^i

DKPAKTMKXT OF I'lll. IXTKinoK.

UKl'OUT

lIlNlTED STATES (iEOLO(il(!AL SUIIVEV

THE TEE El TORIES.

F. V. HOYDEN,

UN IT En STATES (I EOI.O<; IST-IX-CII AT. GE.

VOLUME X

WASHINGTON:

Ci O V E R N M i; NT PRINTING (> F F I C K
1 S 7 fi.

IS

0.8i »*• ^^*

LETTER TO THE SECRETARY.

Office of Unitkd Sta'iks Gkoloiucal and Geographical

Survey of the Territories,

Washing tov, Marr/i 1, 1876.

Sir: Til i)r('s('iitiiiii; to (lie ])iil)lif tlic present iiioiiogrii])h l)y Dr.
Packard, 1 teel assured not only of tlie liearty approval of all eiitoinolotrists,
but also of scieutifie men generally.

1 deem it one of the most im[)(Mlant parts of liie work of such surveys,
second only to llieir chief oliject, to seizi; upon the op[)orlunity of comijleting
such monographs as the present; otherwise, materials which individuals and
various expeditions: have been collecling, may remain for years in private or
pulilic museums, or perhaps be <lestroyed, without any systematic arrange-
ment ever having been made. But this is not the only and greatest benefit to
l)e derived from such monographs as the jtresent: it is practically useful as an
assistant in the economic entomology of our country, as this memoir emi)races
one of the most injurious groups of Lepidopteroiis insects.

These monographs also enable those who are constructing elementary
works, for the use of our colleges and schools to bring into harmony and
properly systematiz(> the whole. In tact, so great is the want that is now
felt in this respect that I have been called upon to turnish a limited number
of copies to some of our Western institutions, to be used directly in instruct-
ing the more advanced classes.

The time has come in this country when monographs, com[)le1e and
exhaustive in reference to the tield nnhraced, an* demanded : and no more
important work can now lie done in natural history than to bring out such
memoirs where the facts and material are sutHcient.

I thei-(!forc fe«l assured that not only scientists, but the entire educated
))ortion of our people, will give their hearty encouragement in this work.
Such publications are monuments which will, in years to come. j)oiiit back
to the wisdom of the liberal jiolicy adopted by ("oniiress in aiding the |M-ose-
cution oi" this Survey, and allowing it that latitude which enables it thus to
work up fully and (wliaustivrly not only the immediate materi.al obtained,

IV

hut to complf^te (lie worU in varimis groups in cases wlipre specialists are
jiicparfd to do so.

Other monographs are in an advanced state of" preparation, based on
the collcictions o(" tlie Survey, whicli will he printed as soon as they can he
rendered more complete Iiy fartiier investigations in the field.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

F. V. haydp:n.

United States Geologist.
lion. Z. Chandler,

Secretartj of the Interior.

UNlTliD STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OE THE TERRITORIES. .^tZu^ ^ /f^ /f^

«^

^

MONOGRAPH

(iEOMETRll) MOTHS Oil PllAL/ENlDiE

UNITED STATES

By a. S/ PACKARD, Jr., M. D.

WASHINGTON:

U O V K K N M E N T PRINTING OFFICE.

^^^^^"'

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pagp.

Iiitrodiictioii ^

S.vnouymy of the family '

History of the family '-1'^

Ditt'ereutial characters of the family 15-li>

Comparative anatomy of the head lh-23

Comparative auatomy of the thorax 23-2)*

Auatomy of the male genital armatnre 2?^-32

Comjiarison with other families of Lepiiloptera 32-35

Internal anatomy of the larva 35-36

Habits of the species •^'5

Development of the thorax of the imago '5'

Secondary sexual characters of the imago 3ri-42

Origin of the genera and species 4'.-, 43

Mimicry of natural objects - - ■ ■ *!•?. "l-l

Terminology ■'^

Description of the genera and sjiecies ^•'

Geograiihical distribution of the PhaUenidte of the United States 567

Bibliography - '"'^

Index -''^^

Peatjody Academy of Science,

Salem, Mass'., August 10, 1S75.

Dear Sir : I beg leave to transmit to von a moiiograpliical account of
the North Ainerican species of Geoinelrid moths. The material which was
collected hy Lieut. W. L. Carpenter, in Colorado, in 1873, while attached to
yonr party, and hy others in the same l^erritory, added to extensive collec-
tions received from the I'acitic States, as well as the Atlantic States, have
made me anxious to treat tlic snhjfTt more thoroughly, and eidarge iipon tlie
slight sketch pul)lished in your Annual Report for 1874.

That I can do this in the jjresent fonn is (Uk; to your enlightened inter-
est in the connection of biological with geological and geographical science.
By an attentive study of the insect fauna of the plateaus and mountains ol
Colorado and adjoining Territories, we are led to comparative studies of tin'
piiysical features of those regions with the elevated plateaus of Asia. Tin;
com[)aratively ll'w specimens ])reviously received from Colora(h> indicate a
similarity in its fauna to the Ural aiul Altai ]\Iountains. most striking and
unexpected to myself, and perhaps to most persons.

Besides the relations to comparative physical geography and the; geo-
graphical distribution of animals, it is l)elieved that an extended exandnation
of th'e existing insects of the Western States and Territories will throw light
on the extinct forms which al)ound in the Tertiary formation in those regions,
and which have been jwrtially worked up by Mr. S. H. Scudder, the eminent
palentoniologist, on materials discovered within the limits of Colorado and
Utah. For this purpose in part, at least, much attention has been devoted
in the illustrations accompanying this rep-ort to the venation (if the wings of
each genus of the family, as well as to Ihe anatomy of file hard parts of these
insects which are more likely to be preserved fossil.

From an economical point of view, a systematic account of the species

of this family, comprising the measuring or span worms, so many of which

are injurious to vegetation, will.it is hoped, prove useful to agriculturists;

and it is Ijolieved that a volume on these injurious insects, largely represented

1 p II

2

in I lie Western States, for lully otie-lmlf if not more of my material has
come from llii' Western States, will not he out of place in a series of works
illustrative <il' tlie exliuet and living auimals, now in course of publication
under your direction.

In closing, allow me to express my appreciation of the impetus you have
already given by the reports published under the auspices of the survey to
our knowledge of the insects of tin; Rocky Mountains, and to thank you for
the kind interest you have taken in the preparation of this work, and for the
incnuised value you have given it by extending to me the hospitalities of the
survey for a few \\eeks in Colorado and Utah during the present season.
1 have thus l)een enabled to add greatly to the usefulness of the essay to
western entomologists.

I am, sir, with much respect, yours, very tridy,

A. S. PACKARD, Jr.

Prof F. V. IIayden,

Geologlst-in-cliarge of the U. S. Geological and

Geographical Survey of the Territories, Washington, D. C.

INTE(3DITCTION

■ Tho Phala-nida' arc a laniily «>1' mollis of ijrcaf cxlciit. There arc ciiflit
hiiiulriMl species of lliis family ciinmciafed in StaiuliiigiT and Wocke's Cata-
logue of Ihe Lepidopleia of Europe. In tlH> pn'sml work, between three
and four lunidred species are. (lescrihed, and it is not unlikely that nearly a
thousand species will be Ibund on the continent north of IMexico and the
West Indies. The limits to which this work is conlined an; all of America
north of Mexico and the West Indies, z.c, all north of Ihe southern boundary
of tko United States, includini< IJrilish America, Arctic America, and fJreen-
land, as the latter beh)nirs to the same (cireumi)olar) fauna as Arctic Amer-
ica, while the insects of the coast of Northern l>abrador are in many cases
identical witii those of Greenland.

1 will now enumerate the sources from which iny material has been
(leiived, beginnin -; with the Arctic regioiss, Lal)rador, British America, and
going down by way of the alpine summits and low^lands of New England to
the Middle and Southern Atlantic States, thence to the Southeastern States,
to the Trans-Mississippi States, to Colorado and the Rocky Mountain region,
closing with the Pacitic region, beginning with Vancouver Island and ending
with Southern California. The acknowledgments are made in this order in
givins{ the habitats of the diiferent species:

1. Specimens of geometrid larva' and adult Glancop(eri/.r {unn Polaris
Bay, Northern Greenland, collected by Dr. E Bessels, the scientist of the
United States Polaris Expedition. Specimens from Greenland, Iceland,
Lapland, and the Swiss Alps, named and forwarded by Dr. O..Staudinger.

2. Collections made in Southern Lal)rador, Straits of Belle; Isle, l)y
myself and members of the Williams College Expedition to Laljrador and
Greenland, in 1860. Larger collections made by myself along the coast,
linm the Straits of Belle Isle to Hopedale, with specimens received from
Okkak, Labi-ador, tln'ouirh the Moravian missionaries.

3

4

;5. Collections made in llic alpiiic, snbalpine, and lower regions of
Mount Washington, New ILuni)sliirc, hy JMcssrs. F. G. Sanborn, 8. II.
Scudder, 11. K. Moni.-on, and niyself; al.-^i), a small nundicr taken on the
Saskatclicwan Kiver, British America, by Mr. Scudder, and a lew species
from Quebec, collected l)y Prof. F. X. Belanger, with a collection from
London, Canada, accompanied by notes on the early stages by Mr. William
Saunders.

4. Collections made; in the New England States by Dr. T. W. Harris
and Rev. Mv. Leonard, and contained in the Museum of the Boston Society
of Natural History, with unpublished notes of dates of capture and localities,
which I have been freely allowed to use. The specimens in the Museum of
the Peabody Academy of Science, Salem, the Museum of Comparative Zool-
ogy, and collections made by Messrs. F. Gr. Sanborn, H. K. Morrison, C. S.
Minot, S. H. Scudder, S. E. Cassino, Frank Very, G. Dimmock, F. W. Put-
nam, A. E. Verrill, S. I. Smith, C. G. Atkins, F. S. Scribner, S. H. Peabody,
L. W Goodell, J. H. Emerton, and myself.

fi. Collections iVoni the Middle Atlantic States, from the American
Entomological Society, Mr. A. R. Grote, the late Dr. Brackcnridge Clemens,
Messrs. James xVngus, J. A. Lintner (whose fine series have been of special
interest and value), Mr. Meske, Mr. Stultz, Mr. Graef, Mr. Smith, Professor
Comstock of Cornell University, the Kentucky Geological Survey, Prof
N. »S. Shalcr in charge, a few species collected by Mr. F. G. Sanborn, assist-
ant on the survey, I he Agricultural Department at Washington, D. C, through
Prot. T. Glover, and I\Ir. Dodge, Mr. T. L. Mead, and W. H. Edwards.

(j. A few species in the Museum of the Peabody Academy of Science,
SaUim, from I\lichigan, collected by Dr. Clark ; collc(;ti()ns from Detroit,
I\Iicli., made l)y Mr. Swarz of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cani-
l)ri(lge, and a small collection I'rom Racine, Wis., from Dr P. R. Hoy.

7. A lew species I'rom the Southern Atlantic Slates, in the Harris
cabinet, jjoslon Society of Natural History.

8. Large; colleclions in the 3iiiseum ol'tlu^ Peabody Academy of Science,
Salem, Mass., containing my types of new species from Bosque County, Texas,
collected by G. W. Bell'rage, and from 1 )allas, Texas, through Mr. Boll. 1 have
also had the |)rivneu:i' ol' examining the types of a few Texan species, described
by Professor Zeller, and contained in the ^luseuni of Comparative Zoology.
i have idso received tlie larva' and notes on a few .species from ]\Ir. Belfrage.

5

9. Collections troni the Wi'slcni States mul Tenilories lieyoiul I he
Mississippi Kiver, made \>\ Jjeiit. W. L. Carpenter, atlaclieil in IST,") 1o
I'ldl'essoi- llayden's Geological Survey of llie Teiiituries, and dnrin<i; the
same S(>ason l)y Mr. T. L. Meail.and diirinir llie summer of ISTf) liy myself in
Colorado and I'tali. under tlie aus[)ices of Professoi- Hayden's Survey. C(d-
lections from Colorado, from Mr. J. Ividinirs, and tlie Deinirlment of Aiiri-
culture at Washington, and in Lawrenee, Kans., Iiy Prof. F. H. Snow of tlie
University of Kansas.

10. Very large eolleetions in line order from tlif Paeilie States, rec<'ived
from Messrs. Henry Edwards and James lielirens, willi the eoneclions made
in \'ietoria, Vaneoujei-'s Island, and CaHl()rnia, l)y the late j\Ir. G K ("rotch,
and now contained in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, together wilh a
nund>er collected in Caliii)rnia by .Mr. Alexanch-r Agassiz, and a few received
from ^Ir. Junius Hollemau. 'Vo all tiiese institutions and genth'men, as well
as to any others who may have been omitted in this enumeration, are (bie my
siueen; thanks.

Good collections ()fEuro|)ean generic types have been received through
the kindness of Professor P. C. Zeller and Dr. O. Staudinger. These have
been indispensable to me, and saved me some mistakes otherwise unavoi<l-
able.

While in France in 1872, M. Guenee most generously threw opiMi his
entire collection of this family fm- my inspection and comparison ol' speci-
mens, taken with me tor the ixirjjose, with his types. I am also indebted to
the late Dr. J. E. Gray, and Mr. Frederic Smith of the British Museum, lor
the privilege of examining \Valker's types. The species thus examined with
European and other types are indicated in the synonymy thus : !!!. Those
species recognized l)y me at sight, but not compared, are iiulicated l)y a
single mark of exclamation. I have also had drawings made of the remain-
ing types of the late ]\lr. Walker, with the kind permission of Dr. A. Giinf her,
keeper of the zoological department of the British Museum, the work of th(;
artist having l)een kiiully superintended by Mr A. G. Butler, assistant in the
museum. By the liberality of these gentlemen I have been enabled to
identify all of Walker's types >i«jc to be found in tin; British ]\Iuseum: for
several species, stated by him as being in the national coUe(;tion, were not to
be found. Descriptions of those .species of Guenee and Walker, which I
have l)eeu unable to determine, but which 1 have seen and regard as good

«

6

spt'cii's, are reprinted, so as to give completeness to the work. I am also
in(l('l)1c<i lo Messrs. A. 1\. Grote, H. K. Morrison, C. S. Miiiot, and Dr. L.
Ilarvey for the examination oi" their types.

The plates illnslrating the venation and external anatomy have l)e«m
drawn i)y Mr. S. M Cassino, under my superintendence. The figures in
plate I were drawn l)y myseli' with tiic camera lucida; those of the other
nlates were; drawn in tlie sauji^ manner by Mr. Cassino. Most of tiie fiijnrcs
are e.xact copies ol the camera-drawings; a lew have been reduced l)y pho-
tography. l\v this method it is believed that the drawings are at least
approximately correct. In every case I have carefully revised the drawing of
the artist. The drawings of the parts of the thorax on plate 7 were drawn by
Mr. Cassino with the camera, and then carefully corrected from the sjicci-
mens ; but, after all, these drawings of the thorax must be regarded as partly
diagrammatic, as they are quite ditiicult to represent in outline. The work,
of Mr. L. Trouvelot, of Cambridge, Mass., who drew the moths, speaks tiir
itself

While tliis work is based largely on material contained in the museum
of the Peabody Academy of Science, wherein are contained the tyi)es of
u(;arly all the new species described l)y me, 1 should state that this work has
l)een done as an officer of the Academy ; and to the enlightened views ol'tlie
trustees, who believe that one of the primary objects of the institution is
the iulvancement of science by the publication of original memoirs, I am
indebted for the time placed at my disposal in the preparation of this
monogra])h ; the funds of the Academy l)eing too limited to warrant tiie
publication of so extended a paper in its memoirs. I also owe much to the
kind siiiiii^estions and encouraufement of Prof. F. V. Havden, durinsi: the
preparation and publication of the work.

An essay on the geograjihical distriijiition of the PluiUenulai of this
country, and a list of works referring to the family, will follow the descrip-
tion of the species.

Peabody Academy of Scienck,

iSalcm, j'l/c/.vi-., Aug. 10, 1875.

A MONOGRAPH

THE PHALENID.E OF NOR'IH AMERICA.

§ 1. — Synonymy of the Family.

Gcomctia- Lixx., Syst. N:it., od. x, .'ill), 1758.

Phalaiiw F.VBR., Kill. Syst.. 1"'.>:!.

Gtometne Cuviek, Tableiiu (Element, do I'liist. iiat. 1798.

Geomelrw Denis and Schike., Syst. Verz. Wieu. Geg., i, :!r>«, IfiOl.

" rituhrHite« Latkeilu:, Hist. Nat. d. Ins., iii, 411, 1802."- AG.is.s., Nouk'ii.

I'hah'iiilcs Latr., Gen. Cru.st. Insect., iv, 220, 1807.

PlidldtUcs L.VTR., Cousiddrations, 360, 1810.

" I'haloiiides Le-\CH, Edinb. Eneyc, ix, i;i4, 1815."— Agass., Nomen.

Geomctra' HtJnu., Teutami ii, 1810, or earlier, perhaps 1800 or 1810.

Gconietrw HiJBN., Verz., i&i, 1818.

Phalanida- Leach, in .Samonelle's Cotup., 252, 1819.

Flialaiitci L.vri!., Families R;-f;iio An., 477, 1825.

Genmvtru; Treitschke, Scbni. Eur., vi, 1, 1827.

Vhah'nihs Dl'POXCHEL, Hist. Nat. Lep., iv, 103, 1829.

(Itomelridw and Fhulmiidw Curtis, Brit. Ins., 33, 1823-40.

Gcometrida; Stephens, Nomen. Brit Ins., 43, 1829.

Geometrw BoiSD., Gen. et Index, 177, 1840.

PlKiUvnariw Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapponica, vi, 890, 954, 1840.

Gcometridcs Heur.-Scii., Syst. Bearb. Sc-bm. Eur., iii, 1847.

Geomelroidtv Lederer, Eur. Spanner, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wieu., 172, 1853.

Phalciiites Gi:en., Pbal., i, 2,5, 1857.

Geomehites Walk., List' Leji. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 1, 1800.

§ 2. — History of the Family.

Ill 1758, Linne, in "Editio decima, refor?nata,'' of hi.s " Sijstema NatHra"
includes all the moths below the genus Sp/ih/.r in Ihe groups I'ludd'tut Bom-
bijx, Phalcuna Noctua, I'halcena Geomctra, rhutccm J'ljra/is, I'/ialccnu Tinea,
ami Phakena Alucita. The Geo?fietrce an; divich'd into Gcometroi jxictinatoi
and GcotnetrcB net iconics.

These divisions are still further subdivided on the characters afforded
liy the shape of the hind wings, whether angulated or not. Tlx- names oi
the species with i)ectinatcd antennae end in aria, and tho.s*- with simple

8

aiitoiina' in nfa. Tliis cdstom lias been followed ft)r the most part l>y siibse-
qiieiit authors, and is a eonvcnicncc

Tlie succession of genera is as follows, a(k)i)tini? iiiodern generic names:
lodis Idclcaria; then follows Drejmna falcutaria,ii Bombjcid moth; lhrq)tciyx
aambucaria ; Drcpana laccrtinaria, also a Bombycid; Evgonia (dnidria, and
allied ibrms ending with the Pjuropean Geometra pajyiUonaria. The Seti-
rornes begin with A'enio/ia virixhitd and end with Cheimalohia hrvmala. Tliis
division inclndes some Pyralids, and it will l)e seen that the arrangement is
essentially an artificial one, c.\ce|)t that on the whole the disposition of spe-
cies agrees with present classitications ; those comprised in the Zlrapteryno:
and EnnomincB standing ai)ove the Geomclrinoi.

In 17i)3, Fabricius, in the " Entomologica Systematica,'^ simply followed
Linnteus in dividing the genus Phalcena into two sections: 1. Antcnnis pccti-
nafis: 2. Antt-iinis aetaceis. His first division begins with lodis latearia, and
the second division includes besides the Phalae>nids with simple antennte, the
PlalyptericirKC, and the Deltoid moths. It will be seen that he simply fol-
lows the arrangement of Linna?ns.

In 1801, Denis and Schiifermiiller, in their celebrated work '' Sysle-
malisches Verzeichniss von den Schmett'erUngen der Wiener Gegcnd^'' made
the following arrangement of the Phalmiulce, based on the lai-val characters.

The group termed Geometra, Linn. {Phalmym, Fabr.), is divided into
the following subdivisions :

I. Larva: pedibm duodcciiii, subdivision A beginning willi Metrocampa
marguritarki.

II. Lanm jmlibus decern, subdivisions A to P, group A beginning with
Geomclra jiapilwnaria and ending w ith Acidalia ornata, group P beginning
witli Pc/ropliora dotata.

Much iault may be found with this arrangement, but it is fhe first
attempt to give a natural arrangement founded on the larval stages. The
divisions I and II ar(' unnatural ones, as in the genus Anuoptrrijx we have
one species {A. poiiictarin) hitherto regarded as being scarcely more than a
variety, which has rudiments of a third pair of abdominal feet, and the other
{A. vernatu) entirely without such ludimeiitary appendages. The same
group P, besides several species of iV>-op//ojv/ and JcvV/r/Z/r/, re.'<j)ectiv{'!y, con-
tains Pel lull id vibicuria.

In 1807, Latreille (Genera (Jrustaceorum et Insectorum, iv), under the

9

fainily-Uiinic rhalrniti's (wliich I Iranslatc into I'htilcenidce), hiiolly classififs
Hk; specicfi of P/ia/a'na, i)rojH)sing no iiinv <,'('iicrif divitiion, hiil slates thai
from the larval cliaraclcrs the Caiuily should l)c divided into three; jreiiera.
The first is I'lati/pteryx, Laspeyres {Drepanu, Schrank) ; tiie other two groups
(II, Eruca jndibus duodccim ; 111, Eruca pedibus decern) corrcsj)on(ls to the true
riuthi'itida'. The second (uiuiaiiied) genus comprises the uioderu irer ra
Metrocunipa and EUopia ; and the ttiird (unnamed) genus (subdivided into five;
sections) begins with Urapteryx .sambucaria and ends with Hybcrnia drfoli-
ana; the genera between are arranged with little regard to the natural system,
and in this respect the arrangement is inferior to tlial of Linnajus.

In 1810 (Considerations), he followed the same arrang(mient.

In IHlo, Leach, in the Edinburgh Encyclopa;dia, proposed the name
P/i(dce»ides fov the family, according to Agassiz's ^'Noincnclator;" \n\\ I have,
not seen his arrangement oltlie genera.

Previous to the year IBK), IIul)ner published on a single sheet his
" TeMtanwny Tiieri- is no date on it. To Jlr. Scudder we are indebted for
calling attention to this pid)lieation. Says Mr. Scudder, " It is twice referred
to 1)y Hiibner himselt : once in tlu; preface to his Vei-zeklmiss, wriWcw in
181G; and again, in 1818, in the preface to tlu; first century of his Zuttiigey
TJic part relating to the Phala^nids is here rejjrinted.

Phalanx V. — GEOMEXEiE.
Tribiis I ; aniplcB.
I. Hyla'se — Hyhea Fasciauia.
II. Terpme — Terpne Paiiilioiiaria.
III. Eusarca^ — Eusarca Elinguaria.
W . Lares — Lars Sand)ucaria

V Eutrapelse — Eutrapela Lunaria.
VI. Erastria — Erastria Amataria.

Tribus II ; tetaies.
1. Cychjphora' — Cyclophora Pendularia.
II. Spilotse — Spilotc Grossulariata.

III. Sphecodit — Sphecodes Pusaria.

IV. C'hlenasta — Chlenastes Piniaria.
V. Sciadia — Sciadion Funata.

VI. Oymatopliorae — Cymatophora Rol)oraria.

10

Trihiis III; cequivocce.

I. Pacliyes — Paclijs Prodromaria.

II. Epirrita' — Epiirita Diliitata.

III. Rheiimapti;iiL' — Rheuiiiaptcra Hastata. i

IV. Hydriffi — Hjdria Undulata.

V. Petrophoite — Petrophora Mseuiata.

There is no good reai>oii why these names should not stand, as observed
by Dr. L. Harvey as well as by Mr. Scudder,* who called the attention o("
entomologists to this neglected publication.

In 1818, Hiibnerf published the part of the ^^Verzeichnisa'' relating to
the J'/iahenidce, whicli are grouped under tlie name Geomefra', forming his
" P/iaianx quintal He divides the group into three tribes, the tribes into
■stiri)s, and the latter ink) families,, genera, and species.

Tribe I, stirps i-ii comprises the modern Gro/ncfr/inr ; .stirps iii, part of
Guenee's Enito/iiidce ; stirps iv contains the Uranides,i\m\ a part of the Eniio-
m'nuc ] stir])s v comprises the Fkloniince, some Enno?ni)ic£, and Scmiuthisa;
stirps vi comprises, among other genera, Lythria, Hmmatopis and Calothysarm.

Tribe II, stirps i contains, among other genera, Codonia ; stirps ii,
OrthustixLs, Kkyparia, Pantliera, Bajjfria, etc. ; stirps iii comprises certain
Jcidali/ue and the Caberincb\ slirps iv comprises the Hiibnerian genera
Scoto])te/i/.i; C(d(isci(i, Ascotis, Di/scia, etc. ; stirps v comprises Cymatophora,
or Guenee's Boaiinidce.

Tribe III, stirps i compris^'s the modern genera Amp)hidasys, Bisfon,
PhigaUa, Nyssia^ etc.; stirps ii contains Operopldcra, Oporima,Hydriomena,'
Trichopteryx^ the groups represented by Eupiihecia, etc. ; stirps iii includes,
among other genera, Me/mi/ppe ; stirps iv comprise Calocalpc, Pkrocymia,
etc., and Glaucopteryx ; stirps v, and last, Ockyriu. Lygris, Carsia, Lifho-
stegc, etc.

From tliis arrangement it will l)c seen that Hlibner placed the Geome-
liincc above (>ven Urun'ui and the Ennomida; of Guenee. while his third tribe
is a mixture of certain of Guenee's Boarmldcc with the Larentldcc. Here

• Bulletin Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., March, 1874.

1 1 ac.cc'i>t Mr. Scudchtr'.s (liscov<;ry that " page 74 of tbo rtrzck-hnisn, or, in otber words, its iif'lU
signature, ami all following II, <M)nkl not li.-ive lieeu printed before two years after the Ver^dvhiii.-iK is
dated." Historical Skeleb of the Generie Names propo.sed for Biittiirflies. Proceed. Amer. Acad., x (ii),
1S75, p. ;t7.

11

auain. (llaucoplcriix is phiced al»ovc Oirsia iuid Lithosfcge, tluiugli cNidnitly
lower lliaii tlic latter t\v(i genera.

The iffcal merit of lliil)iier's classilicatioii is liis recognition of many
subdivisions of tin' liuuilies (in Lalreille's sense) of the Lepiih>|itcra. and the
snl)divisinn into groups which correspond to mo(h'rii ideas ot a genus. I
have found it necessary to set aside many moih'rn genera, and adojjt lliih-
uer's names for them as fairly entitled to recognition.

In 1S19. Saniouelle, in the "Entomologists' Useful Compcnidium," gave
the i(.)llowing arrangement: rhahmlda:, stirps i, larva with twelve feet,
Pluilccnu margarifana ; stirps ii, larva w^itli ten (wA, Hipparckus, Biqndus,
Geoiiiefra, Ourapteri/x, Biston, Abiuxan.

In 182o, LatreilU', in his ''Families Naturelles,'^ left out of his VhiiUe-
nifex, whicli he regards as simply a tribe of liis linnily A'ocfurnn, end)racing
all the moths below the Sphinges, the Pldfyptencina;, and followed the same
arrangement of the true Phalcsnidce as he proposed in l>-()7.

T\ni Phala/iik'.s avo strangely placed between the yo/V/vVT.v, com|irising
the modern Deltoids (in part) and Pyralid.s (in part) and (' ramhiteti .

Latreille's arrangement as regards the succession of genera is certainly
nuich inferior to that of Lim)a?us, and his conceptions of the families of the
Lepidoptera much less carefully elaborated than in other orders of insects.
In the "Families Naturelles" he retrogrades in his views regarding a iiiniily,
as applied to the Lepidoptera, as since 1807 he considers the Phakmiks as
tbrming the '' Familia octuva" of the Lepidoptera.

In 1827, Treitschke, in the continuation of Ochsenheimer's " SchmeUer-
linge von Eurojja'\ uses the term Geomdra: for the group, and makes no sub-

■o"-

divisions above genera. He beirins the description of the genera with
Enuomos, and the rennuning genera follow on, thus: Acmna {UnqHeryx),
Ellopki, (lcomctra,Aspilatcs, Cwcallis, Gnophos, Boanina,Amphuliis7js, P.soclos,
Fulunm, Cliesias, Cabcra.

In 1S29, Diiponehel, in the '' Histoirc Naturelle (les Lrpidopthrs dt^s
France', IV, proposed the following division of the VhaUmklm into forty-

eight genera

I. Chenilles a quatorze pattes — Rumia.
11. Chenilles h douze pattes — Metrucnwpa.

III. Chenilles a dix pattes— £«fflo»/«.s-, Jliiiura, Cioadt'is, Angrnma
Euri/mcnf, Acentia, PhUohia, Epione, Tr'nnandra, Heiiiif/ira, Gfometra, Am-

12

phidmix, Ni/saia, Fhigalia, Hibemia, Doannia, Halia, Fidonta, Ligia, Nu-
inerla, Cabera, Ephrjra, Dosifhca, Acidalia, Jspiiafes, PcUoniu, Cleogenc, Plui-
siane, Euholia. Ourapfe/y.r, Gnoplios, Vcnllia, Zeirnc, Corycia, Mehnitlda,
Melaiuppc, Cidaria, Anaitis, Larentia, A/naihia, Ckesias, Strenia, T'anagra,
F.<odos', Siona, Minoa.

It will be seen tliat the arrangement, based on tbe larval stages, is an
artificial one, and op(;n to the same objection as,tbat of Denis and Schiffer-
miiller. It begins with the Ennoniincn (in part) ; Geometra is placed above
Hibcrnia &nA Boar/nia ; Acidalia and Aspilales arc l)rought together; and Ura-
pteryx succeeds all these, while Gnoplios is widely separated from Boarmia.
The Laientince come last and lowest, with the exception of Tanagra (Bapta),
Siona, and Minoa and Cidaria, which shonld really precede the genns La-
rentia {Glaucopteryx, Fetrophora). Duponchel includes the Noctuid genus
Ligia in the family, placing it between Fidonia and Numeria.

In the same year, Stephens published "The Nomenclature of British
Insects'', a simple list with many new genera. He proposes the terni Geo-
metridce for th(^ family, but does not attempt a subdivision of it.

The succession of genera is l^ere given. A few new genera are indi-
cated (n. g.), but not named. Fsychophora, Speranza, Fidonia, Bupalus,
Anisopteryx, Lampetia, Ampliidasis, Biston, Metra, Crocallis, n. g. (Eiinoinos
bide/I tata), Geometra, FericaUia, n. g. (Hijiparchus Frunaria), n. g. (Euno-
mos cratcegata), Ourapteryx, Phalcena, Ellopia, Hipparchus, Chora, Aids,
Hemerophila, Boarmia, Grammatophora, Azinephora, Cabera, Cyclophora,
Bradyepetes, Aspilates, Larentia, Cidaria, Harpalyce, Steganolophia, Electra,
Idtta, Abraxas, n. g. {Xerene melanariu), Xerene, Ypsipetes, Fhibalaj)teryx,
Scotosia Triphosu, n. g. {Acidalia bilineata), n. g. {Acidalia undulata), Cha-
rissa, Fachycnemia, Lozogrumma, Ai^ocera, Chesias, n. g. (Cbesias simulata),
n. g. Acidalia diluiata, Cheimatohia, Lobophora, Eupithecia, Minoa, Baptria,
Emmeksia, Hercyna, Hyria, Ftychopoda, Alacaria, Ennomos.

The arrangement is very objectionable, beginning with Fsychophora,
Speranza and Fidonia, and ending with Macaria and Ennomos; Cidaria, Har-
palyce, Electra, and Eupithecia preceding Macaria. The merit of the; work is
in the propo.sal of desirable new genera, though in this he and Duponchel, as
well as Curtis and Treitschke, have ignored Hiibner. Whether Stephens's
work appeared Ixifore Duponchel's fourth volume or not is not know^n. Du-
ponchel's names should, of course, have priority, since the descriptions and

13

ii<riin's arc given: and llicwork iiiiisl liavc hccii prrpaivd l)illirc tlial ol
Steplions, as it is a part of an extended work.

In is;;i, Stephens, in his " llhist rat ions," proposed several new tjeiiera.
In isio, lioisdiival, in the "Genera et Index Mcthodus Euiopccorain Lv
pidoptcrorum,'' enumerates litl\-nine genera under the head Gcomctrce, pro-
posing a few new oiu/s himself. No subdivisions of the GeomeJrce are
proposed. The grou|) l)egins with Heliothc.a uiul Cleogcne; then f()llows
Geoineira, and its allies Mitrocampn. Ump/eii/.v, etc. A part of the modern
Larcnthue come befor(! Ephijm and Acidalia, while at the end are placed
Sioud, SthaneUa, Odez'nt, Torula, Psodos, Fijgnuena, Anthometra, and lastly
Minoa. ll will be seen that the arrangement has little merit.

In 1S47, Herrich-Srhaeller proposed a new classification of the family
in iiis '■'■ Syxtematisrhc Bearbeitiing drr Schmetterlinge von Europa." He
divides il, under the name Gro/neirides, into two divisions:
I. Phi/lometridcs.
II. Dendrometridcs.

The latter comprises Anlsopteri/x, Li/Unia, S/errha, Minoa, Hydrdia,
Eupithecia, Larentla, Cheimotobla, and Chesins. \\\ the remaining genera,
of which there are filty-two, are included in the Fhytome.trldes.

The arrangement of these genera is not satisfiictory, and many wcU-
dtifined genera are regarded as sul)genera by tlic author. It is needless to
remaiiv that the division into Pit ytoviel rides and Dendroinetrides is essentially
arlitleial.

In 18 .0, Stephen's "List" of the Lepidoptera in the British Mnseum
ap[)eared. It is a new list, but notable from his adoption of Ilubners genera.
He divides the family into nineteen subfamilies. Tlu; arrangement of the
genera is quite unnatural.

In 1853 appeared hedwcvs ''Versuc/i die curojn'/isc/ien Spanner." This
was by liir the most carefully prepared win-k that had hitherto appeared on the
Euro[)ean s[)ecies of tiiis family. The genera are carefully described, especial
stress being laid on characters drawn from the venation. A nunii)er of new
genera are proposed, some of which, however, I have felt oi)lige(l to set aside
on account of (heir having, in my judgment, been pre-,occupied by lliibner's
names. He divides the family into four groups, without naming tln-m.

Group I comprises (he (reometridoi of Guenee. Group II is my Acida-
linm. Group III comi)rises the Enrioniidce, Ampliidarida', Boarmidce, Cube-

14

7-idce, MacuiiiUe, Fidoiuda', Zeirnida^, itiid Hibcnudtc of Gucm'e. Group IV
is nearly equivalciif to Giienc'e's Larentida, except that Lythrin is contained
in it, and it, also embraces Cheimatohla. and ends wltli Eupitliena.

Wliile there are many good features in this classification, and the genera
are carefully described, T can see no good reason Ibr placing tlie Geometrce
higher than the Ennoyninoe, or for placing his second group above the fliird.

The last important work is the excellent general treatise on this family
by A. Guenee. It appeared in 1857. It is the most useful work that has
ap])eared, and it is of special value to entomologists in this country from the
large number of American species described in it. The generic characters
are given with considerai)le fullness, and the characters drawn from the larvae
and i)upjB are valuable as being the first attempt to use them in conjunction
with the imaginal characters.

jr. Guenee's classification is as follows: He divides the family UranideSy
which he regards as a group equivalent to the Noctuidcc or PhalcBnidce, into
the following families:
I. Cydimonidce.
II. Uraiddai.

III. Ni/ctulemonidoi. *

IV. Sematuridca.

The Phalcnites of the globe are sul)divi(led into twenty-six families, as
follows : Umj>teryd(e, Ennomidcc, CEnochromida>, Amph'idasydce, Boarmidce,
Boletobkl(B^ Geometridce, Mlcor.end(C, Palijadfe, Ephyridcp,, Acidalidce, Micro-
nidce, Caber Ido', Macaridoe, Fidonida', Hazidce, Zereuidce, Ligid(e, HybernidcB,
LarenUdm, EuhoUdcB, Sionidce, Hedylidfe, Eniteiyiiukc, Evqdocida;, Hypo-
chrosidoe.

While I would not regard these groups as of sufficient importance to be
considered as l;iniili(!s; in the succession of the genera, and the recognition of
the groups to which the learned author 'applies fiimily names, I cannot but
regard this as the best classification hitherto presented, while it is the most
elaborate work (ui the family that we have. It must always remain a classic.

It will l)e seen that I have in the main followed M. Guene'e's arrange-
ment of genera. It should be borne in mind that my ariangeraent is based
mainly on a study of North American species, with the aid of European types,
while Guenee's work includes species from the tropics of both hemispheres
and Australia, as well as China, and, in fact, the globe. Whether the changes

15

propo.st^d ill llir lolldW iiii;' rhissiliciitioii will sliiiid, I'ciiiaiiis In lie (Irlriiiiiiicil
by any one who may iiiidiTlakc to clalioialc lln' I'lialaiiid taiiiia ol ihc world.
I have vcnliirod only alter carclul oltseivalioii ol' anatomical liids to unite
some ol" M. Guenee's families into larger groups, which may inovisionally he
regarded as subfamilies. All through my work, the elaborate monograph of
M. Gueuee has been my chief guide. The .students of moths are under
greater obligalion.s to him than any other author. Next to his work I raniv
Lederer's, which has been also of much use to me.

Walker's "Lists of the Lcpidoptera lleterocera in the liritish ^Museum''
simply follow Guenee's classification. A great opportunity was lost by the
authorities of" the British Museum in the publication of a series of meagre
descriptions which have only brought maledictions on the head of the amiable
but uncritical author of the Catalogues. I have endeavored to do full justice
to the work, as stated in the introduction.

§ 3. — Differential Characters of the Family.

Body slight, long, and slender. Thorax rather small and weak, never
tufted or crested. Head small, (piite t"iee from the thorax, either moder-
ately long or very short. Com])ound eyes rather large, full, and sjiherical ;
simple! eyes, two in number, often wanting. Front of the head rather nar-
row, usually decreasing in w idth toward the anterior edge, t"ull and l)ulging,
rarely ilattc.'ued, of"tcn with an acute, dense tuft projecting between the base
of th(! jialpi. The clypeus is nearly square, forming nearly the whole front
of the head ; the antenna? being inserted high up on the vertex; it is smooth;
in only one geuus {Fidonia), so far as known to me, with a denticulated,
median, compressed tubercle ; the epicranium is very small and short, otten
only half as long as wide; while the occiput is a narrow, transvense piece, not
quite .so long as the epicranium. Vertex not tufted, or with a low, flat, incon-
spicuous crest.

Antennas either simple, with minute, tine cilia> ; more often with large,
dense cilia-, sometimes like fine bristles ; or they are pectinated ; the branches
short, spatulate, and ciliated, or, more usually, well developed, sometimes long
and ^lender ; the antennai sometimes plumose, but a single pair of branches to
a joint ; the ])ectiuations often wanting on the outer third or fourth of the
anleniue. Palpi slender, porrect, nearly always passing beyond the f"ront ; the
second joint much longer than the others, mod(;rately broad, usually passing

16

beyond the front: lliird joint nsnally ratlior short, conical, often partly indis-
tinj^uishahle from (he second on a('connt ol" the projecling hairs of the latter.

Tile wiiiifs are large compared with the slight, feeble l)ody. The fore
wings are triangular, the outer edge being nearly, sometimes cpiite, as long as
the inner edge ; ajjcx often acute, subtalcate, or markedly talcate ; inner angle
di.stinct; costal edge straight, or considerably curved or sinuous. Hind wings,
with tlie inner edge long and straight, longer than the outer, the latter full and
rounded, often angular, sometimes remarkal:)ly so. Venation: usually six sub-
costal venules; always but three median venules ; no sul)median vein, some-
times a fold representing it. A subcostal ccJ! often present, sometimes two;
the cell being formed, almost invariaidy, by the anastomo-sis of the first sub-
costal venule witii its vein. Independent vein well marked; usually in the
middle of (he discal space.

The legs are always long and slender; in only one genus (Lif/iosfegc)
are the short and stout for<' tibia; armed with a heavy, acute spine. The hind
legs are long and slender ; the liind 1il)ia^, nearly always long and slender, often
swollen, \\ith two pairs of slightly unecpial, long, slender spurs; sometimes
tliere is but one pair, very rarely none at all. Occasionally the hind tibias
have a long tuft of hairs (scales) appressed to the joint. Hind tarsi usually long
and slender, often a little longer than the tibia ; sometimes (as in Acidalia
and a few other genera) tiiey are not more than half as long as the tibijB.

Aljdomen long and slender, usually with a well-marked tuft of hairs at
the end ; sometimes with lateral and dorsal sliglit tufts, and dorsal spots or
lateral lines.

The genital armature is large and well developed, but varying greatly in
the ditierent genera. The supra-anal plate is more or less triangular, varying
much in size; the recurved spine is usually long and recurved; the lateral
claspers are usually broad, spatulate, and simple.

Larva slender, with usually but two pairs of abdominal legs, rarely three
or l(>ur pairs, so that it has a looping gait. The larva live free, except in
certain species oi' Eupithecta, which hore in seeds. Pupa slender, often green
or variegated in color, inclosed in a slight, silken cocoon or subterranean cell.

§ 4. — COMPAKATIVK AnATOMY OF THE HeAD.

The head in tlie imago of the Lepidoptera consistsi)f tiiree pieces: first,
the basal or occiput; second, an intermediate piece, the. epicranium ; and

17

third, ilic clvpciis. 'I'lic rclalioii of llicsr pints is rrmaii\iil)ly consliiiil in all
the Lcpidoiitcra. In llic l>()iiil)y(:i(i;i' tlicrc is a !,M-cat variation in all the
irroups; but in the Xoclnidiv Ihry arc vciy constant. The relalivp pidpoition
of (licsc ])i('C(^s is very oonstaiil in the I'lialaMiida', so ninch so that they arc;
scldiiin of much practical nse as jrcncric characters.

The occij>iil, or l)aso of the licad, on llic vcitcx, is separated by sulur<'
from the orbits. It is usually very short (antero-posteriorly) in (lie median
line of the head, widening out where it touches the orbits.

The ejiicni/iii/iii is very small and narrow, often not extending on eillier
side to the orbits. It is conlracled in front, oxfisiding between the insertion
of the antennjv, and is moderately convex.

'['he, cJupvKs occu[)i(;s nearly the entire IVont of the head, and is so large
as to carrv the insertion of the antcnn;"c well ti|) on the vertex. It is usually
considerably longer than broad, especially in many of the higher genera;
while in Eupltliccia it is shorter; so, also, in J>oii/m/a. The sides nvo often
l)arallel, and often also converge a little anteriorly; tlie base is deeply sinuous,
beins excavated on each side to receive the antennir.

How these pieces vary in several of the typi:;al genera may be seen
from the following notes and figures, beginning with the lower geiu'ra and
ascending to the liigher:

Eupitlu'cia miscfulata (pl.G, fig. 19). — In this species, the occiput is longer
than usual, and as long in the middle as on the sides, being transversely
oblong. The ei)icranium is equiluterally triangular, though a little shorter
than broad. The clypcus is considerably longer than broad, the sides slightly
converging. It is rather full on the surface.

I'etrojihora dlcersiUiienta. — Head much narrower than in the higher sub-
families. Eyes full and globose; both the occipital and clypeal regions mon;
elongated than usual. Occiput long, being one-fourth as long as wide, and
of even length throughout, but near the orbits extending anteriorly in a slight
point. Epicranium rather small; subtriangular ; hinder edge a little more
convex than usual. Antennjie moderately far apart. Clypeus nearly square,
a little longer than broad ; siiles straight and parallel. No orbital region ;
front of clypeus well rounded, convex; man(lii)les well developed; lal)rum
minute; and tongue well devclo])ed as usual.

Hi/drui nnduhda. — In some respects a mean between Pctrophorn and
Phlbahiptenjx. Eyes less full. ()('cii)ital region not so wide as in Pctrophora ;
3 P II

18

occipui a litll(> miiri' Hiau a iliinl as long as wide; cpirrairmni soniowlKit
sliorl lozcusrc-sliaped ; same distance between aiileniuv as in rctropJ/oia.
Clvpens, liowcvcT, sliorter, hanlly as long as wide, and very slightly converging
anteriorlv, and not so much ronnded on the front edge as in Pdropliora.
Mandibles, (ongne, etc.. same as Pcfrophora.

Melanippe. — Front long and very nanow ; occipital region widening
considerably. Eyes a little larger than \\\ rdyophoya ; occiput one-third as
Ion"- as l)roa(l, and not hollowed out l)y Ihc epicrauiuni, which is small,
tlattencd lozenge-shaped. A little narrower between the antennae than usual.
CIviMMis remarkably long, taking up whole front: on ii])j>cr side of clypeus,
or!)ital region slighlly developed. Front edge like clyp.eus of Fclroplmra,
being well rouiuled ; and mandibles and tongue as in Petiophora.

riiihalaptenjx Infest inatii. — Front sliorter, clypeal region more (riangulav,
and occi[)ital widening more than in Petrophom. ()ccij)ut a little smaller than
in /V/ro/j/zo/vf, being shorter ; but the e])icranium is of the same form, only
larger. Clypeus of about the same form, l)ut the sides converge more
anteriorly. Front edge much less rounded. jMandibles and tongue the same.

Caripcta dicisa/a, $ (pi. G, fig. 20). — Occiput moderately long; excavated
ill front to receive the epicrauiuni, which is subtriangular, and nearly as long
as broad. Clypeus moderately full, oblong, much longer than broad ; sides
converging very slightly anteriorly. Two ocelli present.

Fidouia tni//c(ifiiri(i. — The front is very broad, the eyes being smaller than
in llie higher genera. Occipital region just as long as clypeus. Occiput very
short, I'orming a slightly marked ridge of even width throughout. Eiiicra-
niuiii lai-ge, moderately convex, hind edge moderately curved, broad between
the antemue. Clypeus vc-ry broad, sipiare; very slightly shorter than broad ;
free from orbits ; ([iiitc a wide region betwf-en the clypeus and eyes. Tongue
as large as usual ; mandibles and labrum minute, the former very slender. In
this and the next species the tegument is mahogany l)rown.

Fidouia iii>t((taria. — Differs from F. Inmcntaria in having the occiput
lilended with the epicrauiuni, and a little longer; the epicranium is a little
smaller; clypeus the same, but orliital region much narrower. Eyes a little
fidler, and ap[)earing proportionally larger. So that there are sometimes
specific dilbu'ences in the proportions of the head. Compared with the generic
characters, they are slight, varying most on the occipital and orbital regions.

Pcrconid finiefiirio, $ and 9. — The striu'lure of the head is verv remark-

al)lc, cs[)ociiilly as the licad ol" llin l']m(i|)c;iii P. fiiscio/aria is ncaih normal,
liavinjr no crc^sl mi the clyiiciis, In holii species, liowever, llie occiput is
luodenitely long, hnl not as usual excavjitcd in tVont ; on tlu; conlrary, (lie
iVont ('(1^0 is roniarUalily straiirlif, Uie piece not dilalinti- on llie side. "^I'lie
epicianiuin in I', linictdiia is raised al)ove the surface el' I lie iiead ; it is trape-
zoidal ill out line. Iwo-lliirds as wide in li-ont as Ixdiind, the anterior ed;;!-
I()riniug a thin projecting cr(^st overhanging the base ol' the clypeiis. 'I'iiis
lallcr jiiecc is not separated as usual hy a well-detined suture iVoni theoriiits.
The middle area is much raised, olilong, lioiind by a high, Ihin crest; the
lateral crests denticulated. Along the middle of the ohloiig inclosure runs a
liigh, rouiidi'd dcnliculatcd crest. There are no ocelli.

Zcroip aitcnaria. — Resouililes closely Fidoriia. The iVont is very l)roa<l,
and widens more on the occiput than in Fidoiiiit. Occiput liirming a wider
ridge than in Fii/oxia ; eiicroa(died upon in the middle \>y the epicranium,
l)ut widening on the side rapidly. Epicranium small, subtrapezoidal, not
veaching the occipital region : moderately convex, a'.id hinder edge moder-
ately rounded. Anteuiue much nearer together than in Fidoiiia. Clypeus
trapezoidal ; sides narrowing in front. No longer than iiroad ; surfiic(! mod-
erately convex; tongue rather long, and of the usual siz(?: occi[)ital region
rather wide; clypeus rounded in front. Lahrum as usual ; mandiijles minute,
slender, not overlapi)ing the tcuigue. Tegument dark mahogany brown-
Eyes a little larger proportionally than in Fidonia.

Eujhdila rihcaria. — Occipital region widening moderately; occiput very
large, about one-third as long as \\i(l('; of the same length tliioiighout, on the
sides as in the middle. l']picraiiium small, Mibtriangular : inler-anteiinal sjiaci;
rather nari'ow ; the epicranium divided into two jiarts i^y a ridge just ojipo-
site the hind edge of the auteiiii;i'. Clypeus s(piare, a little longer than broad.
The clypeal region narrows a little anteriorly. Eyes large and gloiiular;
tongue long and well developed : mandibles long, sleiuhir, partially overlap-
ping the tongue ; labrura as usual.

Fantlierodcs pardalaria. — 'i'his Brazilian species closely resemble.*;
Eiifitcliht; the clypeus lA' Faii/heiodcs is a little longer and Hatter, and the epi-
cranium is a little fuller, but tlii' relative size of the three pieces are the
same.

Acida/ia A /i/teata (pi. fj, (ig. 21). — Front lather narrow, widely diverging
on the occipital icgion, with lari,M' full uloiiose eyes risiiii,' considerably aiiove

20

(he sm-nicc of Hh- front. The occipHal roirion is considorahlj shorter than
the clvpcal ; the occiput Ijeing short in the niiddh', and dilated on tlie si<U\
The epicraniiini is rather small, sul)trianguhir : the liind edge being moder-
atidy rounded and encroaching (ni the occiput. Clypeiis s([uarish ; consider-
al)ly longer (Inin l)roa(l, the sides narrowing considei-ably in front, and w ith
no orl)ital region; surface moderately convex. Ifandihles long, slender;
lalii-uin minute; tongue well deve!ojK;(l Two ocelli present.

Eunodis cliloroleiicai id, $ (j)l. C, fig. 22). — Head remarkably broad on the
vertex; occiput remarkably short, dilating on the sides. Kpieranium very
large, tiansvcrsely diamond-shaped, extending much farlher bacd^ than usual,
will) two tubercles in the middle. The clypeal region Hat and very l)road at
l)ase, narrowing rapidl}' in front, more so than in any genus (-!' the family
thus tiir examined. The ocelli are very small, partially obsolete.

Tcji/tfosia Canada/ in. — This genus is allied to Acidalia and rc/rojilioia in
the form of the liead, the cl3])eus being long and narit)w. Occi[!ital region
long; eyes full and gloljular; epicraninm small and subtriangular.

Cyiiial<>2)ltora crcpusciilaiia (pi. G, fig. 23). — Head short and broad. Oc-
ciput moderately long, excavated by the epicraninm, which is narrow, small,
rounded, and very convex. Clypeus nearly square, only slightly longer than
broad, the sides sligiitly converging anteriorly.

Eiirio)iios ///agfia/ia. — The head resembles Eurij/nciie in its geni.'nil
sha|)e, si/,e ol the eyes, breadth, and fo;'ni of the clypeal region (/. e., region
between the e}'es). The occiput is larger than usual, being veiylouir, and
not nuudi widn- ill the end than in the middle, since the e])ieranium is small
and docs not encroach as usual on it. l^ljiieranium small, globose; veiy
convex l)ehiiid each side; not reaching so near the orbits as usual; the
inferanlennal space Ix'ing ratlu'r \\ider than usual. C'lypeiis huge and broad;
not so free from the orl)its as usual ; very wide; not much longer than wide;
front edge roundcsd. J.,abrum small ; bioadly triangular. Man(lil)les small ;
abnost ol)solete. IMaxilla; small, weak ; one-third as l()ng as in Cabciodcs.
]5y tin; cephalic; characters, this is a lower genus, evidently, than most of the
Enito}iiiu(e, and shoidd follow on alter J'Uin/incnc..

Aiiisrrond crornUnid. — Occipital region full, and very convex; wider
than in Cid>er()d:-x, the eyes l)eing Hatter and smaller. (.)ceiput veiy short,
especially in the middle, where it is wvy nai-row, forming a slight ridge, bnt
exp.-iuds 1riani,Milarly between the epicraninm and orliits; the epicraninm

21

IxMiiif miiisii;,n\ liill CDiivrx, (•iicrnacliin^ on llic (ic(i|)iil, iiml luniitl Itctw ecu
till' aiiirLiiial si>ck(,'ls. ('ly|)rus I'lill, iiiiicli Idiii^'cr lliaii l)i()a(l, coiivcx, and
di.'-tiiicl iVdiu lilt' orliils; l()ii;;cr than in ('(ihcnidcs ; llic IV(in1 vAiiv. is ralhcr
narrow, and ronndcd in iVout. Tonijuc xv'fakcr and slcndi-rrr than in llic
liigluT gcniT.i MandlhiL's rat her slenderer.

J'liinimeiie loiitdiui. — In tins genns the front is wider than in Cabcrodes,
Eitliit]>('l((, or Tctnicis. 'I'lie occipital region {i.e., the occiput and cpicraniMin
l()g<jther) is nearly as long as the clypeus; the epicr.miuin is long, unii'orndy
so, foriuint;- a transverse hand as widi; at tlie middle as the v\\[\>i. The
epicraniuni is scpiarish ; hind ediic hnt slightly conviix ; a median central
depression; antenna' inserteil wide ;;part. Clypeus squarish, heinir but little
longei'than liroad ; the sides narrow a little anlerioi'ly, the orhits iiuich more;
tin; p;)sterior and anterior edges are both mutdi rounded, and the siirlace is
very convex, as much so as in Caberode.s. The head grows wider on (he
occipital region than in Eutrapchi or Cid>e.rO(l('^, and the eyes are smaller and
Halter, the clypeal region being wider.

'retracis crocallala — Occipital region lai'ger than in Eutidpela and
Caherodes ; the epicraniuni being longer, aud- j)rojecting more In'oadly
between the sockets (d" the antcnuic and the eyes. Ej)icranium transversely
oval, somew^hat approaching that of EiitraptJa in form; both pieces moder-
ately convex. Aiitenn;u as wide apart as in Eiitrapda. Clypeus in form like
Cabcrodes. but a little less convex, though much more so tlian in Eutrapcln,
and a lillle more trai)ezoidal than in Cabcrodes. Mandibles and labrum as
usual. Maxillaj large. The whole head is smaller, and the eyes decidedly
smaller, than in Cabcrodes.

Cabcrodes inetrocamparia. — The occipital region is large, but tin; occiput
i> smaller than in Kufrapcia, being shorter, while the epicraniuni is consider-
ably larger than in Eutrapela, and does not foi'm a lozenge, the hind edge
being very convex. Surlace very full and ctuivex, much niore so betwetni the
antemuv than in Eutrapela, the space between them being wider. The cly-
peus is subtrapezoldal, the sides narrowing a lillle anterioily, and the siit-
tace is very convex, much niori; so than in Clidcrodcs, rising up Hush with llu;
eyes; it is considerably longer than broail. Thus, Edlrapc/a is much ncMrc^r
to Cydimon Lellus \\\M\ Cabcrodes is; in the latter, the head grow ing widfT
between the oyca.

Endropia hijpochrai ia. — Head slightly smaller than in Cabcrodes, to which

o->

if is closclv allii'd ; llu; uccipi!;!! rcifion widens lunrc pi.-slcrioi-ly. Occijuit aiui
•■nicraniiiiii as in Cdhcfodcs, hut \\\v I'picraniiiin is llattcr. Clypous longer
and less convex llian in Caherodes ; full and Indging over the front edge,
which is i|iiite thin. ]\randil>l('s, niaxilhe, and lahruni as in Cabcrodcs ; lal)rum
a Httl(' lonirer and nioic pointed, however. The whole iiead is not so wide
and is liigher than in C/iberodes.

Etidropid hUhiccirm. — ilead intermediate Ijetween Eutrapela and Cahe-
rodfs, the occiput widening, hut the cdypcus is square, much as in Eatrapcla.
t)cci])ut very short, in the middle encroached ujion I)y the epicranium, being
very shoi't, (orming a simple ridge. Epicranium oi' the liirm of Caherodt-s,
not so wide Ix'tween the antenucC. Clypens almost square, suhtra|iezoi(hd,
hui Hat, as in Eiitrajtela, and much less narrowed iu iVont than Cuberode.i.
Maxilla- largo and u(dl develojx'd. Mandihlcs smaller than in Cdhcrodrs.

Eutrapela (ransccrsatd (pi. G, fig. 24). — The occipital region is niu(di
hroader than in Cydinidri, the occiput being rather long antero-posferiorly,
while the epicranium is large, being lozenge-shaped trairsversely, full and
convex, almost buUate, and surmounted l)y two tubercles. The size of the
occipital region forces the insertion of the antenn;p down the front. Clypeus
nearly square, being but little.longer than broad, with parallel sides ; its surface
is quite full, convex, and a little sunken below the eyeii. Mandibles, maxilhe,
and lal)rum as described in Cijdunon.

Cifdhnon Lellus (pi. G, fig. 25). — The occiput and epicranium arc small
and narrow, the antemiic being inserted on the summit of the iiead ; the
epicranium is very small, the liasal joints of the antenn;e being large and
near together. The clypeus occupies the entire front, being miudi longer
than broiid, narrow, tin; sides parallel, not narrowing in front, and the surface
flush with the i-ycs. The front edge is slightly arcuate, being slightly
l)n)duc('d in the middle of the edge, vvitii the lateral foramina distinct.
Mandibles rather long, incurved, and with the usual dense, golden sstiXJ
lying over the base of tlie maxilliiL\ Labrum small, narrow. Maxilhu well
developed.

As the Uranides do not Ix-long to the fauna of tin; United States, they
will not l)(! treated of liirtlier in this work. I will only .say that on account,
ot th(> structure of tiie head I cannot at present agree with Guenee in regarding
tlieni as a dustincl lamily . The venaMon is also much as in the Fhalavuiir,
there i)eing only three median venules. On this account, 1 regard them ;'s

23

lininiiiL,' tlic liiglicsl siil)l;imily nf the I'luiln it'uhv. I \\\\\ ;i\\;in; lliiil llii'
l;irv;v' liiivc sixteen leel. no dtlier I'liiil.-enul li:t\inif more than I'onrteen.

Eiift'ti. — There ai'e no peculiarities in the eyes sntlieienlly niari\e(l lo
(lislingnish llw jrenei'a and species. They ai'e lull, spheiical, (lotted with
black spots, and jjrovided with scattered, short, minute hairs.

OccH'i. — Altliougli it is stated* that tin; Pliahenldcc have no ocelli, 1 have
fonnd that tiioy generally occur in o;ir species; thongli, compared with those
ot" the Nodttida, they are small, and easily overlooked. Th(>y are situated
ver}' near the eyes, usually on the sufnic l)et\\een the epicraniuin and occiput.
They sometimes appear as il" actually sitinitc'd on the occiput, l)ut thi.s is not
the case, as theii" normal site is the posterior ed<re of the ci)icraniuni.

They are [U'esent or alisent in diil'erent species of the same genus. For
e.\ainj)le, in Soniothiya quadri-signata they are unusually large and distinct ;
wiiile, in iS. ocelliiiata, they are entirely absent. It is a question whether they
are ever of use to the insect, as, in most cases, they aj)pear as if partially
aborted, and their presence and absence in different species of the same
genus shows that they are not very essential to the life of the insect.

They occur in vai'ions degrees of [)erfection in the Ibllowing species:
(UnHCopteryx ctesiata, Plcnnjiia Jh/r/.al/i, Hydriomena tr'ifascinfa, Ochyria
designata, Melanippe iitficiUata and haytatu, Vlnhalapteryx intc.stinata, Eucos-
mia undulata, Bapta (dboolltala, Heterophelps trlguttata, Zcrene catenaria,
Semio/hisa quadri-signata, Azellna hiihncrarin, Tephrosin cnnadaria, Metrocnm-
]Hi pey'laiia, Caripeta dlvisata.Acidalia qiwdn'-Zii/eafa, Kucrostis chlorolcucaria,
xMetaneina inatomaria, Endroi)ia hypochraria, Cahcrodes corifiisaria and niclro-
aimparia, Eutropdu Iransrersafa, Cydlmon Leiliis.

The following species were found (o have no ocelli : Eupitliecia 7niseru-
litd, Pefrophora pninnta and /'. dircr.^/iinra/a, Oporinia pcrUnenta, SfviiotJtisa
oceUlnata, Aimopteryx pometar'm, Cymatophora crepuscularia, Nematocampa
Jitamentaria.

§5. COMPAKATIVE AnATO.MY OF IV.V. TlIORAX.

Ill studying the anatomy of the thorax of the Phakenida, as compared
with that of other families of the Lepidopt(!ra, we are l)atlled Ity th(! want of
a comparative knowledge of the parts ol" the thorax in this and other orders
of insects. It is the writer's intention to prepare a work on the comijurative
e.xternal anatomy of insects, and he has collected some materials for the piir-

*A. Gr.L'uCe. rhak'iiitcs.

24

posL' ill till- i.rpidoptcra, ll_viiiciii)|il('r;i, as well as (he llciui|i(cra, OrtliDiilcra,
and Xt.'uroptcra. Hitherto tlie pieces coiiiiKisiug eaeh of the tiioracic rings
have been used with tlu' greatest success in tlie Coleopiera l)y Ur. J. L. Lc
Contc, in Iiis works on North American Colcoptera.*

Various hyuienophn-ists have I'ound th*^ thoracic characters very useful
in chissification.

In the Le|)i(h)p(era the writerf has found that good fuiiily characters
exist in the relative size and [)r()[)ortion of parts in the thorax as well as
the liyad.

Tlie Zijatnkhe and Noctiiida'X have lieen found to dilfer in appai-eiitly reli-
alile thoracic characters. The Vhalmnidtc also dilfer from the other h'pidop-
teroiis families in the form of tlie thorax. In order to bring out these dill'cr-
ences, I have on plate 7 represented the dorsal and lateral aspect of the thorax
in a typical species of each Icpidopterous family, so that the eye may at once
seize upon the diiferential characters vvithout long verbal descriptions.

The terminology of [)arts is as given in my "Guide to the »Study of In-
sects"', which was ado])ted from the works of Andoum^ in connection with
those of Fabricius, Kirl)y and Si)ence, Burmeister, Xewport, and others.
Without at this time revising the nouKMiclature of the external anatomy of
the thorax of Lepidoptera, further than I have done in my "Guide to the
Study of In.sccts", which could not l)e accomplished without extended study
of all the other orders of insects, I will briefly call attention to the most appa-
rent differences between the families of Lepi<lo[)tcra, beginning with the
lowest. The terminology is given in the explanation of the plates.

FlcropJioiidcp {Pteropliorus marginidiictijlus Fitch, pi. 7, tig. 9, 'Jc/) Ter-
gum. — There is a greater equality in the size of the meso- and meta-thorax
than usual in the other tlunilies, unless we except the Hepkdl among the Bom-
hijcidie. The mesoscutum is very small, sipiarish ; me.-soscutclhim very large
and long, the sides equal; in extent, it is about one-lialf as large as the scu-
tum ; metascutum with the two halves remarkably large and broad ; scutel-

* Classification of the Carabidw of tho IJTiited States. Transactions of the American Philosophical
Society, vol. x, l~b'.\. On the Systematic Value of Khynchoiihoroiis Coleoptera. Anicrican Jonrnal of
Sciences and Arts, vol. xliv, .Inly, lH(i7. Classitication of the Colcoptera of North Anieiica. Miseellaueons
Collections, Smithsonian In.stitntion.

t Notes on th(^ Family Ziiiiaiiidir. Proceedinj^s of the P.sscx Tnstitntc, .\pril, IStU.

t Characters of the Noctnid;e. I'rocecdings of the Portland Society of N'atnral History.

vS L'Anatcnnie comparative dcs Parties solides des Insects. (Ann. gcu. des Sc. Phys., isao, torn. 7).
lleeherclies anatomifpies siir lo Thorax des Animau.x articules ct celui des llexapodos en parliculier.
Acad. Sc, l&'O.

25

liiiu ciiiiilalci-ally InaiiuiiUir, hciiii,^ rciiiarkahly lun^^r jm,! ii:iri-i)W, w licii; iii
odici' laiiiilii's i(, is transverse ami ahinit a lliii'd shdiiei' lliaii wiilir.

I'leiinun. — The e|iiinera and ('iiislerna are narruw and I'atlier Inn^' cimh-
pared widi the T'lncuUv, w hih' the coxa! and li-ochantines aie of i-einarkal»l('
Iciiiith and sli'nderness.

TinCidcc {Scdi'd (/ holfli I'"ai)r., an I''iii-(i|)eaii species, pi. 7, liu;. Id, KV). —
Tn tliis liuiiilv the thorax is niiich sliorter than in the I'tcroiilioruUi', and th(3
Hanks less i)l)li(pic.

Teri^nni. — Mesoscntiuu nincdi larger proportionally than in r/('n>itlionis,
and more scntellate in shape; scntelliiiii short and small, the snrfiice vei y
convex. .Mefathoi-ax : sentuni large, not sepai'ate, nnited for ahont iiall' its
leniith l)ysntnre; the pra'scntnm large and distinct, triangular in shape.
The scutellum is ol' the slia|)e usual in other liunilies, hnl longer and narrow ci',
though still very dillerent iVom that u[' I'/vraplionis.

I'lenriMU. — \yhile the thorax is still long and slender, it is mn(di shorter
than in Pleroplionts. The thoracic segments seen lulerally aic very ohli(pie,
and the costa and trochantincs of all these segments are very long compared
with the e[)imera and e[)isteriia.

Tortricldcc (^lortri.r, sp. umlelermined, allied to 1. rosi/rftiiiii Ilari'is, jil.
7, lig. 11, 11(/). — Here the thorax is very short and snhspheiical.

Terguai. — ]\Iesoscut urn very short, and rather broad; scutellum rather
large ill pro|M)rtioii to tin' scutum, hoth ends pointed much the sanu' ; meta-
pri\3scutum obsolete ; scidiim short, the two halves just touching on the median
line of the body; scutellum very short, but distinctly triangular.

Plcurum. — The thorax is much shorter, more s[)herical than in the
Tincldic; the Hanks are much more; vertical than in the T'liwidn', and are
in this respect much as in the higher liuhilies. The epimera and cpisterna
are broad and long in proportion to the coxse and trochantincs united. The
latter are short and thick, somewliat swollen, much more so than in any of
the allied tamilies.

J'i/ri///drc (Boti/s s\)., \)\. 7, fig. 12, \2(/). — The thorax in this family is
usually rather long and slender; that oi' Boti/s is selected as a iiieaii between
the extreme liirms.

Tergum. — Mcsoscutum moderately long and large, much longer than in

Tortrix; the scutellum very large, alioiit as large in proportion to the thoiax

as in Pleyopliorus. It is slightly longer than broad, and nearly e([uilatcrully
-1 1' u

sciuiiri', aliuost as long as (he sculuiii in tiic iiiiddlc ; uu'tasciiluiii short. 1h<^
two lialvcs l)cini( uniteil by a very short istliuius. The sciitelhiiu is sliort ami
crcscciit-shajx'il.

]>l(.i,,ni,i — The llauks arc very oblique. Tlie coxa' and trochantines col-
leelively are rallier short, tliick, and soniewliat swollen, though not so much
so as in Toiirix.

i*hulini\d(c {Eiitrapela tvansversata, pi. 7, fig. 21, 21rt). — We now come
to moths in wliieh the thorax becomes more spherical and concentrated than
berore. This is due to Andouin's law of enlargement of one part of a seg-
nu'nt at the exjiense of an adjoining jiart. The ditlerences may l)e best
brought out by comparing the thorax of an Eiitraiula with a ILulriia The
entire thorax is longer than in Ucidfna; the Hanks are more ol)liqi!e.

Tergum. — Tin; mcsoscntuni in the median line is ai)out as long as the
(uitire piece is wide. The sciitellum is considerably shorter than wide, and
does not (hirer from that of Hadr/it/. The two pieces of the meta.scutnm arc
widely separated by a distance nearly equaling the width of the scutellum.
The latter is very short, transversely linea'r-obloiig rather ti)an crescent-
shaped.

I'leurum. — The epimera and episterna are rather narrower and scarcely
as long as in Iladvna, while the co.XcC and trochantines are longer and much
narrower. The proportions are the same in A)ihoptcnjx pomcfaria 9, PI 7,
Fig. -.

Nocluidce {Iladena desfn/c/or, pi. 7. fig. 15, 15a). — The thorax is, shorter,
Ujore s|)herical, and the Hank less oblique than in the P/taicoiidw.

^i'ergum — Meso.scutum shorter on the mediau line than broad. '^1 he
two halves of the ineta.scutuin arc i)ot so widely separated as in the Plialcc-
nidce, the distance between them being equal to about half the width of the
scutellum. The scutellum is linear crescent-shaped.

I'leurum — The characters have already been brought out in the descrip-
tion of the rh(da'ii'id(e.

]i()j)ihijcidre {Telca Pohjpliemus, pi. 7, fig. IG, IGt/). — The thorax in Tclca
is not so spherical as in Jhidoiti, w liih^ the llauks ai'c much less oblitpie.

'^rergum. — The mesoscutiim is shorter than in the FluilixnUkc, \\hile the
scutellum is c(pfilaterally triangular, being less produced behind than usual,
'i'lie two halves of the metascutum are widely separated, much as m IladiiKi,
and the scutellum i.s much the same.

27

i'lciiruiii. — The ('i>im('r;i and ('iiislcriia arc rall:ci' lar;^c, w liilf tlir coxa'
and troclianliiics arc sliorlcr and l)n)adcr tlian in the Xorlu'ida:

Xi/Sintirlir (^^ijgirna near li)ii'ia>ra\ pi 7, liiij. 17, 17'/). — I'crguin. — Meso-
scnliiiu sonicw liat ('(impressed, narmwinif in iVont ; sciilellnni as lon;^ as wide,
\vcll-i'(inii(led iiostcrioily ; nielascntnni willi the (wo halves widely se|)ara(e(l
\)\ a distance eipial to the width of the scntelliini.

I'lenrnni. — Epinicra and episterna of (ho niesothorax very Ijroad. 'J'lic
nics()-tr()(dian(ines and coxa' unusually short and l)r()ad, (he trocluuitiiies (.'spc;-
c'ially niuth swollen.

^■Eiirriddii- (^■7'!s^i'ri(i .sr/'/ii/u Ilai'ris, jil. 7, liii;. IS, iScr). — Xotwitlistanding
(he slenderness of the liody, the thorax is (juite spherical, in some respects
much as in y^i/i^nufi, while along (he tcrgum (h(> thorax is rather long and
iiarro\\'; the llaidvs ai'c shoi't and liroad.

Tergum — The tegnla', wliich I have not hi(her(o attempted to descrilie,
are very large and hroad. JJemoving tluMU, (he mesoscntum is seen to Ix;
remarkahly long and narrow, not much wider (han the scutcllum. The latter
is as long as wide, well jminted hehind. The (wo halves ol" (he ine(ascutuni
nearly (ouch each other; scutellum very small, in the form of a ilattcued (ri-
angle.

Plcurum. — While the t]anks of (he [jrothorax are rather more slender
than usual, more so (han in Xi/ga:iia, those of the two hinder segments, espe-
cially the metathorax, are shorter and broader. The epimcral and ep;s(crnal
pieces ol" (he two hinder segm(aits are large and broad. The cox;e and tio-
cliantines are very short and l)road, particularly the meta-troehantine, where
in Zijgfviia and I'tlca it is long and comparatively slender.

Sj)/iingid(r {l)ci/fj)hila Uiieata, pi. 7. ng. 19, 19r^). — In the thorax of
yEgcrid we have a close approxima(ion to (hat oi' Dei/cj'fiila and the Splih/gidtc
generally, as well as the I'djnUonidce, as shown in the short, broad, lull Hunks
and very long, narrow mesoscntum.

Tergum. — Mesoscntum long and narrow, slighdy wider (han in yEgeria.
Sculum much shorter [)osteriorly (han in yEgcria. The metathorax is v(>ry
short, the two halves of the scutum arc small, \vid(dy separa(ed by a dis(ance
nearly c(jualing (he \vid(h of (he scu(ellmn. 'i'lie latter is shorter than in any
ol (he previous tamilies, forming a sinuous transverse ridge.

PIcurum. — The epiniera and episterna are short and very broad, while
the coxif and trojhantines are verv sliort and broad. The middle Irocliau-

28

line is nearly «'(|uilalerally triangular, w liilc the melacoxa i.s nearly as broad,
the tiochantines of l)otii segments being very short anil small.

Papi/ionidce, {Vanessa alalaiiia, pi. 7, fig. 20,'20«). — The entire thorax is
relatively sliorter, more comjiressed, <he tergal portion descending farther
down the sides, the epimeral and epistei'nal pieces being much shorter than
in any of the moths, while the coxa; and trochantines collectively are ftdl as
short as in the Spliingidce.

Tergum. — MesoseuUim Jinig and narrow, not mnch wider than the
sentelhnu; the latter is very large, elevated, both ends mnch alike, the poste-
rior end being much produced, so that in outline each side is nearly of equal
length.- The metathorax is more vertical than in the moths; the scutum
is large, the two halves not quite touching. The scutellum is very snudi
and narrow, vertical instead of horizontal, as in the nu)ths, subtriangular, very
short and linear.

Pleurum. — Epi.stcrnal and epimeral [)ieces very short ; middle trochantine
short and broad, triangular; hind trochantine larger than the coxff, where iu
the Sphlngiche it is much swollen.

The prothorax, which is so slightly developed tergally, has not been de-
scribed in these notes, and the tergum has not been figured. This comparison
of the thorax in diil'ercnt groups confirms the relative standing of the fami-
lies as usually given. The Pijrallds should stand below the Flialcenidte, and
tlu- latter l)elow the Nocluidoi.

The Fhultcnidai hold a middle position l)etween the moths below them
and the Nodulda:, while the yl^geridu; and Bphinghlni have; sti-ong resem-
ijlances to the Papilloitidcc; I he Bomhycidw and Zijccniditi being more closely
allied to each other than to any other groups.

§ 6. ANATOMY OF THE MALE GENITAL ARMATURE.

These organs, as in other orders of insects, differ much in Ibrm even in
dilFerent species of tin; same genus, so that it is impossible to lay down any
characters applicable to the family generally. I will brielly describe some
iornis in certain of the typical genera of the family.

In rvtrophoni tr/nicafa (pi. 7, fig. 24, 24a, 24c), tiie parts are, on the
whole, more largely developed than in any other species of the family. The
supra-anal jtlate ( pi.) is large and lu'oad, subtriangular or rather scutellate ;
considerably longer than broad, rounded at the apex, with the two halves

29

closf'lv uiiik'd i>/ suhirc ; the recurved si>iiie iillaelied to i( is very lontr ;iinl
stout; tlio latorul daspers (/c.) are very Imitr, liroad, spooii-sliaiied. In Fifro-
phora divcrsUineata the armature is entirely diti'ereul. The end ol' tlie alxh)-
nien is hir<re, Inng, square, and nicnibranous. It conceals the armature, and
tiiC ends ol' (he claspcrs are oven with the end of the un inhraiie. ( )n
reuiovini( this, the ])ro|iortions of the ])arls are lunch as in /'. Inninil'i. l)ul
smaller; the lateral claspeis are narrower and soniewliat pointed, and the
supra-anal plate is shorter.

In (jluHCoptcnjx polala, the genital armature is very didereni from that
oi' rctrophora truncata, so nnudi so as to allord excellent generic characlcrs;
and those who with Lederei- do not believe in separating the lower genera ot
the Larentince as done l)y lliil)ner, Stephens, Guenec, and others, would do
well to take into ccjusideration the excellent generic characters allbi'ded in
the mall! genital armature.

In (1. po'ala, the lateral clas]>ers are very large ; the lower portion is large
and spatuhite, reaching as lin- beyond the supra-anal plate as in l^rlrapliora :
bat the middle is membranous, and, at what would corrcsiiond to the ni)per
edge in Fdrophora, becomes converted into a chitinous edge, which eiuls in a
long, acute spine; the upper edge of this shar[) chitinous portion has a deep
sinus at base, and the mucronate tip does not extend as tiir out as the tip of
tiie spatulate portion. Tlie chitinous portion at the tir.-t glanci' looks as it it
wei'e a separate appendage; but the lower edge on examination ai)[)ears con-
tinuous with the membranous s|)atulate portion. Tliis chitinous p:)rt:on docs
not appear to be representi'd in Petrophoni. The supra-anal plate is smaller
than in Pdrophora, and mendiriuious at base and in the middle, the edge
ibrminua broad rim, being solid and (diitinous. The recurved spine atiacheil
to it is very large.

In (J.sabl.ul, there is also an upjjcr solid chitinous jjortion, which is I'nl
and ro.nide.l at the end, instead of pointed, and this portion is niiuh larger
than the niemi)ranous portion, projecting consideraldy beyond it, the expanded
rounded (uid encroaching^ on the membranous jjortion, and nuudi hollowed on
the lower ed^e, sli^ditly simH)Us on the upper and free edge. The supra-anal
plate is broad and solid, with no median suture, ami the end is sliLrhtly exca-
vated. Thus it seems that, while very ddrerent from G. polala, the two
■species agree in having the upper edge of the lateral claspcrs solid and
chitinous. Though quite difl'erent in Ibrm from that of 6'. /W«fo, I should
still regard the dilVerences as sul)g(n)eric.

30

111 Eiipithcda miserulata, the tcnuiiial segment is large, square, and niem-
hranoiis, iniicli as in Lygrh dircrsUlneaiu; but the large spatulate claspers
end on tlie upper edge in a long, recurv(;d, partly ehitinous hook, meeting with
its fellow ()V(!r the spine of the supra-anal plate. This last is membranous,
the oxV^(' solid, with a median solid portion from which the spine arises.
There is also a large sharp inlVa-anal mueronate ehitinous plate.

Ill Eupilliccia absi/iif/iiahi, the end of the abdomen is covered with a
(•onical nieinbrane covered with scales, in which I could perceiv(^ no sutur(>;
aflcr removing the scales with a hair pencil, I was oldiged to rupture the
membrane l)el()re laying open the genital armature. The latter then appeared
covered with scales. From tliis it would appear that immediately ])revioiis to
copulation this mcndjrane is ruptured and possibly cast off. The lateral
claspers are very large, long, pointed triangularly. The supra anal plate is
shoi't and bread, entirely diil'erent from that of E. mhcrulala; the recurved
spine is meml^ranous, forked, and apparently immature The moth was very
fresh, and evidently was not sexually mature.

In one E. auhap/cata which had not copulated, the terminal segment of
the abdomen is conical, with no suture above or beneath, but ])erforated at
the end, out of which projected the extreme tijis of the lateral claspers. This
membranous covering is evidently preputial in its function. The claspers
are entirely diflerent from those of the two other species, being widely and
unecpially forked. The supra-anal plate is much as in E. miscyulata, but
less mend)ianous. The recurved spine is large and solid, with a broad
1runeat(_' tip.

In an individual of Hijdrloinrnu trifasciate, in which the parts of the
armature were separated, ajid the insect had evidently used them, they are
much as in Lygris inincata; the lateral claspers are, however, much broader
at base, snbtriangular at tip; the supra-anal plate is remarkably short, with a
median suture, and terminating in a s(juare exjiansion, from which arise two
long spines, l)luut, not much curved. Thus, here we have a new character
added to separate this genus from Pvlropliora or ( llaiicoptvry.v ; i. c, the liirked
su])ra-anal spine. In Eiipithec'ia m\\y have I seen it se|)arate(l, and then in an
immature individual.

Not havitig liirther time to spend on this subject at prc^sent, I will leave thc!
matter so far as relates to the Ldrrntiinc, and go to another group, merely
rein;irkiuL( in passinif that, alter a study ol" tlie genital ai-mature, it seems an

ni

miiiadiral coinl)iiialion 1o plafo iiiidor a siiiL;k' gone ric licad llic irciicra iinilnl
In Lcdorcr, Slaiuliiigcr, and olliors, iiiidrr CUhiria.

Zerene calcnnria. — In this species tlic lalcial tlaspcis arc large and lonir.
(»val, ol)tusely jjointcd a( tip, with tlie upper edife thickened like the I)ack (if
SI back-saw. The siijira-aiial plate; is wys small, hroail, and slmrt ; llic spine
Ijroad at i)ase, short and stout: the last segment jiartly covers the armatnre.

In Acidalia cnudeata the siipra-anal plate is small, solid, triani,ndar; the
spiiH' large and double; the lateral claspers are very small, full, and i-omidcd,
with a deep sinus on the upper edge. There is akso a pair of laigc. solid
black chitiiious hooks, which 1 liav(^ not noticed in tiie prcvioiisly-ni'iilioned
genera.

In (luotcrla Jidiciildfa the last sei,nnent entirely covers the armature ;
the lateral claspers are very long, mendiranous, extending far beyoml the rest
of the armatnre; the supra-anal plate is very complicated, the end being
divid(Ml into two roinided, llat concave portions, from lienealh which projects
the broad, incurved triangular spine.

In .\pl(j(li'S /)ti//ias(ui(i, the armature is covered as usual: tlu^ lateral
claspers are very long, subsjiatulate, the u])pcr edge chitinous, tin; chitinous
jiortion expanding and bent up al riiijht angles at the end, and ending in a
liroad, mueronate point. The su[)ra-anal plate is rather large, scutellale,
membranous in the middle, and the spine is very long aiul slender, with the
eml blunt.

In ( 'i/niafopkoia iinihrot!Uii(t, the supra-anal plate is moderalely lari^e, acute,
scutellate, ending in a rather sliort spine; the latei'al elas])ers arc; large and
long, nu)dei'ately iiroad, spatnlate, the entl curved up a little and incetiiig its
fellow on the median line of the l>ody : on the inside, at the bend in the outer
edge, is a small bunch of shoit, acute spinules.

\\\ Endropi I hi/'inc(tr'ni, {\\r hif'eral claspers are lari^e, very broad at the
base, somewhat upcurved, the end broad sid)spatulate, a tlee|) sinus on the
upper edge, with a long s[)ine projecting inward tVoni the base ot" the up[)er
edge. The supra-anal p.late is snudl, trianixular, (le[)resse(l.

In Caherodes inetrocnmparii, the lateral claspers are moderalely large,
broad at the base, the up[)er edge straight, the end rounded, the lower edge
bent up a little. It is uiuiiined. The supra-anal |)late is large, broad,
triangular, with the median suture very deep. Tlu.' spine is large, and
reaches as far as the end of I he lateral claspers.

32

Tn conclusion, il seems thai (lie male genital armatnre, irrespective
of the intromilleut orjian, consists of a supra-anal plate, a recurved spine
(usually siniph> and acute), and of a pair of large, subspatulate, risually
simple, lateral claspers ; and that all these ']>ar(s are usually concealed by the
larire, scpian", and open, or conical and (dosed terminal (in the imago) segment
of tlu! al)domen, which is necessarily ruptured hefore the parts can he put to
their normal use.

The male armature is nnudi simi)lcr in the VhalanUhx than in some
of liie Koclnuhv, where the lateral claspers ai'c often very complicated (as in
ILifkna desh-Kctor), though they are much as in Agrotis tessellata. The supra-
anal plate and spine arc much alike in certain genera of the two families.
I doul)t, however, if any reliable family (diaracters, separating the Nodukla^
from the FhaJa;nUhe, can be drawn from the genital armature.

§ 7. C'OMPAKISON WITH OTIIKU FAMILIi:S OF LEPIDOPTERA.

Comparing the denuded head of the rinihenich^ we liave 'described
with a typical Noctuid, such as Mamesfra arci/ca, the eyes in the Pkalcenidce
are fuller, more spherical, nearer together; the clypeus much longer and
narrower; tiie cpicranium is a little smaller in proportion, narrow(^r, and
more elevated, whil(3 tlic occiput is longer in proportion to the width; the
labruni is rather snudler and shorter, while the maxillai arc shorter, smaller,
and weaker. Indeed, the shortness of the occii)ut in Mamestra carries tlic
whole front back, and it is less vertical than in the Phalanidce. This is seen
especially in I'^utrapcla and Ci/diinou, where the front of the head is much
longer and narrower than in the Noditidcc.

Now, turning to the hitherto doubtt'ul genera Don/odes and Pac/ii/cncmia,
they agree well with the ixdations of parts in Mdiiietira. The head is much
alike in both of these genera ; the ocelli arc nearly as large in ])ropfirtion,
and as shining bhudv, as in Afdiitestra, in coku' dilfering entirely from the
ocelli of the riiaUnnidoi, which are almost indistinguishable in color from
the surliice of th(! head. In these two genera, also, the cpicranium is larger
than in any I'hahenid known to me, forcing liack, as it were, the occiput out
of sight, the latter being very short, merely a transverse rim on (he posterior
edge <if the head. The cly])(!us in Dori/adrs is scarcely longer than ils width
at the I)ase, and il is still shorter in Pachijcnciniii, with tin; edge (hickene<l

and iiiiicli roiindi-d. Thr iii;i\dl;r in ilirsc ircnrr;i aic slill slinilcr llian in
aii\' I'lialu'iiid will) \\ liicli 1 am ac(|iiainli'd.

Ill llie venation tlicsr LfciuM'a arr trnr .Xorliiidii; the sulicustal cell is
Ibrnif'd liv the anastomosis ol' tlie second siilicostal \iiiidr with its main vein,
and there are four median veiiides. i'drliiiriiciiiid and Doriiadi's are nearly
identical in their venation. The torincr ireiins, in the siiape of the wings, is
also triilv noctuiform. 1 liav,' l)ecii miahlc to liiid in the aceoiints ot tiie
cateipillar given !)v J'oisdiival. and (|iiotcd liy (inciu'c and Newman, whether
it is a geometer or not, Imt suppose it is: lint thci-c are \i\\'\iv o^' \\m' Nocliiidn-
which are partially loopcrs ; liir example, 'ranirlir rdndefactu has hut three
pairs of alidominal feet, and is a looj)!'!-. The palpi n\' Pachyciiemla are much
like those of the PhaUnikUe.

In Doryodes, Ligi(i,iun\ its ally, Sitdar/ophoia, recently placed by Professor
Zeller* anioiiir the Fhalanidtr, the palpi are truly noctuilorm, as well as the
shape of the wings.

'V\\v PhalanidcKiXYC sometimes contbundtMl with certain Bo/nhi/cidre, i>uch
as Dirpuna and its allies, Plaii/ptcrii.r i\\M\ Dnjopterin. i>ut iu-re a slight exami-
nation of the structure of the head and the venation is siiftieienf to show that
the resemblance i.s one of mere analogy.

With Euphanessa, a near ally of the European genus Nudcuid, the case is
didcrent, since ]Mr. W. Saunders'sf discovery of the larva of this genus. IV
raisinir them from the egg. he ascertained that the larvie are loopers. He says
that "thev were extremely active, aliout one-tenth of an inch long, with
(tvlindrical bodies, and true geometers in their larval (diaracteristics and modi;
of progression." with two pairs only of abdominal Icet.

I have carefully recom[)ared this genus whic h was ])ropose(l by myself and
placed next toi\«r/«y/tf,and am still of the opinion tiiat this is its proper jiosifion.
In th(> small head, with the large occiput and the male irenital arinatnre, it is
much like Crocota; the anteniije and legs are much as in other Lithosians.
Till! venation, though diirerent in some important respects from that
of Crocota (there beinir a sul)costal cell where there is none in Crocota, and
but five subcostal veins where in Crocota there are six), is still Lithosian in

• VerliamUangen der K. K. But. Ziiol. Ges., 1872, 489. Doryodes and Ligia are, in Lederei's (lb."):!)
and Gncnde's works (1657), ,and in Stauilinfjcr & Wocko'.s Catalogue (1871), placed among the Phahrnidu:
Dr. Clemens was the fir.st, as I am inl'dnued by Mr. Grote, to remove DornodcsXo ihn yoduklw. InGrote's
catalogue of the Xorluidu; DonjotUn is included iu that family.

t Canadian Naturalist, iii, tc<71, 227.

a-r II

.".4

its plan, thcic Ix-inii: li"ir median vetius. Uii a IVcsh comparisDii oi Evphanessa
with Euro])eaii f'xani|)les oi' Nudaria, I.fiee no reason to doubt the clear sub-
iiiinilv relations ol' the two yeneni.

In these characlers, then, viz, the smaller occiput and epicranium; tiie
long(!r and larg<!r clypeus, in pr()|K)rtion to the two otlier pieces; in the vena-
lion, lhert> Ix'ing Init three median veins; in the longer thorax, with mon;
oblique flanks, and in the genital armature, as well as less essential features,
the imago Phahenids differ from the BoiiihycidcB.

From the Pyralides, especially the Deltoids, the Phalagiiids differ as
regards the more external characters, /. c, in the shorter palpi, particularly the
second joint, and in fhe fore-legs being simple, without th(; tufts and pencils
of hairs which adorn the legs of the Deltoids; also, in the sha[)e of l)oth pairs
of wings, as well as in tlse want of the long jirojecting scales of the vertex
seen in the Deltoids, and in tlu^ shorter front of the head.

In 11k' nioic essential fealures, such as the form of the pieces of the head,
and the venation, the Phahenids dilfer from the Deltoids in tlie same way as
they do from tlie Xoctuids.

Lama — The Ijody is unusually long and slender, cylindrical, sometimes
slightly flattened; there l)eiiig, besides the three pairs of thoracic legs, usu-
ally two, rarely three or four, pairs of al)dominal legs. The head is usually
not (juile so w ide as the body, but sometimes larger and wider, and is, as a
general rule, smooth, but sometimes angular, or the epicranium is i)rolonged
on each side into a lai'ge tubercle. The alulominal segments are sometimes
(in the higher genera) variously ornamented with tubercles; sometimes, as in
Neiaatoamqui, tbrming long, curved filaments. The supra-anal plate is large,
triangular. 'Vhv terminal feet are often prolonged ])osteriorly at their base
into spines; and there is a ipedian spine projecting between the pedal spines.
The larvai difler from those of the Noetuids and Pyralids in the smaller num-
ber of feet and the looping gait, so tliat, except in a very few instances, where
certain Noctukkc are semiloopers, need they be conlbunded with the larvse
of those liunilies.

They either spin a slight, thin cocoon anH)ng leaves ; or are free, attached
to twigs, or are subterranean, remaining loose under the surfoce of fhe soil,
or forming a rude earthen coeooM.

I'lipa. — As a rule, the pupa is rather thick a little in front of the middle
of the Itody, thence tapering rapidly to a point, the posterior half being con-

ical. Tlif w iiig-covcrs iisuiilly cxtciKl to llic sixth liiii; Iniiii llic nid n\' the
Ixidv, i <:, to (he hinder cdirc of Ihr I'diiith alxlomiiial scirim.-nl. Tlic tip is
;icutc\ ^\ith soiuctiiucs ihrrc pairs of ciirvrd, still' lilainrnls arisiiiLT iVoiii tlie
s<ili<l ti|). As ill A'fDia/iiCduijiii. nr in Aiii-op/ri ij.r. wliich is siilitriTaiiraii, thi-
tcnniiial spiiic is Imiir ainl triradiali' at the end. and thr Iciiii, cniv fd lilannMits
arc wanting.

In the sul)t(rraiicaii Jtiipa', the color is of the nsnal uniform dark reihlish
honi-brow 11 hue. In those which live exposed, tlie color varies, the pupa-
being l)aiided and spotted with whitish and pah'-reddisjj tints.

Compared with the pupa' of the Nocti/idw nnd r;/ndkla% those of the
present family are more pointed, conical, and variegated, while those oj" the
latter are alwavs dull reddish-lirown.

§8. InTKKN.M. anatomy of llIK I.AUVA.

Anatomy of the larva of Zerene catenaria. — 'The following notes are
drawn up from a dissection of the larva of Znrin' cateruirhi. The (Psoidi-
a'fus is not so long as in Dahuia ui'mistra, and its junction with the
])r()veutriculns is not so distinctly marked as in Datatia. 'I'lic intestine
is much as in Dafana. T\w. c(reuin is much the same, lint without the
well-marked longitudinal hands oii it. The six urinary lubes are as in
Dataua; they are once liilded, and the end of the liild reaches nearly
to the middle of the body. The silk-glands are lon<rer than the iiody by
a distance eipial to the thickness of the latter: being shorter than in D.
1/ihiislni, in which they are longer than the liody by one-half the length ot
th(> latter. They are folded in tli<> sarnie manner in l)oth; being folded twice,
the folds parallel, and situated along the under side ol the int(>stiue. There
is a jiair of dorsal yellowisii glands lying parallel to the median line of and
restiiiiz above, the intestine. Eaeli one is as thick as the terminal third of
the silk-glands, not diminishing in thickness in the head as do the latter.
These glands are about oue-tifth the length of the entire body, and pass into
the liead on the sides, and are situated much larther ap;irt than the salivary
glands.

Anatomy of a Netnatus (!) laim — The following notes on the internal
organs of a saw-Hy larva. proi)al)ly Xe/natus, or a closely-allied form, are
introduced for purposes of comparison. The digestive system is nuicii as in
Dataiin mliiisf/a. The cKSophagns is small and short; not so long as the

vpiilricic is wide. The liiltcr is ;i siui|ilr fiibc ol' iiiiiloriii widlli. No ileiiin.
A very small, sliorl (•(rcuiii, as thick as the (I'sopliagiis, and Imt liltic longer;
it is slightly dilated in tin- middle. The .salivary glands are large and well
developed, and w hen stretehed ont are al)out halt' again as long as the body,
but are folded np in short, close, sigmoid tlexures, not in two long folds, as in
lepidopterous larva;. The urinary tubes are about thirty in number and
rather short (there arc; ibur in Bombus larvas), emptying into the pyloric end
of the stomach. Th(> coecum and posterior end of the alimentary canal are
much as in Datana and Zerene, there being no colon.

Aiiatomy of the larva of a Plinjgaii(}d. — To show in what respect the
larvae of the Pliryganeidce dittei' from lepidopterous larvte, I introduce the
tbilowing notes made during the dissection of a larva of this liimily ; the
genus un{()rtunately not determined. The salivary glands are very long,
filiform, and make a long fold opposite the ])ylnric end of the ventricle,
then, turning around a1 the anterior third of the colon, they return, ending
at the pyloric end of the ventricle, extending, when stretched out, lieyond
the body by one-fourth the length of the latter. The alimentary canal.
is no longer than the Ixxly, not l)eing convoluted. The oesophagus is
rather large, efpialing in leuiffh that of the head. It dilates not very sud-
denly into the j)roventriculus, which latter is long and rather large, with
transverse prominent muscles. The ventriculus is about as long as, but con-
siderably larger than, the proventrieidus, elmigate-pyriform, thickest on the
anterior third; the surface is covered with thickened portions like a pave-
ment. The colon is dilated behind the ventricle into an oval region, about
three ttmes as long as thick, suddenly contracting behind, and then dilating
toward the rectum ; the larger anterior region is about one-third as long as
the posterior. '^^IMiere are six long, shuider urinary tubes, reaching, when
stretched out, to rhc head.

§ !). — llABrr.s or the species.

The geometrid moths have not a strong flight. When disturbed, they
rise from their resting-place on the u])per or under side of some leaf, and fly
oil" in a weak, vacillating way, to light on some neigJiboring leaf or trunk of a
tree. They seldom fly mor(> than u rod or two. At rest, they usually spread
the wings almost flat, the hind body Ix'ing nearly uncovered.

The species are found in fields adjoining woods, and in forests. 1'hev

'■pl

:]7

are selfiuni toiiiid in open grass-lands, ;is with tlir Noctiiit/w, cxcciil a lew
species, eliirllv L(ir('i////i(f,\v\nr\\ sratlier about liouses. In Maine, wlierc I luive
observed them for niiiiiy seasons, liic geoinetiid moths begin to a|)|)ear during
the last week in May, when Lozoisraninia dojltiaria begins to appear in dry,
open lields near pine-woods, and soon nHfv -Nenioria gftiluric/, F/doiiia iiotu-
fdiid and tn//i(Y/f(iri(t, Cori/cia re.staliafa and s( mklatata, lead oil' the hosts
lliat soon I'olldw. Hiiring the last of ^lay. I'/cinijr'ui Jluviata and Oclnjt'ta
de^'ignata and ferrugaia enter houses, attracted by the light. About the
middle of June, the £«?e(>;rt<«(i' begin to appear, and are most al)undant late
in June and in July in hard-wood forests. During the middle of Jinie. the
sjieeies of Cjiuiatophora {Bo(ir»ria) and Tephrusia also ap|)ear in pine-woods,
often clinging to the trunks of trees in shady places.

In I^rassacliusctts, the season opens a week earlier, and in the Middle
States a week or two still earlier. In Colorado, Jinie and July are the
best collecting-months. In Vancouver Island, Mr. Crotch collected with
great success in July. In Calitbrnia, the winter-months and March are ffood
collecting-seasons.

1 have not attempted in this essay to generalize the times oi' appearance
of our geometrids, but to carefully give, so far as 1 have been al)le, the dates
ol" capture in connection with the localities.

\S 1(». — DevelopmivNT of the thorax of the imago.

The following observations relate to the development of tin; ditferent
parts composing the segments of the thorax in a Tineid moth. They were
made many years ago on the larvic of a Tineid moth, tiiiind in the nest oi
Odi/nert/s albophalcrattis. The (uiterpillars bad been paralyzed by the sting
of the wasp, and, though incapable of motion, in one or two cases had sutiicient
vitality to |)ass into the ])upa stale. Some of the drawings were made iVmn
lil'e l)y myself; others, from alcoholic specimens, by Mr. Emerton. Unfor-
tunately, the specimens have been lost, and the followiuif description is accord-
ingly drawn up from the sketches, which represent the specimens just as
(hey appeared, with the pupal integument showing very plainly through (he
thin, (ense, larval skin. The species to which the larva belonged is unknown.
It was a green caterpillar, of the usual tltrm, and seemed (o be a Tineid
rather than a Toitricid.

Fig. 1, 1(/, (pi. 7), side-view, shows the liist stage of (he semi-pupa.

38

The nrotlioi.i.'ic iln<f is iincbanged, while the nietathoracic ring is already
much dimiuislied in size, and the oiillines of the primitive form of the meso-
scntum are indicated.

Fig. 2 represents an extremely interesting stage ; the prothoracic ring
is now much smaller ; the mesothorax is large ; the scutum is well marked ;
while the mctathorax indicates the scutum deeply hollowed out, apparently
to receive the mesoscutellum.

Figs. 3, 3o, 4, 4«, 5, 5«, represent a more advanced stage. The thorax
is more swollen, and has assumed somewhat of the characteristic form of the
imago, but the abdomen is still as seen in the larva.

In figs. 6, 6a, the semi-pupal condition is nearly completed. The pro-
portions of the three thoracic segments now approach those of the imago.
The prothorax is still undiflerentiated ; but the scutum is well marl?ed, though
the drawings do not indicate that the scutellum has been separated from the
scutum. The abdomen is now much contracted, and of the pupal proportions.

Fig. 7 is a dorsal view of the end of the semi-pupal stage.

Fig. 8 represents the pupa. Owing to the paralyzed, enfeebled state of
the hirva, the ends of the wings have not reached the end of the depression
in the under side of the abdomen.

The facts here given are, however, sutiicient to show that the transtbr-
niation of the larva into the pupa is a very gradual process, and may be com-
pared with the stages that I have already showed to exist in the semi-pupal
condition of Bomhus* It seems that (he pieces of the thorax are indicated
during (his slage, but lliat the scutum of the prothorax and mctathorax do not
s(!panit(.' until tiie close of the pupal lite, while the mesoscutellum does not
become diiferentiated luitil after pupation. This process must go on in the
hypodermis ol' llu; i)U])a, which is dcslincd to form tlie imaginal integument.

§11. — Skcondary sexual chakactkrs of the imago.

The inore apparent sexual chaiaclcis of the adult Phahenids consist in
the antcnnce being ciliated or pectinated in the male, and simple or sub-
simple in the It-male. The head in trout is wider in the female than in the
male, as in other Lcpidoplcni. The wings, jtarticnlarly the anterior pair, are
broaihu- and blunter at the apex in (he males tiian in the females. The abdo-

" Observations ou tbo Duvelopuient and Position ol' tlie Hyuienontera. — Proceedings Best. Soc. Nat.
Hist., X, 1866, 279.

39 '

men, in fiict (Ik- whole body, is sliorter iiiid siouler in tli(! leiiuile, wliile liie
irenital arniiilnrc is widely diHereiil. These are sexual difTerences (o l)e
found in all the taniilics ol 'mollis.

In llic I'hahi'uids occui', as in sonic Bo>nh)/ci(l<i\ namely, Ihe speeies of
Oigi/ia, geiieia in \\ liieh \hv I'euiales have only the ludiments ol' winsfs.
'I'liere an- also other importani (lifFerenees, which we would draw atlention lo.

The leniale Hyhcrnia (liil'ds from the male in tiie Ixxly being much
shorter and thieker; in the scales being liner and shorter; in the simple
antennae and slightly stouter legs. The palpi are of nearly equal size in botii
sexes, being remarkably short and lianging down. Denuding the head and
thorax, the head is considerably smaller in the female than the male, and tln^
eyes are less rounded. Tlu; front of the head is jjroportionately siiorter anrl
broader, and less depressed between the eyes; the epicianinm and clypeus
are a little fuller than in the male; the clypeus is shorter and broader than in
the male.

But the most remarkable changes are seen in the female thorax, where
the entire fergum ot the thorax is smaller than that of the first abdominal
segment. The female thorax of Hi/benua is so much like that of Anlso-
j)tenjr that I will reserve further descriptive remarks until the thorax of that
genus has been described.

The head and liody of the females Anisopferyx vcrnuki differ from those
of the male, when uudciiuded, much a.s those of the female Hyhrrma from
the male. The differences in the head (pi. 7, fig. 26) are much greater in
Aninopteryx than in Hybeniia, the head being wider. The head is smaller
and much wider in front, and the eyes much smaller in the female than in
the male In the female, the occiput is a transverse, narrow rim; the epi-
cranium is small, narrow, subtriangular; while the clypeus is subscutellate,
as l)road as long, with the front edge narrowing a little, and the margin revo-
lute; the surface is rather convex. The thoraces of the male and female of
A. pometaria have been engraved. The thorax of the male (pi. 7, fig. 13, Voa)
is of the usual form, differing but little from that of Euirapeln. In the female
(pi- 7, fig. 14, 14f/), however, the mesoscutuni is ai)out one-fourth as long as
wide, the hinder edge beuig slightly e.vcavated ; the scutelluni is very short
and wide, transversely narrow lozenge-sha2ie<l. The metathorax is remark-
ably short; the distance between the two halves, which an- widely separated,

• 40

beiin^ equal to tlie l(Migtli of Il)e mesosciitelluin. The metascutelluni is a
very (transversely) narrow piece, nearly obsolete.

The i)lenrites, or pieces of the flanks, are very narrow and oblique.
Above them an; inserted the rndinientary wings, which are minute tubercles;
the posterior p;iir al)ont half as long as the anterior pair. The flanks of the
protlioracic ring, including the co.xte and trochantines, are as large as those
of the two posterior segments. The Hanks of the niesothorax are so much like
those of the metathorax that a description of one will answer for both. The
episterna are long and moderately wide, while the epimera are very narrow,
almost linear. The pieces making u[) the episterna and epimera collectively
are of the same width, and nearly as long as the basal segments of the legs
(coXtB and trochantines collectively). Tlie coxte are moderately wide, while
the trochantines are very narrow, being almost linear.

The thorax of Hi/hen/ia dliYevii in the mesoscutuin being slightly longer,
the hinder edge not being excavated, while the scutellum is not distinctly
lozenge-shaped. The metascutum is much smaller than in Anisoj^teryx, the
two halves being much more widely separated, while the scutellum is very
short, transversely linear, and very wide.

In PhigaUd vevadnta G. & R., the wings of the female are much larger,
the pads being either nearly as long as the thorax or longer and wider in
proportion. They ditfer in size in diiierent individuals. The patagia are
nearly as large as usual. The s])ecimen frt)m which the following descrip-
tion is made is one in which the wings are not (piite as long as the thorax.

The head of the female is a little smallei', and much narrower between
the eyes than in the male: but tiie diiierence between the two sexes is, in this
respect, not so great as in the two other genera. The occiput and epicra-
nium are much as in Hybenna. The clypens is nearly square, being as long
as wide, not narrowing much in front, and very full on the surface. The
pal})i are better developed than in the other genera mentioned ; and (he max-
illa^ are very shoii, as in the oilier genera, scarcely reaching beyond the tips
of the palpi.

The Ihonix is mucli lni-gcr1han in the two other genera mentioned. The
two halves of the prothoracic scudnn ;ire rather snuiUer than in the male, but
well developeil. The meso.sculum is much longer than in the two other
genera, being fully half us long as wide, and rather deeply excavated ])osteri-
orly to receive the scutellum, which is about one-third as long as wide, being

'1^1

narrower and proixirtionalcly hinder Ihan in llic oIIhts. 'I'lic niclalhorax is
much v.un-r like thf male than in Ihc Iwo ()lh(>r ifcncra. 'Hh- two lialves ot
the scninni arc Itroad, similar in I'orni In I hose of ihc niah'. lint inon- widely
separated. 'The scntclluni has the peculiar transversely ohloni;- lunn ef the
male, hnl more cxairurcrated, heintr shorter and wider. The Hanks are nnudi
wider and the pieces shorter than in the two other genera; the principal
dilVm-ence heiuir that the (rochantines of the me.so- :nid nu'ta-thorax arc unudi
wider, more triaiiirnlar. In this and other respects, the thorax of the temale
JVi/^alia is ninch more like the male thorax than in Hi/hcruia and Auho-
pf-ri/x, and this diH'erence in structure is correlated w ith tiie larger whigs. In
all these (diaraelers. the I'emale Phiga/ia is intermediate between the normal
phahiMiid females and the apterous species.

A third st(>p towards the normal female form is seen in the female Ope-
rhoptera bom//(i. i )n examination of a male and female received from Europe,
1 tind the foUowinij dillerences between the sexes: The head is as large, if
not larsjer, in the female as in the male; but th(^ eyes are still somewhat
smaller ami less rounded. Tin- front of the female is much wider. Tiie
palpi are as large and well developed as in the male, being much longer than
in the three previously-named genera, while the maxillte are as long as usual
in normal females, being rolled up between the palpi. The occiput is rather
long and larire: the epicranium large, very convex; cly])eal region srpiare, as
long as wide; orbits well marked; the clypeus narrows a little in front, the
edge bein^r distinctly emarginate : the mandibles as large and setiierous as
usual. The wings are equal in size : 11h> hinder pair being as large as the
anterior i)air. 'I'hey are marked as described beyond in the specific descrip-
tion. In the I'ore wing, the discal cell is very large. Tlu>re is a large sub-
costal cell sirn;it(^d in'ar the apex, and the median venuh>s are very short.
The submedian fold is very distinct, and the internal vein well marked.

Tiie thorax is about as large as in the male; the two halves of tlu; pro-
scutum and teiiuhe much as in the male. Tin- mesoscntum is nearly sfjuare.
The scutellum is large: being hall' as long as wide. The metascutum is very
widely divided, the two halves being nearly as large as in the male; wlnle the
scutellum isol'the usual shape, but very short and w'ulc. The episterna and
epiinera collectively are shorter in pro|)ortion to the coxje and trochantines
collectively than in the three other genera. The co.ve and trochantines of
the metathorax arc much longer and narrower than those of the mesothorax.
We thus have successive stages of degradation from the nearly winged
() p H

•42

female C/ir/}natobia to the entirely wingless Anisoptery.r. The facts are simply

here recorded. Tiie causes which have led to such tiHidamental secondary

sexual diflereuces are interesting subjects for speculation.

In ti)e genus Lobophora, the males are distinguished by the large lobe, or

bubble-like expansion, at the base of the inner edge of the hind wings. In

Calocalpe undulata and the species of Scotosla, the males are distinguished by

the large ear-like expansion of the iniier edge of the hind wing, and by the

tuft of hairs.

§ 12. — Origin of the genera and species.

It will be noticed that the tendency in this work has been to unite what
some might regard as distinct varieties, or even species, as I have myself
done until receiving better material. This course of treatment has been
applied especially to the circumboreal species. It has been done in dealing
with species described by myself as well as others, so that the work has been
performed as impartially as the material would warrant. There is a tendency
in some European authors to multiply species unnecessarily; and it is not
uidikely that many s])ecies of this family will ultimately lie regarded as vari-
eties. At the present day, two methods are in use by evolutionists: one, to
multiply varieties, calling them incipient or "Darwinian" species; the other,
to unite them. It is sometimes a difficult question what to do. The work
should be done on the merits of each case, without being influenced by theory.
This would be easy enough to do if the varieties and species were fixed.
They often vary so greatly that no two persons can agree on the same species;
their opinitms varying with tiie number of specimens and the geographical
extent of the area collected from. Our ideas will undergo a revision when
we know the life-iiisfories : though often the larva' vary much, while the imago
is stai)le.

My descriptions, then, may be looked upon as provisional, and doubtless
will have, to he inodilied. The mimi)er of so-called .species tends to be reduced
as our specimens an<l inti)rniati(in increase.

The genera, also, are as artilicial creations as .species and varieties, "l^he
work of the .systematic i)iologist often amounts to little nH)rc than putting
nature in a sti'ait-jacket.

In some genera, as Hi/ppirfis and Boaniiia and others, scarcely any two
specimens, as they ('xist in our museums, seem to be alike. Sometimes, the
individuals differ so much as to indicate the formation of sports, strains, or
incipient varieties It is so with some genera. For example, had we im

43

Semiothisa califormata, no Phmiane orillata, no Thnmnonoma guenecria, \i
would be rasy to define these genera, and separate llieni Iiy well-marked
characters; but the lowest species combine more or less I lie characters of
the drllerent genera, and the three groups seem to diverge from a Ibriu like
any one of the aliiivc-mcntioiu'd species. Such species are synth(;tic types,
coml)ininu the ciiaraclers ol' \\\c liirce genera to wiiic !i llii'y Ix'Ionir. It is
impossible to say which of tiie three genera is the higher. In liu't, they an;
souK^vhat parallel lornis, like the topmost l)ranclies of a tree. It is so with
tlie genera. Tluiiinionoina and Knjifrliid vary in dill'erent directions in one
or two or three ciiaracters, viz. in the. venation, in the form ol" the abdomen,
in the peripheral charact(Ms, aiid es|>ecial!y cognation. The gvuuti Eumacoria
is one of much interest, as. while closely allied to Sciiiiuth'im in its structural
features, it anticipates Eplouc in its general api)earance and markings, so that
it would l)e easily i-ei^arded as lieloni,nnu to IIk^ Kiinoni'iruc.

It thus appears that tliei'e may l)e syntiietic types among species and
genera. It also appears that there may lie synthetic types lietweeii two fam-
ilies, such as Dori/oilcx iun[ Surlariop/tor// and Lig'ta. wliich are Xoctuids, with
some phaUenid characters.

It is not improbable that these so-called synthetic or comprehensive
types are ancestral t()rms from which other species and genera have diverged.

§ lo. — Mimicry of natural objects.

No cases of mimicry of other insects, so far as I
am aware, are known to occur amonu: the larvjv or
imagines of this family. That, however, the geometrid
caterpillars closely resemble the twigs of the ])lants on
which they rest was noticed by Linuivus in the tenth
edition of" his " Sy.<tema Xatune." The most remark-
able example which has lidlen under my observation is
the larva of Dirpanodcs vitrus. (4. & 1\., which lives on
tin; stems of the jnni])i'r-l>nsli. The best desei'i[)iiou
that could !)e given of it is to say tiiat it would easily
be mistaken, as it holds itself straight out motioidess
by means of its anal legs, for a portion of a twig of the
tree on which it tceds. It is about an inch and a half
long, and less than a Hue in thickness. Its l)ody is (piite

44

rougli, with a lew pn)iniiieii( tubercles, in size and form resembling the scales
left by the iiilling-otl' of Ihe leaves of the juniper.

That this is an illustration of protective mimicry, of service to tlie species,
seems not unlikely. There are so many cases of this sort among the larvje of
this family that it seems unnecessary to adduce other examples.

§ 14. — Terminology.

In describing the head, the term '■\front" applies to the region in front
of the insertion of the anteniise, while the term '■'vertex^'' applies to the por-
tion above and behind the insertion of the antenna?.

As regards the venation, the term '■'venule''' is applied to the branches of
the n)ain veins. The branches are numbered from the first one thrown off
to tlie last, going from the costa of the wing Imckwards (the costa being
regarded as the front edge of the wings when expanded, as in flight). The
costa is tlie front edge of tlie wing; the outer edge is situated between the
apex and the inner angle; the latter situated at the end of the internal vein;
while the innei- edge extends from near the end of the internal vein to the
insertion of the wing. Of the discal vein (which primarily consists of two
veins), the portion sent off" from the subcostal vein is called the anterior discal,
and the venule thrown off from the median vein is called ihc posterior discal.
The vein originating from the point of union of these two veins is called the
independent vein by French authors.

Of the markings on the wings, there are often four or five lines, the inner
of which is called the basal, the second the inedian or intradiscal, and the third
the extradiscal; while there are often a submarginal line and a marginal line,
the latter interrupted by tlie venules. See also the explanations of the plates.

DESCRIPTION OF THE GENEliA AND SPECIES.

Subfamily I. LAIIENTIN^ Packard.

Kiibolkli and Cirfarirfi (in part). ClH^ituli, iltlnnlliidi (\n iiait), Stepli., List L(|>. lir. Mns , 18:i, 189, '200,

2l;{, le.M).
Larenlldw G\Knfe, (in part), I'lial., ii, 'i.'iT, \^i>7.

Head large, ratlicr loiiir, ami free from the tliurax ; front usually full
uud convex, either narrow or hroad and suhtriangidar, ustiafy with a tioiital
interpal|)al tuft. I'alpi usually large and stout, with ihc lliiid joint (|ui1(> long
and pointed, Indd i)eak-like in front ol' the head ; l)ut, in the higher genera,
they olteii l)eeoiue short, not extending far i)eyond the front (very rarely,
however, nut extending to the front), with (he third joint .scarcely distinguish-
able at its base tioin the projecting hairs ot' tlie end of tlie second joint.
Anteniue usually ciliatcil, very rarely with sliort and slender pectinations.
Wings usually large, particularly the hiiuler pair; the fore wings often sub-
falcate, with the costa full, sinuous, outer edge seldom slightly bent : hind
winirs usuallv lar<je and rouiuled, with the inner edge lonsj:, or, in some of the
higher and more alxuiant genera, smaller than usual, short or oval, luit never
aborted; in one genus {Lohophora), with a swelling or Idister near the l)ase
of the inner edge; in two genera {Scofo-sia and Hi/dria), with an ear-like
expansion of the edge and brush-like crest of hair.s. Venation: one, usually
two, subcostal cells; first subcostal venule usually long, but sometimes
scarcely longer than the second ami third; inde[)endent vein situated in the
middle of the discal space; posterior diseal venule usiudly oblitpie and much
bent. Abdomen usually long and slender: nuire nv h'ss tid'ted on the side
ami back, or rather stout, sometimes extending iieyond the hind wings.
Fore legs long and slender, unarmed, in one genus {Lltliostege), with the
•tibias short and thick, hiiul legs long, with the tarsi usually about as long as
the tibia^; in one genus {llaliomniata), thickened, ami tarsi only halt' as long
a;? the tibial.

45

40

This is quito a liomogeneoiis grouj), iti as should plainly be done, we
exclude Opcrlioptcru {Chc'uiiatnhid) (Voni il, wjiich, though included in it by
M. Guenee, slioulil, I tliiid<, t'orni llic \\\^<' otan equivalent group.

As regards the larval and pupal eharaeti'rs, we are, from our imperfect
knowledge, not in a position (o lay down any characters peculiar to the group.
Gueude gives the following characters: " Larvie more or less elongated, with-
out any eminence; slightly or 'not at all attenuated, cylindrical, or distinctly
flattened; mostly green, with distinct lines; head generally small and globu-
lar; living sometimes exposed, sometimes contained in a folded leaf, on trees
and low plants. Pupse contained in cocoons."

As regards the sequence of genera, I have placed Eupithecia first and
lowest, in accordance with the plan of arrangement of the species.

Synopsis of the Genera.

Species small ; fore wings loug and narrow ; hind wings sbort, inner edge shorter than the

outer edge EupHhccia.

Species large ; hind wings large ; costa straighter and palpi shorter than in Pe1roj)lwra .... Glaiicopleryx.

Species smaller than in Glaiicoplcriji ; jialpi loug and slender; wings with many lines Plemijria.

Wings short and broatl ; front of head very fall and convex Epiirifn.

Dift'ers from Pe/TOj;Aora in venation; first three intercostal venules nuich shorter than in

I'elrophora Tlicni.

Wings large and squarish, obloug; apex very obtuse; fore wings with smoky bauds Hi/driomciKi.

Fore wings falcate; head narrow ; palpi long; hind wings shorter than in Glaucopfcriji .. . I'd lopUora.

Antennaj pectinated or ciliated ; outer edge of bind wings sometimes bent Odiiir'ui.

AntennoE always simple, scarcely ciliated; hind wings not bent, sometimes scalloped; spe-
cies often black, with white lines and spots lUunnuiphra.

Head broad; vertex tufted; palpi short; fore wings broad; hind wings produced Autidva.

Fore wings large ; hind wings small, scalloped; both wings with numerous wavy lines. ../-"/(iftu^a^^to-i/x.

Palpi short ; wings with distinct white and dark zigzag lines ; hind wings eared and

tufted ffydria.

Wings acute ; palpi long ; hind wings cared, scalloped IScotonia.

Palpi long; hind wings with very deep scallops Triphosa.

Hind wings very small, with a lobe in the male Lobopliora.

Fore wings narrow, acute, subfakate ; hind wings narrow Carsia.

Species entirely black, with a white band ; wings .short, broad, much rounded at the upcx.Huptria.

Hind tibiiB swollen; tarsi very short; otherwise like Jlcqjtria but with metallic scales Haliiimmala.

Antenna! heavily ciliated ; palpi very short ; fore wings large ; hind wings small Bi.laophilps.

Fore tibiae armed with spines; fore wings very long and narrow Lithostego.

EUPITHECIA Curtis. Plate 1, fig 1.*

Chloroc'i/stis, Tephrodyniia, Dysojmatoge, Tarachia, Lciwocora, Arct/onia, Eucymaloge Hiihu., Verz., 323-324,

1818.
liupilhccia Curt., Br. Ins., pi. 64, 1823-40.
Larcntia Treits. (in part), Schm. Eur., vi, 75, 1828.
EupHhccia Steph., Noni. Br. Ins., 44, 1829.
Larentia Dup. (in part), Lep. France, viii (v), 358, 1830.

' The figures referred to in connection with the genera represent the venation.

47

Eupillmiu Hoisd., (Jen. Iiid., '.'08, IWO.

H.-Scli., Scliin. Km-., iii, IVi, l-^^T.
Stfiih., List I,i'i>. Hr. Mus., 'JOO, 1850.
Lidiner, X'oili. 15. Z. C!rs. Wien, r,v,4, 1H53.
Gucii., riiiil., ii, -i'^!^, \Ku.
\V;ilk., Li'p. Ilct. 111-. Mils., xxiv, I-'IO, 18G2

Head \silli a slmrt liil't of .-scales i)roj(Ttiii<r hctwccii tlic |)al|)i. .Male
initciiiiir stroiiizly cilialrd. Palpi loiii^, porrccl, cxleiidiiiir far bcydiid the
head, soinetiiucs l)y a distance groalcr lliaii the Imiftli (il'llic licad il.-^cH'; llic
outer Iiair (if the .<('C(iiid joint projcctiiii;' Ix'vond the I'ronl ; tliird joint loniz
and sh'nder. liair as loni:- as (he second jnini ; llie palpus is eiilier rather
sleiuler or sloni and iiushy, the third joint slender and pointed. Foie wings
very lony: aiul narrow ; tlic cosla arched toward the a|)ex, wiiich is jiroduced,
subacute, u^^ually more rounded than in Pi'tropJioni ; outer edj^e very oltlique.
Hind wings small, shoit, the apex nuH'h pro(hic(ul, the; inner edge; much
shorter than the outer edge, which is ratiu'r full. Venation: a single sul)-
costal cell; the two discal venules together tl)rin a renKirkai)ly straight Hue. the
jHisterior not i)eiu<r ol)li(pie, in this respect dillering I'roni all the other gencsra
of the suiiliunily. The second subcostal venule eo-originates with the (iftli.
Hind legs as usual. Abdomen rather slender, usually slightly crested dorsally
and laterally. Coloration: gray, with numerous transverse wavy lines usually
present on the hiiul wings; prominent 'discal dots, with conspicuous costal
spots, and usually a l)lack band at the base of the a))domen.

This extensive genus may be readily determined by the small size ot
the sjiecies, the long narrow fore wings, and by the short hind wings, which
are much elongated laterally toward the apex, aud by the inner edge of the
small hind wings i)eing much shorter than the tuU convex outer edge.

The diflerent species vary much in t()rni, and consideral)ly in marking.-?.
C. subapicata has such long wings and unusual style of coloration that I mis-
took it for a ('//csias, which it somewhat resi;mbles.

LaiTii "more or less short; raide ; keeled on the side, often marked
with dorsal chevrons, with a small aiul rounded head ; living on trees or low
plants".

I'upa ''slender, conical, pointed.'' — Guenee.

Thou'di Hiibncr's genera have been usually wcdl indicated, in the present
genus he entirely liiiled to establish a natural group, and his names should
accordingly fall into the rank of .synonyms.

48

SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES.

Atlantic States.

A. Cinereous; discal dot roiaidcd :

Whitish, with two reddish bauds ; one basal, the other subuiargiual E. albicapitata. '

Fore wiugs rounded at the apex; (liree large black costal patches; discal dot ;

large, ovate ; no distinct augulatcd extradiseal line E. ahsynllnata. —

Like £. absi/utJiiala, but larger, with the wings rather more produced ; outer edge

slightly sinuous ; the lines finer, and discal dot much smaller t!. zijijaUcmala. "

Fore wings pointed, with numerous transverse, fine, wavy, black lines, angulated
sharply outward; extradiseal line forming a large right angle opposite the
distinct discal dot, with a notch pointed upward on the subcostal vein ; a
distinct submarginal, wavy, white line ending in large twin spots at the
inner angle; five dark lines on hind wings; beneath, hea*'y black costal
spots aud nuirgiual lines E. miseriilala.

Fore wings still more pointed than in E. m/sen(?»/a, liueated transversely ; beyond
the discal spot, the wing dull carueo-einereous, with the extradiseal liui^ in
the middle; a large rectangle opposite the discal dot; palpi long E. luUata.

Form and size of E. miscrulala, but russet-brown ; extradiseal browu Hue curved

opposite the discal dot E. slnilloiiiiln.

B. Of larae size: whitish; disctd dot verv huear; wings very lung:

White, with brown bands aud patches; costa ri'ddisb-brown, interrupted by clear

white lines E. rarocostalUita. '^

Pacific States.
A. Of rather small size:

Like E. m'mridatu, but with a decided rnsset tinge, more distinct lines, the extra-
diseal less acutely bent, and five lines on hind wings E. rotiiiKhipiiiKtaln.

hika E. roli(ii)loi)iiiictiiUi,hat nearly twice as large, and with still longer palpi;

with similar markings, but smaller linear discal dots E. luiiiiipatjxita.

Like E. ahsjiiiDiiata, but much larg<'r, with the wings much produced, and outer

edge sinuous ; E. bchrciinata.

B. Of larg(^ size, with very long wings :

Like E. rni-ocoslnUata, but more cinereous, with a russet-brown costo-apical patch. i'. neradata.
Larger than the others, reddish brown E. nubapicitUi.

EUPITHECIA ALBICAPITATA, W. sp. Plate 8, fig. 1.

2^,1? . — A ratlier small specit's, wit h large acute ixdpi ; 'a scutellate area
of liairs on tiic vertex, quite distinct from the similar scutel-shaped front,
which rounds to a point moic than usual. Palpi very long and large, longer
than th(^ head, acute, porrect, dark on the sides, jjalcr above; and at the tips.
Anlcmiu} slcn(h'i-, simple, very minutely cihated lieneath. Prothorax doubly
crested, one crest before, one on the posterior edge; the anterior black in
the middle. At l)ase of abdomen, an ol)scnre slight reddisli Itand : a dorsal

49

and laffial row of Mack dots; a basal, narrow, l)lafU, curved linr; l)elwccii
this and the mesial !)lack enrved line, which dilutes very l)roa<lly ou tlieco>ta,
and encloses the large, oval, black, discal dot, is aJ)road reddish Itaiid, darker
on the costa. Between this and 1 lie mesial iiand is a linear dark line. P.eyond
is a broad whitish band, interrupted l)y three l)lack, ol)scnre, broken rows ot
black scales, l)()un(led liy a blacl\ line, w liieh is oi)lique on the costa, innwjr
I'rom wilhiu outward. IJeyond this is a l)road reddish l)an<l, limited e\*ternally
bv tlu' usual waved white line, which is bordered within with i)lackish, w ith
two geminate, black sjiols in the middle, and two others on the inner angle of
the wing: edg(> black: tVinge pale, darker at the base. Hind wings with live
dark lines; discal dot di.stinct. Beneath pale cinereous, with one inner and
two out(n- narrow, dilRise, dusky lines; co.sta dusky; discal dots very distinct;
wings more produced than usual.

Length of body, 0.30; fore wing, 0.3G ; expanse of wings, 0.75 inch.

This small species may be readily recognized by the two pairs of gemi-
nate, dark spots on the outer edge, the two broad rc'ddisli fascia;, and the white
head and white ground-color, and by the two reddish dilfuse bands and large
discal dot.

Quebec, Canada (Belanger) ; Brunswick, Me., June, not uncommon
(Packard).

EupiTUECiA ABSYNTHiATA Linnjcus. Plate 8, figs. 2, 3.

" Geomctra absynthiaia Liun., Fauna Suec, 339, 1701."
" Iliibu., Scbni. Eur., 453, 179(i."
" Dijumatogc ahsijnthiaia Hiibu., Verz., ;tt4, 1818."
Larcutia miniiUita Treits. vi, 105; Siippl., -213, 1828.
" Eiqniliicia notata Stepb. 111. Hans., iii, 286, 1831."
Eupithccia miiiulitUi Boisd., Gcu. luil., 211, 1840.
Eupithecia coatjnlala Gueii., Pbal., ii, :J39, 18.57.

Walk., List Lcp. Het. Br. Mus., x.xiv, 1241, 18C2.
Eiipilhecia geminata Pack., I'iftb Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc, 5S, 1873.

4 <? and 4 2 . — Wings well roumled at the apex, much more so than usual.
Palpi large and stout. Body and wings uniformly rather pale cinereous;
win<'s very free from the usual lines; four costal dots, larger than the
others, the outer oiu; forming a large dark triangle, the third an oblique
line connecting with the discal dot, which is large and very distinct, black ;
an inner one consisting of a few minute, black, fine dots. A line, wavy,
scalloped, submargiual, [nde line, often interrui)ted, and forming a row of dots.
Edge of wing with very narrow, black, interveriular lines; fringe pale dusky

7 P H

50

cinereous, like the'wings, with black spots on the base of fringe on the ends
of the veinlets ; a quite distinct geminate white dot on the inner angle of the
foie wings, being the last of a series of submarginal dots, not forming a
continuous wavy line as in E. miserulata. Hind wings with wavy, acute,
zigzag, pale and cinereous lines on tlie outer edge; discal dot distinct;
edge and fringe otherwise as in lore wings. Beneath, these markings are
repeated, with the addition of quite a distinct submarginal dusky line common
to botli wings. Abdomen with a Ijroad black band near the base.

Length of body, 0 30-0.34 ; length of fore wing, $ , 0.38, 2 , 0.45-0.50 ;
expanse of wings, 0.70-1.00 inch.

London, Canada (Saunders). Maine, July 8-24 (Packard) ; Boston,
Mass. (Harris Coll., Sanborn, Strattt)n, and Morrison).

This common species is easily known Ijy the twin dots on the inner angle
and the large triangular costal dot; by the indistinctness of the usual lines;
by the large costal dark spots; and by the rounded wings.

Li the female, the wings are more acute and larger, and the fringe
shorter, than in the male. Li a large female from Boston, the lines are unusu-
ally heavy; seven of them being traceable, exclusive of the submarginal white
line. The black costal spots are also conspicuous.

Upon comparing two European examples with those from the Eastern
States, I am unable to find any differences that I can put into words, or that
would amount to varietal differences. The European ones are a little tinged
with russet, and the submarginal white line is more interrupted. The New
England examples vary more among themselves than some of them do from
the European examples received from the Vienna Lnperial Museum. Its
range in Europe is said by Staudinger {Catalog) to be Central and Northern
Europe, Middle Lapland, and Sicily. It is doubtfully regarded as an inhalv
itant of the polar regions of Europe. According to Newman (111. Nat. liist.
Brit. Moths), it is common in England, and occurs in Scotland aiul Ireland.
As species of Petrophora, Odiyim., and Hydria, &c., are common to the two
continents, it is natural that some species o^ Euplthecia should be found to be
circumboreal. It agrees well with Guenee's description. There is, how-
ever, no reddish tinge in any specimens I have yet observed.

Larva. — Mr. Crewe has written thus of the caterpillar: " It would be
impossible to give an accurate description of the almost endless varieties of
this most variable caterpillar. They run so closely into each other that it

would 1)(' an almost iKM-ciilcaii task to separate fliem. 'I'lie >ri-oiiii(l-eolor is
either deep rose-color or dirty rcddisli-brown, w itli a series of reddish lozeiigt;-
shapcd spots down the center of the l)ack, generally beconnng fiiint or con-
fluent toward the head or tail. In the green variety, these spots are often
entirely wanting; on each side is a number of narrow, slanting, yellow stripes,
forming a sort of border to the dorsal spots; spiracular line waved, yellow;
body wrinkled, thickly studded with minute white tubercles, and somewhat
more sparingly with short white hairs ; segmental divisions yellow ; it is thick
and stumpy, tapering but little. It feeds, from the end of August to tiie begin-
ning of November, on the flowers of the common yeUow and hoary-leaved
ragwort {Senecio jacohcea and <S'. enicifolius), on the hemp-agrimony {Eupa-
tonu7n cannahhium), the mugwort {Artemisia vulgaris), the yarrow {Achillea
millefoHum), the golden-rod {Solidago virgaurea), and other plants. The
chrysalis, which is inclosed in a tightly-si)an earthen cocoon, has the wing-
cases bright-green, the rays very |)romiiient, the thorax yellowish-green, and
the body reddish-yellow, with a dark-green dorsal line." — Newmans British

Moths, 136.

EUPITIIECIA ZYGADEXIATA, 71. sp. Plate 2, fig. 7.

2 5. — A little lighter in hue than E. ahsynthiuta; similar to that species
in form, but the body is much stouter, with the w ings much mor(> produced
toward the apex, which is much less rounded than in ahsi/nthiafa ; while the
outer edge of the wing is sinuous, that oi' absj/nthiata being full. Palpi rather
longer and larger than in that species. Fore wings crossed l)y about ten
slight, wavy, dark lines, bent outward a little below the costa; the lines
become more oblique beyond the discal dot; the line situated half way
between tiie discal dot and the edge of the wing is_ curved inward between
the costal edge and the last subcostal vein. The usual submarginal white line
is present, but the white spot on the inner edge, is slightly marked. The
discal dot is much smaller and more linear than in ahsynihiata. The hind
wings arc much as in that species, but the lines are much finer and narrower;
beneath of the same tint as above, with the lines feebly reproduced, the most
conspicuous line being the one situated midway between the discal dot and
the outer edge of the wing. There are several dark spots on the costa.

Length of body, 5, 0.45; of fore wings, 5, 0.50; expanse of wings, 1.00

inch.

Bojque Comity, Texas, March 23-24 (Belfrage).

52

Larva. — Mr. Bellrage, who lias reared the moth from the caterpillar
(fi<'ured on one of the plates), and has sent me specimens alive, tells me that
it feeds on Zygademis nuttaU'd Gray (kindly identified by Mr. S. Watson).
lie says : " Tiie larva is flesh-colored, with dark spots, and feeds on the
flowers. It is gregarious, and appears during the flowering of the plant, viz,
late in April and beginning of May, at the end of which time it transforms to
a reddish-brown i)U[)a, which is not hatched before the next year, about the
time when the plant commences to flower, or shortly before. It is not rare.''

In living sjjecimens received from Mr. Belfrage, the body is very broad,
thick, somewhat flattened; the ground-color yellovvisli-orange, including the
head, which is immaculate. There is a dorsal and two lateral rows of large,
conspicuous, black blotches, the lower lateral row not seen from above.
Beneath is a row of small median black dots.

Length, 0.60 inch.

EupiTHECiA MisERULATA Grote. Plate 8, figs. 4, 5.

Enpilheda miscnilala Grote, Pioo. Eut. .Soc. Pliil., ii, 32, pi. 2, fig. 4, 1863.
EiipUhecia interrupto-fanciala Pack., Fifth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc, .SO, 1873.

6 '^ , 6 2 . — Head and body cinereous ; anterior edge of front with blackish
scales along tlie orbits. Palpi rather long, scarcely so large as in E. ahsynthiata,
whitish above, dark on the sides. Antennae finely ciliated beneath, above
minutely annulated with black. Tliorax cinereous, uniformly concolorous
with the wings ; a transverse black band in front, ending on the patagia. Fore
wings uniformly cinereous, with indistinct lines or bands; on the outer third,
beyond the discal spot, russet-brown between the veinlets. Veinlets dotted
with black scales; on the costa, three dark, indistinct spots within and two
beyond the discal spot, the two outer ones being the largest, and sending faint
lines across the wings, all bent outward at right angles below the costa.
Discal dot large, distinct, black ; beyond is a l)road transverse area, where
tiie v(;inlets are dotted more thickly with black scales than elsewhere;
bounded beyond by a wavy, doubled, elbowed line, extending from costa to
median vein ; between the angle and the costa the line is bent inwa«-d on the
subcostal vein ; subinarginal whitish line very narrow, more zigzag and linear
llian usual, often interrupted, consisting of intervenular dots, edged externally
with dark scales. A geminate white dot on internal angle, very distinct, form-
ing a V, with the lower dot much smaller than the upper. Fringe long, cine-
reous, interrupted with dusky on the end of the veinlets. Hind wiuiis with

a rouiiil, small, lull distinct diseal dot; an indistinct snl)niarginal hand; five
dark bands on the inner cd'jc. wliicli do not pass lieyond tlu" median vein.
Margin of wings nniHuinly dusky, witiioul any light or dark scales. (Jii
second ring of ahdcuncn, a Wroad black band, interrupted l)y a i)ale, mesial,
white, narrow band, wliicli extends along six rings, with a mesial black dot
on each ring. Sides of abdomen with i)rownisli scales; extreme lip pale
luteoiis. ^largin ofl)otli wings black; fringe as in tore wings; beneath c;lear
cinereous, with no i)rown scales; the broad costal <lark bands inclosing two
much smaller bands; a short line half-way between diseal dot and outer edge
of wing. Margin of both wings du.sky, containing a white liair-line; fringe paler
than margin of wing. Hind wings with five dusky lines, two within the di.scal
dot (sometimes wanting); the third, including the dot, very narrow; the two
outer ones broader, especially the submarginal one, w^hich reaches to the edge.
Length of body, 0.20 ; length of lore wing, 0.30 ; expanse of wings, 0.85

inch.

London, Canada (Saunders) ; Norway, Me., common (S. L Smith. Mus.
Comp. Zool.); Boston, Mass. (Harris Coll., Sanborn, Morrison); Nantucket,
Mass., August (L. L. Thaxter, Mus. B. S. N. H.); Catskill Mountains, New^
York (Mus. Comp. ZooL); Albany, N. Y. (Lintner); Pennsylvania (Mus.
Comp. Zool., Amer. Ent. Soc); Ohio (Morrison); Missouri (Kiley, No. 40);
"West Virginia, April 9 (Mead) ; near Waco, Tex., June 6, October, Novem-
ber (Belfrage).

Differs from E. Strattonata, to which it is rather closely allied, by the
wings being more cinereous, and beneath with no brown scales at all; by the
geminate white V-shaped spot on the inner angle, and the five lines on the
under side of the lund wrings, which only appear on the inn(M- (Mlge above; by
the interrupted black band on the second abdominal ring, and the white line
on six rings, each ring clouded by a black dot; and by the very pale luteous,
straight, converging hairs of the extremity.

This is our most common species, and may be distinguished by the
pointed lore wings, with the numerous transverse lines angulated sharply out-
ward, the extra-discal line forming a sharp angle o^jposite the diseal dot, and
notched inward ou the subcostal vein; by the distinct subinargiual wavy
white line ending in a large wliitc twin spot at the inner angle; by the fine
dark lines on the liiiid wings; and by the heavy black costal spots and mar-

ginal lines on the under side.

54

'rii()u<ili Grolf's miseriduta was evidently described and figured from
a rul>ltc(l example, I am now inclined to regard iny interrupto-fusciafa as a
synonym of it. It is very closely allied to the European E. innotata Hfn ,
but tlie wings are less produced toward the apex, and, consequently, the lines
are less oblique ; but their arrangement is almost identical, so much so that I
am half inclined to regard our species as a climatic variety of the European
form. Jt is much like E. arcencata Boisd., but wants the inward subcostal
bend, so well marked in E. mnofata. The twin white spot on the inner angle
is larger and heavier in our species tiian in E. innotata.

In two females from Texas, the markings are more distinct than above
described, and there is a)i obscure sulnnarginal row of white dots on the hind
wings. From E. ahstjnthiata it differs in the longer wings, and the presence
of lines in the middle of the fore wings, while the discal dots are smaller.

It is still possilde that my E'. interrupto-fasciata is distinct from Grote's
miseru/jita, of which I have seen tyjies; but it can only be decided by better
specimens liian I have been able to get together. Should they be distinct,
interrupto-fasciata may l>e retained for the specimens with rather blunt fore
wings and distinct ungulated lines, with black streaks running inward on the
veins from the extradiscal line.

1 have received from Mr. Behrens, of Californa, three well-preserved spe-
cimens, which scarcely differ from the immaculate variety of this species, some-
limes occurring in the Atlantic States. They are males, with the fore wings
narrow and much pointed. The usual lines arc only represented by slight
costal spots; the sul)inarginal wliite line is very fivint, as well as the twin spot
at tlie inner angle. The liind wings are well rounded at the apex. The fore
wings are deep ash-lirown, with a tawn-eolored tinge along the co.sta and the
veins. The hind wings are without markings and whitish, except on the
inner edge; but l)eneath are two rows of black dots, less difluse than in east-
ern specimens. ■

1 have specimens from the town of Ohio, 111. (Morrison), (see pi. 8, fig. 5),
and have others from Norway, Me. (M. C. Z.), in which the wings are sliorter
and the apex squarer tliau usual, with the lines very distinct, the discal dots
Du both wings heavy, and with a distinct, dark shade on the outer third of
the wing, with a waved wiiitish iiair-line passing througji the middle, while
beneath the d(»ts and lines and shades are very heavy. The wings expand
f).G(j inch. I am at prcsriil inclined to regard this as a variety of miscrulath,
though it may prove to l)e distinct. It is [)ossibly Walker's E. implicata.

55

harm. — Of llic cliarafteristic lorin, beiiiii nttlicr thick in llic middle;
tlio body seen dorsally deereasing in thickness iVoni the tail to tlic liead.
Supra-anal plate large, trianiinlar, not acutely j)ointed, deep red, white on the
edges. Head small, not so wide as protlioraeic ring, pea-green, color of the
leaves on which it teeds; dorsal line dark-green; sub(h)rsal white, and a w ider
lateral white line. Segments transversely wrinkled. Body |)rovided with
short, black, scattered hairs.

Length, 0.50 inch.

Food-plant, juniper {Taxus baccaia Linn.).

Pupa. — On June 4, the larva began to spin, the pupa being inclosed in
a slight white cocoon. In the body of the pupa are four segments beyond
the end of wings (in Cleora 2>ulchraria six), of the usual family-form; thorax
and under side of wings and limbs with a greenish tinge; rest of ImhIv pale
horn-brown, as usual. Head full, convex between the eyes. End of abdo-
men with a long rounded spine, with three pairs of long hairs, ciirved out-
wards at end.

Length, 0.28 inch.

I am indebted to Mr. S. E. Cassino for the discovery of this larva near
Salem, Mass., which he reared and drew. The moth had the wings imper-
fectly developed, but I think that it is, without much doubt, this species.

EupiTHECiA ROTUNDOPUNCTATA Packard. Plate 8, fig. 6.

EupUhecia rotundojpuncta Pack., Proc. Bost. S. N. H., xiii, 39."), 1K71.

3^,3 9. — This species is of the more usual form, and very closely resem-
bles E. miserulata. The palpi long, slender, reaching fiir beyond the head.
General color pale russet-brown. Head, palpi, and body like the wings. Fore
wings covered with wavy brownish lines, dull whitish l)etween. Discal dot
large and round. Just beyond the discal dot, there is a clearer band, consisting
of two double lines, which are directed ol)li(|uely inward and downward toward
the discal dot, and are then suddenly curved outward opposite the discal dot;
below th(! curve is a series of black dots and streaks inside tjie band, suc-
ceeded by a more dusky band, widening on the costa, and lined externally at
intervals with whitish; a distinct slightly-waved line, ending in two larger
white spots at the internal angle ; at base of frinire, a row ol" infervenular,
deep-brown, linear spots ; fringe conc(dorous with the rest of the wing, check-
ered with lilack on the l)asal half Hind wiuirs clear in middle and on costa;

5B

;i sul)in;irgii]a], zigzag, brown line, and marginal row of intervenular linear

spots on the submedian space and inner edge ; five lines only extending as far

as tlie median vein. Beneath, the dusky discal dot and hand and submarginal

white line is distinct; wings checkered on the costa, with a submarginal

dusky band ; a marginal row of intervenular linear spots, and a dusky spot on

the fringe opposite the end of each venule; hind wings with five well-marked

lines, two beyond tlie discal dot.

Length of body, <? 0.30; fore wing, <?, 0.40-0.50; expanse of wings,
0.75-0.95 inch.

California (Edwards) ; Sanzalito, February 26 (Behrens).

It is allied to E. 7niserulata, but the wings are more russet-l)rown, and
the lines are more distinct ; the extra-discal line is curved farther from the
costa, and the lines on the hind wings are much more distinct. It seems to be
tlie most common species in California, as abundant as our E. mhcndata.
The submarginal line sliould l)e represented on the plate as waved.

Edpithecia longipalpata, .sp. 11. Plate 9, fig. G.

2 <?. — Palpi very long, nmch longer than in an undescribed species closely
allied to this; extending by a distance beyond the head greater than the length
of the latter; third joint long and slender, acute. Fore wings long, the apex
produced, but elongated; outer edge very oblique; hind wings more pointed
toward the apex than usual. The moth is much of the form of rotuwlo-
punctaUi., but nearly Iwico as large, while the hind wings are more acute.
The cohn- and markin^rs are much as in that s|)ecies. The fore winjj is
crossed by about ten wavy black lines, but two douldc dark lines (sending a
slender point out into the discal space), situated half-way l)etween the base
of the wing and the extradiscal prominent wavy line, are the most prominent
lines. This last line is bent sliarply Ijclow the costa, and is followed by a clear
space. Half-way between tlie clear space and the edge of the wing is a sub-
marginal row of white dots, with a large V-shaped spot on the inner angle.
A marginal inlerrupted black line. Fringe jmle-ash, checkered distinctly.
Hind wings with four well-marked wavy black lines, and a submarginal row
of while spots. Discal dots much suiallcr, more linear than in rotundo-
jmnctata; larger on (he under side of the wings. Beneath l)olh winirs paler
than above, wi(h an intra- and extra-discal l)road blackish l)an(l, and on the
fore wings the niai-iiin of the wing is broadlv shaded with blackish. On the

57

hind wiiiijs, tliorc air two cxtia-discal liiius, but the cdjin of the wiiisr !■« chnir,
witli a bhu'k interrupted marginal line. Abdomen long and slender, with a
blaek band at base and a lateral linear l)lack stripe.

Length of l)ody, <?, 0.45 ; of fore wings, <?, 0.52 ; expanse of wings, 1.05
inelies.

Mendocino, Cal. (Behrens), ,

Somewhat like E. rotundopuuctata in its shape and style of markings,
l)ut witli more acute hind wings, and nearly twicf; as large.

EuPiTiiECiA LUTKATA Packard. Plate 8, iig. 7.

Eiipilhccia Uileala Pack., I'loc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xi, 4G, 1807
Eiqtilliecia palpala Pack., I'il'tli Kep. Peal). Acad. Sc, SS, 1373.

2 (?, 1 9. — Fore wings long, more pointed than in E. miserulala. Palpi
unusually large and stent, Inoad at l)ase, acute, extending out farther than the
width of the head: dark gray, with light scales; tips luteous. Head dark gray;
front edge black. Fore wings crossed Ijy tlirec; blackish lines, very regularly
curved and parallel to each other, represented on the hind edge by a black dot
on the costa; the wing, in the middle and along the hind edge, somewhat lute-
ous; a liroad, luteous, extra-discal space, witii black speckles and striga; on the
veins; a submarginal row of white dots, shaded within with black, ending in
the usual geminate white dot; edge of wing black. Fringe very long, luteous,
cinereous, interrupted by broad, dark, scpiare patches at the end of the veins.
Hind wings with four obscure dark lines, the second inclosing the discal dot;
discal (lot black, distinct, edge Idack. Fringe as on fore wings. Abdomen
cinereous, with Idack scales; a black line on each side : tip .squarely trun-
cated, though longer than broad, with long, straight, blackish scales. Beneath,
pale-ashen, with two outer black lines, and on hind wing four dark lines;
fringe with smaller dusky spots than above. Abdomen pale beneath. Legs
pale, uniform with the body and wings.

Length of body, 0.35-0.38 ; fore wing, 0.40-0.43 ; expanse of wings,

0.85 inch.

Caribou Island, Straits of Belle Isle, Labrador, July 14, 1860 (Packard;;
Brunswick, Me. (Packard); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus); Albany, N. Y.

(Lintner).

This is not a common species. It may be readily recognized, as it ditlers
in the much-pointed wings; the large, stout, acute, black palpi: the four regu-
8 p H

58

larly-iuirvefl .parallel black lines on both wiugs, seen more distinctly beneath;
and by the broad, clear, flesh-yellow, or luteoiis band between the discal dot
and tlic extra-discal line.

The Labrador specimen does not difler from those from Maine and Mas-
sacluisetts, except that it is rather-larger. (Length of body, 0.35 ; fore wing,
0.42 inch.)

The following is a description of the Labrador example:

More luteoiis on the fore wings than usual. Palpi rather stout; hairs
scarcely as long as usual; front dark cinereous. Fore wings cinereous, with
darker scales, especially on the costa and toward the apex ; the I:)ase of the wing
is crossed by dark ditluse lines ; discal dot larger, more diffuse than usual ;
beyond is a broad luteous band, very diftiise and irregular, but free from dark
scales, and stili beyond is a submarginal, diffuse, blackish band ; fringe as
usual. Secondaries with a dusky discal spot ; edge of ring black ; fringe
long, cinereous, interrupted by narrow dusky spots; inner margin of the wing
with blackish scales, gathered just beyond the discal dot into a faint diffuse
line, disappearing toward the middle of the wing.

Length of body, 0.35 ; of fore wing, 0.42 ; expanse of wings, 0.85 inch.

Caribou Island, Straits of Belle Isle, July 14, 1860.

Tliis species is much larger than several allied forms from Maine, and
the discal dot is more diffuse and larger, the space beyond luteous, more clear
from dark scales, while the anterior two-thirds of the hind wiugs are clearer.
Beneath, the discal dot is distinct, on tlie fore wings being black, linear, with
an outer shghtly sinuate line; a Hi tic dusky on the costa and outer edge. On
the hind wings, a dusky liiie, more distinct than above. Legs pale, as usual.

Eupithecia STKArToXATA Packard. Plate 8, fig. 8.

Eupilhctia Strallonala Tack., Fifth Krp. I'.al). M-.u\. Sf., (jn, ISTIi.

L 9. — Fore wings acutely pnxluccMl, less so than in E. liitvatd; outer
margin quite oblirpu'. Head and palpi dark-cinereous; palpi acute, extreme tip
pale; thorax covered witli Ijrownisli scales; abdomen l)anded wiih pale-ashen,
the broadest l)an(l on the liasal joint. Fore wings light russet-brown, with
brownisli-oc;lire()us scales; costal margin rusty-cinereous, with five blackish
S])ots, eacii sending an obscure russet-brown line across the wing, the extra-
discal one beiiiii iiiosi distiiut, and regularly curved opposite the discal dot;

59

beyond is m broad, difl'iiso, submargiiial, russct-browu band; I hi- one just
bcibre the discal d(»t largest, square. ^liddlc and outer inargiu ol' tbe wing
brownish; a sidjuiarginal, pale, obscure line; a tew l)lack striga; and dots on
the median and internal veins on basal half of tlie wing; and a short row of
black venular dots just beyond the discal dot. \\ hieh is very distinct, on a
cinereous ground. ]\Iargiu of wing black; fringe long, dusky, with intcrven-
ular l)la(d\ linear spots. Hind wings cinereous, with lilaek speckles at base,
outer third brownish; a short, w'avy, whitish, geminate line, beeoniing ol)so-
lete toward the middle of the wing, with a single pale dot on the inner angle;
no discal dot. Beneath brownish, esi)ecially externally ; discal dot very dis-
tinct, small on hind wings ; an extra-discal narrow liand and a marginal broad
brown band common to both wings.

Length of body, 0.28 ; length of fore wing, 0.38 ; expanse of wings, 0.82
inch.

Natick, Mass., July 17 (Stratton).

This is not a common species, but one example having as yet occurred.
It may be known by the rusty-brown wings, an outer, pale, curved line, includ-
ing black dots; by the costa being paler, with live black spots; and by the
want of the usual zigzag, waved, pale, and dark lines, the extra-discal line being
regularly curved opposite the discal dot.

EuPiTHECiA Behrensata, sjh n. Plate 9, fig. 5.

1 ^ ._A very large species. Head, body, and wings of a uniform gray ash-
color, being of much the hue of E. absijnthiata ; without the usual lines and
markings, being the most clear gray species yet known from Calilbrnia. Both
wings very much elongated toward the apex, being narrow , oval, and rather
more pointed than in E. suhapkata. Fort; wings with a prominent. sul)linear,
rather thick, black, discal dot. No costal spots. Two very faint, narrow,
intra-discal lines, very oblique below the costa. lieyond the discal spot an^
traces of four very obUque, black, parallel lines, and of a submarginal, white,
wavy line, with a bent, white, narrow si)ot near tlu; inner angle. A faint
discal line, and traces of the begininngs of two or three lines, on the hind
wings. On the second segment of the abdomen is a prominent l)lack i)and,
and there is a dorsal and lateral row of black dots. 'Y\\v under side; of tin;
wings exactly' as the upper, except that the discal dots are much smaller, and
there are no traces of lines.

60

Length of body, <?, 0.42 ; of" fore wings, <?, 0.60 ; expanse of wings, 1.20
inches.

Sanzalito, Cal., April (J. Behrens).

I take pleasure in dedicating this fine species to Mr. James Behrens, its
discoverer. It is one of the largest of the genus, and may be recognized by
its large size and the pointed wings, the outer edge of the wings being sinu-
ous; also by the absence of the usual markings. It is but little rubbed, and
so well marked that I venture to describe it. There is no species in the
Eastern States like it.

EUPITHECIA RAVOCOSTALIATA, SJ). 11. Plate 8, fig. 9.

1 9 . — This exceedingly pretty species is, in form and size, intermediate
between E. miserulata and subapicata. Like E. nevadata, the head is very
prominent, the wings very long and subacute, the outer edge of the fore wings
being very oblique. The palpi are very short and thick, broad: the third joint
very short, minute, and passing Init slightly beyond the front. Head and thorax
white; palpi and front edge of the head dark tan-brown. Wings whitish-
ash. Costa of fore wings dark russet-brown, almost tan-color, interrupted by
fine white spots, the widest one being beyond the discal dot, wliile the one
over the discal spot is very faint. Tlie discal spot is black and linear, oval.
The middle of the wing is whitish. There are faint traces of transverse lines,
more distinct on the inner submedian region of the wing, whicli is tinged
irregularly with russet-brown, with wavy, transverse lines. On the bases of
the median branches are fine tan-brown streaks and dots. A double, white,
extra-discal, wavy, somewhat interrupted line is bent outward below the costa,
and sends a pointed scallop inward on the second and third median venules,
and again on the internal vein ; beyond, a broad, interrupted, russet-brown
band, beyond which js a wav^-, distinct, submarginal, white line, beginning on
the costa midway between the apex and the extra-discal costal spot (the
beginning of the extra-discal line). Hind wings white on the costal half;
behind ash-colored, with tour fine, wavy, white lines, the fourth (and sub-
marginal) being distinct and sharply zigzng. Marginal white line interrupted
by white dots. Fringe on both wings long, wliitish-ash, with a broad, basal,
smoky line, and checkered with smoky-ash; beneath whitish, with more
regular lines than ajjove. Costu dull smoke-gray, interrupted by dull white
spots. The four discal dots large, black, very distinct; several obsolete trans-

61

verse lines, and » submarginal, broad, smoke-gray liaiid, fiUiiii: up llic scallops
of the siibiiiargiiial white line. On the under side nl' ihi^ hind winirs, wliicli
arc white, are four well-marked lines, two witliin and Iwo Ixyond tlie large
round diseal dot; Ilic two outer lines arc deeply scallo[)e(i, flic points lung
and parallel : Ihc marginal line of round or triangular dots is very distinct.
Abdomen l)rown. Legs l)rown, sj)ottcd witii wliite.

Length of body, 9, 0.32; of (i)re wing, 9, 0.46; e.\pan.-;e of wings, 1.00
inch.

Norway, Me. (S. I. Smith; Mus. Comp. Zofil.).

One of (he best-marked species of the genus. It is separated from the
others by the long wings, short obtuse palpi, the white head and thorax, and
the deep-russet or tan-brown costal edge of the fore wings, interrupted by
white spots, and contrasting with the white surface of the wing; and by the
multilineated hind wings.

EuPiTHECiA NEVADATA Packard. Plate 8, fig. 10.

Eujulhecia iici-adala Pack., Pioc. Bost. S. N. H., xiii, y'Jr>, IdTl; svi, pi. 1, fig. 2, 1S74.

4 (? , 2 9 . — In this pretty species, the wings are much longer than usual ;
the outer edge being very oblique, the head very prominent, the prothorax l)eing
rather long, and the palpi rather short, very broad, passing beyond the front
by a distance equal to that between the base of the antennse; while, in the
species previously described, the palpi surpass the front by a distance ecpial to
the lengtJi of the head itself They are black, with a few white scales along
the middle of the side; front edge of front blackish; front itself and vertex
whitish; thorax whitish, with a few l)]ack scales. Fore wings pale-gray. Base
of costu dark tan-brown, t(>rminating al)ruptly in a sliglitly-curved black line,
ending in the middle of the median space ; costa throughout dark reddish-
brown, interrupted by four white spaces. Just before the middle of the wing
is an obliijue blackish band, directed outward and passing l)clow the subcostal
vein. Just above the raised diseal dot is a square, dark-reddish, costal patch,
succeeded by two white, short lines. Half-way between these and the apex
are two twin white costal bands, with a broad, dark-red patch on each side.
Beyond is a squarish, reddish-brown i)atch, and the extreme apex is gray.
The i)asc of the wing below the costa is quite clear, with .-scattered dark
scales, and a black linear spot on the end of tlie median vein at the origin of
its branches. From this spot, a linear reddish line extends to the diseal dot,

(J2

;ui(l l)cl(i\v two dusky lines extend to the inner edge of wing, the inner being
the wider. The discal dot is curvilinear, l)hicl<, very distinct, edged with
white externally, and raised, forming a higli crest. A few red scales are scat-
tered over the space inside the discal dot. Beyond the discal dot is a broad,
clear, pale-gray band, with a row of longitudinal, black, linear spots on the
outer edge, becoming longer toward the costal edge of the wing. This broad
space terminates on the subcostal vein; it is limited on the outer edge by a
wavy, light line. Beyond is a row of reddish, diffuse patches, forming a wide
series of scallops. The outer edge of the wing is dusky-gray ; along the base
of the fringe is a linear, narrow, black line, interrupted by tiie ends of the
venules. The long fringe is dirty-white, witli slightly darker scales. Hind
wings clear on the costal and median areas, with a distinct, round, discal dot;
the inner and submedian region covered with dark and light alternating,
crinkled lines, most marked on the venules. Beneath, fore wings clear, with
costa dusky at base ; discal dot distinct, linear, extending nearly to the costa.
Half-way between it and a subapical black patch is a black line consisting of
two dots. Beyond the discal dot l:)oth wings are lineated finely with black
and gray, and the black line at base of fringe is very distinct.

Length of body, 0.40; fore wing, 0.50; expanse of wings, 1.05 inches.

Nevada (Edwards) ; Sanzalito, Cal., February 14, 26 (Behrens).

This beautiful form may be recognized by the whitish-ash wings, with
russet-brown mixed with dark-ash bands and patches, and the russet-brown
costo-apical patches. It is closely allied structurally to E. ravocostaliata.

EupiTHECiA suBAPicATA Guende. Plate 8, fig. 11.

Eupithecia subapictita Guen., Plial., ii, 3IU, 1857.

Chesias occideiitaliata Pack., Proc. Bost. S. N. H., xiii, 404, 1871.

16 <? and 9. — The fore wings are lanceolate-oval; the outer edge of the
wing being very long and oblique, and as long as the inner edge of the wing.
It is russet-brown, tlie vertex being considerably paler than the front of the
head and palpi. The male antennae are finely ciliated beneath. Fore wings
russet-brown, with dark scales along the veins and their branches. No distinct
markings or transverse stripes except a pale, whitish, slightly zigzag, marginal
line, most distinct near the inner edge of the wing, and near the apex touching
on the outer end of a large, cnnsijicuous, ol)liqne, ochreous-wJiite patch. The
discal dot is large, round, black, distinct, jMong the costu are iaint-brown
spots, especially above the discal dot, where four of them are slightly marked.

bo

Ilincl wings clear vussct-ash, paler Ihan llu' tore wiiiirs, l»ul dusky alonif llic
inner edge, witli llirce short, wavy lines, one at tlie inner angle, the other two
approximate and nearer the middle of the inner edge. A pale line along the
middle of tin- ahdonicn, interrupted by black dots; a similar stripe rims along
each side.

Length of i)ody, ().42 ; fore wing, 0.54 ; e.xpanse of wings, 1.12 inches.

California (Edwards); San Mateo, Cal. (A. Agassiz, Mus. Cump. Zoul ) ;
Sanzalito, Cal., February 11, March 21, April 7-17 (Behrens).

This seems to be a common species. It may be known l)y its large
size, the peculiar color, liki' old unj)ainte(l oak-wood, witii light shishes, and a
distinct marginal line. I confess 1 ini.stook it i()r a Chesias. On sending a
specimen to M. Gucnee, he informs me that it is his E. suhcqjicata. Profes-sor
Zeller has also determined it to be that species from specimens I sent him

EupiTiiECiA CRETACEATA Packard. Plate 8, fig. 15.

Larcnlia cniaaata V:w\i., S-ixtli Kip. Peab. Acail. Sc, 10, 1S71 ; Proo. Ho.st. S. N. II., xvi, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1-74.

3 c? and 3 9. — Fore wings very long, pointed. Hind wings more
rounded than in E. zygademaia, chalky white throughout, with numerous
partially ob.solete, wavy, ashen lines on the middle of the wing, but distincit on
the costa; an oblique row of dark dots just beyond the middleof the wing, the
row following a straight course. Hind wings marked as on anterior pair,
with numerous ashen, obscure, parallel, wavy lines. Beneath whitish, shin-
ing with a smoky tinge, especially on the i()re wings, with numerous wavy
ashen lines. Discal dots small, but distinct; a narrow, interrupted, black line
along the edge; fringe whitish, dirty-white e.xternally. Fore legs dusky-
whitish. Hind legs whitish, broadly ringed with dusky-ash.

Length of body, c?, 0.45, 9, 0.43; li)re wings, c?, 0.60, 9, 0.60-0.68;
expanse of wings, 1.15-1.25 inches.

Sides of Mount Washington, New Hampshire, July 7 (Sanborn, Mus.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.) ; Sierra Nevada (Edwards).

This is the largest species of the genus, and may be recognized by its
large size, the chalky-white color, and the heavy, dark, conspicuous costal
spots. It is allied in structure and venation to E. zygadeniata, but differs in
the much shorter palpi.

The Californian s])ecimens have longer, more acute fore wings than those
from New Ham))shire.

64

Deside?-afa*

Eiqrithccla anticarla Walk., Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, 1241, 1862 —
^^ Female : Cinereous lawn-color. Palpi short. Abdomen cinereous, with
linvn-colorcd bands. Wings narrow, tjongated, with brownish lines, which
are partly denticulated; marginal points blackish, elongated. Fore wings,
acute, partly cinereous; discal mark blackish, transverse, varying in size;
exterior border very oblique. Hind wings cinereous, with the lines most
distinct toward the interior border.

"Length of the body, 3 lines; of the wings, 10 lines.

"a, b, Nova Scotia. From Lieutenant Redman's collection."

Eupithccla i7iipUcata Walk., Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, 1241, 18G2. —
'^Female: Brownish-cinereous. Palpi shorter tiian the breadth of the head.
Wings narrow, elongate, with many brown, slightly undulating lines ; mar-
ginal space biownish, including the pale, cinereous, denticulated, submarginal
Hue ; marginal line dark-brown ; discal point blacki.sh, most distinct in the
hind wings. Fore wings slightly acute ; exterior border very oblique. Hind
wings somewhat paler than the fore wings, except toward the exterior border.

"Length of the bodj', 3 lines; of the wings, 10 lines.

" a, b, Saint Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented by
Dr. Barnston.

" c, h, Nova Scotia. From Lieutenant Redman's collection."

Ei(pithecia expkmuta Walk., Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, 1242, 1862. —
'^Female: Cinereous. Palpi short. Abdomen slightly crested. Wings nar-
row, elongate, with elongated, black, marginal lunules. Fore wings acute,
fawn-color, with several brown, slightly-undidating lines, and with two slight
whitish -bands; submarginal line whitish, denticulated; discal mark black,
transverse, rather large; exterior border very oblique.

"Length of the body, 3 lines; of the wings, 10 lines.

"a, d. Nova Scotia. From Lieutenant Redman's collection."

Eupitkecia gelidata Moschler, Wien. Ent. Monats , iv, 47, 1860. — "Herr
Professor Zeller bestimmte mir diese Art als neu und'ist sie auch mit keiner

* Un<lev tbo head of " Desiderata " arc given copies of descriptions of species not seen by nic, which
are supposed, iu most cases, to be valid. In the case of the three present species described by Mr. Walker,
I was nnable to find tlie types in the British Mnseum in 187-.;. I liave since then received drawings of
K implkata and A', cxplaiiata, made under the directions of Mr. A. G. Butler, but the identifications are
still very doubtful.

G5

(Icr mir l)ckainitrii Arloii zu voiwcclisclii. Teh lu't;ilzc mir ciii wcibliclics
Kxemplar, wclcliciii A\v Hiiitcrlliij^rcl vcrkiiipiicll juiul. — Fliiujcl-Spainiiiiii,' 21
Milliiii. Brcili'- ciiit's N'orileilliigcls 4-5 i\lilliiii. Fiililcr biaimlicli ; Koplj
Thorax urul dvv Iliiiicrlcil) hrauiignui. IJrust wcissgnui ; Stiriu^ niit ciiigo
iiieiiiitcii irrar.cn .^cliiipi en. Filsse l)r;;iiiili(li wcisslifligraii l)c"srliiip|il.

" Die (1 riiiuH'ailK! dcr Flilgel anf dcr ( )l)('rs('ilc ist v\n in Gi-aii ziclicmlcs
l^rauu ; aut' dcii ^'^I■^l(■ltlilg('lll sIcIk'H vicr duiiklc l)r;;iingraiic Qucrstivilrii.
Dor erslc, iialie (1( r AViii;:('l, isl fcliarl' uacli aasscii gchogcii, saumwiirls am
YDrdcrraiidc ^v('i^sg|■a^l aiigclcgt ; dcr /..wcilc hilik't iialic dem Vordcrraiidc,
cincii stunipfcu Winkcl iiiul verliiul'l wcil wiirzelwiuls gczogcii in den Iiincii-
rar.d ; iiacli iiiiicii isl cr weissgraii aiigch'g(. Dcr dritte bildet iii glcichcr
Ixiclitung mit dciu zwcitcii nach aiisscn eiiicii AVinkcl mid zicht dami, wciiigcr
scliiiig wic jcner, in ciiiigou Bogcn ziim Iiincnrandc ; natli aiii^sen ist cr cn-t
durch ciiK," p;;ral!('le wcisslicligrano mid dami wicdcr dmik(.'ll)raiin(' Lini-;
bcgrcnzt mid crsclieint djiduirli doppclt, lichl gclhcill. Dcv viertc zidil als
auf den l>ip|)cn IVingezackte, am VordenaiKb! mid aul' Rippo 2 chvas cingc-
zosene Busrenlinic duicli den FUiutd ; saumwiirls hi'greuzt ilin cine brcitc;
weisslichc, dnrcb eingcmengte feiiic branne Fleckchcn doppelt. erscliciiicndc
Liiiic. Die Weneiilinie ist inir feiii weiss vmii Verderrandc bis auf Ivippe 7
siclitbar. Dcr YordcTraiurist zwiscbeu mid vor den Qnerslreifcn weisslieli
bcstiiul)!. Fraiizen an der Basis wcissgelb; ihrc Endliiillle, sowie die lxip|)en
•rraubrann. Sauin seliwarzbrauu umzogen ; in den Zencii siizen iiacli imien
gleichgetiirbte Fleekclien auf. Die llinteiiliigcl scheineii (h'ci diinkle, lieht
begrciizte Wellcnlinien zii fahren. Fraiizeii wie an den Vordcrfliigeh).
Unten siiid die Fliigel lielit gclbgrau ; der zweite mid dride QiierslrciC der
A^urderlUigel siiid als abgebroehenc scliwarzbraune Slrielie am Vorderrandc
siclitbar; letzterer ist z\vit;chen und vor ibneii weissgraii Ix'sliiubl; die iilM-ige
Zciclinung ist verkjschen. Die Iliiderlli'igel sind iioch etwas bcbter, mit (bci
gczackten, dunkclbrauncn Querslrcircii. Die ^Fitlelpmikle aller Fliigel sind
scluirfcr, vvie aufder .Obcrseite, etwas langgezogen.

" Einige andcre Excmpkuc einor Lifji'it/ircia aus Labrador, welclie ieli
erliielt, sind so abgeflogen, dass sicli nielit beslimmen lassl, ob sie zu obiger
Art gchoren.''
'J I' n

m

GLAUCOPTERYX lliilMier. Plate 1, fig. 2.

Glaucopicnix ]Iilb;i., Veiz., 3:>2, 181S.

Amaiw Iliilm. (in part), :i:?:i, 1H18.

Lurtiiiia Ticits. (in iiarl), Scliui. Kur., vi, 75, IS'28.

Sti'iili. (ill ]):iil), Noin. Br. Ins., 44, 18-29.
Jjiloara Stcpli. U» pail), Noniuufl. I!r. Iii.s., 44, 1829; "Cut., ii, 141, 1809."
J.drnilia Diip. (in ] :ii(), Lr)i. France Noct., viii (v), :508, 18'M.
Jplmrrii Stcpli., 111., iii, 295, ISU.
Lui-enlia J'.uisd. (in part), Gi'ii. Iml., 204, 1840.

H. Sell, (in part), Schm. Enr., iii, 141, 1S47.
Chimnptn-iix .^tepli., Li.st Lop. IJi-. Mus., 194, 1850.
Ckhirhi Lcil. (in part), A'l-rli. I!. Z. Gi'.s. Wien, 2.53, 1853.
Luixnliii (iiii'ii., riial , ii, 2!ir>, 18.57.

Walk., List Lop. llct. Br. JIu.s., xxiv, 11(19, 18G2.

Head full and rouiidtMl in IVoiit, with no well-marked infei-palpal tid't.
Anfeiiiui' iisiiallv eiliafcd (in (i. Sahhihiria with sli()rt,-fine, spatnlale, ciliated
peeliiiations). Palpi l)road and loni;', pon-eet, extending well in front ot
the head; third joint small, conical, pointed. Pore wiiig.s with the co.'^la
straight, a little arched toward the slightly-produced apex;, outer edge ohlitpie.
Ilind wings long, the inner edge nuicli longer than the outer, which is full
and rounded, witii the apex much rounded. Venation: two large, well-
marki.'d, suhcostal cells (in G. Sdhinldrin the inner cell very small); the second
sulicostal venulearises half-way between the end of theouter cell and the origin
ot" the third suhcostal venule; the posterior discal venule heut (not curved)
near the middle. Ilind legs moderately thick; tarsi slightly shorter than tla-
tihia- (in G. Sahuiiarid the tarsi are a little longer than the tihia-). Aljilo-
meii mod(_'rately stout, with a well-marked tuft of hairs at the tip, forming iu
(J. S<thitii(iyia a larger tuft than usual. Coloration: stone-gray, often with
golden scales, and with numerous, wavy, zigzag lines. Hind wings lineated
or clear.

l^his genus eiiii)races some of llie largest species of the suhfamily, and
dillers from Eiijiilhcna, on the one hand, iu the ]ai'<j;(\ hind wiugs, with the
lony; inner ediie, and from J'/cin/frii/, on the other, hy the full, i(Hm(h'd hind
wings. The [talpi ;ire stouter and shorter than in Tlicra. The long, sub-
acute (ore wings, and the la,rg<' hind wings t'xteiiding beyond the end of the
abdomen, and the peculiar style ot maiking, mimitdving the coU)rs of licheu-
( lad roclvS, disliuguisli it.

The s[)eeies are' more' liabl(_; to be contbunded with those of Fvlyophnra
Mian any other genus; but they dider in the shorter, stouter, Idunler palpi.

07 ■ •

straigliter costa of ("ore wings, and riillicr more ()I)Ii(iiic nulcr (mIi^c and Ihe
longer liind wings.

'J'lic imisl alicrranl species is CI. Sdhi/iidrin, wliicli, in (he peetinaled
anteiuia' and venation, forms a subgenus, I)ul which I do not tlnnk shonid lie
separated ac'iierit'all v I'roin (1 jfolata. I'otli of tliese two arctic species dilli'r
irnni the olhers, even (1. ('(Vs'iula, in the iiairy head and liody.

SlHiriiini'ia auiiXiKil'nita of (Inenee is very closely allied to d' . jio/dla in
strnctnrc! as well as in its ))ecnliar style of markings, and tin- genus is evi-
dentlv a s\'nonyin'ol the present one.

Liura. — The l)ody is of e(pial thickness iVom (he head (o (he end.

Head nnudi I'ounded, no( so wide as (he hody. Supra-anal pla(e scnnetimes

i-ounded jxisteriorly. I'^eeds on sixcies of \ acciuium, spinning a slight cecoon

among (he leaves of its l()od-pIaut. It liybeniates, pupating late in tin;

spring.

SynojKis of the Species.

A. S an(enn<x3 simple :

Lar^iT tluiii the othiT.spfcios. Fore wings with coiivix eo.sta ; a (loiilih', wnvv, pxlni-
(liscal line, beut below the costa, aucl a more ilistiiict, whili.sh, Hiibiiiarj;inal
line. Olive-gray, with mimeron.s, .scattered, golden scnles (;. casialti.

Costa .straighter than in 6'. cas'iata. Steel whitish-grayish, with about twelve wavy

lines; hind wings llesh-colored G. mufjnoliala.

Oehreous-gray, with nunierons, transverse, dark lines; liiedian baiiil narrow, pale,

with a daiU discal dot ; hind wings whitish Ci. impVtmla.

Ciranite-gray, with a distinet median band, rows of dark points, and scattered yellow

scales : hind wings gray, a little dusky on the margin G. iioluUi,

B. (? anteiinte pectinated :

Undersized. Uniform sable-brown; fore wings with a s'iuglc, median, dusky band.

Fringe sable-brown (/. Saliiiiiayia.

Large size. Yellowish -gray, with broadly-pectinrted antenna', median band, and

submargiual, waved, whitish line. Fringe yellowish, checkered with dark. .. G. iihocutoria.

GuAuccPTEUYX CM2.«iATA Iliiljuer. Plate 8, tig. IG.

" Geomcira caviala Borkh., Kur. .Schm., v, H.jl, 11!'.), 17J4.''

" Den. et 8chift"., Syst. Verz. Schm., i, 44S, 1775."
"Lang., Verz., liJ, I7&.i."
" Hiibn., Schm. Eiir., 27;'), 1790."
GJaucnptirys civniatn Hiibn., Verz , 332, 1818.
Luiiiiiia nvsiala Treits., Sclnu. Fur., vi, part 2, t?9, IHUH.

Dup., Lep. France, viii (\ ), 3!),-', pi. I'.KI. iig. I', 18;!0

(Inen., I'hal., ii.271, 1S.57.

Walk., List Lep. Br. Mns,, xxiv, 1173, l.-tii

40 S ;nid 40 9. — Body and winys dull smoky gniy, with a decitled olivti-
ceous tiuiije, dusted with golden scales. I'^rout whiiish, with dusky scales;
base of the antenn;v whitish, beyond iniuiitely anntdtited wi(li white; palpi

G8

hhick-lirowu, iniicli darker ttiau usual. Fore wings l)r(;a(lcr llian usual,
willi tlic costa a litfle mure convex lliaii usual, asheii, mottled lliickly vvilh
dull, dark scales, which are arranged in three dirk, dull, obscure, diHusc,
liroad hands, of which the outer two unite just Ix'low the median vein to
lorm a hroad patch. These lines are zig/:ag and sca!loi)ed on tli(> enter
cdge.s, and niai-giiied with whitish points. A parallel row oT irregular, golden
scales, especially visiljle on the outer third ol" the wing, and also on the
inner edge along its whole length. A scalloped, suhmarginal, white line.
Edy-e of the wing dark; fringe uniformly dark. Ilind wiiigs with a distinct
discal dot; clear in the middle, l)u(, toward the outer edge, l)ecoming mottled
with (lark, with a Ijroad, zigzag, suhmarginal line. Alidomcn dark, ringed
with wliitish. 15eneatli pale whilisli cinereous; the lines ol)scurely repeated,
especially marked on the costa, wlfndi is tinely dusted with yellowish; abdo-
men paler l)eneatli. Legs pale; ffu'c legs dark, narrowly annulated with
white. Discal dots faint on both wings.

' Length of body, 0.52; of lore wing, 0.70; expanse of wings, 1.50 inches.

This is the largest native species of the genus, and did'ers in its short,
dark pal[)i, triangular tore wings, which arc olive-gray, dusted with bright ,
golden scales on the outer third and on the inner nuirgiu, and very iiiintly on
tiie outer edge of the secondaries.

It is an obscurely marked species, l)ut the plan of the markings is
much as in G. polala. The snlnnarginal scalloped line is well marked, the
scallops deep and rounded. The double-scalloped, light, exirr,discal line is
bent outward below the costa. There are dark and whitish specks and dots
on the veins.

Okak, Northern Labrador, and Caril)0U Island, Southern Lalirador
(Packard). It also occurs not uncommonly at the White Mountains, where it
was (i.iptured l)y Mr. C. A. Shurlleff, August 1-11, in Tuckerman's Kavine,
specimens of which are in the collections of the Boston Society of Natural
History. Mr. F. G. Sanljorn has also obtained it from Mount Washington,
New llampshi'-e. i\rassachusetts (Morrison). Georgetown and Turkey Creek
station, (A)lorado (Mead).

Specimens taken by Mr. T. L. Mead iii the vicinity of Georgetown, Colo-,
at an elevation of 8,01)0 or i),00O feet, expand from 1.45 to L55 inches. The
markings are just as in Labrador and White Mountains (New Hampshire)
specimens, though with perhaps more golden scales. The Labrador speci-

(V.)

mtvis arc a little! similcd, cxiKiiidiiig rntiii 1.40 to 1.1;") iiiclic-^. 'V\'.('y iiiircc,
witii spcciiucns iVom Icclaiul as to gciioral a|)i)cai"aii<(; and .-^i/c, but an; not
quite so dark, and have more golden-vellow specks. I liavn seen no .';|)eci-
mciis iVom this country or Lal)rador wilii snch ch'ar niarkinijs as in tliosc
receiv,-d Ironi the Anstrian Alps, thoniiii tli(,' American specimens are rnl)l)ed.
Ill size, the Colorado iiidividnals resemlde tiie I'>nropean onc^s.

Larva. — " The eijir is laid on the sUmkUm' stalks ol'the wort, \vhortlel)errv,
or l)ilherry {Vacclnium Vilis-ldccn) in Jnly and Ani,oist, and the young
caterpillar emerges in about twelve <lays, but soon liyl)ernates on the sur-
face of the (>arth, at the roots of the food-plant. It begins to teed again
in April of the ensuin^r year, and is fnll-fcd by the .second week in ]\Iay.
It then rests on the stalk of its food-plant iiy da\', generally with the
head downward, and in a i)ert"ectly straight position. On the approach
of evening, it turns round, re-aseends tlie stalk, and feeds on the leaves
during the niyht. AVhen full-ifrown, tin; head is prone, scarcely so w'uW,
as the second segment, and witliout any ma.nifest notch on the crown. The
body is of uniform suljstance thron;i;hoiil, and liaving a perceptil)le lateral
skin-fold along the region of the spiracles; each segment has a few small
warts, and each wart emits a short and fbel)le l)ristle. The color of tin; head
is umber-brown, in some specimens inclining to red. Tlie body is velvety
icd-brown or velvety olive-green. In both varieties, there; is a series of medio-
dorsal, V-shaped markings, of great Ijeauty. These occur on the filth, si.\tli,
seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh segment.s. The apex of each mark
points toward the head. The sides of these marks are not (piite closed at this
jioint, but allow the passage of a fawn-colored stripe, which expands immedi-
ately afl(!r entering the area enclosed by the V, and is again restricted to a
mere line, where it approaches the I)oundary of the .segment. The remainder
of the area enclosed by the V is of a lovely rose-color. Each side of the V is
bordered with rich brown. Anterior to each V — that is, adjoining the anterior
margin of each segment — are four short, parallel lines, pale in the brown
variety, perfectly white in the green one. The lateral skin-l()ld in l)oth
varieties is almost white, and thrown up in bnld reli(,'f by contrast with the
ground-color immediately adjoining it. Tin' Ijelly is ol'the prevalent ground-
color. The legs are semi-trans])arent and pinkisli ; the claspers of the pre-
vailing: <rround color. It spins a sli<rht cocoon among the leaves ol its food-
plant, and changes to a chrysalis in .May.'' — Xewmuns British Mollii-, p. 110.

b

70

Ciii.Arc(irTi;KV\ wa(_;.\(_:liata rackanl. PlatL' 8, lig. 17.

Siiiiiyaiiiit maniiulialii (iucii.l, Plial., ii, -ir).'!, isri".

('iiluriii iiiKiilUh (i^<)tl^ and l!oli., Annals ],yci'nni Nat. Hist. N. V., viii, -KJO, pi. K', llg. KJ, Apnl, l.SiT.

("uluiiK \-pii)icl(ila I'aek.. rnic. liost. Sue. N. II.. xiii. lU'J, Ir^'l.

Liirculia ciimittiVm rati;., I'luc. Do-st. Sue. X. II., xvi, 'Jd, jil. 1, lii;. H, l.•^7•l.

i iiiul 9. — Front ii:ray, with a Irw yellow scales; orliits •wliilisli : paljii
lipiicil wil'i wliilisli; four lilack dots ou thorax, and one at the base of Iho
patauia, \\ hicli are tijiped with hlack; a few irolden-yellow hairs ar(.' scattei'ed
over the thorax; two rows ot' hlack dot;-, along llie ahdoinen; edj^es of (he willies
\\liite. I.e^s blaek, riiurod with white. Fore wings ]iale-gray, crossed hy
numerous wavy and zigzag white lines, originating I'roni imnieroiis black costal
stri[)es; live whitish zigzag lines Ijcforo the discal dot. These lines iirc edged
with black, tlu^ ba.sd ono on the inside, tiie linirlli on the outside. The
discal dot- is very dislinci, and silualcd in a clear space, occui>ying llie nii(hllc
of the wing, with a costal band just over it. There are twelve ot" these short,
costal, black Ijands connected with I'aintcr lines crossing the wing. I'eyond
the discal dot is a doubh; \\hite line, \\ith large scallops, teriniiuiting on the
costa; a sulnnarginal, more fincly-scuUopcd, whitish line, paralhd with the
outer iii\i^v. ]3ctween these two lines, and about as Car from the apex as the
costa, are several black irregular dots, a part of them sometimes forming a
short bliick line, bordering the exlradiscal whitish line. All these lines are
accom[)aiiied liy scattered g(dden scales, luit nuicli less numeroiis than in (1.
pd/ata. A row ol' black spots at the base ot tlie fringe, composed ol'lwo twin
snlilriangular dots, opposite to which t'le pale-gi'ay fringe is checkered willi
dusky. The discal dot is oval, black, and conspicuous. Hind wings whilish-
sm(d\y, tinged with llesh-color, entircdy clear, with llie frini;c lineated at the
base, and otherwise as in the fore wings. The under si<le (jf the wings is
linged with salmon color, becoming deeper toward (he ajiex of the lore; \vings;
costa edged with black to just Ixwond llu' discal dot, which is large and pronii-
n(Mit; a snl)a[)ical, broad, subtriangular, black patch extends from the costa to
the tirst median venule; a discal dot present on the hind wing; fiinge mere
distinctly checkered with bhudv than above, and with a heavier Idack line ou
the ed;ic ol the wing, interrupted b\' the venules.

Length of body, S and 9,0.40; fore wing, c? and 9 , 0.55-0.(;(); expan.se
of wings, 1.20 inches.

J.ondon, Canada (Saunders); White Mountains, New Ilampsliire, August

71

13, and Tival's Islaiul Easfixnl, Mv., July IC (Slimllcli; Miis. 15. S. N. II.);
Mount Washington, New Ilanipshirc, July (Morrison); Kenosha llmijiO,
Colorado, June 30 (Mead); Caliloniia (I'Mwards and ISehrens); "Canada"
(Giicnee).

'^riiif; seems to lie a more eomnidii species in California llian in llie East-
ern States, (lioiiuh il is widely diU'iised over the colder [loit'on and. alpine,
reirioiis of the country east of the liocky Moiinlains. It is ([uite closely allied
to Cm. jxjlata, lint dill'ers in the fore wings heing more olilnse at tli(; apex, and
the eosta more convex. Jt may he recognized hy the nnmerous, jiarallel,
scalloped, lila(d<isli-i,M-ay lines; the large, distinct discal dot; the general steel-
l)lu<! gray color of the; winirs; the very few yellowish scales; and I)y the
entindy clear, pale, smoky, tlesh-colored hind wings.

On examining }iV. Guenee's collection, I recognized it from memoiT as
his Sparganiu mag)iollat(i ; and Mr. I\lorr;son has since.' iidinined me thai he
identified it as sncdi from I\I. Guenee's deseripliou, with which it airrees W(dl.

I can tind no dilferences lietween two specimens from the Atlantic States
(one G. and IJ.'s type- from Bulliilo, and one from ]\lain(!, collected liy myself),
and twelve examples Irom California, Cdllected \)y .Mr. Edwards. Jt sei'nis
to 1)0 mucdi more common in Caliiornia than in the East. It is nearly r(dat(;d
to (j. polata.

The Ctdorado male (length of fore wing, 0 (>2 inch) is much larger than
three feinales from New York and Northern New England ; the length of
the wing of the largest heing 0.55 in(di. The Calih)rinan s])ecimens are also
much larger (the fore wing of the largest female ineasuring 0.63 incdi). Of
nine Californian specimens, three are of the same siz(Mind the rest larger tiian
eastern examples. There is, however, scarcely any dillerence in the shape of
the wings, though the Caliii)rnian specimens have on the wlude very slightly
more acnle wings.

GLAUCorrEinx implicata Packard. Plate 8, fig. 18.

T.arrnlia inipUrala faien.!!!, I'lial., ii, 2S4, IP.jT.

Cidaria miiUlliiimlu Pack., Pioc. Host. S. N. H., xiii, 40'.!, 1^71.

2 J", 2 9. — This species is closely allied to (J. magnoUata in the sliajje
of the wings, hut the cosla is nincli straighler, and the apex more acute.
Front gray, a eliocolate-c(dored i)and lietween the antiMuiti! ; a black spot on
the lidnt of the lia.sal joint of the antenna'; vertex behind lin^ antenn;e wiiiti>h.
Orbits and pali)i reildisli-brown, the latter white beneatii at base. I'rothorax

72

]).;lc r('(l<lisli-l)n)\vii. AI)(I(!mcii p;il('-ij:niy, willi a pair of divergiii^ palr-l)i()\vii
t:puts on each al^doiniinil i'iiii{. Foi'c wings with eleven costal dai'k niaiks,
Ijcini^ the tcrmiunlion of as many lines cmssinfi; llic win^ willi varviniir degrees
of distinctness ; two dark wavy lines near tlie base of (he wing, (he outer one
bordered externally with white; then succeeds a pale-hrownish band, with a
few black dots, composing an obsolete line, hut well nuiiked on the eosia;
Ijeyond, a row ef white spots, l)eyond which is a Ijread ash band, like one just
beyond the discal dot; tlfe latter is distinct, oval, black, and situated in a
band of clear gray, bordered with scalloped darlv lines; beyond the extra-
discal, broad, reddisij-brown l)and is a I'ow of white spots, succeeded l)y two
rows of minute black dots on a clear asli ground ; a suhmarginal, distinct,
white, scalloped line, and a marginal, l)rokeii, black line, consisting of two
intcrvenular black dots; the dots arc externally edged with scattered grou|)s
of reddish scales. The fringe is white, checkered with dusky. Hind wings
pale-ash; outer edge dusky, with a sul)marginal pale line; edge of (lie wing
and fringe as in fore wings; a minute, linear, discal dot. Beneath, four discal
dots of equal size and very distinct; both wings pale whitish-gray, witli two
obscure extradiscal lines, and a submarginal, dill'use, half-eiraced, dusky line
on both wings.

Length of body, i, 0.40, 9, 0 55; fore wing, <?, 0.55, 9, 0.64; expanse
of wings, 1.20-1.25 inches.

California (Edwards); Sierra Nevada, Cal. (Crotch, M. C. Z.).

This species d'tlers very deci<ledly from any of the others iu the rather
narrow, whitisii, or ochreous-whitish, median line enclosing the discal dot.
This band is bordered on each side by a little darker band of erpial width to
the median, all the bands being scalloped. The general hue of the tore wings
is j)ale oclireous grayish-l>rown, with many black and white dots and streaks.
In one female, the median lir.e is almost jnire white, with line gray scales, and
the bands on each side are obsolete; the scallops represented by black marks
on tiic veins. Half-way between this and the submarginal white line is a
row of black dots. In another female, the fore wings are decidedly ochreous-
brown, with the median band much paler, and broken up into separate round
spots.

<o

Glaucoitiikyx roLAT.v Packaid. I 'laic S. lig. 19.

Larciilia polaln l)ivj>., viii (v), Id-J, pi. U'O, ll;;. I, l-T,l).

J.ainitiii r.riilhi IiilVI)vin, Ann. .Sen'. Kiit. 1'"i;iik-o, it'.X), ])1. x, (i;;. H, ISiG.

McdnnjdiiH jhiliitu (ii'ytr in liiiliii., Ziitr., v, (i, li-;. hU'>, tt)!i, $, 1837.

Luniilia Unilhalii Oiip., Snppl., iv, 'Mi, pi. 5i, lij;. 7, l"^l'i.

J.artiititi jwhila Giii-ii., IMial., ii, '271, l^'.■)7.

'"riiosijle j:olaria IJi;is(l.", Cliii.stopli, Wicii. Miin.-itscli., :il!!, V'tf.

Lanniia puluia Walk., List Lip. Kr. Mii.>s., xxiv, 117:!, xxvi, 1GI>7, ISiy.

80 (? and 9. — Vriiiijs rather narrow, wifli llie apex uiore acute and tlin
costa strai.'i;liler than usual, iiiueli inor-e .so than in (1. nxi^/io/iala, its iiearcsl
ally in tlie United Sli'.les. j\[ale antenna' siniijle, ilnely ciliated heneafli ; iialpi
larire, liroad, liusliy beiiealli. l)ody and wiui^s jfiauite-ifray, llie ground-color
Aviiilisli-a; li. Head and thorax \\ith dark and ligiil long scales, unusually
bushy; a hlack s|;ot between the antenna?. Foi"e wings crtjsscd l)y eight more
or less distinct dark lines; a blackish, thick, basal line, divided into i'our scal-
lop.s ; beyond, a broken, mere dill'use lino, succeeded i)\' a linear, Ijrokeii line.
Tl'.eu comes tin- median, bread, dark baud, paler in the middle, with golden
scales enclosing the distinct, black, discal dot. This discal area varies much
in extent : the band being citlier forked on the costa, where the discal (h)t is
very distinct, or dark, and closing over the discal area. I'^ach side of the band
is irregularly scalloped; beyond is a l)re;;d whitish 1 ;:i;d, ith scattered
golden scales, as in the white spaces Ijetween the lines wit liin and in the
median band. In the middle of" the space is a row of black dots; Itcyond is
a dark, ])road, submarginal band, sending ])oints inward ah)iig the veins;
sometimes the band is double. It is edged externally by an indistinct, zig-
zag, white line. The edge of the wing is clear grayish-white, with a series
of black marks on the ends of the veins. Fiin'xe on both win"^s white, cheek-
ored with dark. Hind winijs smoky-w hiti', with a broad paler band just
beyond the middle, succeedeil l)y a narrow dark band, or this band is contin-
uous with the dark edge of the wing, and contains an ob.scure, whitish, ziy:zag
line. Sometimes the whole wing is dusky, and tlie light(>r bands and lines
arc cflTaced. Beneath, unifoi-ndy slone-irray, but with a taint ochreoiis tinge;
the discal dots lanfc and distinct on both wings; a costal dark spot beyond
the discal tint : a submarginal, dilfuse, dusky band on each wing. Legs dark-
gray, ringed with white. Abdomen with two rows of dilfuse dark spots.

Length of body, c?,0.45, 9,0 42; of fore wing, c?,0.57, 9, 0 55, expanse

of wings, 1.20 inches.
10 r u

74

lIojM'dale, Indian TIaihor, Ilcnlcy Harbor, and Caribou Island, Straits
of Belle Isle, August (Paekard).

This is a truly aretic speeies, being found in Greenland and Lajsland, and
the eolder, exposed,, treeless portions of tlie Labrador eoast. It has not jet
been detected on the alpine suniinits of New England or the Rocky Mountains,
or in the Europi-'an Alps.

This arctic species difiers from any other in the grayish-white wings,
peppered with dark scales, with a distinct, median, dark band, paler in the
middle, and usually forked on the costa.

Seventy-five specimens were captured by me in a single day (August 22),
on a naked, almost bare rock, at Tal)le Island, in Henhy IIarl)or, which is
much exposed to the open sea. They were in great abundance, settling down
with (heir peculiar vacillating tlight, like feathers, on the ground. There was
considerable varial ion among them. Some were more dusky than others, with a
greater profusion of golden scales. In olhcrs, the central dark band of ringlets
•became reduced to mere points on the inner edge, v/Ith the region on each side
very pale and almost entirely free from yellow scales, or the entire line may
consist of points alone, accompanied by a l)road, du.sky, submarginal band.
Others have no yellow scales at all, and the mesial band is diaphanous, leaving
the discal dot \evy distinct, while all the characteristic bands and rows of
dots are brought 6ui in very clear relief, as in Lefebvre's var. BruUcl. The
si2e of the dusky spots on the fringe varies greatly.

The most aberrant example has whitish-gray wings, with fewer dark
lines than usual. The base of the fore wings is black; beyoiul is a broad
dark line, while the median dark band is narrow, almost obsolete, consisting
ol" isolated scpiare sp!)ts, willi a large, discal, double patch, and a broad [)ale
space on the costa in front of the discal sjiot. Near the outer edge of the
wing is a broad dark l)and.

In its c()l(»rs, it affords a good instance of protective mimicry; its tints
closely resembling the lichen-covered, peculiar, gray gneiss-rocks on the coast
of J^abrador. In this respect, it resembles the Anartce, which have the same
colors, and can scarcely l)c distinguished from the liclien-covcrcd rocl\S or
which th(!y settle down after taking flight. '

lo

C!i,au('()i-ti:kvx saiuniakia I'iicliaid. I'lah' S, lli:. 2L\

rsijclioiihont Siiliiiiii t'lutis, Apiicmlix Kiiss's vjil \'iiy;i^i', T:!, pi. A, li;;. 7, 7i(, lHI!r>.

7 c? and 1 9. — A\'hi!c lliis s|)ccii's Ix'loiiys to a siiliijfcnns of (l/nu-
coptcn/.r, dill'criiiii- in llic vciialinii, in l!ic prcliiialcd aiilciiiui', and liairv,
sloiilcr, shiirtcr ahdoiiK'u, in the ^fsMUTal shape of tlic willies it clo.-rly
approaches (i.polatn,h\\{ slill dillrrs in the straii^^hlcr costa-oi' llic Hire wiiijrs,
which arc also a litth' narrower than \\\ jiolala, and the head is a hlth' fnlh'r
in Iront. Antenna! with sliort, slender pectinations, as lon^- as the anleiniie
arc thick, also thickly ciliated Ijcncalh. l)ody and \vin!;s oC a peculiar silk
sal»le-l)ro\vu ; lore winijs sable-hrown, frosted over with ijray scales, darker
at base; the dark portion (i)asal line) heiit ontward on ll'e subcostal vein ;
a bi'oad, median, darker band, no wider on the cosfa than inner educ ol" the
wini;', with a laruf(; proji-clion outward opposite! the discal dot, and lielow
scallopeil (piife reiiularly; a scallop in each interspace. Discal dot linear,
dark, obscure. Xo other lines or niarkinirs on the winir. Hind wings (in my
eiirlil specimens) immaculate*, concolorous with the lore win<rs, being sable-
brown, without any gray scales, and with no lines. (In Curtis's figure, two
curved lines beyond the discal dot are i-epi-csentcd.) Fiinge unit()rmly saiile-
brown, concolorous with the wings. Legs and under side of the body darker
than above. Abdomen very stout ; the lip iiroad and very hairy.

Length of Iiody, «? 0.40, 9, 0.31; of forc! wing, c?, 0.52, 9,0.4U;
exi)ause of wings, O.'J.'j-l.lO inches.

Polaris Bay, North Grcenlan.l, laliliule 81° 3,S' N. (Dr. E. Vessels,
scientist lo the United States Polaris Expedition to the North Pole).

This is an exceedingly interestiu'j: form, as it differs so remarkably, both
structurally and in coloration, from the other s[)eeies. The uniform sable-
brown color, with the slightly darker median band on the fore wings, and
the peetinat(*d and ciliated aufenr.a", and very stout, bread, hairy, tipped
ubdomen, separat(!s it from the other six'cies found on this continent.

None of the specimens cullectcd by Dr. licssels in I'olaris I'ay had tlu!
two dark lines or discal dot on the hind wicgs, figured by Curtis in the
Ajipendix to Poss's Voyage. Five of my specimens are immaculate sable-
brown, with no dusky band on the I'dtc! wings, and the fore wings are ol a
jiure sal)le color, with a rich silken gloss; no gray settle:; frosting them over,
as in the more typical examples. 3Iy specimens dilfer so much from two

G. fngidaria (Gucmk'c's sp.), received from Lapland, (lirougli Dr. Staudingcr,
both in size and niarkiiigs, that I am at pre5=eMt (notwithstanding the great
amonnt of variation in the species of this genns) inclined to keep the two
species separate nntil new material decides the qnestion.

I\[\' two G. J)ig'i(l<iria are larger than sabiniaria, llie fore wings expand-
ing 1 (KJ inei), while my single female sabiniaria expands only 0.95 inch.
Giicnee's male e\i)andcd 0.32 inch more, or 1.28 inches. In fiigidaria,
the band is much wider on the costathan in sabiniaria, more finely scallo})cd,
and there is a discal dot on the hind wings and two outer curved lines.
The fringe is whitish, checkered with dark ; while in sabiniaria it is
uniformly sable, and not checkered with darker scales. It should be
rcmarkcii, however, that Cnrtis's figure represents a dot and two outer curved
dusky lines on the hind wings, thus in part connecting the two species, and
it is possible tliat they will prove identical.

Larva. — In a bottle marked \)y Dr. E. Bessels witli the same number
(fi) as the pinned moths, and labeled "Polaris Bay, August 2, 1871," is a
larva wliieli seems to be of this species. The body is moderately thick, of
unifoini size from tlie head to the tail. The liead is smooth, rounded, not
so wi(i(! as tlie body. The supra-anal i>late is rounded posteriorly. The
body is blackish, -with scattered, rather stout hairs; the tubercles from whicii
they ari.se being pale. Tiierc is a dorsal row of peculiar conspicuous square
spot.s, one on each ring, and a lateral row of irregular, concolorous, pale dots.
Length, 0.55 inch.

Glaucopteryx piiocAT.\rjA Packard. Plate 8, fiir. 21.

Cidaria yhucata MiSscblcr, Wieii. Eiit. Jlona'.scli., vi, 9, taf. 1, fig. 6, 1832.

A^orderfliigel gell)grau, im Mittel- und Saunifeld mit vorherrschendcm
Gran, drci dunkle, diclit angelcgic Querstreifen, lichte Wellenlinie und
dunkler Miticlpunkt. Ilinteriliigel grau mit dunklem Mittelpunkt.

Fliigelspannung 27-33 MiUiin. Vordcrfliigelbreitc 7-8 Millim.

Sleht d(.'r Cidaria frlgidaria Gucn. am nilchstcn, unterscheidet sich
jedoch so wcsenllicli von ihr, (hiss an keinc Vereinigung gedacht werden
kann.

Die Fiihler des Mannes siiid gekiinnnt, ihrc Kiimmzahne stehcn wie
bci frigidaria ziemlich entfernt von einandcr, siiid ebenfalls behaart, abcr

77

iiiclit wic l)('i jciicr Art, k(Milcni"(">riiii;r. Die Aiiliiiuirzcllc isl Ixi iiicincn
Excinplarcii migctlicill. Die Palpcii siud diclil Ix'liaart mid last liii:gcral.s Ijci
frii:/(l(i/i((. Sic, sowie Kopf, Thorax, iind Hir.lerleil), siiid jifclhjrian bcluiarl.

