of the latter, however, being well interior to that of the first sub- marginal. Stem of the first sub-marginal about one-third longer than the cell and somewhat longer than the second posterior. Mid cross-vein is about the same length as supernumerary, which it meets, and posterior cross-vein is about one-fourth longer, and is distant from the mid about three-fourths of its own length. Halteres light, knob brown scaled. Length.—4°5 mm. Habitat.—Bayamban, Pangasinan, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Time of capture.—May (15th). Described from one specimen taken by Capt. W. P. Chamberlain, after whom it is named.” This insect was placed provisionally under Mimomyia by Miss Ludlow. It does not, however, come in that genus, because the 6 palpi in Mimomyia, although long, are not nearly so long as. the proboscis and end acutely and not clavate as in Ludlowia, nor is the proboscis swollen as it is in Mimomyia. It comes in a new genus with the male I referred to in the First Gordon College Report, p. 83 (1905). This genus is described here under the name Ludlowia from Miss Ludlow’s type which she kindly sent me. LUDLOWIA SUDANENSIS. 2. sp. First Rept. Gord. Coll. Well. Labs., p. 83 (1905). g- Proboscis black ; labellae paler ; palpi brown, a pale band on the lower side of centre; the apical segment, rather swollen and bent, covered with scales and a few bristles. Antennae. plumose with a long terminal pilose segment. Head dark and small, eyes deep purplish-black ; pale upright scales, not forked over the vertex and occiput; white flat scales on either side of a dark median line of scales, a few black scales on the nape. Thorax denuded, with traces of black and long golden hair-like scales ; pleurae brown with white patches. Oo 2 196 A Monograph of Culicidae. _ Abdomen purplish-black with basal yellowish white bands to the segments, which expand laterally and spread on to the venter. Legs with knee spot and long tibial bristles, pale tibio- metatarsal tufts and the three last hind tarsals pale yellow ; posterior ungues much smaller than the others, all apparently equal and simple. Length.—4 mm. Habiiat.—Bahr-el-Jebel, North Sudd Country. Observations.—Described from a single damaged male mounted in balsam. It is most marked owing to the curious form of the palpi which separate it from all other Culicids except chamberlaini. It undoubtedly comes in the same genus as Miss Ludlow’s species. I referred to it in the Wellcome Laboratory Report as “a new genus and species.” Genus SCUTOMYIA. Theobald. The Entomologist, p. 77 (1904); Genera Insect. Fam. Culicid., p. 19 (1905), Theobald. Head covered with flat scales except in the mid region, where there are narrow-curved scales forming a median row. Scutellum entirely clothed with flat scales. Other characters as in Macleaya. This genus differs from Stegomyia in having narrow-curved scales on the head, and from Macleaya in having the scutellum with all flat scales. From Leicesteria it differs in having all flat scales on the scutellum. Geographical distribution of species—Five species are known, occurring in Africa, Australia, Malay States, and Philippine Islands. 1, S. notoscripta, Skuse, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales, Vol. III., p. 1738 (1889) (Australia). albopictus, Skuse, Indian Mus. Notes, Vol. XXXV., p. 20. 2. S. sugens, Wiedemann, Aussereurop. Zweifl. Ins., p. 545 (1828) (West and Central Africa). vittatus, Bigot, Ann, Ent. Soc. Fr. 8. 4, Vol. I. (1861). 3. S. marshallu, Theobald, Mono. Culicid. Vol. I., p. 310 (1901) (Central Africa). 4. S. nivea, Ludlow, Journ. New York Ent. Soc. Vol. II., p. 139 (1908), (Philippine Islands, Fed. Malay States). 5. S. albolineata Theobald, The Entom., p. 77 (1904) (Kuala Lumpur). Genus Scutomyia. 197 The five known species tabulate as follows :— Legs basally banded with white. Last hind tarsal all white. Proboscis prominently white banded. Thorax with median silver line, two lateral curved lines and two short yellow lateral dessert wots nin teenie aben aan bib eae amenanined notoscripta, Skuse. Proboscis with trace of banding. Thorax with four silvery spots...............06. sugens, Wiedemann. Legs with apical banding. Proboscis unbanded. Thorax with four silvery spots ..,...,,.s.s0++ marshall. Theobald. Legs fore and mid unbanded, hind with basal white dorsal patches. Thorax with a broad median silvery line in ROO S, BURG UOTE RY, eA albolineata. Theobald. Legs unbanded. Thorax with front two-thirds silvery white with three black lines .............scocceeeees mivea. Ludlow. SCUTOMYIA ALBOLINEATA. Theobald (1904). The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVIL., p. 77 (1904). Thorax black, with a broad median silvery-white line in front and a median silvery spot on the scutellum. Abdomen black, with basal silvery-white lateral spots, the last two segments with basal silvery-white bands. Fore and mid legs black, unbanded ; the hind with the first, second and third tarsals with basal white dorsal patches. 9. Head clothed with flat black scales except in the middle, where there is a median broad area of white, narrow-curved scales: palpi, clypeus, proboscis and antennae black, the basal segment of the latter with white scales inside ; proboscis long, nearly as long as the whole body. Thorax black, with long narrow-curved bronzy-black scales and with a broad median silvery-white line running from the front of the mesothorax to about its middle; numerous long black bristles project in front and over the roots of the wings ; scutellum black, very deeply trilobed, the mid lobe with dense flat silvery-white scales, the lateral lobes with flat black scales ; there are also a few black ones bordering the posterior edge of the mid lobe which has five brown bristles; metanotum black and shiny ; pleurae brown, with silvery-white spots. Abdomen narrow basally, broadening to the apex which is 198 A Monograph of Culrerdae. truncated, smoky black, with triangular silvery-white lateral basal spots, the two last segments with basal white bands (under the microscope the lateral spots look pale blue) ; border-bristles black ; the first segment densely black scaled, large, the black scales forming two backwardly-projecting patches and with black bristles ; venter with broadish basal white bands. Legs black, the fore and mid pairs unbanded, the hind with the base and under side of femora yellowish-white, a small snowy- white apical spot ; the first, second and third tarsals with a basal streak of white on the upper surface, giving a banded appearance when viewed from above ; ungues all equal and simple. Wings with brown-scaled veins, the costa dark, fork-cells small, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, its stem nearly as long as the cell ; stem of the second posterior as long as the cell; bases of the fork-cells nearly level; posterior cross-vein rather more than its own length distant from the mid ; median vein scales small and spatulate, dark ; lateral ones short and rather thick on the first and second veins, others longer and thinner. Halteres short and with con- torted yellow stems, the knobs broadly expanded with black scales. Length.—4 mm. Habitat.—Kuala Lumpur (Dr. Leicester). Observations.—Described from a single female. It bears, at first sight, a close resemblance to Stegomyia scutellaris, Walker, but the median white thoracic stripe is wider, and the markings of the abdomen and legs are different ; moreover, it cannot be placed in the genus Stegomyia. I am not sure if the narrow waist of the abdomen is natural or due to subsequent contraction in drying. The fact that the white abdominal lateral patches appear blue under the microscope and yet not under a hand-lens is peculiar. I have not observed this in any other mosquito. Scuromy1a noroscripTa. Skuse (1889). Stegomyia notoscripta. Skuse. Culex notoscripta. Skuse. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, III., p. 1788 (1889), Skuse ; Mono. Culicid. L., p. 286 (1901), and III., p. 145 (1903), Theobald; Ann. Mus. Nation. Hung. III., p. 76 (1905), Theobald. This common Australian mosquito was provisionally placed in Stegomyia. It is now found to belong to this genus. Genus Aedimorphus. 199 Dr. Bancroft writes me that he is sure this species oviposits singly and not in a “raft” as Skuse stated. | Additional localities.—Muina, Seleo, Berlinhafen, Friedrich- Wilhelmshafen, New Guinea ; Ins. Graget (Bird) ; India (Major Giles, I.M.S.)? (I do not think this occurs in India); Sydney, N.S. Wales (Dr. Bancroft). SCUTOMYIA SUGENS. Wiedemann (1828). Stegomyia sugens. Wiedemann. Culex sugens. Wiedemann. Culex vittatus. Bigot (1861). Auss. Zweiflug. Ins. I., 545, 4 (1828), Wiedemann; Ann. Soc. Ent. d. Fr. S. 4, t. 1 (1861), Bigot; Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., p. 257 (1886), Ficalbi ; Mono. Culicid. I., p. 300 (1901), Theobald; Ann. Mus. Nation. Hung. III., p. 77 (1905), Theobald. Additional localities.—Transvaal (C. B. Simpson) ; Entebbe, Uganda (Drs. Christy, Hodges, etc.) ; Gambia (Drs. Dutton and Todd) ; India (Dr. Christophers and M. Biré) ; Nubia and Aden. Note.—Central African forms are smaller than any others I have seen. Genus AEDIMORPHUS. Theobald. Mono. Culicid. III., p. 290 (1903); Genera Insectorum, Fam. Culicid., p. 20 (1904). One new species has been added to this genus. AEDIMORPHUS ALBOANNULATUS. Theobald. The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVIII., p. 154 (1905). Head dark brown ; proboscis black, with a white band on the apical half. Thorax deep rich brown, with scanty golden scales ; a silvery white spot on each prothoracic lobe ; pleurae pale brown, with silvery white puncta ; scutellum silvery white. Abdomen deep brown, unbanded, with basal white lateral spots. Legs deep brown, with apical silvery white bands, most pro- nounced on the hind legs, the last hind tarsal being all white. ?. Head deep brown, clothed with dusky flat scales over most of the surface and some flat creamy ones at the sides; around the edges rather large golden narrow-curved scales and 200 A Monograph of Culicidae. smaller and duller ones at the back ; over the whole surface very long deep black upright forked scales. Proboscis black, with a pale ochreous band slightly towards the apical half. Palpi deep brown and densely scaly ; clypeus brown. Thorax rich deep chestnut-brown, with scattered golden curved scales ; silvery white flat scales on the prothoracic lobes ; numerous black bristles over the roots of the wings. Scutellum brown, clothed with silvery white flat scales and black border- bristles, six to the mid lobe and some smaller ones with them ; pleurae brown, with prominent silvery puncta composed of flat scales. One large spot of these scales seems to project outwards, and can be seen when the insect is viewed from above, looking almost like a silvery spot close to the roots of the wings. Abdomen deep brown, with basal white lateral spots and pale venter. | Legs black, with apical silvery white bands as follows: small but prominent on all the femora and tibiae of all the legs, on all the first tarsals and on the fore and mid second tarsal segment ; in the hind legs prominent on all the segments, the last tarsal being pure white. All the ungues equal and uniserrated. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearly level with that of the second posterior cell, stem of the first sub-marginal about two-thirds the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein nearly twice its own length distant from the mid. MHalteres with pale stem and fuscous and white knob. The scales of the wings are deep brown, especially along the costa, with deep violet reflections along the base and a white patch at the base of the costa and first long vein. Length.—4°5 mm. g. Palpi about the same length as the banded proboscis, the two apical segments small and about equal, a pale band at the base of the apical segment; on both apical segments and on the apex of the antepenultimate a few long brown hairs. Fore and mid ungues unequal, the mid more so than the front ones, both uniserrated, the tooth of the larger mid unguis near the base and small. Length.—4 to 4°5 mm. Habitat.—Sierra Leone (Capt. F. Smith, R.A.M.C.). Observations.—Described from two specimens in perfect con- dition collected by Captain F. Smith, R.A.M.C. It is a very Genus Letcesteria. 201 marked species, the general ornamentation of the thorax and legs being characteristic. I cannot be certain as to the exact structure of the ¢ ungues, nor genitalia, which are hidden in scales and hairs, and there was no second specimen of ¢ sent to dissect. GeENus LEICESTERIA. Theobald. The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVII., p. 211 (Aug., 1904); Gen. Ins. Fam. Culicid., p. 20 (1905), Theobald. Head covered with flat scales, upright forked scales, and a row of spindle-shaped ones around the eyes. Mesothorax with narrow- and broad-curved scales ; scutellum and prothoracic lobes with flat scales. Palpi of the ¢ slender, no hair-tufts, longer than proboscis ; of the ? half the length of the proboscis, com- posed of four segments. Proboscis swollen apically. Wing scales and venation much as in Stegomyia. This genus comes near Hretmapodites in appearance, but can at once be told by the scales around the eyes and the great length of the ? palpi. Geographical distribution of species.—A single species only occurs. L. longipalpis, Leicester, The Entom., p. 211 (Aug., 1904) (Kuala Lumpur). LEICESTERIA LONGIPALPIS. Leicester (1904). The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVII., p. 211 (1904). The following is the original description :— “ Head black in the middle, creamy at the sides ; palpi half the length of the proboscis, both black. Thorax yellowish-brown, with bronze scales and a creamy line on each side as far as the base of the wings. Abdomen with apical white lateral spots. Legs unbanded. @. Head black ; the vertex, occiput, and nape covered with broad, flat, black scales ; along the orbital margin is a narrow row of spindle-shaped creamy scales; laterally, where the black scales end, is a band of creamy scales and then black scales again. There are a moderate number of black upright forked scales confined to the nape. a i 202 A Monograph of Culrcidae. Antennae with the basal segment dirty yellow; the inner face is rather thickly clad with small flat scales, with a few dark ones interspersed ; the basal half of the second segment is similar in colour to the basal segment ; the apical half and the succeeding segments of the antennae are black, covered with numerous short white hairs ; verticillate hairs black ; last segments of antennae not elongated. | Clypeus dark brown, a few narrow white scales on its anterior margin. Palpi black scaled, four-jointed ; third segment very long —longer than all the other segments put together; fourth segment minute. The palpi are unusually long, being fully half the length of the proboscis. Proboscis thick, entirely black scaled. Prothoracic lobes thickly clad with flat spatulate scales, white on the lower half, black above, and from the apex a tuft of short dark brown bristles projects. Mesonotum yellowish-brown; running around the margin anteriorly and laterally as far as the wing bases is a creamy line, composed of broad-curved scales ; the rest of the mesonotum is densely clad with long, narrow-curved, bronzy scales, which are especially dense and long over the roots of the wings, where they form dense tufts. The colour of these scales under a hand lens is metallic bronze, but under a two-third power many appear pale brown. In some lights they appear purple; so do the dark scales on the head and proboscis. Indeed, the scales in this mosquito show a play of colours on every part as the angle of the light changes. Pleurae brownish, clothed with tufts of white elliptical scales. Scutellum clad with flat black scales, purple or rose-purple in a good light, on all the lobes ; border-bristles brown. Wings clouded, covered with dark brown scales, the lateral linear with square ends, the median also rather narrow ; fork- cells moderately long ; stem of the first sub-marginal cell about two-thirds the length of the cell ; base of the cell nearer the base of the wing than that of the second posterior cell ; the second posterior cell is a little broader than the first sub-marginal ; median and supernumerary cross-veins meeting at an angle; posterior cross-vein rather short, distant about twice its length from the median. Legs with the coxae pale; fore and mid coxae with brown and white scales, the hind with only white scales; femora pale scaled beneath, though on the fore legs there are dark scales Genus Macleaya. 203 intermingled ; the rest of the legs and upper surface of the femora clad with dark brown or purple scales, according to the direction of the light ; there is no banding of the legs nor any suggestion of it. On the fore-legs there are a few yellow scales on the apex of the tibiae. The fore and mid ungues equal and uniserrated. Metanotum yellowish brown. Halteres with pale stems and black and white scales on the knob. Abdomen covered with broad purple-brown scales ; no dorsal banding, though the white lateral band spots almost meet over the apices of the segments ; laterally there are conspicuous white bands passing beneath upwards and backwards; these bands are shaped something like the mesial vertical section of an arm- chair; the scales forming them are bluish white (in dried Specimens they may change to a dirty yellow). g¢. The lateral band of creamy scales on the head is broader than in the female. The vertical bristles are pale golden. Antennae pale brown, two last segments black and elongated. Plumes long, dense and purple brown. Proboscis distinctly enlarged for about one-third its length at the apex, black scaled. Palpi slender, longer than the proboscis, scaled entirely, save for a few white scales about the centre of the first apparent joint, with dark purple-brown scales. Fore and mid ungues unequal, the larger uniserrated. Length.—4°5 mm. Habitat.— Kuala Lumpur (Dr. Leicester).” Observations.—This species can easily be told by the great length of the female palpi. I know of nothing approaching it in this group. The pale apical abdominal spots often spread out to form nearly complete bands. The type specimen sent me by Dr. Leicester does not show the pale scaled line up to the base of the wing on the mesothorax ; probably the specimen had been slightly rubbed.—[F.. V. T]. Genus MACLEAYA. Theobald. The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVI., p. 154 (1903). Head covered with flat scales over most of its surface, but with a median line of narrow-curved scales. Palpi short in the female, composed of three segments, with two basal constrictions ; 204 A Monograph of Culrerdae. apical segment minute, penultimate one large, swollen apically and truncated ; the ante-penultimate broad apically, becoming narrower and swollen again basally, two basal constrictions looking almost like joints. The apex of the penultimate segment — is studded with round spots. Palpi long in the male, longer than the proboscis, the two apical segments short, rather swollen, also the apex of the ante-penultimate ; hair-tufts rudimentary. Thorax with narrow-curved scales ; ; scutellum with small flat. scales on the median lobe, narrow-curved ones on the lateral lobes. | This genus comes near Stegomyia, but differs in having narrow-curved scales on the centre of the head and on the waar ite lobes of the scutellum. MACLEAYA TREMULA. Theobald (1903). The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVI., p. 155 (1903). Head silvery grey, with two large pronounced black patches ; proboscis black, unbanded. | Thorax deep brown, with indistinct dull golden lines, the lateral ones over and in front of the roots of the wings curved, and white scaled prothoracic lobes; pleurae testaceous brown, with small white scales ; scutellum brown with white and black scales to the median lobe, white to lateral lobes. Abdomen black, the segments with median basal and lateral basal spots, the middle creamy yellow, the lateral white; venter with basal creamy bands. Legs black, the fore and mid with narrow white basal bands to the first and second tarsals; the hind legs with a broad white basal band to first, second and third tarsals, fourth tarsal all black, fifth all white. "Wings transparent. 9. Head black with flat black scales forming a large patch on each side, then a small grey patch, another small black one, and then more grey scales outside ; the middle of the head with silvery white narrow-curved scales, and a silvery white line around the eyes; numerous small black upright forked scales over the occiput; palpi black with grey tips; clypeus and proboscis black ; antennae black, the base of the second segment bright testaceous, the second segment with small grey scales. Thorax deep brown, covered with very small narrow-curved bronzy-brown scales, with more or less pronounced irregular lines Genus Macleaya. 205 of pale golden scales; the line over and in front of the root of each wing curved ; the golden scales are broader than the dark ones ; on each side in front is a short line of white scales and the prothoracic lobes are covered with similar coloured ones ; in front of the scutellum are irregular (often indistinct) short lines of larger pale creamy scales, and some long backwardly projecting black ones ; scutellum testaceous-brown, the mid lobe with small fiat grey scales in the middle, black ones at the sides, the lateral lobes with narrow-curved whitish ones ; border-bristles large and black, there are also very large black ones on the mesonotum ; Metanotum black; pleurae brown, with patches of flat grey scales. | | Abdomen black, the segments with basal median creamy spots, and basal lateral silvery white ones; the last segment (sometimes the last two) without the median spot ; first segment testaceous, with black scales ; border-bristles jet black; venter white at the base, some of the segments with basal white areas, the apical segments black ; genitalia white scaled. Legs black, banded ; coxae pale with patches of white scales, very long; femora black above, white ventrally; knee spot white ; tibiae black ; in the fore and mid legs the first tarsal and second tarsal segments have narrow white basal bands, last three tarsals black ; in the hind legs the first, second and third tarsal segments have broad snowy-white basal bands, fourth tarsal ail black, the fifth all white ; ungues of all three pairs of legs equal and simple. Wings with brown scales, the lateral scales long and thin ; the first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem less than half the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior cell as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein longer than the mid, about one and a half times its own length distant from it ; first Jongitudinal vein and the sub-costal densely scaled with large dark brown spatulate scales ; fringe brown; base of the wing pale ; halteres pale ochreous. Length.—4°5 mm. 6- fPalpi black scaled, apical segments white, base of penultimate segment white, also apex of ante-penultimate, a small pale band about the middle of the long ante-penultimate segment, a few prominent black bristles on the last two segments, not forming regular hair-tufts, a distinct black spine at the apex of the ante-penultimate segment ; the apical segment about half 206 A Monograph of Culicidae. the length of the penultimate; plume-hairs of antennae deep brown. Thorax as in the female. Abdomen narrow, brown, with either basal lateral white spots or basal white bands which spread out laterally ; hairy. Basal lobes of the genitalia broad and truncated. Legs ornamented as in the female; fore and mid ungues unequal, the larger uniserrated ; hind equal and simple. Length.—4°5 mm. Habitat.—South Queensland (Dr. Bancroft). Time of capture.—February. | Observations.—Described from a series of dried and spirit specimens collected and bred by Dr. Bancroft. The larvae were taken in a fresh-water well near Dr. Bancroft’s house at Bupen- gary. It does not appear to bite man. The larvae were found with those of S. notoscripta, Skuse, and C. fatigans, Wiedemann. It is a very marked species, easily told by the leg-banding, and the thoracic and abdominal ornamentation. The thorax is subject to some variation, owing partly to denudation of the golden scales. The abdomen in the male is also variable, the lateral spots often merging so as to form complete basal white bands. Dr. Bancroft has recently written me that this species oviposits singly. GENUS CARROLLIA. Lutz MS. Head with flat scales all over, except for a median basal area and numerous upright forked scales ; scutellum with flat scales to the mid lobe and narrow-curved scales beneath and at edge, narrow-curved scales on lateral lobes; mesonotum with narrow- curved scales, rather large posteriorly ; palpiof ¢ thin, acuminate, no hair-tufts, as long as the proboscis; 9 palpi short. Abdomen of ¢ with the segments deeply constricted basally. Vein scales dense, clavate. Allied to Catageiomyia, Theobald, but ean be told by the longer ¢ palpi, deeply notched abdomen beneath and by the cephalic, scutellar and wing squamose characters. Dr. Lutz gave me a specimen under this generic name, but T do not think it has been described. OO Genus Carrollia. 207 CARROLLIA IRRIDESCENS. Lutz MS. Head yellowish-brown; thorax brown with some paler, almost golden scales behind, a pale slaty, frosty-grey nude area at the sides in front extending into the pleura with a dark brown line beneath and then the pale ochreous coxae ; abdomen deep brown with basal creamy bands and large silvery white lateral spots, segments deeply constricted basally. Legs brown unbanded ; mid femora swollen with two round pale spots. ¢. Head brown clothed with fiat ochreous scales, palest in front between the eyes, dusky behind and at the sides, a few pale narrow-curved scales in the middle behind and bright 7 = u Nu? Fig. 54, Antennal segments of ¢& Carroilia irridescens. Lutz. ochreous upright forked scales, two large dark brown bristles on each side near the eyes, projecting forwards and inwards and two small ones between the eyes; palpi brown, thin, as long as the proboscis, a narrow pale band towards the base, the apical segment not quite as long as the penultimate, no hair-tufts at all; antennae grey, the segments swollen at the base of the long: brown rings of verticillate hairs, there are also prominent short hairs on one side of the internodes forming an incomplete: secondary verticillate area; basal segment bright ochreous ;. proboscis deep brown, a few long chaetae beneath at the base ;. clypeus deep brown. Thorax deep shiny black with large narrow-curved bronzy- brown scales, which become paler, almost creamy on each side in. 208 A Monograph of Culicidae. front of the scutellum ; anterior chaetae’ brown, posterior golden brown ; scutellum deep brown with flat creamy and dull scales on the mid lobe with a few pale narrow-curved ones beneath, narrow-curved creamy scales on the lateral lobes ; four posterior border-bristles to the mid lobe ; metanotum deep brown ; pleurae nearly nude, a broad shiny bluish-grey area extending all the way along to the front of the mesonotum, then a deep brown line beneath, sharply contrasting with the pale ochreous coxae; the shiny pale area seems to be minutely pitted all over. Abdomen deep brown with basal creamy white bands and large prominent lateral snowy-white spots, the penultimate one the largest and showing iridescent pale mauve reflections, the segments are all constricted basally, expanded apically below, and the scales on the apical areas are outstanding, giving a very characteristic appearance such as is seen in Haemagogus ; posterior ‘border-bristles of dorsum pale, of the venter longer and darker ; there is no pale basal band to the first, second and last segments ; the abdomen is also constricted basally and expanded towards the apex. Legs brown with bronzy reflections, the fore and hind legs show faint traces of pale tarsal banding, the mid femora are swollen, have two prominent round pale spots and the venter of all the femora are pale; coxae pale ochreous; fore and mid ungues slightly unequal in length, the larger fore ungues with a very large tooth, the others simple, the hind equal, rather straight. Wing scales broad and dense, especially on the fork-cells, the first sub-marginal much longer and a little narrower than the second posterior cell, its base much nearer the base of Fig. 55. Wing of Carrollia irridescens. ¢. Lutz. the wing, its stem rather less than one-fourth the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior nearly as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein much longer than the mid, nearly twice its Genus Gymnometopa. 209 own length distant from it; inner border of the wing curved inwards towards the apex. Length.—5°5 mm. Habitat.— Brazil. , 9. Like the ¢ but the abdomen broader, the venter with very broad basal brilliant silvery-white bands and narrow black apical ones. First sub-marginal cell considerably longer and a little narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem not quite half the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior nearly two-thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein nearly twice its own length distant from the mid. Halteres with pale brown stem and fuscous knob. Legs as in the ¢, ungues, equal and simple. Length.—5 mm. Time of capture.—October (Dr. Goeldi), November (Dr. Lutz). Habitat.—Sao Paulo (Dr. Lutz), Para (Dr. Goeldi). Observations.—Described from two ¢’s given me under this name by Dr. Lutz, and from a ¢ and*? from Prof. Gveldi. It is a very beautiful species, the white lateral spots showing iridescent mauve in some lights. The marked constrictions and scale tufts on the apices of the segments ventrally are also characteristic. Genus GYMNOMETOPA. Cogquillett.* Proc, Ent. Soc. Wash. VII. No. 4, p. 183 (1906). U.S. Dept. Agri. Bur. Ent. Tech. Sec. No. 11, p. 16 (1906). Near Stegomyia, but the clypeus wholly bare. Head clothed behind with broad appressed scales except a median stripe of rather narrow ones and narrow forked erect ones. Scutellum bearing both broad and narrow scales. Lateral scales on wing veins narrow. Palpi of ¢ about as long as proboscis, those of less than one-third as long. The head resembles that of Macleaya, in which genus the scales of the mid lobe of scutellum are flat, on the side lobes narrow curved. * This genus founded on sealineata has been accepted on Coquillett’s description. Time has not been found to examine the type species again. It is probably synonymous with Macleaya. VOL. IV. P 210 A Monograph of Culicidae. The larva of the type differs from Stegomyia, in having spreading tufts of rather long hairs, scattered over the pra Coquillett tabulates the species as follows :— 1. Upper side of thorax brown-scaled and with six narrow lines of pale yellow scales ex- tending the entire length of the thorax; last two segments of the hind feet black ... sexlineata. Theobald. Upper side of thorax not marked like this ... 2 2. Last two segments of the hind feet and all : DEG TOS OMNOR Ceca ecocsoenerags ee sedneaineteet 3 Last two segments of the hind feet chiefly white ; a spot or band of white scales on the > base of at least the first two segments on all of the feet; tibiae with a silvery mark at a point about one-fourth of their length mediovittata. Coquillett. 3. With a dot of silvery scales in the middle of the front end of the thorax; first two segments of the front feet white-scaled at thote DagsGls, doh). vent dw cardedd> edeibaneGb den albonotata. Coquillett. Without such a dot, front feet all black ...... busckw. Coquillett. _ GYMNOMETOPA MEDIOVITTATA. Coquillett (1906). Stegomyta mediovittata. Coquillett (1906). Canad. Entomo., p. 60, Feb. (1906); U.S. Dept. Agri. Bu. Ent. Tech. Series No. II., p. 25 (1906) (Gymnometopa), Coquillett. “ Proboscis black, unmarked; palpi black scaled, in the male the bases of the segments white scaled, in the female only the apices of the segments are white; inner side of first antennal segment white scaled, scales of occiput black, a median line of white scales, those on the sides yellow and white. Thorax brown scaled, a median line of white ones, which is divided into two branches on the posterior fifth of the mesonotum; on either side of this line is a stripe of dark brown scales, followed by a line of light yellow scales, which become whitish on the posterior portion of the mesonotum ; a broadly interrupted line of white scales midway between this line and the insertion of the wing and a similar line just above this insertion, a spot of white scales on the humerus and several similar spots on the pleura; scutellum with a spot of white scales on each of its three lobes. Abdomen black scaled with a bluish reflection, a spot of white ones near base of the sides of the last four segments and a few white scales at apex of last segment. Legs black scaled, a line of white ones on anterior and posterior sides of each femur, a spot above middle of anterior side of each tibia, the base of the first two segments of the front and middle targals and the base of each segment of the hind ones white scaled; tarsal claws of the female simple, those of the front and mid tarsi of the male with one tooth under one of the claws, none under the other, claws of the hind tarsi simple. Wings hyaline, the scales black. Genus Popea. 211 Length about 3 mm. San Domingo, West Indies. Thirty-four specimens collected by Mr. August Busck.” GYMNOMETOPA BUSCKII. Coquillett (1906). Stegomyia busckw. Coquillett. Canad. Entomo., p. 60 (1906). ** Proboscis and palpi wholly black, no white scales on the first antennal segments, scales of occiput brown, a median stripe of yellow ones, the lower half largely yellow scaled. Thorax brown scaled, a median pair of widely- separated yellow scaled lines on the anterior three-fourths of the meso- notum, and between each of these and the adjacent wing is a line of similar scales on the posterior half, an interrupted line of white scales towards the sides of the mesonotum, and several spots on the pleura; scutellum brown scaled, and with a median stripe of white ones. Abdomen black scaled, with a tinge of bronze; venter yellow scaled, and with a lateral spot of white scales on the last three segments. Legs black scaled, those on under side of femora pale yellow, a dot of white scales at apex of each femur and tibia, bases of first three segments of the hind tarsi white scaled; tarsal claws in both sexes as in medzovitiata. Length about 3 mm. San Domingo, West Indies. A female and two males, collected by Mr. August Busck, after whom this handsome species is named.” GYMNOMETOPA ALBONOBATA. Coquillett. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. VII., 4, p. 183 (1906). Like buscki, the only apparent differences being the presence of a silvery dot in middle of front margin of mesonotum and a distinct white band at base of first two segments of front and mid tarsals and of each segment of palpus in the ¢. Santo Domingo, West Indies. Genus POPEA. Ludlow. Canad, Entomo. Vol. XXXVIL., p. 95 (1905). Head covered with flat, forked, and slender curved scales, the latter occur only on the median line: palpi long and slender in the g ; mesothorax with slender curved scales ; scutellum with flat scales on the middle of each lobe, slender curved ones P 2 212 A Monograph of Culicidae. between each lobe, and forming an apical border to all the lobes. Abdomen normal in form, bearing ventral median tufts of long clavate scales. Fork-cells small: wing scales of T’aentorhynchus type; ungues uniserrated in ¢. This genus was founded by Miss Ludlow upon a very distinct species from the Philippine Islands. It clearly comes, as she says, between Macleaya, Theobald, and Finlaya, Theobald. The genus is named in honour of Lieut.-Col. B. F. Pope, Deputy Surgeon-General of the U.S.A. Army, under whose directions Miss Ludlow’s investigations were begun. Popea LuTEA. Ludlow (1905). Canad. Entomo. Vol. XXXVII., p. 96 (1905). Head with median white line, a narrow yellow stripe on each side, then a broad brown stripe, then white. Thorax brown scaled with yellow, brown, and white curved scales arranged in definite groups scutellum brown scaled in the middle, a line of yellow on each side, lateral lobes brown and with sulphur yellow scales between. Abdomen covered with yellow scales and afew dark brown, a broken median line of dark irregularly placed spots ; well marked tufts of brown scales on middle line of venter. Legs mottled and spotted. Wings with broad yellow and brown scales, apex pale, and a yellow costal spot extending on to the wing field and other spots also ; fork-cells very small. d. Head covered on median line with curved white scales, remainder of head with flat scales forming a narrow stripe of yellow next median line, then a broader brown area, then white ; brown and yellow upright forked scales on occiput, white ones near vertex? antennae plumose light brown, light bands on each segment, a few flat dark scales on first segment, basal segment brown, a few flat white scales on median side; palpi long and slender, irregularly mottled with yellow, white, and brown scales, the tuft is small and light coloured, tip dark ; proboscis rather heavily scaled, mottled yellow and brown, basal part brown, then irregularly deep ochraceous yellow, so that it amounts to a broad irregularly shaped band, apex brown. Thorax brown, prothoracic lobes brown scaled, with yellow and white flat scales; mesonotum brown, covered with yellow, white, and brown curved scales arranged in indefinite groups ; yellow, flat scales at the nape ; pleurae dark brown, with patches Genus Popea. 213 of white clavate flat scales ; scutellum testaceous, the median portion of each lobe with flat, the interlobular parts and posterior border with rather closely placed slender curved scales ; the flat scales on the median lobe are brown, with a line of yellow on each side, those on the lateral lobes are brown, the curved scales are light sulphur yellow, fine bristles on median lobe ; metanotum brown, bare. Abdomen light, covered with dark brown and yellow scales, mostly yellow ; a broken median line of dark brown irregularly- placed spots—i.e., sometimes apical, sometimes basal—extends the whole length of the abdomen, and the ultimate segment has an apical brown band, the broad yellow lateral stripe is occasionally broken by a few brown scales, but the effect is distinctly yellow ; yellow apical, lateral and central hairs ; venter yellow, white, and brown; there are well-marked tufts of long brown scales on the median line of the venter on most of the segments, but on the ultimate segment the tuft is yellow. These scales are clavate and not dentate. A few white scales appear in connection with the lateral (yellow) stripes, and the dorsal basal white band on the ultimate segment is largely of white scales. Claspers large, and there is a fan-shaped tuft of long yellow spatulate scales just besides them on the ventral side. Legs all mottled; coxae and trochanters testaceous with white and brown scales, femora irregularly spotted with brown and white scales, a few yellow ones also occur; tibiae much lighter, and mostly yellow scaled, a few brown scales in small bunches giving the mottled look ; tarsi mostly yellow scaled, on the hind- legs there are tiny basal brown spots ; in the fore and mid legs the brown scales are somewhat lighter and have no definite arrangement, but the last tarsal on the fore legs are mostly covered with these lighter brown scales. Ungues slightly unequal, both uniserrate, hind ungues equal and simple. Wings very light and delicate and of a slightly yellowish cast, covered with broad yellow and brown median and lateral scales suggesting Taeniorhynchus scales ; the ventral scales are, however, slender. The wing is apparently partly denuded, but the apex is light, and there is a well-marked yellow costal spot near the junction of the sub-costa and extending on the wing field to the third longitudinal in the vicinity of the cross-veins ; there is a small yellow spot on the costa interior to this, and the costa is light continuously from the base of the wing nearly one-third its length ; the fork-cells are small, nearly as small as those of 214 A Monograph of Culicidae. Uranotaenia, and the costa has spinous scales as in that genus ; first submarginal cell is a little longer and narrower than second posterior cell; mid and supernumerary cross-veins meet and are about equal in length ; posterior cross-vein is about same length as the others and distant from the mid nearly twice its own length, interior ; basal cell is very long. Halteres light, knob mostly yellow scaled. Length.—5°*5 mm. Habitat.—Camp Stotzenberg, Angeles Pampanga, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Time of capture.—September. Observations.—-Described from one perfect specimen sent by Ist Lieut. Eugene R. Whitmore, U.S.A. Caught in the woods and banana trees. Further note-—This is a very remarkable species, and undoubtedly, as Miss Ludlow says, comes in a new genus between Macleaya and Finlaya; the unique sulphur yellow and brown colouring, the peculiar scutellar scaling and abdominal tufts and wing scales, and the Uranotaenia like fork-cells being very characteristic. Genus HOWARDINA. ‘Theobald. Mono. Culicid. ITI., p. 287 (1903); Genera Ins. Fam. Culicid., p. 21 (1905). In the previous description of this genus it was stated the scutellum had narrow-curved scales, these mostly occur in the centre of the mid lobe, the rest of the scutellum is mainly clothed with small flat scales, which are fewest on the lateral lobes, but form a dense layer on each side of the mid area of narrow-curved scales; there are a few narrow-curved scales on the lateral lobes also, most prominent in Howardina aurites. Three species occur in the genus, as follows :— a. Thorax with golden median lines. Sides of thorax white ............cccccceeseeeeenees walkert. Theobald. Sides of thorax golden,..........cccsecceeceeceeeers aurites. 0D. sp. aa. Thorax with one median golden line ,,....... seth. greenit, Theobald, = Genus Howardina. — 215 HowarDINA WALKERI. Theobald (1901). Culex (Stegomyia) walkeri. Theobald. Mono, Culicid. I., p. 424 (1901); ITI., p. 287 (1903); Mosq. of Jamaica, p. 20 (1905), Theobald and Grabham. The hind legs in the female, with a broad basal white band to the first, second and third tarsals, ungues equal and simple. A fresh series sent by Dr. Grabham from Jamaica show no variations from the one described in Vol. III., but the hind legs which were partly missing are seen to be banded - as above. Life-history.—The mature insect appears in January, April and May, and is evidently uncommon in the island. It comes in the genus Howardina, which belongs to the Culicinae, and not to the Aedinae. It iscalled in Jamaica the Pine-wood Mosquito. The following is Dr. Grabham’s account of the various stages :— ‘The larva assumes a nearly vertical position in the water when resting at the surface film. Colour of head and siphon is light brown, of thorax and abdomen very dark grey ; latter have a thick appearance owing to the presence of large tufted hairs. The abdominal segments have a ring of tufted hairs, about eight in number, at the apex and base. One to seven segments have paired lateral simple hairs. *« Pecten of tube composed of a row (extending nearly whole length of tube) of simple, slightly-curved bristles, about twenty in number. “‘ Chitinous ring of the ninth segment not complete ventrally ; a peculiar digitate hair at the postero-inferior border articulated by a ball-and-socket facet, and terminating in eight to ten bristles ; this appears to be an extra swimming paddle. Both upper and lower brushes of hairs few in number ; lower brush arises from a diamond-shaped plate of chitin situated between the extremities of the incomplete chitinous ring. ‘«‘ Antennae have the lateral hairs at junction of upper and middle thirds, terminal hairs short. “ Lower lip of Meinert rather flat, of nineteen to twenty teeth. Lateral combs of eighth segment of seven to eight stout bristles, each springing from a strong base; bristles curved inwards towards the points, “Tufted hairs of five to twenty flattened trichae arranged in a rosette. 216 A Monograph of Culicidae. ‘‘Siphon nearly in same straight line as first seven segments ; eighth and ninth segments curved away, siphon twice as long as broad. “ Larvae very timid, hurrying to bottom of jar on the slightest Fig. 56, Larval characters of Howardina walkeri. Theobald (after Grabham), - a, Labial plate; b, antenna; c, siphon; d, scale of comb ; e, digitate hair from posterior border of 9th segment. provocation ; avoid light, are always on dark side of bottle. Length of pupa stage is nearly four days. “ The Bromeliasin which larvae have beenfound are: Zillandsia utriculata, L., and Caragauta ligulata, Lindl.” Economic importance.—Beyond biting slightly, little or no economic importance is attached to this uncommon species. HOWARDINA AURITES. Ni. Sp. Head with golden scales in the middle and creamy ones laterally, with two median dark areas and two smaller lateral dark ones. Thorax deep black with two median golden lines which unite to form one line behind, and another golden line on each side Genus Howardina. 217 running from the front to back of mesonotum ; and a small golden-scaled area on each side. Abdomen black with basal white spots and a few white basal scales. Legs deep brown, fore and mid unbanded, hind legs with basal white bands to first and second tarsals only. Q. Head deep brown with a median area of golden narrow-curved scales, then flat black ones forming a lateral line on each side, then flat golden scales shading into creamy-yellow with a small area of dark scales on each side bordering the eyes, a few small dark upright forked scales; proboscis deep brown, unbanded ; palpi deep brown, a few creamy apical scales ; antennae deep brown, basal segment deep brown, pale inside. Thorax deep blackish with two parallel thin golden scaled lines in the middle uniting behind into one line, which widens out over the bare space in front of the scutellum; a thin golden line on each side running the whole length of the meso- notum ending at the scutellum, and a small golden-scaled area on each side of the mesothorax, the dark intervening spaces are scantily clothed with narrow-curved deep bronzy-brown scales ; scutellum with narrow-curved golden scales in the centre of the mid lobe, small flat black ones at the sides, the lateral lobes with narrow-curved golden scales, mid lobe with three large posterior border-bristles ; metathorax deep brown; pleurae brown with one large silvery spot. Abdomen black, with basal silvery-white lateral spots and the last two or three segments with traces of basal white bands ; venter with many pale scales, the last three segments with broad basal silvery bands. Legs deep brown, pale at base and ventral surface of femora, Fig. 57. Wing of Howardina aurites. 9. Theobald. fore and mid legs unbanded, the hind with a basal white band to the first and second tarsals ; ungues equal and simple. Fork-cells small ; first sub-margina] longer and narrower than 218 A Monograph of Culicidae. the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing than that of the second posterior cell, its stem about half the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior nearly as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein twice its own length distant from the mid, Halteres pale. Length.—4°5 to 5 mm. Habitat.—Newecastle, Jamaica, W.I. (Colonel Tnmpeben: Time of capture.—J uly. Observations—Two 9s sent by Dr. Grabham, and collected “ Colonel Loscombe. The species can at once be told from Howardina walkeri by its golden-scaled lines and sides and the hind legs having only two, not three, basal white bands. HOWARDINA CHRYSOLINEATA. N. sp. Head deep brown, pale behind and around the eyes ; proboscis broadly pale banded. Thorax rich brown with a narrow median golden line, a shorter lateral one on each side and two curved ones at the sides behind. Scutellum dark with a median pale line. Abdomen deep brown, unbanded, with basal lateral white spots. Legs with basal pale bands on the mid and hind pairs. 