Die Griuidiarhe der \'urderll;ijicl isl ciii IrClics CI r;iiig( II), wclclics l)is
zuiii Aililtelfelde in iiiclir iri'aiieii oder iiiclir ji,'ll)rii Lii;icii ai»\vcclisel(.
Das MitlcH'cld tVnIit sicli duidvlcr ^raii, iiiir ir(>i:cii dcii ^'l)l■d(■^l■;u:d zeii^i
sicli gell)liclie I'esdiuhiiiig ; der Midclimiikt is s<li\vaiz; eiiiire(;;sst wird es
von diinklereii, auf ihrcii eiitgcgengcsctzfeii Scitcu weissgrau aiigelcgleii,
stark gczackleii Slrcileii. Iliiiler ilna isl eiiie durcli ciiM! graiie Liiiie
getlieilte gelbliche IViiuU", weUhe an dr.s graiic; SiuiiiifeKl -!rrei:zt. Letztercs
\vird von (k'i- weissgrauen, stark gezaekten Welk idinie dnn liseknitten. Rauni-
linie lein dunkel, Fran.sen gelMicli, niit licdiier WiirzelhiiUfe, auf den Kippeii
sclnvach dunkel gcs(dicckt. liintertK'.gel gvau, mil dunkleni jWiltelpmdvl ;
Fransen dencn der Voi-derlliigel gleich. Unten alle J'liigel grau, aid" den
vorderen vor der Jlille erscheint (his licdile Vr\d mid die AVenenlini(^ als
belle pjinden: die llinleillilgcl sir.d lieller gr;;u, der S;u;m ur.d zwei Qucr-
streileii dmdder. Alle I'Ki;(el mil duiiklem Millelpur.klc.

Ich erhiell drei gute Exemplare (1 c? , 2 9) dieser Art von Dai)rador.

My ligure and descii[>tion is eopied I'iom Slosehler's. The artist has

not made the antenna' Inoadly enough peelinated. This molh is evidently

a Glaucopienj.r.

FLEMYRIA lliibner. Plate 1, iig. 3.

J'lvmijria lliiiui., Vcrz., :!i'i4. ISIH.

Ar'uiulia Treils. (in liart ), ticlim. Km- , vi, .'>, 1S2S.

Cumpfor/ramma Sti'lili., llltr. Ilniist., iii, 2G-i, ls:!l.

Lai-cittia Uu|). (in [nirt), Iji'p. Franco, Noct., iv, '.'ti'J ; v, 358, IS'M.

liois(l.v(iM l)arl), Gen. Intl., 201, 1S4U.

II. Stli. (in pail), Sclim. Eur., iii, I'll, 1647.
PleiHi/ria anil Camptwjtamma Stepli., List Lcp. I5i'. Mils., 20S, '20D, 1650.
CUluriu \jvA. (in part), Vcrli. I!. Z. Ges. Wicn, 25;i, 1653.
' Caiiiptoijramma Oncli., I'hal., ii, 4".;2, 18."<7.

Walk , Li'p. Hut. 13:-. Mns., xxv, 1323, 1632.

Head not so lull and l)r;;ad in I'ront as in Cllauropteyij.r, with a well-
marked interpal[)al tul't. IMale antenna' heavily eilialed: the eili;e arising I'roin
conical projections. Palpi loni,^ and slender, projcctiinr in front I)y a distance
equal to tlu; widlh heiwc'cn the eyes; third );)int slender, iicute. Pore wings
with the costa straight, sometimes full iind siniioiis; apex subacute, not mmdi
produced; outer edge not vfcry oblicpie. Hind wiiKjs with the outer edge
somewhat sinuous, the middle being full, and forming a slight, rounded pro-

78

jeclloii. Vciialioii: niiirli as in (Uaucoptvnjx ; but the discal venules arc
situated witliin llu' mid. lie of the wing, while in Glaucuplcnjx tlioy are wilh-
onl, and. e(inse(iuenlly, the median venules are longer than in that genus;
two suheostal eells ; posterior diseal v<'ins regularly curved; the iirst median
venule arises nearer the second than in aiauc(>]>tenjx. Hind legs with the
tarsi shorter than the til)i;v. Ahdomeii moderately lung, with a short, square
anal tufl. Coloration: entirely dillerent from Glaitcoptcnjx, the species l)eing
reddish in the female, with numerous fine, distinct, wavy lines, and some-
times a conspicuous white discal ringlet. The sexes dilTer much in color.

The si)ecics of this genus dilfer from Ci/ducupferyx \\\ their color and
smaller size, the long, slender paljri, and narrow front of (he head.

riiilnier mentions only P. gciniuaia and P. jlnviala under this genus. Tt
should clearly have the priority over Cauqilognuuma.

l^an-d. — "(Jf medium length, not attenuated, ilattencd above, laterally
cariuatcd, with distinct lines, with piliferous warts arranged in trapezoids,
and a rounded anal ilap; head small and subglubukr; living on low plants.
Pupa subterranean." — G ueuee.

Synopsis of the sj)ecks.

A large wliito ring around tlie, iliseal dot ; ten lines V. fluvuiUi.

About lil'tecu light lines, alternating with reddish-browu bauds /'• miillifn-ula.

Tlkmyria fluviata llubncr. Plate 8, fig. 23, 24.

" Gcomcfm flm-iata Hiibii., Sclini. Knr., t.xb. 54, 230, 281 ; rjamnula, 2.S:'>,_173G."*

I'lcmijrm fliiriald and ijtmmtila -Iliibu., Verz., ">?A, li-JlS.

JrUlaliii Jhiriatn and ijemmuhi Treits., Sebni. Knr., vi, .V.; Snpjil., 207, 1838.

Larailiu ijcmmnia Dnp., Snpid., iv, 38i), pi. 81, lig. (i, 1842.

Lai-eiilia f/fmiiiuria andjliiriaria ISoisd., Gen. Inil., 20r>, 1840.

Laientia Jlnriaria and (jeimuariu, II.-Scli., Scbni. Knr., iii, 175, 1847.

ricmyrla yemmata Stcpli., List Li'p. Br. Mas., 208, 18o0.

Cidar'wjhnidla Led., 1!. Z. (les. Wien, 2GC,, IS.'',:!.

VampluijramiiKt /liirialci and yiiHinala Gnmi., I'lial.. ii, 429, 4r.0, 1S.")7.

Wall;., Lep. llet. l!r. JIus., xxv, l;i2.'>, 18fi2.

24<?.2o 9. — liody and wings dull clay-yellowish; bead darker. Fore
wings dull clay-ycllowis!i, the gronnd-color lighter thiln the body and Iiind
win-'-s; three basal, waved, white lines, ed.'red ii-regularlv wiili black. A median
blackish band, \\'idrst in the discal s[!ace; both edges irregularly sinuou.-;; the
outer edg(; willi a prominent loolii below the costa, and tmotlieron the l;a::e ei

* When I have been unable to consult the works cited, orVeril) the synonymy, I have put \ ho
vcferene<' in (iniitalion-niarhs.

71)

tlic fiisl mciliaii venule. This luind iiiclosfs ii iiroiniiicnl, larjxo, roinulisli, l)l;i(k
(liscal (lot, willi a I'aiiit wliilisli ciiclc aroiiiid il, Iml not, nearly so disline'. as
ill the feuialc. A wiiile line, mixed with daik, a.ngular, wavy, and paiiillcl
with the outer edge oi' the median hand, and situated liall-way between tlio
hand and the outer edge orilie wing. A line, wavy, white, suhmargiiial line;
a prominent, loni:, dirk, ohrKjue, apical streak, edged above witii wlute.
Fringe on both wings with a prominent white line at base. Hind wing.s
dusky within tin' middle, inelosing the small diseal dot ; beyond are four or
five wavv lines like those on the front winjjr, with a more prominent one iialf-
\\;\\ between the dark inner portion and the vdisr of the wing; l)enea1h, \\u\
lines are distinctly reprodiu'cd, i)ut not the median band; the eosta is ciieck-
cred with light and dark spots, and there is a small, black, diseal dot.

Female of the same form and size as the male, but the ground-color is
a uniform, bright, ( dear red. The dark mesial l)aii<l is consequently indistinct ;
but the large, c()ns[)icnous, broad, white, diseal ringlet will easily distinguish
this species from any other Larentian moth. The outer line is white, wavy,
and irregular, and much more distinct than in the male. The markings on
the underside of the wings are much as in the male; but the outer line,
common to both wings, is much darker and moi'e distinct than in the mah;.

Length of Itody, c?, 0.30, 9, O.^G; of fore wings, S,0A2, 9, 0.45; expanse
of wings, O.'JO inch

London, Canada (Saunder.s); Mount Washington, X. II , July (Morrison);
Brunswick, Me. (Packard); Salem, Mass., at light. May 27, July 18 (Cassino);
Nahant, Mass. (Moering); Massachusetts (Harris Coll., Sanl>()rn); "West
Farms, X. Y. (Angu.s); Albany, X. Y., September 27 (Lintner); Xew Jer.sey
(Sachs); Philadelphia, Pa. (Amer. Ent. Sue.); Easton, Pa. (Stultz); Pilatka,
Fla., February (Burgcs.s); Saiut Louis, "Slo., February G (Riley); Detroit,
Mich. (Swartz, M. C. Z.); L)alla.s, Tex., August, not rare (Boll); Waco, Tex.,
March 23, July 12 (Belfrage); Lawrence, Kans., May 1 (Snow); California
(Behrens and Edwards). B is evidently double-brooded.

TheCalili)rnian examples are a little larger (length of wing, S, OAS inch)
than eastern ones.

Sta'udinger gives as the range of this species, Central and Xorthern
Europe, England, Bithinia, Syria, and xVmur.

Lan-a. — That PJlaviata is the male oi' gemma/u was proved i)y a writer

'80

in the " Entoinoloirisrs Intelligencer" for 1858. The following remarks arc
taken iVoni Newman's Puitish ]\I()tlis, 18G9:

" I have li)iiu(i Ihe caterpillar of this geometer on (lie leaves of tlie com-
mon |)ersicaria (Poli/gonuiii pcrskarhi) ; hut I liave not descrihed it from
nature, as a xcA'y accurate description, which 1 have quoted below, was pre-
viously piiblislied in tlie 'Entomologist's Intelligencer' for 1858 : 'A lovely
female of I iiis species laid me some eggs on the 24th of July. They were
oblong, ilattisli, and yellow, l)ut changed to a dusky-brown color ou the 1st
of August. The tbilowing day, the caterpillars hatched. At first, they were
very dingy, but on tlie btli of August became dusky snp-green, and on Ihe
IGtli assumed tlieir characteristic markings. There were evidently two dis-
tinct varieties, one of which had the ground-cok)r of a grecnisli gray, tinged
will) red between tlie segments; the spiracular line blackish, and ii-regularly
interrupted; the back (except the last two segments) dusky, having on the
intermediate segments a row of five elongated diamonds of the ground-color,
with a dusky dot in each ; on the front segments, these markings ran into three
parallel dusky lines, while, on the end segments, there were four slender, dusky
lines arranged in a diamond pattern ; the claspers had a dusky stri[)e running
down them. The other variety had the ground-color of a light yellowish
green, quite yellow between the segments; the s|)iracuiar line and pattern on
the back liiintly indicated by dusky-black lines and dots. These caterpillars
fed readily on groundsel {Senecloxulgnris)^ at last eating through stems bigger
than themselves; but, as their I'rass seemed very watery, I doubt whether
this is their proper ibod. They were quiet in their habits, resting on the
under sid(! of the leaves, hiding themselves skillfidly, and could not be easily
dislodged. When disturbed, they curled up the front segments, but not into
such a twisted knot- as I have sometimes seen in more slender geometers.
From the 21st to the 2J(I of August, the catei'pillars, being full-fed, spun up
in moss. After liaving been in chrysalis about a foitnight, the perfect insects
emended. There wenit down two ot" the green and four of the darker cater-
piUars. These have come u[) again, one (J. Jlac'm'ji (male), and five C. gfiii-
DUiria (lemale), such a narrow risk did I run of missing the solution of this
problem. Solved, however, it is; and C.JlacUda and C. gcDimny'ia are hereby
declared to be man and wile. I expected to [\\\A the diiference of color in
the catei pillar would turnout to l)e a sexual one; this, however, has been
contradicted by the result. The chrysalis is lirown, smooth, sjjikeil at the

81

<ail, and inclosod in a lliin silknn coroon in moss. T have now soon, in all,
altonf fifteen specimens (A' C Jluviala and six ol" ('. s^'mmnna, aw^ find (lial
tlip ai)senee in each of what were considered Hie distinetivo iiiarkin','s of Ihe
oilier is not eonslanl. The suhapical hlofc.h of C. Jluviata may be traced inoic
or less distinctly (sometimes quite distinctly) in C. iicmmaria, while sonn;
specimens of C. //wii/«/« have the central spo( ])laee(l iiilheli<rhf riiiir; onlv
the dark irroiind of C. geiiiDiaria makes this riiiy: shine l()rlh mneli more
briirhtly, just as a ncirro's suhle skin enhances liie wliifciiess of his eyes. ( )iie
of my l>i-ed specimens, having given me the slip over (he edge of the lai)le,
was detected in a dark corner of (he room by (he whi(e spo(s on (he lore;
wings. As to the other markings, they are, line for line, preciselv similar;
so that the ground-color alone remains to make the sexes look unlike, and per-
haps further I)reeding may sometimes ujiset this.'"

Plemykia MULTiFERAi'A Packard. Plate 8, fig. 22.

Camptogramma muliiftrata Walk., List Lep. llrt. I!r. Mns., xxvi, 171.">, 186i.

f) i . — Body and wings reddish-brown, with a slight purplish tinge. Fore
wings with the costa fuller, more sinuate than in P.Jlutnata, crossed by about
fifteen parallel lines at a regular distance apart; the lines are firm, not very sin-
uate, with reddish-brown bands between them. A band just beyond the middle
of the wing is somewhat irregular, broken transversely into two or three
pieces, and is wider on the costa than elsewhere. A submarginal white band
is much more sinuate than the others, making a large, rather deep, suliapical
fiexure. This line is double. Another whitish line, between it and the edge
of the wing, ends firmly on the apex, and ])ostcriorly ends just before the
inner angle of the wing. On the hind wings, which are rather paler than the
anterior pair, and are a little less sinuate on the out(T edgi? than in P. Jluviata,
there are about five dark lines, the inner three of which fade out before reach-
ing the middle of (Ik- wing. A small discal dot, situated far within the middle
of the wing, as in P. Jluviata. Beneath reddish-brown, with whitish blotches
and lines, effaced behind (he costal region and toward the base of the wing.
Costal region checkered and marked wi(li reildish-lirow n and white. A reg-
ularly and .deeply scalloped submarginal line; a distinct, oblique, apical, white
line Hind wings colored much as above.

Length of body, (? , 0.40; of fore wings, <?, 0.50-0 54; expanse of wings,
0.95-1.10 inches.
11 I- II

82

Qiuibec, Canada (F. X. Belangev); Brunswick, Me. (Packard); Cam-
l.ridiie, Mass. (Harris Coll.); Brewsters, N. Y. (Groto); Ithaca, N. Y. (H. 11.
Sniitli, Corn. Univ.); Oneida, N. Y. (R. V. Hawley); Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef);
Phil. I'a. (Anier. Eat:' Soe.) ; Missouri, May (Riley) ; Lawrence, Ivans.,
April ;;0 (Snow) ; Victoria, Vancouver Island, July (Crotch) ; Nova Scotia).

This icnuirkable species need not be confounded with any other Geo-
rnetrid niuth, the markings are so peculiar ; as many as fifteen light lines
alternating witli reddish-brown bands.

Deddcratum.

Cvrtmia ohruptela Walk., List. Lep. Br. Miis., xsvi, 1713, IbfiS. This is a Pleinyria.

EPIRRITA Hiibner. Plate 1, fig. 4.

Epirrila Hiibii., Teutamen, 1810 (or befon;).

Oporiina Hiibu. (in part), Verz., 321, 1818.

Acidalia Treits. (in part), Scbm. Eur., tI, 5, 1828.

Lareulia Diip. (in part), Lep. France, Noct., viii (v), 35H, 1830.

Uporabia .Stepb. lUtr. Haust., 273, 1831.

fcniisia Curt., Br. Ins., 7.''>9, 1839.

Enholia Boisd. (in part), Gen. Ind., 201, 1840.

Lureniia Boisd. (in part), Gen. Ind., 204, 1840.

Ili/dreUa H.-Scli. rin part), Scbm. Enr., iii, 110, 1847.

Lnroitia H.-.Scb. (in part), Scbm. Eur., iii, 141, 1847.

Oporahla .Stopb., List Lep. Br. Mus., 198, 1850.

Cidaria Led. (in part), Verb. B. Z. Ges. Wieu, 253, 1853.

f'cniisia Gneu., Pbal., i, 440, 1857.

Oiioiabia Gnen., Pbal., ii, 261, 18,57.

nuusia Walk., Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xsii, 678, 1861.

Ojmrabia Walk., Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, 1167, 1862.

Head large, with the front very full, bulging out much more than
usual. Palpi small and slender, not reaching to the front. Antennas either
pectinated, the branches fine, slender; or short and stout, ciliated, or simply
ciliated. Fore wings short and broad, triangular, the eosta being much arched
toward the a|)e.\, which is much rounded, especially in the male; outer edge as
long as the inner in the male, shorter in the female. Hind wings large, long,
and rounded, extending far beyond the end of the abdomen. Venation much
as in G/auco])fery.x, but the venides, especially the second and third subcostal,
are much shorter; the posterior discal venule very oblique, and not bent,
while there is l)ut one subcostal cell. Hind tarsus a little shorter than the
tibia. AbdomtMi long and slender, with a very slight anal tuft. The colora-
tion is pecidiar, but veiy uniform in th(! different species. They are whitish-
gray, with about a dozen wavy, darker lines, somewhat l)roken Ijetweeu the
V(!ins. The origin of Ihc first and second median venule is i)lack.

m

Tliis sjoiins is rasily <lis1iii<iiiislic(l liy llie aiitcmun being soincliinos
pcctiiiatetl {E. camhricar'm and E. Vl-lincMld); hy llic liiil<>;iii<r fiinil, (l.M-I<cr
lliaii (lie rest ot'tlic licad: liytlic lr('l)l(', slt-iidcr |);il|)i ihiI rcadiini^r the fioiil ;
as well as liy \hv lnoad, sliorl, triangular wings. In all llicsc cliaraclcrs,
except the antenna', wliieli are sometimes ])ectinatcd in (ilducuptiri/x, it
ditiers from the latter genus, though closely like it in venation.

Larni. — " Kather short, a little Ila1tcn<'d, >velvcty green, with the ventral
region white or glaucous: head small and globular; living exposed on trees.
I'upa suhterianeau." — Guenee. E. auiihrirdi'nt appears by Newman's state-
ment to i-emain in leaves in the ])U]ia stat(\

It is singidar how constantly E. cambricaria has l)een separated gen-
crically from E. dilu/ata; tliough, according to Lederer, it was regarded l)y
Standfuss as a variety of E. dUututa. Why Curtis separated it from ''Ojiora-
bia'' does not seem plain, as lie remarks that "it is doubtful whetlier it may
not be necessary to remove Opornhla to the genus before us." He then
compares E. (liis Venusi(i) camhrica with E. diluiata and E. maUistrigariu. E.
cambricaria is so close to E. dilutata that I had regarded it as a variety of
that species, and referred to it under that name in Hayden's Report for 1874.

There seems no good reason why Hiibner's name Ejnrrita should not be
restored, though lu; ignored it in his Verzeichniss and used Oporin'ui instead.

Synopsis of the Species.

Very small, with broad, iliil'use lines, or, when a little rubbefl, aboutFtwelve lineson the foro

wings ; four lines on umlcr side of hind wings E. peiiincata.

Like 0. perliiwata, with twelve line lines on the fore wings A'. l2-UHcata.

Nearly twice as large as the preceding, with a well-marked, black V on the origin of the

tirst and second niedi:in venules ; antennai pectinated E. cambriouria.

Larger than E. cambrUaria, with similar markings ; antenn;B simple E. dilutata.

Epikrita perlineata Packard. Plate 8, fig. 25, 68.

Larcnlia pcrtincata Pack., Proc. Bost. S. N. H., xvi, 19, H74.

5 <?, 5 9. — Closely resembling, in size, shape, and markings of wings,
E. \2-/int'afa. The head is whitish-gray above, in front dark-brown;
the palpi brown at tips above. Antennae simple. The fore wings are
white, crossed by numerous wavy, tine lines, about twelve in number. It
differs chiefly from E. Vl-lbieata, however, in the median line ])eing much
broader and more distinct, and with a brcxid ochreous shade between it and
the'line beyond. The hind wings are whit(\ with the scalloped lines on the

84

outer lialt of tlic wing very distinct, being continuous ami a little diffuse.
Beneath uiucli as in E. ]2-lineafaria, witii four well-m-arked lines on the tiind
wings, the innermost (juite near the hase of tiie wing. Al)donien wliitish-
gray, unspotted. Legs: two anterior pair dusky ahove; hinder pair white.

Length of hody, c?, 0.32, 9, 0 30 ; fore wing, S, 0.45, 9, 0.42; expanse
of wings, 0.84 inch.

Mount Washington, N. H,, Jiily, counnon (Morrison); Albany, N. Y.,
May 4 (Lintner); Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef); West Virginia, April (Mead).

Tliis small species is half the size of E. camhiicaria, and differs in having
about twelve fine lines on the fore wings and tinir or five unbroken lines on
the hintl wings. The median line on the fore wings is very distinct, and with
a brownish and ochreous shade beyond.

Epirrita 12-lineata Packard. Plate 8, fig. 26.

Larenlia Vi-liiieala Pack., Proc. Host. S. N. H., xvi, 1'.), pi. 1, lij;. 1 his, 1874.

3 c? , 5 9 . — An unusually small species, half the size of E. dilutata, and
about as large as E.albulata of Europe. Male antennae well ciliated. Head
above whitish-gray, in front dark-brown ; palpi brown at tip, paler below.
Body and wings white, with a slight grayish tinge on costa of fore wings and
on the thorax. Wings of the same form as in E. dilutata, excejjt that the apex
of the fore wings is rather more pointed. Fore wings white, crossed by about
twelve black, thread-like lines, waved or scalloped, the outer ones mostly
represented by venular black dots. The inner lines are usually scalloped.
All the linos are more distinct and broader on the costa, and angulated out-
ward more or le.^s acutely just below the costa. Across the middle of the
wings run three parallel lines, finer and nearer together than the others. The
marginal row of intervenular black spots distinct on both wings. Hind
wings white, with four or five dark, slightly-marked lines, of which the two
inner are scalloped, while the three outer are represented by venular dark
points. Beneath a little more dusky than above, with the lines on the inner
half of fore wings wanting; a median, double, dusky line, ending in a dark,
clear spot on the costa and inner edge. Tiie lines beyond faint. The mar-
ginal black line distinct on both wings. Hind wings marked like the fore
wings. Discal dots indistinct on hot li pairs of wings. Abdomen dull-whitish,
unspotted. Fore legs brown, l)a,nded witli narrow white rings; hind legs
whitish.

Leiiglli oflxxh-, c?, O.So, 9, O.L>() : li»n! wiiiir, «?, ().4o, 9, 0.10; expanse
of wings, U.85-0.90 inch.

Tills diminutive spc^ries seems to occur CH)mmonly in C'alii'ornia, wiicre
it lias been collected by Mr. P^dwards It also occurs at San Mateo, Cal. ;
specimens liuving Ix-en collected liy Mr. Alex. Agassiz (Mus. Comp. Zoology).
It lias l)eeii taken by Mr. Behrens at Sanzalito, February 4-26, March 22,
April 23, May 2. Il may be recognized by i(s small size and wliife, manv-
lineated wings. From Guene'e's L. implicata it ditlt'rs in the wings being
entirely white, and also in the markings, as well as the smaller size. It may
be found to intergrade with E. perUneata of the Eastern States. It is a little
larger, and with more acute fore wing.s, than that species or variety (!).

Epirrita cambricaria Packard. Plate 8, lig. 27

Vemma camhrk-a Cult., Br. Eiit., pi. 7.')9, 1839.
HildirUa-cnilariii Uiip., Siippl., iv. 4."), pi. 54, li^. 4, lSi'2.
'Eitbiilia rrtilaria Boisd., Goii. Iiul., yO:i, 1840.
'■ Cidaria iichiilomria Freyer, Eur. ScUin., tab. 5'28'' (date f).
Uijdrdia enilaria H.-Scli., Sclini. Eur., iii, HI, tig.s. 2.")H, 259, 1847.
Cklaria cambrwa Led., Vurh. B. Z. GiiS. Wieu, iiG5, 1853.
J'enuKia vamhrira Sti'pli., Li.st Lep. Br. Mus., 136, 1850.
rennaia cambricaria Gucn., Plial., i, 440, 1857.

Walk., Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxii, (578, 1861.

6 c?, 2 9. — Considerably smaller than Ephrifa dilutata, with distinct-
ly-pectinated antennae and more triangular fore wings. Palpi small and
slender, short, black beyond the middle. Head brown in front; antenn?e dark-
brown above, with ciliated, slender pectinations, about twice as long as the
antennae are thick. Body and wings light whitish-gray. Fore wings with
seven well-marked lines, the three inner and extradiscal lines black, and the
most distinct. The basal line very near the insertion of the wing, bent outward
acutely on the subcostal and less so again on the median vein. The .second line
is brown rather than black below the costa, and situated nearer the third than
the basal; it is sharply angulated outward in the costal space, and slightly
cnrvi^l below, but not wavy. Thei()urtii line black, forming below the costa
a hair-line, and accompanied within by a lirown shade. Both lines disappear
between the median and internal vein. A small lilack discal dot, nearly touch-
ing a brown, wavy hair-line The extradi.scal line black and heavy in front of
the median vein; not bent on the costa as in E. dilutata, but straight, and only
curved inward just below the median vein, below which it is wavy. It is

8(3

acc(>iii|)Uiiie(l externally by a (lili'u.se, wavy, brown shade. From the dark
shade, two diverging, conspicuous, black streaks follow the base of the median
veins, forming a rude >. Two similar, but parallel, black streaks follow the
origin of the two lower subcostal veins ; beyond are two scalloped siibmar-
ginal lines; a marginal row of black Iriangukr spots. Fringe whitish. Hind
wings whitish, with four waved lines, the two submurginal ones acutely zigzag.
A slight discal dot. Beneath, the fore wings are somewhat dusky ; the hind
wings pale-whitish, with a ftiint ochreous tinge. The discal dots are more
distinct than above on both wings, with a common, sinuous, extradiscal line,
and a submarginal, fainter, double line, most distinct on the costa. Legs
whilisii ; fore legs dark in front. Abdomen whitish gray, with paler narrow
rings.

Length of body, ^,0.43, 9,0.41; of Ibre wings, c?,0.45, 9,0.4(5; expanse
of wings, 1.12 inches.

Quebec, Canada (B&langer); London, Canada (Saunders); Mount Wash-
ington, N. H., July 7 (Morrison and Sanl)orn); Catskill, N. Y. (Mas. Coinp!
ZooL).

Larva. — "The eggs are laid about the 17th of July, and the young
caterpillars emerge about the 27th. They feed on mountain-ash or rowan-
tree {Fyrusaucupana), and, when full-fed, spin together a division of the leaf
of the food-plant, and change to a chrysalis." — Newman's British Moths, 76.

This seems to be a truly mountain-species, not yet having occurred in
the lowlands. It is closely allied to E. dilutata, but is considerably smaller,
with more distinctly triangular wings and well-pectinated antennas ; those of
the latter species being simple. The markings, which in their general
arrangement are closely similar to those of E. dilutata, differ in the extra-
discal line being straight on the costa, while there are more lines on the hind
wings.

The present species difi'ers from E. perlineala and 12-Iiueata in its much
larger size, the strongly-pectinated antennae, the straight extradiscal line, and
in (he distinct V, &c., on the middle; of the wing, though this is indicated in
l)oth of tile diminutive species. From E. dilutata it differs in its smaller size
and pectinated njale antenn;«.

There is not much variation among my specimens, which are all well
preserved. In one s])ecimen, collected by Mr. Morrison, the row of black,
short streaks, half-way between tlie extradi-cal line and the edge of the wing,

87

i,s nioro roiriiliif and distinct tlian usual, owing (o jlic (iljsnlcscrncc nl' tin;
usual scalloped shades or lines on each side.

Compared witli two European alpine examples received I'rom Dr. Stau-
dinger and Professor Zeller, there are uo apparent diilercnces either in size
or ujarkings.

KriKKiTA DILUTATA lliibuer. J'lale Id, la.st fig.

" Gcomctni dilulalu lioikli., Knr. Subui., v, 290, 1791."

" Hiibii., Schin. Eur., tab. 36, (ig. 1«8, 1796."
Kpirrila dilulala Iliibii., Tent., 1806-16.
Oporutia (IHitlata Iliibii., Vt'iz., 'ii-i, 181S.
AvidcUa dilulala Tieits., Scbiii. Eur., vi (ii), 26, 1828.
Oporahia dilulala Stcph., 111., iii, 27:J, IsSl.
I.arciilin dihitaria Boisd., Gen. Ind.. 207, 1810.
Laniilia dilulala Il.-Scb., Si-lim. Eur., 160, tig. 188, 1847.
Oporabia dilulala Stciili., Ca!. lir. Lep., 198, 1850.

Gueii., rbal.,ii, 262, 1857.
Cidaria dilulala Stand., Cat., 80, 1861.
Oporahia dilulala Walk., Li.st Lcp. Hot. Br. Mu.s., xxiv, 1168, 1S62.

10 (?.— This is a much larger species than E. cambricaria, hut with very
similar markings. It may always be distinguished l)y the; simple mah^ antennte.
Body and wings pale ash-gray. Fore wings with eight well-defined sinuous
or scalloped blackish lines, most distinct on the costa and veins; the basal
line is heavy, and bent rectangularly between the subcostal and median veins;,
the next line, rather remote from the basal, curves inward on the subcostal
vein, and outward on the median space ; the two lines beyond are approxi-
mate, but less .sinuous; the fourtli line from the base of the wing is broad,
ditl'use, twice as broad on the costa as the three others; beyond this line is a
clear median space, in the middle of which is the distinct discal dot; beyond
are four more or less distinct lines, of which the outer (or submarginal) is
mo.st distinct and regularly scalloped ; a marginal row of twin black dots;
friiiifc whitish. Hind wings with traces of" four .scalloped lines, the marginal
one the heaviest; marginal spots and fringe as in the fore wings; beneath,
the lines on the hind wings are much as aljove ; but those on the fore wings
are obsolete, represented by four costal spots on the outer half of the wing.

Length of body, <?, 0.45; of fore wing, S, 0.75; expanse of wings, 1.60
inches.

Labrador, Moravian j\Iissions (Moeschler) ; Saint George's Bay, New-
foundland, "Hew ai)oard in numbers September 26, 1874'' (Mr. J. Milne);
received from Mr. R. McLachlan.

88.

This species differs from the others by its large size and simple antennse.
It will undoubtedly be found in the mountainous and boreal regions of North
America, as it seems to be common in Newlbundland and also in Labrador,
and can scarcely be regarded as an imported species. My examples do not
differ materially from European ones. Its range in Europe is set down by
Staudinger as follows : Northern and Central Europe ; Piedmont ; Ural Mount-
ains ; ! Armenia; Amur; Lapland.

To the synonyms given above may be added the following from Guende,
which I have Ijeen unable to verify : ventilata Fabr. 226, autumnrita 132,
inqduinata 131, (juadrifasciata 133, ajfiniata 134, carpinata 135 1 Bork.,
inscriptata T)ono\., Jiitibr lata Haw., neglcclata Steph. It is called in Europe
the November moth.

Larva. — "The head of the caterpillar is rather narrower than the body,
and not notched on the crown; the body is stout, velvety, and cylindrical;
the colour of the Lead is dull-green, the mouth tinged with purple; the body
is apj)le-green above, but liable to great variation, purple markings sometimes
appearing on all the segments; the back of the second segment, and a median
line on the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth segments, are often of this colour, and
the thirteenth segment is generally tinged witli purple ; there is, moreover, a
white stripe just below the spiracles ; the body is glaucous or blue-green ;
the legs are pale transparent-green, the claspers of nearly the same colour,
but often tinged or blotched with purple. It feeds on white-thorn, black-
thorn, horn-beam, sloe, oak, and almost every forest tree, and is full-fed in
June." — Newman's British Moths, 109.

THERA Stephens. Plate 1, fig. 5.

TtysKtroma Hiibn. (in part), Veiz., 338, 1818.

I'lhiryii lliibu. (in part), Verz., 335, 1818.

Chesias Treits. (in part), Scbui. Eur., vi (i), 330, 1827.

Dup. (in part), I^ep. France, viii (v), 407, 1830.
Tlicm Stopb., 111., iii, 271, 1831.
Cidaria Boixd. (in part), Gen. ot Inilex, 213, 1840.
Chcuitw Hoisd. (in part), Gen. ct Inilex, 213, 1840.
Mchinlhia Boisd. (in iiart), Gen. et Index, 217, 1840.
Lareulia H.-Scb. (in part), Scbm. Eur., iii, 141, 1847.
Them Stopb., Cat. Br. Lep., 10(5, 1850.

Gucn., Pbal., ii, 370, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Br. Mn,s., xxiv, I'JCO, 1802.

^ ■ — Head rather fuller and wider in front than in Petropliora. Antennae
and \yd\\)\ as in Pdroplioid, the latlcr l)eiug long and pointed, rather bushy,

89

tlic lliird joint shMulcr .uid iicutp ; they project ;is liir heyond the front ;is in
Pftropliora. Fore wings nuicli as in Pelrvplwra, \\\v. eonvexily of I lie cosla
the sani(>, and the apex subaeute. The hind wings are of the sarn(! shape as
in Pctropltoni. The; venation (Htfers deci(h>dly, the first tiiree subcostal
venules Ix'ing nuieli sliorter than in any other genus of the subfamily cxceiit
llyd/ioDuna; the oriuius of these venules are e<|uidis1aiit, the origin of the
second sulxostal being situated halt-way between the end of the outer snii-
costal cell and the origin of the third venule. There are tvfo subcostal cells,
the inner one usually much smaller than the outer. The origin t)f (lie first
median venule is rather remote from the second, much as in Lohophord.
Hind wings as in Petrop/iom. Hind legs with the tarsi as long as the tibia;;
the first joint of the tarsus nearly as thick as the tibiae. Coloration like that
of Pe.tropliora, but with a narrow median band on the fore wings.

This genus chicHy differs from Petrophora in the venation, and the fuller
front of the head, and the coloration. The venation is much as in Hydriomena,
and is so different from Pelrophora as to forbid uniting it with that genus.

Larva. — "Quite short and slender, a little swollen anteriorly, with very
distinct lines; head large, subglobular, liordered with the prothoracic shield;
anal points very distinct; living on conifers. Pu])n green ; in cocoons of silk,-
among leaves." — (Guende.)

Thera contractata Packard. Plate 8, fig. "2 8.

CUana (Thcra) contracia Pack., Fifth Rep. Poab. Acad. Sc, 56, 1871.

3 <?. — Palpi, head, and thorax, as well as wings, pale cinereous; base
of fore wing with scattered black scales, and two angled, parallel, black
lines, the outer heavier, and marked with longitudinal stripes on the veinlets;
beyond, a Iiroad, pale band, of very uniform width, slightly angled on the
median vein; beyond, a mesial band margined with black, narrowing iiion;
than usual on the iuiier margin, where it is less than one-third as broad as on
the costa, and the two black margins meet, forming two contiguous black
patches. In front, the band encloses obscure ringlets of cinereous ; the sides
art! niori! broadly dark on the costa; discal dot black; beyond, an obscure,
pale patch; margin with a zigzag white line, the acute scallops enclosing
dark dofs ; edge of both wings with the usual black dots, and fringe concol-
orous with (he rest of the wing, and hind wing uniform pale cinereous, with

90

two (luskv lines. IJnipatli, dusky on basal two-thirds; discal dots distinct,
outer one-third luteous; pale, with the pale zigzag Hue on costal half, and on
hind wing two distinct, dusky lines.

Length of body, 0.40; length of fore wing, 0.45; expanse of wings,
1.00 inch.

Brunswifk, Me. (Packard); Portland, Me. (Morse, Mus. Conip. Zool.).

Easily known l)y the narrow, dark, mesial band, l)lack and very narrow
on inner edge, and the ])ale, zigzag line re-appearing beneath; also, on tt)re
wing, a black streak near apex, and a smaller apical black dot. It is closely
related to the European Them j iinq)e rata.

HYDRIOMENA Hlibner. Plate 1, fig. 6.

Ilydriomtna lliibii. (iii i)art), Verz., 322, 1818.

Acidalia Troits. (in part), Schiu. Ear., vi (ii), ."i, 1828.

ipsipcten Steph., Noniuucl. Br. lus., 44, 182!»; "Cat., ii, 138, 1829."

I.nnnlUi Dup. (in part), Lup. France, viii (v), 358, 1830.

ICictlialUt Steph. (in part), III., iii, 252, 1831.

Cidaria Boisd. (in part). Gen. et Index, 212, 1840.

Lariiilia Il.-Sch. (in part), ScliHi. Eur., iii, 141, 1847.

llijdriomena Steph., Cat. Br. L<'p., l'J5, 1850.

Y})si}n'tc8 Gnen., Plial., ii, 37G, 185',).

Walk., List Lep. Br. Mus., sxiv, 1266, 1862.

(? and 9 . — Head rather larger and a little wider and fuller between the
eyes than in Pctropliora. Palpi long and porrect, pointed, beak-like; the
hairs close; the entire appendage rather stouter than in Petrophora, and fully
as long. Antennae of male ciliated. Fore wings rather longer and often
narrower, with the ai)ex not subfalcate, as usual in Petrophora and other
genera of the subfamily, but the apex is olituse ; outer edge obhque, as in
Petrophora ; hind wings shorter than in Petrophora, and much more pro-
duced toward the apex. Venation : two large, equal, subcostal cells ; the
subcostal venules very short, shorter than in any other genus except Thera ;
the second subcostal venule co-originating with the fifth on the other side of
the main vein. The discal venules well marked ; the posterior bent. Abdo-
men rather stout, ending in a broad tuil of hairs, rather shorter than in Petro-
pliora. The hind legs with the tarsi as long as the tibiae. In coloration, this
genus diilers decidedly from Petrophora by the greenish hues, often turning
dull red, and the broad smoky bands alternating with the grayish and green-
ish bands, which are bounded by black lines, and are irregular, wavy. The

91

apical, oI)li(|iie, black line is distinct and oWvu disloratcd. 'riicru arc iisnally
two parallel dusky bands on the hind winijs.

'I'lie sp(>cics ar(> distinguished from those of Felrophora by the oblonj^
wings, nnusually obtuse at the apex, the hind wings, scarcely extending
beyond the tip of the abdomen, by the i)n)ad tuft at the end of the abdomen,
and the unusual style of coloration a* well as the unusual venation.

This genus as developed in North America contains both of tiie two
coninioii European species and three others besides, so that this country may
be looked upon as the center of distribution for the northern hemisphere.

Larra. — " Quite short, cylindrical, thick, a little moniliform, with numer-
ous conspicuous lines; head small and globular: living exposed on trees
and shrulis."

i'uya. — "Contained between leaves." — Guenee.

Si/7iO]ms of the Species.

A. Fore wings with the bands edged with black, obli(pic, and wavy lines:

Fon^ winjiN oblong ; apex rectaiigular ; bands bordered with grconi.sh H. trifaeeiala.

Fore wings pointed ; bauds usually bordered with reddish --H. cali/uriiial<i.

B. No black lines ; wings crossed by sciveral distinct, smoky, or white lines:

Fore wings pointed; a marginal smoky Hue, olive-greeu, or reddish U. sordidafa.

Fore -wings with apex rectangular, brown, with five distinct smoky bands; mar-
gin of wing not smoky ^- '^-fasciata.

Fore wings black, with live conspicuous white bands i/. sj)(ci(»«a/a.

Hydriomena trifasciata Packard. Plate 8, fig. 29.

" Geomctra trifmdala Uork., Eur. Schni., v, 308, 1794."

" Geometra impluriuta Den. and Schiff., Verz., 109, n. Cat."

" Hiibu., Schm. Eur., •22:{ (post 1797)."
Acidalia imphniata Treits., Schm. Eur., vi, ii, 21, 1828.
Timpchs impluriata Steph., Nomenel. Br. Ins., 44, 1829; " Cat. ii, 1829."
Larcntia imphiviata Dup., Lep. France, viii (v), 424, pi. 200, tig. 3, 1830.
KuthuHa impliiiiaUi Stepb., 111., iii, 254, 1831.

Ciduria intpliiriaria Boisd., Gen. Ind., 214, 1840.
Larentia implnriaria H.-Sch., Schm. Eur., iii, 168, 1847.
Hydnomena imphii-iata Stepb., Cat. Br. Lep., 19.'), 1650.

Tpsipete.^ impluriala Guen., Phal., ii, 377, 1857.

Tvslpetes pliiriata Guen., Phal., ii, 378, 1857.

Ypsipihs impluviata Walk.. List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, 1207, 1862.

yi>8ipete»2>liiriala Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, 1266, 1862.

(5 i and 4 9. — Palpi long and slender; fore wings rather short and
broad, and aj^ex more rectangular than in any of the other species. Body
and wings light-gray. Fore wings light-gray, with a |)ale greenish tinge.

02

A basal black line directed obliquely, outward, endins nearlj twice as far
from the insertion of the wing on the inner as on the costal edge ; it is either
straight in its course or wavy, and makes an acute angle either on the median
vein, or jus-t above it; the line widens a little at each end. Half-way
between this and the middle line is a broad, smoke-colored, diffuse, irregu-
lar band, directed obliquely outward on the inner edge. The middle black
line is wavy, directed outward on the median vein, and then making a deep
sinus in the submediah space, and ending in a large black patch on th^ inner
margin. Between this line and the extradiscal is a broad, irregular, whitish
space, varying in color from ash-white to a shade scarcely paler than the rest
of the wing ; this broad band widens outward on the discal space, contracting
in front on the costa, but more so on the inner edge of the wing. The extra-
discal line is directed obliquely outward to the first median space, and sends
an acute angle inward on the independent vein ; from the angle made in the
middle of the «-ing, it retreats inward, curving around, and is scalloped
slightly (in some specimens the angle is much less marked than just
described I. Beyond the extradiscal line, the wing is greenish. Half-way
between the extradiscal line and the outer edge of the wing is a curved
smoke-colored band, widening toward the costa. Edge of the wing clear
greenish, with a row of geminate, short, longitudinal, black spots. An
oblique, l)lack, apical streak runs into a similar streak parallel with the costa ;
just above and parallel to the independent vein is a long black streak, touch-
ing the acute angle in the discal space of the extradiscal line. Discal dot
minute, obscure. Hind wings whitish gray, with two outer, faint, curved,
dusky lines Beneath, both wngs are concolorous with the upper side of the
hind wing5, with two common, dusky, extradiscal lines on each pair of wings ;
the inner are darker on the costa of the fore wings. Faint discal dots on
both wings. Fringe on both wings pale brown, faintly checkered with dusky.
Legs concolorous with under sides of %vings and abdomen. Anterior pair of
legs dark, ringed with lighter.

Length of body, c?, 0.45, 9, 0.45; of fore wing, c?, 0.60, ?, 0.55-0.66;
expanse of wings, 1.15-.1.30 inches.

Caribou L>^land, Straits of Belle Isle, Labrador, July (Packard) : London,
Canada (Saundersj; Orono, Me., July 6 (Packard; : Brunswick, Me., July
16-29 (Packard); Mount Washington, X. H., July (Morrison): Cambridge,
ifass., July 23 (Harris, Mus. Bost. Soc. X. H.i: Beverly, Mass., July 8

i»3

(Burgess); Racine. Wis. (iiov): Missouri (Riley ): Idaho Springs, Colo.. July
5, several flyin? amonir alders. 7.330 feet elevation (Packard. Hayden's Sur-
vey): "Saint Martin's Falls. Albany River, Hudson's Riy ; New York: Kast
Florida'* (, Walker).

This not very rare moth may be recognized by the rather oblong fore
winss compared with the other species, while the ai>ex is more rectangular,
and the j>ale-gray fore wings tinged between the bands with greenish, but
never with reddish. It is a more boreal and subarctic species than any of
the others, and is the only one yet found in the New England States, where
it is not uncommon. Though at first inclined to regard Guenee's pluviata as
distinct from the European, yet, on careful comparison with specimens
apparently from Austria, received from the Vienna Museum, all the speci-
mens I have differ only in the more decided black lines, especially the extra-
discal, while the submarginal smoky band is nearer the outer edge: but the
style and position of the markings are the same, and the markings on the
under side of the wings are identical. It varies much in the distinctness
and width of es and bands, especially the width of the median light

band, and the size of the two-toothed projection it makes in the first median
space. In the European and some New England specimens, this projection
is but slightly marked.

The Colorado specimens are grayish ash, and do not differ t>om eastern
examples. Length of fore wing. ^, 0.66 inch.

The Labrador specimen, which is a good deal rubbed, does not differ in
size and appearance from White ^fountain specimens: the laHer scarcely
differ from the Illinois and Missouri examples, which are perhaps more dis-
tinctlv greenish. Our specimens are all, with one exception, smaller than
the European, which expand 1.30 inches; a fact noticeable in nearly all the
other species common to the two hemispheres.

In this country — J. e.. the New England States, the White Mountains,
and Labrador — the moths fly in Jxuie and July (Labrador and White Mount-
ains in July). I have no record of any being found in August. Guene'e
savs that this species occurs in Boreal Europe, the Alps, Pyrenees, and in the
mountain-plains in May, and again in July and August: thus indicating two
broods. Staudinger records it from Central and Southern Europe (not Ice-
land), Central and Southern Italy, the Ural Mountains, and Eastern Siberia.
Newman records it as occurring, though by no means commonly, in England.

94

Scotland, and Ireland in May ; and Stainton records it as found only in May
in England.

Larva. — In Euro])(>, the larva feeds on the alder (Stainton's Manual).
"The caterpillar is stout and obese; it conceals itself during the day in a
roUed-up leaf of the alder, in which it feeds exclusively by night. Its color
is dingy yellow, with a medio-dorsal and two lateral lines of a glaucous
green." — Newman's British Moths, 153.

Hydeiomena caufobniata Packard. Plate 8, figs. 30, 32, 33.

Hjipiiipeles ctdiforniatii Pack., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xiii, 3'.)(i, 1871.

Ckiaria bintriohila Zeller, Vorli. Z.-B. Ges. Wieu., xxii, 41):?, Iii72.

Chlar'ia (/Uiuaila Pack., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xvi, 20, pi. 1, fi^. fi, .Ian., 18? 1.

12 (? and 6 9-. — Fore wings more produced toward the apex, outer edge
more oblique, and the whole moth rather larger than H. trifnscinta. Reddish
ash-gray, usually with a decided brownish tinge, front of the head pale ash;
palpi long, brown, j)ale on the edges. Eyes black; teguloe pale ash, speckled
with black. Base of fore wings reddish ; an oblique, l)lack, basal line finely
and acutely pointed on the median vein (sometimes the angle is wanting)
goes obliquely outward; it is bordered within with reddish; this, with an
irregular black line crossing the wing obliquely just before the discal dot and
bordered within with red, forms a dark l)and crossing the wing and enclosing
a median white or whitish-ash band ; a dark, irregular, black, extradiscal
line forming a great angle on the last subcostal venule, where it is connected
with an oblique, black, apical, broken line, and joining a dark patch or tuft
of ciTufi just beyond the middle of the inner edge ; between this and the
median line is a clear reddish-ash area, narrow on the inner edge of the wing,
and three times as wide on the costa, and enclosing a linear, long, black,
discal dot: this extradiscal line is broadly bordered externally and internally
with reddish-brown, which is f()ll()wed by a watery-ash band indented on the
venules; beyond, the wing is dark asii, the fringe concolorous; the oblique,
black, apical fine consists of three or four longitudinal spots. Hind wings
rather paler and of the same color beneath, with a single, extradiscal, dusky
band, sometimes wanting. Fore wings considerably dark(M- beneath.

Length of body, S, 0.50-0.58, 9, 0.50; of fore wing, <?, 0.55-0.70,
9, 0.62-0.65; expanse of wings, 1.05-1.40 inches.

Albany, N. Y. (Lintner, 2805); Philadelphia, Pa. (Amer. Ent. Soc);
West Virginia. .\|)ril 27 (Mead): Soiilhwestei-n Kenlneky (Kent ueky Geo-

515

loijical Survey, F. G. Sanborn); Conlr;iI Missouri (liiloy); Waro, Tc\..
^larcli If! (HcllVagc); Grand Rapids, nioiilii nl' S;iskatclic\\Mn, July 11
(Sciidder); UocUy Mountains (Grofe); Colorado ( .Mmd i; 1 >idhis, Tex. (Boll.
JIus. Coin|). Zool.) ; \ ictoiia, N'anconver Island, July, coninion ((Jro1(di. ^^us.
Coiiip. Zoul.); All)any, Greg. (J. I lollciiian) ; Calilornia (Hehrcns); Mi'iido-
cino City, Cal. (A. Agassiz, Miis. Com. Zool); Niles, Cal., Fol)ruary
(Behrens); Sanzalito, Cal, January G-26, February 9-16 (J. Behrens).

This is our most common Ibrni south and west of New England (where
it is replaced by If. tri/dsclafa), occurring in the Southern States in ]\rarch
and in the Middle ami Western States in April and May. It diilers
from H. trlfa.sciata by its longer fore wings, more pointed apex, anil oblicpie
outer margin, and its usually reddish instead of greenish bands, in the often
more sinuate, smoky, submarginal band, and, in those specimens which n)ost
nearly approach trlfasciatn, i. e., without reddish tints, tin; middle light band
is narrower, while the arrangement of the markings is very much the same.
The narrow and pointed fore wings are the best distinguisliing mark. To
H. sordidata it is closely allied in the shape of the wings, but differs entirely
in the style of the markings; the latt(!r not having the definite basal, middle,
and cxtradiscal black lines which characterize H. californiata and trifasclala.
An interesting variety (pi. 8, tig. 32), named l)y Professor Zeller Cidaria
h'lstriolata has been received from Saint Louis, '^lo., through Mr. Riley.
It is a bred specimen, and in excellent condition. The black lines are heavy
and almost suffused. The general tint of the wing is olive-green, w ith no
lines or distinct markings of any sort between the middle band and the i)asal
line; the middle band is nearly white, not reaching the costal edge, which is
heavily lined with black, connecting with the apical line; the band is dee])ly
scalloped, sending out a large two-scalloped ])rojection in the middle of the
wing, and below Iiecoming very narrow, the points of the scallops on o])posile
sides in the submedian space nearly dividing the band into isolated round
patches. A specimen from Kentucky bears a general resemblance to this,
but the ba.se of the wing and the mcnlian band iiave a distinctly yellowish
tinge. -A similar form also occurs in Texas. The specimen received from
Mr. Riley was 1j red from a pupa li)un(l under bark April 26. I have com-
pared Zeller's type (from Texas) in the Museum of Comparative Zoology
with Riley's specimen, and find no difference between them.

In small examples, the median white band is apt to be very wide and

96

conspicuous, the species varying much in this respect as H. sordidafa, so that
tlie varieties of tlie two species are apt to be confounded ; the variety of the
present species being distinguished by tlie whitish outer edge of the tin-e
wings, which in H. sordidata is smoiiy.

The large female specimen I described as Cidaria glaucata is a form of
H. cnnforniata. The head is wliitish on tlie vertex and front ; palpi ash-
l)rowii ; antenna' minutely ringed willi white and l)n)wii. Thorax, and fore
wings jjale glaucous-green. Fore wings with a brown squarish s]iot at base
of sul)median space; wing clear-green lieyond, just within the middle crossed
by a broad compound band, directed obliquely outward toward the middle of
the inner edge; the band is made up of two filiform, slightly-sinnated, black-
ish and red lines, enclosing, on each side of the median, wavy, smoky-gray
band, a broad green band; beyond is a broad clear space; a much sinuate, sub-
marginal, smoky band starts from the inner angle, and, after a long outward
curve, ends on the costa (just below which it is dislocated), at a distance
from the apex equal to the thickness of the thorax ; some black and reddish
scales are strewn along the edge of the band ; from a squarish thickened por-
tion, as if broken otf from the band, reaches out toward the apical black streak
a similar short black stripe; a marginal, narrow, thread-like, black line.
Fringe whitish, dark at the ends of bands. Hind wings whitish, with two
parallel, curved, slightly-scalloped, dusky lines, situated nearer the outer edge
than usual. Both wings beneath pale-whitish, concolorous with the upper
side of the hind wings, with very faint indications of two outer, parallel, dusky
lines common to both wings. Legs brown, ringed with white.

Length of body, 0.60; of fore wing, 0.70 inch.

California (Edwards).

Hydriomena sordidata Packard. Plate 8, figs. 31, 34, 35.

Geometra sordidata Fabr., Kiit. Syst., 185, 171(4.

" Geomclra nr.langnlata Fabr., Systcma Kiit., KiC, 1775 ; Eiit. Syst., 195, 1794."

" Geometra elulata Hubu., Scbm. Eiir., 224 (post 1797), 382 ab., 384, 385 ab."; Staiul. Cat.

Acidalia ehitata Ticits., Schra. Eur., vi, (ii), 20, 18'^.

Ypripetes eliitata Steph., Noniencl. Br. Ins., 44, 1829 ; " Cat., ii, 1829."

Dup., Lep. Friiiice, viii (v), 42fi, pi. 200, figs. 1, 2, 1830.
Eulhalia eltitata Sti^pli., 111., iii, 254, 1831.
Cidaria elittaria Boisd., Gen. Ind., 214, 1840.
Larcntia cluturia H.-Scli., Schm. Eur., iii, 168, 1847.
U Hdriomena clutala Stopli., Cat. I5r. Lep., 195, 18,50.
Xpsipctcs vliitata (!iuin., I'lial., ii, 378, 18,57.

Walk , List Lr]>. Ilrf. I!r. Mns.. xxiv, 1267, 1862.

HiipiiijMles iiiiliilo/auiatii I'aek., Proo. Bost. Soc. N. H., xiii, 398, l"*"!.

HiipnipiiteK alhi/asciula Piiik., Sixth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc, 41, 187.1; I'loc Host. Boc. N. II., xvi, pi. 1, lig. T),
187-1.

8 c? and 8 9. — In the shape oftlie wings, this species closely reseml>les
H. calijbrnlata ; the apex being pointed, tiie outer margin very oblique, and
tlie costa rather convex. The palpi, however, are shorter. Head, thorax, and
fore wings olive-green (^or, when liided, reddish-lirown). Hind wings and
abdomen pale-ash, with a dark dorsal ab(U)minal line. Fore wings dark olive-
green (or reddish instead), cros.sed by six smoke-colored bands. The basal
line linear, directed obliciuely outward, but uol waved. This is succeeded by
a smoky band, as l)ruad as, or sometimes l)roader tiian, any of the others; it is
curved regularly outward, witli the edges quite regular. Just beyond, and
situated just before the middle of the wing, is a narrow l)and, curved and
sinuous, widening on the costa, and linear and wavy on the inner edge. On
the outer fourth of the wing is a broad, slightly sinuous, smoky band, dentate
on the outer edge except on the costa and inner edge ; a broad, marginal,
smoky band, witli a row of intervenular. l)lack, linear dots next to the fringe,
which is dull-ash or smoke-colored, with a darker line, and checkered along
the inner edge. Hind wings pale-ash, with two outer curved dusky liands,
while, the margin »f the wing is dusky; a dark, oljlicpu', apical streak, some-
times wanting. Beneath, the costa of the fore wings has five large, yellow-
ish-white, square spots, alternating with dark oiu's, from which proceed
obscure diffuse lines, corresponding to the sniTjky Ijands above. The margin
of the wing is finely peppered with light scales. Hind wings pale-ash, with
the lines faintly reproduced. Fore legs dusky, ringed with whitish; hind pair
paler, like the abdomen.

Length of body, i , 0.46. ? , 0.42; of ibre wings, <? , 0.62, 9 , 0.46; expanse
of wings, 1.10 inches.

California (Behrens, Edwards, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc, Riley and Morri-
son); Sanzalito, Cal., January 2-ol, February 6-21 (J. Behrens).

This pretty form ditfers entirely from all the other species in the outer
edge of the fore wings l)eing broadly margined with smoke-color; in the second
band from the i)asc being very broad and smoke-colored ; in the general dis-
tinct olive-green shade on the fore wings; and by the light large checks on
the costa beneath. The markings are entirely different from those of//, (ri-
fasciata and adiforniata ; and, in this respect, it approaches H. b-fasciata.
The green portion is often of a dull brick-red. One such specimen, on l)eing
i;5 V H

placed iioxt In a similar exaiuplc received fniin Iceland llirough Dr. Staudin-
irer. labeled YpsijH-tcs sordidata Fal)r. rai:, is not dis1in!,niishal)le by any char-
acters that I can see. Other Californian siie(nniens with shorter lore wings
do not differ nincli from the normal Iceland specimens, except in the genera]
color; the green shade being replaced in the Iceland examples by daik
reddish smoky-brown : the hind wings in the latter being darker than any
American individual.

We shall look naturally for its occurrence in boreal Northeastern Amer-
ica. Staudinger gives the tbllowing localities in Europe in his Catalogue :
Central and Southern Europe; Iceland; Piedmont; Italy; the Ural Mountains;
and Amur.

In England, Scotland, aud Ireland, Stainton and Newman report it as
being common and very variable, appearing in July.

The interesting variety originally described as a distinct species under
the name Hi/jjsijjcfes nuhUofasclata (pi. 8, fig. 31) not uncommonly occurs.
The fore wings are yellowish-white, and crossed by nine l)auds ; the linear
basal line is directed obli.quely outward from the co.sta, and sometimes
irregularly edged on each side with reddish scales, and is waved and angulated
in the median space. This is succeeded by a broad smoky band, widest in
the middle; just beyond which is a curved smoky-black band, widening
toward the costa and v\avy toward the inner edge of the wing, and bordered
on both sides with reddish scales. Parallel, and just beyond, is the extra-
discal line, but a little narrower and less distinct (sometimes obsolete), and
bordered on each side with reddish scales, which do not reach the costa.
The median band is usually whitish, and varies much in width. Just beyond
this is a broad, sinuate, smoky band, irregular on the edges. The outer edge
of the wing is also smoky, forming a broad, marginal, snujky band ; a black-
ish, ol)lique, apical streak. Beneath, the bands are very faintly reproduced
on l)oth wings; l)ut their terminations on th.e costa of the fore wings fn-m
five large, square, dusky spots, alternating with light ones.

Specimens of H. californmta vary in much the same way as this; but it
may be distinguished by the outer edge of the fore wings being smoky.

A rare and singular form (])1. S, fig. 34), which I am, now that I have
had more material i'or study, inclin(>(l to regard as a variety of the present
species, was oi-iginally described by me as Hypsipcles albifasciata.

This sinyular varicfy is more nearly allied (o var. nnhilofaxciata than

99

any other from California; but tlir fore wiiiirs arc ratlicr lonL'fr, ilu- outer
edge being more obli(|(i('. 'V\\e bind willies arc also ratlicr longer than
in var. nubilqfascidta. Head and tliorax pale-gray, with yellowish scales;.
Fore wings blackish, with dark olive-green as a ground-color. Base o(
wing black; beyond is a dark olive-green space, with a few l)lack scales;
then a black band: liirthcr toward the middle of the wing is a i)lackish
Y-shaped band, the Ibrk bcginniiiij; just below the sui)costal vein. .lusl l)eyond
the middle of the wing is a broad, irregular, conspicuous, snow-wl.ite band,
over twice as wide on the costa as on the inner edge of the wing; the i)and
on the inner side is rudely sinuate, while the outer edge is nearly straight
from the costa to the median vein, wdien it suddenly widens out into a cone,
aiul below is irregularly scallope<l. A su.bmarginal smoky band. Hind wings
smokv-gray as usual, immaculat(\ Beneatii. l()re wings dusky, l)lackish on the
costa; the white band faintly re-appears as a little paler shade than the rest
ot the wing; beyond is a triangidar, costal, pale spot. Hind winirs with a
discal <l()t and two curious dusky lines.

Length of body, 0.40; of fore wing, O.ti.H inch

Calit"ornia (Edwards and Behrings).

In one example from iSanzalito, the bands alternating with the smoky
bands are yellowish-green instead of reddish ; in another, the middle band,
usually whitish or greenish, is bright brick-red.

It is a more common species in California than H. callforniatd, though
both apparently are very al)uiidant.

Larva. — " The eggs are laid in July on several species of" sallow, Salix
coprcea and S. cinerea being preferred. The young cat(>rpillars emerge in
twelve days, and feed on the . callow-leaves until half-grown, when they hyber-
nate. In the spring, they begin to feed again as soon as the leaf-buds of the
sallow e.xpand. They then grow very rapidly, and are freepiently full-fed by
the first of June. The lull-fed caterpillar has a singular habit of secreting
itself in the seed-down of the sallow during the day, and of spinning this
too-ether in masses. It seems to feed principally during the niijht. When
full-fed, it is an obese and lethargic caterpillar, which doubles itself u]) and
falls from its food-plant if shaken or annoyed. The head is narrower than
the body, scarcely notched on the crown ; it is porrected in crawling. The
body is rather depressed, and slightly attenuated anteriorly. The color of
the head is clear-brown, rather glabrous; the cheeks are reticulated with

100

lilack; the lip is entirely i)ljick; the dorsal' siirfaee of the seeoiid segment
hrowii and 8hiiiiii!>:, that of the following' segiiieiifs pale-lirown or smoky- !)li!ck,
of very varied tint in ditierent individnals, but in each individual the tint of
the dorsal area is pretty uniform as far as the spiracles; it is, however, inter-
sected throughout by two distinct pairs of white stripes, the inner stripe of each
pair being the broader and more distinct; both fire irregular and interrupted,
and just below the spiracles is a third white stripe, still more obscure and inter-
rupted. This third stripe serves as a boundary between the dorsal and ventral
area. The ventral area, anal flap, and claspers are testaceous-brown; the legs
testaceous-brown, spotted with black. These caterpillars construct themselves
cells in the down of the sallow-seed, and therein change to bright-brown and
very glabrous chrysalids in the Ijeginning of June. The caudal extremity of
the chrysalis terminates in two setiforra processes, which are approximate at
the base, but divergent at the tip." — Newman's British Moths, 153.

Hydriomena quinquk-fasciata Packard. Plate 8, tig. 36.

Hi/psipeles b-fasciuta Pack., rruc. Bost. Soc. N. H., xiii, 3il7, 1871.
Hijpsipctvs viridatn Pack., Proc. Bost. Soc. N. II., xvi, 21, 1874.

6 c? and .'5 9. — 0( the ash-gray color usual in the genus, though rather
darker than usual. Body and wings ctdored alike; two dusky spots on the
prothorax, and two on each patagium. The fore wings are cro.ssed by five
dark-brown bands ; the basal one goes obliquely outward from the costii to
the inner edge, being angulated on the median vein. Beyond is a liand twice
as broad, dislocated in the median space; beyond, and close (o the preceding,
is a band half as wide, and crossing the wing just before the middle. Just
beyond it is a faint linear discal mark, more distinct in the female than the
male; the middle of the wing is clear. In the outer third of the wing is a
narrow band, more or less scalloped like the others, and obtusely angulated
outward; a distinct, broad, submarginal band, deeply scalloped on the outer
edge, the scallops being deeply pointed; the band increases in width toward
the costa; the usual obliipie apical streak partially conceals one of the scallops,
being very well marked ; outer edge of wing ash, not smoky. The veins and
tlieir l)ranches an; black on the l)an(ls. Hind wings light-ash, crossed by
two liiiiil bands, and not sprinkled over with l)laek scales, as in the preceding
species; a very liiint discal dot.

Beneath, unil()rmly ash; tlie bands and discal spot very faintly repro-

101

(liu'fd, iiioic distiiicl on the (oslii ; tlic disciil dol (in the liitid winy; (initc
distinct

Length (if body, c? , O.')!), 9, 0.")."); of lore winL', c? , O.G-l, 9,(I.C8;
expanse ol'wiuos, l.nO Inches.

Calitornia (Edwards and Heiirens): \'ic(oria, Vancouver Island, .Inly
(Crotcii, Mns. Coiui). Zoiil.) ; San Francisco, Cal. (A. Agassiz, Mns. Conip.
Zool.).

Differs tVom 7/. ,vo/Y//r/r//r/ in the (jiiite diflerent arranyenient of the hands,
wtiich are of a peculiar smoky color, not reddish, and appearinii as ii" trans-
lucent : Ity the outer edije of the wiuir not liein<i sni(d;y ; and iiy tin' rectan-
gular apex. The wings in some specimens have a decided icddish tiuixe to
the brown. Two specimens from Vancouver Island are exactly like the
Californian; in another, the ground-color of the wings is Scotch-snn If colored.
Rubl)ed specimens show the bands very distinctly.

A peculiar, green female, received I'nun ('alitbrnia through .Mr. Jiehrens,
differed so much from the others that it was descrilx'd as distinct under the
name oi Hydrioinena viridnta. 1 appi'ud a description of this interesting
variation. It was in a perfect state of preservation, and closely allied structu-
rally and as regards size to the ordinary lln-ni, tlie palpi lieing long, and ex-
tended as far in front of the head as the latter is long; the outer edge much
as usual, Ix'ing less ol)lique than in some other species : the third subcostal
interspace is narrower than in the other specimens. Head, thorax, and
fore wings deep sea-green, mixed with dull, dark, smoky-ash, and some
yellowish-green and a few black scales. Palpi with no gretm scales, l)ut
black and pale asli, being darker below than above. Antenna' finely ringed
with white and blackish. Fore wings of a sea-green groniul-color, with
numerous fine, transverse strigte, crossed i»y live clear, smoky-ashen, sinuous
bands, finely edged with lilack ; the basal very short and narrow, close to the
base of the wing; the second lin(> is narrow, ends liiriiu>r from the base of
the wing on inner than on costal edge, and is angulaled outward conspicu-
ously on median vein. The third band is close to, and jtarallel with, the sec-
ond, and twice as wide ; it is bent outwaril on the median and submedian
veins. A fourth, faint, narrow band, close to third. The fifth, or submarginal
line, is twice as Ijroad as third, and very remote from the latter (which is
within the middle of the wing) ; it is nearly straight on the inner edge,
though curved outward just below the costa, while the outer edge is deeply

102

;ni(l Mili;iciitclv scalloped Ijelwceii the venules iiiueli as usual; the baud is
hall" as wide ou the inner edge as on the costa. Fringe on both wings with
a iiiint median line. Hind wings sniokj', with iwo transverse, parallel, dusky
lines. Beneath uuieh as usual, being smoky-ash, with two dusky bands on
both wings beyond the middle, broadest and darkest on (osta, less curved
and farther apart, and farther -from outer edge than usual. A faint discal
dot, better marked on hind wings. Abdomen and legs nearly concolorous
with hind wings.

Length of body, 0.52; of t()re wing, 0.67 inch.

Hydriomena speciosata Packard. Plate 8, fig. 37.

Bijpsipetes apecionala P;ick., Proc. Best. Soc. N. H., xvi, '22, 187 l.

2 <?. — This is by far the largest and most showy species of this genus
yet known to us. Body pale-ash, with a luteous tinge; palpi long, brown.
Fore wings pale-green, arranged in bi-oad bands, alternating with equally
broad, blackish bands, varying as usual in width. The green band in the
middle of the wing is partly or almost wholly white. Six unusually distinct
black bands; the insertion of wing l)lack; the first band beyond very narrow,
and bent outward on the median vein ; the second very broad and more
regular than those beyond, bent outward at right angles in the discal space;
the whitish line is edged on each side by blackish, interrupted lines, the spots
varying much in size. The submarginal band also dislocated, and very irregu-
lar, bordered internally with whitish ; this band is merged toward the apex
with the marginal liand, consisting of a row of triangular spots. Fringe
dark l)rown. Beneath, costa paler than rest of wing, with five large, square,
dark blown, conspicuous spots. Hind wings smoky-gray beneath, with two
l)road, submarginal, dusky Itands.

Length of liody (not including palpi), <?, 0..54 ; of fin'e wing, 9, 0.73;
expanse of wings, 1.40 inches.

Mendocino ( lity (A. Agassiz, Mus. Comp. Zocil.).

This showy species may be identified by the l)lack and green bands on
the fore w ings, the more or less whitish central l)and, and by the large, square,
costal spots on the underside. Li one specimen, the margin of the fore wing
is idmost w licdly black, with a short vein of whitish-green spots.

lOu

PETkUi'llUlLV lliibiHT. I'lat.' 1, lig. 7, la, lb.

I'cliojiliuia Uiibii., Tent., Hill {autaiiU).

VMorodjinia Iliibii., Verz., Si-i, 1818.

Amwbe Hiibii. (in paii), Vciz., ;!:i:i, 1818.

Dijmtromn IJiibn. (in part), \'eiz., 383, 1818.

Knairomii Iliibn. (in part), A'crz., WXt, 1318.

Lijgris Iliibn., Verz., :!:{'>, 1818.

Kupliia IliiDn. (in part), :!:{.">, 1818.

Lariniia Troits. (in part), Scliui. Eur., vi (ii), 7'), 1828.

CUlarla Treits. (in part), Schm. Kur., vi (ii), 140, 1828.

Uarpalyce Stcpli. (in part). Nomenel. Hr. Ins., 44, 1829; " Cat., ii, 131, 182'J."

Steganolophm Stcpli., Xoracml. Br. lu.s., 44, 1829; "Cat., ii, 135, 1829."

Ekctra Stepli. (in part), Xomcncl. Br. Ins., 44, 1829: "Cat., ii, 135, 1829."

Cidaria Diip. (in part), Lep. France, viii (v), 298, 183(1.

Uuiyatija- Stopli. (in part), 111., iii, 220, 1831.

I'ulypliasia Steph. (in part), III., iii, 227, 1831.

filcganolophia Sti^pli., 111., iii, 232, 1831.

Laniiiiojileryx Stei<h. (in part). 111., iii, 233, 1831.

Ehxtnt Steph. (in part). 111,, iii, 238, 1831.

Ciduria Boisd. (in part), Gin\. In(l.,212, 1840.

LarcnUa H.-Scli. (in part), Schm. Kur., iii. 141, 1847.

Not Cidaria Steph., Cat. Br. Lep., 188, 1850.

Ekctra Steph. (in part). Cat. Br. Lep., 189, 1850.

Harpahjcc &tv\A\. (in part). Cat. Br. Lep., 190, 1850.

Stcganolopkia Steph., Cat. Br. Lep., 1b50.

Lampropleri/x Steph. (in part). Cat. Br. Lep., 193, 1^5(1.

Polyphasia Staph., Cat. Br. Lop., 195, 1850.

Lygris Led., Verb. Bot. Zoiil. Ges. Wien., 252, 1853.

Cidaria Led. (in part), Verh. Bot. Zcol. Ges. Wien., 253, 1853.

Gueu., Phal., ii, 45li, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Br. Mils., xxv, 1370, 18ti2.

The liLM(l i.s lallicr nariuw, and lutfc very Cull between the eyes, with
a slight iiiterpalpal tiil't; palpi large and long, sometimes projecting beyond
the head a distance equal to the length of tlie head ; second joint extending
nearly its whole length beyond the front, broad at the end, the .scales
spreading somewhat ; third joint long and slender, aeiite, not so loni,^ as tiie
second joint is wide. Male antciin;e tlattened. ciliated, never pectinated.
Fore wings usually distinctly falcate, the costa full, considerably arciied
toward the acute apex, which is a good deal produced, while the outer edire
is unusually full and rounded and nearly us long as the inner edge. Hind
wings of the usuill shape, scarcely extending Ijcyond the end of the abdomen;
the apex produced, obtuse ; the outer edge full and roimdcd. The venation
is more rudimentary than in any other genus of the family; the discal venules
either entirely wanting (P. truncata, tig. 7) or iiicomplett; (P. dwemlineata,
fig. 7a), not reaching far from their respective origins ; there is sometimes
one subcostal cell (jP. Hai'icata, fig. 76), but more usually two, the inner

L^

1U4

being sometimes very small (P. trumata^ fig. 7), or the two are nearly equal
(P. diversilineata, fig. 7a); the subcostal venules are long, snbparallel with
the costa, and are arranged much as in Glaucopteryx, the second subcostal
arising midway between the first and tiiird ; when present, the anterior discal
venule is much curved outward, and the posterior venule is bent at a high
angle. Hind legs with the tarsi as long as the tibiae. Abdomen very long
and slender, ending in a conical tuft, with dorsal' ami lateral projections.
Coloration : either gray, with numerous zigzag bands, and an apical, light,
zigzag streak, shaded with dark beneath, or some shade of black or yellow
oclireous, with fine dark lines enclosing squares and triangles. On the hind
wiiigs are usually two rudimentary lines.

The species of this large genus have a style of coloration and facies
that enable them to be distinguished from Glaucojjteryx on the one hand
and Ochyria on the other. From the former genus, it ditfers in the more
decidedly falcate fore wings, the narrower head, stouter, longer palpi, and
smaller, shorter hind wings. From Ochyria, it diifers in the antennae always
being ciliated, the cilia being short, in the much longer palpi, and in the
much more falcate fore wings, while the species are usually much larger.
The natural divisions of the species of the United States are indicated in
the synopsis of the species.

Larva. — "Elongated, smooth, slender, stifl" (raide), pedunculiform, not
attenuated anteriorly; with the liead larger than the neck [prothoracic
segment], flattened in front, and often bifid at the summit; living on trees
or shrubs."

Pupa. — "Of various colors, spotted or punctuated.'' — (Guen^e.)

The characters of tiie larva of our P. diversilineata agree with those
quoted above from M. Guentie's work.

SYNOPSIS OF THE .SPECIES.

Atlantic and Circmnhoreal.

A. Species small, with an oblique apical streak, and no cloud
beneath :

Fore wiugs with two rnsset-lirowu bands P. irunoata.

Fore wings with two yellowish bauds P. hersiliata.

u

105

B. Species lar!i:er. wilh a lriiin<rular dark patch iiikI.t (li,. oblique

apical streak:

Palc-ash foro Willis, wilh two whitish baiul.s; iiii.l.lle buml Hcarccly prnjcct-

iiiS; tip of male abdomen imicronato />. runigerala.

Browuish-ash, with dlstiiict tan-brown bauds ; siibajiical patch hir},'^ and
distinct; scallops of outer edgo of discal line anjiular and larj;«,
especially those of the three-tool lied jirojeetion /'. prutiata.

C. Apex very scpiare ; Core wings with the outer eilge oi' middle

line rnnuing straight out from costa, with no scallops, and
forming a more or less falcate angle:

a. Bluclc-hroioi, ivilli fhvi-ichilr lines; funning blade sqiiarc.i and triangles; ihnmx

Ktriped with white:

Size small; angle much rounded; no eosto-apical triangle /». alholincata.

Large ; angle acute, wilh costo-apical triangle and oblong patches within.. /'. atrmolorata.

b. Large: bright inhrenu^-iiellnw :

A subapieal deeii-oehreous patch, angle rounded; middle baud broad, uuiii-

terrupled, edged with white /'. tentata.

Larger than testuta; apex more pointed; a subapieal dark patch; middle

band broad, dark on the sides; a broad dark basal baud P. pupulata.

Outer angle of middle band very acutely falcate, nearly reaching outer edgo
of wing ; lines brown, linear, formiug an oblong area in inner third of
the wing, and a triangular area on middle of inner edge of wing P. diversilineala.

Pacific.

DimiuHtivo; inner edgeof middle band acutely bent toward niiddleof wing. P. koninata.
Larger; inner side of middle band straight; both wings bright-ochreous

l>«"<'"fli P. mancipaia.

AVings not angulated, yellow, with a broad marginal shade, and a subtrian-

gular si)ot on the hind wings /'. flarieata.

Petropuora truncata Packai-d. Plate 8, figs. 38, 39, 40.

" Geometra truncata llufii., Berl. M., iv, 602, 625, 1769."

" Geometra ceutiimnotata Schultz, Naturf., vi, 9.3, iv, 4, 1775."

" Geometra russata Den. ot Schiif., Verz., 11:5, 1776."

"Borkh., Eur. Sdnn., v, 4(1."., 1794."
"Hiibn., liur. Schni., :i0.j, 1796."
Dijsstroma russata Hiilm., Verz., 3:i;{, 1818.
Cidaria russata Troits., Schui. Eur., vi (ii), 189, 1828.

Uup., Lep. France, viii (v), :?24, pi. 193, fig. 4, 1830.
Pnhjpkasia centumnotata Steph., HI., iii, 230, 1831.
Cidaria rusaaria Boisd., Gen. Ind., 214, 1840.
Larentia russaria H.-Sch., Schm. Eur., iii, 172, fig. 189, 1847.
Poh/phasia russata St(!ph., Cat. Br. Lep., 196, 1850.
Cidaria russata Guen., Phal., ii, 464, 18.57.

Walk., List Lep. Br. Mns., xxv, 1380, 1862.
Cidaria brunueuta Pack., Proc. Bost. See. N. H., xi, 17, 1867.

, 10 <? and G 9. — Palpi long; fore wings much produced toward the acute
apex; the costa being rather more curved than usual toward the apex. Abdo-
Uph

10(3

men slender, acutely conical at tip. Body brown-ash (sometimes quite pale).
Fore wings pale-ash ; base of wing dark, especially toward the basal line,
whicii is curved outward in its general course; it is very zigzag, with a sharp
tooth projecting outward just behind the costal edge, a much larger, shar]),
jagged tooth in the discal space ; just below the median vein is a smaller,
blunter tootii ; the line sends an angle inward on the internal vein, being
directed outwaid, where it ends on the inner edge; beyond is a broad, distinct,
russet-brown l)an(l, vai'ying in width and curved outward in its general course
(the brown shade is olten wanting, and the Ixuid is concolorous with the rest
of the wing); the outer edge of the band is very zigzag, there being an acute
tof)th al)ove and just below tlie subcostal vein, and another large tooth in the
suljUicdian space ; it is bent outward on the inner edge ; tlie outer edge of
this brown band forms the inner edgt; of tlie broad median band, which is
paler in the middle, concolorous with the rest of the wing, and with two
central lines, converging as usual below the median vein, and forming three
ringlets; on the sides, the band is blackish, especially so on the front half ol"
the outer edge, wiiere it forms a broad, oblong, black patch. Discal dot
usually distinct; the outer edge of the l^and sends a broad jagged projection
along the tirst median venule, the distance from the point to the edge of the
wing being a little greater than tlie thickness of the thorax; from the costa
to this point, the line is directed more or less, usually very, oblicjuely out-
ward ; just below tiie subcostal vein is a sharp sinus, followed i)y an acute
angle on the independent venule; in the discal and first median spaces, each,
is a large tooth, the lower one narrower, and both much smaller, and forming
a more pointed projection tiian in P. pninata ; below this projection, the
line retreats either very obliquely, witjjout niucli of a curve inward, or witli a
decided curve ; the line is usually scalloped; a long scallop in the second
median space, l)ut not projecting beyond the base of the scallop in front of
it ; tile line is edged externally with white. Beyond the median band is a
broad, distinct, russet-brown band, when oI)Solete leaving a large, subapical,
brown patch (sometimes tlie Ijrown band is entirely wanting); a submar-
ginal, zigzag, white line, the angh's smaller, less distinct, than in P. prunata;
the whit(! points are succeeded by a inarginal row of black triangular points;
a distinct, oblicpie, black, apiral line, with no dark cloud lielow as m prunatti
vars. luguhnita, dcsliiuila. iiiid /'. iititcroruda (in this and some other re§peets
the. species approaches Hi/drio/iwna); the marginal l)lack line is divided into

KIT

two (lots ill cacli iiilerspact'. Fiiinrc asli-colorcd, soMH-rnncs clicckcicil, .uid
often witli a dark line within the middle. Hind wings clear smoUy ])ale-asli,
with a sintrle, ()l)s()Iele, inueli-curved line, iisnall\- represented hy an obsenre
row ol' venular (h)ls; sometimes a diHuse, faint, snj)maru;inal line. Beneath,
finely dnstcd with brown; the diseal dots dislinet; two paralhd extradiscal
lines, the inner often absent, the outer is the reproduction of the outer line
al)ove, and bent and scalloped as above; ;i dark apical cloud; the mari,'inal
line and checkers in the fringe more distinct than above, (hi the hind
wings, three mnch-curved lines, the two inner scallo])ed anteriorly. Leg.s
dark, ringed narrowly with white. Abdomen with twin black spots on each
segment, edged behind with white.

Length of body, c?, 0.42-O.nO, ?, 0.45-0.48; of Ibrc wing, c?, 0.55-0.64,
9, 0.63-0.70; e.xpanse of wings, 1.05-1.25 inches.

Caribou Island, Straits of Belle Isle, I.abra(h)r, August (Packard);
White Mouidains, New Hampshire, Septeml)er '19, Tuckerman's liaviue
(Shurtleff, Mns. Bost. Boc. Nat. Hist.); White 3Iountains, August '20-30
(Scudder); New Hampshire (Dodge); Deering, N. H., August 18 (Cas.sino);
New Hampshire (Harris Coll.); Mount Ascutney, Vermont, August (Sanborn,
Mus. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.) ; base of Mount Katahdin, Maine, August 15 :
Brunswick, Me. (Packard); Salem, Mass.,- August 31, Septend)er 23 (Cassino);
Andierst, Mass., Septemb(>r 20, (L. W. Goodell); New York (Mead and
Smith); Trenton Falls, N. Y. (Osten-Sacken, Mus. Comp. ZooL); Penn-
sylvania (H. Sachs) ; Missouri (Riley) ; California (Edwards) ; Sanzalito,
Cal. (Behrings); Victoria, Vancouver Island, July (Crotch, Mus. Comp.
Zoo!.).

This is an exceedingly variable species in this country as well as in
Europe; but it may usually be recognized by the acute lore wings, with the
inner and outer russet-brown bands, the acute jagged projections of the outer
line extending out further than usual; by the oblicpie, black, apical streak,
and the want of any cloud beneath the line. It is nearest allied to P. hcmliuta,
from which it dilfers in the more acute fore wings, the russet-brown ijands,
and the large projection of the outer liu<\ In some specimens, howi-ver, the
direction of the outer line is much as in liersiliala. A common variation is
in the ab.sence of tlie brown baiuls, and in the size and extent of the large
projection of the outer line and the depth of the scallops. Sometimes the
line between the projection and the costa is quite direct in its course, and the

108

scallops or poiiiis small; al others, tho scallops form deep re-entering angles,
and acute, needle-like points. The extremes of variation are shown in a single
Labrador and a single Californian specimen. In the latter, the middle band
is niucii less angulated than usual, much as in her.nliaf a, heiug broad and with
shallower scallops, and, as in that species, the apex of the wing is sqiiarer
than usual; the Ixxlj is of the usual size, but the fore wings are shorter, nieas-
iirinir U.5.'j inch in length. It has the brown bands; and I should not call it
a true variety.

The Labrador form, from Cariljou Island, is nuich like a specimen from
Iceland, labeled Cidarla tnaicuta by Staudiuger, Init is much smaller. I
had described it as distinct, but am now, after a careful study of the species,
inchned to regard it as a variety, and describe it as follows :

Var. bniUHcafa Packard. — (Plate 8, tig. 39.) — Male antennae filiform,
long and slender, minutely ciliated beneath; basal joint white. Palpi short
and small, rather hairy, a little up-curved, scarcely passing beyond the front,
which is cinereous, with dark scales. Thorax cinereous, with dark scales;
abdomen paler cinereous. AVings (juite uniforndy dark-ashen ; a subbasal,
irregular, brown bund, whitish on the costa, and edged with whitish below;
a Ijroad, mesial, dark cinereous band, three times as Inroad on the costa as
on the inner edge, with each side irregularly dentate ; on the imier side a
large tooth near the inner edge of the wing; on the outer edge, a large tooth
situated on the first median nervure. Beyond is a l)road, brown baud, sinn-
lar to the inner one, narrowed in the middle by the large tooth of the mesial
band, margined with a paler line of acute spots, and becoming black on the
costa ; a minute, oblique, pale, apical streak ; black spots on the margin as
usual; fringe dusky; no discal dot; on the pale hind wings a discal spot, with
two outer, submarginal, curved lines. Beneath, paler, subluteous on the outer
third of the lore wings, like the entire surface of the secondaries, which have
a submedian dusky patch, most distinct on the costa ; fringe pale, inter-
rupted with dusky. Legs dark, liandcd conspicuously with white.

Length of Ixxly, 0.35 ; of fore wing, 0.4,5 ; expanse of wings, 1.00 inch.

Caribou Island, mouth of Esquimaux River, Labrador, August 3 (Packard).

It may Ije known by its inner and outer Ijroad, brown bands, margined
exteriudly with whitish, the inner baud becoming whitish, the outer blackish,
on tlie costa. Other specimens from the same locality are fully as large and
exactly like White Mountain specimens.

101)

Two Iceland spcciiiicMS diUcr (Voiii ;my Aiiiciicaii, oiif in luivinij (lie
iiu'diaii l»and ol a |i(.<-uliar iinilonn daik-lnow ii, witli the ni.^^set-brow n liaiid
beyond; they arc li()\vov<>r, nuu'h like llie var. hia/i/icu/u {'rum Laiirador,
tliough larger. Anollier Iceland example (e.xjianso ot" wings 1.10 inches) is
almost exactly like the Labrador ones (expanse ol' wings 1.3U inches), liiongh
rather smaller.

The s|)ecies is most common in the White ^Vlonntains, thoujh (|iii(e
common abont lirnnswick, ]\Ie., on IIk; sea-coast. The si)ecimen from
Missouri does not dillcr from tlu; eastern examples.

A single specimen from Calil()rnia (Edwards) does not differ from New
England specimens, t'xcepl in some very slight characters, which 1 am dis-
])ose(l to regard as simply individual. Three large examples, the largest
expanding 1.30 inches, were collected by Mr. Crotch in Victoria, Vancouver
Island; they do not differ materially Irom ihi; Calilbrnian individual. These
are much more nearly allied lo the Northeastern An)crican forms than to
some individuals t'rom Iceland.

An interesting variety is represented on plate 8, fig. 40. It is paler
than usual, with the basal third ol" the wing cream-white, interrupted by the
basal dark band ; the mesial band is rather pale, bordered with pale-brown
beyond, much as usual. The hind wings are unusually pale. Staudinger
gives the following geographical distribution of this species in the Eastern
Hemisphere: Central and Northern Europe; Central and Northern Italy ;
Atlas Mountains ; and Eastern Siberia.

Having received a s[)ecinien of/', hiimanafa fnnu Professor Zeller, lean
scarcely see on what grounds it "should l)e regarded as distinct specifically
from P. tiuncata, thouirh it may be a well-marked variety. It is possible
that it is a seasonal dimorph, as it {iiiinianafa) hybernatesin the egg state, and
the ordinary tiuncata in the larva stale, according to Newman. I have a speci-
men from Deering, N. H., which closely approaches it. Newnuiu remarks
that, ill England, '• C. rusmta appears in May, and again in August ; the May
moths being the parents of the August moths. C. immanata appears in July ;
thus the single brood of C. Immanala is intermediate between the two broods
of C. russatay

This species is uniformly doulile-broodi'd in England. — (Newman.)

Larva. — " The eggs which produce the spring brood are laid about the
middle of August ; those; which produce the autumnal brood are laid about

110

llie niiddlc. of May; tlif caterpillars from lliis second brood liybenialc, or
rather live through the winter, feedititr at intervals when the weather is mild;
the egg is flatfish, or depressed on the crown, and of a dingy -yellow color,
'resembling that of a pale-tinted chip-box'; it is laid on the leaves of wild
strawberry {Fragaria iwsca), and also, according to Gnenee, on birch and
white-thorn, and, according to Mr. Hellins, 'on sallow.' The young cater-
pillars emerge about fourteen days after the egg is deposited, and are at first
of a dirty-white, but soon acquire a green tinge, which contiinies to increase
as they advance toward maturity. When full-fed, this caterpillar usually
rests in a straight position, liiit, when ainioyed ordisturbed, tucks in its head,
bringing it in close contact with the legs, tiins causing the anterior half to
assume the volute I'orm. The head is about the same width as the second
segment, not notched on the crown, and sligiitly hairy. The body is almost
uniformly cylindrical, but somewhat restricted immediately behind the foui-th
segment, which is produced ventrally into a lumj), on the summit of which
ai'C seated the third pair of legs. The thirteenth segment below the anal flaj)
is produced into two j)arallel, 'acutely-pointed,' processes, directed back-
ward. The color of the head is pale opaque-green, with conspicuous Ijlack
ocelli. The body is pale yellow-green, with a medio-dorsal stripe, narrow
and indistinct, of a darker, duller green ; there is also on each side a paler
stripe, equally indistinct; and in many specimens, below this subdorsal stripe,
is a lateral, but often interrupted, ro.sy-red or purple stripe This red stripe is
accurately described by Guenee, and Mr. Doubleday assures me it is of com-
mon occurrence. The transverse skin-fold at each segmental division is yellow-
ish, and over the entire surface of the body are scattered minute, white warts,
each of which emits a slender hair, and is surrounded by an area slightly
darker than the prevailing ground-color. The anal points are generally tipped
with rose-color, and the legs and claspers are tipped with purple. When
full-fed, it spins a leaf together with a few slight threads, in the manner of a
spider's net, and in this Himsy retreat turns to a delicately-green, semi-trans-
parent chrysalis.

"The moths appear in May and August, and are common in England,

Scotland, and Ireland C. russata certainly hibernates in the

caterpillar state ; but C. iinmanata passes the winter in the egg state

The caterpillar of C. russata is dull-ochreous at first, hut afterward brightish-
green, and often ornamented wifli red on the sides. The caterpillar of C.

Ill

immamita is l)riglil-_\ cllow al llrst, Inif itl'lcruarcl (liill-aTccii, and never (n-ua-
niented uitli red on (he sidrs. Mr. Ilellins also says I hat the anal poinls art;
acute in C. russata, ohtuse in C. iiiiiiuiii(t/ti. The eijgs are laid in Aiiirnsl on
the leaves ol' FniLsariii rfsat, on which the laiva I'eeds." — Xewnnin's lirilisli
Moths, ISd.

Pktrophoka hersiliata Tackard. Plate 8, Hgs. 41, 42.

Ciditria hirnilidtci (iii.'ii.. I'lial., il, 4(U. pi. -M, tv^. s, r<)T.

Laniitia Jtiimmifmi Walk.!!!, List. I-rp. H.'t. 13r. Mils., xxiv, 1184, \fiC<->.

5 S and 4 9. — Closely allied in the liirni ol'the head and hody and shape
of the wings to /'. tnmaifa, (hough the Cure wings are less acute, and the outer
edije a litthj less oblicjue ; (he hind wings are iiiiich the same. Fore wings
blackish-gray at base, with two dark, ])arallel. toothed lines, (he outer forming
th(! out(M- edge of (he space; i( has a prominent (oo(h just below the sui)Costal,
and again just Ixdow the median vein (somotiiiies (his tooth is wanting, and
the cdije go(>s oi)li(inely from the tooth just ixdow the costa to the imnu- edge
of the wing); beyond is a l)road. briirht, rusty-yellow iiand, varying much
in width, being smnetimes wider than (he median l)lackisli band, and some-
times only onelhird or (me-half as wide: (he middle third of (h(> wing is
occupied wi(h a conspicuous dark l)and, varying nuu-h in width and distinct-
ness; it is either dark and uiiitiirmly colored, or paler and containing two
nearly parallel, black, scalloped lines forming large ringlets behind the median
vein; the inner edi>e of the band is sinuate, curving outward from the
costa, and sendiiio- a deep sinus outward (away from tlu; l)ase of the
wing), l)ut inward toward the center of the l)aud itself (sometimes this
indentation is larire and i)road and the n>s( of the edge is broadly scal-
loped); the outer edge of the band is somewhat as in f\ triincufd ; the
edge is usually nearly straight near (he costa, bu( makes a laruc, i)road,
rounded an<rle on (he lirst median space, and then succeeds a deep, acute
sinus below the (liird median vein; a deep sinus, either linear or broad and
oblong (as tigii red by Guenee), is sent in (oward ihe distinct black discal
dot; a deep angle, sometimes acute, below (he third median vein, trom which
the edge curves outward and is twice scallopi'd : beyond the edge is a nisiy-
yellow l)and, scalloped externally, the .scallops filled in with deep rus1y and
bla(d<, with two lar<re, rather acute teeth opposite the deep <liscal sinus in Ihe
median baud (.sometimes the yellow shade is wantim: l)elow these .scallops

112

wliere the hand expuiids); llic l)aii(l is liiiiilcd cxlcrnally \>\ the .submarginal,
white, zigzag line; an oblicjiie, lilaekish, apical streak, succeeded by a row
of" siil)inargiiial linear dots; the marginal, l)lael<, interrupted Yuw distinct;
fringe gray, w ith a mesial darker line, anil eiieckered with dark gray opposite
the ends of the venules. Ilind wings whitish, with two faint outer lines,
the inner of the two consisting of dark venular dots; discaldots distinct;
beneath, the lines are faintly rejiroduced, the discal dots are quite distinct,
and the costal half of the outer yellowish band faintly a|)pears ; the dark
marginal line is distinct, and the dark checks in the fringe are darker and
more distinct than above. On the hind wings, the inner line is distinctly
scalloped. Abdcjmen with two rows of black spots.

Length of body, c?, 0.45, 9,0.43; of fore wing, <?, 0.55-0.60, ?, 0.G2 ;
expanse of wings, 1.30 inches.

Mount Washington, N. H. (Sanborn, Mus. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hi.st.; July,
Morrison); New Hampshire (Harris CoU.) ; Albany, N. Y. (Lintner, 68 and
2444); New Jersey (H, Sachs); Wisconsin (Mus. Peab. Acad.); Victoria,
Vancouver Island, July (Crotch, Mus. Comp. Zool.); Canada (Guencic);
Orilla, Canada; Trenton -Falls, N. Y. (Walker).

This species may be at once recognized by the two broad yellow bands
on the fore wings, and by the deep discal sinus. It varies greatly in the
contour of the outer edge of the basal space ; the scallops being either slightly
marked or acute and prominent. The width of the inner yellow band varies
much, being one-half as wide in some as in others. The inner edge of the
mesial band is scalloped with difierent degrees of distinctness, while the band
itself is in some specimens three times as wide as in others. The depth and
size of the discal sinus vary greatly, as also the form of the scallops and
the depth and distinctness of the broad submedian sinus. The form of the
fore wing in only one specimen approaches that indicated by Gruen(ie, being
very scpiare at the apex. The two White Mountain specimens would easily
be mistaken at first for ditferent species: in one, the inner yellow band is
half as wide as in the other, and the discal sinus is very small, while in the
other very large ; and the mesial band is twice as wide in one as in the other,
with two distinct lines running through the middle of the space. The
specimen (female) from ^'ancouver's Island differs most from tiie others in
the basal yellow band being much wider than usual, with the edges irregu-
larly and sharply scalloped: the outer yellow band is wanting, the outer third

1 i:;

of llif line; being winter 1 luiii usual, lull llic Innw n |i:ilcli('s |)r<'scii1 in llic
oilier sprcinuMis and tlien clouding tli< yellow hand are i)r(\'<ent ; the median
dai'k l>an(l is very narrnw. and wants the discal and snliniedian sinuses so
conspienons in the other specimens. In size and the cut of the wing, the
specinu'n iloes not show any varietal dillerences.

In one oi" two specimens received I'rom >My Lintuor (2444), the outer
yellow band is wanting; in the otiier ((1<S), t he two liands are rnsty-yellow,
and the middle, broad, dark l)and is snlliised below the costa with a decidcsd
brick-red, and the notch runs into and touches the discal dot, being as well
marked as in Gnenee's figure.

Though I did not see the typ<'s oi" M. Gucnee in Ids collection, his
figure and descriptions leave no doulit in my mind as to the correctness of
this determination. If was also thus determined !)y Mv. 8ani)oru. Walker's
type I saw in the IJritish Museum under the wixme Jlammiferata.

Pktkopiioka makcipata Packard. Plate 8, fig. 45.

Cidaria mancipata Gneii., Phal., ii, 4GS, ISS".

Culuria suhochreata Pacli., Proc. Host. Soc. N. II., xiii. 4U(), 1S71.

3 (? and 4 9. — Palpi long, acute. P)ody and wings dull rusty-brown,
with scattered white scales. Head, pal])i, and body concolorous. Fore wings
dull rusty-brown, a darker baud across the base; the outer edge zigzag, con-
sisting of three acute points; that in the median space the largest, very acute;
beyond is a ])aler rusty-i)rown band, which is succeeded l)y a little wider
dusky band, becoming narrower on the inner edge; a lighter median band
enclosing the oval discal dot; this band varies in being brown or white, and
is, in the female, twice as wide as in the male, and varies in w idtli in the
latter; this median dark t)r white region is scalloped externally with a large,
toothed, subacute projection in the middle of the wing, being straight on the
cosla and on the inner edge; in some si)ecimens, this outer vdixr of the
nu'dian Ijand is clearly resolved into two, and in tin; single female three,
brown, parallel, contiguous, wavy lin(>s: the outer edge of the wing is clear
rusty-brown, with a row of obscure dusky patches half-way between the
scalloped line and the outer edge of the wing: a submarginal row of longi-
tudinal, iutervenular, l)lack, linear spots; a black line at the base of the fringe,
and a dusky line along the fringe. Hind wings dusky-ochreous, brighter on
the outer third of the wing; a sliijht di.scal dot; a brown interrupted line
l.j p n

114

along file basi; of fringe, which is dusky-brown. Beneath, bright-oclireous
on both wings; a broad dusky band, angulatcd in the middle of the wing, in
the I'cniale consisting of two l)rown lines; this band disappears toward the
inner edge. On hind wings, an outer, much-curved, brown line. Brown
discal dots present on both wings.

Length of body, S,OAi); of fore wing, t?, 0.50-0.58 ; expanse of wings,
1.05 inches.

California (Edwards); Mendocino City; Sanzalito, Cal., May 6-20, June
18, July IG (Bohren.s).

This species varies much in the central part of the wing, the band
enclosing the discal dot varying from lirown to white, and the angle of the
outer edge being acute or rounded. It differs from all the other species
known to me by the bright ochreous under side of both wings, and the dusky
band bent at nearly right angles. Two specimens from Mendocino City are
larger, with the inner brown l)antls more zigzag, and a distinct line on the
upper side of the secondaries.

Petroi'iiora cunigerata Packard. Plate 8, fig. 43.

Cidaria cunigerata Walk. I, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxvi, 1726, 18(i"J.
Cidariu. diyiinvtaria Pack., Fifth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc, 53, 1873.

2 S and o 9. — Fore wings inclined to be rather square at the apex,
much as in P. hersiliata. Head and palpi as in P. truncata, the latter long;
third joint long and acute. Body and wings pale ash-gray, rather whiter than
usual. Head and palpi with white and dark scales; palpi dark on the tips.
Fore wings with four waved and scalloped lines; base of wing dark, two
basal lines parallel, the inner one situated half-way between the insertion of
the wing and the second line; it sends out a broad, truncated, prominent
tooth in the discal space, thence goes straight to the costa; on the internal
vein, it is slightly pointed inward ; the second line has a large full curve out-
ward in the discal space, with two scallops in the submedian space; a broad
whitish band, of the; same width throughout, containing two slight, broken,
diffuse, dark lines; the third line forms the inner edge of a dark, broad, sub-
cent lal l)and ; the line is curved outward in the anterior half of the wing,
going straight to the costa from tlu; median vein; it is bent inward on. the
costa; opposite the distinct discal dot, it sends outward a white, sharp, long
point; on I he median vein, it is scalloped outward, and twice inwanl in the

1 I ;")

siil)iiu'(liaii spaci^ : the llmrtli line, f'oniiini: the oiilcr cdirt' <>l tli<' Imnd, niiis
straiiilit (though a little ()lili(|ucl\ ) iVoni the costa to the iiiiddli^ ol'thc second
median space, and i'roni thence it I'ollows a irenerallv oldi(|iie course, and ends
rather near the internal ani.de of the winij ; a!)ov(' the hend in i lie line, tiie
scallops are ilatteiu'd, slightly marked: two slight, re-entering, whitish linos
cut into the hand just l)elow the costa: helow llie sec(ni(l median space, llur
line curves in much less than usual, the line not heing angulated ; the .scallops
in the first and second uicdian spaces are alike, and the two largest in the
line; the one behind the third median venule is smaller than the one
behiiul it; within the band, the two lines f()rm ringlets, as usual, helow the
median vein ; a snbmarginal, white;, zigzag, scalloped line, there being two
distinct acute triangles just helow th(! costa. and helow isolated while scal-
lops opposite the corresponding scallops, those in the second median ami
submedian spaces fijrniing distinct Innules; a dark, zigzag, hla(d<, ohlicpie line,
succeeded l)y a dark cloud; a marginal l)la(d< line, slightly interrupted i)y the;
venules; lring(> whitish, (diecked with dusky scales. Ilind wings whitish,
mon; so than usual; a little dusky on the margin, limited within by ;i iliint-
white zigzag line, w'itliin which is a dark, distinct, zigzag line, the angles heing
sharp; beneath wdiitish, sprinkled with fine brown scales; the i()ur discal
dots distinct on the fore wings; an e.xtradiscal is reproduced, and beyond is
a ro\v of dark spots, succeeded still beyond by white scallops ; a faint sub-
apical cloud. Anterior \rd\r of legs dark, ringed with white; middle and hind
pair whitish. Abdomen rather stouter than in P. truncata, the end being
square, and terminating in a mucronate point; i)ale ash, with a pair of large
black spots on each segment.

Length of body, <?, 0.52, 9, 0.4.5; of fore wings, J, 0.57-0.72, 9, 0.63;
expanse of wings, 1.15-1.53 inches.

Lake Superior (Harris Coll. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hi.sf); AYhite Mountains,
New Hampshire, August 20-30 (Scudder, Shurtleff, Mus. Best Soc. Nat. Hist.) ;
Brunswick, Me. (Packard) ; Albany, N. Y., July 25 (Lintner) ; " Nova Scotia "
(Walker).

This species differs from P. truncala in the ape.v being less produced ;
in the white intradiscal hand : in the angle of the outer edge of the median
band being much less produced ; while the band is nuudi darker, the hind
wings are also much paler, and the end of the ahdonnni squarer. From P.
prunafa, to whicli it is also cpiite closely allied, it dilfers in the whiter

<Tioiiii(l-f()l<>r iirtlic wiiiifs, and in the outer edge of the middle band l)eiiig
straiiilil from (lie costa to the median vein; while, in P. pnwafa, it is
deeply curved in. It varies in the width of the hands, especially the dark
median hand, the scallops of which are sometimes deeply cut in, and in the
suhmedian space forming an elongate, oval, black spot, separated from the rest
of the baud, whence the name disjunrtdiiii, under which it was first described.
The apical ol)lique line, and dark cloud beneath, and adjoining white zigzag
line, are much as in P. pn/)nifa. It is. in New England, much less common
than /'. trunratd, and perhaps more so than P. prunata, which seems to be
a more boreal and subalpine species. Whether it may not prove identical
with some European species is a question. It seems to be allied to the
European P. m'lafn (Linn.), which, according to Staudinger's Catalogue,
inhabits Central and Northern Europe, Piedmont, Southern and Western
Turkey, and the Ural Mountains.

This agrees well with Walker's description and a drawing of his type
received from IMr. Willis.

A Cidnria disjundaria has been described by La Harpe (Contributions
k la Faune de la Sicile, Lausanne, 1860).

Petrophora prunata Packard. Plate 8, fig. 47; vars., figs. 46 and 18.

Geometra prunata Liuii., S,v.st. Nat.., x, 5'3(i, IT.'iS.

" Hiibn., Kiir. Schm., tab. 59, tig. 304, 1796."
Ensiroma prunata Hiibn., Verz., 1535, 1818.
Cidaria prunata Treits., Sclmi. Eiir., vi,(ii), 194, 1828.
Steganolopkia prunuta Stcpb., Noinencl. Br. In.s., 44, 18'29.
Cidaria prunata Dup., Lej). France, viii (v), 317, pi. 193, tig. 1, 1830.
Steganolopkia prunata Stepb., III., iii, 232, 1831.
Cidaria ribemaria Boisil., Geu. lud., 214, 1840.
Cida7-ia prunata Boisd., Gen. Iucl.,214, 1840.
Lartntia ribciiaria H.-Sch., Sclim. Enr., iii, 1G9, 1847.
Stcganolophia prunata Stepb., Cat. Br. Lep., 192, 1850.
Cidaria prunata Gnen., Pbal., ii, 472, 18.57.

Ltjijrin dc.stinata Jloesclil., Wieu. Ent. Monats., iv, 40, pi. 10, tig. 2, 1800.
Lygris luijubrala Mocsdil., Wien. Ent. Monats., vi, pi. 1, tig. 7, 1862.
Cidaria prunata WalU., List Li-p. Br. .\Ins., xxv, 1383, 1862.
Cidaria nubiluta Pack., Prou. Bost. Soc. N. H., xiii, 400, 1871.
Cidaria triangulata Pack., Kiftli Rep. Poab. Acad. Sc, 54, 1873.
Cidaria manlanata Pack., Fifth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc, 55, 1873.

5 (? and -S 9. — Of rather large size, and of a peculiar deep russet-brown,
with a rusty tinge; a submarginal row of white lunate triangles, ocellated
with brown dots. Pal[ti large, stout, l>ushy ; tip not acute, russet-brown.
Front and thorax l)rowu. Fore wings russet, with a rusty tinge; base brownish-

117

russet; I)eyi)ii(l, ;i i)n);i(l. pale, zij^ziiii l>iiii(l. witli IiiIcdiis scales on tlie veins,
es])ecially on the costa, and on llie inleinal vein I lie haml is hroadiv indenfcd
on the inner sid(^ in the median spaee ; i)eyond, a i)r()ad, russet, dark-brown
hand ol" unusual width, hlaekish on eaeh side, its inner edge siiuiate, dentate,
its outer with three hirge, mesial, triaiiirular teeth, thence going nearly straight
to the costa, with a broad, aiiruplly acute, mesial tooth; a dark, indistinct,
discal dot; on the costa are luteous scales, as also a dilliise luteous area below
the first median vein, with dark ringlets; a sulniiarginal row ol' aentelv
triangular while spots enclosing linear. Innate, brown spots, which become
acutely triangular toward the costa: IVom the third sjiot I'rom the costa pro-
ceeds a oncfvangulated line to the apex, below w liich th(_' margin is unusuallv
dark; tringe with ochreous scales externally, and two rows oi dark, acutely
zigzag lines, i)or(lered externally with white; li-inge dark-brown; beneath,
the discal dots very distinct; costa ochreous; an outer dark line, which
becomes obsolete toward the inner edge; an apical dark patch. Hind wings
dusted thickly with brown scales; vc'inlets ochreous; I'rinye dusky, spotted
with l)rown. and a Itrown spot on the inner edge between the end of the
fringe and line.

Length ot" body, 0.44; <jt" tore wing, O.dO-O.TO; exjjanse of wings, l..':50-
1.50 inches.

Labrador (Packard) ; summit of Mount Washington, New Hamjishire,
August 6 (Sanborn, Hcndder, Morrison); Grand (Jnlf, Mount Washington,
New Hampshire, August 25 (Shurtleti') ; Mount i\l.adison, New Hampshire,
September 1 (Scudder).

Var. nuhilata Pack. — Mountains of Colorado, July liJ, September 8
(Lieutenant Carpenter) ; Denver City, Col., June 1 (T. L. Mead); Colorado
(Ridings); American Fork Canon, Ttah, al)()ut 8,()()0 feet elevation, among
firs on sides of a mountain, July 22 (Packard, Haydcni's U. S. Survey); Cali-
fornia (H. Edwards); California, Octoi)er 21 (Mead); San Francisco, Cal.
(Crotch, Mus. Comp. Zcx'il.) ; Victoria, \'ancouver Island, July (Crotch, Mas.
Comp. Zool.).

The unusual brown spe(d\S beneath on the hiiul wings, and brown s])ofs
on the inner angle of the hind wings, and the brown, ochreous, rusty wings,
besides the row of triangles of white, enclosing lunules and triangles of brown,
will readily distinguish it. It does not differ from JMiropean specimens.

118

As inihilata may by .some be regardeU us a g(jod species, I nppeiid my
origuuil (leseriptioii.

"Var. nuh'ilutu. — (Plate; 8, fig. 4G.) — ,"3 S and 3 9. — Palpi lung, acute,
dark, willi a few pule scales on the edges; front dark in tiie middle,
whitisli on the- sides. Body and wings ash ; base of fore wing dark,
limited externally by a white, scalloped line, which is straight on the
cosfa, with a scallop on the median space, another on the submedian, and
a third on llie inner edge. Another similar line, exactly parallel to this,
crosses the wing nearly midway between it and the discal spot, which is
small, l)lack, linear-ovate, the interspace filled loosely wilh scales. Beyond
this spot the wing grows more and more dusky to the outer line, which is
white and straight, widest on the costa, wrinkled slightly below and in the
middle of the wing, between the independent venule and the third median,
ibrming a large, rounded, double-toothed projection; from the third median
to the inner edge the line is straight, consisting of three scallops, the central
one being largest. A submarginal scalloped line, zigzag toward the costa,
each scallop separate*, and centered with a triangular or lunate spot. Just
l)elow the apex is a l)lack patch, resting on the black line on the edge of the
wing. Hind wings whitish, with a fevvsiiort, dark and white lines on the
inner edge; one sinuate, extending to the middle of the wing; just beyond
is a line of dusky spots, edged broadly with white externally; the outer
edge of the wing is dusky, with a black, marginal line, interrupted by white
dots. Beneath, both wings much alike, ashy, with a slight ochreous tinge,
blackish along the edge of the costa ; discal dot distinct on the fore wings.
A dusky outer line half-way between the discal dot and outer edge of the
wing, indented opposite the discal dot. A submarginal row of distinct white
spots, less distinct on the hind wings. A long pencil of lilack hairs arises
Ironi the base of the fore wings, and is partially concealed by the costa of the
iiind wings. Legs dusky, broadly ringed with white.

"Length of I)ody, 9, 0.45-0.50; of tbre wing, $, 0.64-0.75 inch
(Edwards).''

Though my Labrador specimen dillers somewhat I'rom Moeschler's
descri])tion and figure, yet I am inclined to unite; it with V. pnaiata var. iiigu-
biata. I have before me a specimen from j\Iount Marcy, New York (August),
(figured on plate 8, fig. 48), and liom Mount Washington, New Hampshire
(Sanborn), and numere^us specinuuis from Califi)rnia and Vancouver Island.

im

The extremes iuc presented by tlie I^ahnKlor and Vancouver Island (.-xamides.
The Pacific-coast I'ornis iirc larjfcr, lilackcr, tlic fore winf^s more elon<;at('d
toward tlie apex than the eastern specimens, much as observed in ^ciiiinlliisd
dispunda (Walk.), in wliich the Labrador individuuls an; stunted, while
the west-coast (Vancouver Island) specimens are larifer. They are paler,
however, than the Labrador and New Enirland individuals. Tlie Colorado
F. prunafa \av. luguhrdla scarcely ditfers from the Oalifornian ami \'ancouver
Island ones. My Lal)rador individual (well |»reserved) has already lieeu
described. The Adirondack (Mount Marcy) one is very similar, but dilfers in
being of a peculiar reddish-brow n tint, especially along the costa and veins.
The outer line between the costa and median vein is angulated outw ard, instead
of curved regularly outward, as in Ihe Labrador example. The Adirondack
is very near the Labrador one, though a little browner along the veins. In
the Colorado and Pacific specimens, the outer line near the costa is scalloped
four or five times. The middle band of the fore wings is much darker than
the rest of the wing; the inner and outer portimis being much paler than in
the eastern examples. Expanse of wings of Colorado and \'ancouver Island
specimens, L43 inches; of Labrador aiul alpine. Eastern L'nited States, L25
inches.

In the general style of markings, this siiecies closely resembles C. j>opu-
lata, as remarked by Moeschler. I do not much doubt but that both have
come from a common stock; luguhiata being perhaps originally derived
from a melanotic variety oi populata.

There are, then, four Ibrms, or varieties, o^ pn/inita. viz: the normal /;;■«-
mato(fig. 47); and the vars. destinata (very vnswx pvuKala), lugubrata (fig. 48),
and nubllata (fig. 4G).

Staudinger gives the following localities of the torm jniniatn: Central

and Northern Euroj)e, excluding (?) the polar regions; Central and Northern

Italy; Dalmatia; Ural Mountains ; Altai .\[ountaius ; Northern and Eastern

Siberia.

Petrophora leoninata Packard. Plate 8, fig. 44.

CidariaUoninalaVncV., Froc. Bost. Soc. X. H., xiii. 101. ISTl ; .wi, pi. 1, lii;. l.i, 1874.

4 (^ and 3 .? — This is a very small species, with long, acute palpi, and
male antennae ciliated as usual. The body and wings are tawny-brown, with
scattered patches of oidireous scales. Pal[)i tawny, with scattered white
scales. P^'ont ochreous, with browii scales. Fore wings with three broad,

1 20

(liiskv l)itiHls, of iiciirly equal widfli, niiguliilcd on (he iiirdiaii space, and
scalloped oil till! edges, which are Idaek ; those of the second and tliird
bordered wilh white. The-second and third, with tlie l)aiid hetweeii. form a
central, <lusky hand, occupying tlie middle third of the wing, and containing
an indistinct, brown, discal dot; the outer edge of the band is less aiigulated
than in the two j)rcceding species, and consists of three large scallops, being
straight on the costal and subcostal region. A siibrnarginal row of brown
patches, margined tsxternally with white points; toward the apex are three
longitudinal black streaks, with an obli(jU(', lilack, apical streak, intcrru])ted
by the venules. A row of marginal black dots. Fringe brown, pale at base,
and checkered w itii dusky spots. Hind wings tawny, rather dusky on inner
two-thirds, with the usual marginal row of fine, black dots. Beneath, ochre-
oiis dusky on the inner two-thirds of wings ; the outer edge of the dusky area
indented on the independent vein, and going from the second median
obliquely inward. Two minute, l)lack patches on the costa; near the apex
an apical black spot. Fringe checkered with dusky spots.

Length of body, S, 0.40; of fore wing. 9, 0.4/ ; expanse of wings, O.i'5
inch.

California (Edwards) ; Mendocino City (A. Agassiz, Mus. Comp. Zotil).

Two specimens from Mendocino City (received from Mr. Behrens) are
larger than usual, with the inner brown band more zigzag, and a distinct line
on the upper side of the hind wings.

This diminutive species seems more nearly allied in its .style of markings
to P. ijranata than any other. We have nothing like it east of the Kocky
Mountains.

Petropiioua AL150LINEATA l^ickard. Wate S, fig. 50.

i'Ularia alholineata Pack., Kiftli Kep. Peab. Acad. Sc, .'i5, iy7;i.

2 <? and 1 9 . — Front pale Inteous ; palpi pale above and at tip, blackish
on the sides; head beneath luteons. Fore wings black, with a subbasal,
broad, whitish band, angulated on the median vein, and with smaller, very
acut(dy-produced angles on the veins; on each side, in the middle, the sides
formt'd of white lines, are intervenular dark patches; a broad, mesial, black
band, narrowing toward the inner edge, lined externally with white; discal
dot very l)lack ; from the first median interspace to the costa the outer line
goes straight, with a slight sinus on the cosla ; l)elow, it consists of three

121

iiitcrvfiuilar roiiiulcd lolx-s. lliat, in tin' iiiiildlc (if the w iiur, arc lai<fcr ; Ix-yoiul,
on a hiteous or pali^-oclircons ground, is a row of acntcly-triangiilar, lda( i\
spots, tlic one Ixdow the second median vcnnle lieini; acntely elon;iate<l,
lunate; a zigzag white line goes to the eosta, marking a mai;j;inal, suhapieal,
black, Iriangular space; fringe long and blackish, iHterrii|)ted with wiiit(;.
lliiul wings pal(! cinereous, a little dusky on basal two-thirds; diseal dot
distinct; beneath, margin of wings paler, marked oil' by a cpiite distinct dark
line; near the apex on costa three narrow, bhud;, parallel, longitudinal spots. '
Leirs dnsk\' cinereous, rinif<'d with whitish.

Length of body, 0.35; of tore wing, 0.45: expanse of wing, 1.00 inch.

Quebec, Canada (F. X. Belanger) ; Brunswick, Me. (Packard); White
Mountains, August 2.') (ShurtlefT); New Hampshire (Trouvelet, Bost. Soc.
Xat Hist.); Sharon, N. Y., July 24 (Liutner).

Very distinct, and easily known by th(! black middle of the wing lined
with white, and l)y the black triangular ])atch just below the apex on the
outer margin, while the margin of the wing is luteous, interrui)ted with
acutely triangular l)lack spots, and the head, tij), and upper side of palpi arc
also luteous.

Peteophora ATROCOLORATA Packard. Plate; 8, fig. 49.

Cidaria atricoloraia Grote and KoU., Ann. Lyceum N. Y., viii, 31, pi. Ui, fij;. 14, g , April, 1HG7.

• 2 <?. — This fine species belongs near P. albolineata, l)ut is much larger,
though in the form of the bead, palpi, antennfe, and wings it i.s nearly the
same. The ground-color of the body and wings is blackish-brown. Head
yellowish-white on the vertex and at the tips of the palpi. Thorax with
three linear, whitish stripes. Al)domen ringed with white, and the anal
tuft tawny-white. Fore wings blackish-brown, with an inner line directed
obliquely outward and bent at right angles on the internal vein, where it
touches the second double line, which is parallel to the l>asal as far as the
bend in the latter, thus inclosing a larg(\ square, l)lack patch, one side of
which rests on the costa, while there is a triangular dark spot on the inner
edge of the wing; the middle of the wing is oc('upied by a large square
patch connecting with a round patch on the-inner edge, this round spot
being nearly cut oft' from the black jnitch by the points projecting from the
two opposite lines; the outer (extradi.-^cal) line forms a nearly rectangular
UI r H

122

point ill the middle of the wing, below wliieh is a rounded jioint ; the line
is shaded externally with tawiiy-yellow, beyond which is a row of dark
Innnles edged externally with white ; these lunules are most distinct behind
the large point in the middle of the wing; from the costa, half-way between
the apex and the outer line, a white line, l)roken up by the whitish-yellow
venules, connects with the long, narrow, oblique, apical line ; a yellowish,
narrow, marginal line, separated l)y a narrower, dark line from the tawny,
slightly-checkered fringe. Hind wings dull chocolate-brown, with a deeply-
sinuous, median, pale line, and a su!)marginal scalloped line; fringe as on
anterior wings; beneath, riciily tinted on lioth wings with brown and tawny
scales; discal dots very distinct; a dark extradiscal line common to both
wings, well bent in the middle; half-way between this line and the edge of
the wing a row of white, triangular spots. Fringe distinctly checkered.

Length of body, <?, O.GO ; of fore wing, c?, 0.70; expanse of wings,
J' 1.43 inches.

Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef) ; Philadelphia, Pa. (Grote and Robinson);
Easton, Pa. (Stultz).

This description has been di-awn up from the type-specimen kindly
loaned by Mr. Grote. It is veiy characteristic, and need not be confounded
with any other of the species.

Petrophora testata Packard. Plate 8, fig. 51.

" Phalwna-Gwmetra tuHlala Liuu., Fauna. Svpcica, 331, 17G1."

PhaUma Icslata Fabr., Eiit. Syst., iii (ii), -202. 1793.

" Geomcira achathiata IlUbu., Scbm. Eur., tab. .W, figs. 301, 408 ab, 1796."

L>/grw achaliiiuta Hiibii., Verz., 335, 1818.

Ciduria achalinata Treits., Scbm. Eur., vi (ii), 170, 1828.

Dup., Lep. France, viii (v), 311, pi. 193, Ug. 6, 1830.
Ehcira texhila Sfepb., 111., iii, 240, 1830.
lilectra achalinata Stepb., 111., iii, 241, 1831.
Cidaria achaliitaria Boisd., Ge.ii. et Inil., 213, 1840.
Lareiitia achathiaria H.-Scb., Scbm. Enr., iii. 172, figs. 301, 408, 1847.
Ek'dra achalinata Steph., Cat. Lep. Br. Mus., 190, 1850.
Cidaria teslala Guen., Pbal., ii, 473, 1857.
tijyrin testata Stand., Cat., 78, 1861.
Cidaria tmlata Walk., Li.st Lop. Het. Br. Mus., xxv, 1384, 1862.

2 t? and 2 ? . — Closely allied structurally and in color lo F. diversihneata;
lemon-yellow; abdomen and hind wings whitish. Head slightly paler above
than the palpi. Fore wings lemon-yellow, with two parallel, reddish-ochreous
lines near the base, each making an obtuse angle in the discal space; beyond,
an ochreous line, curved outward around from a little within the middle of the

123

coslii lotlic 1111(1(111' ol' tlic inner edge, with a small Itxjtli poinliiiij inward just
above \hc intcniiil vein ; outer line iiiiiuiiig straight riniii the outer (iiiarlf^r of
the costa ill an ol)li(iue direclioii to the lirst median vein ; ^eulloped slightly in
the two succeeding interspaces; in the sul)mediaii interspace the liiu; is
straitrht, directed a little outward ; the re<rion between these two lines a little
darker ochreous than the rest of tin; wing, with I wo lliiut, parallel, median
hair-lines passing through it; bevoiid, and especialh' toward the apex, the
wing is lemon-yellow, frosted with white; the apical, obliriue streak white,
a little waved l)elow, under the line deep-oelireous ; fringe whitish. Hind
wings whitish, with a iiiiiit outer line; in the male, tinted faintly with pale-
brown along the outer edge of the wing ; lieneath uniformly whitish, with two
brown liair-linei5 common to both wings, I he inner ol)solete away from tlu;
costa, and a little scalloped on the hind wing; discal dots dark, distinct
beneath on both wings.

Length of body, <?, O.GO, ?, 0.43; of fore wing, c?, 0.64, 9, 0.58;
expanse of wings, 1.20 inches.

Newton, JIass. (Dr. Waters) ; Brookline, Mass., August 20 (ShurtlefT, Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist.); New Jersey (H. Sachs); Easton, Pa. (Stulfz) ; Bailey's
Ranch, on South Park Road, twenty-five miles from the park, elevation 8,000
or 8,500 feet, Colorado Territory, August 29 (Mead) ; Victoria, Vancouver
Island July, (G. R. Crotch, Mus. Comp. ZooL).

This species is characterized by the frosted appearance of the wings,
the lines being edged with white ; by the third line on fore wings being
regularly curved outward, and not pointed and scalloped. The outer line is
less scalloped below the first median venule than usual, and the triangular,
deep ochreous, apical spot is very distinct. It is identical with the Euro-
pean P. testata, as I find l)y comparing our specimen with two from Europe
received from Dr. Staudinger. The hind wings are apt to Ik* darker, more
yellowish, in American examples.

Staudinger gives the following distribution: Central and Northern
Europe, excluding Halieia and (?) Hungary; Ural Mountains; Altai Mount-
ains; Amur.

Xrtm/.— "The caterpillar, when full-grown, rests in a straight posture,
and does not fidl oil" its food-plant when disturbed; th(! head is flat and por-
rectcd; the body is cylindrical, without humps. The head is putty-colored,
with darker dots and reticulations; the body, also, is putty-colored ; the back

124

lias a slender, median, '>ro\vn stripe ; the sides liave two dinir^v-wliite stripes,
tlie upper straight, t lie lower undulating : the spiracles are placed below the
second white stripe, and are intensely black; the belly has six whitish stripes,
of" which the median ones are closely approximate. l"he divisions of the seg-
ments are marked by slender rings of a pink tinge. It feeds on birch and
sallow, and is full-fed at the end of May, when it spins a few threads, and
draws together the leaves of its food-|)lant, making a very open kind of net-
work cocoon, .so open, indeed, as not in any degree to hide the enclosed
chrysiilis, wliicli will even drop (^ut through the meshes if shaken. The
chrysalis is rather long, and very pointed at the tail ; it is of pale putty-color,
with a broad, cons])icuous, median, brown stripe down the thorax and body;
the oblique posterior margins of the thorax are also of the same dark color;
the head and wing-cases are dingy-brown, lined with darker brown, by which
color the antennae, legs, wing-rays, &c., are clearly indicated ; the antennae
case slightly exceeds that of the wings in length. On the body is a median
dark stripe below, corresponding with that above, and the lateral region
between these two stripes is spotted with dark-brown." — Newman's British
Moths, 191.

Petkophora PoruLATA Packard. Plate 8, fig. 52.

rUalwna-Gcomelra popiilata Linu., Syst. Nat., x, 525, 1758.

Phnlwna populata F;ibr., Ent. Syst., iii (ii), 176, 1793.

" Gcomctra popuhitu Hiibu., Scbui. Eur., tab. 58, iig. lidO (ixiab.i), 17'.)()."

Lijgris popuhita Hiibii., Vorz., 3:i5, 1818.

Cklaria popitlata Troits., Scbiii. Eur., vi (ii), 1(J5, I8AS.

Kkctm popiilata Stepb., Noniencl. Bi'. lus., 44, iH-i'J.

Cidaria popiihita Dup., Lep. France, viii (v), 305, pi. 11)2, tig. 2, 1830.

Eleclra popiilata Stepli., 111., iii, 239, 1831.

Cidaria popiiJaria Boisd., Gen. IrKl.,213, 1840.

Larciitia popiiliiria Il.-Sc.h., Scbni. Eur., iii, 172, 1847. '

JCIirIra popiilata Stepb., Cat. Br. Lep., 189, 18.')0.

Ciihiriii popiilata Guen., I'lial., ii, 473, 1857.

Wallv., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxv, 1385, 1802.

.') J and 4 ?. — Straw-yellow; palpi with darker scales; third joint
much paler, large, and prominent. Front of the head yellow, darker toward
the front edge. Antennae yellow; in the male minutely ciliated; body
uniibrnily yellow. Fore wings with a broad, zigzag, basal stripe, and abroad,
very distinct band, ()ccui)ying a tliii-d ol' the wing, and an apical stripe. The
broad basal band is i)ointed acutely on each vein, with a much larger, very
prominent aniiic in the median space; this hand is composed of three dark

125

liiK's, wit li yellow Ix'fwccn, llic mesial liaiid Ix'inir eiiive<l with two stroiii,'
anirlcs l)clow tiie median vein, tiic^ o ter two rounded and veiv lar<,'e,
mncli more prominent tlian in /'. tcsUifa, sliaded dilluselv witliin. In the
middle of tlie l)an(l is an angular, enrved row of larii'e. yellow, round spots;
the outer odue of the l)aud is supplemented hy a dusky oehreoiis, narrow
line. The suhmarijinal row of tawny Irianiiles lined with white, jireseut in
European examples, is usually wantin<f. Tlu; rest of the wing elear, with a
dark, ohlique, apical jiatcli, shading below into a dark oehreous hue. Base
of fringe with a dark line. Ilind wings pale yellow, with a snhterminal,
irregular, dark line, becoming ob.solele toward the costa. Beneath, the discal
dots are conspicuous, and there is a straight, dark, narnjw lint; on the outer
third of" the wing, all that re-ap|)ears of the outer double band above. On
the bind wings is a iiiint, extradiscal, curved, dentate line.

Length of Ijody, O.oS ; of fore wing, 0.75; exj)anse of wings, l.,'i()-1.40
inches.

Labrador (Moeschler) ; Brunswick, Me. (Packard) ; Biooklyn, ^Mass.
(Shurtleff,) Beverly, Mass. (Burgess) ; White Mountains, New Hampshire,
August (Sanborn, Bost. Soc. Nat. Plist.) ; Tuckerman's Ravine, Mount
Washington, New Hampshire, August 25 (ShnrtlefF, Bost. 8oc. Nat.' Hist.) ;
Blount Ascutney, Vermont (Sanl)orn, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.) ; near Bcrthoud's
Pass, Colorado, 12,000 to 13,000 feet elevation, August 16 (T. L. Mead) ;
Victoria, Vancouver Lsland. July (Crotch, Mus. Comp. Zoiil.).

This pretty species is easily known by its large size, the dark-brown
double lines and bauds, the dark apical patch, and the two large teeth on the
outer side of the middle double band.

On comparing several American examples with three from Germany,
received from Professor Zeller, T do not find any specific did'erence. Onr
specimens mostly (except the Colorado individual) want the submarginal row
of" triangular, tawny spots on the fore wings, which are very distinct in the
European examples; but, in one rubbed American specimen, there is an
approach to this in a series of olxsolete spots.

The distribution in the Old World, according to Staudinger, is as f(d-
lows : Central and Northern Euro|)e; Ural and Altai 3Iountains; Amur.

Larva. — "The cater])illar has the head rather small; the second segment
also rather small; the third segment is swollen, or furnished with a dorsal
band, raised transverselv. Tn color, it is rcMuarkably variable, beiuiir of one

12(^

or two tints oC ificcii, pale brown, reddish brown, or even dark brown ; the
raised band is dotted with white on a black or reddish ground, according as
the ground-color of the caterpillar is dark or liglit. There is a niedio-dorsal
stripe of a reddish tint, and an olive-green stripe in the region of the spiracles.
It feeds on the whortleberry {Vaccinium vit/s-idaa), and in confinement it
will thrive on sallow. For these few jiarticulars we are indebted to Mr.
Hellins."— Newman's British Moths, 191.

Petrophoea diversilineata Hilbner. Plate 8, figs. 53, 54.

Pelroplwra (tiirrsiliiicala Hiiliu., Samml. Exot. Scbiu., i, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1806.
Eiiphiia diva-silincata Hiibn., Vevz., 336, 181S.
Ckhria dinrsiliiieata Guon.! ! ! , Phal., ii, 475, 1857.

W:ilL-. ! ! ! , Lep. Br. Mus., xxv, 1389, 1862.
Cidariii ijrac'di mata Giieri., Pbal., ii, 476, 1857.

30 c? and 10 9 . — Palpi long. Fore wings falcate ; outer edge almost
angular. Hind wings slightly scalloped. Body and wing.s of a uniform
ochreous-yellow; palpi dark in front of the liead, tipped with dark-brown.
Fore wings unitbrmly ochreous ; a curved, basal, rust-brown line, denticu-
lated on the veins; beyond, two parallel, nune distinct, concolorous Hues,
the inner a little wavy, directed obliquely to the inner edge; the outer makes
a right angle in the submedian space, crosses the inner line, forming a broad,
triangular enclosure on the inner edge of the wing; beyond is a broad
space, just beyond the middle of the wing, usually filled in with a purplish-
brown tint, disappearing before reaching the costal space; sometimes there
are two central lines in this space, converging a little below the median vein
and firming large ringlets ; this mesial space is bounded externally by a
(lark, rust-brown line, which ends at the same distance from the base of the
wing both on the costa and inner edge; in the first median space it forms a
large, sharp projection ; beyond is another concolorous line, which curves
inward to where it is usually (not always) interrupted by the projection
of tlie other line, and thence goes straight, though zigzag in its course, to the
inner edge of the wing; a similarly-colared, more or less zigzag, oblique,
apical line extends to the middle of the wing, opposite the projection; the
edge beyond the lines either clear-yellow or filled in with lilac-brown ; a
^mall discal dot. Hind wings clear, a little jialer 1 ban the fore wings, with
a faint discal dot, sometimes absent; in the outer third of the wing an
ungulated, faint, violet -brown line, edged externally with silver, a heavier,

(lill'iist', shorfpr, siibmargiiial, darU-lnown, ziiizag line, with a sli^flil viuli^t
tinge; the .space hetwetMi this and \\ir, wing suHuscd with violel-hnuvn,
extending only toward thi; niiddh; ol" tli(; wing, or sonirlimcs passing licyonil
toward the apex. 15('ii('ath, the wings are }'ellow ochrcous, speckled, espo
ciallv on liic hind pair, with eoar.se, violet-l)rowM specks. Fore wings clear
when eoverini; I lie hind ones, with three costal spots, the liiird in tin' middle
of liie eosta ; ix'vond, the angnlated ontrr line is reproduced; apical, oidicpie
line distinct, with a violet-hrown (dond ixdow. Hind wings with three regu-
larly-scalloped lines; the margin of tin; wing hroadly clouded with viohit-
brown. Legs yellow; joints tipped with viohitdjrown. Abdomen yellow,
tinged above with rust-brown.

Length of !)ody, <?, 0.60, ?, 0.50-0.61: of fore wing, <? , 0.58-0.84,
9, 0.65-0.70; expanse of wings, <?, 1.80-2.10, ?, l.;]5 inches.

Brnuswicds, IMe., July (Packard); Portland, Me. (E. S. Mor.se); Cam-
bridge, JMass. (Harris Coll.); Andov('r, Mass. (Sanborn, Mus. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist.); Brooldine, Mass., August 17 (ShurflelT, Mus. P.ost. Soc. Nat. Hist.);
Salem, Mass., Augu.st and early in Sci)tend)er (Packard) ; Nahant, Mass.
(Moering): Albany, N. Y., July 3 (Lintner); Oneida, N. Y. (R. V. Hawley);
New York (jMorison) ; Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef) ; West Farms, N. Y.
(Angus); New Jersey (H. Sachs); Philadelphia, Pa. (Amcr. Ent. Soc);
Easton, Pit. (Stultz); Texas, May 14 (Belfrage); Detroit, j\Iieh. (Swartz,
Mus. Comp. Zool.); "Amer. Sep." (Gucnde); "New York; Illinois; Massa-
chusetts; Orilla, Western Canada" (Walker).

This is a common and widely-difTused species, ranging from Southern
Maine to Texas, but has not yet occurred west of the Mississippi River.
It flies during July and August, entering houses and settling on the walls,
resting with its abdomen curved grotesquely over its back. It varies much
in size and considerably in its marking.s, c.s])ecially in the extent of the violet-
brown markings; the middle of the wing is, however, often clear, and, when
so, the two inner lines appear., forming large; ringlets bcdow the median vein.
The margin of both wings is sometimes clear ochreous-yellow, except on <he
internal angle of the hind wings. The distance between the lines varies
considerably; but the species 4s very distinct from any other of the genus,
and may at once be recoginzed by the dark, clear lines, the extradiscal one
forming a large, conspicuous, falcate angle in the middle of the wing; also.

128

1)V flic ol)l()iig space on tlie inner third of llie wing, succeeded by a triangular
enclosure on tlie inner edge of the wing.

The largest specimen comes from Philadelpliia. It ditfers from all the
other specimens which I have carefully examined in the triangular space
being merged in with the oblong space, the converging lines being separated
by a considerable space.

It is possible that there are two broods in Texas.

I anl inclined to regard this Philadelphian specimen, and others with the
inti-a- and extradiscal lines farther apart than usual, as Guen^e's Cidaria
gmciliiimfa (see my [)late 8, fig. 54). His description agrees well with these
specimens. There aie, however, others connecting the two forms, so that
gracilincata may denote a race or strain, but scarcely a variety.

Larva. — I have found the caterpillars varying from green to brown ;
and, while diversilineata feeds on the grape-vine and Ampelopsis, the graci-
lincata is said by Gruenee to feed on a Vaccinium, on which diversilineata may
yet occur. Mr. W. Saunders, of Loudon, Canada, has found the larva feeding
on the woodbine. According to his notes, "the body above is dark-brown,
with a slightly-reddish tint, and patches of a darker shade along the dorsal
region, being the color of the twigs of its food-plant. It remains in the pupa
state about a week.'' I have found both brown and green specimens feeding
on the leaves of the grape-vine in midsummer. The larva is long and very
slender, smooth, cylindrical, and in its general shape agrees with the diag-
nosis of the genus given by M. Guen(^e. I regret that I did not draw up a
detailed description of the larva.

Pujia. — The following description is taken from a well-preserved cast
skin in the Harris Collection : Bod}' rather stout ; wing-covers reaching to
the seventh abdominal ring, counting from the end ; the tip is acutely conical;
anal spine large, acute, much flattened from above downward ; bearing two
large, curved spines, with two much smaller, curved, basal spines ; abdomen
with scattered, acute spinules arising from minute, black tubercles; pale
ash, minutely speckled with darker fine points, with a dark dorsal line
extending from the head to the end of the anal spine. Length, 0.55 inch.

Egg. — Cylindrical, nHujli rounded and fuller at the po.sterior than at the
anterior end, which is truncated and contracted, with a swollen rin\ : white^
witli tiu- surface; irrannlated.

129
Petkopiiora flavata Packard. Plate 8, fig. 55.

Eurkiuosen Jlava-ia Tack., I'roc. Host. Sdc. N. ][., xvi, :!.'>, 1S71.

4 (? ami "J 9. — Body and w iiiirs dcrp oclircoiis-ycllow. J'alpi hrowii on
tlic .>;i(l(\>< of the .second joint. Fore winirs cicar-yi'llow ; co.sta liiw n-hrown
al base; two cosfal luown spof.s in the middle oC the \vin<r, the imier ol)li(|ne,
llie outer nearly straii.dit ; no lines in the middle area of the winir; a sn:all
(lisical clot (sometimes \vautinii); a minute dot on the oriirin of the tliiid ov
lower median venule; outer ed^fe of the winir lidow the ape.x l)r()adly mar-
gined with fawn-l)rown to, and enclosing, llm anal angh^, the hand heing as
l)roa(l as th(> thorax. Hind wings coucolorons with the fore wings; a rather
large dark dot close to the origin of tiie first subcostal venule; a triangular
marginal patch just below the apex ; otherwise no markings; beneath, from
a large, ba.sal, costal spot jjroceeds a fine curved line across the win<r, and,
with u much-curved one within, tiirms a ringlet; l)eyoud the conspicuous,
dark, discal dot, a luoail, dilluse, pale-i)r<)wu shade crosses the wiuir, sli'ditlv
scalloped externally; the shaile does not connect with the outer costal spot;
the marginal shade is dark on the oblitpie u]iper edge, but is fainter toward
the anal angle than on the upper side of the wing; a faint row of dilinsc
small spots between this shade and the middle shade. Hind wings with a
very distinct discal dot; a narrow, fine, much-curved line crosses the mid<llc
of the wing; another sinuate line midway between this and the margin; the
])art just t)elow the apex is oldong rather than triangular, as al)ove. Fringe
brown on l)oth wings, with darker spots on the ends of the venules IxMieatii ;
toward the anal angle of the secondaries the fringe becomes yellowish. The
two females and one male arc paler, without the marginal dark band, w hile
the lines below are well marked, the mah^ median shade of the primaries
l)eing represented by a very distinct sinuate line, with three riule ringlets on
the inside of the line, and the fringe- is yellowish, lu another specimen, the
lines are much more distinct.

Lengthof body, J, 0.45, 9,0.40; of fore wing, <i , 0.^,0, 9,0.00; expanse
of wings, 1.10 inches.

Sierra Nevada (Edwards).

This interesting species may be known by the non-angulated yellow
wings, with the broad marginal shade, the sidttriangular spot on the hind
wing, and the large discal dots on the hind wing on the inner third of the wiug.
17 PH

130

So nnu'li does it diiicr from (lie other species that I was led to regard it
as not lieloiiijing to the Lnrentbuv; l)ut I am indebted to M. Guenec for calling
niv allention to lh(> tiiet that it is, to use his own words in a letter to me,
" unc Clddiia voisinc i\c fi/lvata, 2>i/r(i/h(fa, etc."

Dcaiderafa.

Cidaria svspecfa/a Meiscliier, Enl. Zeitung, Stettin, xxv, IGO, 1874. — •
Aus der Verwandtsehait von Tniiiada Hlhgl. mid Jiimxanata Haw., von
welchen meine beiden iUjereinstinimenden Exemplare aber spezilisch verschie-
den sclieinen.

Kopf, Thorax and I'alpeii Ijriiiinlichgrau, lliiilerlcib gclblieliwciss, IJeiiic
cbenso, die Tarsen graubiaiin, weisslicli geringelt.

Wurzelfeld der Vorderfliigel weissgrau, schwarzlich Ijestaubt und von
zwei schwiirzlichen, gcgen den Vorderrand winklig gebrochcncn Qucrstrcifeu
begrenzt mid dnrchzogen. II inter denselben folgt ein graugelbes Querband,
welches in der Mitte dunkelgrau bestaubt ist, so dass seine Eiinder hellen
Linicn gleicheii ; miterhalb der hinteru Mittelrippe steht ein mideutlich
bc'Trcnztcr, rostrother Fleck. Das Mittelfeld wird (lurch cine sehwarzltraune
Ouerbinde irebildet ; dicselbe ist am Vordcrrande breit, fast das Dritttlieil
dessclben einnchmciid, und vcrschmiilert sich iiber die Hiilftc am Innenrande;
nach iniien zieht sic vom ^^ordcrrallde bis auf die vordere Mittelrippe gerade,
bildet auf derselbcn cine kaum mcrkliche Eckc und biegt sich dann bis zur
liintei-n Mittelrii)pc ctwas ein ; von da bis zum Innciirande bildet sie drei
Bogen, deren rnittlcrcr etwas wurzelwiirts tritt ; nach aussen bildet sie zwi-
schen Vorderrand und Rippe G zwei Bogcn, zieht sich zwischen Rippc 5 und
6 plotzlich ein und tritt auf l\ippe 4 in eincm Bogen etwas waiter nach
aussen ; sodann zieht sic sich in zwei Bogen auf Rippc 3 und 2 wieder nach
einwiirls mid tritt von da bis znm Innenrande wieder etwas auswaris. Gegen
den Vorderrand zeigt dicse Bindc weissgraue Bestiiubung und beiderseits
kurze Aiifiinge eines schwarzliraimcn Querstreifens. Die Rippen sind fein
schwarz Ijcstiiubt, der Mittelpnnkt schwarz. Saumwiirts wird die Binde von
eincm wcissgelben Fleck am Vordcrrande begrenzt; aus ihm zieht sich cine
feine, gleich gcfarbte Linie bis zum Innenrande, an welchem sie in eincm
kleinen Fleck endigt. Der Raum zwischen der Binde und der AVellenlinie
ist am ^'ol■derran(l(■ scliwiirzlicli mid (lurch dcu licUcn Fleck selir vcrschmiilert,
iibrigens rostroth. Die Wellenlinie ist weiss ; am Vordcrrande steht hinter

131

ilir ciii wcissgraiicr Schriii,'ncck ziir Fliipclspitzo ; voji iliiii l)is ziir liipi).' 4
fiirljt sicli (las SauiiiU'ld scliwarz, von da Ms /.inn I niicnu iukcl scliwiirzlicli-
brami, weissgrau gt^inisclit. Die Sanmlinic isl scliwarz. nidil in I'icckclicn
aiitgcliist. Die Franzcn siiul wcissirraii, gcgcn die W'lirzcl niit slaikcr,
braungraiKM- Tlicilnngsliiiic ; cine zwcilc solclic, ctwas licUcrc Linic ziclit
lunlcr dcr crslcn den Spifzen niilier. Bcidc Linicn sind iiiclit nntcrhroclicn,
und cs zeigeii sicli in don Franzcn klcinc dnnklc Flcckclicn anl'dcn i;i|i-
pcMi. — llintcrHiigcl sclmuilzig \vcissgcll», gcgcn den Sanni chvas dnnklcr
angcflogen ; diircli die Milte zi(dil cin iiiidcntrKdier, last in Fh-eke auCgelosler,
sclivvjirzliclier Qucisl reif, vor dein Sanin cin zwcifcr gaiiz verloscllcner Qut'r-
slrcii. 8aundinie dunkel ' hianiigrau. Fninzcn rndit scliniiitzi;,' g''">, mit
dnnkel hraiingrauer Tliciliingslinie and dcri^dcicdicn Fleckchen auf den Kip-
pen. Unterseite dcr "N'ordeiiliigel bis znm iinsscm Raiidc der Mittell)inde
h(dlgrau, am Vordcrrande weis.sgelb bes1;iul)t; die zwci Bogeii der ]\Iittelbinde
iiiiclist dem Vorderraudc von einem scliwarzcni Streif saiimwiirts begrenzt.
Von der j\[ittell)iiide l)is znni Sauni ist dcr Fliigel gell)lich. Die Welleiilinie
wild diireli ein seliwiirzliebes Qiierl)and or.setzt ; liinler denisell)en zeijit sieli
die gelbliche Grundliirbe in der Fliigelspitze als ein (h-eieckiger, nacli hiiilen
von eineui sehwiirzliehen Fleckelien bcgrenzter Fleck; von diescin bis ziiin
Iniicnwinkel ist die Grnndtarl)e weissgrau. Saumlinie feiii schwarzbraun von
den helleii Riijpen dnrclisclniitten ; Franzen wic oben. Hinteriliigel gelb-
lich, Wurzelfeld grau besliiid)l ; die beiden dunkelii Querstrcifen deiitlici),
Franzen wie oben.

Fliigelspannnng 34-:j5 mm. Vorderlliigclbreite 8 mm.

2 AYeiber ans dem siidlielien Labrador, von gleicliem Fnndort mil I'i.
frigida etc. [Lat. 55° 35' N.].

Von Truncata nnd Lnmnnata treimt diese Art die selir verscliiedene
Gcstalt der Mittelbinde.

Larcntia cerriiiijascia Walk., List T>ep. llcl. Jir. Miis., xxiv, 1 LS4, lh()2. —
9. — Cinercou.s. Head, thorax, and fore winirs minutely l)la(d\-speckled.
Palpi slender ; not extending Ijc^ond tiielicad. Wings willi miimlc, black,
marginal points, wliieli are nearly connected. Fore winsis witli a liiwn-colored
tinge at the base, and with a very broad, tiiwn-colored, wliitish-ljordered,
middle band, whicli is dilated on the outer side, and does n(jt extend to the
costa; sid:)marijinal line wiiifisli, denficnlatcd. tiavcrsiiiir a i)lack, irrei{iilar.

132

oblique, apiciil streak; a small, oblique, ferruginous sti-cak in the band; costa
and exterior border slightly convex ; the latter very oblique. Hind wings
whitish, with a brown diseal jxjint and some trac(\s of an exterior brown line.

Length of the body, 5 lines; of the wings, 14 lines.

a, Orilla, West Canada. From Mr. liush's collection.

This species is tigured on plate 10, at the end.

Larentia ziczucata Walk., List Lep. Br. Mus., xxiv, 1185, 1862.—
9. — Cinereous. Head witii a blackish mark on the vertex. Talpi mostly
blackish, extending very little Itcyonil the head. 'I'eguhv of the thorax marked
with black. Fore wings with a black basal point, and with three brownish
cinereous bands, which are boimded by denticulated black lines; diseal mark
deep-black, large, elongated, in the second band ; costa and exterior border
very slightly convex, the latter very olilique.

Length of the l)ody, 5 lines; of the wings, 14 lines.

a, Saint Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented by Dr.
Barnston.

CUlaria WHo/ofe Walk., List Lep. Br. Mus., xxv, 1388, 1862.— <?.—
Bi-own. Palpi stout, hardly pilose; third joint very niinute. Antenna3
stout, slightly moniliform, hardly pubescent. Wings rather broad; fringe
cinereous; under side cinereous, with a blackish diseal point and two curved,
exterior, blackish lines. Fore wings acute, with some transverse, whitish,
cinereous streaks, which are broadest on the costa, and arc attenuated from
thence to the disk, where they cease; submarginal line pale cinereous, undu-
lating acutely angular toward the interior angle ; an elongated black spot
extending from the tip between the submarginal line and the exterior border,
largest on the under side. Hind wings brownish cinereous, with a curved,

whitish, cinereous, submarginal line.

^

Length oCthe body, T) lines; of the wings, 14 lines.

a. Saint i\lartin's Falls, Albany Kivcr, Hudson's Bay. Presented by Dr.
Barnston.

Cidanapropulsala. Walk., List Lep. Ih-. Mus., xxv, 1380, 1862.— c? and
9. — Pale-ochraccous. Palpi prominent, fringed, as long as the breadth of ^
the head ; third joint elongate-conical. A ntenna? of the male stout, pubescent.
Fore wings acute, sublalcate, with three darker, ochraceous, angular bands.

l^

1 .>.>

wliicli liavc taw ii-colorcd or lnowii lioidrrs, and arc soiiu liiiics partly sliiulcd
\villi lawn-color; an clt)iif^at(!(l, darkci", ocliraccons patch along llic I'orc part
of liie exterior l)orilcr; exterior liordcr slliilitly convex and olili(|iic. Hind
wings whitish, with an ochraceons tinge along liu! exterior Ijorch'r.

Length ol'the hody, C-7 lines; oftlic winirs, 1G-1S lines.

a-c, Newtonndland. Presented liy W. ('. St. Jolni, (>sf|.

r/, Nova Scotia. From l.ientcnani K'cdnian's collection.

e, Orilla, ^^'estern Canada. From ^Ir. IJnsh's collection.
f-i, New York. Presented liy Iv 1 )onlde(la_\', escj.

Cidaria rigidata "Walk., Fi.st Lep. ]Iet. Br. ^Vu<.., xxvi, 1727, 18C2.—
(?. — Cinereous. Pal[ i short, porrect. Antcnn;x! smooth, rather slender.
Alidonicn luit extending behind the hind wings; aj»ieal tuft very small. Legs
smooth, slender; hind tibia' '\\ilh four long spurs. A^"ing.s elongate. Fore
wings acute, mostly tinged with l)rown, with three black lines; first liiu-, near
the l)ase, slightly zigzag; second line, interior, un<lulaling, dilluse on the
inner side, when; it is accompanied i)y a slight brown line; third line undu-
lating, dentate, with a black .streak between it and the tip ol" the wing;
submarginal line pale cinereous, zigzag; exterior bor<l(-r slighth' convex, very
oblicpu?. Hind w ings paler, with a slight, brownish, undnhiting, exterior line.

Length of the body, 5 lines; of the wings, IG lines.

«, Nova Scotia. From Lieutenant Pedman's collection.

addria rxplagkita Walk., List Lep. Het. P.r. ^Mus., xxvi, 1728, 18G2.—
9. — Jjiow uish cinereous. Palpi jiorreet, obtuse, much shorter than the
])readtii of the head; third joint extremely minute. Fore wings slightly
acute, thinly speckled with l)laek ; basal, interior, and exterior lines l)Iack ;
liasal space and the space l)efween the interior and exterior lines brownish;
a row of elongated Idack points ])eyond the exterior line; submarginal line
whitish, zigzag: discal streak blackish; exterior ])order slightly convex, very
obrnpie. Hind wings a little darker al)out the exterior border; discal mark
and exterior zigzag line bi-ownish.

Length of the boily, 4 lines; of the wings, 12 lines.

a. Nova Scotia. From Lieutenant Pedman's collection.

Laren/hi fuviidulata Walk., List l.ep. lid. I'.r. Miis., xxvi, 1701, 18G2. —
c?. — P)lackish cinereous. Head very pilose in front. I'alpi porrect, extending

134

vrry little Ix^voihI the Iiead ; tiiinl joint extremely short. Alxlomen not
extending beyond the hind wings. Legs smooth; hind tihije with four rather
long spurs. Wings moderately l)road ; marginal lunules blackish; fringe pale
cinereous, with dark marks. Fore wings acute, with several pale, cinereous,
denticulated lines; costa alnn)st straight; exterior border slightly convex,
rather obliipie.

Length of the body, 5 lines; of tiie wings, 17 lines.

a, West Greenland. Presented l)y M. Boie.

Larenlla Ivngtpennis Walk., List Lep. Br. Mus., xxxv, 1G71, 18G6. —
?. — Pale cinereous, minutely l)rown-speckled. Palpi porrect, not extending
beyond the head, Itlackish on the outer side. Antenna^ and legs slender.
Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings. Wings long. Fore wings
slightly rounded at the tips; a brown, partly Ijlack, very deejily bent, middle
line, which is partly or completely and broadly bordered with brown on the
outer side, and has a short, transverse, black streak near its inner side ; a
blackish angular line near the base ; two brown, zigzag, submarginal lines,
which include a whitish band ; several other brown lines, which are only
apparent near the costa; eight pairs of black marginal points; exterior border
convex, very oblique. Hind wings without markings, slightly brownish along
the exterior border.

Length of the body, 5 lines; of the wings, l.'j lines.

rt, h, North America. From ilr. Carter's collection.

(3CHYRLV Iliibncr. Plate 1, figs. 8, 8«, U.

Ochyria IliUjn., Verz., :V.i4, 1818.

Cidaria Tiv'ita. (in part), Sclim. Eiir., vi (ii), 140, 1828.

Stcpli. (ill part), Nomeiid. Bi-. Ins., 44, 1829.
ICiiholia Diip. (ill part), Lep. Francis, viii (v), 1C2, 1830.
CidarUi Sti'pb. (iti part), JJl., lii, 21:!, 18:U.
Kiiholia liiiiHil. (ill part), Gcii. Iiid., 201, 1840.
"Corimid Giieii., in Diipoiiclicl's Oat., 24'J, 1844."
Laroilia II. -Sell, (in p.'irt), Scbni. lOnr., iii, 141, 1847.
Con'.niii Sti'pli., Cat. iir. Li'p., l.'^fi, 1850.
Ciduyia Liilerir, Vcrli. I?ot. Ziiiil. Gj'S. Wien, 182, 1853.
Curomia Giuni., I'lial., ii, 40s, Is.'iT.

WalU., List L(^p. lift. Bi. Mas., xxv, 130;!, 1862.

Head much as in iV//-oyV/orrt ; the front being of the same width and
fullness, with or without an inter[)ali)al tult. Antenntc either with long, fine
pectinations extending nearly to the end, or tlattened and densely ciliated.

Palpi short, uol cxiendiiig far boyoiul tlic head; the second joint wide; third
short, conical, and usually nuM'sfcd in with the second joint, not free as in
Pdropliora. Fore wings slightly sublalcate, with the eosta regularly arched,
the apex acute, and the outer edge very o!)li([iii': or the wing is shorter,
scarcely sublalcate, and the apex ol)tus(\ The iiind w ings are short, liill, and
either sha[)cd as in Pdropliora or slii,dilly angled ; on the outer edge, some-
times the angle is well marked. The wings project well beyond the end oi'
the alxlomen, which is short and thick; much shorter than m Pdropliora,
with similar, but less marked, dorsal and lateral tut'ts, and with an obtuse
anal tuft. The venation differs from that of I'etrophora in the first subcostal
venule being longer, while the second and third are shorter. The discal
venules are always perfect ; the anterior one being straight or oblique, and the
posterior one oblique and usually much bent. There are usually two sub-
costal cells, either very unequal (O. fcrrugata, pi. 1, lig. 8), or large and suij-
(■(jiial, as in the closely-related species O. dexignuta (tig. 8fl) ; or, as in O. llgni-
colorata (fig. 8/*), there is l)ut one small cell, and the first costal arises some
distance from it. Hind tarsi a litth; shorter than the tibiae. Coloration:
usually with many zigzag lines on the I'ore wings, arranged sometimes in a
broad, dark, conspicuous, median band, and toothed prominently e.vternally ;
numerous fine, scalloped, more or less di.^inct, lines on the hind wings.

This genus differs from Pdrophora by the shorter palpi, the pectinated
antenna;, or, when ciliated, by the dense cilia, and l)y the short, thick male
abdomen not extending as far as the inner angle of the wing, which is some-
times distinctly angled.

There is a good deal of variation in the generic characters given above
in tlu' different species, particularly in the condition of the palpi and antenna;,
as well as in the venation ; but there is much similarity in the markings, and,
as a whole, the genus is tolerably easy to distinguish, certainly as much so as
some of the genera in other subfamilies; as, for example, the Ac idalince or
Gconietrince.

Larva. — "Caterpillar elongated, attenuate anteriorly, cylindrical, marked
with l)lack points in the incisions; head small and globular; living on low
plants. I'upa subterranean." — Guenee.

136 '

Syrinpsis of tJic Species.

A. Wings, es[)ecially liiiuler pair, Inng, produced toward the apex,

much as in I'vl rophora :

Male anteiiiiai Uoiivily (icctiuatml ; inner anil onter od^e of mesial band heavy and \

dark O. muniluria.

Male antenn;L' heavily iieelinated; n-in^.s wood-eiiloi'ed O. ligiiicolorana. X.

Male antennie slightly jieetiuated ; ciliated; winj;s light, ai;h ; iutradiscal baud

heavy O. ahrasuria. "^^

Autennic simple ; wings pale ash, with llesh-colored bands; inner edge of middle ^

band no heavier than the onter ; a subniarg-inal eoft'ee-colored band, edged
externally with white O. ijuciu'cala. ^-^

Like (jiiennila, but smaller, and ed^es of middle band less marked ; a general flesh-
colored tint O. citrnealtt.

Fore wings tinged with reddish; hind wings bright red (J. ruhruxiiffnsaia.

Smaller than the preceding; cream-white bands on fore wings, and cream-colored

hind wings 0. laclcuta.

B. Fore wings usually shorter, liiiid wings mucli sliorter, than

in section A :

Antennie simide ; wings short, pale-whitish; inner edge of roseate baud heavy

and black 0. fhsignala.

Antennie pectinated; wings short; miildle baud black and heavy or rust-brown. O./oriir/drid.

OcHYKiA MLXHAi;iA Ililhucr. Phite 8, (igs. GG, G7.

" dcomclra miinUdta Iliibn., Schm. Eur., 'Mj, 1803. V

Cidaria inittiilnta Steph., 111., iii, oir>, 1831.

C'hUuia miniiUiiia Boisil., Gen. Ind., 21-1, 1K40.

Liiniilia muiiiltitd Il.-.Sch., Sclim. Enr., I(j7, tig. oJlJ; Snppl., CO, 1S47.

Coniiiia mttiiitiUa Gui'U., I'lial., ii, -iUi), 1857.

Walk., ListLi^p. Hot. Jir. Mns., xxv, l;'.tl4, 1713, lHG-2.»
('uremia JahradurUiiiis I'ack., I'roe. Ijost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xi, 40, 18ti7.
C'iduriii nlfiata I'ack , I'roc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xi, 50, 1857.
t'orimia valiforuuila I'atk., I'roc. Dost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, 3'J8, 1871.

5 c? and .') 9. — This very varialjle s|)ecies may be known by its heavily
j)ectinated autemiit, in which respect it closely resembles O. Ugnicolorata.
The style of markings is much as in (). dv-signala; but the fore wings are much
longer and mure [)t)inled tiiaii in th;d species. Fore wings pale whitish, with
the median band ii.sually daik or reddish-brown, the inner edge of which is
heavy and blacla.sh, w hile on the outer edge art; three parallel lines, much as
in (). (les'ignatd ; tint edge is angletl in much tlie same way as in dcsignaia.
Beyond are two rows of l)l;i(d\. vtmidtir spots, a subapical Ijlack and oblique
line. There are soinelimos traces ol' four or live lines on the hind wings.

Length of body, c?, 0 40, 9, 0.40; fore wings, <?, 0.52, ?, 0.54-0.65;
expanse of wings, 1.00-1.20 inches.

" Standiuger gives the following .synonyms, which I have had no opportunity of verifying: dicolo-
rariii Esper., 50, r> (prior to muiiUala!) ; arcticaria Germ., Eu. I. E., 10; Zetterstedt, Ins. Laji., 1104 ; cultt-
nttriu Metzuer, Stett. Ent. Zeit., 238, 1840; Err., .Wl, 1.

(';inI)oii Isliuul, SduIIktu Lahnulor, July 28, August G (Packard); I'liila
(l('l|)liia, Pa. (Anicr. Eiit. Soc.) ; Colorado (Kidiiigs) ; mountains ol" Colorado,
June 24, July 19, Sopt. 8 (Carpenter, llaydfu's Survey); Calilbrnia (Edwards);
Mendocino, Cal. (Bclirens) ; Victoria, Vancouver Island (Croicli).

The Californiaii and Kocky Mountain examples arc; shaped like tlic Tc(;-
land ones, hilt with the inner edge of the mesial liand on the fore wings
heavier. The I'eniales are much larger Ihan easlern ones, e.\])anding 1.30
inches. The single Peimsylvanian individual does not diderlVom Ihevvesfern
examples. The Labrador examples usually liave heavier markings, and in
nearly all cases shorter wings than in the Iceland or Californiaii exam|)les.
A single Labrador example ag^■(>es well with an Iceland one which diders a
little from the normal lorm, the median l)an(l lieing very broad, with the
edges less heavy than usual. AVestcrn and Californiaii examples have the
fore wing 0.62 inch long.

1 append a description of the example I descrilxnl as slrigata:

Male antenuLU well pectinated, dark, eoncolorous with (he front and
the palpi, which are long and slender, especially the third joint. Fore wings
with two basal lines; a broad, black band, contracting greatly just before tin;
hind edge, where it is about one-third as broad as on the costa; a broad
mesial tooth on the outer edge, l)elow a little siuuated. This band is accom-
panied on the outer edge In' a marginal dusky l)an(l. Beyond is a row of
tine, nervular, l)lack dots; a sul)marginal, wliite, zigzag line, going ol)li(piely
to the apex. On the costa is a suliapical jjair of lilaek stripes, tin; inner of
the two being oblirpie. The hind wings are ])ale, with \vv\ faintly-iiKirked
lines; luteous beneath toward the apex ; two dark lines beneath, the outer
one consisting of dots. Discal dots distinct. Abdomen dusky, with tiie seg-
ments edged with white.

Length of liody, 0.40; of i()re wing, 0.50 inch.

Diilers in its broadly-pectinateil antemne, the broad, mesial, l)lack l)aiid
narrowing rapidly on the inner edi,^^ : also, by the distinct discal dol, ami the
quite distincl dusky line along the outer margin of the l>and, with the distinck
ol)liqiie, Idack line on Ihf! costa near the apex, and the lilack dots benealh
the spot on the nervules.

August 3, Caribou Island, Labrador.

Var. Idhradorcnsis. — S. — Allied to O. dmgnaUi, 1)ut the aiiteim:i3 are
much more finely ciliated. Palpi as usual. Pody dark cinereous, with black
18 P II

138

•

scales, and some of a slii;liily rcddlsli 1in<re. Alxlomen wltli a ]iair of oblique,
diverijiiig, black streaks on each ring. Base of tlio \viiig brown ; beyond, a
broad, cinereous band; a broad, l)ro\vn, mesial i)atcli ; the inner side reg-
ularlv curved outward, not zigzag, l)ut with the edge entire, witli a broad,
i)]ack line; in t]i(> middle of the band two dark, slightly oblique, sinuate lines;
the outer side of the band is very irregular, consisting of two large, unequal,
subacute teeth, the lower larger and doublo; below, tiie band contracts, being
bidcntate on the outer edge, which is black; beyond is a row of nervular
dots; the usual subniarginal, whitish, zigzag line, with the edge black between
the nervules ; fringe dusky. Hind wings with indistinct, dusk}', zigzag lines.
Beneath, the outer side of the mesial line is partially reproduced, especially
on the costa. Discal dot distinct, especially on the hind wings, which are
crossed by two outer, black, irregular lines.

Length of body, 0.40; of fore wing, 0.55 inch. Length of Calitbrnian
example also 0.55 inch, but the wing is narrower.

The distrilnition of this species in the Old World is thus given by Stau-
dinger: Sa.xony and mountainous parts of Silesia; Alps; Austria; Switzer-
land; Piedmont; England; Iceland; Lapland; Finland; and Livonia.

Larva. — " The Ilev. Joseph Greene has reared this moth from the egg,
which was hatched in June. The young caterpillars fed on groundsel during
the autumn; they grew very slowly; before winter they left off eating alto-
gether, but in early spring again ate the groundsel, and were full-fed before
the end of March. The caterpillar, whrn full-fed, is an inch in length; the
ground-color dull green or brown, but very variable ; the segments pink or
flesh-colored; the body is slightly sprinkled with Idack dots, with two very
distinct blotches on the sixth and seventh segments, the latter l)eing the
largest. It spins up in moss, and turns to a brown chrysalis." — Newman's
British Moths, 1G8.

OciiYKiA Li(jixi(;oLORATA Packard. I'late 8, fig. 59.

Coremia lii/iiiatlnralu Pack., Sixth Eop. Peab. Acad. Sc, 42, 1874; Pi'oc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi,i)l. 1, fig.
11, 1874.

?> S and 3 9. — Allied closely to O. mvnitar'ia in the form of the wings,
and in its style of c(doration. The wings are almost subfalcate, and the
antenna', whicli are i)ectinated to the tip, are more strongly pectinated than
in O. ininiilaiia, tiie branches beiu<r as long as the head is broad on the vertex.

1 :v.)

Palpi large ami stoid. JJody and fmc \\iii<rs of a |)(!ciiliar wood or nut-lirowii
color, resenibliug llic peculiar shade of Uihcn/ia tUiaria Karris, or of a

decided pale gray. Head a liUle paler than flic pal|)i and thorax. \\n\ <mi

of Uie same color as the thorax, with two oliscure row.s ofdark spots. Fore

wings nnt'hrown. w itli line, dark, vcnnlar dots arranged in numerous oliscurdv

nuvrUed lines. A dark, olili(pn', apical line. A liroad, deeper shade cro.s.ses

the middl<! of the wing ; the iimer edge situated on the inner one-third of

tiie wing, and (piite regularly curved outward ;• the outer edge situated on the

outer third of the wing; straight, with one large, obtusely triangular tooth in

the middle of the wing. The edge within is auide up of deeply-.scalloped,

iiiH' lines, and the middle of the band is occupied with a njw of ringlets,

which increase in size toward the costa. A very faint, tinely zigzay, submar-

giiial, pale line. A i-ow of marginal, intervenular, black dots. Hind wings

slightly paler than the anterior pair, with numerous tine dots arranged as on

the fore wings, but obsolete toward the l)ase of the win^s ; a sin-de much-

curved, darker line just beyond the middle of the wing, the line at its bend

forming an obtuse angle; beneath, scarcely paler than above, with no lines

or any markings except the venular dots like those above.

Length of body, c?, 0.43, 9, 0.42; of fore wing, <?,0.63, 9, 0.G3; expan.se
of wings, I.IG inches.

Xew York, August 24 (Mead) ; California (Edwards) ; Sanzalito, Cal.,
Feb. 9, April, May 3 (Belirens).

This differs from all the other species known to me in the well-i)ectinaled
antennae, the subfalcate wings, and its peculiar init-l)rown color, with the;
single, broad, darker band, in the middle of which is a row of ringlets.

The New York example, received from Mr. Mead, does not differ from
those from California.

OcHYEiA ABRASARIA Packard. Plate M, ligs. o7, aS.

? "abmsaria H.-Scb., Nene Sclim., 27, May, ISofl ; Sclicu. Eur., vi, l;?7, 180G."

" Cidaria abrasaria Staudiuger, Stett. liut. Zeit., 3U5, 18(51."
Corrmia ligitlaria Giien., Pbal., ii, 417, lsij7.

? "baicalata Brem., Lep. OstSiberiou.s, 8G, vii, l.'>, ISG4."

Cidaria nigrofasciata Paclj., Troc. Uost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xi, -HI, lri(;7.

3 c? and 3 9. — Front full, hairy, cinereous, with black scales. Palpi
long and slender, porrect, extending far beyond the front; second joint Inishy,
broad at the tip; third joint acutely conical, de|)ressed. Antenme dark,

140

stoutly ciliated, ■\vitii sliorf, slout pectiiialions. Thorax concoloroiis with Uk;
front. Wings pale cinereous, witli two fine, basal, black, parallel lines, bent
ontliecosta; a ])roa(l mesial band, deep black on the edges, consisting of
four bands, th(! outer ones heaviest, and shaded ditfusely within with black,
two-thirds as wide on the inner edge as on the costa ; a faint discal streak ;
th(! outer line of this broad l)an(l is very black, straight on the costa; on tlie iirst
median vein, it lias a large, acute tooth, of which the lower side is nearly con-
tinuous \\\\\\ the course of the band ; on the costa, one-half way between this
l)and and the apex, is a square, dark sjtot, margined with white externally,
which is the beginning of a white zigzag line, continued to the inner edge of
the wing; beyond, the edge of the wing is dusky, witli a marginal row of
geminate, intcrvenular, flue, l)lack dots; fringe dusky at base, paler on the
outer half. Hind wings with no discal dot; two outer, zigzag, dark lines
parallel with the dusky edge of the wing, and a row of geminate, black dots
and fringe, as on lh(> primaries; beneath, pale, with a luteous tinge; on the
l)asal fourth ol the costu is a conspicuous black spot; a mesial, curved, linear,
costal line; beyond is a sinuate, black line, most distinct on the costa; outer
edge of the wing dusky; iViiigc as above. Discal dots distinct on Ijotli
wings. An outer, curved, sinuate line, especially marked on the veinh^ts.
Fringe paler than on the fore wings. Alnlomcn pale-ashen, with a dorsal
row of black, geujinato dots.

Length of body, c?, 0.40-0.45, 9, O.tO-045; of fore wing, <?, 0.4.S-0.G0;
expanse of wings, 1.00-1.15 inches.

Caribou Island, Lal)rador, August 2 (Packard); Brunswick, Me., July (>
(Packard) ; Moinit Washington, N. 14. , July 7 (Sanborn) ; early in August
(Scudder) ; Beaver Ib'ook, Colorado, August (Uliler, llayden's Survey);
(California (Edwards aiul llehrens); Victoria, Vancouver Island, July (Crotch,
Mus. Comp. Zoul.).

4'his sjjecies may l)e easily recognized by its minutely-pectinated antenn*,
eacii l)raneh of which ends in a slight tuft of long ciliaj ; by the long, dark
pal[ii, paler at the tip, the l)road mesial band, both black on the outer and
inner edires, and not narrowinij on tlie innin- edire so much as usual ; bv llie
l)roa(l dusky patch l)etween this and the apex, margined externally liy a wliite
line ; and by tiie hind wini^s having two distinct waved lines on the outer half,
and also by the very distinct double row of black a!)dominal spots.

Wl;en rubbed, tlie (J'alifornian (examples look as in fig. 58. 4'lie Pacific-

141

coast male specimens arc paler and coiisi(leral)ly larijcr tliau New Ilampsliirc
(siil)alpiiie), Labrador, ami Iceland male examples; the length of fore wing in
all llie eastern examples being 0.50-0.52 inch, while in Pacific-coast speci-
mens it is O.GO inch.

Standinger gives (1h> follovving dislriljiilion of (his s[)ecics in the Old
World : Northern l.apland ; Finland; and Eastern Siberia.

OeiiYHiA (;l:i:m;kata, n. .y>. J'lale 8, fiir. GO.

3 c? and 3 9 — ^lah; anlcniin' simple. A general llesli-coloi'cd tin! on (lu;
wings. Fore wings with a iieavv, aiigulaled, basal line, with parallel liiK^s
within and without the broader line. A broad, median, dark band, pale in
tlie middle, with the edges heavy and dark. Tlic inner edge sends a sharp
angle oulwai-<l from the base of (he winsf, an obtus(3 angle on (he median
vein, and a hirger angle on the internal vein. The mid(Ue of (lie band is
whitish, with a distinct diseal dot. The outer edge of the band is angled,
much as in 0. inunitayta ; (here being a large sinus in the diseal space, the
angle ])elow being large and well marked, v\hile still below is a deep sinus.
Be\ond this band is a broad, cofTee-colored, dilTusc band, not present in any
of the other species. This band is sometimes interrupted, but is always
edged externally with an interrupted, rather distinct, white line. The hind
wings are pale flesh-brown, with traces of three dilTuse light-brown lines and
a diseal dot; the two outer of these lines form beneath broad, irregularly-
scalloped bands, the outer very heavy, and edged externally with white. The
outer edge of the middle band on (he fore wings is reproduced distinctly on
the costa, l^ut faintly on the hinder part of the wing. Tlie fringe is check-
ered wi(h brown more distinctly beneath than above.

• Length of body, c?, 0.50, 9, 0.40; fore wing, cf, 0.57, 9, 0.5G; expanse
of wings, L20 inches.

Sanzalito, Cal., .January 2G, July IG (Behrens) ; 8an Diego, C'al. (Crotcli,
Mus. Comp. Zool.) ; California (Edwards); Sierra Nevada (('rotch).

This species differs from tlic others in the iiesh-brown tints, and the
submarginal, broad, coHee-colored band. I\I. Gueuee, to whom I sent speci-
mens, writes me (hat this is neither his Coremia convallaria nor defensaria. I
accordingly take pleasure in dedicating this species to the author of tlie best
work yet pid>lishcd on the group.

142

OcHYKiA CAENEATA Packard. Plate 9, fig. 3.

Pliibdlaplcnjx carnata Pack., Sixth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc, 4.'!, 1874 ; Proc. Bust. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, pi. 1,
lig. 9, 1874.

2 <?. — This .species has the style of marking-s of a Petrophora ; not bav-
iii^f. the miineroii.s straight, wavy lines of Philalapteryx. J'alpi unusually
loiiiT, l)cnk-likc. Fon; wings produced toward the ape.x, which is, however,
rat iicr niori' roiiiidcd than usual, lliud wings more jiroduced toward the
apex than usual. Body aiul wings pale ash. Fore wings dull ash at ba.se,
and with a broad tlesh -colored band, contracted on the sulnnedian vein, where
it is edged on both sides with black ; the flesh-color is less distinct on the
costa, where there are gray streaks ; a broad, dark, cinereous band cros.ses
the middle of the wing, darker on the edges, and with a series of obscure
ringlets along the middle ; the outer edge has three scallops in the middle,
larger and projecting more than the others; beyond this band, the wing is
ilesh-colored again, with a fine series of Ijlack venular dots in the middle of
the carneous band ; the latter is bordered externally by a tine, white, scal-
loped line; a row of tine black twin spots along the edge; fringe dark cine-
reou.s, interrupted by darker, slightly-marked, venular spots. Hind wings
whitish-ash, witii three obscure scalloped lines, the outer one being the heavi-
est, dark cinereous, and edged with snow-white externally; a faint discal dot;
edge of wing with a conspicuous, interrupted, black line; fringe pale ash.
Abdomen with a row of dark dorsal spots, as usual in the genus. Two ante-
ri(u- pairs of legs, gray, ringed with white. Beneath gray, densely speckled
with darker scales; discal dots large and distinct on both wings; a square,
blackish, costal spot on the basal third of the wing; another over the discal
dot; a dark shade crosses the outer third of the wing, ending in a dark costal
shade; a submarginal row of dark intervenular ^intches, lined externally wnth
white scallops; fringe as above. Hind wings much more speckled than usual,
with three scalloped lines, the outermost very heavy and conspicuous.

Length of boily, 0.42; of fore wing, 0.53 ; expanse of wings, 0.95-1.00
inch.

California (Edwards).

This ibrm may be recognized l)y the two broad flesh-colored bands on
the j)riuiarics, the long, large palpi, and the heavy outer line of scallops on the
under side of the secondaries.

143

OcilYRIA UUimO-SUFFUSATA Pilckiinl. I'hiic P<, fiir. C,\.
Cidnria riiliro-snff'ii.iitla Pack., rmc. Boat. S(ic. Nat. Hist., xiii, Idv!, ISil.

4 c? ai'd '2 9. — In this inlcrcsling sjiecies, the pnlpi arc ratlicr .^lioii and
bliinl, haiiT : llic I'ldiil licinii- nniisiially hairy, tlie fscalcs staudiiij,' up more
tlian iKsiial. IJixly and anicnna' Itlack, with scattered white scaler. Tlie lore
wings slightly snil'n.sed with red as a gi'onnd-color; tln^ iiind wings clear l)rick-
rcd. r^)r<' wings thickly covered with daik hands; l)aso of wini^ hiackisli,
succeeded hy a narrow rcddisli-ln'ow n line, slightl}' cnrved ; heyond i.s a dark
hand, scarcely carved, and sneeeedr<l hy a salnion-eolored hand, with a dark,
thicad-hki' line running"- jusl j(cy(Mid its middle; the middle of the wing is
hlackish, with three hlack, wavy hues rnnning through it; the discal dot
ronuil and hlack, heini: situated lu'arly on the innermost of tln^ three; this
l)road dai-k hand is more curved on its inner side in the male than in the
lenude, and is narrower; the outer edire is sinuate, with a d(Mitale projection
on the first median space; lieyond this hand is a clear, dull, salmon-colored
band, with a wavy, dusky line running through it, while tin; edge of the wing
is (lull-hi-own ; ;i marginal row of l)]ack, suhtriangular spots; fringe hrowu at
base; heyond, obscurely check(M-ed with reddish and dusky spots. Hind
wings hrick-ird ; about si.\ short, line, wavy lines on the inner edge, disap-
])earing in the middle of the wing; a very distinct row of Idaek, marginal,
intervenular spots, and fringe as on l()re wings. Under side of b(;th wings
red; bind wings deeper red than fore ])air, crossed by line, l)!ack, interruptt^d
lines, three on each wing; discal dots black, and costa of fore wings with
about seven l)lack dots, the subaj)ical one largest; base of fore wings crossed
by two dark lines, Ibrming three black circles; fringe as above, hut duller.

Length of body, 0.30; of fore wing, 0.44-0.50; expanse of wings, 1.00
inch.

Nevada (Edwards); San Mateo, Cal. (A. Agassiz, Mus. Coinp. Zool.).

This species may at once be recognized by the brick-red hind wings
and under side of all the wings, the hairy front, and hluut, hairy palpi.

In one female, the ground-color is yellowish ; the hind wings especially
being bright yellow.

OciIVrjA LACTEATA, >i. ■•'p. Plate 0, fig. 2.

1 9. This Ijeantifnl little species, in the shape of the wing.s, especially
in the acute hind wings, closely resembles O. nihro-suffunnia ; the outer edge

144

of llio fore wings is rather fuller, but the palpi aiul form of the body are the
same. Body Ijrowii. Fore wings l>ro\\n, -witli very distinet white bands and
lines; a basal, broad, dark band, bent at right angles below the costa; beyond
is a wider l)n)wn spnee, succeeded by a thread-like, wavy, white line, the
largest wave lieing in the diseal space; beyond this is a broad blackish baud,
and Ix'vond an e(|ually broad, pure-white band, inclosing a round, black,
raliier distinct diseal dot; half-way between the white band and the outer
edge is a zigzag w hite line, bent at nearly right angles below the costa, and
curved oulward in the middle of the wing, with several joints in the curve;
the sinus in the diseal space is fdled with a large black lilotch ; a black,
oblique, ai)ical line, quite distinct; a marginal row of black dots; fringe pale,
checkered with dark. Hind wings subacute, of a soft, decided cream-color,
with no lines, but a small diseal dot, and a submarginal row of l)lack dots;
fringe concolorous with the rest of the wing; beneath, ochrcous cream-color,
with four large, distinct, diseal dots ; an extradiscal line, more or less dilTuse,
widening on the costa ; apical region brown, but the apex itself with a clear
triangular spot. Hind wings more clouded than the fore wings; two parallel
scalloped lines beyond the diseal dots, and a snlimarginal line.

Length of body, 9, 0.30; of lore wing, 9, 0.40; expanse of wings, 0.84
inch.

Sanzalito, Cal. (Bchrens).

This fine species differs from O. rahro-su[fusala in the white bands on the
fore wings, and the cream-colored hind wings, and in the under side of both
wings being cream-colored.

OciiYRiA DESiGNATA Packard. Plate 8, tig. 63.

"Gcometra dcsigtxitn Ilufiiasel, Berlin. Mag., iv, 612, n. Cat., 17G0."

" Kottembtirj;, Aum. Hufu., Tali. Scbin., xi, 85, 1777."
" Boikh., Enr. Scliin., v, 385, 1794."
Gcometra 2>ro2>iiipialii Denis anil Schitf., Verz., 112, 17V(j.
" Fabr., Mant., 205, 1787."
" lliibn., Sebm. Eur., 286, 1797."
Ochyrin propuijiiiUa lliibn., Yerz., 3o-l, 1818.
Cidariu propiii/iKiria Treits., Sobui. Enr., vi (ii), 141, 1828.
Ciflaiia proptiipiula .Stfpb., Nomencl. Br. Ins., 44, 1829.
Kiiholin pnii>u(/iiaria l)np., Lep. France, viii (v), 184, pi. 183, fig. 5, 1830.
Cidaria 2)ro2)U(/iiala Stupb., 111., iii, 220, 1831.

Boisd., Gen. IncL, 214, 1840.
Larentia propugnaria Il.-Scb., Scbm. Eur., iii, 147, 1847,
Curcmiit propiiijnala Sti>pb., Cat. Cr. Lop., 188, 1850.
Onen., Pbal., ii, 412, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Uet. Br. Miis., xxv, 13U4, 1862.
Cidaria disignata Zeller, Verb. But. Zoul. Ges. Wieu, xxii, 494, 1872.

145

10 (? iiiiil 1<) 9.— ()!' \\\c sizr iiii<l roriii ol' (). Jii i iiiiar'ni : l>iit ihr iiii'lr
niitfiiiKL' are simple, beiiiy; ciliated, liody iui(i wings pale wliitisii asli. Foic
wings whitish asii, reddish at basf. the red poilion limited liy a dark nirved
line situated near ihc inscitioii of ihc wiiiys; licyoiid i> a lnnad iii^dit s])ace.
uilli two ilark, taint, thiead-likc lines; JmsI williin tin: middli' ol' the v.'inir, a
e()ns]>icn()ns, Innad. blackish, even band, a little curved ontward liclow the
cdsta : llie cxt ra<liscai line narrow, black, si raiuht in ihe coslal rcixion. thou^^h
\\av\-: b(d()\\ mak'inii' a deep siinis in the discal space, and a lari^c antinlar
projection in the lirsl median space, and bidow curved and wavy in ils coin'se;
ihe median band is I'oseale. or li^ht bi-i(d\-red. and, near the oilier edge, con-
tains two paralkd, sliylitly sinuous, dark threads, bent outward below the
costa ; a large, eosto-apical, s(|uarish, reddish-brown spot; a submarginal,
wavy, white line; no discal dot; fringe (N)ncolorous with the rest of the wing.
Hind wings whitisli gray, ooacoloroiis with the anterior ])air. and witii seven
or eiyiil line wavy lines, and a zigzag, white, snbmariiinal line; beneath, both
wings with numerous common lines, of w hicdi the ex'radiseal is 1 1n' most
distinct; discal dots very distinct.

Length of body,, <S 0.35, 9, 0 38; of fore wing, c? , 0.45. 9. 0.48; e.xpanse
of w ings. 0.96 inch.

London, Canada (Saunders) ; I'riinswick, Me., al)undanl in midsummer
about houses (Packard, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc.) ; Dul)lin, N. II. (L. W. Leo-
nard, Harris Coll. Mus. Bost. 8oc. Nat. Hist.); IMilton, Mass, May 2n, June
\. July 15; Cambridge, IMass., May 20, Angust 1-25 (Harris Coll. Mas. Bost.
8()C. Nat. Hist.); Dedham, Mass. (F. W. Very, Mus. Peali. Acad. Se.); Salem,
Mas.s., June 9 (Cassino); North Beverly, Mass., May 20, June 12-lU (Bur-
gess) ; Ithaca, N. Y., May 31 (Comstock, Mus. Corn. Fiuv.); Oneida, N. Y.
(R. V. Hawley) ; Easton, Pa. (Stnltz) ; Philadelphia, Pa. (P^iit. Soc.).

This is tlix.' common typical American form, Gucnde's var. A. I have no
European exam|)les with which to compare it. Three Iceland specimens
only differ fiom these in the median band bein<i' less roseate, and with a
decided brownish tint. Tiiis is Guenee's var. B.

Tills form may be recognized by the simple antenna?, the pale, cpiite

clear, asli-colored wings, and the broad, median, roseate band, limited within

by Ihe conspicuous, black, .slightly-curved l)and.

Staudinger gives the following dislrilnilion in the Old Woild ; Northern
10 P H

14G

and Cciitiiil Europe; Piedmont; Xorllicastern Turkey; Southern Russiii:
Altai Mounlains : Eastern Siberia; leebiud.

This species is double-brooded, appearing in May and also in July, as it
is in Europe.

Latrd. — "The eater|)dlar is figured iu Sepp's exquisitely beautiful work
on Dutch Lejjidoptera. It is represented feeding on a species of cabbage
(Brassica). The ground-colour is a reddish-gray, witii a niedio-dorsal series
of triangular uiarkings of a rosy-pink, and a Uiteral sfri[)e in the region of the
spiracles of a dingy-yellow." — Newman's British Moths, 1()8.

"Larva reddish-gray, with a row of piuk triangles on the back; spirac-
ular line i)ale yellowish-grey (Scpp). On cabbage in Septendier." — Stainton's
Manual of British Butterflies and Moths.

OcHYKiA FERRLiGARiA Ilubuer. Plate cS, il<r. G2.

" Geometrii firiiiii<(tti CliTck, Icon, his., (J, 14, 1709."

■' Linn., Fauna Sueeica, XiS, 1761."

•■ Hmkli., Enr. Selnji., v. :JS7, 171)4."

" lliilra., Scbiu. Em-., 4GU (iS5?), 1796."
'■ Gconuira unUleittaria H;nv., Lt-p. Brit.. ;'.U8, 18U;3-«.*y."
Cidar\a fcrruijuria Treits., Scbni. Eni\, vi (ii), 148, 1S28.
Cidarki ffrriigatu Stcpli., Nonieucl. Br. Ins., 44, 1829.
Euholia fa-riujuria Dup., Lcp. France, viii (v), 181, pi. 183, tig. G, 1830.
Cidaria unidcntaria Slcpli., 111., iii, "215, 1831.
Cidaria Jh-niyata Sto.pb., 111., iii, 216, 1831.
Larcittia firniyaria H.-Scli., Scbm. Eur., iii, 149, 1847.
Coremia J'err>i<jala .Stcpb., Cat. Br. Lep., 186, 1800.
Coremia iinidciiUiyia Stcpb., Cat. Br. Lep., 187, 18.">0.
Curauiiiferriiijiila (and var. tiiiidtiitiiria) Giien., Pbal., ii,413, 1807.

W'alk. !!!,List Lep. Het. Br. Mus.. xxv, 130.',, 1802.
Cidaria fnriiiiiiia Zcllci-. \'inli. Hot. Zool. (ies. Wien, xxii, 495, 1872.

10 S and 10 9. — ^lale antenna^ well pectinated , front brown; palpi long
and stout, brow n. pah; cinci-cons beneath; a transverse black l)and on the pro-
thora.x; behind, on mesoscutum, l)r()Wii scales. Abdomen pale cinereous, with
a row of blackish spots on each side very conspicuous. Base of fore wings
with distinct reddish-brown l)ands, allernaling with pale lines, the inner one
broadest ; within, at the base, dark; in the middle of the wing, a broad black
liand, with a large angle on the enter side; edge finely dentate, lined e.xter-
nally with white; the dark band is traversed l)y darker, deep black, and pale
lines; discal dot small, black, indistinct : l)eyond, and greatly widening on
the costa, are two parallel l)i-()vvn lines, which end in the middle of the wing;
a submarginal, scalloped, white line, and rnnnin<); just outside of a black, very

147

distinct, gcinmaie sjiol in the discal space; edge oCwino darker: I'linoc c,,)!-
colurotis, darker al l)ase. Hind winys diiskv withii! ; discal dot distinct :
l)eyond linealod obscurely wilii a lew hruwiiisli scales: Iteneath, discal dot
ilisfiiict, dark cinereous, w ilh Irausverse. black, scalloped, duskv lines: an
oul.'r dark line, and a siibniarginal white line lined with dusky within, witli
two liner lines between the discal dot and (inter line.

Lengtii or body, S. <^^\n, ?, (».;)■!: oflbre wiuir, c? , OM). 9, 0.45; expan.M".
of wings, 0.90-0.90 inch.

Quebec, Canada ^F. X. Belanger); London, Canada (Saunders); Bruns-
wick, Me., common, July 10 (Packard); var. «;//f/e«to/v«, Mount Wasliing-
ton, New Hampshire, July S (Morrison); August IG (ShurtleO", Mus. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist.) : Xew Ilampsiiire (Lt^onard, Harris, Mus. Bo.st. .Soc. Nat.
Hist.); Miltbrd, N. H. (Mus. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hi.st.) ; Milton, Mass., May 25,
July 15; Salem, Mass, attracted to lights, May 25 (Packard); Springfield,
Mas.s., July P) (Dimmock); Brookline. 3Ias.s., August 18; Bo.ston (Shnrtloff
and Sanborn, Mus. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.); Nahant, Mas.s. (Mooring); West
Farn)s, N. Y. (Angus) ; Brewster's, N. Y. (G)-ote) ; var. itnklentana, Long
rsland, N. Y. (Graef); Philadelidiia, Pa. (Knt. Soc); Wisconsin (Mu.-^. Peab.
Acad. Sc).

This species also is double-brooded, appearing in May and ayain in July.
as in Europe.

This moth is abundant everywhere, and diifers from the e(piall\' common
O. di'.vgtiata in the pectinated anteniue, very broad, black, or dark brick-
red nnddle band, bordered on each side with li^ht-reddish waw lines. The
l)lack variety seems to be as abundant as the red. more t\|)ical f()rm. It
seems to lie less expo.sed to variation than in (). designata. 'I'lie black or red
band varices much in width, ;nid the discal dot in distinctness. In some speci-
mens, the median band is of a rich wine-brown hue. In some examples, tin-
median band is centered by a row of dark oval spots Our brown examples,
on comparison with one example Irom North Germany, received I'ron) Pro-
fessor Zeller, do not sliow any differences. Our l)lack variety seems to be
identical with Hawortli's unidentaria, common in Kngland. Stainton retains
this as a distinct species from fcn-iigaria, though he slates that "the larva is
nndi.stinguishable" from \\v,\i {A' ferrugaiia. Staudinger also icirards it as a
distinct species, stating that it occurs in England, Northern (iermany. and,
doubtfully, in Finland and Livland I am incdined to reuard it onlv as a

14H

\iir\e\\ oi' forui^dta, niid a good example of inelniiism, as it occurs only in
Northern Europe, and none have yet occurred in Ihe Southern United States
south of Massachusetts, though our knowledge of the distribution of this
species in America is exceedingly imperfect.

Th(! localities of ferrugarla (not including unklentaria), given by Stau-
dhiger, are as follows: Europe (excluding Andalusia, Sardinia, and Greece);
Bithinia; Altai Mountains; and Amur.

f^ftrni. — "The eugs are gen<'rally laid on the stems of grouud-ivy (G/c-
choiiia Iiedcfdrea), on the leaves of which plnut the caterpillars feed. The
i)cri()d in the egg-state varies li-om leu to twenty days, according to the tem-
pei-ature; the cold east winds, which so freciuently prevail in the spring,
<n-eatly retarding their euiergence. The full-fed caterpillar rests with the
anterior extremity rigidly extended, iiut often in a slightly-arched position.
When auno3e(l, it lucks In its head, and rolls up tln^ anterior part of its body
in the form of tlie Ionic volute. The legs are crowded together and closely
appresscd to the mouth; the iu'ad is prone, not conspicuously notched on the
crown, and nearly of the same width as the l)ody ; the l)ody is of nearly the
same width throughout, and mf.forndy cylindrical, with the exception of a
lateral skin-fold, which extends its whole length ; it is without humi)s, but, in
connnon \\ith the head, has a few small scattered warts, each of which emits
a single small bristle; the head is putty-colored, freckled with black on the
liice, and luiving a darker stripe on each cheek; the color of the dorsal area
of the body, as l:u- as the ninth segment, is dingy-brown, but this hue appears
to l)e caused l)y the somewhat tessellated ornamentation ; this consists, in the
lirst place, of a nn-dio-dorsal stripe, narrow and almost thread-like, <m the
third, fourt It, tilth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth segments; on the sixth, sev-
enth, eighth, and ninth segments, the medio-dorsal stri|)e is interrupted, and
i-(!duce(l to a median, intensely black, spot; each of these l>lack spots is sur-
rounded by a paler area, dilated laterally, but attenuated at Ihe extremities;
a dorsal seiies of lozenge-shaped markings results as far as regards these four
segments; on ea(;h side of this dorsal ornamentation are three slendcn- rivulet
stripes, all of them sesqnialterons or semi-donble, but neither of them very
conspicuous; the ventral area, extending to and including- the s[)iracles, is
putty-colored, but the spiracles lliemselves are intensely black, and surrounded
l)y a paler area ; there is a medio-ventral, pale-brown, or reddish stripe, con-
taining three l)lack spots, and extending from the liflh to thelwellth segment;

140

oil each side ol this iiicdio-vciilial stripe, thi' gi()Uii(l-C()h)r is extremely pale,
and the pale part is Ijomided l)y a (loul)lc, sinuous, darker stripe-, very similar
'lO those on the dorsal area; this commences at t]ic base of the third pair ol"
legs, and ceases at the base of tlu^ ventral claspers ; this is again succeeded
by a paler gronnd-color, and this again l)y a l're(piently iiilei-rupted and most
irregular stripe, which contains live conspicuous bhudv spots, and terminates
in a large linear spot close to the ventral claspers. The caterpillar spins a
slight web among the stolons ol' tht; ground-ivy, and in this (dianges to a
smooth brown chrysalis.'' — Newman's British iMotlis, 168.

Desid('.i((tn.

Coremia convaUaria Guen., Phal., ii, 410, 1857. — Elle est tres-voisiiie dc
notre mun'datn. La couleure des suiii'rieures est le testace-rougeatre on rose,
avec I'espace median forinant unc bande absoliiment de meme forme que
chez munitata. II est traverse de lignes [)lus ou moins visil)le, (jui laissent
an milieu taotot une bai.de, taiitut tine simple tache claire, au milieu de
la(iuclle est un petit trait cellulaire. On voit p'us loin iin trait subapical et
au-dessous, une ombre; niais cntre elle et I'espace median, je ne vois iii lignes
ondulees ni points. Les ailes interieures sont elaires, avec le bord teinte dc
rose' et une ligne mediane indistincte et plus arrondie au milieu. Les lames
des antennas sont plus rol)ustes.

C'alilbrnie. Deux t^. Coll. Gn.

Coremia defensaria Guen., Phal., ii, 411, 1857. — Elle est encore trfes-
voisine de la munitata et surtout de la convailaria, mais les ailes siiperieures
sont plus obscures; I'espace median forme nn angle e.xterieur beaucoup plus
saillant rpioique obtus; la subterminale e.st distincte, decoupee en dents
arrondies, et, eatre elle et la coudee, on voit Irois range(;s de petits points
nervuranx noirs. Deux ou trois rangee.v semblables se voieiil aux ailes inferi-
eures, (nitre la ligne mediane et le bord termiiiale. Lous ces points se repfe-
tent en-dessous avec deux traces de lignes prcs de la base, taiidis (]ue chez la
convailaria il n'y a ([ue le point cellulaire et une seule ligne. Les lames des
antennes .sont encore plus robustes et un pen clavitormes.

Californie. Un S. Coll. L,oisduval.

Coremia plebeculata Guen., Phal., ii, 411). — 20""". Ailes supdrieuresd'un
gris-iioiraire mele d'ochrace, avec un large espace median plus iiince. traverse

111

I :)0

)ar (Ic lilies liiTiit'S ; In ciiikU'c irayanl (lu'iiii sciil aiiirlo arroiidi ciitrc L* et 3
)()r(l teriiiiiiiil est c'i>alcment obscourci, i\ ligiics, dii restc, pen disfmctes,
ais tic muuiere qu'il so dccoupe, entre liii ct la coiidec, line bandelettc plus
claire ct plus iaunatrc, Iraversce d'uii filet comme cliez les Emmclesia. Ailcs
iutl'ilcurcs d'liu jauiie p;lle, avec (|uatre lignes noires coinmeiK^aut an bord
al)d()iiiiiial, luais sc pcrdaiit avaiit Ic milieu de I'aile. De petits points triaiigu-
laires, isoles, noires, liordeiit Ics quatre ailes. Le dcssous est d'un jaunc
(rocrr clair; les inlerieures ont phisicurs petites lignes noiratres, denticuk'es
(>t coinnic piinctitbrmes. Antennes saas ciliations.

Calilbniie. Un i . • Coll. Guenee.

Jc n'ai vu qu'un seul individu de cette petite espece et n'oserais affinner
(pi'elle appartienne definitivement an genre Coremia. EUe a un aspect toiit-
a-fait distinct.

Ckkiyla a/gidata Moesclilcr, Ent. Zeit. Stett., 35. Jaiirg., 162, 1874. — .
This Labrador species has pectinated antennse, and is apparently a pale ^■
variiety of the very variable O. munitdta.

Cidaria ■inrlhudaria Walk., List Lc]). Het. Br. Mus., xxvi, 1727, 1862. — ■
This, as 1 learned liy an examination of the type in the British Museum, is ^

a true 0<-lii/r'i(i.

RHEUMAPTERA Httbner. Plate 1, tig. 10.

llkmmuiitiva Uiiljii., Tmit., 1S0()-10.

ilesohiica Iliilin. (m part), Verz.,:i'.il), IKIS.

Xaiillwvhor Iliibii., Vera., '.:&7, 1816.

Phmijria Iliibu. (iu i>avt), \i:n., 'Ml (not I'Umijria, \>. Xii), 1818.

Epb-rhuii Iliibti., Vcrz., :&S, 181s.

EnhiiH- IliUiii., Vfi'z., :i-28, 1818.

CaloslUjia IlUbii., Vcrz., 3J8, 1818.

Za-cne Treit.s. (in part), Sinn. Eur., vi (ii), 'JIT, ISiiS.

Cidaria Sf-eph., NdiiumicI. lir. Ins., 44, 18;jy.

Mdanlliia Boi.sd. (in part), Grn. Ind., 21G, 1840.

Mclunthia' Dnp., Lop. Franco, snpp!. to vol. iv, 112, \Si'i.

Larcntia Il.-Sch. (in part), Sclini. Kiir., iii, 141, 1847.

Curemia St-epb. (in l)art). Cat. 15r. Lop., 180, 1850. ■

Harpahjcc HU-\>h. (in p.irt), Cat. Br. Lep., 190, 1850.

Mchoiipiic Stcpli., Cat. Hr. Lisp., 2i;i, 18.50.

Mdanlhia Slc|>li., Cat. l!r. Lep., 21:!, 1850.

Mchinij))!!' Unen., I'lial., ii, :i8(), 18.57.

Wall;., List Lep. ITet. Br. Mn.s., xxv. l-^<l, iHi'i.

S and 9. — Head nuieh as in Ocliijrhi; the front being rather narrow,
but full, with a well-marked interpalpal Inft, Male antennae simple, not

* This is apparently tbe Cr.st time Dtiponchel used tlic torni Melanthin : Imt Iicre Knpithccia brcvi-
ciilata in placed under it, aud Boisduval bad .already employed the name.

I . ) I

filialfd. Palpi .s|i(.rl and sloiil. sliirlillv raised, cxlciidinir l„it a sIhiH dislaiift
beyond llu' int. r|ial|)al tail, rallicr busliy ; flie second joint broad; third joiuo
uiiiinte, eonieal, merged with Iheseeond joint. Fore winirs with the cosia tidl,
iircdied toward the a[)e.\, whieli is subrectangular, the winys not l)eiiia- snblal-
cate, as in Oclnjrin; outer e(Ig(> not very oblique, .sonu'times sli<rbtlv bent in
the n)id(ne. Hind wiiig.s somewhat pnxhiced toward the apex, more so than in
Ochyria, sometimes very slightly scalloped. Venation: one (A', /lasta(a) or two
subcostal veins, the latter equal, or, with the inner one, small; the posterior
discal venule often not bent, somelinu's much as in Ochyna; the .second
subcostal venuh' arises half-way between the end of the outer subcostal cell
and the origin of the third subcostal. Hind legs thick; tarsi thick, short,
not quite so long as the tiluje. Abdomen of moderate leiiirfh. not reachim"'-
beyond the inner angle of the winnf, ending in a slight s(piare luft. Colora-
tion : there are three styles; in the niJiciUata grou|), there is a i)road whiti;
band on the fore wings, and the hind wings arc whiter than usual ; in the
second group, represented by lacustraUt, there is u median black l)and, and
there are numerous lines on the hind wii:gs; in the third group, represented
by R. hasfafa, the body and wings are black, with a white common band,
and often large white spots in coimection.