2. Head black with narrow-curved pale scales at the back and extending to the eyes, laterally the flat scales are black, except around the eyes where they are pale creamy-yellow and some white ones at the sides; upright forked scales black ; proboscis pale creamy with a narrow dark basal band and a broad dark apical one; palpi black, pale scaled at the apex; two median pale bristles projecting forwards between the eyes, other bristles dark. Antennae deep brown, internodes hairy. Thorax deep brown with small narrow-curved rich brown scales, a median thin line of golden scales, a short one on each side in front and two curved ones on each side behind just in front of the roots of the wings, where is also a small patch of pale scales ; chaetae deep brown ; scutellum pale brown with small flat dark scales, a median line of narrow-curved ones to the median lobe ; four brown chaetae to the mid lobe of the scutellum ; metanotum brown ; pleurae deep brown with flat white scales. Abdomen deep brown unbanded with basal white lateral spots, venter with basal white bands ; posterior border-bristles pale golden. Legs brown, coxae pale ; fore legs unbanded, apex of femora and tibiae pale ; in the mid legs a narrow pale band at the base et ee A Genus [Hulecoeteomyia. 219 of the second tarsal ; hind femora with a pale area near the base on one side; base of hind first tarsal with a narrow pale band, of second and third hind tarsals with broad pale bands ; fore and mid ungues uniserrate, hind equal and simple. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base about level with that of the latter, its stem a little more than half the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior two-thirds the length of the cell ; posterior cross-vein longer than the mid nearly twice its own length distant from it. Length.—3 mm. Habitat.—Pundabroya, Ceylon (E. E. Green), Observations.— Described from a single ?. It can at once be told from H. greenii, Theobald, by the lines on the thorax, unbanded abdomen and banded hind legs. ——_————— Genus HULECOETEOMYIA. Theobald. The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVIL., p. 163 (1904). Head mostly covered with flat scales, but there is a pro- nounced median area of narrow-curved scales, which also exist along the nape and around the eyes. Palpi short in the female ; in the male the palpi are long, but shorter than the proboscis, thin and devoid of hair-tufts ; the apical segment about half the length of the penultimate. Scutellum with a rosette of flat and some- what spindle-shaped scales to mid-lobe, scattered ones of similar form on lateral lobes ; prothoracic lobes with small flat scales ; fork-cells small. This genus can at once be told by the cephalic characters, and by the scutellar scales, which, as pointed out by Dr. Leicester, differ entirely from those in Stegomyia. I have not yet detected any scales in the Culieina like those on the scutellum in this genus ; they are somewhat difficult to make out in form, but apparently are all rounded apically, not pointed as in true spindle-shaped scales. Two species have so far been taken. They might easily be mistaken for Stegomyias unless microscopically examined. Giles’ Stegomyia pseudotaeniata, from Northern India, is the second species, 220 A Monograph of Culicidae. HULECOETEOMYIA TRILINEATA. Leicester (1904), The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVITI., p. 163 (1904). Thorax rich brown, with three narrow golden lines, the median one entire, the lateral broken before the roots of the wings. Abdomen black, with pearly white lateral basal spots in the female, with narrow white bands in the male. Legs black, basally pale-banded, most prominently on the hind legs. Fork-cells short. Male palpi about four-fifths the length of the proboscis. “0. Head black, clothed with flat black scales and numerous upright black forked scales ; there is a line of narrow- curved scales, creamy yellow in colour, running down the centre and along the orbital margins, and behind over the nape, scattered among the flat black scales, are a few white narrow- | curved ones; laterally there is a patch of white flat scales succeeded by black scales, which are followed again by white scales ; on the vertex, projecting forwards between the eyes, is a tuft of pale golden bristles ; there are other bristles along the orbital margins which are black at the base and pale at the tip. Antennae with the basal segment dusky black, with small black spindle-shaped scales on its inner face (in some specimens this segment is ferruginous), remaining segments black ; second segment black-scaled ; verticillate hairs black ; all the segments after second clothed with short silky white hairs. Clypeus black, frosted. Palpi yellowish-brown, of four segments ; first segment constricted in the middle, fourth segment very small, clothed with black spatulate scales except towards the tip, which is white-scaled. The amount of this white scaling varies. In one specimen it includes little more than the last segment, in another one it includes half the penultimate segment. Proboscis yellowish-brown, black-scaled dorsally and laterally ; beneath it is white-scaled ; about half-way white scales appear laterally, and may even go right round, forming a complete band. Prothoracic lobes simple, prominent, white-scaled. Mesonotum dark brown, clothed with narrow- curved scales, black under a hand lens, but under a two-thirds power the tips appear pale golden ; there is a central line of pale golden scales which forks in front of the scutellum, enclosing an unscaled area; on either side there is another line which runs back about one-third the total distance; placed a little further out is another line running forwards from the scutellum and e==__ Genus LHulecoeteomyia. 221 ending just a little to one side of the anterior lateral line; there is another golden line over the roots of the wings, and on the anterior margin, just above the prothoracic lobes, are scattered white scales; there are numerous black bristles arranged in lines. The scutellum is tawny brown; on the central lobe there is a patch of black almost spindle-shaped scales arranged in a rosette, with a central line of creamy white scales which become narrow-curved scales at the apex of the scutellum ; the lateral lobes have a few black narrow-curved scales. The scutellum is not heavily scaled, and the scales are quite unlike those of an ordinary Stegomyia ; there are four to six bristles on the central lobe, two of which are pale golden, four black. Pleurae dark brown, with patches of broad white scales. Wings clad with black scales ; median scales rather long and narrow spatulate- shaped ; lateral scales lanceolate ; some white scales on the costa at its base. Fork-cells of moderate length ; first sub-marginal longer and narrower than second posterior, its base nearer the base of the wing, the cell longer than its stem. Supernumerary and mid cross-veins meeting at an angle; posterior cross-vein twice its own length from mid cross-vein. Legs with the coxae creamy yellow ; femora of fore and mid legs black-scaled dorsally and laterally, white-scaled beneath; a ring of golden brown spines around the apex; tibiae the same as femora minus the spines, except that the extreme apex is clothed with a few creamy yellow scales; first and second tarsal segments basally banded with creamy yellow, the remainder black-scaled ; ungues equal and uniserrate ; hind femora scaled as the others, except for a patch of white scales about the middle of the anterior and posterior surfaces ; knee spot creamy ; tibia entirely black-scaled, with four lines of short white spines running down its whole length ; first tarsal basally banded ; next two tarsal segments very broadly basally banded with creamy white. Ungues equal and simple. Metanotum dark chestnut-brown. MHalteres with black- scaled stems and white-scaled knobs. Abdomen black-scaled ; a few white scales at the bases of the segments after the second, but scarcely amounting to basal banding in some specimens ; laterally there are triangular patches of white scales, and ventrally the segments are basally banded white. 6. Head as in the female; the antennae have pale internodes and dark nodes ; the two last segments are very long ; verticillate hairs long and black; palpi about four-fifths the length of the proboscis, dirty white, black-scaled ; a naked area 222 A Monograph of . Culicidae. in the middle of second segment which shows white under a lens ; white scales, may or may not form a complete band, at the apex of the second and third segments; these scales may involve both sides of the joint—they are variable. Proboscis long, black-scaled, with a narrow band of white scales about its centre. The thoracic scaling is the same as in the female, and the leg scaling also. Wing scaling similar but not so heavy. Abdominal banding more marked, all the segments showing fairly broad basal white bands and large lateral spots. The penultimate segment shows a dorsal patch of white scales with a pearly lustre. The fore and mid ungues large, unequal, larger tooth biserrate. Length, female, 5 mm. ; male 4 mm. Time of capture.—April. Habitat Kuala Lumpur (Dr. ouirinnie N Observations.—The two types sent by Dr. Leicester are not quite perfect, having been damaged in transit. They were bred from larvae taken in bamboo jungle on the Pahang Road, about 53 miles from Kuala Lumpur. The. thoracic adornment is so very marked the species cannot well be mistaken, for in Macleaya tremula, which it resembles, the golden scales of the mesothorax form but very indistinct lines, not clear narrow ones as in this species. Dr. Leicester’s description of the scutellum must be modified, for the scales are certainly not of the usual spindle shape, but flattened on the mid lobe, much smaller and more irregular than in Stegomyia and with more rounded apices. | HULECOETEOMYIA PSEUDOTAENIATA. Giles (1901). Stegomyia pseudotaeniata. Giles. The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVI., p. 192 (1901). This species comes well in this genus. It has been found in the following fresh locality : Dehra Dhoon (Capt. Thomson).* * A series has just been received from Mr. Banks from the Philippine Islands. Genus Phagomyia. 223 Genus PHAGOMYIA. Theobald. Genera Insect. Fam. Culicid., p. 21 (1905). Head clothed with flat scales, except for a few scales along the nape. Scutellum with small flat scales on the mid. lobe, narrow- curved ones on the lateral lobes. Allied to Stegomyia but easily separated by the narrow-curved scales on the lateral lobes of the scutellum. Two species are definitely known and possibly a third (nigri- cephala) belongs here. 1. P. gubernatoris, Giles, The Entom., p. 104 (1901) (Northern India). Stegomyia gubernatoris, Giles. 2. P. writans, Theobald, Rep. Liverpool School Trop. Med., p. 3, App. (1901) (Bonny, West Africa). 3. P.(?) nigricephala, Theobald, idem, p. 4, App. (1901) (Bonny, West Africa). . Genus POLYLEPTIOMYIA. Theobald. Genera Insect. Fam. Culicid., p. 21 (1905). Head clothed with flat scales and with narrow-curved ones on the nape. Scutellum with spindle-shaped scales to the mid lobe, flat ones to the lateral lobes. Allied to Stegomyia but told by the narrow-curved scales on the head and the scutellar scales. A single species only occurs in the genus. P. albocephala, Theobald, Mono. Culicid. Vol. III., p. 140 (1903) (Gambia). Genus PSEUDOHOWARDINA. nov. gen. Head clothed mostly with flat scales, but there is a small median area of narrow-curved scales, and a few of the latter forming a border around the eyes and along the nape. Palpi short in the 9, long in the ¢. Scales of mesonotum are narrow- curved, also those of the scutellum. Wings with vein scales resembling those of Stegomyia ; fork- cells rather small. 224 A Monograph of Culierdae. This genus is founded on Coquillett’s Culex trivittatus, which resembles to some extent Howardina walkeri, Theobald. It is separated from Howardina by the fact that all the scutellar scales are narrow-curved ones, whilst some of those of Howardina are flat. The cephalic characters resemble those of Hulecoeteomyia, Theobald, but the scutellar characters again separate the two genera. PSEUDOHOWARDINA TRIVITTATA. Coquillett (1902). Culex trivittatus. Coquillett. Culicada trivittatus. Coquillett. Ochlerotatus trivitiatus. Coquillett. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Journ. X., p. 194 (1902), Coquillett; Bull. 79, Ent. 22, N. Y. St. Mus., p. 333 and 319a (1904), Felt (Culicada trivittatus) ; Class. Mosq. N. and M. America Tech. Se. 11, p. 18 (1906) (Ochlerotatus), Coquillett. Head brown, with ochreous median area; proboscis brown, unbanded. Thorax with a broad median brown stripe, a lateral broad pale creamy stripe on each side which meet in front behind the head. Abdomen deep brown, unbanded, with large basal lateral creamy spots. Legs unbanded, deep brown, base of femora pallid. 9. Head deep brown, with a broadish creamy stripe of narrow-curved scales, the major area of head with flat scales, an erat Uy } ee Fig. 58. Cephalic and scutellar adornment of Pseudohowardina trivittata. 9. Coquillett. of a dusky creamy colour passing into brown, forming a dark spot on each side, very narrow-curved creamy scales forming a Genus Pseudohowardina. 225 border around the eyes ; fork scales of mid area ochreous, those of lateral area dusky and brown ; chaetae brown, except those between the eyes which are golden; palpi deep blackish-brown with long black chaetae: proboscis deep blackish brown. Thorax deep brown, with narrow-curved scales, the median ones deep rich bronzy brown, forming a median dark broad stripe, the lateral ones pale creamy, forming broad lateral pale stripes which somewhat broaden out posteriorly and so narrow the median dark area; at the extreme sides of the mesonotum the scales become darker, rich brown; chaetae brown, rather short but long posteriorly ; scutellum brown with narrow-curved pale creamy scales and deep brown border-bristles ; metanotum almost black ; pleurae deep brown, with patches of flat white scales and a few dull chaetae. Abdomen brown, with deep brown scales i iing violet reflections, and with large basal white triangular patches, ex- tending some distance along each segment ; border-bristles pale ; venter entirely creamy scaled. Legs deep brown, femora pale creamy at base and beneath ; ungues all equal and uniserrated. Wings with rather small fork-cells; scales very similar to Stegomyia ; first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, its Mercer ce a i i cc viata Fv ae lnc! Sk Fig 59. Wing of Pseudohowardina trivittata. 2. Coquillett. stem more than half the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior cell as long or slightly longer than the cell; posterior cross-vein longer than the mid, not quite its own length distant from it. Halteres with ochreous stem and pale-scaled knob. Length.—4 to 5°5 mm. Habitat.—Chester, Great Piece Meadow, South Orange, New Brunswick, in New Jersey ; Bath-on-Hudson and Poughkeepsie, New York (Professor E. P. Felt); Illinois; Fort Sill, Okla ; VOL. IV. Q 226 A se lh of Culreidae. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas ; Westlawn Cem., Ohio (Miss Ludlow)’; ; Connecticut (H. L. V16teK. Time of capture.—July, August, September (Smith). Observations.— Described from specimens sent me by Professors Felt and Smith. It is a woodland species, so far not yet having been found indoors. Specimens have been taken in the northern part of New Jersey in July, August, and September. It is said to attack fiercely, especially below the knees, but no one seems to have been really bitten. The larvae occur in woodland ponds, and have been found in Fig. 60. Larval characters of Pseudohowardina trivittata. Coquillett. a, Antennae of larva; b, terminal segments and siphon ; c, single scale of 8th segment ; d, siphonal! spines ; e, labial pla e, June, July, and August in New Jersey. In colour the mature specimens are dark grey, except head, siphon and anal segment, the former being yellow with large dark-brown blotches, the two latter dark brown; antennae short with many short broad spines, tuft of 8-10 hairs just below the middle; apex with one long spine, two short ones, and an articulating joint ; mentum triangular, 15 small teeth on each side of apex ; comb of eighth segment with 14—22 scales, each scale broad with a very acute apex and lateral spines decreasing towards the base ; pecten of siphon of 13-18 spines in each row, toothed at the base except the terminal one ; anal gills short and thick. Genus Culiciomyia. 227 EK. P. Felt placed this insect in his genus Culicada, but it bears no resemblance to the type of Culicada or the allied species. It comes very near Howardina but must be placed in a new genus. | Genus CULICIOMYIA. nov. gen. Head clothed with flat scales over most of its surface, and spreading around the eyes, a triangular area of narrow-curved scales in the middle, and at the base of the area at the back of the head ; numerous long upright forked scales, Scutellum with narrow-curved scales. Palpi short in the 9 ; long and acuminate with scanty hair-tufts in the ¢. Wings with moderate sized fork-cells, the scales of Taeniorhynchus like form but smaller. Male genitalia very marked, the clasper has teeth on the outer edge of varied form, and there are large complex basal spines. This genus may be easily told by the flat scales of the head spreading far on to its upper surface, and around the eyes and the wing scales. It resembles Culex in general appearance, but can at once be distinguished by the characters mentioned above. Five species occur; two from Borneo and one from New Guinea and two from Africa. They tabulate as follows :— a. Abdomen unbanded. 8. First sub-marginal cell longer than pos- CE OOS, a UA wmornata. Nn. sp. BB. First sub-marginal cell no longer than ee a a, oe Saar ceylonica. 0. Sp. aa. Abdomen with basal and apical bands...... annulata. Nn. sp. aaa. Abdomen with basal grey bands............... pulla. Theobald. aaaa. Abdomen with apical grey lateral spots ... freetownensis. Theobald. CULICIOMYIA INORNATA. DN. Sp. Head greyish in some lights, brown in others; palpi and proboscis brown. ‘Thorax reddish-brown. Abdomen brown, unbanded. Legs brown, unbanded. ?. Head brown clothed with flat creamy and grey scales extending well on to occiput and around the eyes, some of these Q 2 228 A Monograph of Culierdae. show pale dull mauve reflections ; a median area of narrow-curved — pale creamy scales roughly triangular in form, the base being towards the nape and the apex coming between the eyes, numerous | ; ) f WK SH Subd ) ( erhanhed Fig. 61. Culiciomyia inornata. Theobald. Head of and & and @ scutellum. dark, thin, upright forked scales; chaetae rich brown. Palpi small, brown, also the proboscis. Antennae brown ;_ basal segment brown, with minute hairs. Thorax deep brown, with narrow-curved brown scales, appearing much darker under the microscope than with a hand lens, when they give the thorax a reddish-brown hue, some paler scales before the scutellum; chaetae brown; scutellum pale brown with narrow-curved pale scales, and eight brown border- bristles to the mid lobe; metanotum bright brown; pleurae brown and grey with some black chaetae. Abdomen bright brown with deep brown scales showing dull violet reflection ; first segment with a median patch of dark scales and long brown hairs; border-bristles brown ; venter yellowish. Legs brown, unbanded ; femora rather swollen, ochreous ventrally ; ungues all equal and simple. Wings with rather short fork-cells; the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, its base about Genus Culiciomyia. 229 level with that of the second posterior, its stem more than half the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior rather more than two-thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein rather longer than the mid, about two and a half times its own Fig. 62. Wing of Culiciomyia inornata. 9. Theobald. length distant from it ; the lateral vein scales, especially towards the apical half of the wing, dense and large, somewhat of - Taeniorhynchus form. Halteres with pale stem and fuscous knob. Length.—4°5 to 5°5 mm. ¢- fPalpi brown, acuminate, last two segments with scanty brown hair-tufts, a nude band towards the base appearing as a pale band ; antennae with brown plume-hairs and long grey to white internodes. Thorax, abdomen and legs as in the 9°. Ungues of fore and mid legs unequal, the larger with a long tooth, the smaller with a small acute basal tooth, hind ones equal and simple. Wings scaled as in 9?, but the scales fewer and rather shorter ; first sub-marginal cell a little longer and somewhat narrower than the second posterior cell, its base slightly nearer the apex of the wing, its stem as long as the cell, stem of the second posterior longer than the cell which is widest at the border of the wing ; posterior cross-vein longer than the mid, and about two and a half times its own length distant from it. The apical segment of palp about one and three-fourths longer than the penultimate. Male genitalia very marked, the clasper arises from a prominence on the basal lobe, and is much contorted and spinose above one edge, and ends in a hook, the terminal segment is very thin and comes off laterally from the base of the hook, on the prominence arising from the basal lobe before the origin of the 230 A Monograph of Culicidae. clasper is a foliate plate, and from the apex of the basal lobe arises a large dark spine curved at the apex, three smaller sword- | Fig. 63. Male genitalia of Culiciomyia inornata. Theobald. like spines and a ventral curved one and numerous other long chaetae. Length—5 mm. Habitat.—Sarawak Kuching (Dr. A. J. 8. Barker, P.M.O.). Time of capture.-—November. | Observations.—Taken at night in a house. Easily told from the other species with unbanded abdomen by the first sub- marginal cell being longer than the posterior cell. The genitalia are very peculiar, ‘and also easily separate the ¢’s from those of the following species. CULICIOMYIA ANNULATA. Ni. Sp. Head brown, pale at the sides and around the eyes; palpi and proboscis brown. Thorax brown, unadorned. Abdomen brown with pale bands involving both sides of the segments venter yellow. Legs brown, unbanded, pale basally. 2. Head brown, with pale creamy-grey flat scales extending well on to the occiput and around the eyes, with narrow-curved golden scales in the middle, deep brown upright forked scales behind, bright brown ones in front ; clypeus brown ; palpi brown with deep brown scales especially apically ; proboscis deep brown ; antennae brown ; basal segment brown, base of second segment bright testaceous. Genus Culiciomyia. 231 Thorax deep brown with narrow-curved dull golden-brown scales, golden chaetae in front, brown elsewhere ; scutellum pale brown with narrow-curved pale scales and seven brown border- bristles to the mid lobe ; metanotum pale brown; pleurae grey, with a prominent round black spot beneath the base of the wings. Abdomen brown, the segments with narrow apical and broad basal yellow bands ; posterior border-bristles pale ; venter yellow. Legs brown, unbanded, femora pale at base and beneath ; ungues small, equal and simple. _ Wings with rather short fork-cells; the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, its stem more than half the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior Fig. 64, Wing of Culiciomyia annulata. 9. n. sp. cell about two-thirds the length of the cell, its base about level with that of the first fork-cell ; posterior cross-vein longer than the mid, about twice its own length distant from it; halteres pale, but with slightly dusky knob. Length.—4 to 4°5 mm. ¢. Head much as in the 9, but with denser upright forked scales, dark behind and ochreous in front; palpi pale brown acuminate, hair-tufts pale brown. Thorax asin the 9. The abdominal bands much wider, the apical portion being narrow, the basal very wide, often extending more than half across the segments. Fore and mid ungues unequal, uniserrate, hind equal and simple. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior cell, their bases nearly level, stem of the first sub-marginal about two-thirds the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior cell about three-fourths the length of the cell ; posterior cross-vein longer than the mid, about its own length distant from it. an 232 A Monograph of Culrcidae. The apical segment of the palpi about one and a third longer than the penultimate, both with brown hair-tufts. The clasper of male genitalia differing from the former species in having four large teeth towards its apex, beyond the finely spinose outer mass, apex hook-like, the terminal segment slightly expanded apically, with a dark median line ; the clasper arises from the end of the basal segment on one side ; instead of a foliate plate there is a broad thin plate with fimbriated border, : } \, a SAMA / AA At M Wh : ( | Vig, 65. | | | | Male genitalia of Culiciomyia annulata. and one very large dark curved spine with hooked apex, and three smaller sword-like spines, one larger than the other two. Length.—4°5 mm. Habitat.—Sarawak at Kuching (Dr. A. J. S. Barker, P.M.O.). Time of capture.—November. Observations.—Taken at night in a house with the foregoing. At once separated by the banded abdomen, the bands involving both sides of the segments. The male genitalia also separate the males very easily from that species. It looks like a small Culex pipiens at first sight. CuLiciomMyIA PULLA. Theobald (1905). Culex pullus. Theobald. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. III., p. 87 (1905). Head deep brown, with tawny brown scales ; palpi, proboscis and antennae deep brown. ‘Thorax deep brown, densely clothed with reddish-brown scales. Abdomen deep brown, with grey Genus Culiciomyia. 233 basal areas, the third and fourth segments with more or less triangular areas, the following with more or less complete bands. Legs brown, unbanded. Wings of typical Culex form. @. Head clothed with very small, narrow-curved, pale golden scales in the middle, and passing as a narrow area up to between the eyes; on the sides and spreading some way on to the occiput and around the eyes are flat dull grey scales, some- what irregularly disposed, and a few black upright forked scales. Palpi small and _ thin, densely black scaled. Proboscis deep brown; clypeus brown; antennae deep brown, basal segment testaceous. Abdomen deep brown, a few — cyziciomyia pulla. ¢. Theobald. pale scales in the middle at the Cephalic ornamentation. base of the second segment, the base of the third and fourth segments with grey triangular spots, the other segments with grey basal bands ; venter yellowish. : Legs uniformly brown with ochreous reflections, coxae and femora beneath ochreous ; ungues equal and simple. Wings with fork-cells moderately long, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem rather more than half the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior about two-thirds the length of the cell ; cross-veins very pale, the posterior more than its own length distant from the mid. Halteres with yellow stem and slightly fuscous knob. Length.—3 mm. Habitat.—Muina, New Guinea (Bird, 1900). Observations.—Described from a single perfect 9. It re- sembles at first sight C. fatigans, Wied., but differs in (i) the small reddish-brown narrow-curved scales which are of quite different form to those in C. fatigans, and in the marked cephalic seale arrangement. The flat scales spread some way on to the top of the head in front, and are irregularly disposed, but the typical narrow-curved head scales of Culex are present even to the front just between the eyes, and cover most of the top of the head. It can be told from the other two species in this genus by the pale grey basal abdominal bands. Fig. 66. 234 A Monograph of Culieidae. CULICIOMYIA PREETOWNENSIS. Theobald (1 pegs are Culex freetownensis. Theobald. Mono. Culicid. II., p. 69 (1901). A iresh series of this species has been received from Captain Grattan, R.A.M.C., from Sierra Leone, both males and females. It comes in the new genus described here (Culiciomyta). Fig. 67. Wing of Culiciomyia freetownensis. ¢. Theobald. Both cephalic ornamentation and wing scales are seen to agree at once, and then on examination the strange male genitalia are found to place it definitely in this genus. One specimen () was taken sucking the blood from the ear Fig. 68. Culiciomyia freetownensiz, Theobald. a and a;, Male clasper ; b, foliate plate of gd; c, female palp ; d, apex of male palp. and mouth of a frog, others in the barracks, hospital, and in the town during January and February. Further details are given here, especially in regards” to minute structure. Genus Culiciomyia. 235: 6- The clasper of the male genitalia is curved with a thin lateral wing on the outer side at the curve, and a broader thin wing on the inner side ; at the apical moiety of the outer wing is a tuft of blunt spines, and on the inner, more apically situated, is a single bristle arising from a prominent mamilla ; the apex of the clasper has a blunt tooth at right angles, giving a hook-like appearance, and there are some minute processes between it and the tuft of blunt spines ; the terminal segment is short and very broad, with a median rod and expands apically, and arises on one side near the hook-like extremity of the clasper ; the foliate plate is broad and very concave on one side. The male palpi are acuminate, the apical segment nearly three times as long as the penultimate, and with long scanty hairs. The fore ungues are unequal, not nearly equal as mentioned in Vol. IT., but not so unequal in size as in the mid ~ Fig. 69. Wing of Culiciomyia freetownensis. @. Theobald. pair. The first sub-marginal cell is much longer and but little narrower than the second posterior cell, its base slightly nearer the base of the wing, its stem a little more than half the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior cell rather more than two-thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein much longer than the mid, nearly twice its own length distant from it ; scales of normal Culiciomyian form. @. The apical segment of the palpi longer than the rest of the organ, apparently composed of four segments, the basal two small. CULICIOMYIA MINUTISSIMA. nN. Sp. Head deep brown, paler around the eyes; proboscis long, unbanded. Thorax deep rich brown, showing traces of two darker areas in front. Abdomen brown with narrow dull yellow bands. Legs brown, unbanded. Very small—2 mm. =~. as a i 7 236 A Monograph of Culicidae. 2. Head deep brown with slaty grey flat scales at the sides and passing round the eyes, a few creamy ones in the middle in front, a large median triangular patch of long thin curved creamy scales and small black upright forked scales ; chaetae black, except two reddish-brown ones which project forwards between the eyes; eyes black and silvery ; palpi and long thin proboscis black; clypeus brown; antennae deep brown with testaceous basal segment. Thorax brown, showing some darker longitudinal lines, and with scanty, small, narrow-curved, pale, dull golden scales and black chaetae, some very long ones over the roots of the wings ; scutellum brown and testaceous, with narrow-curved pale scales and four brown chaetae to the mid lobe; metanotum rich uniform brown ; pleurae brown and testaceous, some small flat pale scales ; spiracle very large. Abdomen brown, the first two segments unbanded, third showing traces of a basal pale band, fourth and fifth with basal white bands, remainder unbanded, lateral pale spots, the first two pale grey, the others creamy yellow. Legs deep brown, unbanded ; ungues equal and simple. Wings with the fork-cells rather short, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, its base nearer : the base of the wing, its stem about half the length of the cell ; | stem of the second posterior about two-thirds the length of the | cell ; posterior cross-vein sloping backwards, twice its own length distant from the mid; halteres with dusky stem and fuscous knob. ) Length.—2 mm. | Habitat.—Peradeniya, Ceylon (E. E. Green). Time of capture.—¥ebruary. Observations.—A very small species, easily told by its size and abdominal ornamentation. The scutellum, having only four border-bristles to the mid lobe, gives it the facies of an Aedine, but it resembles in all other details Culiciomyia. CULICIOMYIA CEYLONICA. 0. sp. Head large, black. Thorax pale dusky reddish-brown, with two parallel darker lines. Abdomen black, unbanded. Legs brown, unbanded. Fork-cells of equal length, base of first fork- cell nearer apex of wing than that of the second. Male palpi deep brown, unbanded ; abdomen with false pale basal banding. ‘ hee) Genus Culiciomyia. 37 @. Head large, black, clothed with flat dull pale violet scales, a few creamy ones around the eyes and a triangular basal median area of scanty dull creamy very small narrow-curved ones, brown upright forked scales and bright brown inwardly projecting chaetae in front; clypeus ochreous ; palpi ochreous at base, deep brown scales elsewhere; proboscis deep brown : antennae brown, basal segment and base of second segment ochreous. Thorax pale dusky reddish-brown, with pale narrow-curved scales and brown chaetae. In some lights it shows two median parallel darker lines; the scales become paler posteriorly and pass on to the pale scutellum, which has golden-brown posterior border-bristles, six to the mid lobe ; metanotum chestnut-brown. Abdomen deep brown, unbanded, some of the scales showing deep violet reflections and some paler scales laterally, border- bristles pallid. Legs brown, unbanded, femora paler ventrally ; femora and tibiae spiny, also the first tarsals; apex of femora and tibiae swollen ; ungues equal and simple, small. Wings with the fork-cells short, the first sub-marginal narrower but very little longer than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the apex of the wing than that of the second a i te i a a a | Fig. 70. Wing of Culiciomyia ceylonica. @. nN. Sp. posterior cell, its stem not quite so long as the cell ; stem of the second posterior also not quite so long as the cell ; posterior cross- vein longer than the mid, not quite twice its own length distant from it. Length.—3 mm. 6. Head and thorax as in the 9. Abdomen narrow, the last few apical segments showing traces of paler basal scales, scarcely forming bands, however ; hairs brown. Palpi deep brown, acuminate, the apical segment longer than the penultimate, both with longish brown hairs, no trace of 238 A Monograph | of Culreidae. banding, somewhat swollen basally; proboscis deep brown ; antennae brown with dark bands and hairs, basal segment ochreous. Legs with fore and mid ungues unequal, uniserrate; hind equal and simple. Wings with short fork-cells, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, its base a little nearer the base of the wing than that of the latter, its stem as long as the cell ; stem of the second posterior longer than the cell; posterior cross-vein about its own length distant from the mid. Length.—3°3 rom. Habitat.— Peradeniya and Maskeliya, Ceylon (EK. E. Green). Time of capture.—February and April. Observations.— Described from a perfect female and male. It is closely related to C. inornata, 'Theo., but can easily be separated by the darker, larger head in the 9 and by the base of the first fork-cell being nearer the apex of the wing than that of the second, and the thorax is also differently coloured. The male palpi have the apical segment markedly longer than the penultimate. Genus NEOMACLEAYA. nov. gen. Head clothed with flat scales all over except for a narrow median double row of narrow-curved ones, no upright forked scales; palpi short in the female. Thorax clothed with narrow curved scales, also the scutellum. Wings with short fork-cells, lateral vein-scales long, rather thicker than in Culew. Closely allied to Macleaya, but there are no flat scales on the scutellum, and, to Danielsia, but the head scales do not agree in any way with those of the latter genus. NEOMACLEAYA INDICA. 0. Sp. Head black with a narrow median creamy line ; eyes black with a silvery edge near the head. ‘Thorax deep brown, uniformly clothed with rich brown scales. Abdomen deep brown, with a basal white band to second segment, a white band near the base on the third and fourth, white lateral spots (not quite forming bands) on the remainder. Legs unbanded. Wings with short fork-cells. ?. Head deep brown, clothed with flat black scales with dull ES CET i a = al Sn ae Genus Neomacleaya. 239 violet reflections and a median fore line with a single row of creamy-yellow narrow-curved seales on each side; palpi black scaled, slightly clavate ; proboscis black ; antennae brown, base of the second segment pale, the basal and second segment with some flat black scales. Black chaetae projecting inwards in front over the eyes. Thorax deep blackish-brown clothed with an irregular mass of small narrow-curved rich golden-brown scales, appearing duller in some lights; dense black chaetae over the roots of the wings ; scutellum with rather paler narrow-curved scales than the mesonotum and deep brown border-bristles ; metanotum brown ; pleurae brown. | Abdomen with the basal segment clothed with blackish scales and with golden-brown hairs ; second segment with a basal white band ; third and fourth segments with a white band near the base but separated from it by deep coloured scales, fifth with the band broken in the middle, the last segments with lateral white spots partly median, partly basal; border-bristles pale golden ; venter with many creamy scales. Legs deep brown ; femora creamy white at base and beneath ; fore and mid ungues equal, uniserrate. Wings with the fork-cells very short, the first sub-marginal narrower and but very little shorter than the second posterior, its base nearly level with that of the latter, its stem as long as the cell; stem of the second posterior also as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein sloping backwards, rather more than its own Jength distant from the mid. Halteres brown with grey scales on the outer sides of the knob. Length.—5 mm. Habitat.—India (Dr. Christophers). Observations.—This insect at first sight resembles Skusea funerea. It cannot be mistaken, however, if placed under the two-third power. The head and scutellar squamose characters and the marked abdominal ornamentation at once will render its identification an easy matter. 240 A Monograph of Culicidae. Genus DANIELSIA. Theobald. The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVII., p. 78 (1904); Gen. Ins. Fam, Culicid., p. 21 (1905). Head covered with small flat scales, with truncated ends, loosely and rather raggedly placed on the head, a few long narrow-curved ones behind and small up- right forked ones with them. Scutellum --_ with small narrow-curved scales; meso- LAA thorax with narrow-curved scales. Palpi short in the 2, densely scaled; in the ¢ as long as the proboscis, the two last segments. short, the apical rather shorter than or equal to the penultimate, hair-tufts scanty. Fork- cells of wings rather short. | This genus comes near Macleaya, but can at once be told by the narrow-curved scutellar scales. and from the allied Catageiomyia by the long g palpi. Five species of Danielsia are now known :— 1. D. albotaeniata, Leicester, The Entomo., p. 111 (1904) (Kuala Lumpur, Fed. Malay States). Fig. 71. 2. D. wellmanu, Theobald, The Entom., p. 103 (1905) (Bihé, Male palp Angola). and pro- : : houdig af 3. D. nigrescens, Nn. SD. (Brazil). Danielsia. 4. D. mediomaculata, n. sp. (Para, Brazil). 5. D. tripunctata, n. sp. (Rio Grande, Brazil). They tabulate as follows :— a. Proboscis barided 2.) .Laywabavadealeld.. albotaeniata. Theobald. aa. Proboscis unbanded. 8. Legs basally pale banded. y. Thorax deep brown, with a broad creamy area on each side, expanding in front and a short creamy median line.............0000. wellmanii. Theobald. yy. Thorax with bright creamy grey scales...... mediomaculata. MN. sp. 88. Legs with pale bands involving both sides SO A ones. « «i ntivins ain niniiaaiaiaail tripunctata, QM. sp. PP: BIE ONO «assy. soc syasrajoesnncnpesncennstianen qigrescens. N. Sp. .a few light brown ones. On the Genus Danielsia. 241 DANIELSIA ALBOTAENIATA.. Leicester (1904). The Entomologist, Vol. XXXVITI., p. 111 (1904). Thorax with the anterior half with shiny white scales, remainder brown, a lateral brown spot on each side of the silvery anterior area. Abdomen brown, with basal white bands. Hind legs broadly pale-banded basally; fore and mid with indistinct pale bands to the first and second tarsals. Q. Head black with frosty tomentum. There is a bare line down the centre, with a few narrow-curved scales on either side of it. Outside this, behind and in front, between the eyes, the head is thickly clad with broad spatulate scales slightly brown- tinged. There is an oblong spot parallel with the orbital margin of broad black scales, laterally white flat scales, then another small spot of black scales. Behind these are numerous upright forked scales, mostly black, with apex, between the eyes on either side three bristles, light brown at the base, black at the apex, / project forwards ; more laterally LYSIS tM, BUT oe ae a there are three other bristles and Fig. 72. then two. : Cephalic and scutellar adornment Antennae with the basal seg- of 6Rantitic: ment muddy brown with a dusky hue, clad with white scales on its inner surface ; second segment muddy at its base, black at the apex, clad with longish black scales ; remaining segments black, pale at the nodes, verticillate hairs black; silky-white hairs on the internodes. Palpi four- jointed, the two first segments round and small, the third somewhat swollen, the fourth longer than the third, fifth very minute and nipple-like, thickly covered with black scales, with a few long black bristles. Proboscis covered with black scales, except for one-fourth its length in the middle, clad with creamy scales. Clypeus rounded and black. Prothoracic lobes prominent, upper surface covered with broad white scales. Mesonotum dark brown. In front of the wing bases the mesonotum is entirely clad with silky white scales, except for a small notch of bronzy scales on either side. The white scaling has much the appearance of an inverted Y with a very thick stem, and there are white scales on the lateral margin. At the root of the scutellum is a VOL. IV. | R 242 A Monogragh of Culicidae. bare patch. On either side there are a few narrow white scales. The rest of the mesonotum is clad with bronzy narrow-curved scales. There is a row of bristles along the anterior margin of the mesonotum and over the roots of the wings. Scutellum yellowish-brown ; central lobe clad with white and black narrow-curved scales ; lateral lobes with white curved scales ; border-bristles ochraceous. Metanotum dark brown. Wings of Culex type, clad with dark brown scales; the median scales rather long and narrow, the lateral scales long and narrow with square ends. Fork-cells moderately long ; first sub-marginal longer but scarcely narrower than the second posterior, its base nearer the base of the wing ; stem about two- thirds the length of the cell. Supernumerary and mid cross- veins meet at an angle. Posterior cross-vein about three times its own length from the mid cross-vein ; fringe scales black. Pleurae with seven patches of silvery-white broad scales arranged in two rows of three and one patch above the middle coxae. Metanotum dark umber brown. Legs with the coxae creamy, fore and mid legs pale yellowish, covered with black spatulate scales, except the under surface of the femora, which shows a line of white scales, the under side of the base of the tibia, the apex of the tibia, which is ringed with creamy yellow scales in the fore leg and the base of the first tarsal, and the second tarsal segment which in both legs show a white band; hind femora covered with black scales; a ring of white scales about one-third of the total length, extends around the whole circumference save for a narrow line on the dorsum ; on the under surface of the apex some creamy yellow scales and a minute ring of the same placed just before the apex. Knee spot and under surface of tibia white scaled; a broad white band at the base of the first and three following tarsal segments. Fore and mid ungues equal and uniserrated. There are some pale golden bristles on all the tibiae. Abdomen covered with black scales, with basal white bands which expand laterally into broad spots, especially large on the seventh and eighth segments. Segments beneath, brown scaled, basally white banded. Length.—4°5 mm. g. Head black, frosted, clad almost entirely with broad flat white scales, parted in the centre over the occiput, leaving a bare line on the black head, showing broadest in front; a Genus Danielsia. 243 laterally there is an oblong patch of black scales which may almost disappear if the head shrinks much in drying; more laterally still a round patch of black scales. Between the edge of the first patch and the orbital margin is arow of white narrow-curved scales ; there are other narrow- curved scales on either side of the middle line just above the occipital foramen and a few on the vertex between the eyes. There are a moderate number of upright forked scales behind, and a few inserted amongst the black scales of the most median of the two black patches; they are dark brown in colour ; there are five brown bristles on either side projecting forwards ; in some specimens the median bristles are pale golden and white, and inwards more laterally there are three to five others. Antennae 15-jointed; the two last segments long and thin; basal segment dark dusky brown in the depression; a few narrow white scales on its inner face; remaining segments banded dark brown and white; the plumes dark silky brown tipped with white, except on segments seven to ten, where the plumes are pale yellowish brown. Proboscis black scaled. Palpi scarcely longer than the proboscis, black scaled, the two last segments clad with pale glistening white hairs; the brown lateral spots on the thorax smaller than in the female. Wings scaly, less dense, lateral scales being very few in number. Markings on legs similar to the female. Fore and mid ungues unequal, the larger tooth biserrate. Dorsum of the eighth segment of the abdomen covered with pearly white scales, pale golden hairs dense laterally on all the segments. Lengih.—4°5 mm. Time of capture.—April. Habitat.— Kuala Lumpur. Observations.—Dr. Leicester sent me this species with his description drawn up from fresh specimens They were taken as larvae in a bamboo jungle at Chang Road 5-52? miles from Kuala Lpmpur. The insect much resembles the Stegomyia nivea, Ludlow, but can at once be told by the leg-banding and by the squamose characters as not being a Stegomyia. The female specimen shows only three posterior border-bristles to the mid lobe of the scutellum. 