The species of this genus ditfer trom Odnjrta by the simple; male anten-
nae, almost entirely wanting in cilia, and tiu' less snbfdcate wings; while the
hind wings arc never angulated, though sometimes scalloped, as in Orlnjrhu
Besides these characters, the species are nearly always distinaiushable bv
their markings, and tlie general habit of th<> genus is dilferent. The venation
is very similar, yet slightly different. Tli(> .species of the group A con-
nect the lacmtraUi group 13 with Ochijrui, while haslnta is (piite different. I
see no reason why the genus, as here limited, is not as "good"' as those in
other subtiinulies of the Pha/cciihla', and do not think that the union of all
those genera under the term CUlai-'ta, as insisted on by German writers, will
lend to clear conceptions. On the other hand, the geni-ra aiv in a degree
artificial. Piobably no two persons will agree u\\ the limits ot'the genera of
this subtiunily; at least, in the present state of our knowledge.

Larva. — "Caterpillars quite" short, cylindrical, slightly attenuated in
front, with trapezoidal points, surmounted with small, quite visible hairs;
without lines, or with a few lines; head globular; living on tree.s or low
plants. Pupa- contained in oval eaiiheii cocoons." — (uu'iiee.

152

Si///(ij'ti/-s (if tlie Species.
A. Jliddlc of the lore wing white; liiud wings white : ^

Like riil'icWatn, but willi the outer edge of basal duik area re.i;iiUirly curved 7?. hriuinciciUata.

Middle band wliite, wilh tlio bead, thorax, aud base of fore wiugs blaek ; a largo

eosto-apieal patrli ; outer edj,'e ofliasal dark area .jagged h'. riiJidUaln.

]•>. Mi(Ullc of wing usually ui(h a hlack hand:

Median b[ind sealloped on (be edge; with a snliiiiiieal blaek [lateb 7i'. bumliiiUi.

Struetnrally like ImxaUala, but witli two sbort parallel lines near the edge iu the

extradiseal space ; fore wings with a decided greenish hue K. parinotala. ■

Antenna: pectinated ; ground-color of wings chalky-white .. K.fiuciuata.

Like lactistnita, but with a decided flesh-colored tint and darker wings, while the -'

point in the median baud is large, tridentate li- iiitermeiliiita. t

Median band heavy, blaek, with a simple tooth ; hind wings with six well-marked

scalloped lines •«• lacuslrafu. .--.

Like Iacit»trala, but with a broad, clear, white band beyond the racdiau baud, and \

common to both wings H- unamjulala. U^

C. Wings black, vvith wl)ite lines, bands, and spots:

Medium-sized, with usually a single, broad, white, median band 7^ lurjuhraia.

Under-sized, with two white lines and a band on the fore wings; hind wings

marked like anterior pair I<- trhlata. _

Largest species of the genus, with two white lines, a baud, and a submarginal '-

line; hind wiugs marked in the same uuiuuer li. himtata. . ^

KiiEUMAPTEKA BRUNNEiciLLATA Packard. Plate 8, fig. 09.

MeJanlhia bniiiiiiirillnki I'ack., Sixth K<p. Peab. Acad. Sc, -l-J, 1H*4 ; I'roe. 15ost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, pi.
1, lig. 10, 167 .1.

.") S and o 9. — This species is mure nearly tdlied lo onv R. nijicillata
than R. (ilbkillaht of lllurope. Body brown, with a slight reddish tinge,
giving oir metallic retlecfions. Abdomen darker tluin in the two above-
named species, with a tine, white line on each segment. Body and legs white
beneath. Pore wings may be described as opaque rcddish-i)rown, with a
median while band much narrower than in Ihe two other allied species; the
inner aiu'le with a deep recfanuular sinus; outer edge with a large tooth
opposite Ihe unusually large discal spot; yellowish about the tooth, which
varies much in size, sometimes being obsolete; above and bek)W this tootii
tlie edg(^ is sinuate; in the l)rown region beyond are two parallel, irregularly
sinuous, line, lilue lines; the outer edge of the In'own region scalloped, the
angles filled with white, with a s(iu;irish, while patch, and a broad patch of
white in the middle of" the wing, extending from near (he large tooth oppo-
site the discal dot to the outer edge of the wing, including the fringe, which
is mostly brown, with a white subapical patch. Hind wings immaculate
snow-white; beneath white, with large discal dot; outer hali'ol' wings dark-

(D

153

JniAMi. widi a lolly wliitf tddtli opjiosilc lliti dol ; u ilccplv-sciilloped, siilmiai-
giiial. white line, iiiucli as aliovc; IViiigc as above. Hind \viii<rs white, with
a discal dot and a suliniaririiuil, inteirnplcd. dniihle hne, more or less obsoh^te,
and represented by scatti'red dots.

Length ofl)()dy, c?,ll.-10, 9,0.;!."): of lore winu, i/,0.48, 9,0.52; expanse;
of wings, 1.0") inelies.

iSanzalito, Cal. (Belirens): ('alirornia (Edwards).

l\HKr.M.\pii:RA KTFK ILLATA Packard. Plate S, tiir. 70.

Mtlanlliia niftciUala (iiicii. !, l^lm).. ii. lir^d, is.'i".

Wnlli.!. List Lcp. ITct. lir. Mils., xxiv, V27-J. mn.

4 S and S 9. — Ahdcmen and iii(nin(l-eol(u- ot the win<>s elear white.
Head, thorax, and base ot" lore wings blackish, with blacker lines. Fore
wings with the liase blackish, containing three zigzag black lines, with stecl-
l)liie scales between; edge ofthe area shaded broadl)- with brown; the edge
is very irregnlar, with teeth projecting out on the veins, the tooth on the
median vein being small, not large and rounded as in I'. hninneiciUutii : a
clear, white, broad mesial bund, with a small discal dot, limited externally l)y
a regnlarly-scalloped line, the largest scallop being iu the second median
space; the white band contracts on the costa, being of the same width as on
the inn<'r edge; two parallel, submarginal, broad, white, scalloped lines, end-
ing iu the large black-brown costo-apical patch; a dark patch filling two
scallops above the middle and another at the inner angle of thc! wing. Hind
wings with a discal dot ; an extradiscal line ; edge of the wings broadly
shaded with dark scales.

Length of body, c?, 0.45, 9, 0.40; of fore wing, tJ , 0.60, 9, 0.55; expan.se
of wings, 1.25 inches.

Quebec, Canada (Bclanirer) ; London, Canada (Sannders) ; Brunswick,
Me. (Packard); White Moimtains, New IIam|)sliire, July 20-30 (Scudder);
Essex ('ounty, Vermont (Cassino) ; Brookline. Mass., June 18 (Shurtleif) ;
Andover, Mass. (Sanborn); Amherst, i\Iass. (Goodell) ; Cambridge, Mass.
(Harris Coll.); Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef) ; Albany, N. Y., May 29, June 24,
,Iuly 21 (Lintner): Ibilfalo, N. Y. (Crote); Oneida, N. Y. (Hawley); East.)n,
Pa. (Stultz); Lansing, Mich. (Cook).

This fine sj)ecies may be identified by the white middle baml, the black-
ish head, thorax, and i)ase of ti)re wings, and the larije blackish costo-apical
patch.

L'O p H

1 ;)-i

RhKU.MAPTEKA IJAtfALIATA PiU'Uanl. I'laU; i), tig. 2.
Lurenlia hastiliuUi Walk., List Lep. n<'t. I!r. Miis., xxiv, 1184, IHIU.

f) i and 5 9. — .Somewhat allied to R. lorutilrata in tijrm ; but tlio pal[)i
arc of iiDiisiial lengtli, rather slender, and the hind wing.s are a little more
])rodueed toward the ape.x. Body and fore wings hrown : palpi blackish,
tipped at extreme end with white. Head gray. Fore wings with numerous
finely-scalioped dark lines; about six such lines; the median, dark, broad
l)and is less distinct liian usual, without the usiud angle iu tlie discal space,
l)u1 witli a hir^e, distinct, black, discal dot; beyond the edge of this band,
whicli has about nine scallops, is a wliitisii. narrow l)and, will] a faint median,
scalloped, dark line; beyond is a large black costal Idotcii, and a second one
l)elow, <)])])()site the discal dot. and limited beyond h\ the usual zigzag, white,
submarginal line; a marginal row of close-set l)lack triangles. Plind wings
whitish, usually without any markings, except the marginal row of conspicu-
ous, black, close dots; beneath marked much as usual in lacufttraia and allied
species, the wings being clouded, with the lines laintly reproduced, and two
faint- lines on the hind wings, with a discal dot.

Length of body, J, 0.40, 9, 0.40; of ti)re wing.s, t?, 0.45-0.52, 9, 0.52:
expanse of wings, O.tIO— 1.10—1.20 inclies.

London, Canada, (Saunders) ; Mount Washington, New Hampshire,
August 10 (Saiil)orn); Mendocino, Cal, June (Belirens) ; Northern Cali-
iornia (I'^dwards): Victoria, Vancouver Island (Crotch).

Diileriug from all the otiier species by the scalloped edge of the median
band, which is less black than usual, this species reminds one of Ochyria
ckslgnata in the two blackish patches near the apex. The two White ^Mountain
specimens have the hind wings darker, with traces of two lines, and are also
smaller than the ('alilornian and Vancouver Island examples, the fore wings
measuring (t.4G inch; and the fore wings are a little blunter. It may prove
to be i(h'iitical with some Luro])ean species. Tiiose from Vancouver Island
have longer, nuire poii:ted wings, and are whiter than Calitbrnian examples,
and expand a line more.

This species lias Ixcn iih iifitied from a drawing of Walker's type made
bv Mr Willis.

155

RhEU.MAI'TKKA PAKINOTATA I'at'kitnl. I'hllc S, lig. 5().
CUlaria parinotala 7.r\\,-v II!, \Cili. lint. ZimiI. (Ics. Wuii, xxii. VX>, 1>T-,'.

2 $ and 1 9. — 'i'liis pecnruir species is stnicturally imich like U. hctsuii-
afa, but with a (It'cidrd irrecu hue nu the fore wiuirs. The Ixxly aud l(>re
wings tiiwn-ash, wilh a greenish tinge on Ihe liiorax. Kore wings with a
basal bhickisli banck ibnned of two wavy. para!h>l, approximate, l)laek lines;
the l)and curves reijularly outward : beyond are three fawn-colored lines, and
still liex'ond a l)roa(l. liiw u-colored l)an(l. Ix'coining greenish towaid tlie costa;
this band is enclosed liehv(>en two l)lack zigzag lines, wiiicli soni<'linies ix'conic
ditfnsed toward the inner (;dg(' and unite, t'orininLf a black instead of fawn-
colored l)and : this band eitlier touches or is quite remote (Mi the inner edge,
witii a similar band, but twice as broad, beyond the middle of the wing;
l)etween the two itands is situated a distinct discal dot ; near the outer edge
of the wing, in the extradiscal space, are two conspicuous, parallel, short,
longitudinal, black hues, somewhat like exclamation-marks; the marginal
l)lack marks are very distinct, mucli as in 7i'. /msdliafd. The liind wings are
dusky, with the outer edge decidedly dusky, and witii a liiiutly dilfuse dusky
extradiscal line.

Leugth of body, c?, 0.40-0.42, 9, 0.45; of fore wing, 3, 0.48-0.50, 9,
0.55 ; expanse of wings, 0.95-1.10 iuches.

Waco, Tex., November 5, December 5 (Belfrage, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc);
Dallas, Tex. (Boll., Mus. Comp. ZooL).

The green fore wings and the two black, parallel, twin slashes in tl)e
extradiscal space of the fore wing separate this species from any other.
Zeller remarks that it is related to Cidaria didymatn (Linn.).

One of my specimens is the type of Professor Zeller, received from the
i\Inseuni of Corajiarative Zoology.

Rhei'MAPTeka fluctuata Packard. Plate S. tigs. 71, 72.

t'haluna-dcometrafluctuata Liiiii., Fauna Svccicji, 8j'.), ITUi; Sy,st. Nut., oil. x, T/iT, 17.')8.
•• (ieonulru flititualu Hiibn., Scbiu. Eur., tab. 4S, 'iV), 171Mi."

" Haw., Lep. Brit. 333, 1803-29."
Pltmi/ria Jluctuata Iliibu., Verz., 327, 1818.
/(reiiejliicliiala Treits., Schm. Eur., vi (ii), 219, 1828.
Cidaria fliiclitata Stcph., Nomend. Br. Ins., 14, 1829.
Mi-Uinlhia fluctuata Dup., Lep. France, viii (v), 265, pi. l-^9. lig. 3. 1830.
Cidaria fluctuata Stepli., 111., Hi, 210, 1831.
Milanthia tUu'tuaria Hoisfl., G<mi. Iiid., 217, 18tl).
Lartntia fluituaria H.-Sib.. Si-liui. Eur., iii, I.'l, 1-47.

(■(mmiiijhirhiiiltt Sl.'pli., V-M. lir. Ia')!., 187, iP.SO.

Mrlaiiiiipc iilunhi Oiieii., I'lnil., ii, WJ, 1S57.

Milaiiippeflurluata Gam., Plial., ii,402, 1857.

Mdanippr iihiila \V;ilk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxv, 1S!9(), 18()2.

Alclaiiippcjhnliwta Walk., List Lep. Hi-t. Br. Mus., xxv, 1291, 18()2.

2 i and 2 9. — Mule antenna) with rather long, very slender pectinations.
Win<>-s wliiter than usnal. Fore wings chalky-white as a ground-color: black
at base, often with some reddish-brown scales ; beyond, a broad white area,
exlendin"- to the middle of the wing, with sometimes one or two parallel,
laint, dark lines; the median band is twice or three times as wide on the costa
as on the inner edge, and often more or less obsolete behind the median vein,
where it is made up often of three large ringlets; anteriorly it is either rather
heavy and l)lackish, with the discal dot not apparent, or it is pale in the
middle, with the discal dot distinct (this band has sometimes a distinct red-
dish-brown tinge); beyond tliis median band is a broad, clear, whitish band
extending to the costa; beyond its costal end is a large, square, black patch,
interrupted by or.e or two white lines, which run in a zigzag course across
the wing; lielow this patch, in the outer part of the extradiscal space, is a
smaller I)lack patch, filling two of the scallops of the snbmarginal, clear,
zigzag line; the marginal row of black dots in both wings is smaller and
isolated, compared with most of the allied si)pcies. Hind wings whitish, with
four or five dusky lines and a discal dot.

Length of l)ody, c? , 0.40, 9, 0.35; of i 'ore wing, <? , 0.50-0.60, 9, 0.52;
expanse of wings, 1.00-1.15 inches.

Caribou Island, Labrador, July 17 (Packard); White Mountains, New
Hampshire (Shiirtleti"); Mount Washington, New Hampshire, July (Morri-
smi); Treat's Island, Eastport, Me., July IG (Shurtleff); Ithaca, N.Y. (Smith);
[Miihulelphia, I'a. (xVmer. Ent. 8oc.).

This species also occurs in Eiiroj)e, Asia Minor, America, and the Altai
I\Iountains.

Ditfers froiii the allied species by the well-i)ectinated antenna^ the chalky-
white wings, the forni of the dark, distinct median band, olten obsolete or
very narrow l)chind, and in the costo-apical black patch. In the Labrador
and one White ]\b»untaiii (liii:. 72) examples, the basal spot and median baud
havi; a decided rcddish-biown tinge, while those from the Middle States are
pure l)lackish, and niucli as in the European examples received from (he Vienna
Mus(Miiu. Tli(_' siniilc Labradoi' s|ieeiinen (expanse ot" wings, 1.15 inches) is
niiuh larger than any of the others, and agrees in size with the European

.) I

cxninplcs. Tlioiiiili niy inal('ii;il is sc;iii1y, I do not sec any reason (itr scpa-
i-al'miJt idudfa t'loiii lliirliKita, w liicli varies <rreall\ in Kuioix'. ( )\ni \v\Y''v vaiietv
received from Eiirojie, is cjuite dillerenl iVoiii any Anieriean iudividnai ; liul
another is almost identieal (except in ijcini^ larger) with a White ^Alonntain one.
Laird. — ■•'I'he caterpillar is sliglitly attenuated lowaiil each extremity;
it ifcnerally rests in a slightly-henl posture: it is very varial)le in cohu". l)ro\\n,
gray, or green. I descril)e the hrou n ty|)e : the liead delicately nuirked
trar.sxersely with dark-hrow n : median >ti-ipe iuteri'upted, and ol' vaiMous
colors, ol' \\hi(di i)rick-re(l and dee|)-hlack are most cous])icuous ; a small,
oblong, red space, surrounded hy dinyy-w kite, occupies the middk; of the
iiiud maryin of eacii segment alter the t()urth, and is united to a black spot
similarly surrounded on the interior margin of the succeeding segment; the
t\\ () comi)iued constit ufe w hat Jlr. liellins terms the arrow-head markings;
the dorsal surface of the tenth, eleventh, twelfth, and (hiileenth segments is
very pale, forming a conspicuous pale patch, and this is continued beyond the
posterior margin of the ninth segment ; (>acli of the segments after the l()urth
has t()ur distant and distinct white dots arranged in a scjuare ; those on tl
tenth, eleventh, and twellth segments are surrounded with small l)lack mark-
ings; the sides are jjale : the belly is also pale, but has darker stripes: it
feeds on the several varieties of cultivated cabbage (Brasv/ca), on nasturtium
{I'ropceolum majus). and other garden-plants, and is double-brooded, both in
a state of nature and in ca[)tivity. The second brood of caterpillars is lull-
fed at the beginning of September." — Newman's British Moths, 164.

RHEr.MAPTKRA INTERMEDIATA Packard. Plate 8. fisi'. 7;}; plate !), iig. 1.

McJiinippc iiitcrmcdiala Guen., I'bal., ii, :J'J5, 18.')7.

Walk., Li.st Lep. Ilet. lir. Mns., xxv, \2'M\ IfM.

6 c^ and 2 9. — Dusky cinereous, with somewhat of a flesh-colored
tint. Fore wings with two dark, parallel, wavy, black lines at the i)ase ;
the base of the winu iieim^: either clear or dark reddish-brown oi- dusky,
hut not so dark as in U. lacnstratit : l)eyond the dark lines and the median
band, the wing is more or less cinereous, with two or three dusky lines.
or sometimes a siiiirle reddish-brown band: the median band is l)lack and
heavy, limited on each side i)y two heavy wavy or scallo|)ed black lines ;
the baud varies much in width, especially near tin; inner edge ot' the
winy; it also varies in the prominence of the angle on the first median
vein, which is larae and (-(unpo.sed of two or three scallops (while that of A'.

e

158

lariislrald is siiiiiilc, smaller, and siil)aciite); the discal dot is ol'ten siiiToiindcd
1)V a wcll-iiiarl\rd l)liick ring (sonietiuK's the l)and is so wide lliat no rint; is
formed); the wing' beyond \\\v median band is dusky cinereous, where it is
white in /'. lorustnila : there are two parallel, dusky, scalloped lines, some-
limes nearly obsolete, and represented by two rows of venular black marks;
a distinct, white, marginal, scalloped line, ending on the costa in front of a
scniarish ])lack spot. The hind wings are more dusky and clouded than in
R. hicMsfrata, with usually less distinct lines; there are three scalloped lines
just l)eyoud the small discal dot, and a double, diffused, marginal band;
beneath, the markings are much as in R. lacustrata, but the submarginal
whit(; line on the tore wings is wanting.

Length of body, (?,0.45, 9,0.40; of fore wing, i,0.b2, 9,0.52; expanse
of wings, 1.10 inches.

Nahant, Mass. (Moering) ; Cambridge, Mass., July 3-21 (Moriison);
Broolvline, Mass., June 1, August 18 (Shurtleff) ; Albany and Sharon, N. Y.
(Lintner); New Jersey (Sachs); Easton, Pa. (Stultz) ; Philadelphia, I'a.
(Amer. Ent. Soc.) ; West Virginia, April 8 (Mead); "Canada, New York,
Pennsylvania" (Guenee) ; •'Saint Martin's Falls, Hud.son's Bay, Canada, Nova
Scotia, and New York" (Walker).

This common species diifers from R. lacustrata, with which it is liable
to be eunlbuuded, in the darker-ashen wings, the three-toothed point in the
median Iniud, in the wing being dusky or ilesh-colored beyond this band, and
in" the darker hind wings. It is very near the European R. galiata (W. V.),
and may prove to be identical with it.

Pheumaptera lacustrata Packard. Plate 8, tig. 74.

ileluiiippc lamxtnilii Giicii., Pluil., ii, t'lO.'i, 1857. *

Wall;., List U^\^. llet. Bi'. Mas., xxv, 1296, 186-^.

(; S and (J 9. — (Tround-C(jlor white; Ijody dnll-asli. Fore wifigs with
two curved, wavy lines at l)ase, wilh an acute angle on the discal spac'e ;
between tln^ two lines, and witliin them, the wings are tinged with dull red-
dish-l)rown ; beyond the two basal lines is a clear white band containing two
or three dusky lines; the median band is heavy, black, more conspicuous
than usual ; it varies in width, contracting more or less just before reachin
the inner edge ol the wing; tlu; angle of the outer edge on the median
vein is simple, unidentale, ol)tus(^, sometimes subacute; above the angle the
band goes s1rai<fht to the costa, without anv sinus: tlu; band is limited by

(T

(uo i»iirallcl. hhifk, \v;iv_\ lilies (in ciicli side, and the discal d.)f isdislinci,
sonictinics siuTonndcd l._v a lilack rin^-; hcyiiml llic nu'dian hand is a hroad
while iian(L eunfainiiii;- a thisky waved Hne, with an anolc corresiiDndinir to
ilie allele in Ihe onteredge ol'lhe hiaek nn^han hand: (he while hand is often
limited l)y a rennlarly-seaHojied hlark hne; hali-way lielween Ihis line and Ihe
edt'-e ol'tiie wing- is a white scalloped line, willi a s(|nai-e hkndv paleh helhm
the costal termination (sonu'tinies the three snhmai-<.diial lines ai-e ohsolete
and the outer third ol'lhe win<i- is ([niie clear v.hilish, with scattered dots, or
with a llesh-tint). The hind w inns are whitish, with fiv(^ or six parallel,
scalloped, tlnsky lines beyond the discal dot.

Lciiirth of body, <?, 0.44, 9 ; of fore wing, d, 0.55, 9 ; expanse of wings,
1.15—1.25 inches.

Caribou Island, Sonthern i.ahradoi-, Jidy 7-24 (Packard, Williams Col-
lege Exp, IBGO); London, Canada (Sannders): 'i'reat's Island. Kastport, Me..
.Ink 16 (Shurtleft^) ; JJriinswick, Me., June, -Inly (Packard): INntland, Me.
(M(n-.-^e,); Salem, Mass., August 21 (Packard ; Xahant, Mass. (iMocring);
Brookline. Mass., May 'M (ShnrHeir) ; Candiridge, Mass. {Harris Coll.):
Spriugliehl, Mass.,. .May (Dimmock); Dedham, Mass. (Very); New York,
August 2 (Mead) ; ^^'est Farms, N. Y. (Angus) ; PM-ooklyn, N. Y. (Graef) ;
Ithaca, N. Y. (Smith): Brewster\s, N. Y. (Crote) ; New Jersey (Sachs):
Philadelphia, Pa. (Amer Eut. Sue.) ; Lansing, j\[ich. (A. J. Cook) ; "Canada,
New York" (Gruence).

This very al)undant species may be known by the whitish s,n-ound -color
of the wiuiTS, and the heavy, l)lack, median Itand with a simple tooth in the
median venule, and by the absence of a simis l)elow the costa, while the
hind wings have about six usually well-marked, dark, scalloped lines.

The two Labrador examples are rather smaller than those found farther
south.

Rheumapter.v i;n.\ncu]LATA Packard. I 'late 8, (i<r. 75.

" Geomctra unatiguluta Haw., Lcp. Brit., '.i'.Vi, IWS-Id."

Harpuhjco unanyulatu Steph., Nonicucl. IJr. Ins., 44, 182il; III., iii, 'J'J,'), 18:il.

Larenlia unangulata Il.-Scb., Schtii. Eur., iii, 150, 1847.

Mclaiilhia amnUmlata Stepb., Cat. Br. Inn., 214, 18,"i0.

Alclanipjic unanrjulala Guen., Plial., ii, :W4, LS.'j".

Wall;.,* Iiist L(|i. Il(.(. Iii-. Mils., xxv, 1286, 18()2.

2 i and 4 9. — This species may best be de.scribed by comparing it with
R. lacustruta, with which it is liable to be contbunded. The wings are clearer

" Tljo iollowiiijr synoii.viiis arc also ,.i,'ivcu by M. Guendc and Staadliigor : bkulorala Borkli. 1, :!'.tli:
Fi.s. Rosl., 98?; timiiiaildla lliilin.. :!8(> ? .»; l',<iisil., 210.

white; the base of the fore wings dark, hound beyond by a white line, which
is succeeded by a broader dark l)und; between this and the median dark
band is a wlrtte band varying in width; this band traversed by a dusky line ;
the median band and its discal dot is much as in lacustrafa, but there is apt
to be a decided sinus above the point on the median band ; beyond this band
is a broad, clear, white band, very well marked, and common to both wings;
it is this clear, cons|)icuous l)and which separates tins sjiecies from lacusfrata ;
this band contains a dusky line ; the margin of the wing is dark, traversed by
the usual scalloped line. Hind.wings dusky on the basal lialf, with a distinct
discal dot ; the I:)road white band is situated half-way between tlie discal dot
and the edge of the wing, whicli is dusky, and traversed by a wavy white line.
Length of body, <?,0.40, 9,0.;^6; of fore wing, S, 0.50, 9, 0.50; expanse
of wings, 1.05 inches.

Springfield, Mass., June VI (^Dimmock) ; Cambridge, Mass. (Harris
Coll.) ; Brewster's, N. Y. (Grote) ; Ithaca, N. Y. (Smith) ; Washington, D.
C. (Dodge); Victoria, Vancouver Island. July (Crotch); l^ear Creek, June
21) (Lieutenant Carpenter, Hayden's Survey).

There is uo difference between eastern and Pacific-coast examples, nor
can I see any difference in size or markiniis from European examples received
from Professor Zeller.

The range of this species in the Old World is, according to Staudinger,
as t()llows: Northern Germany; Northern England (including Scotland);
Belgium; ? Southern France; (Switzerland; Galicia : Finland; St. Peters-
l)urg; Southern and Western Russia: Amur.

Larva. — "The caterpillar is stout, rather attenuated at l)otii ends, and
rests with the head tucked in, the anterior part of the l)ody, when disturbed,
being curled in, or curved in tlu^ manner of the Ionic volute ; the head is
brown, beautifully dotted and marked with lilnck; the l)ody is smoky-brown,
delicately motlled and varied; the back may be said to have seven smoke-
colored stripes, alternating with paler stri])es; the medio-dorsal stripe is not
perceptible on either the second or thirteenth segments, l)ut is distinct and
uninterrupted on the third, fourth, tiflh, sixth, seventh, and eighth segments;
it is suddenly dilated anteriorly, and more gradually posteriorly, and is
extrenudy attenuated and scarcely perceptil)le on the remaining segments;
on each of tlu; interstices between the segments, commencing between the
fourth and liflli, is a short, transv(>rsc, r('(hlisli l)an(l, terminated at each

161

exlrcmity by a loiigitiuliiial black spot; (lie retiuiiniiig smok(3-col()ro(l stripes,
three in miiniicr, on each side ot" (lie median sdipc, are scarcely Fusccpdble
of verbal definition; each segment of tlie liellv after the fourdi has a cluster of
lilack dots, which are not present in any other British species of the genus ; but
Mr. Helliiis informs me that niarkiriirs of the same color and character occur
in Cidoria picafa. It feeds on the common chickweed {Alsine medki), and is.
full-fed at the beginning of Augusl. It spins its cocoon on or just und(M- (he
surftice of the earth, and remains in the chrysalis state all the winter. In
captivity, it is sometimes double-brooded, but not in a state of nature.'" — New-
man's British Moths, 159.

RiiEUMAPTERA LUGUBKATA Packard. IMate 9, fig. 8.

" GeoiiHlia liictiiala Denis ami Scliift'., Wieii Verz., 31t), u. Cat."

" Gcometra Iransrirnata Thuuberg, Mus. Nat., To, lig. S, 1788."

"Geometra luctuala Hubii., Btr., ii, 4, 3, T, 1792; Scliiii. Eur., a.>), 179(i."

Cidaria lucJiiala Treits., Scliiii. Eur., vi (ii), 214, 1828.

Melanippc htclimla Diip., Lep. Trauce, viii (v), 28G, }il. V.M, fig. 4, \r*:M>.

BoisO., Geu. Iiid., 21G, 1840.
Lariiilia luctuuria H.-Sch., Schm. Eur., iii, 150, 1847.
Mdauipiie liictitata Giien., Phal., ii, 392, 1857.

Cidaria ohdiwiala Moesclil.. Mouats. Wien, 374, tab. 10, tig. 3, 18(jO.
ilclanippc liictiiaUi Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxv, 1284, 1862.
Melanippc coiicoidala Walk., List Lep. Het. Br Mus., xxv, 1295, 18i;2.
Cidaria litguiiratu Slaudiuger, Cat., 2d eil., 189, 1871.
Jildanippe Kodiakata Pack., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, 23, pi. 1, tiir. 7, 1874.

3 c? and 2 9 . — Body and wings blackish ; body whitish beneath. Fore
wings blackish on basal half, with grayish scales, and a zigzag line just betbre
the black di.scal mark; just beyond the discal dot, a broad whitish band, wider
on the costal than on the inner .edge, diffuse externally; on the inside scal-
loped, and slightly excavated on the median vein ; beyond this band are two
obscure, pale, wavy lines the outer ending on the costa, close to the apex ;
edge of the wing with a narrower l)lack line; fringe paler than in the other
species, checkered with black. Hind wings with a Inoad white band, obscure
on the hind edge, and angulatcd outward just below the middle of the wing;
beneath, both wings white, with wide black borders, but white at base, with
a basal blackish shade; an outer blackish band enclosing (he darker, large,
distinct, oval, discal dot, and below this angulatcd outward ; hind wings white,
with a broad black border, and a narrow dark line just beyond the distinct
black discal dot, which is much smaller than that on the primaries. Legs
blackish, ringed with white
21 p H

1»)2

Leni^th ol' Ixuly, S, 0.;;7-().4ri, 9, 0.;!;-): ..nnrc win<.-, ^, OJyI-OMk 9,
0.48; expanse of wings. 1.00-1. -20 iiichcs.

Hopedale, Lulnmlor (Packard); Quebec, Canada (Belangcr); Bruns-
wick, Me. (Packard); "Lake Athabasca"' (Kenuicott, Grote); "St. :\[adin's
Falls, Hudson's Piver, Terr." (Walker) ; Turkey Creek Junction, Colorado,
June 27 (Mead) ; Kenay, Alaska (Pelirings) ; Kodiak Island, Alaska (Edwards).

Tliis easily recognizable species may b(^ known by the uniformly black
wings, with the broad white band in the middle of both wings; the band vary-
ing much in width, and sometimes entirely wanting on the hinder pair.

Compared w ith an Alaskan example, a Colorado one is larger, with the
white band on the hind wings three times as wide, thus leaving a narrow,
dark margin, and a liiint, dusky shade at the base of the wing. I had regarded
the Alaskan and Maine specimens as quite distinct, and tlie latter as distinct
from the Lalira(hir var. ohductatd; l)ut a Pacific-coast specimen, received
from Mr. Jann's Behrings, labeled "Kenay" (near Kodiak, Alaska), is inter-
mediate bet\\T'en vars. hodiakaia and ohJiictata. The Paciiic-coast individual
has the white band on the fore wings much bent, as in Maine specimens,
and the hind wings almost black, as in var. concordata ; the white line being
almost obsolete. The Labrador individuals are more stunted than the Maine
ones, but both have black hind wings: while the Pacific-coast and Colorado
examples are mncli whiter, with broader white bands. The Alaskan moth
closely resemldes Dupimclicrs figure. Thus tiie Pacific and Colorado forms
resemble the Einoix an much more than the New England and Labrador
examples. It inhal)ils Central Europe, Lapland, tln^, Ural and Altai Mount-
ains, and Amur. It is i (ported by Grote as having ))een collected by Ken-
uicott along the route from the IMackenzie Piver to Lake Athabasca.

Rheumaptkra thistata Packard. Plate 9, fig. !•.

PhaUnia-Cinimitrii tiisliilti Liiiii., Syst. Nat., x, ."i2(), 17.58.

" liorkli., Sclini.'Eiir., v, IM, 1704."
Euljipr trisidlii lliiliii., \'crz., '.Wf<, l!?lS.
Cidaria tnKtata Tn-ils., Scliin. Eur., vi (ii), iilO, 1828.

Mclanippe ti-islata Dup. (" in part'"), Lop. Kranci>, viii (v), -i'.U, pi. I'.Kt, JiK- •'>, ll^^O.
Harpah/cc tristata Stcph., lU., iii, 2"23, 18:U.
Melanippr Iristnria BoLsd., (Ion. Ind., 216, 1H4I).
Lareiilia Irhtaria II.-Si'li., Scliiii. Eiir., iii, 15(1, 1847.
Mclanthia Irintata Stcpli., Cat. Br. Ins., 2l;(, 18:i(l.
ildanlppc trhtiila (jucn. (•' in ]iait"), I'lial., ii, Mini, 18.")7.

WalU.. l.iM l.cp. Urt. Bf. Mn.s., xxv. 128:i, 1HG2.

;> 9 — A small bbick species. Eore winiifs black, with a wavy, cnrved,

basal Hue, bent outward on the median vein; on tlie inner third of the wing
is a double (sometimes single) white line, wav\', with a distinct angle on the
median vein ; a dark, indistinct, discal dot ; about hall"-way between the discal
dot and the outer edge of the wing is a much broader white l)and than the
others, traversed in tlir middle by a l)iacl\ wavy line, (sometimes consisting
ol a row ol'dots); tlic band is irregular, with a iiromiiieni angle in the lirst
median space ; iiall'-way between this band and the edge of the wiuir is-ii
scalloped white line, usually r<'])resented l)y a row of while dots. Hind wings
marked just as in the fore wings; fringe black, checkered with wliite;
beneath, the same as above, with the bands and spots wider, so that then; is
a greater white surtiice than above.

Length of body, 9,0.35; of fore wing, 9,0.45; expanse of wings, 0.90
inch.

This is allied to 11 Itastutd, but diflers in its smaller size, and in the
hinder wings being marked like the anterior pair. Three specimens occurred
at Heaver Creek, near P'air Play, South Park, at the borders of the sur-
rounding mountains, elevation 9,000 feet, or a little over: and at Turk(^v
Creek Junction, Colo., June lfi-25 (T. L. Mead). These examples do not
differ from some received from Europe through Prof P. C. Zeller. 'I'his is
its iinst occurrence in the United States. I am informed by Mr. H. Strieker
that he has a specimen from Labrador which does not ditfer from European
examples. It occurs in Central and Northern Europe and Turkey, and is
reported by Staudinger, with a query, from the Ural Mountains and Amur.

Larva. — "Tiie cater[)illar is cylindrical, slightly attenuated in front, and
rests in nearly a straight posture; l)ut, when disturl)ed, tucks in its head, and
the anterior part of the body is then slightly involute. The head is brown,
dotted with black; the body brown, with a dark, nearly black, narrow, median
stripe; on each side of this are two-white dots on each segment; and on each
side of the body are two narrow, pale, slightly undulating stripes, the lower
of which is immediately above the spiracles; these two stripes are most deli-
cately margined with black. This caterpillar is extremely constant in color.
It feeds on the hedge bed-straw, and is full-fed at the beginning of August.
It spins a .slight cocoon on the surface of the earth, and remains in the chrys-
alis state throughout the winter." — Newman's British Moths, 157.

This species is said to be double- brooded in ]:]urope.

1G4

RiiEUMAPTERA HASTATA Hubnor. I'lilte 9, tigs. 10, 11.

Phalana-Gcometra haxlata Liun., Syst. Nat., 5ii7, 1758.

" Borkl)., Schm. l^ur., 210, 17'.I4."
" dcomelni. hastula Hiibii., Schm. Eur., tab. 49, liR. 250, 179()."
Ilhciimaplirahiiituln lliibii., Tentamen, 180G-10.
Kuliipe hastula Hiibu., Verz., 3-28, 1818.
iMi'tutia huntula Treits., Schin. Eur., vi (ii), 207, 1826.
Xiretw haxlata Stepli., Noniencl. Br. Ins., 44, 13-2i>.
MdanqiiK hastala Dup., Lep. Krauce, viii (v), 282, pi. 190, lig. 3, 1830.

Steph., III., iii, 248, 1831.
Mclatiippt haxtaria 15ois(l., (Jeu. lud., 215, 1840.
Larentla hastaria Il.-Sch., Scbui. Eur., iii, 1.5G, 1847.
ilelanippc hastala Steph., Cat. Br. Lep., 212, 1850.
Mclanq>pc yothivata Gueii., Pbal., ii, 388, 1857.
Melauippc hastala Gueu., Pbal., ii, 389, 1857.

Cklaria golhicala Moesch!., Mouats. Wieu, 374, tab. 10, figs. 4, 5, 1860.
Mdanippe hastata Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xsv, 1282, 1862.
MtlanipiK gnihicala Walk., Li.st Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxv, 1293, 1862.

a (? iiiul 10 9. — This very cliaracteristic and widely-distributed species,
the largest of the genus, is deep-black, including the body and wings, with
slender wliite lines edging the abdominal segments. The fore wings are
black, with two remote, wavy, curved, basal, white lines often wanting; some-
times a third white line is present, situated half-way between the second line
and the outer white band ; it runs next to the obscure, black, discal dot; the
extradiscal white band is sinuous, bent outward in the middle of the wing, and
contains a median row of venular black dots, never united (so far as yet known)
into a continuous line as in F. iristata; sometiriies the black dots are want-
ing; the point of the median angle is sometimes broken off and isolated from
the band as a rhoniboidal white spot; the submarginal white line is usually
more or less obsolete^ Hind wings either wholly black or with traces of a
double median line. Fringe black, more or less distinctly checkered with
white. Beneath, with the same markings as above, but more diffuse.

Some of the Labrador, Alaskan, and Rocky Mountain specimens are
much whiter than usual (as in fig. 11); the lines and bands being wider,
more ditliise, and running into each other; the submarginal band is heavily
scalloped; and on the hind wings are two basal white lines. On the under
side, the white bands and spots are still larger.

Length of l)()dy, <? , 0.45, 9, 0.45; of fore wing, <?, 0.65, 9, 0.65-0.70;
expanse of wings, 1.40 inches.

Okak, Northern Labrador, and Caribou Island, Southern Labrador, July
14, common. Hying in the sunny valleys (Packard); London, Canada (Sann-

165

(Irrs) ; Hniiiswick, Mc, July, aluiiidaiil iliiiiMii ('(Mtaiii yeans (Packard);
AVliitc i\I()uiitaiiis, New Hampsliiri', carl} in Aiigiisl (Packard) ; sides of"
Jldiiiil Washington, July (]\Iorrison) ; Essex County, YornionI, July (Cas-
sino) ; Brookliue, Mass., June 2r)-July 11 (Siiurtlofl) ; ('anibiidge, Mass.,
July 1 (Harris Coll.); Springfield, j\[ass., June 18 (DiuiuKx k) ; Bullalo, N.
Y. (Grote); Oneida, N. Y. (Ilawley); New Jersey (Sachs); Michigan (Mus.
Peab. Acad Sc.) ; Kenosha House, Colorado, Juno 30 (Mead) ; Alaska, com-
mon (Dall): "Vancouver's Island; St. Martin's Falls, Hud^jon's Bay; Canada,
Nova Scotia; East Florida'" (Walker).

This fine moth is the largest species ot" the genus, and may be distin-
guished by its sable hues and the conspicuous white lines and bands. Our
American examples do not diffier specifically from European ones; and I am
inclined to regard E. hashdata Hiibn. and tlntlrartit Stand, (received from
Lapland through Dr. Staudinger) as varieties of this variable; species.

The Old World localities given by Staudinger are: Central and Northern
Europe (excluding !Galicia and the polar regions); Piedmont; Ural and
Altai Mountains ; and Amur.

Larva. — "The head of the caterpillar is of moderate size; the; body,
when at rest, almost straight; the head not tucked in, and hence the anterior
part of the body not involute; the second segment is covered with a shining
plate; the other segments regularly and transversely wrinkled, and of a texture
like leather; the tenth segment is rather the largest, and from tliat the larva
tapers slightly to both extremities; the color of the head is l)lack and shin-
ing; the body is generally Itlack. but sometimes rich black-brown; on each
side is a continuous series of minute black dots, which t"orm a slender lateral
stripe along all the segments except the second and thirteenth ; this stripe is
above the spiracles ; the spiracles are black, and each is enclosed in a white
spot, and below each white spot is a crescentic white marking, the convexity
of which is toward the belly, the cusps toward the back ; above the slender
lateral stripe already described, there is sometimes an interrupted subdorsal
stripe. All these markings vary occasionally from white to l)rick-dust red.
It feeds on birch {Betula alba) and sweet-gale {Myrku gale). The economy,
habit, structure, and distribution of color in tlie caterpillar of Melanippe
hastata are entirely diflferent from those of any other of the genus Melanippe.
It spins together the leaves of its food-plant, and feeds from the inside of the
chamber thus formed; sometimes eating through the substance of the leaf,

at others cafiiii,' only llie iiijpt'r smfacc. It is full-fed toward the end of
August, and soon afterward l)econics a ehrysalis, in which state it passes the
winter." — Newman's British Moths, 157.

Mdanippe reciprocafa Walk, is Odezia albovittata, as I learned from an
examination of the type in the British Museum.

Desidi'rata.

Melanthia condensaia Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., .xxiv, 127i), 1862. —
New York.

MduHthki gratukita Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, 1273, 1862.—
Vancouver's Island.

Melim>i>i>r pn>]ni<iria Walk., List L(^p. Het. Br. Mus., .\xv, 1293, 1862.—
( 'anada.

ANTICLEA Stephens. Plate 1, tig. 11.

AnKobe Hlibii. (iu part), Vcrz., ;i33, 181S.

r'irfrtrifflTreits. (in part), Selim. Eur., vi (ii), 140, 1828.

Ihirpahjce. Stoph. (in part), Nomenel. Br. lu.s., 44, 18^9.

ciddi-ia Diip. (in part), Lep. France, viii (v), U'JS, 1830.

Lumproplerijx Stv-iih. (iu part). 111., iii, 233, 1831.

Aiiticha Stepb., 111., iii, 231!, ISI'.l.

Cidaria Boisd. (in part), Gen. lud., 212, 1840.

I.urentia H.-Scb. (in part), Scbm. Eur., iii. 141, 1847.

f.amproplcryx and Aiiticlca Stcpb., Cat. lir. Lep., 193, 1850.

Aniidca Gueu., Pbal., ii, 404, 1857.

Cidaria Staudiuger, Cat., 78, 1861 ; 2d ed., 1871.

Anticha W'alk., List Lep. Ilet. Br. Mus., xxv, 1299, 1802.

Head considerably broader between the eyes than in Rkeu}naj)tera, and
more so than in Orliipia. The scales on the vertex are raksed in a project-
iiiij, broad, transverse crest. ]\Iale antenna; usually densely ciliated. Palpi
short, hardly passing beyond the front; second joint very broad; third, minute,
conical, concealed by the projecting hairs of the second joint. Fore wings
broader than usual ; otherwise the form of the wing is much as in Rheu-
maptera. The hind win^js differ in being a little more produced than in
RItcKmaptcni. In the venation, the genus differs from both Ochyria and
Rheumaptera in the much shorter first subcostal; the first three subcostal
venules being of the .same length, where they are, in the two above-named
genera, nnc(inal, the hrst l)eing nearly twice as long as the second; two
unequal subcostal cells; tlii' discal venules run directly at right angles to the
costal edge, the ])osferior discal venule not being oblique as usual : in this

i(>T

iTspect, they ;nc as in EupUhccia. riiiul Icos nil her loiiir; taivsi iicuriy as
long as the tibia'. AlHlotncii, in the iiial.'. miicli 1lii,k,T and less tiiftod llian
nsiial. Coloration: ijfray wood-,-,,!,,!-, wilh i.n.niinrnl dark lines cnclo.'ing a
pale median band: the outer witli laryc teelli in tli.' snbeo.stal an<l again in
the median region oIIIk' wing; a ratiier pronuneni, scalloped, dark line on
the hind wings.

Differs from the neighi)oring genera lihiuiiKiplcia and Ocln/iid in the
broader head, short palpi, the tutted vertex, thi' broader fore wings, and more
produced hind wings, as well as the stouter abdomen and the venation. It is,
in the general .shape of the wing.s, elosedy similar to liheumuptem, i)nt. in
coloration, is more likef)- to be eontijunded with (hhi/ria. Guenee says that
in some European .species the antenna' are filiform.

Anticlka VAsiLiATA Guenc'e. Plaid !», fig. 12.

Aiilkha nixitiiitK (ineii., I'lijil., ii, .)(I7, 1S,')7.

Walk., List Lop. Hct. I!r. "Slna.. x.w, KUCi, ISli','.

1 t? and 2 9. — Of a dark-brown, with dark olivaceous line, and blaek-
ish-i)rown bands and lines on the tbre wings. Head with a blaekish-brown
transverse line below the insertion of tin; antennie, and on the anterior edge
of the front blackish-brown. Male antenna- singhw, very finely ciliated. I'alpi
short; terydnal joiid short, projecting but slightly beyond theli-onl of the
hi'ad, tipped with blackish-brown. Fore wings cros.sed by thrcM- well-marked
blackish l)and.s, whitish, the basal conspicuous, heavy, blackish e.xternallv,
with a light inner line, and a mesial still fainter line; the band is slighllv
concave externally, on the outer edge nearly straight and scalloped, there
being two di.stinct scallops in front of and l)ehind the median vein; two faint
brown lines between the Ijasal and median bands, the space l)ein<r faintly
tinged with purplish ; the median band very distinct, blackish-brown, the
inner side heavier, blacker than the outer, witli a liiint, l)rown, median line;
on the inner side, the band is suddenly curved inward between the median
and sidjmedian veins; externally, the iiand curves outward just above ihe
median vein, otherwi.se it is .straight ; in the middle of th(! wing, a clear light
space, nearly twice the width of the median band: Mimetimes the si)ace is
almost white; it encloses a distinct di.scal dot; beycnid the clear median
space is a light-brown space, tinged with dark olive-green, of the same width
as the median space, its inner edge dentate and scalloped, ijeiug par.ilkl with

/

!

168

the outer edge of flie. baud, which is sharply (Icfiiit-d ijy a bluck line edged
exlcniaiiy with white: this line is situated about half-way between the outer
eds^e of the pale band and the outer edge of the wing; just below the costal
eibi^e, it sends oil' two unequal, subacute teeth, the lines twice as large as the
upper, and bordered heavily with black internally ; the line curves in as it
crosses the discal space; in tlie first and second median spaces is a promi-
nent, well-rounded scallop, below whicli the line runs straight to the inner
edge, being three times scalloped in its course; beyond this line, a broad,
dull, purplish shade, tilling in the scallops; a submargiiial, interrupted,
white thread; a conspicuous, dark, oblique, apical streak; tlie usual dark
marginal line; fringe brown, tipped with white. Hind wings washed with
brown, darker beyond the single, extramedial, curved line, which has two
scallops, one in each of the two first median spaces. Beneath, the wings are
less clear than usual, being hnely dusted with brown, clearer on the basal
half, and with two parallel lines, the outer line consisting of venular dots
connected by a faint line; a sidjbasal, black, costal patch. Legs dark, ringed
with whitish. Abdomen brown, with dark transverse lines above, especially
marked toward the Ijase.

Length of body, <? , O.lH, 9 , 0.45; of fore wings, S , 0.60, 9 , 0.63; expanse
of wrings, L25 inches.

London, Canada (Saunders) ; Brunswick, Me. (Packard) ; West Rox-
bury, Mass. (Sanborn) ; Brookline, Mass. (H. K. Morrison) ; West Farms,
N.Y. (Angus); Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef) ; "Canada" (Cluenc'e) ; West Can-
ada; St. Martin's Falls, All)any River, Hudson's Bay (Walker).

This tine moth may l)e known by the consj)icuous, white, mesial band,
and, in rubbed specimens, by the three blackish bands on the fore wings, and
by its olivaceous hue; also, by the dentate and scalloped, very distinct, outer
line, situated in the outer fourth of the wing; by the clear hind wings, with
a single line, and the distinct, apical, oblique line on the fore wings.

T am indel)ted to Mr. H. K. Morrison for the identification of this species.

PHIBALAPl'ERYX Stephens. Plate 1, fig. 12.

Ccciwi-aljx'. //ocisrac, ;irid Orlhonamu Hiiliu., Veiz., 3I!0, 'Si\, 1618.
Aritlalia 'I'lrits., (in part). Si-luii. Eiii'.. vi (ii). .">, 1828.
/';ii/)«/o/)((i7/j-Stc|)li., NoiiK-iicl. Ur. hk-,.. 41, lS2i) ; "Ciit., KiS, 18-«.l."
Lurcniitt Dup. (in pan), Ia'Ii. Ininti^ viii (v), IJOS, 1830.
PhWalapterijx Uteph., HI., iii, irw, 18:41.

Curtis, Bril. Eul., 0-J3, 18:!i;.

169

Lurvnila Boisd. i,iu part), Ciiu. liui./JU-l, Ls.|(l.

H.-Scb.,Soliui. Em-., iii, 141, 1847.
Phihalapta-ijx Stcph., Cat. Br. Lep., 207, 1850.

Gueu., Pbal., ii, 431, IB.".
Cidaria Staiidingcr, Cat., 163, 181)1.
Pliibalapliryr Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxv, 1332, 1862.

Head imicl) as jii Anticlea, with no prominent vertical tuft, however,
but a well-marked intcrpalpal lui't. Palpi broad and stout, but short,
extending but little beyond the front; tlie third joint iiiiiiiite, concealed.
Antennae of male flattened, (incly ciliiited. Fore wings large, l)roader
than usual; apex well produced, siibaciife; outer edge slightly angular in
the middle. Hind wings small, distinctly scalloped, of the same form as
in Ochyria, but with the apex more obtuse; the first subcostal venule is
much longer than the second, though shorter than in Ochyria and Rheti-
maptern ; second and third nearer together than tistud; two subequal sub-
costal cells; second posterior discal vcnid(! l)ent, much as in Ochyria. Hind
legs with the tarsi nearly as long as the tibia'. Abdomen short and thick.
Coloration: either much as in Ochyria or both wings arc crossed by numerous
w^avy lines, mucli as in some species o'^Philcreme.

Our common /'. intestinata is readily recognized by the large tore wqngs
and the small scalloped hind wings, as well as the numerous wavy lines. P.
latirupta, which is like the European P. polygrammata, is marked much as
in Ochyria designata, and has longer palpi than in P. intestinata, and is evi-
dently a connecting link between the two genera.

Larva. — "Caterpillars very long, filiform, a lifth; attenuated in front,
smooth; head leiiticular, flattened, having much-developed maxillary pal[)i ;
living exposed on woody plants, very lively, and rolling themselves into a
helix at the least touch. Chrysalides subterranean." — Guenee.

Synopsis of the Species.

Much like Ochyria designata, except tbat the hiud wings aie scalloped P.Jaiiriipta.

Much larger auU darker, with more deepIy-.scalloped hind wings and longer fore wings P. intestinata.

Phibalapteryx latirupta Walker. Plate 8, figs. 04, 65.

Phibalaptcryx latirupta Walk. ! !! {fide Grote), List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., ssxv, Snppl., pt. 5, Iti-'l, 1666.
Cidaria Ltscinata Zeller!!!, Verh. Bot. Zool. Ges. W'ieu, xxiii, 205, 1873.

8 (? and S 9. — Antennse flattened and ciliated finely on the edges; joints
two-thirds as long as broad. Pal|)i shorter and thicker than usual, blackish, a
little paler at tip above. Fore wings pale cinereous; on outer half and at base
22 p H

170

jaiiitly roseate; a basal, double-curved, black line, edged within with roseate;
beyond, a middle, bhick-l>rown, double line; the outer line very linear, enclosing
a roseate line, a little dilated inward on the custa; discal dot round, black, in
a clear band of pale-ashen ; the extradiscal band, consisting of a sinuate black
line or lines, shading diffusely, especially at its lower end; opposite the discal
dot it nearly disappears, sending a zigzag faint line straight to the inner edge;
beyond is a row of black points, still beyond which is a submarginal, zigzag,
white line, most angulated near the apex ; a submarginal ifow of black lunules
toward the a[)c.\, becoming linear in the middle and at the inner angle of the
wing; fringe pale-ashen, with a roseate tint, paler on the outer half Hind
wings pale-ashen, with a slight roseate tinge, with numerous dark lines on the
hind edge; an outer row of dark dots, and a submarginal, zigzag, white line;
edge of wing well scalloped ; liinjze long, with a small, rather obscure, discal
dot; beneath, pale-ashen, with thick, broad scales, luteous at base, scarcely
arranged in lines, and thicker at the base of'tiie wing. Body and legs beneath
pale.

Length of l)ody, 0.36 ; of fore wing, 0.46 ; expanse of wings, 0.75-0.95
inch.

New York (Angus, Mus. I'eab. Acad. Sc.) ; Wisconsin (Mus. Peab. Acad.
Sc.) ; Central ]\Iissouri, at ligiit in June (Riley) ; Waco, Tex., March 21-29,
September 21-29.

It is evident from these dates that it is double-brooded in Texas.
A variety ( |)late 8, fig. 65) received from Texas (Belfrage), and taken
March 12, is rather large, expanding 0.95 inch, with the fore wings more acute
than usual. The general tint is as usual; but the basal line is darker and
heavier, the middle line very broad and black, twice as wide as usual, and the
outer side of the median band is heavier and darker than usual.

1 confess that at first I regarded this species as an Ochyria, closely allied
to O. designuta. It differs in the large number of lines in the middle of the
fore wings and the nuvny-lineated scalloped hind wings. It is closely allied
to the European 7'. jwhjgra/iunata.

Phibalapteryx intestinata Guenee. Plate 9, fig. lij.

I'hihuhqita-jix iiilcKtiiKila Uiio'i. !, Plial., ii, 4:'>2, 1857.

Walk. !, Li.st Lep. Met. Br. Mu.s., xxv, i:!37, 1862.

2 c? and 4 9. — A large species, with the fore wings large, the costa
ijuite full toward the apex, and the outer edge very oblique. It is dull ash-

171

colored, witli about, twelve l)la(k lines on I lie, lore wings, and al)out the suiih^
miinbcr on the hind wings. Tiic lines are black, very ol)li(|uc, l)ccoming
scalloped toward the outer edge, beyond the distinct discal dot; the third line
beyond the discal dot is double, with long, regular scallops; the two next
lines are near together, and close to the sui)mari:inal. zi<rzag, while line;
opposite each point ol' the white scallop is a marginal black dot, adjacent to
tl'i- marginal, black, interrupted line; fringe ])ale, checkered with i)rown.
Hind wings marked lik(^ tlu; anterior pair, with the edge well scalloped;
l)cneatli, the wings are paler and clearer, with the l)lack discal (h)ts larirer and
very distinct, with taint traces of the extradiscal lines.

Length of body, (?,0.45, 9, 0.50; of fore wing, J, 0.65, 9, 0.70; expanse
of wings, 1.40-1.45 inches.

Brunswick, Me. (Packard); Portland, Me. (Morse); Salem, Mass., August
24 (Putnam J ; Bmokline, ]\Iass., xVugust 2ii (Shurtlelf) ; Boston, Mass., June
10 (Minotj; Cambridge, Mass. (Harris Coll.); Natick,. Mas.s. (Stratton);
Amherst, Mass. (Goodell) ; West Farms. N. Y. (Angus); "Canada" (Gucnee);
"Canada, Florida, Georgia" (Walker); Montreal, Canada (Lyman).

HYDRIA Hiibuer.

Hi/dria Hiibn., Teutameu, 1806-10.

Calocalpc lliibu., Verz., 330, 1818.

Acidalki Trcits. (iu part), Schiu. Eui-., vi (ii), 52, 1828.

Larciitla Dii]). (in part), Lep. Fraucc, viii (v), 3.">8, i83().

Eucoxmia Stej)!!., 111., iii, 26'^, 1831.

Lareulia Boisd. (in i)a!t), 204, 1840.

ll.-Scli. (iu part), Schm. Eur., iii, 141, 1847.
Calocalpe S'epli., Cat. Br. Li-p., 210, 1850.
Scotosia Gnen. (iu part), Pbal., ii,440, 1857.
I'AWOnmia Staiidinger, Cat., 78, ISGl.
.Sco/osia Walk, (in part), List Lep. Hi-t. Br. Mns., xxv, 1342, 1802.

The head is as in Philereme ; but the palpi are much shorter, passing
but little beyond the head, and with the third joint sharp, minute, partly con-
cealed by the hairs of the second joint. Anlennre simple, not ciliated.. Fore
wings large and broad, but not so nuich larger than the iiind wings as in Pld-
lereme, and not so ialcate ; apex obtuse, outer edge slightly less ol)ru[iie than
in Fliilcreme, and not scalloped. Hind winiis much lomrer and larger, with
the apex not produced, much more rounded than usual; outer edge full and
rounded, slightly excavated below the a[)ex, but not scalloped; inner edge
with an ear and prominent tutt, much as in PliUert'tne. Venation: as in Thi-
lereme', but the second subcostal venule is longer and more parallel to the

172

cosla. Hind legs rather thick ; tarsi as long as the tibite. Abdomen very
tliifk ; cxtreniity large and conical, nut tutted as in Philcrt'me. Coloration :
■botli wings crossed by distinct, uniform, scalloped, alternating white and dark
lines.

This genus is recognizable from the distinct, zigzag, white and dark
stripes, the long hind wings, beautifully tufted, but not scalloped, us well as
by the short jialpi and the want of an infra-anal double tuft.

Hydria undulata Hiibner. Plate 9, fig. 17. ^

ffi/dria iixdulatd Hiil)U., Tent;imen, 180Ci-10.
Calocnipe iiiidiihita HUbu., Verz., 330, ltfl8.
Jcidalia midiilnia Treits., Si-bni. Eur., vi (ii), 153, 1H28.
Laniitia undulata Dui)., Le]i. Fiance, viii (v), 377, 1830.
Eiiconmin iiiidulalu .SU'ph., 111., iii, ".^65, 1831.
tarenlia undulata Boisil., Gen. led., 20."i, 1840.

H. Scb., Schm. Eur., 144, 1847.
Caloialpr undulata .Stppb., Cat. Br. Lcp., 'JIO, 18.')0.
Scotosia undulata GuiMi. !, Phal., ii, 4411, 18.')7.
Eucosmia undulata Stau<linger, Cat., 78, 18G1.
Scotosia undulata Walk.!, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxv, 134(i, 1862.

5 <i and 5 9. — Body and wings pale fawn-brown. Fore wings with
about twelve well-marked, white, scalloped, parallel, apj)roximate lines,
becoming more deeply scalloped beyond the discal spot, which is large, black,
with one of the dark lines runniny- throuifh it ; the l)ro\\ii lines alternatinir
with the white ones liecome blackish toward the base of the wing; the sub-
marginal white line is more zigzag than the others, and situated half-way
between the edge of the wing and the next white line. On the hind wings
are al>()nt six light lines, becoming whitish toward the outer edge of the
wing, as well as more zigzag; the lines are heavier than on the fore wings;
beneath, the wings are clearer, with the lines more or less obsolete, and the
discal dots large and distinct.

Length of body, <?,0.50, 9,0.50; of fore wing, (?,0.75, 9,0.75; expanse
of wings, 1.55 inches.

lirunswick, Me., common about houses (Packard) ; Essex County, Ver-
mont, July (Cassino) ; White Mountains, August 13 (Shurtlefr) ; Cambridge,
Ma.ss., June 24, October 10 (Harris Coll.); Brookline, Mass., August 6
(Shurtleff); West Roxbury, i\[a.ss. (Sanl)orn) ; Amherst, Mass. (Goodell) ;
West Farms, N. Y. (Augu.s) ; Easton, Pa. (Stultz) ; New Jersey (Sachs);
Black Hawk, Colo., elevation about 8,000 feet, July 2, several taken in a guldi
iil)ov(! the town (Packard, lluyden's Survey); Victoria, Vancouver Island
(Crotch).

I7:i

Tliis coiiiinoii and widcly-distrihiitcd species iiiaj^ 1»(! known l)_y its large
size and nnnierons, allernaliiig, \vhit(! and l)r()\vn, scalloped lines on a clear
fawn-brown irround. The circiiinslanc(;s under wliich (his species occurred
in Colorado show plainly lliat it is iinlii^fcnous in America.

The west-coast and Colorado examples are a little larger (fore wing, 9,
0.80) than eastern examples (fore wing, 9, 0.70).

Larva. — ".Mr. lieauchamp has liivored me with the following life-liistory
of this species : '1 took a fenial(> in 1S(!1. She laid me some small, oval,
wliitish eggs on the under side of a sallow-leaf, generally in the hollow Ijy
the side of the midrili or some other rib, often two or more on a leaf, but
never adjoining eacli other. 1 transixirred them to a yoinig tree growing in
a pot. As soon as hatched, the caterpillars spun a web resembling that of
the Ypon077ieutida-, iu\(\ sometimes, like them, several together. When a little
older, they bent and fastened leaves together, and ale througii the walls of
their dwelling until they left only a skeleton, when the}' went on to another
place to behave in a similar maimer. They were very sluggish, not taking
the trouble to push their tails outside, so that, when they had eaten the walls
of their tent, the lower part formed a bag full of their excrement. They
usually lay curled up in their tent, and all mine continued to dwell under
cover until they went down. I think I never saw them outside, except when
they were removing, and once when they had eaten their plant down to the
stump. Then they crawled about uneasily until fresh tbod was introduced.
When full-grown, they were scarcely an inch long, and reminded me some-
what of the caterpillars o? Eupitkecia i^cnoxata in their general appearance. I
proceed to give a description of them: — Short and stumpy, with a few very
short hairs; head small, shining-brown, the two upper lobes round and con-
spicuous; dorsal line brown, bordered on the upper side by a slender, broken,
whitish line (perhaj)s this is the true subdorsal) ; spiracular line broad, dirty-
white, puckered; the ground-color alxjve the spiracular line varies from pale
flesh-color to dark-brown, the belly from pale-gray to dark-gray ; in the
dark specimens, the dorsal line is scarcely perceptible, but the subdorsal (?)
is perceptibly darker; on the upper side of each of the anal claspers there is
a large blackish spot, in addition to which light specimens have a blackish
s[K)t on the centre-piece of the anal segment. Tiie chrysalis is in rather
a slight earthy cocoon. I kept mine in a tireless attic."'' — Newman's British
Moths. 179.

174
PHILEREME Hiibner. I'lair 1. Ilir. 13.

Philcreme Hiibu., Verz., 330, 161S.

.•I«*(/in Ti-eits. (iu purt), Schiii. Eiir., vi (ii), M, li3JH.

Scolosia Steph., Nomeucl. Br. Iii.s., 44, ISM; "Cat. Br. L.-p.. ii, 139, 18*)."

Lareulia Dup. (in part), Lep. Fraucc, viii (v), 3o8, 1^30.

Scoiosia Stepb., 111., ili, S-jO, 1.s;U.

Lareiitia Boisil. (in part), Geu. lud., 204, lrj40.

H.-Seli., Scbm. Eur., iii, 141, 1847.
Seoiosia Giieii. (in part), Pbal., ii, 440, If-Tw.

Stauilinger, Cat., 78, 18GI.

Walk, (in part), List Lop. H.-t. lii\ .Miis., xxv, VM>, 1862.

Head rather narrow between tlie eyes, with an interpalpal tuft. Palpi
rather long and slender, projecting well in front of the head ; tliird joint free
from the second. Male antenna; .scarcely ciliated. Fore wings subfalcate,
with Ihe ape.\ much produced and very acute; outer edge very ()l)rKpu',
slightly scalloped. ' Hind wings short, much produced toward the ape.x, which
is much more acute tliaii in Ht/driiiov Tri/>//()st/: outer edge deeply scalloped,
mori' so than usual; males witli an exjiansicui ot the inner edge, and a long,
narrow brush of hairs below; the first subcostal venule is long, the second
and third short, their origins remote from that of thetirst; two subcostal
cells. Hind legs, with the tarsi, as long as the tibiae. Male al)domen large
and stout, thick, with a large, infra-anal, broad, long tuft appressed to the side
before the thick conical extremity. Coloration: dark, with numerous indis-
tinct common lines, and an extradiscal heavier line common to both wings.

This tine genus diOers from Hijdria or Tripltom in the acute fore wings
and hind wings. From Hijdria it diilers also in the longer palpi, the much
smaller hind wings, and in both pairs l)eing scalloped. The ear-like projec-
tion on the inner edge of the hind wing is much as in that genus. The
species differ in the degree of acuteness of the fore wings and of the scallop-
ing. In P. albo.signata, the outer edge of the hind wings is bent a little,
where it is not so in P. meadiata.

Synojjsis of the Species.

Tlio smallest species; dark, with a distinct, wbitisb, u.Ktradiscal, scalloped line; hind .

wings l)nt slightly scalloped P. aUiosignaia. \

Very dark ; a little larger than alboaUjnata ; hind wings more scalloped /'. califoniiata "X

A distinct, dark, extradiscal line; hind wings with five large scallops P. mcadiatn. lu

Phileeeme albosignata Ptu'kard. Plate 9, tig. 14.

I'MhahtiiUrijj- hilrnlhiatii Walk. ! ! ! (in Jiart), List Lep. Het. Br. iMus., xxv. 1337, 186-2.
.Sivtmia tiU/osKjiiala Pack., Filth Kep. I'cab. Acad. Sc, 61, 1873.

4 (? and 2 9. — In this speeies, the fore wings are entire, ihe hinder pair

17.")

Imt sliulidy sciilli)|>c(l, Ikmho rather Hiiclv (Icntatc. ( "oiiipaicd willi /'. iitnlu-
Idta, llic wiii^s arc iiiiicli smaller, the Ixxlv rather laiirer, and the liiiul uiuirs
more deeply and acutely dentate, liody and winirs dark wood-brown, the
winijjs eovercd i)y line, dai^k, irrcifnlai'ly-scall()|ied lines, Iniinin:^ dark \cnnlai'
points. l"\)re wiiias with an indistinct, iiasal, w lillish line, an^ndatcd on the
costa ; a similar one heyond, waved between the veiinlcs: and an onter white,
irrcsiidar, scalloped line, there Ix'iniitwo ^nand scallops projectinir out ward
in the first and second median cells; a snbmaiirinal, oi)scnre, liall-eH'ai-ed,
zigv-ag line; three rows ol white vennlar points (ol'ten olisolete) between these
last two lines: a mai'ginul idw of white dots between tln^ end of" the veiniles
and the hind wini;s at the bottom of each scallo]); fringe dark-i)rown ; nnder
side i)ale-irrav, dusted, and with five or six wavv,.l)la(d\ish, obscure lines, with
dusky scales ])et\veen, the outer snbniarainal line lorming a broad, l)lackisl)
shade on the fore wirjgs, mingled with the broad, l)la(d\ish borchsr; also a
suiimarginal row of whitish i)oinls on i)oth wini^s.

Length of i)ody, c? , 0.52, 9,0.45; of t'ore wing, <? , O.'IO, 9, 0.(i2: expanse
of wings, l.,"55 inches.

Virginia (Clraef ) ; North Carolina (Dr. Kneeland, ]\Ius. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist.) ; Georgia and Alabama (Grote) ; Te.xas, July, September, and October
(Belfrage); "Florida, Georgia" (Walker); Bermuda Islands (J.M.Jones).

This species may be known l»y the dark-brown color and the uunsually
blackish lines and border of the wings beneath. The fore wings arc much
as in F. californiata, but the hind wings are much less deeply scalloped.

PniLEREME CALIFORNIATA Packard. Plate 9, fig. 15.

Scofosia iiili/oniiala Pack., Proc. Bust. Soc. N:it. Hist., xiii, :«1!:», IH71: xvi, pi. 1, fig. 1-2, 1874.

It is duU-asii; palpi l)lackish. Fore wings crossed by very fine, iininer-
ons, wavy, parallel, i)lack lines; l)ase of wing dull-ash, crossed by a sUmder
black line, and edged with Idack, Ijeyond which is a pale, whitish line, suc-
ceeded by a broad dusky band, and beyond is a whitish band, situated on the
basal third of the wing; l)eyond are tbnr bla(d\, wavy lines, crossing tlx^
middle of the wing; three sul)marginal, black, finer lines, and w(d[ marked
on the costa, l)elow consisting of vennlar black dots: a marginal, zii^zag, dis-
tinct, black liiK!; fringe dull-ash. Hind wings clear, much paler, without
any bands except four short, wavy lines near the inner angle; a black, ziiizag.

17()

mars^iiial line I'ollowiiig tlic deep jXHiit!;; of" the well-scalloped edge of the
will"-; beneath, the wing is clear and paler than above, but yet rather dusky,
with black costal bands, and two obscure rows of testaceous venular spots;
the zigzag marginal line is very distinct. Hind wings thickly dusted with
black scales, with three obscure rows of vcnulni' dots on the outer half of the
wing, and the marginal black line very distinct ; the discal dots small, but
present on each wing. Legs black, ringed with white.

Length of body, (?,0.r(), 9,0..50; of fore wing, J, 0.70, 9,0.75; expanse
of wings, 1.2S-1.50 inches.

California (Edwards) ; Sanzalito, Cal, February 8, September 24, Octo-
l)er 7 (Ijchreus).

This species may lie known liy its dark wings., the hinder pair being
moie deeply scalloped than in P. olhosignatd.

Compared with Tnphom dtthitata, tlie ajtex is more pointed, the costal
edge less rounded, and the pal))! are stouter and shorter.

PuiLtREME MEADiATA Packard. Plate 9, tig. IG.

,S'c«/(),v((i. jiifadii Pncl;., Sixth Rep. Peab. Acad. St-., 41, 1>^74.

B (?. — This is structurally closely allied to S. californiata Pack.; the
hind wings being deeply scalloped. It differs, however, in the fore wings
being rather larger in proportion to the hind wings, and the scallops on the
hind wings are larger and shallower. The lines on the fore wings are
more distinct, with a distinct discal dot. Body and wings cinereous; the
ground-color darker than in P. californiata. Fore wings with three double,
wavy, blackish, parallel lines before the distinct discal dot; beyond, a scal-
loped dusky line, and nearly lialf-way between the discal dot and the outer
edge of the wing a double scalloped line, making a large acute angle opposite
the apex of the wing, and well scalloped bejow the third median venule ; a
submarginal, faint, white, zigzag line ; a marginal black line; fringe paler,
conc()lorous with the wing. Hind wings (;oncolorous with the fore wings,
scarcely darker cxternaHy tiian toward the base, witii five scallops edged with
lilack ; a faint discal dot; beneath, paler than above, grayish fawn-color, with
tli(! discid (lots bliick. prominent, those on the tore wings twice as large as
tiiose on the hind wings; four dark costal spots, flic two outer sending off
liiinf, wavy, dusky lines toward tlie middle of the wing, which, between the
outer line and the apex, is faintly spotted with white and dark cm the venules.

177

Hind wiiiiis witli ;i laii;r double hiiiicli oi" liiiiis poiiiliiijr upward and down-
ward. Al)donic'ii widi a pencil ol hairs around Ihe under sido near the tip.
Leuijlh of body, (?,0.50; oriurewing, o',0.77; expanse of win <rs, l.fJO
iuclies.

This is very nearly allied to P. rhamnafu of Kurope. My specimens are
all in bad condition, l)nl the species is so well marked as to l)e recognizable
from the above description and the figure.

TlilPHOSA Stephens.

Pkrocymia Iliibii. (in part), Verz., 330, 1818.

Aiidalia Tieits. (iu part), Sclim. Eur., vi (ii), 52, 182S.

rriphoia Stepli., Nonionel. Br. Ins., 44, 1829; "Cat. ]ir. Lci).,ii, 139, 1829."

Lanntia Dup. (in part), Lcp. France, viii (v), 358, 1830.

Triplma Stepli., 111., iii, 259, 1831.

I.urcntia Uoisil. (in part), Gen. Ind., 204, 1840.

Il.-Scb. (iu part), Scbni. Kur., iii, 141, isj".
Triphosa Stopb., Cat. Br. Lcp., 209, 1850.
IScolosia Guon. (iu part), Pbal., ii, 440, 1857.
Triphosa Stamlinger, Cat., 78, 181)1.
Scotosia Walk, (in part), List Ltp. Ilct. Br. JIus., xxv, 1342, 1862.

Head as iu Philereme. Palpi much longer than in that genus, extending
far beyond the head ; third joint not easily distinguishable. Male antenna;
very finely ciliated. Fore wings short and broad; costa much arched toward
the rectangular ape.x; outer edge much less oblique than usual, deeply scal-
loped. Hind wings long, extending well beyond the end of the abdomen;
the inner edge long, with no ear or brush, the outer very deeply scalloped,
much more so than in any other genus of the sul)family, the points of the
scallops being very long and acute. Venation: \m\v\\ nti m Philereme ; the
inner subcostal cell much smaller than the outer. Hind legs as in Philereme..
Abdomen long and slender, with lateral crests, and a well-marked, square,
long, anal tuft. Coloration : much as in Philereme.

This genus differs from Philereme in the long palpi and abdomen, and
the very deep, sharp scallops in the hind wings espeeially. It comprises the
largest species of the subfamily.

Tkiphosa dubitata Stephens. Plate 9, fig. 18.

Fhalmm-Gcomcira dithitalu Linn., Syst. \at., x, 024, 1758.

" Gcomctra duhitala Hiibn., Scbni. Eur., tab. 51, lij;. 2G5, 179G."

Acidali(t duhilata Treits., Scbni. Knr., vi (ii),(J9, 1828.

Tr.phosa diibilala Stepb., Nonioucl. Br. Ins., 44, 1829.

Larcntia duhitala Dn]i., Lep. France, viii (v), 362, pi. 195, tig. 5, 1830.

Triphosa d-Mlata Stcpb., III., 111,202, 1831.

23 p n

178

Larciiliu duhiliuia ]ii)isil., (ieii. 1ml., 205, 1840.

H.-Soh., Schm. Eur., iii, 142, 1847.
TriphoM iluhitata Stepli., Cat, Br. Lep., 209, 1850.
Scolosia hwaitata Gucn., Plial., ii, 444, 1857.
Scotoaia duhltala Gvieii., Phal., ii, 445, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Hct. Br. Miis., xxv, 1342, 1862.

3 (? and 1 9. — This is a large, pale-cinereous species, with a reddish
tinge. The fore wings are crossed by three reddish, zigzag bands, the basal
one being curved angularly on the costa; beyond are three very zigzag lines,
interrupted by two paler bands ; the middle reddish band is less curved than
the basal one, accompanied on the inner side by a dusky band; this line
contracts slightly opposite the small, dark, narrow, oblique, discal spot, which
is nearer the line tlian in the European specimen ; this line also contracts on
the inner edge; the outer line is irregularly scalloped, but is straight on the
costa, with a subacute, curved angle on the lower subcostal nervule, below
which is a broad, regular sinus, rounded out, terminating in the middle of the
first median space, but not nearly upon or just below the first median nerv-
ure, as in the English specimen ; below, tiie line is regularly scalloped
between the nervules ; beyond, the submarginal line is much more dusky
than in the English moth, with two faint rows of white strigse on the nerv-
ules, with a distinct, white, submarginal line, and a l)lack, linear, scalloped
line; fringe dusky. The hind wings are crossed hy two distinct, but ralher
diffuse, dusky, submarginal lines, which are more distinct beneath, and do
not appear in the English specimen ; beneath, it is more dusky than in the
specimen from England, with the outer line on the fore wing differing from
the European moth as described above.

Length of body, J, 0.70, ?,0.r)5; of fore wing, c?, 0.1^5, 9,0.80; expanse
of wings, 2.00 inches.

Caribou Island, Straits of Belle Isle ; Montreal, Canada (Lyman); Eagle
Lake, Northern Maine, early in September' (Packard) ; Brookline, Mass.,
May 21 (Shurtleff) ; Sierra Nevada, Cal. (Edwards).

Specimens of this species, which were collected in Hudson's Bay Terri-
tory by Barnston, and also in Canada^ were referred by Mr. "Walker, in the
Catalogue; of the Lepidoptera in the British Museum, to a variety of the com-
mon European dah'Uata.

Our Lalirador species agrees well with a specimen from the Fish River
Lakes in NorlJKM-n j\laine; and they seem to present indications of a climatal
varicl) (.l(he European form. We have compared a Labrador and a Maine
Spccinu'U \\i(h a .single flugli.sh s|H'ciuiru.

170

'I'lm ( 'iilil()nnaii cxaiiiiilfs (<S. Iiiciituta (jiicii.) arc coiKsiclcruljly largcir
(liaii caslcni cxatnplcs, with (as Guent'e remarks) tlie wings more poiiiUiil.
Length of wing in Californian exauiple, O.f'5 : in the Maine one, 0.80 inch.

Larva. — "Mr. Crewe thus describes the caterpillar: 'The ground-color
is pale 3-elIowish-green, with two whitish-yellow, central, dorsal stripes ; there
are two subdorsal stripes also whitish-yellow; ihc spiracular si ripe is Itright-
yellow^and orange ; the back and sides are occasionally studded witii a few
black tubercles, and always with a few short, wdiitish hairs; the belly is desti-
tute ot" markings. It feeds on the common buck-1 liorn {RJuimnus catharticus),
and is full-fed about the middle of June, when it i'orins an earthen cocoon,
and therein changes to a dark reddish-brown (hrysalis.'" — Newman's British
Moths, 176.

lierrich-Schaeffer states that in Europe the larva feeds on the sloe or
wild plum, " stone-fruit," and white-thorn.

The moths fly in June and September in Eui'ope and this country.

LOBOPHORA Curtis. Plate 1, figs. 14, 14a.

TrkUopteryx Hubii. (iu i>ait), Verz., 323, 181S.
Lohophora Curtis, Brit. Eiit., 81, 18^5.
Acidalia Treits. (in p.trt), Scbm. Eiir., vi (ii), .5, 1828.
Lobophora Stepb., Nomeucl. Br. Ins., 44, 1829.
Amathia Dnp., Lep. France, viii (v), 480, 1830.
Lohophora Steph., 111., iii, 276, 1831.

Boisd., Gen. Ind., 207, 1840.

H.-Sch., Scbni. Eur., iii, 178, 1847.

Stepb., Cat. Br. Ins., 191), 1850.

Lederer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wieu, 249, 1853.

Guen., Phal., ii, 364, 18.57.

Standinger, Cat., 77, 1801.

Walk., List L.p. Het. Br. Mus.

Head large, front broad and fidl, more so than usual. Palpi slender,
varying much in length, usually not extending beyond the front; but in X.
viridata of great length, extending beyond the head by a distance equal to the
length of the latter; third joint small, conical, almost' indistinguishal)le from
the second joint. Male antennse very slender, not ciliated, aimulated. Fore
wings broad and triangular, or long and rather narrow, but the degree of
fullness of the costal and outer edge the same: when tlic wing is lon<j and
narrow, the outer edge is oblique; costa straight ; apex ol)tusc. Hind wings
either short or moderately long, tlu; apex suddenly subacute; outer edge
short, rounded ; at the base of the inner edge of the wing, iu the male, a
prominent oval or linear swelling. Venation: one, usually two, very unequal

180

subcostal ('(ills ; the inner, when present, 8inall ; the first three siil)Costal
v<'miles v(!ry short ajul equal in lengtli ; the two discal venules are, in their
united course, oblique. Male hind legs long and slender; tarsi sometimes
of unusual length, much longer than the tibia?. Abdomen long and slender,
sometimes extending beyond the hind wings. Coloration: the wings are
thinl}' covered with scales; they are pale, often almost whitish, with dark,
wavy lines especially marked on the veins, wiiile the hind wings are clear, or
witii a single faint line.

This genus is at once recognizable by the small hind wings, which only
extend in ilight as far as the inner angle of tlie fore wings; by the prominent
lobe on' the hind wings in the male; and by the large, full head, and slender,
usually lather short, palpi. In some of the characters, the genus closely
approaches Glaucoiytenjx, and also Eupitluxia, so that the long-winged species
may be mistaken tor those of the latter genus, the writer having erred in this
respect. Fig. 14 ^ represents the venation of L. montanala. The second
cross-cell beyond the anterior discal appears to be an anomaly.
It is possible that Eupitliecia cretaceata belongs to this genus
Larva — "Cateriullars of medium length, smooth, velvety, not attenu-
ated, with distinct lines; head heart-shaped, with prominent anal points.
Living exposed on trres or shrubs. Cliry.salides subterranean.'" — Guenee.

Si/i/ap.sis of the Species.
A. Fore wings short and broad; hind wings very short:

Fore wingN bro:iil<T tlian in any otber species; hind wiuf^.s white, with no lines

except the marginal i. ineqnaliala. '

Fore wings broad and short ; discal dots distinct; two broad, flesh-colored bauds. i. montanala. ^
Fore wings rather broad, greenish ; hind wings smoky L. riridata.

]j. Fore wings long and narrow; hind wings long :

Fore wings very acnte ; \vhitish-ash, with a broad, smoky shade beyond the estra-
disc.al line ; discal dot linear, and eontluent with a black streak on median
vein ; otherwise much as in the next species .-. L. rernaia.

White, tinged with pale-greeu, with a deeply-sinuate est radiscal line touching the
discal dot, and a double, sinuous hair-lino fialf-way betwceu the extra-
discal and outer edge of the line L. unguiUncata.

Like iinijnilinialii, but larger, and with heavier, less sinuous lines; the snbmarginal

regularly scalloped, chalky-white, with several scalloped dark lines L. yeminala.

LoBOPiioRA iNEQUALiATA, .sp. liov. Plate 9, fig. 20.

1 ?■ — Fore wings short and very l)road; outer edge as long as the inner;
apex ."-ubrectangnlar. Hind wings very short and small, the apex subacnie.

181

13(i(ly and I'oro wings pale-gray, tlu; latter crossed In nnmerons dark-lirou n
lines; a double l)asal line, scarcidy bent on the costa, succeeded by a broad,
dilliise, dusky band, irregular on the edges : just before the niiddh; of" the
wing, and separated tVoni the broad band l)y a narrow whitish space, is a
double line, irregularly sinuous in its course: on tlie outer hall' of tiie wing
are l()nr indistinct scalloped lines, especially marked on the veins; a large,
dark apical cloud and two twin ])atclies lielow the apex; fringe dirty-white,
checkered indistiiu'tly witii brown. Iliiul wings \vhit(\ with a W'w dusky
scales near the outer edge ; a black marginal liiu>; fringe white. No discal
dots to be seen above, but beneath ore tour, those on the fore win<rs l)eing
linear; a slightly-marked extradiscal scalloped line; but the entire under side
is dirtv-white.

Length of body, 9, O.iJo ; of fore wing, 9, O.o8; expanse of wings, 1.15
inches.

Long Island, X. Y. (II. K. Morrison).

This species belongs to the same section as L. moiitaimta, but the fore
wings are still broader and the markings very different It also differs in the
hind wings being unspotted, except the usual marginal line, and in the al)sence
of the discal dots on the upper side.

LoBOPHORA MONTANATA Packard. Plate 9, iig. 21.

Lobophora montaiiata Pack., Sixth Eep. Peab. Aead. Sc, 40, 1874.

3 9. — Closely allied to L. ]i(dferata and carp'wata of Europe and iVsia.
The fore wings large and l)roadly triangular; the hind winirs very small,
short, and trianirular: the apex much pointed. I'ody and winirs whitish-ash.
Head and palpi darker. Fore wings with a liroad, dark, Itasal band, widest
on the costa: a median paler band, dark on the costa, and enclosing the sid)-
linear, rather large, discal spots; edge of wing with a broad, blackish border,
the veins darker; a row of fine black dots on the extreme edge; fringe white
on both wings. Hind wings dull-white, with a faint, dusky margin along the
outer edge; a faint, minute, discal dot; a very narrow black line on the
extreme edge of the fringe; l)eneath whitish, tinued with pale tlesli-rolor
along the costa; discal dots larger than above, distinct: beyond are two
dusky, scalloped lines, t!ie inner sinuous and antrulatcd belo\N' the costa. the
outer most distinct on the venules; these lines coninnni to both wing>. Fore
legs dusky ; liind legs whitish.

1S2

Length of body, 0 40; of fore wing, 0.54; breadth, 0.28; of hind wing,
0.38; breadth, 0.25 ; expanse of wings, 1.10-1.15 inches.

Quebec, Canada (Belanger) ; Andierst, Mass., June 21 (L. W. Goodell) ;
Colorado, June 28 (T. L. Mead);. Montreal. Canada (Caulfield).

L. halterata, to which this species seems nearest alhed, occurs in Cen-
tral and South Europe and Middle Lapland, while L. carpinata is found in
Central and Southern Europe, and also Eastern Siberia, the Ural Mountains,
and Amur.

The specimens from Quebec and Amherst, Mas.s., difler from the Colo-
radian example in being whiter, with less of a flesh-colored tint, and with the
lines less distinct on the hind wings; Init there is no essential difference in
the markings.

LoBOPHORA viRiDATA Packard. Plate 9, fig. 19.

Lohophimi riiidata Pnck., Fifth Rep. Peab. Ai-iul. Sc, 56, ln7;i.

2 <? and 1 9. — Hpa<l greenish, with ashen and blackish scales. Palpi
of great length, porrect, large and stout, bhick, with a few light-cinerecnis
.scales; at extreme tip whitish. Fore wings diffusely greenish along the costa;
median vein and inner margin willi l>lack striga' and scales; a broad, basal,
black, curved line, dentate on fhe internal vein and widening on the costa;
bevond, a broad, greenish Ijand, with several rows of black, longitudinal
striga?; a broad, mesial, dark Inmd, (me-half as wide on the internal edge as
on the costa, dusky, with black s(;ales and streaks, and on the outer edge
enclosing at the base of the ilrst nu'dian space a green patch, also a broad,
longitudinal, apical patch; outer edge dark-cinereous; fringe pale. Hind
wings pale, immaculate; beneath iini(()rmly pale, witli a dusky line common
to l)oth wings, and a slight (fiscal dot ; on the base of the inner edge of the
hind wing is a long, blister-like expansion of the wing, by which this genus
nuiy readily l)e recognized, besides its long, slender wings, witii apex much
produced, ami the very large, long palpi. Antennge simple, annulated also
with white. Legs dark, linged with white. The hind wings extend nearly
a third of their length beyond the end of the abdomen.

Length oi'liody, c?,.0.37, ?,0.34; of lore wing, (? , 0,45, ?,0.44; expanse
of wings, 0.1>5 inch.

Montreal, Canada, (Caulfiidd) ; Brunswick, Me. (Packard); New York
(Gnile); Philadelpliia. I'a. (Amer. luit. Soc.).

183

This species is readily known b\- its wings l)cing green along the costal
edge and at base, and by its rather small size, and the niunerous lines on the
tore wings, often represented hy dark dots.

LoBOPHORA VERN-ATA Packard. Plate 8, fig. 13.

EiipUhccia vertiala Pack., I'il'tli Rep. Peab. Ac.ad. Sc, 57, 187:5.

3 i and 3 9. — Head wliitish, snow-white on edge of front, with a black
hair-line just below the anteiiiKV. Palpi white beneath, second joint black,
third white. Body and wings i)ale-whitish cinereous. Fore wings nmch
sharj)er at the'apex than in L. (DiguUlneata ; basal half of tore wings nearly
white, with a black, linear, basal line, cnrved and angulated outward strongly
on the median space, and sinuated inward on tlie subniedian interspace; a
black linear dot, often connecting with a black .streak on the median vein ; a
tew brownish and yellowish scales in the middle of the wing; veins irregu-
larlv spotted with white and black; an outer broadly sinuate line, -very
regularly incurved below tin; median vein, and, in front of that, going nearly
.straight to the costa, and touching the hind end of the discal spot; from this
line proceed linear black streaks along the veins, especially marked on the
median branches, which become interrupted toward the outer edge ; the Hue
is broadly and diffusely shaded with pale smoke-brown externally, darker
next th-e line ; beyond is a geminate, sinuous lino of brown scales, partially
obsolete below the median vein, and especially marked on the costa and in
the extradiscal space; a marginal row of geminate, black dots. Hind wings
smoky-white, with no markings; fringe white, with a smoky -brown line;
beneath pale-white; the fore wing with the outer curved line faintly marked,
and a little beyond i.ntervenular, black dots ; tringe pale-whitish. Hind wings
dusky. Fore legs dark, ringed with white.

Length of body, 0.45; of fore wing, 0.60; expanse of wings, 1.30 inches.

Montreal, Canada (Lyman); Brimswick, Me. (Packard): 15rookline,
Mass., April 28-May 29 (Simrtleff) ; New York (Grote): All)any, N. Y.
(Lintner) ; Philadelphia, Pa. (Ent. Soc).

One of the earliest insects that ilies, app(;aring in April in Maine, beiore
the snow is off. It is easily known by its large; size, its white, acute wings,
with the distinct, linear, black, sinuate lines, the outer shaded diffusely with
light-brown, and l)y the white and black spots and streaks on tiie veins ;m<i

184

llicir brauclies. .It differs tVoiii L. anguiliiieata (Grote), to wliicli it is veiy
closely allied, by the sharper apex of the fore wings, its whitish-ash color,
wanting the green tint o^ anguUineata, though, in one specimen (from Penu-
sylvaiiia), there is a yellowish-green tinge along the inner and outer lines.
The discal dot is much more linear, and often connected with the black streak
on the median vein, not present in L. angiiilineata. The broad shade beyond
the extradiscal line is wanting in L. anguilineata^ while the present species
wants the geminate, black patch in the middle of the outer margin. The
two species are very closely allied, l)ut may be separated on these characters.
It varies considerably. The Pennsylvania specimen ditiers most from the
northern examples in having three large, dark, irregular, somewhat triangular,
costal spt)ts, the middle one beginning the extradiscal line and ending as a
spot opposite the discal dot. There is also a large costal spot l>etween the
costal termination of the basal and extradiscal lines.

Tiiis may ])rt)ve to be i. fusifasciala Walk., as remarked by Dr. Speycr
in a letter to Mr. Lintner.

LoBOPHORA ANGIIILINEATA Packard. Plate 8, tig. 12.

Eii2)ilhi(i<i uiiyiiiliiualu GrotLi, Auu. Lye. N:it. Hist. N. Y., viii, 28, j)l. 15 A, iig. 16, 18(57.

1 (?. — This tine si)ecies is very similar to L. vernata, but differs in the
following particulars: The wing is clearer and more deeply tinged with green,
the markings are heavier, and the submarginal line is more sinuous, while it
is interrupted in the extradiscal space l)y two short, heavy, black, parallel
lines, wiiich convci'ge uw their inner lerminalions.

Length of body, J, 0.48; of fore wing, c? , O.tiO; expanse of wings, 1.25
inches.

" Massachusetts to Pennsylvania"' (Grote).

Specimens may yet be found connecting L. vernota with this.

LoBOPHOKA GEMINATA Packard. Plate 8, fig. 14.

EunUhtna (jtmiiiula Gri)t(>, Proc. Ent. Soc. Pliila., vi, "iS), pi. 3, fig. (3, 18(J6.

3 <?. — Pure white, spotted with black. Head white, with a black line
between tiie antenn;e. Palpi black, with dependiMit white hairs beneath, and
with the third joint- while. Anfenuce long and very slender, scarcely ciliated,
annulatcd with white above. Prothorax above tinged with luteous; on meso-
scutuni a transverse band. Fore wings wdth five rows of black lines, formed

185

ul partially-discomu'clcd dots, llic first tlin'c augiilatcd obtiisoly on the sul)-
costal veins; discal dot distinct below, the two outer lines sinnate, witli
iiitiM-niediate dots on the vcinlets; a low of niaryinal, black d(»ts; fiin<i:c pure-
white. Tlic hind wings pure-white, with no diseal dot : beneath, tiie rows
of dots appear, though faintly. Hind wings with a diseal dot more distinct
than on the u|i[)er side. Abdomen white with a row of l)laek streaks on each
side of the general line of the body. Legs whitish-cinereous.

Length of body, <?, 0.50; of fore wing, <?, 0.70; cxjianse of wings, 1.45
inches.

Cambridge, 31ass. (Harris C'oll.j; ]\ia.'<saeliusells (G. W. Peek); New-
York (Grote).

This beautilid s])ecies is leadily distingnished, as it is pure wiiite, with
deep-black rows of dots spreading out along the veins. The white front, with
l)lack palpi tipjied with white, and (he black line between the wings, further
serve to separate it from the other species.

Desiderata.

^-'

Lohophora fudfmciata "Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., x^^ 1258, 1862.
Nova Scotia ; New York. .^ , ,

Lobophora ? nmgerata Walk., List Lep. Het. Br.^Mus., xxy, 1259, 1862.
Saint Jlartin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay Terr. .

Lobophora ? incommodata Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., rxV, 1259, 1862.
Nova Scotia.

CARSL\. Hiibner. Plate 1, fig. 15.

Carsia HiibD., Verz., 33(1, l-^lr'.

Larendn Treits., Scbm. Eiir., vi (ii), 75, 1628.

Aiiailh Diip., Lup. I'nuicc, iv, 111, 1829.

Larhsa Curtis, Biit. Eiit., 32-1, 1830.

Cdma Stcpb., 111., iii, 242, 1831.

Anaitis Boisd., Gen. lud., 204, 1840.

Larcntia H.-Sch. (in part), Schm.Kur., iii, 141, 1847.

Cclma Stcpb., Cat. Br. Lep., 183, 1850.

.tiiaUis Lcderer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wien, 248, 1853.

Carsia and Aitaitis Guen., Pbal., ii, 403, 495, 18,57.

Anaith Standinger, Cat., 77, 1861.

Carsia ,ind Anailis Walk., List Lep. Hot. Br. Mus., xxv, 1439, 1441, 1863

Head broader and fuller than in Lobophora, with a pointed inter-
palpal tuft. Palpi long and ratli(>r slendt^r, exteiidinL'' well beyond the
head; second joint widening toward the end : third minute, very acute, not

very distinguishal)le from the liairs of the second joint. Male antennae ciliated.
24 p u

186

Fore wings long and narrow, subfalcate; apex much produced, acute; costa
straight, sinuous; outer edge unusually oblique, very full, and rounded in the
middle. Hind wings very much produced toward the subacute apex, so that
they are oval in shape, the inner edge being no longer than the outer. Vena-
tion: two equal subcostal cells; the three first subcostal venules short, but
the first much longer than the second; the discal venules are directed at right
angles to the costa. Hind legs very long and slender in themale ; the tarsi
very long, equaling the tibiaj in length. Abdomen long and sleiuhjr. Color-
ation: dark-gray, with two broad double lines on the lore wings, the extra-
discal one toothed, with a double flexure; no markings on the dark hind wings.

The acute, uai'row subfalcate fore wings, and the narrow hind wings,
witli the inner edge no longer than the outer, and the l)road, full head, separate
this genus from any of its allies. The sexes differ considerably, the wings
being much narrower in tlie female than in the male.

I see no reason for separating Aiiaitia from Carsia.

Carsia paludata, Guenee. Plate 9, fig, 22.

" Geomitm pahidata Thuuberg, Mus. Nat., Tfi, fig. Vi, 1788."
" Geometra sororiata HUbn., Schm. Eur. tali. 68, fig. 355, 1796."
" Geometra imbntata Hiibii., Si:hui. Enr. tab. 78, tig. 403, 1796."
Carsia sororiaUi Hiibn., Verz., 336, 1818.
. Carsia imbidala Hiibn., Vcrz., 336, 1818.
Larentia sororiata Trcit.s., Schm. Enr., vi (ii), 86, 1828.
Larissa imbutata Curtis, Brit. Eut., 3-^4, 1830.
Celma imbutata Stepli., 111., iii, 242, 1831.
Anaitis imbiitaria Boisil., Gen. Ind., 204, 1840.
Anaitis sororiaria Boisil., Geu. lud., 204, 1840.
Larentia sororiaria H.-Sch., Schm. Enr., iii, 164, 1847.
Celma imbiitala Steph., Cat. Br. Lr^p., 164, 1850.
" Anaitis i)ruinaria Evcrsmaun, Bnll. Moscow, ii, 639, 1851."
Carsia imbntata Gncn., Phal., ii, 494, 1857.
Carsia putnilata Gncn., Phal., ii, 494, 1857.

Carsia imbutata Walli., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxv, 1440, 1862. _
Carsia pal ndata W^alk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxv, 1440, 1862.
Carsia boreata Pack., Fifth Rop. Peab. Acad. So., 52, 1873, $ .
Carsia alpiuata Pack., Fifth Rep. Poali. Acad. Sc, 52, 1873, 5 .

o c?. — Front and palpi Idackish, with white scales; thorax dark, with
light scales. Fore wings of a peculiar asii-color, dark on the outer edge and
on the base of tlie costa. A narrow band just beyond the basal third of the
wing narrower and less angulated tlian in the other species, being curved, and
just below tlie co.sta slightly angulated : on the costa and inner side it is
single, in tlie middle (l(inl)l(\ being within [mler, dark brown. A similarly-
( olored parallel bnnd, liut nu)re irregular, externally in the middle of the

]S7

wing broadly (rideiiUilc, tlic lower <oolli rouiKlcd and set in as llie line con.-
tracts; it is paler in Uie middle of tlie wing, darker on the edges. A sub-
marginal, parallel, diffuse band, widening on the apical half, inferrupled
opposite the middle and more prominent tooth of (In^ middh' line bv a gemi-
nate rather indistinct rusty si)ot, which is not so distinct as in the oilier
species. Fringe long, dusky, checkered with white opposite the ends of the
venules. Wings more thickly scaled than usual, and venules not so prominent.
Hind wings dark slate-color; fringe spotted with white. Fore wings bencsatli
nearly concolorous with the upper side of the hind('r paii'; a slight ferru-
ginous tinge toward the costa. Hind wings much paler, cinereous, with red-
dish scales. An outer line goes from the costa toward' the middle; of the
wing.

Length of body, 0.48; of tiire wing, ().5rj; expanse of wing.s l.lf) inches.

Taken half-way between the Summit and the "Ledge", Mount Wash-
ington, N; H., August 18 (Shurlleff) ; Tuckermaii's Eavine, Mount Wash-
ington (Sanborn).

This sex may be determined by its dark slate-color, without any rust-
red tinge on the fore wings above, and less beneath than in the female ; also
by the large teeth of the outer band and the narrower inner band.

y *• — Ferruginous ashen slate-color; front reddish. On the fore wings,
a basal oblique linear cross-line; a middle broad line, regular, and angulated
distinctly just below the costa, below which the line is double. Discal dot
small but distinct. Outer line narrow, doubly cnrved, and finely zigzag, on
the outer side twice dilating, and finely toothed, opposite which are two rusty
red spots, interrupted by two faint lines. Without, a darker line proceeds
from the middle of the wing oi)liquely toward the apex. Fringe long, spotted
conspicuously with white. Hind wings iilain, slate-colored, with no marks.
Beneath, the fore wings are slate-colored, l)ecoming rusty-red toward the
costa and outer edge: hind wings dull reddish beneath, with a slight purplish
tinge, and an extradiscal dark line more distinctly marked than in the other
species. Fringe not so distinctly spotted with white as on the fore wings.

Length of body, 0.35; length of fore wing, 0.50; expanse of wings,
1.10 inches.

Readily known by the red under side, the broad reddish band, the outer,
waved, finely dentate band, and the two ferruginous spot-: opposite each l)cnd
of the line.

188

I quite agree with Staudinger in regarding paludata as a variety of
imbi/fafa. Specimens received from Professor Zeller, labeled sororiata, show
no differences, even varietal, from ours.

Larva. — Newman (Brit. Moths) says that Carsia imbutata feeds on the
Cranberry ( V. oxycoccns) ; Freyer describes it as '' reddish yellow, with three
wide stripes down tlie back; spiracular line yellowish white". (Stainton's
Manual, ii, 120.)

ODEZIA Boisduval. Plate 1. fig. 16.

Baplriu lliibii. (iu part), Verz., 306, 1818.
Psodos Tivits., Scluii. vi (i), ^54, 1827.
Tanagra * Diip., Lep. France, vii (iv), 112, 1829.
ilirwa Ste[)b., Noraeucl. 15r. lus. 45, 1829.
Tanagra Dup., Lop. France, viii (v), .')-23, 1830.
Miiwa Stepb., 111., iii, 293, 1831.
Odezia Boisd., Gen. Ind., 229, 1840.

Steph., Cat. Br. Lep., 218, 1850.

Lederer, Verli. But. Zool. Ges. Wicu, 240, 18.53.
Tanagra and Odezia Guen., Phal., ii, 517,518, 18.57.
(hlezla Stand,, Cat., 76, 1861.

Tanagra and Odezia Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxv, 1460, 1461, 1862.
Baptria Grote, Proc. Ent. .Soc. Phila., ii, 67, 1863.

Head bioad and full between the eyes; no interpalpal tuft. Palpi short
and slender, but much broader than in Lohophora, scarcely extending beyond
the front; third joint sliarp, minute, scarcely distinguishable from the end of
tlie second joint. Male antennae rather thick, finely ciliated. Fore wings
broad, short, triangular, the costa" regularly arched, apex much rounded; outer
edge short, moderately full, less oblique than usual. Hind wings rather long,
somewhat produced toward'tlie much-rounded apex, not extending to the
end of the abdomen. Venation: a single large subcostal cell; the first sub-
costal venule nearly twice as long as the second, all the three first venules
much longer than in Carsia. Posterior discal venule oblique, curved a little
very near the independent vein. The first and second median venules
co-originating. The median and independent veins very long. Hind legs of
male with the tarsi much shorter than the tibite. Abdomen long and rather
thick ; tip hardly tufted. The species are uniformly deep black, witli white
bands; the lilnd wings entirely black or partly so.

In this genus, the wings are short, broad, and much rounded at the apex;
these characters, witli Ihe Idack hues, separate it from all tiic others of the
subfamily.

' Preoccnpied in Ornithology.

1S9

Si/noj)sis of the Sjtecies.

Koro wings broad ; apex siil)ioc(anj;ular ; tmo broad, white band <). albovilliila.

FuTU wings elongatt^d, with thin, narrow, black bands (I. atli/oniKila.

OuEZIA. ALBOVITTATA (llU'lu'c. I'liltc 9, (ilT. 2;5.

Odczia alborittata Guen., I'hal., ii, 5".20, 18o7.

JSaplriii albofasciata Groto, Proc. Eot. Soc. Phihi., ii, CG, pi. 3, fig. 2, 9 , IHGii.

3 3 and 3 9. — Body and \vini;s iiiiironnlv Idack. l'\)i"(; wiiitrs ratlier
brnad; apc.K subrcctangular, outer edge iiiucli le.-^s oliliqiic than in O. califor-
niiita; a single, very broad, wliitc band extcnd.s from I lie niidide of tlie costa
to llie inner angle of the wing, where it is suddenly forked; opposite this fork
the fringe is white, as also on the apex. Hind wings black, with the fringe
w-jiite on the apex and near the inner angle. Beneath marked as above, with
the addition of a short, sinuous, white line within the broad band, and traces
of a basal line, represented by a white costal s])ot, and another in the sub-
median spaee. On the inner half, the hind wings are gray, witli a large,
black, diseal spot : beyond this a black liand, with a broader white band.
Aljdomen \\ bitish l)en('ath. Logs whitish.

Length of body, (?,0.40, 9, 0.31; length of fore wing, ^,0.48, 9,0.45;
expanse of wings, 0.90-1.00 inch.

Brunswick, Maine (Packard); near Boston, Mass. (Minot); Salem, Mass.,
June 13, July 1 (Cassino); Amherst, Mass, June 19 (Goodell); New Jer-
sey (Sachs); Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef); Detroit, Mich. (Swartz, Mus. Comp.
Zool.); Boulder Canon, Colo., about 6,500 feet elevation, July (Packard,
Hayden's Survey), Pike's Peak (Grote); Victoria, Vancouver Island, July
(Crotch).

There seems to be no difference in size or markings between Eastern
and Pacific-coast examples.

Odezia califokxiata Packard. Plate 9, fig. 24.

Baptiia calij'orniata Pack., Proc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, 404, lr-71.

Tills pretty species is black, with three narrow, waved, white bands cross-
ing the fore wings; the two basal ones connect on the inner ediie of the
wing, where they form a circular ring, inclo.sing a black spot; al)ovc they are
equidistant, and are dentate on the median vein, the teeth advancing toward
each other. The outer line is very sinuate, widening much in the middle,
and thence sending a linear sinuate line to the inner auirle of the wing.

190

(Jlose to llir oilier ('(l<ro of the wiiiir. mikI opposite tlie roiiiided l)eii<l in tlie
outer l)aii(l, is a round, white spot. A minute white spot on tlie inner angle.
llind wings with a hxrge, black, oval discal spot; beyond an indistinct black
line, and beyond this a broad, white band, widening outward in the middle
and connected with a round, marginal, white spot; another white spot on the
inner angle. These markings are distinctly repeated on the under side of the

wings.

Length of body, 0.35; fore wing, 0.47; expanse of wings, 0.98 inch.

California (Behrens).

HELIOMATA. Plate 1, fig. 17.

Beliomata Giotc, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vi, 29, 1866.

Head rather narrower than in Odezia, but the palpi and antennae
the same. Fore wings inclined to be narrower than in Odezia, the costa
straighter; the apex is much less rounded, being subrectangular, while
the outer edge is a little more oblique. The hind wings are shorter, inclined
to be sinuous below the apex, which is shorter, much less produced than
in Odezia. The venation diifers in the subcostal cell being smaller, in the
first subcostal vein co-originating with the main vein, not being separated as
usual, and there is one subcostal vein less; while the last subcostal vein is
bent downward where it throws off the anterior discal venule. The first
median is widely separated from the second at its origin, in this respect differ-
ing much from Odezia. Male hind legs with the tibiiE much swollen, the
tarsi one-half as long as the tibiae. Abdomen longer and slenderer than in
Odezia, extending beyond the hind wing\^. Coloration : black, with large
white blotches, with metallic scales arranged in lines and patches.

As seen by the characters given above, this genus differs from Odezia,
to which it is nearest allied, by some important features, which scrvji to con-
nect it with the third subfamily.

The swollen hind tibiae and short tarsi and its peculiar style of colora-
tion will enal)lc one to recognize the species. Grrote remarks that "//i erota
Grote from Surinam belongs to this genus, and probably other species
hitherto referred to Erateina, the types of which latter genus are quite dis-
tinct from the present."

I id

Si/i/op.sis of the SpiriiK.

Of largo size, two wbitisb-yellow baiuls iieiuly i.R-.-(in{,' in th.i middle of (he foic wing....//, hifiilata.

Like infulala, but witb only two metallic lines, and witb tbe y.lU.Nvi.sh hands united //. dalwriila.

Smaller tban tbo otber two, witb two-thirds of the hind wings white, two marginal blue

'"«'''"'«""<''' t U.cuclmiala.

Heliomata infulata Grote. Plate 9, fig. 2(J.

lUiplria infulata Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Tbila., ii, G7, pi. 3,llg. 4, £, 1863.
Eratdna infulata Grote, Proc. Ent. Soe. Pbila., iii, .'■)4-2, 1HG4.
HiTwmata infulata Grote, Proc. ?;nt. Soc. Pbihi., vi, 30, ISGfi.

1 (? iiiid 1 9. — l^hick-hrown ; fore wings l)lackish-bro\vn, with hvo
broad yellowish-white hiuuU, one extending from the outer third of thecosta
to the middle of the wing, ending in the second median vennle; the other
extending from the middle of the inner edge of the; wing to the base of the
first and second median vennles. Just beyond is a submarginal, metallic,
blue, broad line much farther from the outer edge of the wing than in
H. cydaduta. A similai" marginal blue line. The band on the hind Avings is
continuous with the hinder band of the fore wings, but wider," though only
half as wide as in //. ci/dadata. Beneath much as above, with tlie costa
more or less pale ; fringe dark.

Length of body, — ?; of fore wing, <?, 0.50; 9, 0.45; expanse of wings,
0.90-1.00 inch.

Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef); Northern Virginia (Grote).

Heeiom-vta elaborata Grote.

Baptria elaborala Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., ii, fir, pi. 3, fig. :>, $, 18G3.
Erateina elaborala Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Pbila., iii, .542, 18G4.
Heliomala elaborala Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Pbila., vi, 30, ISGG.

"Anterior wings blackish at tiie base, and terminal space witii a broad
yellow band traversing the median space of the wing, interrupted at the
center and contracting as it reaches the internal margin. Posterior wings
with the basal lialf yellow, showing a few powdered black atoms at
extreme base and with the terminal margin entirely black. There is a faint
terminal metallic line, and a black line runs through the yellow median bands.
Under side resembling the upper, with the legs and under surface of body
powdered witli yellow atoms.

A male expands § inch. Collection of Entomological Society of Phila-
delphia. Hal). — Virginia.

Resembles B. infulata, bnt is, I think, distinct. There is JMit a single
metallic lint;, and the dis[)osition of the yellow median bands is different."

-}

192
Heliomata cycladata Grote. Plate 9, fig. 25. .

neUomala rijcladata Grote, Pioc. Ent. Soc. Pliihi., vi, 30, pi. :!, li;,'. 7, 9 , 1866.

2 (?. — A smaller species than//, 'mfnlata, with narrower, more pointed
fore wings. Bod} and wings blackish brown ; abdomen ringed with white,
with a broad white band at the base of the abdomen. Fore wings black-
brown, with the markings arranged much as in H. infulafa, but with the
bands whiter, broader, and more irregular, and with a l)rown patch between
the points of the two opposing bands. The submarginal metallic blue line
is very much more sinuous near the costa than in infulnta. The hind wings
are almost entirely snow-white, dark at base and on the outer edge, with two
blue lines. Fringe blackish-brown. Beneath much as above, with a longi-
tudinal subcostal blue sheath and a broad interrupted metallic blue line.

Length of body, <?,0.85; of fore wings, cf, 0.43; expanse of wings,
0.85 inch.

"West Farms, N. Y. (Angus)"; Brooklyn, N. Y. (Clraef and Sepper);
"New York State (Ent. Soc. Phila.)".

HETEROPIIELPS Ilerrich-Schaeffer. Plate 1, fig. IS. Plate 2, iig. 18.

Heterophelps Herr.-Scb., Aussereur. Schm., 62, 1850-58.
Gueu6o, Phal., ii, 513, 1857.
Walk., List Lop. Het. Br. Mus., xxv, 1457, 1862.

Head only moderately broad and full, the sides of the front parallel.
Palpi short and slender, not reaching to the front of the head; third joint
uiiuute, conical. Male antennae with very large stout cilia, a pair to each
joint. Fore wings unusually large, costa full, sinuate, apex subacute; outer
edge a little bent on the first median. Hind wings small, rather short, apex
suddenly but obtusely pointed; the outer edge full and rounded, extending to
the tip of the abdomen. Venation: two subcostal cells; the finst subcostal
venule nearly twice as long as the second and third. Hind legs thick, short,
the tarsi much shorter than the long tibiae. Male abdomen moderately stout,
ending in a well-marked tuft. The ground-color is a whitish ochreous-gray,
with three black conspicuous costal spots, and a faint extradiscal line; no
discal spots.

This well-marked genus differs from any other of the subfamily by the
heavily-ciliated antennae, very short palpi, large slightly angular fore wings,
and small, rounded, obtusely-pointed hind wings. The markings are almost
identical in the two species.

Nothing is known regarding the early stage of the genus.

i>i/ilo/>sis of ///<■ Sprclf's.

Lars.-, whitish siay II. h.o.naia.

Milch sMiallii-. Willi a lUcidcd ixhnoiis tiii'jc //. trignlfula.

llETEKoniELPS ii.\ . viciATA 11. s]». Plate 9, fii,^ 27.

1 c? and l 9. — Ncarlv Iwirc as lari^*' as H. tr'ignttiild, l)iit uilli the
\viii^s of similar shape, and with similar markiM<;s. J'odv ami wiiiirs dull,
nearly whilr instead of oelireoiis, while //. trigiiftdtd has a shiniiiir lustre.
Fore \viiio;s with three larjri; costal patches, the inner the lar<ier. From the
tiiird and smaller one runs a sli^dit line curved outward in tiie middle ol'tiie
wini,^ ( )n the hind wino, the eorrespondiiiif line is narrow, verv tiiintl}'
indicated, and Itent at nearly rii^lit anirles in the middle of the wiiiir. No
discal d()t.s al)ove; helow they are widl marUed on both winiis, those on the
fore wings being sublinear. Deneath, the wings, boiiy, and legs are tinged
decidedly with och icons.

Length of l)ody, S, O.oO, ?, O'lO: of fore wing, c?, 0.67. 9,0.G0";
expanse of wings, 1.42 inches.

Ithaca, N. Y. (Smith and (Joinstock) : Middh; States (Glover); New
York (Harvey); "St. Martin's Falls, Hudson's Bay Terr." (Walker).

This large sjiccies would not at first sight be thought to be a Hetero-
pli(l])s, but it really agrees very closely in its structure and markings, only
differing in the much larger size and whitish tint from //. triguflata.

Walker's Heterophelps atrosiguafd does not belong to this irenus.

Hetekophelps triguttata Herricli-S(diaet!'er. Plate 9, tig. 28.

Belci-oplwlp-H triijiitturia H.-.Sch., Ausseiviif. Schiii., (i-2, ))1. 11, ti;;. 'iOi, lsr)0-r>f;.
GiK'ii.,PhaI.,ii,514, 1S57.
Walk., List. Le|). Hot. Br. Mus., xxv, 1 l.W, 18GU.

G c? and (! 9. — I nitormly pale oclir.eous; hind wings coneolortMis with
the anterior pair. Fore winys with three blackish, conspicuous, costal spots
(rarely sending as many laint lines across the wing). The basal spot i.s
square, the middle one larger, snbtriangular. situated near the outer third of
the. costa. The third spot is usually much smaller than tln^ two others and
situated rather nearer the apex than the middle spot. (Jlteii a very sinuous
(not wavy) row of minute l)lack dots extends across the wing from the middle
spot. No other markings; no marginal black Wnv, w^i 'n\ H. ha rve lata. No
discal dots Beneath, no markings, except two minute co.stal ."Jjwt.s.

L'.") P II

194

Length of body, <?, 0..'>5, 9, 0.35; oC lore wing, i, 0.46, 9, 0.45;
expanse of wing, 1.00 inch.

Brunswick, Me. (Packard); Canihridge, Mass. (Harris Coll.); Boston,
Mass. (Sanborn) ; Andierst, Mass. (Goodell) ; Waterbury, Conn., July 9
(W. H. Pal ton); Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef) ; Oneida, N. Y. (Hawley) ; New
Jersey (Sachs).

This is one of the most common of our geometrid moths, and may be
recognized by its uniformly pale ochreous hue, the three black costal spots,
and the absence of any other markings.

Larva. — "Cylindrical. Head medium sized, rather flat in front, pale
green, slightly bilobed, without any markings; mandibles tipped with black
(labruni a little paler than the other parts of the head) — a few very fine small
hairs visil)le only with a magnifying-glass. Body bluish-green, with thickly-
set longitudinal stripes of whitish and yellowish. A double whitish dorsal
line with a yellowish-white line ratiier more prominent on each side of it
(these are not unbroken, but formed of a succession of yellowish short lines
and dots). Below this on each side arc two or three imperfect white lines
made np of short broken streaks, much fainter than those above. The
spaces between the segments are yellowish ; the skin is much wrinkled and
folded. The under side is green, with tinge of yellowish between the seg-
ments ; abdominal legs yellowish-green and faintly tipped with brown.
Chrysalis, June 1'.). It feeds on the maple." (From notes received froiii
Mr. W. Saunders, of London, Canada.)

LITHOSTEGE Hiibner. Plate 1, fig. 19.

Gypmchroa Hubn. (iu p.iFt), Verz., 337, 1818.
Lithoslefje Hubn., Verz., 337, 1818.
Minoa Treits. (iu part), Schin. Eur., vi (ii), 248, 1828.
SionaVup. (in part), Lep. Frauce, viii (v), 537, 1830.

Boisd. (iu part), Geu. Iud.,229, 1840.
Chesiaa H.-Sch. (in part), Schui. Eur., iii, 181, 1847. ■
LiOiostege Lederer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wien, 248, 1853.
Guen., Phal., ii, 501, 1857.
Walk., List L«p. Hot. Br. Mus., xxv, 1447, 1862.

Head large, broad, and very full in front, more so than usual. Palpi
long and rather large, extending well beyond the head ; second joint
long and rather broad ; third minute, and nearly indistinguishable from the
projecting hairs of tiie second. Antennje of male very slender, not ciliated.
Fore wings very long and narrow, much produced toward the rather obtuse

195

apex ; tin; oulcr edge very ol)li(|uc and long, nol IkmiI, t'lilly as long as tlio
inner edge. Hind wings very long and narrow, regularly oval in outline, the
costal edge long and straight, apex rounded; the inner edge merged with
the outer, more so than in Carsia. Venation: two short suheostal cells, the
first tlirec subcostal vemdes sulx-cpial, the origin of second and third adjacent;
the median venules very short. Fore legs witli the til)i<i; sliort and very
thick, armed with a large ])rojecting spine in i)oth sexes; hind legs long and
slender, tarsi much longer than the tibiae. Male abdomen large, thick, long,
extending to an unusual distance beyond the hind wings. Coloration : jiale
whitisli-gray, with. three rows of black spots on the fore wings.

This genus, remarkable for the spines on tiie tore legs, .somewhat resem-
bles Carsia in llu! long f()r(! wings and ovid hinder pair, but diders in the
venation. The head is unusually lull in front, and the palpi an; larire, while
the antenn;\j are not ciliated.

Syno])sls of the Sipccics.

Large, hind wings oval l. triscriala.

Smaller, liind wings loiimled ...L. roliniilalu.

LiTHOSTEGE TRiSERiATA Packard. Plate 9, tig. 30.

Lithostege iriaeriata Pack., Sixth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sci., :!y, 1874.

1 (? and 1 9. — Form of the body and wings much as in L. farinata
Hufn. of Europe. The wings are a little more rounded at the apex, espe-
cially in the female; the form of the head is the same; the palpi, however,
are a little longer, and the two unequal sj)ines on the fore tibiae a little shorter
than in the European L. farinata. Body and wings whitish-cinereous, part
of head and palpi dark brown. Fore wings whitish-ash, with three series of
conspicuous hlack, mostly vennlar, spots ; the inner row within the basal
tliii-d of the wing; one obscure costal spot, another .situated on the median
vein, a longitudinal black spot in the intenspace below and another on the
internal vein. Beyond the middle of the wing, an oblique line of about eight
longitudinal black venular spots, and just beyond a row of about eight black
venular dots. A submarginal, slightly sinuous, broad, while line, with an
apical scallop. Fringe whitish, with a blackish marginal line. Abdomen
and hind wings unit()rmly smoky-ash, with no markings. Beneath, l)oth
wings smoky -ash ; around the edges, especially of the fore wings, finely
dusted with white. Two or three subapical costal faint spots. Fringe white,
with a subbasal dark line, and faintlv checkered.

L,.ni,4li .il' IhxIv. J\ 0.44, 9, O.GO : ol' ("iv wino, <? , 0 04, 9,().U4:
cxiiansc of w'iiiiis, l--"j iiH'hes.

Denver City, Colo., 1 <i -Jinie ;), 9 June 27, in the luicky Mouutaius
oi'Coloriulo (T. L. .Mead).

'riie oerurrenee of 1 his c^euiis is of imich iuteresf, a.s it constitutes a new
link lietween the Pacific States and European fauna. The male of this
species is much smaUer than the female, with the hind wings especially
much elongated. The outer row of l.lack dots is wanting in my single
specimen.

TlTIIOSTEGE ROTUNDATA Pa(dvard. I'late !), lig. 29.

LUliosU(ji- ntlmulata Tack., .Sixth Rep. Peali. Aoa.l. .Sc, 30, 1874.

2 S . — This is a much smaller species than L. irisrriata, and the liind
wiu<Ts are shorter and much more rounded. The markings are very similar.
Head and palpi with black and white scales, the palpi stout. The fore tibial
spines stout. Fore wing with the same markings as in L. triseriafa, but with
the outer submarginal white line narrower and more distinct. The third row
of l)lack dots wanting, as in the male of the Colorado species. Fringe and
hind wings and under surface as in the Colorado species. A dark apical
oblitpu^ streak on the fore wing, not |»resent in 7>. friseriata.

Length of body, 0.40; of tbre wing, 0.49 ; expanse of wings, 1.00 inch.

San Diego, Cal. (CI. K. Crotch, Mns. Comp. ZooL).

This species, while closely resembling L. /riseriata, resembles the
European L. faiinata more closely in the peculiar shape of the hind wings
than the Colorado species. The fore wings are a little more broadly triangu-
lar than in L. triscriata.

Subfamily OPEROPIITEKINil^ Packard.

Male — The single genus of this group is so dilierent from the Luyciithue
on the one hand, and the Fidoviutp^ on the other, that it seems warrantable to
suggest anew subliunily for it. It certainly has no immediate affinities with
the Larrnthuc With H'jhniiia and AuisojJtenjx, tiie affinities are remote.
The head is short and small; the body, especially the thorax, unusually slen-
der.. The palpi are unusually weak and short, not reaching out as far as the
front. The front of the head is nearly as wid(> as long. Male antennae
d(;nsely ciliated. The wings are larize and broad. Fore wings with the costa

11)7

sti'iiiiiflil, curving' aiDUiid touMid tlic very iiiuch-ioiiiulcd iipcx; llic niilci" cdi^c
is as lon:^ as tlic iiiiKM". Tlu' hind wiii^rs arc iiiiiisnally lonix and lariic, |)i"o)<!ct-
iiiir I'ai' hcyoiid tlir end ol' llic alxidiiicii, and willi fhr enter edire nmcli
niiindcd. \i'nali()n: tlie firsl, second, third, and Tonilh sidx'oslal veiudes
arc rcniarkalily short ; the lari^c snhcostal cell is situated nean'r the apex tliaii
usual. The oriirin ol' the tiisl median veunle is remote from the '>thors: tin-
lower discal venule is long and very ol)rH|ue. Tlind legs with the tarsi sl(;ii-
dor and as long as the tihiie.

Fenuik. — Partially wingless, with the wings small and narrow, not reach-
ing to the end ot" the alxlomen. The body is short and stout, and much
pointed toward the end. For other characters see i)age 41.

OPKROl'lITEKA Hiihner. Plate 1, fig. 20.

Operopliteia Hiiliii., \\-r/.., ;Vil, 1818.

Acidalin Tri'its. (in part), ScLiii. Eiir., vi (ii), .'>, 182S.

Cheimatobia Stepli., Xniiiriicl. Br. Ins., 44, ISUil ; "Cn(., ii, M'J, 1829."

Laniiliu Diip. (in part),Lep. Franco, viii (v), 3r)8, 1S;{0.

Chfimalobia .Stepli., 111., iii, 274, IH'.U.

Lurintia IJoisil. (in part),Geu. Ind., 204, 1840.

Chiimatohin H.-Srli., Sclini. Eur., iii, 177, 1847.

Steph., Cat. Brit. Lep., 197, 18r>0.
Chimatobia Lcdercr, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wion, 2.">1, IB.'io.
Chcimalobia Gncn., Pbal., ii, 258, 13.">7.

Walk., Li.st Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, llfiO, 18C2.

The characters of this genus are provisionally like those of the sub-
family. The male of our single species may readily he identified by the
large, thin, jiartially hyaline, pale ochreous wings, witii the numerous brown,
scalloped wings.

Although usage has, in a degree, sanctioned Stephen's more; euj)hoi)ious
name, Hiibner's name was accompanied by a diagnosis, wjiih; Stephen's was,
np to 18.'>1, a simple catalogue-name. The law of ])riority compels us iiere,
as elsewhere, often against our own will, to reject a useful name fi)r one
older and therefore more lawfid.

Larva. — "'Caterpillars short, slightly attenuated at the extremities, cylin-
drical, a little flattened beneath, with distinct lines ; iiead globular, smaller
than the prothoracic ring; living on fruit-trees, contained in a folded leaf, from
which it eats circular pieces. Chrysalis contained in a small, oval, subter-
ranean cocoon." — Guene'e.

198
Opekophteka boreata Hiibner. I'hilc 9, fig. 81.

•* (konwira hnmita Hubu., Schm. Eur., tig. 413, 414, 1790."
OjH-rophhra honala Iliibn., Verz., 321, 1818.
Aciclalia hnreata Treits., Suppl., 204.
Lareiilia bonula Boisd., Gen. lud., 204, 1840.

Diip., Lep. France, Siippl. iv, :i2, pi. iJ3, fig. 3, 1842.
Cheimatobia boreata H.-Scb., Scbm. Eur., iii, 177, tig. suppl. 333, 1847.

Stopb., Cat. Brit. Lep., 107, 1850.

Guen., Pbal., ii, 2G0, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xsiv, 1167, 1862.

17 J. — Body and wings, including the head and palpi, uniformly tes-
taceous or dull ochreous-brown. AVings thin, semi-transparent. ■ Fore wings
with about eight well-marked scalloped lines, the points of the scallops black,
;uid usually resting on the veins. The middle and extradiscal lines are curved
outward just below the costa, the three extradiscal lines being close together
and toniiing a mesial shade on the wing, but the three submarginal lines
l)eyond are not curved. Discal dot distinct and black. Fringe concolorous
with the wings, witli black venular dots. Hind wings clear, witii a faint
extradiscal ditiuse line curved opposite the distinct discal dot; this line is
often obsolete; beneath, this and the extradiscal line make a diffuse shade
common to both wings. Discal dots distinct on both wings.

Length of body, <?, 0.32-0.48; fore wing, S, 0.46-0.65; expanse of
wings, 0.95-1.30 inches.

9. — The female has not yet occurred in collections in this country.

A single female horeata, so labeled by Zeller, is pale gray, with simple an-

tenufe. The front of tlie head is dark brown or chocolate-color; the palpi at

base concolorous with the body, the last joint chocolate-brown, and both pairs

of wings are rather large and broad, rounded at the end with a long fringe and

reaching to the apical fourth of the abdomen. The legs are gray, and the

hinder pair are rather stout. The front wings have two parallel black lines, a

little oblique; and the distance between them as great as half the width of the

wing. The single female brumata differs in the slenderer body, the narrower

head, tlu' sliorter narrower wings, tlie two parallel bands on the anterior pair

lieiug r(^presented by a broad black patch; the wings only reach as far as the

middle ol'tlie abdomen. The legs are slenderer, particularly the hinder pair,

which are dark-ringed, with a paler lint; but this specimen seems fresher

than the boreata, in which the color of the legs bears the marks of being faded.

From the female of Anisopteryx, it differs in the broader, less full, l)ulg-

ing front of the head, the quite well-developed wings, and the stouter hind

k-gs.

I ; i; t

Alatika, several speeiaieiLs taken on marshes, near Saint Micliael's, Sep-
leinber 20, I8G7, clinging to blades of grass (Dali, Miis. Peab. Acad. Sc);
White Mountains, N. II., November (Packard, Mns. Peab. Acad. Sc); Fort
Randall, Dakola Territory (Dr. E. Cone.s); London, Canada (Saunders);
Portland, Me. (Morse); Norway, Me. (S. I. Smith, ]\Ius. Comp. Zool.);
Andover, Mass., November (Sanlioiii, Mn.s. 13. S. N. 11.); Natick, Mass.
(Stratton, Mus. B. S. N. II.); Brooklyn, L. I., N. Y. (Gracf).

This species is not so connnon with us as in Europe, where it rivals
Anhopteryx in its abundance and injurious edects. The oidy difli'erenee I
can detect l)etween this and O. bruniafa (Linn.) is in the form ot^ the discal
space of the hind wings; in the latter, the outer end is l)r()a(ler and more
rounded than in most of my examples of O. boirata. the distance between the
origins of" the second and third median venules being less in hniiiiuta than
in horeata. Judging by the males of the two species lal)eled by Professor
Zeller, I do not see on what grounds Jwrctita should be; separated from brumata.

The males differ but litll(» except in size and in slight variations of
venation. The most striking variation is atlbrded by a large male from Nor-
way, Me.,, w^liich is of a sea-green tint. The moth is lial)le to Ix; confounded
with Anisopteryx vernata., from which it may be readily recognized by the
more rounded fore wings, its ochreous tint, the many waved lines, and, lastly,
by the entirely different plan of venation.

Lama. — Newman thus describes the larva of (9. brumata,: — Head scarcely
as wide as the body, and scarcely notched on the crowMi; the; body is rather
obese, decreasing in size toward each extremity. Head pale green, semi-
transparent. Body glaucous-green, with a nairow, njcdian, blackish stripe on
the back, and three narrow white stripes, at equal intervals, on each side.
The caterpillar of O. boreata is very similar to that of the winter-moth, but
inore transparent, and the stripes more indistinct, but it chiefly differs from
that very common species in having a brown head, that of the winter-moth
(O. brumatci) being pale green and semi-transparent. It feeds on birch.

Subfamily FIDONIN^ Gucuee (emend.).

Kauiily Mncarhlir Guen., Plial., ii, (il, 18.")7.
l-"amily Fidonida Guen., Phal., ii, 95, 1H57.
Family Zeremdce Gneu., Plial., ii, 19.">, 1857.

This subfamily may be distinguished by the usually s(puire front, the
usually rather slender paljii. which are as a rule latlier long, always passing

Ih-voikI the Iron), iiiiil pi.iulcd, .somcliiiics {Dasiijiduma) very l);iiry and htrgf,
while the iiuk'iiua' arc almost invariably well pectinated, often plumose (except
in Sciiiiot/ilsii, wliere they an; .simple). The tore wings are broad, sometimes
narrow and snbl'aleate, or, when broad, with the apex moie or less rectangu-
lar, and the eosta unusually straight. The hind wings are large and rounded,
scsldom an<rled. The venation is quite characteristic, the costal being often
united with the subcostal, and the latter usually throwing oil" three sliort
l)ranclies to the costa. Eitlim- one or no sul)e()stal cell Tiie species are
often high-colored, red or dark brown or deep ochreons, with dark or lighter
lines and spots. Abdomen very long and slender, much more so than usual.

l,,trra. — " Caterpillars elongated, cylindrical, ordinarily without sweirmg,s
or eminences; head globular, as wide as the prothoracic ring, with the anal
part terminated l)y two horizontal points; generally living on low plants.
Chrysalides usually subterranean." — Guenee.

Tn Gnenec's '^Zercnida;'', the caterpillars are described as short, ratlier

thick.

I do not see good grounds for separating the " Macarida;'' from the
''FUlfjii/dai", as the differences are very slight; while the '^Fidonidw"' of M.
Guenee certainly nnjrge insensibly with his ^'FidoHid(t''\

Syiiopisis of the Genera.

Fore \vins;.s Imis !i"'l luirio w, two sulicd.stnl cells Gorytodes.

Like AspUntes, but with two spines tm base of fore tiljias Eiitispilaten. 'l.-

Wiiigs bro;ul ; aiiteiuue heavily pectinated ; paljii long, acute AspUaks. j.

Fore \vini;s green ; palpi large, broader tliaii in Axpilatrn .■ Chloranpilates. 4

Like Aspilatcs, but wiug,s narrow ; palpi stouter Slniuynlates. r

No subcostal cell ; wi ngs very long and narrow ; pal pi very obtuse Tonins.

Antennai very plumose ; wings broad, suow-vvbite Zereiie.

I'alpi slender; antenuie plumose ; fore wings narrow, niucU pointed ; dee[i ocbreons, with

pink extr.adiscal lines .- /[trmalopin.

I'alpi rattier bu.sby I front square ; antenna', tbinly pectinated; colors red and brown Lijlhria.

.ltirfa!in-like ; costa of fore, wings full, outer edge very oblique ; palpi large Loj-qficloiiia.

Six subcostal venules ; bind tibiie swcdlen ; tarsi sliort Kiifulonia.

Fore wing long and rounded ; front with a ebitiuons crest Pircouia.

Differs from Ematunja in the subcostal cell being open; antennas with short branches ; hind

wings short and s(niaie ; clypeus tlat ; species of- small size I'idonia.

Anteiiuiu very bu-shy, front full Ematurya.

Antenna, bushy ; palpi very large and bushy DaaujidQuia.

Slale .antennas ciliated ; apex of the fore wings rectangular Orlhiifidoina.

Male antennie heavily pectinated ; palpi short and thick; fore wings somewhat pointed,

but. not falcate Curip'hi.

Male antenna- plumose ; tore wings with the apex acute, square ; male .abdomen very sleDder..S(,'/i(;o«c«i«.

Maleantenna> simple, llattened ' Lo:iiijnimma.

Male antenna! well pectinated, ocbreons-yellow luiJitrJiiti.

Mall! antenn.T. either widl pectinated or only ciliated; |ialpi unusually long Tluimnoiwma.

Like Tlt((i}iiii}iio)ii(i, lint witli fore wings uol falcate; hiiiil wings marbled Ijcncatli Mariimpli ri/j\

201

I'ori' wiii^s sli-jlitlv (:ili:il<' : cobtiislraii-lil ; miti'i' iilf;<' liciil ; liiiid « iii;;s s(|iiar<- ; alKloinni

linif; ami sUmkUt ; hi ml tibi;o swolkii Plianitiiie.

Koro wiiijjs less siibfali ate lliaii in I'hmitiiie, willi rallu'i' S(|iiar( r liimi wiii^s I'xummalotUR.

Fore wiii^s disliiu'tly I'ali'ali'; lilnd win^N more or less aii<;iilar Siiniolhiiia.

LiUc .SVmiu//ii«i, but I lie male, anleiiiue heavily Jjeetinated ; Ihe markings Kouiewhat as in

J'iduiiia ICiimacaria.

GOKVroDES Giumk:',;. Plato 2, lijr. 1.

Gorytodcs (iiien., Thai., ii, 171), 18r>7.

riataa H.-Scb., Ausscreur. Sclini.,()4, IBoO-S?.

Malo iiiitcmia' |iluni(isc, much as in .ts/ii/i/Zi's. I'alpi Ioiilj ami slciidcr,

(•x1('ii(liiiif far hcvDiiil the front, as in Asji/'la/cs. hut not so arutc at the ends.

The trout ol' the head narrows more anteriorly than in Asp'datrs. Fore

winsJ^s iiiiusuallv locir and narrow, with the apex umcii ])rodiic(Ml, falcafn, tlu;

outer edge full, obliciuc, more or less sinuous, and ((1. //nranai ia) dentate;

the eosta straigliter than in AspHates. Hind wing much produced toward

the a|)ex. Venation: the costal vein unites for a greater distance than usual

with the subcostal vein, tinally throwing offa very short vein; two subcostal

cells: the apical cell very long: discal venules very olili(pie. Hind legs

long and slender, tarsi a little shorter than the tibia-. Alxlomen very long

and slender

This genus diti'ers from Axpildfes, to which it is nearly alli(!d, chietlv in
the long falcate tore wings, the more acute hind wings, and in having two
instead of one subcostal cell.

Whether Herrich-Schaetler's name was proposed and his figure pub-
lished before the publication of Guenee's, or not, seems uncertain ; but as the
latter's was accompanied liy a full, comparative description, I see no reason
why it should not 1)0 retained.

Si/nopsis of the Sjterics.

One siibmarginal line ; antenna' bro.idly ])('ctiuated O. uncanaria.

Two submargiual lines ; antenna; with short pect illations G. trilincaria.

GoRYTOUKS rxcAN.VRiA (Jiienoo. Plato 9, fig. o2

Gori/lodrs iiiicaiiariu Ouen., I'hal., ii, ISO, IS.")?.

Plalmi vaMfiirnnriii H.-Seh., Aus.serenr. Sehui., (M, (ig. f):.!", ISoll-riS.

Pack., Proc. Host. Sne. N. II., xvi, -.'(.pI. 1, fig. y4, 1^7 <(.

4 (?. — Body and antemito (which are broadi} pectinated) pale ash, con-
ooloroiis will) the hind wings. Fore wings ash, speckled with brown, with
L'tj p u

202

(wo (liirk, sliorl, longitudiiia] streaks, one on each side of the base of the
median vein. The costal half of the middle area of the wing occupied with
a Lirire, low, iri-egular, triangular dark-brown area, edged externally with
darker; apex ending in a knob, in one specimen produced angularly outward,
and connected with (sometimes separated from) an irregularly oval |)afch
under the third median venule, and which is traversed by a longitudinal
mesial white line. A sinuate, white, marginal Hne, beginning just before the
apex, and ending on the inner angle, and edged within with dark brown.
Frinsje pale ash, checkered with blackish. A black conspicuous discal dot,
in rul)bed specimens centered with white. Hind wings pale ash, with a
i'aint discal dot, and a dark, narrow, marginal line. Beneath, more or less
marbled with dark speckles. Fore wings with two parallel white lines,
iading away below the costal region, a slight ochreons tint along the costa;
a faint discal dot. Hind wings pepper-and-salt, wath two dark, parallel,
broad shades, angidated on the discal interspace, the outer line nearly touch-
ing the edge; of the wing ; discal dot larger and more distinct than on the
fore wings.

Length of body, O.GO; of fore wing, 0.75; expanse of wings, 1.50
inches.

California (Edwards) ; San Diego, Cal. (Crotch, Mus. Com]). ZoiJl.).

A fresh specimen received from Mr. Edwards differs from certain others
more rubbed (and which better agree with M. Guenee's description) in having
the large oval brown spot below Ihe median vein of the fore wings distinctly
united with the large costal triangular area, and in the more distinct bands
on the under side of the wnngs.

The broadly-pectinated plumose antenna^ the single sinuous submar-
ginal line, separate this species from G. triUnenria, in which the pectinations
are less than one-half as long, and in which there are two parallel, sinuous
and angulated, subnuirginal lines.

GoKYTODES TUiLiNEARiA Packard. Plate 9, tig. 33.

GunjimhK trUitnorin Pack., I'l-iu-. Dust. Soc. N. II., xvi, "21, jil. 1, fi;.;. "2:!, 1S7 I.

2 (?.— Whitish-ochreons. A larger species tluui (J. uncanaria, the
anleniue with much shorter jx'clinations, the palpi as long, but slenderer, the
wings of the same t()rm, l)ut with the ajx'x of primaries more rounded, the

203

wing l)i'iiig ;i lilUc loss {alcatc. Fore wings whhr. al base, and (ravcrsed hy
three white zigzag lines, the basal one on the inner Courth of wing, witli a
hirge angle on the submedian spaee, the apex of the angle filled in witli a
few black scales, as also the outer side of the line (widest here) in the discal
space; from the submedian angle is thrown out a narrow white lin(>, running
through the middle of an oval ochreous patch. A longitudinal white streak
in the discal space, and beyond a large, lunate, transverse, white spot, the two
forming a very distinct exclamation-mark. Beyond, two parallel zigzag white
lines, the inner scalloped deeply below the first median venule; the outer is
curved at the apex, and with a broad angle on tlie independent vein. Fringe
white, checkered with dark brown. Ilind wings white, fringe white.
Beneath as above, but the hind wings are crossed by two irregular, rather
distinct and broad bands of ochreous with I^lack scales, and the base of the
Aving is tiiintly peppered with dark and ochreous scales.

Length of body, 0.66 ; of fore wing, 0.82 ; exjianse of wings, 2.30 inches.

Nevada (Edwards); Arizona (Dr. Palmer, from the Museum of the
Department of Agriculture at Wasliington).

An exceedingly elegant moth, at once recognizable by the three white
lines, the mark of exclamation in the discal space and (he narrowly-jiectinated
antenna-. The specimen from Arizona is in bad condition, i)ut does not
seem to diller from the Nevada example.

EUASPILATES Packard. Plate 2, iig. 2.

This genus is intermediate in some respects between AspiliUes and
Stenha, with characters of its own. Tiie head is like tliat of ti/errlia, but
much fuller in front, with short palpi not projecting beyond the front. The
antennai arc j)ectinated as in S/errha, much less so tlian in Jspi/a/cs. The
fore wings are long, triangular, much produced toward the apex. The costa
sinuous, slightly curved in before the apex. The outer edge much longer
than in either of the two other genera, and very ol)lique. Hind wings
roun(l(>d, much as in Sterrlia. The venation dilfers from Slerrha and is
mucli as in Aspi/a(e-s. There is one subcostal cell and one subco.stal venule
less than in Aspilates. Two large, unequal, stout spines on tt."? base of fore
tibiae, wanting in Stenlm and Axpi/a/es: Legs mucli shorter and stouter
tlian in either of those two ifenera.

204

EuASPiLATES spiNATARiA Packard.

JCuaspilahi, spinulmiu Pack., Sixth Ui]>. Poali. Acad. Sc, 4.">, 1874.

1 (?. — Body and wings pure white. Fore wings with
four pale clay-brown, oblique lines, the basal very oblique
and extending along the inner side of the subcostal vein a
iCiiaspiiatis sphiataria. fhii'd of the length of the wing. The second line half-
way between the ba.sal and the third, and half as wide as third, embracing
till' (lark, discal, linear spot. Fourth line marginal; t>inge white on Itoth
wings. Hind wings pure white, with a small, dark, discal dot, and a narrow
])ale-l)r(Avu lin<' alouij; the edge. Beneath as above, but with the lines much
lainter. and with l()ur distinct discal dots.

Lenglli of body, 0.40; of tore wing, 0.54; expanse oi' wings, Llfi
inches.

Colorado Territory (A. K. Grote, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc).

This very interesting form may be recognized by the full bulging head,
the short palpi and stout spines on the base of the fore tibia', and by the
white wings, with the four peculiar, pale-brown, broad bands on the anterior

'*'"' ASPILATES Treitschke. Plate 2, fig. 3.

Krastria Hiibn., Saninil. Exot. Sclini., IbOfi.

Surrhodiu Hiibii., Ziitr., :i71,37->; Vcrz., 300, 1818.

Percoiila Hiibii. (in pait), Verz., Ud6, 1818.

CaUqnjrrha Hiibu., Verz., 3:!0, 1818.

" F.iisarm lliibn., f), v, 40, 1823."

AspUalvs Trcits., SVbm. Kiir., vi (i), 12(i, 1827.

Stepb., in., iii, 207, 18:!1.
" ParaUIhi Sudoil., Bull. S. I. Mosc, 17, 1837."
AspUatcs Boi.sd. (iii p.irt), Gen. lud., 187, 1840.

H.-Scli., Schiii. Eur., iii, 93, 1847.

Stepb.,Cat. Brit.Lep., 181, 18.'i0.

Lederer, Verb. Bol. Zool. Ges. Wieii, 238, 1853.

(Jueu., Plial., ii, 180, 1857.
Catopi/rrha Walk., List Lcp. Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, 10(14, 18()2.
A«]iihil<-9 Walk., List Lcp. Br. Mns., xxiv, 1005, 1802.

In this genus, the male ant(>nn;e an; usually heavily pectinated, the head
sc|uare in front, and the ])alpi very long and acute, porrect. The'fore wings
are short and broad, triangular; costa .straight, or curved; apex rectangular,
not tiilcate. Hind wings rounded at the apex, outer edge full and rounded.
Veualion : three short sid)costal venules; one subcostal cell. Hind legs:
male hind tibi;e somewhat swollen ; tarsi two-thirds as long as the tibiiv.
Abdomen rather long and slender. C()lorali(ni : usually ])ale, with from one

205

1(1 four lines nii ilic lore \\ iiii;s, llic w iniis IximmIIi iimir or less reddish in
some species.

This goiuis niny be i<hii1ifi(d hv tlie \c\\ hciivilv-iiecliiuiled iiiiile
anteiinsp, the long, very sh'iider ludpi, and the hiaii-idhxcd under si(h' of llie
wincfs of the larirer species.

Si/nfij).s/s of the Sjx'ciex.

\Vliitisli stra\v-c<)li)i-, willi I'liiii' i).nli'-liri>\Mi lines /. A-faKiiuria.

Wbitish ccliiL'ous, often thitklv s)ieeklf(l with liiow n scales, a slraifjlit outer line eiiilii){;

oil the apex, the wing olteii lirowii lieyoml I. pinatiu.

Graiiite-gniy, with a vinous tinjje ; tinged lieKealli w iili hi iglit red..' (. coloruriu.

Brijjht oehiious, tiufjetl heneath with venuilion .(. dix«imilaria.

Dull reddish-oehieouK, with two (iJiiiiiKin l.lai k intenuiiti d lines, and an ontei- row of

Iilaek s])<)ts on the tore wings I. fiiiliicrtiriti.

ASPILATES (,il'AJ)KI-l'ASCIARIA Packard.
Jipilalis i-fasciaria Pack., Filth li'ej-. I'eah. Acad. Se., (i'J, 167:i.

V y 1 i. — Ahoiil tlu! size ol'. and allied stnictiirally lo.

^^^^^)js^^^.;/ A. gilvaria of Europe, liiit differing much in tiie mark-

.-c vfey';^/^ ing ; it is rather smaller than A. jicrra/ia; comparefl

^<^i>">5(^£i/ with the latter, the antenna' ai'c not so withdy pecli-

Aspiiaics i-fasdaria. niiii'd ; the forc wings are of much the same shape, hut

the co.sta is much more convex, while the outer edge is less so, and the hind

winys are not so fullv rounded. Bodv and win<rs uniformly pale yellow-

ochreous, fringe concolorous. Fore wings crossed l)y four faint darker bands,

straight, parallel, the second in the middle of the wing the widest; the two

outer ones nearer together than either of the others, the fourth hand not

reachiiiiT the apex, and narrower tiian tln^ others. (Jn the hind wings fliree

similar bands, licneath as above, witli the lines reproduced and not much

less distinct than al)ove.

Length of l)ody, S. 0.46; of fore wing, c? , 0.57; expanse of win<rs, 1.20
inches.

Kansas (T. Glover, from United States xVirricultural Department) ;
Lawrence, Ivans. (Snow); l)oid<ler, Colo., June 2i) (Packard, Ilayden's
Survey).

This species differs so much from any otlwrs we have thiit its pale
ochreous color, without any dark specks above or below, and the tour slightly
oblirpie parallel bands, will enable one easily to deteiniine it.

20(>

'I'his is one of tbo most common Geometrid moths fi)nnd in Colorado.

It occurs in the valleys leading from the plains up among the foot-hills, and

will undoubtedly be found in river-valleys on the plains away from the

mountains.

AspiLATES PERVARiA Packard Plate 9, fig. 34.

A»inlaits perruria Pack., Fifth Rep. Pe.ab. Acad., So. , 02, 187;i.

G i and 5 9. — Smaller than A. dissimilaria Hiibn. ; antennse broadly
pectinated, but the branches not inclined to be caught together, being stiifer;
l)alpi one-half smaller. Fore wings less pointed at apex ; hind wings not
extending beyond tip of abdomen, while in A. dissimilaria they reach a little
way beyond. Cream-white (rarely snow-white), with a very slight ochreous
tinge. Front of head and palpi brown. Both wings either quite clear or
finely speckled, or with heavy, large-brown specks. A single outer, oblique,
l)rown line on primaries (sometimes wanting) fading out just before reaching
the costa, sometimes the wing beyond the line is shaded with brown. Discal
dots dark, distinct on both wings (varying in size on either pair). Beneath
much as above ; the single line usually reproduced. The discal dots very
distinct.

Length of body, <?, 0.50-0.57, 9, 0.50; of fore wing, S, O.GO-0.70, 9,
0.56-0.60; expanse of wings, 1.35 inches.

Papineau, Mo. (Riley); Texas, May 21-23; Oct. 3-Nov. 11 (Belfiage,
]\Ius. Peab. Acail. Sc). This very variable species may be recognized by its
whitish-speckled wings, with a single outer brown line on primaries, the
wing beyond sometimes tinged with brown; also by the presence of the dark
discal dots. It is in some respects allied to the European Aspilates gilvaria.
It is evidently double-brooded.

The single Missouri specimen differs from all the Texas examples in
being snow-wliite above and beneath. The oblique submarginalline is repre-
sented by a few scattered dark scales, the middle of the wing being clear
of them, while beyond tlie line and on the costal edge they are quite thickly
scattered, as also over the hind wings, so that the whole mot,h is without any
markings except the s])eckles.

Aspilates colorakia Cuende. Plate 9, figs. 35, 36.

"Phahv.na cnloraria V:\hv., Siipiil. Eiit. Syst., 96-97, 1798."
Crociphora accessaria HiU)ii., Ziitr., 2(;, figs. .'jO:!, 504, 18-25.
fGeometra '^crucntnria Iliibn., Eiirop., tab. 10, fi^. 48."

207

t .■IspilalcscruciitariaTrtiits.fSchm. Eur., vi (i), 1827.

tDui)., Lep. Franco, viii (v), 128, i>l. 170, iig. 8, 1830.
Aspilahs coloraria Gnen., Pbal., ii, IS!, 1857.
Catopijrrha criiciitaria Walk., LLst Lep. Br. Miis , xxiv, lOfi."), 1862.
Crociphora coloraria var. nj)liwn»nacliaria Ilarvoy, Hull. Soc. Nat. Sc. Bullalo, 284, 1875.

3 c? 1 9 . — Ol" the same .size as dissimilaria ; dark stone-jrray, speckled
witli l)hu'kisli. Male; aiitemiit! dark gray; those of tlie female aniiidated finely
with gray and whitish, exactly as in A. dissimUaria. Palpi as in dissimUaria,
l)ut deeper red. The cut of the wings is almost exactly as in dmimilaria;
the position and form of the outer band is the same; l)oth wings, however,
are dull stone-gray, with a vinous tinge, especially on the fringe. An inner
dusky band crosses the site of the discal dot, and runs parallel to the outer
line, but is more decidedly curved on the costa. Half-way betwe(>n the middle
band and the insertion of the wing is a still more curved l);isal liand. The
wing is speckled with dark .scales; and in the middle of the wings, just out-
side of and touching the outer line, is a dark spot not present in disdmilaria.
On the hind wings are two mesial, dusky bands, not observed or nearly obso-
lete in specimens of dissimUaria. Under sid(^ of both wings tinged more
or less with a decided bright brick-red, with the two outer bands repeated as
above, but less curved and more distinct, the inner one running just inside
of the distinct black discal dot. The basal line is wanting. The two bands
distinct. Legs pale-gray. Abdomen concolorous with the rest of the body
and wings.

Length of body, c?, 0.00; of fore wing, 3, 0 G.5 ; expanf.(M)f wings, 1.40
inches.

London, Canada, May .'Jl (Saunders); Brooklyn, Long Islands (Graef);
Albany, N. Y., May 1(5-June 4 (Lintner); "Georgia" (Guent'e).

This species is so much like A. dissimUaria that I am inclined to regard
it almost as a melanized form of that species. It differs in the much darker
wings, while the under side of the wings are light brick-red, instead of ver-
milion. I look for the occurrence of specimens of dissimUaria, with mark-
ings identical with those of this form, only diilering in color. It will lie an
interesting inquiry to ascertain whether it is only a melanotic variety.

Larva. — "The caterpillar is more elongated than the preceding [J. dis-
simUaria\ of a clear brownish-red, with the incisions darker and somewhat
radiated. The dorsal spots are brown, but finer and more elongated. TIhj
head and all the feet arc concolorous. It lives on Rubus .strigosvs, a/hidus, and
other species of Riihw^''' — Guenee.

208

UiifiK-f (louhls wliellicr I'reitsclike or Du]h)1icIi(^I riglilt'uUy regarded this
as a Suiilh-Eiiropeaii species, and hy Staudiuger (Catalog) it is not mentioned
as a European moth.

AspiLATES DissiMir ARIA Giient'e.

Eraslria dinsimilaria Hubn., Samnil. Exot. Si'biii., bd. 1, I'-'OO.

Catopyrrha disnimihiria Hiibu., Verz., :iOI, 181S.

Jspihiltx dissimilariu Ghpu., I'hal., ii, 182, lfr>7.

Catopun-ha dhsimildria Walk., Lep. llet. Br. Mus., xxiv, 1004, 1^()2.

f) c? and 2 9. — Head pale l)n)\vn in front. Pal[ii yellow. Body and
wings bright eitron-yellow, withont any markings above, but usually with
three broad, dusky, slightly-curved l)ands on the fore wing, one t)asal band
more curve*! than the others: two or three dark blotches just l)eyon(l l)ut
adjoining the outer line on the posterior lialf of the wing; both wings .slightly
speckled with tine dark scales. Hind wing with two faint, straight sliades
quite near together and parallel. Fringe pink yellowish at inner angle and
along the inner edge.

Two females differ in the strigne and specks and bands on the fore wings
(none on hiiul wings) being dull pink. Male antennae granite-gray, in the
female white, witii scattered, dark s|iecks above. Beneath, Ijright ochreous-
yellow; both wings crossed by two nearly parallel, broad, |)ink shades, with
tine, scattered, dull-pink scales over the wing. Sometimes the inner band
Ijcneatii is nearly obsolete, leaving large jiink discal dots, and whole under
surface is suffused with pink, and the l)ody is pinkish on the sides.

Length of ])0(ly, J, ().5r)-0 GO, 9, 0.50; ti)re wing," <?, 0.70-0.75, 9,
0.72; expanse of wings, l.,'i5-1.50 inches.

Albany, New York, June 29 ; West Virginia, 3105, July 7 (Lintner);
Illinois (Clemens); Georgia (Le Conte, Grote, Harris Coll., IMus. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist.); Texas, May 3-2;5 (Beifragc, Mus. Peab. Acad. 8c.); .Maryland
(81 ration, Mus. Comp ZoJil.); Long L-<land, N. Y., July 2 (Graef).

This species varies greatly, but may always l)e recognized liy the bright-
yellow color of the wings and the pink fringe, and dusky band al)ov(^ (when
l)rcsent), and beneath by the broad pink lines and suffused pink tint.

Hiibuer represents the male above with but one (outer) common band
and a costal spot, the rudinu'ut of the middle line. In the female, the three
l)ands are present on llie fore wings and one on the hind wings; the inner
l)an(l only extending li-(Mn the costa to the median vein. The under side of

2oy

hotli the iiiiilc and tciuiilt! have two (•(imiiion l)aiuls, and tlic iiiidcr surface
oi" llic rciiialc is sprinkled witli dark s|»()ts hesides.

Larra. — "Caler])illar ot" a _v<'ll()\s isli-green, with tlie dersal region cleann',
limited by two subdorsal lines of a dark green. TIk; vascular line re])laced
on the intermediate rings by l)laek marks, which stop on the first half. Stig-
inatal line of a deep green. Head and feet scaly, red. It lives in April and
Jlay on Trifoimm. The chrysalis is of a clear reddish-yellow color." —
Gu(!nc'e.

AspiLATEs LiNTNERARi.v Packard. Plate !), figs. 87, 38.

Anpilahs lintiniariii I'ack., Sixth Kep. IVali. Acatl. So., 44, 1S74.

4 c?. — This line large species is of the same size as A. dhsimilaria
(lliibn.), but the anteiiii;v are less densely pectinated, thougli the bran(dies
are as long. The paljji are one-half as large; and do not projec^t beyond the
front. The fore wings are subfalcate, acute, and the hind wings decidedly
bent in the middle. Body and wings uniformly reddish fawn-brown. An-
tennae horn-color. Fore wings with three narrow, parallel, more or less inter-
rupted, blackish lines; the basal much curved; the middle one curved just
below the costa, straight beyond; the outer (third) a little curved. Half-way
beyond this line and the outer edge of the wing is a row of intervenular,
round, black spots, edged externally with whitish. There is no spot in the
extradi seal space. An oblique, blackish, apical streak. Hind wings with the same
markings, wanting only the basal line, while the outer row of spots are smaller
than those on the fi)re wings Fringe slightly darker than above. Beneath
uniformly pale fawn-brown, slightly paler than al)ove, with no lines, but small,
scattered, dark, transverse specks and four small discal dots. A row of three or
four black dots near the apex Abdomen and legs concolorous with the Ijody.

Length of body, J, 0.55 ; of fore wing, 6 , 0.75 ; expan.se of wings, 2.00
inches.

Amherst, Mass. (Professor Peabody); Albany, N. Y., September 14
(Lintner) ; London, Canada (Saunders).

Easily distinguished by its large size and bright-reddish fawn-color
above and beneath, and by the three dark, narrow lines, of wliicli the outer
(third) is interrupted in the middle of the wing, two oi' which are continued
on the hind wings; also by the outer row of black spots

Li a remarkably sufiused variety (pi. 'J, fig 37), taken iiy Prof. S. 11.

Peal)ody either at Racine, Wis., or Amherst, Mass.. imt probably the former,
1.7 V II

L'lO

llu; rccioii betwccMi the l)as;il ami Ihinl liii(> on l)()tli wings is blacki-sli, the
outer edsje of llie l)roa(l hand droply excavated in tlie middle of the wing.
The black spots in the outer row are larger than usual, and extend nearly to
the edge of (he wing, while the apical streak is broad and dilfuse. The
fringe is considerably darker tlian the rest of the wing. Beneath as iisnal,
with tlu; sul)n)ari,^inal row of lilack spots i)resent on l)oth wings.

Desidcrafd.
AripUates atropunctana Walk., List Lep llet. Br. Mns., xxvi, 1673,
]3(j2. — "3{(ile. Pale yellowish fawn-colour. Head in front deep fawn-colour.
Palpi pilose, obliquely ascending, not rising so high as the vertex ; third joint
extremely mimile. Antenn;c broadly pectinated, except towards the tips.
Abdomen slightly attenuated; a[)ical tuft rather long. Wings rather broad,
with a straight, deep, tiivvn-coloured line, which extends from Ixsyond the
middl(! of the interior border of the hind wings nearly to the tips of the fore
wings, where it is retracted to the costa ; discal point black. Fore wings
a(uite, with a slight interior, angular, liiwn-coloured line; costa and exterior
border hardly convex, the latter rather oBlique. Length of the body, 6 lines;
of the wings, 15 lines. East Florida."

Aspilatcs (ibbrcviutaWnWi., List, xxvi, 1G73, 1862. — "Male. Testaceous.
Palpi l)roa(l, obtuse, oblicpiely ascending, not rising so high as the vertex;
third joint nearly obsolete. Antennaj broadly pectinated. Plindtibiee slightly
incras.sated. Wings rather short, with a brown discal point, and a brown,
oblique, exterior, nearly straight line. Fore wings acute, minutely speckled,
with two interior indistinct darker lines; marginal points brown, very small;
(\\teri()r border slightly convex and oblique. Hind wings paler. Length ot
l»i)dy, I lines; ol the wings, 11 lines. CJeorgia."

As/j/li//(s (/ii/ni/t/r/i/ Walk., List, xxvi, 1(174, 18G"J. — "Male. Cinereous,
slender. Head broad in front. AntenucC broadly pcH'tinated. Aixlomen not
extending beyoiul the hind wings. Wings elongate, minutely blackish-
speckled, with an cxtericn', oi)lique, nearly straight line of Idackish points;
submarginal Thk; Ijrownish, very indistinct; marginal i)oints black Fore
wings acute; costa straight; exterior border hardly convex, very tddique.
L(!ngth of the I)ody, [i lines; of (he wings, 14 lines. Georgia."

Aspila/cf cunomria Walk., i^ist, xxvi, 1()7I, 1862. — "Male. Whitish cin-
ereous. H(>a(l Inteoiis in lVon(. l';il|)i very short and slender, not extending

211

hcyoiid the iVoiit. Aiifi'iiii;r iikkIciiiIcI v |i('cliiiiilc(l. Lci^s siiinotli, slender;
spurs rallier sliorl. ^^'illlzs r.illier liroad, iiiiiiulelv brown-speckled; cxleiior
lino hiaekisli, ()l)li(pie. zii,'/.ag; discal Idackisli, el()n<fali'<k I'^ore \\in<rs Inirdiv
arnte; interior line Idackisli, zii^zag ; costu and exterior border very sliijiitly
convex, tlic latter moderately obli(iue. Hind wings very little paler than the
lore wings, exteiuliiig beyond the abdomen. Length of body, 5 lines ; of the
wings, 14 lines. Nova Scotia."

"Var. ft. Head not luteous in I'roul. Lines and disCal niarks ot'tlu' wings
brown. Length of the body, 7 lines; cd' the wings, 18 lines."

Aspilatcs xlrigidarid Walk., List, xxvi, KiTo, 18G2. — "Male. Cinereons.
Palpi porrect, short, broad, extending a little beyond the head; third joint
extremely niinnte. Antenna' pubescent. Alxlonien hardly extending beyond
the hind wings. Hind tibi;e slightly inerassated, with I'onr s|)tirs, oi' which
the first pair are much longer than the apical pair. Wings transversely
brown-speckled; marginal points black. Fore wings hardly acute ; interior
and exterior lines blackish, oblique, the first straight, the second undulating^
space along the outer side of the exterior line partly and irregularly clou<led
vvitliL brown ; discal mark brown ; exterior border straight, rather oblifjue.
Ilind wings witb some straight, indistinct, brownish lines. Length of the
body, 5-5i lines; of the wings, 13-14 lines. East Florida.''

AqrUates oJeniisaria Walk., List, xxvi, I'GTG, 18G2. — ''Male. Luteous.
Head rosy in front. Antennas cinereous. Wings with an ol)li(iue, nearly
straight, purplish-rosy e.vterior line ; fringe puridish-rosy ; under sidt; iiright
luteous, with transverse ros}' speckles, and with two broad rosy bands. Fore
wings with the interior and middle lines purplish-rosy, indistinct. Hind
wings paler than the fore wings. Length ol the body, 5.j-(! Iiii(;s; oi' the
wings, 15-16 lines. East Florida. Georgia."

CHLORASPILATES, ge„. mr.

Head, palpi, and antennge, and form of the body and legs as in Aspilatcs.
Antennee of the male heavily pectinated to just belbn; the ti]). Palpi very
large and broad at the end, extending far beyond the head, the third joint
being small and rounded. The wings are small and narrow, somewhat as in
Lythria. Fore wings nariow, the cosia less convex than in Li//hria, while
the outer edge is mu(di less (d)li(|ue. The hind wings are a little longer and

212

less roiinded lliau in As///I(itcs, but more roiiiidcil tluui in Lythrla, the apex
being much roun(h'(l. The al)(lt)nien is loug and slmider, tufted much as in
Aftpilatcs. The iiind h'gs are very long and slender, Ihe four liliial s[)urs long
and slender; tarsi as long as the tibite. C'i)l()ialion : fore wings, head, and
thorax green ; abdomen and hind wings ochreous.

This genus would at tirst be mistaken for one of the subfamily Goiiic-
trince, from the green thorax and fore wings, but the characters are like those
of A.spilatcs, as seen in the palpi, which are larger, but very much broader,
in the heavily-pectinated antennpe, the long slender hind legs, and the peculiar
form of the abdomen. The venation is similar to that of Aspilutcs, but a
careful study could not l)e made on the single specimen received.

Chloraspilates bicoloraria, sp. nov. Plate 13.

1 (?. — Head and palpi greenish-ochreoiis ; antenna3 dark brown; thorax
above and fore wings deep pea-green ; costa ochreous ; apex, however, green.
Three black small costal spots, the third one the largest and sinuate. On the
basal third of the wing is a faint, pale, straight line, which ends at the same
distance from the insertion of the wing on the inner edge of the wing as on
the costal. A straight extradiscal dark line. No discal dot or any other
markings on the front wings, which are uniformly dull-greenish. The hind
wings are pale-ochreous, dusted with pinkish scales, and with a brown extra-
discal line, and faint traces of a parallel submarginal one. Beneath, both
wings are nniformly ochreous, with pinkish speckles, but with no markings.

Length of liody, i, 0.4.']; fore wings, c?, 0.45; expanse of wings, 0.90
indi.

Bastrop, Tex. (Meske).

This beautiful species may be readily distinguished by its small wings,
th(^ anterior pair Ix'ing dull green, and the hinder pair ratiier bright ochreous.
Larentia profiigana (H.-Sch., Aussereur. Schm , p. 6(5, tigs. 410, 411) may
l)elong to this g(Mius; at any rate, it is allied to A.spila/cs, and does not belong
to the Lareiitince. He gives the locality as North America.

STENASPILATEiS,* gm. nov.

Tins gemisis closely allied to Jspikites, but the wings are much narrower,
and it differs in other important res])ects. Tlu' palpi arc large and broad,

* (Trfi'df, narrow, in allusion to the narrow wings ; Asinlates

•Ji:)

very stout, wliilc those of Aspilate.s art; loiiy iiiid slender; Ilie\ do not extend
so far l)e_von«l the front as in Aspilalcs; tlie third joint is siiort and thiei\: tiie
male aiitcim;,e are heavily j)ectiiiate(l, n)U(h as in Aspi/otcs. '\'\\v winiis ar(;
longer and narrower; fore winj^s will) tlie eosta slraiirlit, heeoniing rounded
at the ai)(.'X,'witli the outer edife short, less ohiique than in Aspilatcs. Hind
wings niucli i)roduced toward fiie w(dl-rounded apex, tiie outer edge long
and decidedly sinuous, not reaching to the end of the al)d(ni;en, \\ hicdi is
long and slender.

This genus is well marked and intermediate in some respects between
Aspilates and ChloraxpUafes. It may be recognized l)y the stout, l)road palpi
and narrow wings, the hinder ])air heing somewhat sinuous on the outer edge.

Stenaspilatics Meskaria, .•<p. nor. Plate lH.

1 J. — Body and wings grayish-hrown, wilha taint olivaceous tint. Fore
wings with a basal shade crossing the wing, curved broadly outward opposite;
the large, white, oblong, conspicuous, discal spot. The outer line is white,
linear, shaded broadly within with dark brown, especially toward \hv, imier
edge of the wing; the line is parallel with the outer edge of the wing on
the costal liall", l)ut posteriorly curves inward slightly and then- makes a sud-
den curve outward, ending on the outer third of tlie inner edge of the wing.
Beyond this line, the wing is clearer, with a few dark patches, and a submar-
ginal, broad, light shade, disappearing before reaching the costa, but ending
distinctly on the inner angle of the wing. The hind wings are concolorous
with the anterior pair, but are slightly clearer, with transverse dark striga;
and two parallel dark lines, of whieh the inner is the more distinct, l^eyond
this the margin ol the wing is clouded, and below the middle of tin; inner
edge are two or three black dots. Beneath, the wings are lighter, clearer than
above, with faint traces of the extradiscal line on the t<)re wings, while on
the hind wings, besides the two -short, dark, diffuse lines, is a large, black,
broken, discal spot.

Length of body, <? , 0.55; fore wing, <?, 0.55; expanse of wings, LOG
inches.

Texas; colh'clioi! of j\Ir. Meske. to whom the species is dedicated.

214

1Y)1{.N()S Monisuii. rialc 2, lig 4.

rormm Jloir., I'roc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvii, iilT, 1875.

In this singular 'geims, the Avings are so long and narrow that it might, on
casual inspection, l)e mistaken for a Noctuid. The male antennae ai'e, however,
heavil}' ])cctinate(l, exactly as in Aspi/ates; the head is moderately broad in
front. The ])al[)i are largo, hroad, and stout at the end, not slender and acute
as in Aspilatcs. Fore wings long and narrow, costa very straight, apex ■
suhrectangidar; outer (Mlge not very obrujue, niucli shorter than usual com-
pared with the Iciiglh of llie inner edge. Hind wings much produced loward
the ap(!X, not exlcnding beyond the end of the abdomen, and sometimes not
so far as the tij). Venation: there is no subcostal cell, and but five subcostal
venules, two only being lliiown ofi" to the costa, where three are in Aspilates.
Independent vein near the last subcostal, as in Aspilates; but three median
venules, as in •AWrhalmildce, there being as a rule (indeed, I know of no excep-
tion) four in tlie Noctuidm. Abdomen as usual in Aspilates; male hind legs,
with the tibiae, a little swollen, and the tarsi nearly as long as the tibia?..

This aberrant genus ditfers from Aspilates mainly in the broad, thick
palpi, the long, narrow wings, and the want of a subcostal cell, and in having
but five subcostal venules, six being the usual number. This genus was
placed among the Noctuidce by Mr. H. K. Morrison.

Si/nopsis of the Species.

Oftcu 11^1' t ; outer ccl^o short T. rnhigitiosnria.

Dark; outer edge of fore wing longer iu iirojiortion than in ruhiginosaria T, approximaria,

ToRNOS RiiBKUNOSAKiA Morrison. Plate 'J, tig. 39.

Tonios ruhigiiKiHiiH ilorr., I'loe. ]>o.st..Soe. Nat. Hist., xvii, ^18, 1875.

7 J and 5 9. — Wings long and narrow; outer edge short. Antennae
well pectinated. Body and wings usually cream-colored, chocolate-brown,
sometimes brown. Fore wings with a much curved, irregular, basal, dark hair-
line (often obsolete, and only represented l)y a square, dark, costal dot). The
discal dot is composed of long, raised, blackish scales, forming a large, conspicu-
ous tid't. Through the (H.sc;d spot- runs ;i dusky band, curved outward just
below the costa (often ob.>iolete, and represented only l)y a broad costal dot,
situated witliin the discal spot). An outer, curved, sinuous, dark line, more
(fislincl Ihiin the others, and making a great curve outward, opposite the (lis-

2 1 5

(•ill (l(i( ; llu' line is ollcii l)ri)kcn, coiisisliii^' of l)l;ick dols IJcvond a sul)-
inargiiial rt)\v of wliilc dels llic \vh\ii i^' l)l;K'kish, ami within the line it is
liiiged with icddisli-ln-owu. Hind winirs roncolorons with the anlnior pair,
and niarUod in the sanic manner. No hasal line; .cxlradisf-d line curved
and scaUoped. I^dire of (he winj,' dark. l?enea(h (kirk creani-CDhjr, snllnsed
with (lark scales, with a common, dillnse. dnskv shade, and cid^je oC Ixith w in<fs
dusky. Discal dots distinct. lA'iis cnncolorons with the hodv, wit h dark
scal(*s. Abdomi'n somewhal carinated, and wit h distinct lateral projections.

J.(Mij,dli ol' h(Kly, <?, 0 45, 9,0.45; of li)re winir, S, 0.45-0.51;, 9, 0.5;5 ;
expanse of win<is, 0 85-1.15 inches.

Lawrence, Kansas (F. II. Snow); Missouri, A]>ril 1 i) (Rihu'); Waco,
Texas, May, June 29, July l-_>, October (Belfragc;, JIus. Teal). Acad. Sc);
Dcmopolis, Alabama (Grotc).

This is a very variable species, and it is Iiald(' to l)e mistaken for a
Noctiiid motli, the wings are so unusually narrow and the outer edge sosliort.
It may, on this ac(:ount, and from the ])resence of the large discal tnit of
dark, raised scales, be separated from its allied forms. It is very variable, and
it would be easy to ''make" three species out of the specimens I have liefore
me. The normal common form has, as a gronnd-color, a cream-lint ; in others,
from Missouri and Te.xas, the wliole insect is suH'used witli a ciiocolale-tint
so uniformly as to obscure the lines. Tlie e.xtradiscal line on both winjrs
differs in distance from the discal dot. Some specimens are intermediate in
hue between the dark and cream-colored examples. Some dark specimens
are so much smaller than the normal size as to be easily mistaken for a dis-
tinct species.

Mr. Riley states that when the moth is at rest the alidomen is rai.sed
almost perpendicular to the; thorax, while the'head is held downward.

The moth is evidently double-brooded in Texas, according to the dates
given by Mv. IJelfrage. 1'lie ligure of the larva and pupa on plate 13 are
copied from Ai)bot.

ToiiN'OS Ari'KOXlMAKI.\, .sy^ iinr. I'lale 11, fiir. 40.

- cf- — In this species, the wings are shorter and broader; I lie oujer edge
of the fore wings longt?r, with a rectangular apex, the antenna' with shorter
pectinations Hum in the otluu- species.

The btjdy and .wings ari; niiifornil\- cho('olale-brown, both aliove and

216

boneath, including the legs The basal black hair-line is rather farther from
the insertion of the wing than in the other species; is regularly curved, not
wavy, and ends the same distance from the insertion of the wing on the inner
edge as on the costal edge of the wing. Just within the linear discal dot is
a fine black line, curved outward from the costa to just below the median vein,
where it makes a re-entering angle, and thence is directed outward again,
ending obHquely beyond the inner edge of the wing; the extradiscal line
runs jjarallel and very near to if. There are no oilier markings on the wing.
Hind wings exactly like the fore wings, with no markings except the indis-
tinct discal dot. Beneath of the same color as above, with no markings
except the four discal dots.

Length of body, <?, O.oli; of fore wings, cf, 0.46; expanse of wings,
1.00 inch.

Kentucky (Sanborn, Ky. (leol. Survey, Mus. CV)mp. ZooL).

This pretty species differs from the other by its uniformly chocolate
color, and the two outer parallel sinuate lines much nearer together than
usual, the inner nearly touching the discal spot.

In the museum of the Peabody Academy of Science is another species
from Texas, much smaller, with very narrow wings, but with similar mark-
ings and of the same color as in the present species. The outer edge of the
wing is much longer than in either of the two larger species.

ZERENE Treitschke. Plate 2, fig. 5.

OrthoDtixis Hiibn., Samiiil. Exot. Sclira., bd. ii, 1806.

Ortlw.stixis Hiibn. (in jiart), Vor/,., 304, 18IG.

ZtTcne Tri'its., (in part) Schni. Eur., vi (ii),ai7, 1828.

Guon., Thai., ii, 221, 1857.

W^alk., List Lep. Ilet. Br. Mas., xxiv, ll:!fi, 1862.

Head of moderate size; front scpiare, moderately full. Palpi very small
and slender, acutely pointed, porrect, not projecting beyond the head. An-
tenn;u plumose, the branches thick and slender. Fore wings with the costa
i'ull, especially toward the Ijase of the wing, the apex rectangular, outer edge
inu(-h as in Aspilatei:, not very oliKKpu', and moderately convex. Hind wings
much nion^ produced toward the apex than in Aspildlcs, and not angled in
the middle.. Venation in its general relations as in A.spilufes, but 1 here are
two sul)costal cells, the inner varying in size, lozenge-shaped, the outer long
and narrow, linear, (;urved, nuu-li as in Aspi/atcs. The independent vein

17

originates fartlicr Iroiii the si.vlli siihcostiil lliaii usual, wliilt' tlic |)(isU'ri(>r
(liscal venule is very (>l)li(iiie and is nol curved inward as in Axpilales. 'Wv
arrai)geinent of llic ind(>[)en(lent voin and discal venules is niucli as in Orllin-
ficlonhi. Hiad legs long and rather thick ; tii(> tarsi stout and as long as tlic;
tihi;v. Alxloiiien long and slender. Coloration: pure white, with lila(d< an-
•tcnn;e and black dots and lines on the wings, and a yellow head and patagia.
This genus may be recognized ])y having such small, acute, slender pal|)i,
by the plumose antenna', and the double sul)costal areole.

From the European OrHiosdris, its nearest ally, it dilfers in the smaller
])alpi and plumose antenna', while it may l)e always distingnisiied from
Aspilates by ihs beautiful mode of coloration and the other points already
stated.

Zerknk catenaki a ri!uene(\

Geometia catenaria Cnimcr, I'.ip. Exot., iii, (il, iil. 2W, tij;. :!, E. — 'T ^ ^
Geometra calenavia Drury, 111. Xat. Hist., i, 17, pi. 8, fift. ;t, 1770.
Dialwna catenaria Fabr., Eut. Syst., iii (piirt ii), 140, 1794.
Ortlwstixis caltnana Hiibii., Saimnl. Exot. Schm., btl. ii, 180().
liiipahia catenarius We.stw. vA. Drury, i, 16, pi. 8, Iii;. 3.
/Avene catenaria Giicii., Pli.il. ii, 222, 18ij7.

Walk., List Lup. Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, l\M\ ia(>2.

10<?and 10 9. — This common moth iseasilv
recognized by its large size, the snow-wiiife,
thin wings. Head ochreous-yellow in front;
thora.x yellowish at the base of the patagia.
Fore wings white, with a black, narrow, zigzag
line on the inner third of the wing; the line
is more or le.ss obsolete, ot\en having venular
dots. A distinct discal spot. A .scalloped, black line half-way between the
discal dot and the outer edge. Fringe checkered with black dot.s. Male
antenna? very plumo.se. End of male abdomen yellowish.

Length of body, <?,0.7(), 9, 0.50-0.70; length of fore wing, <?, 0.85, 9,
0.65-0.75; expanse of wings, 1.10-1.80 inches.

Brun.swick, Me., September 1-10, al)un{lant (Packard); Portland, Me.
(>[()rse); Salem, Mass., October 15 (A. F. Gray); Cambridge, Mass. (Harris
Coll.); Salem, Mass. (EmertoiO ; Albany, X. Y., Sept(Mnber 8-19 (Linlner);
New Jersey (Sachs); Waterbury, Conn., September 20 (W. H. Patton); Plum
Creek, Colo., Septeml^er 22, 25 (Lieutenant Carpenter, Hayden's Survey).
This common moth is .single brooded, not appearing until about tln^
28 p II

Zcrene c.iteiiaria.

218

iniddlci ol' Se|)((;iiil)cr, and ll.ying milil about, llic middle ol' Oclolx-r in tlin
New England States. Tlie larva is not unconiinon, feeding on sedges, ete.

In coloration, the ten specimens collected by Lieutenant Carpenter do
no( differ from eastern ones; but on comparing tlieni (5 <? and 5 9 ) with fifteen
(10 c? and 5 9) s})ecimens from Massachusetts, I find lliatihe wings of the
Colorado moths are uniformly more pointed toward the a])ex, the outer edge
more oblique, and the wing narrower than in the eastern examples. The
fore wing of the largest Colorado moth measured 0.95 inch in length, and
Ihaf of the Massacluisetts specimen O.fJO inch.

Larva. — Head of the same width as the prolhoracic segment, divided by
a slight median crease into two lobes. The body is cylindrical, of uniform
width throughout, a little thicker over the first j)air of al)dominal feet; pale
straw-yellow. Two subdorsal brown hair-lines, and two similar ones on the
sides, interrupted by two, large, conspicuous, angular, black dots, — a pair on
each ring. Beneath, three hair-lines on each side of the body. The head
and prop-legs are dotted with black. Lengtli, 1.50 inches. It feeds in Maine
on Car ex Pensylimnlca.

It has been found, August 1-14, in Danvers, Mass., l)y jMr. Gray, feeding
upon the blackberry, wood- wax, wild indigo, etc .transforming into the i)upa
August 14, previously spinning a slight but well-formed web of yellow threads
among the leaves.

Puj)a. — Pale yellow, dotted slightly with black. Head well rounded;
abdomen acute; wings reaching to near the hinder edge of the fourth abdom-
inal ring; length, 0.68 inch. It remains in the pupa state from three to
four weeks. For figures of the larva and pupa see plate 13.

HyEMATOriS Hiibner. Plate 2, fig. 6.

Jlwmatopis Hiibuer, Vorz , 301, 1818.

Geyer, Hiibii. Zntr., 9, fiRs. 82:!, 824, l837.

Guuii., Phal., ii, 170, 1857.

W;ilk., List Lc|>. llet. Br. Miis., xsiv, 10.5:!, 1862.

Front of the head rather longer than l)r()a(l ; male anteiuwe plumose,
th(^ branches very slender. Palpi slender, aeule, projecting .a little beyond
the front. Fore wings long and lathtM- narrow, much produced b)ward the
apex, which is pointed but. not tidcate ; costa straight, outer edge very ob-
licpie. Hind wings rounded at tlie apex, older edge with a distinct bend ;
the inner angle reaclu^s to the, end of the aI)domen. Venation: six subcostal

210

luiuiclirs: ;i small, sliiiil siiix'dslal ('clj ; coslal vein Irci' I'ldiii llic siiiicoslal;
firs! siil)C()s(al very loiiij, a lliinl loiiircr lliaii llic lliiid. Apical area long and
narrow. Independent vein situated midway bolween the last snl)costal and
first median I)rancli. Coloration: deep oclireons, with two straight e.xtradiseal
pink lines.

The. slender palpi, the long wings, with the ol)lique onter edge, the
angnlated hind wings, and nnusual style of coloration will serve, to render
this genns, with its single sj)eeies, readily recogniza])le.

IT/KMAToiMS r;i:AT.\KlA r)nen('e. IMate !), (ig. 11.

" Gcomelia giataria Fabr., Siippl. Ent. Sysf., 112,11:5, 1708."

JIamatopis saiiiaria Iliibii., Ziitr., 26, 17;!, fig.^. :!4.'>, 34G, beforo HIS ; Verz., :50l, 1S18.

IJ(rinatopis giataria Oiu'ii., Plial., ii, 171, pi. 19, (is- '">. 1857.

Walk., List Lcp. Het. Br. Mii.s., .\xiv, 10o4, 1802.

Kilcy, Kirst Kcp. Ins. Missouri, 17!), |)1. 2, ti;;s. 18-20, HCi!).

12 specimens. — I'lody and wings ochreouij-yellow, hind wings a lil.tle
lighter. A large, ronnd, ])ink, discal dot ; IxToiid, two pink lines approach-
ing each other on thecosta; the inner i()nns a Ijroad, diU'nse band, hut slightly
curved opposite the discal dot ; the second line is ninch narrower, parallel
with the outer edge of wing, and more curved than the other. It is some-
times almost wanting, and occasionally blends with the inner line opposite the
discal dot. Edge of wing and fringe pink. On hind wings, two pink bands,
farther apart than on the fore wings; inner straight; outer line narrower
and sinuate. Edge of wings and fringe pink. Under side brighter yellow
than above, and dusted with brown scales, varying in thickness and size.
Discal dot distinct, and two outer lines as above, but dusky i)ink ; fringe
bright pink; hind wing beneath as above, but flecked with brown s])ots.

Length of l)ody, S, 0.40; of fore wing, J', O.f),'], 9, 0.50; expanse of
wing, 1.00 inches.

Campton, N. II., June (Walker); Maine and Salem (Packard); Iowa
("May 30th, all summer, day and night, most abundant of moths" Parker);
Albany, N. Y., June i), September 24 (Lintner); Natick, Mass., "June 29"
(Stratton); Middle States (Phil. Ent. Soc.) ; New York, May 25 (Lintner
and Mcske) ; Albany, l\Iay 25 (Lintner) ; Te.vas (Belfrage).

Varies in breadth of inner band, in some being twice as wide as others,
and in degree of irroration on under side of wings, and in breadth of band on
edge of wing. T(;xas s])ecimeus do not dilfer (rom those from i\[aine.

n

220

11 is at once known I)}- being entirely ochre-yellow, and by tlie prom
inenl pink tliscal spot and two extradiscal bands on l)oth wings.

Larva. — Average length, 0.S5. "Color quite variable, either pale yellow-
ish-green, deep rufous with an orange tint, or of a mixture of gray and cream-
color. Minutely punctate all over. Segments 1, 2, and 3, extremely short-
4 lon<^cst and widest, having two wrinkles each side, with a dark depression
between them ; 5, B, 7, and 8, of equal length ; 9, 10, and 11, short, the two
former also somewhat wider than the other. Dorsum dark, with a lighter
middle line, and a light, somewhat irregular, subdorsal line, which converges
anteriorly and diverges posteriorly of each segment ; two dark spots ante-
riorly each side of the middle line. Sides more or less wrinkled, lighter than
dorsum, and with a light longitudinal ridge below. Venter variegated with
loni'iludinal marks, and shaded outwardly witii deep olive-green, in strong
contrast with the lateral light ridge. Stigmata minute, black, and placed on
an oval swelling at the anterior portion of the segment. Head of the same
color as body, with a dark line, edged each side with white, continuing from
the thoracic segments.

Chrysalis. — Length, 0.50. "Wing-sheaths and tip of abdomen pale
Initf, the middle of the abdomen ver/ light yellowish-green. A purplish
dorsal line, obliquely truncated at the head, having a somewhat trianguhir
appearance, the ventral angle being lengthened into a slightly bifurcate snout.
Anal segments quite attenuated, the extremity being also slightly bifurcated.
Stigmata small, black, and distinct.

" The female moths deposit their eggs in rows of about twenty, along the
edge of a leaf, or along the stem of the common chickweed {Stellarla media).
These eggs are not quite 0.02 of an inch long, and arc oval, flattened, and
depressed near the center. When first laid, they are yellowish-white, but
change within two days to a very bright, shiny, red color, between Venetian
and vermihon. These eggs hatch in a very short lime, frequently within a
week, into thread-like worms, with ten legs only, and with the habit of loop-
ing themselves into all manner of shapes, especially into a circle.

"In about a mouth, durinij: hot weather, they acquire their full size.
They are (juite variable in color, being either gray, yellowish-green, or dark
brown. They change to chrysalids within a slight net attached to the leaves
oi' their food-plant, and in this state the skin is so thin that betore the moth
escapes the colors of the v>ingssho\v distinctly through it. There are several

21' I

broods during tlic year, and llic iiisoft may oUcii Ix^ toiiud in all its dilfortMit
states at one and the same time. It prohahly passes (lie winter in either
tlie larva or egg state, for I have taken Ixith fiiiis and lialt'-i^nouii larva' in
the heginning of November.

'•In the larva and chrysalis state it is not easily detected, on acconnt of
its small size and of its assimilating the color of the tbod-plant. The larva
has flirt hennorc the habit of jerking itself away to a considerable distam-e
when disturbed, especially while it is young." Riley.

LYTIIRIA lliibner. Plate 2, (ig. 7.

Lyihiia Iliibn., Vcrz., ;)0n, 1818.

Aspilates Tre'its. (in part), Schui. Kiir., vi (i), 126, 1827.
Steph., XoiiieiK'l. Br. Ins., 44, 1829.
Diip. (in part), Lop. France, viii (v), 110, 18;i0.

Boisd. (in part), Gon. Inil., 187, 1840. ^

Lythria Stepli., Cat. Br. Lep., 300, lH.-)0.

Lederer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Oes. Wion, 244, 18.53.

Gncn.,PljaI.,ii,171.18.-)7.

Walk., List T.ep. Ifnt. Br. Miis., xxiv, 10r)4, 1862.

Front of head s(piare ; palpi slender, but more bushy than in IleenKitopls.
Antennae with long, sparse branches, not ])lumose. I'ore wings rather long;
costa well arched ; apex not so much produced as in Hcpmatopls. Apex
])()inted, outer Ci\ge less oblique than in ILematop'is. Hind wings with a
sliglit bend; scarcely extending as far as the end of the abdomen, which is
long and slender in the male. Venation: costal vein anastomosing with the
subcostal in the middle of the snl)costal cell, the latter situated entirely or
partly beyond the discal venules. Three very short, subcostal veins arc
thrown off to the costa. Lower discal venule very oblique. Coloration : red
and Ijrown, with blackish patclic.-;.

In this genus, the Inishy palpi, square front, tliinly-l)ranclH'd antenna'
and high colors are distinguishing mark.s. It approaches Fidunia more sen-
sibly than Hcematopis.

Synopsis of the Species.

Fore wings not bent ; three lines inequidistant ; hind wings beneath ash-brown L. rilei-aria.

Fore wings augnlated ; three lines equidistant ; a black patch in middle of ontcr fourth

of wing ; hind wings beneath orange L. mioviaria.

Lythria rilevaria, sp. nor. Plat.e !l, fig. 43.

2 cf . — Antenna? well but thinly pectinated, the branches much as in the
European L. plumularia, but shorter. Palpi long, projecting far beyond tiie

222

front, liul hairy. Fore wings more similar in sliape to L. plumulaiiu, l)ciug
l)roduce(l and pointed at the apex, with no angle in the outer margin as in
L. snovuiii(i,\n\i the whole wing is shapcil nuich as in L. plitmithuia ; the
hind wings arc fnll on the outer edge and distinctly angulated. Body and
fore wings ash-brown, the latter brownish-ash on the inner two-thirds, a rich
brown externally beyond the outer straight line. Fore wings crossed by
three brown lines: the inner curved outward; the middle straight and much
nearer the third than the basal line ; third line very straight and firm, not
wavy. Beyond this, the wing is cofFee-brown (the color of crushed burnt
coffee). Fringe concolorous with the outer third of the wing. Hind wings
deep reddish-orange, unspotted, mottled with light and black scales on the
inner edge, especially toward the internal angle. Fringe brown. 13eneath,
fore wings orange, light asli-l>rown, speckled with fine l)lack strigie on the
(•osta and apical portion of the wings, extending to the inner angle. . Hind
wings uniformly 'light ash-brown, speckled with black, concolorous with the
dark portions of the front wings. A slight discal spot and an outer .slightly
Ijent distinct dark-brown line. Fringe on fore wings checkered with brown,
uniformly pale on hind wings. Legs short, concolorous with under side of
hind wings.

Length of body, J, 0.35; of fore wings, i, 0 40; expanse of wings,
0.80 inch.

Central Missouri (Uiley) ; Dallas, Texas, in April and again in July to
September, o\\ Gled'Uscliia (Boll).

, This interesting species is dedicated to Prof C. V. Riley, State Entomolo-
gist of Missouri. It may be recognized l)y the immaculate coffee-brown fore
wings, with three inequidistant lines, the outer straight and merged with
the cotfee-l)n)wn border. The hind wings are a little deeper-toned than in
L. anovkiria

Lytiiria snoviaria, ?io/\ xj). Plate 9, fig. 42.

Fon; wings rather l)road ; hind wings distinctly angulated Head and
thorax (abdomen wanting) and f()re wings reddish-brown. Fore wings with
three deep-red, parallel lines ; the basal nearly straight, somewhat bent on
the costa, tJK! middle line slightly bent below the costa, and the third line a
little Ix'nt in I lie discal space. Just beyond (he liend, a large, conspicuous,

lihick palcli willi a tiiiiil shade cxlcndii)!' to the inner e(l>fe and Id the cosla
edge. The cosla is edged narrowly \\itli l>la(d<, allernating willi wjiilisii.
Beyond (li(Mliird line, llie wing is lalher daiker than within, lieini^- dull InieU-
red ; tiie fringe is blackisli-browii, liiintly checkered with n lighter shade.
Hind wings bright deep orange, with a black spot on the inner angle, and a
linear l)laek discoloration in tlu; middle pf the inner edge. Beneath, both
wings unitormly deep orange, with dark striga> on the extreme edge of the
costa, a few faint strigoe toward the apical portion of tlie wing, bat no lines.
Fringe l)lack, checkered with brown. Ilind wings more strigated than
anterior pair, with a single reddish, extradiscal line. No discal dots. Legs
dark, ringed with pale reddish.

Length of liody, 1 — ; of fore wing, 0.45; expanse of wings, ().U(> inch.

Lawrence, Kans. (Snow).

This bcantifnl species dillers from Li/tliriu rlkmria in the broader,
more angnlated lore wings, the equidistant lines, and the large black patch
in the middle of the wing near the outer edge, in the internal angle of the
hind wings, and by the bright-orange hind wings. This species is named
after my friend Prof F. PL Snow of the LFniversity of Kansas, who has done
much to develop a knowledge of the entomology of Kansas.

L0X0FID0NL4,* gen. nov. Plate 2, fig. 8.

Front of the head of the usual width, no narrower than usiuil, moder-
ately convex. Palpi very long, projecting over half their length beyond the
front; they are long and narrow, and seen sideways somewhat spindle-
shaped; the third joint is long and narrow. Antennae of male pluniose,
being intermediate in the length of the braiu'hes between Eujidonia and
Enuituriid. Foni win'^s with the costal edye arched much more than usual,
the apex much i)roduced, not acutely so, however, while the outer (.'dge i.s
very oblicpu', rather nu)re so than in Pnconia. Hind wings much produced
toward the apex, with the outer edge full and rounded: the torm of the wing
is intermediate between Ematurga and Perconio. 'V\\v venation diHers
entirely from Eiiialurga or Ei/fidonia^ and is more like that ui' I'ercvnia in its
general features. The subcostal areole is Ibiined in the usual way, there
being six subcostal branches ; the areole is snudl, short, broadly triangular.

* Aofof, oblique; Fiihmia.

224

The subcostal v(3nules are loiii£, the first one twice as long as the third. The
independent vein is niucli nearer the sixth subcostal than usual, and the pos-
terior discal venule is very obli(|ue. Hind legs long, tibite long, slightly
swollen, tarsi nearly as long as the hind legs. Abdomen long and slender,
much as in Euftdonia. Coloration bright deep oclireous, with transverse,
wavy, curved, darker lines.

Tills remarkable genus differs from Fidonia, Eufidonia, and the allied
forms mentioned above, by those characters of the wings which would cause
it to be mistaken for an Acidalia; the venation is remarkably like Acidalia,
being like, that genus in all the points above noticed in which it differs from
its allies ; the form of the fore wing is also much Wke Acidalia, the costa
being full and the outer edge very oblique. The hind wings are in form
more like Eufidonia than Acidalia. On examination of the head, the very
large palpi, and the body, it is quite different from Acidalia and like Eujldonia,
except that the palpi are much longer. It is the most remarkable case of
mimicry of a higher form I have yet met with in this family.

LoxoFiDONiA AciDALiATA Packard. Plate 9, fig. 44.

Fidonia acidaliata Pack., Sixth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc, 48, 1S74.

G S and 2 9 . — This singular form would at first be mistaken for an
Acidalia. In the #ut of the wings, it resembles Ematurga atomaria of Europe
and our Ematurgaa faxonii, but differs from the species of that genus in the
long slender palpi and the slightly-pectinated antennae. Its palpi are much
longer than in Fidonia tnincataria, and the wings, ef.|)ecially the hinder pair,
much more pnxluced. The palpi reach beyond the head a distance equal to
the length of the latter. The male antenna; have long slender pectinations,
about twice as long as in /' Iruncutaria Walker. Body and wings deep
brownish-ochreous, the wings with dark-brown scalloped lines, both pairs
concolorons and with similar markings. Fore wings with about eight wavy
lines, the basal angulated on the costa, and remote from the second. The
second and fifth broader and heavier than the others (inclosing three fine
lines), both angulated a little below the subcostal vein, the fifth a little sinuous
and scalloped. The fifth and sixth separated by a distance equal to the
width of the abdomen. The seventh and eighth submarginal approximate,
finely waved. The eijrhfli soniclinics lust in a dark nuirgin. Fringe dark

i»j:.

I.Kiwn. it raiiit (lisc;il cinl. IliiMl \\iiin> in.iikr,! as li.iv uinus, l.iil willi im
<lisc';il (l(.l or lines williin tli.' mid, He ,,1' \Ur wiiii--. BcnuMlli (.fdir .siiiic rolnr
iis aliovi'. I>iil liidi.T cl.Nnvr oclircoiis, willi «lisc;il <liits mi Ixitli \viiis,'s. Vmc
win^rswidi 1\v() costal l.rown s|)nls. No imirr lines, Ih,. ont.T ^cxtradiscal)

' "" <•"'"■'■ lliii""! "I" \vini;; liroad and sinnons. \Villi anoliicr liiinlrr line mid-

uav liclwccn il and llic cdoc oftlic wini;-. ( )n llic hind winizs, I lie cxI ladiscal
lint' is in-oadly an<,Milatr<| in Ihr middle ol' 1lir wiwu. with a iiiintm- line mid
way hctwccn it and the onlrr cdirc ol'thi' wini;.

J.cniith of body, <f , O.l."). 9. (1.42: of lore winys, J, (t.AT. 9.().|(;:
expanse of wings, 1.1(1 imdies.

Monntains of (Colorado, Aimnst 12-2iJ (Lienl. ^\■, L. ( 'aipenter) ;
twelve miles Imlow Moiite/.nma, Colo., on Snake ]{i\er, .Middle I'ark, eleva-
tion of !),i,()U or 10,000 feet, Aiiini.st 7 (T. L. }>lc.ii(\).

i:iTFIl)(>NIA. iscn. Jiur. I'l.ii,. ■_'. lia :i.

Tephrosia Walk, (in imvt), LisI Lvp. Jli't. lir. -Mils., xxi, 1117, iMin.
Fidoiiia Walk, (in l):iit), Li.st Lep. llet. Hi'. Mils., xxiv. 10:11, |,-^ii-.'.
Minot, Vvov. IJost. .Soe. Xat. Flist., P."!, 18fi'J,

Front of the liead rather fnll, the clypens Ixin-i lull, niiieli mmc convex
than in F^cfo;//^/ or y'e;ro«/r/, l)ut hardly more so than in Enutfitrsra, palpi
unusually shod, scarcely projecting beyond the front, the third joint minute.
Antennaj with longer pectinations than in Fifhmia : in lemale simple. Fore
wings triangular, much as in Eniafiirna, the outer edire being le.ss oblique
than in /vV/w//f/. Hind wings produced a little toward the ap(>x. somewhat
as in Emafurga, but not scalloped or sipiare ami sinuous as in Fidoiiia. 'Hie
venation of this genus is r(>markable ; there being si.x instead of five sid)-
costal venules, as in Fidoiiia and Ematurga. The Hrsl subcostal venule is
ouc-tburth the length of the wing, and is lVe(; ; the second suix'ostal unites
with the subcostal vein at the origin of the fifth sid)costal. formino: a shod
broad cell. Otherwise, the venation is as usual. Hind legs with long stout
tibipe and short tarsi, about half as long as the til)i;e. Coloration niu(di as
in Ematurga, but the groinid-color is white. The single species known is of
moderate size, nuich larger than those of Fido/iia and smaller than Emafiinia.

This genus, which very nearly approaches Emalurgu in the form of the
wing, and also closely resembles Fido?ria, dillers from both in the presence of
six instead of live sulx'ostal venides, tlu^ Hrst beinir lon<.' and fri'c. In the
L'!) p n

iillied i,fcii('r;i iiiul in lln' liunily usu;ill_v, the lirsl siil)coslal vein is concerned
ill the (brniatiou of Ihe suhcoslal areole. It alt^o differs in the long, some-
what swollen hind tibia', and the niuisiially short, rath(u- stont tarsi. I do
not know of any allied European species. The larva is not known.

EuFiDONiA NOTATARiA Packard. Plate 9, fig. 47.

Tephrosia iwtataria Walk. !!!, Lep. Het. V>v. Mils., x.Ki,407, IHliO.
Fklonia iViHmspiUita Walk. !!!, Lep. Hot. Br. Miis.,xxiv, 1034, IfG-i.
LunHlUi f Jidoiiialii Walk.!!!, Lep. lliit. Br. Miis., xxiv, 11S3, lsG->.
Fidoiiia h'lcnloraria Miiiot, I'roc. Bost. Soo. Nat. Hist., 83, ISIKI
I'kloiiUi iidiiihiiiiniiiutd Alonisoii, Pnic. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hi.st.,xvi, 1^^74.

10 i and 10 ?. — Anteniijc well pectinated, ihoiigli less .so than in /".
fhiietaria, \n\\ more so tlian in F. truncatarid. Fore wings a little produced
toward llie a|)e\, the outer edge either rather long and obiiciue, curving regu-
larly, or bent a lit lie in the middle. Hind wings produced toward the apex,
much more so than in the grou]) of (h(> genus to u hich / ntnaifinia l)(>longs.
Body and winirs while, lingeil on the veins with oclireous, and speckled and
banded with rust-brown. Ant(;nnH> (hirk, tinely peppered with white scales.
Head l)i-own, orbits and palpi white ; 1 liorax l)rown and wliile. Fore wings
whitish at base: beyond, a broad diifnse brown band as wide as the thorax
(often l)i-oken up and represented by scattered spots and patches). Beyond,
an equally broad white band, with scattered brown specks, and inclosing the
larg(^, round, discal spot A l)road extradiscal baml (often narnnv, irregular,
and broken u])) separated by a white band or line of varying width from the
brown margin of the wing. Fringe smoky-brown, with narrow white checks.
Hind wings white, usually less densely sjieckled and liaiided than the ante-
rior |iair, sometimes with tliree irregular brown liaiuls, two beyond the large
round discal dot; a marginal lirowr, line (these lines often eH'aced, and tlic
wing with scattered dots and scales, showing no disposition to be arranged
into lines). The marginal band is sometimes \\anting; tlie usual marginal
row of linear, nearly connected, dark sjiots is always present, l^'ringe white,
with faintly marked checks. Beneath, the wings are whiter and more oclire-
ous than above, but with ihe bands and spots repeated nearly as distinctly as
above. The extradiscal line is often most distinct on the inside, while the
sn])inarginal white line is obsolete, the wing lieing flecked with brown on the
out(!r Ihird. Alnlomen and legs whitish.

Length of body, c^, 0.3(J-0.48, 9. 0.40; of fore wing, <? ,0.45-0.60, 9,
0.4S ; expanse of wings, O.!lo-l.lf) inches.

2l>7

lirmisw ick. .Mc., (•(iuiiikhi in Avy |)iiic-\\i»()(ls iiml n|icii lirlds with sc:il-
Icrcd |)iiic-l)iislics, Irniii the lOlli nlMiinr imlil r:\y\\ in July, in t'oiiipaiiv w il li
Ematurgd lui.niiiii iiiid /'. Inmailnila. Alxnil ImisIoii aiul in Alhaiiv, N. ^'.,
CrDin Jmic 1 to \'\ (Morrison), lis \\\^^\\\ is i-iillicr wciik and vacilla1iii<f.

Portland, .Mc. (Morso) ; London, Canada (Saunders): Dnidin, \. TT.
(Leonard, Harris Coll Bo.st. Soc. Nut. Hist): Uo.xhnry, .Mas.s., Mav
(Angus); lioston, JFass. (]\rinot and Sanliorn, .Mas. iiosl. Soc. Nat. Hist.):
Ainhenst, Mass. (Goodcll); Alhanv, X. ^'., .May "Jo to dunr 12 (Lin1n(!r
and i\rorrison): Anlicosli Island, ( inll' of St. i.awi-cncc (('oil. \\. Kdwards);
"St. Martin's Falls, All.any llivcr, Hudson's 15ay 'I'crr." (Walker).

Tliis connnon and easily reco<rnized species dillers Ironi all the others
of the genus l)y the white; ground color of the Ijody and wiiiir>;. It seems to
be common in the Northeastern Slates. It is easily divided info two forms:
u^ small, and with short wings, the Tcplnos'ui notd/arhi of Walker and
F. (itiadripiuir/iifd of .Morrison ; and, h, Jidnnhita, a form with lona' winiis, the
outer edge not bent, rather long, and the win^s less heavilv l>aud<'d and
spotted with l)rown ; !)ut there are iiulividnals liefoic me w liich dill'er in these
respects, and indicate two interesting races, which show signs of intermingling.
It should also Ite observed that T have taken iioth I'aces in the same field
and on the same days. In the markings, it varies much as do all the specic^s
of tiie genus. In some s|)ecimens of variety Jidoiiiala (.Alinol's lucolaraiia)
there are no bands, and the wings beneath are free fiom large spots and
l)ands, with only scattered brownish scales. Sometimes, on each side of the
discal spot on the fore wings, there is a dark brown line much deeper in toiu>
than the brown shade which it limits. Karelw the hind w'mn is densely
mottled with brown. The four large, round, eciual, discal dots are always
distinct, and farther separate the species from its allies.

PERCONIA Hiilnn^r. Plate 2, lig. 10.

Percotiia lliibn. (iii part), Vcrz., 2!)(i, lSl,>i.

Fidonia Treits (in part), Schm. Eiir.,vi (i),-JC)2, 1827.

H.-Scb. (in part), Scliiii. Eur., iii, 84, I847.

Lederer (iu part), Verli. Bot. Zool. Gcs. WicMi, 22^, 185:).

Guen. (iu part), Piial., ii, l.')l, 1807.

Walk, (in part). Li.st Lep. Hct. lir. Mus., xxiv. 10:!1, ISf.ti.

Head with the clypeus not very full, as in Fidonia, or raised into a square
area bounded by a ridg(>, with a large, sharp, narrow-toothed, mesial carina
projecting beyond the scales. J\ilpi long, broad, porrect, extending half their

221^

l,.,iotli licvoiid the liont. AiilfiiiK" with .-IkhI |)cc( iiKilioiis, uiiioh as in
Fidonia; in ti'inalc sini])l('. Korc wings unusually long: the costa stfaiglit.
a little sinuous; apex mnrh i-onnded ; outer edge very oblique and eouvex, -
uuieh more so than usnal. Hind wings unusually long; the apex eontinuously
rounded, with a very fulh rouniled, outer edge. Venation somewhat as in
Eiiiafurmi, l)ut the sulicostal areole is much sliorteraiul l)roa(h_'r, and the first
two sui)eostal venules are shorter, less ol)li(iuely directed to the costal edge.
The arrangement of the discal venules much as in Eiiidti/riid. Hind legs
with the 1il)i;e considerably swollen, and the tarsi nearly as long as the tibiae
Coloration pale-brown above, with the under si(h' ol' the hind wings beauli-
fuUv checked and marliled with silvery-white and greenish-ochreous.

This and the I'^uropean /'. /asc/a/aria Hiii)u. diller ti-om Fidonia in the
longer, more rounded fore wings, the apex being a little upturned, in the long
and much rouiuled hind wings, and singular mode of coloration. The singular
median crest on the head of our F. Jiinetarta is wanting in its closely-allied
European species fasciolaria, and there is nothing like it in any other species
of Fidonia and allies known to me. I restrict Hiibuer's name Perconia to
this and its European AXy, fasciolaria ; Hiibner's Fercoiiia is equivalent to
Treitschke's Fidonia, and has been hithertcj strangely ignored. The female
diifers from the male in the hind wings Ijeiug a little moic produced. The
larva of neither,/^'.sr/rt/(/r/r/ (ri'hraria) nn\- Jiuirfai-ia is known.

Perconia fimkt.vkia l^ackard. I'hite !•, tig. 45.

FUlonta Jimilarhi lirotn :iuil KdImiisdii, Tr;uis. Amer. Knt. Soc, iii, IS,', jil. ii, tif;s. S4. S.\ Sti, 1870.
Firlniiin linhmiia 'AvWrv. Vcili. K. K. Zixil. Viot. (ie.s. Wieii, xxii, 48^, 1S72.

1(1 c? and 1 9. — >[ale antenna' broadly pectinated; the leniale pectinations
nearlv as long as those of the n:ale European ,/rt«7'oAvy/rt; t()re wings rounded
at the apex, and the inu( r angle rounded, not angular, as in F. truncataria.
'I'he hind wings narrower and more iDunded externally than in iruncatana,
or its European representative P. j'asciolaria, aiid less produced toward the
apex than in llie hilter species, and with a less distinct notch in the outer
edge. Body and wings of a peculiar, rich, ochreous, tau-l)rown, with ochre-
oiis markings. Head and palpi ochreous, with Ijrown scales. Antennae
concolorous with the bod} and wings. Both pairs of wings of the .same line;
fore wings ochreou ^ along the basal third of the costa; just beyond the middle,
a, large, oblong, coslal, ochreous jiatch ; just before the apex, an ochreous,
costal spot, reaching nearly to (he independent vein. l-Jelow the apex, two or

220

three iiiiiiiiiiiiil iichivoiis spots. Friiiiic on liolh w iii^is oclnvoiis, die !:e;-. il
ii;iiTo\vly with hrown. Iliml wiii^s with I races of I lie tliree liaiids oi" the
iiii(hT si(h'. l?()(l_v beneath and h'<rs ochreons. Fore winirs hrowii. willi the
eosta niarkeil as ahove, with alioiit (ive niaririnal, ochicons, oval spots aloM'^.
the ontei- edac Hind winas iravlv handed with hiiuhl oelireons and silvei-y
wliite. At the hase, a hnear, ovah silvery spot paraHel to the eosta, the latter
l)eiiiir silvery, inlerrnpted by an ochreous-browii spot. lieyond. the winir is
crossed by three silvery-o(direoiis i)ands, varyini;- in width, and ollen broken
up into spots; the outer row eonsistinii' of al)ont six larye. oval, eonliu'iions
spots. Frili<re broadly eln^ekered with brown.

Length of body, ^, O.;};"), 9, U.ol ; of line wiims. <^ . (l4-_'. V. (1.45: ex-
panse oi" wiuys, 0. !!()-(). 1)2 ineh.

^^'aeo, Texas, , Tuner;. .Vnunst IS (llelfrai-e, ]\lus. I'eab. Acad. Se.i: Dallas,
'I'exas, j\Iay 1."). '-tlyinnon the praii'ii's" ( Holl., Mns. Teab. .\i-ad. Sc. i. Thrn-
are apparently twd broods.

In the fetiiale, th" \\in<;s are a little lona:er; the apex of the fore wings
nineh more produced than in the male. 'I'his beautiful species mav be recog-
nized by the peculiar oehreous, tan-brown color, the two s(|nare, costal,
ochreons s])ots, the gaily-colored undei- side of the hind wings, the three sil-
verv-ochreous bands Iieini,^ liiintlv rei)ro<luced above, and bv the broadly-
pectinated aiiteiin;e. It ditfers from the Kuro])ean /'. Jt/vriv/i/r/a, which if,
represents in North America, in the broadly-pectinated male and narrowh-
pectinated female antemue. In the fenuile 7^ fasrid/dria, the anteimie are
simple. The wings are also less produced, tlie hinder pair less notched on
the outer edge, and in no specimens yet m'vu are the costal spots continued
across the wing, sometimes forming regular bands, as in its European repre-
sontative. It varies but slightly : in one case, the wings are suffused slight Iv
with ochreons. and the fenude is rathei- more ochreons than tlie male.

FI1)0\I.\ Trrits.'hke. I'i.ite 2, flli. II.

I'ticuiiia Hiibii. (.iu |i;iit ). Veiz., -.IWi, IsUi.

Fldoma Treit.s. (iu part). Sclini. Eur., vi (i), -HVi, is-j;.

II. -Sell, (in part),ScIini. Kur., iii, s|. HIT,
Kupintena Steph., Cat. Hr. Iie|)., l.")S, Is.Mi.
I'idimia Leileror (iu part). Verb. Hnt. Zool, (Jr.s. Wicn, IT'.i. Ik',:!.

Giien. (in part), Plial., ii, l.')l, r-T)7.

Wall;, (in part). List Lep. Hct. lir. Mus., x.xiv, ]m\. l-rr-'.

Head with the front nsiudly |-alher Hal, not very full, usually only sliirhtlv
convex. Palpi large and stout, sometimes projectiuii- half their len-rdi beyond

230

the licad; scales loose and long. Antenna', moderately pectinated; the
liraiiclies short and very slender, shorter than in Percouia; in female simple.
Fore wings will) the costa straight, a little sinuons, the apex a little more
produced than m EmafKrga ; onter edge more obli(iue tiian m Ematvrga.
Hind wings with the outer edge i\dl, slightly hent on the first median vein,
and with a slight sinus below the apex, which is round, not produced as in
Einahaga and Peron/ia. Venation niueh as in Eniafurgii. hut the subcostal
areole is open; tin' areole is, however, narrow and curved, as \n Eiiiaturga.
The costal vitin joins the areole either before the middle and unites with it
to near the end, as in /'. I ru uraturia, or joins it (iTi F. cnrhonarla of Europe)
much as in Eimttnrga, liut a little l)eyond the middle. Hind legs as in Ema-
tiirga: the tibia- l>eing slightly swollen, and the tarsi nearly as long as the
tibi;e. Coloration nuieh as in Emafurga.

This genus, which I would restrict to Fhlonia fniitrafaria vi' [\ns country
and F. rarhoitaria and F roi/rorclaria of Europe, diU'ers from Eiinih/rga in the
subcostal areole being open, in the short i)rauches of the antenna, and the
more rounded hind wings. From Prrmnia it dilfers in tiie more pointed
apex of the tin-e wings, and the shorter, squarer, hind wings, and the narrower
costal area of the tore wings, with the narrow l)ut open areole, and the flat
clypeus. The si)ecies arc^ oi small size.

FuioNiA IHUNCATAKIA Walker. Plate 1), fig. 46.

Fidoinii Iniumlariii W:ilU., Li'ii. lli't. Ifr. Mu8., x.sliv, 1113-1, ISlvi.
Fiflnnia trifohi'tiriii Mniris<in,

<S S and 1 9. — Antenna" with ])ectinations less tlian half as long as in P.
Jimetar'ia. Fore wings more acntc ; apex rectangular, not rounded; hind
wings a little produced toward the ape.x, and distinctly notched in the outer
edge. Palpi much larger than in F. Jimetaria^ projecting well beyond the
head. Hody and wings deep rusty orange-ochreous as a ground-color.
Head and palpi nKuc red than the thorax. Fore wings with four, well-marked,
hlack, irregular, eipiidislant bands: the i>asal one curved outward a little; the
o1 hei- tin-ee si raii;ht, thoiiiih a little sinuous in their course; the two outer
are ediri'd cxtri-nallN with a whitish si reak ; a lilack linear marginal line. The
spaces between the lines arc marked with linear dots. The discal dot large
and round, sometimes confused with the transverse striga' and extradiscal
band. Hind wings like the fore wings, with three broad, irregular, black

231

bands; llic iniuT iniiid Ix'iit oulwiiid in the middle; tlic middle band dislo-
catod and tlimwii onlward in llic nuddlc ol" liic \\in<r. Fringe on Ixdli wings
darlv l)r()\\ii; on the hind wings eheel\efed liiintly with pah' ociireons. No
discal dot on hind wings. Henealh, deep rnsty orange-oehreoiis, witii three
dark bands, ^^'hitish along the middle of the discal spiice and along the; oiil-
side oi' the outer daik band, as well as along the inner edge of the wing;
cosla edged at intervals with lilaek. On the hind wings, tlio bands are dcoj)
rust-red, e(!gcd with whitish; there arc scattered black strigjt over both
wings, and the fringe is as above

Length oi" body, <? , 0 ;J5, 9, ().;'."); of I'ore wma, <? , 0.42. 9, 0.42; ex-
panse of wings, O.S.") inch.

Ib'unswick, Me., not uneomnion in dry pine-woods and adjoininuf fields,
with Eujidonia notdtiuin and Einaturga Faxoriii, May 2^, July 1 (Packard,
Mns. Peal). Acad. vSc); Albany, "N. Y., May 2.") (Lintner and Morrison);
Colorado Territory, "St. :\[artin's Falls, Albany Piver, 11. H. T." (Walker).
(Mead).

This well-marked species diilers from any other, except E. E<(.ro/i/i, in
its coloi' being deep rust-red, with l)lack-brown striga- and l)ands. It is al)ont
half the size of P Fa.roxii. It is noticeal)le tor the narrowdy-pectinated an-
tennje, the long, large pa![(i, and the tour conspicuous bhuds iiands on the fore
wings. It does not vary nuudi, the Colorado female specimen not dilFering
from Maine males, except in the more bent and iiroken middle line on the
hind wings. Structnrallv, it is nearlv allied to EiifidoiiKi nofafnria.

EMATURGA Lederer. Plate 2, tig. 12.

Perconia Hiibn. (in part), Veiz., 291), 1818.

Fidonia Treit.s. (iu part), .Scbin. Eiir., vi (i), 262, 1827.

H.-Scli. (iu i).ait), Sclim. Eur., iii, 84, 1847.
Ematurga Lederer, Verb. Bot. Zool. (Jes. \Vien,2;51, 18.'):!.
Fidonia Guen. (iu }>art), Pbal., ii, 151, 1857.

Walk, (iu part). List Lcp. ll<t. lir. Mus., xxiv, ni:n, 18<i2.

Thorax rathei- stout; abdoniei! short, not very slender, scarcely reaching
to the inner angle. Head with a full trout, moi-e so than in Fldonui, the
clypeus being more convex, with hairs projecting out from it as lar as the
ends of the palpi, which latter are rather stont and bushy, much as m Fidonia,
bnt with longer hairs, i)rojecting a third of tludr length beyond the front.
Male antenniE plumose, with reniarkal)ly lonijr |i(>ctinations. giving a bushy
appearance to the antenna-. Female auteuuu' simple. Fore wings triangular,

232

cosia stiiiii^lil, apex siilin'claiiiiiilar, outer edge iiol ven' ol)li(iue, veiy sliglitly
heiif oil t lie first median venule. Hind wings with the apex slightly jiro-
diiced, with (he out(;r ('x\gL' full, eoiivex, and distiuetly scalloped. The tore
wings in the female hav<' the outer edge more ohruiue, while the hind wings
are less convex on tiie outer edge. The venation is very different from (hat
of FidoHKt, justitying (he sejtaradon effected by Ledcrer fi-om that genus; there
are tiu( two sulicostal veiii.s. of equal length. The subcostal areole is long,
linear, curved. The costal vein unites with the subcostal in the middle of the
areole. The apical cell is unusually large. The anterior discal vein is curved
and directed inward toward the origin of the independent vein, while the
posterior discal is long and oblique, not curved. Hind legs short, with tibiae
slighdy swollen: spurs long; tarsi nearly as long as the tibiae. Coloration
brown: hind wings oehreous, with darkei- bands.

While (his genus diifei's from FidcJiiia in (he more bushy, jilumose an-
tenna^ and fuller fron(. (liese charact<'rs would seem ardlicial, but a glance at
the venation shows (hat (lie separation is a natural one. Our E. Fa.ronii
differs very slightly from the European E. atoiudria, and the genus as thus
coiisli(u(ed is well circumscribed.

EMA'niR(;.\ Faxomi Packard. Plate H, ffg. 48.

luddiiio Fiijohii Aliiiot, I'liii-. Uost. Soo. Nat. llist.,rrt^s;!, istiil.

f) (^ and H 9. — Hctdy and uin^s dark oehreous rus(\-i)rown. Anteniue
darker. Male fore winus with flii-ee dark, diffuse, indistinct bands, the basal
curved, the middle and e\tradiscal much alike, and often converging on the
inner I'llge. Along tlie extradiscal line, tln^ wing is powdered more or less
distinctly with white scales, and again along the subniargiiial dark line.
Fringe concolorons with tlu' wing, lighter or darker as the wing varies in
hue. Hind wings didl orange or rcddish-ochreous, thickly speckled with
black, with three black bands, (he middle one distinctly scalloped, the points
ex(ende(l along (lie \eins. The outer line is merged with (he liroad brown
bordei- of (he wing. Beneath, both wings alike deep oehreous. and crossed
by three brown sliade> common to both wings, the outer one often ending in
(he midille of the wing near (he independent vein, and also nearly oljsolete
on the hind wings. Legs concolorons \\i(h the under side of the iiody.

The f(;males differ in having (he wings a little more pointed, the hinder
pair especially havintr (he apex acute and the outer edge srraighter, much less

238

full and rouiidtHi than tlif males. Tlic \viiiu;s arc lliickly iliisicd uiih while
scales, luinh'rinir (he darls l)ands and chcckciiii-x tiic iViuiii' wilh while, u itii
distinct l)iit diil'nsc discal dots on Ijotli winir.'s. Heneath, inueli white is
mixed with the ochreous tint, and the three bands are very distinct.

Length of I>()dy, c?, 0.42, 9. O.;];") : of fore win<f, S, ().5S, 9,l».r)4:
expanse of wings, 1.18 inches.

Brunswick, Me., frequently taken late in .Inne and early in July in open
pine-woods, flying in company with Eujidonia xotatnria (Packard, Mus. Peab.
Acad. Sc.) ; Portland, Me. (Morse, Mus. Peab. Acad. .Sc.) ; Boston, Mass.
(Minot) ; Salem, Mass. (Pickering, Harris Coll. Mus. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist ) ;
Albany, N. Y., May 21 to Jun(! 7 (Lintner) ; Missouri (Kiley).

This moth may l)e known by the dark ochreous-i)rown fore wings, tiie
ochreous hind wings, with the three darker l)an(ls, as well as by tlii; i)ashv
plumose antenna-. It dilfers from the Euiopean Emahirga atomaria in the
wings being less mottled witli white or ochreous: the females of the two
species are much alike, but ours diifers in the heavier outer band and lighter
inner band on the hind wings, the outer submargiual band wanting beneath
in E. atomaria. The sexes ditier in this genus much more than in Fidonla.
The females are much lighter, with white speckles and distincter. bands than
the males, and with quite differently-shaped hind wings. The specimen from
Missouri is much whiter than usual in the .spaces between the l)ro\vn lines,
l)oth al)()ve and beneath. The larva of th(> European E. atomaria feeds on
the Lotus anil Centaurea.

DASYFIDONIA,* gm. nor. Plate 2, tig. 13.

Body unusually short and thick; abdomen short, not extending to the inuf-r
angle of the hind wings. Head rather lidl and convex in front. Palpi Ioihj-,
extending about one-third their length Iteyond the front, with very lout'
dependent hairs; third joint rather lonir, ol)tuse at ti|). Antenna' in male
with broad pectinations, not plumose, the branches n»»t spreading as in
Ematurga; in female simple. Fore wings nnich as in Ematurga, but the
costa is more sinuous: outer edge slightly lient. much as in Ematiirsa.
Hind wings much as in Ematurga. \m\ the apex is inclined to be a little
more rounded, and the outer edge more bent and more deeply scalloped.
The venation differs from that oi' Ematurga in there being six instead of five

* dnnir. hairv ; Fidonin.
30 r H

234

bnuiclu's of the sulK'osld vein, otherwise it is much the same; tiie first three
siilKosfal branches are. however, shorter and of equal length. The anterior
(ii.-^cal vein is directed obliciuely outward in a line with tiie poslcrior discal,
while in Ematurga it is curved inward. The subcostal areole is alike in tiie
two genera. Hind legs rather slender, the tarsi very lung and slender, equal-
in'' the tibia^ in length. Coloration somewhat as in Ematurga, but the fore
win<^s tino-ed with ochreous aliove, and beneath bright orange, and the hind
wings bright orange, but beneath ashy-brown, with two black distinct bands
common to the two wings. This interesting genus is remarkable for its long
hairy palpi, well pectinated antennas and bright colors, and differs from
Ematurga, its nearest ally, in these characters and the jjresence of an addi-
tional subcostal venule. It seems to differ generically from Fidonia famula
Esper, to which it seems related by its style of coloration, judging by Dupon-
chel's figures.

Dasyfidonia avunculakia Packard. Plate 9, fig. 49.

Fidmtia aviiiiailarin Ciiien., Pb.al., ii, l.'>5, 1857.

1 (? and 3 9. — Body very hairy. Male antennae with hnig pectinations ;
palpi very large and hairy, projecting farther beyond the front than the
length of the head. Body blackish; fore wings ochreous-orange as a ground-
color, Init frosted heavily with white and discolored with black. Three
heavy black lines, the basal not oblique, bent outward on tiie suiicostal vein,
with a large angle directed inward on the submedian space and outward on
the internal vein. A diffuse middle line, much waved, double in the middle .
of the wing, the outer portion of the hne running through the large (often
indistinct) discal spot. The outer line is very sinuons ; it is bent outward
at right angles on the independent vein (the angle varying in sharpness), and
is curved outward below the third median venule. A snbmarginal while
shade, slightly sinuous, and well marked on the costa and inner edge of tin;
wing. (This shade is sometimes entirely wanting.) The edge of the wing,
especially toward the costa, is dark. Fringe l)lackish, checkered with white;
on liind wings, white with black checks. Hind wings deep orange, more or
less striga ted with l)laek, es|)ecially on the inner edge; outer edge of the
wing bordered with black, with a whitish patch at the inner angle. The
wings are crossed by two heavy dark hues, the inner sinuous, the outer mak-
ing a well-marked angle on the independent vein. A ('onspicuous l)lack

235

ilisciil spot. Hciicath, III.' liuv willies arc (Irrp clear oiaiiirc, willi tin; Ijor.icr
•''' II"' "'iiiT iill aroiiiid ash-colorcd, speckled densely with black; costa
wliitisii, will) liiiir black palidies. Vinw laii^e bhu k patches on tiie inner
Ixirder. Fringe heavily (dieckered with white and black, \\u' black lines
sometimes rcpn.dnced. A dislinct discal dot. [lind \vini,^s pepper-and-salt
colored, a little i)aier in the middle near the l)laek discal spot. fcJnder side
of body and legs concolorons with hind wings.

Length of body. <?, 0.4;'), 9, OAf) : oi Core win<r, cf, 0.05, 9,0.02;
expanse of wings, 1.06-1.84 inches.

Nevada ( Hdwards) : San Diego, Cal. (Croteli, Miis. ("omp. Zool.).

K'emai-kaiile (()r its immense liushy [)al[)i, in the plumose antenn;e and
shape ol' wings it resembles Ematurga Fa.ro/ii/. Tin; hairy iiody, the blackish-
ash fore wings, and bright reddish-orange hind wings and lunivily-cdieekered
fringe, and, beneath, the orange fore wings and pepper-ancKsalt Iiind wings,
will separate it from any American species or any Enropean form known to
nie.

It varies somewhat in the degree of predominance of the ochreons-
orange ground-tint of the fore wings, in the presence or absence of the sub-
marginal white shade of the fore wrings, and the width of the black border of
the hinder pair, this being sometimes reduced to a narrow l)lack line. In
one ca,se, the discal dot is confused with the inner line on the hind wine.

ORTHOFIDONIA, gen. nov. Plate 2, tig. 14.

Male antennfe not pectinated, but with heavy cilia?; palpi rather bushy,
not very slender, projecting well beyond the front, which is not so broad as
long. Fore wings with the costa more convex than usual; apex rectangular,
outer edge much less obliipie than usual. Venation much as in Selidosema,
the costal vein anastomo.sing with the subcostal; no subcostal cell ; second
subcostal venule thrown ofT from the finst; discal venules very oblifjue. Hind
wings with an almost imjierceptible angle. Male abdomen slender, not very
long. Coloration much as in Eufidonia notaturia, being white, with dark-
brown flecks and s])ots.

The genus difl'ers much from Fidonia in the ciliated antenna' and rectan-
gular apex of the l()re wings, while the venation is like that oJ' Selido.semu.

236

Orthofidonia exoknata Packard. I'latc 1), rig. 50.

I.miniui? e.wnialti Walk.!!!, List Lu)). Hft. Br. Mus., xxiv, 1187, lti&>.
Cidariii nihifimtlii Walk.!!!, List Lcp. Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, 1728, 1862.

1 S and 3 9. — Male aiitemuv ciliated, the hai^^ long, making the an-
tenntr look as if finely pectinated. Ground-color of body and wings ochreous-
white. Fore wings speckled densely with dark reddish-brown (of the same
hue. ;is Eufidunia iiotatana). The fore wings are crossed by three irregular,
indistinct l)ands, made up of dark reddish-brown patches, with lighter spaces
between where the dark scales are less numerous. The basal band is nearly
as broad as the body is thick; it is straight, diti'use, broken. The middle of
the wing is clearer, though thickly speckled with dark scales; discal dot dis-
tinct. Just beyond, a broad, oblique, broken, diti'use band, interrupted by
the ochreous veins. Beyond this is a clear, whitish band, forked on the sub-
costal vein, and lending an oblique whitish streak to the apex. A submar-
ginal, white, scalloped line, tlie scallops tilled with niasses of brown, forming
a row of rounded, conical spots. The margin of the wing is brown, with
white flakes; a row of distincl, l)lack, marginal spots. Fringe brown, white
o])p()site the black marginal spots. Hind wings whiter than the anterior
pair, the dark scales forming scattered dots, and also arranged in three extra-
discal, diffuse, irregular bands, the submarginal one the most distinct, and
edged externally with a white, scalloped line. A dark, interrupted, distinct,
marginal, blackish line. Beneath, lore wings witii the bands faintly re-appear-
ing; the marginal spots on l)oth wings as distinct as above. Hind wings
with the brown spots and speckles more distinct than above ; the middle of
the three extradiscal bands is more distinct than the others. Discal dols
distinct on both pairs of wings. Abdomen concolorous with the liiiid wings.
Legs spotted and ringed with dark.

Length of body, i, 0.4-J, ?, (1.42; of Ibre wing, S , O.AS, 9, O.aH ; ex-
panse ol" wings, \.'1<) inclies.

lirunswick. Me., in pine-woods, June l(i (Packard. AIiis. Peab. Acad.
8c.); sidcsof Mount AVashington, N. II., early in July ( Mcn-iison); "Trenton
Falls" (Walker).

Wiiy this interesting moth should have been mistaken by Mr. Walker tiir
either a Laieiitia or a Cidaiia 1 cannot understand, as it has the characteristic
style of coloration of the Fidonias, but with a more rectangular apex to the
fore wings and ciliated male anteimae. Otherwise, the markings resemble

2^1

llmscof Eu/idoni(i iinln/drid xwnv than :iiiv kIIiit species: Iml the liiiid w iiijjj.s

nre more iiiollled with Itiowii, and there are tliree distinct lines; it may also

he identified l)y the foiked, white, ^snhmarli;inal liand seiidiiiii; (uie division 1(»

the costa and another to tlie apex. If seems to be rather inlVecpient, and lias

not yet occurred soutli of New Enghmd. It flies in the same loralilies with

EiiJidoiiHi notdtar'ia as early as tin; middle of" June in Maine, and liir the rest

of the month.

CAR1IM':TA WalUer. I'late 2. tii-. 15.

Ciiiipeta Walk., List hep. Iltt. Hi. Mils., xxvi, ir.-.i4, Hli-J.

I'nriiuKimon Viick., New :iii<l littli' Isiiowii Insects, Rep. Mass. Itoaid Aj;., I'l, 1S7(|.

Male antenna' well pectinated, almost pUunose: front rather narrow;
verte.K square. Palpi very short and thick, scarcely j)assing l)eyon(l the front.
Fore wings with the costa .straight; the apex slightly pointed ; outer edge
oblique; hind wing.s well rounded, the outer edge moderately full. Veiuitioni
costal vein anastomosing with the suhcostal near tin- iniddleot the inn(^r,
small, lozenge-shaped subcostal cell; outer cell long and narrow; third sul)-
co.stal branch very shoit. tlie apical cell l)einii- small. Discal venules trans-
verse, not oblique. Abdomen unusually stout, not very long. The coloration
is peculiar; the two species ditlering remarkably in this respect; in ('.
(livisaria, the ground-color being vyhite, with a broad, lirown, median i)aud;
and in C. atigustiorata, a rich, deep, yellow-ochreous, with white bands.

i^j/nopsis of the Species.

Wliite, with a V)ri)\vu, middle band, iuclo.siug a large, white, di.scal .spot C. iVmsaria,

Velio w-ochreoiis, with three white hands C. tmynsHorariu.

Caripeta divisaria "Walker. Plate !t, fig. 51.

Caripeta divixata W^alk. !! !, List Lep. Hel. Br. Mus., .\.\vi, irr.T), ls(i-J.

6 t? and 1 9. — Antennye moderately and closely pectinated, rather dark.
Palpi not reaching as far as the front; fore wings with costa a little convex.
Body and wings whitish-gray, peppered with fine dark scales. Fore wings
dark at the base, being densely mottled witii dark brown. A broad, middle,
dark band nearly twice as wide on the costa as on the inner edge; it is black
on the edges, lighter in the middle, with waved black strigse, and incloses a
large, oblong, oval, white spot; on the inside, the band is curved inward
toward the middle of the wing, and is siinious in ifs course; it is bordered
externally with a liroad white band. The outer side of (he nu'sial band is
oblifjue. with deep, incirular scallops: then^ an; three scallops on the costal

238

rei^ioii; a deep, large scalloi), with a projection, at tiic bottom of the sinus in
the discal space; another larger sinus lirlow the niediiin vein. These scallops
;ire tiili'tl in l)y a l)roa(l whiti' i)an(l, the outer edge of \vlii(di is either straight
or a little sinuous. Beyond this white line, the margin ot the wing is dark,
otten with a iiiint. sul)niarginal, white. \v;ivy line, tlu' scallops of which are
tilled by obscure, dark patches. PYinge short, whitish, checkeicd with i)rowu.
Hind wings whitish-gray, sprinkled on the outer half with dark specks, souu--
times with a dark, curved, sinuous shade just beyond the middle of the wing,
Beneath, both wings are pale-ochreous, including the veins, and dusted with
black scales. The medial shade and discal spot are fiiiiitly reproduced ; the
edo-e of the wing is clear, with a l)road, ditfuse, submarginal shade; the outer
edge of the mesial band is black and linear on (he costa. Hind wings dusted
more than the anterior pair, with a deeply-scalloped black line, with a whitish
shade beyond. Legs ochreous-gray.

Length of body, <?, 0.50, 9, 0..54; of fore wing, 3 , 0.70, 9, 0.75; ex-
panse of wings, L55 inches.

Mount Washington. N. H., July 7 (Sanborn); Brunswick, Me., in dry
pine-woods, July 8-10, not uncommon (Packard); Williamstown, Mass.
(Scudder); Scolmrie, N. Y., July 26 (Lintncr); Florida (Clemens); "Nova
Scotia, New York" (Walker).

This tine moth may he recognized by the nearly white ground-color of
the wings, with the broad, mesial, blackish, mottled band, darker on the
edges, bordered on each side with a broad white band, and inclosing a large,
oblong, oval, white, discal spot. It differs so much from C. migi/s/ioraria that
it would scarcely be referred to the same genus.

It does not vary much, except in the presence or absence of the outer
sinuous shade of the hind wings, and the degree in which the wings are
speckled witli dark scales. The Floridan example, though in bad condition,
does not difler from nortluM-n ones, except that the margin of the wing is
clearer and the adjoining white band wider. This is quite a ditlerent species
from C. latioruta Walk., from East Florida, the type of which I saw in the
British Museum.

Cakipeta angustioraria Walker. Plate 9, tig. 52.

Caripeia angustionita Walli. !1 !, List Lc|i. lift. IJr. Mus., xxvi, 15'24, 1862.
Paniinomon i>iiiiarm P;u'k., New and Little Known Lusects, Kep. Mass. A^., l.'j, 1870.

4 J. — The head, antenna;, and thorax are pale-ochreous, the nntenna^

ol the male being I'liniislicd witli slnirt, lliick iicctiiuitioiis: the i>;il|ii an;
short, not passing Ix^yond the front of the head, witli tiie third joint sliort
and minute. Tin' f()re wings are o|)a(iue, deep-oeh icons, and paler at hase; on
the inner fouitli is a white line forming a single, large, and acute angle on the
median vein, along w hi(di it is prolonged beyond the l)asal third of the wing,
extending out nearly as far as the discal dot, though situated below it. There is
a large, irr(>gular, silvery-white di.seal dot, and just !)eyond, a broad silvery
line tlilliise on the outside;; it curves inward just below the n^edian vein, and
slightly inward o|)|)()site the discal dot. Half-way between this line and
the outer edge of the wing is a row of irregidar white spots, from which
sometimes run whitish streaks to the fringe, which, between the white spots,
is ochreous-brown. These marking show through liiintly on the under side.
The hintl wings are pale whitish ochreous above; beneath, washed with
yellow-ochreous upon and on each side of the venules. The costal area is
yellowish. A light shade beyond the round, whitish, discal dot. The legs are
pale, concolorous with the upper side of the hind wings.

Length of body, S, 0.58; of fore wing, <?, 0.72; expanse of wings, i
1.60 inches.

Norway, Me. (Smith, Mus. Conip. Zool.); Boston (Minot); "Nova
Scotia" (Walker).

This fine moth differs remarkably from any Geometrid we have, in the
opaque, rich, velvety-ochreous fore wings, with the three broad silvery lines
and larire oblonsf discal dot. It is verv unlike in style of coloration the two
other species of the genus, and would scarcely, at the first glance, be referred
to the same genus as C. ditu'srina.

Desidemtwn.

Carlpela latiorata Walk., List Lep. Ilet. Br. Mus., xxv. 1525, 1862. —
"Male. Fawn-color, mostly cinereous beneath. Wings minutely black-
speckled. Fore wings brownish, excepting the costa, with white markings,
which consist of a round discal. an irregular discal stripe, and two irregular
exterior bands. Hind wings without markings. Length of the body 8 lines;
of the wings 20 lines.

" East Florida. Presented by E. Doubleday, esq."

I saw ^\'alker^s type-specimen in the British Museum; it is quite distinct
and new to me.

40

SELIDUSEMA Lederer. Phitc 2, tig. Hi.

ndonia Trcils. (in iiart)- ><clini. Eur., vi (i ), '-'(rJ, 18vl7.

Dup. (in pail). J-i'l). France, viii (iv), 407, IH-^y.
Boisel..(in part), Gen. Iml., 11)0, 1840.
ruiuiiia ami Iloarmia II.-8cli. (in part), Schui. ICnr., iii. 7(1, 84. 1847.
fiihmia Stepli. (in jiart), t'at. lirit. Lcp., 158, IS.'iO.
.SV/(rf(>«-Hi(i Lcilercr, Vi'i'li. Bot. Zool. Ge.s. Wieii,'-':W, 18.-.:!.
C.nou., Plial., ii, 14."), 18')7.
Walk., List l.i-'p. Hct. Br. Mils.. .\xiv. hllV,, iMi;-.'.

Body rat her sloiit. Male abdomen long and slender, tip wiin .>;])readiiig
hairs. Heat! of moderate size. Palpi very long and slender, porrect, some-
times extending beyond the head l)y a distaiiee as great as the length of the
head: third joint nearly as long as the seeond. A pointed tutt of short hairs
between the palpi. Antenncie with nnusually long i)ectinations, the tip sud-
denly simple. Fore wings acute, tip pointed and square, or a little rounded;
costa arched a little, slightly sinnous: outer edge convex, not angled. Hind
wings a little produced toward the apex, the outer edgi^ not very convex,
sHghtly scalloped. Venation much as m EiiKitiii:^!', \n\\ the subcostal venules
are much shorter, and there are .three subcostal veins instead of two, the
second and third very short and equal in length There is no subcostal areole,
the first subcostal not joining its main vein again, as in Ematurga and Lozo-
gramma. Tli(> discal veins are as in Ematurga. Hiiul legs very long and
slender; hind tibia; long, not swollen; tibiis as long as the tarsi. Coloration
light ochreous-gray, irroratcd with l>rown, with a single incomplete extra-
discal line.

These characters have l)een drawn up from N. Ju/un/aria ami the Eu-
roiiean erketana (plnmaria) alone. The Califoinian species has more pointed
wings than the European, while the. latter has very short pal|u, but the pecti-
nations of the antennaj are twice as long as in the other species, and tiie hind
tibiie are shorter and thicker. It need not be conlbunded with i^//;;a/«A- or
Fido7iia, or its allied Ibrms Ematurga, &c. It has tiie bod}' of L,ozogiamma
and Thamnononia, but dillers from them in the plumose antennfc. The vena-
tion 1 do not regard as liiu- Cjimatophora (Boannia), as stated by Lederer.
']'he species are of large size.

Larva. — "Caterpillars cylindrical, neither attenuated nor carinated ;
without any tubercles; head globular; living ou low plants. Chrysalides
subterranean.'' — ({uenee.

■2U

Sklido.sema JUTrRNAKiA Uiu'iiiV. I'hitc !i, lio-. 5;;

SclidoKcmn jiitiiniaria Giien., Phal., ii, 147, pi. lo, lig. U, ltii>7.

Walk., List Lo|). Hot. Cr. Mils., xxiv, 1029, 1862.

Pack., Proc. Bust. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, ;in4, 1871.
SeMosemacttliforiiiana Fa.c]i., Pnic. Ho-st. Soc. Xat. Hist., xiii. :«)!, l'<71.

4 S and 4 9. — In a male received Iroiii .Mr. Behreiis, tlio wincr.s are
clearer, tlie outer line less dislinel ; the duslu iddud near tlie inlcrnal aiitde
ol' llie wing is wantinif. and liie tVinge is slialitly checUereil as in (he female;
the hind wings are crossed on ihe nnder side by a well-marked curved hand
of. large hrown spots, and tlic un(l(>r sidf- is of a pah'r ashen-gray than in the
other specimeiit).

The male differs from tlu" female in the fore wings ])einof clearer beyond
the outer broad band, and in not having the large dark patch Ix'Iow tlie middle
of the wing (present in the male), wliilc tlu- outer edoe of the hind wino-s
is clearer; Itiit it dilTers most in having the fringe checkered with white and
dusky-brown. A taint l)aud oti tlie under side of the liiud wings, sometimes
not present in either sex. A variety, originally (lescril)ed as a distinct species,
is raHfornixuia. It is usually pale-ash, bathed on the frihirt; and beneath
with reddish-])iidv; the palpi are longer and scales of front rougher thai'
in S. Juturuaria, otherwise it is structurally the .same, though largei-. Fore
wings crossed by a single curved, dilliise, dusky line, beginning on llic
onfer third of costa, and curving and liiding away before reaching the inner
edge; tliis slighth'-marked kue being more regularly curvcul than in S.jtilir
nana. Xo discal dot seen above. PTind wings free from markinirs, fringe
pinkisii, and i)oth wings beneath !)athed with reddish-pink. On fore wings,
a linear, small, discal dot; on iiind wings, a larger, rounded, discal dot. Xo
band oaliind wings, or any other markin<3:s or {\{\A<,\ scales, and on the tore
wings is a faint reproduction of tlie siiiirle outer line, disappearing before
reaching the middle of the wing.

It mar be at once recognize<l h\ the red fringe and nnder side of wings.

Length of body, c', 0.65-0.70; fore wing, <?, 0.7o-0..Sfi ; expanse of
wings, 1.60 inches.

Alaska (Bchrens); 8anzalito, Cal. (Behrens); San Francisco, Cal. '
(A. Agassiz, JIns. Coinp. Zool.).
31 p n

242
LOZOGRAMMA Sicplieiis. Plate 2, tig. IT, lla, Ub.

Litliiiia Iliibu. (iu part), Verz., :i:i8, 1.S18.

Aspilatcs Treits. (in part), vi (i), I'^C, 1827.

Lo:ogra,jima Stopli., NimiciK-l., 44, l&i'J; " Cat., ij, 141, 1829."

rhanianc Uup. (in iiart), Lcp. FrauTO, viii (v), 14.'i, 1830.

Lareniia Boisd. (in part). Gen. Intl., 204, 1840.

io^ojrammn Stepl'.., Cat. Brit. Lep., 183, 18.50.

Panagra Gucu. (in part), Plial., ii, 1'2(), 18.')7.

Lozorframmn Wall;., List Lcp. Het. Br. Mn.s., xxiii, !I82, 1861.

Head with a rather narrow trout, and with a few long scales forming an
interpalpal tuft. Palpi ascending, the outer third or half of the second joint
surpassing the front; third joint minute, short, or moderately long, pointed.
Male antennee simple, compressed, ciliated beneath; in the female, simple and
filiform. Thorax slender. Abdomen usually very long and slender, with a
terminal tuft. Fore wings convex on the cost a; apex acute, rectangular,
sometimes very slightly falcate. Outer margin not very oblique, usually bent
in the middle. Tlie first subcostal vein free ; the subcostal areole very nar-
row, linear, not curved as in Thamvonoma; llie second and third subcostal
veins nearly (Mpial in length. The two discal venules run in a .straight line
across the wing, the posterior one being curved inward a little. Hind wings
produced toward the apex, not bent on the outer edge. Legs very long;
hind tibiae much swollen; spurs slender; hind tarsi a little more than half as
long as the hind tiliite. Coloration : pale ash-brown or whitish : either with-
out or with two transverse lines.

This genus differs from Thammnomu, 1o which it is nearest allied by
the simple flattened antenii* and the longer legs. There is a parallelism
between the two genera in the most characteristic form, L. nigroseriata having
the wings much more tlilcate, the palpi longer, and the legs longer, while in
the lower species, such as L. (/isconvoita and airopunctata, the palpiand legs
are shorter, and the wings are not at all falcate, there being the same range
of variation as between Thaninouoma vxwarhi and T. fripunrlarln.

Si/>/o/)sis of tlir Speciex.

A. B^ore wings ol)t use, .outer margin rounded:

Wings dark, mottled with brown ; fore wings with a silver w I- dixconienlK

Wing.s pale whitish ; outer line faint, consisting of dots /- dctrrsata.

B. Fore wings acute, outer margin bent:

Fore wings with onter line consi.",ting of black dots L. airopunctata

Foro wings with two broad, distinct, brown bauds L. defliiala.

Larger than the others ; fore wings falcate ; pale tawnv L. nigrosaiatn

243

LuZUUKA.MMA DISCONVKM A I'ackaid. l'hl).<' !l, lil>. f)!!.
Trphivsia ilhronnnila \V:ill>.l!l \ tiilr Gutir). List I.i|>. Hi!. Kr. Mus.. xxi. ln|. ls(,ii.

2 d and .'5 V. — W inos ihin; apex of aiilciior |)air much as in L. ddcr-
satd. Hody and uuil;' Imiw n-asli, ihc latter mottled and specdded witli dark
brown. i'"orc wings willi an inner obscure curved line ol' dark-broun r-pols.
An outer slightly-curved line ol" ol)scure l)hi(k (h)ls. One oi- two dots on
subcostal vein, with a silver-white point externally, and a silver ^-likc spot
tnlnsverse to and in the middle of the wing. A broad dark shade IVoni thccosta,
not quite reacbing the i\\)v.\, and liuling out in flie middle id" tlu; wing. A
subniarginal, pale, obscure band. A marginal row of bla(d< dots. IJind
wings as anterior pair (paler in rubbed speciniensj, witli the median row ol'
black dots very near tin; mid<!le and double along the middle ot" the wing.
Under side of the wing paler than above, with tli(! characteristic markings
of the genus; a slight ochreous tinge (Mi the costa, which is spotted with
transverse black striga-; rest of wing quite regularly speckled. An outer
row ot' cons])icuons, l)lack, ratlier large, vennlai" dots, common to lioth wings.
Discal dots large, black; a niaii;inal row of black dots. Krinac concolorous
with tin' wing.

Length of body, S, O.r.O, 9, 0.40: of lore wing, d. O.GU, 9,0.60;
expanse of wings, 1.25 inches.

Brunswick, Me. (Packard); Boston (Sanborn); Oneida, N. Y. (Havvley).

At once known I)y the transverse, W'-shaped, silvery spot in the middle

of the fore w'ings, and the pale under side with the row ot conspicuous black

dots.

LozoGRAMMA DETERSAT\ Packard, Plate 9, tig. 57.

Tephrina delersata Gueu., i'bal., ii, 105, 18.")7.

Walk., Ca(. Lcji. Wot. Br. JIns., xxiii, RSD, lr-r,l.

2 (? and 3 9. — Body anil wings whitish, speckled very densely with
dull ochreous. Head, palpi, antennie, and front edge of prothorax ochreous.
Fore wings uniformly speckled with ochreous, the specks becoming trans-
verse on the costa. An inner faint line represented chielly by ochreous spots
on subcostal and submodian vein. A minute discal dot. An outer sinuate
row^ of venular dots connected l)y a slight line, incurved below the median
vein, with a wide; ochreous-brown shade vvitl'.in. Beyond the line, the wing
is more densely speckled (the spots almost contiguous) than within. A quite
distinct, subniarginal, slightly sinuate, broad, whitish line. A row of tino

244

luiirginal black points. Fringe not checkered, concolorons with rest of wing.
Hind wing like fore wing, .sometimes a faint median line of dots shaded within
with pule ochreous, sometimes the wing is slightly paler than the fore pair.
A marginal row of black dots. Beneath, tinged with ociireons, especially on
the veins; wing speckled rather sparsely though regularly. An outer line
of lirown dots common to both wings. A sulnnarginal brown line from costu
to near middle of wing. Discal dots conspicuous, elongate on anterior pair.
Fringe paler than wings beneath. Legs concolorous with the head.

Length of body, S, O.^O. 9, 0.48: of fore wing, <? , 0.G2, 9, 0.64; ex-
panse of wings, L30 inches.

Brunswick, ]\[e., June 1(J; Onmo, :\Ie., June and July (Packard); Cam-
bridge, Mass. (Harris Coll.); Boston, Mass. (Sanborn); West Farms, N. Y.
(Angus) : New Jersey (Sachs); Philadelphia, Pa. (Ent. Soc).

This species may be known by the faint markings, the slightly-marked
lines, and its [lalc shade: by the partial submarginal line on the under side of
the fore wings and the whitish fringe. Tt varies in tint, one specimen from
Maine being qiute pale, whitish.

LozoGRAMMA ATROPUNCTATA Packard. Plate 9, fig. .08.

jMzogramma iitmpundata l':ick., .Sixth Rep. I'eab. Acad. Sc, .")(), 1H74.

1 i and •! 9. — Closely allied to L. defi'rsaf a. hut ai)ex of fore wings more
acute, and outer edge somewhat lient; thus structurally it is nearer to L.
(lefluata, Imt in the markings is nearer L. detosiitd. Body and wings lilac-
ash, with scattered black speckles. Head, palpi, and antennje with a reddish
tinge. Fore wings with a curved, very irregular ))and, consisting of a few
black scales, thickest on the median interspace; an outer, very slightly curved
line of similar lilack dots, single toward the costa, llie line inside shaded with
brown, fading out toward the inner line, and not discoloring the costa. A
faint discal black dot. ^fargin of wing beyond the outer line l)rown; apex
clear lilac-ash. Hind wings just as fore wings: no inner line; outer -line con-
sisting of a sin<i;le. row of l>l;tck dots. Fringe concolorous with the wing.
li(Mieath, much as usual in 1 lu; genus: th(> surface of botli wings alike lilac-
ash, and unilormly speckled with black veins, less ochreous than usual: discal
dots black ou both wings, sinuate on hind wings. ()nter row ol black dots
common to both wings; wings slightly clearer outside oi eaeii dot. Legs

245

concolorous with IIr' I)()(I_v. AlMloiiifu witli Iwo lilack ^|)(lls on tlir .sccoikI
seguicni.

Leugtlidl' l.odv. c?, .', 9, 0.5U: ol'lorr wiiiii. J, ••..^a, 9, 0.G2 ; L-xpause
ot" wings, 1.2") inclics.

Boston, .luiif (SaiilxMii ) : l>ev(i l_v. .Mass.. ,lunc 27 (Burgess); Salem,
Mass. (Packartl).

This preltv s|)('ci('s is at onci' rccogiiizahlf by the two rows of black
specks and the peculiar lilac tint ot the winjis.

LozoGRAM.M.x DKFLi AIA Walker. Plate '.I, !ig. 59.

jMZiiyniiiimii di'lUiiiriii Wa!l<. ! I !, IJst Lcp. llil. lii-. Mils., xxiii, 11^1, H(jl.

4 <} and 12 9. — Fore wings acutely jwiiited and tli^tinctly bent on the
outer edge. Body and willies pale lilac-ash. Head and palpi tinired with
reddish; verte.x concolorous with the rest ol' the head. Fore wings densely
speckled with lilac-brown: two distinct, continuous, darker lines, the inner
straight, lading out on inner side; the outer very slightly sinuous, narrow,
pale, edged on each side with Ijrow n. Between the two lines paler than tlie
outer border of the wing. A iiunt, very sinuous, subniarginal line, easily
overlooked. A pale line at base of fringe, which is concolorous with the dark
margin of the wing. Hind wint^s paler than anterior pair; discal dot di>tinct,
a slight brown line beyond. Beneath tinged with (xhreous, especially on the
costa and veins; with scattered speckles: discal spots larixe and distinct.
Outer rt)w of venular dots distinct: beyond, the wing is decidedly ochreous,
l)ut the fringe is pale lilac. Legs tinged \\ ith ochreous.

Length of body, d , 0.52, 9, 0.50; of lore wing, <? , 0.G5. 9, 0.(52 incdi.

Brunswick, Me., end of May and early June (Packard).

This species i.s very abundant in dry fields and open places in pine-
woods, rising suddenly and flying with a powerful headlong flight, settling
down again at a rod or two from where it started, it may be known by the
two broad, brown, continuous shades crossim,'' the fore wings, l)y the lilac
tint of the wings, and the ochreous under side. It differs from the European
L. pelraria, to which it is closely allied. In the more speckle<l wings, acute
tips, and more sinuate outer line. The other s|)ecies of the genus seem
peculiar to America.

This moth is so much like the European L. pelraria that 1 reproduce
New-man's description of .the larva of that species, as that ol' dejiuata should

246

be looked ii>r in Ihe same situation:— "Tlie caterpillars, wliicli emerge at the
end of May, leed on tlie common brakes {Pteris aquilina). When full-fed
their length is rather more than an inch; the ground colour of the back is olive
green, of the belly paler; the white body is covered with slender chocolate-
brown longitudinal lines arranged in pairs; there is a double medio-dorsal
stripe, and thnu' double stripes on each side, the lowest darkest and broadest.
The spiracles are black, and 1)p1ow them is a creamy-white stripe."

LOZOGKAMMA NIGROSERIATA. Plate 9, tig. GO.
Tephionin niijniser'wta Pack., Proo. Bost. ,Soo. Nat. Hist., xvi, 3'2, 1874.

6 (f and 1 9. — This is the largest species of the genus yet known from
this country. The wings are decidedly falcate, the costa being convex and the
apex acute. Body and wings pale ochreous, with a pale rusty hue. Fore
wings with a basal curved series of discal dark dots, consisting usually of about
five or six vennlar dots — one on the costal, two on the subcostal, and one on
the median and internal vein each (sometimes connected, forming a wavy
lin(»). A broad, rusty-l)ro\vn, straight shade crosses the wing at the origin
of the hrst and second venules. A slightly-curved row of about nine vennlar
black dots; just Ijeyond, a tlxint rusty shade (sometimes connected and tbrm-
ing a waved line). A marginal row of intervenular dots. Fringe pale, con-
colorons with the wing. Hind wings very slightly paler than the anterior
])air, with an external row of about eight venular black dots. No discal dots
to be seen above. Beneatli, four large discal dots; the extradiscal forming a
row of dots common to l)oth wings. Under side concolorous with the upper
side of tlie front wings, with fine scattered scales. Legs and abdomen con-
colorous withthi^ wings.

Lengtli of ))o(ly, <^ , 0.5.'i-0.72, 9, 0.55; fore wings, i, 0.58-0.80, 9,
0.(i5 ; expanse of wings, 1.20-1.50 inches.

Victoria, Vancouver's Island, ,luly (Crotch, Mus. Comp. Zool.); San-
zalito, Cal. (Behrens); California (Edwards).

Tills tine species diil'ers from the others of the genus in its large size,
the more convex costa, and fidcate fore wings, and by the two rows of dis-
connected dots on the fore wings, sometimes represented by lines. The
palpi are also a little longer than in the other species.

(!erlain small individuals from C'idifornia differ so much at first sight
from the Vancouver Island forms that they might he regarded as a different
species. In two 'specimens of the same size, from Sanzalito (Behrens) and
Calilbrma (Edwards), the dots are connected. .Tud form tv/o distinct lines.

217

Dcsidciutii.

Lozogmmma extremana Walk., Lisf l.t|). lid. \\x. Mus., xxiii, 984,
1861 (see plate 10, %. 20).— "M/Ze. K'cddish ciiicnioiis. Wings minutely
blackish-speckled, witli a brown discal point, ami wilii an cxlorior line of
brown points on the veins; these points arc apparent only on the niider side.
Fore wings with a slight indication of an interior line, and with a distinct,
almost straight, ferniginons, exterior line. Lenirth of the body, b'.J lines;
of the wings, 17 lines. East Florida." Tlie liirnr(; is copied from Walker's
type in the British Museum.

Lozogrammn Kuhcequana AValk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, 16G0,
1862. — ''Female. Whitish cinereous, minutely blackish-speckled, slisrhtly
ochraceous-tiiiged.. Hind tibiae slightly incrassated. Wings with a slender,
l)rown. marginal line; fringe interlined with brown. Fore wings acute, with
two ol)lique whitish lines, which are diirusedly l)rown-l)ordered on the itmer
side; interior line straight; exterior line very sliojilly undulating. Length of
the body, 5| lines; of the wings, IC liiu's. Canada.'' In Mr. l)'Frl)au's
collection.

EUFITC;HIA, gen. nov. Plate ;5, tig. 1.

Abraxas? Fitch, 'rnin.s. N. Y. Ag. Soc, vii, 181S.

Closely allied to the second section of Thamnonotna. Male antenna-,
well pectinated to near the tip, the branches ciliated; in the female simple,
unciliated. Palpi rather large, porrect, much as in Thamnonoina^ passing
about one-third their length beyond the front of the head; third joint small,
acute. Fore wings subfalcate; the costa rather full, the outer edge slightly
angled on the first median. Hind wings somewhat srpiare, a slight sinus
below the apex. The shape of the wings closeh' resembles Thamnonoma ;
the venation is also very similar, the costal vein joining the subcostal on the
inner third of the subcostal areole; and beyond, the vein is equal in hnigth to
the two subcostal venules, the three venules being unusually equal in length.
The subcostal areole is long, narrow, and curved, as in Thamnonoma. The
origin of the discal venules is much as in lliatnnonoma hrunneata. The
direction of the discal venules is different from Tlianmo)ioina, the anterior
vein being straight and directed inward a little obliquely, while the posterior
one is oblique and not curved. In the first section of TItamnonoma, both veins
follow a regular curved line, while the course they unitedly take in T. briin-

c

248

iimrkt is straijihter. I)iil fach v.^iii is sli^fhtly ciirved. Legs as in Tliamiionoma,
beini? louiT and slrnder: iiiiul til)i;i" scarcely swollen; the tarsi three-fourths
as iontf as the til)ia-. The male abdomen is rather stout, less slender than in
'riidiiuiOKonui.

The only species known is ochreous-yellow, with an ouler row of sub-
hyaline patches common to l>oth wings.

It closely resembles Thaiiiiiomma hiuvneiuia in the form of the head,
antenna?, and palpi, and shajjc and venation of the wings, diiforing in the
lonp-er pectinations and stouter abdomen and mode of coloration.

This may be regarded as a mimetic form, as it imitates Jhni.ras of Europe
(of which we have no species) in the mode of coloration and in the stout
al»(lomeu, and the colors of the larva, which probably caused it to be referred
with (h)ubt to AhKi.ms \)\ Dr. Fitch, who says that it cannot be referred t(j
Abra.vas, this also being the opinion of Dr. Harris. I regard Abraxas as a
synthetic geiuis, anticipating lliamnonoiiKi. As Dr. Fitch was I he first to
make known this moth, and describe its (ransformations, 1 respectfully dedi-
cate the genus to him.

EuFiTcniA RiiJEAKiA Packard. Plate 9, tig. (il.

Ahruxasf ribcaria Kit.cli, Tiaus. N. Y. Ar. S^hc., ^'ii. 1848.

5 c? and f) 9. — This common moth may i)e readily recognized by the
uniform yellow ochreous tint on boily and wings, and by the snlniiarginal
row of smoke-colored spots common to both wings, llie spots in the midd.le
of (;ach wing being large. On the i()re wing is a discal dot, sonu-times a row
of spots running over it, with two costal spots.

Length of body, cf, 0.50. 9, iKbA; of fore wing, i, 0 (J7, 9, O.fU; ex-
pan.'A' of winys, 1.2.5-1.30 iiu'lics.

This moth is everywhere abundant in the Northern States, Hying in
gardens and resting on the leaves of the currant and other |)lants

Xfljrrt.— Body smooth, cylindrical, of unitorm width throughout; head
as wide as the body, with four black spots; on each wing above four black
spots, and five on each side; ground-color yellowish-white. It appears on the
leaves of the currant as soon as they unfold in May, and attains its full size
in July, translorming into brown |)ui)a^ of the usual form just beneath the
surli^^ice of the soil under the Inish, the moth appearing early in July. It is
represented on Plate 13, lag. 2.

s

249
TIIAMNONO:\IA L.d.-nr. I'lal.- ;J, tiir. _', -la, ■>/>.

Perconia lliibu. (in part), Verz., •J'Jli, ISIH.

riame Iliibii. (in pail), Verz., ii'Ji), l&lt<.

luduiiia Tii'its (in part), .Sobui. Eiir., vi (i).2().5, lH-27.

Spiiuiiza Curtis, Biit. Eut., •,>•.'.'), l.fiS.

fhilia ' Diip., Lep. Fninoi', viii (iv), 100, IH-JEt.

Fiilonia Dnp. (in pari), Lep. France, viii (iv), -107, It-d!).

Giammalniihoni Slepli., Nouienel.Br Ins., 44, 18^9; "Cat., ii, I'JG, 1829."

.Spcraii:a Stepli., Ni)niencl., 4:!, 1829.

Ualia B.)is<l., Gen. In<l., 187, 1840.

Eupislcria Boisd. (in part), Gen. luil., 192, 1840.

l<'idonia ll.-Scb. (in part), Schni. Eur., iii, 88, 1847.

Speranzii Stepb. (in part), Cat. Br. Lep., 1;')", 18r)0.

Halia Stepb., Cat. Br. Lep., l.V.), 18.')0.

Thnmiioiioma Lederer, Verb. Hot. Zool. Gi's. Wien, 2:i2, 185;).

Ualia Gueu., Phal., ii, 91, 1S,')7.

Walk., List Lep. Ilet. Br. iMus., xxiii, 943, 18(51.
Euphlcria Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Jlii.^., xxiv, 1040, 18(;2.

Male antemiai well pce^iiiated, in the less typical species (^.s7//;n".ss«;vr/j about
half as long as usual; female anteiiiitc simple. I'alpi very loii<j, porrecl, pointed,
the third joint long and extending sometimes l)y a head's length beyond the
(Vont, or, as in T. waf;coi(i iu\i\ s/fhrcssarla, they are short and not much longer
than in Sei)iiot/iifia,\\H' third joint beiiiii small and depressed. A lon^ (loul)le
"tuft of hairs projects between the palpi. Fore wings very tiilcate, tin; apex
produced, and the outer edge excavated below tiie apex, with a dark line
l)ordering the excavation; the outer edye is full Ix'low the excavution. The
costal region is considerably wider; the ^ulicostal venules longerthau in Seiiti-
of/iisa; the first subcostal venule is about a t()urth longer than the subcostal
areole, which latter is long, narrow, and curvilinear, as in Srjiiiofhisa, other-
wise the venation is very similar to that of Sc/niofh/sa. Hind wiiiirs in the
male with a prominent angle in the outer wings, as distinct or more so than in
any species uf Semiofltha ; in icuvar'ia and suhrcssaria less distinctly auifular,
and much as in most of the s[)ecies of Seiiiiotliisd ; in the i"einale, tiie outer
edge is bent, but not distinctly angular. The abdomen is much longer and
slenderer than in Seiniothisa, luul reaches to the inner angle of the hind wings.
Legs much as in Semiotlimt, long and slender; hind til)ia' long, lajt swollen,
and with the four spaces as usual. The species are eitiier clear ochreous-
brown. with two distinct lines on the fore wings, or with markings similar to
Semiothim.

V This genus is recognized by tlu; well-pectinated antenn;v and long palpi;
the species difier but slijihtly from those ol' 8ei)iiothisa in other points. lu

" Halia was pre-occupied for a geuus of Mollusca by Eisso iu ISSb.
32 P H

250

T. waoana and subcessarhi the only ditlerence of imi)ortance i>s the well-
])r(;tinated antennse, and witli tliis exception, if we regard the imagines alone,
1lic two ironcra run into eacli other.

I regard the inon^ typical species as T. tnjmnctaria and marcescaria ; the
former being the most unlike the others, having the palpi longer and the fore
wings more falcate than in any other species. The genus may be divided
into two sections :

A. With very long, porrect paljii, hr()a(lly-|)ectinat<'d antennae, falcate,

|)oint('(l fore vv'ings, angular hind wings, and a long, slender male
abdomen.

B. Palpi lilunt and short; antenna' with iiectinations half as long as in

section A, and with the fore wings scarcely falcate ; the hind wings

not angular, pointed, and the al)domen shorter and thicker, much as

in Semiothisa. Tiiis is represented l)y T. iravaria, subcessaria,

hruni/eari((, and (irgil/accuriii.

In T. hrun/zcarid, urgil/aceaiia, and sn/phunirin, the suljcostal areole is

shorter and much wider tiian in T. vararia; the outer end ol" the cell being

partially open in hn/i/iiearld, but closed, as usual, in argUlacearia and ml-

phuraria.

Si//i(i/)sis of the Species.

A. Male antennie broadly [)ectinated ; palpi very long ; fore wings falcate:

Tlii'L'C couspicnoMK lnowii patrbes on tbe luie \vius;s T. iripnnctarUi

Miilo iiDtenu.-R loss broadly pectinated ; wiugs pale asb T. marcescaria.

B. Fore wings subfalcate; male antenniP slightly pectinated; palpi short:

A broad submarginal yellowisb Hue T. (jueiteariii.

Like icavarxa, but witb more broadly-pectinated male antennte, witb four well-
marked lines; the outer second line on tbe fore wings less bent tban in xmvaria.T. i-Unehia.

A mertio-costal, conspicuous, dark spot extending to tbe discal space, and two otb»r

costal spots; wings dull wbitisb-asb T. wavaria.

Like n-avurl<(, but wbitisb-asb T. suicessaria.

Ocbreous-ycUow, witb large brown spots T. sulphuraria.

Yellow; wings more falcate tban in siilphiirarUi, with four parallel lines T. Jiavicaria.

Uniformly liglit. nnldisb-lirown T. brioiriearia. ' ■

Unifonnly argillaceous T. argiUacearia.

Thamnonoma TRiPUNCTARiA Packard. Plate 9, tig. (18.

Halia tripuncturia Pack., I'roc. Bost. >Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, •i(i, 1S74.

2 c? and 2 9. — Antemue with nuich longer pectinations than usual, being
much longer than in T. marcesaiiia. Palpi as usual. Fore wings with the
apex more produced than in 7'. ludrccsearia. lieiiig acutely falcate. Abdomen
without th(! two rows of l)lack dots present in marcescaria. Fore wings

251

uniform fawii-t'olor; hody and hind winirs ]ialcr. An inner, slrai<r|il, lirouii
line, edged externally willi yello\visli-l)r()\vn ; outer line sli<i;|itly sinuale.
Discal dot large lanceolate-oval; two coiispicnoiis dark spoth midway l)etwecn
the outer line and the edge of the wing, one being sul)apical in .position.
Fringe on l)oth wings a little darker than the wings themselves. No markin<rs
on hind wings; no discal dot. Beneath, a tlecided oehreous tinge, no lines,
discal (lots distinct on hoth wings; iiinge consideralily darker than the rest
of tlu' wing. The female dilfers from the male in the lines Ijcioir llirl her
apart.

Length of i)()(ly. J, ().f)0, 9, OlyU : of jiire wing, i . ().(.(). 9, O.GG ;
expanse of wings, 1. 10 inches.

Sanzalito, Oal., August 7 (Behrens'): ('a]it()rnia (Kilwards); Yosemite,
October 19 (T. L. Mead).

This species differs from murcescai-'ui (luen. in the much moie ])ectinated
antennso and the absence of lines on the under side of the wings, wliicii,
beneath, are clear oehreous, not speckh'd witli chirk scales: while the two
Sfjots with the discal spot arranged in a triangle give it a characteristic
appearance.

TiiAMNONOMA MARCESCARiA Packard. Plate U, tig. 69

Balia marcciicarUi (iuuu.. Plial., ii, '^•■>, 1857.

Halta cineraria I'aeU., Proc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, :i'J2, 1871.

6 S and 6 9 . — This is an ash-colored species, with slender pectina-
tions; the fore wings distinctly tixlcate, and the hind wings more distinctly
angled than in any other species of the genus. Certain individuals I had
regarded as di-stinct, and described under the name cineraria; but the
addition of more material from Mr. Behrens shows that they are not diderent
from the true marce.sauia. I append my original de-scription to show how
certain individuals dilfer iVoni others.

Pale ash-gray. Male. Head and palpi ash; wings a little paler, some-
times with a testaceous hue. The l()re wings are marked just like T. mar-
cescaria, though the line is less distind, but they are narrower and more
excavated just below the apex. The strigic arc a little thicker on the costa
than elsewhere. There are no indications of a basal line ; the outer line is
situated nearer the middle of the wing than in the other species; in the
middle of the wing on the line is a black dot. Just l)eyoiid the line is a semi-
translucent broad band. Discal dot as in the other species. Beneath, the

252

fore wiugs arc pale-ash, clear in the middle ui' the wing, with a speckled
costa and outer edge. Hind wings ash, mottled densely with hi'own scales;
discal dot distinct ; the wings darker on onter halt' be\'on(l the single distinct
luown line, with a dusky |)atch in the middle of the wings adjoining the line.

In the female, there is only an obscure band on the fore wings. The
hind wings are more angulated and dentated than in T. marcescarla.

Length of wing, O.HG ; body, <?, 0.45; expanse of wings, 1.25 inches.

Sanzalito, Cal., January 16, April to May 20 (Behrens) ; California
(Edwards).

Thamnonoma guenkauia, xp. nov. Plate 11, tig. 70.

2 S . — Body resembles in form T. trlpuuctufin, but tiie palpi are much
shorler, though longer than in T. irdiinria or ^L-llmnria. Antenna" well pec-
tinated, though the branches are shorter than in T. fr'ipu net aria or A-/inearia.
'Vho, shape of the fore wings is intermediate between I\ A-lhieofia and frl-
jiuticfdrui^ ])eing slightly falcate, but scarcely excavated below the ajx'x,
nearly agreeing in this respect wilh T. A-lhicdrid. The hind wings are not
angled, but slightly scalloped. Antenna-, front, palpi, and fore legs ochreous.
Body and wings gray, w\i\\ a slight ochreous tinge. Three dark, equidistant,
costal spots, l)nt with n(j lines running from them. The only line is a sul)-
niarginal, distinct, ochreous, slightly sinuous line, edged slightly and irregu-
larly on both sides with dusky. A marginal row of dark dots. A small
discal (K)t on e;ich wing. Hind wings a lit fie paler than the anterior pair,
dusted, but wilh no lines. Beneath, bright ochreous, dusted transversely
with brown; both winus alike. A large, tlusky, square, median, costal spot;
sometimes four irregular costal patches. The line is faintly I'eproduced, but
there are no other markings. Legs as usual

Length of body. </,().42; of tore wings, cf,(l.57; expanse of wings, 1.10
inches.

North Calili)rnia (Crotch, :\Ius. Comp. Zor>l.).

This species diifers from any of the olhers in its single, outer, slightly
sinuous, bright-ochreous line. On this accouni, it is liable to l)e confounded
with some species of I'liasidiii', such as /'. inordiid.

Thamnonoma (.iUADRiLiNEAKiA Packard.

llutUt ijmulilliiimria rack., I'roe. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist..xvi, 'M, IST-I.

2 i . — Closely resembling T. wavaria, U) which section of the genus it

25:1

Iti'loims, I lie wiiiiTs l)ciiii{ less liilcalr lliaii in the olIiiT species, )iHirr('snirin
and tripiim-larui. The antenna' are nmre liroadlv jx-elinaled than in T-
Hv/rr/zw, Ix'iny in lliis repeet inteiniediafe Ix'tucen T. vararid and tripunc-
taria. Pale asli-iiray : head, palpi, and Ixxlv heinii coneoloroiis wilh Ihe winffs.
Fore witiiT.-; marked a.s in 7'. irardrid. haviny l()nr distinct costal hroun
spots, I'roni wliicli as many lines rnii parallel with each ot he|- to the costa : the
.second one ini'ludes the discal dot, lull is straight er, not so ninch an<.ndated
as in 7". n-arant/. nor so wide just alxive the discal dot ; the two outer lines
heconu' ohsolete in the middle id" the wini/, j)ut are indicated on the hind
edge, the third heing (dose to the fourth, while hevond is a small diiskv patch.
A I'ow of intervennlar lilack marks; t'rinire conc(dorous \\ith the i-pst of" the
wings. Hind winirs with no mai'kinij, e.\ce])t I lie discal dot, which is ipiite
distinct. Beneath, pale ash, more unil'ornd\' so than in 7'. jrr/rr/y/^/, tiuired
fiiintly \\ith ochreous, deeper on costa of l()re wings. Discal dots present
on both wings, and three tiiint costal [)at(di('s.

Lenffth ot" iiody, 0 48; l()re wing, 0.(14; e\])anse ol" wind's. 1.40 incdies.

Sierra Nevada, Cul. (Edwards).

Closely resembling T. wavaria, it (lifi"ers in the more l)roadly-pectinate(l
antennas, tlie less an<rulated, narrower second line on [)rimaries, and tin' duller
ash on under side ot" winys, whicli, especially the secondarit's, are beautifully
marlded in irovaria; in these res])ects it resend)les the speci(>s of" Serniothim.

Thamnonoma wavari.\ Lederer. Plate 9, fig. 72.

I'lidlama-fieomHra irnraria Liuu., Syst. Xat eflit. x, 5'.i'2, 17,j8.

" (ieometra wnvaria Iliibii., Schm. Eur., tab. 11, fij;. ,").'), ITDd."

Fkhmia wavaria Trcits., Seliiii. Ear., vi (i),:!(>J, lS'.i7.

llaVia n-ai-aria Dup., Lcp. France, viii (iv). 40.J, pi, 16:!, fijjs, 15 aii<l 4, 18:i!».

(iriimmatophora wararia Stepb,, Nomeucl, Br. Ins., 44, IS'2'.I ; " (.'at., ii, VH\, 182it.''

Halia vauaria Steph., 111., iii, 194, IH'M.

JJalia wai'aria Boisd., Geu. lud., 187, 1840.

Fidonia uairaria H.-Sch., Schni. Eur., iii, 86, 1847.

Halia tvauaria Stepb., Cat. Br. Lep.,459, 18.".0.

Thamnonoma irararia Lederer, Verb. Hot. Zool. Ges. Wien, 179, 18."):^.

Halia uararia Ciuen.. Phal., ii, 91!, 18.^7.

Walk., List Lep. Ilet. Br. Mus., xxiii, 944, 18(il,

6 <? and 5 9. — Antenna' with longer pectinations than in T. subcessaria ;
the fore wings produced toward the apex, the outer edge of the wing being
quite oblique. Hind winirs with three well-marked scallops below the apex.
Body and fore wings pale (diocolate-ln-own ; liind wings paler. Palpi Avith
an ochreous tinge. Fore winjrs with the usual four costal spots, much as in

254

T. suhcessaria, but the lines proceeding from them more distinct and coa-
tinuous. The second spot edged with blackish externally in the discal space,
and the line plainly continuous to the inner edge of the wing. A broad,
dusky, cliocolate, marginal shade, disappearing before reaching the apex.
Fringe faintly checkered with whitish o[)[)osit(! the marginal dark dots.
Beneath, both wings decidedly tinged with ochreous. especially the costa of fore
wings and entire surface of liind wings. Discal dots large, ditfuse on both
wings. The costal spots and lines faintly reproduced as smoky diffuse lines.
A taint difluse line on each side of discal dot on hind wings, not visible above.
Fringe faintly checkered with whitish, not so distinct and broad as in T. suh-
a'ssaria. Legs ochreous, spotted with brown.

Length of body, <? , 0 50, 9, 0.45; of fore wing, S, 0.(52, 9, 0.62; ex-
panse of wings, 1.25 inches.

Grorham, Me. (F. W. Putnam); Salem, Mass. (Emerton arul Packard);
Brookline, Mass., July 10 (Shurtleff); Medford, Mass. (L. Trouvelot); An-
dover, Mass. (P. S. Sprague) ; Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef) ; Philadelphia, Pa.
(Amer. Ent. Soc).

This species, apparently imported from Europe, differs from our native
suhcessaria by the three scallops on the hind wings, the more broadly-pecti-
nated antennae, the chocolate-color of the fore wings, and the yellowish under
side of both pairs. In one female, from Philadelphia, the wings are unusually
white, and the lines much heavier than commonly the case; the two inner
ones not interrupted, while the outer is continuous from the inner edge to the
third median veinlet.

Thamnonoma surcessaria Packard. Plate 9, fig. 71.

Ualia suhcessaria Walk., Ijist Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 945, 18G1.

2 S ami 2 9 — Antennfle slightly pectinated ; fore wings with the apex
obtuse, less produced than usual ; hind wings rounded, scarcely bent in the
middle, or distinctly scalloped. Body and wings white, with scattered dark
speckles. Head dull-whitish ; palpi and prothorax brown. Fore wings with
four well-marked costal spots, of which the subapical is snuff-brown, while
the others arc blackish. The basal is small, triangular, followed bv a series
of dark, small, venular dots. The second is oblong, witli square edges, and
not curved as in T. wararia; it extends to the median vein and is succeeded
by a few dark obscure venular dots. The three costal spots are of the same

255

size as tlio second, aiul llie line ot Ncniilar dots is niiieli curved. I lie snl»-
apical patcii Ijroad, siinaiisii. A inaii;inal row ol dark dots. Friniic a little
darker than the w ini,', and sliijhtlv checkered with w hite slripes. Hind winjis
liiiel}' mottled with ochicons scales, not arrauijed in lines; discal dot distinct.
Beueafli whitish, tini^ed decidedly with oidu'cons, and transversely siriifaled
witli pale-hrown on anterior wings, and more mottled than .strigated on the
hind wings. Friiigt; more dislinctly and broadly (dieckered than al)ovc, and
marginal row ol" spots more distinct than ai)t)ve. i^egs yellowish, thickly
spotted with lirown.

Length of l)ody, i , O.o4, 9, 0.47; of lore wing, J, O.GU, ?, 0.51); ex-
panse of wings, l.'JO inches.

Amherst, Mass. (Peabody); Hastings, X. Y. (Grote) ; Northern Illinois
(Clemens); London, Canada (W. Saunders); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus);
Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef).

Not oidy by its white color, but by its oi)tnse fin-e wings and the want
of the three scallops in the outer edge of the hind wings, may this species be
readily distinguished from its imported European representative T. tcai-aria.

Thamxonoma sulphukakia Packard. Plate 9, fig. 62.

Eupiatheria suljiluireii Pack., Fiftb Ri'p. Pc:il>. Acad. Se., 77, 1>7:!.

2 i and 2 9. — Uniformly s\dphureous; palpi large, stout, porrect, reach-
ing far beyond the head ; concolorous w ith the head and rest of body. ^lale
antennae pectinated, thickly ringed witii brown. Wings sulphur-yellow, with
three triangular costal brown spots, a large brown discal dot, and a similar
spot on the outer third of (he inncn- margin; a few transverse striga', but no
lines as usually seen in this genus. On the hind wings, two rows of large
difFuse spots, both beyond the discal dot, the inner of wliich only reaches to
the middle of the wing, while the outer is more regular, following the line
of the outer edge of the wing. Frinije long, brown, on the hind wings inter-
rupted with ochreous; at base on l)oth wings a marginal row of dark dots.
Beneath much more strigated than al)ove. Veins very distinct, being deeper
ochreous than on tlu; interspaces.

Length of body, 0.3H; of fore wing, 0.45; expanse of wings, 1.1.') inches.

Brookline, Mass. (Shurtleff) ; Natick, Mass. (Stratton); ]3rooklyn, N. Y.
(Graef) ; Victoria, Vancouver's Island, July (Crotch).

Easily known l)y its pale sulphur-yellow hues, the usual lines on the fore

2o()

wiiiys being uhsolele, more disfiiict on tlic hind wings, wlicic there are two
lines, and liv tlic three costal (riangular spots as well as (he lai'ge discal spot,
and another large brown patch on the inner edge of the Tore wing; while
beneath, the wings are much more strigated than above. The New York
and Vanconvi'r's Island examples present no differences in size or markings.

ThamnonojA flavic.\ria. up. ttar. I'late 13, fig. 40.

2 <? and .") 9. — Strnetnrally, this species is closely allied to 7. hnnnicdrid
and (irgiUacearia, bnt the fore wings are a little more falcate and the hind
wings more ])rodnced than in these species, tiie hind wings of the female
beinsr considerably more so than in the male. Antennte of the mal<^ well
pectinated; l)ody and wings bright yellow-ochreons, the hind wings lieing con-
colorons with the anterior pair. Fore wings yellow, tpiite thickly dnsted.
witii brown; t()nr well-marked costal spots, the third being the largest, the
fourth narrower and usually forming part of the extradiscal line, which is
sinuous, and toward the inner margin accompanied by a l)road shade. Just
beyond the middle of the line is either a single or twin patch, often well
defined and square. In the female, there are four suhparallel lines, the three
inner costal spots sending lines across the wing. In both sexes, the discal
dots are ve y distinct. In the male, there are traces of a single submarginal
line; l)ut. in the female, there are traces of two, one extradiscal and one sub-
marginal. The under side of the male is concolorous with the- upper side,
wiiile the discal dots are very distinct, and there is a broad, brown, submar-
giu'al, indistinct band, common to both wings ; while, in the female, there are
traces of an extradiscal line, common to both wings.

Length of body, <? , 0.46, 9,0.52; of fore wings, c?,(>.5!S, 9,0.58; expanse
of wings, 1.15 inches.

Manitou, Colorado, July 13-16, common, flying about the clifi's in
William's Canon ; common in gardens July 21, Salt Lake City, and in fields,
Farmington, Utah, July 20 (Packard, Haydeu's Survey).

This s])ecies differs from T. sulphuraria in the less decided straw-yellow
luje, and. the more decidedly falcate wings, and the heavier, darker nuirkings.

TiiAMNONOMA BRUNNEARiA Lederer. Plate 9, fig. fi3.

•' (!eom<-tn( hnnnicata TliiiiiU., Dis.s. Eiit., i, !t, 1784.''

" Geoniv-tra pimiaria Hiibn., Schin. Eiir., tab. 2-1, lig. VM) (after 1797)."

" Genmetrn (ininqiuirin Miibii.. Sclini. Eiii'., t.-i.b. 100, tii;. .'■>iri, :.17. g. :iftpr 1797."

257

PcrvoHiii iiuiiiijiittrUt Iliiliii.. Vcrz., 'J'.'O, 1"!18.

Fiilonia ]>iiuiaria Tri'ifs., .Sclini. Kiir., vi (i), 205,1827.

Sj>eran:a nyharia C'mtis, liiit. Eiit., SJ."), It^SS.

Stcpli., Koiiiencl. ISr. Ins., ^:!, 1829.
Speraii:a hiiiiimala Stcpli . Cat. Hi'. Lcp., I57, li^.'SO.
TiKtmiionomn bniiiniiila Lotlcicr, Verb. liot. Zool. Ges. Wieii, 171), 1853.
I'idonia piiuluriu Gncu., Pbal., ii. 157, lH.'i7.

ICupistiTia pinetaria Walk., Li.st Lcp. Het. Hr. Mils., xxiv, UMO, 18(52.
EiiphthtTia /iniKjhmria Tack., Fiflli Rep. ruali. Acail. Sc, 78, 187:!.

8 <? iiml 4 9. — Front of head and palpi concolorous with rest of Ixxly.
Of I'.xacily tlic form of 7'. argillacearla ; the antenna' peclinated in tin; same
manner. Uniformly ►Scotcli-snufF brown, with no markings except a tew
darker oo.stal specks, sometimes four kiracr ecpiidistant spots, with tijur
obscure lines proceeding from them. xV slight, dark, discal spot on each wing.
IJeneath, nniformly deep dnll-ochreous, with no markinifs or discal dots.
Frinije a little dark(,'r above and beneath than the winiis. Liirlit ferruifinous
reddish-brown, ochreons on tlie costa, darker toward the outer margin; dusted
with transverse striga^, especially conspicuous on the costa of the fore wings.
On the fore win<i's. three transverse dark-brown lines, dilating broadly on
the costa, the two basal ones angulated on the median vein, the third curved,
especially on the anterior half of the wing; the outer triangular costal spot
half-way between the thiid line and the tip; fringe l<*ng, dull, smoky.
Hind wings somewhat paler ochreons, witli two very distinct dark lines;
the inner straight, the outer obtusely angulated in the middh'. A narrow
discal dot on botli wings, l)ut more distinct on the liind wiuijs. lleneath,
bright ochreons, tinged with reddish on tlu; vt^nnles ; the lines re-appear
beneath, being broader and more dilfux': tiie wings speckled thickly with
ferruginous on the basal half. LciJjs very long and slender; til)ia' and tarsi
dark; fenioia paler, speckled.

Length of body, c?, 0.42, 9, (1.40: of fi)re wings, J, 0.50, 9, 0.45-48;
expanse of wing.s, i.'2-l.l"2 inches.

Maine, June 25 to July 8, in pine-woods (Packard); sides of 3Iount
Washington, N. H., July (Morrison); Natick, IMass. (Stratton, Mus. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hi.st).

This form may be recognized by its resemblance in the shape? of the
wings and autenna to 7'. argiUacearia, and liy the nnilluin dull snnil-colored
wings and duU-ochreous under side of the males. The iemales differ
unusually in coloration, being l)right-ochreous, with three dark-l)rown lines.

Our examples are so closely similar to European specimens (male and
33 I' H

258

female) llial I sco no snffici>'nl gidiiiids lor separating lliem. Tlie males from
Maine diirer from a single male from Germany in having the (our lines more
sliirjiflv marlsed tlian in llie laller; iheCTerman example is slightly larger than
most (if the ]\Iaine ex miph's, hnt one or two are of t he same siz(\ ]\Iy three
]\Iaine females only di Her fioni the l']nro|iean one in iieiiig a little smaller.
It varies verv slightly, the males (all taken in ]\Iaine) nsiially having no liii(>s;
sonu'times there is a ver\' obsenre common line on the nnder side ot the
wings, and an obsenre iiasal line on the hind wings.

Laird. — Treilsehke describes the cater|)illar as feeding on fin; bilberry;
and being of a reddish tint, with white stripes on ihe back, and a yellow
stripe on the sides (Newman).

Thamnonoma AK(iiT-LACi:AKiA Packard. Plat (3 9, fig. G4.

TrpJiriiia aryilhimiiiu Pafk., Sixth lirp. rculi. Acad. Sc, 4b, 1874.

30 <f and 6 9. — This pretty modest species is of a nniform argillaceous
hue, somelimes with an olive-gi'eenish tinge, with no lines, imt two lai'ge
ci~.slal Idaekish spots on the outer half of the wing; a large, round, lliint, discal
spot on both wings, slightl}' darker Ihan the rest of the wing, and usually not
picsent in sp<'einiens at all rubbed. The head is slightly o(direons, and there
are ochreous [ioints on the edge ol the costa. llenealh as above, but mottled
with ochreous, and es|)(^ciall} on the costa ol the fore wings and on the entire
surface of the hind wings. Legs and friuiic concoloroiis wilh tlu' body.

Length of l)o(ly, <? , ().4S, 9, 0 45; of liire wing, S, O.W, 9, 0.50;
expanse of wings, \.'2i) imdies.

Brunswick, ^le. June 2") to , Tidy 10 (Packard): ^Tassachusetts (Grote);
Philadelphia, Pa. (Amer. Lnf. Soc); London, ( 'aiiada (W. Saunders. Mus.
Comp. Zool.); Andover, JLiss., August (Sanl)orn); Xatiek, Mass., .Inly 24
(Stratton); Carver, IMass., July 10, July 28, August 1 (Shurtletr, Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist.). It is very abundant in piiU'-woods in Maine on a di'y soil, rising
and llnlteiing with rather a ti'eble flight and .soon settling again. In July,
1874, 1 eaptnicd thirty males betinc securing a female; the latter are appa-
rently less ready to lly.

In an abnornud specimen from Januiica Plain (Morrison), Ihe two fore
wings are of the sanu- size, l)ut the riyht land wiuii is half the size of its
I'ellow; the discal spot and veins present, l)ut the latter nearly one-half
shorter, more bent, and the interspaces wider.

This species is cjisily rccoffiiizcd l)y its wniit ol' any inarkiniis on llic
wings, except the two costal dai'k spots, wliicii a.rc usually wanliiiir in most
cubincf-spcciiiicns. and l>y the well-marked pectinated anlenn;e. It varies in
lint, l)eiiii: IHirc clay-asli, or with an olivivirreenisli liiiue, with sonietiincs lint
one, I'ari'Iy two, costal spots, and usually none at all.

MARMOrTKKYX, gen. vor. Plate 3, fig. 3, ?>a.

C()Mipar(>(l with ceitain s|iecics oi' ThamnononHi, such as T. nrgil/accuria,
which certain species resend)le, it, is liiund to diller in the Hire winifs not l)eing
subfiilctitc, the costa Ix-ing straight, the apex well rounded, while the outer
edge of the wing is not excavated, heing more or less oblique. The hind
wings are rounded, not angulated, and somewhat produced toward the apex.
Tlie front of tiie head is full, l>ulging out much more than in Thainnoitnma.
The palpi are short, not projecting far beyond the front, wiiile the male aii-
tenufB are not pectinated, simply ciliated. \'enalion: two large subcostal
cells; costal vein free Ironi the subcostal; the two discal venules transv(!rse;
the posterior one bent.

In coloration, the species are rcmarkalile lor the white spots and liands
on the clay-colored groundcolor, whih^ the I'ringe is nsually whitish, conspic-
uously checkered with iirown ; and beneath, the wings, especially the hinder
pair, are beautifully niarUled with white and brown.

SijnoiJsis of the. Species.

For; wiii^js iimcU lomuli'd, inurbled aliovc ,1/. .iliiyiilaria.

L;ii'j;er tliau tlie otliiT two species; t'oro wing.s iiincli pointed )/. maymintilii.

Fore wing.s acute ; j;ol(leri-yello\v 1/. UsselUilii.

M.A.RMOPTERYX STUIGULARIA Packard. Plate f), fig. (15.

AnixopliTiiJC strifiuluiiu Jliuot ! ! 1, I'loc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., xii, 17U, ISli'J.
Tcphrina stricjularia Pacli., Proe. Host. Soc. Xat. Hist., xiii, 393, 1S71.
Lariiitia cciieiformi.-! Haivey, Hull. IJiilValo Soc. Nat. Sci., pi. 11, Til;. 5, 1S74.

f) ii and 2 9. — Fore wintrs nuudi rouinb'd at apex; median venules
rather short; i'ront of head less full anil protruding than in M. mannnniln
frt)in Nevada. JJody and wnngs uiiitiirm sal)le ash-color, mixed with blackish
scales on the front of thorax, and on head and palpi. Jfale antenna' aimn-
lated above with blackish.. Fore wings with three laroe costal white spots,
from the outer of whit h proceeds a curved broad shade, which lades away on
the independent venule, but may be tracetl as it curves aroimd nearly to the

260

inner edge. Tlie two inner eostal spots are witiiin llie hasal hall' uf llie costa.
Costa darker than rest of wing, with pale strigoc.. Outer margin of wing
be.yond the outer whitish shade chisky. Fringe checla^red eonspieuously with
<hirlx, witli two narrow costal white checks just l)et()re the apex. Iliud wings
nnil()rni sahle-ash, with no markings; fringe checkered. Beneath, marbled
and mottled with wliite and Mack, reminding us of the peculiar markings
of C/iio/ioIxis. Fore wings with costal and outer margin marbled, inner por-
tion of wing uniformly salile. The three costal spots distinct as above, the
outer band disappearing entirely on the independent venule. An apical
vvliitish region, fringe on l)oth wings dark, checkered with black, and with
a slender line near the liase. Hind wings unil()rndy marbled over whole
surliice. AVithin the middle of the wing, a white, linear, transverse spot
comiecting the discal fold with the sid)e(>stal vein. Beyond tlie middle
of the wing, a, white i)and, distinct on the costal and inner edge, bid fading
out iu tiie nfuldle of the wing; each end of the band with a broad lilackish
patch outside; inner margin of wing blackisii. Legs blackish, spotted with
white. Abdomen with a row of Idack dots on each side.

Length of imdy, S, 04;;, V , 0.45 ; of fore wing, cf, 0.67, 9, 0.70; ex-
panse of wings, 1.40 inches.

"Montreal, Canada'' (Harvey); Montpelier, Vt., August (Sanborn, Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist.); West Virginia, April (Mead).

The tiiree eostal sj)ots vary in either l)eing at equal ilistances apart,
though more usually the two inner spots are nearer together than the middle
and outer ones; otherwise it does not vary much.

This beautiful species may at once be known by the three conspicuous
costal white spots, the outer terminating in a Hunt shade, and by the mesial
white band of secondaries being obsolete in its middle third. The beautifully-
mar])led under surface will at once distinguish it from any of our other moths
of this family. Tiu' Californiau ;)/. iiianimrata approaches Sdidosema iu the
acute primaries, and wants the two liasal spots on the costa.

MAKMni'TKRYX MAKMORATA Packard. Plate 9, lig. GG.

Tipliriua inarmoruta I':uU., I'ruc. ISost. Sue. Nat. Hist., xiii, iW:!, 1871.

2 9. — Closcdy allied in I'orm and markings to M. iilrigularia, wrongly
referred by Mr. C. S. Minot (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. xii) to
AnisojJteryx. These two species jjelong to a distinct section of tlie genus.

2r,i

Tho front of I lie licad is miicli I'lillci- (Itnii usual, liie wings arc iiiorc pDiiitcd,
and the |)al|»i arc ([uiti' slioil. |)r()j(>crm<r hut a liltlc distance Ix'vond tlic Cront.

Body and wings ])alc-asli, with a 1cstace(Mis line; a little (lee|ier h i the

outer edi,n' of hot h wings. Tiie rostai edge is tinged faintly wit ii reddish-
ochreous, and marked with niinnte strig;e, most di.stinct on the extreme edge.
A .sqnare whitish spot on ilie inner third of the costa, and an outer, while,
distinct line hroadest im the cosla. heeoming vcrv fiiint hel()re rcaciiingthc
inner alisf of the wing, hent on tiic first median \ennlc. The fringe on
hofh wings is white, checkered with large, scjiiarc, l)rown spots ;, no discal
spot ahove or liclow on either wing. Under side of costal region and outer
edge of the fore wings l)athed with yellow testaceous: veins <listiiict, testa-
ceous ; extreme costal edge dark, with white si riga;. Outer white line linutlv
reprodiH'cd, making wilii the white apex a rude V, im-josing a triangular
mottled space: remainder of the wing clear of scales. Uu(h'r side of hind
wings marl)led heuutifully, tin; ground-coloi- lieing white, with dark stri-rre
arranged in l)roken hands, and with diifuse ochre-yellow blotciies; a central,
broad, white band, angulated on lh<> indepemlenl venule, bordered on lioth
sides With ycllowisii spots, especially on the venules, and the wing within is
densely strigated, with the median area wiiile with a few brown striga-; from
the inner angh- arises a liroad, interrupted, while band, which terminates on
the first ine(han venule. The outer edg(M)f t lie wing is sprinkled with l)rown,
especially on fh(! apex and costa ; elsewliere it is pure white. Prothoracic
scales and patagia rcddish-ochreons ; middle of thorax and abdomen con-
colorous with the upper side of the wings.

Prolialily from near the snow-line, as our New England sp(>cies was
found by Mr. tSanborn on the summit of Mount Manstield, Vt

Lengtii of hody, tj.oO; li)ri' wing, 0.75: cx])anse of wings, l.tiO imdics.

Nevada (Edwards).

]\Iakmoptkuvx j kssellata Packard.

Marmi>i>taijx hsmllala r;K-li., in I I:iv1iii'.-n Ann. IJi'p. (ltd!. Snf. 'Irn., .'..VJ, pi. 1. li;j. (J. ISTfi.

1 ?. — Compared with M. mannomta from Cali-

^^)l[^^^^^S f"i'i'ia, its nearest ally, the Hire wings arc lalher nar-

/' rower and the outer edge more oiilicpic, while ihe a|iex

^Sijr^ ^ >eft«??'^ is more pointed. The head i,-; exactly as in that species,

.v.mmv-'.n/r A -,//,-/«. ihefi^>iit beiuy lull and bulging. Head and thm-ax pale-

gray, with a i eddish tinue. I'alpi blackish alt ip. I-"i-..ul of head w ith a sliiilit

262

velldwis!! tint, icddish bctweiMi the aiiiennfc. A dark streak on each side of
prothorax, and a long, narrow, dark-brown slash on the patagia. Both wings
of a rich golden-yellow, \vi(h dusky slate-brown margins. Fore ^vings willi
the costa pah; slate-color, checkered l>roadly with five large, stpiare, \vhit(^
si)ots, and two minute, whitish, linear spots near the apex. Outer edge dusky,
the dark margin narrowing toward 1 he inner edge. Fringe very long and slate-
colored, check(;red conspicuously with white. Hind wings like fore wings;
the costa is narrowly edged with slate. Beneath, the wings are brightly
colored; the anterior pair dull golden-yellow, with a reddish tinge on the costal
side. Borders of tin; wing checkered very conspicuously as above; the apex,
however, whitisli. Hind wings |)alc tliwu-colored, marl)led with white, with a
costo-apical, oltlong (transversely), white sfiot, and a lai'ge, s(piare, white spot
in the middle of tiie wing below; costa marbled with whitish, abdomen pale
fawn-color, like the tliorax.

Length of l)ody, 9,0.4.'3; of fore wing, 9, 0(14; expanse of wings, l.;-iO

inclies.

Arizona (Dr. Palmer, Department of Agriculture).

Though tliis species is described from Arizona, it may l)e confidently
looked for in Soutlun-n Colorado. The species is so remarkable that I venture
to describe it from a single individual. It may be readily recognized by its
rich golden-yellow wings, the checkered costa of the anterior pair, and the
broad dusky mai-gin of both wings, while the hind wings beneath an^ beauti-
fully marl)led.

PHASIANE Duponch.'l. Plat.' 3, fig. 5.

I'lKisinnc Dup. (in luut), Lrp. Fiaiic-i', viii (i\ ), lU'J, 1^29; viii (v), 14.'), ISoU.

EuboUa Boisd. (in part), Gen. Ind., -201, IS40.

i'Vdonirt H.-Scli. (in part), iii, 64, lS4t).

Phashiiic Leclerc 1- (in part), Vcrli. Bot. Zonl. Ges. Wien, 23:?, 1853.

Tipln-uia Giien. (in part), I'lial., ii,9G, 1S57.

Walk, (in part). List Lcp. Met. Br. Mus., xxiii, 'J51, 18(il.

Male antennjc either slightly pectinated, or simple and slightly ciliated;
female simple. Palpi st!)ut, of modeiate length ; third joint pointed, porrect,
])assing beyond the fi-on( by a distance twice tiie length of the ihird joint.
.\ short frontal lufl lietween the palpi. Fore wings subfalcate, the apex
subacute; cosia st raiglit, i he outei' edge slightly bent, flind wings square,
being l)ent just Ix^low liu' ajiex, whicli is well rounded, and again on the
first median, whilr liie inner angle is rectangular. 'J'lie venation is very

Diiicli like thill oi' Semiolhisd, tlic costal rcuion Ikmiii); ikhtow ; the siihcostal
veins arc longer and more i)arallel to the costa than in Scniiotltisa ; the outer
end of the snlicostal ar<M)le is open, hein^ closed in Scmiolliisd and Dins-
t(ctis. In this respect it resenibl(>s Enholid, in \vhi(d: it is also open. Tlio
costal vein joins the sid>cost;d areole opposite the anterior discal venule.
Abdomen loDiT and slendei, rather sipiare at the tip. Hind libijp swollen ;
tarsi a little over half as lonir as the tibi;v. Tlu' niarkini^s ot" this genus are
usually very charai'teristic. the front wini^s l)eing crossed by three well-
marked lines, the outer and inner often bright ochreous, the vellowish por-
tion sonu'tinu's suddenly disappearing near the costa; the vellowish lines are
sometimes replace<l by distinct. I)la"ck, straight or simu)us lines. There is
nsually a siuirle line on the hind wings, either entire or ol)solete liefore reach-
ing the middle of the wing. Four indistinct discal dots usually present.
The females scarcclv diller from the males in the shai)e ot' the winirs and
markings.

This genus may \w known l)y the usually slightly sui)falcate fore wings,
the straight costa, bent outer edge, s(piare hind wiuirs, with tlu; apex well
roimded, i)y the long slender alidomen. and th(^ swollen hind til)i;e Eiiho/ia,
which is rejiresented in this country by an uiulescril)ed species, dillers from it
in the fore wings being much n:ore rounded at the ape.x, the costa strai<rhler,
being slightly curved in, and by the fuller outer edire. whilethe costal viXiic, of
the hind wings is shorter. {Eubuli(7 vnniiiaria is the only nanu'd s]iecies I
have for comparison.) Didxticfis is remarkably near Plnisidii'', and at tlrst I
was inclined to regard the diHerences as not generic; it dillers from I'luisidnc
simply in the longer pectinations of the anteijna> and 1 he more rectangidar
apex of the ("ore wincrs and the moi'e decidi-d bend in the outer edge of the
wing. i)ut especially in the nuudi lonirer. sleiiderei- hind lei^s, the tii>iiv not
being swollen. The venation difiers more decridedly, the sulx'ostal areole
being widei-, the \\ hole costal reirion in fact wider, and the cell bcini,' (dosed

'^riie s]iecies vary in the antenna' and shape of the fin-e winirs ; in l\
cU/oJu.sciata i\ud P. ■s///>//i//ii///<i, \\\(' v(ts\;i and outer edge beini,' verv st raii,dil,
especially the outtir edge.

P. atrofasciata and .■^/(b//ii//i<(fa in their venation aic almost identical w ilh
the lower divksion of Sciiiio/hi.w. the subcostal areole being open externally,
and, except in the style ol' markings, it .seems impossible to separate the two
genera : and the separation as regards G. oce///nata, caiiforniata, and F. oiro-

264

fasctaiiiwwAl'. sKhmiiiidln, wiiioli I have dcscrihcd as n Mucaria {Semiothisa) ,
is an artificial one. I believe that Semiotliisa and P/iadane originated from
llie same stock, since tlie generic (diaracters of these species agree remarU-
;d)lv. Tiiis converging of generic characters of the lower species of allied
genera is seen tiiroughout the family, and probably indeed in almost every
familv and group of the animal kingdom. In like manner, the distinctions
l)et\veen tlie two aljove-mentioncd genera and Euholia and Diastictis are
highly artificial, and I adopt them as genera simply for convenience. It is
putting nature in a straight-jacket for a temporary purpose.

SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES.

Atlantic and Rochy Mountain States.
A. Fore wings not falcate ; outer edge very oblique : ■

Three iianillel black Hues, inner and outer not curved /'. alrofasdata.

Three heavy black lines, outer very sinuous, inner curved P. orillala. y'

Fore wings acute ; no well-defined lines ; wings mncb mottled /'. niihiculata. ^

With a vermilion tinge ; outer line very sinuous i'. snoriata. lX

i>. Wings subfalcate :

a. Outer and inner lines black ;

Like snoviata, but wings more produced, with two very lie.avy curved liues

ou fore wings !'■ mcadiaia. ^

b. Outer and inner lines yellow ;

Outer line bent very near the apex -P. mdlhtrigaia. Vij

Outer line geutly sinuous, rather near the outer edge ; a discal ringlet /*. Irifaaciata. ~ j

Outer line leniote from the outer edge, sinuous ; a, discal ringlet I', shtuata. rl

■ Pacific States.

A. Fore wings not falcate:

Like siwrinta, tinged with vermilipn i'. siibmixiaia. (_'(

B. Fore wings subfalcate :

Clay-yellowish, a broad inner and outer line; much speckled with gray and

black i'. irrorata. \ ^

Like sinuatn, but the brown portion of the outer line in sinuata is yellow, and the

line is nearer the outer edge /'• ncplata. \ \

PiiAsiANE ATKOFA.sciATA, sp. nov. Plate 9, fig. 74.

Miuaria onllata Pack., Filth Iicp. Peab. Acad. Si'., (iii, lS7o.

o 9. — Fore wings not subfalcate, the costa and outer edge very straight
(the latter imusutilly ol)lique), mon; so than in any other species of the genus.
15(idy and wings grunite ash-gray, j)f the same color as P. urlUata. Three
very ol)lique parallrl lihick liiii's ; the inner straiglit and firm in i(s course,

U

205

tprmiiiaiiiii; on llic cosln, nearly twice as far fioiii I he insertion ol' tlie wing
as on tlie inner niaiiiin. The middle line is faint, and ])asscs over tin; site of
the diseal spot. The onler line is nearly straight in its oltlifiiic course, not
sinuous, thouiili sometimes very slightly so, and is closely accompanied Ijy a
less distinct dark line, beyond which is a faint dusky shade reaching half-way
between the line and the edge ol the wing. A sIcmkUm', interrupted, marginal,
black line. Hind wings WMth two a|)proximalc l)lack lines just beyond the
middle of tin; wing, starting from the inner edge and fading out (in my spe-
cimens) belbre reaching the niiddh? of tin; win^;. Beneath, no lines, and the
diseal dots obsolete, liothwinus are, mottled with white and clouded toward
the outer margin. Hind tibi.e swollen ; tarsi a little longer than usual.

Length of body, 9, 0.40: of fon; wing, 9, 0.4G ; expanse of wings, 1.05
inches.

Waco, Tex, July 12, September 11 (Belfrage, Mus. Teab. Acad. Sc).

This interesting species, which by mistake I had referred to Semiotlma
{Mucaria), is in its venation and markings a tru(> riiusinne. It may l)e distin-
guished from P. nrillata by the more oblique and straight lines, the l)asal
not being curved, and the doul)le extradiscal not sinuous, while the wings
are narrower and the outer edge less full and rather more oblique.

Phasiane orillata Packard. Plate 'J, tig. 75.

AnaUxa oriUuta Walk. ! ! !, List Lep. Hef . Bi-. Mus., xxvi, 1710, ISia.
rinmane excurvata Tack., Sixth Rt-p. Tcab. Acad. Sc, 47, Ifi'A.

2 S and 3 9. — This species is intermediat<! in l(>rm and styh- of mark-
ings between P. excurvaria and P. atrofasciata. Male antennt^i sinq)le, cili-
cated. The fore wings are not subfalcate, the co.sta being very straight; the
apex subacute and less convex than usual. On the other hand, the wings arc
broader than in P. atrofasciata, though of much the same shape. Body and
wings granite-gray, of the same tint as the above-named species. Fore wings
with two strongly-marked, conspicuous, heavy, black lines, the inn(;r curved
regularly outw^ard and situated on tin; inner third of the winy. The outer
(extradiscal) liiu; is sinuate, with a decided angle Ix-low tin; costal regu)n,
nearly opposite the diseal dot. A faint brown shadi; along the outer side
of the extradiscal line. A faint middle line including the small diseal dot,
which is a simple black dot, not forming a circle. A marginal series of elon-
gated linear spots, much as in P. atrofascixita. Hind wings concolorous with
34 p 11

2G()

(lip ant(M-i()r pair; u black discal dot, and a single, sliirlitly sinuous line curved
out a little ()i»[)osite the diseal dot, and widening on the imieredge. Beneath
whitish-ash, with the lour discal dots present, and the two lines on the lore
win'i's and the single line on the hind wings faintly re|M-oduced. Hind tihite
swollen; tarsi half as long as the tihiie.

Length of body, c^, 0.40, 9. 0.48; fore wing, <?, 0 45, 9, 0.55; expanse
of wings, 1.10 inches.

Jieverlv, i\Iass., August 2H (Burgess); Boston, Jlass. (Morrison); New
Jersey (.Sa(dis); Easton, I'a. (C'lemens, Stultz); Dallas, Tex., in March, not
rare, about .liiniperus Virgiiikinu, and also in October, June IG (Boll, Mus.
Peab. Acad. Sc).

I'his species dilfers from /'. (itrofuvcialit in the liroader wings and the
usually nioic siniuite and angled outer line and the curved inner line. The
species is nion' nearly related to the latter than to any other. My Pennsyl-
vanian male is much smaller than the Texan males or the females, and the
two lines are more curved and aijproxiniale. The Texan male is much larger
than the Pemisylvanian one, and the two lines on the fore wings are much
farther apart, while the basal line is straight, not curved outward. In the
Texan male, also, the costa of the fore wing is slightly curved inward, the
a[ie\ ix'ing much rounded, the shape of the wing being much as in the
]M\ropean Ei(ho/ia iiiiirinanii.

As the s|iecimeu desci-ibed as I'Jiasianc excurvala dilfers in some respects
from the eastern examples, I apjiend the original description: —

1 S . — In the onllinc! of the wings, the antennuc, and in other structural
features, this species is closely allied to P. ty'ifasclatd Pack., but the markings
are quite diflcrent. Body and wings deep mouse-gray. Fore wing.s with
inner line not curved as usual, but straight, in its course oblique, ending
nearly twice as far on the costa li-om the base of the wing as on the inner
edge; the line is black, with an inner dusky shadf.' acconqianying it. Middle
lint! not curved exactly 'paralh'l to the inner, blackish and passing very near
tiie oblong discal dot. ()uter line bla(d<, rather obli(pie, curved ontwai'd a
good deal just below the costa oppositi' Ihr discal dot. A dusky shade not
much wider than the line itself accompanies the liiu', and is connected with
a broad costal spot nfulway betwe(>n the outer line and the apex of the wing.
A peculiar whitish, very bioad, dilfuse, irregular .shade starts from tlie apex,
where it is narrow, and ends en the anal angle of the wing. Hind wings

r\^

2(>7

will) the same suhmargiiial. whitish, ohsciirc hand, ati<l with tliroo pamllnl
dusky lines, much as in /'. (ri/asciaftt. l^cncath. niuch as in the latter s|)ecies,
l>u( th(^ suhniaririnal smoky hand is wantini;-, and there are no lines jiresent,
while the hind wings are mottled as usual, hut whiter; anterior le<rs nilher
dusky, ringed with paler.

Length of body, c?, 0.50; of fore wing. 9. 0 fiO inch.

''Kocky ^[ouutains" (Orote).

The outer line snddcMdy e.xciirved opposite the discal dot separates this
tVom tiie other species; the, lines are also all dark, with no (awny-yeliow
siuide accompanyin<r them, and in this respect it iliU'ers I'rom all the other
species to which it is closely related; /. e., P. ncpUiia and V. unuatd ol' tli(!.
Kocky Mountains and Pacific coast, and the eastern P. trifasclata Pack, and
ineUistrigata Grote. The outer line; is less ohlitjue than in /'. mellistrigata.

Phasiank NUiiicuLATA, s}). 7i(>r. Plate li>, lig. 45.

2 9. — Palj)! as usual ; fore wings more acute at the apex than ustud,
the costa being very straight and the outer (idge more oblique and longer in
])roporti()ii to the inner edge than in most of the other species. Body and wing.s
white, clouded with dark brown. Instead of the usual two very distinct lines,
there arc four indistinct ])arallel lines ecjually indistinct on account of the
speckled and spotted surface of the wing. The (wo inner lines are parallel
and similar. The two outer lines are nearer together and more or less bndien
and diffuse, with a white line between and beyond them, the submarginal
white Hne being a little sinuous. The usual marginal, dark, broken line on
both wings. Hind wings wnth no distinct lines, but mottled with brown, and
with some ochreous scales; di-scal dot obscure. TIk; fringe is lonff, with two
brown hair-lines externally. Beneath, both wings alike, quite uniformly
mottled with brown and ochreous, but with no lines, though the discal marks
are slightly indicated, not being [)resent ai)ove on the fore wings.

Length of body, 9,0.35; of fore wings, 0.4G; expanse of wings, 105
inches.

(jolorado (Sachs); Bridger, Wyoming, .luly 20 (Packard, Ilayden's
Survey).

This is a well-marked species, and (piite iliffercnt from any others of the
genus, though most nearly relati'd to I', oi'dhila. Tl differs, JKjwever, in the

268

vviiif'S bein"' so much mottled, and in Ihc want ol' wcll-dclined black lines on
the fore wings, and of any traces of one on the hind wings. The fore wings
are uiore-acutc than usual, and (lie outer edge is very long and oblique.

PiLVSiANK SNOVi^TA Packard. Plate 10, fig. 1.

Not riwiiyra .siibmiiiintn I'ack., I'mc. I'.dsl,. Soc. N:it. Hist., xvi, 25, 1874.
Mac<iii<i siihmiiihila l';H'lc., Sixtli Ki-p. I'l^li. .\(.';k1. S. i., 4'.), 1S74.

2 (?. — This is a grayish moth, suffused with vermilion on the body and
wings. It agrees very closely wilh Semiothisa s-sigfia/a, from Texas, in the
form of the body and the peculiar cut of the wings; the fore wings being entire
on the outer edge, and the hind wings rounded and not angulatcd. The head
and prothorax are not discolorous with the rest of the body. The antenna;
are not so well ciliated as in Semiothisa s-signala. Fore wings vermilion-
gray, with a basal, regularly-curved, Idack line, ending on the subcostal line
rather nearer the large oval discal dot than the base of the wing. No traces
of a median line. Outer line black, regularly sinuous, curving once outward
opposite the discal spot, and once inward below, widening on the inner edge,
and growing narrow and faint on the costa; it is faintly edged with vermilion
on the inside, and externally is accompanied with a broad, dusky, blackish
shade extending more than half-way to the outc-r edge. Hind wings con-
colorous with anterior pair, a little more clouded, wilh no lines. Beneath,
decidedly tinged with vermilion, especially costa and veins, with no lines,
except a marginal, dark, diffuse shade common to both wings. Legs concol-
orous with the body.

Length of body, c? 0.40; of fore wing, <S , 0.47; expanse of wings,
1.00 inch.

Lawrence, Kans. (Prof F. IL Snow).

Resembling P. meadiata, it differs in its rather more decided vermilion
tinge and the much more sinuate outer line. The wings ar(! more speckled,
and the body and wings are shorter and thicker than in /'. inaidiatii. The
wings in the hitter species are much clearer, and (lie (wo dark bands much
mori! conspicuous.

On reviewinir (he generic characters of Pliitsiane, I find I was mistaken
in referring this species to Semiothisa {Mncariu), and consequently change
the specific name to snoridla in honor of the discoverer of the species.

Another s])ecimen IVoni Law rence, Kans., received from Professor Snow,

is a iiiarUcd variety; liiclwo dark l)aii(ls on liic I'ore wind's liciiiir obsolrif,
hilt th(^ discal dot is present, and a dark reddish-hrown, hroad, siiinoiis .shade
rcphices tlie dark snioke-eolored slunh' in the normal specimen: otherwise the
two specimens do not diU'er.

PiiAsiAXF. .MKADiATA Packard I'latc 10, flir. 2.

I'lidniinn' midilintu I'jU'U., Sixtli K'l'ii. I'cali. Acail. Sc. 17. 1H71.

1 S. — This is M'ly closely allied to the Muidpean /'. rijijx'itaria Dnp.,
the style ol markings heing identical. Body and wings carneous-grav. Fore
wuigs with light and daik streaks on extreme edge, cspcH-ially murk(>(] oppo-
site the lines. 'l\vo hroad. conspicnoiis, dark lines not rea<diing the subcostal
vein: the inner sliirhtly curved, disappeariiii;' in t he middle (d' t lie discal s|)ace;
the outer sinuous, endiiiy on the last subcostal venule, shaded broadly l)eyoiKl
with l)rowii. Discal (h)t rather large, taint. Hind wings concolorous with
lore wings: a iiiint discal dot, and beyond a reddish-brown lin(\ which disap-
])ears op|)osite the dot. Ijeneath, mort; tawny-reddish than above, both wings
mottled with tawny and pale ash, veins tawny-reddish, the discal dots inoro
conspicuous than above, and the two lines on H)re wings very Iiiint. No lines
cm hind wings.

Length of body, ,i , 0 4.5; of tore wing, <?, 0.55; expanse of wings, 1.10
inches.

Denver, Colo., June 1 (T. L. Mead).

I'his ditlers from all tiie other s])ecies by the two bhudiish, shortened,
sinuous lines, the outer one shaded externally, and in the l)ody and wings
being tlesh-colored, almost reddish, with a Iiiint vermilion tiuire. Idie fore
wings are rather short. The antenna' are densely ciliated.

Tlu^ artist has made the line on the hind ^\illgs simious; it should be
nearly straight.

PlIASIAXE MELLISTRIGATA Giote. i'hlte 10, fig. 3.
rUasianc mcllislrignlu (iroto, Hull, liuli'alo Soc. Nat, Sc, 12, 1>1. 1, lig. 11, 9 , 1S~:>-

2 J — Of the usual Ibrni of the genus, the apc^x of the anterior pair of
wings moderately oiitiise. Ijody and wings mouse-colored, slightly paler
than in the other species. Fore wimrs with the inner line at the usual dis-
tance from the base, very slightly curved, pale tawny-brown, a narrow yel-
lowish edging within. The outer line makes oiu; well-marked curve, reach-

270

in<^ a point nearer the apex than tli(! similar line in other species, whence it
bends nearly at right angles on the eiosta ; it is tawny-brown, edged on each
side with yellowish, witli n dark external shade, which stops at the l)end; the
extreme costnl portion of tlic line being brown, anil as if made np of a row
of closely-connecled beads. A small, transversely ovate, discal dot. No
middle line. A faint niiirglnal row of dots on l)otli wings. Hind wings
scarcely paler than tlic anterior pair, with a liunt discnil dot and a'single dusky
brown line, which is distinctly bent opposite the discal dot, and terminates
on the costa. Under side of both wings as usual in the genus, being gray,
mottled with whitish, and on the costal regions of both wings mottled with
ochreous; the veins also speckled with ochreous. Legs as usual, and concol-
orous with the body.

Length of l)ody, S. 0.47; of lore wing, J, 0.55; expanse ol" wings, 1.00
inch.

Albmiy, N. Y., May 2'.l (Lintner); Missouri (Eiley).

This pretty species ditlers from any others I have seen by the curved
outer line reaching much nearer tlie apex and there becoming bent at a con-
siderable angle, and oidy the Ijrown ])ortion of the line continued On to tlie
costa. Mr. Grote d^escribes in his female specimen a taint median line on
the fore wings, and a iiVmt submarginal line "appearing as a vague festooning",
and a- single line on the hind wing distinctly bent oi)posite the discal dot.

The example Ironi ]\Iissonri has the markings of the New York speci-
mens, but the extradiscal line ends liulher trom the apex than usual, the line
behind ))eing a little less ob]i(pie. The wings are also darker, and of exactly
tiie shade of P. tyijdsciatd, to which the Missouri specimen shows a slight
tendency to approximate; the under side of the wings in the Missouri
example being scarcely distinguishable from that of P. trifasciata.

PiiAsiANE TKIFASCIATA Packard. Plate 10, fig. 4.

J'hiixiiiiif trifdxiiaui P:u:k., Sixth IJi'ii. Pi'ab. Acad. Sc, 4G, 1871.

1 S. — Tills species dix^s not difier structurally from the others ol the
genus, except that the apex of the lore wings is periiaps slightly mor<^ rouiuh'd.
Hind wings and legs as in the other species. Body and wings dee|) mouse-
gray. Fore wings with the l)asal yellowish line straight. The median dusky-
ash line rather dilfuse, straight, and inclosing the distinct discal ringlet.
The outer line almost straight, being very slightly sinuous, tawny-yellow; the

271

yollow porlion fcriiiiiiali's luidw.iy in a line drawn Iroiii llic discal dol lo the
apex (iC t lie wini;-: i'lom ( licnco a dark costal (■oiilinualioii oiK'-liall" as w idi;
as tli(! ycllowisli |)i)i(i()n of (hr line. A l)r()ad <lusk_v sliadc accoiiipanics llu;
yellow poi'lidii of the line. The outer portion of the shade is eontinncd
plaiidv on to the eosta. niiuiini,'- parallel lo the ilark end of the outer fiue.
The usual niaiixinal row of l)laek dots. Hind wiiiirs with tliicc dilfusc, rathrr
indistinct, e(pii(listant, dusky lines, the second and third nearer toiiclher than
the first and second. Discal dots small, half-way hetween the second and
third liu(!S. Marginal rowof distinct l)lack dots. Friuijfe concolorous with the
wings. ]3eneath, discal dots distinct on hot h. especiallv so oti hind wiii'ifs:
whiter than usual, especially the hind wiuirs. A smoky, i)r()ad, suhmarginal
shade on each wing free from specks. \'eins ;uid costal reirion of hoth wings
speckled with oclir(;ous. Legs speckled.

Length of liody, S, 0.45: of fore wings, S, U.ao ; expanse of wings,
LIO inches.

Berlin Falls, \. 11., August II (Sanborn).

This pretty species is near /•*. meUislrisnid, hut the Hu-e wings are more
obtuse; there are three jiarallel linesou the hind wings. Adistinct median line
on anterior pair, and the yellow portion «iuddenly ends, with an outer lin<'
parallel to the dark termination. Beneath, the wings are whiter.

PiiASiANE .siNUATA Packard. Plate 10, fig b.

I'hasiaiic shiiiula Puck., Sixtli Rep. I'eab. iVoad. Sc. 1."). r'^74.

1 rf . — Closely allied to hut considerahly lai-ger than P. nrptata, whicn
it closely resembles. The antenna? and palpi as in that species. Jiody and
wings of the usual color in this genus, l)eing mouse-ash, like /'. ni'jitatu, and
finely speckled with blackish: the specks often transversely lineai\ Fore
wings with a curved basal line, yellowish within and tawny-lirown without.
The line is regularly curved instead oi' straight, as in P. neptata, and does
not quite reach the costa. Discal spot large, round, sitiuitecl nearer the outer
than the inner line. The outer line more sinuate than usual in the izenus,
curving outward opposite the discal spot, and inward below the third median
venule; the line is moderately broad, the inner two-thirds tawny or snuH-
browii, tlfe outer dull-yellowish. .V fiiiut, dusky, ditl'use line, situated half-
w-ay between the outer line and the outer edge of the wing, begins on the
costa and ends in the extradi.scal space. A marginal row of black dots.

272

Friiiifc concolorous willi wiiiirs. iriml \vings concolorous with llic anterior
])air, traversed l)y three e(iui(listan(, taint, dusliy lines not reaebing tiie costa.
Frint^e and marginal dots as in litre wings. Beneath, both wings qnite
nnilbrmly mottled, thougii the liind wings arc more coarsely so, with more
white. Venules sul)()chreous; costal region of both wings speckled with
orhreous. Fringe slightly checkered with dusky-brown. Legs concolorous

with llie Ixidy.

Leuiiili ol'l)()dy, S , O.AO; of fore wing, c?,0.05; expanse of wings, 1.45

inches.

Victoria, Vancouver Island, July ((.1. R. Crotch, Mus. Comp. Zool.).

This species dillers from P. ncptata. to which it is closely allied, in the
head and cut of the wings, by its larger size, the sinuate outer line, and by
the three dusky lines on the hind wings. The under side of both wings
resembles closely that species.

PiiAsiANE SUBMINIATA Packard. Plate 10, fig. (!.

runaijra siihminiala Puck., Proc. Bo.st. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, 2.i, 1874.

1 9. — Dillers from any other species known to me by the vermilion-
red on the costa and veins, especially beneath; the upper side of body and
wings being uniform ash, tinged faintly with vermilion. Front reddish-ash,
dull red on orbits ; the grayish hairs i)rojectiug between the palpi well marked.
Palpi stout and Inishy, concolorous with the orltits, with a dark spot beneath;
vertex gray, like tln^ thorax. Antenna; reddish. Fore wings reddish-ash,
especially on the costa and veins. A linear, pale-brown, interru|)ted. curved
line, en<ling in a wider costal spot. Di.scal dot distinct, brown. ( )uter line
forming a broad sinuate shade ending just before tiie costa. Fringe concol-
orous with the rest of the wing, with a faint pale line just beyond the middle.
Hind wings a little paler than fore wings, speckled with brown scales; fringe
a little darker, as in fore wings. Beneath, both wings deeply tinged with
vermilion, especially costa of fore pair and entire hind wings; veins vermilion;
between them finely mari>led witii ash and brown scales. Legs tinged with
reddish.

Length of body, — ? (abdomen wanting); of fore wing, ().G3 ; expanse of
vvin({.s, 1.30 inches.

Goose Lake, Siskiyou County, Cal. (J. Ilolleman).

This fine species, communicated by Mr. Holleman, to whom tin; Museum

()(■ tlic Pcalxidy Academy is imlchti'd tlir a mimhcr ol' rare spcciiiicMs Iroiii
Norllieni Oaliforiiia and Oif's^jon, may at once he known hy the reddisli-a.sli
upper side of the hody an<l llie vermihoii color of the un(h'r sich- of the
wings, hy tlie al)sence oC the nsual hne on the hind wini^s, and hv the outer
liiu' on primaries heiiiir (hifuse, not sharply (h-fined as usual.

Phasiank iKUORATA, .sy;. )ior. Plate 10, fig. 7.

4 9 and 1 i. — Fore wings subfalcate (aiitenuir wanting); palpi of
moderate length. ViwU and wings jjalc ochreous-gray, with a nu)re luteous
tinge than in any other species known to me, dusted over with dark specks.
Fore wings witii two well-marked pale-ochreous lines of equal width: the
inner straight, often fiuling out before reaciiing the costa ; the outer either
straight or slightly sinuous, being in one specimen curved outward rather
suddenly in the tinst median space, or swelling out gradually above it. Fringe
on both wings concolorous with the wings. Hind wings dusted conspicuously
with black, as in the anterior pair; a dark discal dot. The discal dot on the
anterior wings forming a black ringlet centered with white. Beneath, a litth;
j)aler than above, with finer black speck.s. The outer yt^llowish line is faintly
reproduced. Both wings are distinctly speckled with black scales; the discal
spot is on the fore wings, represented l)y a large diffuse collection of black
scales, with a much smaller one on the hind wings. Abdomen of male rather
long and slender. Legs with tlu' hind tibia- swollen: hind tarsi half as long
as the tibiae.

Length of body, t?, 0.45, 9, 0.42; of fore wing. cT, 0..').'}, 9, 0.54; expanse
of wings, 1.00 inch.

San Diego, Cal. (Crotch, Mus. Comp. Zoiil.).

This species may l>e distinguished from /-•. nepluia by the lighter, more
clay-yellow (luteou.s) wings, the larger discal ringlets, the i)roa<l, pale, ochre-
ous, nearly straight, extradiscal line, by the want of any marginal black dots,
the absence of any dark shade along the e.xtradiscal line. Midway between
the extradiscal line and the edge of the wing are three obscure dark patches.
Beneath, the wings are paler than above, but with no decided ochreous tinge.
I cannot identify it with any of M. Gnenc^e's species.

PiiASiANE NEPTATA Packard. Plate 10, fig. 8.

Tcphrina nepiaria Guen., Phal.. ii,99, 18;")7.

Panagra flaro-fasciala P.ick., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, liO-l, K-Tl.

i and 9. — Uniform granite-gray, thickly speckled uniformly over the

lo

surlhco of llic wing: liead and thorax coiicoloroiis. A slightly oblique, narrow,
hrown line, lined with yellow testac^eous scales on inner quarter of wing,
IJiding away on tlic eosta. A circular, black, discal dot faintly centered with
whitish. An outer oblique, slightly sinuate, yellow testaceous line, fainter on
inner edge and eosta of wing, lined externally with l)r()wn scales: a margin.'d
row of t riangular, iutervenous, Ijlack dots. Hind wings eoncolorous with
the antrrior pair; a single straight brown line going from the outer third of
the inner edge and disappearing in the middle of the wing. A faint discal
dot. Beneath, uniformly speckled with gray and white scales; eosta a little
clearer; the diftuse discal spot indistinct. No bands or spots. Veins testa-
ceous and distinct beneath.

I refer, with slight hesitation, a temale specimen to this species from
Mr. Behrens, which has the two bands on tiie fore wings a little fiirther apart,
and the discal sjiot twice as large. These may be sexual differences The
hind wings have a dilfuse discal spot, and a single, difl\ise, slightly sinuous
line beyond the middle of the wing, not reaching the eosta. It does not
re-appear benealh. though the discal dot is large and distinct.

Length of body, ()4f); t()re wing, J, ().5G, 9,0.58; expanse of wings,
1.20 inches.

California (Edwards); Sanzalito, Cal. (Behrens).

Di'sidenifa.

Tcpln'ina haliataGucu., Phal, ii, 97. — "28'"". Coupe des suivantes. Ailes
d'un cendre plus ou moins jaunatre, fortement strides de gris-foncd, avec des
traits terminaux arretes. Superieures ayaut trois taches costales noires, virgu-
laires, donnant naissance a des ombres traiisverses, grises, paralleles, obliques,
dont la deruiere est marquee snperieurement d'un point et d'une liture noirs,
qui se lient avec laderniere tache costale. Un trait cellulaire qui se lie avec
celle du milieu Ailes inferieures avec un simple point cellulaire gris. Au-
tcnnes monilifornies, pubescentes.

" Californie. iJeux S, envoye's par M. Lor(juin.''

TcplirUia mmcariata Guen , Phal, ii, 98. — " oO"™. Coupe iViinicalcararia.
Ailes d'lui gris testace clair, fiuement strie dc noir. Les superieures avec
deux lignes ecartees, un jxmi plus foncees, dont la scconde (coude'e) Idgfere-
mcnt llexueuse et marquee sur la 2 d'un a quatre petits groupes d'atomes

275

iioiics, siir uiic rclaircic liiiiiiiliiiliuah; legt-reiueiit jauiialir. Uii Irait ccllii-
laire obloiiii, mm aniielc' cf paribLs suivi d'uuc oinhrr iiu'diaiie arqiic'c ct na-
rallMc n la promiiic ligiir. Ailes infcrieures avoc uu iioiut ot los traces (riiiu;
lignc siiiiuV, plus Ibiices. Anteiiiics inoiiiliConiies, piil)Oscentcs — 9 seiublaljle.
"Calilbrnic. Un c^. uiie 9."

Tephrina gnophosaria (Uicri., I'lial, ii. 99. — "2")""". Ailes coiicolores,
(Vuii gris-cciidn' rorfcincut aspcrm' dc noiratrc, (pii sVpaissit ct sc tciiit do
jauiiatrc a rciidioit dc liiiiics ordinaircs, avcc unc seiic Ac traits iioirs tcr-
miiiaiix ct iinc petite taclie cellulaire qui, aux superieuics, est evidec; ct sur-
moiitce (rune lit lire eostale. Jiderieurcs uu peu festounecs, avee la I'rauire
legcrcnieut cut reeouitee. Dessous tbrtcment saupnudrc- ct tcintcdc noiratrc
an hord terniiual. P^ruiit et pal[)es coiicolores.

"New Yorck. Uiie 9. Coll. (iii. Celte petite; e.spcce, (pi'on [)rciidrait
au premier abord pour line Gnophof, se rapproclio un peu dc la varictc .sans
I)andes de rippertaria!'

Tepluinu moiiicariu Guen., l^lial., ii, 100. — ■'Taille et coupe dc la sui-
vante. Ailes superieures ^\\n\ gris-cariic clair, tiuement .strie de noir, avec
un ])oiiit cellulaire et la trace des deux lignes ordinaires disposees coiiime
cliez unicalcnjaria, mais punctitbrmes, la sccoude ayant chacmi des points
Icgerenieiit eclairc de blanc en arriere. Espace terminal coucolore, mais
borde (rune serie de jietits points noir. Ailes interieiires plus claires dans
toutc leur premiere moitie, avec les mcmes points terminaux, un tres-pctit
point cellulaire et deux vestiges d'ombres vers le lx)rd abdominal. Dessous
tres-claire, avec les points cellulaire et terminaux pour tout dessin. Eperons
de la seconde paire egaux. Antciiiies a lames minces ct coucliees.

"Calitbrnie. Un S , envoi de M. Lorqiiin."

Tephrina unkalcararia Giien , Plial., ii, 100. — '"ol""'. Ailes superieures
aigues, mais non falquees a I'apex, a l)ord terminal tre.s-peu convexe, tl'iin gris
un peu carne', fortement mais tiuement strie de noir, avec les deux lignes ordi-
naires tres-dcartees, iiial ecritcs el en liirme d'ombres; la seconde coinmencaiit
a. la cote, non loin de ra[)ex. mais rentrant au milieu, eclairee antericurement de
jaune-rougeatre foiidu. Tout I'espace derriere elle (run gris-violet plu.s (once.
Un point cellulaire noir. Ailes inlerieures arrondics, beaucoup plus claires,
sans atoms et n'ayant [loiir tout dessin de part et d'aiitn^ qu'un petit point
cellulaire noir. Dessous des sinx'rieures dans le uu^me cas. Autennes a

27C.

liiiiu's longues et couclities. Tibias post^rieurs u'ayant qa'nii seul ^peron h
la place de la seconde paire.

"Californie. Un (?, envoyti par M. Lorquin."

Tephrhm sdhularia Gaen., Phal , ii, 105. — "27""". Ailcs d'lin gris-testacd
clair, tineineiit salile de brun, avec line serie de petits points noirs terminaux
et une ligne commune, finement et rdguliferement ondul(je, derrifere laquelle
est une serie de points places sur les nervures: ces points plus distincts sur
las superieures, ou la ligne Test moins Un petit point cellulaire aux quatre
ailes. Inferieures sans echancrure ni sinus. Dessous concolore, avec une
bande eteinte. Tete d'un jaune de miel, y compris la pifece qui pr^cMe le
collier. Palpes longs, incombants, aigus.

"Amerique du Nord. Une?. Coll. Guen."

I do not feel sure that all the preceding species belong to Phasiane, but
place them here provisionally.

Tcphrlna cxprrssaria Walk., List Lep Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, lfi57,
1862. — '^Mak. Cinereous. Heail with a narrow blackish band in front.
Palpi short, broad, Idackish on the outer side; third joint very minute. An-
tennge broadly pectinated, except towards the tips. Hind tibiae incrassated;
spurs very short. Wings "thinly and minutely brownish-speckled; interior,
middle, and exterior lines blackish, undulating, hardly dentate, retracted, and
dilated towards the costaof the fore wings; submarginal line whitish, zigzag;
marginal points l)lack; discal ringlet elongated, ijrown-bordered ; underside
witli a brown discal streak and a brown submarginal Inuid, which is obsolete
in the hind wings. Fore wings somewhat rounded at the tips; exterior bor-
der slightly convex, very oblique. Length of the body, 5 lines; of the wings,
14 lines, a. Nova Scotia." From Lieut. Redman's collection.

Teiyhriva? pervchita Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, 1760, 1862.—
''Male. Dark ferruginous-cinereous. Head dark brown. Palpi porrect, short, Xj \
broad, connected; third joint extremely short. Antennae moderately pecti- \ \
iiated, rather short. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings;
apical tuft quadrate. Legs rather short; hind tibiae with moderately long
spurs. Wings rather narrow, thinly and minutely black-speckled; exterior
line brown, slightly denticulate and undulating, very indistinct in the fore

277

wings: marginal space a little darker; Cringe; long, lull. Fore wings slightly
rounded at tlie tips; disral dot black, formed of elevated scales; exterior
border slightly convex, ratlier oblique. Lenglli of tlie l)od\-, (i lines; of the
wings, 16 lines, a. Georgia."

P8AI\IiMA'rODES Guenee. Plate 3. tig. 4.

EuloUa (in part) Ivederer, Verb. Zool. Bot. Vereiiis. Wien, :i7, ItT).').
I'sammatodcs Gufii., Pbnl., ii, 107, lHo7.

Male antenna> simi)le, densely ciliated ; in the female simple. Head and
palpi much as m Phasiane ; palpi short and stout, as in Fkanane, hut still
shorter, the second joint being broad at ti|), and third joint small, short, and
depressed. Fore wings mucli as in P/ias/ane, but tht> costa is not (piite so
straight; the apex is more rounded, less produced, and the outer edge is more
convex. The hind wings are much as in Phasiane, being somewhat square,
a little angulated at the apex and again on the tirst median venule. The
venation differs from that of Phasiane in the subcostal cell being longer, in
the costal vein nearly touching but not uniting with the subcostal. The two
subcostal venules arise as in Phasiane, but are shorter and directed at a greater
angle to the costa; the lower discal venule is more oblique and curved than
in Phasiane, and the disposition of the two discal veins is more like Semi-
othisa than Phasiane. The form of the abdomen, which is broad at the tip,
is as in Phasiane (male legs wanting, but Guene'e states that the hind legs
are not swollen). Female legs as in Phasiane.

The above description apphes to our single species, which belongs to
Guende's second section of the genus. This genus was founded by him on
six species: one from Hayti, one from Catalonia, two from Syria, and one
from Brazil, besides P. eremiata. Gnene'e remarks that the male antennae
are almost always furnished with long branches, while the legs are not
swollen.

It is very near Phasiane, and is distinguished from it by the less i)ro-
duced fore wings, the rather squarer hind wings, and the venation. The
markings are much as in Phasiane, it having three jKirallel lines, the outer a
little sinuous ; but it differs in having two well-marked parallel lines on the
hind wings. The larva is unknown.

278

PsAMMATODES EKEMIATA (illClH'c. Pliltc 9, fli;-. 7o.

I'iammato'ths (Tcmiiil<i (liicii.. I'lial., ii, IIIH, lsr>7.

Walk., Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 071, 18(51.

• 3 <? and 2 9. — Male antennne ciliated ; teinale simple. Body and wings
unifonnly soft granite-gray, with a slight pearl-colored tinge. The fore wings
have three parallel brown lines, the basal angled in the discal space ; the
middle line is a little nearer to the basal than the outer line, wliich is slightly
sinuous. A row of minute,. dark, marginal spots. Fringe on both wings
concoloious with the wings. Hind wings exactly ccrneolorous with the
anterior pair; the inner line runs very near a faint discal dot ; the extradiscal
line is bent slightly in the middle. Beneath, the wing is pearly-gray, mottled
with small white spots, and tlie fringe is paler than above, finely checkered
with darkci-. Faint discal dots present on both wings, and an outer faint line,
broader than above, common to l)()th wings.

Length of body, S, 0.42, 9, 0.40; of fore wings, c^ , 0.46, 9, 0.48 ; ex-
panse of vs'ings, 0.90-0.92 inch.

Natick, Mass., May 14 and August 2 (Stratton) ; Center, near Alliany,
N. Y., August .5 and 6 (Lintner) ; Ohio, 111. (Morrison).

This moth is not nucommon, and is evidently double-brooded. It may
l)e recognized by its close resemblance to some species of Phasiane, from all
of wliich it differs in the two l)rown lines on the hind wings. It differs in
the same respect from any species of Semiothisa. From S. ocelUnatn and
S. S-signata, allied forms, it differs in the more obtuse fore wings, the slightly
more curved costa, and the style of markings.

I am indebted to Mr. Morrison for the identification of this species.

8EMIOTH1SA liUbner. Plate 3, fig. 6, 6«.

Pharmm-is Hiibn. (in p.art), Verz., 298, 1818.
iSemhlhim Hiibn. (in part), Verz., 298, 1818.
" Entropa and Paraxcmia Hiibn., Zntrii};o."
Macaria Cnrtis, Brit. Ent., vi, 132, 182(i.
EntiomoH Treits. (in part), vi (i), 3, 1827.
Philobia Dup., Lep. France, viii (iv), 195, 1829.
Macaria Steph.. Noniencl. Br. Ins., 4.^, 1829.

Boisd., Gen. Ind., 186, 1840.

H.-Sch., Scbni. Enr., iii, .''jO, 1847.
Mucaria Stepb., Cat. Br. Lcp.. 227, 1850.

Guen., Pbal., ii, 00, 18:)7.

Walli., Li.st Lep. Het. Br. Mns., xxiii, 878, 1801.

Male antennse simple (except in 6'. didocaria., where they are well pecti-
nated), ciliated, rarely with rudimentary pectinations ; in female, simple.

Palpi shod, ohliise, not iinijcciiiii!: Hir lif'y I tlic lioiil : second join! w idc tiiiii-

caicd at 1 lie cud. flic scales partially concealing t he siiiall, short, (lc|ircsscd I liii-d
joint; a short frontal tnit hetwcen the palpi. I-'orc uings distinctlv lidcatc;
the costa straiirlitcr than in Thdninonnunt : tin; apex nuirc or less falcate, with
nsnallv a well-nKirked excavation lielow the ajjcx. llind wings cither dis-
tincth bent on the tirst median vennle. or with a salient angle. The costal
region is very narrow, ninch more so than in 'riKiniiiouoina^ and the sulicostal
venules are usually slKU'ter, otherwise the venation is of the same pattern as
in Tliumnonoma. in N. occl/indfn and caUfornidfa, the aret)lo is open exter-
nally. The hind wings are well rounded at the apex, very angular on the
tirst median vennle, or the angle (as in (iccUinala) is obtuse aiul much less
distinct; scalloped, usually distinctly, on I he outer edge ; the inuer angle is
well marked and jiarallel with the end of the abdomen, which lattcn- is long
and slender, though nuicdi less so than in Thamnonoma. Hind tibiir. .scarcely
swollen, not much longer than the tarsi, or, as in S. oreKiimta, they are large
and much swollen, ami twice as long as the tarsi, '{'he species usually with
three lines on the fore wings, and a l()urth oblong, large, conspicuous spot,
with a dark liiu' on the curve under the apex.

This well-marked and wide-spread genus is usually recognized by the
falcate fore wing.s, the distinct excavation below the apex, and the angular hind
wings. From Thamnonoma it is (li.stingnished by the shorter pal'])i and nar
rower costal region and simple antenuce. The lower series of species merge
into Phasiane, the head becoming larger, the l)ody much stouter, and the wings
less falcate and angular, as in S. oceJUnata^ californiata^ and s-f.ignafa.

The genus may, for convenience, be divided into three sections: A, those
with the fore wings scarcely falcate, and the hind wings but slightly angular;
B, those with slightly tidcate wings and ani,nilar hind w iugs : ami ( ", those with
decidedly falcate wings and the angle in the hind wings very ])rominent. The
species are ochreous or granite-gray, usually with a costo-apical conspicuous
brown spot.

Larva. — Caterpillar quite short, without lubcrcles, not alteniiati-d, marked
with longitudinal lines, living exposed on trees and bushes. Chrysalids in
cocoons at the surface of the earth (Gu(mee).

The genus Se??iiothha was so well limited by Hiibner in 1818 (only one
of the seven species enumerated by him l>elonging to another genus) that I
see no good reason why it should not Ix; retained instead of Macaria.

280
Si/nopsis of t/ie Sjfecies.

A. Fore wings entire ; hind wings not angulated :

Outer line deeply sinuous, waved. Insect tinged with ochreous -S. s-signata. \

Outer line straight; three costal spots, succeeded hy three rows of vennlar spots;

pale gray S. cali/orniata. v

Like califormata, but the antenna? pectinated ; a broken patch in the middle of the

wing ; hind wings with a dark line - 5. dulocaria.

B. Fore wings slightly falcate ; liiiul wings slightly bent :

Discal dot forming a ringlet; lines replaced by vennlar black dots. Pale gray. ..S. occllinala.

Like preceding, but subochreous, and head and prothorax reddish-ochreous S. punctolineata.

Granite-gray ; coarsely speckled ; large brown costal spots, and a mesial brown

patch nnder the large costo-apical patch S. granitahi.

C. Fore wings decidedly falcate ; hind wings with a prominent angle :

Fore wings with seven lines ; hind wings with four. Pale gray *'. mvltiliiieala.

Whitish, tinged with ochreous ; an extreme median, eye-like, large, deep-ochreous

patch under the brown costo-apical patch S. enotata.

Same color as preceding, but with no eye-like patch, and three slight lines on fore

w ings S. galbincala.

Half as large as preceding, with three lines on hind wings ; very pale beneath S. mUiorata.

Twice as large as minora/a, with border of both wings dark lilac-gray; abroad,

common, ochreous band beneath S, prwatomala.

Dark lilac-gray, with the lines blackish, and with a subniarginal, chocolate, com-
mon, brown hand S. distribuaria.

Semiothisa s-sionata Packard. Plate 10, fig. 9.

Macaria s-signala Pack., Fifth Rep. Pe.'ib. Acad. Sc, 63, 1873.

6 i and 4 9 . — The outer edge of the fore wings is not excavated, and hind
wings not angulated ; it differs from all the other species known to me by
the distinct, dark, clear sigmoid line crossing the outer third of both pairs of
wings. Body and wings tawny-ash, head a little darker than the body; front
of head, palpi, and antennae tawny-yellow. Fore wings densely speckled
with brown, with four prominent brown spots on eosta ; the two inner being
the termini of an indistinct row of venular dark dots, the .second including
the discal dot. The third line represented by a distinct s-shaped wavy black
line, sometimes, but not visually, reaching the costal dot. Beyond is a broad
dark shade running across the wing. Half-way between the sinuate line and
the edge of the wing is a white interrupted line. The usual black points on
the edge of the wing. Hind wings (usually) with a single sinuate distinct
brown line crossing the wing; beyond, a broad brown shade, succeeded by
an irregular whitish line often obsolete. Beneath with an ochreous tinge;
densely speckled ; the line faintly reproduced. Subniarginal broad band dis-
tinct ; discal dot (in hind wing large ; on fore wing it is indistinct.

•2HI

Length ol' liodv, c^', 0.43, 9, 0.50; ol' I'orc wings, J, 0.45, 9, 0.55;
expanse of wings, 1.1 0 inches.

Texas, August 1 to Srptemher 30 (Helfrage) ; Dallas, IV-x., July (Boll,
Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc).

Dithers from any otiier species known to nie by llie conspi(-uous s-shapcd
line in outer third of lix-e wing.

JSemiothisa calu-okni.vta Packard. I'iate 10, fig. 10.

Macaria californiaria Pack., Proc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, 392. 1871 ; xvi, 27, 1674.
Macaria pallidata Pack., Fifth Rep. Poab. Acad. Sc, 61, lS7;i.

8 (? and 8 9. — Pale whitish-gray. Orbits and palpi ling(;d with ochre-
ous. Fore wings with four costal spots, from wiiich more or less obsolete
lines run in a taint series of dots across the wing ; second spot the broadest,
the discal dot torming a part of the line ; third spot forming with a part of the
line proceeding from it a large irregular s, extending to the middle of tlie
wing, tiio line continuing l)eyond in an interrupted scries of fine dots, and
with a supplementary spot at the end of the s. Half-way between the s and
the apex is a fourth small costal dot. Hind wings with an obscure discal
spot, and a snbniarginal transverse shade; the wing is faintly mottled with
smoky dots. Beneath, both wings with fine transverse subochreous spots; the
lines appear beneath of a smoky oclireous, the third line being less sigmoid
than above, as it is curved outward to the angle, and then goes oblicpiely and
in a straight course to outer third of inner side. Discal dots distinct, as
above. Hind wings with a distinct outer subochreous broad band near the
edge of the wing. A row of dark dots along edge of both wings.

Length of body, <?, 0.32, 9, 0.40; of fore wings, c?, 0.55, 9, 0.4.S ;
expanse of wings, 1.00-1.10 inches.

Goose Lake, Siskiyou County, Cal. (J. Hollenian); Sanzalilo, Clal., Sep-
tember 14 (Behrens) ; California (Edwards); Dallas, Tex, July (Boll);
Texas, April, May, September (Belfrage); Lawrence, Ivans. (Snow); (ilcncoe,
Nebr. (G. M. Dodge).

It may be known l)y the s-like third costal spot, tlu^ more yellowish tint
ot the under side of the wings, and by the presence of an outer shade on the
hind wings. The sigmoid spot is much like the bent spot in the middle of the
wing in Thamnonoma wavaria. It is a common moth west of the Mississippi,
extending from Kansas to Texas, and common on the Pacific coast. It varies
a good (leal within these limits. In a Nebraska specimen, llu! cxtradiscal

282

line of (lots is very distinct, and contiuurd on to tlic liind wings. Certain
specimens have a pale hue, with a slight yellowisli tinge, and were originally
described as a distinct species nnder the name paJlldnta. I append the
original description :

3 i and -1 9. — A pale cinereous species, with the outer edge of fore
wings straight, not excavated, the hind wings rounded, not angulated. Head
and palpi pale, concolorous with the body. Fore wings crossed by three rows
of venular dark dots, ending in three costal larger spots, the outer row angu-
lated just l)elow tlie costa ; tlu> fourth spot beyond (usually present) wanting.
A faint ditl'use brownish shade beyond the outer row of dots (often wanting).
Both wings speckled slightly witli brown. Discal dots on both wings brown.
Till" usual marginal row of dots. Fringe concolorous with the wings. A
flint dusky dilfuse band near the edge of hind wings. Beneath, the wings
are heavily speckled with pale l)rown ; costa and veins ochreous ; discal dots
larger and distiucter than aixive ; the outer line usually reproduced and double.
A snbniarginal broad diffuse shade often present on hind wings.

Length of body, i, 0.41, 9, 0.40; of fore wings, <? , 0.47, 9, 0.50 inch.

Texas, April P.O to May 23, September 15 (Belfrage).

Four i)f these specimens are whitish, a single female much darker, and
with the sulinun-ginal l)and present on hind wings.

Semiotuisa DiSLdC.VRiA, siK nov. Plate 13, fig. 48.
This species is very similar to S. c<iiif<i/)iiaf(i, but differs in its larger
size, the pectinated antenna;, and in other respects. It is of the same color
above and beneath, lieing slate-gray, with the veins quite prominent. The
antenna' are well pectinated; three heavier dark-brown costal spots than in
S. califoniiata. The third spot is a little larger than the others, and nearly
touches a large, dark, conspicuous patch, broken up into I'onr spots, situated
just l)eyond the origin of the median venules. A pale sinuous line nnis
from this patcli to the iuiu-r edge of the wing; traces ol' similar lines run
across the wing ironi the two inner costal spots. The liind wings differ ti-om
those of ^'. cr(///or«/«/« in having a straight, dark, well- nuirked extradiscal line.
Beneath, gray, mottled with whitish spots, much as in *S'. atliforniata, with
traces of a diffuse pale line, common to both wings.

Length of body, S , ()l\i); of fore wing, i , 0.60; expanse of wings, 1.20
inches.

Waco, Tex., March K; (Belfrage; i\Ius. Peab. Acad. Se. ; Coll. Meske).

28B

Skmiotiiisa ocklmnata Packiird. I'ImIc 10. Ilij. 11.

3/<nni'm ocdlinata Giieii.!!!, Pbal. ii, 8r>, 18r>7.

Walk., I.i.st I,ep. Hot. Br. Mils, xxiii, ff:\, 1H(!1.
Macnriit diiiiUcala rack., Kil'tli IJcii. Peab. Acad, Sci., 05, 187:5.

3 (? ;iii(l 3 9. — This species jipinoiuhes the lyjiicjil species (if tlic
genus ill ha\iiiif llu^ fore wiiiirs faintly excavated helow the apex, and the
hind wings di,stin(ily an^nhiled. In its niarkini.'s and in the head hein<r cim-
colorou.s with t lie body, it apinoaches the S. calijo) nia/d. I'ale ash iin the
bod}^ and wiuiifs, the latter more or less dnsled with darker scales. Fore
wings crossed l)y three iiroad dusky hands, inclosinir dark venidar dots, those
in the outer hand being conspicuous: this outer hand is nsnall}' (not always)
doubled, the inner ending on the thiid costal spot, the outer more dill'uso
and endiuii: in a loiirth broader costal spot (this spot is sometiuH's larire and
ditrusc, sometimes smaller than the thii'd and (piite distinct). '^FIk' inaririnal
row of dots is less interrupted than usual, foiiniuir an almost continiKuis line.
Hind win^s nnirked as the anterior ])aii\ with two bi-oad i)an(ls, inclosing a
row of black spots, the outer iiand being doid)led. Beneath, whitisli-a.sh,
with thick i)rown specks, an oval large discal (h)t on primaries centered with
white, an inner line and an outer double line on both wings; the outer por-
tion of the d(nible brown line lieing wavy and three times as wide as the
inner, both wings marked the same, except that the discal dot on hind wings
is small and inconspicuous (in one specimen larger and more distinct).

Length of body, J, (>.4-J-0,r)0, 9, 0.50; of fore wing, S. 0 50, 9, 0.50;
expanse of wings, 1.05 inches.

London, Canada (Saunders); Maine (Packard); ]\Iassachusett.s (Sanborn);
Cambridge, Mass., Septenil)er 7 (Harris Coll.): West Farms, X. Y. (Angus);
Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef); New Jersey (Sachs); St. r.onis, ]\[o., February 6
(Riley); Alabama (Grote);- Illinois (Cl(Mnens); Lawrence, Kansas (Snow);
Glencoe, Nebr. (G. ^I. Dodge).

This not uncommon species diU'ers from all the other fmins by its pale
whitish-ash color, the head being scarcely darker than the body, by the lore
wings being almost straight below the apex, while the hind wings are very
slightly angulated, and by tlu' ontm- double line, so dark and conspicuous on
the under side of th(> win<rs, and also l)y the large oval discal ringlet. Tiie
single Alabama male is rather smaller than any of my other specimens, with
all the markings very di.stiuet.

284

In the Nfl)niska specimens (iind one Illinois specimen from Mr. Morrison),
the irroiind-color is white aiid.thc liroad shade on the hind wings is wanting,
and the markings consequently more distinct than in eastern ones, while the
costal spots are larger, particularly the costo-apical one ; and they are in some
cases larger, the li)rc wing measuring O.BO inch. By some, these specimens
might be regarded as specifically distinct. I examined M. Guendc's type in
his collection. The larva feeds in Kansas on L'ohrma pseuducacia (W. Os-
hurn Jklc Professor Snow.)

Acidalia restorata AValk., J.ist Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxii, 726, 1861, from
St. Domingo, is, without much doul)!, judging from a colored drawing of his
type, S. ocelUnata, or a representative species.

Semiothlsa punctolinkata Packard. Plate 10, fig. 12.

Mucariii piiiicMiiimla Pacli., Fifth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc, 64, 1S7:!.

1 9. — This species, in its tawny-ash color, the shape of the wings, and
the color of the under side, is nearer to <S'. ocelllnata than any other species.
It diifers in the hind wings being a little angular, while the outer sinuate line
is represented by a row of black dots. Body and wings tawny-ash; head,
palpi, and antenna3 tawny-yellow; three obscure dusky tawny bands cross the
fore wings, inclosing a row of black dots, those in the outer line being most
marked; several black costo-apical spots, and below, in the middle of the
wing, a conspicuous oblong black patch (not represented in tlie figure) ; the
marginal row of black dots as usual; the same marking on hind wing.s, the
outer dusky band a little wider than on fore wings. Beneath as above, but
with a decided ochreous tinge; a common innin- and outer band, the inner
ochreous, the outer blackish-l)rt)wn, consisting of two broad obscurely-scal-
loped lines, the wing beyond washed with dull deep ochreous. Discal dots
more distinct than above; those on fore wings brown-ochreous, on hind wings
clearer blackish.

Length of body, ().4U; of fore wing, 0.52; expanse of wings, 1.05 inches.
Texas, September 23 (Belfrage) ; Dallas, Texas (Boll).
Easily recognized liy the I'ore wings not being excavated, ])y the tawny
color, the three rows of black dots on primaries, the blackish costo-apical
patch and median patch below, and by the unusually dark, distinct, broad
outer l)and on tlu' under sid(^ of tlie wings. It diiiers from 8. occllivata,
wliicii it very closely reseml)les, in th(' ni(nr produced wings, the yellow hues,
and hirijer size.

Semiothisa GRANiTATA Patknnl. IMate lU, fig. 13.

Macaria granilata Gnen., Phal., ii, 85, 1857.

Tcphrosia (li.iptwcUi Walk.!!!, List Lip. Hit. l!r. Mus., xxi, 405, 18()0.
Macaria ? subapiciaria Walk.!!!, /irfc Gioti-, Can. Nat. vi, 40, lt?01.
Macaria yianitata Walk. !!!, List Li'p. llct. Ur. Mus., xxiil, 883, 18GL
halialci Walk. ! !!, List Lep. llet. Br. Mus., xxiii, 88,'i, 18t)l.
f siibmaniioratn Walk.!!!, List Lep. Met. Br. Mus., xxiii, 887, 18iU.
f Macaria exannjncala Walk., List Lep. Hot. Rr. Mus., xxiii, 889, 1801.
Macaria irreguUita Walk.!!!, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 890, 18(51.
frefiisaria Walk.!!!, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 891, 1801.
Larentia f exnotata Walk.!!!, I-ist Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiv, 1180, 180'J.
AcidaUa ffmiiiotaia Walk.!!, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxvi, 1595, 1802.
Macaria rethiolala Walk.!!!, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxvi, 1802.

qiiadriKlgiuila Walk. !! !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxxv, Suppl., part v, 1605, 18C6.
sex-maculata I'ack., Proc. Best. Soc. Nat. Hist., xi, 44, 1807.
t Macaria niiccosata Zeller!! !, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wien, xxii, 485, 1872.
Macaria unimodaria Mi>rrison !!!, I'roc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, 190, 1874.

8 (? and 8 9. — Antennee serrated, ciliatetl, the hairs radiating so that
the ends of each brush touch and t'onii a connected line; lore wings but
slightly falcate, being l)ut slightly, almost imperceptibly, excavated below the
apex; hind wings angular, but the angle small, though acute; antennas, head,
and prothorax chocolate-brown; orliits and anterior edg^ of front and end of
second joint of palpi whitish ; body and wings granite-gray ; fore wings
densely speckled with three well-marked deep chocolate-brown lines, slightly
discontinuous between the veins, and sometimes rather diffuse, ending on the
costa in conspicuous triangular spots ; inner line regularly curved, middle nearly
straight, outer sinuate and enlarged in middle, touching a large dark-brown
patch broken up by the veins, somewhat as in S. enotata. Above this is the
usual broad costo-apical patch, sometimes irregularly oblong, or Ijroad and
rounded ; from the outer side of this spot arises the sui)marginal zigzag white
line, which differs in distinctness with the degree of cloudiness of the wing;
hind wings usually thickly speckled with a large distinct discal dot and a
broad subinarginal smoky band (sometimes the wing is simply uniformly
speckled, with no discal spot or ])aiid) ; on both wings, a marginal row of
black dots, while the fringe is whitish, checkered with blackish. Beneath,
whiter than above, mottled with speckles, often forming quite large spots;
veins and costa washed with ochreous, four large diffuse discal dots; a com-
mon broad ochreous or pale-chocolate ])and, the outer edge irregular, and
when the band is quite perfect more or less serrate ; sometimes the band is
only distinctly marked on the costa, and is represented on the t'ore wings by
a similar linear line; legs concolorous with the under side of the wings; hind
tibiae long and much thickened and flattened, and tarsi short; abdomen with
two dorsal rows of fine black dots.

28r;

Lenoth of body, S, 0.48-0.G() ; 9, 0.40; of fore wing, S, 0.5o-0.G4:
9, 0.52-0.60; expanse of wings, 1.10-1.20 inches.

London, Ganiula (Saunders); Montreal, Canada (Canltield and Lyman);
Brnnswick, Me., freqnent, June 6 to July 10 (Packard); M(nint Washington,
N. IL, July 8 (Sanborn); Dublin, N. H. (Leonard. Harris Coll.); Essex
Countv, Vt., July 2S (Cassino) ; l^ostou (Sanborn and Minot, Harris Coll.);
Amherst, Mass. (Goodellj : Nati(d<, Mass. (Stratton) : Brookline, Mass., June,
July 5 (ShurtlelD ; Carver, Mass, July 21 (Shurtlefl') : West Farms, N. Y.
(Angus); Albany, May 24 to July 17 (Meskc); New Jersey (Sachs); Phila-
delphia, Pa. (Am. Ent. Soc. Grote) ; Florida (Chapman, Coll. B. S. N. H.) ;
Colorado (Mead) ; Victoria, Vancouver Island (Crotch).

Though this is an exceedingly variable species, yet all the specimens
agree in the grauite-gray, thickly-mottled wings, with the three subparallel
lines ending triangularly on the cost:i, and the large subdivided l)rown patch
in the middle near the outer edge of the fore wing; the broad ochreous or
smoky band common to both wings beneath is usually present. It varies
much in the distance between the lines. In one example from Pennsylvania,
the two inner lines are very contiguous, and both very sinuous; in an exam-
jile from London, Canada, received from Mr. Saunders, the ground-color is
whiter than usual, and the lines and spots very heavy, and the second line
runs on to the hind wings. It also varies in the cloudiness of the wings:
some are whitish, with fine speckles and no lines on hind w ings; others more
typical are granite-gray from being so coarsely and densely speckled, with a
prominent discal dot and a broad submarginal shade. When much rubbed,
the costo-apical and median spots remain to indicate the species. The Flor-
idaii form does not differ from the others, except that the lines are lather
heavier, and there are indications of two lines on the hind wings, on the upper
side, near the inner edge. One individual was collected in Colorado by Mr.
Mead. It is rather larger tlian specimens from Victoria, Vancouver Island,
collected by Mr. G. R. Crotch, and is much darker, hciug ihwch as in eastern
specimens. The lines on the fore wings are rather Inroad, and the dark
broken spot in the middle of the wing, near the outer edge, is obscure and
imited tt) form a liiint patch; th(> liind wings are without any submarginal
shade, as in .some eastern examples.

I am disposed to regard my Jf. sex-macula fa, from Caribou Island,
Laljradcjr, Straits of Belle Isle, as a variety of this species. It is very closeh*

2S

rsi

allied to il. ll is rather siiiallcr tiiaii usual; the i'oic uini:s tiulcd willi au
obscure olive-tjTav. while the hind wings are unili>rinly ochrenus-hrow n, not
mottled with wiiitish as usual: the costal spots on the fore winirs are rather
large; it (diielly diilers, however, in having a large hrown spot in the course
ol the median line next to the usual large l)ro\\ u spot, the two ri)riiiinir twin
spots; i)eiieath, it does not diU'er I'rom other e\am|)les iVoni ]\laine. The
specimens tVom Norway, Me., closely res(Mnlde the l^ahrador form in having
the inner spot much enlarged, though otherwise oj' the fvpical nuxle ol'
coloration.

Two males and two teniales, from N'ancouver Island, <-ollecte(l foi- tiie
i\Iuseum of Comparative Zoillogy by IMr. G. R. Crotch, are rather larger than
the average of our eastern specimens, with longer winirs, l)ut llie\ do not
materially ditfer: one specinnui scarcely differs from an individual fnun N'ew
York. They are, however, rather whiter than usual, with the suhmaririiud
i)and nearly ol)solet(^: all have the inner division of the median dark |)atch
on the fore wing broad, thu.s exactly resembling the New York e\ani|)le,
though not so well marked as in the Labrador specimens; Ixmeath, the
common, broad, submarginal liaiid is ochreous and nearly ob.'^olete.

It is interesting to notice how the species varies away from its apparent
geographical center, the Northeastern States. In Labrador, it grows much
smaller, is stunted and darker: while at Vancouver Island, about one hundred
and tifty miles farther south in latitude, it grows rather laruei- than in the
Eastern States, with the wings decidedly more elongated and paler. Hiis
species is very common in the New England States; it is closely allied to S.
signarid of Europ(\ Guenee's type of M. gr(iittf(it(( 1 did not see in his
collection, but his description applies well to this common species. Having
received, throuirh the kindness of Professoi- Zeller, a type-specimen of his
Macarin succosata, I find that it does not diifer from the usual form of what
I regard as granitatn.

Semiothisa multilineata Packard. Plate 10, fisi. 11.

ilacaria mHUl'.Unata Pack., I'iftli Reji. Peab. Acid. Sc-i., (!.'), H7J.

2 <f and 1 9. — This s|K'cies, in its narrow primaries and well-angled
secondaries, is allied to the more typical species ol the genus, but differs in
the antenna; being sui)pectinated. the Itranches being short slender tubercles
ending in a tutt of hairs. Body and wings whitish-ash; the head, palpi, and

288

antennte tawny-yellow. Pore wings (irossed by a greater munber of l)rowii
lines than usual; an inner very distinct line, sharply angled on the costa; a
median taint double line ending in a single darker brown costal spot; an
outer dark distinct oblique line, a little curved outward just below tlie costa,
and swelled out suddenly on tlie median vein; a fainter line on each side, and
externally a l)road pale-brown shade, becoming more distinct toward the costa;
still beyond, a whitish submarginal line, widening triangularly on the apex;
the marginal dark-brown line very distinct, scarcely interruj)ted. Hind wings
with a distinct black discal dot, a line within, and beyond a broad brown
shade, bounded on each side by a darker brown line; both wings densely
speckled. Beneath, marked much as above, the four Hnes quite distinct, the
third forming a Ijand composed of three parallel, brown, slightly wavy lines;
lour distinct brown lines on hind wings.

Length of body, S , 0.45, 9, 0.50; fore wings, c?, 0.60, 9, 0.55; expanse
of wings, 1.10 inches.

Massachusetts (Sanborn); Philadelphia, Pa. (Amer. Ent. Soc); New
Jersey (Sachs).

This pretty species ditlers from all the others in the distinct numerous
brown lines and tlie subpectinated antennae.

Semiothisa enotata Packard. Plate 10, fig. 15.

rhahriia iiolala Cramer, Pap. Esot., 371, G.

Macaria enotnia Gueu., Pbal., ii, 69, 1857.

Macaria wmulataiia Walk. ! ! !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 884, 1861.

Maearia enotata Walk. ! !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 899, 1861.

Macaria wmulalaria Zeller ! ! !, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. WIeu, xxii, 487, 1872.

Macaria scclomaculata Morrison!! !, Proe. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, 198, 1674.

5 <? and 4 9 . — Fore wings very falcate, excavated below the apex more
than usual, while the hind wings are slightly dentate and very much angu-
lated, as much so as in S. A-signata, the angle very acute. Antennae Hnttened,
serrate, ciliated. Head, prothorax, and palpi reddish-ochreous. Body and
wings whitish, with a faint ochreous tinge and minute strigEe. Fore wings
with three ochreous lines, varying in width, usually narrow ; inner line much
curved, middle sinuous, sometimes broad and diffuse, curved on the costa.
Outer line straight in its course, though wavering and bent on tlie costa,
where it is most distinct, and with distinct venular dots. A broad, oblong,
apico-costal, reddish-ochreous patch, as usual, varying much in width. The
distinguishing mark of the species is the large, brown, rounded spot divided
into five or six poitions, liy the median venules, of which the inner two or three

28i)

arc siliialcd in the oiiIlt (lliinl) lino. SniKipical liollow (li'c|); iViiit;!' clscu lien;
concolorous with llic; willies, in tlic excavation dusky, willi a (lt'Ci)-l)r()\vn line
at base. ITiiid wings concolorous with llic anterior pair, with two transverse
lines, th(! outer double and with brown vcniular dots; tlie lines vary much in
width and distinctness. A distinct discal dot; none on the fore wings. A
marginal liiu; oi' brown dots on both wings. IJcneath, palo ochreous-while,
with scattered dark specks. Two common lines, the inner distinctly waved,
the outer narrower, bent on the costa on the ton; wings, and opposite the
discal dot on the hind wings, and accompanied by a l)road, irregular, ochreou.s
shade, sometimes consisting ot" isolated patches ; fringe and marginal line as
on the upper side. The discal dots are large, dark, and very distinct. Legs
pale, spotted w-ith ochreous.

Length of body, <?, 0.40-46, 9, 0.40-0.45; of fon; wing, S, 0.47-0.(J0,
9, 0.52-0.60; e.xiumse of wings, 1.25 inches.

Saskatchewan River above the Rapids, Brit. Anier., July 20 (Scudder);
Brunswick, Me., frequent in the middle of June, in company with /S. hisignnfa;
Essex County, Vt., July 28 (Cassino); Boston, Mass. (Sanborn); Brookline,
Mass, June 26 (Shurtleff); Amherst, Mass. (Goodell) ; Natick, Mass. (Strat-
ton); Uedham, Mass. (F. W. Very); White Mountains, N. LL, August 20
(Shurtleff; Bost. Soc. JSfat. Hist); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus); Brewsters,
N. Y. (Grote); Brooklyn, N. Y. (Morrison); Oneida, N. Y. (Hawley); Now
Jersey (Sachs); Philadelphia, Pa. (Grote and Am. Ent. Soc); Kansas (T.
Glover, Department of Agriculture, Washington); Dallas, Tex., March and
April, July to October, in bottom-lands (Boll, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc); "New-
York, P^ast Florida" (Walker). For description of larva see Appendix.

This pretty species, with much of the form of jS. hisig7iatth may be dis-
tinguished from all our other t()rms I)y the large brown spots in tlic; middle
of the out(M- third of the wing, subdivided by tlii' pate venides into five or six
spots. It varies a good deal in its markings. The Texan example is l)rowner
than in northern exaniples. I was unable to distinguish the specimen I took
for comi)arison from M. Guenee's M. evotata from Northern Brazil, Amazon,
and Surinam, not finding any specific diiferences, and shall conclude, until
more material comes in from South America, that the present species is
among the few Lep/dopfe/a^wh'wh range from Brazil to Maine. This is also so
close to Walker's exam])le of S. enota'a from Santarem (Bates) (hat I should
not venture to separate if. It is very closely allied to the European Semiothisa
notata. I have cxaniined Mr. Morrison's type, and also Professor Zeller's.
37 r n

290 .

Semiothisa bisignata Packanl. Plate 10, iig. 16.

Mucana hisigiiala Walk.!!!, List Lep. H.t. 15r. Mus., Suppl. (v), xxxv, 1655, 1866.
Macaria galbinmta Zellcr, Verb. Bot. Zocl. Ges. Wicii, xsii, 484, 1^72.

10 3 and 10 9 . — Anteniiaj of male flattened, serrate, ciliated. Fore wings
as flilcate as in S. prceatomata; hind wings very much angulated, more so than
in 8. prceatomata, the angle being very marked. Head, antennaj, and palpi
bright reddish-ochreous. Body and wings whitisli-ochreous, gray, densely
speckled with brown, being much paler than usual. Fore wings crossed by
three brown lines, arising from moderately-sized costal spots. The inner line
much curved, somewhat angular below the costa, but not enlarged on the
costa. Second line arising from a rather large light-l)rown costal spot; it is
not curved and is rather diifuse. Outer line tremulous, curved outward between
the costa and median vein, darker on costa. A reddish-brown, oblong, broad
costo-apical spot nearly touches the line; this spot is continued across the
wing by a faint reddish shade, especially marked between the first and second
median venules. Below this spot, in the middle of the wing, the marginal
brown line, elsewhere interrupted, is continuous and well marked in the apical
sinus. No discal dot. Fringe pale and concolorous on both wings. Hind
wings with a broad doubled shade about midway between the faint discal dot
and the outer edge of the wing (sometimes wanting). Beneath-, whitish, with
a decided ochreous tint, speckled thickly with brown. An inner and outer
ochreous-brown line common to both wings; the outer line broad on the
costa, and on the hind wings accompanied by an outer shade. Discal dots on
both wings dark, distinct. Legs ochreous.

Length of body, i, 0.50, 9, 0.43; of fore wing, c? , 0.60, ?, 0.64;
expanse of wings, 1.20 inches.

Brunswick, Me., common from middle of June till middle of July, in
hard-wood forests; White Mountains, N. H., July and August 10 (ShurtleiF
and Sanborn); Essex County, Vt., July 28 (Cassino) ; Salem, Mass. (Packard);
Salem, Mass., June 8 (Cassino); Brookline, Mass., May 30 and June 26
(Shurtleff); Andover, Mass. (Sanborn); Amherst, Mass. (Goodell); Oneida,
N. Y. (Hawley); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus); Ithaca, N. Y. (Smith); Albany,
N. Y., June 25 (Meske).

This common northern ibrm differs from the other species by its very
angular hind wings, pale whitish-ochreous color, the three wavy Hnes on the
fore wings, arising from sliiilif costal enlargements ; Ity the large, oblong, costo-

201

apical, rcddisli-ln-dwii sliadc ; llir ;ni;riil;ii- liiiid w iiiirs, and the url|-iiiiiik''(l
l>r()ad yollowisli hand coiuiiiDn to hotli \vin;vs.

Professor Zcllrr's description is so lull that tliere is little diflicidty in
recognizing liis species, wliile Walker's was idcntilied liy a coni|)arison with
his type in the British Museum.

Semioi'HIsa minorata Packard. Plate 10, tig. 17.

Macaria minorata Pack., I'iflli Ucp. I'cal). Acad. Sv.'i.. (ili. 1S7:1.

3 <?• — Smaller tlian any species known tome; the fore wings slightly
excavated helow the apex ; hind wings angidated a little and slightly scal-
loped. Body and wings pale pearly-ash; head, i)r()thorax, palpi, and antcnnEe
tawny-red. Fore wings crossed by three distinct wavy brown lines, ending
in three well-marked, long, oblique costal spots, the lines being angulated out-
ward below the costa. A broad, sid)marginal, difluse, tawny rust-red shade,
most distinct on the costa. A distinct dark-brown n)arginal line. Hind wings
crossed by three distinct brown lines, of which the middle is the i)etlcr
marked, being much curved and wavy. Beneath paler, no rusty-tawny scales
on the fore wings, and only one well-marked line just l)efore the middle of tin;
wing. The three lines present on hind wings, and a faint discal dot.

Length of body, S, 0.37 ; of fore wing, <?, 0.42 ; expanse of wings, 0.80
inch.

Natick, Mass., June 16 (Stratton); Amherst, Ma.ss. (L. W. Goodell);
Aiidover, Mass. (Sanborn); Salem, Mass., June 17 (Cassino).

This is our smallest species, and somewhat resembles our common S.
hisignata Walk., having four costal spots, of which the fourth is large, rust-
tawny, while the body and wings are of much the same color. The hind
wings, however, are much less angular and the lines more distinct, while the
moth is very much smaller than usual.

Skmiothisa I'Ri'EATOMATA l*ackard. Plate 10, fiy. 18.

" Geometra pra'atumata Haw., Lep. Brit., 345, 1810."
Macaria praatomata Stepli., Nonienc. Br. Ins., 4.^, 1829.

Wood, Index Ent., 116, [il. 2(!, fig. 74(»(, H:ii».

Guen.!!!, Phal., ii, 70, 1857.

Walk., List Loj). Het. Br. Miis., xxiii, 8S2, 18()1.
Macaria consepla Walk. ! ! ! (fide Grote), List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxili, 941, 1861.
Macaria coiifimilata Zcller, Veib. Hot. Zool. Gea. Wicn, xxii, 48:{, 1872.

2 (?. — [Male antenna' broad, flattened, serrate, ciliated. Fore wings fal-
cate; apex acute, rather more so than usual. Hind wings acutely angulated.

292

Head, antennsc, i)alpi and prothorax deep rcddish-oflircoiis. Wings and rest
of body pale chocolate-brown. Fore wings pale gray on basal two-thirds,
w^ilh chocolate strigfe, beyond the third outer line uniformly chocolate. The
three lines parallel, equidistant, slightly tremulous, chocolate, marked on costa
with darker spots. The oblong, deep vehety-brown- costo-apical spot is long
and narrow, and has a faint, ferruginous, submarginal line leading front it to
the middle of the wing. A dark line edges the scallop below the apex.
Fringe slightly darker than the wing. Hind wings with the same markings
as anterior pair, outer half being chocolate-color, with two pale, chocolate,
wavy lines, midway between which is the distinct discal dot. Outer edge
bent at right angles in the middle, the angle larger than usual and acute.
Beneath, uniformly deep ochreous-yellow, speckled with brown on both wings,
with an inner, brown, common, sinuous line, more sinuous on hind than on
fore wings, and on the latter touching the large, distinct, lunate discal dot. A
^ parallel basal line on fore wings. An acute, broad, brown shade common to
both wings, consisting of a sinuous line, with a broad shade beyond, widening
toward the costa on both wings. Apical region clear yellow. Marginal black
dots distinct. Fringe on both wings brown, checkered with darker. Discal
dots on hind wings distinct. Legs yellowish, spotted with brown.

Length of body, <} , 0.46, 9, 0.40-0.50; of fore wing, J, 0.60, 9, 0.50-
0.63; expanse of wings, 1.20 inches.

Norway, Me. (S. L Smith, Mus. Comp. Zool.) ; Brunswick, Me. (Pack-
ard); Natick, Mass., July 21 (Stratton); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus); Phil-
adelphia, Pa. (Amer. Ent. Soc. and Grote).-

This fine species, supposed by Haworth to be indigenous to England, is
not very common. The acutely falcate fore wings and acutely-angled hind
wings, with the broad chocolate outer margin and bright-yellow under side,
separate it from any allied form.

I am indebted to Mr. Grote for the comparison of a specimen with
Walker's type of M. consepta in the British Museum. Walker gives no local-
ity for it. M. Guence's type 1 have examined.

The specimen from Norway, Me., is much smaller than usual, and in
coloration somewhat resembles ^'. mmorata. It differs from those above
described in having the third line on both wings unusually distinct, very wavy.
The reddish-chocolate band beyond is broader, more diffuse, and much less
distinctly marked on the cosfa. The edge of both wings is much paler.

2t);!

Beneath, the (•oiiiinoii. In-oad, irregular l)aii(l is oljsolcte, and there are two
well-marked, parallel, wavy, rather distant lines on the hind wings, but situated
much nearer the middhi of the wing.

JLarva. — "Caterpillar of a clear green, with the vascular, the sul)dorsal
and a deep-green thread under the stigmatal line. Head green, with two clear
spots. All the feet green. It lives on different species of Vaccinium." —
Guende.

Semiothlsa distribuaria Packard. Plate 10, fig. 19.

Eutropa distribuaria Hiibu., Zutrage Sainnil. Kxot. Scliui., M Iluud., 39, fig. 585, 58fi, 1825.
Maoaria distribuaria Gupii., Plial., ii, 76 ; il. oppoxilaria, pi. 4, lis. ''• 1^57.
Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mils., xxiii, 882, IHlil.

1 9 . — Fore wings falcate, though not (juite so distinct as in ti.praatumata;
the edges of both wings scalloped ; hind wings well angulated, but the angle
less produced than in /S. prceatomata. Body and wings, above and below,
dull chocolate-brown. Head, prothorax, antenna- and palpi ochreous. Fore
wings with three narrow, black, j)arallel, equidistant lines, without the usual
costal expansions ; the inner regularly curved, the ouier less so, ami bent out-
ward just below the costa, and again on the median venules. Beyond is a
clear fawn-colored, rather diffuse band, as broad as the abdomen. The usual
costo-apical oblong patch wanting. A marginal continuous black line. Fringe
on both wings concolorous with the wings. Hind wings marked as the ante-
rior pair, with but one dark line, the submarginal fawn-colored band presenlf,
and a faint discal dot. Beneath, chocolate, mottled with gray and black scales.
Discal dots black, distinct. The broad liiwn band common to both wings,
and nearly as distinct as above. MarginaPblack luiiulcs lar^e and di.stinct.
Fringe slightly darker than the wings. Legs concolorous with the l)ody.

Length of body, 9, 0.48; of fore wing, 9, O.GO ; expanse of wings,
1.27 inches.

Demopolis, Ala. (Groto); "Pennsylvania" (Hiibner).

This species may be known by its general resemblance to S.praatomata,
though the wings arc less falcate and the hind pair less angulated. It differs,
however, in wanting the usual costal spots, and may be distinguished from
any other species of its size by the broad, clear, fawn-colored band common
to the upper and under sides of botii wings. It agrees well with Hubner's
figures, in the outline of the wings especially: l)ut the under side of the
wings of my si)ecimens is much darker, willi no yellowish linl, l>ut ])ure

o

I

2i)4

cliocohilc mixed with gray and a few blaek scales. I think liis figures were
taken from a rubbed specimen. My single female, collected by Mr. Grote in
Alabama, is in a perfectly fresh state. Guen(^e also states that beneath the
fore win^s are very pale ochreous-gray. His drawing is less characteristic
than Hiibner's, especially as regards the outlines of the wings; but still,
knowing how much rubbed specimens of this genus differ from those quite
fresh, I should hesitate long before regarding my specimen as distinct from
Hiibner's species. My S. minorala is closely allied to this species in the cut
of the wings and style of marking, but differs in its whitish-ochraceous
under side and in wanting the broad fawn-colored band on the hind wings,
and in other respects, besides its diminutive size.

Desiderata.

Geometra blcolorata Fabr., Supp., 149, 150 {Macaria bicolorata Guen.).
Virginia. Guenee remarks: "Bien que je n'aie pas vu cette Gtiometre, et
que je regarde comme trfes-d^licat de ddcrire des especes sur le texte de
Fabricius, la place de celle-si me semble tellement precise, que je derogerai
cette fois ;\ mes habitudes.

"EUe est evidemment trfes-voisine de FrcRutomata et Dislribuaria, mais
elle doit avoir une large bordure brune, et IV'chancrure teintee de la meme
gouleur; trois taches costales, dont la derniere oblique et plus grosse. Lcs
inferieures ont aussi une bande brune traversde par des lignes ondees, plus
foncdes.''

Macaria contemptata Guen., Phal. ii, 86, 1857.— "27'"'". Ailes dentces,
d'un gris-clair, sa poudrd de brunatre, avec les dessins noiratres et un feston
terminal, noir, decoupant les dents. Ligne commune droite, suivie de dessins ■/^
confus et n(;buleux, et prt^ct^dee, surtout aux inferieures, d'une ombre parallele,
passant au-dessus d'un point celkilaire bien noir. Supi^rieures arroiulics
et sans coude an l)()rd terminal, ayant ;\ la cote, prt^s de I'apex, une liture
noiratre, eclairt^e de blanc exterieurcment. Inferieures aussi dentds que chez
^n/'nuaria, mais a coude a peine sensible. Dessous blanchatre, strie et
nuagd de gris (pii y t()rme des bandes, surtout aux inferieures.
"AnK^rique septentrionale. Un (?,une 9. Coll. Gn."
I saw the tyjie-specimen of this species in M. Guenee's collection, and
tliink it is distinct from any siJCcies known to me.

2J)5

Macaria mjuift-n/iia Walk., Lisl Lcp. lid ]{r. Miis., xxiii, 880, IHCl,
(plate 10, fig. 21). — ''Male. Cinereous. AHtcnii.-c serrated, pubescent. Hind
tibias incrassated; spurs shod. Wings thickly brown-speckled, slightly pur-
plish-tinged, pale luteous on the under side; interior, nii(l(ll(> and exterior
lines pale brown, nearly straight and parallel, darker and more distinct on tiie
costa of the lore wings, accompanied by a lew black points, which are most
distinct on the exterior line; discal point and marginal lunules black. Fore
wings acute; exterior border hardly excavated, in front. Hind wings with
the exterior border distinctly angular. Length of the body G lines; of the
wings 14 lines. East Florida.''

This is a good species, and new to nie. I examined the type in the Britisii
Museum. Macariu jwslrema Walk., List xxiii, 887, 18<Jl, is a rubbed S.
cequiferaria! ! !.

Macariu transilaria Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. I\Ius., xxiii, 886, 18G1. —
"■Male. Brownish-cinereous. Head and fore part of the thorax ochraceous.
Antenna; pubeticent, minutely crenulated. Wings minutely black-specked,
very slightly purplish-tinged; interior and exterior lines blackish, diffuse,
indistinct; a dull ochraceous submarginal l)and; luuler side paler. Fore
wings somewhat rounded at the tips; costa straight, with pale points; exte-
rior border very slightly excavated in tront; tips pale cinereous. Hind wings
with tiie exterior border slightly angular in the middle. Length of the body
5J lines; of the wings 14 lines. Neiirly allied to M. llturata. East Florida."

At the time I visited the British Museum, I regarded this as the type of
a species distinct from any of the others. It is ver) near the European 6'.
liturutn.

Macaria ine.Uricata Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., x.\iii, 88f>, 1861. —
''Female. Pale fawn-colour, luteous beneath. Head and fore border of tin;
thorax dull ochraceous. Wings brown-speckled, entire, with an exterior
oblique hardly undulating brown line; a brown submarginal spot opposite
the middle of this line; discal point dark brown, most apparent on the under
side. Fore wings acute; exterior border straight, rather oblique. Hind
wings luteous ; exterior border convex. Length of the body 3 lines ; of
the wings 10 lines. East Florida "

This seems to be a good species.

296

Mncaria trackUa Walk., List Lcp. Ilet. 15r. Miis,, xxiii, 890, 18G1.—
^'3fale. Ocliraccous-cinereous, minutely blackish-speckled. Thorax partly
white on each side. Abdomen with a blackish spot on each side near the
base. Hind tibiju incrassated ; spurs short. Wings entire, partly white;
interior and exterior lines brown, irregular; colours brighter and more con-
cisely marked on the under side. Fore wings hardly acute, with two ochre-
oiis-brown streaks extending from the exterior part of the costa to the disk,
where they are connected; exterior border s.traight. Hind wings with the
exterior border forming an acute and prominent angle in the middle. Length
of the body 6 lines ; of the wings 14 lines. North America."

This is a valid species.

Macaria latiferrugata Walk., List, xxvi. 1640, 18G2. — ''Male. Cinereous,
slightly ferruginous-speckled, paler beneath. Head ferruginous. Palpi very
short. Antennae minutely serrated. Fore tibiaj and fore tarsi brownish, with
pale bands. Wings entire; interior and exterior lines brown, hardly undu-
lating, slightly converging hindward; interior line retracted toward the costa
of the fore wings, much more slender and less conspicuous than the exterior
line; space beyond the exterior line ferruginous, including the indistinct
zigzag pale cinereous submarginal line, whicii is dilated into an apical patch ;
marginal line whitish, slender; fringe brown. Fore wings acute,' hardly
talcate; exterior l)order convex. Hind wings with the exterior border hardly
bent in the middle. Length of the body 5? lines; of the wings 12 lines.
East Florida."

This is apparently a valid s[)ecies.

Mncaria ? spilosaria Walk., List, xxvi, Kill, 19,%2.— ''Female. Brown.
Palpi very short. Thorax with a black band in front. Abdomen with the
hind borders of the segments whitish. Legs blackish; tarsi with whitish
bands. Fore wings cinereous, with the exterior part brownish; two brown
slightly undulating black-bordered bands; first basal; second interior; a
denticulated slightly undulating exterior black line, followed by an incomplete
line of white lunules; marginal line composed of elongated black points.
Hind wings cintTcous, with the lines very slightly marked. Length of the
body 5 lines; of tiie wings 14 lines. Canada.."

The type of this species is not in the British Museum.

Macaria r^nbapiraria Walk., List, xxvi, KMl, 1862.— ".!/«/?. Whitish,
slender. Palpi sliorl, ^lijihlly ascending, extending very little beyond t!ie

2!)7

front. Antenna' jxibcscenl. Wings tliickly speckled with Imowm; discal
mark l)n)\vii : ninrginal points l)lack. Fore wings with lonr didnse and verv
indistinct brown lines, whicli are distinguished by some blackish marks and
end on the costa in four blackisli spots; the adjoining spaces more white than
the wings elsewhere. Hind wings with the exterior border angular. Length
of the body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines. Canada."

Tlie type of this species is also not contained in the ]^rilish Museum.

Since the preceding remark was put in type I learn from Mr. Grote tliat
this species, first described in the Can. Nat. and Geol., vi, 40, 1861, is equal
to Walker's T. dispuncta. It should be entered, then, as a synonym of
Sem iothisa gran itata.

Macaria proxanthata Walk., List, x.wi, l(i42, 18(!2. — [^Malc. I'urplish
cinereous, pale cinereous with a luteous tinge beneath. Head reddish.
Palpi porrect, very short. Autenna3 stout, minutely setulose and pubescent,
Thorax ochraceous in front. Al)d()men extending very little beyond the hind
wings. Hind tibite incrassated. Wings minutely black-s})eckled, with a black
discal dot; interior and exterior lines black, dentate, paler and less distinct in
the hind wings; under side with the lines much more distinct. Fore wings
hardly acute, with an indistinct incomplete blackish dentate middle line, and '
with an ochraceous band beyond the middle line; costa straight; exterior
border slightly excavated in front. Hind wings with the exterior border
entire. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18 lines. p]ast Florida."

Macaria laticincta Walk., List, xxiii, 885, 1861. This is a Hyperctis,
allied to H. alienaria'.. (Examination of type in British Mu.seum.)

Macaria inaptata Walk., List, xxiii, 886, 1861. This is not a Semiosthisa!.
(E.x. type Brit. Mus.)

Macaria impropriata Walk., List, xxiii, 888, 1861. This is a Paraphia,
too much rubbed for identification !!!. (Ex. type Brit. Mus.)

Macaria ?indeclinaia Walk., List, xxiii, 888, 1861. This is Endropia
hi/pochrarial. (E\. type Brit. Mus.)

Macaria inttgraria Walk., I^ist, xxiii, 889, 1861. This is Aspilates
lintneraria ! . (Ex. type Brit. Mus.)

Macaria Jidoniaria Walk., List, x\\v, Supplement, part v, 1654, 18GG.
This is not a Seniios/hisa!.

298 " ^

EUMACARIA Packard. Plate 3, fig. 7.

L'umacaria Pack., Fiitb Rep. Pe.ab. Acid. Sc, 67, 1873.

Front rather narrow; scales rather lung, closely ajipressed io the surface.
Palpi long, narrow, ascending; a third of second joint surpassing the front;
third joint minute, pointed. Antennae broadly pectinated nearly to the tip;
in female, subpectinated, serrate. Tlrorax rather stout. Primaries: costa a
little convex; apex a little produced, but much less so than usually in Semio-
thisa or P/msiane, slightly subfalcate; outer margin not so oblique as in
Semioihisa, hardly excavated below the apex, rather convex in the middle.
Venation much like that of Semiothisa and Fhasiane; the costal vein is,
however, longer, and ends beyond the subcostal areole by a distance equal to
half the length of the areole, while in Semiothisa it ends opposite the end
of the areole; thf>. costal also connects with the areole in its middle, while in
the two other genera named it joins the areole near the inner end. The first
subcostal venule is longer, and the second much shorter, than in Seiniothisa
or Phasiane. The discal venules are as in Semiothisa. Secondaries with the
internal angle rectangular, even with the tip of the abdomen. Apex much
rounded; middle of outer margin not produced, obtusely slightly angulated,
above slightly scalloped. Legs short and feeble; hind tibiae slightly swollen,
the two pair of spurs not remote, slender, ])ointed, sui>eqiial; tarsi half as
long as the tibial. Abdomen very slender, with an anal tuft.

Coloration: cinereous, dusted thickly with brown; an outer obscure line
of black spots; margin dark-brown.

By the pectinated antenna?, long, slender palpi, and short, obtusely-angu-
lated secondaries, as well as the peculiar coloration, it may be readily distin-
guished from Semiothisa. The markings and the antenna? remind us more
of Epione and allied forms than Semiosthisa, Phasiane, and its allies. In the
venation, it entirely differs from Epione and its allies. Anticii)ating Epione,
etc., in the characters of the antenna? and coloration, and its peculiar asjject, I am
inclined to regard this as a synthetic or prophetic ty[)e, and therefore a true
mimetic form, and indicating that by its present mimicry it has been preserved
longer than the species possil)ly cotemporaneous with it.

EuMACARiA BKUNNEARiA Pack. Plate 10, fig. 22.

Eumacaria brunncuta Pack., Fifth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc, 67, 1873. V

4 (? and 2 9. Pearl-ash, with chocolate-brown markings. Head, palpi,
and antenna? chocolate-brown. Abdomen witli two rows of dorsal spots.

•)fl<

Fon; wings cnis.sod by tlircc distiiicl hiowii lines; inner lineuillia sharp
outward curve just Ix'low the costa, and heh)W sh^lillv sinnate; ;i liiinter
median line slightly sinnate, and not reachini^ ;is far as the conspicnons linear
discal dot. The outer line is hroad, lirni, very slightly sinuate; "beyond it, tlie
wing is chocolate-brown, with a row of large, brown, iutcrvenular spots n<'ar
the line; beyond, a narrow, faint, whitish line, widrming triangularly on the
apex. Fringe on both wings chocolate-brown. Hind wings nuirked as lore
wings, though there are but two lines, lieneath, the wings pearly-whitish,
checkered with the same lines as above, and with mimerous striga\ some
ochreous tints mixed with (he brown ; a brown band outside ot" the third line,
becoming ochreous on the hind wings; a marginal i)rown line, fringe l)rown
near the apex, becoming white behind ami on hind wings, and ti])ped with
brown and narrowly' marked with brown at the ends of the venides.

Length of body, <^,0.37. 9, ().:^,.5 ; of fm-e wings, c^, 0.44-0.48, 9, 0.46;
expanse of wings, 0.90-1.00 inch.

Maine, June 9 (Packard); Massachusetts (Sanborn, Stratton); AUiany,
N. Y., May 25 (Lintner) ; New Jersey (Sachs) ; Texas, June 3 (Belfrage) ;
Head of Plum Creek, Colorado, June 29 (Lieut. Carpenter, Hayden's Survey).

Tiie larger of ten eastern and Texan specimens nu-asures 0.48 inch on
the lore wing, while the single Colorado example measures 0.53 inch. This
l)eautiful and widely-diffused species may at once be recognized by the choc-
olate-brown lines and markings, the checkered under side of the wings, the
two rows of abdominal dots, and the heavily-])ectinated antenna;.

Subfamily CABERINJ^ Gueiiee (emend.).

Subtribe Cabvrites Diipoucbel, Cat. Lep. Eur., diJS, 1844.

Caberidi Gnen. in Duponcbol's Cat. Lep. Eur., 268, 1844.
Subfamily Zcrenidi Stepb. (in part), Cat. Brit. Lep., '211, 18.")0.
Family Caheridii; Guen., Phal., ii, 43, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, ftV.), 1S(>I.

Head square in front and quite full or longer than broad, not very full
or Hat, and narrowing considerably on the iront edge of the clypeal region.
Male antennai either simple or pectinated. Palpi short, slender, subacute,
either not projecting beyond the front, or but slightly so. Fore wings short
and broad, not subfalcate; costal edge straight or sometimes well arched; outer
edge entire, full. Hind wings well rounded, not angulated, or l)ul slightly so.
Venation: usually no sultcostal cell (one is present, however, 'wrdui ik rxi and

;>( )( >

Corycia vestaUatu, but not in C. se?niclarata). Discal vennles sometimes very
ol)lique ; \n_ Eudeilinia, the posterior discal venule is remarkably long and
oblique, the first and second median venule arising much nearer tlie outer
edge than usual; five or six subcostal venules. First subcostal venule often
short. Hind tibiae not swollen; spurs well developed; hind tarsi well devel-
oped.

Larva and pupa. — "Caterpillars moderately long, pedunculiform, without
tubercles, scarcely swollen posteriorly; head rounded, as broad as the protho-
racic segment; living exposed on trees. Chrysalides contained in cocoons." —
Guenee.

The moths of this group are usually pure white, or white with dark
spots, or with a decided ochreous tinge.

Syriojjsis of the Genera.

Second subcostal venule originatiug within the origin of the fifth subcostal Coryeia.

AntennsB simple; costa of fore wings very full; independent vein co-originating with the first

median, making the posterior discal venule very long ExidelUnia.

Antenuie pectinated; second subcostal vein arising beyond the origin of the fifth subcostal .. ZJei'Knia.
Antennai simple, like Deilinia, but a subcostal areole present, and first subcostal venule forked . G Mejierio.
Antennte pectinated; palpi extending beyond the head; AcidaUa-W^a in the cut of the wings;

costal joined with first subcostal; no areole; only five subcostal venules Stegania.

CORYCIA Duportchel. Plate 3, fig. 8, 8a.

Lomographa Hiibn. (in part), Verz., 311, 181>^.

Zerene Treits., Schm. Eur., vi (ii), 217, 1828.

Corycia Dup., Lep. France, iv, 110, 1629; v, 247, 1830.

Sapta Steph., Nomencl. Br. Ins., 45, 1829 ; " Cat. ii, 147, 1829."

Cabera Boisd. (in part). Gen. Ind., 218, 1840.

Acidalia Boisd. (in part), Gen. Ind., 221, 1840.

Bapta H.-Sch., Schm. Eur., iii, 69, 1847,

Corycia Steph., Cat. Br. Lep., 212, 1850.

Ilapta Lederer (in part), Verh. Boi. Zool. Ges. Wien, 175, 198, 1853.

Corycia Guen., Phal., ii, .57, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 871, 1861.

Head with the front square ; antennae simple, flattened beneath. Palpi
short and broad, slightly depressed, not reaching as far as the front; third
joint minute, short, conical. Thorax moderately stout; abdomen slender,
pointed at the end, not tufted. Fore wings with the costal area moderately

•

broad; costa much arched on the basal half; apex more rectangular than in
Deilinia or Eudnlmia; outer edge short, not convex. Hind wings with the
apex usually somewhat produced, forming a more or less distinct angle; outer
edge full and rounded; inner edge forming a distinct angle. Venation some-

;{() 1

what o(" the type ol' Fidonia and Thamnonoma rallier lliaii Acidnlia; the

costal vein touches or nearly adjoins the first subcostal venule before it bends

forward to the costa, or does not bend {E. hermiitiala) and goes straij^ht to

near the apex; there is no subcostal areole in C. semiclarata (plate 3, fig 8fl);

the second subcostal venule arises within the origin of the filth subcostal (f.

vestaliata, ])late 3, fig. 8, and C. semidarata). Hind legs slender; liind tarsi

nearly as long as the tibiae, which are not swollen. Tiie species are either

snow-white or white mottled with dark brown, the wings not crossed by lines.

This genus may be recognized by the arched costa, the rectangular apex,

simple male antennHS, conical, untufted abdomen, and the full outer edg(! of

the hind wings, with the apex and inner angle well marked. The species

differ from those of Deillnia in the simple antennsB and the want of lines.

The venation differs somewhat in the two species; the second subcostal

venule arising close to the origin of the fifth subcostal, while in vestaliata it

arises midway between it and the first; the posterior discal is very oblique in

vestaliata, straight in se7niclarata ; in one O. vestaliata, the fifth subcostal vein

is entirely wanting!. I doubt whether Walker's Corycia hexaspilata is a

Corycia at all.

Synopsis of Species.

Small, pure white; frout entirely white; costa of fore wings bene.atli, smoky C. veKtaliala.

Discolored with dark brown, and with four discal spots C. semidarata.

Corycia vestaliata Guenee. Plate 10, fig. 23.

Corycia rmtaUaia Ouen.!, Phal., ii, 59, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mu8., xxiii, 873, 186L
Acidalia jimctaria Walk. ! ! ! , Can. Nat., vi, 39, 18C1 ; List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxvi, 1.^93, 1H61 ifide Grote).

10 S and 10 9. — Fore wings distinctly rectangular at tip; outer edge
of both wings rather fuller than in the following species; front rather longer
and more triangular than in the two succeeding species, and the palpi rather
slenderer and not extending no far out as in herriiiniata, but much as in semi-
darata. Snow-white, with no markings above, but irised; stained with brown
along the under side of the costa of fiire wings as tar as the apex (.sometimes
the co.sta is almost entirely white beneath); fringe long, white; front of head
white, palpi yellowish on the outer half; antenna^ white above, sometimes
brownish, yellowish beneath. Legs: fore and middle pairs wdiitish externally,
the femora and trochantines dusky within and beneath; hind pair white.

Length of i)ody, <f , 0.38, 9, 0.35; of fore wings, c? , 0.41, 9, 0.42:
ex[)aiise of wings, 0.85-0.9.5 inch.

.'502

Brunswick, Mc, very abundunt in June, appearing as early as June 4,
but more abundant a week later; it Hies with a vacillating, weak flight, at
dusk flying in pine-woods and open bluebeiTy-fields about the blossoms of
the wild thorn (Packard); Montreal, Canada (Lyman); Brookline, Mass.,
(Shurtleff); Boston, Mount Auburn, Cambridge, Mass., June 1, in meadow,
on bushes (Harris Coll., Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.) ; Williamstown, Mass., June
15 (Scudder); Andover, Mass. (Sanborn); Salem, Mass., June (Packard);
A^mherst, Mass. (L. W. Goodell); Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef); Albany, N. Y.,
May 25 (Lintner) ; London, Canada (Saunders) ; Waco, Texas. April 22,
June 30 (Belfrage, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc.) ; Colorado (Ridings), and near the
South Platte, June 28 (Lieutenant Carpenter) ; St. Martin's Falls, Albany
River, Hudson's Bay Territory; Newton Falls, N. Y. (Walker).