244 A Monograph of Culicidae. DANIELSIA WELLMANII. Theobald, (1905). The Entomologist, Vol. XXXIX., p. 103 (1905). Head creamy white, with two median black spots. Palpi and proboscis brown. Thorax deep brown, with a broad creamy area on each side, expanding in front and passing around the front of the mesonotum, and with a short creamy median line arising from the pale anterior area; numerous golden-brown bristles posteriorly. Abdomen black with basal white lateral spots on basal segments, becoming median on the apical ones. Legs deep brown, front pair unbanded, mid and hind with a broad basal pale band to the first and second tarsal segments. gd. Head deep brown, with rather loosely applied flat creamy scales, with two large patches of flat dark scales above, and with creamy narrow-curved scales behind. Clypeus and proboscis black ; palpi rather long, black ; antennae black, with indistinct narrow grey bands. Thorax black clothed with narrow-curved bronzy-brown scales, with a broad creamy-scaled area on each side, which expands anteriorly, and which meets around the front and sends a narrow short median line of creamy scales into the brown area; a few pale scales in front of the scutellum and numerous golden-brown bristles on the roots of the wings ; prothoracic lobes with small flat creamy scales; scutellum with rather broad narrow-curved scales, narrowest on the lateral lobes; border-bristles bright golden-brown ; mesonotum black ; pleurae with white puncta. Abdomen black, with deep violet reflections; the basal segments with basal white lateral spots, which become median on the last two or three segments, the latter having a few white scales extending on to the dorsum and in the middle, but not forming bands ; border-bristles small, pale golden. Venter with basal white bands. Legs deep blackish-brown, the front pair with only a faint trace of a pale band at the base of the first tarsal; the mid and hind with a broad white basal band to the first and second tarsals ; fore and mid femora white beneath and at base; base of hind femora white and knee spot white. Ungues uniserrated, the tooth long. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its stem nearly two-thirds the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior as long as the Genus Danielsia. 245 cell ; posterior cross-vein about twice its own length distant from the mid ; lateral vein scales long and straight. Halteres creamy. Length.—4 mm. Habitat.—Bihé, Angola (Dr. Creighton Wellman). Observations.— Described from a perfect female. A very distinct species, easily told by the thoracic and abdominal ornamentation and leg banding. It clearly comes in this genus, but the scutellar scales are rather broader than in the type (Danielsia albotaeniata. Theobald). DANIELSIA MEDIOMACULATA. Ni. sp. Head pale creamy grey with a brown area at each side; proboscis and palpi dark brown. Thorax with bright creamy grey scales, almost silvery. Abdomen deep brown with a median pale area on each segment, uniting with one another to form a median pale line. Legs deep brown with narrow basal pale bands. Fork-cells of wings short. Male palpi brown, nearly as long as the proboscis. @. Head clothed with rather loosely appressed flat creamy scales, and then towards the eyes a broad line of brown ones on each side, around the eyes a rim of narrow-curved creamy ones and some narrow-curved ones behind in the mid region, a number of pale ochreous and brown upright forked scales behind ; the occipital scales show a median parting and divergent opening in front; chaetae pale golden-brown ; proboscis deep brown, also the short, thick palpi, which show bronzy reflections ; antennae brown, base of second segment bright testaceous. Thorax rich brown clothed with bright creamy narrow-curved scales rather irregularly disposed and with golden-brown chaetae ; scutellum with similar scales and brown border-bristles ; meta- notum deep brown ; pleurae brown with patches of flat pale creamy scales. Abdomen deep blackish-brown, each segment with a median pale creamy area, which all unite to form a median pale line, and with basal lateral pale creamy spots; first segment pale testaceous with a median patch of creamy scales and. two lateral patches of black scales, border-bristles pale. Legs deep brown, femora pale at the base and beneath, the fore and mid legs bare, pale bands at the base of the first tarsals and involving the joints of the next two tarsals and to some 246 A Monograph of Culicidae. extent the third, in the hind legs the banding is more pro- nounced and extends to the last tarsal, which is dark apically ; fore and mid ungues equal and uniserrate, hind equal and simple. The leg banding is mainly basal, but to some extent involves both sides of the joints—knee spots present. Wings with short fork-cells ; the first sub-marginal consider- ably longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, the cell about two and.a half times Fig. 73. Wing of Danielsia mediolineata. Q. n. sp. the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior two-thirds the length of the cell ; posterior cross-vein parallel with the mid, a little more than its own length distant from it. Halteres thick, with pale stem and fuscous knob. Length—5 to 5:8 mm. 3d. Head scales paler, almost white, with two black patches and dark at the sides, scales and parting just as in 9. Palpi deep brown, with a trace of a pale band towards the base, the two apical segments nearly equal and with dense brown hair- tufts, also on the apex of the antepenultimate segment ; pro- boscis black, thin, just a little longer than the palpi. Legs as in 9? ; fore-and mid ungues unequal, uniserrate, hind equal and simple. Claspers of the genitalia long with a long thin apical segment, curved up over the back. Length.—5°5 mm. : Habitat.—Para, Brazil (Dr. Goeldi). Observations.—Described from a perfect ¢ and @ sent in a collection by Professor Goeldi. It is a very marked species, easily told by the median abdominal spots, which form a more or less pronounced median pale line. The character of the ¢ genital claspers turning up also seems characteristic, and the banded legs at once separate it from the somewhat similar albifasciatus of Macquart. Genus Danielsia. QA7 DANIELSIA TRIPUNCTATA. Da. Sp. Head creamy yellow; palpi and proboscis brown. Thorax brown with pale golden scales on the anterior region, brown on each side in front, deep brown ones behind. Abdomen deep brown with a median basal creamy elongate triangular spot on each segment and a small basal lateral one on each side. Legs with pale bands, except on last tarsal. Fork-cells of moderate length ; stem of first sub-marginal one-third the length of cell. : @. Head clothed with flat creamy yellow and ochreous scales, creamy narrow-curved ones behind and extending to some extent forwards in the middle line, dusky and ochreous flat ones at the sides, thin ochreous forked scales in front, thicker ones behind, with some dark brown and deep brown chaetae ; palpi, clypeus, and proboscis deep brown; antennae deep brown, basal segment and base of the second segment deep testaceous. Thorax deep shiny blackish-brown, clothed with narrow- eurved long scales mainly directed backwards, those of the anterior region golden, except for a patch on each side in front, those on the basal half bronzy-brown, paler in front of the space in front of the scutellum ; chaetae over the roots of the wings deep brown and black; scutellum deep brown with narrow- curved pale creamy scales; metanotum deep brown; pleurae brown with flat white scales. Abdomen deep brown with creamy yellow median basal triangular patches which extend across the whole length of the antepenultimate segment and over most of the last two, a pure white basal spot on each side of the segments ; basal segment ochreous with a median patch of flat scales white at base, a white row running to the edge of the segment, a black spot on each side of it, and long golden bristles ; posterior border-bristles pale golden ; venter pale creamy. Legs brown, pale basally ; in the front pair the first tarsals have a basal pale band and the rest pale bands involving both sides of all the joints; in the mid legs the bands are not so prominent and are absent on the last segment ; in the hind legs the last segment is also apparently devoid of a band; fore and mid ungues equal and uniserrate, hind simple. Wings densely scaled; first fork-cell longer and narrower than the second posterior, its base very slightly nearer the base 248 A Monograph of Culierdae. of the wing, its stem one-third the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior a little more than half the length of the Fig. 74. Wing of Danielsia tripunctata. 92. Nn. sp. cell; posterior cross-vein a little more than its own length distant from the mid. Halteres broad and thick, stem pale, dark at the iden and along one side and the knob fuscous. Length.—5°5 mm. Time of capture.—September. Habitat.—Rio Grande (Dr. Lutz). Observations.—Described from a perfect ? sent me by Dr. Lutz. It resembles at first sight mediomaculata, but can at once be told by the particoloured golden and brown thorax, the tripunctate abdominal segments, and the longer fork cells. DANIELSIA NIGRESCENS. Nn. Sp. Head deep blackish-brown, paler in the middle and around the eyes; palpi, antennae and proboscis deep brown. Thorax deep brown with rich bronzy brown scales. Abdomen deep blackish-brown with basal white lateral spots and pale hairs. Legs deep brown, unbanded. 6. Head black, clothed with small rather loosely applied dusky flat scales, somewhat paler in the middle, some dusky narrow-curved scales along the nape and black thin upright forked scales; proboscis deep brown; palpi longer than the proboscis, the last two segments and apex of the antepenultimate with black hair-tufts, the apical segment not quite as long as the penultimate, traces of a few pale scales at the base of the penultimate. Thorax deep brown with small narrow-curved bronzy-brown scales and black chaetae ; scales somewhat paler around the bare Genus Lepidotomyta. 249 space in front of the scutellum ; scutellum brown with narrow- curved pale scales and deep brown border-bristles ; metanotum deep brown ; pleurae brown with some grey patches. Abdomen deep blackish-brown with small basal white lateral spots ; venter black scaled. Legs deep brown, unbanded ; fore and mid ungues unequal, the larger uniserrate, the smaller (?) ; hind equal and simple. Wings with the fork-cells rather short, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem about one-third the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior about two-thirds the length of the cell ; posterior cross-vein about one and a half times its own length distant from the mid; scales on the branches of the second, third and fourth veins rather thick and clavate. Length.—4 mm. Habitat.— Sto. Amaro, Brazil (Dr. Lutz). Time of capture.—November. Observations.— Described from a single perfect ¢ given me by Dr. Lutz. It very much resembles a Melanoconion at first sight, but can at once be told by the flat head scales. There is no ornamentation save the small white basal lateral abdominal spots. Genus LEPIDOTOMYIA. Theobald. Gen. Ins. Fam. Culicid., p. 22 (1905), not Lepidotomyia, Theo. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. III., p. 80, 1905. Head with flat scales all over except around the eyes where they are almost spindle-shaped and some narrow-curved ones behind, also upright forked scales. Scutellum with narrow- curved scales only. Palpi of the female rather long, scaly, those of the male with short hair-tufts. Fork-cells short. Proboscis short, not more than half the length of the body. This genus comes very near Danielsia, Theobald, but the narrow spindle-shaped scales around the eyes and shorter proboscis separate it. A single large species only is known. This is not the same as Lepidotomyia mentioned in the Catalogue of Culicidae in the National Museum of Hungary, which referred to Reedomyia, Ludlow. 250 A Monograph of Culicidae. LEPIDOTOMYIA MAGNA. ‘Theobald, (1905). Genera Ins. Fam. Culicidae, p. 22 (1905). Head black with a narrow white eye border and a few pale median scales; palpi of 9 rather long and black; proboscis black. Thorax white in front, forming a solid white W, a small white triangular spot over the base of wings and white lateral spots. Abdomen black with basal white lateral spots. Fore legs black with a white apical tibial spot; mid legs with an apical tibial spot, first tarsals white with a black band towards apical half, apex of second tarsal and remainder black ; hind legs with base and apex of femora white, tibiae black, base and apex of first tarsals with white bands, base of second tarsal with white band and a very minute one to second segment. Wings normal. 2. Head black clothed with loose flat scales, black except around the inner border of the eyes where they are white and spindle-shaped, in the middle of the head are some flattish creamy scales in front, almost white, and over the whole numerous brown upright forked scales and narrow-curved scales behind ; proboscis short, not more than half the length of the body, deep black and scaly. Palpi black scaled, rather long, the apical segment apparently very long (jointing hidden in scales). Antennae deep brown, the internodes pale. . Thorax black, the front with a solid W-shaped silky-white area of closely applied long scales, remainder black scaled, except a small white wedge-shaped area in front of the wings; pleurae with distinct white puncta. Scutellum brown with black narrow-curved scales and a few white ones near the base, numerous long golden-brown border- bristles, which with those on the back of the mesonotum form a conspicuous mass. Abdomen black with black scales and with lateral basal white patches, the apical segment with a basal white band ; the first segment with numerous pale golden hairs and rather dense pale golden border-bristles, other segments with golden border-bristles but fewer in number. Wings with typical brown scales, fork-cells short, the first sub- marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its stem nearly two-thirds the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior as long as the cell, bases of the fork-cells nearly level. Halteres ferruginous with darker knobs. Genus Gnophodeomyia. 251 Legs black banded with white as follows :—fore legs with a narrow apical tibial spot and a trace of a pale basal band to second tarsal; mid legs with an apical white femoral and tibial spot, first tarsal white with a black band on its basal half, a broad white band on base of second tarsal; hind legs with the basal two-thirds of femora white, an apical white spot ; first tarsal with basal and apical white bands, base of second tarsal white, a very narrow basal band to the third tarsal; fore and mid femora bristly and all the tibiae bristly, bristles black ; fore and mid ungues uniserrated, hind simple, all equal. — Length —5°5 mm. 6- Thorax as in the 9 ; palpi black, the two last segments short, the apical one the smaller, both with short hair-tufts. Antennae with deep brown plume-hairs. Abdomen with the basal lateral spots nearly united to form basal bands ; basal lobes of genitalia large and covered with black and creamy scales, claspers thin testaceous at base, black at the apex. Legs as in the 9; fore ungues unequal, the larger uniserrated (the smaller?) ; mid unequal and uniserrated, hind equal and simple. — Length.—5°5 mm. Habitat.—Bombay (Capt. James, I.M.8.). Time of capiure.—August (19. 8. 02). Observations.—Described from two perfect specimens sent me some time ago by Captain James, I.M.S. It is a very marked species told at once by the leg banding and the prominent solid white W-shaped area on the mesonotum. It presents a slight difference to the type of Danielsia in that there are spindle shaped scales around the eyes, these I could not detect in the type species albotaeniata (mihi) from Malay, they may easily be overlooked, however. The scutellar scales are rather broad for narrow-curved scales, but they more nearly approach that type than the spindle-shaped form. Genus GNOPHODEOMYIA. Theobald. Journ. Econ. Biol. Vol. I., No. 1, p. 21 (1905). Head clothed with flat scales, rounded apically, with a band of a few narrow-curved scales behind and numerous upright forked scales. Palpi of female rather short, the penultimate segment longer than the basal ones, apical segment minute, 252 A Monograph of Culicrdae. mammilliform. Thorax with very narrow-curved scales, also the scutellum ; metanotum nude. Wings with normal venation, the scales on the apical area dense and large. Male unknown. This genus comes near Danielsia, Theob. (The Entomologist, 1904, p. 78), but differs in the head scales being more uniform in arrangement, rounded apically, not truncated, and also in the scales of the wing. GNOPHODEOMYIA INORNATA. Theobald, (1905). Journ. Econ. Biol. Vol. I., No. 1, p. 21 (1905). Head brown in some lights, greyish in others, palpi and proboscis brown. Thorax light brown, unadorned; pleurae reddish to dull brown. Abdomen deep blackish-brown with small basal lateral white spots. Legs deep brown ; coxae, base and under side of femora reddish-brown. Wings with brown scales, not quite reaching to the apex of the yo Ungues small, equal and simple in the female. 9. Head deep brown, clothed with flat scales with rounded apices, which are dull brownish-grey in some lights, violet-brown in others ; behind, forming a band partly across the nape, are narrow-curved pale golden scales, and there are also numerous black upright forked scales and a few black bristles in front. Palpi brown with deep brown scales, short, apical segment minute, penultimate large; proboscis rather thin, clothed with almost black scales and with scattered short pale hairs ; antennae deep brown ; clypeus reddish-brown. Thorax brown, rich brown in some lights, brighter in certain lights than in others, clothed with bronzy-brown narrow-curved scales and with long black lateral chaetae. Scutellum paler than the mesonotum, with narrow-curved bronzy-brown scales and six posterior border-bristles to the mid lobe (in two groups), a bare space hetween ; metanotum deep brown; pleurae bright reddish- brown. Abdomen clothed with violet-black scales and with small basal lateral white patches; posterior border-bristles pale, of two sizes. Legs unbanded, deep brown; coxae, base and under side of femora reddish-brown. Ungues all small, equal and simple. Wings not quite reaching the apex of the abdomen, with brown scales, costa darker ; fork-cells of moderate length, the first sub-marginal longer but no narrower than the second Genus Protomacleaya. © 253 posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing than that of the second posterior cell ; its stem from one-fourth to one-third the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior not quite as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein about one and a half times its own length distant from the mid cross-vein which unites with Fig. 75. Wing of Gnophodeomyia inornata. 2. Theobald. the supernumerary ; scales on the first longitudinal, and on the branches of the second and fourth and on the third, rather broad and dense, some long lateral narrow ones on the base of the second, fourth and upper branch of the fifth. Halteres with pale stems and black knobs. Length.—4 mm. Habitat New Amsterdam (Dr. Rowland). Time of capture.——July. Observations. Described from three females. One taken in a house in the morning, the others bred from larvae found in a hollow tree trunk at the side of a pond in Stanley Town, New Amsterdam. Two specimens show the head scales darker than in the type. Genus PROTOMACLEAYA. Nov. gen. Head clothed with narrow-curved scales over most of the surface as in Culex, numerous upright forked scales behind and small flat lateral ones; palpi short in 9; long in ¢, rather thin in the former sex. Mesonotum with narrow-curved scales ; scutellum with small flat scales to the mid lobe, narrow-curved ones to the lateral lobes. Wings densely scaled, the lateral vein scales straight, rather. 254 £4 Monograph of Culicidae. thick, median vein scales larger, spatulate ; on basal area of wing the scales are Taeniorhynchus-like. | Allied to Macleaya, Theob., but differs in having the Culex type of head and the wing scales different. The genus is formed for Say’s Culex triseriatus. PROTOMACLEAYA TRISERIATA. Say (1822). Ochlerotatus triseriatus. Say. Culex triseriatus. Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Philadel. IIT., p. 12 (1822); Ausseurop. Zweiflug. Ins. I., p. 11, 19 (1828), Wiedemann; Mosq. N. Jersey, p. 272 (1904), Smith ; Mosq. N. Y. Bull, 79, Ent. 22, p. 337 (1904), Felt; Class. Mosq. N. and M. America, Tech. Se. 11, U.S. Dep. Agri., p. 18 (1906) (Ochlerotatus), Coquillett. Head grey, brownish behind ; proboscis and palpi deep brown. Thorax rich brown in the middle forming an almost pear-shaped Fig. 76. Head and scutellum of Pvotomacleaya triseriata. 9. Say. area, the broadest part posterior, sides silvery-grey. Abdomen brown with purplish tinge, with basal lateral triangular white spots. Legs deep brown, unbanded, femora pale at the base. 9. Head deep brown, clothed with narrow-curved grey scales and numerous upright forked dull ochreous scales behind, flat grey lateral scales and black chaetae, except two golden brown ones between the eyes; proboscis deep brown, also palpi and antennae, the basal segment of the latter testaceous above. Thorax deep brown, clothed with narrow-curved rich bronzy- brown scales in the middle, silvery-grey at the sides, the brown scaled area narrowest in front much widening out posteriorly, thus forming a rough pear-shaped area, the widest part posterior, a few pale scales before the scutellum, surrounding the bare space ; rich brown chaetae, especially over the roots of the wings ; scutellum brown with flat grey scales to the median lobe, narrow- Genus Protomacleaya. 255 curved creamy-grey ones to the lateral lobes; metanotum deep brown ; pleurae deep brown, with two large patches of flat white scales and two smaller patches. Abdomen deep brown with rich violet iridescence and small basal lateral white spots, thin pale border-bristles ; basal segment with a large median patch of dark scales, a few basal white ones and long pale hairs; venter mainly white scaled; the basal lateral spots show prominently on the venter. Legs deep brown with violet and bronze reflections ; base and under side of femora white, fore and mid ungues equal, uniserrate, hind equal and simple. Wings densely scaled with long rather thick straight lateral vein scales and large spatulate median vein scales; first sub- marginal cell considerably longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem Fig. 77. Wing of Protomacleaya triseriata. Q Say. rather more than one-third the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior more than half the length of the cell ; posterior cross vein longer than the mid, about one and a half times its own length distant from it; halteres ochreous, with grey scales. Length.—4 to 6 mm. Habitat.—Pennsylvania (Say); Lahaway, New Brunswick, Chester, Lake Hopatcong, Newark & Warren County, Garret Mountain, Paterson, N. Jersey (J. B. Smith); Agricultural College, Mississippi (Prof. Glenn-Herrick); Ithaca, Albany (EH. P. Felt), Poughkeepsie (O. A. Johannsen), New York ; New Hampshire ; Connecticut (H. L. Viereck) ; Pennsylvania ; Maryland; Virginia (L. O. Howard); Augusta Arsenal, Georgia ; Fort Snelling, Minnesota; Jefferson Barracks, Montana; Rock Island Arsenal, Illinois; Westlawn Cem, Ohio (Miss Ludlow). Time of capture-—May (Professor Glenn-Herrick) ; April, June, August, October (J. B. Smith). Observations.—This species is re-described from specimens 256 A Monograph of Culicidae. sent me by Felt, Ludlow and Glenn-Herrick. It is very marked, the silvery-white sides to the grey dorsum of thorax, black abdomen with lateral white spots and dark unbanded legs at once separating it. | It is essentially a sylvan species, and winters in the egg stage: either at the bottom of water, or in depressions where water will collect in spring. | It comes in a new genus near Macleaya. One specimen sent. me by Professor Glenn-Herrick shows the scutellar scales rather dusky. Prof. J. B. Smith (p. 274) first records it in June in the adult stage, and on as late as October in New Jersey. It bites hard and very readily, and comes into porches of houses surrounded by trees. Although common it is not considered a pest. The larva is about 8 mm. long, but may reach 10 mm. ; colour brownish or greyish with dark head and siphon; antennae long 2 Fig. 78. a Protomacleaya triseriata. Say. im Larval characters. a and b, Variations of labial plate ; c, terminal segments and siphon ; d, antenna; e, siphon spines ; f, scale of 8th segment (after Smith). and straight, not spiny, one long lateral hair just near the middle, apex with one long and two short spines, and a small Genus Reedomyta. 257 articulating segment ; mentum triangular, 10-11 teeth on each side of the apex; comb of eighth segment composed of 8 to 13 scales arranged in a single irregular row on each side, scales elongated and fringed with short hairs at sides and apex ; siphon short and thick with the two rows of the spines 15 to 21 in each row, each spine has a few small teeth basally on one side ; anal gills short. It is easily identified by its unusually long form. They seem to be normally found in holes in tree stumps where water collects. The larva approaches that of Stegomyia fasciata. Dr. Dyar states that the female deposits her eggs singly or in patches at the edge just below the surface of the water, and there they remain until spring. American observers have identified Say’s species, I presume from the type, but in none sent me has the thorax been dark blue, and I therefore do not feel at all sure that this is what Say described originally. In consequence I append Say’s description :— “Body brown; thorax rather dark blue, with white hairs on either side; pleurae with two white, hairy spots; abdomen with a triangular white spot on either side of the base of each segment; these spots correspond with bands across the belly, which are twice interrupted, so that each band shows three spots, on each segment, the middle spots forming a sort of stripe along the belly. Legs yellowish, with brownish hairs; femora naked, blackish above, at the apex. 23 lines.” Genus REEDOMYIA. Ludlow. Canad, Entomo., 1905, Vol. XXXVIL., p. 94 (1905). Head densely covered with slender curved scales and flat lateral ones, and numerous upright forked scales. Palpi short in 9, longin ¢. Thorax with narrow-curved scales. Scutellum with flat scales, usually shiny white or silvery. Miss Ludlow says that the prothoracic lobes appear to be stalked, the stalks running in a curve up the cephalic aspect of the thorax and the lobes end in a kind of cap, reminding one of a mushroom. Fork-cells rather short ; scales rather broad and truncated ; costa slightly spinose. VOL. IV. s 258 A Monograph of Culicidae. Male genitalia very marked ; claspers with narrow stem and large swollen apex, with a mass of chaetae on one side (fig. 81). Five species are now known :— 1. Reedomyia pampangensis, Ludlow, Canad, Ent, XXXVIL., p. 94 (1905) (Philippine Islands). 2. R. nweoscutella, Theobald, Journ. Eco. Biol. I., p. 22 (1905) (India). 3. BR. alboscutella, Theobald, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., p. 80 (1905) iar Guinea). R, aibopunctata, n. sp. (Sierra Leone). 5. R, biannulata, n. sp. (Sierra Leone). - These species tabulate as follows :— Legs unbanded, apex of femora white. Thorax adorned with dark and yellow ScMGS 2:34, A. U Ads. sosseseee DaMmpangensis. Ludlow. Thorax adorned with, fous pam pe alboscutella. Theobald. Legs unbanded, apex of femora not white. Thorax anidomed vesssvccevecsessresosersces, MMVEOSCUIENE, LROOUMEE, Legs with a white band at apex of femora and tibiae sis. Qe AR. AN RA biannulata. Nn. sp. Legs with tarsi banded. Last hind tarsal wWhite,........cccccorecsvreee albopunctata., 0. Sp. REEDOMYIA PAMPANGENSIS. Ludlow (1905). Canad. Entomo., Vol. XXXVILI., p. 94 (1905). 9. Head densely covered with slender curved scales and flat lateral ones; a broad triangular median spot bordered by a white stripe, followed laterally by brown scales, and then by lateral white flat scales, and a border of light yellow curved scales around the eyes, fork scales numerous; basal segment of antennae light brown with some brown scales, first segment also — with a few brown scales ; palpi brown; proboscis brown dorsally, fawn coloured ventrally to about three-fourths of its length, apical quarter black, tip brown. Thorax reddish-brown to dark brown, according to the light ; prothoracic lobes with slender curved white scales; mesonotum light reddish-brown with light yellow and dark brown slender curved scales rather indefinitely arranged—an indefinite white band across the cephalic end—a narrow indefinite light lateral band extending half-way to wing joint, and a stall spot dorsal of the end of this line, but markings very indefinite, general effect being a reddish-brown, sparsely covered with an irregular arrangement of dark and yellowish scales ; scutellum light brown, Genus Reedomyia. 259 all three lobes densely covered with broad flat white scales; six large bristles on the mid lobe. Abdomen light, covered with flat brown scales and many golden apical hairs, with now and then a suggestion of narrow white basal bands, and with distinct white basal lateral spots ; venter partly white scaled, but with brown apical bands. Legs, with white scaled coxae; femora pale at base, rest brown scaled dorsally, pale ventrally, a brilliant white apical spot ; tarsi brown. The legs are rather prominently pale bristled throughout, which even suggest, with a hand lens, light spots on the hind tibiae ; fore ungues large, equal, uniserrated. Wings clear yellowish, covered with dark brown scales, except a small spot at the very base of the costa, which is brilliant white. Fork-cells short; scales rather broad and truncated, costal edge shows some tendency to the spinose scales seen in Uranotaenia ; first sub-marginal about one-sixth longer, and the same width as the second posterior cell, the stems of each about the same length, and about two-thirds as long as the cells ; mid and supernumerary cross-veins meet, and are nearly equal, posterior cross-vein a little shorter and distant twice its own length from the mid. Halteres light with dark knob. Length.—4 to 5 mm. Habitat —Angeles, Pampanga, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Time of capture.—September. Observations —Miss Ludlow described this species as a new genus which is very distinct. The specimens were sent her by Dr. Eugene R. Whitmore, marked “‘ Caught in the woods and in the quarters.” REEDOMYIA NIVEOSCUTELLA. Theobald (1905). Journ. Econ. Biol., Vol. 1., No. 1, p. 22 (1905). ¢. Head ochreous brown ; proboscis fawn coloured, dusky at the tip. Thorax with dull golden scales with two dull brown median bare lines ; scutellum with flat silvery-white scales looking like three silvery spots; pleurae pallid with three patches of white scales. Abdomen deep brown with indistinct basal grey bands. Legs unbanded. | @. Head ochreous brown, clothed with pale creamy narrow curved scales, paler around the eyes, with narrow ochreous 3 9 = 260 A Monograph of Culrcidae. upright forked scales in front and broader dusky ones behind, the sides with ochreous flat scales. Proboscis fawn coloured, slightly dusky at the tip. Palpi thin, testaceous with irregular dusky scales. Clypeus fawn coloured. Antennae brown, testaceous at the base, with a few small flat dusky scales on the last two segments. Thorax brown ; clothed with narrow-curved rather dull pale golden scales and with golden-brown and brown bristles ; scutellum pale ochreous, clothed with small flat silvery-white scales (in some lights they appear dull grey), border-bristles brown, six large and four small ones posteriorly to the mid-lobe ; metanotum brown, with grey tomentum; pleurae very pale ochreous with three irregular patches of grey scales. Abdomen deep brown with dull violet reflections, the segments with narrow basal creamy bands and traces of pale scales apically and pallid border-bristles ; lobes of female genitalia dark, prominent and acuminate. Legs unbanded, brown, with coppery reflections ; coxae and base and under side of femora pallid ; fore and mid ungues equal and uniserrated. Wings with rather short fork-cells; the first sub-marginal much longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior cell, its stem nearly equal to the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior as long as the cell, posterior cross-vein rather more than its own length distant from the mid cross-vein. Halteres pallid. Length.—4°5 mm. gd. Head, thorax and scutellum as inthe 9°. Abdomen showing only a few pale basal scales of a dull ochreous hue ; border-bristles pale golden-brown ; genitalia with thick, densely hairy basal lobes, hairs bright golden-yellow ; claspers very peculiar, consisting of a narrow stem and a large round, swollen apex with a mass of chaetae on one side; on the lower surface of the apical segment there projects on each side a long curved tuft of golden hairs. Palpi long and thin, brown, last two segments about equal length, the apical one bluntly acuminate, a few longish hairs on both, and on the apex of the ante-penultimate segment; proboscis ochreous except at the apex, where it is dark brown. Fork-cells of wings very short, about the same length; the first sub-marginal narrower than the second posterior cell, their stems much longer than the cells, Genus Reedomyia. 261 Fore and mid ungues unequal, both uniserrate and hairy on their basal halves. Length.—4°5 mm. Habitat.—India (Capt. James, I.M.S.). Observations.—Described from a perfect female. The ¢ is described here for the first time. In general appearance’ it resembles a typical Culex of the pipiens group. It is closely allied ang pati RA hens « pampangensis (Lud- ge res , found at Angeles, Pampanga, Mba \ \ Luzon, Philippine Islands, but can “—~Z~- roe \ at once be told by the uniform coloured thorax, which in pam- ae & pos . Male fore ungues of Reedomyia pangensis is ornamented with pale niveoscutella, Theobald. yellow and dark bronzy-brown scales and slightly different venation. The flat white scales of the scutellum in both species are very marked. The male genitalia are peculiar. REEDOMYIA ALBOSCUTELLA. Theobald (1905), Lepidotomyia alboscutellata. Theobald. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. III., p. 80 (1905). Head brown, with golden and brown scales ; proboscis and palpi deep brown. Thorax bright brown with small scattered bronzy scales and with four creamy-scaled round spots; scu- tellum densely silvery-white scaled; pleurae pale brown with white spots. Abdomen deep brown, unbanded ; pale ventrally. Legs deep brown, apices of mid and hind femora with a silvery- white spot. Wings with deep brown scaled veins. 2. Head brown, with narrow-curved, golden-brown scales over the greater part, some small fiat creamy ones at the sides ; over the occiput numerous thin upright forked scales ; black bristles projecting forwards, especially two prominent ones between the eyes. Clypeus, proboscis and palpi brown; antennae brown, the basal segment testaceous. Thorax bright reddish-brown, with four small golden-scaled spots, two close to the head and with numerous scattered small narrow-curved bronzy scales, bristles black ; scutelluin densely clothed with flat silvery-white scales and with black border- bristles; metanotum brown; pleurae bright brown with three silvery-white spots, composed of flat scales. 262 A Monograph of Culicidae. Abdomen black, unbanded with golden border-bristles ; venter with broad basal creamy bands. Legs brown, the front pair uniform, the mid and the hind with the apices of the femora and tibiae pure silvery-white ; fore and mid ungues equal, uniserrated, hind equal and simple. Wings with the fork-cells nearly equal in size, the first sub- marginal slightly longer than the second posterior cell, its stem about two-thirds the length of the cell, about the same length as that of the second posterior cell, the stem of which is about two- Fig. 80. Wing of Reedomyia alboscutella. 9. Theobald. thirds the length of the cell ; bases of the cells nearly level, that of the first sub-marginal if anything slightly nearer the apex of the wing ; posterior cross-vein about its own length distant from the mid. MHalteres with dull stem and fuscous knob. Length.—4 to 4°5 mm. Habitat—New Guinea, Simbang, Huon Gulf (Bir6), 1898, and Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen (Bird), 1900. Observations.—Described from two ?’s. It is a very distinct species easily told by the silvery-white scaled scutellum and the two silvery-white apical spots on the mid and hind femora and tibiae. The cephalic scales in one specimen are much brighter golden colour than in the type, which is in the National Museum of Hungary. KEEDOMYIA ALBOPUNCTATA. n. Sp. Head greyish-brown in the middle, with a black and white patch at the sides. Proboscis unbanded. Thorax with rich brown scales with six white puncta, the two anterior nearer together than the second pair; scutellum white scaled, duller scales in the middle. Legs with prominent basal white bands, last hind tarsal white. 2. Head brown, clothed in the middle with narrow-curved Genus Reedomyia. 263 pale greenish-brown scales and upright forked scales, small flat yellowish-brown, then black, then silvery-white scales; paler around the eyes; chaetae black ; antennae and proboscis black, the latter with some dull ochreous scales above in the middle ; palpi black scaled with apical white scales and a narrow white band beneath ; swollen apically. Basal segment of antennae with grey sheen on the summit; clypeus dark brown with some small flat grey scales. Thorax deep brown, with narrow-curved rich brown scales, six silvery-white puncta, the two anterior close to the head, the mid and posterior further apart; some grey scales before the scutellum ; scutellum with flat silvery-white scales ; pleurae deep brown, with patches of flat white scales. Abdomen deep blackish-brown, with basal white bands, no lateral spots ; border-bristles brown. Venter deep brown with irregular white scales. Legs with femora deep blackish-brown, with scattered grey _ scales and a prominent white ring towards the apex ; tibiae dark with a white band towards the basal half of the fore pair, in the middle of the mid and hind legs ; anterior and mid legs with the first tarsal and next two tarsals with basal white bands, the hind with broad white bands to all the segments, except the last, which is pure white; fore and mid ungues equal and uniserrate, hind equal and simple. | Wings with dense brown scales, the lateral ones moderately thick ; fork-cells short, the first sub-marginal a little longer and much narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem not quite so long as the cell; stem of the second posterior longer than the cell; posterior cross-vein rather more than twice its own length distant from the mid. Length.—3°5 mm. Habitat.—Sierra Leone (Major F. Smith, R.A.M.C.). Observations.—Described from 9’s collected by Major F. Smith which show some variation in regard to the number of white scales on the legs, but the species can at once be identified by the band on the tibiae. REEDOMYIA BIANNULATA. hf. sp. Head brown ; palpi of ¢ brown ; proboscis unbanded. Thorax rich bright brown; scutellum silvery white. Abdomen deep brown with basal white bands and lateral basal spots. Legs 264 A Monograph of Cultrerdae. deep brown, apex of femora and tibiae white banded, especially marked on hind legs ; tarsi unbanded. 6. Head brown, small, with dull golden-brown narrow- curved scales in the middle, small dusky flat ones at the sides ; palpi, proboscis, clypeus and antennae deep brown ; palpi as long as the proboscis, thin, two last segments slightly swollen, with long brown hairs, apex of ante-penultimate segment swollen with long brown hairs on one side, no definite hair-tufts, however ; last two segments nearly equal. Thorax uniformly brown, with narrow-curved brown scales ; Fig. 81. _ Male genitalia of Reedomyia biannulata. scutellum brown, completely covered with flat silvery-white scales ; metanotum brown; pleurae brown, with some white scales. | Abdomen deep brown, with violet reflections ; basal white bands, but on the seventh are two large basal white spots only, whilst the eighth is all white scaled; basal lobes of claspers bronzy ; claspers semi-transparent, much swollen apically, re- sembling a haltere with two thick dark spines, and a hook-like process at the side. Legs brown, apices of femora and tibiae white, prominently so on the hind legs, where the tibial band is quite broad ; fore and mid ungues unequal, the larger simple, the smaller uniserrate, hind equal and simple. Wings with short fork-eells, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, its base very slightly nearer ——— OE — = Saw — — EEE ee Genus Pecomyia. 265 the apex of the wing, its stem not quite as long as the cell ; stem of the second posterior about as long as the cell ; posterior cross- vein about one and a third its own length distant from the mid. Length.—3 mm. Time of capture.-—March. Habitat.—Sierra Leone (Major F. Smith, R.A.M.C.). Observations.—Described from several males bred by Major F. Smith, R.A.M.C., from larvae taken in Nichol Brook, Mount Aureol, Sierra Leone. The male genitalia are very peculiar. The white scaled scutellum places it, as far as general appearance goes, near R. niveoscutella, but the marked bands on the femora and tibiae and male genitalia at once separate it. Genus PECOMYIA. Theobald. Journ. Econ. Biol. Vol. I., No. 1, p. 24 (1905). Head clothed with narrow-curved scales, upright forked scales and flat lateral ones; palpi in female short, long in the male, two apical segments slightly swollen, but acuminate. Thorax with narrow-curved scales; scutellum with narrow- curved and small flat scales mixed together on the mid lobe; narrow, rather long flat scales and a few narrow-curved ones to the lateral lobes ; metanotum nude. Wings with mottled scales ; the median vein-scales large, bluntly Taeniorhynchus-shape, black and grey in patches, the lateral vein-scales linear, but straight and stiff, arising in definite order on each side of most of the veins, like the teeth of a comb; the lateral vein scales of the branches of the second long vein denser and broader than the rest. The male genitalia with the claspers, with a large inflated basal and sickle-shaped posterior lobe, no lateral segment. Hind ungues of male unequal but simple. This genus resembles in general appearance Grabhamia, but can at once be told by the scutellar ornamentation, and the straight stiff lateral vein-scales and the distinct male genitalia. It is a Culicine, and comes between Reedomyia and Grabhamia. The presence of unequal hind ungues in the male is unique. 266 A Monograph of Culrerdae. PecomyiA MACULATA. Theobald (1905). Journ. Econ. Biol. Vol. I., No. 1, p. 24 (1905). Head brown, with dull greyish and ochreous scales ; proboscis ochreous, mottled with black scales, black at the apex; palpi ochreous, mottled with black scales. Thorax brown, clothed with dull grey and dull golden-brown scales, paler behind, and with traces of linear ornamentation ; scutellum with grey scales. Abdomen deep brown, with basal white bands. Wings mottled with brown and grey scales ; halteres very pale ochreous. Legs ochreous, mottled with deep brown scales, tarsi dark brown, some of the segments with basal pale bands. 9. Head brown, densely clothed with dull grey narrow- curved scales, with some similar shaped ochreous ones in front, nrsvenvmpmnene ney necesita age 3 i i i } Fig. 82. Wing of Pecomyia maculata. 2. Theobald. dark brown upright forked scales, flat dark brown, then white lateral ones, and with deep brown bristles projecting forward over the eyes. Palpi deep ochreous, with blackish scales, tips of the apical segment grey ; proboscis ochreous, with scattered deep brown scales, so dense at the apex that it is quite black ; antennae brown, with narrow pale bands at the junction of the segments. Thorax deep brown, clothed with grey and dull golden-brown narrow-curved scales, becoming almost white in front of the scutellum, traces of linear ornamentation seen in some lights, bristles deep brown ; scutellum deep brown, the mid lobe with grey, almost white, narrow-curved scales, and a few small flat ones mixed with them ; lateral lobes with rather narrow flat white scales, and a few narrow-curved ones at the edges; border-bristles rich brown ; metanotum deep brown. Abdomen deep brown with dull violet reflections and white basal bands, basal segment with grey scales and very pallid bristles ; border-bristles pallid. Genus Pecomyta. 267 Legs ochreous, with scattered black, grey and ochreous scales, apex of femora, tibiae and tarsi mostly dark scaled, the first tarsals with white basal bands, also the second and third tarsals of fore and mid legs and all those of the hind pair; fore and mid ungues equal uniserrated ; hind equal (? uniserrate). Wings with mottled brown and grey scales ; most of the vein scales broad and truncated, all the median ones are so; the first, Fig. 83, Wing of Pecomyia maculata. 9. Theobald. third, apical portions of fourth and fifth with thin straight lateral scales uniformly disposed; fork-cells short, first sub- marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, their bases about level, stem of the first sub-marginal nearly two- Fig. 84. Another wing of Pecomyia maculata. 9. Theobald. thirds the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein about its own length distant from the mid. Halteres very pale ochreous. Length.—4’8 mm. g. Similar to the ? in general appearance, but the thorax shows some trace of ornamentation. The palpi are brown with flaxen brown hair-tufts, and with two pale bands and traces of another posteriorly ; proboscis mostly dark scaled, but with a median pale band and a few scattered pale scales on the base. 268 A Monograph of Culicidae. Fore and mid ungues unequal and both uniserrate ; the hind unequal but simple. The claspers of the genitalia with a large basal lobe, the clasper itself being long, narrow and curved, there does not Fig. 85. Male genitalia of Pecomyia maculata. ‘Theobald. appear to be a terminal lateral segment; hairy basal lobe ; harpes short and blunt. Length.—The same as the female. Habitat.—India (Drs. James and Christophers). Observations.— A. very obscure species until examined micro- scopically, when the squamose characters of the scutellum and wings at once show that it is not a Grabhamia, which it superficially resembles. It however bears a very stong resemblance to a Grabhamia. The male genitalia are very marked. I am not sure as to the hind ungues of the 2. I believe they are uniserrate. There is some slight variation in the two 9’s (vide figs. 83 and 84). PrecomyiA careca. Theobald (1901). Culex caecus. Theobald. Mono. Culicid. I., p. 413 (1901) (2 only). dg. Head brown with narrow-curved creamy scales on the middle and upright brown forked scales, lateral scales flat, dull i A hae ee a EM, | RS Genus Pecomyia. 269 white and spreading rather far on to the surface of the head ; proboscis deep brown apparently somewhat paler in the middle ; palpi brown, the two last segments with basal white bands, the long segment with a broad yellow band and a narrower basal one, the penultimate segment about the same length but thicker Fig. 86. Wing of Pecomyia caeca. ¢. Theobald. than the apical one, the apex of the antepenultimate is thickened ; there is a rather dense hair-tuft on the penultimate and apex of antepenultimate segments, scantier hairs on the apical segment, hairs brown and golden brown; antennae grey, banded with brown and with flaxen brown plume-hairs, joints somewhat cup shaped, basal segment large and pale brown. Thorax and abdomen similar to the ?, but the basal bands of the latter spread out laterally on the last few segments, hairs pale golden-brown. Fore and mid ungues unequal, uniserrate. The ¢ claspers are long and end in a large fork. Length.—5 mm. Additional habitat.—Ipoh-Parak, Federated Malay States (Dr. Durham); Philippine Islands (Miss Ludlow). Observations.—This species was originally described from some 9’s and was placed provisionally in the genus Culex. The scutellar scale structure excludes it from that genus and it comes in the genus Pecomyia. The male genitalia are peculiar as far as I can see from a single preparation, the claspers are long and widely forked. The male described here was passed over in a collection sent to the Museum in 1902. The scutellar flat scales shown in the figure in Vol. I. of this work are too broad. A female wing is reproduced for reference. 