This common and widely-spread species may be distinguished by its
white front, which is more triangular than in Eudeilinia lierminiatn, and by
the white wings. It varies in sometimes not being tinged with brown on the
under side of the costa, both in examples from Maine and Texas. It is one
of the earliest of our Gcometrids.

CoRYCiA SEMiCLARATA Walker. Plate 10, fig. 24.

Corycia sciniclarata Walk. ! ! !, Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxv, Supplement, part v, 1G53, 1866.
Bapta viatica Harvey, Bull. Soc. Sc. Buffalo, pi. 11, fig. 6, 1874.

6 i and 6 9. — Head square in front rather than ti'iangular as in vesta-
liata; antennae gray; body and fore wings whitish, suffused with gray, with
two very broad, parallel, diffuse, dark-brown bands, the inner curved regularly
outward and the outer sinuous; a submarginal, dark, diffuse band; a mar-
ginal row of black dots on both wings; fringe on fore wings dark, whitish at
tip and on the inner angle; hind wings white, with a line of five indistinct
dots parallel with the outer edge of the wing. Beneath, white ; the discal
dots are very large, those on the fore wings larger than those on the hind
wings, and oval; an cxtradiscal scalloped line common to both wings, and
broad on the costa; on the fore wings, a submarginal line, broad toward the
costa; the marginal line of dots is connected ; fringe dusky on the fore wings,
white on the hind wings. Fore legs dusky; hind pair white, dark on the ends
of the tarsi.

Length of body, t?, 0.86, 9, 0.39; of fore wing, i, 0.42, 9, 0.45;
expanse of wings, 0.90 inch.

London, Canada (Saunders; ; "Qiiclx'c'" (UManuor); Brunswick, Mo.,
frequent in June, in eomjjiiny witli C. restaliala; Mount Wasliin<,rtoM, N. IT.,
July (Morrison); Wliite Mountain Valley.s, July -9 (Seudder, Mus. Peal).
Acad. Sc); " Catskill Mountains" (Mead); March-April, Andover, Mas.s.
(Sanborn) ; Brookline, Mass., April, May (Shurtleir) ; West Ro.xhury, Ala.ss.
(Minot); Williamstown, Mass., June 15 (Seudder); I'liiladelpliia, Pa (Anier.
Ent. Soc.).

This eharacteristic form may be recognized by its stone-gray color, the
three dift'nse bands and dark fringe on the fore wings, which contrast with
the white hind wings; also by the large dark tliscal dots and the two l);ui(ls
on the fore wings.

Desiderota.

Corycia albata Gnen., Pbal., ii, 58, 1857.

W.ilk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mns., xxiii, 873, 18fil.

"Ni ditffere absohunent de la precedente ICori/cia herminiafa\ ([u'cui ce
qne la cote des supdrieures est blanche en dessous, coninie tout le reste.
Georgia amciricaine. Un c?."

I have been unable as yet to identify this species, though I saw the \\\>(i
in M. Guen<ie's collection; but, as I saw it in the evening, (most of my
comparisons were made by daylight, however), I could see no difference
between this species and vestaliata. It may ])rove to be a variety either of
the latter or of E. herminiata.

Conjcia hexaqnlata Walk., List Lep. Ilet. Br. Mus., xxxv, SuppL, 1653,
1866. — ''Female. Very pale fawn-colonr. Palpi porrect, smooth, slender, not
extending beyond the head. Antennae slender. Abdomen as long as the i

interior l)order of the hind wings. Legs smooth, slender. Wings broad ; an j
indistinct, paler, postmedial, undulating line. Fore wings acute; three black
costal spots; third subapical, very much smaller than the other "two; fringe
with brown dots ; exterior border convex, slightly oblicpie. Length of the
body 4 lines; of the wings 12 lines. North America."

EUDEILINIA, gen. nor. Plate 3, fig. 9.

Head with large eyes; front subscntellate, not square. Palpi slender,
not reaching as far as the front. Male antennae compressed, simple. Fore
wings unusually full and convex on the costa; ajiex ol)tusely rectangular,
outer edge not bent; luiid winirs much rounded on the apex, and not bent on

;i04

tlie outer edge. The venation is remarkably different from that of Corycia
and alHed genera. The costal area is remarkably broad, tlie costal vein very
straight; the first subcostal venule is straiglrt and about two-thirds as long as
the costal; the second and third subcostals are remarkably short and originate
very near the apex, the second subcostal arises half-way between the apex
and the origin of the fifth subcostal venule; the anterior discal venule is short
and straight as usual; the posterior discal is remarkably long and very oblique,
carrying the origin of the first median and independent venules out opposite
to that of the fifth subcostal; the independent vein co-originates with the first
median. Hind legs with slight, not swollen, tibiae; tarsi slender, and nearly
as long as the tibiae. Abdomen thick ; tip suddenly conical. Coloration snow-
white, with two series of pale, faint, dusky spots.

This remarkable genus may be recognized by the full, arched costa of
the fore wings, the simple antennae, the slight palpi, and the remarkable
venation, tlie independent vein arising next to the first median. This abnor-
mal character throws light on the history of this vein, and shows that it was
originally a branch of the median vein. In other characters drawn from the
venation, it approaches Deilinia rather than Corycia.

EuDEiLiNiA HERMiNiATA Packard. Plate 10, fig. 25.

Corycia lienniniata Gueu., Phal. ii, 58, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 872, 1861.
Corycia Mseriaia Pack., Fifth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc, 68, 1873.

3^. — Uniformly white. Head white; palpi dark. Fore and middle legs
blackish-brown beneath. Fore wings with two rows of indistinct smoky
spots on the venules; the inner regularly curved, the outer broadly sinuate,
situated on the outer quarter of the wing, the inner crossing at the origin of
the fourth median venule. Secondaries the same; beneath, the costa of fore
wings slightly tinged with brownish at base. Two discal dots present on
each wing; a dot at the origin of each discal venule.

Length of body, 0.30; length of fore wings, 0.50; expanse of wings,
1.15 inches.

West coast of Lake Winnepeg, July (S. H. Scudder) ; Orono, Me., July
4 (Packard); Boston, Mass. (Sanborn); Brookline, Mass., June 19 (Shurtleff);
Amherst, Mass. (Peabody and Goodell) ; Albany, N. Y. (Lintner) ; Ithaca, N.
Y. (Comstock); Maryland (Scudder); "Canada" (Walker).

At once recognized by its uniform pure white color and the two curved

r^

'^-

r,05

scries dl' siiiiilxv liiiiil vciiular s[;()1s, as well as the ddiililc discal dols (in llic
iiiidcr side, one ol w liicli laiiilly rcajipcars on llu; ii|i|icr side of Ixilli pairs
of wiiij,^^;.

Altliough llu! spoUcd lonns which 1 had regarded as dislinct IVdiii M.
(Iiiciu'c's ficrnii/iia/a do not aixrcc with liis (h'sci'iption, as lie onl\' nicnlioiis
ihc two l)lacl\ discal spots on tlic nnih'r side ol' the; wings, 1 am inclined to
iHiite hiser'hila with //('///liti/d/a.-df^ two specimens ol" the latter in my possession
agree (^xaclly in otiiei' i-espects with M. (Jnen('e's description ol' licrniiiiidld,
and n. rario/itria is somelinn's entirely w liite on the wings. ] am also inclined
to i-egard (Inenec's r///w/r/ as a variety of lieniiiii'uild.

DKILINIA lliil.ner. Plate ;',, tig. 10.

IMUuUi Hiiliii., Votz. :{10, Ibis.

Ciihiiu Tifils. (in pint), Scliiii. Kiir., vi ( ), 31:!, 1S'.!7.

Sicpli., XoiiiiiK-l. r.r. IiiF., 44, 1S-J<).

Dnp. (in pari), Lcp. France, viii (v), ">, ls::o.

I!ois«l. (ill part), Gtm. Inil., 218, 1S40.
Fiilonia H.-Si-li. (iu i';ul). Seliiii. Eur., iii, S4, IslT.
t'lthn-a Steiili., Cut. IJr. Ins., 177, ld,')0.

Onvu.,VUa].,\\ja,l)^:>7.

Walk., List Li'p. ll.-t. l!r. Mns., xxiii, 8(57, ISGI.

lltad with a square front ; the pal|)i a little larger than in Cori/rid, and
oxtending a little bevond the front: third joint a little longer than hroad,
jHiinted. Male antenna' well peclintiled i;early to (he tips; in female, simple.
Apex of foiv wings as well as thai of the hind wings inclined to he somewhat,
prodnced, and there is a slight angle in the outer edge of the fon; and
hind wings. A'enatioii mneh as in Conjrl'i^ l)i;l the lirst snhci.sfal is fartiier
from the costal, tind less sinnons than in Cunjcni; while the second suhcostal
arises half-way between the origin <.f the thii'd and tiilii subco; f;d vennles,
much as in Ac'ulalia. The posterior discal vemde is (/bliqae. r.s in Cunjcid.
ITind legs with the libia^ not much swollen, the ttirsi nearly as long as the
1ibi;e. Coloration: the wiiurs white or echreons, with two jiarallel otdireons
diU'tisc lines, more oi- less distinct, common to Ixitli w ings, and usnally a basal
line on the fore wings.

The species are distinguished t'rom Conjcin by the pectinated antenna',
the two comnnai lines, and the generally ochreons tint, thonuli the lemales
of vdriuldiid are with ditlicnity separated from these of ('oijicid. I'rom
Acidalid, it dilfcrs in the pectinated antenna', the want (;f a decided l»and in
the hind win^::, and the larger palpi.
.".'.I i> u

30(5 j^

Synopsia of (he Sjircic.'^.

ATLANTIC.

White; front reddisli-ochrcons; stiig;t' and lines brown D. raiiolar'ux.

Oclireoiis ; front ochreous ; strig.'" and lii'es oclircous D. erijihniario.

PACIFIC.
Like erijiliimarki. but larger, and witb tbc middle line nearer tbe outer tlian tbe inner line, D. pncificar'ia.

Peilinia variolaria Packaid. Plate 10, fig. 2fi.

Calierii rariohniii Gneu., Plial., ii, 50, 18.j7.

Walk., Lej). Ilet. llr. Mns., xxiii, SG9, 18G1.
Cahcra hilciilaiid Walk.!!!, Lei). H^f- ^''- ^ias., xxiii, «0, If^Ol.

2 S and G 9. — Front of head deep reddi.sh-ocliret)us ; white on llio front
edge; palpi deeji oclireous. Antenna:' white. Fore wings with the costa
rather lull. Both wings strigated more or less thickly with brown; some-
times the wing.s are pure white. In the male, the strigiv are arranged in two
parallel lines on both wings. ]]enea1h, pure white; sometimes a distiiu-t
black discal dot on each win<r. Fore and middle lesjs ochreous.

Length of bod}-, 9, 0.37; otM'ore wing, 9, 0.52; expanse of wings,
1.05 inches.

Brunswick, Me., July (Packard, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc.) ; Boston, Mass.
(:\[orrison) ; Dedham, Mass. (F. W. Very); Amherst, Mass. (Prof S. IT.
Peabody) ; Springfield, Mass., August 3 (Dimmock) ; Natick, Mass., August
2 (Stratton) ; Belmont, Mass., August 3 (Morrison) ; Albany, N. Y., July 24,
September 15 (Lintner) ; Ithaca, N. Y. (Conistock) ; Kcw Jersey (Sachs);
Detroit, Mich. (Swartz, IMus. Comp. Zoril.) ; Lansing, ]\Iich. (Miles, Mus.
Peal). Acad. Sc.) ; " Pennsylvania" (Gucm'e) ; " St. ]\Iartin's Falls, H. B. T. ;
New York" (Walker).

This pretty s])ecies dilfers from the two next in the white wings, often
without lines, and the dccj) reddish-ochreous tront.

Dkilinia erytiiemaria Packard. Plate 10, fig. 27.

Cuhira iriilhimmia (iiien., Plial., ii, fiG, 18ij7.

Walk.!!!, Lep. Met. Br. Mns., xxiii, 8C9, IStil.

I.,arg(;r than D. variolarla, otherwise much the same. Head and body
l)ale ochreous ; front of head jiale ochreous, white on anterior edge. Wings
whitisli-ochreous, with two dilfuse ochreous lines common to each pair; on
the fore wings, a basal similar line, bent below the costa. The middle line is

307

nearer llie l)asal llian llie exfradiseal. ISolli uiims an- slriiialed willi oclireeiis.
I'x'iiealli, a little clearer than ainive, with no lines: the e.xt rat li seal line liiintly
reproduced Inward the costa ; no other niarkini;-s on the nnder side ol the
wings in cilhcr sex.

L(Mi<rtl>()fl.od\% .^.O.-IO, 9,0.r,8: of fore wing, c?,0.47, 9,0.5,",: expanse
of wings, 1.05 inciu's.

Angn.sta, ^U\ (V. L. Scril)n('r, ^Ins. I'cah. Acad. 8c.); IJrunswick, ]\le.,
June 1(), not very coinnion, (Packard, i\rus Peal) Acad. Sc); P^ssex County,
Vt. (('assiin»); Andover, ifass. (Sanborn); Xatick, Mass. (Stralton); Cani-

hridge, .Mass., and ]\Ionnt A\'ashington, X. II., .Inly (.Morrison); Pennsylvania
(Onence); "St. Martin\s Falls, II. P.. 'I\ ; Nova Scotia; Trenton Fulls, N. Y."
(Walker).

This species may he recognized liy the pale oclii'eons lint ol" the wings,
1)y llic three lines on the lore wings, with the niiddh- on(^ nearer the l»asal
liian the extradiscal, and i)y the absence of any markings or snl)niarginal
row of dots.

Deilim.v tacificaria, sj>. nor. Plate 10, fig. 28.

2 J. — This species is very closely allied to D. cri/tlicnnirid, and only
differs from it in its larger size and the more ochreous front, the anterior edge
not being whitish, and in the more distinct markings on the \vings. It also
differs in the fact that the middle line on the fore wings is nearer the extra-
discal than the ba.sal. There are traces of two eoninion lines oil the under
side of the wings, the e.xtradiseal being heavy and dark on the costa.

Length of l)ody, c? , 0.45; of fore wing, 9,0 GO; expanse of wings,
1.12 inches.

Victoria, Vancouver Island, .Inly (("rotch, .Mus. Com[). Zool.).

GUEXERIA, gni. uor. Plate 3, (ig. 11.

This genus is nearer DeUlni(( than any other of the subfamily; the front
is, however, nairower, while the palpi are the sani(>. ^\i\\v antenn;e sinii)le,
compressed ; in the female, simple, romid. I'he wings are of the same shape
as in Dei/h/ia, though the apex of the fore wings is a little more acute. There;
is a slight angl(> in fiie outer edge of l)oth wings, mnch as in Deilinia, and the
markings on them are much the same. In venation, Guvneria dili(M-s from
Deilinia in the presence of a subcostal areole: beyond it, the tirsi sul)C0slal

308

vciuilc sulidividcs ; llic srcoiul siilicdslal venule, PiS it were, sep;iia<es IVoiii its
origin witli its inaiii vein, and arising i'roni tlu; iirst alont liall'-way hclweeii
the arcol(! and the costal edge; otlierwisc tiie V(M;r.ficiii is nineli as in Dciliiiia.
It also dilFers rciuaikal)ly in tlie large, swollen, Iiii;d liliia.', and the short, small
tarsi, which are only hall as long as the til)ia'. This remarkable genus is an
interesting svnthctie iy|ie, eomhiuiug the characters el' Dtilijiid and Ac'uIaHa,
liaviniT the head and yc^yA of the tbrnier wilh the hiud legs of the latter,
while in the venation it dill'ers iVem Ihilinid m the ])resenco oi" a subcostal
ai-eole, in which it is also allied to AiidnHa. 1 he species may be i-ecognized
by their close resemblance to those of l)('il}nut.

It gives me ])leasui'e to dedicate this I'eniai'kable genus to ]\[. Guenee,
to whom Ameiican entomologists are under lasting obligations for his conlii-
butions to American lepidoplerology.

Giu:nekia hasiata Packard. Plate 10, fig. 2U.

EUiiina hashdiu W;ilk.:, Li.st Li-p. Ilct. l!r. Miis., xxvi, 130^, ISGi.

10 S and S 9. — Body and wings pale ochreous, witii ochreous strig;r,
much as ill DfiUnid cri/thcmdrht. Front of the head ochreous; anteun;e and
palpi ochreous. Both wings witli a single, wavy, line, ochreous, common line.
There are faint traces of two inner lines on the lore wings, much as in Dcili-
jilii, and of a single inner line on the liind wings; l)ut these lines .arc often
neai'ly obsolete. Ijeiseath, a little paler than al)ov(^ ; l()ur discal dots, those
on the hind wings much larger and more distinct than those on thclront
wings. A submargiual row oi dislinct veuidar dots parallel with the outer
edge of the wing. Fore legs ochreous; hind legs white.

Length of liody, c?, 0.40, 9, 0.40; of lore wing, <^ , 0 50, 9, 0.50-0.55;
e\[;ause of wings, 1.05—1.15 inches.

j\Iontreal, Canada (Lyman); Brunswick, Mc, very common, Jun(^ S to
July 10 (Packard, Mus. Peab. Acad. He); P:sscx County, Vt. (Cassino);
Salem, ]\Iass., Jidy 13 (Ciissino); 15oston, JLiss. (Sanl)orn and ^fonison);
Andierst, Mass. (IL W. Goodell); Springfield, jMass., June 5-21 (Dimmork);
Mount Tom, Ilolyoke, Mass., July 2 (Morrison); West Farms, X. Y. (Angus);
Ithaca, X. Y. (Sufith).

This is one of our nio.-;t common moths. Hying in pine-woods and adjoin-
ing fields in June and July. It may be dislinguished at once fruiii the species
of Dcilinid by the series of vennlar dots and the discal dots on the under

P

sidr of till' willies. Ail llic inarkiii'is ai'c ollcii wanliiii;' in faliiiicl-s|)cciiiiciis,
and il vaiii's in nuicli llic sa!U(! way as the species <il Dcihiiiii. I have iden-
tified this s[K'cies \)\ a drawinii made I'loni Mr. Walkei's l_v['e in tin; ISrili.vli

Musenm.

STKUAXIA (Jnenee. Plate ;5, lig. 12.

Anagoija Iliiliii. (in pari), ViTZ., 291, ISIS.

Loiiio(jro]iha Iliibii. (in pail), Vcrz., :U1, 181f^.

fidoiiKi TuMts. (in part), Si'lini. Knr., vi (i), 'Mi, 1827.

r,nul:;i]>rUs Stcph. (in pari), Noniom 1. I'.r. In.s., 11, lejl); "Cat., ii, 12S, I.s-JU".

Vnbcra Doisd. (in part). Gen. InJ., 'JIS, 1810.

lUtgaidti Giien., MS. in Dnpor.clicl'.s Cat., ".^70, 1811.

Jl.-Scb., Sclini. Kiir., iii, 70, 1817.

Stcpli., Cat. Br. hrp., 21H), 18:.0.
Tirjyiioniicia Li'ilcrcr,* Vcrli. I!i)t. Zuol. lii-.s. Wini, I'.l'.l, 180:!.
i^tiijania Gticn., I'lial., ii, i:!, ls."i7.

Wallc, List I.cp. IIi'l. Uv. Miis,, xxiii, ISGl.

Head with I'nll (MOs, and iVont not very \\i{h'. Paljii hmir and hirire,
cwtendiiiii: onothird their length lieyoiid the I'nmt : third join! rather hniLi; and
large, oI)tuse at lip. ^fah' anteniiii' well j)ectinafed. F()r(' wiuixs: cosia
.straight, arehed toward the apex, whieh is snl)l'aleafe ; onter ediic ohliiiiie,
much less convex than in the other genera of this sidifamily. _ Hind wing.s
much as in Acidd/ia, being stpiare. with a well-marked angle in the median
edge, the apex being short and much rounded. Venation : the costal vein
joins the first subcostal by a very short transverse vein. 1'here is no snli-
cosfal arcoh:;; the first subcostal venule runs paralhd with the subcostal main
vein until it reaches the origin ot" the Ibnrtli venule (what is nsiutlly the iii'tli,
for there are but five sul)costal venules), where it diveriics to the costal edize.
The posterior discal venule is v-sh;iped. and ser.ds a fold inward. Hind
legs lon<f and slender; tibia- slender; tarsi slender, two-thirds as lonir as the
tibiie. Coloration: white in our American si)ecies, with deep-ochn;ous costal
spots and broken lines.

This genus combines the characters of the Caherina; and Acidalinfr,
approaching the latter in tiie sliirhtly sublidcate fore wings and angular hind
wings and the general points in venation, while it dillers Irom the others ol
its group in the more heavily-pectinated ;mtemi;e, the larue palpi extending
farther l)eyond the front than usual, and the absence of one ol" the ant<nior
subcostal venules.

Our S. j)ux/i//(in'a is (juite near the iMiropean .'^'. dilntaiia, which i.s
ochreous, lined and dusted with brown.

' Lcilerer dropiiril Gnencc's name fitujaiiia bitau.'-e ^Icjai^u ^\ab pIlv:u^l^■ly used lur a gcuus of
l>il)tera ; but tliis is scarcely a snilicicnt rcasuu.

r,io

S-nxiANiA rr.sTLLAiiiA Giiciic'c. rii.(<' 10, llg. oU. Larvn, I'l. 13, llg. 33;

l)ii[);i, o'dfi.

Slnjuiiia j)H.s/i(/»)i« Ciirii., riuil., ii. I'.', pi. I'l lis- ''t l"^'-'"-

\V;ilU., I-i'l'. Hit. r.i . Mils., xxiii, 8(y, l.Sdl.

5 J iiiid o 9. — i)0(ly ;iii(l wiiiiis pure while : pnl|)i and anfcMiia' uclircoiis.
Fore wintfs pure white, with lour well-iiiaikcd, costal, (leep-uchreous spots,
fidin the three inner of which arise slender ochrcoiis lines. The basal line
is iiiiich i)ent l)elo\v the costa, and a little wavy ; the middle line is usually
wantinir; the e.\tradiscal line is bent outward in the discal space; it is sonie-
tiincs broken up into spots and ol'ten wanling-. A few line dots jirocced
toward the nuddle of the wing iVoni the I'ourth costal s|;ot, but very rarely.
A marginal row of line deep-ochn'ous spots. Hind wings with a single deep-
ochreous thread-line. Abdomen jiure while. Fore and middle legs tinged
with t)chreous; hind legs white.

Length of body, S, 0.42, 9, 0.40; of ibrc wing, <? , 0.48, 9, 0.54;
expanse of wings, 1.10 inches.

Fondon, Canada, Jidy 4 (Saunders); Montreal, Canada (Lyman); North-
ern Maine, August, in woods (Packard); White Mountains, N. IF, August IG
(Shurlletl'); New Hampshire (Dodge); Brooklinc, Mass., August IC (Shurt-
leff); Amherst, Mass. (Goodell); Natick, Mas.s. (Stratton); 15oston, Mass.
(Sanborn); All)any, N. Y., August 8-17 (Lintner); West Farms, N. Y.
(Angus); Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef); New Jer.sey (Sach.s): Philadelphia, Pa.
(Grotc and Auicr. Fnt. Soc).

This pretty species may lie recognized by its white body and wings, and
four deep golden-ochrcous costal spots, with usually a basal and extradiscal
line. The lines arc often wanting; and, in one example received from Mr.
Lintner, there are only two (third and fourth) costal spots and faint traces of
a common line.

Larva. — "The larva of this little delicate-looking geometric moth feeds
on the maple, ll is common in our fieighborhood, and may be readily got, in
season, Ijy striking the branches of the trees a sharj) lilow, when it drops at
once part way to the groimd, remaining suspended l)y a silken thread, by
means of which, w lien danger passes, it can regain its position on the tree.
It is found full-grown about the middle of June, enters the chrysalis state
within a few days aflerwards, and [iroduces tlie moth early in July.

"When fnll-growii, the larva measures about live-eighths uf an inch in
len;;lh, l)od\' cvlindiical.

"Head incdiiiiii-six.cd, nillicr llal in tVonl, slii;iilly liildlicd. and of a pale
grcou color, willi a few vcit line hairs, invisililc wilhoul a niaiinityini: i,dass,
scallcrcd over its sui-racc; niaiidihlcs 1i|i|ic(l with lilack.

" l)0(l_v ahovc lihiish urccu, with lhi(ddy set hiiiL'it ndinal slripi's (if wliitish
and ycUowisli. A (h)ul)li' whitish (hirsal hue, with liordci-ini,' lines ol' j'cllow-
ish-whifo, neither ol" which ar(^ iinhrokcn, Inil arc t'ornicd of a succession of
slioft lilies and dots. iJelow these, on eacdi side, nvc two or three iiii[)erfe(,'l
whi((! lines, made u\) of short streaks, and much fahiter than those borderinir
the dorsal line; spaces hetweeii the sei^ments yellowish. Tlie skin all (jver
the l)ody is iniu li wrinkled and folded.

"The under surface is <jrecn, with a tiiiire ol" ycdlowish hetween the i^cg-
inciils ; feet yeliowisli-irrecn, p ro 1 e :,rs ij re en liiintly tipped with hrowii.

"Tiie moth is ol" a ])nri' white color, with tiiree or four rcddish-lirown
spots (Ml the costal margin of each of tli(> fore wings, and with a faint curved
line of the same, crossing them a little beyond the middle; it expands one
inch." — W. Saunders, Canadian Entomologist, iii, '22').

I'upa. — Of the usual conical-oval shape. The wings reacdi to the hinder
edge of the fourth abdominal segment. The end of the abdomen terminates,
as usual, in a stout spine. Length, 0 oO inch.

De.siderntuin.

i<tcgani(i! qiiadrinoUtta "Walk., List Lep. Ilet. IJr. Mus., wiv, page IT.'j'J,
18(J2. — Male. Pale cinerous-tcstaccous. Palpi porrect, acute, not extending
beyond the head; antennas setulose. Abdomen not extending beyond the
hind wings. Ilind tibial not incrassated; spurs rather long. Wings mode-
rately broad: fore wings slightly acute, with tlire(,' Jirowii costal spots;
exterior border convex, rather obli(|iie.

Length of the body, 4 lines; of the wings, 12 linens.

New York (in i\Ir. Saunders's collection).

Subfamily GOXIACIDALIXvE.

Head short and very broad. Palpi slender, .\iiteiiiia' simple. Fore
wings entire or variously notched ; hind wings tridentate or entire. Venation :
from three to six subcostal veins. Lulependent veins co-originating with the
anterior diseal venule. Hind tibijc swollen : tarsi two-thirds as long as tiiji;r.

(Jl" the larval forms (d" this remarkal)le group we as yet know nothing.

312

Tlic s[icci('s iirc rarr. and
milarilv of" llicir loniKS.

lie liciK.'

la. may lie readily iccogiiizcd hy the si'iu-

S////ops/s of (he Genoa.

Wings very obloiis. angular; liiiid wings entire OoninnihiVm.

Ciisia of foie wings vi-ry convex ; onter e '.go deeply excav.iled ; hind wings [\\i\v\\iAU^. ..CalUihiptniix.
Foro wings initiie ; apex nineli lonnded ; liind w ings tridentale VaUi::Ui.

GONIACIDALIA Packard. Tlale 3, iig. i;).

Ooniacklaliu Pack., I'illh Rep. Teali. .Vead. .Se.,GS, 1.^73.

Head and Ici:sas in Aridiilia^ Uk' antenna;' in tin.' male .^lightly eilialed; in
the It'inah' simple. I'ulpi very sliorl, as in Acldd/iu. This singular genus may at.
(ine(! I)e recognized hy the oblong [irimaries, I lie apex heing prolonged, while I he
inner angh' is ehnigated into a Munt, rounded, aborted tail, making the wing
as broad near the l)a.se as near theape.x, and beyond the "tail'' the inner edge
is exactly parallel to the costal. The onter edge is short and straight, less
obli(|UC than in the narrow-winged species of' Achhilia. The hind wings are
still more grofesfpic than the primaries, a}»pearing as it' crumpled up f'l'om not
having properly exiiandcd alter the moth had left the pupa. They arc so
deeply notched in the inner part of the outer edge (jf the wing as U) appear
hil'Lircate, sending the iniu'r i'ork, which is acute, nearly as far as the tij) of
the abdomen, while the outer hall' oC the wing forms the other fork. The
inner edge of thi' wing is mmdi revolnte, and near the l)ase of the inner fork
carries a crest of line inrolled hairs. The venation is \cvy remarkable.
^J'heri^ is a subcostal cell and but three sulx'osfal veins, the main vein branch-
ing but three tinu's; the usual two suhapical veins wanting. The iiidepend-
<'ui vein is thrown oil' t'rom the base of the anterior discal veins. The third
median vein is very slnn-f, and its origin is very remote from tiie first two.

GoNiACiUALiA I'uiiciFEiiATA Packard. Plate 10, fig. 31.

Gumacidalia fiircifiraUi Pack., Fifth Ifep. Peal). Aead. Sc.tiS, 187:!.

2 S and 1 9. — Brick-red; head with f>ont and palpi red; vertex and
antenna' dull yellowish. Pore wings reddish, with a broad, median, yeliowisii
patch, not reaching to the inner edge, and extending to the base of wing', inter-
rupted by a l)asal reddish line ; costa reddish as far as the middle of tiie wing.
This yellowish area is centered with the reddish-brown discal dot. Outer
margin el the wing paler, w ilii a submarginal, yellowish, zigzag line, not reach-
ing any farther than the l)asal yellowish patch. Hind wings pale reddish; rev-

oliilo f(l;,^c vcllowish, iiiclndliii.- 111,. IhusImiI" Imiis. l!ci:.;il li, iniicli ;,s;il.()\.-,
but i)alcr, tlir wiiinr hcyniul the middle Immii:,' cio; scd h\ a Itn.ad rcddisli
t^liadc. and vcllowjsli on carli .side, inclndini,^ the apex, llii.d uiiii:s wilh two
parallel yellowish lines.

Leiiglh of \)va\\\ J, 0.2,3, 9, 0.21; ef lore wings, e, 0.28, V, 0.28;
expanse ol' wings, O.d'O incli.

Texas, Angus! and Seplend)er (ISell'ragc).

CAI.LKDAITKIJVX Groiv. Flak- ?,. fig. 14.

CalkihipUi-iiJ- (iriitc, 'I'nnis. Aiiu r. Kiif. Sdc , ii, 11',), l.~:.W.

c^ and 9. — Head nineli as in Aridii/ia, ln'inir sliorf, small, and fin; fronl
rallier wide, snlitrian^nlai-. Male antem.a' ,-imple, very sliiihllv tlaUened.
I'alpi slender, sliglilly npenrved, pointed, projeclimr a little l)eyoiid tiie Ironl.
Fore wings with the eosta very miudi arcdied, llie apex lieinir wvy lideate ;
hclow- the apex, the ontcr e(lg(> is deeply and reuulaily excava1(-d, with a snii-
-acutc angle between the first and second median vennles; the inner ani.d<' is
sharply i-ectangiilar, and the inner edge is deeply sinnate. 'J'lie hind winir i.s
oblong: below tiie apex, produced into a lonir, very acute point, below which
the wing is deeply hollowed, with a small acute tooth near the middle of the
hollow; a broad acute angle on thellrst median venule : iiimu- anyle reclaniru-
lar. ^enalion: six subcostal branches, the independent Ibrniinir a seventh,
as it co-originates with the origin of the anterior disca! venule. 'J'he lirst
three subcostal venules originate near together, and some distance before the
origin of the anterior discal vemde. The remaiuimr venules are verv strai::lif,
not arched as in Ca/lhiia. The internal vein is very sinuat •. Abdomen
sliort and thick. Hind legs stout ; tibia- swollen, with large uiie(pial spines;
tarsi lwo-lhii-(ls as long as the tibia'. The single species known is dull ocdire-
ous, with two nearly parallel lines, and dark patcdies on the ludlows of tin;
outer and inner (Mlges.

Thi-s singular genus may l)e at once recognized by the deeply-hollowed
falcate fore wings, with the deeply sinuate inner edge, and i)y tiie deeplv-
iiotchcd, tridiMitate, outer edge of the hind wings.

Calledai'Tkuvx dryoi'terata Grote. Plate 10, fig. ;J2.

CaUalaptiii/x thiinjilaatti Oroti', Tians. Aimi-. Iliif. Soc, ii, T-JO, ISlW.

2 i and o 9. — ])ody and wings dull (xdireous. Head bi-own in front.
Fore wings with a bread dark shade, limited very disliiiclly on each side l)y

■ii) V U

314

brown lines; llic inner line ))ogins consi(leral)ly within the middle of the
costa, and cnrves ouhvard (the curve very deep), and ends in a large, dark,
lAAouii paU-ii just iieyond the middle of tlie inner edge. The outer line is
mneh less eurvcd, and is situated midway between the inner line and the outer
edf^e. The deep, regularly rounded, subapical sinus is bordered with brown,
and there is a short, brown, linear, transverse streak on the inner edge, mid-
way between the inner angle and the black patch. Hind wings with two
line, brown, parallel lines, both bent at a right angle in the middle of the
wing. A l)lack dot at the base of tlie third point. Beneath, clear ochreous,
paler than above, with no markings except fine scattered strigse.

Length of body, J, 0.25, 9, 0.25; of fore wing, ^, 0.38, 9, 0 38;
expanse of wings, 0.75 inch.

West Farms, N. Y. (Angus, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc); Demopolis, Ala.
(Grote).

This singular moth, with the peculiar cut of the wing, is so unlike any
other that it will be easily recognized.

CALLIZZIA, mr. gen.

liody short ami thick; head short, very broad, much as in CaUedapteryx,

but the front is much In'oader. Male antenn;x' simple, a little compressed,

lincly ciliated. Palpi as in CaUcchpterijx. Fore wings entire, subfalcate,

but the costal edge much arched, the apex being much rounded; outer edge

obfuiue, l)ut entire, with a faint angle in tlie middle. Hind wings with a

deep hollow in the outer edge, armed with three unequal acute teeth, the

middle tooth being smaller than the others and situated near the middle ot

the hollow. The teeth are much smaller than in CaUedapknjx, and the inner

angle is less rectangular. Venation : three very long su1)Costal veins arising

near the inner fourth of the wing, as in CaUedaptcnj.r, the third sulidividing,

ibrming a short apical fork. The tifth subcostal venule is thrown oH' on the

inner third of the sixth subcostal; while in Cn/M(q)trri/.r it arises in the

middle. The internal vein is as straight as usual. Alxlomen short and thick.

Hind legs short and thick; liliiic swollen, with large unequal spurs; tarsi

two-thirds as long as the tibiae.

The single species known is pearl-gray, gaily marked with dark, distinct
lines.

This beautiful genus nuiy be recognized l)y the broad, short head, the

iniicli-roiiiKli'd ii|K'X of I lie liirc winus, llir cosla Itciii^f very convex, and

In- the notclifd. Iiidcnialc hind winus and the dcru'alc iiround-cclor and

niaikiiigs.

C iLLIZZIA AMOUATA, sp. iKir. I'lalc 1(1, li^. o.').

3 <i . — Hody and winijs nnit'onnly |)('arly-asli. Fionl dark (liocolalc-
brown. Fore winirs with two dark lines, which aiise wide apart on the costa,
curve onfward, and unite jnst li(d)ind the third median vein, and then lin'ni a
trianirnlar inclosni-e on the'innei- edye of the wiiiif. Jnst Ixdow the a|i<'x is
a dark, trianiridar inehisnre, limited hy a distinct brown line, the ajx'x olilnse
and directed toward the base oC the winir. Fringe sliirldlv checkered with
brown, otherwise concohn'ous with the wini,^ ISoth \\ini;s witii scattered
l)|-owu strigjv. Jlinil winiis with two snliparalh-l (hirk lines, the inner (jiiite
regidarly curved, the outer with a large, sharp aiiijle in the middle ol' the
wing. .V tew n:ai'ginal dark dots on the outer ediic near the last point.
Beneath, dull pearl-brown ash, with no markings, but a I'ew lin<', scattered,
dark striga'. Legs a little more dnsky than the winus.

Length of body, c^ , (1.25; of lore wing, J, 0.40: expan.sc of wings, O.b'5
iueli.

((|nebec (Ticv. F. X. 15elangcr) ; ]\Ionlreal, Canada (Lyman) ; Albany,
N. Y. (Lintner).

This beautiful and siuirnlar si^'cies may lie recognized by its three-
toothed hind winiTs. the antt'rior pair being entire, by its delicate pcarl-asli
tint, and the meeting and separating- of the two lines formiuir a larac triangle
on the inner edge of the hind wings; also liy the large acute angle made liy
the ontei" line on the hind w i}igs.

Subfamily ACIDALIX^E Htcplicns (emciul.).

Sulitribo .icUlulilcs \)n\t., Cut. Lcp. Kiir.. "271, 1S41.

Suh(:mi'\\)' Mclanthkii (ill part), AvidaUdi (p. '21:!) Stepli., Cat. I'.rit. Lc|). '.ilS, ami Tuiuiiidiidi (in part)

Steph., Cat. 225, 1S50.
rainily Addiilidiv (icieu., Pbal., i, ii'i, 18.">7.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Miis., xxiii, 7.")", 18j1,

Head usually short, and broad in front. Palpi usually sliort and weak,
extending but slightly beyond the front. Ant(^nna' usually simple (sometimes
])cctinated). Fore wimrs usually slightly suhfalcate. Hind wings a little
l)ent on theouttM' edge. \ enatitui : usually a sidicostal cell (s(nnelimes two);
the first subcostal venule is usuallv verv lonir, oriunnatinif at the sidicostal cell.

t

I'

;11G

AlxloiiK'ii Itnig and .sk'iidcr. lliud legs in soiiil- species with swuUeii tibiaj
wifliout s])ur.s: tlic tarsi in sneli cases very short.

Liircd (111(1 i»(p(t. — "Caterpillars slendei', without tuVicreles, eylindrlral
or eariiialed ; with liie head as hroad as the prolhoraeic ring; living con-
cealed under low plants. Chrysalides eylindi ico-coiiieal. brown, contained in
cocoons under dchris, or in the eartli." — Gueue'e.

Syjiopsh of the Genera.
A. Antenna' pectinated :

Aiilciiii;r bi(i:iilly [luftiiKilril ; \viii5;s vory ani^uhir Culuthyminis.

I). Antenna' simple; llrsf sulieostal venule very lo'ng:

Wiiiijs very loiij;; two Kuboost:il colls; tliu iiKlcpi'iMlciit vi-iii ncarti- tlio .siil>ciiNt;i1

vein than usual tuduiihilia.

Wiuj^s \< i\ liin^ : lure wings tiiau{;iil:ir ; ouu subccjstal cell; head briiatlcr in front

I ban ill AuUUiJia A'o/.v.

Hind \\inys aiiynlar; jialpi very long; two subcostal cells; abdomeu longer and

slenderer t ban usual ' 'irntmJalia.

Foro wings with costal region broad; costa artbcd ; bind wings nnicli rounded Aslluiia.

W'ings sligblly angulatcd ; palpi sliort ; a single subcostal cell (two iu ossh/(i'«) Aiidalia.

C. Antenna^ ju'ctinated on basal two-thirds:

Head broad ; first subcostal venule sliort Eplijirn.

LlUe KpUijro, but wings scalloped Euiithijin.

CALOTIIYSANIS Ilill.ner. riatc 3, fig. 18.

Caliilhijsaiiis (in part) Hiibn., Verz., 301, ISIS.
EiiiivtnoK Treits. (in Jiarl), Sebui. Eur., vi (i), :i, lt^27.
Tiiiuiiiiliu l.)up., Lep. France, vii (iv), '224, lSd9.

lioisd., (Jen. Ind., 2i7, ISJO.
Ih-ailijcpehs (in part) Stejdi., Nouieucl. Viv. Ins , 44, ISJ'J.
Acidaliu H.-Scb. (in part). Scbui. Eur., iii, 12, 1S47.
Timundra Lederer, Verb. I5ot. Zuijl. Ges. Wieu, 11)4, ISj'J.

Gucu., riial., ii, 1, 18."j7.

Walk., Lep. Het. l!r. Mus., xxiii, ''.)7, 18G1.

r>ody Ion;: iind slend(,'r. Head longer than in AckIhIIu ; front very long
and lull, broad, where that of Acidaliu is utirrow and sunken between the
eyes. Antenna:? of the male broadly pectinated, plumose. Palpi long and
slender, extending well beyond thehfad; third joint very long and slender.
l'>yes not so large ;ind full as in Aridalid. Wings larg(.'; fore wings lidcate,
costa very full a[)ex sharp, outer edge much hollowed below the apex, scal-
loped ; hind wings square, tln^ angle in the middle of outer edge produced into
a long sharp point, the etlgc scallo[)ed, inner angle squtire. Venation: much as
in AciduUa, the subcostal cell longer and the outer end stpiarish, the first sub-

317

(■()s);il vciHili' arisiiiii' ri'iiiolrly Iroin its \i'i:i: in .irlt/ii//(t. the venule arises
(lii-eclly I'lDni 11, llie end nl llie cell lieinij ;iciile. Leirs very lony- and slender.
Hind Ici^s vcMT lonjj; ; lihia' not swollen: spnrs loiii,^ ; (arsi nearU' as loiig as
the tilii;i'. Abdomen reacdniig heyond (he hind aiiiile. ( 'oloi-alion : lirown-
isli-ixdireons, \\'itli daiker lines, the exiradiseal sonu'tinies liroadly shaded.

This genus may at once iie known li_\' (he |)lumose male antenn;e, the
lalealc fore wings and vei'y aciilely-aniiled hind w in^s.

Larra and jiii}i(i. — '' L'aterpillars carinated on the sides, much swollen
on the t'onilli s<'gment ; head small, a little s([iiar;sh ; living concealed nndi'r
low [dants. (Mirysaliiles sleiuh'r, swollen heneath, with the head |ii-olonged
into a point ; resting between leaves.'' — (iuenee.

Calotiivs.vnis amatukaria Packard. I'late 10, tig. .'54.

Timaiidm amaliiniria WalkiT, Lrp. ]|i't. Uv. Mils., xxxv, HUM, ISiij.

7 d and 2 9. — Pale liiwn ; verle.x a little jialtM-; front a little darker;
antenna' of the same color wiih the icst of the body. Fore winiis dusted
with scattered brown s[)ecks ; three dull-i)iid<, often brownish, lines on the
lore wing; inner oldique, curved hair-line in the middle of the wii:g; a
sliirht transverse discal dot ; an outer ()l)li(ine line ij;oinij slrait;lit Irom the
middle of the inner margin to near (he apex, where it almost touches the
sui)nuirL!:iiial line, and is then curved ]\avk u|)on the eosta, Ix'connni: nnudi
narrower and almost obsolete ; the submari;ina! liiu' slendeicr than the outer
line, and siiiua!e, having a great curve a litlk' Ixdow the middle of the wing;
toward the apex it becomes oblique, dark, uncurved, aiid ap[)ears as if the
continuation of the outer line; edge cd" wing deej) pink, fringe pale, inter-
rnpted at ends of venules with pink spots. 'J'wo similar lines on hind wings;
!)asal sometimes i)r()ader than (niter, slightly .curved, M)metim(>s straight;
outer lino parallel with it, a little curved; edge of wing and Iringe as in linv.
wing; beneath, slightly paler than above, and llecked with large ti-ansverse
jjink specks; discal dot transverse; lines as above, but deeper |)ink. In
some specimens, the lines appear dull and tlided into lu'ow ii. Female larger
(inner lim- wanting in one rubbed specimen), with the outer line more angu-
latcd in middle; of the wing thim in the male. The deep jjink-brown of the
win^s and lines in some cases becomes dull, almost pure brown.

L(Uigth of body, S, U.^^fj ; of lore wing, t? , 0.50, 9, 0.(;(; ; expanse of
winy;s, FOo-l.S'i inches.

C

318

^

Albany, N. Y. (Lininer); Pliiladrlpliia, I'a. (Ent. Sue, and Clemens);
Illinois (Clemens) : Alabama (Orot.'); Dallas, Tex., May 17 to June 2G, not
very rare (Boll, i\Ius. Peab. Aead. Sc); ^larylaiul (Mus. Comp. ZouL); Law-
rence, Ivans. (I'roi'essor Snow).

At once known by the I'aleate wings and ])iidv lines and specks on the

under side.

In oni- sp(>(imen from Texas, the extradiseal line Ibrms a broad brown
shade on ])otli wings.

EUACIDALIA Packard. Plate 3, fig. 15.

luiaridalia Pack., Fiftli Kf'P- I'eal). Acad. Sc, 00, 1873.

Though the head and legs are nmeh as in Acidalla, yet the wings are so
much elongated, especially the hinder pair, that the species to be described
below must form the type of a distinct genus. Head much as in Acidalia,
the front being rather wide and flat; palpi short and small; male antenna;
slightly denticulated and densely ciliated; in f(!male, simple. Fore wings long
and narrow, much produced toward the apex ; outer edge very oblirpie.
Hind wings very long and narrow, oblong, not reaching when expanded the
end of the alxlomen, with sometimes a deep notch in outer edge. The vena-
tion ditlers from that of Acidalia in the presence of two sul:)Costal cells.
The independent vein is nearer the subcostal vein than usual. Legs as in
Acidalia.

The two species known differ from those ^li Acidalia in the long, narrow
wings, and rounded hind pair; while they dilfer from Eois in having two sub-
costal cells. The coloration is not very nnilbrm, one species being pale
brown with dark tine lines, and the other ornamented with bright pinU

bands.

Si/jiiipni.i of tJie SjH'cirs.

SilUy-Kray E. senccaia. '

Baudoa with pink E. Jlondaia.

EuAciDALiA SERicEATA Packard, Plate 10, fig. 35.

Enandut'ia scricear'm T.ick., Fifth Rep. TcaU. Acad. Sc, 09, lS7;i.

o (? and 1 9. — Uniform glossy ash-gray. Vertex of h<"ad and antenuin
white;; front and palpi dark brown. Fon- wings with an inner line formed of
three dark spots, one on snlieostal, one on median, and tlu; thinl on subme-
dian vein, and all situated on inner third of wing, the subcostal spot much

larger lliaii tin' ntlicrs ; aii (infer, straiirlit, dark, vci-y sliiililly-iiil<'rrii|)lc(l lino,
jiarallcl w illi tlic dulcr cdLri'. I"'riiiu;f coiicolorniis with the wings, a dark line
at l»aM'. lliiid wiiiijjs witli im markings ; coiicolorons w it h primaries. No
discal dots on cither wing. IJenealh, as ahovc, ■\vitii a common dark hne,
straight on lore, nuich cnrved on hind, wings. Fringe, especially on hind
wings, with sl.\ dark spots.

Length of l)ody, J. 0.30, 9, 0.23; of lore wings, S, 0.35, ?, 0.27;
expanse oi" wings, 0.77 inch.

Dcmop(di.s, Ala.(Grote); Texas, May 10 to July (Belfrage); I )allas, Tex.,
July 7 (13oll, Mus. Peal). Acad. Sc).

This interesting form may at once Ijc known hy the long wings, the
liindi'r pair lieing notched, and hy the dull silky-gray color.

EuACIDALIA FLORIDATA, K2>. )iov. Plate 10, fig. 3(!.

2 (?. — Fore wings of the same shape as in E. sericedto, l)ut the hind
wings are more rounded and not uotclied. Grayish-ochreous as a ground-
color. Anterior half of tlie front, palpi, and fore legs at ])ase pink. Fore;
wings piidi on thecosta; a bright pink spot near tlie l)ase of the wing on
tlie inner edge; just beyond, a very ol)lique pink l)and ; a parallel, slightly
narrower, submarginal band ; cA2,e of the wing pink. Fringe dull ochn'ous.
Three similar [)ink bands on the hind wings. Beneatii, l)oth wings uniforndy
dull pink.

Length of Ijody, <? , 0.25; of fore wings, J , 0.27-0.35 ; expanse of wings,
0.(i0-0.70 inch.

Dallas, Tex., Aug. 23, Octol)er 2 (Boll, :\rus. Peal). Acad. Sc).

KOLS Iliibner. Plate 3, ligs. IG, 17.

F.oU Hiilm., Veiz., 308, 1S18.

AiUlalia Treits. (in part), Sclini. Kiir., vi (i), o, 182T.

Fidoiiiii Dup. (in part), L<?p. Fiance, vii (iv), 407, 1>''.J'J.

Jlijriu Slupb., Nomeucl. Dr. lus., 45, ISiO.

Aculalia H.-.ScIi. (in part), Scliin. Kur., iii, 1'2, 1S47.

Jlijria Stcph., Cat. Br. Lep., 217, l^oO.

.UUIdlia LfiU'rir (in liart), Verb. I!jt. Zool.'Cis. Wiiii, 101, 1853.

Uijria Giien., Thai., i, 428, 18.")7.

Head small; front broad, subtriangidar, narrowing considerably ante-
riorly. Palpi long, slender, upcurvcd, slightly projecting beyond the head.
Male antennae very slender, simple. Fore wings much elongated; costa
straight, except toward the apex, where it is arched : apex much ])roduced.

320

siiliaciile : outer fdiic very oliliiiiic \'eii;ir:()ii : one narrow, linear, sulirostal
cell (in ferrn^inald open) ; (lie second and third snheosfal venules nnieli shorter
than ill Acidalia, |)arallel, and near tiie apex; the origin of the tirst and
seeond median venules more remote than usual. Iliiul wings mueh rounded
on the outer (Ml;;-e. The hind lei's in the male rather smaller tlian the mi<ldh'
pair, and more or less aliorted, when well developed; tibia; shorter than the
I'emora, with no spurs; the tani longer than the til)iii\

Tlie moths of this gen'us differ from Jc/chilia l)_v their small size, the
triani,ndar, pointed fore wings, the well-rounded hind vvings, and the l)roailer
IVoul of the head. They are usually reddish-ochreous, with two darker eom-
mon fnu's. E. gem/iiatii is, however, ochreous-white, with a broad, conspicu-
ous, (hirk-lirown ])and common to bolh wings.

Larva. — "t-aterpillars eltmgated, eai-inated, nattcned on the l;ack and a
little less so lienealh; head deeply notched on the vertex, with slnut hairs,
the prothoracic I'iug with two pyramidal tubercles, and a third smaller one
between them; living on low ])lants. (Jhrysalides subterranean."' — Guenee.

Si/nojisis of llie Sjiccies.

\

Wbitisli, witU a brown, common, broad, central banil F. gimmafa.

Like (jcmmaitt, but Iar;fi', and with a heavy submargiiial line /.'. oic'uhiiliita.

Ivcddisb, witli bro\vni.sh lines E. fcrriiijiiialti.

EolS GEMMATA, q). fwr. Plate 10, fig. 37.

2 (^ . — Whilish-ochreous, of the lint o\^ Aciilal'iti ciniclcala. Head in front
and beneath ami \y,\\\n brown. On l)olh wings, a liroad common band, oecu-
jiving the mi(hlle (hii'defthe wing; the baml curves outward from the cosia,
is toothed on lli(_> lower subcostal venule, and again extends outward on the
lirst and second median venules, while below is a broad, deep sinus; on the
inner c:dgc, the band is deeply sinuated from the costal edge to (he middle ot
the submedian sjjace; the edge of the band is of a rich lirown, and in tlui
middle are patcdu's of a dull purple-brown. I'oth edges of the iiand on tin;
hind wings arc; dentlculaled, there being three obtuse teeth on the inside,
and two acute teeth on the outside; jnd beyond this band is a faint, dlll'use,
dusky line, and a submarginal one cmnmon to lioth wings; l:eneath, slightly
paler tluiu above, with tin; connuon dark l)an(l, and the shade next to it
liiinlly leproduced.

Lenglli of body, f, 0.22; (d' fore wing, cf , O.iSO ; expanse of wings,
O.GO iiich.

^"

321

Waco, Tex., iMiiy 12-22 (]5clliaj,ro, Miis. I'cah. Acad .Sc.) ; Cl.-ar Crcck
Canon. August (P. K. Uliler, Ha^dcn's Survey).

This l^eauliful, delicate, little species differs lioni the oilier easferu
species in its wliitisli color and the l)road, sinuate, mesial, brown hand. It
closely resembles the Calii'ornian E. orridenlafa, and may Ijc lound to inler-
grade with it.

Eois occiDEXTATA Packard. Plate 10, iig. 38.

Byria occidenlaria l';nk., I'roc. lio.st. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, -Ji), l>7l.

1 (?. — Fore wings with much the same shape as in E. aurora} ia of
Euro])e, though the a])ex is slightly more rounded, while the himl wings have
the outer ed<re more rotund. x\ntenna^ iinelv ciliated, l^odv and wiuiis
very pale tiiwn brown, tinged ver\- liiintly with vinous; vertex ol' head palo;
front and pal|)i dark l)rown. Fore wings clear pale fawn, with the middle
occupied with a broad dark hour-glass-shaped band, wider on the front edge
than on the inner; the inner side quite regularly hollowed out, the outer side
produced outward in the middle, with two acute parallel teeth, and a third
below situated farther within the wing; below this, the band dilates on the
~, inner edge, while on the costal side it goes nearly straight to the costa ; a
diffuse, taint, submarginal shade. On l)o1h wings, a row of venular, marginal,
black dots; friuije loiiir, silkv, concolorons with the wing. Hind wings with
the same markings as on the fore wings, but with the submarginal shade
rather more distinct; the broad baud has two larger teeth on the outer edge,
and the shade beyond has two zigzag angles parallel with it. Obscure yel-
lowish discal dots on both wings (distinct under a lens). Legs pah;, fore
femora and tibiaj dark. Beneath, smoky, the bands being replaced by diffuse
smoky lines.

Length of body, 0.24; of fore wing, 0..'53 ; ('xpanse of wings, 0.66 inch.

California (Edwards).

This fine species differs from the eastern sjx'cics {E. gemmata) to which
it is structurally closely allied, in having rather darker wings, with the submar-
ginal band much darker, while the liirm of the nuddle baud is (piite different.

Eois ferrugata, sp. ?ior. Plate 10, fig. 39.

4 J and 4 9. — Body and wings bright brick-red; head in fronf deep
reddish-brown. Fore wings with three dusky lines, the two inner parallel,
41 p H

•)•)

slii^litlv sinuous, the s]):k'(' usually lillcd up with dusky-ltrown, Ibnniiig a
hroiul baud with its outer edge eiubraciiig the distinct discal dot. The outer
line is wavy and curved outward regularly from the costa to just below tiie
third median venule, where it is !)ent outward on to the inner edge. Beyond
this line the wing is usually clear, Init in some specimens is dusky-browr.
except on theai)ex. A dark marginal line; fringe on lioth wings coneoloroiis
with the rest of the winir. Two wavy lines on ihr. hind wings, the inner
situated just within the distinct discal dot; th(,' outer line is curved, sinuous,
the curve outward being greatest behind the middle of the wing, and near
the inner edge is a deep sinus; beyond this line, the edge of the wing is
nsuallv clear, but sometimes dusky reddish-brown. Beneath, much as above,
with a common extradiscal wavy line, situated half-way between the discal
dots and the edge of the wing ; the hind wings have an ochreous .tinge,
concolorous with the under side of the abdomen.

Length of body, <^, 0.30, 9, 0.2()-0.25 ; of fore wing, S, 0.35, 9, 0.30;
expanse of wings, 0.(50-0 75 inch.

Amherst, IMass. (Professor Peabody) ; Demopolis, Ala. (Grote) ; Waco,
Texas, May 27 to June 5, August 20, September 30 (Belfrage, Mus. Peal).
Acad. Sc).

This pretty species looks like a Pyraustu at first sight. It is closely
allied to the European E. auioraria. I did not see it in the British Museum
or in M. Guenee's collection. It may be known by the pale brick-red tint
and the dusky reddish-brown shade situated within the middle of the wing.

CERATODALIA,* gm. nov. Plate 4, fig. 1.

Head with the front not very broad, subscutellate in shape ; the sides
j)arallel; eyes large, spherical. Palpi remarkably long, passing by one-half
their length beyond the head ; second joint very long, growing a little wider
toward the end ; tiiird joiiit slender, pointed, not so long as the second joint
is wide. Antenna' of male simple, ilattened, ciliated. Fore wings subfalcate,
costa much arcln'd, a])ex produced, but not acute, a little rounded ; outer edge
oljrHjuc, l)ut straight in its course, much less convex than usual. Hind wings
square, the angle of the outer edge very marked, the edge somewhat scal-
lo[)ed. The venation is much as in AcldaHa, but there are two subcostal
cells; the second subcostal vein arises half-way l)etvveen the first and third,

" arpnln, IVflrr (nlliul'mji' ti> llw |i;vl|iiis'), nnil t\ii/.i,,r, iii\ilinl(>f;icnl liaiiic.

\\ liilf ill Ari(hi/i(i till' origin ol' liic .scroiul subcosliil is ii.sua.Uy very rciiintu
tVoni llie iirst subcostal; the median venules are shorter than in Acidalia.
Le<>:s very loni;- and slender; hinder pair slender, the tibia' not swollen, iinl
long and slender, with two pairs ol' large, long spines ; tarsi two-thirds as long
as the tibia'. >Male aixlonien very long and slender, ('oloration: wings thin,
glossy gray, with pale-yellow isii costal s|)ols, with two innch-cni'ved, sinuate,
faint lines.

Tiiis genus is remarkable for the extremely hnig pal|)i, while the i{)re
wings are mucli arched on the cosla, and the angle ol" the hind wings is large
and prominent. The venation diti'ers chielly from Acidcdla in there Ix'ing two
subcostal cells.

Cer.'Vtodalia gueneata, Kp. nor. IMafe 10, (ig. 40.

8 c^ . — Body and wings ash-gray, with a silky luster. Head i)rown in
front ; orl)its much paler. Fore wings with eight or nine pale-ochreous,
irregular, costal s[)ots, with about si.\ indistinct lines, which are paralh'l and
bent outward below the costal region nearly at right angles; the limr inner
lines arc dark and indistinct ; the fifth line is a continuation uf oik; of the
yellow' costal spots; just below the costa, it is curved inward, and then makes
a rectangular bend outward, and thence goes obliquely to the outer third of
the inner edge, curving in a little on or just below the third median v(!in ; a
sul)marginal scalloped light line; a tine Idaekish marginal line on both wings;
fringe pale gray, spotted with blackish. Hind wings with two much-curved
pale shades, the cuter bent at right angles and parallel with the outer edge
of the wing. Beneath, highly colored ; basal two-thirds of wing (hirk lirown,
mottled with light dots near the costa; a dark discal linear dot; half-way
between the dot and the outer edge of the dark-l)row n area a dusky line,
bent at right angles opposite the dot. The iirown area is limited by a repro-
duction, very distinct, of the whitish line, which makes an acute rectangular
bend opposite the discal dot, the angle being situated half-way iietween the
discal dot and the apex of the wing. Beyond this line, the wing is much
lighter, mottled with white, with deep-ochrcous slashes, the veins deep
ochreous, and the fringe as above. Hind wings with the same markings as
above. Legs brown, ringed and spotted with whitish.

Length of body, S, 0.4.'3 ; of lore wing, 9, 01)'); expanse of wings,
1.05 inches.

324

Victoria, Vancouver Island, July (Crotcii, Mns. Comp. ZoiU.) ; Californiii
(Edwards).

The long palpi, the sqnare, ungled hind wings, the silken brown-gray
wings, and the peculiar markings on tlie under side, the colors reminding one
of the under side oi' a Glaucoptenjr, and the very slender alxlomen, charac-
terize this peculiar species, which is named in h()iu)r of M. Guenee.

ASTIIENA HiiWner. Plate 4, fig. 2.

Aslluna Hiibii., Veiz., 310, 1818.

JcidoHa Trt'its. (iu part), Sclim. Eur., vi (i),3, 1827.

Diip., Lop. Frauce, vii (iv), a'21, 1829.
"Ciimaiida Sodoft"., Hull. S. I. Mosc, 18, 1837."
Acidalia Boisd. (iu part), Geu. luil., 227, 1840.

H.-Sch. (ill part), Scbiii. Eiir.,iii, 12, 1847.

Steph., Cat. U-p., 221, IS.'.O.
Cidaria Lederer (in part), Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wieu, 253, 1853.
Asthcita Guen., Pbal., i, 434, 18.57.

Walk., Li.st Lep. Ilet. Br. Mu.s.,xxii, 073, 18(il.

Hea<i luirrow in tront; sides of front parallel; eyes large, globose. Palpi
very slender, not reaching the front. Male antenna; simple, as in Acidalia.
Wings much as in Acidalia, but shorter, not subfalcate; apex mucli rounded;
costal region ratiier wide. Hind wings much rounded, sometimes with a very
slight angle. Venation much as in Acidalia; a single subcostal cell; the
diflerences tVom Acidalia are mainly due to the diiierences in the shape of
the wings. Hind legs well developed ; tibiae long and slender, the spurs
unusually long ; tarsi not much more than half as long as the tibiae. Abdo-
men of male very long and slender. Coloration : white or ochreous, with
four to si.x transverse, sinuous, darker lines.

This genus dilfers very sliglitly from Acidalia, and mainly in the more
arched costa of the fore wings, the i)road costal region, and the rounded apex.
On these accounts, 1 originally mistook our albogilvaria for a Cori/cia.

Larva. — "Caterpillars short, moniliform, swollen in the middle, very
attenuated on the anterior segments; lluttened beneath and carinated on the
sides daring locomotion; head very small and globular; living exposed on
trees. Chrysalides contained in leaves or in moss." — Guenee.

:V2:y

Si/nojtsis of the SjM'.rics.

White, bands yellow I. ntliotjiliarUi.

Will to, lijuul.s brown, aiiix tijiped with Iiiowii /. hrunncifanc'taln

White, front of head brown, base and middle of \vini;s brown and ochreous /. lucala.

ASTIIENA AI.HOtilLVAl.MA 1 'ilckaid. I'ljltr lO, fiiT. 41.

Acidalia alboiiilraria Mornwinlll, I'roi-. IJiist. Soe. Xal. lli.st.,.\vi, 1!)1, 1-<71.
Corycia Iriseriala Pack., .Si.xtli Rep. Peab. Acad. Se., ,')(), IbT'l.

4 (? and 4 9. — T'lirc wliilc Front oC head with a lew ocliieoiis .-scales.
AntcDun' wliitc, faintly tin;Lj;f(l with dark. Kye.-; l)hicU. Fon- winir.s .slightly
dusky beneatli on l)as(' of costa, with three rather l)road ociireous lines; tlie
inner a little wavy, regularly eiirved, llic two outer wavy, the middle witii
three .scallops pointing outward and the line about- twiet? as wide as the outer;
the lines are sometimes cquidi.staut ; sometimes the two outer are nearer to-
gether. Hind wings with two wavy lines, the inner very near the discal dot;
(Vinge white, discal tlots black. Beneath, pure white, w ith tiie two outer lines
indicated on the costa. Hind wings ]Hire white.

Length of body, <?, O.oO, ?, 0.25: of fore wing. S, O.nC, 9, 0.40;
expanse of wings, 0.80 inch.

White Mountains, N. H. : ]?everly, Mass., feeds on the elm (Burge.ss);
Andover, 3Ia.ss., July (Sant)orn, JIus. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.) ; Amherst, Mass.
(Goodell); Mount Tom, Mass., July 2 (Morrison) ; Albany, N. Y. (Lintner);
Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef ) ; West Farm.s, N. Y. (Angus).

This pretty species may be at once recognized l)y the three sinuous,
broad, ociireous lines on the fore winijs, and two similar ones on the hind

vvmgs.

ASTHENA BRITNNEIFASCIATA, xp. nor. Plate It), fig. 42.

4 9. — This species clo.sely resembles the eastern A. alhogilnaria. but is
rather larger, though the shape of the wings is the same. IJody and wings
snow-white. Antemur sj)otted with lilaekisli above; a pale-i)row ii transverse
line in li')nt of the anteiiiue. Fore wings with three irregular, more or less
interrupted, sinuous, pale-brown bands, arranged as in the preceding species.
Ape.x brownish. J3ene;itli white : the lines do not re-ai)pear, luil the costal
region is brownish.

Length of body, 9, 0.2S ; of Ibie wings, 9, 0.45; expanse of wings,
0.90 Hich.

Victoria, Vancouver Island, July (Crotch, Miis. Comp. Zool.).

326

AsTHENA LUCATA Gucnc'e. Plate 10, fig. 43.

AsUwua luaita Giicii., rbal., i, 437, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. ll.-t. Br. Miis., xxii, (173, 1861.

2 9. — AViiiifs ol the saiiic shape a.s in jlie other species. II(>a(l in front
and tliorax oclircous-liroun. Winijs white; fore wings with the space
between Ihc hasal line and the inscrfion of the wing brown, n)ix(nl with deep
ochreoiis; a median very sinnate line just beyond Iiut tonching the discal dot,
and slill bcwond a broad, irregnlar, large, brown patch, rc|)resented on the costa
by tiiree spots, and below the third median vein by two lines; the patch
extends to tile indistinct submarginal line; apex clear white. On the hind
wings, the discal dot is distinct, and there are traces of two brown lines in
(he middle of the wing. Beneath, the discal dots on both wings are distinct:
on the fore wings are tliree indistinct scalloped lines, more or less diffuse and
blended; on the hind wings, traces of a single curved line just beyond the
discal dot.

Length of body, 9, 0.30; of fore wing, 9, 0.43; expanse of wings,
0.90 inch.

" Canada " (Gueiiee) ; Brunswick, Me. (Packard, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc.) ;
Dorchester, Mass. (Sanborn) ; Amherst, Mass., June 27 (Goodell).

This description should l)e compared with that of M. Guenee ; but I
have little doulit that the examples l)efore me represent a variety of his
species, but with the lines on the fore wings confused and blended. My
description should be regarded as provisional.

ACIDALIA Treitsclike. Plate 4, figs. 3, 3a, 3b, 3c; plate 6, fig 21.

Conmorliuc Hiibu. (in part), Vevz., 3ti6, 1818.

Eois Hiibn. (in part), Verz., :W«, 1818.

Lcptomcris Hiibn. (in part), Verz., 310, 1818.

Arrhoslia Hiibn., Verz., 311, 1818.

Idaa Treits. (in part), Schm. Eur., v (i), 44G, 1825.

Acklalia Treits. (in part), v (ii), 438, 1825; vi (ii), 5, 1628.

Ptychopoda Stciib., Nomencl. Br. Ins., 45, 182'J.

Dosilhi'ii Dnji., Lep. France, vii (iv), 108, 1821); viii (v), 43, 1830.

AciduUn Dnp. (i[i jiart). Lep. France, vii (Iv), 108, 1829 ; viii (v), 70, 1830.

Curtis, Brit. Ent., 384, 1831.

Boistl., Gen. Ind., 221, 1840. ' '

H.-Sch. (in part), Scbm. Eur., iii, 12, 1847.

Stci>h., Cat. Brit. Lep., 221, lt*50.

Leclcrer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wieu, 191, 1853.

Guen., Bbal., i, 444, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxii, CiSO, 1801.

Head very short ; front narrow, and sunken between the large globose

;]27

eyes. Anlcnnu' simple in Imlli sexes (e\ee|i( in .1. hisiilsdrin iiiid A. siihaltxitii,
where llievare well peel iniileil en llie li,-is;il hall'). I'alpi short, slender, |)()r-
rect : third joint short, not extendinii' nsnalU lievond the IViml. Kore winirs with
thecosta sliiihlly arcdied, sometimes very straii:hl; ;i|iex sometimes sliirhtlv
siibtidcate, outer edii'e usually Ix'ut slii:hlly (ui thelirsi median vemde. Hind
witiiis squarish, Ix'iit, or rounded. \ enation : usually a small, diamond-shaped
sui)coslal cell (in iiisuharid t here is no cell ) : the first sidicostal venule is some-
limes very loug, hut diti'ers much in leuirth in the diU'erent s|)ecies; in iiisul-
sarid, it is no louizcr than the second suhcostal venule. Hind leirs with the
til)i;v larire and much swollen; in the male with no spurs, or slender and
spurred, with all grades between; tarsi either one-iiinrth as long as the til)ia'
or as lung. (Jolonition : head often l)la(d< in I'ront ; body and wings white!,
whitish-oelireous, or brown and red, with from two to four lines on the fore
wings.

Larva. — "Caterpillars moderately long, but still slender, a little cari-
nated on the sides, stift, with minute transverse folds, slightly swollen on the
posterior rings; head a little smaller than the prothoraeie ring atul retractile;
living principally on low ])lants and hiding l)y day. Chrysalides sid)lerranean."
— Guenee.

This is a remarkably homogeneous gronj), and the species are nearly
always recognizable from the slightly-angulated wings, the sliort small head,
usually i)lack in front, and the slender, short, feeble palpi, and by the invari-
ably simple male antenna?.

The genus may be divided into three well-marked sections, as indicated
in the synopsis of the species. In A. ossulata, the venation dillers from the
other species by the presence of two subcostal cells, while the origin of fiie
first and second median venules is very far apart.

The most aberrant group is that re])resented by A. insiilsaria, in which
the costa of the fore wings is remarkably straight, and there is no discal cell
(plate 4, tig. o«); while the first subcostal venule is very short, and its origin
is situated beyond that of the liftli subcostal. These characters are certainly
of subgeneric value; but in other characters, tiie lliree species in this section
agree with the more normal forms. In the third and inghest section (C),
there is much variation in the venation and pioportions of the joints ot' tin;
leg, as well as in the degree of angulation of the winirs; iuit there is a com-
mon fades to the s 'clion. In no large genus will there prol>ai)ly l>e found a

328

irreater sliiftiiiir :ni(l viirialioii of stniclural cliaractcrs than in (liis, and yet it
is nearly alwny.s easy (o rcrognize an Acidalia.

I retain Treilsclike's name l"or tlie gronp, as Hiibner's Arrhostia only con-
tained five out of over one liundred European species, and his views of" the
irenus were vauue (■oiu|)are(l with Treitschke's. Prol)ubly fifty or sixty addi-
tional species are to l)e discovered n\\ this contincMit. But it is to be hoped
that isolated descriptions of tlicni will not l)e published.

Hi/nop.s)s of the Species.

ATLANTIC STATES.

A. Species small ; foi-(,' wings elongated ; hind wings rounded:

a. Ash-gray; fore whiijn mthfnur lines btyoitd ihe discal dot : j

Fore wiugs with outer edge convex (. ossulata. '

Fore wings with outer edge very straight ; apes jiointed A. pairrorata. K

l). intUc, irilh oclircous lines: ^

Small; wiugs uarrow ; much eloogated A. longipennata. .^

Like longipcnnaia, hat whigs hvondeT A. peralbaia.

Like peralbaia, but larger ; suhniargiual line often zigzag, and black or

oehreons ,(. piinclojimbriata.

c. J'ore icUuis long; hind iiings rounded:

Larger tluui any of the jirecediug ; silky-ochreous, with slightly darker

lines J. 2>roduciata.

B. Costa of fore wings very straight, paler than rest of wing; hind wings

short ; outer edge less convex than nsual :

Hind wings very short, less convex thau usual, triangular; pale greenish, with

numerous line obscure lines I. insnlsaria.

Reddish tinged with vermilion; costa reddish, and connected with three red-
dish transverse lines A. pannaria.

Like pannaria, but hind wings as in insulsaria ; costa of fore wiugs conspicu-
ously white ,,(. albocostaliaUi.

C. Of large size; hind wings iisiuilly angled; hind tarsi short:

W^hitish; no well-marked lines; fore and hind wings much rounded A. roliindopennata.

Perfectly white; very large; hind wings much bent I. nivosata.

Hind wings slightly bent, fawu-gray, with four distinct, slightly darker lines.. J. inductata.
Like induetata, but brick-red, and more hairy, with dark reddish-brown lines.. -J. sentinaia.
\Vhitish-ochr(!ous; hind wings distinctly bent; two ochreous lines common to

both wings; suuiller than enudeata .(. iinadrilineata.

Small. Wings narrow; hind wings very angular ./. eaaiminata.

Fore wings sublaleat(i ; whitish-ochreous ; hind wings much bent ; both wings

with heavy black lines and patches on the outer third A. cnudeala.

Wings subfalcate, nearly while, with two very distinct ochreous lines, common

to both wings j, ordinata.

PACIFIC STATES.
A. Diminutive; hind wings rounded :

Like 0S8H;<t(«, gruuite-gray j. granitaln.

■ I

:V2\)

15. Iliiul wings aiigulafcd :

Siiiiill, rcililisli-ocliriMnis; \viiij;.s iliisUy u( ba.sr; ii siil)iMai-j;iM:il row ol' Idack

points /. riihromarqinaln.

Like .1. induclata, grayish-ochreoHs, with two comniuii daik hues I. (■aliforniata.

Like tlio iirecediii;;, Imt rcdilisli, willi ilcrp, conspicuous, red, wavy lini's /. riibiulincala.

Like i>-Hnfata, but wini;,s liluiiter, and outer edf;e of hind winj;s rounded ; two

outer lines on ibre win^s, much nearer toj;ethir than usual; white. . ...f. Hulmlhala.

Wings subfalciite, wliite, with five dusky lines on the fore win^s ; four toiu-

iiion to botli wings J. :'t'-liii«iUi.

AflDALIA OSSULATA GilCln'c. l^liilr ID, (iiT. 44.

f.eplomerhi omularia lliihner-Geyer, Saniml. Kxot. l,ep. /,n(r., 'J7, figs. 90'.), !)10, 1837.
AiiilnHu ossiilaria Guen., I'hal., i,'47r), 1H.">7.

W.ilk., Lep. llet. Br. Mus., xxii,7i;), ISGl.

12 S and 20 9. — 01" small size, with lieavily-ciliatcd male antenna?;
the fore wings long and narrow, outer edge long, obliciue, ([uite tall; liind
wings produced considerably toward the well-roniide<l apex. Body and wings
uniformly ash-gray. Fore wings witii tliree blackish extradiscal lines common
to both wings; a basal, dark, well-marked line, sometimes situated half-way
between the base of the wing and the fir.st extradiscal line, sometimes much
nearer the latter; it is Ijcnt at right angles on the subcostal vein. The first
extradiscal line is more or less sinuate, heavier, sometimes much broader tlian
the other lines, and varying slightly in its distance from the distinct, round,
black discal dot; the next line is linear, wavy, parallel to the first extradiscal
line, and either a continuous line, or scalloped, or formed by a series of l)la(dv
dots; the next line is a sul)marginal shade, jiarallel with tiie outer (>dge of
the wing, slighth' diverging toward the costa from the secotid extradiscal line;
triuye on both win<js concolorous with the rest of the winji:. lliud wings
with the outer edge rounded, not bent; discal dot situated on the inner third
of the wing, no lines within it. Beyond it are three lines, sinuous and par-
allel to each other, the outer one paralhd with the outer edge of the wing;
the lines arc as on the fore wings; the innermost either runs just beyond the
discal dot, or it nearly touches it and sometimes nearly includes it. B(Mieatli,
a little dusky, otherwise the same as ai)ove, with (he three lines well marked,
and hardly less clear than above, contiguous to each oth(>r and common lo
both wings (the second one often heavier than the others) ; mari:inal row of
black dots as on the upper side. Hind legs either well developed, with the
tarsi very long and equaling the tibia3 in length, or sctmetimes partially aborted,
short and small, not half as long as the middle pair; tarsi a little shorter,
42 p H

>QQ

OO

sometimes not much more than half a.s long as the tibitt ; the latter not
swollen, and without spurs.

Length of body, <?, 0.25-0.30, 9, 0.27; of fore wing, <?, 0.30-0.3;;, 9,
0.35; expanse of wings, O.CO-0.70 inch.

Beverly, Mass., August 10 (Burgess); Natick, Mass., July 24 (Stratton);
Springfield, Mass.,,[uly 1!) (Uimmock); Amherst, Mass. (Professor Peal)ody);
Pliiladeli)hia, Pa. (Anier. Eiit. .Soc.) ; Demopolis, Ala. (Grote) ; New Orleans,
La. (Salle, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc.) ; Waco, Texas, May 28, June 27, July,
August, September 14, October 24 (Belfrage, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc.); Dallas,
Te.\as, April 2 (Boll) ; "Pennsylvania''- (Hiibiier and Guent'e).

This common and widely-diffused species may be recognized by its
diminutive size, the ash-gray long wings, the heavily-ciliated antenna?, the
cilia unusually stout and arranged in pairs, the three l)lackish extradiscal lines
equally well marked on the upper and under side of both wings. It varies
in size and the disposition of the lines.

AciDALiA GRANiTARiA Packard. Plate 10, fig. 45.

Addaliii (jraiiiUina Pack., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, :tt)0, 1871.

3 S . — A smaller species than usual, of a granite-gray, slightly tinged with
brown. Body dusky, with conspicuous white scales; tarsi white; abdomen
ringed with white; tipped with white. Antenna? witii curved liristles. Palpi
dark. Head rather dark. Liner half of tore wings uniformly black-pepper-
eolored, inclosing a. l)lack, round, rather prominenT discal dot, just l)eyond
which is an oblique, slightly waved, pale, whitish band, bordered externally
with a black line, most ])rominent on the inner edge of the wing. Beyond this
line is a narrow white line, broadest on the inner edge of the wing Beyond
is a brownish, broad, diffuse band, with a row of longitudinal white spots just
beyond, with brownish scales between the spots. On the edge, at the base of
the fring(^, is a row of white spots, each spot with a dark ])atcli on the outer
edge, consisting of a few lilackish scales. Fringe concolorons with the rest
of tlie wing. Hind wings marked the same as in the fore wings and colored
the sauK!; just beyond the conspiciujus discal dot is a brown line; beyond is a
broader pale band, lined with Idack and wiUi a narrow whitish line beyond;
then succeeds a diffuse brownish band, and the outer edge and fringe are
marked in the same way. The same markings are repeated on the under
side of tlu! wing; the discal dot is less distinct than above ; beyond is a dis-

IVA 1

tiiicl, sinuate, lilackisli liiii' iiii a wliitisl. Ilrld, and sfill hcyoiid is a Uniwn
line hall" as wide as on (lie nppi^- side ol' tiie win^^; tlie edire ol" the wing is
whitish, with line inteiveiiular Mack sjxits, and the iVingo is checkered with
i)lack opposite the ends of tin' venules.

Length of liody, ()."2o ; of fore wing. 0 28; expanse of wings, O.flO inch.

California (Edwards).

niil'ers from the other species here noticed liy its diiiiinulivo size aiul
granite-gray color. It is ( losely allied in form and size, as well as the style
of inarkinirs, to the eastern .(. osaahild.

AciDALlA PKUIKROKATA I'ackard. Plate 10, lig. 46.

Acidalui j)crinorala I'ack., Fifth Kep. Ptab. Acad. .Sc, 71, lS7:i

6 if. — Compared with A. ofisulata Guen., with which this species struc-
turally agrees, the wings are much produced, and the primaries still more
acute. The front of the head is not colored dillcrcntly from the l)ody, and
the palpi are stout, porreet, but not passing beyond the front ; body and
wings, including fringe and ])iilpi, ash-gray, paler than in A. ossulutn. Vmv
wings crossed by three dark, distinct lines (often obscure) ; they are obrupie,
w^avy, but not sinuate, being straight in their oblique course : inner line remote
from the base of wing; second line runiiing just beyond the tine dark discal
dot, nearly touching it, and much nearer the outer than inner lin(!; outer line
straight, parallel with the outer edge; tringe pale gray, speckled finely with
dark, dark at base. Hind wrings paler than primaries, discal dot more distinct,
with three faint lines beyond the discal dot. Beneath, much as above; more
densely dusted than above on both wings; posterior half of primaries, except
on outer edge, clear whitish ; discal dots more distinct than above ; the two
outer lines on the fore and three outer lines on the hind wings distinct.

Length of body, <? , 0.25, 9, 0.2o; fore wing, <?, 0.38, 9,0.36; expanse
of wings, 0 77 inch.

Waco, Texas, June, July, August (Belfrage); Dallas, Te.xas, April 2-')
(Boll, Miis. Peab. Acad. Sc).

This peculiar species has the front not dark as usual. i)nt concolorous
with the body; this, with the ])ointed lore wings, with their long, very
oblique outer edge, which is much less convex than in A. ossulata, the dark
fringe, straight lines, and densely-dusted wings, will separate it from any other
species known to me.

332

AciDALiA LOKGiPENNATA Packard, riatc 10, Hg. '17.

Adtlalla hnijiptmuitu Pack., Filth Kcp. I'eal). Acad. Sc, 71, 1S7H.

1 i and 4 9. — A species with unusually lung wings, the apex of the
primaries greatly ])n)diioed, wiiile the hind wings are well rounded. The
uuilc antennte arc almost sul)pectinated, the bristles arising from acute tuber-
cles; female antcniue filiform. Body and wings snow-white; palpi white,
very slender; iVout of head brown-black; four small distinct discal dots.
Primaries willi ihree nearly e(iuidistaut, sinuate, wavy, rather broad, oclireous
liiK^s: the inner one sinuate, remote from the base of the wing; the middle
one runs very near the discal dot, and is less sinuate than either of the two
others; outer line deeply curved twice; fringe jiure white. Hind wings like
primaries, but with two ochreous lines beyond the distinct discal dot. Be-
neath, both wings a little dusky, more or less thickly speckled witli dark scales,
with a conspicuous dark hair-line half-way between the discal dot and outer
line on both wings. A row of dark marginal spots, as usual, on the upper
and under sitle of each wing.

Length of l.ody, J , 0.37, 9 , 0.25-0.30; fore wing, S , 0.33, 9 , 0.30-0.38;
expanse of wings, 0.80 inch.

Texas, May 2-8, September 24 (Belfrage).

This pretty snow-white species may be readily recognized by the long,
pointed primaries, the slender white palpi, subpectiuated antenna^ and three
di.stinct, sinuate, ochreous Ixmds on the fore wings. The fore wings are longer
tiuin in A. assalata, while the hind wings are more rounded. It ditlers from
A. peralbata, to which it is nearest allied, by the longer and narrower wings
and its smaller size. The markings are very similar in the two species, but
in hmgipennata the discal dot and extradiscal line of the hind wings are situ-
ated farther from the base (»f the wing than in paralhata, this line in longi-
pcnnata being a little outside of the miildle of the wing.

AciHALiA PEKALi'.ATA Packard. Plate 10, tig. 48.

Acidalia jumlbata Pack., Fifth Rep. Pcalj. Acatl. Sc.,70, IST-i.

1 ,i and 5 9. — A small species with wings of the usual form, not being
elongated. Head white above, including antenna^- ; front black-l)rown ; palpi
white, with a few brownish scales. Body and wings pure white, the latter
with a few dark fine specks and tour disitinct dark divScal dots. Fore wings
crossed by three wavy, sinuate, ochreous lines, the first and second a little

333

nearer toge'lif"'" <l':"i t'le second and tliinl, (he seeond toiicliing tlie discal spot :
tli(> oilier (or third) line is iniieli more wavy than tlie inner two; il reaches
near(>st, to the oiit(M- (uliic of th<' winir on the second median venule. The
mariiiiial hhudv points distinct. Hind wiiiiis Hke the primaries, with (wo
lines, the outer mon; zigzag than on llie primaries, the inner rumiimr just
beyond (he discal spot.

Kcnealh, the discal spots larger than above, (he ba.sal line not present,
(he two ou(er lines dark brown, (he inner (he iainter and touching the discal
dot, (he on(er l)r()a(l, conspicuous. The marginal row of black points present,
while the wing is dusted ipiite thickly with brown scales. Hind wings with
a line a little beyond the discal dot. the outer line distinct (sometimes (he
inner line is wandng on both wings heueath). Fore and middle femora and
trochanters brown in front.

Length of body, J , —I 9, O.^f) ; fore wing, ^, 0.35, 9,0.35-0.39;
expanse of wings, O.SO inch.

Texas, ]\ray and June (Belfrage).

This pre((y spc'cies dill'ers from any odier white species known to nu;
by (he (hree yellow-ochreous lines and dark lines beneadi, and the clear black
discal dots, as well as its small size and broad wings and whitish palpi.

AciD.\LiA PUXCTOFiMBRiATA Packard. Plate 10, fig. 49.

AcUluIiu piiitcto funbriala I'ack., Fifth Iti-p. Pfab. Acad. Sc, 70, lS7:i.

1 <? and 9 3. — Closely allied in structure and shape of wings to vl. ;>e;'rt?-
bata, though a rather larger species. Body and wings whitish-ochreous, wi(h
fine dark specks. Vertex of liead and antennae a little v.hiter (han body;
front of head and palpi dark I)rown. Fore wings cro.ssed by fiv((dnll obscure
subochreous lines; the inner bent ou(war(l sharply just below Ihe costa;
second line broader than the others, nearly touching or ])assiug a little beyond
the discal dot; third line fine, sometimes black, but distinct, waved, some-
times sliar[)ly scalloped, and sinuous, situated half-way l)etw(;en (he discal dot
and Older edge. Two oi)sciire, somewhat diU'use, snbmarginal lines. Edge
of wings with an interrupted dai'k-brown line. A rowof l)lack i»oints (al)ont
eight) in (he fringe;. Hind wings marked like l()re pair, except that (here are
but four lines. Discal dots black, distinct on cnich wing. Beneath, the discal
dots distinct, black; and one prominent l)lack fine line on lioth wings half-
way between the discal dots and outer edire.

oo4

Ln)ir\h (.r body, <?, 0.30-0.-^5, 9, 0.30; (ore wings, <f , 0.30-0.40, 9,
0.40 ; expanse of wings, 0.82 inch.

Texas, Septeml^er (BellVage) ; Pliiladelphia, Pa. (Anier. Ent. Soc).

Tliis species is marked by the black points on the fringe of both wings,
as well as by the five subochreous lines and blackish palpi.

In the Pennsvlvanian example, tlie third line is black, more distinct, with
the .scall<)i>s ending in sharp points; bnt the markings on the hind wings are
as in the 'I'exan specimens. It is a little larger than any from Texas.

'J'his sjx'cies is near Walker's Acidalia tadurata (])late 10, tig. 71), bnt
the extradiscal line is situated much farther beyond the tliscal dot in the latter,
and the line beyond is less sinuate and situated nearer the edge of the wing.

Acidalia. productata, sp. nov. Plate 10, fig. 51.

2 3 . — Head as usual; fore wings long and narrow, very much produced
toward the apex; costa much arched toward the apex; outer edge very
obliqu(!; hind wings nuu;h rounded, slightly bent on the outer edge. Body
and wings pale ochreous tawn-color. Head while between the antenujc, black
in front. Palpi short, not projecting as tar as the front, deep ochreous.
Occiput and front edge of the thorax a little deeper in tint than the rest of the
body. Fore wings with three oblique firm lines, slightly darker tiiau the rest
of the wing; the middle and outer lines are much nearer together than the
middle and inner; tiie middle line runs a little beyond the slight discal dot.
On the hind wings, two faint darker lines, the inner one running close to the
sublinear indistinct discal dot. Beneath, the discal dots are as distinct as
above, and there is a line on the outer third of the wing more distinct than
above, and common to both wings. Hind legs long and slender; tibiiu long
and slightly swollen ; tarsi half as long as the tibise.

Tj(!ngth of liody, J, 0.35; of fore wing, t?, 0.50; expanse of wings, 1.05

inches.

Phihuh'lphia, Pa. (Amer. Ent. Soc).

This delicate species has remarkably long fore wings, with the outer
edge very oblique, and three faint fawn-colored lines; indistinct linear discal
dots, and the hind tarsi are half as long as the tibiae. There is no species
to which it is nearly allied. It is related in some respects to A. eriHcleata,
though widely differing in the shape of the wings.

335

AciDALlA IXSULSAKIA Cuiriic'c. Pliilc 10, lig. f)!' ; plulc lo, (ig. o2, pupa.

Acidalia itwuhana Giicii. ! ! !, I'luil., i, Kii), 1857.

Walk., Lt^p. Ilct. Br. Mus., xxii,71rt, 18G1.
Acuhilia pasimiluta Grotel!!, I'loc. ICiif. 8oc. I'liila., i, :!I7, pi. '.i, fi^j. 5, ISVi'.i.

8 S {111(1 8 9. — A delicate species,' with very triaiigiilar wings, especially-
tli(! liiiid wings, which are loss curved on the outer edge than usual, liein<f
nearly straight (liul slightly heiit), and as long as the inner edge; outer edge
scalloped with tine points. Antenna! and space hetwtacn silverv-while; in
the male, jx'ctinatcd on the hasal hall'; Iront ot'a peculiar greenish lawny hue;
])alpi ]iale, upcurved, and passing l)eyond the Iront, slender. Both wings
alike, with a peculiar luteous linire, and a very dull, slightly greenish, tiuije,
without any distinct lines, luil llecked irregularly with darker scales, with a
subniarginal waved, white, (d).-<cure line, dotted with lilack on tlu; venules.
Discal dot re[)resented by raised scales. Edge of both wiuirs dark, slightly
scalloped; fringe very long, slender, a little unetpial ; on the edge, a slight row
of dark points. Beneath paler, with the sul)iiiarginal row of iniimte black
])oints present.

Length of body, <?,0,jO, ?,0.28; of fore wing, S , 0A2, 9.0 38: expan.-<e
of wings, O.lb-O.HiJ incli.

Maine (Packard, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc); Chelsea, Mass, September
(Sanborn) ; Andover, Mass. (Sanborn) ; Salem, Mass., July 18, at light (Cas-
sino); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus) ; Buffalo, X. Y. (Grole) ; Albany, N.Y.,
August 20, September 4 (Lintner and Meske) ; New Jersey (Sachs) ; Waco,
Te.\as, October 21-28, November 13 (Belfrage) ; Dallas, Texas, May 4-12
(Boll, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc).

This very delicate luteous species, witli an almost imperceptilde greenish
tinge, is, on both wings, Hecked irregularly with darker scales, with no lines,
except a subniarginal, waved, tine, white line, with black points, on the
venules. It may also be recognized by the short hind wings, with the outer
edge much less convex than usual. Its range is wide, as it was one season
common in Maine, and appears to be frequently taken in Texas. This com-
mon species is M. Guende's insii/snrici, as I learned by examination of his
type-specimens; it is also Mr. Grote's perslmilata, as 1 have rec(!ived, through
his kindness, several type-specimens. The larva I have reared on Celastrus
scamlens at Brunswick, Me., but, unfortunately, preserved no description of
the caterpillar. Mr. Belfrage has also reared it in Texas, and sent me the
pupiie.

336

Pupa (plate 18, fig. 32). — Flattciied; ilic Uiorax above is produced into
two car-lii\e projections al the insei(ii)n of tlie wings, somewhat as in Epin/ra
pendiilinorla, I he anterior end of tlie body being bi'oad and truncate. The
general cok)r is horn-colored, with lighter streaks, and two dorsal rows ol"
black dots. Length, 0.38 inch.

AciDALiA PANNARiA Gueuc'e, Plate 10, tig. 53.

Acltluliu puumiria Gueu., Phal., i, 470, ISfiT.

Walk., Lrp. Hot. Br. Mils., xxii, 718, 1861.
AchJaHa piirpitrinftata Grote ! ! ! , C:ui. Eiit., iii, 10:!, 1871.

3 9. — Like A. insuharia, the fore wings being triangular, the costa
very straight, and the hind wings* short, Init the outer edge of lioth wings is
fuller, and the inotli is laru^er and stouter. Bodv and winsjs reddish-brown.
Head deep reddish, concolorous with the fore legs. Front, thorax, and costa
of fore wings with three well-marked, clay-yellow, much waved, nearly
parallel lines, concolorous with the yellowish costa ; the inner line is bent
outward a little on the median vein and widens on the inner edge; the
middle line is nearer to the outer than the basal, and both middle and outer
lines are much waved, curving out below the costa and again on the second
median venule; the two outer lines are edged irregularly with reddish; half-
way between the inner and middle line is a long clay -yellow discal streak;
a marginal row of clay-yellowish distinct dots. Fringe reddish. Hind wings
with three well-n:arked, clay-yellow, wavy lines, as on the fore wings, with a
marginal row of dots and reddish fringe. Beneath, yellowish tlesh-colored,
tinged with reddish, especially on the outer edge of both wings; costa yel-
lowish : no lines or discal dot.s.

Length of body, 9, 0.52; of fore wing, 9, 0.40; expanse of wings,
0.80 inch.

Demopolis, Ala., July (Grote).

This well-marked species may be recognized by the resemblance in form
to the common A. insuhaila, by the reddish color, and the three common
wavy yellowisli lines proceeding from the yellowish costa, and the marginal
yellowish dots. I am indebted to Mr. Grote for type-specimens. It agrees
exactly with M. Guenee's description.

AciDALIA ALliOCOSTALIATA, qj. flOD. Plate 10, tig. 54.

1 9 — Very near A. paiinaria in the shape of the wings, Init the costa is
a little straighter, the apex very acute, indistinctly subfalcate, and there is a

:]:57

slight bend in tlii' ouIcm- rt\uc. 'I'lic liiiid wiiiirs arc much lis in //. iiisti/sdiia,
Ihc outer vihrc hi'iug very straiiihi. Tiic palpi arc loiiir and slmch-r, curved
up, and surpassing the I'roul a liUle. Iteinii lonirer than usual. Uodv and
wings ch'ar nuhlisii-hrow ii, ol' a (hdler line \\\i\n A. jxtnudrid. Vvuu\ cdue
of thorax and cotjta of lore wings creani-wliite. htrininir a hroad and con-
spicuous l)and. Fore wings wilh two slenih'r, ch'ar, white iiair-lines; tiu"
inner curved and renu)te iVoni the outer, wliich is sinuous, heiii<f curved
outwanl on the median vein: a submarginal row of l)hK'k fiiint scaUops ; a
marginal row oC black points. Fringe concolorous with the win<{s. Hind
wings marked like the anterior pair, \vith a single cl(>;ir, distinct, while line
beyond the middle; four ecpial, dusky, (lilfus(! discal dots; beneath, lli'sh-
calored clay -yellow, mi.xed.with reddish-brown; the discal dots distinct.
Xo lines on the fore wings; a faint <lusky shade beyond the middle ot' the
wing, while the black marginal dots are reproduced

L(Mii>:tli of body, 9, 0.32; of f()re wing, 9, 0.40; expanse of win<rs,
0.70 inch.

Demopolis, Ala. (Grote).

This remarkable species differs from any other of th.' genus by its
brick-red body and wings, contrasting with the thoracic and costal broad
conspicuous white liand, and [»y the two tine distinct lines on the l()re wing.s,
as well as the submarginal row of dusky triangles and the niar<rinal row of
black dots.

ACIDALIA EOTUNDOPENNATA, Sj). not. Plate 10, tig f)i).

2 (f . — Fore wings rather short, much rounded on the apex; older edge
moderately convex. Hind wings nnich rounded, not l)ent on the outer
edge, which is very convex ; the inner e(lg(( regularly rounded, not sipiare, as
usual. Body and wings cream-white, very finely dusted with brown, the
speckles finer than usual. Head l)lack in front; palpi very short and small,
not reaching nearly as far as the front of the head, pale, concolorous wilh
the rest of tin; body. Fore wings with oidy two parallel, very fine, indis-
tinct, blackish, sharply-waved hair-liiu's, common to both wings, the outer
of the two lines situated on tlie outer fourth of the wing. No discal dots on
either ])air t)f wings. Fringe on both wings cream-white, concolorous with
the wings; a pale ochreous slightly-scalloped liiu' at the base of the Iringe.
Wings semihyaline; tore wings a little dusky Ix'ueath, wilh (bffuse linear
4;? i> II

338

(lisoal (lots on Ijotli pairs of wings, with a single dark wavy line half-way
between the discal spot and outer-edge of the wing, common to both wings.
Hind tibifB long, not dilated; tarsi longer than the tibiai.

Lengtli ol' liody, S, 0.40: of fore wing, <?, 0.50; expanse of wings,
1.00 ineh.

Brnnswick, Me., July 10, not eomuiou (Packard, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc).

This is an interesting species, witli very small palpi, semitransparent
wings, much rounded at the apex and on outer edge of hind wings, with
two very faint, much waved, dark lines, the outer very distinct on the under
side, and with the hind tarsi longer than the tibiae.

AciDALiA NivosATA Cluene'e. Plate 10, fig. 56.

Acidal'ta nivonaria Gucu., PUal., i, 409, 1857.

AValk., Lcp. Het. Br. Miis., xxii, 723, 18G1.

5 <? and 2 9 . — Of large size ; costa of fore wings much arched, espe-
cially near the base; apex subacute; outer edge full but not bent; hind
wings square, with a prominent angle in the middle. Body and wings nni-
t()rmly snow-white, with no markings or discolorations. The front of the
head is rather narrow and white, tlie upper edge of the short, slender palpi is
discolored witli blackish, but the terminal joint is white. Fore wings slightly
discolored along the costa; four discal dots visil)le on the' under side, not seen
above; some specimens are entirely white. Fore tibiae dusky on the inside;
hind tiljia^ considerably swollen, with two jjairs of unequal spurs ; the tarsi
two-thirds as long as the tibiie.

Length of liody, <f 0.50, 9 , 0.50 ; of fore wing, S , O.GO, 9 , 0.63 ;
expanse of wings, 1.20-l.o0 inches.

London, Canada (Saunders) ; Essex County, Vt., July 28 (Cassino) ;
Maine, August (Pcickavd) ; vicinity of Boston, Mass. (Sanborn) ; Easton, Pa.
(Stultz).

This species, wiiile closely resembling^, enucleata in size and the shape
of the wings, dill'crs in the narrower t^ont of the head, the more arched base
of the costa of the fore wings, and the jtresence of tibial spurs; it is much
slighter. Well-])reserved examples show the four dark discal dots and dusky
tint on the under side of \\\v, anterior tibitic and along the jialpi. Other
examples are inniuiculate, au<l justify Gnenc^e's remark that this is the only
example known to him of a Lepidopter "entirely white in all its parts''.

ACIDALIA KlIliROMAUGINATA Pilckiild. I'lutc 10, fiiT- •'J7.
Acidaliu nibriimanjbuiria l'a<-U., I'loe. Host. Snr. N:it. Ilisl., xiii, ;'>'.M, 1871.

6 c? iiud "J 9. — IJroun, willi a reddish linl. IJody ami l)asc of Itotli
wings ferruginous dnll lirown ; holli w iiii;s dnsky reddisli-i)ro\vn at i)ase ; on
lore wings, this linl extends to a little lieyond tlie middle of the wing, its
outer edi;-e irregular, aiiaulated in tiie middle and excavated licdow. In some
speciineiis, it is crossed just i)efore the middle of the wing Ity a slightly
oblique, dark line, on i. Iii(di rests an irremilar row of light-brown scales: in
other specimens, the inner half of the wing is entirely (lusky-i)rown; ix-yond,
the wing is of a (dear tawny brow n, with a siibmarginal line curved and slightly
waved, either entire or nuuhi n|» of l)lack dots on the venules, (connected l)y a
slight line; this line is paralhd with the outer edge of the basal dark area: ;i
rntirginal row of black dots; fringe deep bri<d\-red. Hind vxinus the same;
the dark portion at base extends nearly to the middle of the wing, and the
broken, wavy, curved line of dots is half-way b(;tween this and the outer <'dge;
fringe brick-red, contrasting well with the clear lawny brown of outer two-
thirds of wings. Beneath, uniformly pale lawny brown, with a common, diffuse,
waved, middle line, doulded on the anterior half of liiiul wings, iiudosing a
narrow, oval, irreiiulai' spot, and a verv faint submariiinal row of ininute black
dots; fringe red.

Length of body, U.28; fore wing, 0 35; expanse of wings, 0.81) incdi.

Xahant, Mass. (Moring) ; Dallas, Texas, April 4 (Boll, Mus. IVali. Acad.
So.); Central ilissoiiri, May (Riley); Lawrence, Kans. (Snow); California
(Edwards).

The Nahant example diH'ers from the others in the dusky band ol' IIk;
fore wing being nearer the base of the wing, while the outer dark line is less
sinuate below the costa, though agreeing (piite widl in the latter respect with
one or two Califoriiian examples. The specimen from ^lissouri does not diller
Irom those Californian examples in which the base of the wings are clear,
not dusky, nor does it ditfer in size. The Kansas and 'J'exan examples dilfer
from all the others in their diderent tint, being inoiT decidedly wine-reddish.
Both pairs of wings are (dear at base; i)nl in the foi'e wiu<:s is a median ditfuse
shade, which, however, does not extend on to the hind wings, which an- clear,
unitormly reddish, as in the liire wings, and with only a single lilaek line, con-
sisting of connected black dots: the line is less sinuous than usual, and sit-
uated farther from tin; edge of the wiiii,^ than usual. The species may be

340

known by the squarish hind wings, its deep-red color, and the very sinuous
outer Hue common to both wings, and by the basal two^thirds of both wings
being often blackish.

AciDALiA iNDUCTATA Guonee. Plate 10, figs. 58, 59.

Acidalia imhiclata Giuai. ! ! !, Phal., i, 494, IS.'i?.

Addalia friijldaria Milschler, Wiener Eut. Mouats., 44, taf. 1(1, fig. 1, 1860.

Acidalia inductata Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Miis., xxii, 721, ISfil (uot iiidi(cfala p. 792).

Acidalia olahai-ia I'acli., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,xi, 43, 18G7.

1(1 c? and 8 9. — Fore wings subacute at the tip; outer edge not bent;
hind wings slightly bent on the outer edge, but decidedly less so than in A.
A-lineata. Head with the front black ; verte.x, body^ and wings of a uniform
light grayish-ochrcous, being darker and more grayish than in A. enucleata.
Palpi blackish above and at tij) (sometimes entirely' grayish). Bolh wings
alike, and speckled with scattered fine black scales. Fore wings with three
well-marked, parallel, darker lines, and a fourth fine, wavy, paler, submarginal
line, all equidistant, the third sometimes darker than the two inner and decidedly
wavy ; a marginal row of black linear marks ; a distinct discal fine black dot,
just within the second (extradiscal) line; on the hind wings, the dot is just
without the same line. Hind wings with three darker lines; fringe on both
wings concolorous with tiie rest of the wing. Beneath, colored as above,
perhaps a little more dusky, but the lines are darker, more wavy, the second
common line much waved, the scallops acute, the marginal black points
distinct. Hind tiljiae .swollen, dilated, fringed on the edge; tar.si slightly
longer than the tibia\

L(Migth of body, i, 0.H8. 9, 0.30-0.38; fore wings, cf, 0.45, 9, 0.40-
0.45 ; expanse of wings, 0.80-O.V 5 incli.

I am inclined to regard Moschler's Acidalia fiigidaria (my A. okuharla,
fig. 59) as a climatic variety of this species. About one specimen, from Hope-
dale, I have no doul)t. The two other better preserved specimens are mor-e
densely dusted with dark scales, and the lines are consequently less distinct,
and there are no discal dots to l)e seen on either side. It may be regarded
as a melanotic variety of the common and wide-spread A. inductata.

Brunswick, Me., June 1(> to July 30; Salem, Mass. (Packard, Mus Peal).
Acad. Sc.) ; White Mountains, X. H., late in August (Scudder, Mus. Peab.
Acad. Sc.) ; Mount Washington, N. H., July 4 (Morrison) ; Brookline, iMass.
August 20 (Sluirtleft; Mus. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.) ; Natick, Mass., July 17

:',4l

lo -24 (Stratfon, Miis. liosl. Soc N:il. Hist.); Amiicisl, Mass. ((Joodcll) ;
J^diidoii, Caiuula (Sauiidcrs) : ISiodlJyn, N. Y (Gracl) ; West Farms, N. Y.
(x\.ngiis, I\Iiis. Peal). Acad. Sc.) ; Brcwstcrs. X. Y. (Urolr); Oneida, X. Y.
(Ilawlc}); New Jenscy (8aclis) ; Lawrence, Ivans. (I'rotl'ssor Snow) ; (Jlen-
coe, Nebr. (Dodge).

This common species is as abundant as A. A-.li?iea/a in tlie Xorlliea.stern
States, and may be recognized I)y the oclircoiis-gray bo<ly and wings, the
blackisli I'ront, the hind tarsi being slightly longer than the tibia-, and by the
presence of discal dots and marginal lines; the wings are much less angu-
lated than in J. A-Iinenfa. 'I'here is no species in the Northeastern States
with which it can be conlbuiided. It is very (•losely related \o A.raliforniata,
but is much jialer, less hairy, with distinct discal dots. The examples from
Kansas and Nebraska (1« not diU'er from eastern ones, and show no apjjroach
to californiata.

I append my original description of^ yl. okakarin : — Very uniform, finely
mottled gray, with a pearly luster on both wings. Head with the vertex
whili.sli; antenna^ tinely ciliated, gray above, with blackish tine scales; front
black, orbits with a few gray scales. Palpi black, with a few gray scales
above. Wings with three dusty o!)scure stripes; the basal line oblique, not
zigzag, obsolete on the costa and inner edge; a mesial obliipie line; the outer
parallel line once waved, and flexed outward in the middle of the wing. Xo
discal dot or any other markings on cither wing; edge with a very narrow
tlark line; fringe long, concolorous with the rest of the wing. Ilind wini^s
with two Unes, the inner very obscure, the outer more distinct, curved, and
sinuate slightly in the middle ; edge of the wing and fringe just as in the tore
wing. Beneath, very unitbrm gray, but little lighter than aljove; at the base
of the wing, a pearly luster; darker on the costa and outer edge, with the
lines as distinct as above, the out(;r more so, and tlexed as above. No discal
dot on the fore wing; that on the hind wings is nearly obsolete. Legs dark
above, paler l)eneath.

Length of body, O.08 ; of fore wing, 0.4S inch.

Okak (Weiz) ; Hopedale, August 3, frecpient.

AciDALIA CALIFORNIATA Packard. Plate l(t, tig. HO.

AcklaUa califoruiaria Pack., Proc. Bost. Soc. Niit. Hist., xiii, 3tHi. 1871.
AckJatia parijicarki Pad;., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.. xHi, oDl, 1871.

(? and 9. — Snutr-brown; head and antennre and thorax (linker brown;
antennfB with long dense cilia, curved at the ends. AI)domeii concolorous

842

with the thorax. Wings of a unifonii snuff-brown, speckled inimitely with
l>lafk, especially along tlie costa. No basal line on fore wing; a prominent
dusky, diffuse, wavy, extradiscal line, obliciue, a little sinuate, parallel with
the outer edge of the wing; half-way between this and the base of the fringe
are two indistinct lines, the inner one more distinct and very wavy; a narrow
dark line along the base of fringe, w hich last is clear snuff-brown. A mar-
ginal row of distinct, minute, black dots. A fiiinf brown discal dot. The
same lines are repeated on hind wings. Beneath, scarcely i)aler than above,
witli the extradiscal line ])lack and very distinct, tiner than on the upper side;
the two other lines very faint, the inner one, however, in some specimens,
quite distinct and very wavy. A marginal row of small black dots; the base
of both wings is thickly speckled with l)lack scales.

Length of body, 0.y5; fore wing, 0.35-0.46; expanse of wings, 1.00-
0 40 inch.

Mendocino City, Cal. ; 8an Mateo, Cal. (A. Agassiz) ; SanzaUto, Cal.,
May 6 (Bchrens); California (Edwards); mountains of Colorado, July 22 to
August 29 (Lieutenant Carpenter) ; banks of Blue River, Middle Park,
elevation from 9,000 to 10,000 feet (Mead): Colorado (Mr. Ridings).

Having received more specimens from Mr. Edwards, I find that A.
jxicijicaria is simply a variety of californiaria, differing in its smaller size,
the more rounded apex of the fore wings, and the less oblique outer border.
The extradiscal line is blacker than usual and much less oblique, with a bend
inward below the median vein. Discal dot distinct, Iffack. Near the outer
edge is a pale, clear, irregular, scalloped line parallel to the outer edge, and
diminishing in width toward the costa. It is as common apparently in Cali-
fornia as its repre.sentativ<;, A. indiicfuta, is in the States east of the Rocky
Mountains.

AciDALiA .SENTiNAKiA Iliibncr and Geyer. Plate 10, tig. 61.

Hwmatopis sentinaria Hiibnor and Geyer, Zutr., !), ligs. 823, 824, 1837.
'^AspUatex siniriaria Christopli, Eut. Zeit. Stott., xi.x, 312, 18.58."
Acidalia Kpnriarin Moescli., Wieii. Eiit. Moniits., 42, taf. 10, figs. 0, 7, 18(i0.

1 <J . — Ant(Muiic very strongly ciliated, two pairs of cifKe to each joint,
much as in ./. luhio/inidta ; body rather more hairy than in the Californian
species. Dark reddish l)rick-])rown ; body and base of wings darker than the
wings. Fore wings rather narrow, with four blackish lines, the basal fiirther
from the insertion of the wing than usual, and united with the second line on

o4o

llic iiieditui vein. Second line zigzag, situiifed in llie middle ..j- thr wing.
Hair-\v;iy between il and the euler edgeoniic wing is the sin'ions extradiscal
line, accompanied exfrrnally l.v a liiini dark line. 'Phere are three line.s on
the hind wings. Beneath, ol'a dccidrd oelnvons lint, with i)]aek scales at the
hase, and two very dark lines common to both win<rs. Frini,^' above con-
colorous with the wings, beneatli witli a reddish tinge. l,,.as bright shinin<f

Length of luuly, ,} , 0.85; of Ibrc; wings, 0.47; expanse of wings 1.05
inches.

Okak, J^abradcn- (Mns. Peal). Acad. 8c.).

This interesting species differs from all the eastern ibrnis l)y its heavily-
ciliated antennae, its bright brick-red wings, whieli are pare odireous beneath.
It is closely allied to IIk; Californian A. ruhro/ineata, Ijnt rather darkei-, with
darker lines, and the body is rather more hairy than in th(! Californian species.
It (liflTers, in flict, from the Californian rubroHneata in those characters which
Arctic species are apt to have, viz, a tendency to melanism, a more hairv
body, and heavily-ciliated antenna'.

AciDALiA KUBROLiNEATA Packard. Plat(^ 10, fig. 62.

AciduUa riibroUncnna Puck., Pioe. Host. .Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, -JS, 1874.

1 <? and 1 9.— Closely allied to A. ccdiforniata. Dull reddish-ash; the
fore wings with four dull brick-red wavy lines (three on hind wing,'*). Body
and appendages, including legs, a little darker than wings, especially on the
under side of body, where there are black scales mixed with the brown ones.
Palpi stout and bushy, with unusually long hairs. Antenn;e with long dense
ciliag; beneath black, above pale brown. Wings a litth; darker at base than
externally; fore wings with a basal curved, reddish-brown line; an indistinct
l)rown discal dot; beyond, three parallel dull reddish-brown wavy lines, tiu!
inner twice as broad as the outer. An int(!rrupted tine l)lack line at the edge
of the frinire on both wings. Hind wini,^■< with three lines, the inner strai'^ht
the broadest and darkest wavy, within which the wing is dusky. Frin<f(! on
both wings reddish snuff brown.

IJeneath, tiie wings are a little clearer than above, with the two middle
lines very distinct, reddish-brown, the inner less wavy than the outer, the
wing within being dusky, edge of wing with the black line and fringe as al)ove.
Legs reddish-brown, tarsi paler, though with scattered black scales.

344

l.riinll, „1- l...(ly, /, 0.85, 9, 0.83; fore whig, cf,0.43, 9, 0.48; expanse
ol' wiiiy.s 0.1^5 iiicli.

Oalitbniia ( Kdwards).

This species is deeper hriel^-red liian usual, and the scales on the palpi
are loni^cu- and more spreading than usual, with four 1)rick-red lines crossing
the fore wings; the middle lin(> on hind wings is much more waved than in
A. californlata. It is very closely allied to A. sentinaria.

AciDALiA SUBALBARIA Packard. Plate 10, fig. 68.

AdiluVm xiihalhnria Back., Proc. Bust. Soc. Nat. Hist., svi, 2S, 1874.

1 c^ and 1 9. — Allied in general form to A. b-Hiieata, but with the apex
of fore wings much l)lunter. with the liind wings much shorter, and with the
outer edge rounded instead of angulated. Head and antennse white; front
with a l)road Idack l)and just below the insertion of antennse, which are well
pectinated in the male. Cream-colored, being whitish, with a very faint
ochreous tinge, whiter and less speckled, with darker scales than A. !S-lineata.
Primaries crossed by three light-brown lines, the basal shghtly curved, farther
'from the l)ase of the wing than usual. The two outer lines much nearer
together than usual, the inner one being narrower and less distinct; both are
less oblique than usual, and not waved. Discal dot obsolete. Hind wings
with a discal dot, and beyond the two parallel outer lines the same as on the
hind wings. Both wings with a narrow black line at base of the whitish
fringe. Beneath, cream-white; discal dots distinct on both wings, those on the
primaries largest; beyond them, a common, diffuse, dusky line, straight on the
lore wings. A fine, narrow, brown line at base of fringe. Legs white; fore
femora and tibiic l)lackish in iVont.

Length of l)ody, 0.80; fore wing, 0.47; expanse of wings, LOO incli.

California (Edwards).

In this s|)ecies, the wings are clearer whitish than common, especially on
the under side, an<l the two outer lines are nearer together than usual, while the
hind wings are shorter, and with the outer edge less convex than usual in those
species in whieli liic hind wings are rounded instead of angulated. The male
antennic are well pectinated, an unusual exception to their ordinary form in
this genus.

U5

ACIDALIA IJUADKILINEATA, .s;^ //ov. I'lillc 10, 111,'. 64.

<S (f ;iii(l G 9. — Fori" willies less acute iiuil liiiid \\iiii,r> lr>s aiii;lcil lliaii
'\\\ A. emtclmta. Fionl lilack, cxI rcuic odgc paler. J'alpi lalliei- lait^e. Iieavier
tliaii usual, iirojecliui;- \v<'ll lieydiid the IVont, and lilackisli al)()ve. Aiileiiiuc
of male whitish al)()ve, l)ciieatii testaceous, with a minute iViniie. Wiiifj.s
white, peppered over with hlack scales, witii souuMiines five (usually three)
rather broad, pale-oclireous;, oblique, lirni lines, the marginal one curved and
parallel with the edire of the wing; costal bordei- ochreous; I'rinifc long,
ochreous at l)ase. The same arrangement ol' lour lines on the hind wings,
the lines being very ecpial in size, thrc'c ol' them being a little Ijroader and
more difUise than the [)asal one. Beneath, the wing is sni)ochre()us on tlu'
costal and outer edge, usually with a dark scallo[)ed lin<' common to both
wings, and situated half-way between the discal dot and outer edge. Legs
white, fore legs brownish. Hind til)i;e ilattened and swollen, but less so than
in A. cnucleata., while the tarsi are two-thirds as long as the til)iie.

Length of body, <?, 0.38, 9, 0.;i5 ; of fore wing, J, 0 50, 9, 0.50;
expanse of wings, LOS inches.

Orono, I\[e., July 4; Brunswick, Me., July 10; Salem, Mass. (Packard,
Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc.) ; White Mountains, N. H.; Mount Washington, July 7
(Sanborn, .^Lis. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.) ; White IMountains, N. H., July 20-30
(Scudder) ; Mount Washington, N. H., July (Morrison).

Brookline, ]\Liss., June 4 ; Cambridge (Shurtleff, Mus. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist.) ; Central Missouri, April (Riley) ; Michigan (Miles).

This moth, where it occurs, is fully as common as A. enucleata^ ])ut
seems more restricted to the Northern States. It differs from A. cnucleata,
to which it is nearest allied, by its smaller size, the much longer hind tarsi
and shorter tibia-, the less pointed and angiilated wrings, by the want of any
discal dot and marginal black dots, while the extradiscal line is lirni, not
waved. It varies much in the number of the lines, there being often only
three lines on the fore wings and three on the hind wings, and sometimes
the lines are nearly effaced. It difl'ers from Walker's description of yJ. resfric-
tata in wanting any discal dots or submarginal lines, and in its smalhn- size.
On a comparison with Mr. Walker's type o'i A. restr'irtatd, kindly nuide lor me
by Mr. Charles 0. Waterhouse, assistant in the British i\hisenm, it proves to
be different. Mr. Waterhouse writes me that it "diifers from the specimens
[of yl. quadrillneat(i\ sent, in having the apical of the three transverse l)ands
44 r II

346

of" the Ibic-wiiig.s (lisliuctly tlexiious, the l)at>al band being scarcely visible.
'Jlic hind wings with the basal and second l)and vvider apart, and with a
conimencement of a band between the second and third band. There are
three niinnte l)lack dots at the apex of the fore wings. It is very closely
allied l)nt distinct.''

xVciDALiA CACUMiNATA Morrison. Plate 10, fig. 50.

Acidttlia cariiminnria Morn, Proc. IJjst. Soc. N:it. ]Ii.st., xvi, 194, 1874.

3 9. — Fore wings much elongated, with the costa rather straight,
slightly convex toward the apex, which is subrectangular ; onter edge slightly
bent, oblique. Hind wings remarkably square, the outer edge long, with a
very prominent angle, the inner angle sharply rectangular, and the inner edge
is short, much shorter com[)ara(ively than in A. enucleata, for example.
Palpi black, rather long and slender, passing slightly beyond the li'(jnt ; third
joint small, l)ut slender and pointed. Head black in front; vertex concol-
orous with the rest of the body and wings, which are whitish ochreous,
being of the same tint as in A. enucleata. Fore wings with the basal line
obsolete, represented by a few dark venular scales ; discal dot round, black,
distinct; a dull-reddish, extradiscal, very oblique, sinuous line, not running
very near the discal dot ; half-way between the discal dot and the outer line
is a series of large l)lack spots, Ijecoming large and confluent on the inner
edge of the wing; just beyond, a similar line, fading out toward the costa,
and more or less confluent with the; other line toward the inner angle; a
marginal row of large and conspicuous black dots. Hind wings with four
lines, the innermost reddish, running directly from the inner edge to the
distinct discal dot; l)eyond is a parallel, straight, reddish line, with black
dots; the third line is like the second, but simious, and with heavier black
dots, but with no reddish tinge; a curved, submarginal, black, narrow line;
marginal black spots as on the fore wings; beneath, paler than al)ove; discal
dots large, alike on l)oth wings ; a single, diffuse, irregular, lilack, sinuous line,
al)ont lialf-way between the discal dot and outer edge, and common to both
wings; submarginal dots distinct; a few dusky scales scattered over the
wings: sometimcis a submarginal shade, with a large dark cloud near the
inner angle. Abdonien with a row of black dots.

Length of body, 9 , 0.30 : of fore wings, 9 , 0.40 ; expanse of wings,
0.85 inch.

u

>-\ I

IJnm.swick, Mo. (Packard, Miis. Peal). Acad Sc.) ; " Mass., early in duly"
(Morrison); West Farms, N. Y. (Aiiifiis, Mns. Peah. Acad. So.) ; Pliiladcl-
phia. Pa. (Ainer. Eut,. Soc.) : Maryland (.>[iis. Comp. Zofil.) ; New Jersey
(Saclis).

Tliis remarkable (oriii may he recoirnized hy the lari^e and very dislincl
angle in the hind wings and the tliree black lines consisting of black dofs
on the outer fourUi of tlio fore \vin<rs, which are continiied on tln^ liind winsrs
and by the row of black dots along the abdomen.

AciDALlA ENUCLEATA Guencc. Plafe lO, tig. (J7. Larva, I'late 13, fig. 26;

pupa, lig. 2(irt.

Acidalia ciiiulcata Cueu., Pbal., i, 505, plate VJ, fijj. :!, 18.57.

Walk.!, Lop. Hot. Br. Mns., xxii, 7-->:!, l^Cl. ■■

20 (f and 5 9. — Of large size. Fore wings pointed at <lie apex, dis-
tinctly angulated on the outer edge. Hind wings square, the angle more
distinct than usual; outer edge slightly scalloped. Body and wings whitish-
ochreon.s. Head whitish on the vertex, black-brown in front; palpi blackish
above; tip blackish. Fore wings with three faint-ocbreous lines, the inner
oblicpie, faint, and parallel with the middle line, the latter bent at nearly
right angles t)elow the cosla, the outer or extradiscal line beni at ri<rht angles
below the costa, and below much waved. Belov^' the subcostal l)end,tiiis line
blends with a black patch, growing wider toward the inner angle of the wing.
Beyond is a ditfuse, wavy, black line; when the dark patch is wanting, there
are two wavy suhmarginal lines. Hind wings with three lines, the inner one
ocbreous, nearly touching the discal dot, running inside of it, the distance
between tl^e two outer lines equal to the distance from tin; discal <lot (o the
inner of the two lines, the two outer lines usually i)lackisii instead of ochre-
ous, and discolored as on the tc)re wings. A marginal row of black dots on
both wings; fringe on lioth wings concolorous with the restof the wings.
Beneath, whitish; costa ocbreous; discal dots on both pairs of wings; a
single dark, wavy, extradiscal line on the fore wings ; no lines on posterior
pair; marginal dots distinct. Hind tibia; of male very broad, dilated, no
spurs; tarsi but little longer than the tibia; are broad.

Length of body, <?, 0.52, 9, 0.50; of tore wing, J, 0.55, 9, O.CiO;
expanse of wings, L15-L20 inches.

Brunswick, Me., July 10, and later in the month (Packard, Mus. Peab

348

Acad. 8f.); Calais, Me., July 19; Brookliiie, Mass., July rj-29 ; Carver,
-Mass., July 2;5 (Sliurtlcff, Mus. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.); Natick, Mass., July 22
to 29 (Stratton, Mus. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.) ; London, Canada (Saunders) ;
Amherst, Mass. (Goodcll) ; Ess.ex County, Vt. (Cassino) ; Kennebunk, Me.
(Rev. Mr. Swan, Mus. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.); Albany, N. Y., July 12, August
15 (Lintner); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sci.); Brooklyn,
N. Y. (Gracf); Oneida, N. Y. (Havvley); Philadelphia, Pa. (Amer. Knt. Soc);
Easton, Pa. (Stultz) ; Waco, Texas, May 5-10, August, and September
(Belfrage, Mus. Peal). Acad. Sc.) ; Dallas, Texas (Boll); Central Missouri
(Riley) ; Lawrence, Kans. (Professor Snow).

This is our largest and most widely distributed species, ranging from the
Saint Croix River, Maine, to Waco, Texas. It differs from any other in its large
size, the acute fore wings, and the well-marked tine lines on the fore wings ; the
two submarginal ones, instead of being ochreous, are usually black and con-
fused into a large conspicuous l)lack patch near the inner angle, while on the
hind wings there are often three well-marked, black, wavy lines; sometimes
th(^ lines are so lieavy on the fore wings as to inclose dark round patches. It
is a variable species, but always easily recognized. It is evidently double-
brooded in Texas, the moths appearing in May and again in August; but in
New England only in midsummer.

Larva. — "Cater[)illar elongated, of a dark green, with the incisions and
a dorsal annular spot on each wing of a deep red; the under side dark roseate,
with a wliite stigmatal line on the posterior wings. It lives in the spring on
Rhexia lutea, and enters the ground toward the beginning of April. The
chrysalis is brown, and depressed on the Inick.'' — Guenee.

AciDALiA QuiNcjuE-LiNEAKiA Packard. Plato 10, fig. 65.

Ackialia 't-liiicaria Pack., I'roc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist, xiii, 389, 1H71.

5 <f and 5 9. — Wliite, speckled with minute brown scales. Head
white on the vertex; front l^lack; palpi white, edged above with black scales.
Antennae of male with long coarse hairs. Tiiorax and abdomen white; wings
white, finely powdered with brown scales. Fore wings witli five yellowish-
brown lines, the basal one on the inner fourth of the wing much curved on
the median vein; the second is the broadest and most distinct, going obliquely
from the outer third of the costa to the middle of the inner edge; half-way
between this line and the outer edge is a wavy slender line, parallel to the

;54i)

edge, and bctwccti i( and tlic outer cAizr arc two fainj, dill'usc. irni,nilar lines.
The outer lour of tliese lines arc' continued on the hind winir, the inner and

shortest one hcinj^r straiijht and distinct, the others nior • less waved: discal

dot minute, lilack, much larircr, and more distinct on hind wing. Tin- outer
edge of fore wing is narrowly edged with hlack lutween the venules, and
there are small hlack dots on th(> iiin^ri. oiipnsite the ends of the veiudcs •
fringe; white; costa testaceous above and on tin; undei- side. IJeneath, the
discal dots more distinct; l)eyond the di.scal dots on fore win>rs are two black
lines, the outer wavy, and on the hind wings one line only is present, beiii"-
wavy and situated nearer the outer edge than its fellow on the ujjper side;
wings paler than above; tiie innermost line on the l()re wings is often obsolete.

Length of body, 0.;^S-0.4S ; fore wing, 0.54-().(i4 ; expanse of wings,
1.10 inches.

California (Edwards ; Behrens).

This species is apparently common in the Pacific States, representing
and being closely allied to our eastern A. enucleata Guen.; it is also frequently
met with in Colorado. It was discovered by Lieutenant Carpenter, near
Denver, and near Kenosha House on the South Park road, four miles from
the Park ; elevation, 9,000 feet It was found in Clear Creek Canon l)y Mr.
XJhler (Hayden's Survey) in August; also at Blackhawk, July 2, Golden,
July 3, and Manitou, July 15 (Packard, Hayden's Survey). This species is
closely related to A. strigilaria from Central and Southern Europe, Russia,
and xVmur.

AciDALiA ORDiNATA Walker. Plate 10, fig. Ciii.

Acidalia ordinata Walk., Lep. Het. I3r. Mus., xxii, 72'i, 18G1.
Acidalia candidaria Pack., Fifth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc, 72, lS7;i.

Unusually glistening white, free from dark speckles. Body white. Head
black in front; palpi rather short, tip obtusely pointed, black a])ove and at
tips, beneath whitish ; antennte white, densely ciliated, Wings pure glisten-
ing-white, with three ochraceous lines, oblique, very slightly sinuate; inner one
smallest, not reaching the costa ; the middle one the widest ; submarginal
one more sinuate than the others, not reaching the apex. A narrow, marginal,
ochraceous line at base of the white unspotted friuire. Two lines of equal
width on hind wings, the inner one straight, l)enl a little jusl befi)re the costa;
the outer bent in the middle and a little inward. Beneath, entirely white;
costa ol fore wings tinged with pale ochraceous; lines very faintly reproduced

V

350

IxMieatli; body and legs with a slight ochruceuus tinge; hind tibitB greatly
swollen, white above ; hinil tarsi very short, only one-third longer than the
thickness of the tibia-.

Length of body, 0.50: hnigth of wing, 0.60; e.xpanse of wings, 1.25

inches.

Georgia (LeConte, Harris Coll.) ; "Georgia" (Walker).

It diflers from any northern species known to us by its white body and
wings being unusually free from dots, by the three parallel pale ochraceous
lines not reaching the costa of the fore wings, by the greatly swollen hind
ixWvji, and by the black palpi, white beneath. The specimen in the Harris
collection is considerably larger than Walker's, his example expanding one
inch. I have been able to determine Walker's species from a drawing made
under the direction of Mr. A. G. Butler from the type in the British Museum.

Desidenita.

Acidalia tnagnecaria Guen., Phal., i, 450. — " 24""". Ailes entieres, pulvei-
rulentes, couleur dc ronille, avec un Hsere terminal pen martpie, et les dessins
ferrugineux-fonces. Une ombre mediane commune passe derriere un point
cellulaire, et la base de I'aile est plus foncee, surtout aux inierieures. Puis / T
vient la coud^e, (^galement commune, fine, tremblee ou denticulee, suivie
des deux ombres subtermiuales ordinaires. On voit, en dessous, les memes
dessins proportionnenient plus marques. Antennes h cils assez longs et frisds.
Tete concolore, tres-velue. Tibirts posterieurs tres-epais, fusiformes, sans
dperons, avec le tarse de meme longeur.

"Californie. Deux 3 envoyes par M. Lorquin.

"Cette espt^ce est a. la Siden/ria, ce que la Pewc/iraria est a VOc/uata."

Acidalia sideraria Guen, Phal., i, 451.— "34'"". Ailes arrondies, d'nn
gris-argileux pulverulent et teinte de rougeiitre, surtout a la cute, sur les bords
et sur la frange, avec deux lignes medianes communes tres-paralleles, trem- i

bides, noiratres, et de fins traits terminaux noirs, prcsque contigus. bupen- ' / . \
eures ayant en outre une extra basilaire arqude et les traces, ^ peine visiljles,
d'une sublerminale claire. Dessous plus rougeatre, avec les memes dessins.
Antennes courtes, avec des cils longs, fascicules. Tibias postdrieurs reniles,
sans dperons, avec le tarse de meuie largeur. 9 plus petite (29"'"'), d'un
rouge plus clair et plus uni, avec un point cellulaire visible.

" Califoruie. Un<?,uno9. Ooll. Gn.

"A.— Plus petite (27"""). Los deux lii^nics plus rii|.|.n)cliees, inoiiis pa-
ralleles, plus anpiee; hi comU'e siiivie de deux otnl)res sMhf.Tiniiiales, plus
marquees en dcssous.

"Califhrnie. Uii ^. Coll. I!dv.

Acidalia balisiaria Gueii., IMial., i, Ai)?,. — "18""". Ailes a ('ranges d'lin
gris-cendre; les superieures ai^nu"s a, Tnpex, (I'mu cariie-jannatre (ui argileux,
avecdeiix lignes plus toneees parallMes entre elles et au ixn-d, presque dioifes,
pcu apparentes. et niie tmisienie extraWasilaire eneore nioins visible. Un
petit point cellulaire. liiterieurcs arrondies, a hord subfestoniie, d'un l>lane-
carne, marquees aussi de deux lignes grises et d'un point cellulaiue. Dessous
dcs quatre ailes eoncolore, plus rlair, sau[)oiidr(' d'atomcs iioirs, ayant, outre
les deux lignes dii dessus, nne ond)re inediaiu! bien marquee et plus noire, et
le point eellulaire mieux marque. Anteiiues l)ien peetiiiees, a lames longues,
mais extrcmement minces et aigues au sommef, (pii est termiue par des cils.
i semblable, mais plus elaire.

"Amerique septentrionale, Ge^orgie. Trois i, une 9. C(dl. Pxlv. et
Lefebvre."

Acidalia demimria (Eois dtinismrla) Hiibner, Ziitr., 56o, i364, 1825;
Guen., Phal, i, 4G6. — '•21""". Ailes superieures prolongees ;\ I'apex, et a bord
presque droit, inlericures petites, bien arrondies; les quatre trim j;iune-argileux
sale, luisant, avee une large bordure d'un bruu-violet, euvaliie au sommet de
chaque aile par la couleur du tijud, en sorte (pie, aux siipi'rieures surtout, on
distingue tri^s-nettement la ligne qui scrvait a liiniter cette l)ordure, laquelle
est denticulee, legerement arquee jusqu'a la 4, puis reiitrante d(! la au bord
interne. Ces memes ailes ont, en outre, une extrabasilaire arquee, et le tbnd
teinte de brun-violet d'elle a la l)ase. Un point cellulaire aux quatre ailes.
Dessous plus ocliraee, avec la bordure plus p;lle, laissent la ligne plus appa-
rente dans toute sa longeur.

"xlm^rique septentrionale. Un mauvais exemplaire. Coll. Bdv.

"Je ne puis rien dire du corps, des pattes ni des antennes, (pii manquent.
Cette esptce semblc avoir de I'analogie avec Oslrinaria pour les dessins et
les couleurs. La figure de Hiibner a les ailes trop arrondies et les couleurs
trop ternes."

352

Acidalia placidaria Giieii., Plial., i, 4G9. — "18""". xViles d'uii gris-carne,
avec trois ligncs communes, paralleles, ^qiiidistautes, dcartt'es, pen tranchees,
ct iiuliqiides, siirtout ,sur les iiervures, en noiratrc; la deriiiLTC uu pen c'elairee
(Ic l:)lanchatrc en arriere. Point de snbferminale projirenient dite. Frange
concolore, sans point ni lisere. Un traite cellulaire anx qnatre ailes, long,
occupant toule la cellnlc, concolore, mais un pen saillant. Dessous d'un
l)lanc sale, soyenx, avec les traces, ti peine sensibles, de lignes fines et grises.
Palpes appliques contre le front, mais trfes-ascendants et depassant le niveau
du vertex.

"Ameriqne septentrionale. Une ?. Coll. Bdv."

Acidalia licpaticaria Guen., Phal., i, 471. — "18"". Ailes arrondies, d'un
brun-testace clair, avec des lignes et de larges bandes d'un rouge-violet
obscur, qui occupent presque toute leur surface; I'une terminale et u peine
coupde ])ur une k'gere ligne de la couleur du fond, qui part du sommet;
Fautre an milieu de I'aile, et, entre les deux, une fine ligne siijuee, divisant ii
pen pres par nioitie un large espace de la couleur du fond. Pas de points
cellulaires ni terminaux. Dessous sans dessins, mi-parti de rose obscur et
de blanc-paille fondus, luisants.

"Amerique septentrionale, Baltimore. Une 9. Coll Gn.

"Facile a distinguer de toiites les autres par ses couleurs."

Acidalia suhlataria Guen., Phal., i, 474.— "19"". Ailes etroites et
oblongues ; les superieures a apex prolonge, les infe'rieures arrondies ; les
qnatre d'un gris-testace clair, poudre d'atomes noirs, avec des dessins
noiratres bien marques. L'ombre mddiane c'paisse, passant, anx qnatre
ailes, sous le point cellulaire, qui est bien distinct. La coudee sinuee,
tremblee et composc'e de petits traits presque interrompus. Une seule ligne
la suit, l)icn parallele, et seulement moins marquee, eloiguee du bord.
Celui-ci est borde de petits traits festonnes, contigus. La frange est longue,
blanche ct salie de nombreux atonies noirs. Front presque concolore.

"Amerique septentrionale. Une 9. Coll. Gn.''

Acidalia temnaria Guen., Phal, i, 47G. — "IG"". Ailes legferement
festonnees d'un gris-de-poussiere saupoudre de gris plus fonce jusque sur la
frange, avec un list're terminal de eette derni&re couleur. Les deux lignes
principales sont minces, ecartees et presque perdues dans le sable ; pai.s
l'ombre niediane se detache bien et touche le point cellulaire qu'elle laisse en

.).).>

dedans ;iiix (|iiati-f uilos. D(>ssniis encore plus sonilur i\uf \r dcssiis.
Antennes ganiies de cils longs ct disposes deux i\ dcnx. Front hiriic d'lin
l)riin-nnir, ;\ vertex gris. Tibias postc'rieurs grelcs et pen renll('s — 9 seiii-
l)lal)le.

"Ameriqiu! septentrionale. Uii J, nnc 9. Coll. I'xlv. et (In."

Acidalia myrmidonata Gueii., JMial., i, 487, 1857. — " 14'""'. Ailes endures,
d'un beau l)lanc, k frange concolore et precedee de points noirs seulenient
dans la moitie sup^rieure, avec une ligne comnuine (la coudee) d'un bnin
ferrugineux, suivie an milieu, puis au bord interne des sup^rieures, de deux
groupes d'atomes d'un brun-noir, et aux inferieures, d'une trainee d'atomes
semblables. Un trfes-petit point cellulaire noir. Supdrieures ayant, en outre,
une extrabasilaire brune. Dessous blanc ; les supdrieures lav^es de noiratres.
Front noir, tl vertex d'un brun pale. Antennes trfes-finement pubescentes.
Tibias post^rieurs aplatis et un pen contournes, blancs, avec le tarse de la
moitie.

"Amcirique septentrionale. Deux <?. Coll. Bdv.

"Serait-ce la Lautaria de Hiibner? [Craspedia lautaria Hiibn.?, Zutr.,
/iSS, 540, 18'25.] Cette derniere parait jdus oblongue et beauconp plus
chargde de dessins."

Acidalia jmrata Guen., Phal., i, 488, plate 7, fig. «. — "20""". Ailes
entieres, d'un beau blanc, borddes de traits noirs, contigus, avec une ligne
commune (la coudtic) sinueuse, noire, suivie de groups d'atomes de meme
couleur, i'orniant (jk et \h des taches arrondies. Un ])etit point cellulaire noir.
Supc^rieures ayant parfois quelques traces d'une extrabasilaire. Dessous
blanc, avec un point cellulaire et une serie mcidiane de j)oints noirs, parfois
rdunis en ligne. Antennes pubescentes. Front noir, a vertex l)lanc. '1 ibias
postdrieurs un peu elargis, une dcmi-tbis plus lon<:s que les cnisses, avec le
tarse dc la moitie — 9 semblable.

Amerique septentrionale. Deux c?, deux 9. Coll. .Mus. el JSdv.

Acidalia tacturata Walk., List Lep. Hot. l)r. Mus, xxiii, 721. isfil.
Plate 10, fig. 71. — "White. Hind tibiae with two long spur.«;. Wings thinly
and minutely black-speckled ; lines brownish ; interior lines oi)solete ; middle
line and exterior lines denticulated, the former more distinct than the latter,
which is accompanied by black points; submarginal line indistinct ; marginal
45 p H

354

points almost obsolete. Fore wings acute. Hind wings l)roiul ; exterior

border slightly bent ; discal point black, distinct.

"Length of the body 4 lines ; of the wings 10 lines

'•The specimen here recorded is mutilated, and on tliat account the

above description is incomplete.

"«. East Florida. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq."

Addalia impauperata Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., x.xiii, 721, 186L
Plate 10, fig. 70 — "-Female Hoary, thickly brown-speckled. Front with a
black band adjoining the vertex. Hind tibiae with four long spurs. Wings
with brown lines; interior line indistinct; middle line broad, straight,
passing over the discal points ; exterior line also distinct and nearly parallel
to the middle line; submarginal line almost obsolete; discal point and
marginal points thrown, the latter elongated ; exterior border slightly convex.
Fore wings somewhat rounded at the tips.

"Length of the body 3.^ lines; of the wings 10 lines.

"a-c. St. Martin's Falls, Albany River, Hudson's Bay. Presented by
Dr. Barnston."

Acidalia restrktata Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 112, 1861.
Plate l;-5, tig. 52 — '-Male. Whitish. Head black; vertex white. Palpi short,
obliquely ascending, black above. Antennae pubescent. Hind tibiaj incras-
sated, with almost obsolete spurs ; hind tarsi more than half the length of
the tibiai. Wings thinly and minutely black-speckled, with pale fawn- /i
colored lines; interior line indistinct, slightly undulating; middle line
straight, distinct, passing without the discal point in the fore wings, and
within it in the hind wings; exterior line undulating, slightly dentate; two
less distinct submarginal hues, nearly parallel to the exterior line; discal
point and marginal points black. Fore wings hardly acute. Hind wings
with the exterior border slightly Ijeiit,

"Length of the body H lines; of the wings 14 lines

"a, b. Nova Scotia. From Lieut. Redman's collection."

Addalia compenmta Walk , List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 724, 1861.
Plate 10, tig. 69. — ''Male. Browni.sh-cinereous. Head black: vertex white.
Palpi porrect, very short. Antennae pubescent. Hind tibiae incrassated,
without spurs; hind tarsi short. Wings l)lack-speckled ; lines brown;

interior line aliiiosi oiisolcfc, (list iiii.niislic.1 l.y a lih.ck mark on lli.'cosia of
the tori" wiugfi; middle and exterior lines dcniiculated, siiglil, tiie latter ending
in a black mark on the eosta ; suhmarginal line very indisl'incl ; discal point
and marginal points deep black, the Ibrmer rather larire. Foic \vin<rs acute.
Iliiid wings with the exterior border slightly l)ent.

"Length of tlio Ijody ?> lines; of the wings 10 lines.

"«. East Florida. Presented by E. ])oul)leday, Ks(|.''

Acidalia timnndrala Walk., Eist Ee]t. llet. ]}r. Mas., xxiii, 724, 18G1.
Plate 10, fig. GH.— "il/«/c. Pale cinereous. Head blackish in front. Palpi
.short, porrect, hardly extending b(>yon(l the head, lilackish above. Antenna;
minutely ciliated and pubescent. Hind tibiie much incrassated, without
spurs: hind tarsi very short. Wings ample, very minntely I)lack-speckled ;
lines pale ro.sy, a little darker than the ground hue; interior and submarginal
lines obsoh'te; middle line very indistinct; exterior line hardly distinct,
.'^lightly undulating and dentate; discal point black, minute; exterior border
and fringe rosy. Fore wings very acute ; costa rosy. Hind wings with the
exterior border distinctly angular.

"Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

"ft East Florida. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq."

Acidalia rufiUneayhi Walk., Li.st Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 783, 1861. —
"Allied to the 7th European group. Male. Bone-white. Head black in front.
Antennje setulose. Hind tibiae iucrassated, without spurs. Wings ample,
interior and exterior lines reddish, the latter slightly undulating; submarginal
line nearly obsolete ; exterior border and fringe reddish; discal point and
marginal points black, the latter very minute Fore wings acute, with a
blackish patch by the interior angle ; interior line reddish, indistinct ; costa
reddish.

"Length of the l)ody 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

"«. East Florida. Presented by E. Doubleday, I':sq."

Acidalia ostentaria Walk., Li.st Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 784, 1861.—
"Allied to the 17th European group. Female. Whitish-cinereous, l)lack-
speckled. Head blackish. Hind tibia- with two long apical spurs. Wings
liardly elongated ; lines undulating; interior and exterior lines black, very
distinct, the former ob.solete in the hii d winys; middle and submar<nnal
lines cinereous, indi-stinct ; marginal lunules cinereous; marginal |)oint and

856

discal point black, llie latter large and very distinct. Fore wings rectangular
at the tips ; hind part of the exterior border rather oblique.

"Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

"rt East Florida. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq."

Acidalia mngnifcrana Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 784, 1861. —
"Allied to the 17th European group. Female. Cinereous. Head brown
in trout. AnteniiiE and legs slender. Wings elongate, thickly blackish-
speckled; lines dark cinereous ; interior line obsolete; middle line distinct,
rather broad, very slightly undulating; exterior line slight, denticulated;
subniarginal line rather broad; marginal dots dark cinereous ; discal point
black, large. Fore wings acute ; exterior border very oblique.

"Length of the body 3 lines; of wings 8 lines.

"«. East Florida. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq."

Acidalia basipunctaria Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 785, 1861. —
"Allied to the 17th European group. Female. Very pale cinereous, with a
slight rosy tinge. Palpi porrect, obtuse; third joint almost obsolete. Wings
elongate, hardly speckled; subniarginal line blackish cinereous, diffuse, dentate,
obsolete toward the costaof the fore wings; the other lines obsolete; marginal
points and discal points black; the i()rmer large, very distinct ; fringe very
long. Fore wings with a black basal point, and with blackish marks along
the costa.

"Length of the body 2 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

"fl, h. East Florida. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq."

Acidalia refractaria Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 785, 1861. —
"Allied to the 17th European group. Male and Female. Cinereous. Head
blackish in front. Antennae stout, pubescent in thfe male. Abdomen of the
male with a large apical tuft. Hind tibiae not incrassated, with two long
apical spurs. Wings elongate, indistinctly speckled, slightly tinged witii
ferruginous about the lines; interior and exterior lines black, zigzag, the
former indistinct, except toward the interior border of the hind wings ; sub-
marginal and marginal lines dark cinereous, undulating, parallel; marginal
points ferruginous, rather large; discal point black. Fore wings slightly
rounded at the tips.

"Length of the body 0 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

"a-c. East Florida. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq

.'557

Acidalia reconditaria Walk., List Lrp. IIcl. Br. Mus., xxiii, 7<SG, 18G1. —
"Allied fo the 17tli European groii]). Male and Female. Boiic-wliite. Head
black in front. Antenna; of" the male pul>e.sceiit. Hind tihiic of the male
dilated, without spurs. Wings ami)le, very lliinly black-speckled, with cine-
reous more or less undulating and dentate lines; exterior line more distinct
than the others ; submarginal line broad, double; discal point and marginal
points black, small. Fore wings acute. Hind wings with the exterior border
slightly angular in the middle.

"Length of the body 5-6 lines: of the wings 16 lines.

"a. New York. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq. b. East Florida.
Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq.

Acidalia ohfusaria Walk., List l>ep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 78G, 186L —
"Allied to the 17th European group. Female. W^hitish. Head l)lack in front.
Hind tibiae with apical spurs. Wings ample, thinly black-speckled; interior,
middle, and submarginal lines cinereous, indistinct; exterior line black, den-
ticulated; marginal points on the I'ringe and discal point black, the latter
rather large.

"Length of the l)ody 3-3.J lines; of the wings 11-12 lines.

"«, b. East Florida. Presented l)y E. Doubleday, Esq."

Acidalia violaceaiia Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 786, 1861. —
"New group. Female. Violet slate-color. Head Ijlack in front. Wings
elongate, hardly black-speckled ; interior, middle, and exterior lines black,
slight, denticulated, partly interrupted ; submarginal line pale cinereous; discal
point and marginal points black, the latter on tlie fringe; under side with the
markings almost obsolete. Fore wings slightly rounded at the tips.

"Length of the body 2i lines: of the wings 8 line.'*.

"a. f^ast Florida. Presented l)y E. Doubleday, Esq."

Acidalia vie.7isurata Walk., List Lej). Het. Br. Mus., xxxv, 1621, 1866. —
''Male. Whitish. Head black, except the ^vertex. Palpi hardly ascending,
black above, extending very little beyond the head. Antennae miimtely
})ubescent. Hind tibiae incrassated; hind tarsi very short. Wings ])road,
with a black point in the disk: a dull pale-ochreous slightly undulating? line,
which is on the outer side of the ])oinl in the fore wings and on the inner side
of it in the hind wings; an exterior more slender I)ro\vnisli zigzag line; two

358

uiHluliiting vi'iT pale ocliracoous subnuirgiiial lines, which are more indistinct
than the first line; marginal points black, very minute. Fore wings hardly
acute; costa slightly rounded toward the tip; exterior border convex, moder-
:it('lv oblique. Hind wings with the exterior border slightly angular in the
middle. Length of the l)ody G lines; of the wings 15 lines. It is larger
than A. resfricfata, and in the latter the postmedial line of the wings is
ochraceous. The antemedial line of A. recondltaria is less slender and the
post medial line is more dentate. North America."

Aciddliti ioniinuarui Walk, List, xxxv, 8uppl., 1622, 18(j6. — "'Male.
Whitish cinen-oiis. ' Head black; vertex wliite. Pal[)i obliquely ascending,
black ai)ove, not rising so high as the vertex. Antennaj minutely pubescent-
Hind tibia3 incrassated; hind tarsi very short. Wings broad, thinly and
minutely black-speckled ; tbur dull pale ochraceous lines, first line anteme-
dial, nearly straight; second, third, and fourth lines postmedial, zigzag; mar-
ginal points black, extremely minute. Fore wings slightly acute; costa
slightly rounded towards the tip ; exterior border slightly convex, moderately
oblique. Hind wings with the exterior border hardly angular in the middle.
Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 13 lines. North America."

AcUlaLla consecuttiria Walk., List, xxxv, Suppl., 1623, 186G. — "Male.
Pale cinereous. Hea.l black ; veitex white. Palpi porrect, l)lack above,
extending very little beyond the head. Antennae densely setulose. Thorax
fawn-colour along the fore i)order. Hind tibite slightly incrassated; hind tarsi
long. Wings broad, very nunutely brown-speckled; two zigzag brownish
lines, one antemedial, the other postmedial; two extremely indistinct zigzag l^'

])ale ochraceous lines between the second line and the exterior border; a brown
discal point, whicli, as well as the lines, is more conspicuous on the under
si(h'; marginal points blackish, much elongated transversely. Fore wings
liardly acute; costa and exterior border very slightly convex, the latter mod-
erately oblique. Hind wings with the exterior border regularly rounded.
Length of the body 4.} lines; of the wings 12 lines. North America."

Acidalia cungnia Walk.. List, xxxv, Suppl.. 1623, 1866.- "^l/r/A^ Whitish.
Body with a pale ochraceous tinge. Palpi porrect, broad, hardly extending
beyond the head; third joint very minute. Antennsc smooth, rather stout. ' '
Abdomen hardly extending beyond the hind wings; apical tuft rather large.

1-!

351)

Legs slender ; hind tibia; incrassatod : liiiul laisi sliort. Wings broad, I liickly
and minutely ochraccous-speckl(Ml ; tiirec ocliraccoiis zigzag lines, the third
postmedial ; marginal points Ijrown, very minute. Fore wings slightly aciitt! ;
(exterior bonier slightly eonvex and ()l)li(pie. Length ol' the body 5 lines;
ot" the wings 12 lines. North America"

Acidalia soliria^yixWi., List, xxxv, 1G24, 186G. — "Male. Pah; cinereou.'^.
Head black; vertex wiiif(>. Palpi porrecf, black above, hardly extending
beyond the head. AntenntB densely setulose. Thorax fawn-colonr along thi;
Tore border. Abdomen with a rather large apical tuf\. Hind tiI)ioD incras-
sated ; hind tarsi short. Wings i)road, with seven slightly dentate cinereous
lines, of" which the three last are most distinct; a brown j)oint on the disk.
Fore wings slightly acute; exterior border slightly convex, nuKJerately
oblique. Length ol' the body 4 lines; ol" the wings 11 lines. North
America."

Acidalia favillifem Walk., List, xxxv, 1624, 1866 — " M<(1('. Dark cine-
reous. Head blackish ; vertex dark cinereous. Palpi blackish, porrect, not
extending beyond the head. Antennae densely setose. Hind tibite not
incrassated. Wings rather narrow, minutely black-speckled, with four lines;
first line blackish, diffuse, undulating; second black, dentate, interrupted
between the teeth; third and lourtli cinereous, zigzag; marginal lestoon
brownish ; a black antemedial point in the disk. Fore wings slightly acute;
exterior border slightly convex, rather oblique. Length ol"the body 2^ lines;
ol" the wings 8 lines. North America."

Acidalia repktaria Walk., List, xxxv, 1624, 1866. — "Af(de. Dark cine-
reous Head black, except the vertex. Palpi porrect, i)lack above, not
extending beyond the head. Antenna; densely setose. Al)domen brown,
cinereous at the base and at the tij); a cinereous band in the hind border of"
each segment. Hind tibia- slender; hind tarsi long. Wings brown-speckled,
rather narrow, with five brown lines; tir.st line; near the base, incomplete ;
second and fourth slightly undulating, rather broad; third (-omposed of
points; fifth paler, indistinct ;_ marginal points brown, transversely elongated.
Fore wings hardly acute; exterior bonier, slightly convex, rather oblique.
Length <>{' the body 2.', lines; of the wini^s 7 lines. North Ameiic

[■a.

360

Acidulia? albifera Walk., List, xxxv, Siippl., 1625, 1H66. — '"Fc?nide.
Wliite. Palpi ponect, sleiulcr, not extending beyond the head. Antennae
and legs slender. Abdomen shorter than the interior border of the hind
wings. Legs slender. Wings semihyaline, rather broad, with four indistinct
zigzag interrupted pale ochreons lines. Fore wings slightly acute ; exterior
border convex, moderately oblicpie. Hind wings with the exterior border
very slightly angular in the middle. Length of the body 2^ Hnes; of
tiie wings 9 lines. North America."

Macarki JidoHkiria Walk., ].iist Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxxv, 1654, 1866 —
''Male. Cinereous, thickly brown-speckled. Palpi blackish, porrect, stout,
extending rather beyond the head; third joint very minute. Antennae
broadly pectinated, except at the tips. Abdomen as long as the interior
border of the hind wings. Hind tibiae hardly dilated, with four short spurs.
Wings with a broad blackish band near the base, and with a postmedial
undidating l)lackish line; a blackish middle dot ; fringe alternately blackish
and cinereous. Fore wings hardly acute; two blackish more or less con-
nected sometimes ferruginous-varied patches between the postmedial line
and the exterior border, which is convex and moderately obhque. Hind
wings with the exterior border hardly angular in the middle.

"Length of the l)ody 3| lines; of the wings 16 lines.

"a, h. North America. From Mr. Carter's collection."

Acidaliu ferruminaria Zeller, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wien, 478, 1872. —
"Pedibus posticis i mancis 9 4 calcaratis ; alis rufescenti-ochraceis vel
ochraceo-rufesccnlibus, auterioribus fascia media uigricanti strigaque punc-
torum majusculorum dentata nigra per posteriores continuata. i 9 .

"Die melir noch als bei Straminata etc. verkiimmerten t? Hinterbeine
l>eweisen, dass diess eine echte Acidalia ist, der sich aber, wenn man diesen
Umstand und die Fiirbung b.eriicksichtigt, in der Gesellschaft der europa-
ischen Arten kaum ein passender Platz anweisen lasst.

"Grosse kaum wie Muricata. Kcirper rothlich ochergelb oder ocher-
gclbrothlicli. Gesicht etwas gebriiunt. Taster kurz, spitz, rothlichgell).
Fiihler rothlichgell), beim i dnrch feine, braune, behaarte Kammzahne
doppelt getiedert. Hinterleibssegmente am Anfange mehr oder weniger
braunstaubig. Beine rothlichgell); die i Hinterbeine ganz verkiimmert,
klciii und lilassgcll)licli : die Scliiciir ein weiiiii; Hiugcr als der Sclieukcl,

361

scliwiicli \cr(Iicl\l ; (Icr I"ii>s iiiis zwi'i Glicdciii bcslclirrul, (lessen iTsles so
laiig wie die Seliieiie, alxT etwas diitiiier, das zweile selir kiiiz, (liiiiii iiiid
ztigpsjtitzt ist. l^eiiii 9 siiid die Iliiiterlieiiie reiie'lmiissii,' aus^eljildel, mil
2 Paar aiiseliiilicheii Donieii, der( ii oheisles l)ei 'I aiigesctzt is(.

" Vorderlliigel A-ih'" laiig, niit deiilliclicr Spitze, vor wclclier der Vor-
derraiul etwas convex ist. Gnindt!ul)e wie die des Korpers. Die Mittel-
hiiide wird gehildet diircli eiiie scliwarze, vvellige, aul' dei- ^lediaii- mid
Subdorsalader winklig(!, grobe Qiieiliiiie, die aiit' der Aiissenseite in anselin-
licher Bieite von eineni rothlichljiaiinen Scliatten hegleitet ist, dessen
Aussenrand aueli in einigen scliarf'en Kckeii hervortritt. Ein schwarzer
Mittelpunkt fehlt. In der Mitte zwisclien dieser Binde und dem Hinter-
rande ist eine Querreilie gr()l)er, schwarzer Punkte, die ini Innenwinkel
endigt und bei f und unter ihrer Mitte einen ausspringenden Winkel bildet;
die Punkte sind hier und da durch feine, schwarzliclie T.inien verbnnden.
Den Hinterrand entlang zielit eine Reihe schwarzer, strichtormiger Punkte,
die nicht so scharf wie jene sind und bei dem einen dunkelrothliciien c? in
(binkleni Staube, der den Hinterrand nebelartig begleitet, fast verschwinden.
Fransen wie die Gruudfarbe oder etwas violettgran. Die scliwarzen groben
Punkte haben auf alien Fliigeln etwas Glanz.

"HinterflUgel mit gerundeteni Hinterrande, doch zietnlich deullichein
Aualwinkel, und von gleicher Grundt"arl)e wie die Vorderfliigel. Kur auf
dcni Innenrande zeigcn sich vor der Mitte die Anfange von zwei scliwiirz-
lichen Querstreifen. Die Querreihe schwarzer Punkte der Vorderfliigel ist
als Fortsetzung vollstandig vorhanden und bildet in ihrer Vorderhiiltte einen
einspringenden Winkel. Zeichnung des Hinterrandes weniger deutlich als
bei den Vorderfliigeln.

■'Unterseite lebhaft rothlich ochergelb. Alle 4 Fliigel haben schwarze
Striche auf den Queradern, das 9 die deutlichsten. Die Querreihe schwarzer
Punkte ist recht deutlich, ebenso die Hinterrandspunkte.

"Vaterland: Texas (Boll.) 2 c?, 1 9 in nieiner Sammlung."

EPHYRA Duponchel. Plate 4, tig. 4.

Comjmhia Hubu., Verz., .302. 1818.

Leiicophthalmia Hiibn., Verz., 302, 1818.

Codonia HUbii., Verz., :!0-2. ISlf^.

Cabera Treits. (in part), Schiii. Eiir., vi (i), 34:!, 1827.

Cyclophora Stoph., NomiMid. Br. Ins., 44, 182'J; "Cat., ii, 127, 1829."

4G V II

362

Ephjjra Dup., Lep. France, viii (iv), 108, 1829; (v), 20, 1830.

Boisd., Geu. Ind., 220, 1840.

H.-Sch., Schiii. Eui-., iii, 1847.
liphi/ra St.-ph., Cat. Br. Lep., 178, 1850.
Zonosoma Lederer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wieu, 194, 1853
Ephyra Giieu., Pbal., i, 40.-.. 1857.

Walk , Lep. Hit. Br. Mus., xxii, 624, 1861.

Head rather broad in iroiit ; the front being sometimes shorter than
broad. Palpi long, acute, extending more tlian usual in front ; third joint
long, acute. Antennae sliglitly pectinated on the basal two-thirds. Fore
wings much as in Acidalia, but scarcely subfalcate ; the costa straight; apex
acutely rectangular ; outer edge with an almost imperceptible angle. Hind
wings short, the outer edge not very convex, slightly bent. Venation much
as in Acidalia^ the subcostal cell and venules the same, except that the three
first subcostal venules are of the same length, the first arising remotely from
the subcostal cell. Abdomen long and slender. Hind legs long and slender;
tarsi nearly as long as the tibiae. The species are usually whitish or reddish-
brown, with large discal ringlets.

This genus differs chiefly from Acidalia in the antennae being always
pectinated, in the much longer palpi, and the slightly different venation.
So closely allied is it to Acidalia that I see no reason for separating it, as
Guen^e does, from the AcidalincB as the type of a separate " family ". It has
no affinities with the GeomcfrincE beyond the wide front and long palj)i.

Larva and pupa — "Caterpillars elongated, cylindrical, without tubercles;
head as broad as the prothoracic ring, flattened in front, and a little bifid at
the summit ; hving exposed on trees and holding the body in repose folded
like a swan's neck. Chrysalids truncated anteriorly, regularly conical poste-
riorly, suspended in the air by an anal thread and attached by a transverse
line." — Guenee.

Hiibner, however advanced in his views of genera, evidently had little
better ideas of the true generic relations of this group of species than of the
genus Acidalia Lederer rejects Ephyra because he says that it has been
pre-occupied as a g(;nus of Acalephoi ; but the name Ephyra of P^ron and
Lesson (18(9), was conferred on an early phase of Atirelia, and therefore

may be retained.

Synopsis of the Species.

White, with four liii«8 on (he front wing.s E. pendulinaria.

lA'^ht tawny-brown ; two rown of dark dots E. myrtaria.

308

Ephyra pendulinaria Giiciu'c. Plati' 10, fig, 72. Plate 13, fit's. 14, 11a,

14/'. pupa.

I'.phijra piiiiliiUiKuia Giun.!!, I'li;il., i. 111, 1^57.

\V:i1k., List Lcp. Hct. Br. Miis., xxii, (hil, 1801.
Aridalia qiiadmiHjiiltitti \V:ilU. !!!, hist Lep. llet. Hr. Mus., xxvi, WXt, lH(y.

;5 S and l) 9. — AnteniiHe moderately poctinati'd in the male. U()(l\ and
wings Avliite, speckled with dark gray or blackisli. Head white on the
vertex, brown in front; palpi white; antcnnje white above; pectinations
white. Fore wings with an inner curved line of veimlar black spots; a
middle sinuous, indistinct, dusky shade half-way between the discal ringlet
and the outer parallel curved line of veiiular blackish dots; a submarginal,
dark, slightly-scalloped shade; marginal row of black dots distinct on both
wings. Hind wings with tour lines and shades, as in the anterior pair, but
the middle (second) shade touches the large discal ringlet. Beneath, white.
Fore wings slightly dusky in the middle of the wing; the outer row of l)lack
dots present, l)ut less curved than above and situated farther from the edge
of the wing. Hind wings almost puro white, with a taint outer row of dots.
The marginal row of dots alike on both wings Legs white, dusky in front
on the anterior pair.

Length of body, J, 0.36, 9, 0.36-0.38; of fore wing, <?, 0.47, 9, 0.43-
0.50; expanse of wings, 1.00 inch.

Boston and Andover, Mass. (Sanborn); Brookline, Mass., August 6
(ShurtleiT) ; Cambridge, Mass., May 2^, July 26 (H. K. Morrison); Brooklyn,
N. Y. (Graef ) ; West Farms, N. Y. (Angus) ; New Jersey (Sachs) ; Phila-
deli)hia, Pa (Amer. P^nt. Soc.) ; Maryland (Scudder).

This species may at once be known by its white color and large discal
ringlets and the mesial shade. It is nearly related to the P]uropean E. pcn-
(hdaria. Like the following species, it varies considerably in size.

Larva. — "Light green with longitudinal white lines, and dotted with w hite
spots. A dorsal and three subdorsal lines; the dorsal straight, but the others
l)roken and irregular, the stigmatal edge wrinkled, the white spots irregu-
larly scattered. Body beneath with the white lines interrupted. The last
segment with the anal prolegs and tip of the tirst pair of prolegs slightly
reddish. Thoracic legs pale greenish-, black at the tips. A few scattered hairs
on the body. Head faint reddish marbled with whitish, with two while
stripes. Length 0.40; thickness 0.12 inch, ll I'ctnh im Coniptonia usp/rni-
fo/ia in Massachusetts.

mi

"When about to transform it slings itself" in a thread which crosses
its body between the 6th and 7th segments, and closes its anal prolegs
tightly in a mass of silk spun at this point, and on the 17th of July changed
to a pupa. On the 12th of August I found a chrysalis just ready to turn ;
it was fastened to the midrib of a leaf near the middle, with the threads of
the swing well separated and well pushed under.'

Pupa. — "Light green, a black stripe broken twice towards the end on
each side, along the hinder margin of the wing. Two protuberances, one at
the base of each wing, white, brownish at base ; tail piece almost colorless,
tip red. Abdominal segments of a lighter color than the rest, with dots of a
lighter tint ; anterior half of each abdominal segment punctate; posterior
half minutely striate; a thread crosses the body upon which it rests sus-
pended; the thread splits into two, being fastened by four points. It is
slightly roofed on the back.'' — Scudder.

Ephyra myrtaria Guene'e. Plate 10, fig. 73.

Ephyra myrtaria Gucu. ! !, Pbal., i, 408, Pupa, pi. 'i, fig. 7, 1857.

Walk. ! !, Cat. Lep. Het. Br. Mns., xxii, 631, 1861.

3 c? and 4 9. — Of the same form as the preceding, but the antennas
rather more pectinated. Body and wings uniformly pale tawny-brown ; ver-
tex of head and antennae slightly paler than the rest of the body, while the
front is considerably darker. Both wings with a large, blackish, discal ringlet,
centered with white, those on the hind pair usually (not always) larger. Fore
wings with an inner curved row of fine venular black dots and an outer
curved row of black venular dots, the discal spot being half-way between the
two lines. Hind wings with two similau lines. A marginal row of dark fine
dots on both wings. Beneath, flesh-coh)red ; hind wings slightly paler than
anterior pair; fringe on botli wings decidedly darker than wings themselves.
Discal dots pinkish; margin of both wings speckled finely with ])inkisli
scales. Body and legs whitish testaceous. Exterior of front legs dull reddish.

Length of body, $, 0.35-0.38, ?, 0.38; of front wing, <?, 0.42-0.47,
9, 0.43-0.45; expanse of wings, 1.00 inch.

Boston, Mass. (Sanborn); Princeton, Mass., August 12 (Scudder); West
Farms, N. Y. (Angus); New Jersey (Sa'chs); Pennsylvania (Clemens); Phil-
adelphia, Pa. (Amer. Ent. Soc.) ; Demopolis, Ahu, July and August (Grote);
"Illinois, Georgia" (Walker).

H65

This is our iiiori' coiiiiikhi spfcics of flic iroiiiis, and is ('liaritclcrizcd by
the tawiiy-brown hue, tinged witli canieoiis, by the two comiiioii lines of
small, black, venular dots, the dark discal ringlets centered wilii white, and
l)y the pale under side tinted with tlesh-red.

Larva and pujni. — Guentfe describes the caterpillar as of a clear grceti
with yellowish incisions; the head, the anal region, and the feet reddisli-
yellow. On the fifth segment are two small, black, dor.sal points. The chry-
salis (figured by Gucuee) is deep green, with a lateral white line edged with
faint rose on the wings and anal extremity.

Desiderata.

Ephyra culicaria Guen., Plial., i, 407, 18o7. — "18""". Ailes d'un gris-
testacii clair, avec la frange rose et deux series de petits points noirs. Un
petit anneau celhdaire au centre, plus blanc cpie le fond, et quelquefois une
ombre mediane rougeatre; Ic tout ordinairement trfes-fin et pen saillant.
Dessous sans dessin ; les supdrieures plus rosdes, les inferieures plus
blanches Vertex concolore, avec le front d'un brun-cannellc clair.

"Georgie amdricaine. Trois i . Coll. Lefebvre et Gn.

"Les ailes inferieures de cctte petite espece n'ont pas Tangle anal
prolong^ cotnme la Rudimentaria ; le bord terminal est seulement un peu
coudd et la cote droite. EUe ressemble, en petit, t\ nos esp^ces euro-
pdennes."

Arrltostia lumenaria Hiibn.-Geyer, Zutriige, Sf), fig. 757, 758, 18;^2. —
This species, or one allied to it, has been raised by Al)bot, and the following
description has been drawn up from his colored MS. drawing: Body long
and slender; head narrower than the body. Head, feet, and al)domen testa-
ceous. Body grass-green, with two conspicuous, thin, dorsal, black spots just
in front of the middle. Pupa attached to the stem of the plant, as in Ephyra.
It is green, purplish along the hind edge of the wing and at the end of the
body. Food-plant, Psoralea melitotoldes. Plate 13, fig. 22, 12a.

EUEPHYRA Packard. Plate 4, fig. 5.

Euephyra Pacli., Fifth Aiiii. Rep. Teali. Ac.t(!. .Sc, 7:i, 1><7:!.

This genus is allied to^/^AT/ra, notwithstanding that it has two ]>airs of well-
developed spurs on the liind tii)iii;, though M. Guenee regards one pair o! |)oste-

3B6

rior tibial spurs as cliaraclcriziiig the group "■ Ephtjrkl(c'\ It diilers from
Epiupa in the palpi being much longer, the third joint projecting far beyond the
head, while the fore wings are much longer, more acute, and the hind wings are
rather longer, fuller, and rounder at the apex, and delicately scalloped. The
wings are thinner and the moth slighter and more delicate than in Ephyra,
its nearest ally. The venation differs from that of Ephyra mainly in the fifth
subcostal venule arising just within the origin of the first subcostal but on the
opposite side of the main vein. Unfortunately, the male has not yet occurred,
so that this diagnosis must be quite imperfect.

EuEPHYRA SERRULATA Packard. Plate 10, fig. 74.

Enphyra serrulaia Pack., Fifth Rep. Peal). Acad. Sc, 7:!, 1873.

4 9 . — Pale reddish-ash-brown; head and palpi clearer, pale reddish-brown.
Both wings crossed by tw^o remote dark hair-lines, sinuate and wavy, the inner
acutely angulated on the costa, and indented on the median vein. An outer
line curved considerably outward between the costa and lowermost branch of
the median vein, the line most of its length parallel to the outer edge. Discal
dot distinct, oval, white, circled with dull rust-red on the fore wings, with a
darker circle on the hind wings. Fringe long, concolorous with the "wings,
with a black line at base. Beneath, with minute discal white dots. Wings
paler than above, not speckled with brown, clear, with a single, common,
outer, curved line, and a dark line at base of the fringe.

Length of body, 9,0.30; of fore wing, 9,0.33-0.40; expanse of wings,
0.77 inch.

Lawrence, Kans. (Snow) ; Texas, May and June (Belfrage).

This moth may be distinguished from the species of Ephyra, to which it
is allied in its coloration and style of marking, by the delicately-scalloped or
serrate hind wings, the })ointed primaries, and the two wavy, curved, dark
lines. It is marked beneath much as in Ephyra mijrtaria Guende.

Siibfamily GEOMETRIN^ Guenee.

Gcomnlilni Giien., MSS. See Dup., Cat., 169, 1844.
Subti'ibe Chlorvclirvmites Dup., Cat. Lep. Eur., 223, 1844.
Subfiiiiiily GrometrhU Stepb., Cat. Hr. Lep., 169, 18.50.
Family Gcomctridw Giieii., Pbal., i, 332, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Miis., xxii, 499, 1861.

Head rather short, broader in front than in the Acidalince, the front
often being very broad near the antenna' and narrowing anteriorly. Male

u

^1

antenna; moderately prctliialcd on the hasal tlircc-t'onrllis. I'alpi vcrv
unequal in Icnglli hi i\\e sexes, usually sliort and slender: (he tliinl joint
short and conical, scarcely reacliing l»eyond the front in tlic male, while
they are longer in the female, and, as in Synchlora, of extraordinary length
and very slender, including the third joint. The wings are of very uniform
shaj)e. the fore wings being triangular with liie costa, rather straight ; the apex
subacute and the outer edge slightly convex, sometimes slightly l)ent or very
angular. Ilind wings round or angular, sometimes partly aborted (Di/sp(eris).
Venation : usually no subcostal cell' present, only in Dyspteris, and partially
formed in some species of Nemo r la. The costal venule anastomoses with the
subcostal; six well-marked subcostal venules; the independent venule mucli
nearer the sixth subcostal than usual, the posterior discal venule consequently
much longer and more curved than usual. The origin of the tirst median is
usually continuous with the main vein. Hind legs with the tibiae either long
and with a dense tuft or projection beyond the end, where the tarsi is very
short, or the tibiae are as usual and the tarsi equal to them in length. Some-
times but a single pair of tibial spurs.

The species are green, usually with two common wliite lines and some-
times the front of the head and fore tibiae are a reddish or pink.

Sy/ioj/xis of the Genera.

A. Posterior discal venule not much curved:

Hind wings partially aborted ; fore wings large Dijspkris.

Hind wiugs rounded ; antenna; broadly pectinated Euaostis.

Hind wings angular; antenna; simple Nvmoria.

Hind wiugs very angular ; fore wiugs acute ; anteunie pectinated lodis.

B. Posterior discal venule much curved:

Like Chloronea, but with more rounded bind wings Annemoria.

Species of large size; hind wings produced toward tbe apex; anteun;c with long

pectinations Chlorosca. -

Head broad in front ; female palpi very long ; hind wings rounded Synchlora. '

Like Synchlora, but abdomen ornamented with raised white spots circled with red;

hind wings rounded KacheoKpila.

Front of head narrow; palpi short; hind wings angular; abdomen spotted with

white or red, or with a simple dorsal white line Aplodes.

Front broader than in Aplodes; outer edge of fore wiugs more oblique; hind tibia;

not swollen Anaplodes.

Pc^lpi'long and stout ; third joint slender ; hind wings rounded, extending farther

than usual beyond the tip of the abdomen ; wings with broad, white, straight

bands Ceomctra.

'308

DYSPTERIS Hiibner. Plate 4, fig. 6.

nyspteris Hubu., Verz., 286, 1818.

H.-Seb., Ausserenr. Schni., 18.')4-58.

Guen., Pbal., i, 3()1, 18.=./.

W:ilk., List Lcp. Het. Br. Mns., xxii, .^57, 1801.

Head rather large; front large and prominent, not narrowing anteriorly.
Palpi not reaching beyond the front; second joint broad, though very distinct
from, and narrower than, (he first; third minute, shoif, conical, not so long
as the second joint is wide. Antennae pectinated in tlie male rather broadly
on the basal two-thirds. Fore wings very large; costa much arched; apex
much produced; outer edge very oblique ; inner edge but little more than
half as long as the outer. Hind wings much aborted, small, regularly trian-
gular; outer edge slightly convex; apex subrectangular ; the wings reach as
far as the tip of the abdomen. Venation : fore wings with a large sul)costal
cell; the second subcostal but little longer than the third; fifth subcostal
venule long, thrown off from the subcostal cell. In the hind wings, the costal
area is very broad.

This peculiar genus diflers from all others of the subfamily in the great
difference in size between the wings, the anterior pair being very large and
the hinder diminutive and triangular in outline, the outer edge being very
straight. The species only occur in the New World.

Dyspteris abort ivaria Herr.-Sch. Plate 10, fig. 75.

Dysptcris aborlivaiia H.-Scb., AufcHereur. Sclim., 62, fig. 346, 1804-58.
Guen., Phal., i, 363, 18.->7.
Walk., List Lep. Het. Hr. Mus., xxii, 5,57, 1861.

3 J and 2 9. — Pea-green; head and thorax lather darker. Antennae
green above on the basal half, white beyond, [)ectinations testaceous. Palpi
green; thorax green above and beneath, except the hind pair of trochantines
and coxae, which are concolorous with the pale-yellowish abdomen. Fore
wings crossed by two parallel, oblique, white, moderately wide lines, straight,
not waved ; the inner fiiding out before reaching the cista, disappearing near
the distinct white discal dot; the outer line parallel with the outer edge,
slightly bent before reaching the costa; fringe green. Hind wings with
a single line, ratlier broad and diffuse Beneath as above, Ijiit with two
broad, diffuse lines, one sul)marginal on the fore wings; discal dols much

•!(•.<

C.ll

hii-ircr iiiid I •!■ disiincl iIkiii ;iIh)\c. I IjikI w ii|o-s w iih ihc >inu|c line (liU'iisc.

ijCIJS iri'l'i'll, \\iishc(l with while; hillil IrliKii'.i M'Hdw ish lirhiw.

Lciiiiflh of 1 1(1(1 \ , (^,().42, 9,0.1(1; (if line w iiiu, ./' , ().r)2-ii.(;(), 9 , i)J)H •
cxp;iiisc of wiiHis, 1.10-1.2(1 inches.

.Montreal, ( 'aiiadn (lAiiian): lioston, Mass., An(h)ver, Ma.ss., Jul\ (San-
liorn): l'hihuh'l|)liia, I'a. (Ainer. K\\\. Soc.); New.)er<e\ (Sachs); I )eni()'tolis
iVhi. ((;!•(. teV

This inlei-eslinir species varies hnt shiihllv, and may alwa\s lie seiiaraled
lioni all the other green ( Jeoinetrids \i\ iIk' great ine((iialitv in I lie size of llic
wings.

EUCROSTLS Iliibucr. Plate 4, fig. 7; plate 6, tig. 22.

Eucroxtis lliihii., Veiz., ii83, ISls.

deomitra Ticit-s., (in part,) !?cbni. Enr., v, 430, 182r>.

Fidoiiia Ddp. (in part), Lcp. France, viii (iv), 407, 1829.

Boisil., Geu. Iiid., 171), 1840.
flilorochioma Dup., Cat., ■J-i4, 1844.
I'idoiiia II.-S(;Ii., Scluii. Kiir., iii, 7, 1847.
Eitcm.ttin Lcderer, Verb. liut. Zool. Gcs. Wien, 181), 185:!.

and Xemoria Guen. (in part), Pbal., i, 3G(), :!4.'>, 18.''>7.

Walk, (in part). List Lep. H(?t. Br. Mils., xxii, ."1(15, IKCl.

Front rather imiTower anteriofly than in A't'/iioria. Palpi rather larfo,
projecting well in advance of the front, the second joint rather large and
bushy. Male anleiiu;x; with rather long pectinatiuns, terniinal fourth .simple;
in the female .simple, finely serrated. Fore wiiig.s with the costa straight, the
apex rather obtu.se. Hind wings much rounded. Frinire on both win<rs
unusually long. Venation: the costal region is rather wide, the ,sul)c»).stal
cell is sometimes open (chlorokucarid); the posterior diseal veiude is very
ol)li(pu', but not iiuieh curved; the oiigin of the lirst median venide is a little
removed from that of the second, w bile in Nriiioria the origins of the two are
blended. Hind legs: tibi;e long, with a large brush of iiairs; tarsi oiK'-liiird
to one-half as long as the tifi;e {rlilorukucuria). or a little l(tii;rer than the
libi;v> (ill the European hrrlxiria). AbdonKui moderately long, ('oloration:
green, with white firm lines, the outer common to both win<is, broad and
cons])iciious; fringe whitish, rarely deep red.

Tills genus, some species of which, as our comnuui cliloroleucaria and
the European h-ibarid, have Ix.'en referred to Nemoria by Gucnee, is readil}'
distinguished from (he other Geometrince by the larsfc bushy ])alpi, well-
pectinated antennit, the triangular fore wintrs with their straight costa and

47 p H

n

;17(»

()l)tiisc a|)r.\, and I Ik' iiiucIi-ii>iiii(Ic(I hind wings, as well as the long tringv on

both pairs. In Ihe European E. Iicrharia, the subcostal cell is closed, but in

several specimens of our E. cliluiolcucdiiii it is open. The legs differ greatly

in Ihe length of the tarsi in Ihe ditferent species, but tlie siiapc of the wings

is very constant.

Si/nopsis of the Species.

\

J^iiifs narrow, very distinet; outer line, curvi'il; palpi short E. zdUrnria. ,-,

Lines broad, di.stinct : onter line striiijjht: palpi rather lonjj K. i-hlornlniniriii. i/^

FilJCROSTIS ZKI>IJ'J\>ARIA, xji. nirV. Plale TO, iig. 7().

(j <! and 1 9. — Pea-green. Head and anlennjc whilish-ociireous; front
deep gret^n. i'alpi and leas |)nle ochreous. Fore wings pale ochreous on the
costa ; two parallel, very distinct, whitish-ochreous lines, l)oth ciuved on the
costal region, much alike, and nearly parallel and both a little wavy. The
outer line continued on to the hind wing, and rather suddenly bent a
little outward in the middle of the wing, the similar line in chloroleucaria
licing straight. Tiie fringe on both wings is paler than the wings. Beneath
greenish, washed slightly with ochreous; costa of fore wings ochreous.

Length of body, <?, 0.27, 9. 0.;53: of fore wing,-t^, 0 30, 9, 0.40;
e.\panse of wings, O.(j0-0.s4 inch.

Waco, Texas, August 8-21 (Belfrage, iMus. Peab. Acad. Sc).

This ex([uisite species differs from E. chloroleucaria, being less strigated
with white, and in the head l)eing green in front instead of reddish; in the
outer line being curved like the inner on the costal region instead of straight;
and in the single line on the hind wings being suddenly bent in the middle.
It is more nearly allied to the European //^r/w/Zw {\mn chloroleucaria. The
hind legs are as in rh/inolcuairia, however, witii a larye lirush of hairs: hind
tarsi half, as lony as the tibije.

EuCROSTis cHLOKOLKLiCARiA Packard. Plate 10, fig. 77.

Ncmiiyiii chlnrolntcfiria tiucn., Plial., i, o.Sl, 1H,")7.

Walk., List Loji. Met. Br. Mns.. x.xii, :<-M, IStll.

10 <? and 10 9. — Pale pea-green, with numerous whitish strigac. Head
]>ale whiiish .on the vertex; front and palpi ochreous. Antenn;e whitish.
Eon; wings with two bmad whitish lines; the inner situated half-way
between the outer and the base of the wina, a little curved; the outer more

.1 (

ilislliict. stnii^hl, anil cniiliinicd mi I., tli,' Iniiil wiiii;. \\,r diiU nuiikiiii; un
Ihr wiiiiT. C'ostii oC (lirr w iiiii w liitish : IViiiyr nn lint li w ini^s pulrr m-ci'ni>li
lli:iii thr \\iii<r, soiurrnncs jiIukisI wliilisli. Wiiiirs i)rin-;illi piil.T lliiiii aiinve.
lure wiiiiis irrcciiisli, willi a wliilisli, dill'iisr, oiifri- hariili cu^ta waslicd liiiiillv
uitli Dclin^oiis. Lc<is (lr('|) (iclircons. suiiicliiiK'.'- with a reddish tiiiirc

I.ciioth uf hotly, c?, ().;j('-0.ao, 9. 0.30: of loir winy. ,' . ().;;2-(».4(»,
9. O.42-0.4r): cxiiaiisc of winirs. 0.73-O.f;O iii,li

.Moiilri'al, ( 'aiiada ( i.ynian): Cain pi on. N. 1 1.. .1 uiic ( W.-dkrr) ; liriiiis\\ i.-k,
M(\ (Packard); I'orllaii<l. .Mr. (.MoVsc): Dnhliii. .\. 11.. .Milion. .\ras.v (Harris
Coll. :\Iiis. Bosl. Soc. Xal. Ilisl.); Xahaiit. .Mas.s. (.Alorriii;^ ) : Xatick, Mti.-;s.
(Stratfoii); Boston, Mass., June «iid Scptcinhcr (Saiiliorn ) : lirooklinc, Mass.,
MnyHl (Shiirtlefr) : ('anihrido:c, :\Iass (\'crrill) ; Amherst. .Mass., Scptcmhcr
(Packard, Mus. Peal). Aead. Se.) ; Peabod^-, Ma.ss. (Mr.s. Ooleord) : Spriiig-
lield, Mass., June 18 (Diinmoek); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus, Mus. Peab.
Acad. Sc); Brooklyn, X. Y. ((Jraef); Xew Jersey (Sachs): llarrisburirh,
Pa., August 20 (Siiurth-ll'): l-:aston. Pa. Stiillz): Ci'iitrai Missouri (IMey):
Lawrence, Kans. (Snow) ; Demojiolis, Ala. (Grofe); ^\"aco. Texas. Mav 1.
October (Belfrage, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc.) ; Dalla.s, '("exas. April l.i, 3iay '>
(Boll, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc); New Orleans, La. (Mns. Peab. .Vcad. Sci.).

From the dates given above, it appears that this moth is double-broodrd.
OiK! ot our most conimon green moths, and easily recoirni/.ed bv the ochreoiis
Cront and palpi, jiale whitish-o;reen wiuus. and the tun broad, parallel, whitish
lilies; it readily liides out, s.i that the lines are almost elliiced. Some a[)pear
as il minutely mottled with whitish Hecks. 'I'exaii specimens do not seem
to vary from New England ones. 'J'lie distance between the two lines varies
considerably. This common and widely-spread species is easily r(,"co<.mize<l
l)y the pale-srreen body and wings, the ochreoiis front and jialjii, and i)y the
broad, common, whitish b;ind, also its small size and rounded hind wiiiiis. It,
seems to be doiible-lnooded, as it apjiears in Massachusetts in June and auain
in September. It varies but little, sometimes differing in the depth of the
green shade, often occurring in colh-ctions almost white, it is closely allied
to E herharia of Southern Europe.

Larva. — Mr. L. W. Goodell has raised this moth, and writes me that the
caterpillar was found on the red raspberry. " It is green, marked ol)scurely
with paler green, and when fully grown measured an inch in length, July
24th it fastened itself to the boltcmi of the box in which it was confined and

.1

V

cliaui^tiil III ii chivsiilis witlidut in;ikiiig n c-ocoon. The cliry.sali.s was also
o-reen with a row of black dots on each side. The inotii appeared August
10th." According to a MS. drawing of Abbot's, the body is very slender and
cylindrical, smooth, somewhat thickened on the end of the abdomen. Head
no wider than the body; it is reddish, while the body is grass-green, with
no markings. Food-plant, Helenlum autumnale.

NEMORIA Hiibner. Plate 4, figs. S. Sr/. ■

Nemoria Hribn., Verz., as.'i, ISIS.

fleometra Treits. (in iiiirt), Sclim. Eur., v, 430, 182.").

Hanilhca Diip. (in iwrt), Lep. France, viii (iv), 9;!;!, 1829.

(Uomeint Boisd., Gen. Ind., 179, 1840.

Cidorochroma Dup., Cat., 224, 1844.

(innuitra H.-Sch , Sebni. Knr., iii, 7, 1847.

Nemoria LeUcrcr, Verli. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wien, 189, 1853.

Gnen. (in part), Pbal., i, :!4r>, 1857.

Walk, (in part). List Lep. Hct. Br. Mns., xxii, 531, IHGl.

Head rather wide in front, wider than in Eucrofttis, not narrowing much
in front. Palpi slenderer than in Eiicrosth, a little npcurved, passing a little
beyond the front. Male antenuif simple. Fore wings triangular; costa
regularly arched : apex slightly produced, acute. Hind wings distinctly
analed on the outer edi^e. In the venation, it onlv difl\'rs from Eucrostis 'm
the subcostal cell being always closed. Hind legs long and slender; tarsia
little more than half as long as the tibijt ; a single pair of tibial spurs.
Abdomen long and slender, ending in a regular ])encil of hairs. Coloration
green.

This pretty genus differs from Ei/cr/K^/is,\v\t\i which some of the species
have been contbiinded, by the angular hind wings and the simple antennas.
The species are of small size, delicate and graceful, ami usually green, or
green with an ochreous tinge and reddish fringe. The species fly in June
in o])en fields neai" pine-woods.

iSi//wj>sis of the Sj>ecies.

Yellow- above and beneath jV. subcroccata.

Dull sea-green ; liiiid wings with line curved A', (jrutata.

Larger than fjriilulu, with line on hind wing bent rectangularly X. pislaciata.

Nemokia subckoceata Walker. Plate lU, fig. 78.

Xemoria xubcrocala Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxvi, 1557, 1802.
Nemoria iiwcrluta W.alk., Li.st Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxvi, l.'i57, ISCW.

f) i and 1 9. — Shape of the wings as in A", gialuta. Bright oclireou.s,
including the body and wings, antennae and legs. Head white on the

/:

vertex, extoiuiiiig soiiic (listaiicc mi Id tlic anlcmin'; iVmit Avry dull red.
Oil the wiiiiTs i^ ;i coiiiukhi \\liitisli liiii>. siliialcd nearer llic middle df (Ik!
wings Jhaii in (lie snceeeding species ; tin- line is nearly strai-zlil on Ihe (i)re,
wings, iniieli less ()l)li(|ue lliaii in giiilata, a litlle wavy; mi the hind \viii<rs,
llie line is less curved lliiin in N. gratota (it is soinetinies (disolele). IJeiiealh,
hntli wiuijs are uniConnly deep orange-ociireons, willi no niarUin<fs. Fringe
ai)ove and below concolorous with the wings.

Length of body, c^, 0.34, 9, (l.'ili ; of fore wings, J , ().4U, 9, 0.4ti ; ex-
panse of wings, ('.82-0.!);") inch.

Milford, X. II. (C. P. Whiliiey, AJiis. IJost. 8oc. Nat. Hist.); West Rox-
bury, Mass. (Sanborn, Mas. Host. Soc. Nat. lli.-st.); Albany, N. Y. (Lintner) ;
Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef).

This beautiful little six'cies is of th((saine shape as in the iiime coninion
dull-greeu iV. grutata, but differs in the body and wings being usually of a
uniform deep ochreous-orange tint above and beneath.

The specimen received from I\Ir. Lintmsr agrees with \Valker's descrip-
tion of J\. uicvrtdta. Both wings are above yellowish-green, and the fringe
is slightly reddish, but the wings lieiieath are deep orange; it is thus, when
seen aijove, apparently a variety of gratahu but l)eiieath is unmistakably
sxhcroceata. Specimens may still lie found to connect the two s])eeie.s. All
three species are much alike, and the ditlerences Itetween them very slight.

Nemori.a. gkatata Walker, MS. Plate 10, tiir. 79.

4 S and 4 9. — Dull deep green, with a single faint, whitish, wavy line
on the outer fourth of the wing, parallel with the outer edge of the wing.
(This line is sometimes wanting, and there are no other markings on the
wing in perfectly fresh specimens.) The fringe has a decided reddish tinge,
or is concolorous with the wing. Beneath paler than above, with no mark-
ings. Both wings are of the same hue, and the fringe iieneath is reddish.
Prothorax deep rusty-ochreous. Head whitish-ochreous on the vertex,
including the antenna'; front deep rust-l)rown. Palpi and legs ochreoiis.

Length of body, i, O.oO, 9, 0.32; of fore wings, J , 0.35, 9, 0.35-0.40;
expanse of wings, 0.80-0.85 inch.

Brunswick, Me., common in fields adjoiniiiir pine-woods, May 2.S to
June 10 (Packard); Loudon, Canada (Saunders); Salem, Mass.. June 17
(Cassino) ; Amherst, Mass. (Goodell) ; Boston, .Mass. (Sanltoin; : Lansing.

o(4

Mirli. (Cook): All.;iii\, N. V., .May .iluMe.skc) ; Philadflpliia, Pa. (Amer.

I'Ali. Sue).

This* species, coiniiioii iiorlliwanl, may l)c kii()\\ii l)y the unusualh' deep
(liiU-iTeeuish tint; the coiunioii line, and only one present, is very laintly
marked, sunielimes entirely wanting. The fringe varies in being concolorous
with the wing or tinge<l w ith reddish. There is sometimes a russet tint to
tlie winns. P is smaller than A. snhrrurcafa, with a lilunter apex to (he fore
winiis and less angular hind wings.

Nemoria I'isTACiATA Guenec. Plate lU, tig. 80.

Stimiria '.' pixtmiaria GiU-'ii., PUal.. i, :i4S, 1S57. .

\V;ilk., List Lei>. Het. Br. Mus., xxii, .'■):!4, ISOI.

4 9. — This is a larger species than 5-/(f/«/«, with more produced acute
line wings and much more angular hind wings, as well as more distinct
markini.'■^^. Front edge of prothora.x and jialpi and legs deep ochreous.
Front of head reddish. Wings deep sea-green, of the same tint as in
iV. ni-dUita. ("osta of fore wings tinged with reddish on the extreme edge
(no inner line to he seen in my s[)ecimens). An outer line common to l)oth
wings, at ai>out tlie .same relative distance from the outer edge as in g rat at a ;
the line on the foi-e wings is a little sinuous, when a little efiliced represented
l)y venular dots; on the hind wings, the line is bent at nearly right angles
following the outline of the outer edge. The fringe on lioth wings is rather
long and unusually reddish (but in one case pale-green). Beneath, both
wings are unitormly jiale jiea-green, with the costaof the t()re wings distinctly
yellowish ; the fringe is reddish, as above. I'xitli wings w ili> very iinni discal
dark-green discolorations.

Length oflxidy. 9, ().;)4 : of tin-e wings, 9, 0.4G ; expanse of wings, O.iM)
iiicii.

Salem, Mass., .June S (Cassiuo) ; Amherst, Mass., Jun(! 1 (^Peabody) ;
Brooklyn, N. Y. ((xraef); Hastings on Hudson, N. Y. (Grote) ; Albany, N.
Y., June !) ( Meske) ; West Farms, N. Y. (Angus).-

This pi-etf_\ species is larger, with more angular wings, than in iV. grd-
tdtii, and the costa of the foie wings is reddish al)ove and yellow beneath,
though the general lint o! the wings is the isame as in the two species. It
agrees well w ith Guenee s description, except that there is in my examples
no "external second line on the tore wings'', as he states. His description
is based on a sin;jlf "9 <-n /»</"ri/>.s r/r/f''.

3 ( . )

I )(si(lir<t/<i.

Ne/iiuria f fasrcDLii Id (iiicii., I'lial., i, .-ir)!, 18.")7. — "22""". Ailcs siipc'ri-
{•iircs (I'liii vcrl vit'. pjirsciin' iVwwf iiirniili' i\r pclitc sti'ics traiisvcrsali's, dues
ii rin1('rrii|)li(>ii dcs ('caillcs vnlcs, avcc mir sculc lii,nic pen appnrcnic, i!i-(iilc.
Ini-iin'c aussi i)ai- riiifcrniptidu dc ccs ('caillcs. Fraimc \crtc a cxlre'niilc'
l)laiiclic. Cote tiiieniciit liscn'c yU' nisc oljsciir. Ailcs iiili'riciircs bhmclics
ct sciilciucat tciiitucs do vert an hord el a I'aiiirle anal, sans dcssin Dessons
drs (piatre ailes egalenient vcrl, avcc Ic hord interne l)lanc. I'^ront, palpes ct
partie externe des pattes d'un rose sali.

"Californie. Une 9. Coll. I'.dv.

" A'pparticnt-cllc l)icii an i^cnrc Nrmorin ! II landrail voir Ic male ponr
FatHrnier."

Nemoriii indisrrimhtdtd Walk., List Lep. Het. Jir. Mns., xxvi, 1^51),
1S(J2. — "■Female. Pale vcllowisii-green, whitish hcnealh. Palpi ol)li(incly
asc(Miding, l)ent ; third joint linear, shorter and more slender than the second.
Anlenn;c stout. Winirs transversely, minutely and indistinctly mottled with
paler colour; interior and exterior lines paler, very indistinct. Pore winjijs
hardly acute; costa straight ; exterior horder slightly convex. Len<rlh of the
body 3 lines; of the wings 10 lines. East Florida."

Neinoria? densaria Walk., List Lep. flet. Br. Mns., xxvi, 15.')7. 1S()2. —
'■'■Male. Very pale green. Head pale rosy in front. Palpi ol)li([uely ascend-
ing, not rising higher than the vertex; third joint conical, very minute.
Antennrt" moderately pectinated, except toward the tips. Legs smooth ; hind
tibia', with apical spurs only. Wings moderately broad, with a paler, straiicht,
oblique exterior line; fringe long, fidl. P^ore wings hardly acute: cdsta
hardly convex ; exterim- horde- convex, moderately oijliipu'. LeiJirth of the
body 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines. East Florida."

ANNEMORLA Packard. Plate 4, tig. 10.

JCiiiiciiiiirin I'iick., Prou. Hnsf. Sm-. \;it. llisl.. xvi, :!0, IsTi.

Allied to Eucroslif!, but the head is much narrower in trout, ami not so
broad on the vertex: in front, the sides are nearly parallel. Palpi alxmt as
long as in Eucrostis, but much stouter, slightly ascendinir: third joint distinct,
thick, rounded. Antennn: pectinated nearly to the ends, the branches short,
those in the middle of tiie antenn;e about twice as loni;' as the joints. I'^ore

wiiijjs ^^llal»t■(l iiiticli iis in Eucroxdx, \)nt ratlicr more pointed at the apex;
outer edge straiglitcr: hind wings long, imich more ronnded, and not angii-
liilcd, as in Eucrostis.

'V\w costal space of the fore wings is very much narrower than in Encrostis.
\'('nation much as in C/ilorosea, but the free end of the costal vein is thrown
off from the outer end of the subcostal cell, and the origin of the sixth sub-
(•ostal veiuile is ratiier remote from that of the iuiterior discal venule. Alxlo-
men siiaped much as in Euciotitis, being acutely pointed at the tip, whicli just
readies the anal angle of the hind wings. Hind til)ia> swollen, with lour
stout acute spurs, while there are Init two (terminal) in Eiicrostis (male); a
long large accessory tuff, as in Eucrostis. Hind tarsi slender, nearly tvvo-
tiiirds as long as the til)i;e, while in Encroxtis they are half as long as the
tibia' and stouter. The single sjiecies known is light green, with a single
rather l)road common line, not wavy and straight on the fore wings, curved
on the hind wings. DiB'ers Irom Clilorosea in the more rounded hind wings
and in the venation.

Annkmokia IMTAKIA Packard.

KiimmoiHi iiiiildria J';u'k., I'loc. Bust. Soc. N:it. Hist., xvi, 'M, 1874.

1 (f . — Pali)i pink; front red; vertex white and antennce white above;
abdomen white; thorax and wings deep pea-green, deeper than in Eucrosfix.
Extreme co.stal edge white. A single common white line cros.ses both wings;
on the primaries it is straight, and situated just beyond the middle of the
wing; on the hind wings it is well curveil, and situated just beyond the
middle of the wing. Fringe white, on the outer edge pinkish. Two anterior,
pairs of legs reddish.

Length of l»o(ly, 0.45 : (d' fore wing, 0.58 ; expanse of wings, 1 10 inches

Nevada (Ivlwards).

The narrow, rvA fioiH and the structure of the hind legs, the pinkish
eilge of the fringe, and its rather large size, are the distinguishing marks of
this species.

OHLOHOSKA* I'ackard. I'lale 4, tig. 11.

( lih<r„:,„ I'url,., Pi."-. liost:. ,S(U', Nat. Hisl., svi, ;'.l, 1S7I.

Belonging apparently to the same group as Nemona anil Anncmoria^ and
less closely to Phorodesma. Head with the vertex not so broad in proportion

377

as ill Eucrostix or r.-ieudotciyna ; I'mnt inodcraicly broad, less so, however,
lliaii ill Eiicroxfis. Palpi rallicr loiiir and slender, project iiig liirther tiian usual
ix'Vond tlie front (llionsrli not nearly so nincli so as in Si/nclilora), sli<rlitly
ascending; tliird joint small, Iml distinct. AnteniKe pectinated alino.st to tlic
tip: l)raiiclies about half as long in proportion as in I'lucros/is. or lon<rer than
ill any other geims except Eucroslis: in llie female, slender and filiibrm. Fort;
wings shaped niiudi as in Jliicioslis, costa curv<'d in the same manner; aj)cx
subacnt(% outer edge curved in iiiiudi the same way. The. costal space; is
slightly narrower in pro|)()iiioii than in Eucrostis^ and the iiflh sulicostal or
sul)a])ieal space is small, being one-fourth as long as the wing, wiiile in
Eticrostis it is much larger, being one-third as long as the costa of the wing.
Hind wings of much the same shape as in Fhorodesma and PscHdoterpna, not
being produced and subangnlated as in Eitcyo-sds, or so long and fully rounded
as in Eiinemorin ; the apical region is full and rounded, while the outer edge
is very straight. The venation is niiudi as in Annemoria, the posterior discal
venule being greatly curved; the sixth sul)C()stal venule co-originates with
the anterior discal venule. The costal vein, after anastomosing with the sub-
costal, is thrown off near the Itase of the subcostal c<'ll. 'I'he abdomen docs
not reach the anal angle of the hind wings; its shape is much as in Eucrostis.
Hind legs nnusually small; tibije very slender and short, shorter than the
tarsi, and with but a single terminal pair of spurs in both sexes. No essen-
tial dilTerence between the .sexes, excejit in the antennae.

Coloration pale green, with a single oblique white line on the i()re wings ;
hind wings immaculate. The known species are of larger size than usual in
tile allied genera.

While the palpi are less ascending than in Eucrostis, tiie antennae are one-
iialf as widely pectinated, I)ut wider than in E/tncmoria, ui\ in fiict, any genus
of the subfamily except Eucrostis. The hind legs are mucii as in Phorodesma,
but tliere is but one jiair of spurs, and the vertex -is not so broad as in that
genus, while the antenna' are pectinated near the tip. The hind wings are
more produced toward the apex than in Annnnoria.

Sy/iopxis of the iSjfecies.

Of large size, w ith male anteuuai iiarru wly pectiuated C. nevadaria.

Like ucradaria, but fore wiugs sharper ; outer edjre more oliliquc; C. bistriuria.

Small: male with very Inoadly-pectinated anteniue C. pernrirfflii'a.

48 p H

(1

37R

ChloroseA NKVADAKIA Packard. Plate 10, tig. 81.

Ihlvivmi mvactarm I'lK-U., I'ruc. Hast. .Sw. Nat. Hist., xvi, ill, is? 1.

2 cf and 5 ?. — Pale pea-green. Head whitish at the in.seitiou uf the
aiiteniite (which are white al)()ve), but greenish on iiie hinder edge of vertex;
front pale greeni.sh, pink on the or])its, or enlirel_y jiink. Palpi whitish:
tliorax "■reen. Both winus i)ale ijreen, coarsely tind difiuselv stii<zate<l with
white. Fore wings whitish on extreme edge of costa; an (>i)rKpie, ratlier
))roa(l hand, straight in its course, crosses the wing from jnst l)eyond tlic
middle of the inner edge to the outer fifth of the co.sta; it is situated nearer
the outer edge in the t(?male. No otiier markings. Hind wings slightly pal
than the primaries, with a Avhite line just beyonil the middle, broader an
less distinct than on the fore wings. Beneath, uniformly pale green ; hind
wings a little paler than primaries: faint traees of the line on the fore wings.
Legs whitish; two anterior pairs of tibi;i3 jnnk. Abdomen white, tinged
with pinkish at the base, with two conspicuous round spots, having an irreg-
idar V-shaped pink spot between them, and another l)ehiiid.

Length of body, ■i,().5b. 9,0.45-0.50; fore wing, <?,0.70, 9, O.(iO-0.68;
expanse of wings, 1.45 inches.

Nevada (Edwards) ; Victoria, Vancouver Island (Crotch, Mus. Comi).
Zool.) ; Southern California (U. S. Dept. Agriculture) : Sanzalito, Cal., June
2-7 (Behrens).

The species may be recognized by its large size, the single line eonmion
to both wings, l)y the white and pink spotted abdomen, and l)y the very slen-
der hind legs with the single pair of til)ial spurs.

ChLOROSEA HISTRIAKIA, fip. iior. Plate 13, fig. 55.

1 i . — Tiiis tine siiecies is intermediate between C. iievadaria auA pervi-
ridarid. It is of the same size as nevadaria, but the tore wings are more
produced toward the apex, the outer edge being more obliipie : the antenna'
are much more heavily pectinated, while the palpi are cmisiderably stouter.
From ( '. poijir'nliirhi it dili'eis in being much larger, the antemue are a little
more heavily pectinated, while the paljii are stouter; the wings are also a
little more piodiiced toward the apex, the outer edge being much more
ol)rKiue. Body and winixs jiea-green. Head in front roseate. Fore wings
willi two heavy, broad, distinct, parallel, white lines; the imier line arises in

379

llif iiiiddlc i>r the cdsia and ciuls on IIkj iiiiirr ihiid of Ihc iniici- ri\<rf of the
u iiio : the (inter line is nearly parallel with the outer v(\in-- oC the wing, l)ut
is still more ol)rK|Ue, ending' a little inside ol' the outer third ol' tlu' inner
edge. Hind wings of tin; same lorin as in C. peroitidaria; white on the
inner two-thirds, l^enealh, greenish, with an extradiscal l)road l)and on l)oth
wings ; that on the hinder pair being mnch broader than that on tlje fore
wings.

Leiiirtii of Inidv, <f . 0. .')(); ni' iiire wing, J, (I.6S ; expanse of wings, 1.40
inches.

Nevada (11. Edwards).

CHLOKO.SEA PKRVlRlD.Vlv'lA, sp. HOV. Phlto 10, fig. 82.

2 (f . — Of the same form as in C. nevadaria, with longer pectinations to
the antennae. Front, reddish-brown; vertex and antennae reddish. Palpi
rather brighter reddish than the front of the head.. Head beneath, thorax,
and wings bright pea-green. Fore w ings nniformly bright pea-green, with
no markings except a single, narrow, oblique, firm, white line, which runs
from a little beyond the middle of tlu' inner edge to the outer tilth of the
costa; costal edge reddish (hind wings greenish, like the fore wings). Beneath,
l)oth wings of the same hue as above, hinder pair uniibnnly greenish ; a faint
trace of the oblique line on the fore wings. Legs greenish ; anterior and
middle tibia3 deep red internally, white externally: all the tarsi whitish.
Al)domen whitish, with some green scales.

Length of body, S , 0.;15 ; of fon^ wings, 9, 0.50; expanse of wings,
1.00 inch.

Sunzalito, Cal., June; 27 to July 10 (Belirens).

This pretty species ditlers from ('. neiiadav'ui in its much smaller size,
more broadly-pectinated antenn;e, reddish costa, an<l brown front.

8YNCHL0RA C4uen.:e. Plate. 4, Hgs. !), 12.

SyncMora (Jucn., Plial., i, ;i7r>, 1S57.

JCtmemoria Pacli., Fiftli Auu. Hep. P<:i)i. Acad. Sc, Tii, rr-7:;.

i. — Allied more closely to h'lir/ieuspf/ii than any other genus of this
group. The front is unusually l)road and s(piare, much more so than in
Aplodes. 31ale palpi short, small, and weak, not I'xtendinir Iteyond the tront;
tip subacute, hairy; tern)inal joint short, pointed, partially concealed in the

380

hairs of llie second ; in the tenuile, renuirkiil)!}- long and slender, extending tar
hcyond tlie head ; third joint long and slender, one-half as long as the second
joint. Antt!nn;e short, just lialt' as long as the ("ore wings, stout, thick at
base, well pectinated on the basal two-thirds, terminal third simple. AVings
of much the same sbape as in Aplodes, Ijut the outer side is more oblique.
The hind wings are of the .same shape as in Aplodes; not angulated mesially,
but well rounded on liic outer edge. All the venides are shorter than in
Aplodes, originating farther out toward the onter edge of the wing. The
subcostal venules much shorter than in Aplodes. and the posterior discal
venule much less bent. The body is short and stout, and the abdomen is not
ornamenled with pale pustules or reddish scales, but with a dor.sal white
line. The front is more like Nemoria than Aplodes. Hind legs as in Aplodes.

The species of this genns may be known by the broad tVont of the
head (not square, as in Aplodes), by the straight costa of the fore wings, and
the rounded outer edge of the hind wings. The antennte are more broadly
pectinated than in Aplodes. The palpi differ greatly in the two sexes, so that
I was misled into separating the males, and regarding them as types of a dis-
tinct genus {Eiinemorin). The female palpi are of great length, and are much
as in Racheospila.

Larva. — Body cylindrical, ornamented with large conical or ffap-like
dorsal tuljercles. Plate 13, fig. 2',], is probably the larva of Synchlora e.rcur-
varia. The moth, copied from Aljbot's MS. drawing, is represented by fig.
41, and agrees well with excurvaria, but may prove to be distinct. The
caterpillar is rather thick-bodied, with ten very large dorsal tubercles, which
are brown, tipped with yellow. The body is yellowish, thickly spotted and
slashed with brown. It bears a close resemblance in color to the brown
center of the flower i.A' Rudbeckia nitlda, the food-plant. The pupa is moder-
ately Ihick and brown.

The larva (plalc lo, fig. ol) of another Sijnrhlora (tig. 46) allied to
exct/rraila, but with the fringe of the wings red, is represented by Abbot
in a MS. drawing as (piite slender and cylindrical, green, with a reddish
head, and seven pairs of slender, red, conical tuliercles, the sixth pair sitnated
a little Ix'hind the middle of the body, and the seventh lorming the terminal
pair. Tiie chry.salis is reddish-green and very slender. The food-plant is
Baalt a /is h all mi folia.

:!si

Si//iopsi.s of iJic Sjiirit's.

Costn ol' wings roildisli S. Iricoloraria. '

I'niut j;rcni, lims nmcli i-xctirvcd. ntxl Rall(i]is liiijio S. ijrciinaria. --

I'i'diit ^ri'oii ; scallops sli<;litly inaikcd ; outer lino slijjlitly simioiis ,S'. nihinnariii.

FfiUiilc like loiimlc of ndiivoiaria. lnit willi llie IVonl reildish N. rubrij'nmturin.

Synchloka tricolokaria PacUiird. I'hite 10, fig. 83.

Emumoria tr'noloruria I'ack., Pioc. Host. Soe. Nat. Hist., xvi, :iO, 1874.

1 / and 1 9. — Auteiiiia' well |»et'tiiiat('(l, while al)()V(' : palpi .stout, red,
wliiti! aloiiij tlie lower edire : wiiii{s iimcli as in tlie eastern species, iS.
mbivoraria. Front duller -red llian palpi; vertex wiiite, with a lew reddish
scales at base, JJody and wings pea-green. Fore wiiiirs green ; costa white,
tinged with icd at the base. Two curved, mnch wrinkled, white lines
nearer together and more waved than usual, cross eacii wing. Fringe green,
whitish at insertion tiiid at the outer (>dge. Fore and middle til)i;v and tarsi
reddish. Beneath, t()re wings ])ale, deeper green on the costal half; basal
two-thirds of costa d<'ej) red. Hind wings whitish-green. The outer line
on (ore wings faintlv re-appears. Abdomen wanting.

Length of fore wing, c?. 0.40, 9,0.50; expanse of wings, 0.85-1.00 inch.

California (Edwards): Sanzalito, Cal. (Behreiis).

The female is mnch larger than the male, and has very long pink palpi.
This species differs from all the Atlantic States species in the co.sta of the
fore wings being reddish.

Synchlora KXCURVARiA Packard. Plate 10, tig. 85.

Si/iirlilorfi ixciu-rurid Pack., I'il'tli Rep. lVal>. Acad. Sc, /ti, 1S7;5.

1 (^ and ;5 9. — Of the usual form. Front green. Palpi green, tipped
with pale brown or reddish. Fore wings whitish on the costa, the two lines
much as usual and at the usual distance apart; inner line sinuate; outer line
on both wings much more irregular and wavy than usual, approaching the
outer edge more on the median venules. Tiie usual white line on the abdomen.
Beneath whitish, greenish on costal half oi tore wing; two anterior pairs of
legs greenish at base; fore tibia' washed with pale brown.

Length of body. <^ , 0.30, 9, 0.30; fore wing, <? , 0.32, 9. 0.40; e.\i)an.M;
of wings, 0.65-O.'iO inch.

Demopolis, Ala. (Grote); Dallas, Te.xas, (Vtol)er 1 (Boll, :\lus. Peal).
Acad. Sc); Waco, Tex., October 10 (Belfrage).

This species differs from the others by the outer line being much more

scalli)|)('(l iuul ciirNcd oiilwiii'd iicnr llic oiilcr cdiic of (lie wing, niakini;' a bold

and sudden cnivc on bolli wiiias; tlic inner line e()niint)n to Ijotii wiuii's with

•I ^

nincli larifer scallops than in any oC the olIkm- species known to mc.
Synciilora ri'bivouaria Packard. Plate 10, fig. 8G.

Alilodeis nibimi-d U'lluyl, First Ann. Kep. Ins. Missouri, lli'J, plate 2, ti<;. '-i-'', lS(iy.
,->iliichlura (itholiiicaUi Paclc, Fii'tli Ann. Kep. Peal). Acad. Sc., Tf), 187:!.
luineinorin firatilurin l^acl;., Fiftli Rej). Teab. .Vcail So., T7, 1S7:!.

10 S and 6 9. — Pea-green; a white stripe lietweeii tiie antenna', which
are also white, and IxMieath pale testaceous; palpi and legs white; front and
pectus green; a green stripe on the tore trochanters. Palpi very long,
extending ont nearly twice the length of the head, greenish or reddish at tip.
Fore wings with thc^ costal edge white: a basal curved line, slightly dentate,
on the venules. Distal dot very linear, pale, obscure. Outer white line par-
allel with the outer edge, dentate on the venules. Edge with white dots on
the venules. Fringe pale green. Secondaries with a much curved basal
white line, a linear, small, white, discal dot; outer line very dentate on the
venules, much more so than the same line on tore wings. Fringe pale; edge
witii white dots on ends of venules. Beneath, fore wings testaceous, whitisl
on co.stal edge; fringe white?; anterior half of wings greenish, posterior
whitish. Secondaries whitish ; the line appears, though very laintly. Abdo-
men green, streaked mesially with white.

Length of body, c?, O.Ho, 9, 0.4;5; length ot fore wing, S , O.^G, 9, 0.54;
e.\|)ansion (_)f wings, 0.6,0-1.08 inches.

Maine (Packard); Boston, Mass. (Sanborn); Natick, IVIass. (Stratton);
"Mass., Aug. 5" (Harris Coll. Bost. Soc Nat. Hist.); Springfield, Mass., July
19 (Diinmock); Dorchester, Mass. (Sanborn); Amherst, Mass., September;
Brooklyiv N. Y. (Graef); Long Island (Morrison); West Farms, N. Y.
(Angus); New Jersey (Sachs); Central Mis.souri, September (Riley) ; Law-
rence, Kans. (Snow); Demopolis, Ala (Grote); Dallas, Te.x., June Hi (Boll,
Mus. Peal). Acad. Sc).

^riiis conunon species may l)e recognized by the unitiirmly green front
of the head; otherwisf^ it very closely resembles *S rub/ifroiihuia. It varies
greatly, as do all the species in size. It also varies somewhat in the distance
between the two common lines, and in the degree of sinuosity and scalloping
of the lines.

Larna. — "('olor light yellowish-gray, darker just behind each joi

>lr

and

:;s;;

very ini(.'uti'!_\ rsliiii;rc('iic(l all over. ( »ii racli srn;inciit, a |iii)iiiiiiciil, [loiiitcd,
siraitrlit ]>r(ii(^<'li(i:i mi cacii side ol" I lie (lorsimi, and several iiiiiinr warfs and
])i'i(d\les ix'low. Two very slij^lilly I'aised, loiiLrit ndinal, liirliler lines alonu llie
dorsum, Ix'tween the proniineni |)ri(d\les. 'Ten IciJis. Averajfe lenirtli, O.SO
incli. Tl lias the peculiar I'acully of ihorou<,dily ilissuisiug ilsell' w ilh pieces ol'
dried berry, seed, pollen, and oilier dvhris ol' ( lie friiij, which i1 slicks to a .series
of prickles witii which il is liirnislied. Add lo lliis disLrnise Ihe hahit which
it has of loopiuii: ilself into a small hall, and il ainiosi defies deteclion. It is
most nmneroiis (in Illinois) during' the monllis of dune and .FuU, Ihe motli
appearing .luly 9. 11 Ireds upon Ihe fruit of the raspberry. "' — liile\.

Syxchlora KUiiRiFKONTARiA Packard.

Synchlora ruhrifronlaria I'acli., Fiflli Rep. I'l-ab. Acad. .Sc, 7o, l."^7;i.

1 i and 3 9. — Closelv reseinblinsj S. rubwortnic/, l)ul difl'eriiiir in the
iVoiil and palpi Ix'iiiir reddish, as also the fore lii)i;i'; the tore wings aro a
little nioi'e prolonat'd toward the ape.\, bul ihe markings and coloration
of the wiiiirs and Ixwly are almost identical, except that the basal line on the
liind wings is much less curved than in the other species, and the lines
generally are a little less curved, i)ut alxnit the same distance apart.

Length of body, S ()..'55-0.38 : length of fore wing, <f OAo-OJA} : ex-
])anse of wings, 0.8;")— 1.0") inches.

West Farms, N. Y. (Angus) : JJrooklyn, X. Y. (Graef) : Central j\Iis-
souri, August (Kihiy).

This species differs from the more al)undant jS'. rubivorarin in the front

of the head being reddish and the lines more distinctly scalloped and

in(din(;d to be heavier.

Desiderafinii.

l^lipichlora Uquoraria Gnen., Phal, i, .")75, IS")?. — ••23""". Ailes d'un vert
pomme, a frange concolore a la base, filanchatre a rextrenfite, preccdee
seulement de petits poirits blanc places an bout des nervures. Les dtMix
lignes communes, blanche-s, bien nettes, la premiere ondee, la seconde denlee.
Un trait cellulaire i)eu visii)le. 8uperienres avec la cote blanche, li.seree
inteirienrement de rose came. Dessous d'un blanc-verdatre. Les siipe-
ricures plus verfes, avec la cote phis largement rose (pi'en dessus.' Front
(fun carne obscnr. I'alpes blancs, teintes de rose. .Vlidomen blaiic, a dos
vert, divise par une ligne niedianc blaiudie.

••("alitiu-nie. Fne <? . ('!oll. R<lv."'

:384

RACHEOSPILA Gumev.

Kachi'ospila Giicii.. FIkiI. i. 'M'i, IH.")".

Willie . \a-\k Hi-t. Br. Mils., xxii, .".^1. ISfU.

"Autcniics (Ics c^ pectinecs, a soinmct filiformes. Pnlpes ;\ dernier
article liiieaire, plus on inoins lung. Corps as.sez robuste ; ralxlomen muni
(It! petites cretes redresst'es on orne de taclics blanches, cerck'es de rouge
obscur, conique cliez les c? , ovoides, c'pais chez les 9. Pattes greles, assez
longues, sans aigrettes; les tibias ])osterieurs a deux pnires dVperous. Ailes
entieres, a t'range liseree on entre conpee de rouge: les interieures avec
UH coude ))en seuti ou milieu."

From the want of any male in this genus, I am obliged to copy
Gnenee's description. Comparing my single female of II. sitellarta Guen.,
fiom Porto Rico, I am unalde to find any good structural characters to
sei)arate it from females of Sj/nchlord. In the style of coloration, it differs
decidedly, having a well-marked brown discal <lot on each wing, and a dorsal
row of raised abdominal white round spots surrounded with red. The usual
white lines are I'cpresented l)y rows ol isolated white dots. The hind wings
are, ])erluips, a little less convex on the outer edge than in SyncJdora. The
female palpi are as in Sync/i/ora. Until our native species is discovered in
both sexes, the generic characters must remain as (pioted from M. Guenee.
In venation. 11. sitellaria differs from Si/nc///ora chiefly in the posterior discal
venule beini^ bent in the middle rather than near the origin, as usual : other-
wise the venation is much as in Synclilom.

Kacueospila LixARiA Guenec.

Ilachcospilii lijraria Uuhii., I'hal., i, 374.

W:ilk., List Lep. Htt. Br. Miis., xxii, HSl, ISIU.

"26"°'". Ailes dun ])ean vert-d'eau, avec nn liseree rouge fin, tr^s-net,
interrompu par des points I)lancs vis-<\-vis des traits rouges qui entre conpent
la frange. Une lignc commune, tres-fine, dentee, d'un blanc-verdatre, traverse
le milieu des ailes qui out, en outre, chacune un tres-petit point cellulaire
brun. Les superieures out la cote liseree de blanc. Dessous d'un blanc-
verdatre pale, avec le liseree tres-distinct. Front rouge. Abdomen avec
d(( grandes taches blanches liserees de rouge. Ameri(pie septentrionale.
Un <?. Coll. Guen."

ArLODES Giicnrc. I'laic 1. fiirs. i;;, \?.a.

.Iphdrn Uiioii., riiiil., i, 37G, l.-T)?.

iuul lotlin Walk, (ill piirt), List Le|>. Urt. I>i'. Miis., xxii, 510, .',8;;, 1SC,1,
nipjmnhisvliiis Walsh, I'loc. Uo^t. Soc. Nat. IIi,st., ix, olid, 1H(>1.

Head nearly s(|uar(' in t'nmt. Palpi slii,'lilly a.^ccndinir, raliicr .•^lender,
fcacliiinr a litllc in iVinit ol'llic head; lliiid joini slioii. conical. Antenna'.
(iT male willi sluni. sh'nder |iec1inati()i;s. I'^nre \vini:.-< willi llie co.-ila rather
iidl : ape.x .--idiaente. Hind \\in:is nsnally (list inci ly angled in the middle.
X'enalion : a .siihco.stal cell cldsed or (ipen ; I he costal \ ein toiudies the middle
of" t lie snix-ostal cell, llu^ postei'ior discal venide and the fii'sl two median
venides eit her co-oriainatiniior the oriiiin of the first nwdian remote from
that of the second, lliml leirs cA' the male: lii)i;e rather Kmilt, lonr eipial
spurs, with a pointed projection extending heyond the spines; tarsi slioil,
very slender, lint little more than half as lonir as the tihi;;'. Ahdomen loni,''
and slender, Jireeifish above and spoiled witii while, or with a lona', white,
dorsal hand. Win^^s with two common, white, nai'row lines, the onlei' line
on tin' hind winirs nsnally distinct y i)ent.

The irreeii or whitish alidonu'ii, with the eonspicnons white or reddish
spots, and the angled hind winiijs, dislini,niish the species of ihis i:eniis (Vom
Rdc/ico.spi/ii, in whitdi the species are smaller, with very lonir palpi, I In;
third joint heing ol' great length, wliile the spots on the ahdomen are wliite
siirroiiiidcd with red.

Larva. — " 'l'eii-1'oott'd, its dorsum with cni'ved lateral ap[)endages cov-
ered with shoi't, velvety hair, and simihii' to those (d' Lnudcoch's ! Inialtniis
AValsh, except that they are miudi shoiler and none of them ahi-nptly longer
than the others.'' — (Walsh.) The pnpa i.s greenish or in'ownish, enclosed in
a slight cocoon among leaves, fastened togetlwr with a lew silk threads. —

(Seu(hler.)

Si/nopsis (if I he Speacs.

A. (Origin of first median venule remote fiom ihat of the second;

liiiid wings scairely Went; aixlomen spotted with red:

Grcon, ■n-illi a biouii liue lieliiml llio aiitrnii;;-; I'lin^i; ntildi.sli on Ihu

on tor two-tliirds •(. ridirij'roiifaiiii.

B. First and second median and |)osterior discal vemiles co-

originating; hind winys angled :

rt. Spcchft hroicii :

Hrown, witli a iiiai{;iiial, daiUcr, iiitiri iipti'il line I. Iiniiiiicaiin.

HI 1- H

SBC)

/;. iSptms r/ntii :

Laigef tliau the siiccct'diiig siictii-s ; liind \viiij;.s Iiont ; tUi'cc coiispioiious

abdoininal spots A. m imonaria. ~l

Like A. rulrifroiiiuria, liut witli the liucs broader than usual A. ruhromnii/waria.^\

A line, iiitt'rni)itcd, reddish line at base of fringe A. ruhroliticuria.

The two lines ou fore n ings veiy wide apart; frin{;e white J. latiar'm.

The two lines apprnxiniate; fringe green A. appiuxiiiunin.

Aplodks lar.KiFKONTAi.iA Puokai'd. Plate 10, fiy. 87.

Hucliidypihi I iihi-ifiviilai id I'ael;., FiKh Kep. IVab. Acad. .Sc, 7G, \S':i.

2 (} and .'! 9. — Front pale oclii-eons-ljnnvn; front edge and clypciis pale,
coneolorons, slii;hlly rosetite at tip; vertex white hetwecn the antennae, mar-
gined l)fliiiid with reddish. Antenr.iff pale testaeeons, whitish above. Wings
pea-green, as usual: eo.stal edge ot" primaries whitir ii: an inner, slightl}' enrved,
irregidarl}-nndidating line; ;ui outer, more distinet, straight line, a little waved
just liefore the eosia, wiiere it liccomes obsolete; outer half of fringe rosa-
eeons; fringe rosy on tip of the fon^ wings. On the secondarie-s but one line,
1)ent u good deal in the middle. Beneath, palei', the lines appearing faintly
through. TIkjI'ux green, a white (sometimes red) blister at base of abdomen;
on third and tbiirth abdominal rings a white spot, margined irregularly with
dull oehreous or entirely reddish; beyond white. Legs concolorous with

the front.

«

Length of body, J, 0.40, 9, 0.40; of fore wing, J, 0.53, 9, O.GO;
expanse of wings, 1.10-1.25 iiuhes.

Brnnswieli, 5Ie , June G, in open fields near pine-woods (Paekard);
JIassaehnsctts (Sanborn) : Chicago, III. (Wescott) ; Victoria, Vancouver
Island, Jidy (Crotch); Sierra Nevada (Croteli, JIus. Comp. Zoijl.).

Th(^ oehreoiis-brown Iront, legs, and ])al[)i tipped with rosaceous, iha
alxlomen green at base, with the conspicuous blister, white in the male and
red in the I'emale, and the two succeeding dull reddish spots, ami the red
sjjot on Iht^ fiinge at th(> apex of the for(^ wings, will distinguish this not
imconnnou spe('ies.

I am imabhi (o <lelect any diderences between the Pacific and Atl<mt!e
coast indivi(bials in the markings or colors. The ieniale from Sierra Nevada
is slightly larger tiian the female from Chicago, the; fore wing of the lljrmer
measuring O.G.'j and that of the latter O.GO inch. In a specimen I'rom Texas,
there are l()nr discal spots; in other respects, it docs not seein to diil'er froui
nort hern speciMiu'iis.

?,Vu

Jjdna (1)1(1 ])ll)HI. The lollowillir iIcscrililiDIl nl'lhc l;il\;i ;iM(l |ill|i;iis

(•()[)ic(l Iroiii Mr. Sciiddci's nnlcs; " Ijtjlii ^rass-iffccii. Tlic sli;i|)r of llic
l;irv;i is (juite peculiar. Tlu; licad is (|iiil(' small ami may Ix; parliallv
\villi(li-a\vii williiii the protlioracic scirmciil, the llioiacic sci,rmciits arc also
nitiicr small; llic rcinaiiiiiig scgiuciifs arc nearly equal, hul each scLrmeiil,
hears ;i p(x;iiliar eloiiiralioii at llic lateral line, those ol' tho soumcnl Ix'ariiig
the ventral proleg, and tlie one posterior to it l)eini,Mnn(di smaller than the
rest, liei'omiiig merely a horizontal wart, while on the others they l)0(;()me
(•omi)resse(! appendaijes turned outwards and upwai'ds, inclined conslderahlv
I'orwards and armed at the tip with t wo (dliptical warts, terminated witli a
liristle, the anterior one |)oInting In the general direction of the appendage,
the posterior directed lia(d\ward ; these appendages are reddish towards the
i'ni\ and increase in si/.e posteriorly, attainiiii,^ their maximum size on the
sixth segment and then decreasing to the ninth. The eleventh segment hears
sid)dor.sal liorns long, conical, straight and s|iiny, eacdi surmounted hy a hristle-
hearing wart, like that on each of the lohes of t he ap[!endages nnuitioned. 1'Ik'
jirothoracic .segment also l>eai's iuifc'rioily a ti'ansverse row (d" lour short horns
similar to those on the eleventh segment, and postm'iorly two situated hehiud
the central two of the anterior row; (>ac!i of these hears two hiislles. ( )u
all the other segments thei'c ai'ets'.o pairs of snhchirsal mimite hrisfle-hearim,^
warts. The entire body, legs, head and iiorns are covered with minute short
white blunt spines. The head is rather deeply clelt, whitish, granulated,
with some dark spots; labrum edged with reddish; antemue ])ale. ^Fhe ijody
is slightl}' paler beneath, with a pale stigmata! !>and on (he abdominal segment
turning upward at the fourth and tilth segnu.'nts. Leniiih O.Tit inch, breadth
iV inch. It was found at I'riiu'eton, Mass., Aug. 2-1, li'cding on Coniplonhi
u^plcnifoluj. ()n(he tburtii of September it began to make a cocoon by
fastening together pieces of leavi\s and the ends of whole leaves, with a lew
silk threads.

"Pupa grass green, dotted jirofusidy with dark green; the top of the
head ;md thorax and all of the alKhunen is of a dirty while (-(-iloi', dotted
rather profus(dy with brownish ; the last segmeid is hoof-sliaix'd and yellow-
ish, with two reddish hooks. An indistinct dark stigmalal ban(L Spiracles
lirownisli encircled with dirty while. A black dorsal baud runs the w hoh;
length of the l)ody. Length 0. U inch." A ehi-ysalis was also Itxind at
Framinirham, .\biss., August 1.

:}8H

I Aplodes iturxNEARiA, xj). itor. I'liiti' 10, iig. 8S.

2 c^. — Ot" llic a'vie ol' A. 77iimosaria, Init with the wings !<liglitly mure
ht'iif, piirticularly llic hinder i;air, and the apex of tlie fore -wings more obtuce.
Body and wings ligiil brown. Ileacl wliite on the vertex; in front, brown,
like the rest of (he lied}-. The white liands are airanged niueli as in A.
?/i/^/iontii/(i,\ht'vc being (wo while lines eonmion (o liodi wintrs. (he inner wavy
and fadin;^ away near (lie eosta, (he outer being ,-;lighl]y ol)li(ine and a li((lc
wavy. (.)n the hind wings, the outer line is a lillle bnuuUM- than in iiihitosarla^
jint lient in the middle at (he same angle; a narrow, marginal, dark-brown
line, in(errupted by the venules; fringe long and silky. 13enea(h, paler than
above, with a very liiint oehreous tinge on the costa ; the lines are iiiintly
reprodueed.

Length of body, 9, U.;)o-0.43 ; of tore wing, 9, 0.43-0 53; expanse of
wings, 1 00 inch.

West Virginia, Ai)ril 18 (T. L. Mead); Central Missouri, ilay 7
(Riley); Dallr.s, Texas (Boll, ]\rus. Peal). Acad. Sc).

This diil'ers from all the other species of (his genus in being ])ale l)rown,
and is a remarkable exception to the prevalent mode of coloration in (he
(h'omctrlncp. It diifers from A. mimosaria in the Itlunter apex of the fore
wings, the broader lines, and the presence of a dark, marginal, interrupted
line.

Ldird. — ]5ody shoit and (hick, wi(h (wo small tubercles on the thoracic
segments; four large tiiangular Haps on (he nuMlian rings, ami one on the
end of (he body. I'ale brown, slashed wi(h a darker tint. Pupa slender,
pale brown. ]''ood-plau( .liii^^/diis riii^id (described from Al)l)o(\s MS.
drawings). This is certainly the larva of hiiDinvar'tK ; but since the male is
represented l)y Aijbot as green, and scarcely distinguislialjle from A nihri-
fivnldiid, it may prove (o be the same larva as that described l)y ]\Ir. Scud-
der, and biunncarin may prove to be the female of (his or a closely-allied
species, though what I liave described as the females of ruhrifiontaria seem
to be such. Fig. 47, plate 13, represents (he male of Abl)o('s drawing. '

Aplodes jilmosakia Guenee. Pla(e 10, tig. 89.

Apluihs iiiiiiKisdria Giieii.I, Plial., i, 077, lH."j7.

W.ilk., List Lep. Ilet. Br. Mils., xxii, 586, 18G1.
IvdiH li-aclaria Walk.!!! (Jide Ciiotu), List Lep. Hot. Ur. Mus., xxii, o40, ISGl.
IlijUKOTliinlus reiiKxlim Walsli ! (jUlr Kiley), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ix, 301, 18n4.

4 c^ and 9, — A ra( her larae species, wi(h the antennip moderately well

;J8U

pectinated. A|)e\ el' I'ore w inas s(|iiare, (inter edire not very eoine.x. liinil
wings well rounded, less angnlaled than usual; anal auiile srinare. ]5()d\ aud
wiiiirs (if the usn;d pale-<rreeu cdldr ; head aud antenna' white, Ironl iiriuhl
rosc-eolored, except on lidut Ixirder. I'alpi white; eiul nf seciuid joint aud
under side of thir<l joint ii;>enle. I'xitli pairs of \viu<,r.s crossed liy linear
sliiihtly-waved, whiti' lines. Inner line on liire wiuir, very near the liase ol"
wiiiiT, reiridarly curved ; outer line straiijht, waveil, parajlel with outer edi^e.
Costa narrowly vdgvd w itli white. I'"riiiire w hitc ou both winirs. Hind wiiurs
with the inner line nearer the hase of wiuij than on fore winixs, curved regu-
' larly. Outer liiu' hent outward in tlie middle, the line not so uavvason fore
wing. Beneath, l)oth liises iiiintly reisreduced (not "avcc nne, i^eule li'rjie
hhnchc", as Giience says). Hind w ings aud posterior luo-thirds of fore w ings
wiiitish-grecn. Outer side of foic femora green, of tibia' dull red; two |ios-
terior pairs wiiite. Ai)domeu white, green at base al)ove, witli a cous|)icuous
white spot at l)ase.

Length of body, S, 0.45, 9, 0.40; of fore wing, 6 , O.tIO, 9, O.ot; inch.

Ko.xbury, ]\ras.s., June (C. S. j\[inof): Dedham, Mass. (F. W. Very);
Berkshire County, Mass., July 7 (Shurtleif); Albany, N. Y.*, June 0 (Lintner);
Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef); Philadelphia, I'a. (Amer. Knt. Soe.); Eastoii, I'a.
(Stwltz); Saint Louis, Mo., I\[ay 5 (Riley); Rock Island, 111. (AValsh) ;
"l^enton Falls, N. Y.; Orilla, West Canada; Nova Scotia" (Walker).

Larva and jwjta. — The follow ing description is taken from ]\Ir. Walsh's
account of this iiLsect. "Larva ten-footed, cylindrical, its dorsum with curved
lateral appendages covered with short, velvety hairs, aud similar to those of
Limacodes! hyalinus Walsh, except that they are much shorter aiul none of
them abruptly longer than the others. Of a dingy lirown color, and includ-
ing the appendages about one-fonrth of an inch in diameter.

"The pupa is of a pale ochreous brown color, varied with reddish-lirown,
Avith many iuscous dots, especially along the lunvures oi' the wing-cases, and
with the caudal spine simple. If measures 0.43 inch, including the spine.''
It feeds on the oak.

An.oDE.s KDBRO.MAiaaxAniA, .s^;. nor. Plate; lo, fig. 44.

1 9. — Tliis is rather suudler than any of the other specie.s, but the
wing.s are of the same .shape; the apex of the tore wings is a little more
rounded than in .1. rubrifrunlarid. which it ap|Udaclies in most resjiects nearer

390

than anv dUkm- spcfics. A'l'iicx nf tlic head, and anlcnr.ii' while; t'roul ivd-
dish, with a taint wliitc line at hase and in iVont. I'alpi re(hlish, exlrcuio tip
white. Body and winjrs of the usnal pea-green tint. Fore wings with tlic
usual twv) wliilc lines, bni wider than in any other species of l!ie genus,
particnhirly the outer liii(\ which otlierwise is situated iiiucli as in ,/. nthii-
frontaila. Tlic line on tlic hind wings is but sliiiiitly bent, much less so than
in A. rnhrifionldiia. The fringe is rcddisli, with a deep-red line at the base.
]jody beneath and legs white ((he alidonien above is too much rubbed for
description). ]jeneath, pale grecLiish, with tlu." common white line faintly
reproduced.

Length of bcdy, 9, ().;3o ; of fore wiii^r, ?, 0.45; expanse of wings,
O.DO inch.

Montreal, Canada (C'aultield).

Ai'LODKS RUBROLiNEARiA Packard, riatc 10, iig. DO.

Jlihidci nilroliiicdria Pack., Fifth Rep. I'l/ali. Acuil. He, 74, 1873.

1 S . — Structurally very near A. nt'niiosaria, but diflcrs from it and the other
two species in the peculiar glossy silken luster of the wings, Antenna" and
pal[)i as in A. ni'nnosarta ; palpi reddish on the two terminal joints ; front
reddish. Wings not so deep green as in A. vilmosarta. Fore wings white on
the costa as usual; inner line situated the same distance from the base of
win;r as in niimovdrid, wavy, angulated distinctly outward on the median vein.
( )u1er remote from inner line, a little wavy, and a little narrower than usual.
Secondaries with the two lines well marked, remote inner one distinct, very
near base of wing, curved and waved; outer line slightly wavy, curved out-
ward more than usual in the middle of the wing. Fringe of a peculiar pale
silken-green luster, with a faint narrow red line at base (this line easily over-
looked). Abdomen with a white spot at base, and with two white distinct
bands on two following segments; terminal third wliitc. Fore legs whitish-
brown, ringed with white; two hinder pairs white. _Wings l)eneatli wliitisli-
gr(.'en ; costa of fore wings whit(\ The outer line faintly reproduced on the
fore wings.

Length of body, 0.41 ; fore wing, 0.4G ; expanse of wings, 0.95 inch.

Philadelphia, I'a. (Coll. Anier. Ent. Soc).

This species may at once l)e identiticd by the liiint, linear, reddish line
at base ol fringe.

:v,) 1

ArLODK.s i.AiiAKiA rarkaid. I'lalf \0. liu III.

Jjiloih" htliuria l*;uU , I'il'lli l!<|i. I'rali. Acad. Sc.TI, I^T:i.

1 <? — Pair pca-.vn-cfii. Vir.ui rc(l(li>Ii almvc, I.tIow uliilc; palpi ri-<l(lisli
on llic oiitcr-liall': aiitciiiin' pccliiialcd as usual. "Willies (if the usual i'nv\i\ ;
Idi'c wiu.'js while on the cosla ; the two lliu's rcuuitc : Ihc inner verv near (lie
])ase of wing, a liltle curved and slightly waved. Outer line rather hroader
than usual, at the same dislaiiee from outer edge as usual, slighth' henl lieliiic
reaching the costa. Hind wings with no liasal liiw: the outer line rather
liroad. heut in the middle, not rounded, as in Uu? two other species of its size,
hut much as in ./. luiiiiosinia. Fringe whitish, nearly concolorous with the
lines. ^Vhdomeu with a round white spot at base. ISeneath whitish, green
on costal lialf of liire wings, with the line faiidly reproduced.

Length of body, 0.42; fore wing, O.fjO ; expanse ol" wings, 1.05 iiudies.

Albany. N. Y. (Lintner).

This d<dicate species may be known by the front being Iialf icd aiid
lialf white, i)y the outer line being rather broa<ler and the two lines on for<'
wings ratlier farlluM' apait than usual; also by jhe single line on the hind
wings being angidated, not curved in the middle. In this respect, il diU'ers
Ironi tlie two other species of its size, A. ruhrolincdi id and A. apjrro.riiiKirid.

Aplodes APPKOXiMAiUA Pacdvard. Plate 10, llg. 1)2.

Jploilcs npproxhiKiria Pack., Fil'lli ljt>ii. Pcali. Acid. So., 73, ISTli.

1 9. — Wings iinicli as nsual, though the lore wings are ))roader and the
liiiul wings more rounded and less angulated than in the female of./, niinio-
,s(in(i. Front and outer halt" of ]ialpi reddishdirown. ]'\)i-e \\ings wlnle on
the cosla, as usual; the two whiter lines much nearer together than in any
other s])ecies, the inner line l)eing rcujote from the base, ending nearly in the
middle of the hind edge; it is scarcely curved, and with a slight angle on
the median vidn ; outer line farther from the edue than usual, not waved,
l)eut slightly before reaching the costa. Hind wings with inner lin(^ almost
ol)solele; outer line much nearer ndddle of wimf liian usual, curved, not bent
so nuudi as in the other three species known tome. Fringe green, nearly
concolorous with the body. IJenealli, both \\iuirs greener than in any of the
other species, with fiiint traces of the outer line on (he liu-e wings. 'I'wo
anterior pairs of legs, l)a(he(l in pale brown. Abdomen greenish on liasal
half, w itli a dorsal pale line.

302

Lrii^'th ol' l)()(ly, U.lO; of lore wings, U 5o ; cximiisr (if wings, LOG
inches.

Albany, June !) ( Lintncr).

'^riiis pretty jiTccn species diilers Irdni the dtheiv ol its size in its red
IVont, leaving l)ut a narrow, white, anterior margin, its brown h.-gs, the close
ap|)ro.\iniation of the two lines on the fore w'ings, and in the slightly l)ent and
curved line on the hind wings; also liy the greenish fringe, and l)y liotli wings
l)eing greener than nsual beneath.

l)i\std('ratiiin.

Aphxics iihiuauia Gnen., I'lial., i, 377, 1857. — " 18'"'". Ailes snperienrcs
a liord prescpie droit, inferienres arrondies ; les (jiiatre d'nn vert clair, avec
den.x tines lignes l)lanches, ecartees, prcsque denlees; la premiere comme
chez mlmosnyia; la secondc sinuee aux snperienres, arqucc ct coudce anx
infcrieures; cote des snperienres blanche. Dcssons d'lin blanc-vcrdatre,
sans dessin. Front vert, avcc Ic vertex blanc. Pattes blanches, avec la
partie interne dcs tibias anterieurs un pen rosee. Base de rabdomen verle,
taehee de blaric.

" Georgie americaine. Dcnx S . Coll. Mns. et Lefeljvre."

ANAPLODES, gcu. nor.

Male. — Head rather broad, wider than in JplodfS. Palpi a little longer
than in Aphides, bnt mnch shorter than in Iuic/ieoftj)i/a, porrcct, extending
well in front of the iiead. Antennae pectinated mnch as in Aplodes. Fore
■wings of mnch the same form as in Aplodes, l)ut with the ontcr edge less
oblique. Hind wings mnch as in Aplodes, l)nt with no liend in the outer
edge. Hind legs long and slender; the hind til)i;e not swollen; the tarsi
long ami slender, two-thirds as long as the tibi;e. Abdomen long and slen-
der, as in Aplodes, but with no pink spots.

This genus only seems to differ from Aplodes in the broader front, the
less oblique outer edge of liic lore wings, and the slender, unswoUen hind
tibia", those o^ Aplodes being somewhat swollen, and the tarsi being only onc-
lialf as long ar; the tibia'.

AiXAI'LODES nSTACIAUlA, sp. HOC. Plate lo, tig. 58.

2 (f . — Body and wings of the usual pea-green color. Head white on
the vertex ; in front deep red ; [)alpi deep red. Fore legs in front deep red ;

liind Uli:;r pink cxtcrnanv. I!(;tli wiiiiis mi'.liiiiuly ^t limdcil willi while. A
siniili' wliil'' cxiii'.dist'iil line, (■(uniiioii to IxUli wiiiirs; iii: llic line wiiijj IIk;
liiK' stniiglil. ciidiiii: al llicsiiiiR' dislancc (Hi llic cesla luiiii I lie apex as on
IIk' inner ed^e iVoni the innei" anule. ( )n ihe liii;der paii-, tl;e line is silnaled
on the middle ol llie winir. I >i>cal dols on holli winus liiown. Alnlonien
irreen, whitish on the ed^es and ^ides ol the seiiuients. ('osta ol'liu'e wiiiirs
wliili,-li, tinged iniinediately on the (di^c with l>rown; i)eneath, deep i)riciv-
red on the l)asal lialt". Discal dots l)eneatli on liolli wini^s; thi' coninion line
ol)solete.

Length of Iicdv, i , 0.15: lore wing, J, U.55 ; expanse of wings, 1.10
incdies.

Sanzalilo, Calil'ornia, Jnne 30 (Indirens).

(:!EO:\IKTKA Linn:iM.s (emend.). Plate 4, fig. 14.

Oionntra I.iuii. (in jpart).

" llipiHinhim Lrjicli, Kdiii. Kiic'v., i.\, KM, ISl,")."
ICufliiori.i lliibii., VtTZ., 2!^;!, 181S.
IJutotlialaiiKiK Iliiljii«ij Vurz., iiSj, 1818.
(Uomitia Tieits., Sebni. Eur., v, 430, 18-.i.'>.

Diip., Lop. France, viii (iv), KKi, XSi'.).
Uij)paiiliiix Stepli., Nonicncl. lir. Ins., •!:!, 18'.J'J. *

(jvonutra liuLsil., Gen. IikI., ITi), 1S40.

l)ni>.. Cat., 2-i(\ 18)4.

II. -Sell., .Sehni. Knr., iii, 7, 1S47.

Slepli., Cat. IJr. Lep., lliD, 18o(l.

Gnen., I'lial., i, 341, l8o7.

Walk., List Lep. lUt. IJr. Mils., .Nxii, .".Oi;, 18(;i.

i and 9. — Head scjnarc in front, the sides converging a little anl<'-

riorly. Antenna' moderately pectinated. Palpi in the male large and

hiishy, extending well Ijcyoml the liead, the tliii'd joiid less limn iialf as

l()ng as the second joint is wide; in the female, (he third joint is somewiiaf

longer, and (he palpi project fartli<'r lieyond the liead than in (he male. Fore

wings very slightly sid)falea(e, the (•()s(a full near the suhacute apex: the

outer edge is rather more ohli(pH' than usual, and usually dis(inctly lient in

the micUUe. The hind wiuizs are elongated toward the imier edge, the anal

angle projecting farther than usual 1)eyond the tip of the alxlomen ; the

outer angle is slightly l)en(. Venation minh as in .t])/>i(/<s^ (he |)osterior

discal venule heing curved as in that genus; the costal rcizion hecomes

very luirrow toward (he apex, while ihe space usiudly lepresented hy (he

suhc()s(al ('(dl is consideraiily wider th;m u.<ual ; the urigins of the first and
oO !• II

394

sccoiid iiicdinii venules; ;ire wider ajiarl lliaii usual. Hind legs louij and
slender, Uie larsi veiT lung aiul equaling the til/ue iu lenglli, llic latter with
l()ur large spurs. The species are green, with sealluped or broad, straight
lines.

The long, slouf junlpi, lung liiiul wings and subraleat(> fore wings, and
liroa<l, straighl, ol)li(iue whili' hands and diseal dots, as well as llie large size
ol' the sp^'c-ies, will cnalile them to he readily recognized.

Our G. iridcnia ditlbrs greatly in its markings IVoni the European
(i. j'f'l'ifionaild ; that species has iaint scalloped lines and no diseal dots.

Litrcd ami pupa. — "Caterpillars a little elongated, pubescent, granulated,
armed on the back with rough projections; head snudl ; living on trees,
('hrysalides rugose, grayish-brown (^grues)^ contained in thin silken cocoons
anion <; leaves." — Guenee.

'o

Geojietra ntiDARiA Guenee. l*late 10, iig. Do.

(Iivmiira trhlcirid Oml'ti., Phal., i, r!44, If^")?.

Wulk., List Li-p. Het. IJr. Miis., xxii, 503, 1861.

4 S and 4 9. — Wings entire ; primaries slightly angulated in the middle.
Hind wings rt)undcd, extending liirther lieyond the tip of the ab(U)men than in
^/'. j/c//////<?;;r/rw, while the antenuic are less strongly pectinated than in that
species. The palpi are stout and bushy ; they are brown, white below.
Ib-ad white, with brown scales in front, sometimes forming a line. Body
and wings pea-green. Fore wings white <mi the costa, with brown scales on
the basal half; two broad, white lines of the same width, the t)uter forming
a connnon, line, broad, oblique line, sometimes shaded with taint yellowish
(ui the inner side of the common line and the outer side of the inner line.
Small black diseal dots on both wings; beneath, the dots are much more
conspicuous; the lines faintly re-appear beneath. The fore wings are whitish
on the hinder edge. Fore legs greenish at the base on the trocliantines;
legs white, with some black scales at the base; femora of all three pairs
tipped with l)rown-bIack ; tibia' Itrown at end, and tarsi washed in spots
with \rd\c Ijrown. Abdomen green above, white ))elow.

Length of body, S, 0.42, 9, 0.06; of fore wing, <f , 0.46-0.55, 9, 0 50;
expanse of wings, 1.00-1.55 inches.

Andover, Mass. (Sanborn); Ijrooklyn, N. Y. (Graef); reimsylvania
(Clemens); ]\raryland ((ilover); Demopolis, Ala. (Grote); Lawrence, Kans.
(Snow); Waco, Texas, May to October (Belfrage) ; Sanzalito, Cal. (15ehrcns).

;5D5

This l)c;m(ilul species in;iy i)e :il once luiowii liv I lie I'mir hhick. riiised,
(liscal (lots ;ii!(I l)lack-iiii]ie(l femora, as well as liy I he hmad while iiaiuls and
lirowii-inollled liase ol cosla. It \aries iiincli in size, Ihe lari.'er iiidi\ idiials
hciiiii lari^cr than Ihosi' of any other species of this sulifamilv.

'J'lic C'aliforiuan examples are nmch larj^M-r, witii sliuhlly moic pointed
fore winijs than in eastern examples; the fore wings of Ihe lariresl of lhe two
specimens nioasnrini!: 0.7") inch, Ihe largest eastern example (from Xew VorU)
measnring 0.G3 incdi in length. I'^xcept the diirerences In size. I do nof sen
any others to warrant a, specilic sejiai'alion. 'J'he Caliliirnlan examples
ch)scly resend)le those from Tc.'xas, the lines being inclined to he siraighter
and less ditt'nse, and with less of a yellowish tinge to the wing than in
examples IVom the Xorlhern States. In the shape of the winirs, the 'I'exaii
I'xamples closely appi"oacli the Californian ones, and thus diU'er in a c(U're-
sponding degree Innn indi\idna]s lr(im .Mahama and the Middle and Northei'n
Slates (Alleghanian fanna).

Desiderata.

(leometni iuchisaria Walk., Ids! ],ep. I let. IJr. Mus., x\ii, AGS, lS(il.—
^'Male and J( iiia!e. lii'ight gi-cen. JSody beneath and ahdomen white. Head
ro.sy; vertex white. I'alpi jiorrect, cxt(Miding a little beyond Ihe head; third
j(.)int conical, not more than oik^ louiih of ihe length of the second. Antenna!
slightly peclinated to two-thirds of the length. Ilind tibia' with fonr long
spurs. \)'ings ample, with a black discal point, and with indistinct interior
and exterior denticnlated whitish hnes; marginal line crimson; fringe \cl-
lowish white. l''ore wings aciit(_'; costa white; exterior border hardly conscx,
nujderately ol)li([ne. llind wings extending beyond the abdomen.

"Length of the body 4-4.1 lines; ol' the wings 11-12 lines.

"St. Jolm's Blufi; East Florida."

This is a valid species, and distinct iVcun 6'. iriddria.

Ccomeira mimicata "Walk.. List Lep. TTet. r)r. ">rus.. xxxv. !(;(•!, ISCH. —
''Female. Lright green. Head, palpi, body beneath, and leiis white. I'alpi
slender, deenmbent, nearlv as long as thi' Incadth of the head: third joini as
lonir as the second. Abdomen white, irreeii toward the base, mncdi shorter
than the interior IxM'der of the hind win^rs. Wings bi'oad, with two slender
while lines; tirst line antemcdial, nearly straight ; second poslmedial, nndn-

39(5

httiiisr. Fore wiii^rs acute; fosta ^vllite ; exterior Ijurder slightly convex,
moderately ol)ii(iiie.

"Leiiglli ol tlie I)(i(ly -!, lines; of the wings 8 lines.

"«. North Auieriea. From ]\Ir. Carter's eolleetion.''

Jotlis enchloraria Ahh. Guen., I'hal, i, '^hb, 1857.— '-24'"™. Ailes snperi-
enres aiirues a Tapex, a bord legeremcnt conde, les intericures ayant nn angle
mar(in(' an bout de la 2,.avec les bords droits; les (|uatre d'un l)eau vert-pomme
elair de pari et d'autre, avec la tVange blanche, un pcu rosee. Sup<'rieures
avcc nne ligne blanche a peine visible, droite, oldique. allant du milieu du bord
interne aux deux tiers de la cute. Pattes concolore-s.

"Ameri(iue septentriouale. Un ex. Coll. Bdv.

"EUe est mal conscrvee. Pent-etre la ligne blanche est elle ])lus visi!)Ie
sur les individns IVais. Le iVonl est bonibe, mais cntiercment denude dan.s
mon exemplairc.''

Thalassodes depnvala^X-.xW^., List Lep. Ilet. Br. Mas., xxvi, 1551), 1862.—
"3fa/e. Pale green. Head ochraceous in Iront. Palpi porrect, smooth, ex-
tending very litth' beyond the head; third joint extremely minute. Antenna3
broadly pectinated. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings. Ante-
rior le-ifs mostly ochraceous. AVings with an exterior, pale, straight, oblique
line. Fore wings acute; exterior border slightly convex, moderately oblique.

'•Lcuirth of the body 4 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

"St. John's Bluti; East Florida."

Tludt'ni siipi'i-ata Walk., Fist Pep. Hot. Ijr. Mas., xxxv, 1G12, 18GG. —
''Female. Sea-green. Body l)eneath and legs white. Head reddish; vertex
white. Palpi reddish, slender, j)orrcct, not extending beyond the head.
Abdomen whitish, shorter than the interior liorder of the hind wings.
Wings broad, with two slightly denticulated and undulating whitish lines;
llrst line antenuMlial; second postmedial; fringe whitish. Fore wings acute;
costa reddish, very slightly convex ; exterior border slightly convex, rather
oblique. Hind w ings witli the exterior border angular in the middle.

"Length of th(^ Ixxly 3.', lines; of the wings 11 lines.

'-a. North America. From Mr. Carter's collection."

I!'.)'

SubAmiily 150AiniIN.K Gncnce (emend.).

Gnophidi, Hoarmidi, :\iii\ Ilibiriiidi Oiien., MS. ; Diip., (at., 1~11.

Siilitrihi's (liiophitin, Ilotirmilex. flmrilf.i, Amphidunilix, iiiid llihrniiirs Hup., Cat., 1844.
Siilil'ainilif.s Clioridi, lUiurmldi, and (hiopliidi .Stcpli., Cat. Hi. Lt'p., ITI, 17:i, 17(1, Is.'.O.
I'aiiiilii'M .^iiiphidasi/ilii . /lininnidn, and llijliiniidn- (iiini., I'li.il., i, 101, 'Jl:!; ii, -244 1K')7.

Walk., List L.p. Hit. r.r. Mils., xx,!."J4, iill). l-^(;il.

J>()(ly inodcralclv .-^loiil, soinctiiucs very tliick and liairv: llie licad.

liowevcr. is siiiallcr lliaii usual in propoitioii to the Ixidv, while (lie male

aiiddiiifij is rather loii^f and slender, thmiiih (iccasionallv stout. Head In-oad

in front, llie clypeal rei^ion hein;,' ral her short. 'I'lu^ |ial|ii are nsnallv stout,

and larijp, cxceedinic the f'rout, with the first and second joints sulje(|ual in

Icnglli; the third joint small, not distinct t'ron) the second. Male antenna;

either simple and ciliated or sli^ditly Jjcctinalcd oi- plumose. V/inirs

moderately large or (piitc large. Fore wings triangular, with the costa

usually straiirht, the apex more or less rounded, the outer edge sometimes

serrate. Hind wings lull and rounded, sometimes scalloped or serrate.

Venation: the costal vein is usually free from the subcostal vein, sometimes

(as in certain C^/iixitopliorcr, Clcora, and (_1 iiophus) anastomosiuii- with the

subcostal; the number of brandies of the subcostal vein varies from live to

s!.\: when the subcostal cell is present, it is long, linear, irreirular: onlv in

Clcora is it rhoml)()idal as in the EniKunhid'. Hind legs sometimes with the

tii>i;e much swollen, and the tarsi short in ];roportion. ]n style ol" coloration,

the species are usually ash-gray, like the bark (»f the trees to which they

(ling; this granite-gray color is veiy persistent, the s|)ecies of l^anqiliia

forming an exception. AVheii ndibed, the individuals of many of the species

turn whitish.

'\ he females of a few of the lower North American genera {Aiiisoptciifx
and Hijherniii) are wingless.

Larva and pupn. — The caterpillars are either slender, with sometimes
(Anhoptcryx niilHuniala) a lhii-d pair of abdominal legs, and the head round,
or, in the larger species {I'lt'ignlia and Euhi/Ja), the head is sfpiare in front,
each side endinir in a tubercle ; sometimes ttd)erculated on one or more rings
of th" body. Pupa brown, acutely conical, situated in leaves, or stditer-
iane;in.

The venation of Aiiiso-jfrri/x and Jlihcniia is so much like that of
Eahijja and Bisfon that 1 have removed them fiom the place usually

398

assii,nic(l fliciii by aiitlioi-s, aixl rc^raul llieiii as true Fxxinu'nur, ilioiiiili with
soiiK^ ahcrraiil lcafui-('s. Phigal'td seems to (■oiinect yii/l.sojifiri/.r \\\{\\
Ei//ii/j(i and Tcpliroshi, and I see no good reason i'or not placing llic
two latter genera in the same subfamily.

Synopsis of flic Genera.

A. Tli'ad very small; palj)i short; wings rather narrow, entire;

males oil en wingless :

Jlylu jialpi very sliin-t ; aiiteuu:p simiile, ciliateil, or subpcctinate; males ash-

fjray; females dull g'ay, nuspotled ; wings obsolete \mMti>ivr>jx.

JIales like male Jiiisopliri/j\ liiit tlie anttinue are pectinateil, ami (he li-iiiales

have -nings as loug as the head riiii/nJia.

Male anfeniiie snhpectiiiated, wilh loug. Large cilia:- ; the siugle Amerioaii spe-

■ eies of large size, light oehreons ; females whitish, spotted with hlaek.. ////^(th/(1.

B. Head ol the usutd size but not ])roniinent ; Ixxly thic'k and stoid ;

species of large size; mak' antennjc pectinated; jutlpi rudi-
mentary ; h'gs shoii :

Wings large, triangular, outer edge usually very oblique ; species large Kuhijju.

Wiugs rather uarrow, oblong, outer edge rot very (blicjue; auteume very

broadly pectinated ; species of sm.iller size than in Kiihiija IJisloii.

(J. l^ody slender; palpi as well developed as usual; antenn;e often
jduniose ; wings lai'ge, sometimes sei'rale; species usually
ash-gray :

a. Spt'('ief< ochrcuKS :

Wiugs angular, seiratc, especially in the females ; the species subochreons, wilh

white spots and blotches .^^ raidphia

Anteuna' usually ]iUunose; wiugs with a slight angle; front rather uarrow;

abdomen wilh two rows o_f black s|)ots Teplirunia.

Wiugs entire; anteunie rarely plumose; shorter palpi and hind legs ttan iu

Tiphi-onia Cijiiialiipliora.

Wings very large, broad, deeply scalloped ; autcuLa.' iilnniose ; palid large and

thick Jlrniiclitlia.

JIuch as in y)'r<)»(/u7)(i, Ijnt Ihe wings short and broad, slightly serrate, while

the species are smaller, and the antenna' are sim[ile or subpectina'e Giioplias.

Species of large size ; antenna- heavi!y pectinated ; wings dee[)ly serrate Ilanciophila.

S|iecies of vi'ry large size; head broad, unusually full in front and on the ver-
tex; wings serrate fiteiiolraclicli/s.

Specie s of moderate size ; wiugs broad, eutire, semihyaliue; auteuna; plnmose;
a clear, deeply-scalloped, extradiscal line common to both wings; discal
dots distinct Chora.

ANISOPTERYX Stephens. Plate 4, lig. la.

Eraiinh Iliibn. (in part), Verz., IJ.'O, 1K18.

Alsi)i>h\la lliilui. (in part), Verz., :!'^0, I81S.

Fidonia Tieits. (in jiarl), .Schm. Eur., vi (i), 'JGi, 1H27.

399

Jliliintia Diip. (in p;iil), Lc)). rmncc, vii (iv), :!01, IS-JO.
Aiiiyiijiliiyx S[v\>h., Noriiciicl. l!r Imm., 1:!, l-'Ji); "Cal., ii, lUi l.S'J'.l."

Stcph., 111. iii. l.-)!, 1S:U.

lioistl., Gen. Iiid., l'j:i, 1810.
AnijsoptiTiix Diip., Cat.. '-IXt, 18-14.
Ahoi>Uila Sti'ph., Cat. Urit. Lcp., lliO, l,-oO.
Aiiisopicvyx \A-Ancr, Veili. liot. Zool. (ics. Wioii, 177, IS.'i:!.

(iiu^ii., riial., ii, 'i'A, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. lli-t. ISr. lliis., xxiv, llC.-i, 18(y.
I'ahaaila Kilfy, Trans, .\cail. Sc. St. honis, iii, '.>7:!, 187.').

JLi/c. — Aiilcniia' siil)i)('ctiii;i(c: llir .-^lioii (oolli-likc ])cc;iiialii)ii.s ciidiii^
in \nuix cili;i", varying in size and Iciiglli in (he (liircrciil s|)ccics. Palpi vcrv
short, not reaching to the Ironl. The head is ratlici- full in fniiil, iiincdi as
in r/iigu/i(i and llijbernia. Fore wings with the cosfa straiglit, the apex
usually less rounded than in Phigalia aii<l llijhern'i<i ; the outer edge more
ol)li(|ue than in J'/iiii^alia. Hind wings usually more produced towai'd tlu;
ape.\ than in Pliigdlia. A'eiiati(Mi : the costal vein eithi'r I'ree or auasloiuosing
with the subcostal (varying in diU'ereiif, individuals); subcostal cell long
and narrow, much as in Hiibmi'id, l)u1, rather wider, usuallv heginniiig at a
considerable distance within the origin of the si.xth sulicustal venule, rarely
i)Cgiuniiig at the origin, as in the figure on plate 4. The chief diirerence
from ILjberiiiu is in the origin of the median veins being situated much
beyond the middle of the wing. Iliud legs as in FliliraUa.

Fcnudc. — DilFers chiefly from Pliigarui_ in the wings being almost
entirely ai)orted, the rings of the abdomen smooth {aafumnata) or armed with
spines {reniata). The body is (piite hairy iu rernata^ the scales being shorter
and closer in ((uliniiiiatd.

Egg, /(irra, <nid pi/pu. — The eggs are either oval-cylindrical or sul)conical
and trimcate. The larva is smooth, cylindrical; the head smooth, rounded,
not nol(died, and as wide as the body. In A. aulunuidtd, there is a pair
of rudimentary abdominal legs on the sixth alxlominal segment. The cater-
pillar pupates a few inches under the eaith. Tin; pupa in the male (plate lo,
fig. i^<l) is nuudi slenderer than in the fefnale.

Both species ot An'isoji/crii.r dill'er from the JM[ro|)ean icsculdrid in the
i()re wings being miudi less rounded at the apex, ami in the hind wings being
much more produced toward tin' apex.

AViiile Jlr. 3Iauu has shown, with nuudi ability, from a consideiation
of the imaginal characters, that we have two well-marked and p.-rfei-tly
distiiu'l species, Professor Kiley has carried the matter further, and jndg<'S,

400

tVoiu a coinparisoii of tlio eyfi;, larval ami pupal states, as well as the
iiuaiiinal, lliat not only arc the two s]>ccics distinct, hut liiat there are really
two irenera, and tor n'riiala he ])roi)oscs the name Palcacrila. AVliile his
work shows great care and thoroughness, I am i:nal)le to agree with IMr.
Riley's opinion that the diil'erences he points out are of generic importance.
The ima^Mual ehai-aeters are certainly not so; i()r in other genera we have as
great dillerences hctwecu the different species. The European ascuhuin
would have to llirm llu; type of a third genus, if Mr. Iiiley's views are
ct)rrect. We have seen that, as regards the larval characters, rcnuita in one
case has an extra pair of legs, and the two species are sometimes easily con-
founded in the larval state. The I'ggs of the two species are very distinct;
but the ibrni and structure of the eggs in the Fhuheukh have not heen exam-
ined enough yet for ns to form a decided opinion as to what are generic and
specific characters amoiig them.

Anisoptery.\ autumnata Packard, c? , Plate 11, fig. 1 ; 9, Plate 13, fig. 38.

Aiiisopln-jix nmala Harris (in part), Inj. Ins. Mass., 332, 1^41 ; 3(1 e.l., 401, lig. 2i9?, a.W, 1802.

I'itoh (iu part), Tliird Kcp. Nox. Ins. N. Y., 2.'>, ly.'.O.

Pack, (in part), Gniile Study Insects, 324, 1S09.
Anhuphfiix pomihiriii Mann, Proc. Bost. Sue. Nat. Hist., xv, 3-'2, 1873; xvi, 103, 204, 1874.
Puley, Trans. Acad. Sc. .St. Lonis, iii, 273, iigs. 18-21, 187.5.

Male: — Six examples. Palpi shorter than in A. vcntafa ; anteniue sub-
])eclinate, ciliated, the cilia- arising from much larger tubercles than in A.
aiifiunnatii, and only one pair to a joint. Fore wings a little more elongated
toward the apex, the outer edge being a little longer and more oblique than
in A. vcrnuta. Instead of being pale ash-gray as in vcnuita, this species is ot
a peculiar ochreous-brown tint, as in the Jviropean (Vfirnlaria. Tliere are two
broad whitish bands on the fore wings; the l)as;d is regularly curved outward,
and is situated nearer the middle of the wing than usual; it ends on the
coslti in a dark s|)ot. A faint, discal, linear streak. On the outer iourth of
the costa, a broad, distinct, oblitiue white spot connecting with a bread, dif-
fuse, zigzag, white line ending on the inner angle of the wing. A broken,
linear, Idack thread at the base of the fringe. Hind wings clear, with a pale,
iiulistinct, extradiscal line. 15ene;itli is a ])alc costal spot connecting with the
extradiscal fiint shade, which is common to iiolh wings.

Length of liody, (t.4(): fore wing, O.Go ; expanse of wings, 1.38 inches.
Fcjiiali'. — Antenna' not hairy (laid batdvward aloug the side of the Itody

401

wlicii at rest in liofli sexes). 'VUv liody is fuller and plumper: alxloinen less
acn(e at tip. and not spined ns in A. vcniaUi. It is iinil'orndv asli-irray, with
the anterior ediic ol' the segments above (over \vhi(di the seicnient in iVont
moves) monse-eolored. A row of live lateral dorsal Mack spots mi the front
edge of each segmenl (sometimes wauling;. On the side is a row of liin-
black dots .situated nearer the middle of the segment than the large subdorsal
spots. Autenua' and feet eoneohtrous with the body. Beiie-ath, colors as
above. Length of a gravid female, 0.4()-().42 inch.

For further descriptions of the head and thorax of this and the female
A. vernatu see the introduction, p. ;>S.

Salem, ilass., October and Xovendxjr, on elm and apple trees; much
less common than A. veniuta (Packard); Cand)ridge. Mass. (Harris, Mann,
aforrison); November 20, 1848 (Harris).

Egg, /an-ii, <in(l ))tipa. — Egg cylindrical, increasing in diameter anteri-
orly, where it is truncated, l)eing more rounded at tin; posterior end. On the
anterior end it is slightly convex, with a dark rim aromid the edire and a cen-
tral dej)ression Length, 0.03 inch. On the !Mh of April, IsT.j, the eggs of
this species were not developed, unless in a very early stage of the eud)ryo.
The larva is pale whitish-green as a ground-color, with a broad, brctwn,
dor.sal, median band and three lateral white lines, the middle of which is
fainter than the tw(j others. These are succeeded l)y a i)road, l)rown, spirac-
idar line, below which is a broad, continuous, white line. Body ix-neath flesh-
colored, without any median line. Head brown, with a whitish clypeal
region. Si.v abdominal leg.s reddish Hesh-color or whitish ; the third smaller
pair, situated on the fifth abdominal riu<r, ar(> (Uie-half or one-third as huge
as the adjoining ones, and are sometinu's mnch smaller, while in two or tliree
out of the twenty-seven specimens examined this pair was nearly obsolete.
These specimens were gathered from several ap[)le-trees, June If), in my
garden (Salem, Ma.ss.). It varies a good deal, with a iieueral tendency to
become darker, approaching in some; cases remarkably near A. vcmata Harris
in cobration, the brown lines !)eing nu)re prevalent, the liiziit lines being finer
and slightly interrupted.

There thus seems a decided tendency in the aulumnal species to approach
the spring (?;e;7?rtte) ; and as the latter is the more aliuudant and wide-spread,
it is possible that autumnata is a derivation of vernatu. As if in confirma-
tion of this view, vernata, when it varies, becomes paler, and in some cases so
51 p u

402

imicli sons Id lie oiih' (lis! iiii;in.'^li('(l Iroin out iiiii iiala hy tlic ;il)s<'iiC(' of ;i liiiid
pair of alidoiiiiiKil Iciis, llicic ln-iiig one cxL-oi'diiiiily rare c.xccjitioii in tlii.s
lasi (■haracfer. Il is possililc that the two species were at first seasonal
(lirnor[)lis. A. aiiliinnnttti, iio\\fver, according lo j\Ir. ^lann (Proc. Bost. 8oc.
Nat. Hist., XV, oS4, IST.'l), does sometimes ap|)ear in the spring, as will lie seen
hy the following quotation : "Of 16 dated specimens of the male in my col-
l(!ction, 12 were taken in Octolier or Noveml)er. and 4 in I\Iarch or April. The
two spring specimens in my collection now are an:ong the most strongly
characterized I liave. Of several hundred females in my collection, four were
taken in Apiil and the rest in November."

Mr. Mann describes, in the Proc. Bost. 8oc. Nat. Plist., xvi, w fern ale of
this species, which had two al)orted wings and [)eclinated antenna;.

As this species was wrongly called A. ■vernafa Peck l)y Harris; and as
Harris's ponwtiiria, as shown l)y Mr. Mann, is Peck's vcniata, it clearly follows
that a new name must l)e projiosed for Harris's " rer?ia/ii'^; I f Iierelbre prop<»se
(intumnnta, as it is on the wliol(> an aninmnal si)ecies.

Anisopteryx vernata Harris.* Plate 11, tig, 2, c?; Plate 13, fig. oD,
enlarged twice; larva, PI. 13, fig. (>.

J'halcma vernata Peck, Mass. Mag., Sept , Oct., :52:3, 415, fig.s. 1-7, 1795. *

Not Anisopteryx rernata Harris, Iiij. lus. Mass., I{3ti, 1841.

Anisopteryx poinetaria Harris, luj. Ins. Mass., 3:i3, 1841 ; 3tl ed., 462, figs. 228, 231, 1862.

Fitch, Third Rep. Nox. Ins. N. Y., 24, 1856.
Anisopteryx vernata vnr. immctarUi Pack., Guide Study Insects, phite 8, ligs. 9, 9((, 96, 324, 1869.
Anisopteryx vernata Mann, Proc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., xv, :382, 187.3.
Anisopteryx pomclaria Manu,t Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, 163, 1874.
Anisopteryx vernata Mann, Proc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, 204, 1874.
I'aleavritn nriiata Kiley, Trans. Acad. Sc. St. Lonis, iii, 273, figs. 14-17, 1875.

20 c?. — Pale ash, body a little darker; head with ollen a slight, trans-
verse, darker hair-line across the front just below the antenuiP. Fore wings
crosfetl l)y three interrupted blacklines, consisting of costal and venular l)lack
dots. Inner line much curved, on the costa foiniing an oblique l>lack spot;
the second line varying in position, being near the middle of the wing or ou
the inner tliird, and much nearer th(> inner fnu; ; it is straight, olilique on the
costa, ami a lillle sinuate ; third line oblique, not sinuate, and deflected on
the co.s1a. A slender, black, apical, ()l)lique streak, from which runs a zigzag.
ol)scure, JM-oad, whitish line to tiie inner edge; this line is much less distinct

•Although this species is not the A. rernata of Harris, yet, as he vras the first to place the species
iu llic correct giiiins, his name, should lollow tlio scientific name.

t The "Anisopteryx poinetaria Harris descr." is not A. rtrnata of Maiui.

403

than ill A. rernafd. A iiiarif'mal row of inlrrvi'iiiilar l)lack dnts. I'"riiijfe
l)al('r, clear, coiicoloroiis with llic liind \viii(rs. The laKcr pair asii, clear,
wilhoiil any markiiiirs, except a laiiif <liscal dol. lieiieal li. clear like the liiiKJ
wiii<is al)()ve aiul with I'oui- discal dots, those on the hind winys lari/esl, with
a costo-apical black .spot-; I'ringe concolorons with the wiiiirs.

Length of body, 0.30-0.40; fore uini^, ().50-0.()7 : e.\))aii.sc of winirs,
1.12-1.28 inches.

It varie.s much in the distinctness of the lines, usually represented by
spots on the costa, median vein, and inner edifc.

Salem, February 2;'), March, April, and Jioslon, ^lass. (I'lnu'rton, San-
born, Packard); "New Haven, Conn." (ilcrrick); Albany, X. V. (Lintner);
Illinois (Shimer, Riley); Missouri (liiley); Dallas, 'I'ex. (I'.oll, .Mus. Peab.
Acad. Sc).

'I'he |)ale-asli transparent wiuiis, the i('\v black dots and costal spot>, and
oi)liipie, apical, black streaks, and the t()iir discal dots beneath, characterize this
species. One of the two Texan specimens received only diH'ers from ^las.sa-
ciiuselts examples in having the markings a little more distinct, the narrow
black lines being more distinct than usual.

Female. — Pale gray. Body hairy, acute at the end of the abdomen, the
scales loose, the body being somewhat hairy. Head dark: thorax whitish-
gray; sides of body and beneath whitish-gray, with a lateral row of dark
spots; sometimes a large square black spot on hinder part of the thorax.
Antemi;r loosely ciliated. A dark stripe along the back, .sometimes consist-
ing of two black lines filled in with white between, or replaced by a row of
white, dorsal, abdominal spots. Legs spotted and ringed with black. I'lie
segments of the abdomen armed with two irregidar rows of sharp, distinct,
slender spines. End ol" alxlomen elevated in walking, more acute than in
au(u?)ina/ct.

Length, 0.20-0.40 inch (tifty specinu'ns (b-scribed from lili')-

To show that, as stated i)y Messrs. .Morrison and ,Mann, P<'ck had the
present tipecies before liini w Ih.mi he drew u[) his account, I (|uole his origiiiul
description, which applies throughout, as do his drawings, to the spring brood: —
"Egg elliptic, aV of an inch in length, of a pearl colour with a yellowish cast.
Eggs laid in thirteen days after the females ajipear.'' In twenty-one days, the
WDrms appear, and have ten li-et, of w Iiich li)ur are posterior. "The larva
or caterpillar is, when full grown, about nine lines long, the head pale, marki'd
on eacli side with two transverse blaikish stripes; the back a.-h coloured,

404

inarUcd lengthwise, willi small iiileiTiipted dusky lines; llie sides !)la(:kisli
with a pale liiii' uloiig the length ut' (he body; tiiere are two white spots on
the last segment of the body: the abdomen or nnder .side is ash roloured."
The chrysalis state, he a<l(ls, is entered upon in twenty-fonr hours alter the
larva has penetrated the earlli; "and it a[)pears that the insect is soon per-
fect, since a course of warm weather has been I'onnd to raise some of them
from the earth in the month of November." (Here lie evidently confounds
the autumnal species with vernota.) "The body of the male is of an ashen-
umber colour, almost five lines in length, extent of its upper wings one
inch, two lines. The wings are ash coloured, v\ith thrt-e oi)scure blackish
transverse stripes, and a small dash (;f the same colour at the tip. The
under wings are of an unifoi'in colour, and rather lighter than the ground of
the upper ones. The body of the female is nearly four lines in length, ash-
coloured, and marked on the back with a brown list extending from the
thorax to the tail. She is destitute of w'ings. Legs dusky, with white joints.''

Peck's diagnosis is as follows: — "Plialcena (ve.rnata*') geonictra seticorniy,
alis cinereis ; fasciis tr'tbus obscaris Juscia, posllcis iininacukitis; feminaaptpniP
The canker-worm is said by Peck to have been first observed in the Southern
States, where it is probably a native, and may have l)een introduced
into New England by the importation ot trees from the Southern States.
"It has been discovered on a plum tree." j\[r. Peck made his observations
in Kittery, Me. We have never observed it in Brunswick, Me., during
several years' observations; lint in 1875 it was said to be, l()r the first time,
injurious in orchards in that town. Whil(> Peck"s idea that it is a southern
importation is probably incorrect, it is [)robable that it is indigenous to all
parts of the country east of the Mississippi, as we have specimens from
Texas, and as l;ir north as Sonlheasteni iMaine, l)u1 is abundant only locally
originally along the coast of Northeastern Massachusetts, and of late years
in Illinois and ^lissouri.

Its native food-plant is the elm, and, according to Mr. .John Sears, of
Danvers, I\Iass., the lilack ash, l)oth in deep v\'oods and in the open meadow,
as he has found the females ascending the trees; but it is usually more
destriu-live to the apple and at times the cherry. In iV])ril, ISTn, I noticed
pai'licnlaily ./. rcnuda in ui)' garden; none had appeared belore the lOfli
and 11th, the season having been a very backward one. During these
two days, which were warm and fine, I counted about one thousand males

" " From its apiie.aring early in (ho spring."

405

i'"'l '^^" ' '''•'■'I l''iiial<'s. mosllv sliick 1,i \Ur ink.'.l I.imkIs oii roiiH.vn apple;

and I luce rliii tn-cs. Tlicrc was iiol an (iii/ininia/,i \u W seen anioii^r (hem.
This may show, in a n.noh way. lh.' nnincrical disproporfiun hrlwccn (he
sexes— one male lo liv,- reinah's. I als,. susp.'d (hal (lir niah>s lly alx.uf one;
or (wo days hcloi-c the ap|)earaiiec aliovc iri-oimd ol' the rrnialcs.

/v>-. /oiru. <tml jHip,i,— V\n- r<y<r is oval-cylimlrical, yellowish, the shell
niiich thinner, and less dense, and ron<rlier than in .f. unlumiKita. 'i'liey arc
laid in piles irre<rnlarly, iio( in Dal cakes, side l.y side, as in auhimmita. The
larva is brown as a i,n-()und-eolor, with three broken, partly obsolete, while,
dorsal threads, a broad, brown, subdorsal band, nearly twice as wide as the
dorsal striped area A lateral, broad whitish area broken by two broken brown
lines, the lower part of the band being whiter than on Ww upper edire, and
I'orniing a narrow brok.'U line more or less marbled with brown. This broken
white line is the only line contrast inir with the brown bodv, while in
(uitumnata tii(>re are as a rule sevei'al such while lines. Jieneath. a broad,
whitish, median line, contrasting with the flesh-colored under surface.

The tendency to variation is in this species shown to consist iii (he l)odv
being whi(er, the dor.sal area being ])ale, wi(h a dark lateral line, some speci-
mens l)eing pale, with a broken lateral line sonu'times represented ]»v isolated
spots. It thus appears (hat the variation is in the diree(ion of (/«///w//^/A/.
The two species are of about the same size, (hough several ou( of the Iwentv-
seven autumnatu are larger than any of the seven hnndred and thirtv vcrnata
examined.

Length of rer)uita, O.TO-O.SO; of autumnata, ().;)l) incdi.

In one example, whi(di on n'peated examination I uuhesilatiuglv pro-
nounce to be n'.riKita, as it agrees in all its other characteis with that species,
(here is a tlitnl pair of iilHloinlnal Ic^s on tlir si.rL'/ seiiincitf ! These legs are
well developed, as much so as in moAdiiJumiut/a.dwd providi'd with a perfect
crown of hooks.

The pupa- of the two six-cies I have not myself studied. :\[r. Kiley
describes that of rernula (male) as pitted, the wiuiif-sheath extending to the
fifth abdominal ring, with the terminal spine simple; while the pupa of
aiilmmata (male) is not ])itted, is darker brown than renKtta, (he wings
reaching to the; si.xth abdominal ring, aiul with the terminal spine bifurca(e.

The pupa of autumnata differs, ]Mr. Kiley states, in the same way as in
the male, bu( is lelatively stouter and more arched dor.sallv. and with a broad,

40(3

(Iiiskv. ilorsiii stripr (il'lcii visible loward (lie time oi' issiiiiiir, — ''all tlu- luon-
n'ii)arkal)le that tlierc is no such stripe on tlie imago, when as in vrrnatd,
where the imago lias such a stripe, it is not indicated in the chrysalis."' Mr. Mann
states (Pvoc. Bost. 8oc. Nat. Hist., xvi, 163, 1874) that the i)upa^ of the feimdcs
of A. (nitunmata have Mell-developed wings. lie says they were developed
"even to such a point that in all which I examined for the purpose, six or
more, 1 counted the eight veins of the win<);s as ridges, and distinguished the
fifth or intermediate vein as arisiiig from the di,scal nervure." This will
undoubtedly apply to the other species of this genus .and the family where
the females are wingless. As to the causes for the abortion of the wings in
the females, it seems probable that this remarkable secondary sexual (diarac-
ter may have l)een originally due to seasonal changes acting on the adult
insect, and become a matter of inheritance, as we know that wingless (or
j)artially so) species of beetles and tlies are the result of the physical agencies
manifested on islands or from disuse. The local distribution of the canker-
worm seems due to the I'act that the females are apterous. W(' know that
there -axo in the Vhiihvu'nla' diU'erent grades of the apterous condition, hence
the causes which [)roduced such changes must have been comparatively
slight.

I'HKIALIA Diiponchel. Plate 4, lig. l(i.

AiiocheiiiiK Hiil)ii. (in p:irl). Vinv... ^U'.l, l^^ls.

AiiiphUhish Tri-ils. (ill piU't), ScOiiii. Kill'., vi (i). 2.1'.), IS-JT.

I'hifialia Oiiii., Ijcp. Frauue, vii (iv), ".iiXi, lS-i;>.

".Im^)/iii/((si5 St.epli. (ill piirt), Cat. Lep., ii, 117, ISill."

HUnmia lioisd., (ieii. Iiid., iy4, 1840.

Aiiiph'Hiaxijx H,-Scli. (ill part), Sclim. Kiir., iii, '.III, 1^47.

PhigaJiu Stepli., Cat. Br. Lep., ll)l,18')0.

Letli'ier, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wieii, 177, 18.53.

Giieii., Flial., i, 195, 18.')7.

Walk., List Lep. Hi^t. Br. iliis., xxi,a)7, iHiJU.

Mali'. — .\nt('una' well pectinated, the pectinations long and very slender,
'^riie jialpi are a little longer, and the body is rather stouter than in Ani.so-
pti'ii/.v. Fore wiuiTs with the apex either as in Anisoptenj.v or more rouudell ;
the outer edge is shorter, and the hind wings are shorter t^lan in Anlsopteryx.
\'enation : Ihough so lU'ar Ani>i()])teri/.r in its general appearance, it differs
much in the venation; the costal vein is tree from the subcostal; there are
but hve subcostal venules, no subcostal cell, and the subcostal venules are not
curved up toward the costa as in Anlsoptoijx and Hijhernia. The disposition
ol the median veimles is more like that in Anixoptenix than Hyhernia.

407

Female. — Ditfers IVoin Anisopterii.r in I lie iiailly-dcvclopcd wings, the
antcrioi- [laii- being iiearl}- as lung as the licad is litoad.

Larva. — "Caterpillars with the liist rings thick, havin-.^ the 1ra|)cz()i(hd
areas raised into small piliferuus |)_\ raniids on the internicchate riii"s and on
the 11th: iicad tlat and (|uadran<,ndar : lixinj^ on trees. ( 'iirvsalids snl)tcr-
ranean." — (Juenee.

Tins genus dillers iVniii Aii'isoptcnj.r in the well pcclinaled antenna' and
dillerent venation; tlu' markings heiuii nnich the same in the two <renera.

I'liicALlA sTinOATAKiA l*a(d\ai(l. I'lale 11, tlir. 3, c?; plate 13, lig. 37, 9.

.himijilrriix .' xlrii/iiturin Miuot, Froc. I5o,sl. 8oc. N;it. Hist., xiii, 8-1, Idfill.
Ilihtriiiu otii-uceaiia Morrisou, Proc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, '200. 187 'I.

9 S . — A mutdi smallei', less pilose species than the Mnropean /'. jularia,
with the pectinations of the antenna' mutdi shorter. Pale ash with hlaekish-
hrown specks and lines Head while on the vertex, iirown on the front.
Thorax whitish with a hlack eoUai-, not extending, however, to the base ot' the
wings. Two rows of lilack spots along the ahdonieii. Fore wini^s pale ash,
speckled with dark l)rown : three blackish lines, the two inner ])arallel, the
outer one diverging and parallel to the outer edge, often obsolete, indicated
by distinct S{piiirish, co.sTal. l)lack spots and venular marks. Inner line a
little curved, the middle one straiirht : outer sinuate. .\ dilliise. liiinf, brwad
marginal shade edged with whitish. A row of intervenular black spots on
the edge of each wing. Hind wings whitish, finely dusted with dark .scales,
with three lines, the middle the most distinct, and the inner and outer usiialh'
present only on the inner edge. Beneath paler, smoky-ash, with the middle
lines faiutly shown. Costa of fore wings thickly speckled: four indistinct
discai dots also seen beneath.

Length of body, 0.45-6o ; tore wing, 0.65-0.8"): expanse of wings,
1.35-1.60 inches.

It varies greatly in size and in distinctness of the lines, some small indi-
viduals with partly obsolete lines closely resembling A vrrxata, and in the
distinctness of the bands on the hind wi"n<irs : also in the distaiu'e betwetm
the two outer lines on tin' hind edge of the lore wiiiirs, in some the two
touching each other on the edge of the win<r. It dillers from Aiil.wpteri/x
virnata, with which, when small, it may i)e easily confounded iiy the ijroadly-
pec/inated antennae, by the black collai', by the much short<'r hind winirs, the
ti|) of the alidornen reaching to the inner angle.

408

West Koxbiirv, Mass., April (Siiul»urii and Miiiof); Massucluisetts (J. C.
Merrill, Bosf. Soc. Naf. Hist.); Albany, N. Y. (Llntucr); West Farms, N. Y.
(Angus); Phila<lcli)l:ia, Pa. ( Hnl.8(jc.); Illinois (Ridings); Dallas, Tox. (Boll,
]\his. Pcab. Acad. Sc).

2 9. — The li'uiales are light stone-gray, with an indistinct double row oi
dorsal black spots. The wings are quite well developed, reaching to the pos-
terior edije of the second abdominal segment ; tiiey are pale ash, and each one
is crossed by a fine black line.

Length, 0.50 inch.

Cambridge, Mass., April 25 (Morrison), lalieled '^olivacearia, type".

The artist has not drawn the lemale well, the posterior half of the body
behind the wings being too full — too nuich like Aiiisopfenjx.

I am inclined, after an examination of a lype-specimen, to refer Mr.
Morrison's //. olivacearia to this somewhat variable species.

HYBERNIA Latreille. Plate 4, fig. 17.

Jiraimh lUibu. (in li;iit), Vi'iz.. 'AM, ISIS.

Utjherma Latreille, Kaiii. Nat., 477, 182.5.

Fidonia Troits. (in part), Scbm. Eur., vi (i), 2li-i, 1S27.

Jnisoplenjx Stepli. (in jiart), and Lampctiti. (in part)', Nomencl. I'.r. Ins., 4:5, 16-Z9.

miieniia Dup., Lep. France, vii (iv). :iOl, 1S2'J.

Dnp., Cat. •Z\4, 1S44.

Boisd., Gen. huX., 194, InMO.

H.-Scb.,vSeliin. Enr., iii,58, 1847.
liraiitiiH Stepli., Cat. Br. Lep., 160, 1850.
llUurma Leilerer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wien, If-.'iH.
Eijha-ma Gnen., Pbal., ii, 'Ud, 18.')7.

Walk., List Lep. llet. Br. Mns., xxiv, ll.')7, 18r>3.

I\[al('. — Anlemne sub|»ectinated, each pectination lieing tubercilliforni,
and ending in a p<nicil of long hairs. Palpi very shod, not reaching as far as
the front. The head in front is smaller, 1>ut the scales project more than in
A/iisopfen/.r and Phigdlia. Fore wings much rounded toward tiie apex, the
Older edge very ol)rHiue, neariy as hmg as the inner edge. The hind wings
longer tlian in Anisopteri/.v and Pliigulia, the outer edge shorter and less full
than in the two other genera mentioned. Venation: the costal vein is free
from Ihi' sul)costal ; there are six subcostal vt'imh^s, and their disposition is
much as in Aniso]>l('nj.r.\m\ less curved up toward thecosta; the second sub-
costal vcnide is twice ;is long as in Anisoplcru.r. Jli/ber/iia dilfers from both
the two irenera, mentioned in the (irst median venule co-originating with the
second. Our single American species is ochreons in color.

400

Ihna/e.—Tlu- winns inc nearly as iniinitc as in ylnlsoptenjx; tlu; legs arc
larffer tlian in (Mtiicr ..f tlie otlicr hvo irfiu-ra, and tlie lirad is a liUlt- fallf-r
in front.

A,,/iv,._"Ca(crpiIlars more or less elongated, cylindrical, a little carin-
ated laterally, with a splierical iiead ; living exposed on trees and hushes.
Chrysalids subterranean." — Gncnee.

This genus diilers from the Ain<'ricaii species of the two previously
mentioned in the nuich rounded tore wings, the smaller, iidler front of the
head, the long hind wing.s, and the ochreous coh.r of the single species known.

Hyberni,* tiliakia Harris.

H'jluriiiu liliaria Ilnnis, In.j. Ins. JIass., :i4I, Is-ll ; :i,l ,.,1. .17:.<, f,^,. ..j;),;^ j ^ j^,;.,

6 ('.—Pale ochreous, with light-hrown specks and hands. Head, hodv,
costa, and transverse hand on the wings concolorous, heinir pale hrown. Fore
wings with a faint, curved, sinuate, difi'use inner line ; outer line dark hrown,
slightly sinuate, with a large ()i)tuse angle on the independent vein. It is
shaded externally with a broad pale-brown hand, which breaks up into ilecks
on the outer edge; on the costa, the oiiter edge is directed obliquely toward
the apex. Outer edge of wing as wiHiin the band. A well-marked discal
dot. Hind wings without any markings, somewhat paler than the anterior
pair. Beneath, of the same color as above, the outer dark line appearing;
discal dots very tiiint on the fore wings and distinct on the hind wings, where
they do not appear above.

Length of body, O.fiO ; fore wing, 0.90-0.!}5 ; expanse of wings, 2 00
inches.

Brunswick, Me., October (Packard); Salem, Mass. (Emerton) ; Boston,
Mass. (Sard)orn); Albany, N. Y. (Lintner and Meske) ; Philadelphia, Pa.
(Ent. Soc).

It dillers from //. progemiiiariit ol" Europe, to which it is chtsely allied,
by wanting the marginal row of 1)lack dots and the line on the hind wing.s,
while the outer line on the fore wings is more angulated than in the European
species; and in wanting the discal doton the hind wings, though in additional
specimens this may occur. Occasionally a specimen is much suffused, the
lines forming a broad shade.

Female (four examples). — The female of this species differs from any
other of our wingless species by it.s much larger size, the white ground-color

ol' P II

410

of the hody, and ihr double dorsal row of black spots. In oiiu .specitiieii, llic
l)odv is quite unilbi-inly mottled with l)lack, and the dorsal spots are not
clearly indicated. Length, 0.50 inch.

Laim. — "It is larger than the canker-worm and very ditl'erent from it
in appearance. It is of a liriglit yellow color, with ten crinkled black lines
along the top of the back; the head is rust colored; and the belly is paler
tlian the rest of (he body. When fully <,n-own, it measures about one inch
and a quarter in length. It often rests with the middle of the body curved
upwards a little, and sometimes even witliout the support of its fore-legs.
'JMie leaves of the lime seem to be its natural and favorite food, for it may be
found on this tree every year: Init 1 have often seen it in considerable
abundance, with common canker-worms, on otiier trees (elm and apple trees).
It is hatched rather later, and does not leave the trees quite so soon as the
latter. Al)()ul or soon after the middle of June it s|)ins down from the trees,
goes into the ground, and changes to a chrysalis in a little cell five or si.\
inches below the surface; and from this it comes out in the moth state
towards the end of October or during the month of Novemljcr. More rarely
its last transtbrmation is retarded till the spring. The eggs are laiil in little
clusters, hei-e and there on the branches. They are of an oval shape, and
pale \-ellow color, and are covered with little raised lines, like net-work, or
like (lie cells of a hoiu-y comb." — Harris, 341, 1841.

EUBY.TA Iliibn<'r. Hate 4, fig. 18.

Eubuja Hlibu., Verz., :U8, 18X8.

AmiMdusis Trv\ts. (in part), Scliiii. Eur., vi (i),'J-i'J, 18-2T

Dup., (iu part) Lcp. Fraucc, vii (iv), -2(58, 18-.J9.
liistoii Stepb. (ill part), Noiruuicl. Br. Ins., 4;i, 18-29.
AmphUhms Boisd. (in part), Geii. Ind., 195, 1840.

H.-Scb. (in part), Scbui. Enr., iii, 99, 1847.
liislon Stcpli. (in part), Cat. Brit. Lcp., 10;!, 18.-)().

Bhtoit (in part) and AmiiJiltlusii Ledurer, Verb. Bot. Zixil. (icH. Wifn, 177, 185:!.
Amphhlasiis (ituMi., Pi:al., i, 2W, 18.'')7.

Wallc, List Lcp. Hct. Br. Mns., xxi, :«)5, 18(>0.

B(jdy very stout and hairy, i)articularly on the thorax. Head large and
prominent, liroad liclween the eyes and on the vertex. I'alpi short and
slender, not n^aching the front. Antenna' heavily pectinated nearly to the
tip, though the brantdies are shorter than in Bis//>)/. Fore wings long and
narrow, with the apex much produced, the costal edge being mucii curved
toward (he apex, while (he on(er (ulge is long and unusually oblicpie, and as

411

long as the inner cdiiv of (he uiiijr. The hind wiiius ;,re sliorl, scarcely
veacliing to llie <'ii(l of Ih.. aixloiueii. Vciialion somew hat as in I'lii^sa/ia,
hut the (liscal venules are situated in ihe middle of tlir wiuij, and tln-rc are
six suljcostal vennh's; lhe(irstand second snhcostal venules are ihn.wn oil'
I'nun a coaiiuon l)raiicli. and liolh curve alike toward tiie costa. In color-
ation, the species are much as in liiose of liiston ; \m\ the extradiscal line is
distinctly angulated, wiiere it is not heiit in IVistoii. The ahdomen is perhaps
rather longer than in Biston.

Larva. — Raniiibrm, large, and with a notched head. 'I'he pupa is sub-
terranean.

Tiiere is no good reason why liiihner's name Eabijja should not be
adopted; besides having the priority ovei- Treitscjdve's, it is defined and
limited in accordance with the genus as it now stands.

Sijnops'ts of I he Sj}ecie,'<.

A. Wings broad, white as a ground-color:

The. extradiscal liue very angular, e.spccially ou lir.st inediuu veuulo E. queniaria.

I. ike qiurimrin, but the extradiscal line on the hind wings not bent outward /;;. vujmlaria.

B. Wings narrow, ash-colored :

Extradiscal line bent at right angles on the independent, not wavy A. coynataria.

EUBYJA QUERNARIA Smith- Abbot. I'late 11. fig. (;.

I'lialaiia qiiernaria Sniith-Abbot, Lep. Ins. Georgia, ii, -inri, pi. lii:{. 171»T.
Amphidask quernaria Cinen., Pbal., i, 20(i, lf*r>7.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mns., xxi, :W7, ISOO.

1 ^- — Body stout; abdomen thick, with a dorsal row of l()ur larye tufts,
the fourth white, the others dark. Antenna' black. Head in front and
palpi black-brown; vertex white, rounded behind by a black thread-line;
thorax white, witli two I)lack spots in the center, and s[)otted with black
posteriorly. Alxlomen white on the outer third, with a wiiite interruj)ted line
ou each segment, spotted thickly on the under side with white. L^'ilt
brown, spotted with white. Fore wini^s long, outer edge very ()bli(|ue. snow-
\vhite as a ground-color; l)asal third white mottled with deep brown, espe-
cially on the costa. The middle third of the wing brown, bordtn-ed with the
black basal and extradiscal lines. The basal line is deeply au<l re<rularly
curved outward ; the extradiscal is irreirulaily and deeply scalloi)ed : il runs

rs

412

stniiu-ht IVoiii (lie cosia to tlic great angle on (lie median line, through two
deep scallops ; the angle is jagged and sharp, and below the line forms a
yreat cnrve, sending a point outward on the inti'rnal vein. Beyond this line
tlie winy i? white, with scattered dark specks, and with a lerriiginous patch
just below (he sixth sul)median, and a larger oiu' extending from the second
median venule to the inner edge of the wing near the angle. Hind wings
white, more or less densely mottled with brown on the inner two-thirds; the
extradiscal line is zigzag, with a large angle in the middle of the wing.
Beyoiul this the markings repeat those of the fure wings ; beneath, the same
stvle ol' markings is repeated.

Length of body. ?, 0.72; of tbre wing, 9, 1.00; expanse of wings,
2.20 inches.

Cambridge, ]\Iass. (Ilarri.s's Coll ).

While ciipiduria is possibly the male of (his species, it seems (o dilfer
decidedlv in (he large angle of (lie extradiscal line on the hind wings especially.

l,,n-p,i. — "La chenille es( plus courte (jue cellcs dc nos Ampkidasijs
euro]K'ennes, d'un l)run marbre de jaune-ronssutre, avcc une raie laterale phis
claire. Le ventre est rose entre les fausses pattes, at le l'""' anneau est d'un
jaune d'ocre. EUe a ime caroncule sur le 5" et une sous le ventre du C",
outre ceUe du 11", cpii est commune a tout le genre. Au repos, elle tient
ses premiers anneaux ties-raniasses, en sorte qu'elle parait avoir une bosse
trfes-(ileve'e. Elle vit en avril et mai sur les Quercus ((iuenee).

The above description may apply to this, liut the following one is drawn
up from an unpublished drawing of Ai)bot's in the lil)rary of the IJoston
Society of Natural History. Body stouter and shorter than in the larva of
E. cog7iataria. Head angular; ])n)thoracic segments swollen ; a tubercle on
the back of the third, the lower part of the side of the front, and on thc^ l)ack
of the penultimate segment. The body is colored in the drawing slate-gray,
with irregular dark spots and longitudinal slashes. The food-plant drawn on
the plate is Cra/wgii.s aiistiri/is T. and G.

AMi'HiDyVsis CIM'IIURIA Cirote. Plate 11, tig. 5.

Amphidamis oiipidaria (j'oU;, I'nii'.. l^iil. Soc. I'liila., iii, .Tiiil, pi. (i, lii;. S, J , lS(iJ.

The antenna' are miu-li mort! heavily pectinated than in A. cognataria,
the pectinations reaching nearly to the end. It is known by wanting the
black collar, the three large white patches on the costa of the fore wings, and

4i;^

lilt' hl'oad, Milckisll, liicdiiin sluidc. lined w'llli while, llie outer edire lieiiiir sill-
iimIc and sliiilitly aiiyulaled on I lie lirst median \ciinle.

A speciMien Ironi iJridgtoii, Me., lias lieen received iVoiii Dr Perlev,
which airrces with Orote's fignrt; and desei'i|)ti(in. except Ihal he dues nol
mention or ligiire the Mack iiK'siul line on the hind \\iii!j;sas i)eil)^■ a lilllt;
aiigiilatcd on the hast' of the lirst median vein, as it- is in onr siiecimeii. If is
;i male. \\ liicli is too mneli rnhhed to deserihe.

Length of liody, J. (t.li."); Hire wing, <^ , O.HT) ; expanse of wings, 1.15
inches. •

AmPHIDASIS COCXATARIA (iueiu'e. riate 11, lil!;. 4.

Aiiij>hi(l<iKis axjiHilariii (aini., I'luil., i, :J08, 1S.">7.

W:ilk., List Lcp. llct. Br. Mils,, xxi. :!(17, HlUI.

3 <? and 2 9. — Of an ash, pe|)pei-aiid-salt. or wood-hrown color, lieing
speckled densely with lilackish-hrown. l*rotli(n-a.\ and head jiart way down
(ho front while ; front below smoky-brown. Hind edge of the prothora.x with
a black line or collar extending to the bas(> of the costal edge of the front
wings. An indistinct, ditfnse, inner, curved line, with a second cnie nearer,
and diverging a little on the costa, being nearer together at the base, both
dilating and forming prominent costal spots. A third dilFtise (often obsolete
except on the co.sta) line incloses the discal s]iot. An outer distinct black
hair-lint? always present; it is sinuate, with a large obtuse tot)tli on the inile-
penilent venule. A blackish ct)slal patch halfway between the apex and fer-
niinatit)n of the fourth ami tuiter line. Iliml wings with three lines, an outer
ilistinct hair-line, as tui the fore wings, angidatetl on the intlependent venule.
A diffuse line crosses the middle of the wing, inclosing the tliscal dot; a mar-
ginal, pale, diffuse, intiM-rn])tetl, narrow line runs through the initltlle ot' the
margin of the wing (in one female, all the lines art; wanting except tlie
outer hair-line). Abtlomen with two rows of t)bscurt' black spots. Beneath,
much paler, with all the lines reproducetl liiintly.

Length of botly, S , 0.70, 9. O.70-O SO! ; fore winy, c? , 0.95, 9, 0.95-1.20;
expanse of wings, 2.^.0 inches.

It may at tmce be kntiw n by the narrt)w fore wings, with the outer edge
lonirer than usual, and bv ihf common black hair-line, with a broad tooth on
the indepenilent vemde.

Brunswick, Me., July (rackard); Salem, Mas.s. (Emertonj; Albany, N. Y.
(Lintner and Me.ske).

414

ll ivprci^eiils Ww European J. he/u/iiria, Imt is iiiiich niorr dnisriy
speckled.

Larva. — I have raised it at Brunswiek, iMe , lioni Hie Missouri eurranl.
Accordiiijj; to my recolleetioiis. i1 is a larjie thick woim, with a few small lidx^r-
eles, the heail notched, the l)ody of the same thickness througiiout, and dark
brown. The pnjia is l)rown. ol' tiie usual siiape, and is subterranean.

JIISTON Leach.

"Bisloii Leach, Kdin. Eiic.vl-1., ix, IM, ISl.'-i."

Liicid Hiibn. (iu part), Vciz., :U9, ISIS.

Amijhidaxis Treits. (in part), Scbiu. Knr., vi (.), 2129, 1B27.

Dup. (ill part ), Lep. Frauci^ vii (iv), 268, If-Sit.
JUstoii Stt'pli. (ill part), Noinciifl. Br. In."., 43, 1S29.
AiiqMdasia Boisd., Geu. Biil., 195, 1S40.

H.-ScU., Schm. Eiir., iii, 99, 1S47.
r.istoti .Stepb. (iu part). Cat. Br. Lep., 163, 18.50.

Lederer (in part). Verb. Bot. ZdoI. Gcs. Wieu, 177, 18.J3.

Giien.,Pbal.,i, 204, 18.57.

W.allc, List Le|). Met. Br. Slus., xxi. 303, 18C0.

The species of Biston are distinguished from those of Aynphidasis by
the smaller, more sunken head, the more hairy spherical thorax, and tiie
rather smaller, shorter abdomen. The fore wings have the costa straigl.it, not
curved toward the apex, vvliich is subrectangular, while the outer edge is nuudi
less oblique, and is a good deal shorter than the inner edge of the wing The*
hind wings are a little larger proportionally than in Amphidasis. In ct)lora-
tion, the species of Biston differ from those of Ampliidasis in the three dark
lines on the fore wings being subparallel, the outer one not being bent.

Lnrva. — "Caterpillars cylindrical, smooth, without other eminences than
the trapezoidal ones which form two snuiU isolated points on the 11th ring;
head globular; living on trees. Chrysalides quite short, subterranean." —
Guenee.

IksTON URSAEiA Walker. Plate 11, fig. 7.

Bi«U»i iirnaria "WaXk., Can. Nat. and Gi'id., v, 201, 180(1 ; Li,st Lep. Ilet. Br. Mils., xxi. 3U5, 1800.

2 c? and 1 9. — Body and wings dark granite-gray. AntenujB black, in the
male heavily pectinated. Palpi blackish. Body concolorous with the wings ;
the thorax is a little darker than the. abdomen, with two transverse dark lines
and a V-shaped line behind. Fore wings uniformly dark granite-gray, darker
and more densely speckled than in B. hirtarius of Europe, with three trans-
verse, obscure, dusky lines, as in /tirff/ritt.s, represented by l)lack spots on the

4 If)

ciishi and (in llic veins, willi ohscnic lines conncclini.i- llicin, llioiiuli in ucll-
prcscrvcd sjicri mens t In' lines a fc deaf niid cnnt in nuns. iSase nl'llie w inirdark.
Inner line well cnived ; second and Ihiid lines nearer loLretlnr ilian in hir/u-
/■/w.v. especially on the inner edi^e oT llie wiui;-. llaH'-way liel ween I he I liiid line
and the (inter edoc of llie wini,' is a lliinter hand than the others, re|n-esentcd
i)_v a costal s([nare spof, and a lilack spot on the inner anyie. 'I'iie iVinLje is
concolorons with the winiz', liein-^- a little paler at the ends of the veins, Imt
not so dislincllv (diecivcred as in the iMiropean species. Hind wini,'s with
three transverse diU'nse hands; when rnhhed, they iii'e represented hv the
sqnarish spots on the inner edue, whei-e the win^ is more Ihieklv scaled than
in the middle, the wini,'- heins,' more hyaline than in 11. Iilrhiiiiis. lieneath,
paler than al)(/ve: oiitei' edire ot' the wings somewhat frosted; ape\ of holh
wings whitish ; second and third lines reproduced, ending in two costal idack
spots. 'Ilind wings witli two liiint lines and two costal s[iots. Le(rs and body
beiicatli very hairy, coiicoloions with the npper surliice.

Length of body, c^ , 0.7:). 9, O.So; i(H-e wing, i , O.Sf), 9, l.UU; expan.so
of wings, I f)5-2.( 0 inches.

'Albany, N. Y., "April s" (Me,ske).

It may be kn(»wn l)y the thin semi-t ranspai-ent wings, [lepper-and-salt
color, and three paralhd, broad, ditrnse, dark lines, and the haiiT, long branches
of the anteniife.

PARAPHIA Guenee. Plate 4, fig. IH ; plate 5, fig. 1.

Vnraphia Gneu., Plial., i, 271, 1S.')7.

Walk., List Lep. Hot. Br. Miis., xxi, {•>?., IHCO.
Amihipi^ Guen., Phal., ii. Cfi. IH.ST.

]\Iale antenna; well jx'ctinated. l'al|)i rather slender, projecting a little
beyond the front, which is rather narrow in the male, more so than in
Ti-phrosia. Fore wings with the costa moderately convex compared with
T('])lin)siu cognataria, 'ioY c\i\.m\)\r ; the a[)ex is snbacnte. Older edge l)en1
in the middle, entire in the male, in tin- female distinctly serrate. Hind
wings sfpiarisli, with a prominent angle in the middle of the outer edge,
slightly dentate in the male, cons|iiciu)usly so in the female. Venation:
costal vein free from the snl)costal; lirst subcostal venule branched witliin
the middle, the lower branch not arising, as usual, from the main vein ; six
suhco.stal venules, where there are l)nt live in Tcphrosiu; the first and second
median venules co-originate, where in Tcplnomi and Crjviatnphoru they are

416

separated at (licir plarcs of origin. Iliiid legs with the tibia? much swollen;
tarsi nearly as Ion"- as the tibiae. Coloration: pale gray, with a decided
ochreons tint.

The species of this genns may be easily recognized from the others
of the subiiimily by the ochreous tints, the deeply serrate and angled wings
of the females, and the angled male wings, as well as the narrow front of the
head. The se.xes differ more than usual, and the species are exceedingly
varial)le.

Si/nopds of the Species.

Clear fawn-color, with a distinct, snbapical white spot P- niiii>ii)iclnria.

Whitish, rarely tinted with ochreons J'- suhatomaria.

Fore wings smaller, snbochreons, with a median whitish hand, heneath ochreons /'. deplatiaiiii.

Paraphta unipunctaria Packard. Plate 11, tig. 10.

Gcomvtra uiiijiuiifiata Ilaw., Lep. Br., ;i4r>.

Wood, Index, 747, 18;i;3-nO.
JinilajHn uiiipiiiictafii (Jnen., Phal., ii, ty, 18.")7.

2 9. — (3f a uniform clear fawn-color, without the usual spots and
speckles; a basal, brown hair-line bent outward acutely on the median vein ;
a broad, diffuse, dark median band (wanting in one example) common to
both wings. The extradiscal line is dark, finely scalloped, curved outward
below the costa and sweeping inward below the first median venule; beyond
this line both wings are deeper fixwn-color. At a little distance below the
costa, and nearer the extradiscal line than the outer edge of the wing, is a
conspicuous, angular, clear, white spot. Fringe dark, the scallops filled with
whitish. Hind wings like the anterior pair, but the extradiscal line is not
sinuous but curved regularly outward. Beneath, paler than above; the
median band is distinct, and the extradiscal line more or less so ; the tints
are much as above.

Length of body, 9, 0.40.; of fore wing, 9, 0.66; expanse of wings,
1.40 inches.

Texas, August 11 (Bclfrage).

This pretty species is so different from the two other species that it is
easily recognized by the absence of the clouds and spots and by the clear
fawn-color abov(>, and beneath. The single snbapical spot seems to be a per-
manent character. So different is it from the other species that M. Guenee
was misled into regarding it, as tlu; ty[)C of a distinct genus.

417

Larva. — "Caterpillnr of a vcllowish-grccn, with tlic sides wasliod with
leddisli, and liic licad of Ihis last color. Il lives on several Irees, as the elm,
oak, 'courtiouil/er etc.' I'he ciirysalis is hlackisii, willi I lie u iiiir-covcrs
linted with rosellesli I'olor.'" — CInenc'e, description ol' Aliiiol's drawing.

Paraphia subatomaria Guendc. Plate 11, fig. 8.

Paraphia sitbatomaria Guun., Phal., i, 2'i2, 18.">7.

Paraphia vuhi-cularia Giion., Pliiil., i, iJT'J, 18.'')7.

I'araphia mamiiiriiria Giicn., Phal., i, 27;!, 18.'>7.

Paraphia stihatomariii Walk., List Lip. I let. lir. Mils., xxi, -124, 1800.

Paraphia miVecularia Walk., List Lop. Ilel. \i\: Mus., xxi, A'M, 18(;0.

Paraphia inamurrariu Walk., List Lop. Ilet. I!r. Mus., xxi, 424, 18()0.

Paraphia piniata Pack., New and Little Known Insects, II, 1870.

7 S and 2 9. — Wings souicwliat pointed toward the apex, distinctly
serrate, and angulafcd in the middle, especially on the hind winirs. Body
and wings whitish-ash, speckled with dark-brown and ochreous scales.
Fore wings with three lines, the inner much curved, and sometimes more or
less dislocated on the costa, making it sinuous; median band nearly straight,
either faint when the discal dot is conspicuous or the line heavy, more or
less difiuse and expanded on the veins ; outer line regularly sinuate, sub-
dentate, a diffuse ochreous patch beyond in the middle of the wing; some-
times the line is shaded with dark externally and the ochreous patch is
obscured; a dusk}^ difiuse patch in the extradiscal s[)a(-'e, and another near
the anal angle of the wing; just within the extradiscal dark patch from one
to three rounded white patches, one especially well maiked. Fringe check-
ered with white and dark. Hind wings as in anterior pair, with two lines,
the inner diffuse, nearly straight, the outer line dentate, curved below the
costa (sometimes the costal portion of the line wanting) ; beyond, as in the
fore wings ; beneath, whitish, witii few speckles, rarely slightly ochreous ;
discal dots distinct ; an outer, conuuon, sinuate line, consisting often of more
or less disconnected dots; speckles thicker nearer the l)ase of the wing;
the inner line sometimes present, then heavy, diil'use, and both lines well
marked by triangular costal spots. Female either pale whitish or with a
decided ochreous tinge; the two inner lines fornung broad shades, especially
the middle, which in one case is decidedly sinuate ; the three white spots
distinct, and the wings rather densely speckled with brown; beneath,
whitish, or with a slight ochreous tinge, the inner shade present on both
wings, while the outer line, common to both wings, consists of a row of dots.
53 p n

418

Length of body, cT, 0.58, 9, 0.G5 ; of fore wing, 6, 0.65, 9, 0.85;
eximnse of wings, 1 30-1.70 inches.

London, Canudii (Saunders); Brunswick, Mc. (Packard); Beverly, Mass.,
June "JG (Burgess); liosloii, Mass. (Sanlioin); Bmokliuc, ]\Iass. (ShurtlefT,
Coll. Bost. Soe. Nat. Ilisl.); Springfield, Mass. (Dininiock) ; i«Iatick, i\[ass.
(Stratton); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus); Albany, N. Y., June 17 (Liuluer);
Philadelphia, Pa. (Grote and Eiit. Soc.).

This species may be recognized among all the variations diifercnt
specimens present by the white color, rarely subochreous, the base and outer
edge of the wing being as pale as the middle portion, and liy the pale under
side of the wings and its large size.

It varies greatly in the distinctness of the lines and the degree of irrora-
tion. In some, the lines are diffused, and the species is rather more heavily
dusted than deplanaria. Guentie's description of P. mihecularia, described
from one male, agrees with some of my heavily-dusted specimens; and his
P. mamurraria, described from one male, agrees with some of my specimens.

Larva.— The moth has been raised by Mr. W. Saunders, of London,
Canada, from a " brown geometric larva on the pine, the imago appearing
June 24th."

Parapiiia depla^'AEia Guence. Plate 11, fig. 9.

Paraphia deplanaria Gueii., Plial., i, 272, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Miis., sxi, 424, 1860.
Macaria fidoniata AValk. ! !! (Grote Comii,), List Lep. Het. Br. Miis., xxi, 924, 18G1, " Hiuilostan."

10 i and 4 9. — In this species, the antennae are well pectinated, but
the wings are rather shorter, less produced toward the apex than in P. sub-
atomana. Wings ochreous-ash, the head and body uniformly tawny-brown.
Fore wings with three l)rown lines, the innermost bent nearly at right angles
in the discal space. The less distinct middle line is straight, and situated
just within the distinct discal dot. Between this and the outer line, the wing
is whitish and freer than usual from the transverse brown speckles on the
other parts. The outer line is regularly sinuate, slightly dentate. Beyond
is a broad, ochreous, diffuse shade, succeeded by a brown submarginal shade,
disappearing in the extradiscal space, above which, /. e., in the last subco.stal
s|)a('e, is a large, round, consj)icuous, white spot (sometimes there are two or
three white spots below this). Fringe checkered with white and dark
liiown. Hind wings pale ashwilhin the outer line, with a slight ociircous

419

liiii, hill (locp ochrcoiis l)(>y()ii(l. Inner lino faint; discal dol very tlistinci ;
outer line disliuct, nearly siraiirjil. I?oncatli nniliirnily oelireons ; willi flu;
enter eoinninn line veiy (list inet, eonsistinif of a row of lilaekisii dots: (in llie
liind wings, it is bent opjiositc the distinct discal dot. The i)ase ol' tin; fore
wing is rather densely shaded with dark specks, and there is a very faint
subniarginal shade. Legs concolorous with the body, six^ekled. The wiuir
is whitish in the middle, with the white spot distinct In one case, the
margin of both wings above is lilac-ash.

Length of body, c? , ().43-0.r)0, 9, 0.45; of fore wrings, i, 0.(iO, 9,
0.65; expanse of wings, 0.90-1.35 inches.

]\Iaine (E. S. Morse); Beverly, Mass., July 8 (Burgess); Boston, Mass.
(San!)orn, I\rus. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.) ; Natiek, Mass. (Stratton) ; Lynii,
Mass. (W. H. Dall); Ilastings-on-lludson, N. Y., June 19 (Grote) ; Albany,
N. Y. (Lintner) ; West Farms, N. Y. (Angus) ; Philadelphia,- Pa. (Ent.
Soc. and Grote) ; Pennsylvania and Maryland (INTus. Comp. Zocil.) ; Illinois,
(Clemens) ; Texas, May (Belfragc).

This species is perhaps more common than the other The male may
be distinguished by its smaller size, by^ the wings being more ochrcous by
the distinct discal dots, and by the rather distinct median white i)and on the
fore wings. Tlie female differs greatly from the male, being much, larger
and with the wings more serrate, the two inner lines more or less obsolete,
the border of both wings being much darker than the inside of the wing,
the border sometimes having a lilac tinge. From the female of P. suhato-
maria, it differs in its still smaller size, in having usually but one subapical
spot, instead of three, as is usually the ca.se in the other species, and in the
outer border of the wings being darker or more decidedly ochreous The
wings are serrated much alike in the two species, but more decidedly in the
female of P. dcplanaria than that of the other species. It is a very difficult
genns, and impossil)le to study pro])erly without a large amount of specimens.
It would be easy for one to be led into making half a dozen "species" if he
had but one or two specimens of each variety.

TEPHRUSIA Boisduval. Plate 5, figs. 2, 2b, 2c.

Sdidosema Ilubii. (iu pint), Verz., 299, 1818.
Anagoga Hiibii., Exot. Solim., :il, 182o.
Gnoplm Tii-\\.ti. (iu part), Sclim. Eiir., vi (i), IGO, 1627.
JJalia Diip. (in part), Lep. I'rauce, vii (iv), 400, 1829.
Boannia Steph. (in part), 111., iii, lOli, 1831.

420

Tiphrosia Boisd. (in part), (ion. Iii<l., l'J8, 1H40

Dup. (in part), Cat., 22«, 1844.
Boarmia H.-Sch. (in part), ScLm. Eur., iii, 76, 1847.
Stepb., Cat. Br. Lep., 174, IS.^jO.

Lederer (in part). Verb. But. Zool. Ges. Wien, 177, 1853.
Teph-oda Guen. (iu part), Pbal., i, 258, 18.57.

Walk, (in part). List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., xxi, o98, 18G0.

Front of tlie head rather .square. Palpi very stout and thick, scarcely
passing beyond the front (7'. canadaria), or slender, with the third joint acute
and passing a little beyond the front {T. cognalaria). Male antennae well
pectinated, plumose. Fore wings with the costa straight, usually straighter
than ill any other genus of the subflimily. Apex rectangular, subacute ; outer
edire of the wing not bent. Hind wings rather square, with a slight bend in
the- middle of the outer edge, slightly dentate in T. canadaria, usually entire ;
apex slightly produced Venation : usually but five subcostal venules (six in
T. californiaria, plate 5, fig. 2 b), where there are usually six in Cij??iatophora ;
the first and second median veins arise farther apart than in Cymatophora.
No subcostal ceil. Hind legs long and slender, either with the male hind
tihise slender and the tarsi three-fourths as long as the tibise {T. cogna-
taria), or the hind tibia? are very long and swollen, and the tarsi are one-
third as long as the tibiae.

In coloration, the species usually closely resemble those of Cymatophora,
and are distinguished from that genus by the more plumose male antennae,
the more angidar wings, the narrower front, longer hind legs, while some of
the species are pearl-colored (7'. cognatnria), and nearly all have two well-
marked rows of black spots along the abdomen.

The genus Tephroda as limited by Duponchel and Guen^e is in part
composed of species of Cymatoj)hora [Boarmia). C. consonaria and crepuscu-
laiianre certainly not Tcphrosla, though Guent'e regards them as the typical
si)ecies of the genus. The genus is re|)resented in Europe by T. puiictu-
latii, a representative of our T. anticaria. The genus is very much better
represented in this country than in Europe.

Larva. — The larvfB differ from those of Cymatophora in being smooth.
The larva of T. punctulata is said to be smooth, and of a reddish color, with
white spots or blotches on the back of all the segments. It feeds on the
birch. — (Newman.)

I 421

Si/nop.sis of (he Species.

A. Hind tarsi longer than the tibi.ie :

Pearl-coloicd, nitli two lows of black dots j- coanainria

B. Tarsi shorter tiuui the til)ia} :

Koddish-brown, deusoly speckled with dark scales t cahforn iaria.

Clear rcddish-Iirown ; fore wings falcate j fafcataria

Medimn-sized; dull ash-Rray ; with thrvr rows of close-set black spots T. niilkarin.

Larger hind tarsi nearly as long as tibia^; wliitisli-asli ; with five rows of black

«l'"t^ T. aihralaria.

The largest species ; hind tiliia- very long; tarsi very short, ash-gray T. caimdaria.

Tephrosia cognataria Packard. Plate 11, tiij. U.

Anagoija cmiimlaria Iliibu.-Gcyer, Exot. Selini., Ziitr.'igc, ;!1, ligs. r>49, SoO, 1825.

«

4 c? and 2 9. — This singular species differs from P. cribmtaria in the
longer, much slenderer legs, the hind iil)i;e heing very sleiuh-r, while the
tarsi are very long, in fact longer than the tibise, while in T. crihratdria they
are shorter. The antenna? are just as in T. crihrataria, tiie pectinations l)eing
long and inclined to he interlocked. It also differs in the want of the usual
markings. Body and wings dull pearly-ash. Head whitish on the vertex,
and along the upper side of the auteniue. In front, brown in botli sexes.
Fore wings uniformly pearl-ash, usually witli no markings except an oblique
Hue of venular dots in the yuter third of wing, and a row of minute marginal
intervenular dots. Fringe concolorous with the. wing. Hind wings with the
same markings. Sometimes the four discal small round dots are present.
Under side of wings exactly like the upper. Discal dots minute, the row of
dots wanting, the marginal row present. A double row of dorsal spots, some-
times wanting, sometimes conspicuous. Legs a little paler than the body.

Length of body, i , 0.35-0.45, 9, 0.37; of fore wing, J, 0.52-0.60, 9,
0.55; expanse of wings, 0.75-1. 2(» inches.

Brunswick, Me. (Packard); Maine (or Connecticut?), (8. I. Smith,
Mus. Yale College); Natick, Mass., May 2G (Stratton) ; Maiden, dune 1,
Cambridge, Mass., July 30 (H. K. Morri.son) ; Philadelphia, I'a. (Enl. Soc).

This species varies much in size and markings. It is usually pearl-ash,
having a lilac tinge, sometimes thickly dusted, and then wanting the outer
row of dots. In the fenude, there is a very faint shade just beyond the discal
dot ou l)olh wings. The discal dots are otten wantinjj. In a small individual
from Peunsylvaiiia, there are two rows of black dots, the inner just within

422

the discal dot, being a transverse shade on the hind wings, while the specimen
is deeper pearl-ash than the others, being in a better state of preservation.

The species may be known by the uniform pearl-usii color, and the
want of the usual speckles and dentate lines, and by the short slender tibiae
and remarkably long tarsi. Our specimen agrees well with Iliibner's figure.

Tkpiirosia californiaria Packard. Plate 11, fig. 15.

Ti-phrosia californiaria Puck., Proc. Bost. Soc. N.it. Hist., xiii, :i88, 1871.

3 i . — This species Ixilonjrs to tlie same group as T. cwtadaria, but tlie
wings, fore and hind, are shorter and broader; otherwise the head, antennue,
and form of the body are the same. Reddish ash, fore wings a little deeper
reddish, thickly speckled with dark scales, with three diffuse, dusky, indistinct,
brown lines; the basal, on the inner fourth of the wing, curved, angulated on
the submedian vein, and sinuate just below the median vein; the middle line
is situated just beyond the discal dot, and is slightly oblique, sinuate, and
connected with a large dusky cloud inclosing the discal dot, and sending a
diffuse line to tlie costa and internal margin of tlie wing. Half-way between
the discal dot and the outer edge of the wing is a broad scalloped fine
deepening in tint toward the points of the scallops; a lai'ger scallop than the
others rests on the inner edge of the wing; just below the middle of the
wing are two large twin scallops and two larger than the others near the
apex, tliere being eight scallops in all. A row of black dots along the edges
of both wings; fringe concolorous with both wings. Discal dot on {brewings
minute, black, surrounded by a white round spot. On the liind wings, three
faint diffuse lines start from the inner edge, disappearing in the middle of
the wing. 'Beneath clear i)ale ash; discal dots distinct, costal and outer edge
speckled with black scales. Varies in size rtnd distinctness of median cloud
on fore wings, and of the short lines on hind wings.

Length of body, 0.50; fore wing, 0.57-0.64; expanse of wings, 1..30
inches.

California (Behrens) ; Southern Nevada (Crotch, Mus. Comp. ZooL).

It varies a good deal in tiie distinctness of the bands, and may be recog-
nized by the white discal spot pupiled with black, and the interrupted heavy
sul)marginal n)w oi' spots.

42;J

Tkphrosia falcatak-ia I'iickanl. Pl;itc IJ, fig. 67.

Tiphrosia falcalaria Pack., Bost. Soo. Nat. Hist., x\ i, :!;,', pi. 1, lijr. io, 1^7.1.

1 i . — This species has remarkably falcate wings, the lip ol' liir fore wings
being acute, the costa l)eing more l)cnl down al Ihc tip, and Ihr outer udye
excavated much deeper than usual; the costal area is wider, licuee the liuir
subcostal venules are shorter than usual, but their mode of i)ranching oft' is
the same. Anteniue well pectinated, dark brown, as usual, contrasting with
the rest of the body. Head, thorax, and iiDre wings })ale reddish fawn-color;
hind wings and abdomen much paler, much more whitish than in the other
species. Fore wings very uniformly reddish fawn, with no conspicuous l)ands
or rows of spots, and remarkably few scattered dark scales, the wings in all
the other species known to me being more or less densely dusted. Discal dot
small, black; a sui)marginal row of about six obscure dusky spots, arranged in
a straight line parallel to the outer edge. A marginal seri(;s of black venular
points. Fringe deeper reddish than wing itself. Hind wings almost whitish
fawn, unusually clear, with a few faint, scattered, dark scales; a dark discal dot;
fringe reddish, concolorous with that on fore wings; no other markings on
the wing. Beneath, both wings alike, a little less pale than hind wings behind,
but tinged with reddish on the edges, and more speckled. Discal dot and
marginal row of dots as above. Fringe darker than rest of wings. Hind
wings a little more dusted than primaries. Discal dot much larger and more
conspicuous than above. Abdomen not spotted.

Length of body, 0.50; fore wing, O.fU; expanse of wings, 1.30 inches.

California (Edwards).

It may be known by its unusually falcate primaries, its clear wings free
from the usual bands and scales, and 1)y its reddish hue.

Tephrosia anticahia Walk(;r. Plate 11, fiij. 12.

Tephrosia anticaria W;ilk., List Lep. Hot. Br. Mns., xxi, 404, 1860.
Tephrosia suhviuraria Walk., List Lep. llet. Br. SIu.s., xxi, 40G, 1860.

3 S and 3 9 — Of medium size, with the apex of the wings subrectan-
gular and the outer edge less oblique than usual. Dull ash-gray ; both wings
of the same hue. Head brown in front, with a white hair-streak on (he ante-
rior edge; vertex dull a.sh-gray ; male antenna' ciliated. Fore wings with
three black lieavy lines more or les.-; broken up into spots; (hey arc regularly

424

curved, parallel and equidistant, and slightly enlarged on the costa, below
which they are beni a little. The middle line is sometimes nearer the inner
than the outer. A submarginal, broken, whitish line, shaded with dark gray,
sometimes obsolete. Hind wings with two blackish lines, the outer sinuous
toward the inner edge. The submarginal line is as on the fore wings.
Beneath, a little paler than above; the discal dots are large and conspicuous on
both wings, not being present above, while the inner line is represented by a
costal spot. The extradiscal line is distinct and common to both wings. The
submarginal line is rejjresented by a short line, which extends from the costa
to near the middle of the wing. The abdomc n has a median row of white
spots.

Length of body, i, 0.45, 9, 0.40; fore wing, c?, 0.50, 9, 0.50; exi)anse
of wings, 1.00 inch.

Natick, Mass., July 17 (Stratton); Massachusetts (Morrison).

This species is rather obscurely marked, but may be distinguished by
the simple male antennae, the dull gray wings mottled obscurely with white
scales, and by the three, heavy, dark, parallel, slightly-curved lines on the fore
wings, the middle one absorbing the discal dot.

TErnuosiA cribeataria Guen^e. Plate 11, tig. 13.

Tcphrosia cribrutaria GiK'.n.!, Phal., i, 260, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Miis., 40J, 1800.

3 (?. — Antenna; strongly pectinated, much more so than in T. canadaria;
the extreme tip simple. Wings much as in T. canadaria, but the hinder |iair
less notched in the middle of the outer edge. Body and wings whitish-gray,
the latter thickly speckled with pale lirown. Fore wings with three conspic-
uous, costal, dark spots, the distance between the inner two half as great
as between the second and third ; from the inner two spots, two faint
sinuous shades cross the wing. A slender, faint, pale, discal dot. Outer line
consisting of a sinuous row of venular, conspicuous, black dots; the line
straight from the costa to the first median vein, thence curving inward.
Beyond, a broad, faint, brownish shade. A marginal row of black dots. Hind
wings with two large lilack dots near the base, one on the inner edge, the
other neav tli<- middle of the wing. Outer line of dots sinuous. Wing
beyond as in anterior pair. Fringe whitish. Beneath, pale whitish, witli no
markings, except the faint disced dots and a marginal row of dots on Ijoth

425

wings. Fore legs brownish externally. Hind til)i.v rallicr long and full;
tarsi of the average length, being much longer than in T. ranadaria. Alxio-
inen with two rows of conspicuous black spots.

Length of bod}-, i , 0.50; of fore wing, 9, O.G.^) ; expanse of wiiiirs, 1.25
inches.

Massachusetts (Sanborn); New Salem, N. II. (J. X. l^ask, Coll. Host.
Soc. Nat. Hist.).

This species may be known iiy I lie stontly-pectinaled anlcnn;e, the
branches, in drying, interlocking somewhat at the end; by the conspicuous
abdominal spots, and the outer row of l)lack dots on l)otii wings. The two
inner c().>Jtal spots are more distinct, while the lines are (iiinler than usual.
The black dots are [minted, tin; line connecting them being really dentate.
The marginal dots are more distinct than in the other .species. It is a pecul-
iar form and readily recognized.

Larva. — "The caterpillar is slightly attenuated anteriorly, of a gray-
testaceous, with the l)ack and the sutures of a deeper hiu', and a wood-brown
stigmatal line. The head is concolorous and profoundly divided into two
points. There are two small tubercles on the 11th ring, the rest of the body
without any eminence. It lives on the Populus tremubides and fustiuiala.
The chrysalis is entirely black." — Guen^e.

Tephrosia canadaria Guende. Plate 11, fig. 14.

Tephrosia canadaria Gueii.!!, Pbal., i, 2(53, ISoT.

Walk. ! !, C'at. Lep. Hot. Br. Mils., 402, 1860.
Tephrosia lanailariu Pack.. Prnc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, :!:?, l-STl.

12 c^ and 3 9. — This is the largest species of the genus, and approaches
Cymatophora more in its markings than any of the following species. It is
characterized by the very long hind tibife. Antennse less pectinated than in T.
cribrntaria ; hind wings with a quite deep notch. iJody and wings a.sh ;
wings thickly speckled with brown, often witii a reddish-brown tint. Head
witli a transverse dark band in front of the antennae. Hind edge of the pro-
thorax shaded with dark l)rown. Fore wings with three lines, the inner near
the base, regularly curved (often almost obsolete); second line broad, diffuse,
nearly touching the discal dot. Outer line somewhat sinuous, slightly scal-
loped, especially opposite the di.scal dot and on the submedian vein. Two
black spots just outside the two lower scallojjs. A fiiint, sui)maririnal. white,
51 V II

426

zigzag line, with tiie scallops filled in with large black spots ; six more ])roin-
ineiit, two subcostal, two extradiscal, from which a dusky shade is sent to the
edge of" the wing, and two at the anal angle ; in the reddish-brown race, the
line consists of a row of white dots, black within. Marginal row of black
dots very rlistinct. Fringe concolorous ^vith tlie wing. Hind wings as in
the anterior pair; a broad, diffuse, faint band just within the conspicuous
discal dot. The line i)eyond slightly wavy, not reaching the costa; otherwise
the rest of the wing as in the anterior pair. Beneath, the veins subochreous,
file surfiice more or less mottled, discal dots distinct, with a broad, diffuse,
smoky, marginal shade on both wings. Abdomen not spotted above. Two
fore j)airs of legs alternately banded externally with black and ashen; hind
legs pale ; the tibiae very long, full, somewhat flattened, while the tarsi are
unusuall}' sbort.

Length of body, (?, 0.55-0.70; of fore wing, i , 0.68-0.80; expanse of
wings, 1.60 inches.

Brunswick, Me., Salem, Mass. (Packard); Brookline, Mass., July 11,
Cambridge, Mass., July 7 (ShurtletT); Dorchester, Mass. (Sanborn); Hast-
ings-on-Hudson, N. Y., Philadelphia, Pa. (Grrote); Philadelphia, Pa. (Ent.
Soc); Pennsylvania (H. Edwards); near Mammoth Cave, Ky., May 3 (San-
born, Ky. Geol. Surv.); New Orleans, La. (Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc); Cahfornia
(H. Edwards and Behrens).

This common species may be at once known by its large size, the long,
swollen, somewhat flattened, hind tibiae and short tarsi, and by the heavily-
speckled fore wings and the heavy lines. The Californian examples do not
differ from eastern ones.

There are two races : one brown-asii, with the wings thickly dusted,
while in the other the w ings are clearer and tinged with reddish-brown, while
the submarginal row of white dots, with a black dot on the inner side, is quite
conspicuous.

Ti'phrosia ferrugmomria Pack. (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, 388,
1871, xvi, pi. 1, fig. 21, 1874) is a variety of Lozogravuna nigroseriata Pack.
(originally described as a Tephroda, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, 32, 1874).

427
CYMATOPHORA IIiil)iior. Plate fl, figs, d, 2a; Plate G. fig. 23.

Ci/matophora Hiibii., Tentamun, 1810.

Dniocoelh, Erliopin, and Diileptiiiia Hiibn., Vrrz., :U(i, 1818.

Ckora Curtis, Brit. Kut., 88, IS-iiy'.

Boarmia Treits. (iu part), Sdmi. Eiir., vi, i, 187, l&S.

Cleoia .Stopb. (in part), Jlcis, ami Iloarmiii, Noiiicucl. Br. Ins., 43, 1831).

Boanuia Diip. (in ]iart), Lcp. Franco, vii (iv), :W7, 1829.

Uuisil. (iu part), G<ii. Iiul., 1%, 1840.

Dnp., Cat., •i-ii\ 1844.

ll.-Seh., Schni. Eur., iii, "O, 1847.
Jta"«an<l lloarmia Stcph., Cat. Br. Lop., 171!, 174, 1850.
Boarmia Lcileror, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wicn, 177, 185:$.

GntMi., Phab, i, 235, IS.W.

Walk., List Lop. Hot. Br. Mns., xxi, 334, 1800.

Head broader ill front tliau long, iiiiieli broader than in Tcp/irosia. l\i\\n
usually short and broad, not reaching beyond the front; or slender, pointed,
and reaching well beyond the front (('. p.si/ogni/umaria). Anteniuu well
l^ectinated, but not plumose. Fore wings with the costu slightly convex,
especially toward tiie subacute ape.\; outer edge very oblitpie, rather long,
not l)ent. Hind wings either a little elongated toward the apex or well
rounded, sometimes slightly scalloped. Venation : costal vein either anastomos-
ing with the sul)costal (C umhrosnria) or lie(! (C. psilognwimaria). Usually
six subcostal venules (five in C psilogr(nnmaria). Usually no subcostal cell
(C. umbromria); but it is sometimes ])rcsent, as in C jysilognniimaria. j\Iale
hind legs only moderately long; hind tibiae much swollen, and tarsi about one-
third as long as the tibiae (in C psilogrammaria very long and slender, the tibiae
not swollen, and the tarsi longer than the tibiae). Coloration: invariably
whitish or dark gray, with three sinuous black lines, often double.

The species of this genus are numerous and widely distributed, like those
of Tephrosia, occurring in deep, dark woods. They are distinguished by
their peculiar style of coloration, being, when unrLd)be(l, dark slate-gray, and
after flying about a few days becoming whitish-gray, and also by the broad
front, heavily-pectinated antennae, usually short palpi, and convex co.sta of
the fore wings. Contrary to what may be regarded as convenient, 1 follow
the strict law of priority, and adopt Hiibner's name Cymalophora for this genus,
dropping Boarmia, which is in conimon use. Even were Cumatophora not
a(U)ptcd, one of Hiibner's other terms, Dn/ocoelis or Veileptenia, would have
to 1)(' used, as the}' are well-defined groups, nearly as much so as Treitschke's
Boarmia, while he had no right to transfer the name Cynuitopliora to a genus
of another tinnily {Noctuidce).

Larva. — Caterpillars raniiform, rigid, elongated, of equal size tlirougliout,
adorned with lateral tuljercles; head flattened in front, and as broad as the
prothoracic ring. Living on the leaves of trees, and rarely on low plants.
Chrysalids in small subterranean cocoons.

Si/no2)si.s of the Species.

A. Antennae pubescent :

Pale ash ; outer line dentate C. crepuscularia.

B. Antennse broadly pectinated :

a. Wings long and narrow :

Diminutive; pale ash ; with three very distinct black lines C. psilogrummnria.

b. Wings long ; hind wings notched :

Outer line straight, beyond reddish-brown C. plmnosaria.

c. Fore wings acute, with five straight, jmrallcl lines :

Hind edge of abdominal rings black and white C. b-lincaria.

C. Antennas usually narrowly pectinated; terminal third filiform ;

wings long; discal ringlets elongated :

Outer line on the fore wing slightly Kinuons, with a subcostal tooth ;

beneath a broad submarginal shade C. pampinaria.

Outer line on the fore wing very sinuous ; a shallow subcostal scallop;

beneath no well-marked submarginal shade ...C. humaria.

Outer line angulate, sinuate ; a great angle in the extradiscal space ;

discal dots beneath large and diffuse ; outer line ou hind wing

with a great angle C. larraria.

Markings much as in humaria, but outer edge of hind wings fnller, more

distinctly scalloped, and discal dot not annular, as in larraria and

humaria C polygrammaria.

Wings short and broad ; very dark, discal dot ou hind wings, round,

not oblong-oval ; lines on fore wings not very oblique ; antenna?

plnmose C umbrosaria.

Hind wings deeply scalloped; a very distinct dark line common to both

wings ; the largest species of the genus C. californiarm.

Cymatophoka crepusculakia Packard. Plate 11, fig. 24.

Jioarmia crepuscularia Treits., Schm. Eur., vi (i), 190, 1827.
Tephrosia crepuscularia Gueu., Phal., j, 2G4, 1857.
Tephrosia oceiduaria Guen., Phal., i, UGG, 1857.

Jioarmia sublunaria Walk.!!!, List Lep. Hot. Br. Mns., xxi, ^45, 18(50.
Jiuarmia signaria Walk.! ! !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mns., xxi, 340, 1860.
Tephrosia spatiosaria Walk. ! ! !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mns., xxi, 403, 1860.
Tephrosia intrataria Walk. ! ! !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxi, 403, 1860.
Tephrosia fumalaria lliiiot ! ! !, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, 84, 1869.

12 i and 4 9. — (!losely allied in the form of the wings and the markings
to (\ umhromria, differing in the antenna; lieing simply pubescent. Body and
wiuffs wiii1ish-a.-<h, fiufly and unifi.rmly dusted with brown. Head whitish,

4l>9

with ;i blackish l)aii(l in iVoiit of, iiiid aiiollicr liclwccii, tlio ant('iinfi'. Pulpi
bhick on the sides, whilisl) Ixdow and al (ips. Thorax w itli a dusky shade
on liiiid edge of prothorax, and a transverse (hisky band bciiind I lie nii(hlle.
Foic wings with three cnrved, dentale, blaek lines, marked by distinct black
points on the veins. The inner line regidarly curved, well marked on the
costa, bent outward a little just below this spot, enlarging into a round l^lack
spot on (he median vein. Middle line Taint, Ijrown, somewhat dilluse (often
obsolete), and much less curved than tiie inner line, with a distinct costal
patch; tliird and outer line sinuate, not much curved, with a scries of lilack
dots [)roduced along the veins into teeth; a double tooth on tlu^ origin of the
first median vein. This line is accompanied by a broad, iiiint, jjale, brown
shade. A submarginal row of ditfuse, large, dusky spots, best marked toward
the apex, and these spots tilling the teeth in the submarginal zigzag white
line; two dark scallops conspicuous in the extradiscal interspace. ]\Iarginal
row of black lunules, sometimes forming rounded dots. Fringe wiiitish on
both wings. Hind wings with three wavy lines, the inner just within tlie
discal dot (no discal dot on fore wings) and broader than the others, while the
middle line is more distinctly dentate than on the fore wings. Wing beyond
marked as on the anterior pair. Alxlomen with a double row of dorsal black
spots. Beneath, either unitl)rndy jjale ash, anil without any markings, except
very faint discal dots and an outer line, or quite uniformly mottled with dusky
ash, and with two lines faintly reproduced. Fore legs dusky, ringed witii
whitish ; hind legs pale ash ; iiind tibia' as usual in the other species.

Length of body, S, 0.50-0.60, 9, 0.60; of fore wing, S, 0.65-0.72. 9,
0.75; expanse of wings, 1.50-1.60 inches.

Salem, Mass., July 1,^ (Emerton and Packard); Cambridge, duly 7,
Brookline, Octol)er 4 (.Sliurtleif); Boston (Minot); Dorchester, 3Iass. (San-
born); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus); I'.rcwster's, N. Y., April 21 (Grote);
Albany, N. Y., May 4 (Lintner); Illinois (Dr. Hoy); Philadelphia, Pa. (Ent.
Soc. and Grote).

It varies in the distitictness of the lines, the second line on the fore
wings is often wanting, and sometimes the lines are (juite heavy. The
specks, usually light, arc sonuitimes abundant, making the wings darker than
usual. The species does not diHcr in any particular from C crepuscularia
from Europe. In comparing a \^iciina male with tourtc(Mi others, from
difTercnt parts of the United States, 1 do not find so nnich dillerence as

430

between sonu; (akcii in our own country ; there are not even any climatic or
racial differences that I can ])crceive. It is our most common species, and
is found in boi'cal and middle Kurojte. ll may l)e known by llie simply
pubesceut antenna^, its )iale color, llie outer dentate line, that on the tore
wing less sinuous than tlie corresjtonding line in C. vmhrosaria.

The European 7\']i/iroi>ia consortaria is a true Cymatopliora, and larger
than, but closely allied to, crepuscularm.

Cymatopiiora psilogrammaeia Packard. Plate 11, fig. 16.

Jioarmia psilogrmmnario Zellt'r!!!, Vcih. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wieii., xsii, 1872.

3 (? and G 9 . — This i)retty, diminutive species is whitish-asli in color,
and has long, narrow fore wings, with the apex much rounded, though some-
w hat produced, and with the outer edge nearly as long as the inner. Male
antennae heavily j>ectinated. Fore wings with three distinct, scalloped,
black hair-lines, and two diffuse, faint lines beyond, common to both pairs
of wings ; midway between the insertion of the wing and the basal line is a
black costal spot ; basal line very oblique, arising near the middle of the
costa and ending at the same distance from the insertion of the wing as the
first costal spot; the line is jagged, with a large angle below the costa;
beyond the discal dots are two parallel, scalloped, black hair-lines, curved
outward opposite the discal dot, and still beyond are two smoky, diffuse,
^\•avy bands ; the marginal row ot black, elongated dots is very distinct.
Hind wings quite clear, with a line running as far as the discal dot, and,
beyond, two l)lack lines, the outer the most distinct; beyond are two
obscure, smoky lines, as in the fore wings ; the dots on the margin are round,
and remote from each other; beneath, the wing is clear and pale, with the
discal dots distinct, and willi traces particularly of the outer line, on both
winors. The fore leijs are blackish.

Length of body, S, 0.30, 9, 0.30; of fore wings, cf, 0.40, 9, 0.45;
expanse of wings, 0.85-0.95 inch.

Texas, May 7-11 (Belfrage).

This a])i)i'ars to be a conimdii species in Texas, Init has not yet occurred
elsewhere. It may be recognized liy its small size, the clear, whitish wings,
and the scalloped, fine, clear, dark lines. I liave examined Professor Zeller's
type in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. •

4;u

CYMATOrilOIJA I'LUMOSARIA IVkjud. Phllc 11, li<,'. 17.
Cymalophora plnmnsariii I'iuk., SLstli Ifcp. l'i;ili. Acad. Sci., '<l. l.-^71.

"2 c? . — This species heloiiifs to ;i distiiicl s(K-li()ii of llie ifeiiiis, inid is
intoriiiediiilo between ('. Inuihirid and (,'. niiiJ>ioti(ui(i ; the antenna', being
broadly pectinated, ])luni()se to just before the tip, tiie branches Ijeing rather
longer than in C. umbrosaria, while the wings arc shaped somewhat as in
C. huinarla. The lines are straight, not waved, and bent, and in this respect
it reseinl)les Hemerophila. The hind wings are distinctly notched on tlu;
independent vein. Front dark brown, with a white line in front. Vertex
whitish. Body and wings dull ash. Fore wings with brownish scales at
the base of the wing and beyond tin; outer line; thre(; black lines, the inner
nuich curved, ol)liquely curved on the costa, and from tlu! median vein
directed obliquely and ending nearer the l)ase of the wing than nsual ; middle
of tlie wing paler than elsewhere; a faint discal dot; middle line sinuate,
approaching the outer line just below the median vein ; outer line very
distinct, bent at right angles below the last (sixth) subcostal vein, and thence
to the inner edge very oblique and not curved ; beyond, the wing is reddish-
brown, inclosing a zigzag, white, snbmarginal line; a marginal row of black
dots. Fringe concolorous with both wings. Hind wings like the fore wings,
with two black lines, the inner diffuse, straight, not reaching the costa, tin;
outer more distinct, curved round opposite the distinct discal dot to the
costa, but directed straight to the hinder edge; beyond, reddish-brown, and
marked as in the fore wing. Abdomen with a faint l)lack line at the Inise,
and the hind edge of the segments touched with black. Beneath, botii
wings uniformly ash, with a faint ochreous tinge on the veins and the costa, but
no lines, apd the discal dots distinct (or very faint and diffuse). The marginal
row of venules sometimes distinct. Fore legs dark within, paler externally.
Hind legs pale.

Length of body, c? , 0 53 ; of fore wing, i , 0.53 ; expanse of wings, 1.U8
inches.

Demopolis, Ala. (Grote).

This interesting species may be known l)y the very plumose antennae,
the straight outer line and reddish-brown margin of the wings, the simple
discal dots, and by the notch, or sinus, in the hind wings.

432

CyMATOPnoRA QUiNQUE-LiNEARiA Packard. Plate 11, fig. 18.

Ciimaiophora b-linmria Pack., Sixth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sc, 51, 1H71.

2 (? ami 1 9. — In tliis species, the body is unusually stout, the antennae
broadly pectinated, a little loss so than in C jjlumosaria, and the tip is simple,
the simple portion longer than in C. plumosaria ; the wings are longer and
apex more acute than in any other species. Apex of the hind wings more pro-
duced than usual. Body and wings pale whitish-ash. Head brown, a white
line on the front edge, between and behind the antennae whitish; base of the
head next to the prothorax brown. Thorax white; prothorax brownish. Fore
wings pale ash, with fine, parallel, black lines, very oblique and not curved, all
apparently not reaching the costa. Inner line double, broad, ending on the
inner edge half-way between the base of the wing and the third line; second,
third, and fourth close together; second very narrow; the third broad and more
distinct than any others; the fourth forming a broad shade parallel and close to
the third ; the tilth is more parallel to the margin. Discal dot round, distinct.
Hind wings with five lines, all disappearing before tJie costa; the inner diffuse
and a little curved, the second the most distinct and ending on the discal dot,
which is merged with it; the three beyond are diffuse bands, the outer form-
ing the margin of the wing, and twice as wide as the fourth. Abdomen
with the segments edged with white, with an inner black streak. Legs ash;
fore pair a little dusky within. Beneath uniformly dull ash, with no lines
and very faint discal dots.

Length of body, cT, 0.45, 9, 0.42; of fore wings, $, 0.58, 9, 0.5^;
expanse of wings, 1.25 inches.

Texas, March 7, April 28, May 13 (Belfrage).

This singular species may he readily recognized by the broadly-pec-
tinated antenna;, the pointed fore wings, the five parallel straight lines, though
oblique in theii- course, and (he alternating white and dark linear bands on
the al)domen.

Cymatophora PAMPiNARiA Packard. Plate 11, fig. 20.

I'lOarmia pampitmrin Gucn,!!!, Phal., i, 24.'), 1S.')7.

Walk.!!!, List Lip. Hot. Br. Mils., xxi, 342, 18(10.
lioarmio friKjaliar'm Gncu., Phak, i, 24(), 1857.
lioarmia fraudidnilaria Zcllcr!!!, Veili. liot. Zool. Ges. Wiei], xxii, 492, 1872.

12 d and 4 9. — Antennai moderately pectinated. Palpi pale gray,
idackish on the sides, while at the tip and on the under side of the basal

joint. llrad darU in Ironl, pale nn llic vci'lcx; a Iru darlv scales hclwccn lla;
insci'lions ol llic anliMina". Body and wlniis pale asli ; hotli winys sonicxs liat
))rodii('ed toward tlic apr.x. I'^oic wings spccUlcil witli brown scales, a lai'gc
hlistcr at hasc ; three prominent lines, the inner liroadly curved, the carve
cotdinning across the median space, the line hea\_v.and lilatdi, siil)ac.ntel\'
aiigulated outward Ixdow' the cosia, hroadeninir on the costa and (ui the
nu'dian vein, and angula1<'d outward slightly on tiie suliniediaii ; if is dis-
tinctly j)rolona<'d on to the liase ol' the hind wings "^J'he second or nuddle
lin<' ix'gins as a l)road triangular costal pat(di, larger than that of tin; l)asal
line, and curvi'd around just outside of the simjjh' discal dot (wlfudi seems,
however, to liirm onc^ side of a ringlet, of whi(di the outer two-tlfirds are
formed by the curve in'the line). I'he line widens at the origin of the iirst
median venule, where if. approaches the outer line ; it touches it just Wtdow
the second median and then diverges on to the inner edge. The line is slightly
.scalloped. Outer line black, distinct, l)roa(lly sinuous, with thre(; grand
curves; l)etween the costal edge and the last sid)costal venule three uneijual
teeth, the larifest and nu)st acute just Ixdow the costa; l)elow it and at llie base
a ])oint on the second venule; from the third tooth the lin(( sweeps around
coiktinuously to the third median venule, with a l)luck point on each venide;
l)elow this the line curves regularly inward, pointed outward on the sul)-
median vein; a dull-brown, almost blackish, shade boVders tiiis line. A sub-
marginal, zigzag, di.stiiict, white line, the scallops within filled with black.
From each white point a narrow dark streak connects with each l)lack inter-
venular dot. A dark shade in the extradiscal interspace. Fringe on botli
winys i^ray, laintly checkered witii paler oj)posite the \)\avk dots. Hind wings
pale within the extradiscal line; at the extreme base a black line; a straight
shade just below the discal dot, which is black, linear, distinct. The third
is narrow, black, distinct, nearly straigiit, pointed slightly outward on tin;
costal vein, and with a very prominent tooth on the first subcostal vein;
between the median vein and tln^ inner edge a little curved inward. Beyond is
a l)rown shade. A broad, sul)marginal, dusky shade, inclosing a zigzag, white
line. A l)lack, marginal, scalloped line. Beneath pale-ash, with a very laint
oclireous tint ; discal dot on the fore wing three times as large as on the hind
winfrs ; middle area of the fore winsjs smokv. A very broad marginal
blackish shade, leaving awhitisii apex, and tlie adjoining |)ortic)n ol the Iringe
paler. On the hind wings, the shade is narrower, disappearing at the inner

yo p n

434

allele of llic winir, iiiul leaving the edge of \\\r wing pale. IJolli wings
iiiotllcd with lallicr broad transverse streaks. A distinet Mack band at the
base of the aluhmien; the liind edges of the second and snceeeding segments
(biskv; tlie Ijasal segment iinnsuallv wliite. Anterior pair of legsdnskv, w ith
narrow jiah'r rinixs; liind leniora tliick, ])ah', witli a iieiicil of hairs, as nsnak
The fennde is hirger, a litth' more (bisky aljove and beneath, but with the same
markings.

Length of l)ody, c^ , U.Oo-O.Sj, 9, 0.42; uf fore wing, J, 0.58-0.G,i,
9,0.75; e.\])anse of wings, 1.40-l.f)5 inches.

Maine (Packard); Lansing, ]\Iich. (Miles); Natick, Mass., June 28
(Stratton, Coll ]5ost. Soc. Nat. Hist.); All)any, N. Y. (Lintner and Meske);
Brewster's, N. Y. (Grote) ; I'liiladelphia, Pa. (Knt. Soc.) ; Pennsylvania
(Mus. Com]). ZooL); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus); Demojiolis, Ala. (Grote);
1\>.\as, IMarcli l-:-20, May 12, July 1 l-lit, August 19-30 (l^elfrage); Glencoe,
Dodge County, Nel)r. (Dodge).

This is perhaps our most common and widely-distril)nted species. It
may be known ))y the very distinct line at the base of the abdomen, the
l)asal ring 1)eyond being unnsually \\hite, and by the under side of the wings
having a broad marginal shade, wliile the third line on the fore wing is deeply
l)ut quite regularly sinuate, and near the costa acutely dentate, while in C
huiiuiiui it is instead obtusely curve(k It varies a good deal, especially in
tiie tint of llie brown shade accompanying the third line. It does not appar-
ently vary mneli in size. I find specimens agreeing mainly witli B. fruga-
llaria Guen., having the cannel-coal-colored band, while thi' discal dot is
variable in all the specimens, and I have examples in which it almost touches
the median line. In a specimen received from Mr. Angus, the basal line is
double, arising from two costal spots, and uniting on the inner edge of the
wing.

A single female specimen collected I)y myself at Idalio, C!olo., July 5,
at light, may ])rove to t)e the type of a distinct species. It differs from tlie
eastern females of yw^/y^/z/r/y/a in the want of any llasal Idack line on the second
])air of wings, the corresponding line at the Itase of the abdomen not l)eing
present. The basal line on the fore wings ends much farther from tlie inser-
tion of the .wing, while the e.xtradiscal line is scalloped very distinctly; other-
wise it does not materially differ from a typical pampinaria. It expands 1.50
inches.

4>^.

»;>

Lawa.—Mv. L. W. Goo.ldl, „|- Amh.-isl, .^I;iss„ Was n-.nn] ll,r inolh
from larvH' r.'cdinii- on I lie pcar-lrcc. 1 1.- writes iiir llial '• when I'lillv ir|-o\vii
il uicasiircd one inch in Icnulli and was oC a pale _\ clh.wisii ^Tccn color, with
ii l)road reddish lirown stripe cdo..,] with hhick on the liack, -.oul on each side
olthclirth rino- was a sn.all l»lack spot. Scpicndicr llh, alter spinnini,^ a leu-
threads over itseir it liecanie a pupa, and was t ransloi-nied to i tli Xoveni-

Ikt Utii. Tlie pupa was one-half an iu(di loni,^ and liaht hroun in c(dor."

Cymatopiioka iitmakia Packard. I'lale 11, fin. -JJ; [jirva, plal(! l;5, Iiir. 15.

Jloarmia hiimuria Guen., I'lial., i, 'J4G, Itio".
Jhmimia hiliaria Giieu..'!!, rii:il., i, 24G, IHf)".
ISuurmia deficUiria Gucii., Plial., i, 247, 1857.

Iluannia momaria W;illc. ! !!, Li.st Lcp. Hot. Hr. JIus., xxi, :!4r>, 18()0.
lioannia humaria Walk.!!!, I.i,st Lep. Hct. Br. Miis., xxi, :!4'J, IrtflO.
Jloarmia inlrnria Walk., Li.st Lc|i. Het. Bi', Mii.s., xxi, :M.i, 18(iO.
Jhaniiiu liaiiKfudriii Walk.!!!, Li.st Lep. Hi-t. Id'. Mils., xxi, :547, ISGd.
lioiinniit albujcnaria Walk., List Lep. Hef. Br. Mils., xxi. :M8, IHGO.
Ihiiiimia sijlii/raiiii Walk.!!!, List Lep. Het. ISr. Mns., xxi, :i4!), ISGO.
limtrmia iiilracliirid Walk.!!!, List Lep. Het. B". Mns., xxi, IMD, 18G0.
riiili,il<iplirii.r o-osUitti Walk.!!!, Li.st Lep. Het. Br. Mns., xxvi, 1718, 18ta.
f Jwiinniii luiTdi-iu Walk., List lj<-p. Het. l!r. Mas., xxi, :i44, 1800.

•J (? and 4 9. — Anleniue of the male moderately pectinated about tlirce-
(piarters tlieir length; tip liliform. JVuk and wii]g.s; whitish-ash, moderatelv
dusted with brown .scales; paler, however, than in C. j>(iiiqji)t((r/a (i. Head
light, a broad, transverse, i)lack Ijand on the anterior rdgp of the front, and
a uarruwor one between the aiitemi;e. A distinct, light-brown band on the
l)rothorax, and some concolurous scales on the sciitellum. lioth wings
longer, more produced toward the apex than in C. puniphuuia, the outer
edge of the fore wings being more ol)li(pH'. End of the abdomen jnst even
with the anal angle of the hind wings. Fore wings with the basal line
much less curved than in C. painii'nuirui, and ending I:n1 her from the base
of the wing; a double tooth on the costa, the u[)iier being a liroad, costal,
black spot, while below is a well-marked tooth; another tooth on the median
vein; the line is l)roadly shaded rnternaily with pale chocolate-brown ; tlu;
middle line usually indistinct, except on the co,sta ; it is sinuate, snltparallel
with the outer line; il curves around outside the narrow, long, discal rimr
(soinctinie.s a[)|)eariug to pass through the outer side (d' the riiii^): it varies
in its distance from the outer line, usually joining it on the sul)median vein,
and leaving a more or less well-marked v-shaped area on the inner edge
of the wing; outer (third) line bhudv, distinct, very sinuous; Ijetweeii the

4;!(;

-cosla iiiid cxdiKliscal space the lim: is sliaiiihl and dividrd iiilo 1 wo shalldw
scallops, tlic lower l»eiiig the more pointed of the two (in C. iKuiijunarla. the
iipiier scallop is represented l)y a prominent doulde tooth); below, the line
curves inwai<l, with a similar ontward cnrve, and then the line carves ont-
ward, enilinir on the inner edge of the wing; a hroad, pale, (diocolale-hrown
shade l)orders the line externally; the usual distinct, zigzag, white line
inclosed in a dusky area; a whitish suhapical patch; a row of marginal,
small, round dots, each dot sending a faint black streak inward. Fringe
concolorous with the wing, not checkered. Hind wings with a black line at
the extreme base (sometinn's wanting) ; middle line broad, ditfuse, straight ;
oiitei- line linear, with a distinct point opposite the discal dot in the more
tvpical tlnni, orthe point obscure; the line varies in its distance from tin;
narrow, large, discal ringlet; the line'' shaded l)eyond with ])ale chocolate;
sul)marginal zigzag line and edge as in the fore wings; beneath, usually witii
no markings, except three faint costal spots, and discal spots and marginal
spots. Surface of both wings uniforndy dusky-ash, a little darker than in
C iHimpinaria; in one specinieii, a tiiint. submarginal, dusky shade. Abdomen
wjtii a narrow black stripe at the base, l)ut the basal ring not conspicuously
white, as in C. paiiipinaria; two rows of dorsal l)lack spots along the iJxlo-
men. Anterior legs grayish, with paler rings.

Length of body, c? , 0.50,-0.55, 9,0.50; of fore wing, S, 0.60-0.70,
9, 0.70; expanse of wings, 1.40-150 inches.

Brunswick, Me. (Packard); White Mountains, N. H., late in Augu.st
(Scudder); Natick, Mass. (Stratton, Coll. Bost. See. Nat. Hist.); Lansing,
Mich. (Miles); L)wa, July '28 (Parker); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus);
Albany, N. Y. (Lintner and Meske); Brewster's, N. Y. (Grote); Philadel-
phia, Pa. (Ent. Soc); Texas, May G-15, July 8, August 3 (Belfrage).

This varial)le species is n.early as common as C^. pionp'niaria, and diilcrs
from it in the very sinuous outer line, the more oblicpie, less curved, inner
line of the t()re wing, l)y the distinct: discal ringlets on iioth wings, and l)y
the absence beneath of the submarginal dusky shade. Walker's Pliihala-
pteryx ciosiata is a rubbed individual, with v(My Ijroad, suffused, black lines.
I have it Irom Maine. Another variety, whicdi 1 did not see either in ]\[.
Guenee's collection or that of the British Museum, is chocolate-ash, with
the chocolate bands twice as broad as usual.

4;}7

M. GiieiK'c tells mv (liiil liis /A iiKmuirUi is rmiii Australi:!, not North
America.

I can find no cliaraclcr ol' inipniljincc in ]\I. (Jimmk'c's (l(>scri])ti()]i fo
t<eparatc liis B. (Ivjectdna Ironi luiiiitiiKi and iitlKiiin. ( )nc of niv s])fcinicns
u\ hiiminiii has a Caint dusky "liavdc snlilcnninalc", and tlic vjuiations in size;
arc ((iiitc niariicd in (liis s|iicics. llioiiiili Irss so tlian in />'. Inirar'tii.
Walker's description (d' 1). larnn'ia applies in lli<' main to this s])eeies,
except tiiat the e.\|)ression "under side (of liire wind's) with an elongated
hlaekisli spot" is scarcely apjilicalde, ihou^h this may rel'er to the liiini
dusky shade noticed in on<' of my specimens: at all events, it is not the
B. Ian-aria ol' Guenct;.

In a specimen from Texas, the discal ringlet of the hind wing tonclies
the outer line, which is much more angulated than usual.

Larva and pupa. — Body rather thick, smooth, not humiied ; reddish-
brown al)ove and straw-yellow beneath; head yellowish, spotted with l)rown.
Pupa (pi. 13, tig. \ba) of the usual conical form, reddish-l)rown. Food-
[daiit, an ^c«c/rt-like genus. — (Described from Al)i)ot's MS. drawing.)

Fig. 21, of plate 13, represents a caterpillar drawn ])y Abbot. On the
same plate is a moth closely allied to C. humaria. It is probably the larva
of some Ennomonine genus. The body is cylindrical, ramit()rm ; head
rather small, with a fungus-like dorsal hump just betbre the middle of the
body and. a smaller terminal one. Head, hnmjjs, feet, and anal segn)cnt
reddish. Body gras.s-green, with a transverse, pale, donsal band on (;ach
segment. Pupa slender, umber-brown. Food-plant Rlirxia mariana.

Cymatophora lvrvaria Gueiiee. Phite 11, fi<j:. 21.

) "o-

Boarmia la)-varla Giien.!!!, Pbal., i, 247, lir.jT.

Boannia humaria Walk.!!!, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxi, 34-2, 18R0.
Bmumia dtfictaria Walk. ! ! !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxi, 34:5, 1800.
Not Boarmia larraria Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Miis., xxi, 344, 18()0.

8 cf and 2 9. — Fore wings still more produced toward the apex than in
liumariu. Male antemue pectinated as in that species. Tip ol aiidonien
projecting a little beyond the hind wings. Pale whitish-asii; head whitish;
n few black scales between the antemue. A brown line on the prothorax.
Fore wings with the inner line broad on the costa, angulated below, ami
thence going obliquely, not much curved, to the inner edge, bordered within
with a pale-brown shade. Discal ringlet broader than in B. humaria and

438

luoix' (listiiift. Middle line making a liglil angle opposite the discal ring,
broad on the eosta, below ihe median vein parallel with the outer line, and
not lonehins il. ( )ufer ((iiird ) line very simions, with a large reetangular
l)cii(l opposite the discal ring; the line enrves inward to the point of the
angle, which is either s(|nare and snbdentate, or rounded ; another ])rominent
bend just lielow the third median venule, where the line is deeply curved
inward. The liiu' usually hordered externally with pale chocolate-brown
(Ihouuh not always). The usual //igzag, snbmarginal, white line inclosed in
a black shade, ov bofii partially obsolete. Marginal row of dots as usual.
Hind wings with a bioad, black, inner line, usually doul)le and ol'ten ioiu-hing,
and in one case inclosing the discal ringlet. Outer lin(^ with a great snl)acute
ano-le opposite the discal dot, and thence following a deep regular curve to
near the anal angle. Beyond as in the fore wings. Abdomen with a black
line at base, beyond not spotted. Beneatii pale, with the discal dots very
lan'o and dilbise; a snbmarginal, broad, dusky shade, sometimes not extending
l)evond the middle of the wing. The outer line is faintly reproduced.

Length of body, c^ , 0.40-0 GO, 9, 0.50; of tore wing, <T , 0.55-0.73, 9,

0.(i5; expanse oi' wings, l.;iO-1.50 inches

London, Canada, July 12 (W. Saunders); Brunswick, Me. (Packard);

Portland. Me. {E. S. Morse); White ^Mountains, N. H, August IG (C. A.

Sluirtletf); Uolyoke, Mass. (J. L. Chase); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus);

A!l»any, N. Y. (Meske and Lintner); Philadeli)hia, Pa. (Grote); Oregon (H.

Edwards). The specimen from ()regon is rublied, l»ut not distinguishal)le

from the large pale race.

This common species seems to l)e divided into two races, one smaller

and darker, with the antenna? more l)roadly pectinated, while the outer line

on the hind wing is less angnlated, but it is difficult to draw a line between

them. The si)ecies may at once ))e known by the very sinuate outer line on

the fore wings, and the great angle in the corresponding line on the hind

A striking viiriety received I'rom IMr. Meske lias darker wider lines than
usual, Ihe inner line on the hind wings double and very heavy and broad, and
inclosing the discal ringlet, while the outer line is but slightly angnlated.

Larva. — Head of larva smooth and rounded, much as usual. Larva
dull red, on wild cherry June 2G ; imago July 8. Pupated June 25 ; imago
apjieared Julv 12, brown, of the usual shape and color (Sam)ders). The
moth reared l)v Mr. Saunders lielonged to the small race.

4-M)

Cymatoi'IK'Ka 1'oi,v(;i;ammai;ia. .v/>. /lor. I'liilc 11, liir i<)

2 S . — Tliis species is closelv allied to ( '. IniiiKiriii. I)iil it is a litlle larger,
and the apex of flic Hire w iiiiis is rounder, the outer ediie a little more olili(pic,
while the outer L'(l<re oi' the hind \viiii>s is decidedly fuller and more dislinctlv
scalloped. The hodv and wiiiijs arc clearer white than in Iiiiiiku'ih, au<l of
much the same tint as in Idrrnr.a. 'I'lie liasal line on I hi' fore winus is more
curved, less ol)li(|nc, and not accompanied hy a hrow ii line as in Intnuuin. A
median, narrow, dark hair-line aitsorhs the discal dot. 'I'he arrauifcuient of
liiis and the extradiscal line miicii as in humnria. Extradiscal line nincli more
oi)li(pieand less deeply sinuous than in /tuDiaria, i\m\ accompanied Iteyond l)y
a dusky l)ul not brown shade. The usual sid)niarginal ziirzag broad line. The
marginal scallo])ed l)lack line is very distinct, much as in /(/rn/r/ii. Hind
wini^s with an inner straight line; a small, black, elongated, discal dot, nijt
annular, as in Innnarid ami hirvaria; beyond is the exti'adiscal line, less angu-
lar than in larva ria ; l)eyond this line, marked as in the fore wings. Beneath
white, the hind wings clear, not lineated; the fore wings white, l)ut a little
dusky. Discal dots present on both wings. The head is pale on the vertex,
brown in front, and the abdomen is whitish, banded above with black trans-
verse lines, with a pair of twin black spots on the white pencil of the hairs.

Length of body, i , 0.53; fore wing, J, 0.75; ex])anse of wings, l.GO
inches.

Amherst, Mass. (L. AV. Goodell); Boston, Mass. (Saidtorn); Cand)ridge,
Mass. (Harris Coll.) ; New Jersey (Sachs).

Tills fine species is whiter than usual, with the lines arranged as in hir-
varid, but without the fiiwn-brown bands of that species, and with the outer
edge fuller and more distinctly scalloped, while the discal dot on the hind
wings is not annular, l)eing a simple dark spot.

Cymatophora umbrosaria Hiibner. Plate 11, fig. 23.

C!/niah>)ilii)i(i iiiiihroxariu Hiibu., Exot. Schm., i, 180().

Boarniia ijiiuphariu Gueu., Pbal., i, 'irA, 18.57.

Boarmia umbrosaria Guen., Pli.il., i, 2.51, 1S.57.

Boarmia umbro^iria Walli., List Lep. Het. Br. ^[us., xxi, 350, 18<i0.

Boarmia gnopharia Walk., List Li'p. Hot. Br. Mns , xxi, 3.')0, I'^eO.

12 i and 4 9. — Body stout; wings short and broad; Ion; wings trian-
gular; hind wings short, rounded, and not reaching beyond the ti|) of the
abdomen. Male antenna^ very broadly pectinated, speckled with white and

440

l)lu(;k above ; in Ihe female, .siiuple, dark granite-gray, ahuo.st. blackish. Front
of the head blackish : a white cross-line just below the aiitennoa ; vertex with
white scales. Pal|)i blackisli on the sides, white on the nnder side of the
basal joint, and at the tip of the second, and on the whole of the third. F(>re
wings thickl}' [)c|>|icii'd with black scales, so that the three lines are quite
indislinuuisliabic : inner line angidated broadly, just ludou the costa liroaii,
diirnse, and I'liilin^ in a (dear bla(d\ costal sjiot, as do the thi'ee outer liui'S.
Middle line sid)|)arallel, the angle o|)j)osite (he discal spot, \\ Inch consists of
an obscure ring ( represented in rul)l)ed specimens by a large discal oval dot).
()uter line a little more than half-way from the inner line to the outer edge
ol'the wing; it is straighter than usual, curved qinte regularly o|)posite Ihe
discal ring, scalloped slightly on the lower half, the scallops acutely pointed
on the costal half (in worn specimens the line is re[)resenle(l l»y a series of
l)lack venular points). A sul)marginal line of acute scallops edged externally
with white (the w bite line broader in worn specimens). l^'rom eatdi point
of these scallops, a broad, black, transverse, siiort stri[)e connects with the
marginal row of narrow lunules. Fringe on both wings concolorous with the
wing, pnler externally. Hind wings as the anterior pair; basal line unusually
broad, diffuse, varying in distance from the discal ring. Extradiscal line
deeply scalloped: outer or third line margined with white; a row of faint
dashes proceeding outward from the points of the scallops and connecting
with the narrow marginal l)lack lunules. Wings beneath pale dull gray, with
line, transverse, short streaks. Four very large, black, rounded, oval, discal
spots. The third or outer line rejiroduced, being a row of bhick dots on tin;
l()re wing, situated half-way between the discal dot and tlu^ outer edge of
lh<3wiug; on the hind wings nearer the discal dot : a broad, conspicuous,
bla(d\, marginal shade on both wings; on the anterior j)air the band widens
toward the costa. Abdomen with no black line at base, with two rows of
large, black, dorsal spots, those on the second and third segments large and
conspicuous. Legs [)ale-gray : two anterior pairs of tarsi dull, with narrow,
paler rings. Alxlonu'U ben('atli concolorous with the under side of the
wings.

Length of body, i. O.GO, 9, 0.65; of fore wing, S, 0.05-0.70, 9,
0.7.H; expanse of wings, 1.40-1,50 inches.

New P>runs\\ick, opjjosite Calais, Me., August 19 (8hurtleff) ; Bruns-
wick, Me. (Packard) ; Boston, Mass. (Sanborn, Post. Soc. Kat. Hist., C. A.

441

Sluirtlefr, C. S. Miiiot); Nalick. Mass. (Strattoii) ; Salc-in, :\[ass. (Pac^kard);
AVest Farms, N. Y. (Angus) ; Alhaiiy, X. Y. (Linlncr) ; Pliiladclpliia, Pa.
(Eiif. 8()C ) : Pennsylvania and Maryland (Mns. Conip. Zo()l ) ; Ivondon,
(^atiada (Mns Coni|>. Zo<il.) ; 1 )("ni()|)()lis, Ala. ((irofc); 'I'c.xas, iVpiil liMo
May 5 (BcKVagc) ; Lawrcnci', Kans. (Snow).

'Plus coinnion and w idcly-dist rilmtcd s|)ci'ics may Itc easily reeo^ni/.ed
liy llie very l)r<)adly-i)eermated anteni'a', the l)la(d\ pepper-atid-salt wings,
whieli are shorter than nsnal, and liy the dark liands on tlie under side of
(l)(! wings, together witli the hii'ge discal dots, forming <)l)scui"(! round rings
al)ove. The lines are less waved than usual. Tlie single, perfectly pre-
served individual from Ahdiama would at Hrst ije thought (piife distinct
from those comiiKUily occurring in collections, whicdi are worn and very
varial)l(.' in appearance. I'he species varies in the distance between tlie lines ;
sometimes the third line is doul)led, as described by Guende.

Cymatophoka californiakia Pacdxard. Plate 11, fig. 2o.

Boarinia californiaria Pack., I'roc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, 387, 1871.

1 S and 1 9. — This fine species l^elongs to Guende's first group, and is
allied to the Eifropean C. repandaria. The male is ash-colored, with num-
erous black scales, and is clouded more or less with dull ochreons patches.
Antennse well pectinated. The usual three transverse, black, difiusc lines
present; the basal one is much curved, a little wavy, and ends on the costa
at the basal third. On the costa, it is straight, just below pointed sid)acutely
outward, and curved outward a little just below the median vein, thence
going obliquely to the ])asal fourth of the inner edge of the wing. Fnun
the inner edge, a supplementary diffuse brown line accompanies it on the
inner edge as far as the median vein. The middle line is sinuate, curved just
l)elow the costa, and toward the costa Ijecomes much broader. The outer
line is more clear, runs near the middle line, and consists of three wavy,
slightly-marked scallops, one point resting on the low^er submedian venule,
the other on the third median venule. A submargiiial, zigzag, white line; a
scalloped, black, distinct line on the edge of the wing. Fringe ash-brown;
three difi'use ochreous-brown patches on the inner edge of the wing. Hind
■wings marked lik(! the fore wings: the l)asal line diffuse, blackish, straight;
a rather obscure discal dot (none visil)le on fore wings). An outer slightly-
scalloped line, like the basal one. not reaching the costa. It goes straight
50 V n

442

t'niin I lie iniKM- edge to the middle (if the di^^fal aren, where it makes a slight
l)eiid inward toward the costa ; it is bordered without by a broad, ditruse, ,
liniwu line. Beyond is a blacdiish subniarginal line, a little angulated in the
discal space; edge of the wing deeply scalloped, the points subacnte. The
leniale is ash, witii a slight olive tinge on the Ibi-e. wings, less ochreous, and
the hind wing more deeply scalloped. The outer line is tilack, very distinct,
anjiulated on the third median vennle or lust below if, and aijain on the
lower sul)costal venule. This Tuh' in the Ix'st-preserved specimen re-appears
beneath, though interrupted, and the four discal spots are very promitient.
A roiujd l>lack mark on the front of the head, and transverse black bauds
on the al)dominal segments.

Beneath, pale-ash, with l)lackish scales and minute strigse ; discal dot
on Ijoth pairs ot wings large, rounded, and distinct; tbe outer line common to
both wings faintly reproduced.

Length of body, 0.65; fore wing, 0 80-0.82; expanse of wings, 1.70

inches.

California (Behrens).

Desiderata.

I'liahtna tltea Cramer, iii, ccl.x.w, fig. C, 148, 1782 ; Buurmla titear'ui .

Guen., Phal., i, 248, 1857. — " Les antennes de cette Phalene arpeuteuse sent \h
i()rtement pUunacees; au dessous des ailes elles out une couleur de gris de "

ceudre, avec des bandes transvcrsales et des points Ijrunatres. On I'a decouvent
dans la Virginic."

Boarmia .suhluiiuria Gueu., Phal, i, 248, 1857. — ''Je ue connais que la. 9,
gris est e.\trenu;'ment voisine de lujtrc Cinctaria. Elle est d'un ton ge'nerale-
nieut plus clair. L'ombre (pn precede Text rabasilaire est d'un noir plus
intense et tres-d(itach(^e. II n'y a point (au moins dans mon exemplaire)
d'oml)re miidiane, et I'espace median est d'un ton clair et uni. II en est de
mcme de la base des ailes inferieures jusqu'a la ligne qui repond a la coudee.
L'abdomen est marque d'une large bande noire sur le premier anneau.
Ameritpie septentrionale. \]\\e. 9. Coll. Guen. Elle pourrait bien u'etre
qu'une variete americaine de notre Cinctaria, ce qu'on lie saura bien que
quand le i sera connu."

44;-;

]iRONCriP:LIA Guont'c. Plate o, fig. 4.

ICpimeris Hiibii. (in liaii), Xrv/.., 'M'>, If^lH.

TJunniiirt Tii'its. (in pnit), Sclini. Eur., vi (i), 187,1827.

Dup. (in j):ui), Lep. Krant-c, vii (iv),:{-i7, 182!).
Hromhdia (iiicii., Plial., i, 28(i, 18.')7.

Walk., List l-.'p. Her. I!r. Mns., xxi, VM. iscd.

l''r()ul (if the head iiuxlciafcly wide, mil lnnadcr than loii^'. Palpi i-atiicr
lari,'!', hroad at tiic ciid ; thii'd jiiiiit scai-cidy distiii^iiisliiddc fniiii tlic. sccoiiil,
rcacliini!; well in I'niiit ol the head. Aiitcmia' plimiosc, llic ends hciiii^ A\u-
|)lc. I'xidy as ill Ci/matophora. W\\\>j.^ viiy lariic ai:d liioad ; l()n' wiiig.s
with the ('K.-^la .-^traiirht. (inter edire nut ([iiite so ()l)li([ue as in Cymato]>1ior(i,
dislinetly scalloped. Hind wings long, extendinif Tar lieyond flic end of the
long slender abdomen, outer edge full, convex, and deeply scalloped.
Venation: costal vein tree. Six subcostal venules; first and second very
long, ecjual in length ; posterior discal venule very oblique, much more so
than in the other genera ot" the subfamily. Hind legs in the male rather
long; tibia' slightly swollen : tarsi one-third shorter than the tibiir. Color-
ation as in Cymatoplioya, though there is a slight l)row'nish-ochreous tinge
along the lines, which are d-eeply scalloped; both ])airs of wings marked much
alike.

The long hind wings, which extend far beyond the end olthe ai)doinen,
and are deeply scalloped, as well as the obtuse pal[)i extending b(.'yond the
front of the head, separate this genus from Ci/malopliora and Tcphroxia^ witli
which it is most liable to be confounded.

Larva — Short and very thick; head not so wide as the l)oily ; the third
thoracic segment swollen beneath. (Described from a drawing by Abbot.)

Bronchelia iiortaria Guenee. Plate 11, fig. 26.

" Phalana hnrtaria Fabr., Ent. Syst., iii, 2, 138, :!1, 179:i."

Phulaiia liriodnidraria Smith-Abb., Lep. Geor;^ia, ii, 20;i, pi. 102, 1797.

lipimccin Iiortaria Hiibn., Verz., 31.5, 1818.

Iloarmia hnrlaria Ti'cit,s., Sclini. Enr., vi (i), 202, 1827.

Diip., Liij). France, vii (iv), 1829.
Bronchelia Iiortaria Gueu., Pbal., i, 288, pi. 2, fig. 5, 1857.
Bronchelia ihndraria Gueii., Pb.al., i, 289, 1857.

Tcphrosia amplaria Walk. !!, Li.st Lep. Het. Br. Mu.s., xsl, 405, 1800.
Bronchelia lirioilendraria Walk.!!, List Lep. Het. Br. Mils., xsi, 450, 1860.
Bronchelia dendraria Walk.!!, List Lep. Het. Br. Mils., xxi, 451, 1860.
Bronchelia dimrpturia Walk.!!, Li.st Lep. Het. Br. JIus., xxi, 451, 1800.

2 cT and 2 9. — Pale whitish-asli, dusted with brown: palpi and front
of the head brown, vertex w hitish ; antemue uniformly brown : prothoracic

444

scales edged with brown. Fore wings with five well-marked lines, the
two basal approximate, parallel, and as well marked, as are all tiie others, on
the ODSta, Imth sligiitlv enivi'd, oblique, and disloealed on tiie sul)median
vein: diseal spol distinct, sublinear; the third line bends around outside it,
bnl verv near it, and neariv tonehes the llmrtli line just below the mtNlian
vein; sometimes tins is a broad, dark band (B. (tfinlrarid Gnen.); fonrfh line
a rcirularlv and dee|)lv scalloped liand; inclosing a white, similar line, l)lackish
within. l)rown ontsich' tlie white line, Ijcnt at right angles on the lirst median
v(!in, thence curving aronnd and ending beyond the middle of the inner edge;
tiic lil'th (and snbmarginalj is a dentate white line, parallel to the outer edge
of the wing, the scalloi)s tilled in with blackish, the broad black band inter-
rupted on the first median interspace; a marginal row of linear black Innules.
Hind wings with no basal band; just before the shmt, Innate, diseal dot, a
diffuse l)rown shade (in vai\ dendrar'tn broad and black and confused with the
median scalloped line); middle line l)lackish, scalloped, edged externally with
white, with a brown shade beyond; submarginal line as in the fore wings;
marginal lunules long and linear. Fringe concolorous willi the wings in both
pairs. Beneath, with a faint testaceous tinge. Costa of the fore wings
checkered with six black, square .spots. The second and fourth lines repro-
duced quite distinctly; the fourth al.so present on the hind wings A broad,
dusky, submarginal shade on the fore wings, growing more distinct on the
costa. Abdomen with two rows of black dorsal dots. Fore legs brown,
with paler rings. Hind legs pale. In the female, the lines are not so well
marked as in the male, but otherwise it does not ditier.

Length (d' body, (^,0.80, 9,0.75; of fore wing, <^, ].10, 9, l.lf); expanse
of wings, 2.15 inches.

Philadelphia, Pa. (Ent. Soc); Beaufort, N. C. (J. N.Trask); Knoxville,
Tenn. (Dr. Josiah Curtis, Coll. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.); Coalbnrgh, W. Va.,
May 10 (W. H. Edwards).

This splendid moth may b(' known by its large size, the broadly pecti-
nate plumose antenn;^, the fine, Uf-arly straight lines on the fore wings, with
the fourth bent once at right angles. It is the largest species of the gronp
in the United States.

Guenec's B. (iendiaria is evidently represented l)y one of my specimens
from North Carolina, in which the third and fourth lines are broad, confused,

and iilriidcd. Il is cvidciitlv an idnKniiiid cH'ccI, rallicr
even a vurict}-, in the usual sense ol' I hat wonl.

/.^/r/-«.— Body very 111 irk and rather sliorl ; liead small, not so wide as
the l)ody. Tale yellowish ; head pale reddish ; Ixtdy marked with pale
bluish-grccn irregular slushes. Feeds on Liriodaidron tuiipifvra. — (Deserihed
from Abbot's MS. drawing.)

GNOPIIOS ^l^r.-itschkr. Plate f), fiir. 5.

o

" Scoloplvri/x, CaluHcia, Ascolis, Di/soia, aud Hii2>o><colix lliibn., Vi-r/.., 1818.
GnophoH Troits, Sclini. Eur., vi (i), IGO, 1827.

Dup., Lep. I'liiiice, viii (v), <iO-i, 1830.

I5oi,s(l., (Jon. liid., I'lO-lH-K).

H.-Sch., Schm. Eur., iii, 71. Is.(7.
Cliiirixm and lliiophox Stepli., Cat. Br. Lep., 17(>, 18r,0.
Gnophos Lcderer, Veih. Hot. Zool. (ics. Wien, 178, r%:!.

Gueu., I'bal., i, S!)-2, 1.8r,7.

Walk., Li.st Lep. Iltt. I5r. Mils., xxi. 4.'ii). 1860.

Head ratlier narrow in front. Male antennaa simple. Palpi rather
sleiKler, porrect, e.xtending a little beyond the tront. Fore wings broad;
costa slightly con ve.\ ; ape.\ subacute, rectangular; outer edge Ijeiit in the
middle. Hind wings e.xtending beyond the abdomen, full on the outer edge,
whicii is more or less scalloped. Venation: six subcostal venules ; along,
narrow, subcostal cell; median venules much as in HfnK'ro}>hila.

This genus diifers from Cijmatophora in the short, i)road, more or less
scalloped wings and simple antennte. From Tiqilnoski. it differs in the
simple antenna; and larger, broader, shorter wings. From HeinerophUa, it
may be distinguished by the simple anteniuE and less scalloped wings. In
coloration, tlie species are dull ash-gray, with an indistinct, regularly-curved,
extradiscal line and four discal dots. The markings resendjle those of
Tephrosia (7'. nnficaria) more than any other genus, but the species want
the distinct dark lines. The single species known tVom this countr}. occurs
in Colorado, none having been tbund, as yet, east of the great plateau, or
plains. It is nearly, but not very closely, allied to the European G. piillata,
but is more reddish-ash-colored.

Gnopuos hayden.vta, sp. nov. Plate 11, iig. 27.

2 9. — Uniformly pale reddish-ash-gray; head whitish on the vertex,
but the front and palpi are concolorous with the rest of the body and wings.
Fore wings with no distinct markings, bciug didl ash-gray, with no markings

446

witliin the distinct, l)lack, discal dot; tiii- iudistincl, regularly-scalloped,
cxtradiscal line is bent outward opposite the discal dot, and thence goes,
without niucli ola curve, to the inner edge; the corresponding line on the hind
wini'S is regularly curved, tiiough not much so, and the scallops are regular
and well rounded ; where the scallops touch the venules, there is a fine, while
dot. Beyond this line, the margins of both jiairs of wings are paler than
within. Beneath, of the same hue as the under side of Tcphrosia caniidnria,
being pale ash, the t()re wings mottled with smoky spots, and the hind wings
clear, and conse(pienlly lighter. The discal dots are distinct on l)oth wings,
but there are no other markings,

Length of body, 9, O.GO ; of fore wing, 9, 0.80; expanse of wings,

l.GO inches.

Colorado Territory, August 6 (Mead) ; Clear Creek Canon, Colo , August

(Uhler, Hayden's Snrvey).

This species is respectfully dedicated to Prof F. V. Ilayden, in charge
of th(^. United States Geological Survey of the Territories.

HEMEROPHILA Stephens. Plate 5, fig. 6.

Eenm-ophila Stepb., Cat. Br. Le.p., 125, 1829.
AcldnUa Treits. (iu part), Scbui. Eiir., vi (ii), 5, ISi'iS.
Botirmia Dnp. (in part), Lep. France, vii (iv), 327, 1829.
Boisd. (lu ]iait). Gen. lad., 196, 1840.
H.-Scb., ,Scbm. Eur., iii, 76, 1847.
BemcropWii Lederer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. W^ieu, 177, 1853.
Gneu., Plial., i. 216, 1857.
Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mns., xxi, 315, 1860.

Head square in front, not being very broad. Palpi large and stout, thick
at the end, ascending somewhat, and extending well in front of the head.
Male antennae heavily pectinated almost to the tip. Fore wings broad, rather
long; costa straight or a little convex; outer edge either very oblique, bent
in the middle, scalloped, with the apex acute, siibfalcate, or the wing is short
and broad, with no bend in the outer edge Hind wings large, deeply scal-
loped ; outer edge either moderately or very full. Venation : l)ut five subcostal
branches, the first very long; no snl)eostal cell. Hind til)ia^ long; tarsi two-
thirds as long as the til)ii;e. Coloration dull reddish-ash, with very oblicjue
lines, with a broad blackish shade beyond the extradif-cal line on both wings.

The species of Heineropliila are readily distinguished by the peculiar
markings, the dark, deeply-scalloped wings, the very broadly-pectinated
antennae, and the large size of the species.

447

Si/no2>xii< of (lie. Specien.

I'oro wings broad ; hind wings full, deeply serrate on flie entire onter edge //. lalifuaciaria

P'ore wings subt'ak-ite, long; hind wings partly serrate //, iifiiliiiiii.

Hkmkropiula latikasciaria Packard. Plufc 11, fig. 28.

JJrmiropliila hili/nmaria Paeii., Pme. Host. Soc. Xat. Hist., xvi, Xi. IfTl.

1 <?. — CM" iiiediiiiii size; aiiti'mi;v hroadlv pectinated; liiiid \viiii>s nmiided,
fuller than in If. iinild/iii and more deeply serrated, the entire edge being so.
Pxidy and wings pale ash: front with a lonnd dark spot : palpi with the third
joint black. Hind edire of protliorax and hinder edge ol' the l)asal segments
ot" the abtloinen with a black iiand. i'dre wings reddish-ash, \\itli a broad,
curved, basal, l)la(d<ish btmd ; onter line slii{htl}' oi^licpie ; straight on the inner
edge, curved inward in the middle of the wing, thence; going straight to the
costa ; this portion ot' the line is rei»resenled b\ three or tour vemdar dots,
tli(-' costal one be"."Ji); the kirgest, while the postiMior two-thirds of the line is
bordered externally by two diti'iise, parallel, broad lines, the whole making a
broad band. Costal edge sptsckled with <lark ash. Outer edge scalloped, with
a l)lack point between each scallop. Hind wings concoloroiis with the fore
wings; two parallel slightly-wavi'd lines; beyond the middle of the wing a
very distinct, nearly straight, blackish line, with a supplementary brown shade
beyontk A .subinarginal broad shade. A black line t()llo\\s the scallops.
Fringe pale ash. Beneath uniformly pale; costa with transverse dark strigte ;
the outer band forms a smoky shade beneath, and on the hind wings a smoky
line. Legs ash-colored; two anterior pairs ot tibitc and tarsi broadly banded
with ijlackisli.

Length of" body, 0.60 ; fore wing, 0.78 ; expanse of wings, 1.50 inches.

California (Edwards); Sanzalito, Cak, September 28 (Behrens).

Hemerophila unitaria Herrich-Schaefler. Plate 11, fig. 29.

Hemerophila uititaria H.-Sch., Samml. Exot. Schui., -lli, lig. S04, 1800-56.
Gueu., Phal. i, 219, 1S57.
Walk.. List Lep. Hut. Br. Mus., xxi, ;.il7, 4SG, 18C0.

4 J and 1 9. — Body and wings whitish-ash; head brown in front, a
whitish line just in front of the antenna:? ; vertex whitish. Thorax whitish,
with a transverse brown line on the front edge of the protliorax. Fore wing.s
with two black linear lines, very oblique, not siiiuuus, and scalloped, the scal-
lops very shallow; inner line curved outward below the costa, parallel with

44S

Hie oiiltT. 'Vhr space 1)et\veeii the two liiies paler Ihaii (he base of (lie wing.
Outer Hue aeiit-ely angled in the last siibniedian interspace, curved outward
before reaeliini,Mlie costa, on wliieli there is a diffused dark spot. Beyond
this line, the wing is lirown, paler toward the apex; a faint, subniarginal,
whitish line. Fringe brown, with dark, slight lunules in the scallops ; a small,
black, discal dot. Hind wings with numerous, transverse, linear striga- ; some-
times, especially toward the base of the wings, united and forming short lines.
Two lines: the inner a ditfuse band, inclosing and effacing t lie discal dot ;
outer line more distinct, slightly bent on tiic snl)costal space, A broad brown-
ish band beyond, reaching to the apex, and leaving the margin of the wing
beliind the two apical teeth pale. Hind wings (lee[)ly scalloped ; the teeth
large and acute. Fringe dark on the two apical scallops, pale posteriorly.
Beneath, liotli wings paler than above, and uuiforndy transversely strigated ;
the outer line common to both wings more deeply scalloped than above; on
the fore wings it is bent at riglit angles below the co,sta, ending in a dark
costal spot. Costa with transverse unequal spots, Discal dots quite large
and distinct. Abdomen lirownish, with two rows of dorsal s]K)ts. The female
is rather larger and decidedly paler than the male, with deeper scallops, and
wanting the broad, marginal, l)rown band ori both wings, while the fringe is

pale. Beneath, the wings are not paler than above

Length of body, S, 0.80; of fore wing, <f , 0.90, 9, 1,05; expanse of

wings, 2.10 inches.

Montreal, Canada (Lyman); Andover, jMass. (Sanborn) ; Brookline, Mass.,

July 16, 22 (Shurtleff); Easton, Pa., and Illinois (Clemens).

This common form may be readily identified by the deeply- scalloped

dentate wings, the brown margins, and the slightly-scalloped, straight, outer

line of the fore wings, the straight outer line of the hind wings, and by its large

size. In the Illinois .specimen, tiie margin of the wings is much paler than

usual, almost white, with a subniarginal brown shade.

STENOTRACHP^LYS Guent^e. Plate 5, fig. 7.

Slcnolrachelijii Gueii., I'luil., i, 21)0, 16.')7,

Walk,, List Lep, Hot. Br, Mus., xxi, 4.58, 1860.

9. — Head l)roader and more convex in front than usual. Palpi stout,
thick, porrect, or very sliglitly ascending. Fore wings long and moderately
broatl ; co.sta straight ; apex subfalcate, subrectangular. Outer edge not very

■14l»

oIiIkIIH', scall(i[)i'(l. Hind wings more (»r less piodurcd louard tlic ajx'.x ;
()iilt>r edge inodiMatclv lull, cillici- entirely serrate or tootlied onlv toward tiie
apex; the wings reaeh a little Ixnoiid tlie end ot llie alxlonicn. N'enalion :
six sul)eostal venides ; a long, narrow, sidieoslal cell. Coloration: wliilisli-
asli, with a conmion, very distinct, Wlaek, exiradiscal Une,

'I'iie s|)e(n(\s oi" this ixenns, so liir as regards the ("eniales, may l)e known
l)y the well-sealloped wiii<rsand the large head, unusually full and eoiivex in
front. Unfortunately, no males iiave yet I)een obtained.

Si//iOj>.sis ql the Sjiecie.'i.

lliiul wings seiT.ite on the entire outer niari^in ; extrailiscal line on liiml wing.s bent out-
ward S. approxhnaria.

Hind wings partly serrati'; e.vtradiseal line nearly straight S'. pirmaipiaria.

Stenotrachelys approximaria Guenc'e. Plate 11, fig, .SO,

Cymatojiliora approjcimaria Hnhn., Esot. Schui., vi, B.-a., IrtlMJ.
Stenolnidicli/s approiimariii Gneu., Phal., i, '.i'JO, pi, 2. fig. (J, IS')?.

Walk.!!, List. Lep. Het, Br. Mu.s., .\.\i, 4.'>8, im).

1 9. — Vertex and front very full. Wings smaller than usual in pr(i|)or-
tioii to the rest of the hody ; t()i'e wings slightly dentate: hind wings acutely
and quite resjularh' dentate, Bo(l\' and winifs whitish-ijrav. Forr; wino;s
with two distinct, heavy, black lines, the inner very near the base of thewinir,
regularly curved, a little pointed on the eosta, ()uter line bent at riiiiit
angles on the basal third of tiie first median vein, the line thence goinir straialit
to the costa, though zigzag in its course; from the rectangular bend, the line
follows a course sul)parallel to the median line, where it again tunis rect-
angularly, ending on the middle of the inner edge of the wing. An inner
reddisli-brown line is parallel and near it below the median vein, and above
passes just within the faint discal dot. Beyond this line, the wing is .speckled
with linear transverse strigae ; no brown s'hade. A scalloped, marginal, dis-
tinct, black line. Hind wings as the anterior pair, thickly dusted, the speckles
becoming linear beyond the single median black line, which is distinctly l)ent
outward and scalloped between the bend and tiie costa. The marginal .scal-
lo[)ed line distinct. Fringe pale gray. Scallops regular, very espial in size; in
this respect the species diflfers from HeDiernpIiila itn/tn/id, in which they are
very unecpial, there being one deep-rounded one in the middle ol' the wing.
Beneath, just as above, with the outei' Hue; taintly reproduced: no discal spots,
and the mai"ginal line tiiinl. Legs and alxlomen speckled like the willies.
T)? 1" n

450

Length of body, 9, 0.60; of fore wing, 9, 0.90; expanse of wings
1.90 inches.

North Carolina (Harris, Coll. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.).

This interesting species may he known hy the outer line being bent at
rio^ht angles nnich n(nuer tlie middle of the wing tlian in HemerophUa unUaria,
in which the l)end is remarkably acute very near the apex, while the wings
are clear, not b(.)rdered with brt)wn.

Larva, — "The caterpiHar lives on Smilax rodmdifo/ia and laurifolia, and,
according to Abbot, on Qucrctts. It is also figured on a design of Eliexia ciliosa.
It is of the same color as the moth, of an ash-gray wasiied with brown, with
a dorsal series of white lozenge-s, lined with black and traversed in their
middle l)v a twin, interrupted black vascular line. On each side of the
lozenge is a black spot, and tlie first ring wants the lozenge and is traversed
by a single continuous black vascular line. It is found in March and April,
and the moth remains in the chrysalis nntil ()ctol)er." — Gucnee.

StENOTKACHELYS I'EKMAGNARIA, sj). nov. Plate 11, fig. ol.

1 9 . — This is one of the largest species of Phal?enids. The head is
smaller, less full above and in front; the apex of the fore wings more falcate
and the hind wings less dentate than in S. approxiinaria^ while it is a much
larger form. Head, body, and wings whitish-ash; palpi blackish. Fore
wings whitish-ash, speckled finely with dark scales, and mottled more coarsely
on the costa. A dark costal spot midw-ay between the insertion of the wing,
and a second costal spot, which gives origin to the extradiscal line, which curves
suddenly outward from this spot, and thence goes l)y a slightly sinuous course
to the inner edge of the wing. The corresponding line on the hind wings
is heavy, black, and slightly sinuous, not bent in the middle as in jS. ajrprox-
imaria. Beneath of the same hue, but the wings are mottled with smoky
spots, and there is a large discal spot on each wing not seen above.

Length of l)()dy, 9, 0.90; of fore wing, 9, 1.12; expanse of wings, 2.30
inches.

Missouri (Riley).

CLEORA Curtis. Plate G, fig. 3.

Sijnopsia Hiibn. (in part), Vit/,., 317, 1818.
Not Ckm-a Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 88, 18:25.
ISoarmia Treits. (in part), Schm. Eur., vi (i), 18Ji7.

451

cleora Sti'iili. (in part), Xomencl. I?r. Ins., <IH, IS'i'J.
lloitnnia Diip. (in part),Lcp. Fiaiicp, vii (iv), 'A'i7, IH-J .

Hoisd. (ill part), Gen. Ind., 19(1, IHIO.

Dnp., Cat., aiU, 184 1.

H.-Sch., Scliin. Eur., iii, 70, 1817.
CIcoya Stcpli., Cat. Br. Lcp.. 171, 1850.

lioarmia Leclcnr (in part). Verb. hot. Zoiil. ticN. Wicii, 177, 18ri:!.
Clfom GiiLMi., Plial., i, 230, 18r.7.

Walk., List Lop. II<-t. Hr. Miis., xxi, :!:!ll, Isild.

Head tiill ill Iroiil, as loiiii as liroad ; male antcima' |»liiin<)sc: palpi vcrv
slciidor, aftitc, exlciidiiiir a liKlc licvoiid llic I'loiil of llic head. Fine wiiiiis
witli the costa mom couvcx tliaii usual, llic apex cil her soiiicwiial rcclaiiiiular
or somewhat prothiccil: outer ed^e sliiihiiy lieiil, h'ss oiiliipie Ihaii in Ci/iiiu-
lophorti. The liind wiiiirs (hi not reach hevoiid the tipol'liie ahihimeii; they
are rouiah'd, entire, sometimes a litlh' (iroihieed toward the apex. In tiie
venation, this genus is iiiteriiu'diate bet ween the genuine JUxinii'uKr and the
Eft/iomi/KC. The eostal vein anastomoses with the siiheosfal. 'J'here are
six subcostal venules ; a rhomboidal, short, subcostal cell, somr'times a second
one beyond (in the S[)ecimen ligured on [)late (J, iig. ."5, it is re[)reseiited as
o})en). The wings are tliiii, semihyaline. and whitish, with two irrcirularlv-
scalloped dark lines on the tiire wings, and one extnidiscal scalloped line on
the hind wings. The diseal dots are very distinct. Hind male legs long
and very slender, the tibi;e not being swollen; the tarsi are oiie-I'mirlh
shorter than the tibia'. Abdomen long and slender, ('iirtis's genus C'Aryrw
is really synonymous with Cipitutoplidrd {Boannia). The type l^eing Ci/ma-
fojj/iora (Boannia) cinctaria, there is no good reason why it should l)e retained,
though I do so, following customary usage.

Larva. — "Caterpillars of medinin length, rough, color of lichens, llat-
tened beneath, with all the rings t)riianieiited with conical tui>ercles; head
small, globular; living- on the lichens of trees.'' — Guenee

Pupa rather long, with Ijroad, longitndiiial, lirown bands, (luenee states
that it is [)laeed under baik or under moss in a light net-work ol' threads.

The species are easily recognized by the unusually transparent wing.s,
their whitish color, and the dark scalloped line and distinct diseal dot, and
resemi)le the species of Xcnme.

Si/nojJd/.'i of til'' Species.

Wings comparatively elear; extrailiseal line bent slightly backward on the co.sta ('. puUlirnriu.

Wiug.-> densely speckled ; e.xtradiscal Hue directed toward the .apex ''. iiiiibrvsaria.