270 A Monograph of Culicidae, Genus TRICHORHYNCHUS. Theobald, Journ, Bomb, Nat. Hist. Soc. XVI, p. 240 (1905). Head clothed with small flat scales in front forming a broadish area, similar ones at the sides, narrow-curved ones over most of the median area and many narrow upright forked ones ; antennae with long segments, verticillate hairs scanty, the internodes densely hairy ; palpi of 9 rather prominent, apical segment long, slightly swollen. Thorax with narrow-curved scales, also the scutellum. Abdomen and legs normal. Wings with dense scales on the veins of the apical area, those on the first long vein and the branches of the second dense, intermediate in form between Culex and Taeniorhynchus, those on the upper branch of the fourth short and broader than the rest. This genus is very marked and comes between the Stegomyian group and the true Culex. It can at once be told by the cephalic scale structure, and the densely hairy antennae are also very characteristic. TRICHORHYNCHUS FuscuS. Theobald (1905). Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. XVI., p. 240 (1905). Head brown with a greyish border around the eyes and at the sides composed of small flat scales. Palpi, proboscis and antennae deep brown ; thorax tawny to testaceous brown ; pleurae pale ferruginous. Abdomen ferruginous to dusky brown, brighter brown beneath. Legs deep brown, paler basally; unbanded, Wings rather short, fork-cells short. 9. Head with small flat grey scales forming a broad border around the eyes and with similar flat scales at the sides, in the middle small dull golden narrow-curved scales and fine black upright forked scales behind. Palpi short, brown, testaceous beneath ; proboscis brown, the testaceous hue present as in the palpi; clypeus pale yellowish-brown; antennae brown, basal segment pale yellowish-brown, very pilose between the verticels. Thorax bright ferruginous, clothed with narrow-curved mouse- coloured and dull golden scales and with numerous bristles of a more or less dull hue; scutellum bright testaceous with small narrow-curved scales as on the thorax; seven border- bristles to the mid lobe, metanotum bright chestnut-brown ; Genus Pseudotheobaldia. — 241 pleurae pale ferruginous with frosty sheen in some lights and a few pale bristles. Abdomen dusky brown, ferruginous brown in some lights covered with dusky brown scales and with rather short pale border-bristles ; venter brighter brown. Legs deep brown, coxae and femora beneath paler; ungues equal and simple. Wings rather short, the scales dense on the apical area, especially on the branches of the fork-cells and on the first long vein, these scales broader than in Culex, approaching Taenio- rhynchus form; fork-cells rather small, the first sub-marginal longer and very slightly narrower than the second posterior, its stem more than half the length of the cell, its base a little nearer the apex of the wing ; stem of the second posterior as long as the cell ; scales on the upper branch of the fourth vein rather broader _ than elsewhere. Posterior cross-vein nearly twice its own length distant from the mid; mid and supernumerary meet at an angle. Halteres pale, with faintly fuscous knob. Length.—5 mm. | Habitat.—Peradeniya, Ceylon (EK. E. Green). Time of capture.—December (1901). Observations.— Described from a single 9 in perfect condition. It is an obscure species, resembling a Culex, unless examined under the two-third power when its generic characters are at once seen both in regard to cephalic and wing scale structure. Genus PSEUDOTHEOBALDIA. nov. gen. Head clothed with large narrow-curved scales and upright forked scales, small flat lateral ones and a few small flat scales elsewhere. Palpi long in the male, the apical segment much swollen with very short hairs, the penultimate with hair-tuft on one side. Thorax with narrow-curved scales except in front of the scutellum, where they become long, rather narrow and fiat ; scutellum clothed entirely with flat scales. Wings spotted, the membrane tinged—vein scales Culex-like. This genus resembles in general appearance Theobaldia but can be separated at once by the flat scutellar scales, the narrower wing scales and the presence of some flat scales on the mesonotum before the scutellum. — | 272 A Monograph of Culicidae. PSEUDOTHEOBALDIA NIVEITAENIATA. NM. Sp. Head deep brown with golden scales ; proboscis unbanded ; palpi of the g¢ clubbed, deep brown stil three pale bands. Thorax deep brown, ornamented with golden scales showing somewhat linear arrangement; scutellum with silvery scales. Abdomen black with basal silvery-white bands. Legs deep brown, unbanded, with yellow knee spot and traces of a pale band on the fore femora. Wings with traces of spots of scales at the base of the fork-cells and tinged at the end of the second vein and cross-veins. d. Head deep brown, with narrow-curved creamy scales in the middle, dark brown ones at the sides, some paler ones around the eyes, golden bristles in the middle in front, dark at the sides ; proboscis rather long, deep blackish-brown ; palpi as long as the proboscis, the apical segment broadly clavate and shorter than the penultimate, the latter slightly swollen apically with longish brown hairs on one side except at the apex, where they are pale golden, and also at the base, there is a narrow pale golden band at the base of the two apical segments and one Fig. 87. Male genitalia of Pseudotheobaldia niveitaeniata. on the long antepenultimate segment ; antennae banded deep brown and grey with deep brown plume-hairs, basal segment paler with large narrow-curved pale golden scales, Genus Pseudotheobaldia. 273 Thorax deep brown, with narrow-curved bright golden scales, placed so as to present slight linear arrangement, rather broad paler ones over the roots of the wings; chaetae partly golden, partly brown ; scutellum deep brown, clothed with silvery-white flat scales, six large golden brown border-bristles to the mid lobe, slightly darker ones on the lateral lobes, some long flat broad ones of paler hue before the scutellum ; metanotum deep brown ; pleurae deep brown, with silvery-white flat scales and a small patch of flat creamy scales. Abdomen deep blackish-brown, eaeh segment with a basal silvery white band; venter silvery-white; hairs of the body flaxen. Legs deep blackish-brown, with a yellow knee spot and a spot at the apex of the tibiae and another towards the apex of the fore femora ; fore and mid ungues unequal, the larger with two teeth, the smaller with one, hind ungues equal and simple. Wings with brown scales which are denser at the base of the fork-cells and at the cross-veins and the base of the second long wre a — SS an it A Apr ON IN ir conten at la et ei Hi a a at dle lncbeclla ias entica va eile, Let Fig. 88. Wing of Pseudotheobaldia niveitaeniata. gf. wD. sp. vein, where the wing membrane is faintly stained brown ; first sub-marginal cell a little longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the apex of the wing, its stem as long as the cell ; stem of the second posterior cell as long as the cell ; supernumerary and mid cross-veins in one line, the posterior just in front of the mid and, like it, longer than the supernumerary ; scales of Culex form. Genitalia with long narrow basal lobes and long thin slightly curved simple claspers, ending on a short small segment. Length.—6 mm. Time of capture.—February to March. Halitat.—Dehra Dhoon, India (Capt. Thomson), Observations.—Described from two perfect males. At first VOL. IV. T 274 A Monograph of Culierdae. sight it appears like Schiner’s Culex (Theobaldia) glaphyroptera, which it resembles in the spotted wings and general colouration, but can at once be told by the silvery-white flat scaled scutellum, by the palpi having the apical segment only swollen and by the different male genitalia which have been figured by Ficalbi (vide Vol. I., p. 347, Mono. Culicid., 1901); the digitate process at the apex of the basal lobe is absent and the clasper nearly straight, not curved at the end. Genus MAILLOTIA. nov. gen. Head clothed with rather broad, large curved-scaled, upright forked scales and pyriform and flat lateral scales. Thorax clothed with large curved scales similar to those of the head ; scutellum with short, rather broad, spindle-shaped scales. Wing scales dense ; lateral ones thin. The genus is near Culex, but is quite distinct, its peculiar characters were noticed by Dr. Edmond Sergent, who suggested the name under which it is described. MAILLOTIA PILIFERA. Ni. Sp. Head with creamy scales and black upright forked ones. Proboscis long, unbanded. Thorax black, with golden-brown to almost golden scales and showing dark lines; scutellum with paler scales. Abdomen black with prominent apical white bands, the band on the second segment sending a triangular process into the middle of the segment. Legs deep brown, unbanded. 2. Head black, clothed scantily with rather broad curved creamy scales, small flat and pyriform dull creamy ones at the sides, smaller pale creamy ones closely packed together around the eyes, black upright forked scales in the middle, brown at the sides. Proboscisy black, long, swelling towards the apex. Palpi short, dark brown, ochreous scales at the apex. Antennae deep brown, basal segments with ochreous scales. Thorax black, with large curved creamy scales, paler in the middle and in front than at the sides, where they have a brown tinge, in certain lights appearing bright brown under the hand ie ial) Genus Theobaldia. 275 lens, there are two median parallel dark bare lines ; scutellum brown, with broader, more spindle-shaped and more appressed creamy scales ; posterior border-bristles dark brown ; metanotum deep brown; pleurae brown, with flat creamy white scales. Abdomen deep blackish-brown, the segments with apical creamy white bands; in the second segment the white band sends a median triangular process towards the base; first segment with median fiat white scales only ; posterior border- bristles pale, short in the middle of the segments, longer at the sides ; venter pale scaled in the middle. Legs deep brown, unbanded ; femora pale at the base and ventrally. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base a little nearer the base of the wing, its stem about half the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior cell about two-thirds the length of the cell ; posterior cross-vein rather more than its own length distant from the mid ; halteres ochraceous. Length.—3°5 mm. Habitat.—Algeria (Dr. Edmond Sergent). Observations.—A. very marked species, easily told by the very prominent V-shaped pale mark on the second abdominal segment arising from the apical pale border and by the broad curved scales on the head and thorax. It has to be placed in a new genus, as no Culicid I have seen comes near it in scale structure. The new generic position was noticed by Dr. Edmond Sergent, who sent me the specimen, and the name of genus and species proposed by him is that under which it is described. Genus THEOBALDIA. Neveu-Lemaire (1902). THEOBALDINELLA. Blanchard (1905). — Comp. Rend. d. Ss. d. 1. Soc. Biol., 29 Nov. (1902); Mono. Culicid. III., p. 148 (1903); Gen. Ins. Fam. Culicid., p. 23 (1905), Theobald; Les Moust., p. 390 (1905), Blanchard (Theobaldinella). Blanchard renamed this genus Theobaldinella because the name Theobaldius had been previously used by Neville, Theobaldia had not, so that Neveu-Lemaire’s name is retained. 276 A Monograph of Culicidae. THEOBALDIA SPATHIPALPIS. Rondani (1872). Culex spathipalpis Rondani (1872). Bull. d. Soc. Ent. Ital. IV., 31, 12 (1872), Rondani; Dipt. Ital. Prodro. 1 (1886); Mono. Culicid. 1. , p. 339 (1901), and Il. , p. 154 (1903) ; First Rept. Gord. Coll. Well. Laba, p. 73 (1904). Additional localities.—This species has been found again in the Sudan, and Mr. Willcocks sends me many from Egypt, also Santa Cruz, Teneriffe, in November and December ; St. Michaels, Azores, in September, Madeira in October (Dr. Grabham) ; and Cyprus (Miss Bate). Notes.—Larvae and pupae have been found in Khartoum, and are described here, as they have not previously been seen. The specimens were badly mounted, so that only a few characters can be given. The larva when mature is 8 mm. long. The head is bright | chestnut-brown with black eyes and band across the nape, not so wide as the thorax. Thorax and abdomen greenish-brown ; siphon brown. The antennae are simple and tubular and end in a short spine or two; on the side towards the apical half is a three-rayed bristle ; in a line between the antennae are two median single bristles and one on each side composed of three rays ; projecting from the front of the head are two flat curved spines ending in three digit-like processes; the labial plate is acutely triangular, the bases are drawn down on each side, the lateral serrations numerous and small; just in front of the eyes is a four-rayed bristle. The thorax bears long dense lateral plumose tufts, with smaller short simple tufts in four rows dorsally. The first three abdominal segments bear a tuft of several plumose chaetae on each side, the fourth three setae, and the next three two setae. The siphon is short and thick, and bears a comb of seven long thick thorn-like spines ; the anal papillae are bluntly acuminate. The pupa is 5 mm. long, the two thoracic air siphons are large and much expanded, one free border being raised into a prominence, the segments deeply indented ventrally ; the two anal plates are very broad and the free end finely ciliated along the border, the axial rod is asymmetrical] ; there are simple bristles on the head, compound tufts on the thorax, that on the posterior dorsal surface of the last segment most prominent. NN eee eee Genus Theobaldia. 277 ¥ THEOBALDIA ANNULATA. Schrank (1776). Culex annulatus. Schrank (1776). - Theobaldinella annulata. Schrank-Blanchard (1776). Culex variegatus. Schrank (1781). . Culex affinis. Stephens (1825). Mono. Culicid. I., p. 331 (1901), and IIT., p. 148 (1903), Theobald ; Mantissa | Ins. II., 363, 2 (1787), Fabricius; Syst. Nat. V. 2887, 8 (1792), Gmel. ; | Recueil Soc. Sc. Agric. Lille, 216, 1 (1826), Macq.; Mém. Soc. d’Hist Nat. Paris, III., 405, 10 (1827), Robineau Desvoidy; Abbild. europ. | aweif, Ins. I1., tab. 1, fig. 1 (1830), Meigen; Naturhist. Tidsskr. I1., 554, | 5 (1839), Staeg; Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. 1V., 31, 11 (1872), Rondani ; : K. Danske Selsk. Skrift. I11., 376, tab. 1, fig. 1-16 (1886), Meinert; : Hndbk. Gnats, 203, 3 (1900), Giles; Mono. Culicid. I., p. 331, 3 (1901), : and III., p. 148 (1903), Theobald ; Allattan, Kozl. III., 60 (1904), Kertésk; Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. III., p. 82 (1905), Theobald; Les Moust., p. 393 (1905), Blanchard; Sec. Rept. Eco. Zoolo. (Brit. Mus.), p. 10 (1904), Theobald; Rept. Eco. Zoolo. for 1905, p. 111 (1905), Theobald; Class. Mosq. N. and M. America, Tech. Se. 11, U.S. Dept. Agri., p. 22 (1906), Coquillett; Zool. Journ. Lond. IV. (1825) = affinis, Stephens; Enum. Ins. Austr. 482, 983 (1781) ( = variegatus), Schrank. A089 SR Ng Additional localities.—California (Miss Ludlow and Prof. Kellogg) ; Budapest and other localities in Hungary (Kertész) ; India; in England in the following places, Budleigh Salterton, S. Devon ; Canterbury ; Bath ; Lynmouth; Hastings ; Worcester (F. V. Theobald), Weston-super-Mare (H. Jackson). Notes on Life-history and habits. Recent observations have shown that this large mosquito is a very vicious biter in this country. One correspondent, Mr. W. Hatchett Jackson, D.Sc., stated that “the consequence of its bite may be so severe indeed that the patient has to go to bed.” This gentleman informed me that “it usually occurs in the flat country round Weston-super-Mare in large numbers in September and October, but only invades Weston itself to any appreciable extent when the wind blows from the plains, that is to say, between N.E. and 8S. It has been relatively rare round Weston and on the Glastonbury Plain the last few years owing to the ponds and wet dividing ditches, known in Somerset as rhines, being dry or almost dry in summer. In the autumn of the past year [1905] it has been a veritable plague. Hence few persons in Weston and its neighbourhood have escaped the attack of this gnat. The consequence of its puncture may take one of three distinct lines : 278 A Monograph of Culicidae. (1) It is followed by a simple hard swelling which rises and disappears slowly. Traces of it may exist for months. (2) A swelling lke above may arise accompanied by a large reddened and puffy area of inflammation, and a clear vesicle containing a yellowish lymph develops in the centre of the hard swelling. Cases have occurred, especially in women, where there have been four or five simultaneous punctures, and the patient has suffered so much malaise as to retire to bed with fever ranging up to 101° F. (3) The hard sweiling is slight or absent, but there is a great and extensive oedema. The same observer noticed that on a warm sunny day in November the ?’s settled on the stems of periwinkle and wall- flowers and inserting their proboscides, apparently engaged in sucking. It is also met with in the woods of Worlebury Hill, behind Weston, on the north, and is sometimes spoken of as the “Wood Gnat.” Their blood-loving habit has also been recorded from Canterbury,* and I have taken females gorged with blood in March at Budleigh Salterton, 8. Devon, where I was told it is often troublesome. I have also found that it bites man at Wye, but not to any serious extent. Time of hatching.—Observations made in 1903 showed that the imagines hatched out between 8 and 11 o’clock in the morning. ‘The first few days 9’s alone appeared, then for two mornings nothing but @’s, then 9’s again. The @’s nearly all hatched out in the centre of the barrel, the ?’s against the sides. This took place between August 17th and 27th. None could be found until the late autumn in the house or privies; they apparently fly to the woods at first. The larva.—The larvae may be found in rain-water barrels, pools, ditches, or jam pots. When mature they reach 3 of an inch long ; pale greyish-brown in colour, the head smaller than the thorax, and a short thick siphon. The pupa has the sides of the thorax when in the water silvery in hue, due to air which collects at the sides ; siphons truncated and rather curved ; anal flaps prominent and a distinct dendriform tuft on the first abdominal segment. The eggs are laid in large boat-shaped masses. * Report on Economic Zoology for year ending April 1st, 1905, p. 111, F. V. Theobald. Genus Theobaldia. 279 THEOBALDIA INCIDENS. Thomson (1868). Theobaldinella incidens. 'Thomson (1868). Culex incidens. Thomson (1868). Culex particeps. Adams (1903). Kugen. Resa. Dipt., p. 443 (1868); Mono. Culicid. III., p. 151 (1903) (Theobaldia incidens), Theobald; Les Moustiques, p. 393 (1905), Blanchard (Theobaldinella); Class. Mosq. N. and M. America, Tech. Se. 11, U.S. Dept. Agri., p. 22 (1906), Coquillett. Note.—A large amount of new material has been received from Miss Ludlow and others in America. A large number have been received from Pecos Canon, New Mexico. These showed more evident leg banding than in others T have seen, especially on the hind legs of one or two specimens. The position of the posterior cross-vein is seen to vary con- siderably. Additional localities.—Fort Apache, Arizona ; Boise Barracks, Idaho ; Fort Washakie, Wyoming; Fort Wingate, New Mexico ; Washington (Miss Ludlow) ; British Columbia (Dr. Dyar). Synonomy.—i cannot see any reason for separating Adams’ Culex particeps from this species. The only difference in the description is that the petiole of the first fork-cell in the female is one-third the length of the cell; this is unusually short, but its relative length varies so much it is of no account; the other feature I have not noticed is the presence of a few yellow scales on the proboscis and some white ones at the base of the wings. Coquillett also places particeps as a synonym of incidens. Adams’ description is here appended. | CULEX PARTICEPS. Adams (1903). Kansas Uni. Sci. IL., 2, p. 26 (1908). “ g¢. Head brown covered with yellowish scales, among which are some pure white ones, few hairs along eyes black; proboscis dark brown, bearing a few yellowish scales; palpi brown, base of each segment white ; antennae brown, lighter at base; thorax brown, bearing yellow and white scales, the latter most prominent on posterior part, pile black; halteres pale with brown knobs; abdomen brown, scales at base of segments white, on remaining part of segments the scales are brown, a few scattering ones yellow, venter almost wholly covered with white scales; fore coxae brown, others rather pale; femora black with the posterior side on basal half, and a ring near apex white scaled; tibiae black, with a few white scales; tarsi black, with bases white; front and mid tarsal claws toothed, 280 A Monograph of Culieidae. hind ones small and simple; veins of wings light brown, bearing narrow brown scales, those on the anterior part of wing mixed with white ones ; a spot at the origin of the second vein, the small cross-vein, and a spot beginning at the base of the first sub-marginal cell and crossing the second sub-marginal and first posterior cells, clouded with brown, the cross-veins at end of first and second basal cells approximated; petiole of first sub-marginal cell one-half length of cell. 2. Agrees with g, except has more long black scales on head, petiole of first sub-marginal cell one-third the length of that cell; all tarsal claws simple. Length—8 mm. One male and six females; Arizona.—Prof. F. H. Snow.” Genus PARDOMYIA. nov. gen. Head clothed as in Culex, with very long upright forked — scales ; palpi of 9 fairly long, about one-fourth the length of the proboscis ; long in the male. Thorax and scutellum with narrow curved scales. Wings with scanty scales, thickish rather closely appressed lateral vein scales, and the wing membrane stained in places deep brown. Venation typical, but the second posterior cell is very large. Legs very long, especially the hind pair. Large species with brilliant golden and brown markings and spottings. The stained wing membrane and its large size make it a very marked genus. PARDOMYIA AURANTIA. 0. Sp. Head bright golden yellow; palpi the same colour in 9? except for black apex. Thorax rich brown with a narrow golden yellow border in front. Abdomen deep brown basally with deep violet reflections, golden apically. Femora and tibiae spotted with golden yellow and deep purplish brown; hind legs with a yellow basal band to the first, second, and third tarsals, last hind tarsals pure white. Wings tinged with yellow and with scantily yellow scaled veins, a dark spot at the cross-veins and at the marginal cross-vein. 9. Head pale brown, densely clothed with bright golden yellow narrow-curved scales, particularly dense around the borders of the eyes, numerous rich ochraceous to golden yellow long upright forked scales, becoming a little darker at the sides, flat yellow lateral scales with a small brown area in the middle ; tn 7 ee, ccc, TTT ct, LL LLL LLL LL ALLL NT rr cr —__—__ ———— —e | . Genus Pardomyia. 281 chaetae golden or pale brown according to the light ; the whole head presents a general golden yellow appearance. Palpi longish, about one-fourth of the proboscis, yellow with golden yellow scales except at the apex, where there are some black ones; proboscis deep yellow, dark brown at the extreme apex, numerous short black hairs ; antennae brown, basal segment and second segment yellowish with some pale yellow scales. Thorax bright brown, with a prominent band of brilliant golden yellow narrow-curved scales running across it behind the head, the remainder clothed with deep black narrow-curved scales of almost sooty appearance ; chaetae numerous, golden in front, black over the roots of the wings, some with golden sheen apically ; scutellum deep brown with golden narrow-curved scales and brown border-bristles ; metanotum mottled with deep and bright brown; pleurae deep brown with some spots of golden scales. Abdomen golden brown, the two basal segments clothed with almost entirely deep violet black scales, the third with some median spots of bright golden yellow scales, the remainder having gradually more golden yellow scales mixed with the violet black until the segments become brilliant metallic golden yellow ; venter mostly golden yellow, some dark scales along the apical border of the segments; border-bristles brown on the basal segments, golden on the apical. Legs long, hind pair very long, femora and tibiae spotted with rich golden and violet-black, the fore and mid first tarsals and the others unadorned, brown in some lights, pale golden or brassy in others; in the hind legs the base of the first tarsal, second tarsal, and to some extent the third tarsal, with a narrow yellow band, most pronounced on the first tarsal, the last hind tarsal pure white ; ungues all equal and uniserrate. Wings large, tinged with yellow and with yellow veins, scaled with yellow and brown scales, the former predominating, except at the base of the wing, where the scales are deep violet- black ; scales on the second and third veins mostly yellow, the scales all very small, some veins apparently with only very narrow median vein scales, lateral ones present, however, on the branches of the fork-cells and apex of third ; at the cross-veins, base of second vein (marginal cross-vein), and at the humeral vein a brown spot on the membrane, the first large and very prominent, the other two small; first sub-marginal cell very slightly longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its 282 A Monograph of Culicidae. base nearer the apex of the wing, its stem as long as the cell; stem of the second posterior nearly as long as the cell; super- numerary cross-vein a little in front of the mid, which is shorter than either the posterior or supernumerary, the posterior also a little in front of the mid, much longer than either of the others ; halteres with ochreous stem, and fuscous knob with a line of paler scales at the apex. Length.—6 to 7 mm.; length of hind legs 16 mm. Habitat.— Kuching, Sarawak (Dr. Barker, P.M.O.). Time of capture.—November. Observations.—This large handsome mosquito cannot be confused with any other species. It varies to some extent in regard to the amount of golden scales on the abdomen and the spotting on the legs. Genus MEGACULEX. nov. gen. Head clothed with narrow-curved scales in the middle, the flat lateral ones extending far on to the occiput, and numerous upright forked scales; palpi of 9 rather long, more than one- fourth the length of the proboscis ; antennae pilose in 2 about as long as the proboscis; plumose in the ¢, scaly on the basal lobe; male palpi long, with one short, rather swollen apical segment; apparently only two-jointed. Thorax and scutellum with narrow-curved scales. Wings with short fork-cells; the scales on the apical area of the veins large, pear-shaped, the majority of the veins with a single median row of small spatulate vein scales only ; stems of both fork-cells very much longer than the cells. This genus is markedly distinct from any other. The short fork-cells, wing scales, head scale ornamentation, longish female palpi, long antennae, and peculiar male palpi at once separate it from Culex. A single species so far only known, which was described from a g@, and placed provisionally in Culex as C. albitarsis. Genus Megaculex. 283 MEGACULEX ALBITARSIS. Theobald (1901). Culex albitarsis. Theobald (1901). Mono. Culicid. II., p. 25 (1901), and ITI., p. 186 (1903), Theobald (not the ? albitarsis of Neveu-Lemaire, Archives di Parasitologie, VI., p. 10, 1902). The 6 only so far described. 2. Head brown, clothed with narrow-curved pale creamy scales in the middle, bordered by flat dusky scales which extend backwards on each side of the head, dull ochreous in front, numerous black upright forked scales ; palpi rather more than one-fourth the length of the proboscis, brown basally, then cchreous, then brown again, a pale ochreous patch towards the base ; proboscis deep ochraceous, with a few scattered brown scales and a black apex; antennae very long, as long as the proboscis, deep brown, basal segment and part of the second bright ochreous with small dusky flat scales. . Thorax deep brown with narrow-curved bronzy-brown scales, paler at the sides and over the roots of the wings, and some mixed pale ones before the scutellum ; numerous black chaetae projecting forwards over the head and golden brown ones over the roots of the wings; scutellum brown with small narrow- curved dusky scales on the mid lobe, creamy ones on the lateral lobes, twelve posterior border-bristles to the mid lobe ; metanotum brown; pleurae pale brown with some areas of small flat pale scales, a tuft of long pale hairs under the base of the wing. Abdomen deep brown with basal white bands and median ~ lateral white spots; venter golden. The basal segment is com- pletely clothed with deep violet-brown scales and long pale golden chaetae. , Legs deep brown, femora pale ochreous at base and beneath ; the last two hind tarsals and apical half of the penultimate snowy white; ungues equal and simple on all the legs; a trace of narrow pale bands at base of first and second tarsals on the mid and hind legs, and even traces at the base of the others on the fore legs. Wings with the fork-cells very small, the first sub-marginal a little longer and narrower than the second posterior, its stem about one and two-thirds the length of the cell, its base nearer the apex of the wing; stem of the second posterior cell not quite twice as long as the cell ; supernumerary cross-vein shorter than and a little in front of the mid, posterior cross-vein very long, 284 A Monograph of Culicidae. much longer than the mid and a little nearer the base of the wing ; marginal transverse long ; the sub-costal transverse short, not far from the marginal. Lateral vein scales on the branches of the second and fourth veins pyriform, also near apex of third Fig. 89. Wing of Megaculez albitarsis. 9. Theobald. long vein, and a few elsewhere; median vein scales small, spatulate, composed of a single row. On the sub-costal and first long vein the scales are longer and denser, and there are pyriform ones on the apical area of the latter. Length.—6°5 to 7 mm. Habitat.—The ¢ was originally described from Bonny, West Africa, from a perfect specimen taken by Dr. Annett. The 9? described here was given me by Mr. Newstead from a series taken by Drs. Dutten and Todd in the Congo Free State. Observations.— Originally placed in Culex, it is now made the type of a new genus. ) This species was recorded by Neveu-Lemaire, who described the 9, from French Guiana. It is not the 9 albitarsis because it has the antennae shorter than the proboscis, whilst in albitarsis they are as long as the proboscis, and the ungues in albitarsis are all simple. Genus GRABHAMIA. Theobald (1903). Fevtipia. Dyar (1905). Mono. Culicid, ITI., p. 243 (1903), Theobald; Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. VII., No. 1, p. 47 (1905), Dyar; Gen. Insect, Fam, Culicid., p. 23 (1905), Theobald. Dr. Dyar has placed my Grabhamia jamaicensis as the type of the genus Feltidia. The genus Grabhamia was founded on the species jamaicensis, so Feltidia cannot stand, Genus Grabhamia. | 285 At present twenty-one species are known. All have the wings mottled. The species all seem to lay their eggs separately, and the larvae have short siphons. Fig. 90. Larva of Grabhamia jamaicensis. Theobald. (After Glenn-Herrick.) (One anal gill shown below. ) Genus GRABHAMIA. | Species. ne Leg bands. 2 ungues. o& ungues. eas | G. pulcritarsis. Rond.... | 1°4—1-121-1?; 2°1—2°3~—00 G. pulcripalpis. Rond. H = 1:1-1°1-0°'0 = =1:1—1°1—0°0 G. penicillaris. Rond. dj 11-1:1-1:1 9 2-1—2-1-1-1 G. dorsalis. Meig. ...... oy ~1:1-1:1-1'1)—)— 1'1-1:1-1'1 G. subtilis. Serg.......... 8. | Pebst-1—Sed: | 2-1-1-4-¥ 1 G. willeocksw. n. sp. .. a= 1l1l-1:1-1:'1 = 1:1-1:1-0:°0 G. sollicitans. Walk. so | 1-1—1-1~11 | 2°1—9+1-1-1 G. longisquamosa. Theo. ae. SLsl—Pet as n. k. G. ochracea. Theo. .... ag 2. |'0°0-0-0—-8.9 n. k. G. taeniarostris. un. sp. “2 | 0°0-0:0-0°0 | n. k. G. mariae. Serg. ......... BS, | ei+b-221-08 |) 2-9 2-1-<0-0 G. curries. Coq..........++. | | 1-1-1:1-1°1 G. gamaicensis. Theo. om | 0°-0—0°0—0°0 2°1—2°1—0°0 G. pygmaea. Theo. ...... z 5 | 0:0-0-0-0-0 | 2°1-2-1—0-0 G. > areca Theo. =e | 1*1~—1:1-0°0 | n. k. G. flavifrons. Sk.......... 5 < | 1-1-1'1-00 | n. Kk. G. vittata. Ss pera S& dl-11-1-1 | 1:1-1-1-1+1 G. discolor. Coq. ......... . | 0°0-0'0—0'0 2°1—2:1—0:0 G. spenceri. Theo. ...... ; 4 4 -tsdd-d bed) n. k. G. maculosa. Theo....... | Bo 1-1-—1:1-1°1 n. k. G. ambigua. Theo. ...... | | o @ | n. k. -1—0°0 an 4 a fant G. nanus. Coq. = re pygmaea, Theobald. n. k. = not known. 286 A Monograph of Culrerdae. GRABHAMIA JAMAICENSIS. Theobald (1901). Culex jamaicensis. Theobald (1901). Culeax confinis. Coquillett (non Arribalzaga). Mono Culicid. I., p. 345 (1901), and IIT., p. 244 (1903), Theobald; Mosq. Jamaica, p. 29 (1905), Theobald and Grabham ; Ento. News, p. 81 (1904), Glenn-Herrick. Additional localities—Fort Caswell, 8S. Carolina; Florida ; Fort St. Philip, Louisiana ; Washington Barracks, D.C.; Fort Fig. 91. Larval characters of Grabhamia jamaicensis. Theobald. a, Labial plate ; b, scale of comb of 8th segment ; c, siphon, etc. ; d, antenna (after Smith). Compare with Felt’s figures. Du Pont, Delaware; Fort Morgan, Alabama; Virginia; Fort Washington, Maryland (Miss Ludlow) ; New Jersey (J. B. Smith) ; Mississippi (Glenn-Herrick). Life-history and habits.—The life-history has been worked out by Professor Glenn-Herrick (Ento. News, p. 81, 1904), and again by Professor J. B. Smith (Mosq. N. Jersey, p. 191, 1905). The larvae were first noticed by Glenn-Herrick in an open sewage drain at the College Campus, Mississippi, in 1901, and also scores in a roadside pool near Starkville. At first sight Genus Grabhamia. 287 they might be mistaken for Anopheles, owing to their horizontal position in the water. They lie just below the surface film. Fig. 92. Grabhamia jamadicensis. Labial plate with hair on same (after Fe!t). Fig. 93, Pecten of G. jamaicensis. Theobald. Pecten of another larva of G. (After Felt.) jamaicensis (after Felt). Rain-water pools of transient nature seem their favourite abode, those found in the sewage ditch being exceptional. ; 288 A Monograph of Culvrerdae. Comb of Grabhamia jamaicensis. Theobald. Mid spine of (After Felt.) comb. When the larva rises to the surface it assumes at first the position of a Culex, but after a moment, if left undisturbed, the body with a slight jerk floats quickly to an ap- proximately horizontal position, with the head on a level with the surface of the water. It differs from Anopheles in this respect, however, that like a piece of slack rope, that it is curved down between the head and respiratory tube. The tube projects at least a third of its length out of the water. They are . constantly swimming about in a backward direc- tion. Theanal filaments are much longer and more slender than in Culex. Professor Glenn-Herrick says the respiratory tube is much longer than in Culex fatigans. The figure does not show this, and a character of this genus is the short larval siphon. The antennae have a small lateral tuft towards the apex. The comb on the eighth seg- _ ment is composed of conspicuously toothed spines Grabhamia - s jamaicensis, Joined on a weak basal segment. The pupae are larval siphon. large and are figured with long siphons, with two tiers at the truncated end. This stage lasts, according to Pro- fessor Herrick, forty-eight hours. The eggs are laid singly, as Fig. 95. Genus Grabhamia. 289 observed by Dr. Grabham, and are possibly, as in G. solic, laid on dry mud or moist soil, and await the coming of rain. The eggs of G. dorsalis can withstand desiccation some months, and hatch out at once when placed in water. This habit of laying eggs on dry or drying mud in places likely to catch water and so form pools is apparently common to the members of this very distinct genus. Professor Smith, whilst agreeing in the main with this, yet states (p. 193) that in New Jersey the habit of assuming the horizontal position seems much less developed. The younger larvae, he finds, do assume and for a time maintain this attitude ; but when nearly mature they take the horizontal position when rising to the surface, maintain it for a few moments only, and then drop back to the normal Culicine position. Coquillett (Class. Mosq. N. and M. America, p. 22, 1906) says that all his references under confinis refer to this species. GRABHAMIA PYGMAEA. Theobald (1903). Culea nanus. Coquillett (1903). Taeniorhynchus antiguae. Giles (1904). Mono. Culicid. III., p. 245 (1903); Canad. Entomo., p. 256, Sept. (1903) (= nanus); Mosq. Jamai., p. 31 (1905); Journ. Trop. Med., p. 384 (1904) (= antiguae), Giles. Geographical distribution.—Antigua, Jamaica, Florida. Life-history and habits.—The following notes and figure were sent me by Dr. Grabham: “ Two gorged specimens, captured on a horse and introduced into breeding jars. A few eggs were laid about thirty-six hours afterwards. The insects were then killed and pinned. The eggs were deposited like those of the type, separately on the surface of the water. They were comparatively large, about 3 mm. long, and somewhat narrow and covered with hollow papillae curved at their apices towards the narrow end of the ovum. The air-chambers are quite different to those in Stegomyia fasciata ova. The larvae hatched out two days after- wards and were fully grown in eight days. The appearance of the last three segments of the adult larva is as shown in the figure. Anal papillae, lanceolate, acuminate, as long as the longest posterior hairs. A short chitinous collar around the posterior half of the ninth segment strengthened on the under surface by transverse bars. Genus Grabhamia. 311 black at basal and apical third; radius 4 and 5, black at apical two- thirds; media 1 and 2 black, beginning a short distance from base and extending to cross-vein, black again a littie on each side of fork with media 3, and again at margin; media 3 black at both ends. Cubitus 1, black, beginning a short distance from base and extending to fork with cubitus 2, white for a short distance, then black to cross-vein, and again at margin; cubitus 2 slightly black at tip and anal vein black at apical fourth. The black at the forks, radius 2 and 3 and media 1 and 2 and 3 are so close together that they appear as distinct spots.” Observations.—This species has been bred from larvae. Nothing is known of the habits of the adult, or whether or not it bites. The larvae were taken by Mr. William P. Leal in June and July at Delair, N.J. The pupae formed on June 23rd and 24th and imagines hatched on the 27th and 28th—a pupal period of four days. The second lot (July) re- ceived by Professor Smith did not thrive, one hatched out on August 8th. The larvae are noticeable by their white antennae which are very prominent, by their long thin anal gills, and by their habit of resting on the bottom, back downwards, antennae pointing upwards and mouth brushes kept in constant motion. They feed at or near the bottom. In colour the larva is yellowish-brown when full grown. Length 7 to 8 mm. Head pale yellow, no markings. An- tennae large, with small stout spines, thickest centrally and twice curved, terminating almost in a point; lateral tuft below the middle; mentum with eight teeth on each side of apex. Belly waht , Lateral comb of eighth segment consists a, antenna; b, labial plate of 5 to 8 scales only arranged in form of OF RES an are on a separate band; the scales have a long terminal spine and two shorter ones apical, and side spines still smaller and two small ones between the long apical ones. Siphon very sinall, three times as long as broad, with two apical curved spines ; the pecten with 5 to 8 spines, each with long teeth (2 or 3). Anal gills long, twice as long as siphon. The larva 312 A Monograph of Culicidae. approaches G. jamaicensis and other Grabhamias in the long anal gills. | GRABHAMIA MACULOSA. Theobald (1904). Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. ITI., p. 105 (1904). Head clothed with narrow-curved bright brown scales, with some creamy ones behind, flat creamy lateral scales with a small black spot. Proboscis and palpi brown speckled with white. Thorax deep brown densely clothed with narrow-curved bright brown scales, with traces of two pale lines behind. Abdomen deep brown with scattered creamy scales, most dense basally and apically. Legs brown with scattered creamy scales, bases. and under surface of femora creamy ; ungues uniserrated. Fig. 107. a and B, Female palp ; C, head ; D, enlarged cephalic scale of G. macwlosa, Theobald. 9. Head deep brown clothed with large narrow-curved scales reddish-brown in colour, but some creamy behind, those in front all pointing uniformly forwards, those behind irregular, in front ochreous upright forked scales, behind they are black ; at the sides flat creamy svales with a small spot of black ones. Palpi black with scattered white scales; apical segment large, nearly twice as long as the penultimate; proboscis deep brown with scattered creamy scales. Antennae deep brown, basal segment with flat creamy scales, Thorax deep blackish-brown with narrow-curved golden- brown scales, those in front of the scutellum broader like those on the head and creamy, in certain lights there are traces of two pale scaled parallel lines behind; scutellum paler brown with large narrow-curved creamy scales and golden-brown border- Genus Grabhamia. 313 bristles ; metanotum deep brown ; pleurae and prothoracic lobes densely scaled with flat white scales. Abdomen black scaled with scattered creamy white scales all over but forming prominent basal bands and narrower apical ones as well, basal segment bright testaceous with scattered flat white scales; border-bristles pale; ventér dark with scattered creamy white scales all over. Legs mottled with brown and creamy white scales, the femora and the tibiae with more pale scales than the tarsi, all the segments pale scaled beneath; ungues thick, equal, - uniserrated. Wings rather densely scaled with brown and creamy scales, giving the veins a mottled appearance; first sub-marginal cell considerably longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base about level with that of the latter, its stem about half Fig. 108. Wing of Grabhamia maculosa. @. Theobald. the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior cell nearly as long as the cell; supernumerary and mid cross-veins meet at an angle, the posterior not quite its own length distant from the mid; scales at the base of the veins creamy. MHalteres with pale stem and fuscous knob. Length.—6 to 6°5 mm. Habitat.—Sfax, Tunis (Biro). Observations.— Described from five perfect 2’s, one dissected and mounted in balsam. ‘They are large conspicuous mosquitoes looking like Culex cantans, Meigen, etc., which have densely scaled wings and similar palpi. The complete speckling of the abdomen, legs, wings and palpi should at once separate it from all other known Culicidae. It is best placed in this genus, but the ? palpi are apparently only two-jointed, the two basal segments being fused. 314 A Monograph of Culicidae. Genus PSEUDOGRABHAMIA. Theobald. Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., p. 244 (1905). Head clothed with narrow-curved, upright forked and flat lateral scales. Mesothorax with narrow-curved scales; scutellum with small flat scales only on the lateral lobes, small flat ones on the inid lobe, except along the posterior border where there are narrow-curved scales ; metanotum nude. Wings with rather broad cone-shaped scales especially on the basal half of the veins, thin lateral ones on the apical halves and rather broader ones on the stems of the fork-cells: fork-cells short. Male palpi with the two apical segments rather swollen, also the apex of the antepenultimate ; the apical segment bluntly acuminate, both end segments with hair-tufts and also hairs on the apex of the antepenultimate segment. This genus looks very much like Grabhamia, but can at once be told by the scutellum having small flat scales, not all narrow- curved ones as in that genus. PsSEUDOGRABHAMIA MACULATA. Theobald (1905). Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., Vol. XVI., p. 244 (1905). Thorax reddish-brown with two rather indistinct small pale spots ; pleurae with silvery puncta. Abdomen with basal white bands. Legs with mottled scales and basal white bands. Wings short with small fork-cells; scales mottled. Antennae of ¢ flaxen ; palpi brown with three narrow pale bands; apical segment acuminate. | 9. Head brown with scattered greyish-white, rather broad narrow-curved scales, very small narrow-curved golden ones around the eyes and numerous black upright forked scales. Antennae deep brown, the basal globular segment black to brown, the base of the second segment’ bright testaceous. Clypeus black ; proboscis with deep brown, black and scattered white scales. Palpi short, with deep brown scales, except at the apex where they are white. Thorax deep brown with very small reddish golden-brown narrow-curved scales nearly all directed posteriorly ; ornamented with four round silvery grey spots on the mesonotum, similar coloured ones just in front near the head and another spot on the front of the root of the wings and scattered grey scales in front of the scutellum; pleurae Genus Pseudograbhamia. 315 brown with grey puncta; scutellum with small flat white scales only on the lateral lobes, small flat white ones on most of the median lobe with a few narrow-curved pale golden ones on its apical edge, with bright brown border-bristles. Abdomen deep, blackish-brown with basal white bands and with short pale golden border-bristles. Legs deep brown, the femora and tibiae and first tarsals with scattered pale scales, the knees white, first tarsals and next three tarsals of the fore and mid legs with basal pale yellow to almost white bands, last tarsal segment all deep brown; in the hind legs all the segments have basal white bands; ungues of the fore and mid legs equal and uniserrated, of the hind equal and simple. Wings short with the fork-cells short, the scales mottled ‘brown and creamy grey; scales on the basal areas of the veins Vig. 109, Wing of Pseudograbhamia maculata, 9. Theobald. and the median paired ones cone-shaped and broad, the lateral ones on the apical halves linear and very narrow, except on the branches of the first fork-cell where they are broader ; on the stems of the fork-cells they are much broader and cone-shaped ; some of the scales are asymmetrical ; first sub-marginal cell longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior cell, its base slightly nearer the apex of the wing, its stem about the same length as the cell ; stem of the second posterior slightly longer than the cell; posterior cross-vein not quite its own length distant from the mid cross-vein. Length.—3°8 to 4 mm. g. Antennae banded brown and grey, plume-hairs bright flaxen. Proboscis not mottled as in the 9. Palpi long; the two apical segments and the apex of the penultimate slightly swollen : the apical segment about the same length but narrower 316 A Monograph of Culicidae. than the penultimate, the remainder of the palps looking like one long segment, the jointing being invisible owing to the scales ; colour deep brown; creamy-white scales form an apparent band at the base of the two apical segments, and there is another very narrow pale band half-way down the remainder of the palps ; the two apical segments have blackish plume-hairs, and also both sides of the apex of the ante-penultimate segment. Legs as in the 2; fore and mid ungues unequal, both uniserrated ; the hind ones simple (? equal). Wings much as in 9. Length.—4°*3 mm. Habitat.—Galgamuwa, Ceylon (E. E. Green), Time of capture.—August (1902). Observations.