Extradiscal line less oblique than usual ; veins black ( . nigrovvnaria .

452

Clkoka puLciiKARiA Miiiut. Plivtci 11, llg. 32; pupa, plate 13, fig. 13.

Chora imlchuria Miiiot, Proc. Bost. Soc. N:it. Hist., xiii, 170, 1809.
y.trvnc jiimaria Tack., New and Little Kiiowu Insects, 14, 1870.
Chora priliiddaria Pack., Fifth Rep. Peal.. Acail. Sc, 78, 187:).

7 S and 8 9. — Palt- asli, witli dense l)n)\vn scalc.-^, or white, with fine
diisliv scales. Head deep yellow, paler in some ; in one female, while.
Body, ineludini;' abdomen, white ; legs dusky externally. Fore wing crossed
1)V two Ijlack lines, clearly cut in the white examples, difl'use on one side in
dark spt.'cimens ; fhcir distance apart varies greatly; in two closely-allied
I'cmale individuals, the lines vary in lieing separated by u distance equal to
hall' the length of the wing, while in the others they touch just below tln^
niediaLi vein. The inner line consists of four scallops, the t()urth and lowest
half-lormed; the first or costal is often indistinctly marked ; discal dots dis-
tinct, larger on the fore wings than on the posterior pair. Outer line sinuate,
scalloped, with a great curve outward between the subcostal and the third
median venule. Opposite the discal dot are three acute, smaller scallops, all of
e(pial size. Fringe whitish, distinctly checkered with black on the ends of
th(^ venules. Hind wings with a scalloped outer line, often obsolete toward
1li<.> costal edge, varyingin its distance from theouter edge. Beyond this line,
the wing is diirker th:iu al 1 he base. Beneath as above, Init sometimes a
little clearer.

Length of body, S, 0.50, 9, 0.40-0.50; of fore wing, ^,0.60, 9,0.bf)-
0.(55; expanse of wings, 1.30 inches.

Brunswick. Me., September (Packard) ; Salem, Mass. (Cassino) ; Massa-
chusetts (Sanborn); Boston, Mass., September (Minot) ; Albany (Lintner
and Meske) ; Philadelphia, Pa. (Ent. Soc).

This delicate pretty moth may be known by the three equal, acute,
small teeth opposite the discal spot. It varies much in color, some being
snu)ky-ash and densely scaled, others being almost snow-white and with
very tine specks.

Th(^ form whicli I described i\s pel/ucida/ia is a rather larger and more
dusky, smoky pellucid form than usual. Head white, front a little dusky ;
palpi dark. Thorax ami body j)ale mouse-colored. Wings of the same hue.
Inner line not so much curved, and outer line much as usual, l>ut with the
three teeth a little longer and less even. The lines are duller, and do not
contrast so much with tlie rest of the wing as in tlie ordinary form. Fringe

453

iiioiiso-culoic.l. with liiiiit dark cliccks. Beneath as above, hnl mm-e miiruriiilv
mouse-colored, willi the onler line as on tlie line \\in<,'s verv I'ainl, and no
inarkinos on fhe hind winiis, or wiih (he outer line indistiiief, hut eoniinoii
to i)()tli wings. Lenyth of hody, <^ . O.r)0-O.G5 ; of Ihre winir, cf , O.G7_O.SO ineli.

The 9 individual tiirured on plate 11 (fig. 35), received fnun Alaska
through ^Ir. Behrens, is a reniarkal)le lln-ni : lint T will provisionally rcirard it
as a variety of the pr(;sent sjx'cies, liaNiiii^ already deserihed one too inan\- in
this genus. It is dark, smoky, with the lines and discal dots very hroad
aiul heavy. The inner liiu; is slightly scalloped : the outer is txnit inward,
more on tiie costa than \u jmlcliroria. 'V\\v i)an(l on the hind w ings is nearly
obsolete, and tiie diseal dot is very large. Length of body, O.GU: of lore
wing, 0.iJ5 ; expanse of wings, "i.Otl inches.

Larva and pupa. — Mr. W . Saunders lias raised the moth from the larva
found by him on the pine. He states that "the larva is a geometer, and is
striped with red". The pupa (plate 13, fig. 13) is rather thick, white,
with a broad light-l)rown bajid along the l)ack, becoming widest in the middl(!
of the body. There is also a narrow brown band along the side of the bcxlv,
and on the under side of the abdomen are four longitudinal stripes of the
same color. The wiugs are slashed with light brown, and the antenna' and
fore legs are concolorous, while the middle and hind le<rsare white. Leuiith.
0.44 inch.

Cleora umbrosaria Packard. Plate 11, fig 33.

Cleoru mnhrosaria Puck., Proc. Bost. .Soc. Xat. Hist., xvi,'.i:!, 1874.

4 i . — Body and wings ash-colored, or pepper-and-salt; vertex of head
pale ash. Fore wings crossed by two scalloped lines, the scallops rounded,
not pointed ; the basal line straight from the costa to the median vc-in, thence
curved inward to the inner edge of the wing; outer line ix-gins on the outer
quarter of the costa, and follows a nearly straiirht course to the outer tiiird
of the inner edge, there being no great curve above the third median venule,
as in C. jmlchraria Minot of the Eastern States. Discal dot black. Hind
wings sometimes without any line; the wing is speckled with dark gray on
the outer third Beneath, the wings are uniformly ash-colored, the fore wings
scarcely darker than the hinder pair. No discal spots or other markings.

Length of body, 0.55; of fiare wing, 0.75; expanse of wings, 1.60
inches.

454

Califoniiii (Edwards) ; Victoria, Vancouver Js. (Crotch).

Tliis seems to he a larger species than the two eastern ones, and ditiers
in the outer line being nearly straigiit in its course, the scallops being well
rounded, and in having no line on the hind wings, and no markings apparent
on the iu)der side of either pair. The tore wings are sometimes nuich pro-
duced at the apex as in the race or sav'wiy iKlluc'idar'ia. The antennt^ are
l)roadly pectinated, as nsual.

Specimens received from Victoria, Vancouver's Island, tlirougli Mr.
Crotch (Mus. Comp. Zool.), are very light, and have the itmer line on the
fore wings scalloped mnth as in imlchraria^ whih^ the outer line arises very
near the apex, being very ol)lique. ( )n the hind wings, there is an extradiscal
line, bent outward in the middle, much as in the fore wings. It is one of
these specimens which is ligined on the plate (fig. 33).

ClEORA NIGKOVENABIA, Sp. 710V. Plate 11, tig. 34.

2 c? and 2 9. — Wings rather thicker and darker than in the other two
species. Head and body dark ash-gray. Fore wings uniformly dusky-ash,
the inner line scalloped, sending out a point on each vein, curved outward
much as nsual. Discal dot distinct. The extradiscal line is much less
obliqne than in the other species, there being a rectangular bend in the discal
space, and from thence running straight to the inner edge of the wing, though
the line is scallojied. A subniarginal, faint, wavy line The principal dis-
tinguishing mark of the species are the l)lack veins, the l>lack portions not
present within the basal line, and Ijeyond this being interrupted by the
transverse lines. Hind wings immaculate, l)eing uniforndy clear smoky-
ashen, and concolorons with the under side of both wings.

Length of body, S, 0.58, 9, 0.60; of tore wing, <?, 0.75, 9, 0.78;
expanse of wings, 1.50 inches.

Victoria, Vancouver's Island, July (Crotch, Mus. ( 'onip. Zool.).

Anhopteryx restltuens Walk., Can. Nat., v, 263, 1860 ; List I^ep. Het. Br.
Mus., xxvi, 1696, 1862. — This is probably A. vernata.

Anlsoptcryx sericeiferata Walk., List, 1697, 1862. — This is undoulitedly
A. verntrla.

i<i/nui>si(i phigaliaiKi (Jucii , I'hal., i, 225, pi. 1. lig. 1, 1857. — "42""".

455

Ailos (Fun gris-olivatrc, lavt'cs dc loiix c\ d'oclniun', iivcc iiiir liuiic iiK'diiine

(•oiiiiiimic, noire, sitiiu'c, ;iiii,nilciisc cf prc'ce'di'c (l"iiii il)ic ii()ir;"itrc, jivcc Ic

hord Icrmiiial plus ()l)sciir el |)r('c('d(' dc hniii I'midii. Sii|i('ii(Mii-cs proloii'-res
i\ Fapex, iiiiirqiiLTS dc Irois graiidcs (aclies blaiiclics costalcs, arroiidics, tres-
ncttes, souveiit suivics on ]H('ci'(U'es d'liii point hlanc; la troisirinc apicalc.
Dcssons d'un blanc Jannalrc, i()rt(Miipnl picotc' dc noir; Ics supcricnics avcc
ddi lignps noires, trcs-conl'nses, ct nnc litnrc Icrminalc cntrc 1 el -2'; Ics
iniciicnrcs avcc d(Mi\ ligncs nii'diancs coiiligucs, ct Ics atonies condenses ea
Itordure.

"Anit'rique sei)tentrionalc. Un 9 en nianvais efat. Coll. Mv.

"Elle resemble un ])eu a une Anipliiddsi/s par son dessin pieoh', uii a
nnc PliigaUa par sa liirine."

Boarmia clirindrid (inen., I'lial, i, 245, 1857. — "I'orl de Famphimia,
inais nil pen plus grainb,' (,')5"""): d'nn blanc-grisfitre, sans Hiiciiiie niianec
jatine, tineincnt saiipoiidiv de noir, avcc un feston Icrniinal bien niarcpie en
noir ct la irange nettenient entrecoupee de la menie couleur. Lcs dcssiiis
sont i\ peu pres les nfiemes que chez Pampinarla, c'est-a-dire une e.xtrabasi-
lairc doublee par une seconde ligne t'cartees par eu liaut, reunie par en bas ;
une coudde dans le meme cas et, de plus, suivie d'un filet d'un brun elair, ct
une subterniinale commune peu marquee;, ombre'e de noir c;i et la, siirtout ii
la cote des premieres ailes et h. Tangle anal des secondes. Celles-ci onl une
fine ligne mediane, semblal)le a la coudee, surmoiitccs d'un trait cellulairc,
puis d'une seconde ligne <pii n'atteint point la cute. Dessous clair. avcc un
trait cellulaire et une ombre subterniinale.

"Californie. Un J. Coll. Bdv."

Boarmia porcelaria Abbot, Guen., Plial., i, 252, 1857. — ".'Jo'"". Ailes d'un
ceudre un peu jaunatre, fbrtemeiit sable de noiratre, avcc les lignes dispo-
sees comme dans la Gitopliur'ia, niais un pen melees dc jaunc d'ocrc. La
tache cellulaire se reduit ici a un simple traitc; arque, cpii, aux ailes supe-
rieures seulement, forme parfois, avcc un arc (\i^ I'ombre incdianc, une; sortc
de taclie ovale, evidee. Dessous d'un gris-ochrace clair, ])eu sal)le, avcc un
trait cellulaire et la ligne mediane dessines en noiratre ct asscz vagucs,
liorinis sur les nervures. Une bande iioin; sur Ic; t'roid. .\ la l)ase des ailes
sui)e'rieures se voit uiu; sorte de vesicule (jui, en dessous, Ibrine une petite
Ibssette arrondie.

456

'■Anu'riquc .■^cpU'iidioiuilc. Trois S . Coll. j\rns. ct J3(lv,
' Cette cspecc raj)itelle aiissi Ics Onophos, inais plutot la Mucidana que
r Ob^cuiala ; flic parail varier, car les tiois individiis que j'ai sous les yeux
.soiil tout asscz diti'ereiits. Peut-r'trc nieme \ a-t-il plusieurs espfeces.

"La flipuillo ii'a aufuuc cuiiiicucc piuprement dite, seulement, le 6''
auueau a le dos reiifiL' et \\\\ petit tubercle lateral en pyramide; enfin, le
11" aniieau porte deux petites poiutes. Ellc est d'liii gris-testace clair, avec
uue ligue lak'rale oiidiilee, noire, au-dessus de hupu'lle le Iniid devient plus
t()nce et est niai"(iu(' (Vun trail noir dans les incisions. 8ur les Irois premiers
anncaux la ligne est remplaece par uu trait isolc. La tete et les [)attes soiit
concoloi'es. Elle vit sur la Poireila pygmaay

A)nj>hhlasi/s s])c rat aria Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus, xxi, 307, 1860. —
''Male. Cinereous, with a sligiit ochraceous or olive tinge Auteunas broadly
pectinated lo the lips. Thorax with a browu band in front. Wings thickly
black-speckled, with two irregular olilique zigzag nearly i)arallel black lines,
the first having along its imier side a difiuse blackish ])au(l; marginal lunules
l)lack. Fore wings liroader than those of yl. rognatiniu and wilh Ihc exterior
liordcr less oblique.

"Length of liie Ijody 7 lines: of the wings 18 lines."
"rt. United States. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq."

Boanuia Ji/ai-id. Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxi, 347, 1860. — ''Male.
Bro\\nisii cinereous, lilack-speckled. Antenna' broadly pectinated, except at
the tips. Abdomen attenuated, extending somewhat beyond the hind wings.
Hind tibia incrassated. Wings ratlier short; exterior line blackish brown,
undulating, parallel to two more exterior diffuse brown bands, of which the
second is limited on Ihe outer side by the zigzag whitish submarginal line;
middle line less dislinct; marginal lunules blackish; discal mark lunulate in
the fore wings, guttular in the hiud wings; under side with the three lines
apparent. Fore wings with a curved blackish brown interior line; a testa-
ceous tinge along Ihe costa, where there are many minute transverse black
lines.

"Length of Ihe Ixxly 8 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

"a. East Florida. Presented by E. Doubleday, Esq."

(This is a valid species and near C. unihrosaria. — A. S. P.)

Cleora Aiwctow Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxi, 486. I860.— "iewirt/f.
Whitish. Body, legs, and wings thickly speckled with brown. Palpi very

457

shorl, PxleiHliiig ii litUi' licyoiui llic lii'ad. Hind Ixjidcis DfHic alidniniiial
st'gnu'iits white. Finr. wings willi live In-own iiiidnlalinij; diil'iisc and inconi-
plelc linos, which are composed of cnnlhicnl s])eckles, and are ahnosi oIjso-
h^le on the under side: tliird and t'oiirth lines iicaiiy contiguous : niaririnal
Hue composed of elongated Mack points; discal mark hhtck, transverse, llind
wings with less distinct marks.

"Length ol" the liodv 4 lines; ol' the wings TJ liijes.

"Canada. In .Mr. I rTrhan's colh'ctiiui."'

Clcora li.»iUaria\\"-A\\i., List Lep. Ilet. i'.r. Mu.s., .\\i, 487, lH(i(); Can. Nat.,
vi, i^O, ISHL — '■^Female. Whitish. Palpi nuistlv black, very short, extending
a little lieyond the head. Fore wings with live dentate undulating hlack lines,
and with tliree hrow-nish cinereous l)ands ; second and third lines less distinct
than the li)urth, which li)rnis two conspicuous angles, and is most strongly
marked hindward; secoiul and third l>ands with cuneil'oini angles on the
exterior side ; third much al)l)reviatcd hindward: maiginal line composed of
pairs of hlack points; discal mark snudl, l)lack, transverse. Hind wings,
with a discal dot and with two indistinct exterior lines.

"Length of the b.ody 4 lines; of tin-, wings 12 lines.

"Canada. In Mr. L)'Url)an's collection."

Cleora dtrisaria Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxi, 4S7, 18G0.— "4/a/c.
Cinereous. Palpi porrect, extending rather far beyond the head, hlackish on
> tlu! outer side; third joint conical, very minute. Fore wings with a hroun
mark l)y tiie liase of the costa, and with live brown lines; first line slightly
undulating; second and third approximate, parallel, undulating; fourth and
fifth approximate and very undulating, parallel, except towards the costa, where
they diverge; marginal points lirown. Hind winjfs with two indistinct
exterior lines.

"Length of the l)ody 4^ lines; of the wings 12 lines.

"Canada. In Mr. D'Urban's collecti(jn."'

Boannia? ejectaria Walk.. List Lep. Hot. Br. i\rus., xxi, 489, I860.—
'^3Iak. Pale brownish, more cinereous l)eneath. Antenuju slightly pectin-
ated. Tibice with blackish bands; hind 1il)ia' incrassated. Wings slightly
and irregularly blackish-speckled, with a blackish slightly undulating middle
line, which is irregularly double toward the interior border; a more indistinct
58 p H

458

iiileiiur line; discal point iiud marginal points lilack ; under side without
lines. Fore \vin<j;s with a subniaroinal lini', wliich is composed of bliK-k dots
in trout, and is obsolete hindwards. Iliud wings with a submarginal line of
black points.

"Length of the budj- 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

"Canada. In Mr. D'Urban's collection."

Boarwia dicisana Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxi, 489, I860.—
^^ Female. Whitish cinereous, thinly luown-speckled. Abdomen blackish at
the base and on the sutures of the segments. Wings ample, with a regular
oblique brown band, which is bordered with black on the inner side, and is
intersected l)y black streaks; marginal dots black; under side without lines.
Fore wings with a basal band, which is much like the middle l)and.

"Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

"Canada. In Mr. D'Urban's collection."

(This is apparently a valid species.)

Subfamily ENNOMINiE Clucnec (emend).

"Euiwmkli Guou. MS." before 1844 ; Diip., Cut., 2Ui, 1844.

Siibtribe Ennomiica Diip., Cat., 210, 1844.

Subfiimilie.s Odopkridi and Epionidi (iu part) Stoph., Cat. Br. Li'p., 164, 180, 1850.

Faiiiilie.s Uraplirijdir. and Ennomidw Gnen., Phal., i, 215, 64, 18.")7.

Walk., List Lep. Het. lir. Mils., xx, 4, 0.5, IflOO.

Body stout, the thorax often hairy, and the abdomen long and slender,
well tufted at the end. Head rather nari'ow in front, esi3ecially in the higher
genera {Drepanodes and Eutrapela), with the scales appressed to the clypens,
or loose and projecting, forming an interpalpal tuft. Palpi rather stout and
large, porrect or ascending, passing beyond the front ; thiid joint small, dis-
tinct, button-shaped or pointed. Male antenna?, as a rule, more heavily [)ectin-
ated than usual, rarely simple, sometimes with short pectinations in the female.
Wings large and usually angular, the anterior pair with the apex falcate, rarely
rectangular ; the outer edge often deeply excavated and scalloped on each side
of the ])rominent angle on the first median venule. Hind wings usually with
a prt)mineiit angle, rarely rounded. Venation : one subcostal cell is nearly
always i)resent; it is either sliort and rhomboidal or long and narrow. The
costal vein almost invariably ana.stomoses with the subcostal. Hind legs with
tile tii)i;c often large, long, and much swollen, .sfunetimes with a pencil of long
thin hairs; tarsi short, one-lui!f to two-tliirds as long as the tibia'. The

459

species ;iro ucarlv alwnvs yellow, or oclircoiis-liiow n, willi disliiicl intra- and
oxtradiscal lines on llic lore \vinf);s. 'J'licv are verv raicU w Idle, as in Metro-
campa and certain speeies of Tetrads and Ei/i^o/tia.

La/Td and j'tipa. — Tlie caterpillars are lar<f(^ and loiijr, oflrn inimickin"'
the twigs of the trees or shrubs on which they feed, sometimes ornamented
with tubercles; the head is sometimes very lar>re, often with large tuljerclcs
on each side, with from two lo four pairs of abdouiinal feet. Chrysalides
large, conical at the tip, of various hues, often protected by a thin cocoon.

The liict that genera so closely allied as Drcpanodes and Kulrapela are
placed sei)arately in the tiunilies "■Ennomidoi^^ and ^'■Uraptc.rydce' l)v M.
Guenee seems to me a proof that the irroiips are arlilicial ones and should be
united.

Synopsis of the Genera.

A. Wings angular ; costa full :

Wings with , a very promiuent UK^diau :ingli> in liotli paiis ; tliat on thi^ liiiul wiugs

mnch roiiudcil ; female autenua; pectiiiatetl Hyperclis.

Like HyjHiclis, but the female anteuna' simple, and the foro wings more deeply exca-
vate! I'lagodis.

Species small, yellow : male antenn;c simple ; wings angular Xcinalocampa.

B. AVings entire ; not angulated :

A slight sinns in hind wings ; four costal brown spots Caiilvstoma.

Hind wings with a deep sinus ; species deep yellow Ingirona.

Like Angtrona, but with no sinus in the hind wings; deep yellow UinxthoyyaiMs.

C Wings very angular ; falcate :

Hind wings rounded ; female antennoe pectinated ; yellow IhttrvJoclia.

Male anlenum pectinated : fore wings suddenly excavated I)elo\v the falcate apex ;

hind wings with a slight angle ; yellow Sici/a.

Like &'ct/o, but male antenna; simple; hind wings with a very prominent angle;

yellow Intepionc.

Fore wings less falcate than in Antepiom; hind wings excavated below the acute

apex Epionc.

D. Wings slightly angular; broad:

Male antenna; well pectinated; wings moderately angular; brown, with a very

broad median band in the middle of the wing AnrK/nga.

Fore wings falcate ; hind wings well angulated ; male antenna; subpliimoso ; jjcarly-

white Mctroramixi.

Like ^e()ocam^«i, but male antenna; more plumose; ochreous or whitish-ochreous. T/itci'na.

Fore wings bent, falcate; hind wings rounded ; male autenme heavily pectinated.. Jjxoa.

Like the lower species of Kndropia ; wings entire; species deep reddisli-browu :

hind wings in part ochrcous ; beneath ochreous Epirranthis.

E. Fore wings usually falcate; front of the head rather narrow:

Fore wings usually falcate, and both wings entire, notched or serrate Emiropki.

Male antennie simple ; wings well scalloped, noctuid-Iike Azelina.

Fore wings falcate ; both wings serrate; hind tibiae not swollen; browuish-ochre-

ous, with violet tints .S'c/oiiu.

460

Head with (liu liairs projecting, forming a frontal tuft ; pnlpi muisuallj- long and
acute; female antenna' pectinated; wings falcate, deeply scalloped ; species
yellow or white Eugouia.

Foro wings broad, not falcate; apex rectangular; outer edge with a slight angle,

sonretimes obsolete Cafccrorfcs.

Fore wings regularly falcate; hind wings well rounded Drepniwaes.

Head short, small : palpi small, scarcely extending beyond the front; wings very

angular and falcate Mctancma.

Palpi rather long; male autenuai usually pectinated; hind wings sborter, with a

more marked angle than in Etdrapela Tclrains.

Male anteunai simple; fore wings falcate ; hind wings with a prominent angle ; the

outer margin of both wings sometimes slightly scalloped Kuirapela.

HYPERETIS Gueuee. Plate 5, fig. 8.

Jjiipenlis Guen., Phal., i, 117, 1857.

I'rohoh Il.-Sch., Ausser, ur. Schm., 63, 18.10-58.

iJilrocamiM H.-Sch. (in part), An.ssereur. Schni., 63, 1850-.58.

BijpereliK Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mns., xx, 144, 1860.

Front broad ; vertex and front coiitimioiisly and thickly scaled. Palpi
much ascending?, l)road, and rather stout ; lip of second joint truncate, sur-
passing the front; third joint minute, obtuse, depressed. Antennae rather
narrowly pectinated to the tip. In the female, the pectinations are half as
loll'-- as in the male. Thorax slender. Fore wings unusually long and
narrow ; costa convex, especially at the base ; apex acute. The angle between
the second and the third median venules much rounded and prominent, much
excavated below tlie apex, and below the angle in the middle of the wing;
more angulated in the female than in the male. Venation as in Plagodis, but
the costal region is wider; the costal and first two subcostal venules are
shorter; the .second median is shorter'; the third subco.^tal divides much
nearer the origin. Hind wings witli the inbn-nal angle not rounded, not
reaching to the tip of the alnlomen ; apex rounded ; middle angle of the outer
edge large and lounded, the outline being very sinuous. Legs long; hind
tibiffi slender; spurs long, and the two pairs of clonal length; hind tarsi
three-fourths as long as the tibia}. Abdomen moderately slender ; tip acute.
Coloration : pale, dusted with ochreous. An outer line, very much angulated
toward the middle angle of outer margin, with internal and subapical dark
patches.

The Iniig, narrow lore wings, acute apex, and rounded, large, middle
angle, antl acutcly-angulated extradiscal line distinguish this genus from
Plagodis, to which it is nearest allied; hut it dilfers in the more acute apex
of the fore wing, (he more sinuous outer edge, tlie angle being much rounded

4(;i

iiiid vet}- conspicuuiis, uliile it is usually nearly ubsolcic in l*h,go(lls. In
coloralioi), also, liu; two gcncM-a (liilrr decidedly, the cxtradiseal line heihi,^
produced into a long ans,de, while in Plagodis there is no anirjc, hnt the line
is straight in its course. The female antenna' are also narrowly pectinated,
where they are simple in P /a god is.

Larva. — "Caterpillars with 10 feet, elongated, eylindrical, peduncidi-
form, without eminences; head lentieidar; living on trees. Chrysalides
ochraceous, coutained in a net between leaves.'' — Gueiiee.

Hyperetis nyssaria Gnenee. Plate 11, figs. 37, 38,39, 40; plate 13, f^g. 42.
Larva and pupa, plate 13, tigs. HI, 19«, 25, 25a.

Gtomvlra ntjssaria Abbot, MS. (Guoiice).

iletroiampa amicaria II. -Sell., Aussereur. Schm., i^li, lii;. :!(il, lt<50-58.

Piobulc alkiinria H.-Scb.. .\iisscrciu-. Schiri., G;i, lij;. lid 1, lN")l)-58.

Hypiretix iii/Kxaria Giieii.!!!. Plial., i, 118, ISaT.

Hfipeniis exsiimaria (Jiieii. !!!, I'lial., i, 118, 1857.

Hijpcrcth amicaria Giieu., Pbal., i, 118, 1857.

Eypcniis i,mnuaria Guci].,Pbal., i, 119,1857.

nijperelis ptrsiniiaria Giieu. !!!, I'hal., i, 119,18.')7.

Hi/pcrctis fiibsinuaria Giieu., Plial., i, 119, 1857,

Hi/pcrelii alicuaria Guon., Pbal., i, I'JO, 1857,

Hiiperdis nijunaria Walk, ! ! !, List Li>ii. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 145, 1860.

Bypercli.f iTsiiiiiaria Walk., List Lep. llet. Br. Mus,, xx, 145, 1800.

HypereUs amicaria Walk., List Lcp. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 145, 18U0.

Hypcrclis iiisitiuaria Walk., List Lcp. Het. Br. iliis., xx, 145, 18G0.

Hypcrcliinumiiniuria Walk., List Lcp. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 14C, ISGO.

Ilyperctis stibsiiniuria Walk. ! I !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mns., xx, 14(i, 18G0.

Hypcrclis alicnaria Walk. ! ! !, List Lep Het. Br. JIus., xx, 14ii, 1860.

Hypcrclis iicpiasaria Walk. ! ! !, List Lep. Het. Br. JIus., xx, 140, I860,

Jzelina iicoiiaria Walk. ! I !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus,, xx, 180, 1860.

12 6 and 3 9. — Pale whitish-ash, with rather thick blackish speckles.
All inner curved li\)e pale brown, dilated on the costa, frecpiently fading out
before reaching the hind edge of the wing; the outer line forms a great
angle in the first median cell, the point near, Ijut at varying distances from,
the outer edge. Beyond the line, the wing is brown, either reddish or und)er
brown, with dark strigae, and a pair of diffuse black sjjots just i)elow the
third median Vennle, one just afjoiit the point of the outer line, and one just
below the costa near the apc.x, the latter having an obliijue, pale, broad streak.
Hind wings like the anterior pair; but the outer line is sinuate, not
deeply angulated, and the edge of the wing is either clear, like the rest of
the wing, or filled with reddish-brown, as on the fore wings. Beneath, as
above, but much more thickly specjiled, with the four discal dots plainer
than above. Veins brown, lines as above (inner line (Ui fore wing wanting).

4()2

Apical portion of the tore wings rcddisli, and liind wings often shaded with
reddish beyond the onter hnc. The fringe varies with tlic color of the
wing, being speckled with brown or reddish, with a hair-line at the base

Length of body, <?, 0.50-0.55, 9,0.45-0.50: of fore wing, ct , OM-O.Qb,
9, 0.55-0.75; expanse of wings, 1. 00-1. '"*0 inches.

Maine, Jnne 16 (Packard); Mount Washington, N. H., July (Morrison);
Essex County, Vt., July (Cassino) ; Amherst, Mass. (Peabody) ; Natick,
Mass., June 27 (Stratton) ; Massachusetts (Sanborn, Bost.Soc. Nat. Hist.) ;
Albany, N. Y. (Meskc and Lintner); New Jersey (Sachs); Philadelphia, Pa.
(Grote); Maryland (Mus. Peak Acad. Sc); West Virginia, April 26 (Mead);
Saint Louis, Mo., October 5 (Riley) ; near Mannnoth Cave, Ky., April 27
(Sanborn, Ky. Geol. Surv.).

This protean form varies greatly in the color of the wings, owing to the
degree of speckling and distance of the point of the outer line from the
edge of the wing, the point being occasionally siiort and obtuse, and then
obsolete, as in var. (iinicaiia H.-Sch.

The distinctness of the submarginal black spots varies, being sometimes
entirely absent, and the outer edge of the himl wings is sometimes pale and
sometimes reddish-l)rown.

In another individual (c?), from Natick, Mass., the angle of the outer
line is very obtuse and short, the point being nearly as far from the edge of
the wing as on the costa, the space beyond being reddish-brown, and with
scarcely any specks ; the wings are less falcate and angulated than usual.
Beneath, the outer edge of the wings has a taint violaceous hue.

Fig. 40 represents the normal, most abundant form of H. ni/ssaria.
Fig. 39 represents var. amicaria H.-Sch. In this form, the outer third of
l)oth pairs of wings is clear l)rick-red or red, with a decided purplish
tinge; the wings within are whitish, as in the normal /itfssaria; the inner
line on the for(^ wings is broad. I have received it from Lawrence, Kans.
(Snow) ami Alabama (Grote). Fig. 37 represents a second snuiU variety, in
which the outer third of Ixjth wings is pale reddish; the lines are distinct,
reddish-brown, and the inner two-thirds of the wings is tinged with reddish.
This form merges into another (closely resemtding Walker's H. nepiam-
ria from Nova Scotia), which nearly agrees with Guenec's description of
H. insinudr'ui, in wliicli the entire surface of the wings is nearly luiiformly
])ale reddish-brown, with tlirce submarginal dark spots, one subapical, one in

4m

flic midilli', and dik' near tlic inner an<rlc of tlic wiiiir; in one siti^cinicn, the
inner two-tiiirds of (lie wina is paler, sonieuliaf wliiti.-h, Ihns a|i|)niiicliing
llic normal eolur of nyxscnia. The tiirei' speeiniens arc I'roni Del roil, Jlich.
(Swartz, Mns. Coiiip. Zofll.), I>re\\ sicr's, N. Y. (Grote), and IVoni Dalhis,
Tex. (Boll).

Walker's nepiasatut (plate 1.'!, fii>-. Ai) is a small individual, \\ith the
middle of the fore willies yellowish and the remainder pinki.sh ; hind wings
yellow, outer third [)inkish.

A fourth variety is represented hy llg.;jS,or\\ hieh the following is a descrip-
tion: 2 9 . — Cinereous, with an ol)sciire lilac tinge. I'alpi stout, long, pornicl,
tipped with l)lack. Head, hody, and wings at hase concolorous. On ihe line
wings.a l)road, zigzag, brow n line, pointed acutely lour times on the nervulcs,
tiie last time on the costa, shaded witiiin on Ihe costa : internal margin
strigated with black more than the re>t of the wing; middle of the wing
clearer than the base; outer line very large, elongated; angle ol)tuse, going
nuieh nearer the outer edge than usual ; ape.x rounded, not acute as usual ;
line fuscous; beyond tiiu ii-color,_ with a lilac tinge; a costal dark streak near
the apex, which is falcate, jjroduced a little more than usual, well excavated
beneath; angle: distinct in the middle, rounded, l)elow well excavated ; discal
dot indistinct on l)()th wings. Hind wings same as the fore wings, deeply
excavated on each side of the mesial, prominent, rounded angle. Beneath,
the body is fnsco-cinereous ; wings ochreous, with fuscous striga-, nuirgin
of Ihe w iug violaceous, except on the fore wing toward the costa, where it
becomes ochreous, and directly on' the costa whitish-cinereous.

Lenglii of the body. 0.40; of fore wiuij;-, O..05 inch.

Katick, August 2 (Stratton) ; Illinois (Clemens).

This variety is easily known iiy the cinereous body, with the outer
margin fawn-colored, which lu'couies violaceous on the under side, and
without the usual dark, violaceous s])ots on Ihe margin near the inner angle;
beneath, more distinctly ochreous than usual; the apex is falcate, as usual,
and the mesial prominence well marked ; the angle of the outer line is also
more produced, and ends in an oi)tuse, rounded point.

This species is so exceedingly variable that no one can be i)lamed fl)r
regarding the more aberrant forms as good species, if they have but a single
specimen; but, with the excellent material 1 have had, 1 have little hesita-
tion in regarding the synonymy given above as approximately correct, and

4()4

that all the North American "species" ut' the genus thus far tleseribetl are
variations of Abbot's nyssaria.

Larva. — Body rather thick ; head narrower than the body, which is green,
with a dorsal interrupted stripe descending on the sides of the thoracic and
terminal abdominal rings. In another larva (tig. 25), of a variety with the
wiiiiis bordered with icd {amicarki), the larva is the same as in the one rep-
resented in hif. 1!>. — (Described from Abbot's MS. drawings.)

A MS. colored drawing by Abbot (copied on plate 13, tigs. 11), 19 a,
jjupa) represeuts the caterpillar as rather thick, but uniformly so, green,
with a violet dorsal stripe, and a similar lateral stripe on the sides at the end
of the l)ody. Its food-plant is Hypericum rosniarimfolium. The pupa is
colored Ijrown.

The larva feeds on the beech, according to Mr. Saunders, who
informs me that it tbrms a rude case by binding two leaves together
with silk. It is an inch long and dark brown, with a row of dull-white dots
on each side. On the posterior part of the ninth segment are two rather
prominent, rounded, black tubercles, with a few streaks of whitish at their
hase anteriorly. The terminal segment is flattened and of a bluisii tint.

DesideratiDH.

Selenia cesioH(i>in\\-A\k., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 182, 1860, — -'Male.
Whitish och.raceous, darker beneath. Palpi extending a little beyond the
head; third joint conical, very minute. Wings thickly blackish-.speckled ;
exterior line In-own, slightly undulating, ditluse on the outer side. Space
between it and the exterior border purplish-tinged; exterior border forming
a much rounded angle. Fore wings rectangular at their tips ; interior line
brown, slightly undulating and angular, ditfuse on the inner side ; discal
lunule blackish ; exterior line forming an extremely deep bend opposite the
angle. Hind wings with a brown discal point; exterior border excavated on
each side of the angle. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 18 lines.
New York."

This is cerlainly a sjiecies of Hyperetis, as I learned by examination of
Walker's type in the British Museum. It was apparently distinct from H.
nyssaria.

l'LA(;(>i)is Hill. II,. I. I'hiif :.. tii-, n.

riiiiioilis lliiliii., Vciz., 'J!M. Ic^-l-.

J^iinomos Tifits. (in jiart ), Scliin. Km., vi (i), H, IfJT.
Kiirifiiuiii Dnp., Lep. Fiaiuc. vii (ivi, lHr>, l-ftjit.
A')<irf(/</)(ris Sti'pli. till pMiO, Ndiiicml. Br. Ins., .1-1, lP'J9.
Ki)miiiiiis Hdisil. (ill i)ar(). (irii. Iiiil,. IW-J, 1-J.li).
JCiiiiitmiic Dnp., C;it., '.'-JU, l-'-I-I,
ll.-S,Ii., iii. -..'>, I.-IT.
flKjimli-. .su-pli., Cut. Hr. I.op.. l.-^l, l-'.M.
I'.iiriimiiii l^cilriiT, \ fill, liiil. ZimiI. I ;(■^. W iin, ITi;. !>.'.:!.
(iiicn.. I'li;il., i, 1 II. |.<.-,T.
Wnlk.. l.i.Nl Lip. II. 1. l!i-. .Mils., w, 17(1. iMln.

llciid imicli ;is in 1 1 ifjx-ir/is. imIIici- wide in tV,inl. l'al|ii louji', rallirr
l)roii<l, Jisc'endiiig, (wtciidcd well in rniiil uT tlic head. .Male antciiiiii' lather
less licavjlv pcct iiiatfd than in lli/j»'ir/is. .simple in Ihr Iriindc. Fore \viii<rs
with liic cd.-^ta t'ull. inncdi as in Jlifprnlis; outer cdi^i' (h'eplv excavated lieluw
tlic ape.x, which is eiliicr acute and much pi-ixhiced or nearlv rcctaiiiruhir;
Ixdow the hirye rouiuh-d an<,de in the uiiihUe, the wiui;- is, as a ride, siuhh'ulv
and very deeply excavated, tlie hollov\- Ix'ing deep and roumh'd or siiallow.
Hind u inirs rouiuh'd at the apex: t he outer edsre t'ull. shiihtl\ siuuoii.v, w it h
no prominent median angh' : the inner anale not reachinu lievmid the tip
ot" the abdomen. Venation: very simihir io Hi/jfi^refi.s; a short, rhomhoichil,
subcostal cell, the free end of the costal vein scarcely shorter than the lir.st
subcostal veuide: the disposition of the discal venules miudi as in Hi/pere/in.

'J'his genus differs from Hijpcrt'tis in the female aiiteniue beiuif simple,
in the deep excavation below the middle of the oiitei- ediic of the l(»re wiiiijs,
and in the want of a d(>ci(led anule in th(_' hind w iiiiis In coloration, it
dillcrs in the extradiscal line beini) straiiiiit. not lieiit. sometimes beiiii^
oi)solete,

Larra. — "Caterpillar-s smooth, ramiform; not tiattened, having the third
ring strongly swollen laterally, especially in repose, and carrying on tiie
8tli a dorsal tubercle: head sipiare, bifid at the summit, tiattened anteriorly;
liviuir on trees, ('hrysalis red, shining, subterranean" — GiiiMiee.

Si/riopsis of the Sjiec/es.

Ocliremis, witli a ptii-plisU tint ; liue.s oi)li(iiio, but not .sinuous 1'. phloijomria.

Lil<e plilogosai-ia, but no inner lino; and outer liuo broad, dill'use, sinuous P.fenidarUi.

Fore winRs witli the notch shallower than in the two precediuj;; outer lineenrvcd inward :

bevoud the wings often dark jiurple .' /*. keiitzinijuria.

Wliitisli, speckled with oebreons; a discal ringlet; median angle of the wing large and

rounded /'. nhoolaria.

Kon^ wings scarcely excavatiMl; median angle well marked; pale straw-yellow: lines

lu'oad, dift'use, purplisb-cclireous /'. arrinnrin.

.5!) P H

4tjt5
Plagodis niLOGOSAUiA Packiud. I'latt- 11, lig. 42.

L'linjiiienc i>hlogosariu Gneii., Phal., i, 14(i, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. ]5r. Mns., xx, 177, IWIO.

(^. Head, 'irolhorax, and iore trocliaiitcr.s bcuealli violaceous. Body

and wiiiiTf; (xdircou.'^, willi a (lull-ij;rL'eiiif;li t'mge: co.sta suld'uscous toward tho
base; an inner oblique line, which is not waved, dark or reddish-brown;
an outer, blackisli-l)rowu, straight line, l)lacker toward tlie inner edge of tli.;
wing; between tiie two lines the wing is clear: outer Hue shaded externally
with o-ray scales: wing toward the internal angle with larger black strigfB
than elsewhere, bnt no spot, with a distinct violaceous tinge; ochreous
toward the apex, as in the middle of the wing ; apex somewhat rounded,
outer edge deeply excavated toward the inner angle; a crescent-shaped s|)ot
on the inner angle, concolorous with the lines; a well-marked discal dot.
Hind wings ochreous, wliitish toward tln^ base and costa, more ochreous on
the hind edge; fi dark outer line, slightly sinuate, Ijecoming obsolete toward
the costa and duplicated toward the internal angle, and edged with violaceous.
Beneath, ochreous; outer edge of the wing and tip of the alKlomen beneath
dull violaceous; co.-ta strigated with dull violaceous; common line dull dark
vit)laceous; apical region ocdireous, toward the internal angle violaceous;
inner edge whitish; hind wings more deeply ochreous, with the border
uniformly pale violaceous.

Length of body, J, 0.44; of fore wing, S, 0.56, 9, 0.56; expanse of
wings, 1.20 imdies.

Natick, Mass., August 5 (Stratton) ; Cambridge, Mass., (Putnam);
Albany, N. Y. (Lintner); Michigan (Cook); "Canada" (Guenee).

Tiie usu;d al)seuce of the discal dot, the few black strigje collected near the
interiuil edge, and the jx'culiar greenisli hue in the middle ot' the fore wings
will distinguish this species from E. fcrvidaria. The antenucTj are well
pectinated, and the head and thorax are violaceous. One female has no
bauds, these being obliterated. It varies in sonu'times having the discal dot
and in the greenish tinge on the wings.

One male specimen is dull ((chreous. with a greenish tinge, the wings
being a little strigated, es})ecially on thf outer edge and on the costal edge.
Head, jialpi, and front of tluu-ax witli a violet lint. Inner brown line curved
on the costa, straighl below; discal dot large and distinct on the fore wing;
outer line a little waved, dark l)rown, ami ending on the costa at a distance

4<)

K

IVdiu the a|ir\ (Miiial lo hall' llic uidih of the wiu^; a ilill'iisi'. Iiinalr, dii.-kv
s|i"t iirar tlic inner anolc. Hind wiiiir.s ycUowisii. as usual, rs|)('ciallv
toward \hv outer edge: a liaii-line ciosses the outer third of the wiufr. witii
a parallel, l)road, dill"use band on the inner an<ile of (he \v\i\'j. Beneath,
hv\ir\\\ yellow-oclireous; iViugr violet; two violet bauds and a diseal spot on the
il)re winir; winus more speckled tiiau ai)ove. Abdomen lieneath violaceous.
and so are the Ici^s externallv. I.eiiiilh of bod\ . (1.3."); ol' foi'e \viu<i,
O.oO iiH-h.

Albany, N. V. (O. Meske).

'I'liis speciof! is liable to be confounded with t'crri<l(iri((, but diilers in
the straight. Hrni. outer line, while Hie innei' line is narrow and distinct.
■'riu! slKi|)e of the winus is ainiosi exactly as in Jfrri<liui<.

Id.

Pl.vgodiis fkrvumria Herrich-SchaeHer. I'late 11, li<i. 40.

Playodc.i firvidarici II. -Sell., .\ii,'i,srrcin-. .ScLiii., (V.',, lij;. 'Jd!!, 1850-58.
Kiirymene emarijataria Guei)., I'lial., i. 115, 1857.

Wallv., Lisi'Lpp. Het. Br. JIiis., xx. 1??. IsiIK.
i'«n/j»(»c rj-i»)T((nV(Morrisiiii, IJiill. Hull'. Soc. Sc, 1S7:{.

1 <i and '1 9. — \J\kv pli/oij::osari(i, \n\\ tlu' notch in the outer edire of the
fore wings is deeper than in that species: ajjcx of the winf^ rectangular, the
outer edge slightly convex below; hind wings vvitli the outer edge a little
more sinuous than in phlogosaria. Fore wings ochreous-ash, of nearly the
same line as in phlogosaria, but usually more strigated ; inner line represented
by a 'lew scattered black scales in some of my specimen.s, wanting in the oiu;
figured. Diseal dot small or very large and touching the extradiscal band,
which is more or less sinuous, making ipiite an angle below the median vein;
beyond the band and below the median vein, the wing is tiiiired with violet.
Fringe concolorous with the wing, but dark in the hollow. Hind wings
tinged with yellow. The extradiscal line indistinct on the costal half of the
wing, with a short, external, parallel, dark line half- way between it and the
outer edge (sometimes wanting); fringe dark below the median angle.
Beneath pale yellow-ochreous, strigated with reddish-ochreous lines and dots ;
the outer line on the fore wings represented by a dilitise violaceous l)and,
while the outer third of the hind wings is violet-|)uiple. Head, thorax,
and abdomen beneath, and ba.sal half ol" c'osta above, tinged with violet.

Length of body, <?, 0.45, 9, 0.48; of fore wings, <t , 0.5.'), 9, (IGO;
expanse of wings. 1.15-l.."i5 inches.

4UH

iiiouUlvii, N. \. (jMoiri.s.iii): N<-v\ -Ifiscy (Siiclis).

This species, so closely allied to I', plihgosarid, diilrrs iVoin thai in the

waul of an i r line, and in tiie outer line hcinii- iiu)r ■ less sinuons. The

specimen fl<ii\red is the type of ^Ir. ^lorrison's cxntrrdiia, and is in a fresher
slate than the others, consequently the strig:v are larger and (Idcdu'r; the onter
line is more sinuous than in th(>'other two; l)ut I cannot see any good reasons
for separating it from Herrich-Schaefler's species, which is well hiruri'd.

l'LA(i()iiis kki-|V.IXi;ari A (irote. I'latc 11, tiii. 44: jilale l.">, fiM. •'"'1.

G J and I 9. — Dull o(direons; head and base of (he cosia and slrrnnni
lilac, (in llir l)asal third (d' the fore wings, a l)rown-o(direous dilhisc liand,
outer edge curved : no discal dot or strigEE (except oi)sfure dilfuse ones on
costa) on the middle of the wing; on the onter third of the wing, a dark-red
l)and curved inward, and edged diifusely within with hrown-ochreous, which
is powdered thickly with grayish scales, especially toward the inner angle.
Outer edge very deeply excavated, lirow^nsh at inTier angle, growing paler
toward the niiddle of tiie wing. Hind w ings clear \ya\v (xdireous on the basal
Iwo-t birds, with a few minute, scattered striga'. with a dark, straight stripe
near the inner angle, w liicli proceeds hut a short distances toward IIk- ndddle
oi' the wing. JJlackisli striga- on a light ground at the inner angle of the
hind wings. Kxternally the wing is lilac, becoming o(direous toward the
costal edge. Legs (xdireous ; alxlomen lilac beneath.

3 <$ : Lenytli ()f the body, 0.45: of h)re winy, (>.(i() : ex]ianse ol' wings
l..^(> inches.

Caiid)ridgi!, Mass, May 2o (Morrison); "Cand)ridge, May 6" (Coll.
Harris, Best. Hoc. Xat. Hist.); Albany, N. Y. (Liutner); Ithaca, X. Y. (Com-
.stock); New York ((irote): Maryland (Mus. Peab. Aeail. 8ci.).

This species is easily known by the want of the usual transverse strigse,
Ix'ing plain oclireons on the niiddle of the wing, without any dise-al dot : outer
cAiH' and base bi-own, and deeply tinged with lilac ami gray. The antenna-
ar(- well peclinaled. Tlie onti-r line is nearer the nuddle of the wing
than usual, and is curved inward, wliih- in other speci(-s it is nearly straight.
IJeneaili yellowish-ocdireous, thickly slrigated with an outer, dilfuse, violaceous
l)and, and outer edge ol' hind w iiiirs violaceous. In the .specimen figured on
plat(- 13 ((ig 51), the out(-r line is situat(-d within the middle of the wing,
and all bf-yond is dark blackisli-purjile on both wing.s.

l'LA(i()l)I.S ALCODI.AKIA I'luklllil. I'hilc 11, liir, ||.

A'lin/iHim i(/i(>(>/(iii(( (Jiicii.. I'lul., i, lit;, Irt'iT.

\V;ilU.. I.isi |.,.|,. 1(,.|. lir Mils.. XX. i:-. isiui.

I J and 4 9. — Hoilv and wiiius wifli a sli<>l)1 oclircinis liiiiic. Vi,\;'
wxuiiswUh tilt- apex ohtusp. sui)rcclaiiuulai-; tlic iiicdiaii aiiirlc laiijc. roinidcd ;
Ihc i'llnv l)cl(i\\ <liis angle regularly and deeply e.xeavaled, not .■suddenly, as in
/'. fen-l(lari(i ; hind wing.'^ Villi f he ouler edge rather nioic sinnous lliaii usual.
Fore wings whilisli. rather thiekly speckled willi oehreons and icddish-oelirr-
(Mis scales, ari-anged in a diHiise, hroad, slightly hut regnlarlv curved, iiasal
line situated on the inner third ol' the wing. A large, reddish-yellow, discal
ringlet. A considcrahle distance heyond is the extradiscal line, which is i)road,
oldi(|ne, slightly sinuous, reddish within, shaded externally with dull lead-
color. The wing is a little cl(>arer heyond this line and within the l)a.sal line.
A dark, deep, rust-red thread-line on the edge of liie wing. Frinije" pale,
(lark in the hollow i)elow the median angle. Hind wings white, with scat-
tered deep-ochreous strigte near the inner angle, with a .straight, dark, rust-
red line, most distinct on the iniu'r edge, and fading out toward the middle
of the wing. Beneath bathed wilh oehreons and densely strigateil, especially
on the liind wings. x\n outer t)eiireoiis line common to both wings. Legs
ochreous.

Length of ixxly, S, 0.53, 9, ().;")(): of fore wings, S' , 0.6;"). 9, 0.65;
e.xpanse of wing.s, 1.1)5 inches.

"Canada" (Guenee); Essex County, Vt. (Cassino); Boston, Mass. (San-
born); Amherst, Mass. (Goodell); Ithaca, N. Y. (Comstock); Xew Jersey
(Saciis); Maryland (Mus. Peal). Acad. So.): "New York and West Canada"
(Walker).

Plagodis sekinakia Packard. Plate 11, tig. 45.

Epione aerinuria Giieu., Plial., i, 'JS, 1H.57.

Walli., List Li?p. Het. Br. Mus., xx, ViO, IHCO.

2 i and 1 9. — Body and wings straw -yellow ; body more ochreous than
the wings. Front of the head with some pinkish .scales in the center, with
ochreous sides; breast pinkish; palpi very stout, thick, deep ochreous; third
joint very acutely conical, passing beyond the front. Antennte rather
stoutly pectinated, oehreons throughout ; wings shaped much as in P. hulzin-
garin ; outer edge; sinuate, not excised below the a|iex, which is square, witli
a broad sinus below the middle, which is not excavated so much as in the f)ther

470

tepefies; miiloriiily pah; ochreous; a t?iiigle outer, broad, rallicr Jill'iise, dark-
ochreous, sinuate hand nearer the margin than usual ; more distinctly marked
at each end on the inner margin and costa than in tin; middle. Fringe con-
colorous with the rest of the wing. Hind wings pale lestaceous-whitish, with
a short, alihreviated, ihscous, geminate line on tlie inner angle, giving rise to
a transverse, nearly siraiglif, ochreous line. Beneath pale straw-yellow; the
lines re-appear beneath.

Length of the body, J, 0.54, 9, 0.50; of fore wing, J, 0.70, 9, 0.75;
exi)anse of wings. 1.50—1.00 inches.

Brunswick, Me., July (Packard); Essex County, Yt. (Cassino) ; New
York (Grote).

This species differs in its larger size, stout, well-pectinated antennte, the
pale ochreous wings, without the usual strigEe and discal dot, the unitbrm
straw'-yellow wings, and the single, dark, ochreous, broad, rather diffuse,
slightly sinuate line ; in the pinkish front and pectus, while the outer edge
of the wing is less sinuate than usual. It is mentioned on page 21 under
the name of Euryutene iinita/ia.

NEMATOCAMPA Guen^^e. Plate 5, tig. 10.

Xi-mtitoi-iiiiqia Gm.'ii., I'hal., i, 1^0, 1S.')7.

Walk., List Lcp. Het. I!r. Mils., xx, 147, 1860.

Head rather narrow in front; palpi long, ascending, extending well in
front of the head ; male antenuce very thick, not pectinated ; in the female,
slender, simple. Fore wings unusually short and broad ; costa fuller than
usual; apex rectangular; outer edge bent in the middle, deei)ly excavated on
each side of the angle in llie female Hind wings rounded at the apex, with
a distinct angle in the middle, reaching as far as the end of the abdomen,
which is slender, ending in a, long tuft. Hind tibi;e much swollen; tarsi a
little less tiian one-half as long as the tibite. Yenation : but five subcostal
venules; no subcostal cell; costal vein anastomosing with the sulx'ostal.
Posterior discal vein very obli((ue ; tlu; first and second median veins nearly
co-originating, not so remote at their origins as in Hyperetis and Plagodis.
('oli)iation : silvery-ocdireous, with numerous brown, irregular, tine lines; the
veins l)ro\\n, and the margin of both wings' more or less suffused with ochre-

ous-l)rown

rhe small size of the single s[)ecies known, its peculiar style ol colora-

471

lidii, Jiiid its lliick l)iil siin|ilr iiialc aiitriiii;r scpanilc this i.'i'iiiis IVniii Jli/iit-
retis, to which it is closely allied in the lonii of the wintry.

Larva — Katlicr thicU, lainiloni. ; head as wide as the body, which is
provided with two pairs of loiiir. curved, dorsal tilaiiieiits arisii)ir from the
middle of the body. Pupa thick, conical.

Nematocampa FILAMICNTARIA Gueuee. Plate 11, iijr. 4G ; larva and pupa,

plate 1:5, (igs. 8, 8rt.

y<m<(l<Htimi)a filamt'nlari<( (!\U'ii., I'lial., i, liO, 1S.'>7.

Microijoiiia nstitaria II. -Sell.. Aii.ssiTonr. 8eLiii.. 11, lij;. ;!(iH, 1 sTjU-.^^.

yematocampa rcsiKtarin Walk., List Lep. Ilc't. ISrit. Mu.s., xx, 1-17, IHGO.

Xi-malovaiiipa Jilamenlaria Pack., tJiiitle to Study of Iii.sects, '320, ]ilato 8, li;;s. 7, 7((,1W)||.

ycmatocampti txpitiirtaria (Jioto, Cau. Nat., iv, 101, iy7'J.

8 (^ iuid 2 9. — Pale ochre, with brown veins and trai)sver.se strigae ; ii
brown inner line, much curved. An outer sinuate line, with ;i supplcmentarv
line just inside, touching the outer line on the subniediau vein and in the
extradiscal space, and forming a large circle, one side of which touches the
outer line. Beyond the line, the liorder of the wing is dull brown, with the
apiciil region clear. Hind wings streaked transversely as on the fore wing,
with the outer third l)iown, ap(>.\ included. Beiieatli much paler; vehis not
colored ; wings speckled and tlie markings the same as above, but fiiint ; outer
edge of hind wings pale yellow, either with or without traces of outer line.

Length of body, <!, 0.28-0.33 ; of fore wing, 9, 0 3.5-0.4.') : expanse of
wings, 1.00 inches.

Montreal, Canada (Lymanj ; Brunswick, Me. (Packard); Albany
(Lintner and Meske) ; Sah;ni, Mass., June 28 (Packard and Sanl)orn).

I am led, from the description, to regard A'. eTjnntclaria as a variety of
this variable species. This is pr(jbably Mocaria iiuihata Wood, Index I"]iito-
mologicus, 166, fig. 748 «, 183.').

Larva. — Body cylindrical; head large, with two unetpml pairs of long,
slender, fleshy tilameuts, situated on the third and fifth abthuninal rings, the
posterior pair shorter than the others, curled at the end and finely tubcr-
culated. Head \^a\^i Vust-red, marbled with a still paler hue. Head full on
each vside of the median line, flattened in front. Half-way between the meta-
thoracic legs and the first pair of filaments are two subacute tubercles, which
are rust-red; when the lour tilaments are uncurled. the\' ;ire as loiiir as trom

472,

the head In iIm' I tiiirrcles. 'VUr aiiierior pair of filaniciits arc pale rust-red
beneath at liase. l)r()\vii al)ove. l)ut tii)peil witli wliite. A distinct dorsal line
(VoMi the prothorax to the second pair of filaments ; a pair of small tulierclcs
next to the last seijinent. 1i])ped with pale rust-red. Body wood-colored
above and bcuealh: Ihoracie rings greenish above, succeeded by pale rust-
red Ix'twcen the tubercles aud iirsi pair of filaments : i)ehind these, variously
uuirkcd with light and dark Inouii. An oval dark spot beiiiud the last pair
ot" tubercles and extending into the anal plate. Anal legs rusty, lined above
with a whitish line. Length, 0.70 inch. It feeds on the strawberry and
currant, in June.

Pu])(i. — Body rather thick, conical, pale horn-brown, slashed and
speckled w ith dark brown. The pupa ajipearrd in Salem, June 17. Length,
0.40 inch.

CAl'LoSTOiALV Lederer. Plate 5, tig. 13.

Thu-diii" Hiibu. (in part), Ver/., 2f*7, ISIS.

EiuiomoH Tieits. (in part), .Suhni. Eur., vi (i), 3, 1827.

/'/li/ofcia Dnp. (in part), Lnp. France, vii (iv), ISt.'i, 182y.

ICiivomvn Boisd. (in part), Gen. Ind., 182, 1840.

Thcrapis H.-Sch. (in part), Scbm. Eur., iii, 41), 1847.

('(iiiliixloiiia Lederer, Verb. B(rt. Zool. Gm. Wien, !"(;, 1853.

(iueu.,Plial.,i, 110,18,^7.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mns., x.\, ISs, IHtiO.

Head moderately broad in front; jjalpi stout, porrect, not ascending,
reaching well beyond the front. Antennse in the male well pectinated.
Fore wings with the costa and apex much as in Aiigerona, but the apex a
little more obtuse: outer edge a little less bent than in Jngerona, not lieing
excavated below the a])ex. Hriid wings lull, not excavated below the apex,
as in Aiigeruna, and with the apex more rounded. Venatit)n : much as in
Angf'rontt, Init there are only live subcostal veins, while the venules are pro-
portionately longer, iuid the sul)costal cell is shorter, while the two discal
venules form a shorter and less curved line. The hind legs are long and
slender, the tibite scarcely swoUeii, and the tarsi long, being much as in
Angerona. In the style uf coloration, while Caulostema is ochreous, it is
much duller than Angerona, and from the four brown costal spots our single
species would be easily mistaken for a speeies of Thaimiortoma, being closely
allied in its ifeuei'al style of coloration aud appearance to 1\ Jhiv'icarhi and
y/ilphnrirrin .

473
('aulosto.ma oc'ciurAKiA P;irk;ii(l.

I'auluKlviiiti ovfuiuiiiiii I'licU., Sixth IJi'p. I'i:il). Acad. Sc, o'J, 1^7 1.

'2 i . — Tills iiitcrcstinif spccit's, llic first ol tlic LnMnis known to iiilialiit
the .Vniriicaii contiiKMit, and tlic second species Iviiown, dilleis l'i(jm C lUtr'i-
airia oi" Europe in the ratlier hi'oader wiiiii;s, Ixilli pairs heinir iniicli less
excavated on the outer ediff. Tlie anfeiiine are inncli

tlie same, and the iiiaikiiiirs similar in th(' two species, f^^v ^ -' -■ ^
Hodv and winys deep lemon-vellow. b'on; Willi's with -^_.

Iliiir nearly e(|iiidistaiit, large, conspicuous, Iti'owii, cosia! ^t --^; i^
spots. I'loni the third arises a broad, diU'iise, simioiis.

Iirown'shade, extending on to the hind wiiiifs, and i()rniiiiir :i slighllv-curved
median hand. Fringe concoloroiis with thi! wings ; apical hall' of lore wings
l)ro\\ 11, checkered slightly with hrown on the hind wings, lieneath spe(;kled
slightly witii brown. Four taint discal s[)ots. Two outer (postal spots only
present; from them arise two taint liands, interrupted by the venules. A
single outer Hue on the liiiid wings alxiut halt-way lietween the discal spot
and tliu outer edge of the wing.

Length of body, i , 0.50; of fore wing, 0.70; ex])anse of wings, 1.50
inches.

Oregon (Harford) ; Colorado Territory (Hidings) ; Denver, Colo.,
June 3 (Mead) ; Dakota Territory (Mus. Conip. Zool.).

The line on the hind wing is less curved in the ()regon s[)ecimen than
in that from Colorado, and the latter is deeper yellow. The occurrence of
this genus on the Pacific slope of the continent is extremely interesting as a
link connecting the insect fauna of Western America with Eastern Europe.

It differs from the European ('. Jiuvaria in having broader wings, both
pairs i)eing much less excavated on the outer edge. TJie antenna^ are much
the same, and the markings similar in the two species. C flavaria is
reported in Staudinger's Catalogue as occurring in Galicia, Hungary, South-
ern and Eastern Turkey, Middle Russia, and Armenia.
60 p u

474
ANGERONA Duponclicl. J'lalc :-, Hg. 15.

Jivnmiwn Treits. (iii part), Scliiii. Kin., vi (i), li, 18'J7.
Angcrona Dup., Lep. Fiauce, vii (iv), IHO, 1829.

H.-Soli., Sclim. Eur., Hi, 63, IMl.

Stepb., Cat. Brit. Lep., 11)7, Ifi'M.

Ledtjier, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wieu, 176, 1853.

GiieD., Phal., i, 114, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mils., xx, 141, 1860.

Head rather broad in front, closely scaled. Palpi slender, porrect; outer
third of second joint surpassing the front ; third joint minute, pointed acutely.
Antennte jiectinated ; in female subsimplc. Thorax rather slender. Fore
wings with the costa straight. Apex obtuse, rectangular, more acute in the
female; outer margin beat slightly in the middle, not angulated ; , l)elow
much rounded; in the female with the apex more produced, acute. Vena-
tion : The subcostal cell is long and nariow ; six subcostal venules, the
two discal venules together forming a deeply-curved line. Hind wings broad;
internal angle rectangular, passing beyond the tip of the abdomen. Apex
acute, especially in the female, outer margin excavated below the apex, two-
toothed, much produced above the middle, convex, not angulated. Legs
rather slender; hind tibise hardly thickened, female as much so nearly as
the male ; spurs thick, obtuse, of moderate length ; tarsi three-fourths as long
as the tibiae Abdomen short and slender, compared with the great expan.se
of the wings. Anal tuft slight. Coloration : yellow ; two costal ochreous
spots. A subinternal, oblicpie, broad band, continued on to the costa of the
hind wings, and re-appearing on the internal margin. Surface dotted with
ochreous specks.

Tliis genus differs from Epione in the more obtuse apex, the slight bend
in the outer edge of the wing, and in the female antennae being subpecti-
nated.

Ldira. — 'I'he body gradually increases in size to the segment bearing
the first ])air of alxloniinal legs; the head is flattened so as to be square above.
Body smootli. Pupa of the usual form.

Angekona crocataria. Plate 11. fig. i)2 ; larva, plate 13, fig. 1).

Phalaita crocataria Fabr., Siippl. 14(i.

Therapis citriiiaria Hiibn., Zutiilgc, fig.s. 4!W, 500, 1825.

Anijcromi crocataria Guen., Phal., i, 18.')7.

Walk., Li.st Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, ISOO.

Pack., Guiile to Study of lusects, :\V.), pi. 8, tig. 5, larva, 5(1, 186'.».

S J and 4 9. — Prighfoclire-yellow. Body coiicolomus with the wings;
antennu' u'ith yi'llnw scales : IVont yellow: pal|»i yellow, spotted with pale

475

hniw II, liUr tiic lc<,fs. Fore wiiiijs spotted with pale brown, and crossed l)v1\vo
liroad, hidken, lii,flit-l)r(i\vii lines: the inner on the inner (|narfer(it' tlie wing
curved and conyisling ol' aliont tliree s])ols, one on the costa, oiw. on the inner
margin, one on the median vein (fh(! middh- one olteu wanting). Outer hue
curved, ol'teii lorked on the lirst median cell, sending a smaller l)rancli straight,
toward the apex; this branch ol'ten ol)solete, and the whole line obsolete in
the middle of" the wing, and sometimes wanting on the costa. The same
line is continued on to t lie hind vviiig; it is usually obsolete in the middle of the
wing. No inner line on the hind wing. Fringe yellow, spotted with brown
at the ends of the venules. Beneath as above.

Length of body, S. 075: of tore wing, c^ , 0.68-0.85, 9,0.95-1.06;
expanse of wings, 2.00-2.20 inches.

Iowa, June 18—20 (Professor Parker); Brunswick, Me., June (Packard);
Massachusetts, (Sanborn and Peab. Acad. Sc); Illinois (Clemens); New
Hampshire (Walker); Detroit, Mich. (Mus. Coinp. Zool.): New Orleans, La.
(Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc); abundant at head of Plum Creek, Colo. (Lieutenant
Carpenter, Hayden's Survey).

A common form, at once known by the bright ochre-yellow wings, its
large size and broadly pectinated male antennae. The wings vary much in the
extent of the spots and bands.

One male specimen from Philadelphia (Ent. Soc.) is almost immaculate,
with unusually l)road hind tibise, also unspotted.

Larva. — The body gradually increases in size to the segment bearing
the first pair of abdominal legs. The head is flattened so as to be square above,
and is whitish-green, with three longitudinal brown lines. The prothoracic
ring is concolorous with the head, from which two brown lines extend, form-
ing an inverted v on the hinder edge. The body is jiale grass-green ai)ove,
with the sides swollen. There are four minute l)lack dots on each segment;
a whitish, indistinct, subdorsal line, and a lateral white line exteiidinu to the
sides of the anal Icl's. It fcseds on the strawberry and currant in June,
entering the piqia state June 12. The moth appears at the beginning of

July.

470
OIMS'I'HOCIKAP'IMS lliibiicv. Platu (i, fig. 5. '

Opititlioyraplin Hiilin., Ver/.., WJU, l-il^.
Eunumus 'J'rcils., Scbm. Em'., vi (i), :!, 1827.
liinnid \tn\t., Lrp. I'i;incc, vii (iv), 117, l.-i-iSI.

Vm\>i\.. (icii. Iml., If^-Z, l.-<40.

I)iiI).,C;it., -JKi, 1H44.

Il.-Sdi., Sclnii. Km-., iii, o4, lf:;47.
Opislliiiiii-nplin tjti'pb , Cat. Di-. Lep., llici, lei50.
Humiii Lc<l<-rfr, Vcrli. Tiot. Ziiol. Gt-s. Wii-ii, 17(i, 185:i.

(iiu'ii.. riijl.. i, 108, 18.".7.

\V:illi., l.i.st Lop. H.'t. Br. Mils., xx, i;i7, 18tW.
Jlcsjirriimia Park., Proc. Bo.st. Soc. Nat. Hist... xvi, 37, 1674.
Pack., I'ildi Rr]i. P.'ab. Acail. Sci., 7'.', 1871.

Head, l)()(ly, uiid palpi as in Siri/ii Male antemue iiiuie heavily pec-
liiiated iSiaii in Sic\i/(/ : in ihe leiuale simple. Fore wings triangular, the costa
.-traiglit : apex snhreclaugiilar, the outer edge long, ol)lique, without any
angle in the outer edge. Hind uing.s large and full: outer edge full and
rounded, uitli a .slight .sinus just liefore the middle of the outer edge; they
reach a little l)cyond the end of the abdomen. Venation : costal vein anas-
tomosing with the snlicostal. Si.x sul)eostal venules, the first very slunl, one-
half as long as tiie second, anil co-originating with the first from a common
branch: the third and fourth oriiiiuatinij; from a common branch: no sul)-
costal cell. 'I'lie independent vein i,s situated rathei' nearer the sixth subcostal
vein than usual; the anterior discal venule being short, while the po.sterior
one is obfujue, but not much curved. Male hind legs much as in Sic_//a; the
tibite are very slightly swollen : the tarsi about one-fourth shorter than the
tibia'. C'oloration: straw-yellow, with no markings except tliiee costal spots,
tile middle one of whicli connects with a very large oval discal spot.

This genus difi'ers from Siri/i/. Antcp'ioHf, and Heterulnchd in the lore winas
lieing entire, not falcate, the outer edge regularly conve.N, )U)\ e.\ca\ated. mid
the hind \\in;j;s riMinded, not angular on theoutei' edge, aiul having a. faint
sinus l)elow ihe apex. It is more closely allied to Aitgcjvjta than any
other .\merican ueuus of this subfiuiiily, beiuii' lilve that gemis in the entire-
lore uinys and in the sinus in the hind vviiiiis. The fore wings are a little
pointed at the apex, and less anaulated in the mitldle of the outer edge. I'he
subcostal venules aie shorter, sent more directly to the costa, and the costal
interspace; narrower. Hind It^gs as in Angcro/ia, the spurs of the same relative
size. The femah; is smallei" than the male, while in Angemna the female
is consideiably lari.'er than the male. .\t first regarding our species as geiieri-

ciillv (lisliiicl fi-nm the MnroiKMii A', cniiifinild. on icconsidcriilidii aflcr the
tirsi cxaniinalinii I sec no hmsoii lor sc|)aialiiiy our spcfics from (lie laltcr.

Ltirni. — '('ali'ipillars raiiiil'oriii. lliickcnr<l postcriorlv. liav'mu-, lirsidcs
the ordinary vcnlral li'ct, two oilier sliorU-r pairs not used: will: laleral lilirous
a|)|)oiidair«'s in llie t()rui ol' rriuo;es on llic two last ]iairs: livini; ou shrul)s.
( 'lir\ sali'les contained in thick, dense cocoons s|iuii on the liranclies." —
(Gueiiee.j

()I'I8'I'II(4;k.\I'| IS sri.i'iii i.-AK'iA Packard. Plate 11. liu. 47.

Ihtpirnmia milphuiiinii I'^hU., I'lltli Ix'ep. Pcali. A<;id. Sc, ill, 1S7.1.
Hixpiiitiiiiii orlintilit I'.icU.. I'lui'. liiKst. Snc. N:it. Hist., xvi, :i7, IdTl.

() J and 4 9. — I'xxly and wings deej> sulphur-yellow: sides of the head
and |)alpi ferruiriiious; antennjc darkochreons: onthe fore wini^s isa I'erruifinous,
incomplete, basal, curved line, lariicst on the costa ; a d i H'nse, sliijlitly siiiuat(!
line passing just outside and partially iiu'losiiiir the very lari.'e. orbicular, brown,
discal ring, irised with yellow: an outer, subniarginal, i)roadly siiniate lino,
more distinct than the inner two, ditluse, dilated on the uervules, and es])e-
{•ially on the costa; within and aloiiir the outer edye are a lew transverse
terruirinous strigje ; Iringe t'erriiginous. Secondaries very pale toward the
Itasp, with ii few strig;i; toward the outer edges; no lines or discal <lot.
Beneath, the wings are clear, with sparse irrorations on the costal and outer
liorder of the winir. iind the discal dot is a round obscure spot, smaller than
al)()ve and centered with yellow : a single we(li>-e-shape<l mark on the outer
t()urth of the costa jnarks the site of the outcM' line. frini^e dark brown as
tar as the inner angle of the fore win<rs, pale or; the secondaries, concolorous
with the rest of the wing.

Lenirth of body, J, 0.48-0.o5, 9. 0.50: of fore wing, ^. 0.()(;-0.72.
9, 0.(52: ex))an.se of winirs. 1.30 inches.

Streaked Mountain, Paris, Me., July 22 (S. 1. Smith, .Mus. Yale College);
Sierra Nevada, Cal., and Nevada (Edwards); Clear Creek CaiTon, near
Golden, Colo., rfuly 3, common among the grape-vines on the banks ot' t'lear
Creek; Maniton, Colo., ,lidy IG (Packard, Ilayden's Survey).

It maybe recognized at once by the unusually large brown rinir, pupiled
with yellow, by the two mesial bands, which approach (^ach other on the
costa and hind edge, aiul bv the brown fringe on the tine \\in<:s l)ecomiug

478

yellow iit (he hind angle and margin. The species varies in (he distinctness
of tli(^ lines anil discal spots.

Without suspecting at the time of describing the Pacilic-coast and
eastern specimens that they Ijelonged to the same species, I did not bring
them together, but on careful comparison I see uo reason tor separating
them. The Calitbrnian specimens (length of tore wing, <?, 0.72 inch) are
a little larger than the ^Taine examples (length of fore wing, O.GG inch).

HETEROLOCHA Lederer. Plate f), fig. 12.

*

Ectcrolovlui Lederer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wien, 176, 1853.
H.-Scli., Siipp. Scbm. Ear., IH.'iO-SS.
Giieu., Phnl., 105. 1857.
W^alk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, l:i5, ISflO.

Male antennas plumose, the pectinations being much longer than in
Sirya: in the female, well pectinated, about one-third shorter than in the
male. Head a little wider and fuller than in Sicijn. Palpi as in iiicya.
Fore wings subfalcate, much as in Sict/a, but slightly less excavated below
the apex, especially in the female. Hind wings much as in Sicya. but rather
fuller and rounder, less angulated. Venation: Init one sul)costar cell ; discal
venules much less oblique, otherwise as in Sicya. Hind legs as in Sicya,
the tibit¥ not being swollen, aiul the tarsi long and stout. Coloration: yellow,
with a scallo^jed outer line, the edge of the wing lieyond brown; but in the
hind wings the out^r margin is not discolored.

Sicya being the better known form, I have made that genus the standard
of comparison with this. In the form of the body and the shape of the
wings, the two genera are closely alike; the chief difference between them
b(!ing that the female antennre are well pectinated in HetcroIoclKi, but in
Sicya they are simple, while the tore wings arc a little less excavated and i\u'.
hind wings less angular in Hcterolocha, the differences being most apparent
in the females.

Hetkrolocha edwardsata Packiird. Plate 11, tig. 48. --_^

J

IhlmiUwha idwardmla Pack., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii,383, 1871.

5 S and () 9. — This very interesting species evidently is an aberrant
Ibrm of this genus of Lederer' .s. The head agrees with that of Atitepione ;
tin; l()rm ol' the wings is a mean iM'tween Ojmthogmptis and Antcpioiie. The
wings seem to bt; more lidcate and the outer edge nuu'e obli(|iu' than in the

47H

other species described; iind in our species, llie usual line on llic hind wings
\s WAUiluiX. i\\)\)V(rM-\\\\iiX Ojn.'<fIiogi(ijj//s in Ihiit res|pccl. 'I'hr nude aii^enn;p
iii'e very i)r()adly pectinated, tiie hianclies siuhh'nly shoitenini,^ on the (uiler
quarter, the tip l)ein<i' (ilit'orni : (he I'enndc antenn.-e are nuxh'rateix' pecti-
nated, tile tip heinij- lililorni. 'idie hind wings are not so produced and
roinuh'd toward the iipex as in ^iiitcpionc, tliough more so tiian in Opistha-
graptis; mesial tooth shghtly marked.

The head is yeUow, with rcihlish-pinlv orbits and palpi. Body
yellow, and winus ot" tiie same color, the hind wings beinu' unmarUed, a
little paler. 'I'he tore wings with a distinct diseal dot and a single, oblicpie,
outer, scalloped line, going ol)liquely from the outer (puirter ol' the unwv edge
to the costa just before the apc.x ; beyond this line, the wing is more or less
stained with brown; the fringe is yellow, slightly stained with dark brown
l)elow the ape.x; the under side of tlu^ wings is sparsely scattered with
minute lirown scales. Beneath are two subapieal lines, forming a v; the
iVinge is i)rown, and the wings more speckled than above; diseal dots larger
than above.

The female dilfers in its much larger siz(% and in the inner line IxMug
present, Ibrming an unusually broad, difl'use, brown band, inlerrupled l)y the
veins and angulated in the median space; the outer edge of the wing reddish-
brown beyond the oblique, scalloped line, the wing becoming more yellowish
on the edge, and the fringe dark brown from tln^ apex to the median angle.
The scalloped line re-appears distinctly beneath ; diseal dot large ; several
other brown tlecks arc; scattered over the middle of the wing.

Length of body, 0.50; of fore wing, (f , 0.70, 9, 0.75; expanse of wings,
l.()0 inches.

California (I'^dwards, Behrens).

Dedicated to Mr. Henry Edwards, who has i)een the tirst to discover
the genus in North America.

SICYA GuentV Plate f), (ig. 14.

Siaja Gueu., I'lial., i, 101, IS.'ST.

Walli., List Lej). Het. Br. JIiis., xx, 13^, 1860.

Male antenna' not very heavily pectinated: entiicly simple in the female.
Front of the head rather narrow, moderately fidl. i'alpi slender, j)orrcct,
extending as far as the front. Fore wings with the costa slightly convex,

4 so

siil)talc;itc : tlic a[)c-.\ siibaciilc, the outer cdyc Ixiiiu (U'c|)ly liulluwed out
b(>low; the ausrle of the outer edge nearer the apex than usual. Hind wings
with a well-prououiired angle in the outer <'(lge; the apex well roumled.
Venation: two subcostal cells, the inner small, rhoinboidal : the subcostal
vcuules very short ; the two diseal venules together t'orniing a deeply-curved
line. Hind tibia:* not thickened: tarsi long and rather stout. Coloration:
yellow; an extradiscal straight line on the i()re wings, beyond which the
wing is discolored on the lower halt with pale flesh-brown: and the entire
outer edge of the hind wings is similarly discolored.

This genns may be known liy the fore wings being suddenly excavated
below the subacute falcate apex, and by the angle in the outer edge i)cing
situated much nearer the apex than usual, as well as by the distinct angle in
the hind wings.

*»^

81CYA MACULARiA Harris. Plate 11, tigs. 50, 51.

Sici/a iiincKlaria H:irris!! !, Agassiz, Lake Superior, 'AOi, ])1. vii, fi};. ^.
.Sic.i/o Inaicataiia Oueu.!!!, Pbal., i, 104, Ifi^u.
iSivya solfalaiia Giieii., Plial., i, 104, 1857.
Skiia subUmuria (Jnen.!!!, Pbal., i, 105, 1857.

.Sici/a tniiiaitiiria Walk. ! ! !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mils., xx, I'Xi, 1860.
«C(;« mlfaturin Walk. ! ! !, List Lep, Het. Br. Mus., xx, 134, lS(iO.
."iictjii riuwuluria Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 134, 18C0.
Sicijn crocearia Pack., Proc^ Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvl, 36, 1874.

1 9 , described from Harris's type, from Lake Superior. — Bright
sul))hnr-yellow. Body yellow. Front of head tinged with orange. Fore
wings sulphur-yellow; costa tawn-colored at l)ase ; inner line composed
of irregular, fawn-colored spots, widest on the hind edge, bent at right angles
on the costa, .straight in its course, and parallel to the outer line, which is
also interrupted l)etweeii the large fawn-brown patch and the apex, there
l)eing l)elo\v the costa two l)r(iwn dots, n^presentiug the line, and a pre-apical,
costal, l)rown spot; below the first median venule, the line, brown and ])aler
within, is waved more than in the normal form, and the tiiwn-colored patch
between the line and the outer edge is rather shorter and broader than usual;
the fringe is white opj)osite the brown portion and yellow above, interrupted
by brown spots; a slight diseal dot, and a few fawn-colored, faint flecks along
the co.sta and in the middle of the wing. Hind wings wilii a large diseal dot;
the outer line terminates op|)()site the diseal dot; beyond it the wing is pale
tiiun-brown, deepening at the internal angle, the patch n(it extending l)eyond

481

opposite the discal dot. JJcncatli, the liind wings arc pale snl|)liur.-y«dlo\v,
like the fore wiugs, and the markings all re-appear, bii( the discal dots and
tlecks are larger and eosJal end of the outer line on the lore wing is waved,
and much more distinct. Legs yellowish, tinged irregularly, and l)andcd
with pal(! lawn-color.

Length of body, 0.50; of I'ore wing, 0.(J5 ; e.\|)anse of wings, LSfj
inches.

The hind wings are more angulated than usual, and tiic fringe of both
wings more decidedly scalloped. Harris says: "The male lias pectinated
antenna3 and a long tongue."

2 <i . — The following description applies to the specimens from the
Eastern States :

Bright sulphur-yellow ; abdomen and hind ^ving paler. Front of the
head yellowish ; orbits atul ])alpi orange. Fore wings bright straw-yellow,
unspotted. Basal third of the costa above and beneath edged with reddish-
brown. An oblique, straight, I)rown, inner line bent at right angles on the
costa. A small, brownish, discal dot, paler on the hind wings. Outer line
oblifjue, nearly parallel with outer edge oi" wing, slightly sinuate, ending a
little before the apex ; dark brown fading out on the outside, and spreading
out triangularly (as if split) on the costa. The space between this line and
the outer edge is pale brown on the hinder three-quarters of the margin, sul-
phur-yellow toward the apex, which is tipped minutely with brown. Fringe
yellowish, whitish opposite the brown portion. Hind wings yellowish-white,
beyond the outer, sinuate, reddish-brown line washed with brown, though
much paler than on the fore wings. Beneath as above ; outer line broader,
crinkled on the co.sta, and with a decidedly reddish-brown edge, though j)aler
than above. Legs broadly banded with pah; l»rown.

Length of body, c?, 0.45 ; of fore wing, 0.62 inch.

Bridport, Vt. (Putnam); White Slountains, early in August (Scudder);
Mount Washington, N. H. (Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc); Albany, N. Y. (Meske).

The following description applies to the Pacilic-coast si)ecimens, of
which one is represented on plate 11, fig. 51 :

Sulphur-yellow; palpi and orbits deep reddish-orange ; thorax sulphur-
yellow, concolorous with tlie primaries : hind wings pale yellow, a little deeper
than the abdomen. Primaries crossed by two light-brown lines, the inner

(often obsolete) oblique, scarcely curved, and bent at right angles on the
01 P H

482

costa: tlie outer runs straight from just beyond the middle of tlie inner edge
of the wing to the costa, on which it forks, ending just before tlie apex;
beyond this hne, the wing is pale fa\vn-l)rown, Ihe apical region clear yellow.
Hind wings with a single, sinuate, reddish or brown line, beyond which the
win<>- is tinsred with reddish, while within (he line it is inclined to be whitish.
Beneath whitish-yellow, the primaries more yellow than the secondaries; the
outer line a broad reddish-orange band, with the wing beyond tinged with the
same color, the apical region yellowish ; a brown or paler curved line on the
hind wings, with a few brow^n flecks beyond, though these are often wanting.
Legs pale, a little darker at the ends of the tibia?, or broadly ringed with dark
brown.

Length of body, <f , 0.45, 9 , 0.35-0.50 ; of. fore wing, <? , 0.55, 9 , 0.47-
0.72; expanse of wings, L50 inches.

Calitbrnia (Edwards and Behrens); Nevada (Edwards).

The inner line is often obsolete, or represented by a few spots ; the outer
varying in depth of color, usually but little darker than the brown portion
beyond. Hind wings sometimes yellowish, with a brown line. A large
female from California, received from Mr. Behrens, ditfers from the others in
having the outer line on the fore wings obsolete between the median vein and
the costa, the lines l)rown, and the hind wings more yellowish and speckled
with brown scales.

Li a single male specimen from California, the costa of the fore wings is
arched, the wings being much broader and fuller, with a distinct, dark, trian-
gular, costo-apical spot, while the base of the costa is reddish, the secondaries
much more rounded, and the line nearer the middle of the wing and distinctly
scalloped, but I judge the three forms to be simple local varieties, as the mark-
ings vary considerably in this genus. The five Nevada individuals are smaller
than the others, and with narrower wings.

Upon a careful comparison of all the specimens from all parts of the
country, I see no reason for not considering that all of Gueneie's and my own
species are variations of a single species, and have, since seeing Guenee's and
Walker's types, been led to this determination. Guenee's S. sol/a (aria is cer-
tainly equivalent to his truncataria. Harris's type of macularia difiers more
than any of the others except one. One White Mountain and a Cali-
fornian specimen arc of the same size, and with markings almost identi-
cal. I do not see any good reason for Guenee's dropping Harris's name macu-

480

laria, and subslidiliiig suh/unaiiu ior it hctausc maculuila lias hf^eu usctl for
a species of '■'■ Ennanirda'''' , so long as il has not been used in the genus.

ANTEPIONK. gen. iwv. Plate ■), lig. IG.

Jyji'uHf (iiMtc, Pioc. Eiit. Soi'. riiila., iii, DO, lri(!l.

Head a little wider in front than in iSici/u, and rather more square Ihan
in Heterolocha ; hairs on the front projecting more than usual. Palpi longer
than in those genera, extending farther than usual beyond llu^ front ; they are
large, stout, ascending, and the tiiird joint large and very distinct. Male
autennte thick, compressed, simple; in the female slender and simple. Fore
wings rather short and broad, the cosia slightly convex; apex falcate, espec-
ially in the female, regularly excavated below the apex, not so suddenly so as
in Sicya ; a well-marked angle in the middle of the outer edge. Hind wings
with an unusually large angle, much more prominent than in Sicya, extending
slightly beyond the end of the al)domen. Venation : costal vein anastomos-
ing with the subcostal ; the first four subcostal venules equal in length ; a
long, narrow, subcostal cell; the discal venules together forming a curved
line. Hind legs with the tibiee swollen; tarsi two-thirds as long as the tibite.
Coloration: deej) yellow, with a large costo-apical brown spot, and the edge
of both wings often brown, sometimes clear.

This genus differs from 8/cya and Heterolocha in the simple antennre,
the well-angulated hind wings, subfalcate fore wings, and swollen hind tiljiir.
It differs from Epione by the simple antennae, the entire hind wings, which
are not excavated in front of the median angle as in Epio/ie, wliile the fore
wings are more falcate.

St/no2'sis of the Species.

Wings deep yellow at base, brown ou the outer half A. deponianata.

Body and wings uniformly light yellow ; a costo-apical spot, and another opposite on the

inner edge of the fore wing 1. suJphurata.

Antepioxe depontanata Packard. Plate 11. lig. 5").

Epiove. (h-pohlanuUt Grotc, rroc. Eut. Soc. Phila., iii, 'JO, pi. -i, lig. 7, <J , 1804.

.'3 <f . — Bod_v and wings yellow; head in IVoiit and tips of the palpi
brown. Fore wings lirigb.t straw-yellow on the basal two-thirds; a basal
brown line curved outward toward the small discal dot, and again lielow the

484

median vein. The extradiscal line runs from the triangular costo-apical spot
to near the middle of the inner edge of the wing, and merges into the brown
margin of the wing. The triangular costo-apical spot is edged with deep
reddish-brown. Hind wings yellow to a little beyond the middle, with a
distinct discal spot; beyond brown, as in the fore wings; beneath bright
yellow, mottled with brown; fore wings brownish on the outer third, but
mottled more or less with yellow, a diffuse extradiscal band being left, and
a submarginal row of dark spots; a similar arrangement on the hind wings,
but less marked, the wing externally being more yellow.

Length of body, <? , 0.53 ; of tore wings, 0.65 ; expanse of wings, 1.35
inches.

Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef) ; West Farms, N. Y. (Angus) ; Glencoe, Nebr.
(Dodge) ; New Jersey (Sachs) ; Maryland (Mus. Comp. Zool.).

This well-marked species differs from the other in the hind wings being
a little less angular, and in the outer third (nearly one-half) of both wings
being brown.

Antepione sulphurata Packard. Plate 11, fig. 56.

Seteroloclia sulpluiraria P.ick., Fifth Rep. Peab. Acjjil. Sc, 79, 1873.

2 9. — Uniformly sulphur-yellow above and below, the outer edge of
the wings not being brown, as usual. Head and palpi brown, rest of the body
sulphur. Legs brown. Fore wings with the basal third of the costa brown
on the extreme edge. Inner line obsolete ; a few minute, pale, reddish-brown
spots indicating its site. Outer band consisting of two brown spots on the
iimer edge of the wing, forming a two-scalloped short band, reaching to the
third median venule, the inner edge being deeper brown; two or three scat-
tered, diffuse spots (or none) connect the band with the subapical, costal,
large, triangular spot, which is either brown, or with paler scales (white and
yellowish) in the center. Minute brown flecks forming an obscure line
(wanting in one specimen) midway between the outer line and the edge of
the wing. Fringe on both wings yellow, with a brownish hair-line at the
base. Hind wings clear, except an obsolete transverse baud indicated by a
double, brown, abbreviated line at the outer third of the inner edge. Beneath
more spotted than above. Outer line with a large patch in the middle of the
wing ; discal dot minute. This species (as also another from the Middle
States, which differs in havimr the outer edye of l)()th winys broadly bordered

485

with l)r()\vii, ])ul witli (lie large triangular costo-apical ii\nA present, thougli
the speeimen (from Clemens's collection) is too imperfect to l)c fartiier charac-
terized) has umisually-angulatcd wings, the hind wing being produced into a
decided tail.

Length of body, 9, 0.55; of fore wing, 9, 0.70; expanse of wings, 1.45
inches.

West Farms, N. Y. (J. Angus) ; Middle States (Ent. Soc.) ; Kansas
(Snow).

EPIONE Duponchel.

Euchlcena Hiibii. (in part), 29;!, 1818.

Ennomos Treits. (iu part), Schiii. Eur., vi (i), 'i, 1827.

Epionc Dup. (in part), Lep. Franco, vii (iv), 211, 1829.

JSiadycpelcs Steph. (in part), Noinencl. Br. Ins., 44, 1829.

Ennomos Boisil., Gtu. Inil., 182, 1840.

Epionc Uup., Cat., 222, 1844.

H.-Sch., Schm. Eiir., iii, 48, 1847.

Lederer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wien, 176, 1853.

Guen., Plial.,i,95,1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., sx, 117, 1860.

Larva. — "Caterpillars ramiform, but without protuberances, with the
4th ring enlarged ; head small and flattened ; living exposed on trees.
Chrysalides moniliform, reddish brown, very lively, contained in a network
of silk between leaves.'' — (Guen^e.)

Epione mollicularia Zeller. Plate 11, fig. 57.

Epionc mollicularia Zeller ! ! !, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wien, 481, 1872.

2 S. — Body deep yellow; head and palpi dull piidvisii. Fore wings
pinkish-brown on the basal third, limited by the inner line, wliicli is much
curved outward, but somewhat angular on the subcostal vein. The middle
of the wing is of a clear deep yellow, with no markings except the faint
discal dot. The extradiscal dark line, which bounds the yellow portion of the
wing, is oblique, slightly sinuous, and nearly parallel witii the outer edge of
the wing. Beyond this line the wang is dull pink, concolorous with the basal
third of the wing. The fringe on both wings is dark pink, concolorous with
the lines. Hind wrings of the same clear deep yellow as the middle of the
fore wings, with a distinct pink discal dot. The dark pink extradiscal line
is slightly curved outward opposite the discal dot, and beyond tiiis the wings
are i)ink. Bencalh much as al)i)ve, 1)m( the lines Jire darker lunl rather

486

lu^iivirr, and (lie yellow poiiioiis arc freckled with l)rowii specks; discid dots
distinct.

Length of hod}-, S, 0.40; of lore wing, <? , 0.55; expanse of wings,
1.15 inches.

Dallas, Tex. (Boll, Mus. Peab. Acad. Sc, Mus. Comp. Zool).

This description is drawn up in part from Professor Zeller's type-speci-
men. It is one of the most delicate and beautiful species of the family, and,
witli i(s lidcate fore wings, excavated hind wings, with their acute apex, the
broad pink margins of the wings, and the deep yellow middle portion, need
not be confounded with our other species of the family. •

ANAGOGA Hiibner. Plate 5, fig. 17.

Anuijngn Hiiliii. (in liait), Verz., 294, 1818.

Jzbicpliora Stopli., Nomeucl. Br. lus., 44, 1H29; " Cat., ii, 120, 1829.'
Xumcriii Dii]). (in part), Lcp. France, viii, 107, 1829.
Anogoge i^teph., Cat. Br. Lep., 177, 1850.
Sumeria Leikrer, Verli. Bot. Zool. Gus. Wieu, 175, 1853.
Guen. (in part), Phal., ii, 134, 1857.

Body rather stout ; abdomen of the male short and stout compared with
those of Selidosema and Lozogramina. Front full and convex. Palpi large
and long, though shorter, ascending and reaching by nearly the length of the
head beyond the front; second joint very long; third short, conical, very
small, depressed. Male antennas heavily pectinated nearly to the tip; in the
female, simple. Fore wings with the costa arched rather more than usual;
the apex acute, a little produced, but hardly subfalcate; outer edge bent more
or less on the first median venule. Hind wings considerably produced
toward the apex, which is rounded, of much the same shape as in Selidosema,
the outer edge not being very full, while the inner angle is well marked.
Its venation differs remarkably from that of Lozogramma and Selidosemam the
presence of a short, broad, rhomboidal, subcostal areole, there being no areole
in Selidosema, and the areole in Lozogramma being very long and narrow.
The discal venules taken together follow a much curved line, much more
regularly bent than in the allied genera named. Hind legs witii the tibiae
long and slender, not swollen ; tarsi nearly as long as the tibiae.

Coloration usually ochreous-gray, dusted with ochrcous-brown, with a
single brown band, and tinged beneath with violet.

This genus has \\\v front, palpi, antenna", venation, and liind legs of
Eiidropid, bul wifh flic shape of the wini^s of SelldiiKciiia and Lozognnnnm,

487

particularly noticeable in those individuals in whicli tlic wings aie not well
angled. These characters are so fundamental thai 1 remove tiie genus from
tiie neighboihood of Locog/amiita to that of Endropia. From this genus
and Antepione, &c., it dilTers in the rounded hind wings, and their want of any
well-marked angle or scaUops. In form, tiiey are not unlike llettrolodta.
The venation is much as in Antepione, but the areole is much shorter, l)eing
regularly riiomboidal, while in Endropia there is no areole. Anugvga has
therefore an interesting combination of the characters of Selidosema, Antepione,
Endropia, and Heteroloclia.

As regards the selection of a generic name, Numeriu must be dropped
for either Hiibner's Anagoga (1818) or Stephen's Azinephora (1829) ; tlie
former should evidently be retained.

Anagoga pulveraria Hiibner. Plate 9, figs. 54, 55.

Phala-xa Gcomeira piilreraria Liun., Syst. Nat., 10th e(l.,521, 17!58.
" Geonutra putieiaria Hiibn., Schni. Eur., tab. 39, Hg. 203."
Fidonia piihrraria Treits.. Scbm. Eur., vi (i), 309, 1827.

Dup., Lep. France, viii (iv), 471, plate 170, figs. 1, 2, 1829.
Jziiirphora puh-traria Steph., Nonieucl. Br. Ins., 44, 1829; " Cat., ii, 12G, 1829."
Numeria pulveraria H.-Scb., Scbm. Eur., iii, 68, 1847.
AuagO(je piilreraria Stepb., Cat. Br. Lep., 177, 1850.
Kumcria pulreraria Letlerer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wieii, 175, 1853.

Gaen., Pbal., ii, 137, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Ilet. Br. Mus., xxiii, 1016, 1861.
2s'umeria occiduaria Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxiii, 1016, 1861.
Jillopia phigifasciala Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxvi, 1508, 1862.
Ellopia californiaria Pack., Proe. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, 384, 1871.

3 c^ and 2 9. — Pale rusty-ash, with a faint lilac tinge, with numerous
brown scales and strigfio. In the middle of the fore wing, a dark-brown l)and,
contrasting with the rest of tlie wing; inner side of the l)and moderately
oblique, the edge being straight, not sinuate. On the outer side, the l)and is
deeply hollowed out below the second median venule, the curve being very
rcsulai-, and toward the costa the band retreats toward the middle of the
wing, so that the band is just as wide on the costa as at the lower portion
ojjposite the excavation. Below the costa, the band sends out three prolonged
teeth on the last subcostal, and the first and second median venules respect-
ively. Beyond, the wing is colored as near the base. Hind wings more
densely speckled than fore; wings, with a short, .straight, l)rown line, starting
from the inner edge near tlie inner angle, and iiuling away Ix'fore reaching tlie
middle i>\' the wing; otherwise, the wing is umiiarked. Beneath, no lines,

488

but tlie wing is ochreous, with a distinct yellowish tinge, and is densely
speckled with brown, uniformly on both wings.

Length of body, ^, 0.45-0 55, 9, 0.45; of fore wing, cf, 0.70-0.72,
9, 0.60-0 70; expanse of wings, 0.95-1.35 inches.

Brunswick, Me., June 25 to July 10, not common (Packard) ; sides of
Mount Washington, N. H., July (Morrison); Natick, Mass., June 29 (Stratton) ;
Albany, N. Y. (Lintner) ; South Carolina (Sachs); Victoria, Vancouver's
Island, July (Crotch, Mus. Comp. Zool.) ; Sanzalito, Cal. (Behrens).

This widely-distributed species may be known by the uniform rust- ash
color, with the broad darker mesial band sending the three attenuated teeth
along the venules, and by the irregular lilac band on the under side of the wing.
It is liable to be confounded, from the thinness of the wings and the style of
coloration, with the species of Therina.

I can find no differences between our specimens from New England,
California, or Europe, that would even indicate climatic varieties. The Cali-
fornian ones do not at all vary from New England examples. In the European,
the band is a little narrower on the inner edge, the sinus being shallower;
but, in the coloration, there is absolutely no difference. In size, the Europeans
are larger than the Eastern American, and like the Califbrnian, the latter
slightly exceeding any of my European examples. Expanse of wings of the
New England specimens, 0.95-1.26; European, 1.2f;-1.30; Vancouver's
Island and Californian, 1.40 inches. These facts confirm what has been
seen in other species, that European and Pacific-coast examples of the same
species are usually larger than New England or Atlantic-coast specimens.

The only important variation observed is a variety figured on plate 9,
fig. 55, from Natick, Mass. It is a male, and smaller than usual, with the
wings opaque, the mesial band confused with the outer, part of the wing,
and narrower than usual, and there is a broad diffuse shade on the hind
wings.

Larva — "Mr. Merryfield has described the general color of the cater-
pillar as purplish-brown, varied with ochreous ; the head is bifid, light ochre-
ous-brown, especially in front; a brown ochreous stripe, lightest at the upper
edge, along the upper part of the side of the fifth segment. On each segment
from the filth (inclusive) backwards, is a pair of very small points, which are
light in front and dark behind, besides smaller points just behind the spira-
cles. A pair of large warts on the back of the ninth segment, a pair much

489

smaller on flic hack of tlic teiilli and Iwelftli, and a pair smaller on llic liack
of the clevenlli segment. The lenfli, eleventh, and Iwellth segments have;
some dark arrow-liead lines (not however qnitc meetin<j in a point) on the
hack margined outwardly with oehreons; sides wrinkled, especiall} in the
lore part of the body; belly purplish-brown, with ochrcous blotches on caeh
side, the claspers underneath being dark bluish-green, and the space between
each pair of claspers yellowish ; sometimes a lighter line dow ii the middle of
the lielly. It feeds on sallow, sjiinning nj) among leaves and moss when full
led." — (Newman's British Moths, 'JO.)

Mr. L. W. Goodell writes me that he tbund the larva on the hazel-iuit
October 4, and that it measured, when fully grown, 0.90 inch in length, and
was of a light-gray color, variegated obscurely with darker gray and a few-
black points. On the back of the eighth ring was a small hump; it became
a pupa October 6, after spinning a thin cocoon within a folded leaf. The
pupa is 0.40 inch long, is light brown, tinged with greenish on the thorax.

In the female from South Carolina, the body and wings are of a dark
fawn-color, with the spots and band much deeper in tone than in the males,
and beneath with a decided pink tinge.

The distribution of this moth in the Old World is thus given by Slaud-
inger: Central and Northern Europe (excluding the polar regions) ; Piedmont ;
Bulgaria; Ural and Atlas Mountains ; and Amur.

Of the otiier American species placed in this genus by M. Guenee, iV.
ohjirmaria belongs to the Ennomince ; N. duaria and N. hamaria are species
of Endropia, as I observed by an examination of the type-specimen through
the kindness of M. Guende.

Desideratum.

Numeria fritillaria Guen. — ",30""". Ailes superieures ;\ coude a peine
senti ; inferieures arrondies; les quatre d'un blanc-fumeux, aspergdes d'une
multitude stries d'un brun de bois, avec des traits terminaux noirs, et nuc
ombre mt^diane commune large, fondue, indccise et traversce par une serie de
points noirs, suivis, aux supe'rieures, de petites places blanches, dont une plus
large entre 2 et 3. Les memes ailes ont, en outre, les traces d'une ombre
extrabasilaire. Dessous Ji pen prfes semblable \ celui de Capreolariar

I had thought this might be Ctconi pukhraria, but it is evidently an

A nagoga.

62 p n

400
METROCAMPA Latreille. Plate 5, fig. 11.

" Campwa Laiii. (in part), Au. saus A'^ert., iii, 109, 8, 1816."

KiulaUmUi Illibn. (in part), Verz., 28G, 1818.

Mrliocampa Latr., Fain. Nat., 477, 1825.

i:ihi)ia Treits. (in part), Sebm. Eur., vi (v), 89, 1827.

Meirocampa Dup. (in part), Lep. France, vii (iv), 122, 1829.

I'lialwna Steph., Noincucl. Br. Ins., 4:!, 1829.

Campcva Steph., 111., iii, 176, 1831.

Metrocampa Boisd. (in part). Gen. Ind., 181, 1840.

Dup. (in part). Cat., 217, 1844.

H.-Sch. (in part), ScUm. Eur., iii, 39, 1847.
Eiodalimia Stepb., Cat. Br. Lep., 168, 1850.
Metrocampa Lederer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wieu, 175, 1853.

Gueu., Pbal., i, 126, 1857.

Walk., List Lop. Hot. Br. Mus., xx, 155, 1860.

Head with the front narrow, square. Labrum long, triangular. Man-
dibles long and slender. Palpi small and slender, narrow, ascending slightly ;
third joint minute, pointed, depressed, slightly surpassing the iront. Antennae
well pectinated, simple in the female. Thora.x moderately stout. Wings
broad, fore wings with the costa convex; apex slightly bordered, slightly sub-
falcate. Outer margin distinctly angulated in the middle, being very slightly
excavated between the bend and the apex. Hind wings broad ; internal
angle subrectangular, even with the tip of the abdomen. Apex much rounded.
Middle angle obtuse, a slight .scallop between this and the apex. Venation:
no subcostal cell ; the first four subcostal venules are long; the independent
vein is situated rather near the sixth subcostal; the posterior discal vein is
very oblique, but not curved as in Ellopia. Legs long, slender; hind tibise
hardly thickened, very long. S[>urs slender; hind tarsi but little more than
half as long as the tibiae. Abdomen long, very slender. Anal tuft rather
long. Coloration : pearly-white, with a greenish tinge ; an inner and outer
straight oblique line margined without with white.

This genus, besides being easily identifiable by the pearly-white color
of the species, differs a good deal from Theiina, to which it is nearly allied
in the venation; while the antennai are scarcely j)lumose, though the shape
of the wings is nearly the same in the two genera.

Larva. — "Caterpillars elongated, convex above, much flattened below,
with lateral filamentous appendages as in Calocala; having three pairs of
abdominal feet, of which the first are slenderer and shorter than the second;
head flattened in front; living on trees. Chrysalides at the surdice of the
earth." — Guende.

Newman stales that the caterpillar of M. iiuirgurildhi "is of a dull olive-

401

green colour, with a darker line down lli<' middle of llu- i);iek, margined on
both sides with a series ol' whitish marks". It i'vnU nn the Itroom, elm, liorn-
l)eam, birch, and oak. It is Ibund in Sei)1end)er, and airain in ^lav, liviu"-
thronurh tlu' winter.

'O'

Mktrocampa pf.rlaria Guent'e. Plate 12, lig. 1.

Melrocampa pcriaia Giikh., Plial., i, I'JH, 18.")".

Walk., List Lep. Ilet. Br. Mils., xx, ir.7, 1860.
itclrocampa rirido-perlaia i'ack., Prof. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, :W, 1S74.

5 <? and 7 9. — Pearly-whitt.^ with a decided greenish tinge. Body,
antenna:', and feel snow-white. Front white ; a transverse reddish line just
below the antennje, but never extending l)elow on to the front. Fore wings
crossed by two broad, ditFuse, white lines, bordered widely within with pale
brown, which fades into the ground-eolor ot" tiie wing; both lines are straight.
Fringe white. Beneath white: the lines iiot reproduced beneath.

It is, contrary to Gnen^e's statement, as large as the Furo])ean marga-
ritacea, but may perhaps often be smaller; but the angle of the hind wings
is no more marked than in the European, but, as he says, the outer line
terminates nearer the apex, and this is the best character to separate our two
American species from the European, while the front of the European is
redder, the front edge of the front being white, and the wings uniformly
greener.

Length of body, 3, 0..f)0-0.60, 9, 0.50; of fore wing, 3, 0.75-0.85, 9,
0.90-1.00; expanse of wings, 1.45-2.00 inches.

Montreal, Canada (Lyman) ; Brunswick, Me. (Packard); Portland, Me.
(Morse); White Mountains, N. H.. July 20-30 (Scudder); N(;w York (Grote);
West Farms, N. Y. (Angus); Philadelphia, Pa. (Ent. Soc).

This species, at once recognized l)y its pearly-white color and greenish
tinge, difi'ers only from the European ?nargantana in the extradiscal line
being bent at right angles on the costa, while in the European species there
is only a slight curve.

Although I originally regarded two Californian examples as distinct from
the eastern perlata, on further comparison with more material (2 i and 5 9)
from Vancouver Island, I can see no differences of importance. Th(> western
ones are a little larger tlian the eastern.

Length of wing of Vancouver's Island specimens, c?, 0.85, 9, 1.00; of
a 3 from New York, 0.75; of a 9 from White Mountains, N. IT, 0.90, and
one from Philadelphia, Pa., 0.95 inch

492
THERINA Hiibner. Plate 6, fig. 1.

Therina liUbn., Voiz., 283, 1818.
jmopia Treits. (in part), Scbm. Eur., vi (i), 89, 1827.
Metrocampa Dup. (in part), Lep. France, vii (iv), 122, 1829.
EUopia Sti ph., Noniencl. Br. Ins., 43, 1829.

Steph., 111., iii, 177, 1831.
Metrocampa Boisd. (iu part;, Gen. Ind., 181,1840.
Dnp. (in part), Cat., 217, 1844.
H.-Sch. (in part), Scbm. Eur., iii, 39, 1847.
EUopia Stepb., Cat. Br. Lep., 1U8, 1850.

Lederer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wien, 175, 1853.

Guen., PUal., i, 129, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mns., xs, 158, I860.

Scales of the vertex rather long ; those of the front short and closely
iipi)ressed. Mandibles and labrum long, the bases much exserted beyond
the front. Palpi very slender, acute, slightly ascending; the third joint,
which is as broad as the second joint, surpasses the front; the first and
second very narrow. Antennae with very lung pectinations; in the female,
simple. Thorax slender. "Wings thin and broad. Fore wings with the
costa convex, especially on the apex. Outer margin bent on the second
median venule, hardly angulated, somewhat excavated between the bend
and the apex; in the female, more excavated and angulated. Hind wings
with the internal angle rectangular, jjassing a little beyond the tip of the
abdomen. Apex much rounded. Middle angle obtuse, more acute in the
female than in the male. Venation: costal region very wide; two subcostal
cells, the inner lozenge-shaped, long and narrow, the outer irregularly oblong ;
the posterior discal venule partly obsolete, much curved on the obsolete
portion. Legs very slender; hind tibise not thickened. Spurs slender;
terminal pair one-third as long as the first pair. Tarsi two-thirds as long as
the tibiae. Male abdomen very slender, with a slight tuft ; female slender,
very obtuse. Coloration : pale ochreous, very thinly scaled, semi-transparent.
An inner and outer line, the outer straight, or angulated inward below the
costa and on the fourth median venule.

While very similar to Metrocampa in the form of the wings, the antennae
are more plumose, and there are two subcostal cells, where there is none in
Metrocampa. The wings of the male are more angular than in the female in
this genus and in Metrocainpa, while the reverse is the case in Sicya^ Hetero-
locha, and Opisthograptls.

Larva. — "Caterpillars cylindrical, without ventral fringes, having ten
comj)letc feet, and l)esid('s an eleventli shorler.or rudimentary pair ; body

49 o

sometimes smoolli, somelimois ornamciiled with small trajxizoidal tubercles
but vvithoiit any other emiiience; head llattened ; living on trees." — (Gucnee.)

Sj/Tiopyis of l/ie Species.

A. Wings well bent, with a distiiiet angle on the hinder pair:

Subncbrooiis, with il;irk lines (•(Ii;cd with ochrcoiis T. fenidaria '

Whitish-ochroous, with two paniUel straight lines t. endropiaria. "7

B. Wings sliglitjy bent ; hind wings rounded :

Dusky; hyaline; veins dark T.Hemimidnriu.

Therina fervidaria Hiibner. Plate 12, figs. 2, 3; larva, plate 13, fig. 34;

pupa, fig. 34 rt.

Therina ferridaria Iliibner, Geyer's Zntr., 8, figs. 499, .'iOO, 18-^5.

EUopia fi-rridaria Gueii., Phal., i, 132, \H'u.

Ellopiu Jiscellaria Guen., Phal., i, 133, 18.")".

EUopia ftaniliaria Guen., Phal., i, 133, 1>«57.

Ellopia fervidaria Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 161, 1800.

EUopia fiseeUaria Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus.,xx, IGl, 1860.

Ellopia scitata Walk. !!!, List Lep. Ilet. Br. Mus., xxvi, I.'JIO, 1862.

12 <f and 2 ?. — Pale ochreous, more so than usual; head and front of
the thorax- and anteunse deep ochreous. Wings densely speckled with smoky
spots (though varying in degree of irroratiou). Wings well angulated, the
angle on the fore wings often acute, on the hind wings forming a slight tail.
Outer line dark brown, bordered externally with ochreous. Inner line
situated either on or a little within the inner third of the wing, a little
curved. Discal dot dark, distinct, sometimes wanting on the hind wings.
Outer line sinuate, or zigzag, varying -greatly, the angle on the first median
venule being slight or very marked on both Avings. On the hind wings, a
single line only. Beneath, much paler; the lines re-appear, but are diffuse
and smoky. Legs: tibiae and tarsi of the two pairs of fore legs brown; hind
legs pale ochreous.

Length of body, c?, 0.60; of fore wing, S, 0.G5-0.85, 9, 0.73; ex-
panse of wiugs, 1.50 inches.

Montreal, Canada (Lyman); Dublin, N. H. (Leonard, Harris Coll.);
Massachusetts (Sanborn and Harris Coll.) ; Amherst (Packard) ; Maine,
common in hard woods late in September and early in October (Packard
and Morse) ; Salem, Mass., October 2 (Cassino) ; New York (Angus and
Grote) ; Albany, N. Y. (Lintner and Meske) ; Philadelphia, Pa. (Ent. Soc.) ;
Victoria, Vancouver's Island, July (Edwards and Crotch, Mus. Coinp. Zool.).

494

In one male received from the Airierican Entomological Society, while
the wings are well angulated, the outer Hue is much straighter than usual,
being but slightly sinuate, as is the line on the hind wings; but otherwise it
does not differ.

This is our most common species, and is at once known by the much
speckled wings and ochreous-bordered, blackish lines. It varies greatly in
the distance apart of tlie two lines, which, in the fore wing, are in some twice
as wide apart as in others.

This species is so variable that I have been able to find varieties corre-
sponding to Hiibner's fervidaria and Guende's fiacellaria. About Guenc^e's
flagitiaria I do not feel so sure ; but while.it is a distinct variety, 1 find forms
oi fervidnria which correspond to it, the lines being dark. Walker's speci-
mens in the British Museum labeled E. fervidaria, Jiscellana, imdjlagitiaria,
are different forms of the same S{)ecies.

Hiibner's figures of T. fervidaria differ from the normal form of the
species, namely, T. fiscellaria, in the male wings being scarcely angulated, in
the outer line m\ the fore wings being bent backward and inward on the costa, as
no other species has it, and he does not represent the lines as showing
through on the under side, as those m fiscellaria do decidedly. Plate 12, fig.
2, represents the ordinary form (^ Guenee's fiscellaria), and fig. 3 the
variety with simply sinuous lines, which is ^vhw&v & fervidaria.

The five males and one female from Vancouver's Island are larger, but
do not differ so much from eastern examples as the latter among themselves.
They are more yellow, with coarser dark speckles, and the lines are more
broadly shaded v/ith yellow. The length of one fore wing is 0.85, while that
of a large eastern example is 0.73 inch. Certain eastern examples from
Salem are colored much as in the Vancouver's Island ones. The examples
from Salem are deeply suffused with dark beyond the extradiscal line, the
shade extending half-way to the edge of the wing, while the inner line is
very diffuse.

Larva. — Body cylindrical, sn)ooth ; head of the same width as the body.
Body yellowish-green above, pale purplish below. Two fine, blackish, lateral
lines, witli a pale line al)ove. Pupa rather slender, whitish, slashed and
si)olted wilh brown. Food-plant, Halesia diptera. — (Described from Abl)ot's
MS. drawing.)

495
Therina KNDRoriAKiA Packard. Plate 12, fiir. fi.

EUnpia pullaria Walk.!!!, List Lcp. Ilet. Br. Mils., .\.\, ICO, IHCO.

Enopia eiidropiaria Groto and Rob.!!!, Ann. Lye. Nut. Hist. N. Y., viii, i)liitc l.'iA, ll';. Id, Ikct.

c? and 9. — Head and thorax, iiicludiiii;- llic aiilciiii;i,' and lr<rs, pah;
ochreoiis, extending to (he costa' of [hv. loiv win^-;, c.'^pocially llic unch'r si.h'.
Wing.s ])ale whitish, with a .slight oohiToiis tint, with indistinct cincivons
speckles, especially marked toward tiie outer edge; fringe concolorous with
the rest of the wings; two parallel lines, the inner a jierfectly straight, pale-
brown hair-line, situated just before the forking of the median vein, and
the outer, narrow, cinereous, slightly oblirpie, but not curved; on the sec-
ondaries, which are concolorous with the fore wings, is a single line, verv
slightly curved in the middle; no discal dot on either win<r; outer ('i\<H>
angulated distinctly; the tail on the hind winofs well developed, but a litth;
less so than in E. Jiagiliaria, and the wings are broader and shorter, while
the anterior pair are not produced so much at the apex, lieneath, the costa
is oclireous, but the rest of the wing is whitish-ochreous; the wings are
very transparent, .so that the lines distinctly appear through.

Length of body, </, 0.55; of fore wing, i, 0.70, 9. 0 75; expanse of
wings, 1.50 inches. ^

Montreal, Canada (Caulfield) ; Massachusetts (Said)orn) ; Brooklyn,
N. Y. (Graef) ; New York (Grote) ; Philadelphia (Grote).

The ochreous head and thorax, including the antenna;, in distinction
from the pale transparent wings, the pale-brown, parallel lines, the inner
perfectly straight and the outer one slightly curved, will separate this species
from its allies. The under side is less strigated than the upjter. One male
specimen dithers in the outer line, being a little curved, and much nearer the
outer edge of 'the wing than usual.

It does not seem to be identical with Ellopia jmltaria of Guenc^e, for lie
describes it as having the hind wings almost completely rounded, while in
our specimens they are as much bent as in Tli. fervidaria. Walker s pulfaria
is this species, according to Mr. Grote {Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 18G8).

Therina seminudaria Packard. Plate 12, figs. 4, 5.

J Ellopia lequaliaria Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mn.s., xs, lti4, Idljd.
EUopia seminiidata Walk. ! ! !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mu.s., .\xvi, 1508, I8&i.
Ellopia siccaria Walk., List Lop. Het. Br. Mns., s.\xv, Snppl. v, 1.5J7, 1866.
Ellopia hibularia Grote and Koh., Ann. Nat. Hist. N. Y.. viii, plate 1.") A, fig. 8, g, 1SG7.
-Ellopia pdlucidaria Grote and Kob.. Ann. Nat. Hist. N. Y., viii, plate 15.\, tig. 9, 9 , 1H67.

^- 3 <? and ,'» 9. — SiiKdvV hvaline ash-coloi-. often whitish; head ochreous.

496

Palpi rather stout, ascending, passing a little beyond tlie front; third joint
rather long, conical. Autennge ochreous, ashen above, with long, delicate,
fine, close-set, black pectinations. Body pale cinereous, with an almost
iniperceptil)le ochreous tinge. Fore wings with a basal, slightly-curved, dark,
diffuse line, which is especially marked on the veins; discal dot distinct, but
diti'use, rather larger than in T. Jhcellaria; an outer, not very oblique, slightly
sinuate, dusky line, sometimes angulated on the first median venule in both
wings; it is thickened on the venules, curving inward a little toward the
base ; the wings are rather thickly flaked with smoky strigse, especially on
the costa and outer edge. Hind wings without any discal dot ; the single
line a little curved, not reaching to the costa; wings very transparent at the
base. Beneath, whitish, very transparent ; the lines faintly apjiear; no discal
dot; costa tinged slightly with ochreous. Hind wings scarcely angulated,
the angle being almost obsolete.

Length of body, i, 0.50; of fore wing, i, 0.70-0.73, 9, 0.75; expanse
of wings, 1.50 inches.

Montreal, Canada (Caulfield) ; Massachusetts (Sanborn) ; Eastham,
Mass. (W. C. Fish) ; Cape Cod, Mass., June IG (Prof Agassiz, Mus. Comp.
Zool.) ; New York (Grote) ; near Mammoth Cave, Ky., April 26 (Sanborn,
Geol. Surv. Ky.).

This is a very variable species, in rubbed examples being unusuall}' pale
transparent ashen, but dusky in fresh specimens. The lines are arranged
much as in IL. Jiscelluria, but where the wings are slightly rubbed they arc
represented by a series of punctures on the venules. The unusually long,
filiform, closely-set pectinations of the antenna;, and the granite-gray wings,
with dusky lines, not tinged with ochreous, will distinguish it from the other
species. It varies greatly, the lines in one female being twice as far apart
as in another, and the outer line in some being almost straight, in others a
little bent. If I had had Mr. Grote's types alone of male E. hibuluria and
female jiellucidaria, I should have regarded them as distinct; but, with the
addition of other specimens of both sexes, I have felt compelled to unite them,
as the species seems to be as variable as in T. Jiscellaria. One Kentucky
female expands only 1.20 inches. It is represented on plate 12, fig. 5; but
the artist has not represented the inner line on the fore wings.

Desiderata.
Elloj/ia piiltaria Guen., Phal., i, 132, 9.— "40™". Ailes d'un jaune-paille

497

sale, av«'c Ics ligiies pen maniia'cs, iiiipactrt-s Ar jaiiiic I'auvrr rl dc i,'ri.s
pair: siqidrieiires avcc I'anHli' dc la 2 ])('u sensible ot Ic Ixinl droit JMsqira
I'apcx. les detix lignes c'caitL'cs j)res(|iic paralleles, la coiidc'c olililcrcc an
soinmct et sans angle scnsil)le. Ailes iiil'eiieiircs pr('s(|uc conipleteinent
arrondies, avec la ligno presque droite on dii nioins a peine anpiee et sans
angle sensil)le. Ailes in(erier.i'es presrpie eonipletenient anundies, avec la
ligne ])rcsque droite on du nioins a peine arquee et sans coiide. Dessons
tout uni, sans aueun dessin ni nuance. 'Pete et collier d'uu jaune-oeinace.

"Ani<3r. Sepfcntrionale en mai dans les prairies et les liois de cliene.
Une 9. Coll. Gn.

"Ciienilu' d'un gris-januatii' sur le dos, d'uu gris-violatre sous Ic ventre
et snr les cotes; ces deux nuaiu'cs traversees par des lignes noires et si'pan'es
par nne handelette laterali; blanche. Tete et pattes cor.colores. I'lllc vit en
avril snr les clienes. I^a chrysalide est d'un blanc-lcstace, avec reiiveloppe
des ailes niarqu(^o de traits noirs dans 1«' sens des ncsrvnres et quaire trainc'tw
lonsitudinales d'atomes iioiratres."

Ellopiaf placearia Gnen., l-*lial., i. 132, 1857. — "36""". Ailes siipc'rieures
ayant un coude trt!S-marqne et tres-angulenx an bout de la 2, d'un ochrace
pale, fortemcnt strie verticalement de gris, avec les deux lignes asscz rap-
procliees: la premiere eoudee snr la costale, la seconde Ibrmanf nn coude
arrondi dans la cellule, puis paralleles jusqu'au bas et laissant entre elles un
espace plus foncd que le fond. Inft^rieures plus claires et ini pen rougeatres,
unies et avec les traces d'nne ligne en dessus, tr^s-striees et avec cette ligne
trfes-distincte et coud^e dans la cellule en dessous. Ces ailes ayant un ])e(it
angle ou dent pen saillante au Itout de la 2. Palpes plus lonirs et |)lus lierisses
que chez les autres El/opia et depassant notablement la lete. Calit<)rnie. Un
<? . Coll. Gu. EUe difi'fere un pen des autres Ellopia et n'apjiartient peut-
etre pas ti ce genre."

El/op/a panisaria Walk . List, xx, 1(J3. One of the specimens in the
British Museum is a true E. pultaria Walk., and the other is Endropia later'i-
tiaria Walk. II! [^Nianeria duaria Guen.III].

Ellopiaf amyrisaria Walk., List, xx, 164, is a Caberodes^ and too much
rubbed for identification or description

Ellopia myandaria Walk., List, xx, 164, from Mexico, is a Cabcrodes.

Ellopia aniusaria Walk., List, xxvi, \h01. is evidently Eufilchin ribearia.

408

EUopia plapfasciata AValk., Li.st, xxvi, 1508, is evidently- Anagoga jnd-
veraria.

EUopia bnsiaria Walk., List, xxvi, 1508, is Gueneria basiata!.

Ell(jpia auhprivala Walk., List, xxvi, 1509. This is a imicli-riibbed Epione
sinnnria, as labeled h\ Walker.

Ellopia inroloraiia Walk., List, xxvi, 1509. Tins species is Gueneria
basiata !.

Ellopia ikplanaria Walk., List, xxvi, 1510. This is an Endropia; prob-
ably E. amcenariu or near it.

Ellopia scitala Walk., List, xxvi, 1510. This is-iiot a Therina.

EPIRRANTHIS Hiibner.

Epirrunlhh Hiibn., Sclini. Exot., ii, 1800; (in iKirt), Verz., '29G, 1818.
Numcria Gneii. (iu part), Pha!., ii, 134, 1857.

Walk, (in part), List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xsiii, 1015, 1861.

Body very stout and thick, the thorax hairy, and the abdomen rather
short. Head l>road, squarish in i'ront. Palpi broad and stout, ascending a
little, extending well in front ; third joint long and slender. Mo,le antennte
heavily pectinated to the end ; simple in the female. Wings short and broad ;
anterior pair not subtalcate; costa more convex than in Endropia; apex
pointed, subrectangular ; outer edge tull, convex, with a slight bend in the
middle, scarcely more distinct in the female than in the male. Hind wings
full, with a slight bend in the middle, extending slightly l)ey(nid the end of
the abdomen. Venation : nnicli as in the lower species of Endrojtia (E. hypo-
cliraria), the costal vein free; the first and second subcostal venules very
long, ('(jual in length; the fifth subcostal arises nearer the origin of the sixth
than ill Endropia. Di.scal venules much as in Endropia. Hind legs with the
tibiae not swollen; the tarsi rather long and thick, much as in Endropia.
Coloiation : de(!p reddish-brown ; hind wings and under surface of both wings
bathed with bright ochreous.

The single species 'of this genus is quite unlike Numeria, and is closely
allied in all its structural features with the lower, simpler species o^ Endropia,
from which it (litr<!rs in the slight characters indicated above, chiefly in the
more convex costa, the more acute palpi, and the shorter wings, as well as
the quite diflTerent style of coloration.

499

Epirriiantis ohfirmaria lliilmcr. rialc 12, lig. 7.

KpirrhaniU obfirmaria Hiibu., Schiii. Kxot., ii, 1806. ..^ ( '

Numcriii obfirmaria Gneii., Plial., ii, i;i5, 1857.

Walk.. List Lop. llet. Hr. Miis., xxiii, 1017, IHf.L

AiiteiuiH' hrowii. IJody uiid w iiii^s dull rcddi.sli-ljiown ; liiiid wiiig.s
at base and both wings beneath icddish-ochreons. Head and tiiorax Ix-ow n ;
alxlonicn l)ec()iiiii)g ochri'ous at the ti[). l'\)n' wiiig.s uiiil()rndy didl laist-icd
l)i(i\vii, cxcejjta broad, nu-siai, dull, ochreous .shade, which i.s .sliglilly ohlicjiic bnl
straight on tlic outer side and regidarly curv(>d w ithin, and a I hiid or a hall'w ider
on the eosta than tlie inner edge; tliis sluule speckled with l)rown and brown on
the eo-sta. Hind wings deep ochreous at base; just beyond tiie large, distinct,
discal dot, several limes larger than on the fore wings, is a single;, dark-itrown,
sinuate line, beyond whi<di the wing is brown, l)ut toward the ape.\ dull ochre-
ous. Fringe iirown. IJencatli, t\vx'\) rcddish-ochreous, densely ami coarsely
speckled, with a coninion didl-brown line, ditl'usc and dilated in the middle
on the hind wings. The female is much larger, the mesial shade; much fainter,
being nearly as l)rown as tlie rest of the wing, while the two lines bounding
it are clearer, being brown, edged narrowly with deep ochreous. More coarsely
speckled beneath. than in the male.

Length of body, i, 0.50, 9, 0.45; of fore wing, <?, 0.67, ?, 0.65-0.75;
expanse of wings, 1.30—1.60 inches.

Maine, June, frequent in pine-woods (Packard); Massachusetts (San-
born); Albany, N. Y. (Lintner, "May 21", and Meske); Philadelphia, Pa.
(Ent. Soc. and Glrote).

ENDROPIA Guenc'e. Plate (,', tigs. 6, 10, l;i, 14. ♦

Eiinomoa Treits. (in pait). Schin. Eur., vi (i), :i, is-.i7.

Boisd. (in part), Gen. lud., 18-.J, 1840.
Epione (in part) and ifetrocampa (in part), H.-.Scb., Kxot. Solim., 1850-i>8.
Prioci/cla Giien., Phal., i, 90, 1857.
Eiidropia Guen., Phal., i, I'ii, 1857.

W^alk., List Lep. Hot. Br. Mns., xx, 148, 1800.

Head nearly srpiare in front, being rather narrow. Palpi rather large,
either porrect or slightly ascending, and reaching liirlher than usual beyond
the front ; the three joints very distinct, the third two-thirds as long as the
second is broad. Male antennce heavily pectinated: in the female, simple.
Thorax tliick and hairy. Fore wings moderately broad and usually fidcate ;
the costal edsje either straight or a little curved ; outer ediie either bent once,

500

or angular and sli<r|itly or deeply serrate. Hind wings extending as far as llie
tip of the abdomen, full and large, either scarcely l)ent, and with a slight sinns,
or distinctly angulated, with a single deep sinns, or regularly and deeply den-
tate. Venation: costal vein either free (//y;wc///v//7'</) or anastomosing with
the sul)Costal {bilineana and .smafaria). No sul)Costal cell, or else a cell is
nearly completed l)y the close approximation of the second sul)costal venule
to the main vein. In hijpochraria, the first and second subcostal venules of
the same length ; in the other species, the second is very long. The posterior
discal venule is more or less oblique. Hind legs with the tibire much swollen ;
the tarsi from three-tonrths to one-half as long as the tibia?. Abdomen rather
lona and slender, well tufted. Coloration: different shades of ochreons-
brown, with the extradiscal line common to l)oth wings, and often split asun-
der in the middle of the wing, inclosing a lanceolate oval area: usually with a
white or dark oblique apical spot or streak.

The species of this large and variable genus may usually be distinguished
l>y the talcate and often deeply serrate wings, the large i)alpi, and the
thick, swollen, hind tibiae. Where the wings are not serrated, they have a
large angle in the middle of the outer edge, often preceded by a deep sinus.
The females have more deeply serrate and broader wings than the males.

Si/nopsis of (he Species.

A. Wings short, not falcate, entire : body hairy :

Ash-reddisb-brown above ; coimnou extradiscal line sinuous ; beneath reddish-

ocbitons ^- pilosaria.

B. Wings subfalcate ; hind wings sinuous, but not notched :

Paler ash tlian usual ; coiumou extradiscal line nearly straight ; beneath washed

with ochreons E. apiciarin.

Rust-brown ; <'Xtr.adiscal line reddish, very sinuous, but not angular E. dtiaria.

A«h-brown, witti a violet tinge ; extradiscal line bent at right angles A', hmwchrniin.

C Fore wings more talcate than before; hind wings notched near
the ajjex :

A large species, |)ale ash-brown ; a snbmarginal row of light irregular spots; outer

half of both wings darker than the inner E. marginata.

Uniform fawn-bi own, with reddish lines and fringe ; no teeth near the apex of the

bind wings; extradiscal lines straight ; an apical light patch E.rivuhiiturhi.

Hind wings tailed ; not d<Mitat(; or sinuous as usual; reddish-brown and subochre-

ons ; mottled irregularly ; extradiscal line sinuous -K. texlyinaiia.

In form like vinideiitaria, but toothed near the apex ; wings whitish within, fawn-
brown on the outer 1 wo-thir<ls ; a snbapical light patch -K. madiisaria.

Deep ocbreous ; margin of the wings reddish-brown ; hind wings with a deep angu-
lar notch ; a snbapical light patch, with an olilique row of smaller spots. ..£. amwmria.

501

J). Willi's deeply senale, hul tlic .«<|»ecies liillier siiuill :

A .small siiicifs ; winss deeply senatu ; ;i heavy, coiiinioi), oxlradiseal band £. armalaria.

l.iki' itrmiitdiiii. but laru'iT ; clear lawn ii>ddisli-l>io\vn. willi narrow brown lines. .E. hiliiienria.

K. FoH' wiiicr.s liileale; liiiid wii.iirs ill pari or w iioUv seiralc :

Pale oelireoiiH. with l)n)Wii Hues; i^xtradiscal linednnble in J , .strai;;hl and single

in 9 ; three snl)ai>ieal teeth in the hind winj;s /•;. pcctinaria.

Ivike pcctiiiaria, bnt with larger teeth ; the wings more serrated than in any other
species; dark ash-ochreons-brown, with the extradiscal line wavy ; the outer
half of the wings darker than the inner E. effeclaria.

Much like Hcnataria ; the wings as nincli notched, but the wi[igs am ochreous-
pearl-browu, not yellow, and the dark portiou.s contrast less with the paler
than in scnalariii /•;. ohhtxnria.

Bright yellow, with a heavy inner line common to both wings; the extradiscal
line continuous with the dark-brown border of the wings, which are serrated
<l<;cply Ji. .tnralanu.

Endkopi.'V pilos.\ri.\, Ay;, nor. Plate 12, ti<f. S.

1 (f . — Jiody sttjiit; aiitemiii' well jtectiiiateil ; tliofii.x very stout, unusually
pilose; head stout; pal])! large, purrect, extending liir beytjiid the liead ;
wings short and broad; edges entire; fore wings square at tip, not fitlcate ;
head and prothorax ferruginous; antennte pale cinereous; pectinations darker;
wings uniformly brown, with minute ferruginous scales and a very indistinct
olivaceous tinge; niucli paler cinereous beyond the outer line; an inner,
curv(?d, diffuse, veiy indistinct line; no discal dot; base of the eosta ferriig-
inons: uniformly brown from the i)ase of the wing to the outer line, whicii
is nearly straight compared with the other species; it is bent slightly just
below the middle of the wing, thence going straight to the costa : it is lined
with black scales, and edged externally with a white band. The wing beyond
is much paler gray, with black scales, and a slight, almost imperceptible, oliva-
ceous tinge; edge entire, rectangular at tip; fringe concolorous with the
margin. Hind wings concolorous with the fore wings; discal dot lihick, dis-
tinct. Beneath, unusually bright rust-red : discal dot small, but distinct :
the common line pale gray, broad and diffuse on the outer edge, within lim-
ited by l)lack scales; fringe dull, a little darker than the rest of the wing;
inner edge of fringe pale gray.

Length of the body, 6. 0.52; of tore wing, c?, 0.60; expanse of wings,
1.20 inches.

This sj^ecies may be recognized by the stout, thick, woolly thorax, with
short broad wings and rectangular tips, while the outer edge is entire, and the
wings beneath are brighter than usual, by the pale margin altove, and the
uniform darker basal two-thirds of the wint(. the outer line being nearly

502

!s(r;iii,'iil. Ix'sides liciiig the sniallest species known. It luiglit l»e at first sight
se|iar;tt<'(l from Kndropiii, l)ii1 the ahenant clianifters are too slight, though
it I'oi'iiis a (iistiiict seclioii (it llif <i'(Miiis.

Endropia apiciakia, sp. ti(iL\ Phite 12, fig. 1).

2 i and 2 9 . — The wings of this s]iecies are more aiignlar and tiie hind
wings more dentate than in E. duaria, but less so than in E. hypochrnrin. On
the hind wings, the sinus is deep hut simple, not iiaving tin^ small tooth pres-
ent in lijijioclirariii. The general color is whitish-ash, much lighter than in
the allied species. Head and antcnnte reddish. Wings whitish-ash, with
reddish-brown scales on the costa near the head. Fore wings with two dark-
brown lin(>s, the inner ])ent and curved as in lit/jiochrar'ta, while the outer line
is straight in the male, not sinuous, being still straighter than in pilosaria.
In the i'eniale, the line is flexuous on both wings. Accompanying and beyond
the line is a broken, broad, difTuse band, often obsolete, in one male entirely
so. An ol)S()lete, dark, apical line (absent in one male). Distinct black
discal dots on both wings. Ilind wings \vith a single dark line, fading out
toward thi; discal t\u\. Beneath, the common line is more conspicuous than
above, washed with orange, as is the under side of the wings generally, while
just beyond the line on the outer third of the wing is a leaden |)atcii. Th(!
discal dots are smaller than aliove.

Lengtli of body, <^ , 0.65, 9, 0 Go ; ol fore wing, i, 0.75, c^, 0.(J8 ;
expanse of wings, 1.40 inciics.

Ih-unswick, Ale., June and July, in company with Injpochraria ; Salem,
Maj^s., June 2o (Packard): WyAii Park, near Boston, Mass., June 15 (Morri-
son); Albany, N. Y., June 7 (Meske).

This species need not be confounded with any other, as the outer line
common to both wings is straight in the male and slightly sinuous in the
iinnale, much less so than in E. duaria. It is also whitish-ash, and washed
with orange l)eneath more than in the otiier species.

Endropia duaria Packard. Plate 12, fig. 10.

Xiiiiicria ihiarUi Giiini.!!!, Plial., i, VX>, \H^u.

yiimirhi hmnariu Cliii'ii.!!!, IMial., i, ll5(i, 1857.

Kiidrophi laltriliaria WalU.!!! (uot Gueu.), List Lcp. Hot. Br. Mus., xx, 151, 18(i0.

Endropia Immnrarin Grotti and Rob., Trans. Auier. Ent. Soc, ii, HO, 1808.

4 S and ?> 9. — IIea<l large; front ferruginous between the antennae,
the palpi very large and stout, porrect, extending fat beyond the head ; anten-

503

nil' well |»('ctiniilril. I'ody and winiis aslicii-ferniifiiioiis (someliiiics tlcc|»
rust-brown). Wiiiijs speckled with Idack ; an inner cnrvrd dark line with
two I()b(>s on tlie median space, ediicd e\1ernall\ willi rerru^inous. l)iseal
dot distinct: onter line ol)li(pie, scarcely an<rnlaled, sometimes waved, den-
tate (especially in the middle of the wini>), sha<led broadly within and (jnite
regularly with rnst-red. In one female, the space between tiie two lines
is deeper iirowii than elsewlieri;. ()n the onter side, on the second median
cell, is a round black spot. An apical, rather looir, black line, terminatiny;
directly on the aj)ex ; above a little paler ashen. Onter edfje of the wing
below clear; fringe very slightly darker. Tlind winiis colored much as the
t()rc wings, paler toward the base, darker beyond the line, which is more
distinct on the hind edge Beneath, more uniformly ferruginous, especially
on the outer third of the wing. 1'he common line; reaj)pears, broad, indis-
tinct, subviolaceous. Body and legs more ferruginous beneath than above.
In rubbed specimens, the lines are interrupted.

Length of bod}', t? , 0.55-0.62; of fore wing, c? , 0.65-0.7'!; expanse of
wings, 1.50-J.60 inches.

Montreal, Canada (Caulfield); Brunswick, Me., June, common (Packard);
Boston and vicinity (Morse, Sanborn, Smith, Shurtletf, May 2S) ; Albany. X.
Y., June 4 (Lintner and Meske); Phila. Ent. Soc; T\acine, Wis. (Hoy, I'iley
Coll.) ; West Virginia (Lintner).

This form differs from E. liijpochrarid in its simple hind wings which have
l)ut a single slight excavation below the a|)ex, and in the outer line l)eiiig oblicpie,
sinuate, and not rectangular. From E. apkiaria it <litlers in the apex being
rectangular; the lines are waved, edged within with ferruginous. The single
dark spot on the middle, jnst outside the outer line, will separate it also.
Beneath, it is darker and more reddish than in any of the other spe(;ies.

Like the other species mentioned above, this species belongs to the sec-
ond and lowest section of the genus, having the apex rectangular. When
faded, the reddish scales disappear as in hi/pochraria, and it has a i)ale-
ash hue. In some individuals, there are two ditl'use, indistinct, broad, plumbe-
ous lines on the fore wings. Head and prothorax and costa of wings at l)ase
rufous; wings usuall}- much brighter rut()us than usual, and without any
apical oblique streaks; an unusually broad, dilfuse, very indistinct, basal linc!,
but slightly curved, with leaden-colored scales; between the l)asal and the
outer line, the wing is clear rull)us; no discal dots: the outer, l)roa(l, diiluse

504

line is l)r()a(lly iuigiilated on (lie luidillL- of the wing. Fringe concolorons with
the lines. Hind wings coneolomiis with (he fore wings, paler toward the
base. Discal dots rather large, distinct Beneath, the wing is oclireoiis,
thicUl}- sprinkled with dull violet or tawny strigte ; a common, difliise, broad
line, especially on the hind wings. Antennte gray; branches reddish.

Lenglli of body, 0.58; of fore wing, 0.64 inch.

The bright ferruginous hues, and leaden, subviolaceous, diffuse lines,
the inner of which is slightly curved, and the outer nearly rectangular at the
middle of the wing, the want of tlie usual apical streak, and the sinuate line
on the hind wings, with its small size, slender l)ody, and entire wings, readily
.separate it Ironi any other species, though its nearest ally is E. hyiwchraria.
Of my three males, no two are alike. One nude, from West Virginia (Lint-
ner), is dull tawny-brown, densely speckled with two broad plumbeous shades
on the fore wings and one on the hind wings; beneath, the shades are very
di.stinct, and the wings are dull ochreous; veins dull ochreous ; head and
front ot" thorax dull ochreous.

Endropia hypochkakia Jlerrich-Schaeffer Plate 12, fig. 12.

lijiiotw (En(h(ij)ia) li iiinich raria }I.-.Sfli., Au.sserciir. Sobui., ti3, tigs. '2117, "208, 1850-.58.

Kndropia lii/jWi-lircii-iaV.l, Giieii., Pbal., i, 12.'), lHo7.

Kiulropia rifracHiria Giieii. I ! !, PUal., i, 12.5, 1S57.

Endropia htleyilioria Gnen., Plial., i, 1"2.">, 1H,')7.

Endnqna liiijioclimna Walk. ! !!, List Li'p. Hct. 111-. Mils., xx, 100, IbOO.

Eiiilropia nfravlaria Walk. ! ! !, List Lep. Het. lii-. Mils., xx, 151, IHliO.

Endmjna imnliixnla Walk. 1 1 !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mils., xx, 154, 18G0.

20 S and 14 9, — Palpi very long and slender at the tip. Wings very
short and broad, not toothed, except having a sinus between the apex and
the middle angle of the hind wings, being much more entire than in any
of the preceding species. The female is much more lixlcate and angulated
than tlie male. Body and wings ])ale brown or ashen, mottled with dark;
wings with ferruginous niottlings, and often a distinct violet hue along the
lines and on the fringe; the tip of the al)domcn projects but a little beyond
the hind wings. Fore wings with a ])asal line mucii curved in front of the
median vein ; behind it sinuate, shaded beyond with rusty-brown, with some-
times a faint olivaceous tinge, and with a violet hue along the in.side ; outer
line nearly straight in its general course, angulated on the first median vein,
the anyle very large and going straight from the apex to the costa, shaded
bi'oadU' within with lirown, e\t<'rnall\ with a tJnnt violet tinge; this line is

505

common to bolli \viiii>s. and is Ijioadlv aiiguliitrd on I lie liiiid winirs; just
l)c;.()nd, nearer tlie line than the edge ol' tlie wing, is a Taint lununisli siiaile,
consist iiii^ at times of lonir Innnles interrnpted \)\ tlie veins; this sliade is
coniniiin lo Ijotli w in^s (and is sometimes obsolete) : discal dots ralhci- lai'i.'e,
dark lirowii : liin^r rather pale w heic the outer lioidei' is pale, and will: a
violet hue or darker iirown, and (die(d\ercd opposite the ti'iniination of the
vemdes. Hind wings like the tlire wings, except that the inner line is
wanting: beneath, distinelly otdireons, with dense reddish slri^a'; outer
common line ver\ distinct, shaded externally with didl violet niinijled with
whitish: iVin^e dull violet, checkered with darker: discal dots distinct
reddish, whitish on the inner edge of both winirs: often the striga' are
tawny, and the fringe is whitish, and the violet tiu^e waiitiu^r, while ijie degree
of mottling varies, being occasionally very dens(^ giving a tawny appearance
to the nnder side; the inner line is sometimes wantini^: in one case, the
brown shading along the common line has a laint greenish tint.

It may be at once ktn)wn by the broad, large angle of the onter line,
and its violet hue, the yellowish nnder sid<', and its snndl size. In a temale
from Kansas, the under side is bright (xdii-eons-yeliow.

Length of l)ody, S, 0.50-0.60, 9, O.GO; of (i)re wing, J, 0.(iO-0.70,
V, 0.80; expanse of wings, l.GO inches.

Montreal, Canada (Lyman); Maine, June (I'ackard); Massachnsetls, July
(Sanborn, Stratton); New York, July 8 (Meske and Lintner) ; Philadelphia,
Pa., June (Grote and Knt. Soc.) ; West Farms, N. Y. (Angu.s) ; Missouri
(Riley); Lawrence, Kans. (Snow).

Guende's type of E. rcfracfaria is a simrle rui)bed hypocltidria; his
lateritiaria seems, by the description, to be Injpochnn'ni. Walker's refractaria
is a mucdi rubbed lnjpi)ch]ai'ni.

Endkopia JIARGINATA Packard. Plate 12, tig. 13.

Caberodes margiiiala Miuot!!!. I'roc. Host. Sue. N\it. Hist , xi. n.'.l. ISi/.l.

4 c? and 2 9 — A large species connecting the higher species with those of
which E. hiipochraria is the type, the wiiiirs being entire Fore wing.s slightly
falcate, entire, obtusely angled in the middle Ilind w ings slightly tridentale,
the apex and middle angle beingobtusely acut<', with a minute tooth between
w hich mav l)e easily oveilooked. liody and win<rs pale ochraceous, dens(>ly
mottled with tawny brown : lines broad, tawuy-l)row!! ; the imier one curved
regularly, not anuulated, .sonielimes nearly oi)solete: (uiter line ol)li((ue,
04 P H

50fi

curved; wing sli.uled brjoiid with lawny; a submarginal row oi" pale,
irregular spots, often oltsolete, connecting with a pale, apical, oblique streak
(soniefinics not ])resen1); wings beyond the outer line tawny-brown, more
or less mottled with ))aler patches, and with a tew scattered black scales.
Hind wings with sometimes a tiiint, difluse, inner line; outer line merged in
with the darker border of the wing, faintly doubled, the inclosure being
rather small; discal dots l)lack, a little larger and more distinct on the hind
wings than on the tore wings. Beneath, pale ochreous, both wings uniformly
mottled all over; the outer border of the wings l)eing the same as within;
no inner line; the common outer line very distinct tawny-brown, curved as
ai)ov(' and on the hind wings doubled in the middle, and sometiriies shaded
beyond irregularly with tawny; discal dots indistinct. Hind til)ia? swollen;
legs pale, mottled sparingly with dark.

Length of body, cf, 0.70-0.80, 9, 0.70; of fon; wing, c? , 0.70-0.90,
9, 0.96; expanse of wings, 1.80 inches.

Brunswick, Me., frequent in July and August (Packard); Massachusetts
(!^anl)orii, ]\linot, "Aug.") ; New York (Meske) ; Roxbury, Mass., middle of
August (Minot) ; New Jersey (Sachs) ; Missouri. M.iy (Riley) ; near Mam-
moth Cave, Ky., April 2!) (Sanborn, Ky. G<'ol. Snrv.).

It is easily known by the large non-serrate wings, its large size, and
pale ochreous color, with the submarginal row of pale spots, and nearly
entire hind wings. The outer line on the fore wings of the female is straighter
than in the male.

It ditl'ers from E. cfl'ectaria Walk, in the outer edge of the litre wings
being entire, and the hind jiair being tridentate instead of seven-toothed,
witli no teeth behind the middle of the wing. The outer third of the wing
is fuscous, tlie outer line being merged into this part and not so distinct
nor d(>id)led, as in E. effect arlti. '^I'he l)asal line on the hind wings is much
shorter and broader and is more diffuse. The antennjv and legs are darker
than in that species, though the head and palpi are of nearly the same tint.

Enuropia vinulkntakia Grote and Robin.son. Plate 12, tig. 14.

Km\ri>jt\n riiiuhnltii-ia Grotti and Rob., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., viii, ]il. l."") A, lig. .S, cf , IHC)/.

2 (^ . — This species, in the sl)ape (jf the wings, is almost identical with
E. madumriu {viNosuria), liut the wings are uniformly pale chocolate-brown,
being less mottled with i)rown than nsiial. The fore wings are moderately
ialcate compared with the higher species, and entire, while the hind wings

are once exc;ival<'(l hclow llicapcx, Iml iiol (Icnlalc. I'^)rc v. iii<rs uiiili)rinl\'
pale cliocdlate-lndwii, willi two icddisli-liiown lines, the inner nincli ciiivcd,
with a ])rojecti()n on the median vein (soniefinies ()i).solete) ; tli(' outer line is
straighl, slightly eiirvcd on the costa ; in one specimen, the winu is mncli
paler within the extradiscal Hue than without; in another, it is of exactly
the same hue; IViuge eoneolorous wilii the liiu's; a distinct, whitish, oidi(pu,',
apical patch; discal dots distinct on Imth wiuirs, Idack. Hind wiiiir.s with a
faint inner line, ol)solete in one example; ; the outer line is straigiit, double
bcneatii l)ut not above, lieneath, whitish, speckled linely with reddish-
brown; ontlu^ for(> wings the outer edge Ix'yoiul the extradiscal line with
a large, oblique, apical, whilish patch; the extradiscal line is double, l)ut
the oval area is one-half narrower tlian that inclosed on the hind wings.

T>ength of body, <f , 0.50-0. GO; of lore wings, (/■, 0.60-0.68 ; ex[)anse
of wings, 1.20-1.40 inciies.

Massachusetts (Grofe); llycU; Park, near Boston, Mass., June 15
(Morrison).

Tliis ver}' pretty species differs fi^om E. mndiisdiid, or trom E. iiuirgiiiafa,
in the niiifoian chocolate-color, which is not broken by paler patches and
spots. The form of the wings is exactly as in Fj. iii(i(his(iri<(. It also dilfers
in the extradiscal line being simple in lioth wiuirs, not doubled as in
E. madusar/d.

Endropia textkinaria Grote and Robinson. Plate 12, fig. 15; larva, plate

13, fig. 10 ; pupa, 10 a.
Endropia textrinaria Grote aud Rob., Auu. Lye. Nat. Hi.st., viii, plate !•> .*, iiff. 6, 18(57.

3 S . — This species differs from all the foregoing and from madumria in
the broader wings, the rather shorter body, the tip of the aixlomen not reach-
ing to the anal angle of the hind winus. in the much shorter pal|)i, and in
the peculiar arrangement of the two lin<'s on the fore wings, th(! hind wings
being caudate rather than scalloped. Body and wings pale oehreoiis; front
concolorous on the lower two-thirds, al)ove daik brown ; vertex like the rest
of the body. Antennfe pectinated l)roadly to ntnir the tip. Wings densely
mottled and strigated with l)rownish-oeher, giving a somewhat (dieekered
a|)pearance to the clearer p(jrtions. Veins ochreous-brown. An inner,
curved, pale-brown line, bent outward on the sidjmedian vein, and meeting
the outer line, which either runs very near, or, it remote, throws out a con-
necting streak, in the tbrmer case forming an oval, with the end resting on

508

tlie inner iiiargiu oi'llie wing. Outer line (lii.skv ihvvn-brow n, oliTuiue, ciirvetl
outward above and Ixdow inward to meet the inner. Beyond, tlie wing is
shaded with oclireons-l)]-own (wilii a tew bhicl\ speeks) ; this shade sometimes
e.\lends to the bonU'r of the wing, interrujited l)_v a submarginal row ol
irregular pale patches proceeding i'roni the l)road, apical, ditt'nse, pale patcii.
Discal dots black, distinct in l)oth wings. Hind wings marked like the
anterior ])air, the outer line situated just in the middle of the witig and
nearer the discal dot than usual. Fringe lawn-brown. Beneath, a submar-
ginal scalloped fawn-bi-own line not reaching the hind edge, common to both
wings. (This and. ihe meeting of the two lines on (he fore wings al)ove is
chararteristic of this s|)ecies.) The rest of the wings is j)aler than above,
with less dense strig;e, and darki/r along the c-osta. Discal dols distinct.
The outer line on th(^ fore wings faintly |-e-appears through.

Length of body, S, OAh-OJA): of fire wing, J, 0.65-0.75; exj)anse
of wings, 1.50 inchi's.

Mount Washington, N. II., July (i\Iorrisoii) ; IMiiladelphia (Amer. Ent.
Soc.) ; Georgia (Harris Coll.).

The two males from Philadelphia are much clearer altove than j\lr.
Grote's ty[)es, the hind wings being especially clear, with long linear strigse.

This is a very well-marked species, and need not lie conl()unded with
any other. The hind wings are distinctly "tailed", not sinuated, as in
madu.sdiid, while the fore wings are distinctly excavated, Init not dentate
below (he apex, and they are shoi'ter and broader than usual

Laira. — Kaniifoini; iiead no wider than (he Ijody ; a dorsal hump on
(he third thoracic segment, in tlie middle of the body, and two on the end of
the liody. Head rust-red. I'lody green, witli three or four transverse red-
dish stripes on each abdominal rim;. Pupa ])ale brown, speckled with lilack.
Food-plant l'r>nUn-'ta pcrfol'inla ((lescrii)ed from Abl)ot's MS. drawing). I( is
possible (hat the larva lieic ligured may l)e that of Eutrupfla transveisata,
or vtrt' versa, compai'c tig. 20.

Endroi'IA MAms.'kKiA Walker. IMate 12, tig. Hi.

? Jindropia uslijliimrin Walk., List Lt;]). \\i\i. Br. Mils., xx, 15-2, 18(10.

Eiiilropia miidunaria Walk. !!! {Iklc (irot.e), List Lep. llct. Bi'. Mils., xx, 15:!, IStiU.

ICndropia opomarla Walk. !!1, List Lop. llcl. Br. Mils., xx, 15:i, IHtiO.

JCndrvpii! i-ivnmniii Grotc and Kob. !!!, Ann. L_vc. Nat. Hist., viii, pi. 15 A, lig. 4, ^, 1867.

4 S . — Closely allied to E. ririu/o/tdrid, but whitish-ochreous ; fore wings
ol' the same shape, but hind wings not .vo deeply notched, and tlie abflomen

r)09

(lilt's iiol <'\l('n(l (|uil(' so lar lit'liiiid llu; wings. Btxlv hikI wiiiirs wliitisli-
oclircoiis. I'^iic \\ iiiii's thickly s|)('clvl('(l with coirco-hrowii scali's; iiiucr line
curved and angidalcd rather more distinctly than in ciniilinhirid. foniiiug a
distinct tooth on the median vein. Outer line (like the inner, collee-eohu-ed)
is more curved, especially on the hind edge, than in viintlcnturid^ and is dis-
tinctly duplicated in (he middle. The wiuif i)eyond is uniform coilec- (with
milk-) color, and inidosini;' an ol)li(|iie, louir, narrow, apical, whitish spot, and
a large, !on<r, o\al spot m the middle ol'the wing interrupl<'d l>y the lirst and
second veins, which are lii'own. Hind winiiswilh a liasal straitrht shade;
outer liu(! very distinct, duplicated, intdosing an umisnally larg(\ narrow, oval
area: beyond not darkei- than the rest ol' the wing. Frini^e dark, coU'ee-
colored. Beneath, pale whitish-oidireons, wit li the lines clearly re[)r()duced
as al)()vc, discal dots more (dear than ahove, outer edLrc of lore wiuii;s scarcely
darker than within, on the hind wings coucolorous with the icst (d"the wing.
Fringe coftee-colored.

Hind wings as in vimiloitd/id, but considerably less dentate.

Lengtii of body, •<?, 0.50-0.63: of fore wing, (?, 0.55-0.72; (;.\panse of
wings, 1.15— 1. GO inches.

Philadelphia (Grote, FiUt. 8oc.) : Lawrence, Kans. (Snow) ; Colorado
Springs, Colo., July 4 (:\Iead) ; Texas, May 4, July 10-11 (Belfrage).

While there is no doubt but that this species is Walker's DKidusaria
and oponearia, 1 think that Irom Walker's description it is probably his
astyh/.saria also, as 7nodumna is a \videly-diffused, common, and varial)le species.
It is evidently doubled>rooded in Texas.

Endroi'IA amcexaria (ruenee. Plate 1"2, fig. 17.

ICiiiiriijiUi ttnuinarui Oiieu., Pbal., i, 124, \>\. :>, Ti;;. H, 1S.')7.

Walk., List Lep. Hct. ]5i-. .Mils., xx. IfiU, ISOO.
Endrnjila (iir/iicliii-iii (iroti- anil Uob. 1!!. Ann. Lyi-. .N'af. Hist., viii. ]il. l.'i A. Iljx. 7, ^, 1S(>7.

2 cf and 1 9. — Brighter ochicous than any otiu'r species known to me,
and at once distinguished by the two large broad teeth on the apical halt oi the
hind winijs, the incision between ])eing unusually deep. Fore wimrs with an
acute subfalcate apex ; outer edge of the hind wings i)ent l)ut not scalloped,
with two large prmnineut, tiiough not very acute, teeth, straight ixdiind the
middle. Fore wings and body yellow-ochreou.s, s[)eckled with heavy black
strigae. Palpi lipped with black beneath, and anteim<e cons|)icuously si)eckled
above. Fore wings with the inner line curved and angulated ; this and the

510

outer liiiL' dark brown. (3iit('r line olilique, eiirved tovvaril the coista, with
no tendency to donbh- itself, and quite distinct from the border of the wing,
Itevond which it is nisty-ochreous, growing slightly paler toward the edge
of the winy. A large, pale, irregularly oval, apical spot, one of -a series of
smaller irregular ones, ending just within the hind angle. Fringe dark.
Hind wings with a very faint basal shade (not present in two of the speci-
mens) Outer line straight, or l)ut slightly curved, duplicated in the middle,
but inclosing a smaller area than usual. Shaded a little way beyond the
line, and on the apical portion with rusty-ochreous ; edge of wing below
pale ochreous. Beneath, deeper ochreous than usual, the outer common line
alone prominent, dark brown. Wings ochreous, heavily speckled with black
scales. Submarginal row of pale spots distinct, but not present on the hind
wings. Border partially shaded, especially on tiie fore wings and apical
region of the hind wings.

Length of body, S, 0.60-0.70, 9, 0.55; of fore wing, <?, 0.G3-0.70, 9,
O.yO; expanse of wings, 1.90 inciies.

This well-marked species may at once be kno\\-n l)y the two large, broad,
triangular teeth on the hind wings, the unusually bright-ochreous colors, and
the row of submurgiual, pale, irregular spots near the outer edge of the fore
wings.

Springfield, Mass. (Dimmock) ; New York (Grote and Meske) ; New
Jersey (Sachs) ; Philadelphia, Pa. (Ent. Soc).

This agrees perfectly with Guenee's description, but not with his tigures,
which are usually [)ooi-. My description is partly based on J^Iessrs. Grote
and Robinson's type. Walker's E. proprinria (List, xx, 249, 1860) seems to
be this species.

Endropia aemataeia Packard. Plate 12, tigs. 19, 20.

Gnophos arinataria H.-Scli., Ansserenr. Sclim., 65, figs. 373, 374, 1S50-.'J8.
PriuKijula urmuUuki (iumi., Phal., i, lU, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. lli-X. Br. Miis., xx, 114, 1860.

4 3 and 1 9 . — Antennae not so heavily pectinated as usual. Fore wings
falcate, rather short, outer edge decidedly serrate, hind wings deeply and
regularly so. Fawn-brown, with a violet tinge, especially on the outer iialf
of the liind wings. Inner line on tlie tore wings rather broad, dark brown,
very ol)lique, and beat at a high angle just below the costa. Tiie extradiscal
line is a broad band, somewhat sinuous. The wing beyond is as clear as in

llic iniddlc. with a dai-k limlxcii palcli (in llic inner anisic, and a sul)a|)ical
daik-hrowii sliadc lining flic dct'i) snl)a|»i<;al cxcavalinn. Hind uiniis willi two
l)r()ad (wiradiscal hands, tin' dulcr (hllnsr ; llic winirs on each si(h' waslicd
w ilh violet. liciicalh, hriiflit (xdircDiis-vclluu : a (•(ininion liiown line, hrvond
which thf w'wii is of the color oC a dried hat', especially on the hind winys,
the edges dl' which are yrdlow -oeiier. in the leniale, the hands are narrower.

Length of Ix.dy, ^ , O.CA) ; of ii)re wiiiij:. <},().(>'); expanse of wings, 1.30
inelies.

Brunswick, Me. (Packard); Boston, ^fass. (Sanhorn and Harris Coll.);
New York ((Jrote and .Vngns); Maryland (Mus. CVniip. Zool.); Jlissouri

(Kiloy).

Tills eoinnion and very well-marked species is smaller than most of the
others of tiie genus, and may Ix; readily re(;ognized hy the heavy t)road l)an(l
common to both wings, the violet tinge of the secondaries, and the bright
deep oehreons nndi'r side.

An individnal (fig. 20, J) from Maryland, in tiie Musenni of Comparative
Zoology, is of a pecnliar dark nmher-hrown, with the lines and hands less
oblique, and of the same hue beneath ; but, as the anlenn;e and shape of the
wings are the same, I am inclined to regard it us a much snlfiised melanotic
individual.

ExDRoriA HiLiNEARiA Packard. Plate 12, tig. 21.

I'riociida hilhiearia-Piwk., New and Little Known Insects, i:!, 1870.

10 J and 10 9. — Clear fawn-brown ; wings much darker and less spotted
than in the otlier species. Body and wings concolorons ; front of the head and
the palpi a little darker than the rest of the body. Costa of the Ibre wings ])aler
than the rest of the wing and spotted finely, especially on the edge, with
l)rown specks. Two brown hair-lines, the inner situated on the basal, and the
outer on the outer third of the wing; the iimer line itent on the costa, where
it is a little incurved, then going straight to the inner edge of the wing.
Outer line a little curved outward in the median spaces. Half-way lietween this
line and the outer edge of the wing is a ditfuse, interrupted, liiint grayish band
with a tew dark scales, often wanting, and connecting with an oblicpie apical
l)atch, also concolorons with the costa. Outer edge of the wing deeply notched;
the eight acute points (including tin; apex, which is very acute) tipped with
a tew black scales, the fringe being whitish between. A faint discal dot some-
times wanting. Iliml wings with a tiiint, basal, dilfuse band (often wanting.

512

l)(nng- much uioic disliiict ln'iicath) ; a median hrowu liair-liiic
in the fore winjjs. Boiiealli, body and wiiiiis oclier-yellow, especially in the
middle of the winirs. Bolii wings marked alike with a l)asal, difl'use, l)roa(l,
hrow n line, and an outer, mneh curved, lirown hair-line. An outer row of
(lark ])atches forming a faint broken line. An apical, oblicpic, whiti.sh patch.
Beyond the outer hair-line, bolli wings darker. Hind edge of fore wings with
darker s])ots and patches than elsewhere. Tlie fismale is of nearly the same
form as the male, but with much larger deeper notches. On the under side,
the costa and hind edge are gray, with blackish scales. Discal dot dislinct
above, larger beneath. Inner band wanting. Beyond 1he outer line, the
wing is fawn-ljrown, luovo as above, and the entire under surface is more
(liicklv speckled than in the male. On the upper side of the tore wings ar<^
three dark patches, one at the iimer angle and two near the ape.x.

Length of body, (f , 0.65; of fore wing, S , 0.70. 9, 0.(J.o-0.7o; expanse
of wings, 1.30-1.05 inches.

Canada (Saunders); Brunswick, Me. (Packard); lirookline, Mass, July
17 (Shurtleff) ; Massachusetts (G. Dinimock) ; New York (Lintner and
Grote); New Jersey (Sachs); Glencoe, Nebr. (Dodge); Lawrence, Kaus.
(Snow); Waco, Tex., May 5, August 29 (Belfrage); Sierra Nevada, Cal.
(Edwards); Victoria, Vancouver's Island (Crotch, Mus. Comp. ZouL).

This species is larger and differently marked from E. (irindtaria, and is not
so acutely dentate on the outer edge of either pair of wings, whicli are uniforndy
clear fliwn-l)rown, with darker lines, but not the broad heavy bands of anna-
taria. The two male and female specimens from Vancouver's Island and one
male from California follow the usual law of variation of intercontinental
.species, and are much larger than eastern examples; but the markings are
essentially the same, the dark patches on the outer margin of the fore wings
being well nnirked.

Length of fore wing of a Massachusetts example, 0.70 ; of a Van-
couver's Island specimen, 0.86 inch.

The Nebraska and Kansas specimens do not differ in size from eastern
ones.

Larva. — The caterpillar has been found by Mr. W. Saunders ieeding on
the oak. Unfortunately, it was not described. It went into the chrysalis
state on the 4tli of July, ami on the 17th, or thirteen days after, emerged.

513
Endropia pectinakia Giicik'c. rial I" 12, Wgn. 11, eT, is, 9.

Cfomilra })ectinana Dun. iiiul Scliill'., Wifii Vii/., li^. C, I(i:i, ITTc',.

" Hiibii., Scluii. Km-., Geoiu., tab. ("., li;;. :iU, inas."
Knnomoa pect'inaria Ticits , Silnii. Kiir., vi (i), (i(), 18:i7.

Dup., Lep. I'lance, vii (iv), 107, pi. Mf., (!«. -1, lti29.

Boi,s(l., Gen. Ind., 18r!, 1840.
Kndropia pcctinarkt Gnen.!!!, Pluil., i, !•>>, lsr)7.

Walk.!!!, List, Lop. Hot. Hi-. Miis., xx, 141), 18G0.
Endropia liedtictana Walk.!!!, List Lep. Hot. Hr. Mus., xx, 151, 1860.

3 S and a ? .—Closely rosomhlcs E. scrratana m size and inarking.s;
Iho wiii!,r.s are however less scalloped, [hr. teeth in tiie hind winij between
the apex and middle of tliewinir Wmi; shorter and more ()l)tiise; the apex of
tin- fore wings is similarly acute. I'.ody and wings deep ochreous, much as
in E. amcBnnria, and wanting the dark hue on the outer l)order of the wing.s,
which is nearly as clear as tiie middle and base. Two fawn-brown lines on
the fore wings, tlic inner much curved, straight between the sui)costal and
median vein, and l)ent on the costa. Outer line curved, witii a tendency to
become d()ul)led in the middle in the male but simple in the female; shaded
outside diffusely with the same color as the line itself in the male l)ut not in
the female. Discal dots black, distinct on l)()th wings. Wings speckled
with black strigas; apex of fbre wings quite clear, with a dark oblique shade,
the outer border clear. In one female, there are two ratiier hvrge submarginal
l)lack spots in the middle of i)oth wings; and in one male a pale rust-red one in
the second median cell, and one on the hind wing larger and enveloping the
second median vein. Fringe darker than the rest of the wing. On the hind
wings the common line is duplicated on the hind edge, and again in the middle';
a basal, diffuse, straight line is present. Beneath as above, but the lines are
(hirker and more distinct, and the fringe darker, and the striga; coarser
t han above. The hind tii)ia; swollen: legs concolorous with the body, speckled
with ])lack-brown. Palpi tipped with black scales beneath.

Length of body, J, 0.75, 9, 0.60; of fore wing, <? , 0 Til, 9, 0.77;
expanse of wings, 1.50-1.60 inches.

West Farms, X. Y. (Angus); Missouri (Riley); Lawrence, Kans. (Snow).

It may be known by the three well-marked teeth on the apical half of
the hind wings, the clear border, and clear dark lines beneath; otherwise it is
much like E. ejfedaria. The artist has wrongly put pectinated antenna? on the
figure of the female (tig. 18). The male is well represented by Dui)on-

05 p H

514

oliel's figure. In the i'eniale, the ooinmon hue is straight and not doubled,
and (he wings are speckh'd with (hirk Idotches.

The t()urth of Walker's tyjies of this species is a Selenia.

Lama. — "The caterpillar lives on the oak and other trees. It is of a
testaceous gray, with a dorsal lozenge-like mark. The fourtii segment is
deeper-colored, and on the baek of the 8th, !)th, and 10th, are also two
obscure marks bifid anteriorly on the first, and carrying a blackish angle
(arete) on each extremity of the second. Tiie head and feet are concolorous.
It is found in j\Iay and June, and tlie moth is disclosed towards the end of
this last month. A second generation spins (./?/<') toward the middle of July
to appear as moths in the beginning of August." — (Guen^e.) This description
is prol)ably taken from figures of Abbot or of LeConte drawn in Georgia.
In the Northern States, the species is undoubtedly only single-brooded.

Endropia efkectaria Walker. Plate 12, figs. 22, 24.

Eiidropiii rffcckiria Walk., Can. Nat., v. 2(i0, IHCO ; Liat Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxvi, 1504, 1862.

4 (/■ and 5 9 . — In its form and the cut of the serrated wings closely resem-
bling serratarin, ])ut the wings, while being scarcely more acutely pointed, are
more deeply serrated, especially on the l)ind wings, which appear as if deeply
slit in some specimens. Deep fawn-color with black specks, frosted with
gray on the body and the costa of the fore wings, as well as on the basal half
of both wings ; being darker brown than usual (rubbed specimens with an
ochreous tinge). The base of the wings but little paler than the border.
Antennae deeply pectinated ; palpi long, paler at tip. Fore wings with a
basal, dark-ferruginous, narrow line, a little curved, just beyond an oblique
dark shade, straight, and extending on to the hind wing, forming the basal
line of the wing (the inner line varies in being sometimes very diffuse,
and the outer, oblique, straight shade is usually rubbed oif the fore wing).
Outer common line usually darker than the border of the wing beyond,
oblique, often sinuate, and on the hind wings doubled in the middle of the
wing, the inclosed portion being lanceolate-oval. A row of paler spots often
extends from the apical pale patch to just within the inner angle (this row
often obsolete), soini^times present on the hind wings. Fore wings acutely
falcate, with six or seven obtuse teeth, two behind the median bend, the male
being nearly as acutely serrated as the female, and with the fore wings and
apex nearly as acutely ])ointed. In the liind wings, the teeth in the male are

515

very largo, ilio fliird loolli cspcciiill} Ix-ing long iiiid (irtcii luicc as laix'c as
llic otliers. Bciu'aili, paler lliaii al)i)ve; wings and legs tiiickly speckled with
large transverse striga> witli a rnsly tinge. The lines are very distinct,
l)roader, and llie nuuginal row oC dill'nse Innules more distinct than ahove ;
Iriiige rus1y-l)rown : edge of wing paler gray tlian in tiie middle, in the li'male
decidedly I'rosly-gray, and contrasting W(dl with the rest ol' tlu' wing. ]\I()re
common nortliward {hi\\\ Mer/a/i/riti.

In some specimens is a subapical row of two or three round black spots.
Discal dots either distinct or obscure, and almost obsolete. Mr. Walker's
type is not in the British Museum ; i)ut his description, l)rief as it is, applies
well to this species.

Length of body, J, 0.70-0.80. 9, 0.5.5-0.80; of litre wing, S, 0.80-O.!)O,
9, 0 80-1.00; expanse of wings, 2.00 iiiche.^.

Canada (Walker) ; Brunswick, Me., duly, August, ir(>(juenl (Packard);
Massachusetts (Sanborn, Stratton); Andierst, Ma.ss. (Peabody); Brookline,
X. Y., July Ifi (ShurtlelD: Albany, N. Y. (Lintner); Oneida, N. Y. (llaw-
ley); New Jersey (Sachs); Detroit, Mich. (Swartz).

This species is one of the larg(!st of the genus, and, though exceedingly
variable, may usually be determined by the very deeply serrate wings, by the
rusty-ochreous hues, the irregular, dentate, not very distinct lines, and l)y the
ochreous under side, mottled, however, with rust-brown. While in the form
of the wings it is much like serrafaria, in coloration E. ohlusurid is more likfdv
to l)c mistaken l()r the titrmer. I append the description of an unusual form
from Illinois :

1 <^ . — Fawn-color, with difl'use dark-biown bands; beneath, with an
ochreous tinge. Body flnvn-color like the wings; a broad, diU'use, curved,
l)asal band (often obsolete); a similar mesial band not much curved, crossing
the site of the discal dot, which is obsolete. The outer line is broad, ditFuse,
dark brown, becoming paler externally; it is straight to just befon; the costa,
where it curves, though it is not angulated; between the inner and outi-r
lines the wing is tinged with ochreous ; beyond th(; outer line the border is
lawn-colored, with dark strigaj ; edge more ochreous, fringe darker. An
apical oblique dark streak, concolorous with the three lines ; edge of the
wing scalloped slightly, apex very acut(dy produced. Hind wings deeply
indented, both acute, tinged with ochreous within the outer line; beyond,
lawii-color, with more numerous and distinct striya' than toward the base of

516

tlic wiiio-; the two lines me nearly parallel, the outer ones doubled mesially.
Beneath, the wings are more deeply ochreous, with thick strigge; beyond the
outer hue, whieh is doubled in the middle, tlie margin is tawn-colored, and a
little paler toward the ajiex. On the secondaries, the same basal common
line is broader than the outer line, which is doubled. Length of the body,
0.(J0 ; fore wing, 0.84 inch. Illinois (Dr. B. Clemens).

Endropia oinusARiA Gueiitie. Plate 12, fig. 23.

"dnimclra ohliiMria Hiibii., Gi-oui. Eur., 390."
' Eiiihlinia ohliiKtiiiu Hiibii., Vci/,., '^93, IHIH.
E)iiliojna tiiiriiuniii Oui-ii., Plial., i, 1"2'.!, IH.'i".
K)i(}n>i,ia iiiiizuiia W;ilk.!!!, List Lcp. llet. Br. Mn.s., xx, 154, ISfiO.

4 <f and 4 9 . — This is nearest allied to E.serratarla, but diflers in being
paler (or sometimes dark brown), whitish-ochreous, with the border of the
wings much palei', sometimes concolorous with the rest of the wings, and
the under side is pale, thickly spotted with brown specks. Antennae not so
heavily pectinated as in serrutarla. Head, body, and wings concolorous,
■ whitish-ochreous. Fore wings clear at the base; an inner, curved, narrow, pale
fawn-brown line, often oljsolete; outer line oblique, much curved opposite
the discal dot, not confused with the sliade on the byrder of the wing, as in
serratarid, liut distinct, and bent at nearly right angles opposite the discal
dot, whence it goes to the costa; the line is in one specimen sinuate. Discal
dots in both wings black, large, and distinct. Border of both wings pale
fawn-brown, or coftee-(with milk-) color, or obsoletely so, being in one male
concolorous with the rest of the wing. A dark apical streak, with often
three rounded blackish spots or lunules in the three interspaces below.
Hind wings like the fore wings, with an inner faint line (often obsolete)
running near the discal dot, and the outer line darker than the brown portion
beyond, sometimes duplicated in the middle (when the part is not obsolete).
The male with the apex as acute if not more so than in serrataria ; middle
angle disposed to be more marked than in serrataria. Hind wings with
deeper notches, with four ])rojecting teeth.

The females are a little more deeply angulated than in serrataria; teeth
arranged the same. The under side of the wings is much paler than in
serrataria, and uniforndy and densely speckled. Border of the wings but
a little darker (in some no darker) than the rest of the wing. Lines and
discal (lots very distinct : the inner common line broad and diffuse, and run-

517

iiiug next to or actually inclosing the discal dots. A siuallcr species 1 ban
.serratiiria. Tlie I)rea(ltli of the coilee-colored border varies sometimes, as in
a Kansas sjxicimen whieli is dark eolli'e-hrown, with the outer third of tiie
the wings but a shade darker tlian the interior.

Length of l)ody, i , 0.55-0.80, 9, 0.G5 ; oC Ibre wing, i , 0.72-0.85, 9,
0.90; expanse oi' \vings, 1 GO-1.80 inches.

Amherst, Mass., June (Peabody) ; Boston, Mass. (Sanborn); Maryland
(Mus. Comp. Zoul.); Albany, N. Y. (Lintner); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus);
Philadelphia, Pa. (Grote); Illinois (Grote); Ithaca, N. Y. (8mitii); New
Jersey (Sachs); Missouri (Kiley) ; Lawrence, Kans. (Snow); Texas, March
7, April 21, July 4 (IJelfrage).

This is an exceedingly variable species. It is ol' the same size, and
very nearly allied to E. se.rrataria, but is never so yellow, and the wii'igs arc
less serrate, especially on the posterior half of the hind wings, which in
several examples is not serrate at all. Certain females are unilbrmly pale
ash-brown, of the same hue as in E v'mulentaria, diifering in this respect
from any of the allied serrated t(>rms. Other females are yellowish-brown,
but still much less yellow than in senataria. Usually, however, in both
sexes the wings are broadly margined with l)rown, with two or three lda<dv
apical spots, and the discal dots are large and distinct. The specimens are
always lighter than in effectaria, and less yellow than in serrataria.

Although it does not exactly agree with Guenee's description of tigri-
naria, yet it does in the most important characters. He says the extradiscal
line is not bent below the costa, but it is usually nearly as nmeh bent as in
E. pe.ctinar la, though in worn specimens the l)eud is indislincf. It is evi-
dently his ohtusaria Hiibner, as individuals agree well with his de.-^eription.

Larva. — Rather thick; body of tiniforni thickness thnmohout, with the
head no wider than the body, which is smooth, less tuberculated than usual,
there being oidy one or two small (lor.-<al tul)ercles near the end of the body.
The body is pale gray, with brown blotcdies, and subdorsal series of reddish
longitudinal lines. Food-plant hnpatkm itoli-me-tuttgcre. — (Described from
Abbot's MS. drawings.)

Endropia serratakia Packard. Plate 12, fig. 25.

Gcomeira sorala Dnny, III., i, 10, jiliiii, -M^ tij;. I, 1770; \Vi>st. ofl., i, :!8, pi. ^0, lij;. 1, \^^^^7.

;•] (f and 8 9. — This species diti"ers from all the otiier species l)y tin;
body and wings being sulphur-yellow, the hind wings being deeply serrated.

518

and the oiiltT border ul' both wings bcyon<l the coiiiiuon outer line l)eing
lawn-brown. Head like the body; orbits in IVont deep ochrcous. Anicunie
broadly pectinated, as nsiial. Fore wings with a basal, curved, dilluse, fawn-
lirown baud, the wings being ol'fcNi brown at base; au cxtradiscal one
common io both wings; discal dots not very distinct; wings obscurely
spotted with tawn-brown ; outer line fawn brown; the wing beyond is filled
up with the same color, with an oblique, apical, yellowish patch, shaded
below with blackish, and with scattered black specks on the brown portion.-
Hind wings like tiie anterior pair, except that there is no basal line; apex
very acute in the female. Outer edge of the fore wings of the male angulated
in the middle, but not scalloped, as it is in the female. Hind wings deeply
serrated in the male in front of the middle of the wing, there being three
acute ^)oints, while in the female the entire edge is scalloped, there being
six acute points. Beneath, the markings re-apjiear, the wings are more
heavily speckled, discal dots larger, black, more distinct; both common Ihies
present; outer border brown, but paler than al)ove, and with the apical
oljlifpie patch more distinct. Legs yellow, spotted with lilac-brown.

Length of body, cT, 0.70-0.80, 9, 0.65-0.70 ; of fore wing, <?, 0.75-0.85,
9, 0 90-1.00; expanse of wings, 1.80-2.00 inches.

It varies in the base of the fore wing being brown, or this brown portion
is represented simply l)y a diffuse curved line, and also in the degree of
irroration, and of the scalloping of the fore wings.

Montreal, Canada (Lyman) ; Boston, Mass. (Soc. Nat. Hist., Sanborn,
Stratton, and Shurtlefi; the latter collecting it "July 10th") ; Albany, N. Y.
(Lintner and Meske) ; Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. (Grote) ; New Jersey
(Sachs) ; Philadelphia, Pa (Grote and Ent. Soc.) ; Detroit, Mich. (Mus.
Comp. Zool.) ; Glencoe, Nebr. (Dodge).

Desiderata.

Endropia fiviarla Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 250, I860.—
'■'Male. Dull cinereous fawn-color, minutely black-speckled; under side
2)aler and brighter. Palpi brown, porrect, broad, extending a little beyond
the head; tliird joint conical, minute. Antennse l)roadly pectinated, exce|)t
at the tips. Legs l)rown ; tarsi |)ale testaceous. Wings with two dark
;en(!ous-brown linesaud with the Iringe of the same hue; a black discal point.
l*'(ii-e wings sultfidcate ; interior liue l)eni and uudulaling; a whitish ol)li(pie

519

;il>Kal -slrcak, wliicli is |)ailiv liordcrcd uilh hruwii ; exterior l)oi(lcr convex.
Hind wings with a loop line, wliicli joins the outer side of the exterior line.

"Length of the body (i lines; ol' lin; wings 10 lines.

'■(/, /;. St. John's IJluH', East, Florida. Presented by K. l)onl)l((l,i_v, I'-s(|.

''Female. Fawn-color. Palpi slightly ascending, extending soniewliat
beyond the head; third joint, very minute. Wings pale testaceous, witli
very numerous fawn-colored speckles, which are mostly coniluent on the
.outer part, the latter minutely l)lack-speckled ; exterior line brown, oblique,
nearly straight ; discal point black; fringe icneous-brown ; under side witli a
loop line joining the outer side of the exterior line. Fore wings with a bent
interior line and with a broad apical streak; exterior border hardly bent.
Hind wings with the apical part of the costa and the fore part of the exterior
border somewhat truncated. ■ .

"Length of the body 7 lines; of tlie wings 18 lines.

"c. East Florida. Presented l)y E. Doul)leday, Esq"

Endropia adus/aria Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus, xxw, 1.^)4."), 18G(>. —
''Male. Fawn-color, ochraceous beneath. Palpi poncct, pubescent, nuidcr-
ately stout, extending ratlu'r beyond the head; thir<l joiiH conical, not more
than one-fourth of the length of the second. Antenna' moderately pecttinated
to the ti])s. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings; a[)ical tuft
small. Legs rather short. 'Wings broad, minutely black-speckled ; a i)lack
rather large point in the disk, and a brown exterior indistiiu-t slightly undu-
lating line; exterior border very slightly bent in the middle. Fore wings
sharply rectangular at the tips; a brown antemedial indistinct line, which is
slightly retracted near the costa.

"Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

"a. North America. From Mr. Carter's collection."

Endropia incisaria Walk., List Lc^p. Het. Br. Mus., xxxv, 1546, LStJti. —
"Male. Cinereous, with a tinge of fawn-color; under sid(! pale yellowisii,
brown-speckled. Palpi brown, porrect, smooth, stout, much shorter than tin;
breadth of the head; third joint (lonical, not more than one-fourth of the
length of the second. Anteun;e rather l)roadly pectinated to three-fourths
of the length. Abdomen extending rather l)eyond the hind wings; apical
tuft very small. Hind tibicc slightly dilated. . Wings broad minutc'ly and
lransv(>rsely blackish-speckled; two i)lackish oblicpic lines; lirst line near

520

tlic base, .slightly zigzag; second in the middle, islightly retracted near the
costa of the fore wings; a black point in the disk. Fore wings acute;
exterior border slightly angular in the middle. Ilind wings with the exterior
border acutely bidcutate in front.

"Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 18 lines.

"«. North America. From Mr. Carter's collection."

AZELINA Gnenee. Plate 6, fig. 12

(Jonodoiiliii Hub. (iu ii;irt), Saiuml. Exot. .ScLiiii., ii, 180G.

Hiibu. (iu l);irt), Vera., 287, 1818.
Jzelliia Guen., Phiil., i, 150, IS.W.

Walk., List Lop. Het. Br. Miis., xx, 185, 1860.

Head square in front. Antennas simple, finely ciliated. Body rather
stout; abdomen of the male ending in a broad tuft. Fore wings falcate,
broad, the costa straight, until near the apex it becomes much curved and
the apex is acutely falcate, and below there are three well-marked teeth, the
third on the second median venule ; below this the edge is entire. Ilind
wings angular, with three small teeth, of which the central one is the largest.
Venation: costal vein free tVoin the subcostal; six subcostal venules, the
first two very long and equal in length. No subcostal cell. The posterior
discal venule oblique and bent. Hind tibifc not swollen, no longer than the
tarsi.

The simple, thickened, slightly-ciliated male anteinue, pilose thorax,
and finely dentate wings separate this genus from Sclenia.

Synopsis of the Species.

Keiklish or umber brown ; baiul iu tbo uiiildle of the fore wings but slightly darker than

the re.st of the wing ^- Mbnerata.

Liglit ash-colored, with a narrow median reddish-brown band, very distinct from the rest

of the wiug -=!• bckrmsata.

AzELiNA hObneeata Gucn(^e. Plate 11, J, fig. 58; 9, fig. 59.

tluiwiloiith nurctarin lliibu., Samml. Exot. Schni., ii, 180G (not aiiala Cram., _/('(/<; Guen.).

lliibu., Verz., -.^87, 1818.
Azelina hiibiieraria Guen., Phal., i, 159, 18.57.

Walk., List L(;p. Hot. 15r. Mus., xx, 186, 1800.

10 S and 10 9. — Reddish-brown, ni()n>, or less strigated with dark
brown. Fore wings with the inn(!r line consisting of tiirec scallops, the
first bcintr usually a straight oiiliijue line, cxlcndiiig from the costa out-

521

wai'd to ihr iiii(l(ll<' (il llic iliscal space, lliciicc cmNiiij,' inward (in to \Ue
iiHvliau vein, the nc.xl puinl sitnalcd on the internal vein. A wliile, rnrved,
linear, diseal s]iol. 'i'iie outer line is sliijfbllv ol)rM|iie, nearly parallel svitli IIk^
outer edge, with a deep reijular enrve inward lietwcen the iii'sl median
venule and the sui)niediau I'old. This line is usually siiaded with dark or
reddish-hrow 11 on the inside, and sometimes the entiin' middle ol'ihe wint^ is
dark brown. IJeyond the c.xtradiscal line, the wintr !■< paler and clearer,
sumetinK's the strigic arc collected into a iiiint, diU'use, snhmarginal hand.
Hind wings a little paler than the anterior pair, with a whitish exiradiscal
line, shaded with dark scales on the inside, and curved outward in the suh-
mediaii s[)ace. JJeyond this line near the inner angle are scattered dark
specks, sometimes forming a short, diil'use l)and. Along the edge of the.
wing arc five distinct l)lack dots, becoming larger toward the inner angle;
the tit'th one is situated just in i'ront oi' the largest tooth in the middle of the
wing. Beneath. i)o1h wings nniforndy reddish or umber-brown, with no
lines. TIh; diseal dot on the ihvv. wings is twice as larg(! as on the hind
wings, white, couspicnous ; ou the hind wings are faint traces of the c.xtra-
discal liiH', especially apparent toward the inner edge. The diseal dot is
large, oval, black, edged with white. The marginal black dots are present,
beneath.

Length of body, <^, 0.70-0.80, 9, 0.65; of Ibre wings, cT, 0.75-0.90,
9, 0.75; expanse of wings, 1.70-1.80 inches.

Montreal, Canada (Caulfield) ; Brunswick, Me. (Packard) ; Boston
(Sanborn) ; West Farms, N. Y. (Angus) ; Philadelphia, Pa. (Amer. Knt.
Soc.) ; Missouri (Riley) ; Glencoe, Nebraska (Dodge) ; Lawrence, Kans.
(Snow) ; California (Edwards and Behrens) ; Santa Barbara, Cal. (Harford).
This species is very variable. Li the Eastern States, it is often uudjcr-
brown as well as reddish-brown. The Pacific-coast specimens are larger
than the eastern (the fore wing of a Californian male measuring 0.90, of a
Massachusetts male 0.75 inch). The two Santa Barbara males are smaller
than usual in Pacitic-coast specimens, and paler, and seem to be distinct from
A. behrennata.

AzELiNA BEHRENSATA Packard. Plate 11, fig. fiO.

AzcHna bchrinsaria, Pack., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, :!S(>, 18T1.

S. — Closely allied structurally with A. hiilmerata. Ash granite-gray.
Head and body irranite-gray. abdomen darker; a dark line on the hinder

522

edge of each abdominal segment; thorax very hairy, with a prominent median
crest. A l)roa(l, fawn-colored, brown band in the middle of the fore'wings,
limited by flic inner and ontcr line, wjiich are dark black-brown and very
distinct; inner line curved jnst below the costa, and slightly sinuate below
the median vein ; outer line sinuate as in kubnerata, having a deep curve
inward in the middle of the wing, and another near the inner edge, and
oblique on the costa. Beyond this line, the wing is ash-gray as at the base,
with a large, oval, diffuse, iiiwn-ljrown spot, extending from near the internal
angle to the middle of the wing. Edge of the wing a little darker than next
to the outer line; a dark line at the base of the fringe. In the hind wings,
which are pale ash-gray, the single outer line is nearer the outer edge than
in A. hiibnerata, and is a little more sinuate. Base of the fringe lined with
black, and four black, difiuse, intervenous spots, very unlike the large
distinct ones of ^. hiibnerata. On the fore wings, a large,- curvilinear, white,
discal dot, lined within with black scales. Beneath, uniformly pale-ash ;
discal dot more diffuse than above, with a black dot within.

Length of body, 0.65; of tore wing, 0.73; expanse of wings, 1.50
inches.

California (Behrens).

At once known by the broad fawn-brown central band on the fore
wings, contrasting with the pale granite ash-gray of the rest of the wings and
body, and by the clear, large, discal dot. Antennae a little slenderer than in
hiibnerata.

Desiderata.

Gonodontl)< peplaria Hul)ner and Geyer, Zutr. Exot. Schm., 27, figs. 709,
710, 1832.

Jzf'/iwrt.'' 0a/m«H« Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 187, 1860 —
"Male. Brownish cinereous. Frontal tuft prominent. Third joint of the
palpi very minute. Antemise moderately pectinated, simple toward the tips.
Thorax slightly crested. Abdomen extending beyond the hind wings.
Wiiigs slightly and minutely speckled with black. Fore wings subfalcate,
with a straight oblique blackish-brown exterior line, which is concise on
the outer side l)ut very difliise on the inner side; a blackish-brown streak
extending oldiquely outward to the disc from the basal part of the costa ;
exterior border with two slight angles. Hind wings with a slight line, which

(•()rit'S[i(iii(ls lu tlic liiic III the; liirc wiiiiis, and is olisolclr in I'lonl ; cxlciior
bonlor disfiiictly iuigiilar, \\ilh two hiiulward sulnii:ui:iiial black jmiiits.
Loiititli ol'lntdy 7 lines; ofwiiijis 1;") lines. East Florida."

Tl)is is a valid species, and a line Azeliva. It is lignred at plate 13, lig.
56. It may jirove to Ite a variety <.)( Azcllna Imhnerata.

Azelina ldarkt^x\\k.,\A>^\ Lep. Ilet. Y,\: i\Ius.. x.xxv, lo4s, l.S(i(i.—
"jl/c//fi. Cinereous, with a sli^jlit tini^e ot" ochraceous, the latter hue most;
prevalent on the under side. Head and fore jiart ot" the thorax ("awn-color.
Palpi porrect, slender, pnliescent, (extending a little lieyond the head ; third
joint, very minute. Anlenna' broadly i)cctinated to tin; tips. AbdonuMi not
extending beyond the hind wings; apical tuft small, compressed. Wings
minutely and transversely brown-streaked ; a broad undulating greenish-
brown band which contains a dark brown line; the latter forms an outward
angle in each wing and is purple-bordered on the outer side; a blackish
point on the inner side ot" the line; marginal festoon brown; under side with
ochraceous streaks, and with an undulating rosy line, which in the hind wings
and in the hind part ot" the ("ore wings is broadly bordered with white on the
outer side. Fore wings rectangular at the tips ; basal |)art nu)stly greenish
brown; exterior border very slightly angular in the middh;. Hind wings
with the tore part of the exterior border undulating.

"Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

"rt. North America. From Mr. Carter's collection.''

Azelina stygiaria Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xxxv, 1548, 18GG. —
^'^ Male. Blackish, cinereous beneath. Palpi pilose, rather stout, slightly
ascending, hardly extending beyond the head; third joint extremely short.
Antennae very minutely serrated. Ab(U)mcn not extending beyond the hind
wings; some small tufts along each side; apical tuft subquadrate. Legs
slender. Wings broad, minutely black-speckled; a broad cinereous marginal
band; exteiior border acutely angular in the middle, ("e.siooned in front;
under side with a whitish zigzag postmedial line, and with a mark in the disk,
which mark is whitish in the fore wings and black in the hind wings. Fore
wings very acute, with two black undulating lines; first line antemedial,
retracted and more consi)icuous towards the costa; second postmedial dilluse
on the inner side, very concist^ on tin* outer side; a slender obliipie white
streak in the disk l)etwe('n the lines. Hind wings dark cinen.'ous, which

524

luic is divided Iroiii the paler marginal Ijaiid by a Ijhukish slightly undulating
line ; three black marginal dots and two black submarginal points, the latter
nearer than the former to the costa.

"Length of the body 7^ lines; of the wings 20 lines.

"«. North America. J'rom Mr. Carter's collection."

"SELENIA Hiibner. Plate 6, fig. 17.

Sclrnia Iliibn., Vcr/,., •Z'J-i, 181H.

Envomos Treits. (iu part), Schni. Eiir., vi (i), 3, 1827.

Diip. (in pari), Lep. Frauce, vii (iv), 136, 1820.
Gcomcira Steph. (iu part), Nonienel. Br. Ins., 43, 1829.
Ennomon Boisd. (iu part). Gen. Intl., 182, 1840.

Dup. (in part), Cat., 218, 1844.
Selinla H.-Sch. (iu part), Sclim. Eur., iii, 4G, 1847.
Odoptcia Stepb. (iu part). Cat. Br. Lep., I<i5, 18&0.
fiihiiin Lederer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wien, 176, 1853.
Gueu., Phal., i, 100, 18u7.
Walk., List L' p. Het. Br. Mns., xx, 181, 1860.

Head much as in Endropia, but with the frontal scales projecting more
between the palpi, which are large and stout, extending as far beyond the
front as in Endropia, but with the joints less distinct; the third joint a little
depressed. Male antennae heavily pectinated, as in Endropia; in the female
simple. Thorax thick, hairy. Fore wings witli the costa sinuous, falcate;
outer edge with a large conspicuous angle, and serrate in front of and behind
it, a little excavated below the apex. Hind wings distinctly serrate and
dentate, with no prominent angle in the outer edge; they reach slightly
beyond the tip of the abdomen. Venation: much as in Endropia, the costal
vein free ; the first and second subcostal venules free, equal in length, the
third unusually short, the fit\.h rather short. No subcostal cell; the anterior
discal venule short and much curved ; the posterior one very obhque. Hind
legs with the tibia3 scarcely swollen, and the tarsi large and as long as the
tibiae. The abdomen is ratiier stout. Coloration: ochreous-brown, tinged
on the costa, along tlie extradiscal line, and on the under side with violet.
Fore wings with three j)arallel lines.

In this genus, Ijesidcs its peculiar style of coloration, tlie fixlcate wings
and serrate outer edge, the hind til)i;B are not swollen as in Endropia, and
the hairs on the front project more, while the posterior discal venule is
remarkably oblique. It is more nearly related to Endropia than any other,
and, as in tliat genus, thc^ wings of the female are broader and a little more
taleatc than in tlie male.

525

Synopsis of flic sj)rr/f's.

Hind wings slij;litly deutiito S. alripluaria.

Hind wings distinctly dentate S. ketitaria.

Selenia Ai.t'U'HEAiliA Wulkor. Plate! 12, Hir. 27.

Sdenia ahiphiaria Walk., List Lep. Ilct. lir. Mns., xx, 184, lt-()l).

2 (f . — Oclircous; wliitiisli on the costa ; front and middle of prolliorax
lifilit gray ; edges of front ochreoiis ; palpi very stout, long, porrccf, extending
llir Iteyond the front ; tips very eonieal, paler; ant(!iin;e dark oelireons, with
stout, dark pectinations; for(! wings with two brown lines, the inner nearly
straight, enlarged upon tlm costa; a Itroad, mesial, diii'iise. lirownish, indis-
tinct shade common to both wings; discal dot nearly obsolete; tlx; ontei' lint;
is i)rown, curved slightly inwafd, straight and enlarged on tin; costa; a sid)niar-
gino-a[)ical, waved, l)rown line, winch does not extend to the mesial angle,
bordered on the inside with cinereous; outer edge dark ochreous, with fer-
ruginous scales; entire wing strigated with ferruginous; costal half pale
whitish ; fringe white between the points ; on the secondaries no i)rown linear
bands as on the fore wings ; outer half of the wing brigliter ochreous than
toward the base. Beneath, a common, whitish, slightly purjdish line, very
slightly sinnate ; the mesial, common, diffuse band is also present; discal
dots white, angular, diffusely grayish on the outer line, and beyond are a tew
grayish scales, which extend on to the mesial angle, while ai)ove and ]>eIow
the border is ferruginous.

Length of the body, S, 0.52; of fore wing, <f , 0.72; expanse of wings,
1.90 inches.

Hudson Bay Territory (Coll. Grote); Alaska (Behrcns).

This form differs from iS. violasce.ns in not being violaceous al)ove, though
slightly so beneath; the two lines are much more distinct and not edged with
paler tints, and the hind wings above are not lineated nn'sially. It may also
be recognized by the hind w ings beneath having the outer line straight, while;
the pectinations of the antennas are black. The two species are readily dis-
tinguished by the inner line in the present species being straight, while in
kentarla it is bent at nearly right angles, and in the latter the hind wings
are distinctly serrate.

520

Selenia kentaria. Plate 12, fig. 26.

PcrkaUia kentaria Orotic and Rob., Traus. Amcr. Eut. Soc, i, I'i, i>l. 1, iig. 5, 1867.

2 J and 1 9 . — Bright ochreous, with the costal half of the wing subvio-
laceoiis between the brown lines ; a mnch-curved line, tenuiuating at the
same distance from the base on both the costa and the hind edge ; a mesial
4ine, t)btusely angulated below the costa, straight from the hind edge to the
median nervure ; a third outer line, straight to the obscure angle just before
the costa, and on the edge turned obliquely outward; this line is margined
for nearly the whole of its length externally wdth a subviolaccous hue, throw-
ing off an oblique line toward tlie hind angle. An apical line, once angulated
inward, goes to the indented outer border; beyond, deep ochraceous; fringe
darker at base, narrowly lined with silvery. Hind wings concolorous with
the fore wings; a mesial, difluse, brown line, and the outer one subviolaccous.
Beneath, base of fore wings violaceous ; costa at base ochreous ; inner line
nearly obsolete, middle line dark, outer violaceous line very distinct, the apical
line connected with it and inclosing an ochreous spot; hind wings ochreous;
a mesial, darU, blackish, narrow line on the discal space ; an outer, narrow,
violaceous line, with spots on the base and hind edge; body ochreous; legs
broadly banded with violaceous.

Length of body, S, 0.50, 9, 0.55; of fore wing, <?, 0.70, 9, 0.78;
expanse of wings, i.J^O-i.GO inches.

Mount Washington, N. II., July (Morrison); Brookline, Mass., July 29
(Shurtleff); Seekonk, Mass. (Mrs. Brigham); Lawrence, Kaus. (Snow).

Certain larger individuals ditiier in some respects, and I describe them
as follows :

Ochreous; head very hairy, the gray hairs of the front extending as far
as the tips of the palpi, which are ochreous. Antennte white, with darker
pectinations. Thorax pale ochreous ; wings bright ochreous at base and along
tile outei'nuirgin ; middle three-fourths of wing whitish-gray, especially toward
the costa; a basal, brown, curved line, widening toward the costa; the extra-
discal and outer diffuse line converging in the discal space, separating on the
costa where they thicken; beyond, a broad, whitish, difiuse shade; near the
apex a long whitish s. Margin bright ochreous, dusted like the whole wing
with brown; fringe brown, with white between the points; secondaries pale,
(lull on th(' inner half, oelireoiis on the outer Ixinler; a mesial (k)ul)le line sep-
arating on the middle, then converging on the first subcostal nervule, and then

527

soparaling slightly on tlm cosla ; beyond palor, and a sidtniarginal paler band ;
discal dot clear whilisii. Benealli, whitish, with smoky strigje ; base and onfer
edge brigiit ochreous ; tlie smoky diliiise liands distinct, the extradiscal oni;
inclosing the lirighl. very dislinci, wiiile, lunate, discal dol, w liich is slia(h'(l
cxternallv witii tnscous-()chi(M)ns, making a |)a1ch iuchuhd Ix'tween Ihc Iwo
lines; a broad wliilish band; the s reacdies the middle point of the winy and
connects with the broad whitish l)and ; secondaries white on the costa and
tile inner margin, at the base between, bright ochreous, concoloroiis with tiie
outer border; a broad, ferruginous, mesial band inclosing the lunate, silvery,
discal spot; the line is bonUired with whitish, and there is a second parallel
interrupted line.

Length of body, 0.C2 ; of fore wing, 0.86 ; expanse of wings, 1.85 inclies.
• Jamaica Plains, Mass. (W. Faxon); Mass. State Coll. (Sanborn); Penn-
sylvania (Clemens); Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef).

EUGONIA Hiibner. Plate 6, tig. 7.

Eugoma IliUiii. (in part), Verz., J91, 1818.
EnnomoK Ticits., Scbni. Eur., vi (i), :i, 1827.

Dup., Lep. Frauce, vii (iv), ISO, 1829.
(icometra Steph. (in part), Nouiencl. Br. lus., 43, 1829.
" Odoptn-a .Sodoff., Hull. Soc. Imp. Sc. Moscow, 16, 18;?7."
Ennomus Boi.sd. (iu part), Gon. lud., 182, 1840.

Dup., Cat., 218, 1844.
Euijoma H.-Sch., Schm. Eur., iii, 40, 1847.
Odoplera StepU. (iu part), Cat. Br. Lep., 1()5, 1850.
Eugoma Luderer, Verb. Bot. Zool. Ges. Wien, 17.5, 1853.
EnnomoK Gueu., Ph.al., i, 173, 1857.

WiUk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., kx, 204, 18G0.