— Described from two perfect ?’s and one ¢. The species is very marked, but unless examined microscopically might easily be placed in Grabhamia, from which it is separated by the small flat scutellar scales. Genus APOROCULEX. nov. gen. Head clothed with narrow-curved scales, small flat lateral ones, and broadly expanded upright forked scales. Basal segment of antennae with small scales; prothoracic lobes with narrow-curved scales and chaetae; mesonotum with narrow- curved scales. Palpi short in 9. Wings with Culex venation, but the posterior cross-vein slopes prominently in basal direction. Wings with large spatulate scales on the first long vein; the median vein-scales large and spatulate, but absent on the branches of the second long vein, lateral vein-scales like Culex. This genus is based on the squamose characters of the wings, whilst the unusual direction of the posterior cross-vein and the broadly expanded upright forked-scales may be taken as secondary generic characters. The genus comes between Culex and Grabhamia, APOROCULEX PUNCTIPES. 2. Sp. Head deep brown with some deep golden median scales ; proboscis brown with a narrow pale median creamy band. Grenus Aporoculex, 317 Thorax deep brown with faint golden ornamentation. Abdomen brown with basal pale bands to some of the segments. Legs with spotted femora and tibiae, and narrow pale bands involving both sides of the joints. Wings with large median vein-scales. 9. Head deep brown with narrow-curved dull golden-brown scales which form a brighter golden median area, dusky upright forked scales, which show distinct violet reflections, and which are much expanded apically, and dull creamy and brown flat lateral scales ; clypeus reddish-brown ; palpi dark scaled with a few pale scales especially at the apex, and pale hued at the joints ; antennae brown with pale internodes, basal segment dark on the inner side, bright testaceous on the outer, with a few small flattened yellow spindle-shaped scales; proboscis deep brown with a median creamy band. Thorax black with narrow-curved deep bronzy scales and some rather irregular and indistinct patches of golden narrow- curved scales giving a somewhat ornamented mottled appearance, chaetae deep black, the golden scales form an indistinct line across the mesonotum just past the middle, and two spots just before the scutellum ; the bare space with bronzy minute scales ; prothoracic lobes prominent with black and a few golden chaetae, and with a few narrow-curved dull golden scales ; scutellum black with narrow-curved bronzy scales on the base, and somewhat larger golden ones along the border ; border-bristles black, the mid lobe with three large ones on each side, and two smaller median ones ; metanotum dark brown ; pleurae brown with some flat creamy scales. Abdomen deep brown with a yellow band on the fourth to seventh segments, rather deeply constricted in the middle ; the basal segment with two black patches of scales and brown bristles, the second with a creamy median triangular spot and traces of small pale basal scales, scarcely forming a band, the third with a few pale basal scales, scarcely noticeable, and there are pale scales at the sides ; border-bristles pale. Legs deep brown, femora and tibiae with pale spots, the joints with narrow pale bands involving to some extent both sides of the joints, but mostly basal; ungues equal and simple ; femora and tibiae with short, dark spines. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell much longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base slightly nearer the base of the wing, its stem less than one-third the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior cell about two-thirds the length 318 A Monograph of Culicidae. of the cell ; posterior cross-vein slightly longer than the mid, about one and a half times its own length distant from it, and sloping Fig. 110. Pseudoculex punctipes. @. Nn. sp. prominently backwards ; scales of the first long vein large and clense, those of first fork-cell of Culex-form the stem and other veins with broad spatulate median vein scales. Halteres with pale scales. Length.—5 mm. Habitat.—Chinde, British Central Africa (F. O. Stoehr). Observations.—Described from a perfect 9. It is very marked owing to the prominent spotted femora and tibiae, and peculiarly adorned abdomen, which under a hand lens looks as if unbanded. It somewhat approaches Taeniorhynchus tenaa, Theob., in general appearance, but the wings at once separate it, and also the general adornment. Larvae of this species have been sent taken in a cistern at Chinde, but as there are two kinds in the bottle, I do not know which belongs to this species. Genus CULICADA, Felt. Mosquitoes or Culicidae, N. Y. State, App., 1904, p. 391b, Felt; Journ, Keo. Biolo., Vol. L., p. 26, 1905, Theobald. | Head, thorax, and abdomen with similar scales to Culea. Wings with short fork-cells and clothed with denser and larger vein-scales than in Oulex, the median vein scales especially so. The palpi of the female longer than in Culex, of four segments, the apical one small. The stem of the first sub-marginal cell is usually short, but may be a little longer or a little shorter than the cell. | The genus can at once be separated from Culea by the short fork-cells and the scale structure of the wings. Genus Culicada. 319 The characters given by Felt will not all hold even in the same species. For instance, “the posterior cross-vein about its own length from the mid cross-vein” is given as a generic character in the female ; in C. cantans, Meigen, it varies to as much as its whole length; and in the male, again Felt says “the petiole of the first fork-cell is equal in length to that of the cell”; it in reality will vary not only in the same species, but in specimens from the same batch of eggs. The type of this genus should be Meigen’s cantans, not my Culex canadensis. The larvae in this genus have short thick syphons. A number of species (24) come in this genus as cantator, Coq., canadensis, Theob., nemorosus, Meigen, morsitans, Theob., diversus, Theob., annulipes, Meigen, vexans, Meigen, and lutescens, Fabricius, ete. Felt gives the following American species, which belong here, namely, fitchii, Felt, cinereoborealis, Felt, onondagensis, Felt, abserratus, Felt, and lazarensis, Felt. Others he refers to that certainly do not belong here are squamiger, Coq., triseriatus, Say, trivittatus, Cog., atropalpus, .Cog., and sollicitans, Walker. A complete table of species is given below :— a. Legs basally pale banded. 8. Abdomen basally pale banded. vy. Ungues all uniserrate, Thorax golden brown with two lateral pale lines most pro- nounced beh ima ry, ,.be... bo.s064..- abfitchi. Felt.* Thorax golden yellow and golden brown scales, with traces of spots MRA MMOR . IGS. fas sd. a cantans. Meigen. Thorax with median dark line, no pale scaled area in front of meso- PE oo icictadied ve S Sa tiedeecewe subcanians, Felt. Thorax with broad submedian rich brown vittae bordered laterally with a broad pale creamy or silvery line and a median dark PALA 5 ~condte ae aLa Seats es ee fitchu. Felt. Thorax black with pale golden to creamy scales, unadorned ..,....... waterhouser. Theobald. yy. Hind ungues simple. Thorax with reddish brown scales TRGOTIOT, . . jawwascisonaitiuhssiilgapncstiliin caniator. Coquillett. Thorax black with pale goiden to creamy se@les 31i.cuscc..2dee. nipponi. ND. sp. * C. stphonalis, Grossbeck, is said to be the same as this species. 3.20 A Monograph of Culieidae. Thorax tessellated with gold and brown scales, very small ......... mimuta. 0. Sp. 88. Abdomen yellow scaled ...........see0e0e2- Grcanus. Blanchard. aa. Legs with apical banding. | Ungues all uniserrate .................. onondagensis, Felt. aaa. Legs with basal and apical banding. ; Abdomen unbanded ...... Livi acotieatons Jlwiatilis. un. sp. Abdomen with basal pale bands...... canadensis. Theobald. saan, Legs unbanded. 5. Yellowish species. Abdomen all yellow. Fork-cells short normal,...........00006. lutescens. Fabricius. Fork-cells rather long ..........seeceeee quasimodesta. Theo- bald. Abdomen with dark apical bands; smaller than above ...........sececeeees bicolor. Meigen. 58. Not yellow. ¢. Abdomen unbanded. - e. Hind ungues simple. | Thorax golden scaled with two median dark bare lines ............ bupengaryensis. Theo- bald. ¢<¢. Abdomen with basal pale bands. Ungues all uniserrate. Thorax brown with golden scaled line on each side and traces of two golden scaled lines behind... aurifer. Coquillett. Thorax with a broad rich brown median stripe and a long similar coloured patch on each side behind from the mid of meso- notum—a narrow pale line be- tween them and the mid area ... pretans. Grossbeck. Thorax with silvery grey scales at the sides, golden brown in the TIO 0 tinctind ligated atin wenn trichura. Dyar. Thorax golden scaled with two median dark bare lines ............ diversa. Theobald. Thorax golden yellow scaled with two broad brown sub-median lines and a narrow median one’ Jlazarensis. Felt and Young. Thorax golden yellow scaled with a narrow median dark line and a broader brownish one on each DARE. .cidennerdsecaiive chiilieiisilan sane abservata. Felt. Thorax brownish grey, a brown spot at middle becoming wider behind, the sides separated by a narrow White line ..........seeeseee cinereoborealis. Felt. Genus Culieada. 321 Thorax dark with golden brown and golden scales, those at the sides paler and brighter than in middle and forming two more or less pale narrow lines............... memorosa. Meigen. CULICADA FitcHil. Felt and Young (1904). Culex fitchti. Felt and Young. Mosq. N. Y. St. Bull. 79, Ent. 22, N. Y. St. Mus., p. 281 (1904); 20th Rept. St. Ent. N. Y. St. Mus. Bull., 97, Ent. 24, p. 451 (1905). Closely related to abfitchii, but the mesonotum has broad sub-median rich brown vittae bordered laterally by a broad area of pale creamy almost silvery scales and a median thin dark line. No bare median head line as in abfitchii. Q. Head deep brown, with narrow-curved scales in the middle becoming browner, then small flat scales which are almost b Fig. 111. Cephalic and thoracic adornment of a, Culicada subcantans, Felt ; b, C. fitchit, Felt ; c, C. abjitchit, Felt. white with two patches of dark ones ; forked scales pale creamy to white in the middle, black behind and at the sides. Palpi almost black with some white scales, both at apextand on the basal area. Proboscis dark brown (Felt says “rather thickly flecked almost its entire length with silvery-white scales”). Antennae brown, basal segment testaceous with a patch of small VOL. IV. Y 322 A Monograph of Culicidae. flat creamy white scales on the inner surface, the verticillate hairs brown, the internodal pubescence pale. Thorax rich brown with a narrow dark median line and traces of sub-median dark lines, the middle area of thorax clothed with narrow-curved bright rich golden brown scales, the sides with pale creamy scales, the pale scaled areas narrowing posteriorly but sending a narrow line of pale scales towards the > scutellum, many pale scales around the bare space in front of the scutellum ; scutellum pale brown with narrow-curved pale scales and pale golden border-bristles; pleurae brown with patches of flat white scales ; metanotum bright brown. Abdomen dark brown, with distinct pale creamy basal bands which vary in form, some are prolonged medianally, in others laterally, the bands on the sixth and seventh segments occupy half and three-fourths respectively of the segments on the dorsum ; apical segment may be all pale scaled ; venter mostly pale scaled but with a median dark line which is much broken, and a dusky patch at the posterior corners of each segment. Legs with the femora and tibiae with black and creamy scattered scales, the former pale at the base, both segments with many pale scales ventrally. The femora have many more pale scales than the tibiae, the fore, mid, and hind first tarsals with basal white bands, the next three tarsals of the fore and mid and all the hind tarsals with basal white bands, most prominent in the hind legs ; ungues all equal and uniserrate. Wings with brown scales with scattered creamy ones ; first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior Fig. 112. Grabhamia fitchit. Felt. 9°. cell, its stem about two-thirds the length of the cell, its base about level with that of the second posterior cell. Posterior cross-vein a little less than its own length distant from the mid cross-vein. Genus Culicada. 323 -Halteres with fuscous apex and pale stem. Length.—6 to 7 mm. 6. ‘‘Palpi dark brown, the third segment capitate, and with a broad basal and a median white band, a lateral whitish patch of scales apically, with a rather sparse ventral tuft and with two short, stout, sub-apical setae ; this segment one-third longer than the combined nearly equal fourth and fifth segments, the fourth with a broad, well-detined, white basal band ; the fifth with a rudimentary basal band of the same colour, more slender than the fourth and extending its own length beyond the pro- Fig. 114. Comb scale of C. fitehii. S (Felt.) Fig. 113. 2, Culicada fitehii. ‘ C. fitchii. Air tube. (Felt.) Pecten tooth. boscis.” . . . “Abdomen dark brown, with distinct rather broad basal yellowish white bands slightly produced laterally, those on _ the fifth and sixth segments covering the anterior half, and that on the seventh most of the segment, the eighth sparsely clothed with silvery white scales... . Claws of anterior and middle legs unequal (the shorter simple), the larger claw of middle leg being nearly straight” (Felt). Habitat—New York State (Professor E. P. Felt). Time of appearance.—Middle to latter part of May. Observations.—1 have redescribed this species (?) from a specimen lent me by the Smithsonian Institute, and have added notes on the ¢ from Professor Felt’s original description. | Yo 324 A Monograph of Culicidae. The adult roughly resembles both abfitchii and subeantans, but can at once be told by the rich brown sub-median vittae bordered laterally by a broad area clothed with loose curved silvery scales, as described by Felt. Abraded specimens resemble abfitchiu, subcantans, cantans, and sylvesiris. Habits of larvae.—Professor Felt states that the larvae occur in association with a number of early spring forms. They may be recognised by the long, uniformly tapering air tube with con- tinuous, closely-placed row of jet-black pecten at its base. They are apparently confined very largely to open, grassy pools such as are found along roadsides and in meadows where it is found in association with subcantans, abfitchii, trichurus, impiger, Aedes Juscus, ete. CULICADA SUBCANTANS. Felt (1905). Culex cantans. Felt (non Meigen). Mosq. N. Y. State, Bull. 79, Ent. 22,N. Y. St. Mus., pp. 284-289 (1904), Felt. (cantans); Rept. N. J. St. Agri. Exp. St. Mosq., p. 240 (1904), Smith ; 20th Rept. St. Ento.; N. Y. St. Mus. Bull. 97, Ent. 24, p. 474 (1905), Felt. Allied to C. abfitchii, but with longer narrow-curved head scales and no median bare line; scutellum smaller ; a distinct dark median thoracic line ; no pale scaled area in front of meso- notum, and the posterior cross-vein nearer the mid. Harpes shorter, not more than half length of basal lobe. : @. Head deep brown with large long narrow-curved pale creamy scales and black upright forked scales, some flat black and then pale creamy lateral ones ; chaetae brown, except those between the eyes, which are pale creamy. Palpi deep brown. Antennae brown, base testaceous. Proboscis deep brown, scattered pale scales at the base. Thorax brown, with dark longitudinal lines, clothed with golden brown narrow-curved scales, two lines of pale creamy ones, which behind unite with a pale scaled area in front of the scutellum, the pale scales also occur in front of the mesonotum ; a median bare dark line is also prominent; scutellum brown, with narrow-curved pale scales ; nine or ten bristles on posterior border of mid lobe; metanotum bright brown; pleurae brown with flat creamy scales. Abdomen deep brown, with basal creamy bands and pale lateral spots and very narrow apical pale bands ; posterior border- bristles pallid. Genus Culicada. | 325 Legs with femora and tibiae brown with scattered whitish scales, femora pale at base and beneath ; first tarsals unbanded ; second and third fore and mid tarsals with narrow basal pale bands: banding on hind legs more pronounced ; ungues equal and uniserrate. Wings with brown scales and some scattered pale ones ; first sub-inarginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its stem nearly two-thirds the length of the cell, its base about level with that of the second posterior cell, stem of the latter nearly as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein a little more than its own length distant from the mid. | Lengih.—6-8 mm. : 6. ‘‘Basal clasp segment stout; clasper slender, slightly swollen near the middle, and with a long slender apical spine. Claspette a slight basal lobe bearing a very long curved chitinous spine and a few large setae. Harpes with the proximal portion stout, and at the basal third several large internal spines ; distal parts on a very long, slender, halbert-like blade, with a slightly recurved acute tip. Harpogones evenly rounded, terminating in a_ stout recurved tooth and with several smaller teeth. Unci approximate, rather broad, apex acute. Setaceous lobes well developed, with numerous large chitinous spines ” (Felt). Fore and mid ungues unequal uniser- rate, hind equal and uniserrate. Habitat.—New England and New York (EK. P. Felt and L. O. Howard), Sas- katchewan River, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, and Mexico, New Jersey. Time of appearance.—May and June. _ Observations.—This species was at first taken by Felt to be Meigen’s C. cantans; it can at once be told, however, by the thoracic adornment and abdomen and ¢ genitalia i as pointed out by Felt. Concerning this Soa Felt writes, “The above named (cantans) MB io. Seis" American species noticed by Dr. Smith and aerate Ailes toe the writer under the name of Culex cantans, | Meigen, is a different species. ‘There is considerable similarity between the genitalia of our American species and the European 326 A Monograph of Culicidae. form, yet they are readily separated by the conspicuous linear, oblique, setaceous lobe at the base of the first clasp segment, and in particular by the conspicuous prolongation of the inner ventral wall into a tapering process with rounded extremity, which nearly meets the one arising on the opposite segment. The narrow setaceous lobe has a peculiar curved spine at its lateral extremity, and its posterior margin is thickly clothed with stiff setae. Ventral surface of the con- spicuous basal lobe also thickly clothed with setae, and its apex bears a thick brush which intermingles with that arising from the process on the opposite side.” The larva has been described by E. P. Felt and J. B. Smith. Its head is dark brown ; antennae pale brown, darker at tip and with scanty tuft arising before the middle of the joint. Labial plate triangular and toothed as shown in Felt’s figure Fig. 116. Labial plate of C. subcantans (after Felt). reproduced here. Anal segment with broad dorsal plate, extend- ing nearly to the ventral line but not enclosing the segment. Siphon nearly cylindrical, tapering slightly and with double row of pecten, each terminated by a branched hair, pecten with three prominent and several smaller serrations. Comb consists of a somewhat irregular patch of scales arranged in about three rows, each scale being somewhat spatulate and tipped with numerous fine hairs and a terminal coarser spine. Number of comb scales varies from twenty-eight to thirty-two according to Felt. There is evidently some confusion in regard to this larva, for Dyar, Smith and Felt’s figures do not agree. The figures reproduced here are Felt’s, as they agree in every way with the specimens he sent me of adults and larvae. Habits and life-history.—According to Dr. Dyar it flies most of the summer, but occurs as one generation only. Professor Felt says the larvae survive the winter, but Dr. Dyar states that Genus Culicada. 32:7 they hatch from over-wintering eggs very early in the spring and that the growth is not rapid, a month probably being required Fig. 117. Comb of larva of Culicada subcantans (after Felt). Fig. 118. Culicada subcantans. Felt. a, Scale of 8th segment; b, antennae ; c, siphon, ete. ; d, scale of pecten (after Smith). for the hatching of the adults. The eggs are said to be laid singly, and readily sink in the water. 328 A Monograph of Culicidae. The larvae occur in woodland pools and springs in early spring, according to Professor J. B. Smith, in company with those of C. canadensis. Smith states (p. 243) that the larvae favour the deeper pools, and feed and hide amongst dead leaves on the bottom, but the pupae are always at the surface. CuLICADA ABFITcHIl. Felt (1905). Culex abfitchii. Felt (nom. nud.) (1904). Culex siphonalis. Grossbeck (?). 20th Rept. St. Ent. Bull. 97, Ent. 24, N. Y. St. Mus. (1905); Mosquitoes of N. Y. St. Bull. 79, Hnt. 22, N. Y. St. Mus., p. 381 (1904) (nom. nud.). Head pale golden yellow with black and a few pale upright forked scales ; proboscis dark with scattered pale scales. ‘Thorax densely clothed with golden brown scales, with two lateral pale lines most pronounced behind. Abdomen deep brown with basal pale bands, which may expand laterally or medianally. Wings with mottled scales. Legs brown with scattered pale scales and basal white bands. 2. Head brown clothed with narrow-curved pale golden yellow to creamy scales, flat pale golden, then black lateral ones, black upright forked scales with a few pale ones in front; the curved scales of the mid area and back of the occiput broader and paler than the others, the former pass well between the eyes, and a few pale golden bristles also project forwards, brown ones on the rest of the head ; proboscis and palpi blackish brown with scattered pale scales; antennae brown, basal segment bright testaceous with a few small flat creamy and black scales, the latter also occur on the second segment. Thorax deep brown clothed with rich golden brown narrow- curved scales, a sub-median line on each side of pale creamy scales most marked on the posterior half and forming a mass in front of the scutellum, these pale scales are also prominent at the sides of the thorax and thickly clothe the scutellum ; chaetae golden and brown, the former notably over the roots of the wings; pleurae ochreous to pale brown with dense flat white scales ; metanotum bright pale brown. Abdomen deep brown with pale creamy to white basal bands which spread out laterally, often extending all along the sides of the segments, penultimate segment with pale apical scales, apical Genus Culrcada. 329 one with pale scales all over it; basal segment pale with fiat white scales only; hairs pale golden; venter mostly pale- scaled. Legs with the femora pale ochreous and yellow with a speckling of dark scales, apex white; tibiae the same but rather more dark scales; first tarsals with still more dark scales, especially apically ; other tarsals deep brown, the three following on all the legs with basal white bands most pronounced on the hind legs.. Ungues all equal and uniserrate, black. Wings with brown scales and some scattered creamy ones, especially basally ; the first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, which is broad; stem of the Fig. 119. Wing of Culicada abjitchti. 2. Felt. former half the length of the cell, of the latter as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein sloping backwards, about its own length distant from the mid. Length.—6 mm. g. Palpi yellowish brown with three pale bands, hair-tufts flaxen brown, most pronounced at apex of the antepenultimate segment. | Thorax and abdomen asin 9. Antennae with flaxen brown plume-hairs. | Wings with the first sub-marginal cell very small, much narrower and very little longer than the wide second posterior, stems of both fork-cells about as long as the cells; posterior cross-vein longer than the mid about its own length distant from it. Ungues of fore and mid legs unequal, uniserrate ; hind ones equal and simple. Genitalia with large basal lobes; claspers a little more than half their length, with long thin terminal segment ; harpes long, enlarged near apex which is acuminate. Lengih.—8 mm. 330 A Monograph of Culicidae. Habitat—Karner, N. York (EH. P. Felt). Time of hatching.—May. _ Larva.—Very like that of C. subcantans, Felt, but may be told by the longer tapering air tubes and the smaller number of slender comb scales, and from C. fitchii by its stouter air tube and particularly by the two isolated, well separate teeth terminating the pecten. The comb scales also differ slightly. Life-history.— Apparently winters in the egg stage, the ova hatching out in the early spring. One generation only, the species not being met with after the end of May. The larvae are confined mainly to grassy pools, sheltering under overhanging grasses (Felt). Observations.—Redescribed from material sent me by Prof. EK. P. Felt. It comes very near cantans and subcantans, but the thoracic adornment differs. Grossbeck’s C. siphonalis is said to be this species. CULICADA SIPHONALIS. Grossbeck (1905). Culex siphonalis. Grossbeck (1905). Canad. Ento. XXXVIII., p. 332 (1906); Mosq. N. Jersey, p. 243, Smith (1905) (= Culicada abfitchi. Felt (?)). Head with pale yellow scales; thorax covered with mixed pale yellow and brown scales at sides, with a median brown- scaled stripe and pale scales forming a narrow border to it; legs basally banded ; abdomen dusky brown with pale yellowish basal bands and very narrow apical ones on the posterior three segments, merging into brown. “@. Head brown; occiput covered with pale yellow scales extending forward between the eyes; palpi dark brown, four- jointed, apical segment small and rounded ; proboscis pale brown with dark brown scales scattered over the surface, apex darker than rest ; antennae brown, testaceous at base. Thorax covered with a mixture of pale yellow and brown scales at the sides, and with a median stripe composed wholly of brown scales, the pale scales of the sides sometimes forming a narrow border to this brown stripe; pleura brown, with patches of dull white scales. Femora yellowish beneath and at extreme apex on upper side, remainder covered with mixed black and white scales ; tibiae and second tarsal segments blackish brown, sprinkled with whitish scales, all other tarsal segments black. Fore and mid tarsals narrowly ringed with white at the Genus Culicada. 331 base of the segments except the fifth one on the anterior feet ; posterior tarsals with broad basal bands of pure white. Ungues all uniserrated. Abdomen blackish-brown with pale yellowish bands at the base of the segments and extremely narrow apical ones at the Fig. 120. Culex siphonalis. Grossbeck. a, Spines of siphon ; b, spine of 8th segment ; c, siphon and anal segment ; d, labial plate ; e, antenna (Smith). base of the posterior three segments, irregularly merging into the brown, becoming diffused at the sides until, beneath, the scales are mixed together indiscriminately, the white ones pre- dominating. 6. Palpi brownish, with a pale band in the centre of the basal segment and at the two terminal ones, fan-like tufts dense, silky brown in colour. The claws of anterior tarsal joint are very stout, unequal in size, and each with a large median tooth ; those of the mid tarsal joint are unequal, the larger long and slender with a long blunt tooth one-third its length from the base, the smaller with a median tooth near the base; posterior claws equal, each with a median tooth near base. Length.--5 to 6 mm. 332 A Monograph of Culicidae. Habitat Livingston Park, New Jersey, U.S.A. (Van Dursen). Time of appearance.—May.” Observations.—The description is taken from Smith (p. 244), as this species has not been received. It is said to closely resemble Culicada cantans, but is smaller, darker in colour, and with a brown line in the centre of the mesothorax, and the abdominal bands are greyer and more diffuse. It seems to me to approach more closely C. abfitchii, Felt. It is a wood mosquito and is an early species. The adults have not been caught, all have been reared. The larva differs from C. cantans in antennal structure, and in the form and armature of the siphon. It is 9 to 11 mm. long, light grey to yellowish brown with somewhat darker thorax ; the antennae are curved, with a few short thorn- like spines and three or four regular rows of minute spines running from the base towards the apex ; lateral tuft well below the middle and consists of three or four long hairs; three irregular lengthed apical spines and an articulated process. There are 24-30 scales on comb of eighth segment, the apex long with three thick spines, and fine ones along the sides ; spines of pecten of siphon 15—22 in each row of varied form. The larvae occurred in swampy woodland with C. canadensis and a Corethra. They occur only in deep pools, and hide amongst leaves at the bottom of them, and amongst which they feed. Pupation began on May 7th; the pupal period lasting from four to five days. The winter is probably passed in the egg stage (Smith, p. 248). It is now said that this is only Felt’s C. abfitchii. 1t certainly reads very much like that species. CULICADA WATERHOUSE!. Theobald (1905). Culex waterhousei. Theobald. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 7, XVI., p. 674, Dec. (1905). Thorax black, clothed with pale golden to creamy scales. Abdomen deep brown, with pale basal bands. Palpi of male brown, with yellowish mottling in places, two basal white bands to the two apical segments, and two yellow bands towards the base. Legs deep brown, femora and tibiae mottled with yellow ; first, second and third tarsals of fore and mid legs with narrow basal white bands ; in the hind legs the white bands are broader. Genus Culicada. 333: Apical segment of ¢ claspers with spines; median processes. broadly expanded apically. Fore and mid ungues unequal, hind equal, all uniserrated. 6. Head deep brown, clothed with rather large, creamy,. curved scales, long, narrow ochreous upright forked scales in front, with rather broader and shorter ones behind, and _ flat, creamy lateral scales. Palpi, with the two long apical segments. nearly the same length, deep brown, with an irregular white scaled basal area to each, and with blackish hair-tufts ; the long — eee Se _ 7 me Fig. 121. Male genitalia of Culicada waterhousei. Theobald. antepenultimate segments with two broad, creamy scaled bands,. the two apical segments with black hair-tufts, and also black hairs on the apex of the antepenultimate. Antennae with very deep brown plume-hairs. Proboscis deep brown, unbanded. Thorax black, with rather large, curved, pale golden scales somewhat paler over the roots of the wings ; scutellum testaceous, deep brown along the border of the mid lobe, and with a deep brown patch on each side between the mid and side lobes, clothed with rather large, narrow-curved scales of similar hue to: those of the mesothorax ; posterior border-bristles dense, pale 334 A Monograph of Culicidae. golden ; pleurae deep brown, with pale creamy flat scales ; meta- notum brown. Abdomen blackish, with basal creamy bands and pale brown to dull golden hairs ; basal segment with many pale scales. Legs with the femora and tibiae mottled brown and yellow, fore and mid first tarsals with narrow basal white bands, also the next two tarsals ; in the hind legs the bands are broader and are present on all the segments ; fore and mid ungues large, unequal, both uniserrated, the hind equal and uniserrated. Wings with rather broad lateral vein-scales, especially on the branches of the second long vein ; many scales on the first long vein Taeniorhynchus-like. First sub-marginal cell considerably longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, their bases nearly level ; stem of the first sub-marginal cell nearly as long as the cell ; stem of the second posterior longer than the cell ; mid cross-vein longer than either the supernumerary or posterior cross-veins, the latter about its own length distant from the mid cross-vein. Male genitalia with the claspers long and broad, spiny towards the apex, apical segment short and thick; one side of the apex of the basal lobes armed with short hook-like spines ; a large, pineapple-shaped, densely tuberculate process from the base of each side ; the harpogones long, composed of two segments, the apical one broadly knife-shaped and curved on its inner edge. Length.—5°5 mm. Habitat.—New Forest, Brockenhurst (C. O. Waterhouse). Observations.—Described from a single ¢, easily told from all other banded legged Culicada by the strange male genitalia and the posterior uniserrate ungues. Mr. Waterhouse has found the larvae in March, so that probably the eggs are laid in mud around the pools and hatch out in the spring.* CULICADA CANTATOR. Coquillett (1903). Culex cantator. Coquillett. Canad, Entomo., p. 255, Sept. (1903); Mosq. New Jersey, pp. 231 to 239, Smith (1905). This is a very distinct species that comes in Felt’s genus Culicada. It is not in the least connected or near Culex sylvestris, Theob., as the describer says ; he separates it from Culex sylvestris, * Since this went to press some ¢?’s have been received. Genus Culicada. 335 Theob., in a totally different group by the “seventh abdominal segment (being) almost wholly yellow scaled, etc.” This mere colour variation I have even seen in sylvestris. It comes very near C. cantans, Meigen, but the narrow leg banding and ungues separate it at once. The description drawn up here is taken from specimens named and bred by Felt and Smith. ?. Head with pale creamy narrow-curved scales, golden- brown in front, flat pale lateral scales and very narrow upright brown forked scales ; palpi, antennae and proboscis deep brown. Thorax deep brown with very small rich reddish-brown narrow- Fig. 122. Culicada cantator. Coquillett. a, labial plate of larva; b, terminal segments and siphon ; c, antenna; d, scale from 8th segment ; e, siphon spines (after Smith). curved scales, becoming paler around the bare space in front of the scutellum and on the latter. Abdomen deep brown with basal dull yellowish bands which spread out laterally and also pass as a narrow band into the apex of the preceding segment; basal segment pale scaled ; border- bristles dull golden. Legs mottled brown and yellow, with narrow basal pale bands, which are scarcely apparent on the last tarsals ; fore and mid ungues uniserrate, hind simple. dé. Inthe ¢ the palpi brownish-black, with traces of pale bands, and brown hair-tufts. 336 A Monograph of Culicidae. Ungues of fore and mid legs are uniserrate, of the hind simple. Length—@?,7mm.; ¢,6°5to7 mm. Habiiat—Boston Harbour, Massachusetts ; Fort McHenry, Maryland; Maine; New York Harbour; Fort Harrison, Mon- tana; New Jersey (Mr. Coquillett, Miss Ludlow, Prof. J. B. Smith, and Prof. E. P. Felt) ; Connecticut (H. L. Viereck). Observations on habits and life-history, etc—The habits of the adult and larval characters are mainly taken from the writings of Prof. J. B. Smith and Prof. E. P. Felt, who have so kindly helped me with specimens. This distinct species was not recognised by American observers until 1903, but seems to have been confused with Culicada cantans, Meigen, and Culex sylvestris, Theobald. Smith showed that it was a distinct species, and then Coquillett described it. Smith observed larvae as early as March 23rd, and adults began to issue in the early days of April, but it was not until the end of the month and early May that the bulk appeared and migration was in full force. Both sexes fly together for some distance. The ¢’s are seen for a day or two only, but they arrive with the ?’s, and can stand a flight of several miles. They seem in New Jersey to be mainly marsh and littoral breeders. | They enter houses freely when kept open, and are attracted by light and the human odour. They are most persistent biters. The bite is more lasting in effects than that of G. sollicitans. Although essentially an evening mosquito, it will bite readily during the day when opportunity offers, like the European and American C. cantans of Meigen. The larva varies from 7-9 mm. in length, and is yellowish grey in colour when mature, almost white when young; the head being paler than the rest of the body, spotting on head very distinctive ; antennae short, with a single, very perceptible curve, dark brown, paler at the base, sparsely set with short stout spines, a lateral tuft of 8 to 10 hairs a little below the middle ; at the apex a long and short spine, two bristles and a very small segment; labial plate with 9-10 teeth on each side of the apex. Scales on eighth segment 30-40, of form shown in figure ; pecten of siphon with barbed spines, 16 to 22 in each row; anal gills vary in length, being short to long, usually the latter. Genus Culicada. 337 The eggs are laid just as in sollicitans, but they are larger. Larvae occur in both salt and fresh water, but the latter is preferred. CULICADA NIPPONII. nN. Sp. Head and thorax deep brown, clothed with golden scales, proboscis with scattered golden scales, with black apex, palpi mottled. Abdomen deep brown with basal pale bands forming lateral patches on the fourth to sixth segments, the latter with apical yellow scales and most of the segments with median grey scales, scarcely, however, forming a median line. Legs deep brown with narrow basal pale bands. Wings with yellowish brown scales. 2. Head deep brown with narrow-curved pale golden scales and very thin pale brown upright forked scales, not much expanded apically, lateral spatulate scales creamy white ; golden chaetae between the eyes; black on remainder of head ; palpi testaceous with brown scales, densest near the apex, which has white scales ; antennae deep brown, basal segment and base of the second segment bright orange brown, with some small pale scales ; proboscis with golden and brown scales, the former most prevalent, except at the apex, where the proboscis is deep black. Thorax deep brown, clothed evenly with small narrow-curved golden scales and with golden-brown and brown chaetae ; scutellum with narrow-curved pale golden scales and golden-brown border- bristles ; metanotum rich brown; pleurae slate and grey and brown with some pale scales. Abdomen with the basal segment testaceous, with a median patch of creamy scales and rather short pale golden hairs ; the second and third segments with basal uniform creamy bands ; on the fourth, fifth and sixth the bands spread out laterally, forming marked lateral areas ; the sixth and seventh have yellow apical scales, and the second to the fifth have median pale scales which form a broken median line; venter pale scaled. Legs yellowish-brown, clothed with scattered brown and yellow scales on femora and tibiae, so that they appear mottled ; the first and other tarsals darker brown, a narrow pale basal band to the second two fore and mid tarsals, to all the hind tarsals ; there is a pale knee spot to all the legs; fore and mid ungues equal, large, both uniserrate, hind equal and simple. Wings with brown scales, a few pale ones on the basal area in the costal region ; fork-cells rather short, the first sub-marginal VOL. IV. Z 338 A Monograph of Culicidae. cell longer and a little narrower than the second posterior, its base slightly nearer the base of the wing, its stem more than one-third the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior cell re terre mere % Pe ei “a, + iy an ie a ile 2 ee iy 4 . > Fig. 123. Wing of Culicada nippontt. 9. n. sp. as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein about the same length as the mid, not quite its own length distant from it, sloping backwards. Halteres ochreous. Length.—6 mm. Habitat.—Karnizana, Japan (Mr. Cornford). Time of capture—August 26th. Observations.—Described from a perfect 9. It is a very beautiful species with golden scaled head and thorax. The head scales do not seem quite so large as is usual in Culicada, but it approaches so closely in all other respects, and in general appearance that it undoubtedly belongs to it. The abdominal markings are very characteristic in the type, but as there are traces of a few scattered pale scales on the dark areas it is possible that it is subject to some variation. CULICADA MINUTA. Ni. Sp. Head brown and golden brown ; proboscis deep brown apically, paler basally. Thorax tessellated with rich golden and brown scales. Abdomen deep blackish brown with broad basal white bands. Legs brown with narrow basal yellowish bands. Wings with short fork-cells. 9. Head brown with large creamy to pale golden curved scales, large dark upright forked scales and flat creamy lateral ones with a small dark patch near the eye border on each side. Palpi with deep blackish brown scales, a few white ones at the apex ; proboscis deep brown at the apex, paler, almost ochreous Genus Culicada. 339 basally ; antennae brown, the basal segments paler in colour, the second and third thick and short. 7 Thorax clothed with golden and golden brown scales, giving it a tessellated appearance ; scales somewhat paler in front of the scutellum ; chaetae dense and deep rich brown ; scutellum paler than the mesonotum, with narrow- curved pale creamy scales and eight deep brown border-bristles to the mid love ; metanotum brown. Abdomen deep brown, the second to sixth segments with broad basal white bands, the sixth with a band of yellow scales apically, and the seventh with many yellow scales over its surface ; basal segment with two patches of white scales ; border-bristles pale golden; genital lobes deep black ; venter mainly white scaled. Legs brown with ochreous reflections ; on the Fig. 124. fore legs the tibiae have small apical and basal Cvlicada minuta. . n. sp. (Base of pale areas, and there are traces of pale tarsal antenna, ) banding ; in the mid the tibiae, first and next two tarsals have narrow basal yellowish bands, and on the hind legs the banding occurs at all the joints, but is narrow ; fore and mid ungues equal and uniserrate ; hind equal and simple. Wings with the fork-cells short, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, their bases nearly level, stem of the former nearly as long as the cell, of the latter the same length as the cell ; posterior cross-vein about one and one- fourth its own length distant from the mid; lateral vein-scales long and thin. Halteres pale ochreous brown. Length.—4 mm. Habitat.—India (Dr. Christophers). Observations.—Described from a perfect 9. It at first sight looks like a small Grabhamia, but an examination of the wings at once disproves that. It can be told from all other Culicines by the abdominal ornamentation, taken in conjunction with the adornment of the thorax. The antennae present a rather peculiar structure, the two first segments of the flagellum being very short and thick, and the lateral vein scales are somewhat longer and narrower than in the typical Culicada, but it approaches that genus so closely I have not excluded it. Ne 340 A Monograph of Culicidae. CULICADA ONONDAGENSIS. Felt (1904). Culex onondagensis. Felt. Bull. 79, Ent. 22, N. York St. Mus., p. 304, Pl. V., fig. 2, and Pl. 17, fig. 3 (1904), Felt. Head with yellowish and silvery scales. Thorax with golden yellow scales, grey posteriorly. Abdomen dark brown with broad median and lateral stripes of silvery grey, basal pale bands, apex mostly silvery white. Legs with speckled femora and tibiae, legs with apical banding, fifth of hind pair white. Wings with mottled scales. The following is Felt’s original description :— “ Antennae dark brown, sparsely clothed with fine whitish hairs, with sparse basal whorls of dark brown hairs on the segments, basal one brown, clothed internally with yellowish scales. Palpi short, dark brown, with a few silvery white scales towards the apex. Apical portion of proboscis dark brown, basal part lighter with a few whitish scales. Occiput rather thickly clothed with yellowish and silvery scales, with a few black ones interspersed. Prothorax ornamented with a thick covering of golden yellowish scales, becoming greyish posteriorly. Scutellum similarly clothed and with no long setae. WHalteres capitate, basal and apical portions fuscous. Pleura brownish, clothed with rather thick irregular patches of whitish scales. Abdomen dark brown, with a distinct broad median and somewhat broken lateral stripes of silvery grey scales slightly tinged with yellow. Basal bands of first and second abdominal segments somewhat indistinct, those of the third and fourth well marked, the dorsum of the remaining segments nearly covered with silvery white scales. Ventral surface sparsely covered with silvery grey and yellowish scales. Femora and tibiae mostly yellowish with somewhat brown scales, which are flecked where thick with white. Fore and mid tarsi brown with apical white rings, hind tarsi with the apex and the extremities of the segments distinctly ringed, except the distal of the fourth, fifth snow white. Claws unidentate. Wings hyaline, clothed with intermixed brown, straw yellow and colourless scales, the narrow long ones mostly trans- parent. Petioles of the first and second fork-cells about three-fourths the length of their respective cells. “ Habitat.—Lake Onondaga, Syracuse, U.S.A. “ Time of capture.—September (19th).” Observations.—This is evidently a very distinct species which Felt now places in his genus Culicada. Genus Culicada. 34] CULICADA CANADENSIS. Theobald (1901). Culex canadensis. Theobald (1901). Mono. Culicid. IT., p. 3 (1901), Theobald; Bull. 79, Ent. 22, p. 303, N. Y. St. Mus. (1904), Felt ; Mosq. N. Jersey, p. 265 (1904), Smith. Numerous notes have been made on this species by American observers. Additional localities.—Albany and Poughkeepsie, New York State (E. P. Felt); New Jersey (J. B. Smith) ; Canton Harbour, New Hampshire and British Columbia (Dr. Dyar); Fort Logan, Arkansas ; Fort Snelling, Minnesota ; Fort McKinley, Montana ; Westlawn, Cem. Okla (Miss Ludlow); Connecticut (H. L. Viereck). Larva of Culex canadensis. 'Theob. Length 7-8 mm. ; dirty slate colour, head black. Up to time when two-thirds grown there is usually a pale band or neck giving a very characteristic appearance. Antenna slender, short, pale brown, with short stout spines and with more numerous very small ones; lateral tuft of 6 to 10 hairs situated well below middle; apex with a long and short spine, two bristles and a small joint; mentum triangular with 12 to 14 teeth on each side of apex. Comb of eighth segment of 25 to 50 elongated fringed scales, 40 being the average arranged as shown in Smith’s figure. Pecten of siphon with two series of toothed spines ranging from 16 to 24, 18 being the average; anal gills moderately long. Observations.— Culex canadensis is the earliest and latest of the species that winter in the egg stage, earliest as both larve and adults, latest as to larve only. The latter do not seem to be affected by cold, for Professor J. B. Smith records their being found in February in pools covered with ice, and water tem- perature of 36° F. The same observer found the ova in bottom mud from various pools. The adults appear in April and are found as late as September in New Jersey. Professor E. P. Felt says they appear in early May about Albany. The eggs are black, spindle-shaped and smooth. They may be laid on the water and then sink to the bottom, or they may be laid on mud. Dyar states that the eggs are laid singly, non-adherent, fusiform, with ends rounded, black. According to Felt (p. 304) the larve seem to hibernate in New York State, for he found them of large size when they first appear in the spring. 342 A Monograph of Culreidae. The chief breeding places are woodland pools and larger bodies of water, especially in clean water. The larve have been a Fig. 125. Culicada canadensis. Theobald. a, Seales of siphon comb ; b, siphon and anal segment ; c, antenna ; 4d, labial plate ; e, scale of comb of 8th segment (after Smith). found associated with cantans, aurifer, melanurus, territans, reptans, serratus, trivittatus, dupreei, and squamiger. It is essentially a wood mosquito and bites hard in its natural surroundings ; it rarely approaches houses unless built in a wood, and is very rare in towns and villages. It flies in early morning and at dusk. The males live only a few days, the females several weeks. CULICADA FLUVIATILIS. Lutz (1904). Culex fluviatilis, Lutz. Mosq. do Brasil, p. 42, 72 and 77 (1904). Head brown with median pale scaled line and pale border around the eyes and at the sides; palpi and proboscis deep brown, Thorax deep brown in the middle with larger pale creamy scales at the sides ; pleurae with silvery puncta. Abdomen unbanded with basal silvery white patches. Legs brown, the anterior first and second tarsals basally white, the mid with Genus Culieada. 343 the bases and apex of the first and greater part of the second tarsals white ; hind legs as in the mid ; knee spot white. ?. Head with rather broad narrow-curved scales, deep brown except for a median line of golden ones and pale ones around the eyes with flat white ones laterally ; palpi and proboscis deep blackish brown; antennae brown, basal lobe with grey sheen on one side with black bristles ; second segment with dense black scales. Thorax deep shiny blackish brown with rich brown narrow- curved scales in the middle with broader creamy-curved scales at the sides, especially dense in front, with narrow-curved brown scales on the scutellum ; pleurae deep brown with silvery puncta ; metanotum black. Abdomen deep blackish brown with golden border-bristles with basal silvery white lateral spots. Anterior legs deep brown, a narrow white band at the base of the first and other tarsals ; mid legs with base of femora and under side white, a broad creamy white band at base and apex of the first tarsal, and a very broad basal pale band to the second tarsal ; hind legs with the femora white on basal half and with a white apex, banding similar to the mid legs but not so wide and whiter; fore and mid ungues equal and uniserrate, hind equal and simple. Wings with dense brown vein scales, the first sub-marginal cell considerably longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem about one- Fig. 126. Wing of Culicada fluviatilis. 9. Lutz. fourth the length of the cell, stem of the broad second posterior cell about two-thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein about one and a third times its own length distant from the mid. Length.—4 to 5°5 mm. 344 A Monograph of Culicidae. Habitat.—Sao Paulo, Brazil (Dr. A. Lutz). Time of capture.—April. _ Observations.—Redescribed from specimens given me by Dr Lutz. It is a very marked species which undoubtedly comes in the genus Culicada, the broad curved head scales and the dense linear wing scales and palpi of the 9 agree with Felt’s type of this genus. It is a very marked species easily told by the broad band on the mid and hind legs involving both sides of the ‘metatarsi and tarsi, broader on the mid than hind legs. CULICADA LUTESCENS. Fabricius (1775). Culex lutescens. Fabr. (1775). Culex flavescens. Villers (1789) (non Theobald). Culex flavescens. Fabr. (1805). Systema entomo., etc., Flensburgi et Lipsiae (1775), et Ent. Syst. Hafniae (1792-94), Fabricius; Hx. Faun. Fridr. (1789), Villers; Syst. Antl. (1805) (= flavescens), Fabricius; Rev. Sist. Del. Culicidae Europee, p. 267 (1896), Ficalbi; Syst. Berch. Kurop. Zweifliig. Inst. I., p. 8 (1818), Meigen; Syst. Nat. V. 2888, 9, Gimmerthal; Ins, Brit. Dipt. III., 248 (1856), Walker; Faun. Austr. Die Fliegen I., Schiner; Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. III., p. 91 (1905), Theobald. Head clothed with pale yellowish scales, palpi and proboscis black. Thorax clothed with dull pale yellow scales, having a slightly reddish brown hue in the middle; in certain lights the scales on the mid line seem paler, then showing two dark (reddish brown) lines ; pleurae pale scaled. Abdomen covered with pale yellowish scales. Legs with most of femora yellowish, remainder black. 2. Head deep brown clothed with large pale creamy yellow narrow-curved scales in front and with dense yellow upright forked ones behind ; palpi, clypeus and proboscis black ; antennae deep brown, the basal and second segments with creamy scales, those on the basal segment forming a distinct pale spot. Thorax deep brown, clothed with rather large pale yellow narrow-curved scales at the sides, front and behind, with thinner and more closely set reddish ones ‘in the middle, the darker area having a median line of pale yellow scales, easily seen under the two-third power, but not otherwise, the thorax thus looks when held in certain lights as if it had two rather darker broad median areas. Scutellum deep brown with large narrow-curved pale yellow scales, border-bristles and also those on the mesothorax Genus Culrcada. 345 golden-brown ; metanotum deep brown ; pleurae deep brown with flat creamy white scales, also the prothoracic lobes. Abdomen deep brown clothed with flat yellow scales, a few dusky ones in the middle of each segment ; basal segment with creamy white scales, apical segments paler than the preceding ones ; border-bristles pale golden-yellow ; venter densely clothed with pale creamy scales. Legs unbanded, coxae brown with pale scales; femora yellowish, dark towards the apex, tip white ; tibiae with scattered pale and dark scales above, pale yellow and white scales below ; first tarsals black above, dull yellowish below; other tarsals black ; ungues all equal, large, black and uniserrated. Wings with the veins yellowish or brown according to the light ; costa dark ; base of wings yellowish ; fork-cells short, first sub-marginal much narrower and a little longer than the second posterior cell, its base slightly nearer the apex of the wing, its stem nearly as long as the cell; stem of the second posterior as long as the cell; posterior cross-vein longer than the mid, not quite its own length distant from it. Halteres yellowish, the knob darker and clothed with grey scales. Length.—6 mm. Time of capture.—April (29th). Habitat.— Budapest, Hungary (Kertész). Observations.—Redescribed from a perfect 9. I see no reason to doubt that this is Fabricius’ species—it answers to his short description and is the only European species I have seen that does so. Culex bicolor, Meigen, can at once be told from it by the pipiens-like venation and the simpler thorax and simple ungues. Culex flavescens, Theobald, comes very near this insect but has banded tarsi. CuLicaDA QuasimopESTA. Theobald (1905). Culex quasimodestus. Theobald (1905). Ann, Mus. Nat. Hung. III., p. 88 (1905). Head brown with golden narrow-curved scales ; palpi brown ; proboscis dull yellowish brown basally, deep brown apically. Thorax deep brown with dull golden-brown narrow-curved scales showing some ornamentation. Abdomen deep brown with 346 A Monograph of Culicidae. scattered ochreous scales, most dense on the apical segments. Legs deep brown, unbanded, deep ochreous at the base. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell considerably longer than the second posterior cell, its stem very short. 2. Head deep brown, with narrow-curved golden scales and with thin upright deep brown forked scales. Palpi deep brown ; proboscis deep brown at the apex with the basal half dull yellowish-brown to ochreous ; antennae black, basal segment deep testaceous. | Thorax deep brown with narrow-curved deep golden-brown scales, with two oblong areas just in front of the roots of the wings darker than the rest, with very small narrow-curved scales, the scales in front of it somewhat paler than the rest, those in front of the scutellum also somewhat paler ; scutellum testaceous with narrow-curved pale scales and deep brown border-bristles ; metanotum bright brown ; pleurae deep brown with some pale scaled areas. Abdomen black with blackish-brown scales and with yellow scaled basal bands on the second to fifth segments, the following with scattered yellow scales all over them; venter black with scattered yellow scales all over it. Legs uniformly deep brown with a pale spot, almost white at the junction of the femora and tibiae ; the coxae deep testaceous ; fore, mid and hind ungues equal and simple. Wings with the first submarginal cell very much longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior cell, its stem nearly one-fifth the length of the cell; its base much nearer the base of. the wing than that of the second posterior cell; stem of the second posterior cell rather more than half the length of the cell ; posterior cross-vein about one and a half times its own length distant from the mid. Halteres pale ochreous. Length.—4°8 mm. Habitat.—Sfax, Tunis (M. Bird). Observations.—Described from a single 9. It comes very near Culex bicolor, Meigen, but is smaller and the whole abdomen is not densely ochreous scaled. It also answers to Ficalbi’s description of his Culea modestus, but does not agree with the specimens described as modestus by Kertész, and which also agree with Ficalbi’s description. It differs from the latter in its darker thorax and basal yellow abdominal banding and ochreous scaled apex and also in the fork-cells. ‘The first sub-marginal cell Genus Culicada. 347 being very long as in @. bicolor. It might even be a small variety of the latter. CULICADA BICOLOR. Meigen (1818). Culex bicolor. Meigen. Syst. Beschr. I., p. 9 (1818), Meigen; Zool. Journ. I. (1825), Stephens ; Syst. Cat. Brit. Ins. II., p. 232 (1829), Stephens; Mém. d. 1. Soc. @’hist. nat. de Paris ITI., p. 409, 29 (1827), Rob.-Desvoidy; Bull. Soc. imp. d. nat. d. Moscou (1845), Gimmerthal; Fau. Aust. Die Fliegen, p. 627 (1864), Schiner ; Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. IIT., p. 90 (1905), Theobald ;. Les Moust., p. 372 (1905), Blanchard. Head brown with narrow-curved pale golden-yellow scales, ochreous and black upright forked ones. Thorax brown with golden narrow-curved scales, with traces of darker longitudinal lines. Abdomen scaled with dull yellow scales all over. Femora and tibiae with dull yellowish reflections, tarsi dark brown. @. Head brown with scattered pale golden narrow-curved scales, with ochreous upright forked scales centrally, black towards the sides, lateral areas clothed with pale creamy flat scales ; palpi brown clothed with dark and pale creamy scales, the latter predominating, bristles black; proboscis ochreous, darker towards the apex; antennae deep brown, basal segment testaceous, also the clypeus. Thorax greyish-brown with darker longitudinal lines, clothed with narrow-curved pale golden scales and with dark brown bristles; scutellum pale testaceous with narrow-curved dull golden scales and brown border-bristles nine to the mid lobe ; metanotum bright chestnut brown; pleurae yellowish with some pale scaled areas. Abdomen black more or less completely clothed with dusky yellow scales, but on the fourth segment the scales are somewhat darker in two areas giving a bi-spotted appearance (not seen in all lights) ; posterior border-bristles and lateral hairs pale golden ; venter similarly coloured. Legs with the coxae, femora and tibiae of a dull ochreous hue, the tibiae darker (almost brown in some lights) than the two former, all the tarsals dark brown; ungues all equal and simple. Wings with typical Culex-scales, the first sub-marginal much longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior cell, its base much the nearer to the base of the wing its stem about one 348 A Monograph of Culicidae. fourth the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior about half the length of the cell ; supernumerary and mid-cross veins not closely united, the posterior nearly twice its own length distant from the mid; third vein and lower branch of the fifth vein darker scaled than the rest. Halteres pale ochreous. Length.—6 mm. (specimen swollen with blood and contracted). Meigen gives 7-8 mm. Habitat.—Sfax, Tunis (Bird); also recorded from Austria (Schiner) ; Russia (Gimmerthal) ; England (Stephens). Observations.— Redescribed from a_ perfect female in the collection of the National Museum at Budapest. I do not think there is any doubt that this is Meigen’s species in spite of his curt and obscure description, but all of his few characters agree, granted the mesothorax of his specimen was rubbed. I had not previously seen anything that would answer to this species, all specimens so named being only worn Culex pipiens, L. CULICADA BUPENGARYENSIS. Theobald (1905). Journ. Hcon. Biol. Vol. I., No. 1, p. 27 (1905). Head deep brown with dull golden scales, palpi and proboscis deep brown, basal segments of antennae bright ferruginous. Thorax deep brownish-black, clothed with bright golden scales, with two median parallel bare lines. Abdomen deep brown with violet reflections, unbanded, but with basal lateral creamy-white spots. Legs deep brown, unbanded, base and under side of femora pale reddish-brown. Wings with short fork-cells. @. Head deep brown, clothed with long narrow-curved pale golden scales and flat yellowish ones laterally, the upright forked scales ochreous; palpi and proboscis brown; clypeus bright brown, with a median sulcus and a blunt process on each side towards the base: the palpi are clothed with almost black scales and bristles, the apical segment minute, the penultimate long. Antennae brown, basal segments bright testaceous. Eyes black and silvery. Thorax deep brownish-black, clothed with irregularly disposed golden narrow-curved scales except on two median parallel lines, which show as two dark lines on the golden-scaled mesonotum, and which are ornamented with narrow-curved bronzy-black scales, a few of these also occur over the roots of the wings; bristles partly black, partly golden. Scutellum ochreous brown, with pale golden narrow-curved scales, the mid lobe with deep Genus Culicada. 349 brown and golden border-bristles, the lateral with deep brown ones only ; metanotum brown and testaceous ; pleurae testaceous and brown, with flat creamy scales. Abdomen deep brown in some lights, with violet reflections in others, the segments with basal lateral creamy patches, tiie ay ae as Sen aS = } Se d, ) vee ee = Si. ra ee 2 & a as za \e ) Culicada bupengaryensis. Theo. 1. Male; 2. Female ungues. a, b, and c, fore, mid and hind claws. basal segment testaceous with two patches of dark scales ; posterior border-bristles bright reddish-brown. Venter with yellowish basal bands. Legs brown, with metallic violet and coppery hues, bie and under side of femora ochreous; fore and mid ungues equal, uniserrated, thick, hind equal and simple, straighter than the others. Wings with short fork-cells, first sub-marginal a little longer Fig. 128. Wing of Culicada bupengaryensis. 9. Theobald. and narrower than the second posterior, their bases nearly level, its stem not quite so long as the cell, stem of the second posterior 350 A Monograph of Culicidae. as long as the cell, posterior cross-vein about its own length distant from the mid, which is longer than the posterior ; scales brown. Halteres with pale stem, fuscous knob with creamy scales. Length.—5°2 to 5°5 mm. 6. fPalpi deep brown, hair-tufts deep brown; antennae with deep brown plume-hairs. Head and thorax as in the female ; pro-thoracic lobes prominent. Abdomen as in the female, but the basal parts of the segments are unscaled and testaceous, giving a broadly banded appearance. The first sub- marginal cell is only about half the width of the second posterior Fig. 129. Culicada bupengaryensis. Theobald. A, Male genitalia ; B, female palp. cell and about the same length, its stem the same length as the cell, whilst that of the second posterior is shorter. Ungues of fore legs curved, unequal, the larger uniserrated, the smaller simple ; in the mid more unequal than the fore, the smaller curved and uniserrated, the larger simple, bent close to the base, then nearly straight ; hind pair equal, simple, small and nearly straight, acuminate. Male genitalia with prominent claspers. Length.—5 to 5°5 mm. Habitat.—Bupengary, South Queensland (Dr. Bancroft). Time of capture.—November. © Observations.— Described from a series of males and females collected by Dr. Bancroft. No other known Australian species has a similar abdomen. It cannot be confused with any other Genus Culicada. 351 species. The male ungues are very marked. It clearly comes in Felt’s new genus Culicada. CULICADA AURIFER. Coquillett (1903). —Culiselsa aurifer. Coquillett. Culex aurifer. Coquillett. Canad. Entomo. XXXYV., p. 255 (1903), Coquillett (Culex aurifer); Mosq. N. Jersey, p. 298 (1904), Smith; Bull. 79, Ent. 22, N. Y. St. Mus., p. 336 (1904), Felt (Culiselsa aurvfer). _ Head deep brown with golden scales, especially in the middle ; proboscis deep brown unbanded. Thorax deep brown in the middle with a broad golden scaled line on each side and traces of two thin golden scaled lines on the brown area _ behind. Abdomen deep brown, yellow, with large basal lateral creamy spots which may spread out into bands. Legs deep brown unbanded. | 9. Head deep brown, clothed with narrow-curved brown scales except in the middle where they are golden-yellow, flat lateral scales golden, then black ; golden bristles project between the eyes, dark ones at the sides and there are many dark upright forked scales ; clypeus, palpi and proboscis deep brown ; antennae deep brown, basal segment deep brown with a few pale hairs, base of second segment bright testaceous. Thorax black clothed with narrow-curved scales of a rich bronzy-brown in the middle, golden-yellow at the sides, forming two prominent broad lateral lines; there are traces of two narrow golden scaled lines on the dark area behind and many golden scales in front of the scutellum, also traces of the two narrow lines seen in front, bristles brown and golden-yellow ; scutellum brown with narrow-curved golden scales and brown border-bristles ; metanotum deep brown; pleurae deep brown with patches of dense flat creamy white scales and small pale golden hairs. Abdomen deep brown with violet reflections, basal creamy yellow lateral spots which often spread across the whole width of the segments ; venter creamy white. Legs deep brown, unbanded, femora pale above and below, a few dark scales scattered about above, a small dark area near apex, extreme apex creamy white ; ungues equal, all uniserrated. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell considerably longer and a little narrower than the second posterior cell, their bases 352 A Monograph of Culicidae. nearly level ; stem of the first sub-marginal rather more than one-third the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior Fig. 130. Wing of Culicada aurifer. @. Coquillett. about two-thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein longer than the mid, not quite it own length distant from it. Halteres pale with pale creamy scales. | Length.—5°5 to 6 mm. ' Habitat.—New Jersey, U.8.A. (J. B. Smith) ; New Hampshire (D. W. Coguillett); Elizabethtown, N.Y. (E. P. Felt) ; Connecticut (H. L. Viereck). Observations.—I have redescribed this from specimens sent me by Professor J. B. Smith from Lahaway, N. Jersey. It is quite distinct and comes in Felt’s genus Culicada. Coquillett described it from New Hampshire. It is a most bloodthirsty species. It never occurs far from its breeding places, and does not enter habitations. It flies some distance by night, and will attack man during the day if he enters its haunts. The earliest date of appearance is given by Smith as April 23rd, the latest for larvae May 10th, and the adults came out on May 13th. They occurred as adults as late as July 24th. | The larvae have been carefully observed by Brakeley and recorded by Smith. They are usually associated with Culex canadensis. He found the first larvae March 23rd in large bodies of water covering the bogs, and in reservoirs and pools. They favour tufts of grass, rushes or vines several feet from shore. The pupa has white air tubes. The eggs are probably laid in the mud. They were present in a cranberry bog which was dry during the summer of 1902, and till so late in the fall that all mosquito life had gone into hibernation or disappeared. The larvae being found so early led Professor Smith to assume that they hibernate as eggs. Genus Culicada. ; 353 The larva varies from } to 2 of an inch long, and is brownish- black in colour. Antennae white, tipped with black, almost half as long as the head, thickest near the base and tapering slightly to about the middle, then curved inwards to a blunt point ; a tuft of 6 to 10 hairs just beyond the middle. Comb consists. of patches of 25 to 30 spatulate spine-tipped scales bearing fine Fig. 131. Culicada aurifer. Coquillett. a, Antenna ; b, terminal segments and siphon ; ¢c, spines of pecten ; d, labial plate ; e, spine of comb (after Smith). setae. Pecten of air tube consisting of 14 to 20 small slender spines with two to five serrations near their bases, Felt places it in his genus Culicelsa, but it is clearly quite distinct from the type of that genus (taeniorhynchus, Wied.), and on the other hand is closely related in all characters to cantans, Mg., and certainly comes in the genus Culicada. CULICADA PRETANS. Grossbeck (1904). Culex pretans. Grossbeck. Ento. News, p. 332, Dec. (1904) ; Mosq. N. Jersey, p. 291 (1904), Smith. Head brown with pale creamy scales ; proboscis and palpi dark brown. Thorax ornamented with bright rich brown and VOL. IV. 2A 354 A Monograph of Culieidae. creamy scales, the first forming a broad nearly parallel-sided median area, two small lateral patches in front, which, however, are really covered with pale scales, but appear as dark areas, and two long lateral ones behind, the creamy scales on two very thin lines between the latter and the median area. Abdomen deep blackish-brown with narrow basal white bands, spreading out laterally, especially on the apical segments. Legs deep brown, unbanded, but with pale reflections. 2. Head deep brown with dense rather large pale creamy to ochreous narrow-curved scales and pale creamy upright forked scales, flat lateral creamy scales with a central dark patch ; clypeus and proboscis deep blackish-brown ; palpi deep blackish- brown with dense scales and a few black bristles ; antennae deep brown, basal segment partly testaceous, dark on inner side, base of second segment bright testaceous; chaetae of head black, except for a few bright ones between the eyes. Thorax deep black ornamented with rich brown and creamy scales as follows: a broad median stripe of rich brown narrow- curved backwardly projecting scales, a rather long similar coloured patch on each side behind, running from about the middle of the mesonotum past the wings, these are separated from the median area by a very narrow line of creamy scales, rest of mesonotum with rather larger and thicker creamy scales, which in front on each side of the broad brown stripe are rather more scanty in the middle, giving the appearance of two darker areas, which are more pronounced under a hand lens than under the two-thirds power ; the pale scales run around the brown area in front of the mesothorax, and there are also rather large narrow- curved creamy scales in front of the scutellum ; chaetae brown, a tuft of shorter creamy ones before the root of each wing ; scutellum deep brown with rather large narrow-curved creamy scales and golden-brown to black border-bristles ; metanotum deep brown ; pleurae black with patches of flat silvery white scales with rounded apices and short pale golden hairs. Abdomen deep brown with violet reflections, the segments with basal white bands which spread out laterally, the apical segment having the white scales completely surrounding it ; first segment with two patches of dark scales and white lateral ones, and pallid thin hairs; border-bristles very pale almost white ; venter mostly white scaled. Legs deep brown, unbanded, under part of femora, tibia and first tarsal segment white, base of femora pale, and knee spot Genus Culicada. — 355 white, there are also scattered white scales over the upper surface of femora ; ungues all equal and uniserrated. Wings with rather short fork-cells ; the scales brown, rather dense ; first sub-marginal cell longer and a little narrower than the second posterior cell, their bases nearly level; stem of the first sub-marginal slightly more than half the length of the cell ; Fig. 132. Wing of Culicada pretans. 92. Grossbeck. stem of the second posterior cell about three-fourths the length of the cell ; posterior cross-vein about the same length as the mid, and a little more than its own length distant from it ; halteres pale brown and yellowish with creamy scales. Length.—)5 mm. 3. In the male there is a trace of a narrow indistinct line of pale scales in the middle of the mesothorax. Palpi deep blackish-brown, last two segments enlarged, with dense brown hair-tufts and similar coloured hairs at the apex of the ante- penultimate segment; antennae with dense deep brown plume hairs with flaxen reflections. Fore and mid ungues unequal, the larger fore ungues biserrate, the smaller uniserrate; mid ungues unequal, but not so much so as the fore, the smaller uniserrate, the larger with one large tooth, and traces of a smaller basal one; hind ungues equal and uniserrate. Claspers long and curved, flattened, apical segment long, dark brown, with a small spine at the base ; harpogones expanded at the apex, chopper shaped ; two median short, dark, thick curved hooks. Wings with the fork-cells short, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its apex nearer the base of the wing, its stem nearly as long as the cell, stem of the second posterior longer than the cell ; posterior cross-vein not as long as the mid, its own length distant from it. The apical segment of palp shorter than the penultimate and_ slightly narrower, apex of the ante-penultimate swollen with a tuft of chaetae, one side arising from well-marked tubercles, the long | 2A 2 356 A Monograph of Culicidae. ante-penultimate segment notched on the basal half, and some what bent there, the notch almost extending across the segment to form a joint. : Length.—5 mm. Habitat.—Great Piece Meadow, Trenton, Lake Hopatcong, in New Jersey (J. B. Smith); Hartford, Connecticut (H. L. Viereck) ; Alaska (Miss Ludlow). Time of appearance.—May, July, September (J. B. Smith). Observations.—Re-described from specimens sent me by Professor J. B. Smith. It is a woodland insect; bites, but not severely, causing no unusual pain or swelling. Little is known of the bionomics of this species. The larva figured by Smith is not known to be definitely of this species, but “I have no doubt of the correctness,” writes Professor Smith. It is said to occur in millions at Hartford, and is trouble- some, spreading from the woodland pools to the city. This larva measures 5:°5—6 mm. long ; pale grey to dark grey in colour, head yellowish with a large brown blotch ; antennae ne 4 c Fig. 133. Culicada pretans. Grossbeck. a, Labial plate ; b, siphon and apical segments ; c, scale of comb ; d, scales of pecten ; e, antenna (after Smith), C rather short and curved, surface with a few stout spines, and some rows of much smaller ones ; lateral tuft of 8-10 hairs situated ——— EE ——————————— = —_ a cr = an ee = ea eae a Genus Culicada. 357 well below the middle, apex with one long and some smaller spines, and an articulating segment; labial plate triangular, 15-17 teeth on each side of the apex ; lateral combs on eighth segment large, 25-30 scales in each, each scale elongated, with moderate terminal spine and smaller lateral ones; pecten of siphon composed of 16—20 spines in each row, each spine with one or two teeth near the base (J. B. Smith). The pale scales at the sides of the mesothorax of the adult vary, in some they are of a more golden than creamy colour: this is especially noticeable in a specimen examined from Alaska. The thoracic adornment at once separates it from others of this genus. CULICADA TRICHURA. Dyar (1904). Culex trichurus. Dyar. N.Y. Ent. Soc. Journ. 12, p. 169 (1904), Dyar. Head brown with silvery-grey scales; proboscis and palpi deep brown ; thorax brown with golden-brown scales in the middle, silvery-grey at the sides forming two rather obscure lateral lines. Abdomen deep brown, basally banded white. Legs deep brown, unbanded, femora speckled with yellow and pale ventrally, and at the base. Fork-cells of wings very short. Q. Head deep brown with rather dense, large narrow- curved silvery-grey scales, a few ochreous upright forked scales in the middle, and dark ones at the sides; lateral scales spatulate, grey ; proboscis and palpi deep blackish-brown ; antennae very dark, basal segment deep testaceous with a few pale scales. Thorax deep brown, with scattered rather irregular golden brown scales in the middle, rather broader silvery-grey ones at the sides, forming broad lateral lines, and a few silvery-grey ones in front ; chaetae deep brown; scutellum brown, with large narrow-curved pale scales and brown border-bristles with a golden tinge in some lights; metanotum deep brown; pleurae deep ochreous with numerous flat white scales. Abdomen deep brown with basal white bands and pale brown border-bristles. Legs deep brown, with a violet tinge in some lights, femora mottled with yellow scales, pale at'the base and ventrally ; femora, 358 A Monograph of Culicidae. tibiae and first tarsals with stout black spines; ventral surface of first tarsals and tibiae pale yellowish; ungues all equal, large, uniserrate. Wings with the fork-cells short ; the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, its stem nearly as long as the cell, its base slightly nearer the apex of the wing than Fig. 134 Wing of Culicada trichura. @. Dyar. | that of the second posterior cell; stem of the latter nearly as long as the cell which is very broad ; posterior cross-vein about as long as the mid, less than its own length distant from it ; supernumerary and mid cross-veins meeting at an angle. Length.—6 mm. 6. Palpi deep brown, with brown plume-hairs, showing flaxen reflections ; last two segments and apex of antepenultimate swollen, the apical not quite as long as the penultimate ; antennae deep brown with deep brown plume-hairs showing flaxen hue apically. | | Wings with the first sub-marginal much longer and narrower Fig. 135. Wing of Culicada trichura. &. Dyayr. than the short broad second posterior cell, its stem nearly as long as the cell; stem of the second posterior cell slightly longer than Genus Culicada. 359 the cell; posterior cross-vein not quite its own length distant from the mid. Fore and mid ungues unequal, the larger bi- the small uniserrated ; hind equal and uniserrate. Genitalia with basal lobe of claspers very broad and ending in a broad truncated apex from which the small clasper arises at the outer corner; central processes broad and terminating in a beak-like extremity. Length.—6 mm. Habitat.—Karner and Elizabeth Town, New York (E. P. Felt). Time of appearance.—-May. Observations.—Redescribed from a series sent me by Professor Felt. It is a very distinct Culicada, the thoracic Rimentent i is different to any I have seen with unbanded legs. The male genitalia are also peculiar. a has described the early stages (N. Y. Ent. Soc. Journ. XIT., 169-171 (1904) ). CULICADA DIVERSA. Theobald (1902). Culex diversus. Theobald. Mono. Culicid. IL., p. 73 (¢) (1902); Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Se. 7, XVI, p. 675, Dee:, 3 (1905). The female only has been previously described ; the g’s have been bred by Mr. C. O. Waterhouse. 6. Palpi deep violet black, with traces of ws Yas scales at the base of the two apical segments and on the antepenultimate segment, the penultimate and apex of the antepenultimate with dense dusky hair-tufts, the apical one with scanty hairs, the two apical segments and apex of the antepenultimate slightly swollen, the last two of nearly equal length, apical segment blunt.; the hair-tuft on the apex of the antepenultimate segment. very dense. Proboscis deep brown with dull yellow scales at the base. Antennae deep brown, with deep brown plume-hairs. Thorax as in 9. Abdomen blackish with basal pale bands, moderately hairy, hairs pale. Genitalia densely hairy, hairs golden ; apical segment of claspers curved with the terminal segment long and bent at the tip, a few short spines below its junction with the larger part of the clasper, basal lobe densely hairy in places, especially on the inner side ; between the basal lobes a long dense mass of golden hairs, two long curved processes with short spines on their inner lower edge, and a curious group of flattened curved spines forming a prominent object between them and the basal lobes. 360 A Monograph of Culierdae. Legs deep blackish-brown, except the femora, which are pale beneath. Fore and mid ungues unequal, the larger biserrated, the smaller uniserrated ; hind ungues large, simple, uniserrated. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the apex of the wing, its stem a little longer than the cell; stem of the second posterior cell also longer than the cell ; posterior cross-vein about its own length distant from the mid cross-vein. Length.—5°5 to 6 mm. Additional localities.—New Forest, Brockenhurst (C. O. Water- house) ¢ type; Wye (F. V. Theobald). | Observations.—The ¢’s were bred by Mr. C. O. Waterhouse from larvae taken in pools in the New Forest. The male genitalia are very marked. CULICADA LAZARENSIS. Felt and Young (1904). Culex lazarensis. Felt and Young. Science (N. 8.), Vol. XX., No. 505, p. 312, nom. nud. (1904), Felt and Young; Bull. 79, Ent. 22, N. York St. Mus., p. 309 and 391b, App. (Calicada lazarensis) (1904), Felt. Head golden-yellow scaled. Proboscis brown, unbanded. Thorax golden-yellow scaled with two broad brown sub-median lines and a very narrow median one. Abdomen deep brown with basal white bands. Legs brown, unbanded. Wings normal, ?. Head deep brown clothed with rather broad curved golden-yellow scales above, flat golden-yellow ones laterally, golden- yellow upright forked scales in the middle, black at the sides ; palpi brown with a few scattered ochreous scales and long black bristles ; proboscis long, deep brown; antennae brown, scapus with small flat creamy scales, basal segment of flagellum testa- ceous ; clypeus black with a blunt process on each side towards the base. | Thorax deep brown clothed with golden-yellow narrow-curved scales sloping backwards with a very thin median dark line formed mainly by the median line of black chaetae, two broad dark sub-median lines clothed with dull narrow-curved scales, which are scarcely perceptible with a hand lens; lateral chaetae and those at base of wing dark brown, strong ; scutellum densely clothed with rather broad golden-yellow scales, metanotum deep brown ; pleurae pale brown with dense masses of flat grey scales. Genus Culicada. 361 -Abdomen deep brown with basal bands of creamy-white scales, golden-brown border-bristles ; venter mostly white-scaled. Legs deep brown, unbanded, femora pale yellowish at base and beneath, apex white ; a few pale sheened scales beneath the tibiae and first tarsals ; ungues all equal and uniserrate. Wings with yellowish veins and brown scales; first sub- marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its apex slightly nearer to the apex of the wing than that of the . SOA ie on : Pi te ae a ee i Ae as _ J ~ oe. Fig. 136. Wing of Culicada lazarensis. 9. Felt. second posterior cell, the stem about two-thirds the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior as long as the cell ; posterior cross-vein about its own length distant from the mid ; lateral vein scales long and thin, the median broad and long. 6. Thorax asin ?; abdomen similar but witha few yellow scattered scales on the dark area, with fine long golden hairs. Palpi with the two apical segments swollen, the penultimate longer than the apical, hair-tufts brown, a trace of a pale band at base of former. The apical segment more swollen than the penulti- mate. Antennae brown with pale bands and deep brown plume hairs. Ungues of fore legs short, thick, unequal and uniserrate ; of the mid unequal, uniserrate, the larger much longer than the smaller ; hind equal and uniserrate. Wings with first sub-marginal cell much longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its apex nearer the apex of the wing, its stem as long as the cell; stem of the second posterior longer than the broad cell ; posterior cross-vein about two-thirds its own length distant from the mid. Length.—5°5 to 6 mm. Habitat.-—Elizabethtown, New York, U.S.A., and Karner, N.Y. (E. P. Felt). 362 A Monograph of Culieidae. Time of appearance.—J une. Observations.—Re-described from a series sent me iy Professor, Felt bred from larvae taken in a deep cold mountain poolon Fig. 138. Labial plate of C. lazarensis. Felt. r) i Fig. 139, Pecten teeth of C. lazarensis (after Felt). June 9th. The larvae were also found at Karner on May 3rd. It is a very beautiful species, coming close to C. cantans, but at once told by the thoracic ornamentation. In the male the fore ungues are very short and thick. Genus Culicada. 363 Note.—Felt states that in the ¢ the outer claw of fore leg is simple ; those I examined had a tooth near base, and resemble the figure he gives showing it (Fig. 46). The larva is detailed by E. P. Felt, who kindly sent me speci- mens. The main characters are as follows :— “Larva nearly } inch long when full grown,- frequently greenish, turning to a slaty colour after death. Antennae nearly straight, tapering uniformly and with a tuft at the basal third, tip bearing one very long and two medium sized, slender processes, one shorter, much stouter, almost conical process, and a very Fig. 141. : Comb scales of C. lazarensis. Felt. Fe see (After Felt.) Siphon of larval. C.lazarensis. Felt. (After Felt.) stout knob-like remnant of a segment. Mentum triangular, with about 27 fine teeth. Comb consisting of a triangular patch of about 60 rather stout scales, each tipped with from four to seven stout equal spines. Air tube short, a little over twice as long as broad, bearing a double row of posterior pecten, each of about 20 short, thick, blunt spines, usually with two well-marked teeth at extreme base. (Felt figures more, however.—F. V. T.) Anal gills slender, acute at tip.” The larva somewhat resembles that of C. impiger, but may easily be recognised by the conspicuous triangular comb and other structural details. 364 A Monograph of Culicidae. CULICADA ABSERRATA. Felt (1904). Culex abserratus. Felt and Young. Culex punctor. Dyar and Smith (non Kirby). Science N.S. XX., 505, p. 313 (1904), nom. nud; Mosq. N. York State, Bull. 79, Ent. 22, N. Y. St. Mus., p. 329 (1904), Felt; Rept. Ent. Dep., N. Jersey, Exp. St. for 1905, p. 681 (1906) Smith; Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. VI., p. 39, and Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, XII., Dyar. Head with ochreous scales; palpi of 9 and proboscis deep brown; thorax with golden-yellow scales, traces of a narrow median dark line, a broader brownish one on each side, ornamentation very obscure. Abdomen dark brown with basal white bands, prolonged laterally on the last few apical segments. Legs brown, unbanded ; 9 ungues all uniserrated. @. Head deep brown, with rather large narrow-curved pale ochreous scales and ochreous upright forked scales ; proboscis long and thin, deep blackish-brown with violet refiections ; palpi brown, of four segments, the apical one minute, the penultimate large; antennae blackish, basal segment pale testaceous, darker on the inside with a few small flat pale scales. Thorax deep brown, clothed with thin narrow-curved golden- yellow scales, the median ones running parallel with the long axis of thorax, the lateral ones obliquely, thus giving an orna- mented appearance to the mesonotum, the median area appearing somewhat darkened, and it has a very thin median nude line ; posterior and lateral bristles pale golden ; scutellum testaceous and brown, with narrow-curved pale golden-yellow scales, border bristles bright brown ; metanotum testaceous, dark in the middle ; pleurae rich brown with small flat grey scales. Abdomen deep brown with basal white bands, which spread out laterally on the fifth, sixth and seventh segment, border- bristles pale ; venter mostly pale scaled. Legs deep brown ; femora pale grey beneath ; tibiae bristly ; ungues all equal and uniserrated, rather thick; hind tibiae slightly shorter than the femora. Wings with the fork-cells rather small, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, their bases nearly level, that of the first sub-marginal slightly nearer the base of the wing, its stem rather more than half the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior nearly as long as the cell ; posterior Genus Culicada. 365 cross-vein about its own length distant from the mid ; halteres _ with ochreous stem and grey-scaled knob. Lengih.—5 mm. g¢. Antennae and palpi black; hair-tufts of latter rich brownish-black, apical portion clavate ; fore ungues very unequal, on nee eae a aaa > | Fig. 142, Wing of Culicada abserrata. 9. Felt. both uniserrate, the larger with a bend in the middle giving a marked sinuous appearance ; the mid are also unequal, but the larger one is simply curved, both uniserrate ; the posterior pair equal and uniserrate. Genitalia has basal segment of clasp stout, irregularly curved, rounded ; apical portion nearly strap- shaped ; describing almost a semicircle and with a curved blunt spine apically; harpes long, irregularly curved, pointed. At extreme base, slightly anterior of the basal segment of the clasp, there is a pair of short fleshy organs tipped with four or five stout spines. Length.—5°5 mm. Habitat.—Elizabeth Town and Nassau, New York (E. P. Felt). Time of capture.—May and June (E. P. Felt). Observations.—Re-described from a perfect g and 9? sent me by Professor Felt. The male ungues are very marked, and do not agree with what Felt states :—‘“ Ungues of the front tarsi on male side unequal, all others and those of female side equal.” Felt seems to have described an abnormal specimen, for an hermaphrodite insect can only be looked upon as such. He states :—‘ Described from a single bred, bisexual individual.” The specimens he sends me are normal and quite distinct from any other species I know. They certainly come in the genus Culicada, and not Culex as Felt mentions, although at first sight it resembles C. fatigans and, on closer examination, C. dentatus, Theob., owing to the ? uniserrate ungues. The structure of the thoracic and wing scales differs and 366 A Monograph of Culrcidae. also the palpi, so that they cannot be confused if examined microscopically. Life-history and habits.--Felt bred the first specimen from a Fig. 143. wis Combs of Culicada abserrata. Felt. (After Felt.) larva taken in a cold mountain pool in June, associated with lazarensis, cinereoborealis and Corethras. The larva is described by Felt as follows :— “ Antennae rather stout with a slight basal enlargement tapering almost uniformly therefrom; tuft at basal third, apex bearing one long / / ay a rib Fig 145. Labial plate of C. abserrata. (After Felt.) Fig. 144. Air siphon of Culicada abserrata. (After Felt.) and one medium slender process, a smaller one and also a much stouter rudimentary segment. Labial plate rather broadly triangular, bearing twenty-seven fine triangular teeth. Thorax with compound, finely barbuled Genus Culicada. 367 hairs; abdomen mostly with simple ones. Comb with six or seven scales arranged in a curve, each with a large, finely setose, spatulate base and with a large, apical spine. Air tube three times as long as wide, tapering regularly, with double posterior pecten on basal third, each row consisting of twelve to fifteen closely set stout, black spines, each bearing near tke basal third one large and usually a smaller tooth. Barred area short, dense, bearing numerous long, branching hairs. Anal gills long, slender, uni- formly tapering.” CULICADA CINEREOBOREALIS. Felt and Young (1904). Culex cinereoborealis. Velt and Young. Science XX., No. 505, p. 312 (1904), nom. nud., Felt and Young; Bull. 79, Ento, 22, N. York St. Mus., p. 312, pls. 7, 20, 21, 26, 36, 45, 52, 55, Oct. (1904), Felt. **' Thorax brownish-grey, with central portion browner; abdomen brown with basal white bands expanded at the sides; legs dark brown, coxae pale, femora light beneath; ungues unidentate in ?, unequally toothed mea. 9. Brownish-grey; proboscis long; palpi dark brown with base lighter than tips; occiput with white narrow-curved leaf-like scales at Fig. 146. Male genitalia of C. cinereoborealis. Felt. (After Felt.) centre, broad truncate ones at sides; numerous upright, narrow, forked, yellowish or dark scales are interspersed among the others; black bristles extend forward with a few yellowish ones on the median line; antennae dark brown, base of first joint pale. Thorax brownish-grey, a brown 368 A Monograph of Culicidae. spot at the middle, becoming wider behind the middle with the sides often separated from the central part by a narrow white line, lighter at the sides, with yellowish or golden scales. Pleura thickly clothed with white scales. The denuded thorax shows a median narrow brown line bordered with a lighter almost plumbeous one on each side. Abdomen brown, with a broad white band, somewhat expanded laterally, at the base of the segments. Yellowish-white scales are scattered over the abdomen, while clusters almost form a median stripe, which is more apparent in bred or unabraded specimens. Ventral surface clothed with white scales. Legs dark brown; femora yellowish, lighter beneath and almost black at apex. Anterior and mid tibiae lighter beneath, posterior — tibiae show dark purple reflections in sunlight. Tarsi unicolorous, almost black; ungues unidentate. Wings large, thick, venation strongly Fig. 147. Comb of C. cinereoborealis. (After Felt.) marked; petiole of first submarginal cell almost as long as cell; posterior cross-vein less than its own length from the nearly equal mid cross-vein. 3é. Head, similar in colour to that of female; the antennae and palpi uniformly brown; thorax with brown spots more extended, more golden and yellowish scales, and with fewer white scales laterally and on the pleura. Abdomen more slender than in the female; basal bands narrower, with very few scattered yellowish scales, numerous long flying hairs becoming quite dense at apex. Legs long, same colour as female; first segment of posterior tarsi almost as long as tibiae; posterior ungues equal, unidentate; the fore and mid feet bear one large claw with two teeth and a smaller one with one tooth. Wings longer and narrower than in the female; petioles of the first and second submarginal cells longer than cell, posterior cross-vein about its own length from mid cross-vein. Length.—7 mm. Habitat.— Albany, U.S.A. Time of appearance.—May. Larva.—Length, 2; inch; head light or yellowish brown, widest just behind the black eyes; antennae nearly straight, almost cylindric, slightly Genus Culicada. 369 darker at the somewhat enlarged base and with a scanty tuft arising at the basal third. Labial plate broadly triangular, with twenty-five fine teeth. Thorax, lateral angles somewhat marked, and each bearing a group of compound, finely barbuled hairs. A similar group also occurs at the anterior angle, which is less sharply defined, and also on the dorsal surface. Hairs of body mostly simple, those on the first and second abdominal segments compound and weakly barbuled. Comb of eighth abdominal segment consists of fourteen to sixteen scales, each having a somewhat spatulate base and terminated by a stout spine, at the base of the latter on either side is a much smaller spine followed by a series of still smaller weaker ones. Anal segment, with a broad dorsal plate, extending nearly to the ventral line but not inclosing the segment. Air tube about two and a half times as long as broad tapering rather gradually to the apex with two posterior pecten, each consisting of about eighteen spines closely placed together and four others at a much Acnheiee of ious greater distance. Each pecten tooth stout and with one or two denticulations; dorsal surface of the air tube with a double row of hair-tufts, each consisting of about four tufts composed of a pair of weakly barbuled hairs. Habits——This large species is a frequenter of woodland pools in the vicinity of Albany, where it occurs with C. canadensis, C. impiger, C. cantans, and Aedes fuscus. We believe the species winters in the larval form (E. P. Feit).” The larva is said to resemble that of Culex impiger, but the dorsal surface of the air tube has a double row of hairs, each row consisting of about four tufts composed of a pair of weakly barbuled hairs. It has been confused by Messrs. Dyar and Knab (Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc. 6, 144, 1904) with that of C. impiger with which it sometimes occurs. TOL. 1V. 2B 370 A Monograph of Culicidae. CULICADA NEMOROSA. Meigen (1818). Culex nemorosus. Meigen (1818). Culex sylvaticus. Meigen (1818). Oulea guttatus. Curtis (1835). Culex provocans. Walker (1848). Culex salinus. Ficalbi (1896). Culex reptans. Meigen (? 1804). Culex fasciatus. Meigen (? 1804). Culex stricticus. Meigen (? 1838). Syst. Beschr. Eur. Zweifliigel, 1, 4, 3 (1818), Meigen; Mém. Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, III., 406, 17 (1827), Rob.-Desvoidy; Syst. Beschr. VI., 241 (1830), and Abbild. Europ. Zweifltigel Ins. I., tab. 1, fig. 5' (1880), Meigen; Ins. Lappon., 806, 2 (1838), Zetterstedt; Naturhist. Tidsskr. II., 558, 2 (1839), Staeger; Dipt. Scand. IX., 4857, 3 (1880), Zetterstedt, neal XII., 4836, 3 (1855) ; Ins. Brit. Dipt. IIL, 247, 5 (1856), Walker ; Fauna Aves IT., 628, 8 (1864), Schiner; Bull. Sow Ent. Ital. IV., 30,3 (1872), Bids: - int. Neerl. I., 327, 7 (1877), Van der Wulp; K. Danske, Vid. Selsk. Skrift. III., 377, tab. 1, figs. 17-19 (1886), Meinert ; Archiv. fur. Naturgesch. LIII., 1, 133, Pls. V.-VI. (1887), Rascke ; Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital. XXVIII., 284, 35 (1896), and XXXI., 177, 5, figs. 59-61 (1899); Bull. Soc. Ent. (1896), p. 109 (= stricticus, Meig.), reprint; Noti Sulla Zanz. Ital. [Xa. Nota (C. salinws), and. Venti Spec. Zanz. Ital., p. 129 (1899), Ficalbi; Bull. Soc. Ento. Ital. XXXTI., 259 (1899), Noé; Gnats, 306, 104 (1900), Giles; Mono. Culicid. IT., 80-86, figs. 189, 190 (1901), Theobald : Die Malaria, Pi, BV 5 Ee 31 (1901), Grassi ; Gnats, Ed. IL. 436, 81 (1902), Giles: Allatt. Kozl. TIL, 47 (1904), Kertdai Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung. III., 85 (1901), Theobald. Culex sylvaticus.—Syst. Beschr. 1, 6, 8 (1818), Meigen; Recueil Soc. Se. Agri. Lille, 217, 3 (1826), Macquart; Mém. Soc. d’Hist. Nat. Paris, III., 409, 31 (1827). | Culex guttatus. Brit. Entomo. 537 (1835), Curtis; Bull. Soc. Entomo. Ital. XXVIII., 286, 37 (1896), Ficalbi; Gnats, 317, 121 (1900), Giles. Culex provocans. List. Dipt. Brit. Mus. I., 7 (1848), Walker. Culex reptans. Klass. 1, 3, 2 (1804), Meigen. Culex fasciatus. Klass. 1, 4, 5 (1804), Meigen. Culex stricticus. Syst. Beschr. VII.,1, 20 (1838), Meigen; Fauna Austr. IL., 629 (1864), Schiner; Bull. Soc. Entomo. Ital. XXVIII., 283, 32 (1896), Ficalbi; Gnats, 322, 128 (stricticuws) (1900), Giles. This wood mosquito comes in Felt’s genus Culicada. It has been recorded from the following additional localities : Germany and various places in Hungary (Kertész) ; Altenfjord, Finmark (Sir George Hampson) (July). In Britain Mr. C. O. Genus Culicada. 371 Waterhouse has taken it in the New Forest, and myself in Epping Forest and at Wye. | aie oem tuna Oe et eee es oH SiS Cts cy barra ee Fig. 149. Wing of Culicada nemorosa. 9. Meigen. Fig. 150. Wing of another Culicada nemorosa. @. Meigen. CuLicaDA PUNCTOR. Kirby (1837). Culex punctor. Kirby (non Dyar and Smith). Fauna Boreali-Americana Ins., p. 308 (1837), Kirby; Cat. Dip. Ins. Brit. Mus. I., p. 6 (1848) Walker; Mono. Culicid. II., p. 75 (1901), Theobald. There is considerable confusion regarding this species. The Wie, 1515 Wing of Culex punctor. 9. Kirby. American observers take a totally different insect to be punctor to that placed in the Museum collection. 372 A Monograph of Culieidae. Genus LEUCOMYIA. nov. gen. Head covered with narrow-curved scales and some irregular flat lateral ones and upright forked scales; mesothorax and scutellum and prothoracic lobes with narrow-curved scales ; a tuft of elongated, outstanding flat scales at the root of the wings ; palpi short in the 9, composed of five segments, the apical one minute, the penultimate longer than the rest, antepenultimate broadest, the two basal ones small; long in the ¢, composed of three segments, acuminate, slight hair-tufts. Male genitalia with very broad flat short claspers; harpes short and blunt ending in spines ; harpogones blunt and also short. Wings with rather dense broad linear lateral vein-scales ; median vein-scales rather large and spatulate, especially prominent over the first, third, and fourth veins and the fifth, not on the branches of first fork-cell. The structure of the male genitalia bring it near both Janthinosoma and Grabhamia. It Fig. 152, = =may be related to the latter but is very veda.’ Theobald. distinct from the former genus. Two well marked species come in this genus, namely, Culex gelidus, Theobald, and the new species described here—the former is taken as the type of the genus. The wing scaling is accentuated in plegepennis. Culea quasigelidus, Theob. (Mono. Culicid. III. p. 181) also probably comes here. The species all have densely silvery-grey scaled areas in front of the mesonotum. Levucomyia GELIDA. Theobald (1901). Culex gelidus. Theobald. Mono. Culicid. IT., p. 21 (1901) and III., p. 180 (1903). g. Palpi longer than the proboscis by more than the apical segment, which is acuminate, the penultimate segment shorter than the antepenultimate, both segments with long brown hairs on each side, but not forming noticeable tufts, a series of long hairs also on one side of the slightly swollen apex of the ante- penultimate segment. Antennae normal, grey with brown verti- Genus Leucomyia. 373 cillate bands. Fore and mid ungues unequal, the larger with a large tooth, and the small with a small basal acute tooth. Wings with the fork-cells rather short, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its stem about two-thirds the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior cell a little more than half the length of the cell, which is expanded apically ; the posterior cross-vein about twice its own length distant from the mid cross-vein. Genitalia with large basal lobes, narrowing apically, with a dark lateral process bearing several small spines and one larger et «eee Fig. 153. Fig, 154.. Male palp of Male genitalia of Lewcomyia gelida. Theobald. Leucomyta gelida. Theo. one ; clasper short and much curved on one side, very broad and abruptly bent at the end; harpes dark, short and blunt, curved almost at right angies towards the apex, which has a minutely spinose appearance ; harpogones large, dark and curved. Length.—4°5 mm. Additional localities.—Philippine Islands (Miss Ludlow) ; Sarawak (Dr. A. J. G. Barker) ; Maskeliya, Ceylon (E. E. Green). Observations.— Miss Ludlow’s specimens bear on label, ‘‘ taken by Dr. Whitmore in quarters.” The specimens taken in Sarawak were taken in November, those in Ceylon in April. 374 A Monograph of Culierdae. Leucomyia GELIpA. Theobald (i901). | var. cuneata. Theobald. Mono. Culicid. IT., p. 22 (1901). Additional locality.—Philippine Islands (Miss Ludlow). LevucomMYIA GELIDUS. Theobald. variety bipunctata. n. Vv. Resembles the type in all respects, but the frosty scaled anterior region of the thorax has two prominent brown spots on the middle of the anterior region. Abdomen has the basal pale bands extending in the middle nearly across some of the segments. 6. Head brown, clothed in the middle with snow-white small narrow-curved scales and similar coloured upright forked scales, brown scales at the sides. Palpi brown, longer than the proboscis, with four yellow bands, the second from the base the broadest and corresponding with the pale band on the proboscis ; apical segment acuminate, last two segments with brown hair- tufts, but not very dense, of about equal length. Thorax brown, the anterior two-thirds clothed with small, dense, narrow-curved, snowy-white scales, which end in an irregular wavy line ; on this area are two distinct round brown spots on the anterior portion ; posterior third with brown scales ; dense black chaetae over the roots of the wings ; scutellum pale brown with brown narrow-curved scales and seven brown posterior border-bristles ; metanotum pale brown; pleurae pale with two or three dusky spots. Abdomen deep brown with basal white bands, which spread out in the middle to form long median projections and long white lateral lines ; posterior border-bristles pale golden. Legs as in the 9; fore and mid ungues unequal, uniserrate, the tooth of the smaller basal ; hind ungues equal and simple. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell longer and much narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem about half the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior about three-fourths the length of the cell ; posterior cross-vein more than twice its own length distant from the mid ecross-vein. Genus Leucomyia. 375 Claspers of genitalia short, thick, curved, swollen on the apical half just after the curve, terminal segment shaped like a haltere ; lateral process of basal lobe with large spines and a foliate plate ; harpes and harpogones short, thick, curved. Length.—5 mm. Habitat.—India (Major Aldrich) ; Sarawak (Dr. Barker). Observations.—This variety resembles the type in general appearance, but the abdomen resembles that of variety cuneata, Theob. It can at once be told by the two very marked brown spots on the pale area of the thorax. The ¢ genitalia resemble Culex pipiens and C. fatigans, but can at once be told by the broader claspers found in this genus. LEUCOMYIA PLEGEPENNIS. Ni. sp. Head and greater part of thorax covered with silvery-grey scales, back of thorax darker, sending two small dark projections forwards ; palpi deep brown ; proboscis banded. Abdomen brown with a median grey line and small pale apical lateral spots. Legs brown with narrow basal white bands. Wings with some of the veins dark brown, others pale. Somewhat resembling C. gelidus, Theob. @. Head deep brown, clothed with narrow-curved grey scales and grey upright forked ‘scales and flat lateral scales ; palpi small, deep brown; proboscis deep brown with a broad median pale creamy band; antennae deep brown, the basal segment and base of the second segment testaceous. Thorax deep brown, clothed with narrow-curved silvery grey scales for about three-fourths of its length and sending a narrow lateral line of similar coloured scales down to the scutellum, the posterior one-fourth clothed with very small brownish scales which spread anteriorly into the pale area as two square dark patches following the lines of chaetae and separating a median grey- scaled area from the thin grey lateral lines; chaetae brown behind, black in front, very prominent ; scutellum brown with narrow-curved grey scales and five golden-brown posterior border- bristles to the mid lobe ; metanotum deep brown. Abdomen brown, basal segment light ochreous, with a median patch of greyish scales and pallid hairs; the second to seventh segments with a median creamy stripe, broadening out basally on each segment and with small pale apical lateral spots, in the seventh segment they are not quite apical, eighth segment with 376 A Monograph of Culicidae. two basal lateral white spots; posterior border-bristles slight, very pale golden ; venter with creamy scales. Legs brown, pale basally, femora and tibiae spiny ; in the fore legs the second to fourth tarsals have basal white bands, and there is a small pale knee spot, and another at the tibio-metatarsal joint ; in the mid legs there is a pale spot at the base of the tibia, and all the other segments have basal white bands, the last tarsal with a very indistinct one; on the tibiae pale reflection may be noticed in certain lights, giving them a dull grey hue, especially on the apical half; in the hind legs there are pale basal bands. to all the segments except the last tarsal; ungues all equal and simple. | Wings with dark brown and very pale brown scales in lines, in some lights the paler scales seem almost grey ; the paler scales occur on the second long vein and its branches, on the fourth long vein and the basal part of its upper branch, the thin lateral scales of the third, fourth and fifth veins are also pale ; the first, third, lower branch of the fourth, apex of the upper branch and the fifth noticeably dark scaled, the median vein scales being broad and spatulate, with a central row of much smaller ones ; first sub-marginal cell longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior cell, its stem about one-half the length of the cell, its base about level with that of the second posterior cell, the stem of which is about half the length of the cell rather more than three times its own length distant from the mid ; border-scales of fringe spatulate, rather large and very dark, fringe scales paler with violet reflections. Halteres pale. Length.—5 mm. Habitat.-—Kobe, Japan (Mr. Cornford). Time of capture.—September. Observations.—Very similar to gelidus, Theobald, but much slighter in build and with longer legs. The thoracic ornamenta- tion is very marked, the two dark areas projecting into the pale scaled region showing very prominently. The light and dark colouring of the wings is also pronounced, and gives them almost a striped appearance in some lights. Genus Culicelsa. 377 ~I Genus CULICELSA. Felt. Bull. 79, Ent. 22, N. York St. Mus., p. 391, 6 (1904). Professor Felt founded this genus on Culex taeniorhynchus, Wiedemann. It is certainly a good one on scale structure. Felt’s characters of venation will not hold, but the genitalic characters will augment those of the squamose nature of the wing, the only way we can separate female and male from a true Culez. Head, thorax and abdominal scales as in Culex. Terminal segment of 9 palp small and rounded, palpi composed of four segments in 9. Wings with short fork-cells; scales denser and the lateral vein scales rather broader than in Culex, especially in the ¢, median vein scales much denser, especially on second and third long veins, but also on the others, those on second vein of more than two rows. Petiole of first fork-cell of 9 about half its length. Terminal clasp segment of ¢ genitalia swollen at base ; harpes with a peculiar retrose spine. Larva with short air tube, the comb composed of numerous spatulate, spined scales. Prof. E. P. Felt includes aurifer of Coquillett here also. CULICELSA TAENIORHYNCHUS. Wiedemann (1821). Culex taeniorhynchus. Wiedemann (1821). Dipt. Exot., p. 43 (1821); Mono. Culicid. I., p. 350 (1903), Theobald; Bull. 79, Ento. 22, N. York St. Mus., p. 801 (1904), Felt; Mosq. Jam., p. 22 (1905), Theobald and Grabham; Mosq. N. Jersey, p. 216 (1905), Smith. Additional localities.—Connecticut (H. L. Viereck) ; New York (E. P. Felt); New Jersey (J. B. Smith); Fort Caswell, N. Carolina ; Fort Apache, Arizona; Fort Howard, Maryland ; Fort Morgan, Alaska; Rock Island Arsenal, Illinois; South Carolina; Florida; Louisiana; Fort Monroe, Virginia; Fort Rodman, Massachusetts; Fort Screven, Georgia; Fort Wright, Washington (Miss Ludlow). Observations.—There are some slight differences between the larval characters given by J. B. Smith and those given by Dr. Grabham, mainly in the form of the mentum (vide figures), but Smith figures two forms of mentum ; it is thus evident that this structure varies. The structure of the antennae also varies, so that with these two differences and the differences in habits 378 A Monograph of Culicidae. of the adult, it is possible that Smith’s taeniorhynchus is a distinct species, but as both are littoral, I do not think the small structural discrepancies in larval characters are of any value, particularly as the adults exactly agree. Everywhere it bites viciously, especially during the day, and is noted as a pest in seaside towns. Mr. Viereck found that in New Jersey it was attracted at night (especially gravid ?’s) to electric lights. J. B. Smith states that it is strictly a marsh species, and has never been found breeding anywhere else in New Fig. 155. Culiselsa taeniorhynchus. Wied. (After Smith.) a, siphon scales ; b, scale of com) ; c, antennae ; d, two forms of labial plates ; e, siphon and anal segment. Jersey. It does not seem to occur there indoors, but I have already recorded it as abundant in houses in British Guiana (Mono. Culicid. I., p. 353, 1901). The egg-laying habits are like those of Grabhamia sollicitans. The larva is 7 to 8 mm. long, of a dirty grey or yellowish colour ; the antennae figured by J. B. Smith have a small] terminal plate, a few short and one long bristle and a lateral tuft of two or three long hairs about the middle, and are dark apically. Those examined from Jamaica answered in all respects, but Genus Culicelsa. 379 the lateral tuft is more basal, and I could only detect one hair in some, two ina few. The mentum, according to J. B. Smith, has from 10-12 teeth on each side, and varies slightly in general form. Those examined varied in form more than Smith’s, but have the same number of lateral teeth. The scales of the eighth segment are oval, with about 17 spines, and vary in number from 16 to 22. The siphon is short and broad, with two rows of spines 16—20 in number, which vary in form, but are serrated on each side. Anal gills very short. Life-history and habits —This mosquito occurs in houses, hospitals, &c., and also in the open. It bites rather severely. Structural parts of the larva are shown in figure. The figures of the larvae given by Prof. John B. Smith in Bulletin 171, New Jersey Agricultural Station, Feb. 8th, 1904, Plate VI., do not agree with those sent by Dr. Grabham. What species Professor Smith’s belong to I do not know, but Dr. Grabham’s belong undoubtedly to C. taeniorhynchus, Wiedemann. Economic importance.—This species is a vicious biter in Jamaica, and is of particular importance on account of its frequency in seaside towns. CULICELSA TOGOI. n. sp. Head deep brown, with paler scales and a small prominent white spot on each side; proboscis deep brown, unadorned. Thorax deep brown with golden scales in more or less lines, the brown scales most prominent on each side in front and over the roots of the wings, but present between the pale scaled lines. Abdomen black with basal snow-white bands, which are repre- sented by lateral spots on the last two segments. Legs black with basal white bands. @. Head deep brown, with pale creamy narrow-curved scales, a small prominent patch of flat white scales on each side, then flat dark scales; numerous narrow, black, upright forked scales; a pale border around the eyes; palpi rather long deep brown with white scales apically; proboscis black; antennae deep brown, basal segment pale with some small flat white scales, the second segment rather enlarged with small flat black and white scales ; verticillate hairs black, internodal pilosity pale. Thorax deep brown with rather broad curved golden scales, somewhat paler over the roots of the wings, and with deep brown 380 A Monograph of Culicidae. chaetae, some golden at the base, the golden scales show some- what linear arrangement; scutellum brown with pale curved scales and seven brown border-bristles to the mid lobe ; meta- notum brown. Abdomen black with snowy-white basal bands, the apical segment with two basal lateral snowy-white spots, border-bristles and lateral hairs pale golden. Legs deep brown, femora pale at the base, knee spots pale ; fore legs with a white band at the base of the first tarsal, mid with white bands on second to fourth tarsals, that on the fourth minute, the bands more pronounced on the hind legs and involving both sides of the joints on all the legs; ungues of fore and mid legs equal and uniserrate, on the hind equal and simple. Wings rather short ; fork-cells short and the scales rather dense, median vein scales broad, long and diverging; first sub- ‘marginal cell a little longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base a little nearer the apex of the wing, its stem rather more than half the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior cell also about half the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein twice its own length distant from the mid. Length.—4 to 4°5 mm. Habitat.—Osaka, Japan. Observations.— Described from two perfect females. It is very marked, the dark thorax with broad golden curved scales, deep blackish-brown abdomen with snowy-white basal bands and white banded legs separate it from all other Culicids. It is somewhat aberrant from the genus Culex, but I can see nothing to exclude it unless it is placed on account of the rather dense wing scales with C. taeniorhynchus in the genus Culiselsa, Felt. CULISELSA AUROIDES. Felt (1905). 20 Rept. St. Ent. N. Y. St. Bull. 97, Ent. 24, N. York St. Mus., p. 449 (1905). Head with golden yellow scales. Proboscis dark brown, unbanded. Thorax with conspicuous median stripe of rich brown scales, becoming yellowish and paler posteriorly, a short sub- lateral line of same colour on posterior third, rest of mesonotum golden yellow scaled. Abdomen with basal yellowish-white bands. Legs brown unbanded. “o. Proboscis dark brown, about two-thirds the length of the body. Palpi short, dark brown, third segment about one-third the length of the ‘ Genus Culicelsa. 381 stout uniform fourth segment; fifth rudimentary. Antennae a little shorter than the proboscis; basal segment yellowish brown, fuscous inter- nally and with an inconspicuous patch of whitish scaies dorsally and internally ; other segments dark brown, with median basal whorls and thickly clothed with short golden setae. Occiput thickly clothed with curved, golden yellow scales and with numerous, erect, golden yellow fork scales posteriorly. Mesonotum with a conspicuous median stripe of rich brown scales, becoming yellowish, thinner and obsolete posteriorly. A short sub-lateral line of the same colour occurs on the posterior third ; other portions of the mesonotum rather thickly clothed with golden yellow scales. Pleura thickly clothed with silvery white scales. Scutellum rather thickly clothed with long golden yellow scales, and with a con- spicuous median and smaller lateral apical groups of long golden yellow setae; post scutellum smooth, dark brown. Halteres, apical portion slightly fuscous, basal semi-transparent, whitish. Abdomen dark brown with distinct basal yellowish white bands, slightly prolonged laterally. Terminal lobes fuscous. Ventral surface suffused with yellowish white scales. Coxae brownish yellow, rather thickly clothed with whitish scales; legs brown, unbanded. Femora and tibiae yellowish white ven- trally ; tarsi dark brown, claws unidentate. Wings with costa and first longitudinal vein thickly clothed with purple-brown scales, sub-costa and other veins more sparsely ornamented; fringe of a purplish grey. Petiole of the first sub-marginal cell about two-thirds the length of the cell; that of the second nearly as long as its cell. Posterior cross-vein a little over its own length from the mid cross-vein. Habitat.—Elizabethtown, New York. Time of appearance.—May. Larva about three-eighth inch long. Antennae stout, slightly swollen at base, gently curved and tapering gradually to a blunt apex, tuft at the basal third consisting of about four apparently simple hairs. Tip with one long segmented apical process, a shorter, much more slender one, a stout long process and a considerably stouter, short one. Surface orna- mented with rather large, stout, somewhat isolated spines. Labial plate triangular with about 25 fine teeth. Comb of 16 scales in triangular patch, each with a spatulate enlarged base, coarsely and rather sparsely setose on the sides, and with a stout sub-apical and a rather long apical spine, the latter as long or longer than the body of the scale. Air tube stout, about three times as long as broad, tapering gradually to the tip. Pecten of two rows of 20 to 24 dentate spines in each, each tooth with one large and two or three smaller denticulations.” It resembles the larva of C. aurifer but can be told by the antennal tuft being at the basal third, instead of beyond the middle as in aurifer. Observations.—-Described by Felt from a single freshly bred 9. Felt places this in his genus Culicelsa of which taeniorhynchus, Wiedemann, is the type. The description reads as a very diffe- 382 A Monograph of Culicidae. rent insect to Wiedemann’s and it is doubtful if it can be placed with it. CULICELSA ANNULIROSTRIS. Skuse (1889). Culex annulirostris. Skuse. Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. Wales, p. 1737 (1889), Skuse; Mono. Culicid. L, p. 365 (1901) and IIT., p. 162 (1903), Theobald. Dr. Bancroft has found that this species oviposits in “ rafts.” CULICELSA VIGILAX. Skuse (non Theobald) (1889). Culea vigilax. Skuse (non Theobald). Culex marinus. Theobald (1901). Proc. Linn. Soc. N. 8. Wales, p. 1731 (1889), Skuse; Mono. Culicid. L, p. 396 (1901) (marinus), and IIT., p. 178 (1903), Theobald. Dr. Bancroft writes me that this species oviposits singly. Both Dr. Bancroft and myself find that the species I took to be Skuse’s, vigilax, is not so and must be given a new name, whilst the other closely related species I described as marinus is the true vigilax. For the former species I propose the name pseudovigilaz. Additional locality—ZJohnstone River, N. Queensland (Dr. Bancroft). CULICELSA PSEUDOVIGILAX. nov. nom. Culex vigilax. Theobald (non Skuse). Mono. Culicid. I., p. 395 (1901). The species I took to be vigilax is not so. I therefore propose the above name as it is closely related. It seems to be rare, whilst Skuse’s species which it closely resembles is very common. CULICELSA ALBOANNULATA. Macquart (1850). Culex alboannulatus. Macquart. Dipt. Exot., p. 10, 4th Supp., Macquart (1850); Proc. Linn. Soc. N. &. Wales, p. 1732 (1889), Skuse; Mono. Culicid. I., p. 389 (1901), and IIT., p. 175 (1903), Theobald. Dr. Bancroft writes me that this species oviposits singly. It comes in this genus, not Culex proper. Genus Culiseta. | 383 Genus CULISETA. Felt. Mosq. N. York State, Bull. 79, Ent. 22, N. Y. St. Mus., p. 391(e) (1904), Felt. . Felt forms a new genus for his Culex absobrinus. I have been unable to work out the two included species to see if any marked squamose characters occur, so give Felt’s definition verbatim. The male genitalia are very marked, the claspers being noticeably short. | _ * Petiole of anterior fork-cell of 9 about one-half its length. Posterior cross-vein less than its own length from mid cross-vein. Scales very large, lateral ones slender, linear ; vein scales closely appressed, frequently elongated. Male wing with petiole of first fork-cell one-half to two-thirds the length of the cell, and the posterior cross-vein about its own length from mid cross-vein. ' Basal clasp segment of male genitalia triangular, apical segment slender, nearly straight. Claspette represented by a conspicuous basal lobe with one or more large, chitinous spines. Harpogones reeurved, with several apical teeth. Larvae with pecten pro- | longed into setae and with stout, spined, comb scales.” Felt included in this genus besides the type his magnipennis, which is consobrinus, Rob.-Desvoidy, and incidens, Thoms. The latter is a Theobaldia. | \ | CULISETA ABSOBRINA. Felt (1904). | — Culex absobrinus. Felt. | | Mosq. N. York State, Bull. 79, Ent. 22, N. Y. St. Mus., p. 818 (1904). Head yellewish-white to creamy with dense black upright . scales; proboscis deep brown. Thorax rich brown, a median line of black scales, with a few golden ones bordering it and | ending in the same. Similar sub-median lines with a creamy | eye-like spot about the middle of each and ending posteriorly in pale scales. Abdomen deep brown with basal creamy bands. Legs deep brown with pale knee spots. 9. Head deep brown with narrow-curved pale creamy scales, more pronounced and paler at the sides and around the eyes, lateral flat scales creamy yellow, numerous thin black upright forked scales on the occiput ; proboscis deep brown ; palpi brown with scattered pale scales ; antennae black with dark hairs and paler internodal pubescence. 384 A Monograph of Culicidae. Thorax deep rich brown clothed with very small narrow- curved brown scales somewhat larger, scantier and more irregular on the median line, with a few pale golden ones on each side, ending anteriorly in a pale golden mass of scales and also behind around the bare space in front of the scutellum ; also traces of a sub-median line, which has about the middle a mass of pale creamy scales forming two more or less distinct spots and ending posteriorly in creamy scaled lines ; pale scales also present around the front of the mesonotum, the median and sub-median lines with black chaetae (these lines show more prominently with a hand lens than under the two-third power); chaetae black ; scutellum brown with narrow-curved creamy scales and brown border-bristles ; metanotum brown ; pleurae brown with pale flat scales. Abdomen deep blackish-brown with basal creamy-white bands and pale golden hairs and border-bristles ; venter mostly pale creamy scaled. Legs deep brown with bronzy reflections, apex of femora and tibiae yellow and also base and under surface of femora ; ungues equal and simple, rather large. Wings with the lateral vein scales very thin, but dense, fork- cells rather short, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, its base very slightly nearer the apex of the wing, its stem about half the length of the wing ; stem of Fig. 156. Wing of Culiseta absobrina. Felt. ¢&. the second posterior cell more than half the length of the cell, which is widened towards the edge of the wing; mid cross-vein in front of the supernumerary and the posterior a little behind the mid almost in a line with the supernumerary ; halteres with pale stem and dusky apex. Length.—6*5 to 7 mm. Genus Culiseta. 385 ¢. Palpi brown, unbanded, without hair-tufts, the two end segments not swollen, long, of about equal length ; thorax and abdomen as in the 9. Ungues of fore and mid legs unequal, the larger bi- the smaller uniserrate, posterior ones equal and sunple. Wings with the first sub-marginal longer and much narrower than the second posterior cell, its base nearer the apex of the wing, its stem about two-thirds the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior not quite as long as the broad cell ; super- Fig. 157. Wing of Culiseta absobrina. o&. Felt. numerary{and mid cross-veins meet at an angle, posterior a little behind the mid. Genitalia with basal lobe thick, stout, hairy ; claspers slender, uniformly curved. Habitat.— Elizabethtown, Sarawac, New York. Time of capture.—July and August. Larva.—‘ Antenna stout, curved, with a thick well- developed tuft of plumose hairs at its basal third, and a pair of long slender spines on the apical fifth, in addition to one long spine and two rudimentary tapering processes at the apex. Labial plate sub-triangular, with twenty rather fine teeth, basal portion with distinct rather coarse reticulations. Comb of a triangular patch of sixty scales arranged in five irregular rows, each scale with a brown basal, somewhat spatulate enlargement, and terminated by an expanded, nearly colourless tip, bearing a series of rather fine sub-equal, apical spines, smaller spines on each side down to the base. Air tube four times as long as wide, with two rows of pecten at the basal fifth, each consisting of about fourteen closely set teeth bearing at their bases one or two conspicuous processes.” Found by Professor E. P. Felt in a cold mountain pool. Observations.—This species is redescribed from specimens sent by Professor Felt. The thoracic adornment differs in the ? VOL. IV. 2c¢ a 386 A Monograph of Culicidae. \ is Wak AW HE Wy | i : il ( Wa SSP ! AS rh | Hh) HT iN | iT 4 i “Ny NINN i“ (( Atl ‘ Fig. 160. Culiseta absobrinus. (After Felt.) Fig. 158. Culiseta absobrinus. Comb scale. Fig. 159. Larval antenna of Culiseta absobrina. (After Felt.) Fig. 161. Labial plate of C. absobrina. Felt. (After Felt.) described from his description in having two very pronounced pale eye-like spots on the mesonotum, but others only show traces of them. The thoracic adornment at once separates it from all = Genus Culex. 387 other Culicidae I have seen from America. The thin wing scales at once exclude it from Culicada, and Felt places it in his genus Culiseta which is adopted here. Genus CULEX. Linnaeus. This large unwieldy genus has now been much reduced by excluding a number of species and placing them in separate genera. ‘T'wo of these genera (Culiseta and Culicelsa) seem to be formed on very slight characters and can scarcely be given any definite squamose characters. Felt’s genitalic characters do not seem definite enough in all cases, and the venation is too variable to take with any degree of seriousness. As squamose characters are not sufficiently marked in these cases reliance for generic distinction must, I feel sure, be placed on the palpi of ¢ and @ if they are to be kept separate. Taking Culex pipiens as the type of the genus Culex we find a peculiarity in the male genitalia, namely, the foliate lateral plate on the prominence of the basal lobe. As far as I have been able to examine specimens micro- scopically only those with this character are now included here in Culex proper. , The species all present a great similarity. Previous characters given founded on pipiens and fatigans may be taken as the generic characters here adopted. Cutex visHnui. Theobald (1901). Mono. Culicid. I., p. 355 (1901) and III., p. 161 (1908). ¢. The male genitalia have been isolated in this species from specimens sent me by Dr. Christophers. The clasper is very much curved and expanded, with a small lateral terminal segment ; the basal lobe is moderately long, contracted abruptly at the Fig. 162. apex just below the later process — Wing of Culex vishnui. which bears three long broad spines, the first the shortest, the other two slightly curved at the apex, then three more uniform shorter spines and a foliate plate which ends acutely. @. Theobald. 2 C3 388 A Monograph of Culicidae. Fig. 163. | Male genitalia of Culex vishnui. Theobald. The two apical segments of the palpi are equal in length, and with very scanty hair-tufts, a few long hairs also at the apex of the antepenultimate segment on one side. CULEX ANNULIFERA. Ludlow (1903). Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Vol. XI., p. 141 (1908). Head with dark brown and light scales, two bands of white on the sides ; proboscis with a broad median pale band. Thorax dark brown, with curved creamy and white, irregular, indefinite lines and spots. Abdomen dark, with basal white bands and traces of white lateral spots. Legs basally pale banded on some of the segments. “0. Head covered with dark brown and light scales, two bands of white flat scales at the sides, curved creamy and dark forked scales on the occiput, a narrow white rim around the eyes, and a few brown hairs between the eyes; antennae brown, verticels and pubescence brown, but giving pale reflections, first segment testaceous; palpi brown with small white apex, with a very broad creamy-coloured band, equal to one-half or more the length of the proboscis, between ; eyes brown. Thorax dark brown, covered with dark brown curved scales, with curved white and creamy scales in irregular and indefinite lines and spots ; scutellum dark brown with cream-coloured curved scales, hairs brown ; ———eE i i i ee _ ¥ ot > -——_ — — — ———— er ee athe — eS cE Genus Culex. 389 metanotum dark brown; pleurae dark, with numerous patches of white scales. Abdomen covered with very dark (almost black) scales and basal white bands, sometimes extending as small lateral spots; ventrally largely white scaled with apical white spots on many of the segments. The abdominal markings vary in definiteness in individuals, but the dorsal bands and the ventro-lateral apical spots seem persistent, while the very small dorso-lateral spots are not. Legs; coxae and trochanters all more or less white scaled; femora all dorsally dark brown, heavily sprinkled with white scales, white or creamy knee spot sometimes involving both sides of the segment, ventrally much lighter; tibiae all dark, slightly sprinkled with white, and some- times on the fore and mid legs, a narrow white ring at the apex; all first tarsals dark with narrow basal light bands, and that on the hind leg somewhat heavier, and sometimes a few light scales scattered through the dark ones; second and third tarsal segments on fore and mid legs have narrow light basal bands; fourth and fifth segments dark, sometimes a very small basal spot on the fourth ; all tarsal segments on hind legs with heavy basal white bands. Fore and mid ungues equal, uniserrate; hind equal and simple. Wings heavily brown-scaled; cells small; first sub-marginal narrower than and the same length as second posterior, the bases of the latter well interior; the stems of both nearly equal to the length of the cells; super- numerary cross-vein two-thirds the length of the mid cross-vein which it meets, posterior cross-vein is as long as the mid-vein, and distant from it more than its own length. Halteres light, knob white scaled. Length.—6 mm., with proboscis 9 mm. &. Head much as in 9, except that the second pale band on the sides is not so defined, and is perhaps lacking ( ¢’s not in good condition) ; antennae are really brown, but the reflections make them look ochraceous ; palpi dark, with a white spot at the bases of the ultimate and penultimate segments, and a cream-coloured band dividing the remainder in halves, the plumes are rather heavy and dark, but like those of the antennae, often look mostly light; proboscis very dark, with quite a narrow cream- coloured band somewhat caudal of the middle (on a line with the anterior band of the palpi). Thorax as in the ?, but very hairy. Claspers large. Legs as in the 2. Fore and mid ungues very unequal, the larger having a large tooth about midway, and a short, apparently spinous, one at the base; hind ungues equal and simple. Wings not so heavily scaled, and the first sub-marginal a little longer than the second posterior, their bases nearly on a line; the posterior cross- vein a little shorter than the mid, and not quite its own length distant. Habitat.—Mangarin and Dagupan, Philippine Islands. Time of captwre.—February to April. Observations.—The 2 described from a lot (28) sent by Dr. Frank Suggs from Mangarin, Mindoro; the males from a lot (234) sent by 390 A Monograph of Culicidae. Dr. M. A. De Lavey, from Dagupan, Pangasinan, Luzon, but the insects had many of them been wet, and were not in good condition.” (This species is very close to my Culex microannulatus and Culex vishnui.—F. V. 'T.) CuLex Bir0I. Theobald (1905). Ann. Mus, Nat. Hung. III., p. 82 (1905). Proboscis with a median yellow band. Head with rather long pale scales. Thorax brown, unadorned, with narrow-curved golden scales. Abdomen brown, with basal pale bands and white lateral spots. Legs with narrow basal pale bands to the tarsal segments of the fore legs, all, except the last, on the mid legs. Wings with the fork-cells long, the stems very short. 2. Head brown, with rather long narrow-curved pale creamy scales, dark brown upright forked scales, and small flat creamy scales at the sides ; clypeus dark brown; palpi black scaled ; proboscis deep brown with a yellow band towards the apical half ; antennae deep brown. Thorax brown, with narrow-curved golden scales, which become paler before the scutellum, with brownish bristles over the roots of the wings; scutellum very large, brown, with narrow-curved pale golden scales and brown border-bristles ; metanotum pale brown; pleurae tawny. When denuded the mesothorax shows two dark median lines and a curved one on each side. Abdomen deep brown, with basal white bands, basal white lateral patches and creamy venter. Legs brown, pale at the base and on under side of the Fig. 164. Wing of Culex birdi. 9. Theobald. femora ; the fore legs with narrow yellow bands to all the tarsal segments, that on the last tarsal indistinct or absent; mid legs Genus Culex. 391 with the banding less distinct and on the hind legs more so ; ungues all equal and simple. Wings with typical Culex-scales, the fork-cells long ; the first sub-marginal cell considerably longer and narrower than the second posterior, its base nearer the base of the wing, its stem about one-fourth the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior less than half the length of the cell ; posterior cross-vein about twice its own length distant from the mid. Halteres dusky. Length.—3 mm. | 6- Palpi deep brown, with narrow yellow basal bands on | the two apical segments and with pale areas basally ; hair-tufts Fig. 165. Wing of Culex birdit. 3B. Theobald. | dark brown ; the dark apical segment acuminate ; antennae brown | with broad grey bands between the verticels. | Thorax and abdomen as in the 9. Fore and mid ungues unequal, uniserrated, hind equal and simple. Length.—3°3 mm. Habitat.—Bombay (Biré, 1902). Observations.— Described from three ?’s and three ¢’s. They are closely allied to Culex vishnui, Theob., but can at once be told from it and others of the allied species by the much greater length of the first sub-marginal cell and by the head | adornment which resembles that of Culex microannulatus, Theob. There is, however, a general different appearance, and their ' small size also separates them from the latter. In C. vishnui the first sub-marginal cell is nearer the apex of the wing than that of the second posterior and not nearly as long as in Bird’s specimens from Bombay. CULEX KELLOGGII. Theobald (1903). Canad. Entomo. Vol. XXXV., No. 8, p. 211 (1903). Thorax brown, with rich reddish-brown scales showing linear arrangement, two small pale spots, some rows of grey scales 392 A Monograph of Culicidae. behind and on the scutellum. Proboscis black, with a white band. Abdomen black, with basal white bands and _ lateral spots. Legs black ; femora pale at base, with a line or row of spots, also the tibiae with a line of white spots. First and other tarsals showing apical and basal white banding ; last hind tarsal with a black median band or all white. Wings unspotted. 2. Head brown, clothed with narrow-curved grey scales in the middle and behind, white ones forming a border around the eyes, brown ones between; at the sides small flat white scales, in the middle numerous upright forked ones, laterally they are black ; two long brown bristles project forwards between the eyes. Palpi black-scaled, with some large white scales at the apex, and some forming a ring near the base; proboscis black with a white band ; antennae black, basal and second segments dark testaceous, the basal segment with white scales internally ; clypeus brown. Thorax brownish-black with rich reddish-brown narrow-curved scales and a few broader grey ones at the sides in front, and some arranged in lines behind the mesonotum. On its surface are two pale spots, two of the posterior white lines being con- tinued back from them. ‘Two short broader ones are situated in front of the bare space before the scutellum. The reddish-brown scales have a linear arrangement, due to two prominent median bare lines ; scutellum brown, with narrow-curved pale scales and brown border-bristles ; metanotum deep brown; pleurae brown with grey scales. | Abdomen black, with basal white bands and white lateral spots ; venter yellowish-brown with scattered grey scales. Legs black, banded, striped and spotted in lines with white ; base of femora grey to dull ochreous, pale beneath, with a row of white spots above, almost forming a line ; apex white; fore and mid tarsal segments with narrow apical and basal yellowish bands, except the last tarsal segment; in the hind legs the tarsal segments have broad, almost white bands, the last tarsal in some specimens being almost all white ; ungues equal and simple. Wings with the veins very densely scaled with typical Culex scales, those at the base of the third long vein thicker, forming a small, rather obscure, dark spot; first sub-marginal cell longer and considerably narrower than the second posterior cell, its base slightly nearer the base of the wing, its stem about one- third the length of the cell ; posterior cross-vein not quite its Genus Culex. 393 own length distant from the mid cross-vein ; fringe dark brown ; halteres testaceous, knob darkened. Length.—5 to 5°5 mm. 6. fPalpi brown, the last two segments nearly as long as: the antepenultimate, the penultimate slightly shorter than the apical ; long brown hairs on each side of the last two segments. and on the apex of the antepenultimate on one side; a narrow pale band at the base of the last two segments and also near base of the antepenultimate ; proboscis black with a narrow white band at base of the apical half. More grey scales on the head than in the 9. Thorax, abdomen and legs as in the 9. Ungues. of fore and mid legs unequal, both uniserrated ; hind equal and simple. Length.—4 to 5°5 mm. Habitat.—Stanford University, California (Professor Kellogg) ; Jamaica (Dr. Grabham); Benecia Barracks, California; Fort Duchesne, Utah ; Fort Logan, Colorado ; Fort Nisbrara, Nebraska ; Fort Reno, Okla ; Texas ; Idaho; Huntingdon, Tennessee ; Fort Missoula, Montana ; Rock Island, Illinois ; Fort Snelling, Minne- sota ; Washington (Miss Ludlow). Time of capture.—September and October (Kellogg\ ; June (Grabham). Observations.—Described from a series sent me by Prof. Kellogg. A marked species bearing some resemblance to C. taeniorhynchus, but has apical and basal leg banding, and with lines and spots of white. It also has simple ungues in the ?, and the ¢ palpi also differ. It is not nearly so compactly built. The specimens show variation in regard to thoracic ornamentation and leg markings. One @? has no signs of the two thoracic spots, and the last hind tarsus of one is almost all white. In others it is almost all dark coloured. Coquillett considers it his Culex tarsalis, but he does not refer to the marked leg ornamentation. The larva of C. kelloggii.itHead bright testaceous; eyes black, a black band behind; antennae black at the apex, acuminate, ending in three long black spines and one very small one ; just above the junction of the dark and pale areas is a fan- shaped set of hairs. Thoracic hairs as follows: the frontal band composed of two large median triple hairs, a couple of small ones next, then two single ones, followed by two triple ones outside ; the next lateral area composed of two outer densely compound groups, then on the inside a double and single hair ; third area composed of two compound bunches. The siphon as long as the 394 A Monograph of Culicidae. three preceding segments, pale testaceous, black at the apex and with a black basal ring and black spot, a row of small bristles on its basal half and a line of fine hair-tufts on the apical portion, these are four in number ; at its base three tufts of bristles on each side and a group of spines; anal segment with a few long black dorsal bristles and pale ventral fan ; gill plates long and narrow. Length.—8°5 to 9 mm. This species was bred by Dr. Grabham from larvae with long siphons. Five males and one female were sent me, but some of the g’s are smaller than the type, one only 4 mm. long. CULEX TARSALIS. Coquillett. 1896. Culex, un. sp. Williston. 1893. Culex willistoni. Giles. 1900. Culex affinis. Adams. 1903. Canad. Entomo., p. 48 (1896) (tarsalis); North Ameri. Faun. 7, p. 253 (1893) (n. sp.), Williston; Hndbk. Gnats, Ist ed., p. 281 (1900) (uss /astone Giles; Kansas nl Sc. Bull, p. 25 (1903) (afinis), Adams. 7 The above is the synonomy given by Coquillett of this species in the “‘Canadian Entomologist” for 1904 (p. 261). With regard to affinis of Adams, this seems correct, and Coquillett’s description of tarsalis, which is the same as Williston’s n. sp., antedates Giles’ Culex willistoni. I have not seen Coquillett’s type of tarsalis, if it answers the description of kelloggii then, I suppose, the latter must sink as a synonym; if it is the same, Coquillett missed out the most marked character, namely, the very prominently spotted legs, and no one could ever identify the species from his description. If the legs are spotted in tarsalis then it is doubtful to place Adams’ affinis as a synonym, in which no mention is made of the spotted legs. These are probably two species, and unless one has a full description of tarsalis it is best to leave kelloggii distinct. This is recorded from British Columbia (Dr. Dyar) and Fort Baker, California (Miss Ludlow); Mississippi (Glenn Herrick). Genus Culex. 395 CULEX HIRSUTIPALPIS. Theobald (1901). Mono. Culicid. I., p. 379 (1901). A single female from El Obeid in Kordofan sent by Dr. Balfour. It is quite typical, but does not show the two pale thoracic spots seen in most specimens. This Culea was originally described from Mashonaland ; it also occurs commonly in the Transvaal, Gambia, Gold Coast, and is probably existing all over Africa. The thorax is brown covered with deep golden-brown scales, and some pale creamy ones, the latter usually form two more or less distinct spots on the mesonotum, there are also paler scales in front of the scutellum, over the roots of the wings, three rows of black bristles, and many over the base of the wings. The proboscis is deep brown at the base and towards the end, the middle forming a broad pale band, the extreme apex is testaceous. The abdomen is brown with basal semi-circular median yellow patches and basal lateral white spots. The legs brown, the segments with apical and basal pale bands, except the last tarsal in the fore and mid legs, which are all dark brown. Ungues in female all equal and simple. In the male the proboscis has a narrow median pale band; the palpi are brown longer than the proboscis by nearly the last two segments, apical segment acuminate with a narrow yellow apical band, and a broad basal one, the penultimate segment also with a basal yellow band, the ante-penultimate with a broad paie band and a narrow one towards its base, hair-tufts on the last two segments and the apex of the ante-penultimate long and black ; fore and mid ungues unequal, both uniserrate, hind equal and simple. The Sudan specimen measured 5°5 mm. CULEX STENOETRUS. 7. Sp. Head dull creamy yellow, with a dark patch on each side ; proboscis deep brown; palpi brown, apex pale. Thorax rich brown, paler in the middle with a grey curved patch on each side in front of the roots of the wings. Abdomen deep brown, with four basal white bands. Legs deep brown, with basal pale bands. 2. Head deep brown, with large narrow-curved pale golden scales, becoming much smaller in front, a large patch of flat 396 A Monograph of Culrcidae. black scales at the sides, and flat creamy ones beyond, upright pale brown forked scales; brown chaetae projecting forwards, except between the eyes where they are pale golden ; proboscis deep brown ; palpi deep brown, with creamy scaled apex. Eyes coppery red. Thorax deep rich brown, with brown and pale creamy almost pale grey scales, the latter form two curved irregular areas in front of the wings and to some extent at the sides and in front of the scutellum ; chaetae brown and golden, those over the roots of the wings golden at the base, dark apically ; scutellum brown, with narrow-curved pale scales and six or seven brown chaetae to the mid lobe; metanotum brown; pleurae brown, with patches of creamy scales. In some lights the thorax shows a dark patch at the root of the wings and a paler median area. Abdomen deep blackish-brown, the second to fifth segments with basal white bands, the sixth with a few white scales, remainder unbanded; the first has a median patch of basal white and apical black scales and pallid brown hairs ; venter mostly pale scaled. Legs brown, femora pale ventrally and mottled with pale yellow scales, yellow at apex; femora deep brown with pale bristles ; first tarsals deep brown, with basal creamy bands and pale bristles ; second and third tarsals of fore and mid legs with narrow basal yellowish pale bands, all the segments on the hind legs with them ; ungues equal and uniserrate. Wings with yellowish brown scales, the fork-cells short, first sub-marginal a little longer and narrower than the second posterior, their bases about level; both stems about two-thirds the length of the cells ; posterior cross-vein shorter than the mid, about one and a half times its own length distant from it; halteres ochreous. Length.—5 mm. Habitat—Maskeliya, Ceylon (KE. E. Green). Time of capture.—April. Observations.—A very marked species coming near C. taenio- rhynchus, Wiedemann, in general appearance, and may possibly come in the same genus, but with adorned thorax, and markedly narrowed abdomen which has only four white basal bands. Genus Culex. 397 ~CuLex secutor. Theobald (1901). Mono. Culicid. II., p. 321 (1901); Mosq. Jamaica, p. 22 (1905). Geographical distribution.—So far only recorded from Jamaica. It is an inland species, and is recorded from Cinchona and Mavis Bank, between 3,500 and 5,000 feet altitude; a few stray specimens have been taken by Dr. Grabham in the Red Hills and in Kingston. Life-history and habits.—This inland species appears in great numbers at certain times, especially after heavy autumnal rains. Great numbers bred in the pools at the foot of the Red Hills near Kingston in the autumn of 1899. The adults have a slow Fig. 166. Larval characters of Culex secutor. Theobald. a, Labial plate ; b, antenna; c, siphon and anal segments ; d, scale from siphon comb ; e, scales on 8th segment. (After Grabham.) and clumsy flight and appear in clouds following one about. The following is Dr. Grabham’s description of the adult larva :— ‘“‘ Respiratory siphon many times longer than broad ; double row of pecten consisting of twelve, four- to five-toothed spines, six to eight small hair-tufts at the upper posterior aspect of the tube. ‘“‘ Lateral comb of simple short spines forty to sixty in number, arranged in a triangular patch; a large nine-branched tufted hair at the foot of the siphon behind. Chitinous collar completely encircling the ninth segment, saddle shaped ; ventral tufts of hairs spring from a narrow prolongation backwards of the collar. Anal papillae three-fourths the length of longest ventral hairs, lanceolate, blunt at free ends. Dorsal tuft of six hairs, two of 398 A Monograph of Culicidae. great length. Thoracic hairs plumose. Lateral antennal tuft of numerous hairs at the junction of upper and lower thirds.” Economic importance.—-This Culex is a persistent and vicious biter, and follows one about in dense clouds. It bites during the day and causes painful swellings. CULEX QUASISECUTOR. 2. sp. Thorax deep brown with small dull golden-brown scales, collected into two paler spots, with a somewhat pale scaled line extending backwards from them, and traces of pale scales in front over the head, two median short basal lines as in secutor. Abdomen deep brown, with basal pale bands. Legs deep brown with prominent apical and basal pale banding to the hind legs, just traces of it on the fore and mid legs. Proboscis unbanded in the female, banded in the male. . @. Head deep brown with pale grey narrow-curved scales in the middle with creamy reflections, duller at the sides, but smaller and brighter around the eyes, lateral area with flat creamy scales, numerous black upright forked scales especially dense at the sides and with brown chaetae in front ; palpi rather long, deep blackish-brown, proboscis and clypeus deep blackish- brown. Thorax brown with narrow-curved scales dull golden in some lights, bright bronzy in others, an area of darker ones on each side in front and around the bare space in front of the scutellum some of a similar colour, the scales collect in two denser patches towards the middle of the mesonotum forming two not very prominent pale spots, and they are somewhat denser in a line from each running backwards, and in some specimens the pale scales collect in front over the head to form two spots; as in secutor there are two short anterior median parallel bare lines of a dark brown; chaetae brown; scutellum paler than the mesonotum with paler scales of a golden hue, and six deep brown bristles to the posterior border of the mid lobe; metanotum bright brown ; pleurae pale brown, with grey sheen and patches of rather long flat white scales. Abdomen deep brown, with basal pale creamy bands, and basal lateral pure white spots and short, pale, golden border- bristles, and some pale golden lateral bristles. The bands on the third to fifth segments most prominent. Legs deep brown, femora pale grey at base and beneath, in the Genus Culex. 399 fore and mid legs there are traces of pale bands to some extent involving both sides of the joints, but mainly apical, more prominent on the mid than fore, in the hind legs the bands are very prominent, and the apex of the last hind tarsal is pale ; ungues small equal and simple; knee spot prominent. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base slightly nearer the base of the wing, its stem about one-half the length of the cell ; Fig. 167. Wing of Culex quasisecutor. ¢. Theobald. stem of the second posterior cell about two-thirds the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein longer than the mid, sloping backwards, and not quite twice its own length distant from it; halteres pallid. Length.—4°5 to 4°8 mm. Fig. 168. Another wing of Culex quasisecutor. 9. Theobald. 6. Palpi acuminate, the two apical segments brown, unbanded, the apical one longer than the penultimate, both with scanty black hair-tufts; the ante-penultimate with a broad creamy band near the apex, and a smaller one towards the base and traces of a still further basal one ; proboscis with traces of a pale median band. Fore and mid ungues, unequal, uniserrate. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell much longer and narrower than the second posterior cell, its base slightly nearer the base of the wing than that of the second posterior, its stem 400 A Monograph of Culicidae. rather more than half the length of the cell, stem of the second posterior cell as long as the ceil ; posterior cross-vein about two and a half times its length distant from the mid cross-vein. Genitalia with broad, curved claspers, terminal segment slightly expanded apically ; the lateral process on the basal lobe with Fig. 169. Male genitalia of Culex quasisecutor. Theobald. three sword-like bristles and a foliate plate ; a comb-like plate of six dark teeth close to the basal process, between it and the clasper. : Length.—4°3 to 4°5 mm. Habitat.—Newcastle, Jamaica, W.I. (Dr. Grabham). Observations.— Described from several ?’s and two ¢’s sent by Dr. Grabham. It was at first supposed to be Culex secutor, but can at once be told by the two pale spots on the thorax, the more prominently banded abdomen and by the apical segment of the male palpi being longer than the penultimate, not the same length as is the case in C. secutor. Otherwise strongly resembling secutor. It also resembles Culex janitor, Theobald, but this species has unbanded abdomen in the female, and the male palpi have the two apical segments equal, and there is only one pale band. The larvae, Dr. Grabham writes, are very different from those of C. secutor. Genus Culex. 401 CuLEX? arroPaLpus. Coquillett (1902). Canad. Entomo. XXXVI. p. 292 (1902), Coquillett; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. X. p. 195 (1902) ; Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. V. p. 144 (1903), Dyar ; Mosq. N. Jersey, p. 260 (1905), Smith. Head brown, with white scales and black ones at sides; proboscis black, long and slender. Thorax golden-yellow scaled, with broad central blackish stripe. Legs black, with white bands involving both sides of some of the joints, last hind tarsal white. Abdomen purplish black, with basal white bands. “© @. Head black, covered with whitish scales and a patch of black ones on each side which sometimes mix with those of the top. Proboscis long, black, slender. Palpi black, fourth segment small, oblong, with an obtuse apex and one or two long bristles ; antennae brownish black. Thorax covered with golden yellow scales, and with a blackish central stripe which becomes diffused in the posterior portion ; pleura dark brown, with small patches of dirty-white scales. Legs black, femora yellowish underneath except near the apex, extreme apex white. The tibiae and second. and third tarsal segments of the hind legs white at both base and apex, fourth and fifth tarsal segments white at the base only, while the last segment is wholly white. In the front and mid tarsals the bands are much reduced, the second being the only one white at both ends, the others white at the base, becoming more or less obsolete on the last two segments. Ungues equal on all the legs, the fore and mid uniserrate, posterior simple. Abdomen purplish-black, with whitish bands at the base of the segments, becoming broad at the sides until, beneath, it is wholly white; banding irregular and very narrow or wholly wanting on some segments. é- Palpi black, two-thirds the length of the proboscis, the two terminal segments less than half the length of the basal seginent ; a few short hairs towards the apex represent the fan- like tufts. Antennae dark brown, the segments ringed with white and the plumes greyish-brown. Fcore and mid ungues unequal, the larger biserrate, the smaller uniserrate, hind equal and simple. Abdomen banded more broadly than in the female. VOL. IV. 2D 402 A Monograph of Culicidae. Length.—3°5 to 4:5 mm, : Habitat.—Maine, and New Hampshire, and along the Potomac - River, Maryland, U.S.A. (Dr. Dyar); Connecticut (H. L. Viereck ).” Observations—The description is drawn up from Smith’s (p. 261). I am not sure where to place it as I have not seen a specimen. The structure of ¢ palp described by, and the long thin proboscis as figured by Smith seem to preclude it from Culex, and also the larval characters. The habits of larvae, adult, etc., are partly taken from the saime source as the description. Habits of adulis—Dr. Dyar records it as very troublesome on and about the River Potomac and records its biting freely. The larva varies from 7 to 9 mm. in length, pale greyish-white in colour except head, siphon, and ninth segment, which are Fig. 170. Culex atropalpus, Coquillett. a, Siphon and anal segments ; b, labial plate ; c, scale of 8th segment ; d, scales of siphon ; e, antenna (Smith). blackish-brown. Antennae rather short, brown, with a few thorn-like spines, apex with one long and three small bristles and a small articulated peg; lateral hair-tuft of two bristles, just below the middle; labial plate broadly triangular with 9 to Genus Culex. 403 10 teeth on each side of apex, largest towards the base. Scales of eighth segment of from 28 to 35 in each patch, the scales with fine apical fringe ; pecten of siphon of a double row of 17 to 21 spines ; anal gills slender, a little longer than the ninth segment. Dr. Dyar states that the eggs are laid in patches on the rock side of the pot holes where the larvae occur, usually at a time when the water is low, and they pass the winter in this condition. They hatch in March irregularly and grow slowly, the adults maturing late in April. The eggs are black, elliptical, and coarsely reticulated. Those laid in spring hatch in three days. There are several broods. The larvae feed on green Protococcus. CULEX SUBFUSCUS. n. sp. Head brown, with pale scales, paler at the sides ; palpi of male deep brown, a narrow pale band at the junction of the two apical segments, and the antepenultimate and a narrow one on the antepenultimate segment; hair-tufts brown and _ flaxen ; proboscis with a pale band. Thorax rich brown, unadorned ; scutellum paler. Abdomen deep brown, with basal pale bands. Legs deep brown, with very narrow apical pale bands. Apical segment of palpi longer than the penultimate. é. Head deep brown, with scanty narrow-curved pale creamy scales and brown upright forked scales, sides with flat creamy scales. Palpi deep brown, the apical segment longer than the penultimate, both with lateral deep brown (flaxen in some lights) hair-tufts, and a narrow pale band at the junction of the first two segments and at the junction of the penultimate and antepenultimate, also a narrow pale band on the long ante- penultimate segment, which has long hairs on one side of its apex for some little distance; proboscis deep brown with a narrow pale band. — Thorax deep brown with narrow-curved rich brown scales, and three prominent double rows of bright brown chaetae and others at the sides, a few paler scales behind and over the roots of the wings; scutellum pale brown with narrow-curved pale creamy scales and eight bright brown to black posterior border-bristles and some smaller paler ones; metanotum deep brown. | Abdomen deep brown, basal segment brown, with two dark patches of scales, second segment with a median basal creamy 2D 2 404 A Monograph of Culicidae. spot, other segments with basal creamy bands, poll border- bristles and brown lateral ones. Legs deep brown, femora pale beneath, knee spot creamy white, all the tarsal segments except the last with small apical creamy spots or bands; fore and mid ungues unequal, both uniserrate (?), hind small equal and simple. Wings with short fork-cells, their bases about level, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, the stems nearly as Sas as the cells ; posterior cross-vein about twice its own length distant from thie mid. Male genitalia with the claspers fairly broad, not much curved, a small thin expanding lateral apical segment ; lateral Fig, 171. Male genitalia of Culex subfuscus. n. sp. process of basal lobe with three large flat spines, the median one broadest and curved hook-like apically, the basal one the smallest, foliate plate rather short and broad ; setaceous lobes large and prominent with many large broad spines and two broad flattish processes beneath them ; basal lobes with very long chaetae. Length. 5 mm. Habitat.—Moncague, Jamaica (Lord Walsingham). Time of capture.—February. Observations.—Described from a single g. The genitalia mounted in balsam. It comes near C. secutor and allies in general appearance, but may at once be told by the apical segment of the palpi being longer than the penultimate, by the Genus Culez. A05 narrow apical leg bands, and by the genitalia and unadorned thorax. The female is at present unknown. CULEX syLvEsTRIS. Theobald (1901). _Ecculex sylvestris. Theobald. Mono. Culicid. I., p. 406 (1901), Theobald; Mosq. N. Jersey, p. 248 (1905), Smith; Bull. 79, Ent. 22, New York St. Mus., p. 289-293 (1904), Felt (Ecculex sylvestris). Additional localities.— Generally throughout New Jersey State (Prof. J. B. Smith); British Columbia (Dr. Dyar) ; Connecticut (H. L. Viereck); New York State (Prof. E. P. Felt) ; Mississippi (Professor Glenn-Herrick). Observations.—The following notes are compiled from Smith’s report (pp. 250 to 255) :— “This species delights in porches and gardens, and does its - share at the end of the season in making life miserable. It bites a Fig. 172 Culex sylvestris. Theobald. (After Smith.) a, scales of eighth segment comb; b, siphon and anal segments ; c, antenna; d, siphon scales. readily but not very viciously, the results not being very painful. It occurs throughout the season, but in small numbers early in the year. It is not a migrant like sollicitans and cantator, but may spread a mile or two and even five miles, but moves individually not collectively as the two former. It hibernates in the egg stage. The eggs are deposited singly on the surface of water and sink to the bottom, or they may be placed at the edge 406 A Monograph of Culicidae. of a low pool or in moist mud. The adult lives for weeks. The larva varies greatly in size (from 6 to 8°5 mm.); when full grown they are greyish or yellowish in colour, but when young almost white save for a yellowish head ; antenna rather short, curved, thick at base, tapering apically ; lateral combs of eighth segment with 10-12-15 scales each, arranged in a double row, Fig. 173. — Labial plate of Culex sylvestris, Theobald. (After Felt.) each scale is fringed at the sides with small hairs; pecten of siphon consists of two rows of 14—18 spines, var tying as shown in the figure. The larvae occur almost everywhere in Hive J ersey, except in salt marshes and foul water. Common with C. canadensis in woodland pools and in open swamps. Not all the eggs laid by one female hatch at the same time. Pupal stage two or three days.” dak. CuLEXx ALBIPES. Lutz (1904). Mosq. do Brasil, pp. 6, 41, 72 and 76 (1904). “ Length nearly 3 mm., without the es which measures 13 mm. vn’) Proboscis.—Long, with apex enlarged, dark ‘violet: colowsil the labellae yellowish, with black base. Palpi.—Joints indistinct, yellowish at the base, with ‘a white ring, apical half black, with one end yellow, some hairs-at the base and some longer ones at the bottom of the base of the proboscis. Clypeus dull cream colour. . Antennae.—Dull yellow with whitish reflections, the large verticillate hairs dark, the small pale, both with a whitish; shimmer. | Genus Culex. A0T Occiput.—Two golden hairs project forward, darker hairs behind. Scales fusiform, narrow-curved and cream-coloured ; in the midst of these are a great number of others, erect, long, thin and bifurcated, appearing sometimes golden, sometimes dark. At the sides flat white scales which extend on to the head, where are also some hairs. Prothoracic lobes—Dark with rounded and narrow-curved scales, cream-coloured above, white below and long, thick dark hairs inclined towards the front. Mesonotum.—Dark yellow, without the microscope; the ground colour is generally fawn-coloured with very dark patches ; it has scales which sometimes appear to be nearly white, sometimes gold and sometimes dark and those on the sides chiefly black. Three bare lines and many dark chaetae with golden reflections. Pleura shiny white and dark patches forming two narrow oblique lines which resemble those of Culex pleuristriatus; the scales are pearly white and many hairs are placed in rows running in the direction of the coxae. Green is to be seen shining through different parts of the thorax, chiefly soon after metamorphosis, ete. | Scutellum.—On the middle lobe on each side are three large hairs and the same number on the lateral lobes; besides these there are other smaller hairs and scales like those on the mesonotum. Metanotum.—Large ; with a pale colourless ground colour, dark at the sides. Abdomen.—Flat above ; first segment narrow, covered with light transparent scales and yellow hairs; from the second to seventh segments the dorsum is covered with black scales, over a colourless ground, with lateral pearly white patches; these spread out from the base without reaching the apex and variable in form, sometimes triangular, sometimes square, or half-moon shaped, but with irregular margins ; pale scales prevail ventrally with pointed (? apical) dark bands. Legs.—Dark with white rings ; yellowish on the ventral side of the femora ; the white rings are narrow anda generally include the articulations. Last two hind tarsals yellowish white with some dark scales principally on the apex of the last and on the venter of the apex of the third, where they form nearly dark patches. In the mid legs the last two segments are lighter, owing to a great many transparent scales with a bronze sheen. 408 A Monograph of Culrcidae. Wings.—First fork-cell about four times as long as the stem ; the second about one and a half longer. Lateral scales long and narrow, grey; those in the middle wider, dusky bronze. The cross-veins a and b (supernumerary and mid) unite in an obtuse angle, open towards the base ; the posterior cross-vein (c) is from 3 to 4 times its own length nearer the base of the wing. Note.—Description of a female. Reared from a larva, caught in the bromelias (wild) at Itaprica (Bahia State) (Lutz).” | CULEX NIVEITARSIS. Coquillett (1904). Culex nivitarsis. Coquillett (Blanchard). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. VI., p. 168 (1904), Coquillett; Mosq. N. Jersey, pp. 227-231 (1905), Smith ; Les Moust., p. 629 (1905), Blanchard. Small (4°5 mm.) brown, first two fore and mid tarsals with pale bands involving both sides of joints; hind tarsi wholly white, except a faint dusky band in centre of three mid segments. Thorax brown. Abdomen with narrow white basal bands in 9, broader in ¢. 9. “Black, thorax and scutellum brown, first antennal joint, halteres, coxae, femora and tibiae yellow, the hind tarsi white and with a faint median brownish band on the three middle joints. Scales of palpi brown, those of the basal portion yellow, on the apex white; scales of the upper part of occiput golden yellow, on the sides and lower part chiefly white, those on the mesonotum golden yellow, on the abdomen purple, those on the extreme bases and front angles of the segments yellowish, including all on the seventh and following segments, those on the venter white. Scales of legs brown and whitish, not forming bands or spots; those on the first two pairs of tarsi brown and with white ones on the narrow bases and broad apices of the first two segments as well as on the narrow bases of the middle tarsi; scales of hind tarsi almost wholly white; all tarsal claws toothed. Wings greyish hyaline, the scales brown, lateral scales on the veins narrow and almost linear, petiole of the first sub- marginal cell about two-thirds as long as this cell; hind cross-vein about its own length (? distant from the mid.—F. V. 'T.). ¢. Palpi slender, black, a broad band at middle of first joint, and bases of the following segments white, proboscis reaching almost to apex of penultimate joint of palpi. Front and middle tarsi with one of their claws bidentate and the other unidentate, hind tarsal claws also uni- dentate; some of the brown bands on the hind tarsi quite distinct, especially the one on the third segment. Petiole of first sub-marginal cell almost as long as the cell. | Genus Culex. 409 Length—4°5 mm. Otherwise as in Q. Habitat.—New Jersey (Grossbeck). Time of hatching.—May 12th.” Observations.—Described by Mr. D. W. Coquillett from specimens reared by Mr. Grossbeck from larvae taken May 9th and 14th in rocky pools on Garrett Mountain, near Paterson. The larva is described by Smith (pp. 229-231). It is stout Fig. 174. Culex niveitarsis. Coquillett. a, antenna; b, siphon and anal segment; c, scale from comb of 8th segment ; d, scales of siphon ; e, labial plate. (After Smith.) and robust, measuring 7 to 7°5 mm., greyish-white, profusely mottled and shaded with brown. Labial plate with nine blunt teeth on each side of apex; scales on eighth segment small, about 45 in each patch arranged in three or four irregular rows, form as shown in figure. Anal siphon yellowish-brown, about 3+ times as long as broad, with spines of pecten 15 to 17 in number, broad at base with one, two or three spines, one always large. Anal gills long and bluntly pointed, 410 A Monograph of Culicidae. CULEX PALLIDOSTRIATUS. 0. Sp. Head rich ochreous brown, slightly darker at the sides ; palpi and proboscis bright ochreous, both dark at the apex. Thorax rich bright brown with two median nearly parallel pale scaled lines, and a similar coloured one on each side of the mesonotum and a median line not so pale as the others. Abdomen brown clothed with ochreous scales, the segments darker apically. Legs pale basally, femora and tibiae with black and yellowish lines, remainder brown, unbanded. 9. Head pale brown, clothed with small pale golden narrow-curved scales, bright ochreous upright forked scales, dusky lateral flat scales and then cream-coloured ones ; clypeus bright ochreous; palpi bright ochreous, a few pale apical scales and black ‘chaetae, short and dense apically, giving a dark appearance ; proboscis bright ochreous, except at the apex, where it is black, short black chaetae along the pale area ; antennae pale with dusky bands, ochreous basal segment. Thorax bright brown clothed with scanty very small curved scales of a rich golden brown, two median creamy lines nearly parallel, but just slightly diverging and then contracting in front, running from the front to the bare space in front of the scutellum, is a similar coloured line on each side of the mesonotum and just a fainter median line between the two pale ones, but the scales are similar to those of the golden brown areas, whilst the pale scales are slightly larger; chaetae golden or brown according to the light; scutellum pale ochreous, with pale narrow-curved scales and ochreous to golden border-bristles ; metanotum bright ochreous brown ; pleurae pale ochreous. Abdomen clothed with rich ochreous scales, the apices of some of the segments appearing darker in some lights. Legs pale at the base, femora and tibiae with creamy white and almost black lines; tarsal segments brown above, pale creamy below; fore and mid ungues equal, uniserrate, black ; hind equal and simple. Wings with rather short fork-cells, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, their bases about level, stem of the former about two-thirds the length of the cell ; stem of the latter about three-fourths as long as the cell; posterior cross-veins shorter than the mid, about its own length distant from it ; halteres with pale stem and fuscous knob. Length.—-6 mm. Genus Culex. All é. Thorax with similar adornment but not so pronounced as in the 9. Palpi ochreous, last two segments and apex of antepenultimate white scaled, with fiaxen hair-tufts and some dark bristles, dense dark hair-tufts at apex of antepenultimate, a few dark scales at the apices of the segments; last two segments nearly equal, some prominent out-standing spines at the apex of the antepenultimate segment. Abdomen with dark quadrilateral patches on the segments divided by a median dull ochreous line of flaxen brown. Legs as in the 9; fore and mid ungues both very unequal, both pairs uniserrate ; hind equal (and simple 2). Wings with the fork-cells short, the first sub-marginal a little longer and narrower than the second posterior, its stem nearly as long as the cell, its base slightly nearer the apex of the wing ; - TT Te Se BE RE SR ge he ER ty 5 SRE F A Bs pe om et me : : : wenger 3 ; —_ i ie a= gay oe Pers ~—e : El ce we : ile Re << e ~ “ few ee oe ae es Fig. 175. Wing of Culex pallidostriatus. ¢@. n. sp. stem of the second posterior longer than the cell ; mid cross-vein longer than the posterior which is less than twice its own length distant from the mid cross-vein. Length.—6 to 7 mm. Habitat.—Peradeniya, Ceylon (E. E. Green); India (Dr. Christophers). Time of capture.—December (in Ceylon). Observations.— Described from a female and two males. The thoracic adornment is so very marked, especially in the female, that the species cannot well be mistaken. There is evidently much variation in the abdomen, in the ? specimen it is all ochreous, in one ¢ there are two dark areas on most segments, in the other the dark areas are irregular and have many scattered pale scales. The ¢ palpi are also peculiar in their dense scaling and short thorn-like chaetae in addition to the hair-tufts. 412 A Monograph of Culicidae. CuLex pDyaRI. Coquillett (1902). Culicella dyart. Coquillett. Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. X., p. 192 (1902), Coquillett; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. X., p. 199 (1902), Dyar; Les Moust., p. 364 (1905), Blanchard; Mosq. N.Y. Bull. 79, Ent. 22, p. 306 (1904), Felt, and p.391c (Culicella dyarz), idem. Head deep brown, with a few pale scales in the middle; palpi and proboscis deep brown. Thorax rich brown, with scanty golden scales which are absent on two large median parallel stripes which do not extend quite to the scutellum and on two shorter lateral posterior areas. Abdomen almost black banded with creamy yellow. Legs brown, apices of femora and tibiae yellow, many pale scales on the under side of all the segments. | 9. Head deep brown, with narrow-curved dull grey scales in the middle, dusky at the sides, then flat dusky scales, numerous thin dark upright forked scales ; chaetae black ; palpi deep brown, with long dark chaetae and fine pale hairs, apical segment very minute, penultimate long, antepenultimate small ; proboscis .black ; clypeus black, with an apparent median longitudinal sulcus ; antennae deep brown, almost black, basal segment brown, base of second segment and top of basal one pale testaceous. | Thorax deep rich brown, with a darker median line and sides, ornamented with scales of two forms, ordinary narrow- curved ones and very minute curved ones, the former pale golden, the latter dull brown; the larger curved scales form a median line on the median dark surface, branching out on each side of the bare space in front of the scutellum, a curved line on each side starting in front of the wings, others forming an indistinct line over the base of the wings and filling up the anterior lateral areas, the spaces between the pale scales at the base of the wings looking like two rich brown nude areas similar to the two long median areas, but in reality they have very minute dull curved scales sparsely scattered over the surface ; scutellum deep brown, with narrow-curved pale golden scales and dark border-bristles, arranged on the mid lobe in two patches, two smaller hairs separating them ; metanotum black ; pleurae deep brown (nude in specimen described). Abdomen black, with basal creamy bands and pallid border- bristles. Genus Culex. A138 Legs blackish-brown, apex of femora and tibiae creamy and the ventral surface of the segments including tarsi with grey scales, seeming to be of irregular arrangement ; ungues equal and simple. Wings with typical deep brownish-black Culeaw scales ; first sub-marginal cell considerably longer and slightly narrower than LL TT noe See ee cence Fig. 176. Wing of Culex dyarit. 9. Coquillett. the second posterior cell, its base very slightly nearer the apex of the wing than that of the second posterior cell, its stem more than half as long as the cell, the stem of the second posterior cell nearly half the length of the cell ; supernumerary and mid cross-veins almost in a straight line ; posterior slightly longer than the mid, about its own length distant from it ; halteres deep ochreous with fuscous and grey scales on the knob. Length.—4 mm. to 4°8 mm. dé. Palpi deep brown, afew golden hairs at base of apical segment, others dark brown, a pale apex te the antepenultimate Sartre > - 4 “ 2 Bima ee AA Sk GABE RA EE EEE Ai Balk (ORR YD abe ice ag oe “| Fig. 177. Wing of Culex dyarit. fo. Coquillett. segment, and some white scales on its median area; the two last segments slightly swollen, the apical most so; the latter shorter than the penultimate. Ungues of fore and mid legs unequal, the larger in both biserrated, the smaller uniserrated, hind pair equal and simple. 414 A Monograph of Culicidae. Wings with short fork-cells, the first sub-marginal longer and narrower than the second posterior, its base nearer the apex of the wing than that of the second posterior cell, its stem as long as the cell, stem of the second posterior longer than the cell, which is expanded towards .the: border of the wing. Genitalia with sword-like claspers, with a very short apical segment ; median process with one large curved black tooth, a small blunt one, and a small outer acute one. Length.—4°8 mm. Sine 3 Habitat.—New Hampshire, Center Harbor ( D. W,. - Couilet Fig. 178. Male te a a ‘dyari. Coquillett. Dr. Dyn} : eaages side Nile Yark (EK. P. Felt); British Columbia (Dr. Dyar). Time of appearance. oe une (E. P. Felt). Observations.—Re-described from a 9 and two ¢’s sent by Professor E. P. Felt. It is a very marked Culex, told at once by the thoracic adornment. Mr. Coquillett says the tarsi are ringed basally, but in the specimens I have before me there is no true banding, the white scales being ventral; they appear the same in male and female and are irregular in disposition ; however, there is no true basal banding to the tarsi in any of the specimens received. Larvae were obtained by Dr. Dyar in a cold permanent spring Genus Culex. A15 in New Hampshire and in a cold stream in the woods in British Columbia. The latter pupated on May 29th. Dr. Dyar is of opinion that there is only an early spring brood. The larva has a pale brown head and stout antennae, a tuft on the outer third and the part beyond smaller. Siphon four times as long as broad, tapering rather abruptly beyond the middle. Comb of over eighty scales in about ten rows. Professor Felt figures the labial plate with eleven teeth on each side of the apical one, the third and fourth from the base the largest and furthest apart. He places this species in a new genus, Culicella (Mos., N. Y., Bull. 79, Ent. 22, p. 391, c. (1902)). It isa typical Culex in all respects. The characters he gives for this genus are merely specific, and they are even variable ones, except those of the g genitalia. CULEX CORNIGER. Theobald (1903). Mono. Culicid. III., p. 173 (1903). A male recently given me by Dr. Lutz shows a variation in the thoracic adornment; the pale golden scales form a mass on each side in front from the inwardly projecting pale scaled area ; the anterior pale areas have a brown central region. The palpi are acuminate, brown, with large pale apex, then two narrow pale bands and a larger basal one; the last two segments and one side of the anterior part of the antepenultimate with prominent hairs, those on the apex pale, some pale ones at the first small pale band, rest deep brown. Locality.—Santos, Brazil (Dr. Lutz), taken in June. This species will probably have to be excluded from Culex. CULEX QUASILINEALIS. h. sp. Head with yellowish-brown scales, darker on each side. Thorax pale brown with two dull yellowish median parallel lines, dull yellowish scales laterally, and sending a dull yellowish curved line on each side to the median parallel lines, and thus enclosing two darker areas in front. Abdomen deep brown, with basal white bands and pallid border-bristles. Legs deep brown, unbanded. 9. Head brown with narrow-curved pale creamy scales and pale flat lateral ones, deep brown upright forked scales behind, 416 A Monograph of Culicidae. paler brown ones in front and pale golden and brown hairs pro- jecting forwards. Palpi, proboscis and antennae deep brown. Thorax deep brown to black with narrow-curved scales, two lines of pale dull yellowish ones in the middle, and similar coloured ones at the sides, sending in a curved line to meet the median ones, the spaces between forming two large oval areas of seemingly darker colour ; chaetae dark brown; scutellum with similar scales and long dark brown chaetae to the mid lobe and lateral lobes; metanotum rich brown; pleurae ochreous, with some patches of pale flat scales. Abdomen deep brown with basal white bands and pallid border-bristles ; scales apparently ragged and not as closely compressed as usual. ) Legs deep brown, femora paler at base and beneath ; ungues equal and simple. Wings short; the first sub-marginal cell much longer, but very little narrower than the second posterior cell; its stem short, about one-fourth the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior about two-thirds the length of the cell ; upper branch of the fifth vein much curved upwards at its base ; posterior cross-vein about three times its own length distant from the mid cross-vein ; halteres entirely pale ochreous. Length.—5 mm. Habitat.— Adelaide (W. W. Froggatt). Time of capture.—-November. Observations..—Described from a perfect 9. The abdomen seems to be rather crumpled. The dark patch on each side of the front of the thorax seems to be partly due to shrinkage and light, as, under the two-third power, the thoracic scales look uniform. Skuse’s Culex linealis probably comes near this, but the four distinct lines of golden scales with bare spaces between, described by Skuse in linealis, at once separate it. CULEX PSEUDOMELANOCONIA. 2. sp. Head with dull golden brown scales ; proboscis unbanded. Thorax with golden scales and two median bare dark lines, the golden scales forming somewhat prominent lines on the sides of the bare spaces. Abdomen deep brown, unbanded, with golden border-bristles ; pale scaled ventrally. Legs deep brown, unbanded. Genus Culez. ALT 2. Head deep brown, with narrow-curved golden-brown scales in the middle, flat grey ones at the sides, with ochreous upright forked scales at the middle, dark ones at the sides, and flat grey ones laterally. Proboscis and palpi dark brown. Antennae and clypeus deep brown. Thorax deep brown with narrow-curved golden scales, some- what smaller over the humeral area, with two median bare lines showing as two dark areas; bristles brown, somewhat golden apically ; scutellum brown, with golden narrow-curved scales ; metanotum deep brown ; pleurae greyish-brown to brown. Abdomen deep blackish-brown with golden-brown lateral and posterior border-bristles ; venter pale scaled. Legs deep brown with violet reflections, bases of the femora pale, ungues small, equal and simple. Wings with typical deep brown Culex scales, dense on the apical portions of the veins; the first sub-marginal cell much longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior cell, its base much nearer the base of the wing, its stem a little less than half the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior nearly as long as the cell; the posterior cross-vein much shorter than the mid, about twice its own length distant from it, the mid cross-vein the largest of the three. Length.—3 mm. Time of capture.-—November. Habitat.—South Queensland (Dr. Brancroft). Observations.—Described from a single 9. It resembles a Melanoconion in general appearance, but the wing scales are of Culex type. No other Australasian species has the unbanded abdomen and unbanded legs. Cunex restuané. Theobald (1901). Mono. Culicid. Vol. IT., p. 142 (1901), Theobald; N. J. Agri. Exp. Sta. Bull. 171, p. 16 (1904), Smith. Additional localities.—New Jersey (J. B. Smith) ; Jefferson Barracks, Montana ; New York; Massachusetts (Miss Ludlow) ; New Hampshire (Dr. Dyar). Observations. —FProfessor J. B. Smith points out that the larvae of this species do not occur in foul water, but in rain- barrels. It resembles generally that of C. pipiens, but the anal tube is different in shape and the antennae have a smaller tuft of hairs VOL. IV, 2&5 418 A Monograph of Culicdae. Culex restuans. Theobald. (After Felt.) Pecten teeth. Fig. 180. a Labial plate of C. restuans. Theobald. (After Felt.) Fig. 181. Siphon and anal appendages of— 1. Culex territans, Walker ; 2. Culex restuans, Theobald. (After Felt.) Genus Culex. 419 near the base. The labial plate is also seen to be very distinct (vide figures), each side has three or four teeth, the anterior margin with seventeen to twenty-three teeth in all evenly shaped. The anal gills are long, not pointed, and with circular spots scattered over their surface. The eggs are similar to those of Oulex pipiens. No superficial differences can be detected in the egg rafts. The larvae were found in the water of an ornamental vase as late as October in Lahaway in New Jersey by Mr. Brakeley. CULEX STOEHRI. 2. sp. Head brown, paler in the middle and around the eyes ; proboscis unbanded. Thorax brown, ornamented with rather dull golden-brown scales, and showing three darker longitudinal stripes on the basal half of the mesonotum, the middle the longest. Abdomen brown with basal creamy curved patches and a few scattered pale scales. Legs deep brown, unbanded. @. Head deep brown with narrow-curved pale creamy scales, especially dense around the eyes, with creamy upright forked scales in the middle, deep brown ones at the sides, and flat creamy lateral scales (the dark upright forked scales give the head a brown appearance when viewed with a lens). Palpi brown with scattered pale scales and a few long bristles basally ; clypeus deep brown; proboscis deep brown, labellae pale ; eyes coppery red and gold; antennae brown, basal segment paler, base of second segment bright ochreous. Thorax deep brown clothed irregularly with golden narrow- curved scales, a narrow bare median line, scales paler at the sides and in front of the scutellum, the three darker areas seen with a hand lens do not show under the two-thirds power, but the scales there are fewer, narrower, and seem somewhat darker and differently disposed, chaetae deep brown to golden-brown, dense over the roots of the wings ; prothoracic lobes large with narrow- curved pale creamy scales and similar hued chaetae to the mesonotum ; scutellum deep brown with pale golden narrow- curved scales and deep brown border-bristles ; metanotum deep brown ; pleurae black with patches of small flat grey scales and groups of short pale golden hairs. Abdomen deep brown with violet reflections, semicircular basal creamy spots and grey basal lateral spots; posterior border-bristles pale brown, venter mostly pale scaled. 2 E 2 420 A Monograph of Culicidae. Legs deep brown, unbanded ; femora grey beneath, a small creamy knee spot, and a more prominent one involving the tibio- metatarsal joint ; ungues equal and simple. Wings with the first sub-marginal cell much longer and — narrower than the second posterior cell, its base much nearer the base of the wing than that of the second posterior cell, its stem one-third the length of the cell ; stem of the second posterior erence ctimnne ane me ens Fig, 182. Wing of Culex stoehrit. 9. n. sp. cell about two-thirds the length of the cell ; supernumerary and mid cross-veins not meeting exactly together, the posterior cross- vein longer than the mid, sloping backwards, and about twice its own length distant from it. Length.—-4°5 mm. Habitat.—British Central Africa (F. O. Stoehr). Observations.—Described from a perfect @. The thoracic adornment is very marked and characteristic when viewed with a hand lens, but this is not seen under the microscope ; the three darker markings being due it seems to slightly more scanty scaling and the direction of the scales. The thorax is very distinct from C. fatigans, which it closely approaches, the scales having a dull, in some lights almost fawn coloured shade. CULEX FUSCOCEPHALA. 0. sp. Head deep blackish-brown, with traces of a very small pale median area; proboscis unbanded. Thorax uniformly dusky brown. Abdomen deep brown, unbanded, but the pale border bristles giving a quasi-banded appearance. Legs brown, unbanded. ?. Head deep blackish-brown, with narrow-curved pale scales which are very scanty except in the middle line, so that the head appears dark ; flat grey and creamy grey lateral scales Genus Culex. 491 and numerous dark brown upright forked scales except in the mid line, chaetae brown ; palpi slender and small, brown scaled, with black bristles; proboscis and antennae brown; basal segment and base of second segment of the latter paler. Thorax dusky brown with two median dark lines and numerous small curved pale golden-brown scales and golden- brown bristles, the two dark lines have scantier scales than the rest of the mesonotum ; the scales paler before the scutellum ; scutellum paler than the mesonotum with paler scales and pallid border-bristles ; metanotum pale greyish-brown; pleurae pale ochreous with some dark spots in a curved line above, one larger one below. Abdomen brown, traces of some paler brown scales at the base of some segments, posterior border-bristles pale, giving a false banded appearance when viewed with a lens. Legs brown, unbanded ; femora pale grey beneath ; ungues small, equal and simple. Wings with typical Culex scales; the first sub-marginal | longer and slightly narrower than the second posterior cell, its | base nearer the base of the wing, its stem about half the length of the cell; stem of the second posterior cell rather more than half the length of the cell; posterior cross-vein sloping back- wards about one and a half times its own length distant from | the mid cross-vein. | Halteres with pale stem and expanded fuscous knob. | Length.—4 mm. : Habitats