Body very stout and hairy or moderately stout. Head rather sunken in
the body, squarish in front, with long hairs projecting more than usual in a
tuft-like projection. Palpi stout and bushy, long, pf)rrect, not ascending,
extending well in front of the head; the third joint rather large, but
partially concealed by the hairs of the second joint, or {subsignaria) huig,
slender, and quite free from the second joint, and as long as the latter joint
is wide. Male antennae very heavily pectinated to the tip, the i)ranches still
and regular; those of the female with pectinations as long as the antennai
are thick. Fore wings with the costa straight; the apex much rounded, very
falcate; the outer edge deeply excavated and serrate below the apex; the
angle on the first median venule is unusually large and rounded, i)elow whi( h
the margin is again excavated and scalloped. Hind wings scalloped and

528

angiilalfd in tlie siiinewiiv. Venation: tiie costal region is very narrow; the
costal vein anastomoses witli the subcostal vein; there is no subcostal cell;
the anterior discal venule is short and regularly curved, the posterior one
very obhque. • The hind tibiee are but slightly swollen, the tibiae large, long,
and thick. Coloration : either deep ochreous, with the basal and extradiscal
lines more or less obsolete, or white [subsignariu) and immaculate.

This genus is readily distinguished by the full, hairy, projecting front,
the long, porrect palpi, the heavily-pectinated male antennae, those of the
female being also pectinated, l)y the deeply-scalloped wings, and the hairy
body.

Larva. — The body is rather thick; head laige and round; a spine in
the middle and near the end of the body ; sometimes the body is thickest
near the end of the body. Pupae pale in color, situated between leaves.

Si/nopsix of (he Species.

Pure white ; wings entire E. sutsignaria.

Oclireons-yellow ; wiugs entire E. almaria.

EuGONiA SUBSIGNARIA Packard. Plate 12, fig. 29; plate 13, fig. 1, larva.

Endalimia sithsigmiiia Hiibn., Samml. Exot. Schm., ii, 1806.
Eiiiivmos subsiynuihi Ouen., Plial., i, 181, 1807.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Brit. Mns., xx, 2 09, 1860.
Giomctra mveosericearia Jones, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., 1, 31, 1861.
Eiiiiamos aidDsiyiiarkt Pack., (inide to Study of Insects, 321, fig. 248; pi. 8, fig. 6, larva, 1869.

4 J and 2 9. — Wings entire in the male, in the female dentate. Entire
body and legs unilonnly snow-white, x^ntennse with white scales; pectina-
tions testaceous.

Length of body, i, O.GO, 9, U.60 ; of foie wing, c^, O.GO-72, 9, 0.83;
expanse of wings, l.(J0-1.7U inches.

At once known by the snow-white body and wings, angulated fore
wings, and notched hind wings.

London, Canada (Saunders); Northern Maine, August (Packard);
Salem, Mass. (Emerton) ; Campton, N. H., August (Walker) ; Albany, N. Y,
(Lintner and Meske) ; New York City (James Kimball); West Farms,
N. Y. (Angus) ; "Nova Scotia" (Walker).

Larva. — The caterpillar closely resembles the twigs of the elm-trees,
on lh<; leaves ol' which it live.s, the body being brown, while the large head
and terminal segment of the body is briolit red. A writer in the "Practical
Entomologist" (vol. i, p. .i")?) states that the caterpillars are hatched as soon as

the leaves uiilold, and live mi(»l)serve(l lor a week oi' sd in (lie vonii" sliools
in the tree-t()])s. and when hall'-;; row n are seen ( raulinif al)oiit the Iree.
Toward (he end ol" .Inne lhe\ pnjiate, and in ahonl a week alter (he moth
apjiears. It is viry deslrnctive on the elm in New York and I'iiiladelphia.

EuGONiA ALNIARIA lUibner. Plate ii', tiu. 28; plate l.'i, lii:. 1 <t, |inpa.

I'lialaiiu-diomilm ahi'iiirid Linn., Svst. Nat., e<lit. x, .M'J, 17.'>S; Faun. Snco., Mill, IT Hi.
" (Itomrtra liliaria lioikli., Knr. Sdnn., v, .*7, 17iM."
Euijoniu alniaria Iliibn., Vimz., '.iill, ISl.s.
Eiinomoa liliaria Treits., .Sclini. Eur., vi (ii). 'i!K"), IS-Jrt.
Diip., Lcp. Frauiu-, vii (i\ ), li->, \Hi>'J.
(leonutrii {iliiiaria Stcpli., Nonicncl. V>v. In.s., ■11), IH'J'.I.

Stcpli., 111., i i, 1(14, ISIil.
Ediioiiioh tilinrid and aliiiariii ISoisd., Clcn. liid., IH'.i, 1H)I).
Dnp., Cat.. •21'.), 1.S44.
ll.-Scb., Sclitn. Enr., iii, 41, 1S47.
Oiloplira aliiiariti .'ind liliaria .SIcpIi., Cat. lir. Li'|i., IC).'), IH.'iO.
Ennomos miujnaria (JniiU., Plial., i, 174, 1H57.
Eiiiiomox (ihiiurid (incn., Phal., i, 17."i, 18.">7.

Walk., List Lep. Met. Rr. Mn.s., xx, '^Uo, IHIJO.
Eiinomo'i iimt/iinria Walk., Li.st Lcp. Hit. lir. Mus., xx, 209, 1860.

Delicate ocher-vtdlow, with a reddish tinge toward the edge of the
wings, and on the head and front of the thorax. Fori' wings with two lines,
often internipted, or only developed on the costa ; inner line on tin; inner
third of the wing; the cnrvcd onter line, beginning near the inner, diverges
and follows a sinuate course, ending much nearer the ajjex than the inner
line, the distance varying; botli wings speckled, sometimes thickly, with
utuisnally large spots; outer edge of both wings deeply excavated, especially
opposite the second median venule. On the iiind wings, no lines; an obscure
discal dot centered with a short translucent line. Beneath, much as above,
but no lines, except in one case a diifuse dark line crosses the hind wings.
(The female ditFers in the usual characters of the dentated forms.) Fringe
dark, whitish in the notches on both wings.

Length of l)o(ly, ^, 0.80, 9, 0.65; of fore wing, <} , O.flO-l.OS, 9, 0.9")-
1.05; expanse of wings, 2.00-2.20 inches.

Northern Maine and Brun.swick (I'ackard) ; Portland, Me. (Morse) ;
Salem, ^lass. (True and Einerton) ; Cambridge (Putnam); Albany, N. Y.
(Lintncr and Meske) ; West Farms, N. Y. (Angus) ; New Jersey (Sachs) ;
Saint Louis, Mo. (Riley) ; Montreal and Nova Scotia (Walker).

The species varies considerably in the distance apart of the two lines
on the tore wings, and in the degree of spotting. Our si)ecimens do not
apparently differ from Knropean one.s.
07 1' n

580

Regarding tlie early stages of this species, ^fr. L. W. Goodell writes
me as follows: "The eaterpillar was taken at Amherst, Mass., on the
chestnut, Aug. I'Olli; it was ol' a l)hiisii-green color, with a thick wrinkle on
each ring, tlioscM)n the tilth anil eighth thickest and light brown; on the back
ol' the eleventh ring are two little warts tipped with brown. When fully grown
.it nieasnred two inches and 1 hree-tenths of an inch in length, the body largest
luiar the tail and tapering to the head. Aug. 21sl, it drew a few leaves together,
and spun a thin, silky, pear-shaped cocoon, l)ecanie a chrysalis the 24ti), and
was traiislin ined to a moth Sept. 13th. The chrysalis was one inch and two-
tenths of an ini-li in length and bluish-white in color, ending in a flattened
tail, tipped with l)lack, and on each edge three small black spines, each
ending with a minute hook." The pu[)a is represented on plate IM, fig. 1 a.

Feeds (»n the black Inrch ; of the color of the twig, dull brownish-
red, speckled considerably, and especially above, with (firty-white specks,
arranged very frequently in lines, either longitudinal on the sides or curved
forward above and becoming transverse. Head a little paler than the body;
labrum and feet at base whitish. On the posterior portion of the fifth, and
eigiith segments above, there is a transverse paler ridge bordered with black.
Length two inches. It forms a cocoon by spinning in the midst of a bunch
of leaves a close and firm cocoon of a bluntly fusiform shape, having a long
neck extending above and below (it hangs perpendicularly) to the end of the
many threads ; open at both ends by an aperture about one-tenth of an inch
in diameter. — (8. H. Scudder.)

Desid('?-afa.

Ennomos amcisaria Walk., List Lep Het. ]5r. ]\[us., xxxv, 1551, 1866. —
'■'■ Male. Pale yellow. Palpi stout, squamous, obliquely ascending, not rising
higher than the vertex; third joint extremely minute. Antenna? broadly pec-
tinated nearly to the tips Ai)domen hardly extending beyond the hind wings;
apical appendages rather large. Hind tibiae jncrassated. Wings ample, with
a broad antemedial dull ochraceous line, which is darker and more complete
in the hind wings, and is still darker on the under side; a black point in the
disk; a broad ferruginous marginal band, which includes an acute streak,
the latter proceeding from the costa of the fore wings ; the baud bordered
on the inner side beneath by a festooned blackish line. Fore wings sub-
falcate, acute ; a ferruginous basal patch, which does not extend to the costa;

exterior Ijonler very sliglitly Itcii) in tin' middle. Hind wini/s with ilie
exterior border dentate ; the i)iind hcneath (■(nitiuninir a vrllow costal patcli-

"Lengtli ol' the Ixxly K) lines: dI' the winirs ■J4 liin's.

'■'a. North America. From .Mr. Carter's collection."

Eunonios luttu'td \\A\\., List Lep. llct. \\r. !\Iiis., \\\\. \')')1. lS(j(i. —
"Male. Pale ochraeeoiis, stout. Head and thorax densely |iilosc. Palpi
jjorreet, pilose, moderately stout, cxtemiini: a little iicyomi the head: third
joint elongate-conical, hardly one-third of the lenuth of llie second. An-
tenna' very sliiihtly pectinated. Ahdonien much shorter than the interior
border of the iiind wings. Legs ratlier short. Wiiiirs ami)le, thinly l)lackish-
specklcd, tinged with ferruginous along tlii' exterior hurder; disk luMieatli
with a small whitish l)lackish-l)or(lered mark. Fore wings sid)falcat(;, hardly
acute; a blackish out ward-curved lineneartlie base: another blackish slightly
outward-curved line, extending irom lour-Htths of the length of the costa
to the interior border at somewhat bct()re the middle of the latter; exterior
border forming a prominent much rounded angle at rather in front of the
middle. Hind wings with the exterior l)order dentate, the middle tooth
much more prominent than the others; under side with a broad blackish
antemedial line.

" Length of the body 8 lines ; of the wings 30 lines.

"a. North America. From Mr. Carter's collection."

CABERODES Guenee. Plate 6, tigs. L5, IG.

Eudalimia Hiibu. (iu pan), Veiz., '281), 1818.
t'abcroiks Guen., Phal., i, l',i'>, 1857.

Walli., List Lep. Hot. Br. Mus., xx, 160, 1860.

Body rather slender. Head rather broad in front and short, being
squarish. Palpi rather large and broad, slightly ascending, extending well
in front of the head, though not so far as in Eugonia. ^lale antennse very
broadly pectinated, the pectinations long and leaving the end simple. Wings
very broad. Fore wings with the costa rather more convex than usual; the
apex rectangular: outer edge regularly bent in the middle, neither excavated
nor scalloped. Hind wings full and rounded, extending a little beyond the
end of the abdomen. Venation: the costal region moderately broad ; costal
vein usually anastomosing with the subcostal (free in cen-'mariu), a long, nar-
row, subcostal cell (wanting in cerrinaria). The discal veins are transverse,
the h)wer one not oblique, regularly curved. Hind legs with the tibiie moder-

5;52

atcly swollen; tarsi lari>c, two-fhinls as long as the tiljipe. Coloration: ash-
gray, witii the extradiscal line straight, bent before reaching the costa.
Discal spots distinct.

This gen US' ditfcrs from Eugonla or Tetyacis in the entire, broad, non-
falcate wings, with the single bend in the middle, nearly obsolete in cervi-
naria, which is rather an aberrant species.

Synoj)sis of the Species.

Very small; fawu-color; liue on the hiud wings considerably curved C. cervinaria.

Two oblique costal brown streaks between the basal and outer liue ('. caijetiiiaria.

Of large size ; pale ochreous ; extradiscal liue straight ('. cotifusaria.

Still larger; pale ash-ochreons; extradiscal liue shaded with dark externally C. majoraria.

C'aberodes cervinaria Packard. Plate 12, tig. 34.

Cuhcrodis cervhiuria Pack., Fifth Kep. Peab. Acad. Sc, 81, 1873.

2 9 . — Head and palpi ochreous, much lighter than the rest of the body.
This belongs to a distinct section of the genus, the apex of the wings being
acute, but the angle in the middle obsolete; otherwise the markings are as
usual in the genus. Body and wings fawn-colored, being much darker than
in any other species. Both wings uniformly fawn, with fine dark speckles.
On ti)re wings between the two lines darker, with a large distinct discal dot,
the two lines blacki.sh, fine, the inner curved, especially toward the costa ;
in the other specimen much less curved. Outer line slightly oblique,
less so than usual, ending on the costa farther from the apex than usual,
in tact being just parallel to the outer edge of the wing; it is a little sinu-
ate; the distance between the lines varies, the space being half as wide in
some as in others. Fringe concolorous with the wings. Hind wings a little
darker inside of (he line tiian outside; the line is as on the fore wings and
considerably curved. A very faint discal dot. Beneath uniformly fawn-ash,
being ligliter than ai)ovc; the lines are obsolete, but the median shade on
the fore wings faintly appears through, and the discal dots are small l)ut dis-
tinct; the wings are regularly and finely speckled.

Length of body, 9, 0.33; of fore wing, 9, 0.50; expanse of wings,
1.00 inch.

Texas, May 8 (Belfrage).

It may l)e known by the fiiwn-colored wings, the median shade bounded
by dark lines, and by the outer line ending on the co.sta much farther from
th(! apex, and not bent back on the costa as usual in the genus. The vena-
tion of this peculiar species is represented on plate 6, fig. Id'.

53

o

Caueuodks cayknnakia I'ackiinl. I'liitt; 11, fig. 53. •

Jpicia cayciiiiai-Ki Gneii., I'hivl., i, 82, platii ">, iijjs. 2, :!, 18.")".

3 d and 1 9. — i\Iale aiiU'iuuc very licavily pectiualeil. Hody and wings
jiale fawn-brown, nuicli as in C. co>iJ'ut<aria ; head and thorax ol' llu; same
color. Fore wings with a pale hasal line edged externally, especially
toward the costa, with brown; this line is lirni, but Itent at right angles in
the middle of the wing. Di.'scal dots on l)oth wings minute, l)lack. Just
ai)ove the dot on the for(! wings is a very oblicjue, brown, ('o.stal line, Hiding
awav i)i'low the subcostal vein. 'I'he extradiscal line is linn and even, bent
acutely, sending its angle near the apex of the wing; abov(! the angle is a
dark costo-apical spot ; the line is narrow, brown, shaded externally with
whitish. The wing is paler between the discal dot and angle of this line
than elsewhere. Beyond the line is a series of four or five smoky blotches,
growing smaller toward the apex of the wing. Hind wings concolorous
with the fore wings; but a single, faint, linear, brown line, shaded with
whitish. Beneath marked with yellow, freckled with brown; hind wings a
littli' paler. The lines are brown, but distinct; the extradiscal one; forked
on the apex of the tore wings; the wings beyond the extradiscal line are
discolored with dull brown, or there is a series of large dusky patches
instead, better marked toward the apex of the wing, but wanting in the
single female.

Length of body, <?, 0.55, 9, 0.45; of fore wing, J, 0.G2, 9, 0.58;
expanse of wings, 1.25 inches.

Dallas, Tex. (Boll) ; Texas, July 9 (Belfrage).

This well-marked species, from the unusual style of markings, might not
be referred at first to this genus. The rectangularly-bent inner line, the
oblique streak in the middle of the costa, and the yellow under side of both
wings are sufficient to readily separate it from its congeners; in tin; fi'male,
the lines are deep Ijrown, and the fore wings more acute and falcate than in
the male.

This is certainly a Cuhcrocks. It was labeled Aplcia cayennaria by
Professor Zeller, and does not seem to ditier from Guen^e's figure and
description. Guende's genus Apicia seems to me not to be well limited.

534

CAI3ER0DES coNFUSARiA GueiK^c. Plate 12, figs. 30, 31.

Eii«arca confimnria Hiibii., Exot. Scbm., i,1606.

EiidalimUi confiisaria Hiibn., Verz., 287, 1818.

Vaha'odtx mctiocamparia Giieu., Pbal., i, 137, 1857.

Cabcrodes remismria Gueu., Phal., i, i:'>7, 1857.

Cabcrodes imbraria Gueu. ! I !, Phal., i, 137, 1857.

Caberodes suiicntria Gueu. ! ! !, Pbal., i, 138, 1857.

Cahtrodes phdniaiiaria Gueu. ! I !, Pbal., i, 140, pi. 3, fig. 10, 1857.

Cuberudfs melrocanqiaiia Walk. ! ! !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., sx, 167, 1860.

Cabcrodes rimissaria Walk. ! !!, List Lep. Het. Br. Mns., xx, 108, 1860.

Caberodes imbraria W^alk.!!!, Li.st Lep. Het. Br. Mns., xx, 168, 1860.

Cabcrodes nxpcraria Walk. ! ! !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., sx, 168, 1860.

Cahtrodes floridaria Walk.!!!, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 1C9, 1860.

Caberodes cotifusuria Walk. ! ! !, List Lbp. Het. Br. Mris., xx, 169, 1860.

Caberodes phasianaria Walk.!!!, List. Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 170, 1860.

Tetrads pandaria Walk. ! ! !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 173, 1800.

12 c? fiiul 10 9. — Pale whitisli-ochreous, rather thickly speckled with
pale brown on the wiiig.s. Head, body, and wings concolorous. Fore wings
with two lines varying in distance apart, the inner thread-like, brown, regn-
larly curved, and slightly wavy, or bent on the costa and scarcely wavy (in
one specimen the line is quite diH'use and deeply scalloped). Outer line
brown, oblique, usually straight, and either obsolete before being bent
(in the costa, or bent at right angles on the costa. In two females is a
row of three or four pale Ijrown diffuse spots between the outer line and
the margin of tlie wing. Discal dot on both wings. In one male the dot
is immersed in tlie line on the hind wings, but usually on the hind wings it is
just within the line ( )ii the hind wings, the single line is more or less diffuse,
varying with the same line on the fore wings in this respect. A sligiit sinus
before the angle of the fore wings, the angle often well marked. Beneath, a
little more ochreous than above, with thicker, darker specks, the lines taintly
re])roduced, the outer line sometimes l)ifid at the costa.

Length of body, cf , 0.r)5-0.6rj, 9,0.-50-0.60; fore wing, J, 0.65-0.75,
9, 0.75-0.82; expanse of wiiii^s, 1.50-1.(;0 inches.

Montreal, Canada (Lyman and Caulfield) ; Brunswick, Me. (Packard);
Bcjstou, jMass. (Sanborn) ; Springfield, Mass. (Dimmock) ; Albany, N. Y.
(Lintner); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus); Philadelphia, Pa. (Knt. Soc.) ;
Virginia (Packard) ; Michigan (Niles) ; Detroit, Mich. (Mus. Comp. Zool.) ;
Georgia (Grote) ; "Georgia" (Abbott, Guenee) ; Florida (Walker) ; Te.xas,
May 22-25, September 20, Octol)er 4-24 (Belfrage).

A specimen from Maine is just like LiUbner's figs. 3, 4, 9 ; the
l)an(l bent back on to tlie costa, while usually tin; bend is wanting in the

535

female, as seen in liis liir. 2 ol' llic nialc. The inner line on I lie lore wing
(9) wanling in lliihner's ligiire is also wanting in some of my specimens.

This species varies eonsideralily, one Te.xan s|)eeinien wanting the inner
line, the enter com n ion line heiny iiari()\\-, and the \\ ingsare not speckled. The
most decided variation is an individual I'roiii New York (Lintner), in which
the iiinei- line is bent just helow the costa, and below goes straight to the
inner edge, ending nearer the outer line than nsual, and the line is de('])ly
scalloped. The common line is broad, and just beyond on liie fore wing are
three ditFnse ocher-brown spots, concolorous with the lines.

It differs from the other speci(>s known to me by the paler colors, the
lines sometimes not being edged with a paler tint, and the wings having a
sharper apex in the female, and in being less densely s[)eckled.

It is very common, widely distril)nted, and varies considerably, so as to
give rise to museum species based on individual differences, but all varia-
tions of Hiibner's original confiisaria. The two most aberrant forms are
those represented by figs. 30 and 31 of plate 12. Fig. 30 represents the
normal form, but without the basal line on the fore wings, which, how-
ever, is usually present. Fig. 31 represents an example from Michigan, whicdi
has a series of dark marginal blotches, and is paler than the other form,
without any light shade to the lines. This is like the figures of Hiibner.
I am inclined to think that Gruen^e's C. ineffusaria (j). 138) and C.Jloridaria
(p. 139) are varieties of confuaaria. In examining M. Guenee's type of C.
Jloridaria, I regarded it as liable to prove a variety of confu.saria. Guenee's
descrijjtion applies well to confusaria, except that he says the wings beneath
are "washed with reddish". None of the specimens yet found are washed
with any hue darker than a deep ochreous. He describes the larva of
Jloridaria as being " grayish-white on the sides, of a rust-rc-d on the back
and lieneath, these hues running together. There are neither lines nor
points, and there are not more than two tubercles, whicii are situate<l on
each side of the sixth ring. The head and feet are concolorous. It lives in
March and April on a leguminous plant, whicli I camiof recognize from the
drawing of Abbot, and whicli he names the ' Devil's shoestring'. The
chrysalis is of a clear red, with e.xtreniity much pointcnl." While this
descrijition is based on Abbot's drawing of a larva fonnd in Georgia, Guenee's
type is trom Pennsylvania. It may be found that it is the larva of co)ifusaria,
whatever may prove to be the fate of Guenee's s,\^cQ.\(t^ Jloridaria.

536

III one fenuile, received tVoni Mr. Grote and labeled " C. reiuLsmria
WalU. {Tetrads jxindaria AValk.)", which liad l)eeii compared by him with
Walker's type, the wings are mottled coarsely with dai^k brow u, and tiie
lines are heavily shaded, particularly the extradiscal, on both wings, \\ hile
the inner line on the fore wings is bent distinctly at right angles. It is
evidently but a variety {)[' coiifitsarla.

Regarding the reduction of Walker's species to synonyms, I find I have
arrived at the same conclusions as Messrs. Grote and Robinson. They say:
"The specimens registered as i Caberodes imbrario, p. 1G8, J C. super-
aria, id., i C. ineffusaria, p. 169, and c? C. Jtoridaria, id., seem to us to
belong all to C. mPtrocamparin, Gueiiee ; 9 C. remissaria is darker and
maculate, but hardly seems distinct." They add that " Tetrads pandttria
Walk, is evidently the 9 of his Caberodes remissaria, which may thus be a
distinct species".

Caberodes majoraria Guenee. Plate 12, tig. 32.

Caherodes majoraria Giien., Pbal., i, 138, IS")?.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Brit. Mus., xx, i:W, 1857.

2 (f and 1 9. — Body and wings pale ochreous, with an almost frosty
appearance. Wings well angulated ; on the hind wing a sinus just before the
angle. Apex of fore wings pointed obtusely, l)ut more prominent than usual.
Wings more densely scaled tiiau usual, being uniform on both wings. Fcu'e
wings with the inner line curved as usual, faint brown ; outer line brown, oblifpie,
very straight in its course to where it is reflected on to the costa, below which
it is broadly and diffusely shaded with brown externally, thus differing from
all the other species known to me. Hind wings with the line shaded as in the
anterior pair, bu t oidy reaching as far as the discal space. Beneath, wings tinged
with a warm ycllow-ochreous tint, costa and fringe being yellowish, as well as
the body, the legs, and also tiie veins. Botli wings uniformly clouded with
smoky specks, ronnch'd, not transverse as iir (^'. eff'cctaria. Common line very
distinct, dusky-l)rown, on the fore wings bent on the inde^jendent venule, on
the hind wings well curved, sinuate, and extending on to the costa.

Length of body, <^, 0.80, 9, 0.80; of fore wing, S, O.ilO, 9, O.DO ;
expanse of wings, 1.90 inches.

Massachusetts, August (Packard and Minot); 8alem, Mass., July 13
(Cassino); head of -Plum Creek, Colo., June 29 (Lieutenant Carpenter,
Hayden's Survey).

537

^^'(•ll iiuirkcd l)y tin; ;iiigiilar, pdiiilcd wings, by tlic coiiiiiioii line hc'mg

dilliisc cxtcnnilly, niid hononlli i'onniiig a very distinct iliisky line, reaching to

tlio costa in hotli wings, and on tlic hind wings ninch nioic cnrvctl than in

any other species.

Desiderata.

Caberodes interlineuna Gucn.. I'lial., i, 140, 1857.— "S,")"""-. KHe se <li.s-
tingiie do toiites h's autres ])ar une troisienie ligne droile el ohliijne (|ni est
phicee a nioitie eiitre les denx ordinaiies dcs ailes siipt'rienrcs. An reste, I'ex-
tral)asilaire est ellc-nienie droite et oijlicjue, ef la coiidee est iin pen llcxu-
euse. L'augle des (|nat re ailes est assez l)ien marque. New York. Deux S ."

Caberodes! varadaria Walk., List, xx, 251, I860.— "il/rt/fe. Testaceous.
Palpi short, slender, pt)rrect, extending very little beyond the head; third
joint very minute. Antenina' broadly pectinated. Hind tibiii? slightly incras-
sated. Wings rather short with an exterior, nearly straight brown line,
beyond which they have a somewhat darker hue ; marginal points brown,
elongated. Fore wings somewhat rounded at the tips; exterior border slightly
convex, moderately oblique.

"Length of the i)ody 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines. Georgia."

Caberodes? agreasaria Walk., List, xx, 252, 1860, \sz=.Endropia duaria.
DREPANODES Gueiiee. Plate 6, tig. 11.

Drepanodes Guen., Phal., i, G6, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mns., xx, 69, 18G0.

Head rather narrow in front, nearly as much so as in Eutrapela, full, with
the scales close. Palpi slenderer than in Eutrapela, porrect, not ascending,
reaching a little beyond tlie front, the third joint small, l)utton-shaped. An-
tenuie heavily pectinated, the branches even, stout, ext(Miding to the tip. Pore
wings more falcate than usual, the costa l)eing unusually full toward the apex,
which is more produced than usual. Outer edge sinuous, being excavated
below the apex and full in the middle. Hind wings full ami rounded, the
outer edge very convex, neither bent nor sinuated ; they reach slightly beyond
the tip of the abdomen. Venation much as in Eutrapela, but the subcostal
cell is open. The two genera ditier from any preceding ones in the costal
region being narrow, the free end of the co.stal vein l)eing ecpial in length to
the first, second, and tfiird subcostal veins ; apical area small. The fifth sub-
costal venule is ratiier short, wliile the <liscal venules are ecpud in length and
68 p H.

538

nearly equally curved. Hind legs with the tibise very long, swollen ; the tarsi
one-half as long as the tibiae. Coloration : ochreous-brown, with a common
outer line bent at right angles just before reaching the costa of the fore wings,
but disappearii-rg on the costa of the hind wings.

The species of this genus are much smaller than those of Eutrapela, and
may be recognized by the very falcate fore wings, while the hind wiiigs are
rounded. The anteuu* are very heavily pectinated, the branches extending
(though forming simply long tubercles) to the extreme tip. The hind legs
are much as in Eutrapehi, liut tlic tarsi are a little longer. From Caherodes
it differs in tlic falcate fore wings and more heavily pectinated antennae.

Larva and pupa. — Ramiform, the body provided with a number of tuber-
cles, thus resembling the twigs of the tree on which it feeds. The head is
no wider than the Ijody, which increases in thickness toward the end of the
body. Pupa of the usual conical form, rather thick.

Sf/noi)sis of the Species.

Fore wings more acute thau iu the others ; dark, coarsely speckled D. ranis.

Fawn-browu, with a H^lit, common, extradiscal line D. jniber.

Drepanodes varus Grote and Robinson. Plate 12, figs. 36, 37.

Drepaiwttes varus Grote and Robinson!!!, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., viii, pi. 15 A, fig. 2, 9 > 18C7.
Drejkinodes aquosua Grote and Robinson !!!, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., viii, pi. 15 A, fig. 3, 9 , 1867.
Drcpanodes xcsqiiiVnu-a Grote ! ! !, Can. Ent. ii, 114, 1870.
Ihvpaiiodes juiiiprraria Pack., First Rep. Ins. Mass., 22, pi. 1, figs. 4, 5, 1871.

d — Antennte broadly pectinated ; head, 1)ody, and \\ings uniformly clear
ochreous, with scattered minute dark speckles; inner line deep ochreous, a little
diffuse, curved irregularly, somewhat angulated opposite the discal dot, which
it nearly touches, beyond which it curves straight on the costa; bek)w the angle,
it is regularly curved and sometimes sinuate. It is dark ochreous, paler
without; the outer line is slightly curved inward, and toward the tip bent
back at right angles on the costa, blackish externally, shaded broadly with
dark ochraceous within. Between the two lines the wing is clear as usual.
Discal dot l)lack, small. Wing clear lieyoiid the outer line. Toward the
inner angle, tiierc are three rounded, nebulose, dark spots, ol which the
middle one is the largest. Hind wings like the fore wings, with a single, broad,
straight line; discal dot very distinct; a diffuse cloud, scarcely divided into
distinct spots, near the angle; beyond the line, the strigse are sparingly scat-
.t(!red. Fringe with a reddish tinge. Beneath paler, especially on the sec-
ondaries. The coniiiioii liiu^ faintly re-appears; slightly reddish on hind wings,
iind blackish on fore wings ; discal dot very distinct, with scattered fine strigas.

539

Tli(;sc luiiles are recognized readily hy tlie three dark spots at (lie inner
angle of the fore wing, and the dark lines, which are" nearer the discal dot
than in females. The above description was drawn n[) from the types of
sesquilinea.

2 c? and 7 9. — Body dnll ochreoiis, with a few black scales; antenna-,
minutely annnlated with black scales. Wings marked much alike; fore
wings with two lines, the inner regulai-ly curved, terminating on the costa at
twice the distance from the base, as on the hind edge; the line is black,
ditfuse, with some subfuscous scales externally. Within are more numerous
grayish scales. Within this line, toward the costa, are numerous black
transverse scales. Discal s|tot distinct. Middle of the wing with a few
transverse striga?, especially toward iiie costa, which is, however, not thus
strigated The outer line straight, l)lack. terminating in the falcate apex
of the wing, not being bent back on the costa as usual. Tip of the
wing black; the outer line is margined broadly with gray spots ; black and
gray scales are numerous toward the inner angle of the wing, the anterior
two-thirds of the outer edge of the wings being clear. Hind wings provided
with a single straight extradiscal black line ; within the discal dot are a tew
transverse strigae, w^liile exteriorly the wing is dusky, and the scales are
grouped into transverse clouds, situated half-way between the line and the
outer edge of the wing. Outer edge rounded, scarcely angulated, clearer
toward the costa. Body l)eneath, with the legs and wings, alike thickly
strigated. The line common to both wings re-api)ears faintly; discal dots
more distinct than above.

The female may at once be known by the much curved inner line of
the fore wings, which is also deeply sinuate. (This line is sometimes ob-
solete.) The lines vary greatly in width, being l>roadest and darkest in the form
of varus figured by ]\Iessrs. Grote and l\ol)inson. In otli(>r specimens of
''varus'''' from Alul)ama, received from I\Ir. Grofc, the wings are clear and the;
lines fine. Grote and Ritbinsons type-specimen of a/jinisKs, figured liy them,
is more densely and coarsely speckled than any of the others, the outer
border of both wings being dull violacemis, motlled with l)lackish ; but T
have a specimen from Missouri which approaches this typ(>-specimcn closely.
On the other hand, I have a specimen from Massachusetts (Stra(ton), which
is intermediate between jun'iperariu and the Alabama nirus : the l()re wing
being strigated at the base and border ol" the wing, witli a dark shade Ijelow the

540

inidclle of the border, due to dark scales crowded there. Bcueatli, the width
and distinctness of the" pale outer line varies, the black border of the line
predominating in the type-specimens of Grote and Robinson, and appearing
like a black line alone. Had I the original type-specimens of Grote and
Robinson alone, I should ])robably, as they did, decide the two species to be
distinct; but more material causes me at present to unite them.

From an examination of Grote and Robinson's types kindly sent me for
examination, and with other specimens from difierent localities, I have been
led ^0 unite these (bur described species into one. My juniperaria, a single
specimen, reared and in excellent preservation, is evidently intermediate be-
tween varus and aquomis.

Length of body, c^ , 0.45-0.50, 9,0.40-0.48; of fore wing, i, 0.50-0.57,
9, 0.55-0.65; expanse of wings, 1.30 inches.

Brookline, Mass., September 20 (Shurtleff ) ; Boston, Mass. (Sanborn) ;
Natick, Mass. (Stratton) ; Newton, Mass. (Dr. G. F. Waters); Norwich,
Conn. (S. H. Scudder) ; Albany, N. Y. (Meske) ; West Farms, N. Y.
(Angus); New Jersey (Sachs); Alabama, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania
(Grote) ; Easton, Pa. (Clemens).

A careful examination convinces me that the males which I had here-
tofore regarded as distinct from varus (labeled si'squilinea by Mr. Grote) are
really the males of D. varus, of which heretofore we have only had the
females. Two female varus are so light and free from dark blotches, and
approach male sesquU'mea so closely, that I am compelled to regard them as
different sexes of the same species.

Larva. — The caterpillar of this species, var. juniperaria, is figured and
briefly described on p. 43. The pujia is also figured on plate 18, figs. .:50, 30 a.

Drepanodes PUBEi; Grote and Robinson. Plate 13, fig. 35.

Dtrpuiiuths piibcr Gioto and Koliiii.son, Aiiu. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. V., viii, pi. 15 a, lig. I, J , 1867.

3 <f and 1 9. — Pale fawn color, the wings being unusually clear, and
with very few black scales, except two black twin patches of them on the
middle near the outer edge of the wing. Head, antenntv, palpi, and body
concolorous with the wings. Fore wing with two pale, almost whitish, lines,
inner one a little less curved than usual, slightly sinuate below the median
vfin, and ai)ove not reaching very near the discal dot. Outer line bent back

541

:is usual ou tlic coslii. not cMrvcd ; posloriorlv it Iniius a wcll-drHncd pale
line, sliailcd williin willi pale lirown. The apex is clear, as llie rest of llin
wiiiir. A little lu'ldw tlie middle, liall'-way l)e1\veen tiie outer liue and tiie
edge oftiie winii', are two, I win, l)la(d\, rounded patches. Fiinixe re(hnsh-l)ro\\ n,
IxH'oinini;' hiaekish on the apex of eaid) winii;, and on the inner an^le ol' the
hind \vii)g.s. Beneath, of sanu' eohu- as aliove, l)ut tlii(l\l\ and transverselv
.speckled: the outer line only present, I'ormitiii a p;de liue. Discal dots dis-
tinct on l)oth uiuiijs, which are a little tinijed witii dull violaceous on tiie apex
and the iinier anisic The I'einale dillei's I'roiii the nialisin heini: daiker liiw u-
colur, with the pule lines narrower and less distinct, and nu)re prominently
edged with brown, while i)oth wings arc speckled beyond the outer line, and
this i)art of the wing has a grayish tinge, as also the base of the wing in.side
of the inner line.

Length of the body, i , 0.50; of fore wing, S, 0.6'(), 9, 0.G3 ; expanse
of wings, 1.2.5 inches.

It may be distinguished frou) all the other species by the pale lines, and
by the two twin dots in the middle of the outer margin ot" the fore wings,
while the wings are unusually free trom scales. P^rom nin/.s, /, it differs
in the pale lines, clear hind wings, and is less ochreous.*

Boston, ]\lass. (Sanborn) ; Philadelphia, Pa. (Grote)

Desideratum.

Dvepanodes olyz(j)Kiy\a Walk., List Lcp. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 69, 1800. —
"Female, lieddish cinereous. Hind tibiae very slightly thickened. Wings

* Drej7a)io(h's panamaria Pack., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. His'., xvi, "JO, 1874.

2 ^. — This species tliS'ers structurally in souic important characters IVoiii the more northern species
known to uie.- The wings are a little shorter, and the apex much less falcate than usual; the first sub-
costal interspace is much shorter and smaller than in D. varus and Kcxijiiilinca, and all the venules sent
ott" toward the outer edge of the wing are shorter than usual. Tho hind tibi.T; are greatly swollen,
nearly twice as nmch so as iu D. sesqitilinea, and the spurs are mnch .shorter. Antenna- broadly
pectinated, fully as much as usual. Body and wings pale yellow-ochreous, and of the same shade as
above and beneath, including tlie legs. Fore wings with traces of a narrow, basal, curved, ferruginous
line. An outer, oblique, pale-ferruginous line straight in its course (not curved as usual), .just below the
apex. On the costa, just iu front of the angle, is a geminate black spot, and another spot on the apex.
Anotlier larger spot between the first and second meilian venules, and a large round black patch on the
inner angle. Beyond the outer line, the wing is fawn-brown, and also the hind wings; the hitter are
crossed by a single, faint, narrow, ferruginous, straight line. Both w ings li.-ive scattered black speckles.
Beneath as above, except that there are no lines, h\it tho brownish nnrgins of both wings are as well
marked as above. Minute discal dots above and below on both pairs of wings. I'ore tibi.T a little
dusky.

Length of body, 0.45; of fore win^vs, 0.."0 ; expanse of wings, 1.00 inches. Panama (Kilwards).

It may bo recognized, besides its singuhir structural features, by the edge of both wings being
broadly shaded with pale fawn-brown.

Tliis descriiiticui of a Panama species of llnjwiiviliii is appended, as tlie genus and possibly this
spi-cits nia,\' ,\et occur in .Southern California.

542

UHxlcnilcly hioad, iiiiiiutcly hUick-speckled ; line blackish, straight, distinct,
ochraccoiis-honh'red on the inner side, whitish-l)i)rdered on the outer side ;
iliscal point black, niinnte; fringe ochraceons. Fore wings falcate, excavated
behind the tips, which are more speckled with black than the rest of the
wing; interior line bent, almost obsolete except towards the costa ; exterior
bordei- hardly convex. Length of the body 5? lines; of the wings 14 lines.
East Florida.''

This species is qnite near D. varus, and may prove to be a variety of it,
as I observed from an examination of Walker's type in the British Museum.

METANEMA Guenee. Plate 6, tig. 4.

Mctanrma Gncii., Plial., i, ITl, lfi.')7.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Miis., xx, 20'2, 18H0.

Head much smaller, shorter than in Tetniris and Eugonia, with the
front nearly square, narrowing .slightly anteriorly. Palpi short, small, not
extending beyond the front of the head. Male antennfc well pectinated.
Fore wings with the costa nearly straight, sinuous, falcate, the apex acute,
prolonged, with more of an excavation beneath than in Tetrads or Eugonia,
the angle in the middle of the edge being well pronou;iced. Hind wings
with a large, prominent "tail" or angle, rather more pronounced than in
Tetrads, with usually ,a slight tooth between the apex and the angle.
Venation : two subcostal cells, the inner lozenge-shaped, the outer long and
narrow ; the anterior discal venule straight, the posterior oblique, slightly
bent; otherwise the venation is as in Tetrads and Eugonia. Hind leys
with the tibife slightly enlarged ; tarsi nearly as long as the tibiie. Coloi-a-
tion : lilac-gray or pale ochreous, with two nearly parallel lines on the fore
wings and a single line on the posterior pair; sometimes a large reddish-
brown discal spot on the fore wings.

The species may be separated from those of Eugonia and Tetrads by
the small, short head and small palpi, scarcely extending beyond the front.

Synopsis of the Spedes.

\

Rather dark pearl-ash; foru wings darker between the two p.ilo flesh-colored lines M. carnaria.

llniforuily pearl ash, with two flesh-colored lines, and a very large, rich, reddish-brown

discal spot M. inatomaria.

Pale whitishochreous, with reddish speckles and lines; a third, submarginal, wavy, fine

liuu M. trilinearia.

Metanema caknaeia Packard. Plate 12, fig. 33.

Caberodes carnaria Pack., Fifth Rej). Peab. Acad. Sc, HO, 187:i

2 <?. — Ash-colored, darker than usnal, with a salmon tint, especiallv

543

;il)()ii( tlic lines !iii(l on llic nndcr sides of tlic winys. TTc;i(l icddisli-lj.own
in tVdiil and on llic |i:d|)i, w hicli arc stoni, and pass consideiaMN lM'\(Mid llic
Ironl ; the vertex is whitish ash. Wini^s sahnoii asli-f,nay, a htth- daik.T
between the two liiu-s; both lines pule, testaceous, e(lii;e<l on llie sides liicin"-
the discal dot with hiown ; they are distinct, not l)iendr(l with Ihe rest
of the winy; inner line ohTupn', slightly curved; tiie outer line is oblicine,
ending next to the apex: on llie cosfa a l)roa(l pale space hetween the line
and the dark apical streak below, the lin(> l)eing niargiiu'd externally with a
litint brown line; just- Ixwond this line the. wing is clear and paler, as within
the inner line, and with dark tlecks, but the edge ol' the wing is as dark as
in the middle; di.scal dot black, small, curvilitiear, dislinct ; fringe l)rowi),
with a paler fine line at the base. Hind wings a little paler and more trans-
versely strigat(!(l than the fore wings; a single straight line just beyond the
middle of the wing, like the outer line on the fore wings; i)eneath, paler
than above, carneous-asli. Veins and common line with a decided reddish
tint, especially toward the apex of the fore wings; tin; line is very ditfuse,
especially on the hind wings. Both pairs of wings are transvensely strigated.
Fringe brown beneath aiid darker on edge of fore wings. On the hind
wings, the line is a very dilfuse shade.

Length of body, J, 0.45; of fore wing, cf, 0.50; expanse of wings,
1.00 inch.

Montreal, Canada (Caultield) ; Lansing, Mich. (Miles) ; New York
(Mus. Peal). Acad. 8c.)

Metanema inatomaria Guenee. Plate 12, fig. 38.

Mvlunema inatomaria Gueu., Phal., i, 171, pi. 3, fig. 7, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mils., xs, -iOS, 1800.

3 <} and 2 9. — Pale gray, with a slight .salmon tint; wings specked
transver.sely with brown, the specks being longest on the costa, there being
two prominent, deep, brown, squarish spots just inside the terminations
of the two lines. Wings crossed by two oblique pah; lines, the inner
situated just beyond the basal third'uf the wing; it is not sinuate, Init
is sometimes a little curved, and is l)ent a little on the costa, where it
expands widely; outer line more obliipie, shaded within with reddish-browii
(especially on the hind wings), not curved, and not iienl on the costa, but
spreading to form a triangle it ends a little before the apex; just below the

544

apex is a Ijiowii ptitcli, slindcd with deeper brown witliiii, iiiid a little scal-
loped ; discal dot uimsuall\- large, deep red<lish-l)r()wii. Hind wings like
tlx^ anterior |)air, with one straight transverse line, shaded with brown on
the inside and (iiding ont on the costa ; a small, obscure, discal dot. Fi'lnge
like the rest of the wing, with a pale line at the base. Beneath, a little
paler than above, with a decided salmon tint ; outer line bordered with a
delicate salmon-red, on the costa filling up the space between the outer line
and the apex; no discal dot on the fore wing, a distinct one on the hind
wing. Wings more distinctly speckled beneath than above.

Length of l)ody, <f , 0.40,-0.47, 9, 0.55; of tljre wing, S, 0.55, 9,0.67;
expanse of wings. 1.40 inches.

Montreal, Canada (Caulfield) ; Brunswick, Me. (Packard) ; New Hamp-
shire (Walker); Cambridge, Mass. (Harris Coll.); All)anj, N. Y. (Lintner);
Brooklyn, N. Y. (Graef) ; New Jersey (Sachs) ; Wisconsin (Hoy) ; Saint
Louis, Mo. (Riley) ; Gleiicoe (Nebraska).

Metanema QUERCivoRAUiA Guent'e. Plate 12, fig. 39.

" riiala')ia qucrcivoraria Abbot, MS." Giieuce.
Metanema qiiereivoraria Gnen., Pbal., i, 17"2, 1857.

Wiilk., List Lep. Het. Br. Miis., xx, 203, 1860.

Body and wings pale w4iitish-ash. Wings thickly covered wdth fine
speckles. Fore wings with three lines, the usual inner and outer line, and
a third wavy submarginal hair-line. The two inner lines iHstinct, of even
width, a little oblique, not waved ; the innermost line situated exactly on the
inner third, the outer line on the outer third of the wing. Costa stained
with reddish on the end of the outer line. Submarginal hair-line wavy,
sinuate, reddish, situated half-way between the outer line and the edge of
the wing, and disappearing below the second median venule, scalloped
between each venule, mucii more distinct below than above. On the hind
wings, a single brown line, and traces of a submarginal wavy line. Beneath,
paler than al)ove, with the lines reproduced beneath, and dull-colored ; the
third submarginal line on both wings partially obsolete, but clearer than
above. Fringe reddish.

Length of ])ody, (?, 0.45; of fore wing, S, 0.73; expanse of wings, 1.50
inches.

Eastport, Me, July (Packard); New York (Grote) ; Central Missouri,
August (Riley).

545

Tills spccu's iiiiiv he know II In llic ;iiiiiiiliii- liilcatc lore wiii^rs, witli llie
ilj^lit nMlcllsli-browii lines on I he ]);ilc ;isli-sp(^ckli'(l winys, ;ni(l liv the (Iciitatc
hind wings, witli the siiiirlc clear line imd snltniari^inal alilnevialeil line, as
well as by the slioil small palpi and elnniialed liiud uini^s pidjeetiuii l:irllier
tliiui usual l)ey()nd the iiody. This species is allied lo .1/. iclidiiii Walk iVuni
Fliiiida, \vhi<di may prove lo he a variety ol'tlie |)resent species.

This asrrees well with (inenee's (h'sciintion, except thai the edge ol'holh
wings are clear in all my s|)ecimcns.

Ijtnii — •• Caleipillar of a very pale green, with the sutures and sides
reddish, a double angle (r/rcV^') hordered with reddish on the second ridue,
another more salient on the sixth, and (inally another on the tenth : the liith
has on each side a small pointed tubercle. Head and I'eii concoloroiis. It
lives on the oak and poplar, in April : it pupates at the iie<rinnin>.f (d' Mav,
and the moth appears at the eral of tin' same mouth. The chrvsalis is ol"a
gray-l)rownish, with tin' abdonnnal incisions reddish.' — ((iuence's descrip-
tion Irom Ai)l)()t's ]\IS. drawings.)

Desiderata.
Mi'tanema forjicaria Giien., Phal, i, 172, 1857. — "40""". Ailes snperi-
enres a apex tres-aigu et falqne, a bord terminal ondnle, avec le coude de la
2 plus obtus que chez les autres especes, d'un testaee clair, avec ipudques
ecailles noires parsemees, et la frange pins IbnccM'. Deux tines lignes
ondulees a la place ordinaire, claires, liseret's de brun, et doid la secoiule va
rejoindre I'apex qui est marque de gris noir. Ailes inferieiires subdentees,
avec la dent de la 2 ])lus saillante, mais arrondie, plus claires que les
superienres, avec une ligne taible continuant la coude'. Un ])oint cellulaire
noir aux quatre ailes. Californie.''

Metanema ctliaria "Walk., Lkst Le[). Het. Br. 3Ius., xx, 260, 18(J0. —
" Female. Pale testaceous, whitish testaceous on the underside;. Fr(nit flat.
Palpi slender, very short. Antemue rather stout. Legs stout ; hind fibi;^
not incrassated. Wings indistinctly ochraceous speckled, slightly black
speckled exteriorly ; a brown oblique nearly straight line, reddish bordered
on the outer side ; a more exterior undulating and denticulated line, which
is most apparent on the under side ; a black di.scal point. Fore wings sub-
falcate; exterior border concave on each side of its very distinct angle ; a

nearly straight and upright interior line which is dilated on tln-costa; a
Of) p u

54(5

patrli ot lilack speckles near the interior angle. Hind wings extending a
little behind the abdomen; exterior border slightly denticulated, with a very
prominent angle in the middle. Length of the body 5 lines ; of the wings
16 lines. East Florida."

TETRACIS Giiende. Plate 5, fig. 18 ; plate 6, fig. 2.

Tetrads Guen., Phal., i, 140, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Miis., xx, 172, 1860.

Head large, prominent, full in front, moderately broad, narrowing a little
anteriorly. Palpi thick, cither short, not passing much beyond the front, or
large, acute, and extending beyond the front by a distance nearly equaling
the width of the front of the head. Male antennae either simple and thick-
ened, or with short pectinations. Thorax moderately stout and hairy, not so
pilose and thick as in Einionios. Fore wings with the costa usually quite
straight and slightly sinuous, distinctly falcate, the apex produced, acute or
sul)acu1('; the outer edge excavated more or less below the apex, and with a
very prominent median angle, mucli larger in the female than in the male.
Hind wings usually large, extending beyond the end of the abdomen, well
rounded (ui the apex, with a large acute tooth or angle in the middle; some-
times the angle in the males is nearly wanting. Venation: the costal area
is very narrow, and the free end of the costal vein and the first three sub-
costal venules short, one short (crocallata), sometimes {truxuUatcC) a rather
long and narrow cell. The discal venules vary in the anterior one being
straight and curved inwaixl ; the posterior one is usually oblique, directed
outward The hind tibite in the male are either moderately or considerably
swollen, the tarsi nearly as long or three-tburths as long as the tibijie.
Abdomen usually long and slender in tiie male. Coloration : either cream-
white or yellow, with a single oblicpie brown line on the fore wings, or
yellow with brown l)aiuls, or of diflerent shades of ochreous, with dark lines
and thickly speckled.

From the material before me, I have been unable to perceive any essen-
tial diflerence between Tetrads and Eugonia ; they run into each other
insensibly. The species differ from tiiose of Eugovid in the less heavily-
l)ectinated male antenntc, the less pilose thorax, the shorter jialjii, and in the
wings not being dentate, though those of 6 E. suhsignaria are not so. From
Eufrapeld ihey (^x^er'm the wings l)eing narrower and much more angular and

"147

ialcato ; wliilr the aiitciiii;!' arc nearly always puctinati'd. ll is possililc llial
the species may infergradc with timsc of Eui^onia. 'V\\i- (iistindioiis arn
certainly somewhat artilicial. "^J^iio six^niis is ])riiici|iall_\ rf-strictr-d lo tlie
Pacific coast, tlic Ifss typical forms (lorafd and crocdilata) l)eing restricted to
the Atlantic coast. These two species are in many respects closely allied to
T. trimiguliferaria of the Pacific coast, so mucii so as not to warrant their
ticneric se])aration.

Si/iiop.sis of the Species.

A. Male antemipc sinii)le ; wini^s slijihtly aiii^ular:

Creaiii-wliiti', with ;i Niiiglc ocliicoiis iil)li(iiiH lino cm the lore wiii^s T. lorata.

Yellow, with a single brown ol)li(iiie line on (lii^ line wings '/'. rrocallatd.

B. .Male antenna' pectinated; wings ot" male rounded, in I'eniale

very angular :

Deep jellow, with thiei; very large, brown, eostal spots: antenna' narrowly

peclinateJ i'- IruiiKjiili/trdria.

Whitish-yellow; fore wings with two bri>a(l dark lines; antenn:e pUnnose /'. roliirK/idria.

C. Palpi long ; the species of various shades of i)ro\vn :

Fawn-brown ; fore wings with two pale snbparallel lines T. paralkUaria.

Dull orange; fore wings with the inner lines eurved ontward ; the outer more

or less sinuous T. aiimnliiicaria.

Fawn-brown ; larger than any of the preceding species; wings broa<l an<l w(01

augulated T. arrinayia.

Pale ochreous ; wings very falcate, with a slight angle between the apex and
the middle angle; a single, broad, outer, sinuous line, curved outward
before reaching the costa 1- (jr<itearia.

The largest of all the species, the wings very falcate and angular, pale ochre-
ous, the anterior pair with three blackish snbparallel broad lines ; male
antenna" simple T.lruxaUata.

W' iugs much less falcate and angular than in the other species of section C ;
fore wings with two black scalloped lines ; hind wings with a single
scalloped line ; male autennoe simple 1- agivtata.

Tetkacis lorata Grote. Plate 12, fig. 41.

Tetrads lorata Grote!!!, Can. Ent.

4 <f and 2 9. — Body and wings nnit()rnily creain-wiiit<>. Palpi and
under side of the anteniux' ochreous. Wings unspotted, witli a single, dull,
ochreous, obhque, straight litu; extending Irom just l)eyond the middle ot the
inner edge to the costa, ending just before the apex ; hind wings with no line,
immaculate. Xo discal dots on either wings. Beneath innnaeulate, the l)an(l
uot re-appearing on the fi)re wing.

Length of body, i, 0.60, 9, O.GO ; of (ore wang, <? , 0.85, 9, ?: expanse
of wings, 1.75 iuche-s.

548

III one male from Albany, N. Y. (Lintner), tlie Tront is dull ochreons,
this sluule running up the orbits.

East Fahnuuth, Mass., June 4 (W. C. Fish); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus).

It differs from T. crocaUnta by the cream-white wings, the dull-ochreous
line on tlie tore wing, while the apex of the fore wing is not so pointed as in
T. croadlata or nspilntes, and there is no line reproduced beneath, and no
traces of a discal dot beneath. The hind wings are much more obtuse thtm
in T. crocnllata.

Maine (Packard); Albany, N. Y. (Lintner); Philadelphia, Pa. (Grote);
Iowa (Parker); Saint Louis, Mo. (Riley).

Tetkacis crooallata Guenee. Plate 12, fig. 40.

Tetrads crocaHata Gueu., Phal., i, 141, 1857.

WalU., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 172, 1860.
Tetrads aspilata Gueu., Phal., i, 141, 1857.

Walk., List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 173, 1860.

6 <? and G 9 . — Body and wings uniformly liright ocher-yellow ; wings
sliglitly speckled with brown. A broad, oblique, coffee-brown l^and on the
fore wings, extending from just beyond the middle of the outer edge to the
apex ; discal dot not large, but prominent on both wings. On the hind wings,
a single straight line, not reaching the costa (in three out of twelve speci-
mens the line is entirely wanting on the hind wings). Beneath as above;
the line most distinct toward the apex; the female paler and with a narrower
line on the tore wings tlian the male.

Length of body, i , 0.65, 9 , 0.60 ; of fore wing, S , 0.58-0.83, 9 , 0.80-
0.85; expanse of wings, 1.75 inches.

Montreal, Canada (Lyman); Brunswick, Me., June (Packard) ; Massa-
chusetts (Sanborn and Emerton); West Farms, N. Y. (Angus); Albany, N. Y.
(Lintner and Meske) ; Philadelphia, Pa. (Grote); Lawrence, Kans. (Snow).

It varies in tlie presence or absence of the line on the hind wings; in
three out of nine specimens, the liand on the fore wing is very broad, three
times as much so as in others. In a female from Iowa (Parker), with the
line present on botli wings, the wings are speckled much more than usual.
I found on examination of Guende's types that his T. aspilata is a pale variety
of his crocallata, without the band on the hind wings.

Larva. — "From two feniales confined in a liox, I obtained on June 18th-
2()th over three liundred eggs. These are subovate, sliglitly flattened at the

549

larger eud, varnisliod. From fifteen to I'orty eggs are laid al a lime, during
tlu' night only ; tliey are deposited about one hundred in one spot, in eurving
sometimes angulated rows, whieli have the appearanee somewhat of radiating
from a eommon centre. When first laid they were yellowish-green; on the
20tli they had become ochro-olivaceous ; on the 21st Indian red, and by th(;
28tli or 29th the greater part appeared gray, which effect was caused l)y innu-
merable minute black atoms on a whitish ground. On the 31st they were all
a deep though rather dull purple. Hatched on the 30th and 31st. Sohk; oI"
the larva; lived until July 7th. Head several times larger than llic prothorax,
ochraceous, luteous, sub-globose ; anal segment much enlarged, white; prop-
legs, tw-o pairs, white. The enormous head and anal segments gave these
caterpillars the appearance of minute, animated dumb bells. Above, fuligin-
ous ; stigmatical line, white ; beneath, pale red. They were very active,
almost constantly in motion. Each time before looping, it rears itself up on
its hind legs, and turns round in every direction, as if scrutinizing the neigh-
borhood. I tried in vain to rear them, experimenting with almost every food
plant I could think of"— (C. S. Minot. Can. Ent., ii, 28.)

Pupa. — Of the usual shape, with the anal spine large and acute. Gray,
spotted and speckled with reddish-brown. A double row of dorsal spots.
Head and thorax dark brown ; wings spotted like the rest of the l>ody.
Length, 0.62 inch. "From a dark geometric larva found feeding on the
sumach in the spring. Imago late in May." — (Saunders.)

Tetracis trianguliferata Packard. Plate 13, fig. GO.

Tetr/wh tiia)igidiffrata Pack., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, 3H4, 1H71.

1 <S and 1 9. — This species belongs to a distinct section of the genus
from the preceding, as the male antennse are pectinated, the jjalpi are remark-
ably long, and the venation is different. It differs from T. lonita and cro-
callata in the head being a little suudler, and the froni sliglilly narrower,
while the antennas are well pectinated, the pectinatit)ns liciiig slender and
rather long. The palpi are moderately long, ascending and reaching a little
beyond the front, and usually pointed. The hind femur is slender, not swollen
much ; the costa is much wider, so that the subcostal venules are shorter and
thrown off at a much greater angle ; the lozenge-shaped subcostal cell is small,
one-half smaller than in crocallata, and tlu're are other slight differences,
I he venation (jf T. crocallata and /orala In-ing almost identical. The wings

550

are a little narrower, imieli more angulated, and tlie markings are different.
It i^^ brigiit oclireons-yellow, botti wings dotted over with scattered brown
specks. Orbits and tips of palpi speckled with light brown. Three large
i)rown spots edged with dark brown on the costa, the basal one next the
thorax not extending below the subcostal vein, and nearly- twice as long as
broad, the second just within the middle of the wing, equilaterally triangular,
the apex blunt and resting on the median vein ; the third is nearer the apex
than the second spot, and is equilaterally triangalar, with the apex acute and
resting on the independent venule. Between these two last spots are three
small costal spots. A short brown l)and runs from the outer third of the
middle edge to the third median vein. A minute discal dot. Fringe concol-
orous with the rest of the wing. Hind ^^'ings with a large tooth ; a large
tooth in the middle of the fore wing. Hind wings slightly ])aler on inner
half, no markings. Beneath, the large triangular spots are faintly reproduced,
and the brown speckles are long and larger than above. The fringe is yellow,
with a brown line at tlie base.

Length of body, J , O.o5; of tore wdng, (f , 0.76 ; expanse of wings, 1.60
inches.

California (Behrens); Sierra Nevada, Cal. (Edwards).

Tetracis coloradaria Packard. Plate 12, fig. 47.

Ennomos colorttdaiia Grotc!!!, Ann. Lye. N.at. Hist. N. Y., viii, pi. ICi, lig. 11, 9, 18G7.

1 <? and 1 9. — In the male, the fore wings are long and but slightly
bent (m the outer edge, while the hind wings are also only moderately
angular; while in the female both wings have a large, ])rominent, median
angle. Male antenna' with long pectinations, subplumose. Front of head
smooth, not, pilose. Palpi large and long, pointed, extendiuir well in front
of the head. Body and wings pale yellow. Fore wings with two unusually
])road Idack bands (rather than linens), the inner curved outward and rather
flexuous, the outer ()i)li([uc, tlexuous, and l)ent on the costa; it is edged
internally with <leeper black scales, the imier line edged externally in a
similar way. Hind wings witli a single, very flexuous, extradiscal line.
Discal dots on both wings, which are sprinkled over with dark speckles.
Beneath, the wings are concolorous with the upper side, and the bands on the
fore wings faintly re-appear, while tiie single line on the hind wings is nearly
as well marked as on the upper side.

551

Lciigtii ol' l)0(ly, <f , O.GO, 9 ; of lure wing, d, 0.75, 9, 0.75; t-xpaiise
of wings, 1.50 inches.

Colorado (Grote ami Sachs).

This is a well-marked species and need not be confounded with any
other. It Ls not an Eugoiiin unless the species of Tdracis should all Ik;
placed in that genus, as the head and tliorax arc closely scaled. It may be
distinguished from the other species by its pale-yellow iiue and the two
l)lack conspicuous bands on the fore wing.s.

Tetracis paealleliaria Packard. Plate \'l. tig.s. 42, 43.

Tetrads parallclia Pack., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, 38, 1874.

1 !$ and 5 9. — Male antenna' with long, slender, those of the female
with short, pectinations. Palpi large and long, extending I'arther beyond the
front of the head than in any of the preceding species; fore w-ings falcate
and angulated in both sexes, while the hind wings have a rather small "tail" or
angle not less marked in the male than in the female. Fawn-brown; palpi
as dark as the fore wings, which are rather darker tlian the body and hind
wings. The fore wings are uniformly tawn-brown, with two nearly parallel
brown lines edged with paler scales. The inner line is oblique, bent slightly
below the costa, but straight for the remaining distance; it is situated rather
nearer the middle of the wing than usual. Outer line oblique, slightly
flexuous, curved inward slightly in the middle. Fringe of a little darker hue
than the wing. Hind wings paler than the anterior pair, mottled faintly
with pale-brown scales; on the under side the spots are more distinct. The
discal dots are more distinct beneath than above. On the fore wings the
tint is uniform, and the lines are only faintly reproduced.

Length of body, <?, 0.50, 9, 0.60; of fore wing, t?, 0.60, 9, 0.60-0.85;
expanse of wings, 1.20-1.60 inches.

Sierra Nevada, Cal. (Edwards) ; Sanzalito, Cal., A])ril 24, October 8
(Behrens).

In this species, the inner line of the fore wings is straight, neither curved
nor flexuous, and the angle in the liind wings is slight conq)ared with that
of 7\ cervinuria, and it is smaller than in T. (mrimtiaania, while the female
antennae are pectinated.

Tetkacis AURAMTiACARiA Packard. Plate 12, tigs. 44, 45.

Metanema aurantiacaria Pack., Proc. Bust. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, ;!4, 1874.

2 <i and 5 9. — Body ochreuus ; wings oiaiige-ochreous, .sometime.^ deep

552

re<i(lislj-oclirwjus. Palpi long and slender, passing as far beyond the front
as the head is wide ; l)lack in the outer half" al)ove. Fore wings orange-
ochrcous; inner line black, regularly curved; outer line oblique, more
sinuous than usual (in one case, fig. 44, straight), not bent on the costa ; it
is brick-red in color, shaded inside toward the niidille of" the wing with deep
I'erruginous orange: sometimes narrow and blackish, edged externall}' witli
ochreous. Usually no markings on the edge of the vving, but in one very
dark example a dark diti'use wavy line, edged with light reddish ochreous
beyond, extending to the edge of the wing. A single line on liind wings,
straight, not reaching the costa, and of the same color as that on the front
wings. This line varies in color, being in one case black, sinuous, reaching
the costal edge, and interrupted in the middle, nearly opposite tiie discal dot;
sometimes the line is entirely wanting. Four discal dots. Beneath, the wings
areof tlie same color as above, liut a little clearer yellow, and the lines faintly
re-appear, tiiat on the fore wings being a little curved, while in one example
there is a broad dark band just beyond the extradiscal line. This species
belongs to the same section of the genus as T. cervinaria, and is a little
smaller, with the apex and angles of the wing more acute; behind the angles,
the wings are entire. The moth is quite different from Guenee's M. for-
Jicarla, which does not 3'et seem to occur in American collections.

Length of body, O.fiO ; of fore wing, 0.77; expanse of wings, 1.60
inches.

Nevada (Edwards); Sanzalito, Cal., October 10, November 8-11 (Beh-
rens).

It may l)e recognized by the acutely-angled wings, the ferruginous or
blackish undulating extradiscal line, the deep orange-ocher of the wings,
and the blackish palpi.

One female from Sanzalito, Cal., is fawn-brown, and might be mistaken
for T. paraUeliaria, but has simple antennae, and the inner line on the fore
wings is curved as usual.

Tetracis cEKViNARiA Packard. Plate 12, fig. 46.

Metaiiema cerriiiaria Pack., Pioc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, 386, 1871.

2 i. — Differs structurally from the other species described by Guenee
in the antennte not being pectinated, but finely ciliated beneath, while the
palpi are rather large and stout, passing a little beyond the front. The body

553

iiiid wings iiro of ;i uiiiliuiu IJiw n-coli.r, \hv scales Ix'ing thick and citise.
The hasal liiu^ is angiilatcd on the median vein, extending tiienee straight to
the costa, and below tlie median vein its conrse to t.lie inner edge is ohlicjno
and slightly sinuous. Tiie outer line |)al(! testaceous, like the inner, l)nt a
little more distinct, and slightly sinuous; it is situated half-way iVoni tiie
inner line to the outer edge of the wing. Apex very acute, median angle
larjje. as is that on the hind wins^s. A minute^ Ijlack diseal dot on i)oth win'^s
On the liindAvings, the single straight pale line is a little broader than on the fore
wings. Fringe short, testaceous, a little reddish at base, es])ecially toward
the angles. Abdomen a little paler than the thorax. Beneath, the wing is pale
ochreous. witii dense black striga?, often confluent; both wings are shaded
with a slight ashen tinge on the outer edge; on the fore wings, the strigse
unite in diifuse patches, forming an irregular broad band on the outer third
of the wing; fringe as above.

Length of fore wing, 0.87: oi' body, 0.72; expanse of wings, 1.50
inches.

W. S[)ring.s, Cal. (Behrens).

Another individual from California, taken by Mr. Behrens October If),
is ochreous, with the tawny-brown lines and the inner line on the fore wings
much curved.

This tine species may be recognized by its large size, uniforn.i fawn-
color, the simple antenn?e, and the two testaceous lines on the fore wings, the
inner line being curved regularly.

Tetracis grotearia, .sji. nor. Plate 12, fig. 48.

1 i . — Head smooth in fri)nt. Palpi large, extending far beyond the
front of the head. Antennae with moderately long pectinations. Fore wings
with the costa sinuous, falcate, the outer edge not excavated as much as
usual, w'ith a slight projection lialf-way betw^een the apex and the median
angle, the latter not .so prominent as usual. The angle on the hind wings is
well marked, much as in T. truxaliala. ]}ody and wings pah^ ochreous.
Fore wings with the; inner line broad, diifuse, curv(;d outward, not well
marked ; the outer line scalloped, sinuous, curved outward beneath the
co.sta ; the line is made up of a tine black line, with tlie shallow scallops
filled in with white scales, with a broad l)rown shade beyond. Hind w ings
with traces of a straight dusky line; l)ofh wings speckled transversely with
70 p H

554

l)ro\vii. Beneath, slightly paler thiiii above, with a single, oblique, dusky,
extradiscal line ; no line on the hind wings. Abdomen wanting.

Length of fore wing, (J, 0.70; expanse of wings, 1.50 inches.

Garden of the Gods, Manitoii, Colo., July 13 (Packard, Hayden's
Survey).

In this species, the fore wings are more blunt at the apex than in some
of tlie allied forms: but it is, on the whole, more nearly related to 7". truz-
aliafn tlian the others, though it differs in the antenna:^ l)eing well pectinated
and in the fore wings being subdentate between tlie apex and median angle.

Tetracis tkuxaliata Guenee. Plate 13, figs. 59, 67.

Tetrads trnmliata Gueu., Plial., i, 14'i, lli.57.

Walk., List Lep. Hot. Br. Mus., xx, 173, 18fi().

5 c? and 5 9. — Male antennae simple. Palpi large and stout, extending
fiir beyond the front of the head. Wings very angular, of nearly the same
form in both sexes, being very falcate, the apex very sharp ; the outer edge
well excavated below the apex ; the median angle large and very prominent.
Hind wings with a large, well-marked angle, or "tail", a little more promi-
nent in the male than the female. Body and wings briglit ochreons ; the
hind wings a little clearer and paler. Fore wings with three I)Iack bands,
enlarged on the veins, and, where partly obsolete, represented by venular
spots ; the two inner lines are wide apart ; the l)asal is curved outward,
especially below the costa; the extradiscal line is sinuous, while the snb-
marginal (which is narrower than the other two) is bent outward opposite
the median angle; discal dots black, well marked on botii wings. Hind
wings either clear or with a few strigcB, and traces of an extradiscal line;
beneath, clear, uniformly ochreous, and no paler than above, while on the fore
wings the three lines are quite distinct.

Length of l)ody, cT, 0.60-0.80, 9, 0.65-0.85; of fore wing, <f, 0.70-
0.95, 9, 0.80-0.95; expanse of wings, 1.80-2.00 inches.

(California (Edwards); Sanzalito, Cal, June 5-7, Sei)teml)er 9, October
2-7 (Behrens).

This species dillcis from those allied lo it in the aiitenn;v l)eing simple
in llie male, and in tiie three l)r(iad, dark lines, sometimes tinged with
lerruginous. It is (lie most almndant species in California. It varies a good
deal (as do all the species as seen in colleclions) in the distinctness of the
lines; sometimes the ochreous tint of the fore wings especially is quite deep-
toned, approaching a rust-red hue.

555

Teteacis /EGROtata Guent'e. Plate 13, fig. 65.

Telracii wgrolata Gucii., rii:il., i. Ill, IK^T.

Walk., List Lc-p. Il.-t. Hr. Mhs., xx, ITIi, 18G0.
Chm-odes agrotata Pack., Pioc. Host. Sin;. Nat. Hist., xiii, HP'.>, 1871.

8 <f and 2 9. — Tlw wiiii^s arc less falcate than in 7'. f/ux(i/i(if(i,uud the
median angle of both wings is slight, hut, with a slight tooth between tiie apc.x
and central large tooth, while tiie wiiig.s are without the usual well-defined
angiilated line on their outer third, and the male antemnv are simple. Jiody and
wings ol a uniform pale light tawii-color ; wings almost white beneath. Head
with thiclv hairs on the vertex, the scales being longer than usual; just l)elow
the antemue, a dark-l)rowii l)and ; below a little paler than the vertex. Palpi
tipped with brown. Antenn;i> concolorous with the rest of the body. Wings
densely speckled with brown ; an inner, curved, very slightly dusky line, with
five or six black venular dots, and a similar line going from just beyond the
middle of the hinder edge, following a sinuous course to the costa near the
apex, witli a black dot on each venule. A few minute black dots on the base
of the fi-inge, which is concolorous with the rest of the wing. A slight discal
dot on both wings, that on the fore wings small but diffuse, that on the hind
wings a minute black dot. Hind wings the same as the anterior pair, the
speckles being arranged in a faint band, straight, crossing the middle of the
wing ; an outer curved row of black dots parallel to the outer edge. Beneath,
dull white ; costa and antennae, half of the fore wings, together with the
costa and the outer half of the hind wings sprinkled with black .scales, and
a row of dots parallel to the outer edge of the wing near the edge; discal
dots as above, but larger and much more distinct. Fore legs dusky in front;
tarsi of hind and middle legs dusky; otherwise white.

Length of body, J, ().H5, 9, O.SO ; of tore wing, J, 0.83, 9, 0.i)5 ;
expanse of wings. 1.7U-2.00 inches.

Sanzalito, Cal. (Behrens); Mendocino City, San Mateo, Cal. (A. Agassiz,
Mus. Comp. Zool.).

This common species varies in the tint of the wings, and the ouler line
of dots varies in distinctness and degree ol' sinuosity. In one specimen, the
outer band on the fore wings divides into two; the iiiiiei-. opposite tiie discal
dot, bein<r a l)n)a(l, wavv band, sitnati'd half-wav lu'twecii the dot- and the
outer band.

Several specimens received from ;\Ir. Behrens show that this species

556

varies considera1)h' in the degree of distinctness of the brtiid, often very
disthict dusky cloud on file inside of the outer row of dots, the inner edge
often being straight and crossing the middle of the wing, while lioth pairs
of wings, in some examples, are much darker than in others. The lines and
the dusky lx)rders are more conspicuous, the inner and outer lines farther
apart, and the inner line more curved in the male. The wings of this sex
are paler, the speckles being less numerous. The wings of the female also
vary.

One male from Mv. Ikdirens differs in l)eing of a deeper fawn-color,
with the two lines on tiie lore wings and single outer line on the hind wings,
forming very distinct, dentate, black lines, and the two on the fore wings
much nearer together than usual; discal dot obscure, and the inner line on
the fore wings less curved than in other male specimens. It is a little
smaller in size. Beneath, the same, but the lines more distinct. I retract
my former remark that this species was "wrongly referred to the genus
Tetrads by Guenee"; for, while in the characters of the head and antennte
it is nearly allied to Eiitrapela, still the wings have the shape of those of
2'etracis, and it should be retained where Guene'e placed it. It differs from
any species of Eutrapela in the shorter hind wings.

This is prol)ably a species of Guentie's genus Sabulodes, and near
S. cnberata, but I alhnv it to remain where it is provisionally.

Tetrads panilaria Walk., Li.st, xx, 173, is a large rubbed Caberodes
metrocainparia! , as 1 learned by an examination of Walker's type in the
British Museum.

EUTRAPELA Hiibner. Plate 6, fig. 18.

Eidrafehi Iliibn., Saiuml. Exot. Scliiu., i, 1806.
EiKjonia Hiibii (iu part), Verz., 2111, 1818.
C'Aoerorfes Gui^u., Plial., i, H."), 18.')7.

Walk., List Lep. Het. lir. Mus., xx, H, lSr.O.

Head narrower in front than usual, slightly more so tlian in Drepanodes,
the scales very ch)se. Palpi large, stout, slightly ascending, extending well
in front of the head, the tliird joint a little longer than in Drepanodes.
Antennse in the male simple, compressed, ciliated; in the female simple.
Fore wings distinctly falcate, the costal edge regularly convex, the apex
suddenly acute, especially in llie females. Outer edge witli a well-marked
angle; the edge in l)()tii wings is entire in E. transversata, slightly scalloped

557

in E. c/('iii(//(n/(f, cs[H'r\i\\\\ \\\ \h(' t'ciualc. Hind wings large, witli a iironiincnt
angle (in the first median vennle, even with Ihc tip of" tiie alxlomeii. Venation
as in Drcpanodes, hnf a snl)ei)stal eel! present, and the disea! venidi's are not
cnrved as in Drcpaiiodcs. Hind legs with the tiliiu' very long and swollen,
with a Ian -like tul't ol hairs on tlu' inner edire, often folded np and not visiide;
tarsi ahont one-third as loni;' as the tiWia'. Aluloinen loni( ami slender.
Coloration nnieh as in Dicixniodcs.

'V\m' simple ciliated male anteinne, fidcate f()re wings, tlie pronnnoid
angle in the hind wings, and the large, swollen, tnfted hind tibia", as well as
the. narrow front of tlio head, arc the distingnishing nnirks of this easily
recognizable genus. In the narrow front of the head and the simple anlennse,
this genns approaches IJrauid more closely than any other phahenid moth.

Larva. — Ramit'orm, varionsly tnberculateil, with the third thoracic seg-
ment either tnbercnluted or swollen: the body rather thi(d\: head not wider
than the body. Pn|)a pale brown, mottled with red, or (piite nnit()rndy
reddish-brown. — (I)escrib(>d li'om Abbot's M8. drawings.)

Si/nopsis of tJie Species.

Wbiti^Ii-ocliieous, with three subapical black spots K. fahnta.

Fawn-colored, both Hues beut outward near the iuuor edj>e E. iiiibilata.

A costo-apical, triangular spot; the line on the hind wings much bent E. furciferata.

Outer edge of the wings entire ; wings clear A", transversata.

Outer edge of the wings slightly scalloped ; wings mottled Ji- cJemataria.

EuTRAPELA FALCATA Packard. Plate 13, fig. 6G.

Eutrapda f alalia Pack., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvi, 39, pi. 1, tig. 32, 1874.

1 9. — A slighter moth than E. transversata, with the wings similarly
aiigulated, and the ape.x of the fore wings rather more fidcate than in E.
tramrersata. The male antenm?^ slightly slenderer than in E. transversata.
Pale ochrcous; head, body, and wings of the same hne. Fore wings with
no lines, and with only a few scattered blackish speckles, a conspicuous black
discal dot, and three subapical black spots, one jnst behind tlie costal edge.
Hind wings with a few scattered specks and a distinct black discal dot.
Beneath marked just as above, the three subapical and discal spots being
reproduced. Wings a little more densely speckled with black, and the fore
wings a little deeper ochreoiis.

Length of body, 0.65; of fore wing, 0.82; expanse of wings, 1.70 inches.

California (Edwards).

This fine species may be at once known by the very acute fidcate apex,

558

the want of lines on the wings, thougli the three suhapical spots are appar-
ently the remains of an extradiscal line, and by tlie three snbapical large black
spots. The front of the head is ochreous, like the rest of the body.

An egg retained 07i the end of tiie abdomen is apparently spherical,
\\ ith numerous high and very distinct longitudinal ridges.

EuTRAPELA NUBiLATA Packard. Plate 13, fig. 61, S, fig. 62, 9.

■

Ckcrrodes niibilala Pack., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xiii, Wl, 1871.

3 i audi 9. — Ck)scly allied in form and structure to ^. ^rrt«si7e»>«to; the
lore wings slightly more fahrate and the hind wings a little less caudate. Fawn-
colored, like dark individuals of E. tyan-wersntd. Head, palpi, and body con-
colorous with the base and outer edge of the wing, being speckled with
black scales and sliurt striga:\ On the basal third of tlie wing is a very dis-
tinct, dark, zigzag, broad, ditfuse, blackish band, not reaching the costa, l)eing
most distinct on the hind edge; the outer line is brown, and is cui'ved on
the submedian cell, thence going straight to near the ape.x where it is reflected
at an acute angle on to the costa; the angle, however, is less acute than in
E. transversata, and the reflected portion half as long. Just outside of this
line are five ditfuse blackisli patches, one on the inner edge near the angle,
the other resting on the apex, and forming a diffuse oblique line, which passes
within the angle of the outer line. The median part of the wing between
tlie two lines is clear tawny tawn-color, with ol)scure, large, transverse strigte,
not present elsewhere on the wing. The <liscal dot is large and distinct,
smaller on the hind wings. Hind wings witii thick diffuse striga\ less fine
tiian on the fore wings, and a single, outer, slightly siniu;te, brown line, on the
inner side of which the wing is clearer than elsewhere. Beneath, the wings
aie closely dotted with dark scales, with the outer lines reproduced, though
mo^t distinct on the hind wings.

<f . — Length of body, 0.65; of fore wing, 0.85; expan.se of wings, 1.75
inch.

Sanzalito, Cal., Deceml)er 28 (Behrens).

In the female (fig. 61), tlie fore wings are very much produced and the
ai)e.\ is very shar[), reminding one o? Drepanodes,\vh.\\e, the style of coloration
is very much like that of Drepanodes varus; the base and outer edge of the
fore wings are darker than in the males, and there is more of a rusty shade
along the extradiscal line than in any of the males.

559

Kl'TKAI'KLA FIKCIFKUATA, sp. //or. i'latr 1 M. liir. (14.

2 c<. — Of tluMisiial tiiwu-color, as ill E. frausi-eisata; \viii<fs iiiii((>nii. with-
out llie usual Iraiisvcrscstrigan palpi very sloiit, asccMuliiit;; tiTininai joint small,
conical, (IroopiiiiT: aiitcuiife simple. Head violaceous-iirown: tlioiaxaiid ixidv
coiicnloroiis with llie wiiii;s. Hasal half of the costa with lirown scales; no
transverse lines: a v-shaped spot on the costa near the apex, dark, sliaded
within with icrayisli scales; an aliiireviated liroad hand extendiiiii from the
outer third of the inner mar<,nii to the third suhmediaii iierviile; within paler
than on the sides. Discal dot small, lila(d\, present on hoth wind's. Sec-
ondaries immaculate, with a faint line like that in the iiiiddh; of the fore
wings, much l)ent in the middle. Beneath, body and wings yellow-ochreous,
with lirown .scales, arranged inaditluse line of sp(;ckles, which are especially
distinct toward the costa, wlieif^ the v re-appears; di.scal dots minute; base of
costa hrownish ; legs brownish.

Length of body, 0.52: of (ore wing, 0.70.

New York (A. K. Grote).

This species is easily known by its' unitbrm iawn-color, by tlu; two
spot.s on the inner margin forming a short band going to the third submediaii
nervule, and the v-shaped spot near the apex ; while the single diffuse line of
scales and the line on the hind wings bent at quite an angle in the middle will
also distinguish it. It is the smallest species known to us, while the palpi
are stouter than usual. A second male, received from Missouri througli Mr.
Riley, is the one figured on plate 13. The extradiscal line on the fore wings
is represented in the middle of the wing by two or three whitish venular
dots. It is (juite distinct from any of the varieties ot E. fiansceisata, in all
of which the line on the hind wings is distinct and straight.

EuTRAPELA TRANSVEiiSATA Packard. Plate Jo, figs. 63, 68; fig. 20, larva;

20^/, pupa.

rhalana trannrcrsata Drury, i, Ki, i)lati; S, tig. 'i, 1770.

Geometru Imnsversata Drury (We.st wood's ed.), i, 16, plato 8, tig. 2, 1837.

Chmrodin incurvata Gueu.! ! !, Phal., i, 37, plate 3, fig. d, 1*')7.

Chccroilea iraiisrersata Gueu. ! ! !, Phal., i, 38, 1857.

Chcerodes goniata Gueu. ! ! !, Phal., i, 38, 1857.

Charades iiiciinala W'alk.! 1 !, List Lcp. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 15, 1660.

Charodcs irampoMa Walk. ! ! !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 15, 1860.

Chwrodcs transveisata Walk. ! ! !, Libt Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 15, 1860.

ChotrodiH traiist-erleiis Walk.!!!, List Lep. Het. Br. Mils., xx, 16, 1860.

Chotrodcx trammutem Walk.!!!, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 17, 18GU.

Choerodts couiiuyem Walk.!!!, List L('i>. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 18, 1860.

15 c? aiifl IT) 9. — Wings acutely angled in tlie middle of the outer edge,
iuid fore wings very falcate; Iiind wings extending farther than usual behind
the tip of the abdomen. Fawn-color, sometimes frosted over and varying to
ochreous; body concolorous with the wings, which are more or less striated.
Head with the front chocolate-brown; vertex white. Fore wings with the
inner line usually present, curved, consisting of two large scallops meeting on
the median vein and pointing inward, the upper scallop touching the discal
dot, or the line is straight below the dot and parallel with the outer
line; the line is sometimes either absent, or represented by a few scattered
patches, and when well developed is dark fawn-l)rown, with or witliout a
frosty edging on the inside. Outer line straight, more or less distinctly
angled near the apex, and l)eiiding at right angles on the costa ; sometimes
the angle is much rounded, brown or blaek-l)rown, simple, or edged exter-
nally with gray. From the angle extends a more or less distinct slightly-
curved series of irregular diffuse dark spots to the inner angle ; this is usually
represented by a faint shade. Discal dots alike in l)olh wings, snudl, con-
sisting of erect bhick scales. Hind wings with tlie single hue in the middle
of the wing, .straight, with tlie outer series of difTuse spots as on tlie fore
wings. Fringe a little deeper in hue than the wings, varying in hue between
an ochreous or fawn coloi-. Beneath, a little paler than above ; line not pres-
ent, or very faint, distinctly dusted with transver.>'e strigse. Legs strigated.

Length of body, <f , 0.72-0.S5, 9, 0.G5 ; of fore wing, <?, 0.^)0-1.00,
9, 0.95-1.00; expanse of wings, 2.00-2.10 inches.

Montreal, Canada (Lyman) ; Brunswick, Me. (Packard) ; Massachusetts
(Sanborn, Emerlon, Bost. Soc. Nat, Hist, Peab. Acad. 8c.) ; West Farm-s
N. Y. (Angus) ; Albany, N. Y. (Linfner and Meske) ; New Jersey (Sachs) ;
Philadelphia (Enl. Soc); Georgia (Grote) ; Detroit, Mich. (Mus. Comp.
Zool.) ; Lawrence, Kans. (Snow) ; Missouri (Riley).

This is a very variable .species, and in the above description we have
noted the extremes. It may be distinguished by the very falcate wing.s, the
obtusely-angled outer line on the fore wings, the sul)marginal shade or row
of spots on both wings. The ochreous variety, which I take to be goniata,
would easily be considered a separate species from transversata Guen. ; but
they are intermediate forms ; so one of the Georgia males is dark, uniformly
fawn-colored, with the margin of the wings beyond the outer line darker, and
wonld be at first thought specifically distinct.

501

Larva. — Katliev slender compared witli larva of E. demntaria ; a sharp
(loryal tubercle on the Ihird tlioracie, riiiij; ; a liroad dorsal wart jusf: heliind
tlic middle of the body, and a lateral sharj) one in Ihi' middle ol' the body.
A dorsal liuiiip between tli'e two ]);iirs of abdominal I'cet. I'ody viohiceoiis,
transversi'ly striped with reddish. I'lipa jiale brown, spdtfcd with icddisii-
brown. Feeds on Cletlira alni folia. — ( Described and the larva (iiru red I'roin
xVbbot's MS. drawing.)

I\rr. Emerton has tbund the larva in Salem, on the currant, at the end of
July; the moth appeared August 6. Mr. W. II. Patton reared the niolh
from the pupa (figured on plate 13) in New Haven, July 2G. I think thai
it also feeds on the red maple.

P^'om an examination of M. Guenc'e's and Walker's types, I have Ijeen
led to arrive at the conclusions given in the synonymical table of this species.
Fig. 63 represents Guenee's transversala, 68 his gonlata (which is Dr.ury's
transversa fa). Walker's transposita is eipiivalent to Guenee's transversata ;
and his transversata is equal to Guenc'e's goniafa. The species of Walker
are based on individual variations of Drury's transver.sata.

EuTRAPELA CLEMATATA Hiibuer. Plate 13, fig. 69.

riialana demataria Smith-Abbot, Lep. Georgia, ii, "^01, pi. 101,1797.
Eutrapela demataria Hiibii., Exot. Scbm., i, 1806.
Euyonia demataria Hiibn., Verz., 292, 1818.
Eutrapela demataria Gaen.'.W, Phal., i, 47, 1857.

Walk. ! ! !, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., sx, 35, 1860.
Cltarodes transdueem W.ilU.!!!, List Lep. Het. Br. Mas., xx, 18, 1860.
Charades iransferens Walk.!!!, List Lep. Het. Br. Mus., xx, 19, I860.

3 cf and 1 ?. — Antennje subpectinated. Wings very falcate, especially
in the female, where they are produced into a louij point. Ijody and w ings
fawn-color, with scattered black dots; front of head reddish-brown : vertex
white. Abdomen a little shorter than the hind wings. Hind tibia? slightly
swollen. Fore wings with two inner, reddish-brown, diffu.se lines ; the inner
situated half-way between the base of the wing and discal dot, curved and
more or less scalloped, the outer curved, situated just beyond the discal dot,
and joining the third, outer line on the second median venule ; it is broader
and still more diffuse than the basal line. Outer line straight, bent back at a
very acute angle on to the costa, the line above the i)eiid being more or less
angularly curved and dilated on the costa; an oblique white line extends
from the bend to the costa just before the apex, which is white above and
blackish below, with a larire reddish-i)n)\vii patch extending from l)elow the
71 V n

562

apex to the second median venule. Discal dots in both wings black ; scales
flattened as usual. Hind wings with a single slightl\-curved line just beyond
th(; middle of the wing. Beneath, the outer line faintly reappears on the
front part of the fore wing ; the black specks are' larger than above and not
transverse as in E. trm/sversata, and the edge of the wings is faintly grayish.

Length of body, <?, 0.72-0.80, 9, 0.80; of fore wing, S, 0.95, 9, 1.05;
expanse of wings, 2.20 inches. ,

Montreal, Canada (Lyman) ; Maine (Packard) ; New Haven, Conn.
(Smith) ; 'West Farms, N. Y. (Angus) ; Albany, N. Y. (Lintner) ; Missouri,
May 5 (Riley).

Larva. — The caterpillar is represented by Abbot as being thick and
fleshy, with the third thoracic ring swollen above, and with four sharp
dorsal tubercles. It is pale, with a purplish tint, and mottled with brown.
Food-plant, Pi/rr/iojmppus carolmianus. Abbot in the published work states
that the larva feeds on Gle?natis rosea.

Addenda and Desiderata.

Glaucopteryx cretaceata Packard. Plate 8, fig. lb. — Larentia creta-
ceata Pack , Sixth Rep. Peak Acad. Sc, 40, 1874. — 3 9 . Fore wings long and
pointed. Hind wings much smaller and more rounded than in G. ccesiata and
polata. Chalky-white throughout, with numerous partially obsolete, wavy,
ashen lines on the middle of the wing, but distinct on the costa. An oblique
row of dark dots just beyond the middle of the wing, the row following a
straight course. Hind wings marked as on the anterior pair with numerous
ashen, obscure, parallel, wavy lines. Beneath whitish, shining, with a smoky
tinge, especially on the fore wings, with numerous wavy ashen lines. Discal
dots small but distinct. A narrow, interrupted, black line along the edge.
Fringe whitish, dirty white externally. Fore legs dusky-wiiitish ; hind legs
whitish, ))roadly ringed with dusky-ash.

Length of body, 0.43 ; fore wings, 0.68 ; expanse of wings, 1.40 inches.

White Mountains, N. H. (Sanborn); Sierra Nevada (Edwards).

The New Hampshire specimen does not diifer from the California ones.

Descripion of larva of Flemijria Jluviata {gemmata). — Vingt oeufs envi-
rons ont efe [jondus i)ar uiie gemmata que jai rencontree le 27 Janvier dans
I'mterieur de Cannes, appliquee contre uu mur. Le 11 il'vrier, ces oeufs sout
eclos; de vert obscur qu'ils sont d'abord, ils deviennent d'un

LI

All iiioiiK'iit (Ic IV'i'ldsioii la cliL'iiillc est dUii jaiiiu: tciTtnix, coulcur (in'cllc
coiisorv(? jiiscja'a su troisit'iiic imic. A ccftc c'pi)(|uo, ct1I(^ dii 10 mars, cWc,
passe ail vert clair o( aiMiuicrt des ligiios dorsalcs mal iiidi(|U('i's. I'^llc yrossil-
alois rapidt'iiHMit et altciiil sun I'lilicr (U'vcloppcincnl vers la I'm i\r mars.
Ellf est a cette epoqiie asscz l()!ii,ni(', cyrmdriciiK', a peine atlemu'e cii avaiil,
j)eu careuee sur Ics cotes, avee les ligiies mal ('elites. Cette poiite m'a domie
autaiil de siijels verdatres cpie d'iiulividiis d'lm bniu jaiiiialre ; il sciuit done
ditlieile de jnc'ciser (picllo est celle de ees deux chenilles rpii doit representee
le type, d'autant que les larves que j'ai nmcontrees dans la nature, en iioveiii-
bre et en deetunbrc, sous des touffes de (Jlirysanth5mes ct d'Antliemis, elaient
bniiies el ipielcpies-uiies presipie noii'es. D(!s lignes ordinaires on ne volt
giiere ipie la sous-dorsale qui est largenient interrompiK;, et a la place- de la
vascuhiire, on distingue, a rincision des anneaux du milieu, line laelie eii
lorine (romicron rougeatre a fond vert claire. La stigmalale sc detaclie ii
peiiH! en eoiileur plus claire que Ic tbnd ; elle est ondulee et porte les stig-
iiiates ipii, viis a lu loupe, paraissent de eouleiir oraiigi; ; ils sont circles do'
brun et reposent sur un fond clair. Une ligne, d'lin vert oi)senr. pareourt le
ventre, du 4'" an '.)" segment. La tete est petite, globuleuse. A fond vert on
jaunatre, marquee de nombreux points pourprc's. Les dix pattes sont con-
colores ; les anales sont lav(^es de vineux a I'extremite. On ne volt aucun
des points ordinaires.

Cette chenille se tient ordinairement un ])eu recourbee, soil a (K'coiiv(>rt
sur line lige, soit cach(;e au pied de la plante. II n'est jias, je crois, de
larves <[ui se tixent aussi solidement a la plante qui les supporti; que celle
de la Cdiiip. fiuviata. On la trouve au\ enviions de P^rejus, de Cannes et de
Nice, sur une foule de plantes, telles qui rAnthemls inarithna, le Chri/santhe-
inum segetum, le Convolvulus lii/e<(t//s, F Alyssum marit'imum, etc. : mais
ce sont le plus souvent les Anthc'mis et les Chrysanthemes qui les fournissent
dans les lieux incultes, et meme dans les jardins.

Sa chrysalide est rapidement Ibrmee au centre de t'euilles seches, re-
tenues par des fils de sole. Elle est medioerement allongee, brmie, lavc'e de
rougeatre sur les anneaux, ct de verdatre sur les ailes et les yeux. La poiiiti;
abdominale est garnie de eiii(| a six petits crochets recourbes. L'eclosion a
lieu du 20 au 25 avril.

Div(;rs sujets se sont iacilement accouplt's en captivite. Les anifs
qui en provenaient sont eclos et les clienilh^s ont reussi. Les generations

564

(le cette gc'om^tre doivent se succtider sans interruption en Provence;
excepte peut-etre pendant les grandes secheresses qui, sur le littoral, sont
un temps d'aoiit pour les piantes basses surtout, notamment pour les
Aiithemis et les Chrysanthemes dont les fieurs paraissent etre la principale
nourriture de notre clienille. Les plautes, on le sait, refleurisscut en automne.

(Milliere in Annales de la Society linn^enne de Ljon, 1868, nouv. s^rie,
torn, xvi, Paris, 18G8, p. 50, pi. !)0, figs. 7, 8.)

HypagyreJis pusiularia Hiibn., Ziitr., 20, figs. 103, 104, 1818. — Georgia.

Nemoria histriaria Hiibn., Zutr., 25, figs. 139, 140, 1818. — Georgia.

Dt/sst)oma morosata Hiibn. Geyer , Zutr., 21, figs. 879, 880, 1837.— North
America.

Walker describes in the Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, v, 1860,
Endrojna annisaria, 260; Acidalia sitni/aria, 2G1 ; AcidaUa anticaria, 262 ;
Pellonia successaria,262] Lozogramma subcequaria, 262; Numeria inceptar'm,
263; Scotosia qffirmaria, 264; Macaria .spilosarin, 266 ; in vol. vi, Acidalia
junctariu, ^\) ; Macaria! subainciar in, AQ ; Melanippe propriaria, 40; Coremia?
palparia, 40 ; Cidaria lactispargaria, 41.

Aspilatcs gilvaria (S. V.), introduced from Europe, occurs in Labrador,
Moeschler, Beitriige Wiener Ent. Monatsschrift, viii, No. 6, 1866.

Phasiaiie orillata occurred on Guadelupe Island, off the coast of Cali-
fornia (Dr. Palmer). It expands 1.50 inches, and the specimen is the
largest one I have yet seen.

Phibalapteryx intestinata was found in Colorado by Lieutentant Carpen-
ter; Aspilates coloraria and dissimilaria, Acidalia inductata, and lliamnonoma
sulphuraria have been received from Glencoe, Nebr., through Mr. G. M.
Dodge.

Tornos ruhiginosaria. — Larva, plate 13, fig. 3; pupa, 3fl. — Body rather
thick; head narrower than the body; six dorsal conical tubercles, the third
very large and higli ; body brown, with oblique, whitish slashes, shaded with
dark brown. Pupa dark brown, rather thick. Food-plant, Coreopsis auri-
culata, or prol5al)ly grandijlora. — (Described from Abbot's MS.)

Semiothisa cnotata. — Larva, plate 13, fig. 24; pupa, 24*/. — Body cylin-
drical ; iiead small, spherical, not so wide as the l^ody, which is grass-green,
with a lateral and subdorsal white stripe. Pupa slender, pale reddish-brown.
Food-plant, Lacf.ticu graminifolia. (Abbot's MS.)

565

Acidalia ordinata. — Larva, plate 13, lig. 16; pupa, KW/. — Body very long
arul slender, smootli, cylindrieal, thicker at tlie end than toward the head,
pale flesh-colored, with a red sulxlorsal stripe and transverse reddish and
phunheous stripes. I'upa reddish ; heneath, on the niouth-parls, and thorax
greenish. Food-plant, Tnlltuin sh/hmtiii. (Abbot's MS.)

Ccratonyx satanaria Guen., Phal., i, 1114; larva, plate 2, lig. 2, 1857. —
"Je la decris d'apres nn dessin d'Abbot. 50""". Ailes d'un brun-noir avec
des places blanchatres; superienres avec trois lignes transverses i)lns fbncees:
les deux premieres arquties et paralleles, la troisieme anguleuse an milieu.
Un trait basilaire et deux autres traits sendjlables superposc's, pres dn sonunet.
Deux points au dessous, pres du sonimet. Deux points an dessous, pres de
Tangle interne. Inti'rieures unies. Georgie amerieaine, en tevrier.

"Chenille grise, avec la tete, les comes, trois i)()urgeons sur le 5" amieau,
et un iuitre sur le IP, une ligne laterale du 5" an 11", el toules les i)attes,
d'un roux-terrugineux. La tete est arrondie ; les deux cornes du cou sont
tr^s-longues, large, aigues, droites, dressees. Les bourgeons sont epais et
arrondis. EUe vit en avril sur le Liquulamhar styracijlua et le Quercus
dentata. La chrysalide est d'un gris a peine rougeatre."

Exelis pyrolaria Guen., Phal., i, 324, 1857.— "23""". Ailes oblongues,
entiferes, d'un gris-fonce un pen violatre, coninie chez la venelaria, avec
quelques atonies noirs clair-semes. Superieures avec trois lignes iioirs tres-
fines : la premiere (extrabasilaire) arquee, les deux autres (coudee et ombre
mddiane) sinueuses, tres-rapprochees surtout par en bas, avec un point noir
cellulaire entre elles. Point de subterminale. Ailes inii'rieures avec deux
lignes medianes encore jjIus fines et disposees comme les >\v\\\ dernieres des
superieures. Dessous des quatre d'un gris uni, avec deux lignes on ombres
medianes formees par des atonies. Americjue septentrionale, en aout.

"Chenille plissee, d'un gris-testacc' fonce, avec les incisions et une stig-
matale noiratres partant du 3" jusqu'au 10" anneau. Tete et jiattes concolores.
EUe vit sur la Pyrola umbcUata et deux autres plantes dont h; nom amerieaine
seul m'est connu. EUe tile dans des feuilles vers le commencement d'aout,
et le papillon eclot des le milieu du meine mois."

Lepiodes scolopacinaria Guen., Phal, ii, 360, 1857.— "2(;"'"'. Ailes con-
colores, d'un brun-roussatre, avec les ecailles du ])oint eellidairc! noires. Les

566

superieures ayant luie bordiire assez large, d'lin gris-noir un pen plomb^,
seme d'ecailles l)laneh aires, un peu en relief, et borde de petils points noirs
internervuraux. Inf(5rieiires avec un petit trait cellulaire suivi d'une ligne
noiratre un peu ondulee, et nne bordure comme aux superieures. Dessons
h dessins plus vagues. Antennes garnies de lames reguli^res et serrdes.
Palpes droits et fbrmant nn bee court. — 9 plus grande, plus ol)longue, d'un
testacc'-jaunaire clair, avec la bordure trfes-detacbee, prdcede'e d'une ligne ou.
ombre d'un brun-ferrugineux. Faisceau d'(icailles cellulaire, traversd par une
ligne brune (oml)re mediane) placde entre deux series de points (coud(^e et
cxtrabasilaire). Ailes inferieures semblables, mais sem(ies, h la base, d'atomes
noirs. Abdomen marque'e de deux series de points h peine sensibles. Etats-
Uuis d'Amdricpie. Un c?, une 9.

"Quoique ces deux individus soient tres-dissemblables, comme on y
retrouve h peu prfes les memes dessins, je pense que ce ne sont que les deux
sexes d'une meme esp^ce. Neanmoins, il est possible qu'on retrouve les
sexes opposes, ou, encore, qu'ils soient des varidtds d'une meme espfece. La
9 rappfele, pour les couleurs, notre Xilojjhsia scolopacina."

Erratum. — Page 193, for liaveiata, read harveinta.

Note. — Contrary to my first intention, tbe descriptions of nearly every
species described liy Gruenee and Walker, but not seen by me, have been
copied into tliis work, so as to render it as complete as possible.

THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OE THE PUAU:N1D/E OF

THE UNITED STATES.

The following remarks are based on tlie species which I have been able
to examine, and not those noticed in the [)receding pages nnder the head of
Desiderata. The material has been scanty, and therefore the following essay
shonhl be regarded as merely a provisional sketch of the subject, wiiich will
require years of research to render at all complete.

The Phaltenid moths of America north of Mexico and the West Indies
may be divided into those which are inhabitants of the Arctic Realm and
North Temperate Realm, adopting these terms as restricted by Mr. J. A. Allen.*
The species belonging to the Arctic realm may be divided into two assem-
blages—one the high Arctic region, embracing Greenland and the northern,
coast of Labrador, and in one case {G. jjolata) the alpine summits of Lapland.
They have not as yet occurred south of the isotherm of 32°, viz, on the alpine
summits of New England or the Rocky Mountains. The list comprises but
four species, and there seems to be uq alpine zone comprising (liem.

PURELY ARCTIC SPECIES NOT FOUND SOUTH OF GREENLAND OR LABRADOR

NOR ON ALPINE SUMMITS.

Glaucopteryx polata. Glaucopteryx phocaria.

sabiniaria. Acidalia senlinaria.

The species which apparently range between the isotherm of 32° and
44° F., and are circumpolar in tlieir distribution, and in Europe and America
often extend southward into the lowlands of the North Temperate Realm, may
be placed under the following head (those living in Europe have an asterisk (*)

'On the Mammals and Winter Birds of East Florida, etc., BuU. Mus. Comp. Zool., ii, 3, 1&71.

567

568

jilaced opposite their name, and those confined to the Atlantic Province only
have a dagger (f) ) :

SUBARCTIC SPECIES MOSTLY COMMON TO EASTERN AND WESTERN AMERICA,

AND EUROPE-ASIA.

*(Tlauc()pteryx ca^siata. *Petropl)ora populata.

magiioliata. *Ochyria ferrugata.
Epirrila * f cambricaria (also Si- * muiiitaria.

beria). abrasaria.

*dilutata). ^ Rheiimaptera basaliata.

*Hydri()mena trifasciata. *fluctuata.

*Petrophora truncata. ^ *lugubrata.

hersiliata. *tristata.

ciinigerata. *hastata.

]iriniata (vans, lu- *Carsia pahulata.

gubrataand nu- *Operlioptera boreata.
bilata).

These species are in part members of the Canadian fauna, which is,
perhaps, not so distinctly marked for insects as for birds ; they also follow the
isothermals of 44° and 48° southward into Colorado and California. In Col-
orado, tliey range from an elevation of about 8,000 feet to tlie limit of trees
(11,000 feet). It will be observed by an examination of the isothermal line
of 44° (on the Smithsonian chart) that it runs south of Eastport, Me., passes
through Augusta, Me., runs north of Concord, N. H., and then sweeps up so
as to embrace Lake Champlain, curves south of the Adirondack Mountains,
then makes a sudden sweep in a northeasterly direction so as to embrace
Montreal ; then crosses Lakes Huron and Michigan a little south of Mack-
inac, including Lakes Erie and Ontario ; thence taking a general northwest-
erly course to the base of the Rocky Mountains near Helena, Mont. On the
Pacific coast it surrounds the Cascade range and the Sierra Nevada. But at
Victoria, Vancouver's Island, where Mr. Crotch collected several of the forms,
the annual temperature is from 48° to 52° F., coresponding to the temperature
of Southern New England and New York, Pennsylvania, and the greater
part of Ohio and the Alleghany Mountains, or the Alleghanian fauna.

The following species occur east of the Great Plains and north of Mex-
ico, a few extending into Colorado :

5()9

SPECIES INHABITING THE EASTERN PKOVINCE OE Tin; NOUTII TEMPEKATE

REALM.

Ifhcimiaptcrii iiri!iiii,Mil;i(

Enpif liecia albicapitala.
al)svii(liiata.

zygathniiata.

inispnilata.

lutcata.

straltouata.

ravocostaliata.

Glaucopteryx niiigiioliata.

Plciiiyria tliiviata.

f multilineata.

Epinita perlineata.

cambricaria.

Tliera coiitractata.

Hydrioniena trifasciata.

calitbniiata.

Petrophora truiicata.

hersiliata.

cunigerata.

prunata.

alboliueata.

atrocolorata.

testata.

populata.

diversilineata.

Ochyria munitaria.

lignicoloraria.

abra.saria.

designata.

ferrugaria.

Rheiimaptera ruficillata.

basaliata.

pariiiotata.

fluctiiata.

intcrmediata.
72 V u

laciisf lala.
bigiil)rata.
1 ristata.
hastata.
Antkdca vasiliafa.
Phibalaptcryx latinipta.

iiitestiiiata.
Hydria un(hdala.
Philercmc alljosigiiata.
Triphosa dubitata.
Lobopiiora inoqualiata.
moiitaiiata.
viridata.
veniata.
angiiiliiieata.
geminata.
Odezia albovittata.
Heliomata iiit'idata.
elaborata.
cycladata.
Heterophelps harveiata.
trigiittata.
Operhuptcra Ijureata.
Aspilates pervaria.
coloraria.
dissiiiiilaria.
lintneraria.
Cliloraspilates bicoloraria.
Stenaspilates meskearia.
Tornos rubiginosaria.
approxiinaria.
Zerene eatenaria.
IIoDmatopis grataria.

570

Species inhabiting the Eastern

Realm -

Lyfhria rilevaria.
siioviaria.
Eufidoiiia notataria.
Perconia finictaria.
Fidonia triincataria.
Eiiiaturga faxoniaria.
Orthofidonia exornata.
Caripeta divisaria.

angustioraria.
Lozograinnia disconventa.
detersata.
atropunctata.
detluata.
Eufitclna ribearia.
Thamnononia wavaria.

subcessaria.
brunnearia.
sulpliuraria.
argillacearia.
Marmopteryx strigularia.
Phasiaiie atrofasciata.
orillata.
snoviata.
mellistrigata.
trifasciata.
Psainmatodes eremiata.
Seniiothisa s-signata.

californiata,

dislocaria.

ocellinata.

piinctolineata.

granitata.

inultilineata.

Province of the North Temperate

-Continued.

Semiothisa enotata.
bisignata.
minorata.
praeatomata.
distribiiaria.
Eumacaria brunnearia.
Corycia vestaliata.

seniiclarata.
Eudeilinia herniiniata.
Deilinia variolaria.

erythemaria.
pacificaria.
Gueneria basiata.
Stegania pustularia.
Goniacidalia f'urciferata.
Calledapteryx dryopterata.
Callizzia aniorata.
Calothysanis amaturaria.
Euacidalia sericeata.
floridata.
Eois gemmata.
feiTUgata.
Astbena lucata.

albogilvaria.
Acidalia ossulata.

perirrorata.

longipennata.

peralbata.

punctofimbriata.

prod aetata.

pannaria.

albocostaliata.

insulsaria.

571

Speciks inhabiting thk Eastern

Realm-

Acidaliii rotuiulopennata.

nivosata.

onliuata.
Epliyra ixMiduIinaria.

invrtaria.
I']iU'[)liyra scrnilafa.
Dysptcris aborlivaria.
Eucrostis zelleraria.

chloroleucaria.
Nemoria subcroceata.

gratata.

pistaciata.
Aiincmoria uuitaria.
Synchlora cxcurvaria.
rul)ivoraria.
rubrifrontaria.
Aplodes rubrifrontaria.

brunnearia.

mimosaria.

rubromarginaria.

ruljrolineata.

latiaria.

approxiniaria.
Geometra iridaria.
Anisopteryx aiitumnata.

vernata.
Phigalia strigataria.
Hybernia tiliaria.
Eubyja querriaria.
ciipidaria.

cognataria.
Biston ursaria.
Paraphia unipunctaria.

Province of the North 'I'emperate
-Continued.

Paraphia subatomaria.

deplanaria.
Tcplirosia cognataria.
anticaria.
cril)rataria.
canadaria.
Cymatophora crepuscularia.
psilogramniaria.
plumosaria.
fl-linearia.
pampinaria.
humaria.
larvaria.
polysnuiniiaria.
umbrosaria.
Bronchelia liortaria.
Hemerophila unilaria.
Stenotrachelys approxiniaria.
permagnaria.
Cleora pulchraria.
Hyperetis nyssaria.
Plagodis phlogosaria.
tervidaria.
kentzingaria.
alcoolaria.
serinaria.
Nematocampa filamontaria.
Angerona crocataria.
Opisthograptis sulphuraria.
Sicya macnlaria.
Antepione deponlanata.

-sulphurata.
Epione nioUicularia.

572

Species inhabiting the Eastern

Realm-

Auagoga pulveraria.
Metrocanipa perlaria.
Tlierina ferviilaria.
en(lro[)iaria.
SKiuimidaria.
Epi irliant is obfirmaria.
Endropia pilosaria.

a])ifiaria.

(liiaria.

hypochraria.

marginataria.

viiiulentaria.

textrinaria.

niadusaria.

ainoeoaria.

armataria.

biliiiearia.

pectinaria

efFectaria.

obtiisaria.

Pprovince of the North Temperate
—Continued.

Endropia serrataria.
Azelina hiibnerata.
Selenia alniphearia.

kentaria.
Eiigonia subsignaria. •

ahiiaria.-
Caberodes cervinaria.
cayennaria.
confusaria.
majoraria.
Drepanodes varus,
puber.
Mfritanema carnaria.

inatomaria.
fjuercivoraria.
Tetracis lorata.

crocallata.
Eutrapela furciterata.
transversata.
clematata.

These species may be divided into two assemblages {a and h), corre-
sponding in part (1) to the Alleghanian and Carohnian and (2) the Louisi-
anian faunae ot" (lie ornithologists. The limits of the tirst two fauna?, as
applied to the Geometrids, are approximately between the isothermals of
48° and 60° F., and embrace the Middle States as I'ar west as the eastern
borders of Indian Territory, Kansas, and Nebraska. It corresponds in the
main to Dr. LeConte's middle and western province of the Atlantic district.*
My local lists are too scanty to be more definite, and it is probable that two
or three (the third, the Canadian) lepidopterological faunae will ultimately
be established. A number of the species may, and do, extend south and
nortii of these limits, as well as to the westward, and they include some

* The Coleoptera of Kansas and Eastern New Mexico. By J. L. LeConte, M. D. Smithsonian
Contributions, xi, 1859.

57:^

members of tlie Oaiuidian liuiiia. Tliose wliicli arc jjrobahhj iiieiiil)<;rs ot
the Carolinian fauna liavc an a.sterisk (*) prolixcd.

(a) Species found in I lie li//ii/.s (>/' tlie Alleghnnian and Carolinian fauna.

Eiipitliecia albicapilata.
absyntliiata.
miserulata.
luteata.
strattonata.
ravocostaliata,
Plemyria fluviata.

multilineata,
Epirrita perlineata.
Thcra contractata.
Hydriomena triiasciata.

caiitbrniata.
Petroi)liora truncata.

prtmata (normal form)
alboiineata.
atrocol Grata,
(liversilineata.
Ochyria lignicolorata.
(lesignata.
ferrugaria.
Rheumaptera ruticillata.

iutermediata.
lacustrata.
unangulata.
Anticlea vasiliata.
*Phil)alapteryx latirupta.

intestinata.
Hydria undulata.
Triphosa dubitata.
Lobophora inequaliata.
montaiiata.

Lol)oj)liora viridata.
veriiata.
anguilineata.
gcminata.
Odezia albovittata.
*neliomata infulata.

*elaborata.
*cycladata.
Heteroplielps liarveiata.
triguttata.
Operhoptera boreata.
*Aspilates lintneraria.
* liberaria.
Zerene catenaria.
Haematopis grataria.
*Lythria rilevaria.
Eufidonia notataria.
Fidonia truncataria.
Ematurga faxoniaria.
Orthotidonia exornata.
Caripeta divisaria.

angustioraria.
Lozogramma disconventa.
detersata.
atropunctata.
defluata.
Eufitcliia ribearia.
Tliamnonoma wavaria.

subcessaria.
sulphuraria.
brunnearia.

574

(a) Species found in limits of Alkghanian

Thamiionoiiia argillacearia.
Marmopteryx strigiilaria.
Phasiaiie orillata.

inellistrigata,
triiiisciata.
Psatnmatodes e.remiata.
Semiotliisa ocellinata.
granitata.
multilineata.
enotata.
bisignata.
miiiorata.
pra?atomata.
* Eumacaria bruiinearia.
Corjcia vestaliata.

semiclarata.
Eudeilinia henniniata.
Deilinia variolaria.

erythemaria.
Gueneria basiata.
Stegania pustulavia.
*Callizzia amorata.
*Eois ferriigata.
Astheua albogilvaria.

lucata.
*Acidalia ossulata.

prod aetata,
insulsaria.
rotundopennata.
iiivosata.
ind aetata.
4-lineata.
eacuminata.
enucleata.
Ephyra pendulinaria.

and Carolinian fauna — Continued.

Ephyra inyrtaria.
Eucrostis ehloroleucaria.
Nemoria subcroceata.

gratata.

pistaciata.
Synchlora lubivoraria.

rubrifroiitaria.
Aplodes rubritroutaria.

mimosaria.

rubromarginaria.

rubrolinearia.

latiaria.

approximaria.

* Geometra iridai-ia.
Anisopteryx autumnata.

veruata.
Phigalia strigataria.
Hybernia tiliaiia.
Eubyja cupidaria.
cogiiataria.
Bistou ursaria.
Paraphia subatoniaria.

deplanaria.
*Tei)lirosia cognataria.
anticaria.
eribrataria.
canadaria.
Cymatophora crepuscularia.
* pampinaria.
*hiimaria.
larvaria.
*umbrosaria.

* Bvouchelia liortaria.
*Hemerophila unitaria.

* Stenotraclielys approximaria.

575

(a) Species fii/iiiil in limih ofAllegltanian and Cdiolinhui fdunce — Ci)iiliinu'(l.

*Sten()tracli{>lys pcrniairnaria.
Clconi pulcliraria.
*ny|)i'rc1is iiyssaria.
Pla!j;u(lis plilosrosaria.
ferv'ularia.
kciitziiiijaria.
alcoolaria.
seriiiaria.
Nematocanipa tilaiiioiilaria.
*Angcf()Ha rrocataria.
Opisthograptis sulpiuiraria.
Sicya iiiacularia.
AntepiDiic depniifaiiata.

sLilphiirata.
* Anagoga pul veraria.
Metrocampa perlaria.
*Theriiia lervularia.

endropiaria.

*seiniiuularia.
*Epirrhantis obtirinaria.
Eiulropia pilosaria.

apiciaria.

duaria.

hypochraria.

margiiiataria.

vimik'utaria.

Eiidropia Icxlrinaria.
iiiadiisaria.

*

iiiiii;iiaria.

*armataria.

bilnieana.
pectiiiaria.
cfrectaria.--
*()l)l,iisaria.
*seiTalaria.
*Azelina hiihiuM-ata.
iSclonia alcipliearia.

keiitaria.
Eugoiiia sul)sig!iaiia.

aluiaria.
*Caberodes confusaria.
inajoraria,
*Drepanodes varus.

*puber.
Metanema caruaria.

iiiatomaria.
*qu('rciv()raria.
Tetracis lorata.

crocallata.
Eutrapela tliiciferata.

*transvcr8ata.
*clematata.

The following species occur south of the isotliernial of G0°, most of
them having been found in Texas, and the territory corresponds to LeConte's
Southern Province :

(b) Species occurring tvifhin the limits of the Louisianian fauna.

Eupithecia zygadeniata. Phibalapteryx latinipla.

Rheumaptera parinotata. Philereme albosignata.

570

(h) Species occuni))g wHliln the l/uiifs of t/ie Louis/an ia/i frnma — Continued.

Aspilates pcrvariu.
coloraria.
(lissiuiilaria.
Cliluraspilates bicoloiaria.
Stenaspilates meskeraria.
Tonios nibiginosaria.
ap|)roximaria.
Percouia fiaietaria.
Phasiane atrofasciata.
Semiothisa s-signata.

californiata.
dislocaria.
piinctolineata.
tlistribiiaria.
Eumacaria bruniiearia.
Goniacidalia furciferata.
Called apte ry x d vy o p terata.
Calotliysaiiis amaturaria.
Euacidalia sericeata.
floridata.
Eois gemmata.
feriTigata.
Acidalia ossulata.

periirorata.
longipeunata.
peralbata.
paiictofimbriata.
paimaria.
albocostaliata.
nibroinargiiiata.
ordiuata.
Epliyra luyrturia.
Euepliyra serrulata.
Dyspteris aburtivaria.

Eucrosfis /.(dieraria.

cbloroleiicaria.
Syiichlora cxcurvaria.
Apli)des bniiinearia.
Geoinetra iridaria.
Anisopteryx veniata.
Eub\ja quoniaria.
Paraphia uiiipunctaria.
Cymatopliora psilogranimaria.
[)huii().saria.
r)-linearia.
pampiuaria.
huiiiaria.
larvaria.
uinl)r()saria.
. Bronchelia hortaria.
Stenotrachelys ai)pruxiiiiaria.
Hyperetis nyssaria.
Angerona crocataria.
Epioiie mollicularia.
Theiina fervidaria.
Epirrhautis obfinnaria.
Endropia textriuaria.
madusaria.
biliiiearia.
obtusaria.
Azeliiia liiibiu'rata.
Caberodes cervinaria.
cayennaria.
confusaria.
Drepanodes varus.
Metanema qucrcivoraria.
Eutrapela transversata.
clematata.

r>ii

Of these speeies, Soniothisa oiotata probaljly extends into linizil ;
Philcreme albosiguata oeeiirs in the Bermudas, and i)r()l)ahlv in the West
Indies: and Sctuiothim ocellinafa oceiirs in (he West Indies.

The I'olliiwinif list enil)raees liiosc t()iind on the I'aeilie eoasf Iniin
Vietoria, Vaneonver's Ishind, to San Die^o, Cal., with a lew s|)eeies ()cciin-in<(
in Colorado and Kansas. It wonld l)e preinatnre to suhdiviih^ this region
into tliniue based on the facts tiius far known. Local lists from this region
are particularly desirable. An asterisk (*) is attached to the names of those
which occur in Colorado, Kansas, or Utah only.

SPECIES OCCURUING IN THE WESTERN TROVINCE.

Eupithccia rotundopiinelala.
miserulata.
longipalpata.
behrensata.
nevadata.
subapicata.
Glaucopteryx caesiata.

magnoliata.
iniplicata.
Plemyria tluviata.

. multilineata.
Epirrita 12-lineata.
Hydriomena californiata.
sordidata.
5-fasciata.
speciosata.
Pctropliora truncata.
hersiliata.
mancipata.
prunata (vars. lugubra-

ta and nubilata).
leoninata.
testata.
popiilata.
flavata.
Ochyria munitaria.

lignicoloraria.

Ochyria al)rasaria.
gueneata.
carneata.
rul)rosnfrusa(a.
lacteata.
Rhcumaptera l)ruuneieillata.
basaliata.
lacii strata,
lugubrata.
*tristata.
hastata.
Hydria uiidulata.
Philereme californiata.

*meadiata.
Triphosa dnbitata.
*Lobophora montanata.
Odezia albovittata.
calitbrniata.
*Lithostege triseriata.
rotundata.
.Gorytodes uncanaria.
Irilinearia.
" *Euaspilates spinataria.
■" Aspilates 4-fasciaria.
Hjematopis grataria.
* Lythria snoviata.
*Loxofidonia acidaliata.

73 V II

578

Species occurring m the Western Province — Continued.

Dasyfidonia aviiiicularia.
Selidosema juturnaria.
Lozogranima nigroseriata.
Thamnonoma tripunctaria.
marcessaria.
giienearia.
4-linea;ria.
sulphuraria.
*flavicana.
Marmopteryx niarmorata.
tessellata

(Arizona).
Phasiaiie oiillata.

*iiubiculata.
*snoviata.
* meadiata.
sinuata.
subminiata.
irrorata.
iieptata.
Semiothisa californiata.

granitata.
Deilinia pacificaria.
Eois occidentata.
Astheiia brunneifasciata.
Acidalia granitata.

rubroniarginata.
californiata.
rubrolineata.
subalbaria.
5-linearia.
Annemoria unitaria.
Chlorosea nevadaria.
bistriaria.
purviridaria.

Syncblora tricoloraria.
Aplodes rubrifrontaria.
Anaplodes pistaciaria,
Geomeila iridaria.
Tephrosia calitbrniaria.

canadaria.
Cymatophora larvaria.

californiaria.
* Gnophos haydenata.
Hemerophila latifasciaria.
Cleora uml)rosaria.

nigrovenaria.
Caulostoma occiduaria.
Opisthograptis sulph uraria.
Heterolocha edwardsata.
Sicya macularia.
Anagoga pulveraria.
Metrocampa perlaria.
Therina fervidaria.
Endropia niadusaria.
bilinearia.
Azelina liilbnerata.
behrensata.
Selenia alciphearia,
Tetracis triangidiferaria.

coloradaria.

parallelia.

aurantiacaria.

cervinaria.

grotcaria.

truxaliata.

aegrotata.
Eutrapela nubilatii.
ialcata.

r>7i»

Two features of iuten'sl strike one in llie (lislril)iiliMn of llie insecls of
llie I'acifie slope, viz, the absence ol' forms cliaraeterislic of .I;i|iimi and
Cliina, and (lie presence of some European ty])es wliieli do not occur in lln-
Eastern (Atlantic) province. We know so litlle of the I'liaL-enid fauna <if
China and ,la|)an Ihat tuir illuslralions must l>e horrowcd from other iinn-
ilies and insects of other (U-ders. Anions the Phahenids there are Ih/drid-
mcna soi-dklata, Pelrophoia fldrala, two species of L'lthoMege, SeUdo.semu,
Clnoplios, etc., which do not occni' in the Atlantic province, and are allied to
species or belong .to genera which occur in ivirope, but do not inhaltit North
America east of the Rocky ]\Ioun1ains. In other fanfilies of Lepidoplcra,
Papilio zulkaon represents tln^ European P. machuon, while the genus
PdiiHissius does not occur in the Atlantic province. The European Boni-
bvciil genera EpicaUia and Cdllarclia do not occur in the Atlantic province.
The Neuropterons genus Rhaphidia does not occur in tiie Atlantic States,
while Boreus calijaniicus is more like the European P. Injcmalis than the
two Atlantic species.

On the other hand, we tind in \\\v Pacific States no such development
of the geims Lit/iosia as in Eun)pe, no species of Zygoma, no true Psi/cJiidfe,
no such development of the genus Hepialus, and any species of Lasiocampa
are wanting in Calitbrnia. We miss again in the Pacific' States any species
of Tropcea, a genus linking the Atlantic or Northeastern American entomo-
logical tamia with that of Northeastern Asia. Calitbrnia has evidently not
borrowt'd her insect fauna from Northern China or Japan.

The main features in the geographical distribution of land-animals are
appai-ently the same with those of plants. Prof Asa Gray has shown* that
"almost every characteristic form in the vegetation of the Atlantic States is
wanting in California, and the characteristic plants and trees of Calitbrnia
are wanting here" (/. e., in the Atlantic States). We may, on the whole,
perhaps say of the Calitbrnian Lepi.loptera at least as Dr. Gray remarks of
the plants, that they are "as ditlcrent from [those] of the Eastern Asiatic
region (Japan, China, and Mandchiiria) as they are from those of Atlantic
North America. J'heir near relatives, when they have any in otiier lands,

are mostly southward, on the .Mexican plateau The sanu' may

be said of the [in.sects] of the intervening great plains, except that north-

• Address at Dubuque meeting of tlio AiiuMkaii Assoc. Adv. SL-iencf, An;;., IST;^.

580

ward and in tlie subsaline [insects*] there are some close alliances with
tlie [insects] of the steppes of Siberia. And along the crests of high
mountain-ranges, the arctic-alj)ine [insect-fauna] has sent southward more or
less numerous representatives through the whole length of the country ''
(p. 10). He then refers to the astonishing similarity of the flora of the
Atlantic United States with that of Northeastern Asia. (_)ur actual knowl-
edge of the insect-species of Northeastern Asia is most vague compared
with that of tlic l)otanist, and the comparison we have drawn relates only to
generic types.

SPECIES COMMON TO TEMPERATE AMERICA AND EUROPE.

Eupithecia absynthiata. ' Hydria undulata.

Plemyria fluviata. Triphosa dubitata.

Hydriomena trifasciata. Carsia paludata.

sordidata. Operhoptera boreata.
Petrophora prunata (normal form). Thamnonoma wavaria

testata. brunnearia.

Ochyria designata. Cymatophora crepuscularia.

ferrugai'ia. Anagoga pulveraria.

Rheumaptera unangulata. Eugonia alniaria.

In the following list, the Colorado species are included in the Pacific,
province :

SPECIES COMMON TO THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC PROVINCES.

Eupithecia miserulata. Petrophora hersiliata.
Glaucopteryx caesiata. prunata (vars.lugubra-

magnoliata. ta and nubilata. )

Plemyria fluviata. testata.

multilineata. populata.

Hydriomena californiata. Ochyria munitaria.
Petrophora truncata. lignicoloraria.

* Dr. LeConte bas noticed tlie similarity of our saline-plaius Coleoiitcra, comprising so many
species of Tencbrionidw, to the f.ama of the deserts and steppes of Asia. (Proc. Anier. Assoc. Adv. Sci.,
IH.'Jl, Albany mcetin"-, 2.')2.) He also states that "the only manner in -which the insect fauna of Cali-
fornia approaches that of Europe is in the great abundance of apterous Tenebnoiiida-. But in this
respect it does not differ from a large part of South America ; and by the very form of these Tenehrio-
ni(te, which bear no resemblauce .at all to those of Euroije, the greater relation of the Californian fauna
to that of the rest of America is clearly proved."

581

Speciks common to the. Atlantic and J'acific 1'uovinces — Couliiuifil

Ocliyria abrasaria.
Rheimiaptcra basaliata.

iinan<:iilata.

lugul)rata.

liastata.

tristata.
Ilydria iindulata.
Tripliosa dubitata.
Odczia all)ovittata.
HcTinatopis grataria.
Phasiane orillala.
Seniiol hisa call tbniiata.

granitata.
Acidalia rubromargiiiata.

Aplodes iHibrilVoularia.
Geomctra iridaria.
Tephrosia canadaria.
Cymatoplioia larvaria.

calitbriiiaria.
Opisthograptis sulphiiraria.
Sicya macularia.
Anagoga pulveraria.
Metrocampa perlaria.
Therina fervidaria.
Endvopia madiisaria.
biliiiearia.
Azelina hiibnerata.

Selenia alciphearia.

Of the fono\ving genera, most are apparently of tropical origin, and those
with an asterisk (*) are found on the Pacific slope only.

genera peculiar to north and south AMERICA.

Heliomata.

Heterophelps.

*Gorytodes.

*Euaspilates.

Chloraspilates.

Stenaspilates.

Tornos.

Zerene.

Hsematopis.

*Loxofidonia.

*Dasyfidonia.

Orthofidonia.

Caripeta.

Eufitchia.

Marmopteryx.

Eumacaria.

Eudeilinia.

Gueneria.

Goniacidalia.

Calledaptcryx.

Callizzia.

Euacidalia.

*Ceratodalia.

Euephyra.

Dysptcris.

*Aunenioria.

*Chiorosea.

Synchlora.

Racheospila.

Aplodes.

Anaplodes.

Paraph ia.

Bronchelia.

Steuotrachelvs.

582

The pDllovving list embraces those geneiii mentioned l)y Giienee as
occurring in Central and Sonth America, chiefly the tropics, hut whicli do
not occur in 1ho I'nited States. Those whicli occur in Mexico have an aster-
isk (*) prelixed.

GENERA WHICH OCCUR IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA.

Urapteryx.

*Ripula.

Pericallia.

Odonto])era.

Cirsodes.

Sabulodcs.

Mucronodes.

Ciniicodes.

Clysia.

*0.xydia.

Crocopteryx.

Cratoptera.

Gynopteryx.

Tetragonodes.

Periclinca.

Apicia.

Melinodes.

Drepanogynis (and S. Al'rica).

*Synnomos.

Hyperythra (and East Indies).

Leucula.

Erosina.

Syne mi a.

Meticulodos.

Bi-yoptera.

Stellidia.

Achlora.

Phyle.

Amaurinia (and Asia).

*Ametis.

Mecoceras.

Almodes (Hayti).

Palyas.

Ophthalmophora.

Byssodes.

Nnmia (West Indies).

Cyphoi)teryx.

Anisodes (and East Indies).

Asellodes.

Trygodes.

Hyria (and India).

Cambogia.

Cleta (and Asia-Europe).

Odysia.

Cnemodes.

Somatina (and Asia).

Zanclopteryx (and Asia).

Berberodes.

Pigia (and Asia).

Syngria.

Falci nodes.

Erosia (Asia and Africa).

Schidax.

Molybdophora.

Syllexis.

Acratodes.

Sphacelodes.

Cyclomia.

Pansethia (and Borneo).

Rhyparia (and Europe-Asia).

583

Gknera which occur in Central and South America — ('(julimicd.

Piuitherodes.

Fiilgiirodes.

Peiigrauima.

Bombycodes.

Nipteria.

*Cosmetodes.

Rhopalodes.

Scordylia.

Polysemia.

Svrtodes.

Diiicurodes.

Syl)iint(!s.

Psaliodcs.

Tcrenodes.

Hedyle.

Venodes.

Phillinodes.

Erateina.

Emplocia.

The following list comprises those European genera not found in Amer-
ica, and which are probably of Asiatic and African origin. The list,' like the
foregoing, is compiled from Guenee's work. Walker's lists not having lieen
used, as they are so unreliable.

EUROPEAN GENERA NOT FOUND AS YET IN THE UNITED STATES.

Therapis.

Venilia (and Asia).

Crocallis (and Tasmania).

Himera.

Ghondrosoma.

Nyssia (and Asia).

Apocheima (Asia and Africa).

Nychiodes (and Asia).

Calamodes.

Dasydia.

Psodos.

Pygrasena.

Boletobia.

Pseudoterpna (and Asia).

Phorodesma (and Asia, Brazil,

and Tasmania).
Thetidia (and Africa).
Hemithea (and Asia).

Eupistheria.
Pellonia (and Asia).
Aleucis.

Eilicrinia (and Asia).
Strenia.

Cinglis (and Asia).
Rhoptria.
Ploseria.

Scodiona (and Africa and Tas-
mania).
Eusarca.
Heliothea.
Cleogene.
Anthometra.
Minora.

Scoria (and S. America).
Sterra (aiul Surinam).
Hypoplectis.

584
European genera not found as yet in the United States — Continued.

Abraxas (and Asia). Eubolia (and Asia, Africa, and
Ligdia (and Asia). ! Chili).

Lomaspilia. Anaitis (and Asia).

Orthostixis. Chesias.

Acalia. Siona (and Asia).

Eminelesia. Gypsochroa (and Asia).

CoUix (and Asia and Africa). Staninodes (and Asia).

Pelurga. Tanagra.

Of the genera foinid in Nortli America, species of Hcteroloclta occur in
Asia Minor, Abyssinia, Quito, and Venezuela, o^ HemerophUam the Eastludies
and Asia; Gnojjhos, which has but a single species in North America (in
Colorado), is very fully represented in Europe and Asia; lod'is occurs in
Europe, Asia and India, Australia, Tasmania, and Brazil; Acidalia is cosmo-
politan, species occurring in the -several continents and Tasmania, Mada-
gascar, Isle Bourbon, Mauritius, Cape of Good Hope, and Chili.

ON CLIMATIC VARIATION IN THE PIIAL^ENIDyE.*

In examining into some of tiie causes of variation among species, atten-
tion is naturally given tirst to the influence of meteorological or climatic
agencies upon organisms. In order to study the variation due to climatic
causes, it is necessary to have before us individuals from regions as wiile
apart as possible. In studying the subject as applied to our arctic and alpine
species of PhaUenidas, I have been fortunate enough to obtain individuals of
the same species from Iceland, Norway, and the Alps of Central Europe,
while I he arctic species found in Lal)rador and the White Mountains have
been studied under tolerably favorable auspices. In the summer of 1875, I
was enal)led, by a few weeks' connection with Professor Hayden's Survey,
to make a superficial examination of the insect-fauna of Colorado and Utah
above an elevation of 8,000 feet, and to do some work above timber-line on the
alpin(! summits of Arapahoe, Gray's,and Pike's Peaks in Colorado. The rcvsults
of my collecting fully confirmed the impressions I had received from the col-

• The remarks under this head are reproduced, with some additions and alterations from au essay
" On the Geographical Distribution of the Moths of Colorado", in the Annual Report of the United States
Ge()lor;ical and Cicographical Survey of the Territories for 1873.

585

k'ctions received I'loiu Liciiteiuiiit (!ar|)('nlcr, UnilctI .Slates Army, iiiid icpurted
on by himself and me in llayden's Annual Re[)(jr( for 1S7.''. Tiic results
obtained by Lieutenant Carpenter (Miabled me to say "that on I lie peaks almvc
a line ot" 12,000 ("eet, the lit una is as truly al|)ine as on the sum mils ol' llie Alps
or I he t<)|i of Mount \\'ashinii;ton in New Hampshire. Several species oi!(!ur
there which are also found on liie Swiss Alps, as well as Mount Washinirlon,
and in Labrador and (ireeidaiid. al the level of the sea." Among the Ijul-
terthes, Oenels seiiildea, previously only found on the sumn)it of Mount Wash-
ington, N. H., has been found by Litnitenant Carpenter at 12,000 feet eleva-
tion, and 1 found it at about the same elevation on Pike's Peak in the summer
of 1875. This establishes the complete identity of the faunae of the alpine
summits of the United States at or above the snow-line.

The following table shows the distribution of the alpini^ and arctic
Lepidoptera up to this lime known to inhabit the alpine summits of Colorado.
It will be observed that no purely arelie Phahenid moth inhal)its any alpine
summit in the United States.

Oeneis semidca

Arcti.iqneuselii

Aiiarta melanopa . . .
Agrotis islandica " . .
Plusia bochenwarthi

»

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X

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X

X

X

X

Besides Anarta melanopa, two other species {A. quadrilunata and A.
suhfuscula Grote) are recorded from Colorado by Mr. Grote. These two
species are closely allied to Anarta melanopa and richardsoni. {A. alg'ida)
respectively. Chionohas chryxm has been titund by ,Mr. \\ . 11. I'dwards to
occur both in Colorado and Hudson's Bay, while another species (C. ultleri)
inhabits Colorado.

The following table shows the distribution of fourteen species of
Phalcenidce, most of which are found in Colorado, between an elevation of

* The Colorado and Pacific coast form of this species is regarded by Mr. Grote as a distinct species,
and described by bim under the name of Agrotis auxiliaris. For my reinark.s on i-ilaiidku, see Haydons
Aunnal IJeport, 1S73, p. 5.')o.

74 P H

586

from 8,000 or 9,000 feet to about 11,000 feet, or the " timber-line" — i.e., the
limits of trees. They are subalpiue and circumpolar species, and some also
occur in the highlands of North Temperate America and Europe-Asia.

Glaucopteryx csesiata

Epirrita carabiicaria

Epirritadilutata

Hydriomena trifasciata. .
Petropboia truncata - . . .
Petiophora pninata Tars
Petropboia popiilata . . . .

Petropbora testata ,

Ocbyria ferrugaria

Ocby ria iminitaria

Rbeumaptera fluctuata. .
Ebeiimaptera liigubrata .
Rbeumaptera tristata ...
5benniaptera bastata . . .

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Though P. testata and R. lugithrnta have not occurred on Mount Wash-
ington, it is found in other parts of New England. We may also expect to
find Epirrita dUutata in Colorado and the Pacific coast, as it is common iu
Newfoundland and occurs in Labrador and Canada, and will probably be
found in the highlands of New England.

This table indicates how wide are the limits of distribution of these
species, and it will be seen how important it is to follow circumpolar'and
north-temperate insect-faunae around the globe, from continent to continent.
It will then be seen how inadequate must be our views regarding the geo-
graphical distribution of the animals and plants of our own continent, without
specimens from similar regions in the same zones in the Old World. It will
be found that for the study of the insect-fauna of the Rocky Mountains and
Pacific coast we must have ample collections from the Ural and Altai
Mountains and surrounding plateaus, while a study of the Japanese and
Hindoo-Chinese faunse must accompany examinations of the species of the
Atlantic fauna ; just as we are obliged, while examining the Atlantic fauna,

5R7

to study West Iiuliaii, Cfiitial Aiucricaii, and evon tropical South AiiH'iicaii
forms, several members ol" wliicli spread as far north as tlie headwaters of
the Mississippi, aiul even Maine and Canachi.

The tacts presenled in the hody of Ihis \vorl\ reiiardin^ the vaiialion in
size between Atlantic and Pacific coast examples of the same species, liiout,di
scanty, indicate the existence of some interesting laws of climatic variation,
which tend to confirm tlie generalizations estal)lished I »y Professor Baird *
ami Messrs. Allen and Ividgway as regards the avitiuina of Nortli America.
1 should, however, state that the fiict of variation in shape of t lie wings,
chiefly, however, variation in size, was forced u[)on me ijy a study of the speci-
mens themselves, without at the time having tin; views of our orifithologists
in mind. In all the species enumerated in the following list, the Colorado
examples (when the species have been found to occur there) and the Pacific-
coast individuals are larger, and in some cases with longer, more pointed
wings than in those from Labrador or the Eastern Atlantic States, and in a
few cases show a tendency to become lighter in color.

SPECIES GROWING TO .V (JKEATER SIZE ON" THE PACIFIC TllAX ATLANTIC COAST. f

Glaucopteryx cscsiata. Zerene catenaria.

magnoliata. Phasianc orillata.

Plemyria fluviata. Semiothisa californiata.
• Hydriomena californiata. granitata.

Petrophora truncata. Aplodes ridjrifrontaria.

prunata var. lugu- Geometra iridaria.

brata nubilata. Tephrosia cauadaria

Ochyria munitaria. Opisthograptis sul|)huraria.

abrasaria. Anagoga pulveraria.

Rheumaptera basaliala. Metrocampa perlaria.

lugubrata. i\Ierina fervidaria.

Hydria undulata. Endro[)ia bilinearia.

Triphosa dubitata. Azelina hUbnerata.

* " The Distribution and Migrations of Nortli American Birds," in Amer. Jourii. Sc. and Arts, xii,
Jan. and Marcli, 186G. See also J. A. Allen, Bull. Mas. Couip. Zoiil., ii, 1871, " On ludividiial and Geo-
graphical Variation among Birds, ic." ; and P. Pidgway, '• Ou the Relation between Color aud Geograph-
ical Distiibutiou in Birds as exhibited in Melanism and Iljperchromisni,'' in Amer. .Journ. Sc. Arts, iv,
Dec, 18(2, p. 454 ; v, Jan., 187:?, p. 39.

t To this list may be added the following species belonging to other families of moths : Pkrophorus
einereidactylus, Draateria erechtea, Plusia Hochenwarthi, Agrotis islandica, and Lilhosia argiltacca.

588

In a few cases, as in Glnucopteryx ccBsiata and Rheximaptera luguhrala,
the Pacific-coast specimens resemble the European examples more than those
from the Atlantic coast.

It would seem as if these differences were almost wholly due to climatic
causes. The climate of the Rocky Mountains and of Vanc(niver's Island is
much warmer than that of Northern New England, the highlands of
British America, and Lal)ra(loi-. The mean annual temperature of Victoria,
Vancouver's Island, is 48° F.; that of New York City being 52° F., while
that of Denver, Colo., is 48° F., and of the Rocky Mountains from 44° to
40° F.; that of Northern New England being from 44° to 40° F. ;
the White IVIountains and the Adirondacks and the region north of the
Great Lakes being 40° F., while that of Labrador is from 32° to 30°
F. The annual rain-fall of Victoria, Vancouver's Island, is 3^ inches; at
the mouth of the Columbia River, it is 80 inches ; while that of Saint John's,
Newfoundland, is G3 inches (this is probably the same as that of the southern
and eastern coast of Labrador). The rain-fall of Denver, Colo., is 12 inches,
while, of course, that of the more elevated portions of the Rocky Mountains
is probably nearly 20, though no data are given in the Smithsonian charts.
The rain-fall of the Rocky Mountain region is colored in Guyot's map the
same as that of the Ural and Altai Mountains. The annual rain-flill of Fort
Dalles, Oreg., is 20 inches, while that of Walla- Walla, a little farther east-
ward, is 16 inches. Oh the other hand, that of Nertchinsk, in the Altai
Mountains, is 17 inches, while that of Peking is 24 inches ; so that the annual
rain-fall of the elevated plateaus of Northeastern Asia and Colorado is nearly
the same. Again, the annual rain-fall of the Alps, on their southern slopes,
is from 60 to 90 inches ; here we have conditions quite similar to those of
the Cascade range in Oregon.

These meteorological flicts seem to explain the corresponding zoo-geo-
gra[)hical data given above. The warmer and more humid Pacific slopes of
America cause a more luxurious growth, a greater development of the periph-
eral parts of the body, and slight changes in coloration. The climatic con-
ditions of the Rocky Mountains and Alps being more alike than those of the
White Mountains and Alps, we have certain identical features in the variation
of the alpine species of moths of those two ranges of mountains, which are
not found in comjiaring White Mountain and Labrador individuals with those
from the Alps of I^urope.

It will be seen from the facts we have presented that the moths probably

fi)llow, as regards size, a law the reverse of that estal)lishc(l by Professor Baird
tor the birds and mammals, who shows that they decrease in size southward,
though his law of increase in Ihc lengtli ot" certain [)eri|)heral parts wi'sf ward
also obtains in the Lopidoplera. '^Piie increase in size westward is, ol edurse,
e([nivalent to tiie well-known soulliward increase ol' size in insects; liiougii
in a few species of insects, the Colorachtn and Calil'oinian examples are larger
than Floridan and Texan insects of the sanu; species.

Of the iii.sects mentioned in the list, Pliisia hncltpmvartlii is the
clearest example (1) ol' the laws of increase in size westward and south-
ward ; (2) increase in length ol' peripheral parts westward; (.'>) l)rigiiter,
deeper colors westward.

These facts in the geographical distribution of insects, though they can
harilly be called laws until confirmed by a greater nund)er of data drawn
from all orders of insects, yet illustrate lo my mind how far climatic variation
extends as a lactor in jn-oducing [)rimary dillerences in faun;e within tin- same
zone of temperature. Varietal and, in some cases, specific dilferences may
have arisen in Asia, Europe, and America from the climatic causes above;
stated, but still these were in many cases perhaps inadecpiate in accounting
for the present wide distribution of circumpolar species. Here continuity of
land, geological as well as meteorological causes, were tiictors. And so, on
the other hand, in accounting for the species and types of genera which dis-
tinguish faunas in zones of similar temperature, geological causes have been
the main factor in their production. For instance, we cannot explain the
similarity between tin; insect-fauna ol' the Pacific States and Colorado and
that of Eastern Europe and Central Asia without supposing the original
migration of the ancestors of the present circmnpolar species from a conunon
source, the supposed Tertiary Arctic continent, and the ])reservation of their
descendants in their present areas through similar climatic and physical
causes.

ON THE ORIGIN OF THE PRESENT DISTRIBUTION OF THE PITAL.^DNID.E OF NORTH

AMERICA.

Having attempted to show that the Phalcenidie of America north of
Mexico are composed fundamentally of three elements, viz, of s[)ecies belong-
ing to the Tropical American, North Temperate American, and Circumpolar
realms, we venture to speculate upon the origin of their present mode ot dis-
tribution. That the trojncal .Vinerican forms in our insect-fauna originally

590

inigratcd from Central Amc'rica by llirec avenues — /. c, the Pacific coast, the
central plateau of the Cordilleras, and .the Atlantic coast — no one will proba-
bl}' deny. As regards the present arctic fauna, which is trul}' circunipolar
and scarcely more marked in America than Europe-Asia, and has alpine out-
liers on the alj)ine summits of the Ural and Altai ranges of Asia, the Alps
of Central Eurojte, and the mountains of Scandinavia, as well as the elevated
coast of the Labrador jdateaii and the alpine summits of the Alleghany and
Rocky Mountains (including the Cascade range and Sierra Nevada of the
Pacific coast), we are i()rced to believe that they have originated in circum-
])olar lands, and have migrated southward cotemporaneously with the advance
southward of the glacial climate. It is not improbable that during the height
of the glacial period, when it prevailed over a large portion of the north
temperate zone, the number of species of insects were greatly in excess of
what it is at present, and that the existing arctic land-fauna is but a remnant
of what it was in the height of the Quaternary period. As regards the origin
of this Quaternary land-tauna, vv'e are naturally led to conclude that it must
be the ancient inhabitants of the Tertiary continent of Arctic America and
Europe-Asia, of which the Arctic-American Archipelago, Greenland, and Spitz-
bergen are the remnants. This view is borne out by the fact that not only
Tertiary, but even several Ch-etaceous forms of marine invertebrates, are still
living at great depths in the arctic and north temperate seas.

We are now restricted to a consideration of the origin of our north tem-
perate inscct-tauna. Here absolute facts are wanting, as no fossil insects
common to Temperate and Arctic America have yet been tbuud, and we are
thrown back on the facts and speculations aflbriled Ijy palaeontological bot-
anists, referring the reader for the facts as to the identity of certain species
in the Miocene Tertiary plants of Europe witii those of Spitzbergen and
Arctic America to the writings of Heer, who shows that the Miocene "flora
of Europe had almost entirely an American character",* and to the results of
the studies of the Tertiary and Cretaceous flora of North America by Profes-
sor Newberry, and more especially those of Mr. Lesquereux in Hayden's
Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories for
1872, and his sul)se(pu'nt reports and works i)nblislied by the Survey.

The results of these studies confirmed certain speculations previously

" "NordiiDskiiUd, The foniiei- ClimaU' iif tlu: Polar Regions", in Geological Magazine, Loudon,
IS?,"; ; American Naturalist, vol. x, 308, 1870.

5i)l

nuulc I)}' Prul. Asa (Jray. '' I (jikiIi' llic al>stract of liLs virus given in liis
"Address".

"^Jlie singular relations between the Japanese llora and iIkiI hI' Ndrlli-
eastern America gave rise to the speculalions wliicli were pnlilislicd
"before Heer had developed tlic rich Inssil l)()tauy ol' llir arclic zone; licliin;
the immense antiquity of existing si)eoi('s of plants was recognized ; and
before the publication of Darwin's now famous volume on the 'Origin of
Species' had introduced and familiarized the scientific world with those now
current ideas respecting the history and vicissitudes of species witli which I
attempied to deal in a moderate and feeble way.

"Mv si)eculation was based upon tlie former glaciation of the northern
temperate zone, and tlie inference of a warmer period preceding and perhaps
following. 1 considered that our own present vegetation, or its proximate
ancestry, must have occupied the arctic and subarctic regions in I'lioceue
times, and that it had l)een gradually pushed southward as the temperature
lowered and the glaciation advanced, even beyond its present hal)itation ; that
plants of the same stock and kindred, probably ranging round the arctic zcnie
as the present arctic species do, made their forced migration southward ujjon
widely different longitudes, and receded more or less as tlie climate grew
warmer: that the general diiference of climate wiiich marks the eastern an<l
the western sides of the continents — the one extreme, the other mean— was
doubtless even then estabhshed, so that the same species and liie same sort
of species would be likely to secure and retain foothold in the sinular climates
of Japan and the Atlantic United States, l)ut not in intermediate regions of
different distribution of heat and moisture.: so that different species of the
same geiuis, as in Torreya, or different genera of the same group, as Redwood,
Taxodium, and Glyptostrobus, or different associations of forest-trees, might
establish themselves each in the region best suited to the particular require-
ments, while they would iivil to do so in any other. These views implied that
the sources of our actLuil vegetation and the explanation of these peculiarities
were to be sought in, and presupposed, an ancestry in Pliocene or still earlier
times, occupying the higher northern regions. And it was tliought that the
occurrence of peculiarly North American genera in Europe in the Tertiary
period (such as Taxodium, Carya, Liquidambar, Sassafras, Xegundo, &c.)
might be best explained on the assumption of early interchange and ditfusion
through North Asia rather than by that of the flibled Atlantis."

•Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, vi, pp. 'm-ioS, 16iJ9. See also his
address at the Diibnque meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, held
August, 1S72. Sec also American Naturalist, vi, ."wT, 1^7-,'.

592

This solution of the problem of the origin of a large proportion of the
-*pecies of insects of" our North Temperate realm was adopted by the writer
in an article in the "American Naturalist".* It is evident that the distribu-
tion of insects is closely dependent on that of plants, and that the origin of
our insect-fauna was contemporaneous and followed the vicissitudes of our
tlora.

The theory advanced by Heer and others, and still persisted in by
authors, of an intercontinental bridge between the temperate zones of
America and Europe and America and Asia, besides being opposed by
geological reasons of weight, is entirely useless in accounting for the present
distribution of insect-life in the temperate zone, as there is a marked absence
of Asiatic forms on the Pacific coast, and the presence of what few there are
may be accounted for on the hypothesis of their derivation from a Tertiary
arctic continent. On the other hand, there are some remarkable features
that ally the lepidopterous tauna, at least of the Pacific coast, to that of
Europe, and which are wanting in the Eastern or Atlantic ])rovince. The
presence of the tew European temperate forms occurring in temperate
America may be explained by the hypothesis of their migration from a Ter-
tiary arctic continent. Indeed, the ancestors of the Pacific-coast Ehaphidia,
Farnassius, Papilio zolicaon, Epicallia, and Callarctia, which are true Euro-
pean-Asiatic types, may have inhabited the arctio Tertiary continent, of which
Greenland and Spitzbergen are the remains ; and their descendants forced
southward have probably lost their foothold in the Atlantic region, and some,
like the Sequoia, survived in California and others in Europe.

Something more than similarity of climate is required to account for the
presence of such generic types, common to the western shores alone of two
continents; hence community of origin, with high antiquity, and a southward
migration of forms not of tropical origin, are the fiictors needed to work out
the problem.

That something of this sort has taken place in marine animals we know
to be the fact. Certain forms, now supposed to be extinct on the coast
of New England and Scandinavia, such as YoM'ta aicticaXjYixy {Niiciila port-
landica Hitchcock), are still living in the seas of Greenland and Spitzbergen.

" .Inly, 1S7;!, vol. vii, 4.53. See also Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natnral History for May
7, 1S73, jniijlishcd Jaunary, 1874, and an article entitled " On the Geographical Distribution of the Moths
of Colorado", from the Anunal Report of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the
Territories for 187:!, p. 54:i (1875).

'^J^lic Qiiiitcniary laiiiiu ol .Maine iiidicali's a iiiiicli nunc piiicly aictn- assciu-
hlain' llian is at presrnl to l)c fonnd.* 'I'iiis is also tlif rase willi tlir Scaiuli-
navian Quaternary liuina, accordiny to tiie researches ol tlic late I'rol'. M.
Sars As wo liave het'ore s'now n, in the I'ssa}' just referred to, the eirenni-
iiolar marine iiiuna extends down aloni^' tlie eoast ol' Nortiieastern America
and ol Europe, and the forms common to tiie two shores are ciicnmpolar
forms, memhers of the ciicumpohir /.o(ih)gical reahn. I'lnrope. in all piol)ii-
l)ilitv, did not borrow any of her specitic forms fr(Mn America: hut both have
i)een. in part, peopled tVom a purely circumpolar fauna. if ihere has iieeii
anv borrowing, it has iieeu on the pai'l of ]<]urope, since the lossil musk-
shee|) {Oi^ihoti) of France; and ('(Mitral JMirope is said to Ite identical wilii
the uuislv-sheep of arctic America. 80. also, on the coast of Northeastern
Asia and Alaska are circumpolar forms, which have evidently ijcen borne i»y
arctic currents down each coast. The forms which an; identical (u- repre-
sentative on those two coasts are s[)ccies derived from the circumpolar fauna:
so the forms which are so strikingly similar in Xortheru ,la|)au to those on
the coast of New England are, if we mistake no<, also derivi^d from the
nortiiward. From the consideration of these facts, we are led to accept the
conclusion that congeneric forms occurring on tlie I'acilic slope of Nmlh
America, as well as Europe and Asia, are the remnaulsof a southward migra-
tion from polar lands during Tertiary times, and, in proportion to the iiiirh
anticpiity of the migrations, there have been changes and extinctions, causinir
the present anomalies in the distribution of organized Ix'inas wiiich are now
so diliicult to account for on any other hypothesis. For this reason, it is not
improl)al)le that those species of insects which are nuuc or less cosmopolite
(and independently .so of human aLrency) are the mo.<t ancient, just as some
forms taxonomically the most remote are remnants of eaili(;r geoloijical
periods. For example, the curious anomalies in the geographical <listril)ution
of Limulns, the genus only occurring on tlie eastern coasts ol Asia and
North America, accord with its isolation from other Crustacea. Geological
extinction lias gone hand in hand with geogra|)hical isolation. It was not an
uncommon form in Europe in the Jurassic period, aiul was preceded by other
Merostomata in the Pala;ozoi(^ periods.

• " Glacial Pbeuomena of Labrador and Mainn," by A. S. Packard, .jr., in JKnioirs of Boston Society
of Natural History, i, 1865.
75 P H

.Mil

As regards llic I'iiciUc-rdasI and (Joloradiaii species, wliich are similar
to those inlialMtiiiir the plateaus of the Ural and Altai Mountains, such as
the two species of Litliostcgc, Euasjiilafes, and Caulostoma, each of these
have representatives which do not occur in Northeastern America nor in
Western Europe, but are to be found in Central, Southern, and Eastern
Europe and Asia Minor, Turkey, and Western Asia, but not in India or
Eastern Asia, /. c , China or Japan, so tar as yet known. Now, in order to
account for this identity of (jeneric types in regions so remote, we are led to
suppose tiiat the nearly identical meteorological features of the plateau of
Western America and of Asia tiivored tlieir preservation, their ancestors
having migrated from an arctic continent to the northward, while forms,
either identical or allied, existing in intermediate areas have become extinct.
We may imagine that much the same continuity of life existed, in Mesozoic
and 'i'ertiary times, in the ancestors of the inhabitants of the north tem-
perate zone as now exists in the frigid zone, and composing the circum-
polar liuina, and that, in fact, this north temperate fauna of the globe was,
in Mesozoic and Tertiary times, the then circumpolar fauna.

As regards the theory as to the origin of the European insect-fauna,
that of Dr. Jiiger seems in jiart plausible, He considers, according to
Hoffmann, that it is composed of three elements: 1. A Glacial tiiuna, which
inhabited Europe during the Glacial period; 2. Species which during the
Glacial epoch retired into the Mediterranean region, and which since then
have recrossed the AIjjs ; 3. The larger compose a group which originally
emigrated from the North of Asia (Siberian iiiuna). Hoffmann adopts this
view for Diurnal Lepido])tera. See an abstract of his views in the Bulletin de
la Societe entomologique de Belgique, May, 1S74. The original is in Wiirtem-
bergcr naturwissenschaftliche Jahresln.'ften, 1873. We have not met with
any a])j)licalion, however, of Heer's discoveries and speculations to zoo-
geography by European entomologists

lU lU. l()(iK A J'JIY.

Tin' rolliiwiiig list givt'H tile lilU's of such works iis arc rofcncil to in tlic pii'vioiw liafji's, aiiil may
111' n jjanli'il as a bibliogia|)li,v ol' tlin I'lialn nidn of tlic Uiiili'il Stall's.

Agassiz Lake SiiiJOiior, Us pliysical cliaiacter, vepictatioii, and animals, coinpaifd
with those of other and similar regions. IJy Louis Agassi/,. IJoston, ISfid. 8'^.

Boisditval. Genera et' index metiiodiens euroiia'ornm lepidopterornm, a J. A. liois-
(hivai. Parisiis, 1810. 12°. i)p. l2;iS.

Borkhausen. Naturgeschiciite der euro])iiischer Schmetteriinge nach s.vstematischer
Ordnuiig. Vou M. B. Borkhausen. Frankfurt, 178S-1M.

Bremer. Scbmetterliuge vou Ost-Siberiens. Von O. Bremer. 18(il.

Clerck. Icones in.sectorum variorum etc. Auctoro C. A. Clerck. Ilolinia', 17.~»!).

Cramer. Papillous exotiijues des trois parties du monde, i^tc, a Pierre Cramer.
Utrecht, 177.J-8L'. (Supplementary volume by 8toll 1787-96.)

Curtis. British entomology; being illustrations and (lescri|>tions of the genera of
insects found in Great Britain and Ireland: containing coloured figures from
natiire,ete. By John Curtis. Vol.vi. Lepidoptera, part L'. London, 182;5-t(l. 8°.

Aiipcndix to Koss's second voyage. Description ofthe insects brought home by

Com. J. C. Eo.ss, second voyage. 1831. 1°.

De Geer. Memoircs pour servir a riiistoire des iu.sectes. Par Ciiarles I)c Geer.
Stockholm. Tom. i. 17.">1.', ii-vii. 1771-78. 4°. Tom. i. Lepidoptera.

Dennis and Schiffermiller. Systematisches Verzeichniss der Schmetterlinge der Wie-
ner Gegcnd. Ilcrausgegebeu von einigen Lehrern am k. k. Theresianum. Wieii,
1770. 42. 1)1). 3-*:^

Drury. Illustrations of natural history, etc. By T)ru Drnry. Ijindon. V. Vol.1,
1770. Vol. 2, 1775. Vol. 3, 1782.

Second edition, edited by .1. O. Westwood. London, J 837-42.

DuponcheL Histoire naturelle des lepidopteres ou papilions de France. (Continua-
tion de I'ouvrage de Godart.) Par P. A. J. Dupomhtl. Tom. vi. (1820)— xi.
(1838). Supplement, toni. i. (i8:;2)— iv. (1842). 80.

Catalogue methodiipie des lepidopteres d'Europe distribues en families, tribns

et genres, etc. Par P. A. J. Duponchel. Paris, 1844. S'^. pp. r)20.

Fabricius. Fabricii eutomologia systematica. Hafnia\ 1702-1)8. 8^.

3hnitissa iusectorum, etc. Hafnia', 1787. 8^.

Fitch. The American currant moth (Abraxas.' ribearia). By Asa Fitch. Uriginally
published in the Transactions of the New York State Agiicultural Society, vii.
Albany, 1848.

— Heport oil the iiosions, beneficial aud other insects of the State of New York,

'etc. By Asa Fitch. 1-12, 185(i-(J8, 8°. (From Transactions of the New York State

Agricultural Society.)
Fieyer. Beitrage zur Geschichte euro])iiischer SchmetterliDge mit Ahbildungen iiach

(lir Natur von C F. Freyer. Augsburg, 18oo-r)8.

Guenee. llistoire naturelle des iusectes. Specie.s general des lepidopteres par MM.
Boisduval et Guenee. Tome 0™°. Urauides et Plialenites, par M. A. Gueuee. 2
vols. 8o. Paris, 1857. pp. 514, 584, with atlas of 24 plates.

Harris. A report on the insects of Massachusett.s injurious to vegetation, etc. By T.
W. Harris. Cambridge, 1841. So. ]ip. 450.

Haworth. Le|)idoi)tera Britanuica, etc. By A. H. Ilawortli. Loudon, 1803-21).

Herrich-Schaeffer. Systematische Bearbeituug der Schmetterlinge von Europa,

zugleich als Text, Kevision nnd Supplement zu Jakob Hiibner's Sauimlung euro-

piiischer Schnutterlinge, von Dr. G. A. "\V. llerrich-Schiifiier. Band i-vi, 1843-51!.

Drifter Band, Die Spanner. Begensbuig, 1847. 4°.
Sammluug neuer oder wenig bekannter aussereuropiiischer Schmetterlinge.

llerausgegeben von Dr. HerrichSchafler. 120 colorirte Kupfertafehi. Eegens-

burg, 1850-58. 4°. pp. 84.

Hlibner. Geschichte europiiischer Schmetterlinge (llaupen) von Jacob Hiibner.

Augsburg, lS0(i-I8.

Sammlung europiiischer Schmetterlinge von Jacob Hiibuer. Augsburg, 1805-24.

Sarjmlung exotischer Schmetterlinge von Jacob Iliibner. Augsburg, 180G-24.

1'^ Text, pp. 12; 439 col. plates.
Tentameu determinatiouis, etc. Published before 1810. One sheet. Bepub-

lished by Scudder.

Zutriige zur Sammluug exotischer Schmetterlinge von Jacob Hiibner. Augs-
burg, 1818-25.

Verzeicbniss bekannter Schmetterlinge verfasst von Ja<'ob Hiibner. Augs-

burg, 1810. (The portion relating to moths 1818.) 8°. pp. 431, 72.

Hufnagel. Fortsetzung der Tabellen von den Nachtviigeln (Geometra). Berliner
.Magaziii, iv. 17G8.

Latreille. Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in fanii-
lias disposita, etc. Par P. A. Latreille. 1-4. Parisiis et Argentoi'ati, 1806-09. 8°.

Families naturellcs du regno animal ; exjio.'^ees succinctement et dans un ordre

analytique, avec I'indication de Icurs genies. Par P. A. Latreille. Paris, 1825.
8°. 2e ed. pp. 570.

Lederer. Versuch die euiopiiischen Spanner in moglichst natiiiiicher Keihenfolge zu
stellen. Von J. Lederer. Wien, 1853. (Veriiandlnngen der k. k. bot.-zool. Gesell-
schaft.) 8°. pp. 105-270.

Linnaeus. Systema natura> per regna tria naturie secundum classes, ordines, genera,
sjiecies, cum characteriluis, difl'erentiis synonymis, locis. Auctore Oarolus Lin-
u;eus. Tomus i. Editio decima, relbrmata. Holmiaj, 1758. 8°. pp. 823.

Fauna suecica sistens animalia Sueciie regni etc. Auctore G. LinniT?us. Stock-
holm, 174G.

Milliere. iconographie et description de chenilles et lepidopteres in^dit. Livraison
1-25. 18.59-70. (Annates Soc. Linn. Lyon.) 8°.

v-

;>',)7

Moeschler. iJeitiiigc /.in- Kepidoptt rtii l';iiiri;i von Laliiiulur. Xdii II. IJ. MiisclikT.
(Wit'iuM- cut. Moiiatssi-liritt, lid. iv. no. 11, I.st;(i); vi. JSdL'; viii. ISIRi. S'.

Newman. An ilhistiiitcd natnial lii.story ol liiiiisii mollis, etc. By I'^ilward New-
man. London, hSO'.l. Ifoyal S\ |)p. ISIi.

Ochsenheinier. Die >^(iinutteiliMj;e \nn luiidiia. Leiji/.i;;, 1. i. (ISl'T), ii. (1.S(I8); II.
ISdS); III. (ISIO); I\'. LSK;. ,S3.

Packard. Injiiiiou.s insects, new and little known. I'.y A. S. I'aekard, jnn. (Alassa-
cliiisetta Agrieiiltuial Keport, 1870.) 8°. pp. .">!.

Guide to the study of insects, and a treatise on those injurious and henellcial

to cr()])s, etc. P.y A. S. Packard, Jnn. Salem,' 1SC9. 8^. pp. 7dL'.
Peck. Imi)ortaiit eonnnunication relative to the canker worm. l!y W. 1). I'eck.

(The Jlassacliusetts Aj>ricultural llciuisitory and Journal. i\. no. 1, pp. StMW, 1810.)
Riley. l»e])ort on the injurious and beneficial insects ot I\Iissouri. By ('. V. Hiley.

1-VlIl, 18(i!t-7(). 8".
Rottenburg. Anmerkunycn /.u den llulna^jelschen Tahellen dcr Schmelterlinjre.

\'()n 8. A. von Kottenburj;. 177."i-77.
Smith (J. E.) The natural history of the rarer lepidopterous insects of Geort;i:i, etc. ^

ColkH'ted Irom the observations of]\Ir. John Abbot. 2 vols. London, 1797.
' Staudinger. Catalog der Lepidojjtereu I'^uropa's uud der angrenzeiiden Liinder. I.

^lacrolepidoptera, bearbeitet vou Dr. O. Staudinger. II. Microlepidoptera, bear-

beitet vou Dr. M. Wocke. Dresden, 1801. 8°. pp. 1!)2. 2d ed. 1871. 8^ .pp. 420.
Stephens. Systematic catalogue of British insects. By J. F. Stephens. 2 vols.

London, 182!).
The iioiuenclature of Biitish iut-ects; etc. By James Francis Stei)heus. Lon-

dou, 1829. 120. pp. 08.
Illustrations of British insects. IlaustelUita. By J. F. Stephens. 8^. Lon-

don, 1828-4().
— List of the specimens of British animals in the collection of the British Museum.

Part v. Lepidoptera. Loudon, 1850. 12^. pp. 352.
Thunberg. Dissertatio entoiuologica novie inscctorum species sisteus. Upsali;e,

17SI-01.

Museum uaturalium academici Upsalieu.sis dissertatio. lJ[)salia!, 1788.

Treitschke. Die Schmetterlinge von Euroi)a (Fortsetzuiig des Ochsenheimer'schcn

Werkes). Vou F. Treitschke. Leipzig, V. i-ii. (1825), iii. (1820); \l. i. (1827), ii.

(1828); YIL 1829; VIII. IKW; IX. i. (1832>, ii. (1833); X. i. (1834), ii-iii. (1835). 8°.
Walker. List of the specimens of lepido])terons insects in the collection of the Brit-
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j)lement, part 5, 180(i. 12'^.
Wood. Index entomologicus, a complete illustrated catalogiu', consisting of 194 1 (ig-

ures of the lepidopterous insects of Great Britain. By AVilliam Wood. London,

1839. 8°.
Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. Vol. 1-9.
Annales de Societe entomologitjue de France. Ser. i. tom. l-si'r. v. torn. '■>. 1832-73.
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Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, v-yi. 1800-01. 8=.

598

Proceedings of tlie Entouiolo»ical iSocnoty of Philadelphia. 1-G. 1803-07.
Transactions of'tho American Entomological Society. Philadeli)hia. 1-4. 1807-7.^.
Bulletin of the Biillalo Society of Natural Sciences. Vol. 1-3. 187.3-70. 8°.
Entomologist's Intelligeucer. Edited by H. T. Stainton. London. 8°. 1858.
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Verhandlungen der k. k. zoologiscb-bctanischen Gesellscbaft iu Wieu. 1853, and xxii-

xxiii. 1872, 18.73. 8°.
Wiener entomologische Monatsscbrift. i-viii. 1857-04. 8°.
Stettiner cntcnuiloj'ischc Zeitnii";. i-xxxvi. 1840-75. 8°.

INDEX OF SPEOIKS, (\VMM\. AND SliUl'AMILIKS.

AbliicviaU -1"

Abortivaria •!<i'^

Al,rnsana i:";.i:«'

Abraxas ~l"

Absvnthiata tf^, •»!•

Accrssaria ^<«i

Achat iuaria 1 •^•>'

Acbatinata I'-i^

Aoi.lalia, 77, 82,90, 108, 171, 17.1, 177, 17'.l, l'.»7, :illO, :!1C)

:i2(i

Aci.laliata ^24

Aciilalkla'. -'l-''

AcitlalitU , :!'■'>

Aridalinie -'I'l

Acidalitc'S '^l''

^grotata &;">

.Emtilataria 28S

^Eiliialiaria 4'->">

Ji<l..if^'nma '.iX'

^Esiouai ia 4() 1

Alliiiiata 88

Amimaria r.GJ

Agreasaria 5'i7

Albata :so:i

Albuapitata -18

Albifasciata i'7

Albrfera :K0

Albifusata 'i'M

Albigciiaria i:!')

Albocosf aliata :W8, XK

Albolasciata 18U

AlliDgi Ivaiia :«.">

Albolineata I(l.'>, 120, :f82

Albosijiiiata 174

Albovittata Kib, 18y

Alci.s 427

Alcoolaiia 4br>, 4(i'.t

Algidata l.''l)

Alieuaria li>l

Aluiaria

Alpinata I'li

Alsophila :W8

Aiiiathia 17!)

Aiuatiiraria :n7

Amioaiia Kil

Auiiliipis 11'>

AiiiMk'ulala l.V.t

Aiiiirbo (it), lO:!, Kid

AiiKiMiaiia SOO,. ')();)

Ainorata 'Sl't

Ainpliida.sida' , \i'J7

Aiiipliida.sis :!y8,45G

Ainpliidasitcs :S'.)7

Aiiiyiisarla 4'.)7

AiiafjoRa '.iOO, 421, 459, 480

Aiiaitis 185

Aiiaploilcs :i(J7,392

An<H'i()na 459, 474

AiiHiiiliiicala 18IJ, 184

AiiKiiit iora ria 2:57, 238

Aiiisopteryx 398,454

Aniiisaiia 497

Aummoria. 367,375

Aiitiisaiia 5lJ4

Antcpioiic 459,483

Aiiticaria 03, 421, 423

Auticloa .40, 100

Apicia 459, 532

Apiriaria 5U0,502

Aplorcra <>6

Aplodes 307, 385

Apoclieiiiia 400

Appioximaria 214,215,380,391,449

A(piosus ^-^^

Anii'actaria 509

Ai-fiillaccaiia 250, 'i58

Arniataiia 501,510

Anhostia 320,305

Ascotis u:,

Aspilatos 2110,204,221

Asllii

. 310, 324

Astyliisaria ...
Alriicolorata ..
Alrolasciata ..
Atiiipuiictaria
Atiiipmictata.
Atrosignata...
Aurantiacaria.
Autniniiata ...
Aviiiicnlaria . .
Az.'lina

105

242

.459

Aziiicplioi'a

5(W
121
204
210
244
193
551
400
234
401
4^0

.I'.iO

r)00

Hi.iralata i::;'

IJalistaiia :iM

Jiapta :!00,;iO;J

liaptiia 4(), 18H

l!a^saliata 152,154

liasiaria -mtf

liasiata oUS

IJiisipiiiictai'ia J'''i

IJclircnsata 48

IJilmlaria 4'J5

Ili.-oloraria ■2\->,2-H>

Kicohiiata 15!»,294

liiliii.-aiia 501

HiMiiala :'.04

Bisijjnata 2W

Hislon :«•«, 414

liistriaiia 377, S78

Bislriolata 04

li<.annia -^40, 455, 450, 457

lioariiiidai o'J7

lioaniiidi 31)7

liuariiiiiuu 3'J7

]}oai iiiit<i» 3'J7

Boicala IMH, 198

Hiadyepctes :509,:UG

Hio\ iculala 150

Uroiiolielia 398, 443

l!nill.-ata 73

Hnillei 73

BniniK-aiiu 2:,d, 256, 298, 385, 388

linimieata 105,108,257,298

IJriimieicillata 152

Brinmeiiasciata 325

Cabera . 300,30.5,309

Caberjdic 299

C'al)iaiili 299

Cabiiiiii.T} 299

Uabcrites 299

Cabcroilcs 4G0, 497, 505

("acnniiciata :!2H, :{4(i

Casiata 117

Calil'oniiaria .201 , 241, 2sl, 341 , 121, 422, 428, 441, 487

(Jalii'dvuiala 91,94, 13(i, 174, 175, 1.-9,2-0,281,329

(;all<-(Uiptfiyx 312,313

(Jalli/.zia 312,314

CalucaliH' 171

Cal<)slij;ia IfiO

t^alolli.YKanis. :U()

Cambiica H3

Cambricaiia ;?:{, i;5

Canipa-a 41JO

Cainptd^raiiiina 77

Caiiadaria 4,)1, .(•,;,'■,

Caiiiliilai'ia :{,li)

Caiiosaria -JIO

<'aril>cta 200,237

('•'"■^"i:> 542

Pace.

Caniata 142

CaiUL-ata 130,142

Caipiiiata 88,182

Carsia 46,185

Catascia 445

Oatenaria 217

Cateiiarins 217

Catoplj.vnlia 204

Cauliistonia 459, 472

Cayemiai ia .531, 532

CciiDa 185

CeiitiiimKitata 105

Ccrat udalia 3l(i, 622

Ccratonys 531, 532

Cerviuaria .531,532

Ccnvini fascia 131

Cbaiissa 445

Cheiiiiatobia 197

Cht-siadi 45

Clicsia.s 88, 194

Cbhiiatobia 46,197

Cbloiaspilates 200,211

Cbloi'oobiouia 369, 372

Cbloi'ocbiomitc'S 366

Cbloroclysta 103

Cbloroeyst is 46

Cblorolmicaria 370

Chlorosea 367, 376

Cidaria m, 77, 82, ><H, 90, 103, i:!4, 150, 166, 1(;9

Cidaridi 45

Ciiicraiia 251

Citrinaria 474

Clemataria 561

Cleora .55, 398, 427, 450, 456

Cieoi'idi ;'.97

Cleoiites 397

Cliviiiafia — .. 455

Coagiilata 49

Cojiioealpe 168

CogiKitaiia 413,421

Cobirndai-ia. ..^. 547,550

Cdiiraiia ! 205,206

Coiiiiieiisata 3,54

Coiicisaria .530

Concoidata 161

Ciimliiisata 1()6

Ciiiif'usaiia 531,. 533

Congnia 3.58

Conseciitaiia 358

Cousepta 291

Cousiuiilata --91

Ciink'iiiplata 294

Contiini.iiia 358

Con trai- lata. ,89

Con vallaiia 14 1 , 149

Coreiuia 134, 150

Coiyeia 300

Co.sinoi bue 326

(i(»l

Vane.

CropiLsculiiiia 428

('iil)i;itiiria '121,-124

CiOL-iilliitu 5.l7,r>4H

Crocatiiiia 171

t'loccariii |sO

Cnieiitaiia * 20(i

Ciilicai'ia 'M'>

Cmiiatilis 70

Ciiiiijrriata 105, 111

(JHjiidalia 412

Cytladata 101, 1<)2

C.vnialiila ;!24

(.'jiiiatopIiDia :!!)«, 427

Dasylidonia 200,233

DiH'dlmaiia KJO

Detlnetaria 513

Defeotaria .43,5,437

Uolonsaria 141, 110

D.liuaiia 242,245

Dilliiata 242, 215

IJtili'i)teiiia 427

Doiliiiia 300,305

Demissaria 352

Dcndiaria 443

Di'iisaria 375

Diplaiuiiia 4 18, 40S

l)i']ic>iilaiiata 483

Dcpiivata 39(i

Disidfiata 03

Dcsignata 135, 144

Di^stiiiata 110

Pftnsata 242,243

Diliitata 83,87

Discern venta 242, 243

Discospilata 220

Disjuuctaria 114

Dislocaria 280,282

Disjuincta 285

Dissfiptaria 443

Dissiinilana 205,207,208

Distiiluiaiia 280,203

I)i \ i-rsilimata 103, 105, 12(i, 128

Divisaiia 237,457,458

Divisata 237

Doiiataiia 210

Dosil hca 32(1

Uicpauodt's 400

DryociPtis 427

Di'joptciata 313

Duaiia , 407, 500, 502

Dubitavia 178

Diibitata 177

Diiodet'iiu-liueaiia 84

Dtioddciin-lineata 83

Diiplicata , 283

Dyscia 415

Dyscyiuatoge 46

70 V U

UvHpleriH 307, 308

Dysstioiiia ^i.m_ i();j

I'-ftii'pis -■ 427

Hdwaidsata .)7H

Kllcctaria .loi

l'-.i"ti"'ii' 457

Klaborata 191

i'^''<"ii 103

J^llopia .187, 402, 497

Klntaria y(;

Kbitata <)(;

Kiiiaigataiia ,|(37

Eiiiatmfi;a 200, 231

Kiidiopia 459 499

Kiidropiaria 493,495

Kmioiiiidie 453

Etuioiiiidi 4,58

Kiiiioiiiiiiip 458

Kiinoinites 458

Eiinoiiios 27b

Knotata 280,288

Eiuuleata 328,347

Eois UK), 319, 32G

Kpbyra 310,361

Epiiuoris 443

Epioiu' 459, 485

Kpiciiiidi 458

Epirraiithis 459, 498

Epirrboij 150

Epinita 46,82

Eramiis ...398,408

Erastria 204

Erateina. 100

Eieiniata 278

Erosiata 435

Erota 190

Eintaiia 85

Eiytbeniaria 306

Eiiaeidalia 316,318

Eiiaspilatfs 200,203

Eiiliolia 82, 134, 262, 277

Eiibolidi 45

Knbyja 410

EiiobbiMia 485

EiK-bloraria 396

Eucldoris 393

Encosinia 171

EiicrosI is 367

Eiidalinia 300,303,490

Eiidfilinia 300

Eucphyra 316,365

Eiilidoiiia ,. 200,225

Eiilitfbia '. 200, 247, 497

Eiifjonia 460

Eiilvpo l-'O

E.uiia.aiia 201,208

Eunemoria 379

602

465

ao4

103

•10

■KiO

•>7.-i

Kiipbia lOH

Kupistfiia -^^9,249

Ijipitlieciii 4(), ()5

Kmymetie '.

Kiisarca

Kii.stronia

I^iitbalia •.

Kudapcla

Kiitioiui

Kxaiispicata 'isri

Kxciirvaiia oSl, 4ti7

Kxciiivuta ". 265

Kxiiotata 285

Exdiiiata 236

Kxplagiata 133

Kxi>laBata 64

Expiessaria 276

Kxpuuctaiia 471

Kxsinuaria 461

ICxtreniaria 247

.421,

alcataria

'asceolaria

avillilbia

axonii

cmiyaiia 136,

eniigata 135,

ernmiiiaria

'^'lusu'^ta 320,

enumiDada

ervidaria 462,467,

'iilonia 200, 225, 227, 229, 231, 240, 249,

'idoiiiaria 297

'idol] lata, •»•)(;

"idoiiitia^

ilameutaria

ilaria

imbiiata

iiiii'taria

iseellaria..
is.siiiotata .
laimiiifera.
lavai'ia.. ..

lavata

lavicaria . .
lavicata. ..

. 103,

lavo-i'asciafa

loiidaria

Iiuidata IJiy

luotuaria

Iiictuata

423
375
359
232
146
146
257
321 I
360
493
262
360
418
199
471
456
88
228
493
285
111
129
129
256
105
273
533
319
155

liiviaiia
lnviata

152, 15

78
78, 80

laiiduleularia jy.j

I'Kii'yiia :}.)0

litillaria 4,.j;)

1 iigaliaiia l;j.^

iiniataria |o^

Page.

l'"iiu)idola(a 133

Fniuiferata 3x2

Fusifasciata it^j, 185

Galbiueata 280,290

Gelidata (jj

Geminata 49,180,184

Gemuiavia 78,80

Gemuiata 78,320

Geuiiiftra 1,S6, 367, 393

Geoiiittiida' 3(i(;

Geouieliidi 3(iK

Geoiiieti ina' 36(5

Geometriu i 366

Gilvaria 5(34

Glaucaria 390

Glaiicata 94

Glaucopteiy X 46, l;6

Giiopliidi 397

t'ii"l'li>'S 398,445

Guophosaria 275,439

Gouiacidalia 31a

GoniacidaliuiP 311

Goniata . 5r);)

Gorytodcs 2OI

Gotbicata i(;4

Gracilaiia 382

Graciliueata 126, 128

Grammatopbora. 249

Granitaria 330

Granitata 280, 285, 328, 330

Grataiia 219

Gratata 372, 373

Grat uiata 166

Grotearia 547, .553

Giieiidaiia , 250,252

Gueneata 136,141,323

Gueneiia 300, 3(»7

Gypsocbroa 194

HiBUiatopis 200, 218

Ha'sitata... 17K

Halesaria 228

Halia 249

Haliata 274,285

Haliomniata 45,46

Halteiata 182

Harpalycc 103, 150, 166

Harvoiata 193

Hastaria 164

Hastata 151,1.52,164

llastnlata 165

Haydonata 445

Hcliomata 190

Hemeiopbila 398,446

Honijthea 372

Hepaticaria 352

Hormiiiiata .304

m:)

IlorsiliaUi 101, 1 1 1

lleNpormiiia ITO

Hetiriilotlia' -ir.!), 178

llfti-roiiholps Id, VM

Hibmiitos :«17

IIi|))iiiic1iistus :i68

llipliai'clms :>;);!

Ilolotlialassis H'.Ki

IIi)i'isiii« 1()8

Holt aria 4-13

Hiiinaria 4"J8, 4:!"), 4:!7

Hybernia :!US, 408

I lylieniida- '.m

llydrelia 82

llydiiii 45, 4(), 171

Hydrionieua 4(5, 'J(l

liyiia^yrotis 5(14

HyiHietis If);), 4(iO

Ilypocliravia r.OO, 504

HyposcDtis 445

Hyria :!Ut

Iihi-il 32(1

Iiloata 150

Iduata 155

Imbraria ^>'SS

luiJiutaiia 180

Itiibiitata 18(1

Iiimiaiiata 10<), 110

Impaiipciata •)54

Implicata 54,0:5,07,71

Iiiipluviaiia '.11

liupluviata 88,91

Iiiipropriata 297

luaptata 297

Inatomaria 542, 54;!

luceptaria 5()4

liicertata :{72

liK'hi.saiia ; :)95

Iiicoloraria 498

Iiicoininodata 185

ludocliiiata 297

liidiictata :!28, ;ji4U

Iiicriiialiata 180

Iiiextritata 295

Infulata 191

Iiisciiptata 88

IiisiiHiaria 401

ItisliliKMis 454

liisiilsaiia :>28, :i;i5

Iiitcgrai'ia •J117

Intcntaria :!0G

Intiiliiicaria , 5;{7

luteniii^diata 152, 157

Inteniipto-fasciata 52

lutcstinata 109.170,174

Iiitractaria 428, 435

Intraria \X,

'"'li« •. :t07,:tih;

Iiidaiia :[;).!

Invgulata ynf,

IiToiata '2(y\ 'yj[i

Itaiiiu e o^|9

Junipiiiaria 5;ii^

Jiitiuiiaria yji

Kcutzingaria 4r>5, 4C6

Kodiakata ic]

LabradorieDsis 130, 137

Lacteata 13«, 143

Lactispargaria .')04

Lacustrata isi , l.'/i' 1,58

Laniproptcryx 103,100

Lareutia. .00, 77, 82, 88, 90, 103, 134, 150, 100, 108, 171,

174, 177, 185. 197

Larentidio 45

Laiiotata ... 239

Lai'is.sa 185

Laivaria 128,435,437

Latiaria 380,391

Laticincta 297

Latii'asciaria 447

LatifeiTugata 290

Latinipta 109

Lat 11 it iai ia 497, 504

Lconinata 105,119

Lepiodes 505

Lcpt oiueris 330

Ijcncocora 40

Liguicolorata 135, 138

Lignlaiia 139

Limbata 471

Liniitaria 457

Liutueraria 205,209

Licjuoiariii ;i83

Liriodendraria 443

Litho,stegc 45,40, 194

Lixaiia 384

Lobophora 45,4C>, 179

Loiiiograplia 300, 309

LougipaliJata 48, 5(>

Longipenuata 328,332

Lougipennis 134

Loxoiidonia 200, 223

Lozograiiiuia 200, 242, 247

Lucata 325,320

Ijiictuaria 101

Luituata 1'>1

Liigubiata 1 Ki. l.VJ, 101

Liiiiicnaiia 305

Liisciuata 109

Lulai-ia 530

Luteata 57

Lygi is 103

I.vtbria -2^10,221

604

Macaiia >. •i7i-,471

Maraii.lir li«

Jlaciilaiia -"^0

Madusaria £00,506

Magmfaria :{50

MagiiitViaria ^'''f'

Ma^'iMiliata ''".'0

Majoiaria 531, 53:i

Maiuurraria ■-• "H*

Maneipata 105,113

Marcessaiia ---• ^5(1,^51

Marjsiuata 5(10,505

Marinoiitcryx •iOO,'J5'J

Marmorata '■ -251), SCO

Meadiata 17-1, 170, 264, 2(;9

Meadii 1 '<5

Melaiiippc 150

Milaiitliia H8, 150

Jl.-Ianthidi 45,315

Sk-llistrigata 204, '^09

Mousurata 357

Meskciaria 213

Mcsolcnica 150

Mi-taueina 400

Metrocainpa 45'.l, 400, 490

Metiocaniparia 533

Metiisata 504

Mimicata 395

Mimosaria 386, 388

Jliuoa 188,194

Jliuora ta 280, 291

Mimitata 49

Wiserulata 48,52

Mollicnlaiia 485

Moiiiaria 435

Mouicaria 275

Montauata 115,180,181

Multiliueata 71.78,81,280,287

Muuitaria 130

Mimitata I3(i

Muscariata 274

Myandai'ia 497

Jlynuidonata 353

Myrtarla 302,304

Paso.

Nivi-oseiicearia 528

Nivigorafa 185

Nivosata 328,338

Notataria 226

Notata 49,288

Niibecnlaria 417

Niil)i<--iilata 207

Niibilata 116

Niibilofasciata .' . 97, 98

Nmiiaiia 486,489,497

Nyssaria 461

Oliductata 101

Obliiiuaria 499

Obfnsaria 357

Obtusaiia 501

Occidental lata 02

Occidimtata - 320,321

Occidiiaria 428,473,467

Ocllinata 280, 283

Ochreata 477

Ochyrla 46, 134

Odezia 188

Odoptera 527

Odoptei idi 458

aiiieifoimis 259

Okakaria 340

Olcmisaiia 211

Olivaccaria 407

Olyzonaria 511

Operiiplitera 40, 197

Operoiiliterina' 196

Oiiistliograptis 459,476

Oimnearia 508

Oporaliia 82

Opoiinia 82

Oicifeiata

Ordinata 328,349

OriUata 264,265

Ortbotidouia - 200,235

Oi'tboiiaiiui 168

Oitb(istixis 210

0»sulaiia 329

3:8,3^9

NebiiloKari
Neglectata

Neiiiatinauiiia 159.

Nc'iiioiia 367,

O.ssnlatii
Ostentai

Nepiasaria.
Neptaria...

Xeptata 204,

Me-vadaiia 377,

Nevadata

Is igrofastiata

NigiOhiiiata 242

Ni':ii.\iii:iiia 151

85
1-8
4:0
372
401
401
273
273
378
61

i:i9
246
>51

355

llr

illldata.

307

v,399

281

Palp;

h.ata

illldata ...
iiiiiiiiiaria.

. 428,

I lid all a
luibiaria.

.328,

inilflla,
iralcllia

186
432
541
533
197
336
204

liO.i

l',.r:i|iliiw

:ws, I ir.

r:ii:i.si-iiii:i ...
I'aivmiomos .
I'ariiiotiita...
r.itiiiaria ...

I'clldiiiii

IVlhicularia .

i.vj, i:.:.

r.di,:.!:!

. . r,ti4

lVlnij;a ....
I'l iKhilinai'ia
I'l ralliata . .
rcicouia.. ..

H8

:i(«,:ir.:i

:W;i, :!:w

. '200, '^oi, -j-jr, -229, 'jui, •,' r.i

IVni
I'eihi

U

IVili
IViiii

I'l rsiiinaiia .

. 205

IViviiiilari
rctropliDni

■n;

I'hanna.is

riiasianai'ia

riiasiaiic ~lll

IMiibalapteiyx 40,10-

I'Jl
■ISII
K!
110
lOl
,y0G
•>-{•

, :i7'.)
, io:i

r.:i:i
, -x-i

I'higalia ;!98, lOo

I'liigaliaiia -151

riiileivme I~4

Piiilobia 278, 172

I'liloj^osarla 465, 4(i(i

Phocata 70

Pluicataiia 07

Pilosaiia 500,501

I'iiietaiia 256

I imana

I'iiiiata

I'istaciaria...
I'istaciata ...
Placearia ....

,45:!
417

:i'J2

, :i74

UI7

Plaiiilaiia

Plagifasiiata 4f7,

PiaK'xlis 459,

Platiua

Plebceiiluta

Pl-^^inyria 40,77,^*1,

I'll iMcyiiiia

I'liiiiio.sai'ia .
Pliivia

428,

latii

P..la

PdiM

Polyijirauima
Polyphasia .
Poiiivtaria ..

.428,

.400,

Popiilaria
Populata .

Porcclaii

]'r;catoiiiata 280

IVaiiiinatodt'H

498

405

201

149

150

177

431

91

7:5

07

4:i9

UK!
402
124
124
455
291
201

I'nC**.

Pri<icyila 511

I'liilioln ll'ill

Piniliuiata :t28,:i:M

I'ropriaiia 100

I'ropu^i.aiia 144

I'lopnjjiiata 144

I'lopiilsata i;t2

I'loxantliata 297

I'liiiiiaiia If'O

Prmiata 105,111

I'saiiniiatoiles 277

P.silograuiiiiaiia .• 42H,4:!U

I'.sodos 188

I't ydiopoda :!20

I'liber 540

I'uleliraria 451, 452

Piiltaria 495,490

I'lilvi'iaiia 4b7

Piinittotiuiliiiata 328, ;):{:$

Puiictolineata 2^0,284

Pmata 353

Pnipiiiissata 330

Piistiilana • 310

Pyrolaria 5(i5

Qiiadiangulata 303

Quadiifasciaiia 11, 205

Qiiadiifasciala 88

QiiadriliiK-aria 250,252

Qiiadnliueata 345

Qnadviiiotata 311

QuadripuDctata "0, 220

Qiiadiisignata 285

Qiicicaria 411

Qiieicivoraria 542,544

Qiiinqiiaria 256

QuiiMimfasciata 91, 100

C,hiiii(jutlineaiia 428,432

Quiij.iUidiiK'ata :{29,348

Raclieospila •'•''', 384

Kavocostaliata '8,60

Kiicipioeata ••"'

IJtcoiiditaiia ■^•'~

Uictaugtilata -■ 'Jl''

Kofractaria 504

Kcliisavia '-*'

Keiiiissaria ■'•■'■'

RciiKitata l'^^

li.plctaiia 359

lirsistaria _ 4^1

Kcstrictata 345,:554

K'oliiiotata -**

Rirt racial ia ='^6

l{lKMiiiiapti;ra 46,150

Ribearia 248,497

Ribesiaria ^^^

Rigidata '•'■'

(;(»()

Rilevaria "-i'^l

KotiiD.latu l'.)r,, llKi

liiitiuKlopcnnata •!-'"*. '■^'■^'i

h'otuii.loi.iMictata ^^Tif)

IviiliifjiiKisaiia '-ill

liiiliiginosiis '-'II

liul.ivoraria :Wl,:W-J

liiibrifrontaiia 381,383,38r)

K'libioliiiearia 34:!

liiiltroliDeata 329, 343

Kiiliroiuarsinata 3-39, 339, 386, 389

Riibnisuffiisata 13(i, 143

Riilicillata 152, 153

Riifilinearia 355,38(5,390

Riimia 470

Riissaria 105

Russata 105,110

Sabiiiiaiia (-:6,75

Sabiiiii 75

Sabiilaria 270

Saniaria 219

Scitata 493,498

Scoliipacinaiia 505

Scotopteiyx 445

S(-ot<)sia 45,46,171,174,177

Sect omacnlata 288

S-l<-uia 459,404

Sclidoseraa 200, 240

Scniiilaiata 301,302

Sciniiuidaiia 493, 495

Si^iriinuilata. 495

Sfiiiiotbisa 201,278

Sentinaiia 342

Scntinata 328

Serictata 318

Sericcifera ta , 454

Seriiiaria 405,409

Sei ratavia 501

Si'irnlata 301!

Sex-iiiacnlata 285

Siccaria 495

Sicya 459,479

SUleraria ?50

Sis'iaria 428

S-sigiiata 280

Siinilaiia 504

Sinuata 204,271

Sioiia 194

Siwiviaria 221,222

Siioviata 264.208

Sobria 359

.Solfataria 480

Soididata ill , 9(1, 98

Sinoriata 186

Spaiaria 342

«l'-"K"'iii' 70

Sjialicisaria 428

Spcciosata 91,102

Speiauza 249

Sipurataiia 456

SpliaMDiiiacliaria 207

Spbyraria 435

SpiUisaiia - 296

Spinataria 204

Stegania 300, 309

Steganolopliia 103

Steuaspilates 200, 211, 212

Stenotrachelys 398,448

Stiattonata 58

Striata 136

Strigata 137

Strigataiia 407

St-iigiilaiia 211

Sciba'quaria 247

Subalt'aria 329, 344

Siibai>icata 62

Subapiciai ia 296

Subatoiiiaria 417

Siibcessaria 250, 254

Snbcroceata . 272

Sublataria 352

Sublnnaria 428, 443

.Siibiiiarmorata 285

Siibiiiiiiiata 264, 268, 272

vSiibiiiMiaria 423

Saboclm'ata 113

Subsiguaria 528

Subsiiniaria 461

Subularia 276

Snecessaria 564

.Succosata 285

Salpburaria 250, 255, 477, 484

Salphurata 4*i, 484

Siilpbniea - . 255

Siiperaria 533

Sii perata 396

Snspectata 130

Sylvaria 257

Syucbloia .' 3(!7, 379

Sy Dopsia . 450, 455

Syrrbodia 204

Tactuiata 353

Tauagra 188

Taiaebia 46

Teinnaria 352

Tepbrina 262

Tcpbroclystia 46

Tepbiosia 225, 398, 419

Terpnoniicta 309

Tessellata 259, 261

Testata 105,122,123

Tctracis 460

Textriiiaria 500,507

'I'balassodi-s 390

I >() I

TIki1.'1:i :!iHi

I'liaiiiiioiioiiia 'illll,"<iUI

Tliciapis IT-J

Th.iiiKi ir>i), .|!)2

Tliiilcaiia ■ 105

Tiliariii 109

Tiiiiaiulia ol(>

'I'iiiiaiuli'ata IJr»5

'I'iiiiaiKlvidi lU;")

Tiiicliiiia I'll)

Titea UH

Toiuos 200, ai-l

■I'l ac taria '.ifiS

Ti-actata 21)(i

'riaiisdiicciis TiCil

Tianslixaiia •!:!:.

Tiansitaria • 'M'>

Tiaiisiiiuteiis 55;)

Traiisveisata llil

TriaiiK'ilatii 110

TriangiilifiTaiia 547, 51'J

Triclioptri y X 1711

Ti icoloraiia 2:i0, ;iSl

TrilUsciata i)l.P5,v!0l,'J7U

Tiif;iit taria l'.i:>

Tiijriittata I'.i:'.

Trilinoaria -iOL'-'d^

Tiipliosa ■!(;, 177

Tiipmictai'ia ^511

Trisoriata 1SI5

Tristaria Uy

Tiistata 15':>, IGi

Tniucatariii v^iO, ISO

Tnincata lO:!, 105

Till xal lata 5-17, 551

i: iiihi osai ia 4-J8, 4;iy, 451, 45:!

Uiiangulata 15U, 15i)

Uiicanaiia iJOl

Uiuliilata 17a

I'imr.

1 'nicalcaraiia 275

I'tiidi'iilaria 1 Hi

I'liiinoilaria \>Hit

riiijiiiiu'laria 4 111

I'liilaria :i7i;, .117

Uraptriyda' 45s

Ur-saria 114

Vanaria 25:!

Vaiadaria 5;i7

Vaiiolaria ;(0(;

Varus 5;W

Vasiliata 107

Veutilata 88

VciHisia 82

Veil list us ;i88

Vtniata IK), le:!,40a

Vcstalia ;iUl

Vtstitaria 471

Viatica ;ni-2

Vinosaria o()8

Viimlentaria 500,500

Violacearia :i57

Viiidata 100, IHO, IH'i

Viridopeilafa 4'Jl

Wavaiia 250,25:5

XaiitiimUoi- 150

Vpsipotcs 01)

Zalissaria 522

Zellnraiia 370

Zereue 150,200,210, :J00

ZLionidu! 199

Zoienidi 299

Zic/acata 1:32

Zoiiosoina 302

Z yj;adeiiiata 48, 51

EXPLANATION OF PLATE L

l"io. 1. Eni)itbecialuteata;la, E.subapicata; show-
iug the venatiou of the fore wing.

2. Glaucopteryx ctesiata ; 2 a, G. magnoliata.

3. Plemyria fluviata.

4. Epirrita cambricaria.

5. Thera coutraetata.

6. Hjiliioiiiena trifasciata.

7. Petrophora tnincata ; 7 a, P. diveisilineata ;

7 b, P. flavicata.

8. Ocbyria fcrrugaria ; 8 «, O. desigiiata; 8 /*,

O. liguicoloraria.

9. Ehenmaptera nificillata.
10. Ebeumaptera hastata.

Tho figures on this plate were mostly drawn,
by S. E, Cassino. In plates 1-7, the figures are not

Fig. 11. Auticlea va.siliata.

12. Phibalapteryx intestiuata.

13. Hydria uudulata.

14. Lobopbora viridata ; 14 a, L. montau,ata,

portion of wing, showing abnormal vena-
tion.

15. Carsia paludata.

16. Odesia albovittata.

17. Helioniata cycladata.

18. Heteropbelps triguttata.

19. Litbostege rotuudata.

20. Operbopbtera boreata.

with the aid of the camera, by the author ; a few
drawn to the same scale.

t

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IL

Fig. 1. Gorytodes uucanaiia.

2. Euaspilates spiuataria.

3. Aspilates pervaria.

4. Tonios I'libigiuosaria.
5; Zereue cateuaria.

(i. H;i'iuatoi)is giataria.

7. Lytliria rilevaiia.

8. Luxof'ulouia aeidaliata.

9. Euliilonia uotataria.

Fk;. 10. Percouia limetaria.

11. Fidonia trimcataiia ; 11 a, portion enlarged.

12. Eniaturga faxouiaria.

13. Dasyfidonia avuucularia.

14. Orthofidouia exornata.

15. Caripeta divisaria.

IG. Selidosenia jiitiiruaria.
17. Lozogratunia deflnata; 17 <;, ' ; 17 h, L.
nigi'oseriata.

The figures on this plate were drawn on stoue, with the aid of the camera, by S. E. Caasiuo.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IIL

Fig. 1.
2.

3.
4.

8.

9.

10.

EuBtcbia ribeata.

Thauinououui wavaiia ; 5ia,T. argillaccaria;

2 h, T. bruniiearia.
Marmopteryx iiiarmoi'ata.
Psammatodcs eremiata.
Pbasiane atrofas(:iata ; 5 «, "P. inoiata.
Semiotbisa bi,sij;uata; 0 a,S. grauitata.
Eimiacaria briiuiiearia.
Corycia vestaliata ; 8 a, C. semicbirata.
Endeiliaia hermiuiata.
Deilinia erytbemaria.

Fig. 11. Gueueria basiata.

12. Stegania pustiilaria.

13. Goniaeidalia furciferata.

14. Callertapteryx erosiata.
I.'). Eiiaeiilalia sciieeata.

1(5. Eois gt'iiiniata. Tbe 2d and 3d .subcostal
venules .sbould be as in fig. 17.

17. Eois ferrugiuata. Tbe cell is sometimes as

open as in gemmata.

18. Calotbysanis aniaturaria.

Tbo figures in tbis plate were drawn on stone, witb tbe aid of tbe camera, by S. E. Cassino.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.

Fig. 1. Ceratoilalia gueneata.

2. Astbeua albogilvai'ia.

3. Acidalia euucloata ; 3 a, A. iiisulsaria ; 15 h, A.

cacumiuata; 3 c, A. cssulata.

4. Ephyra pentlnlinaria.

5. Enepbyra sernilata.

6. Dyspteris abortivaria.

7. Eucrostis chloroleucaiia.

8. Nemoria pistaciata ; 8 o, N. gratata.

9. Syucblora rubivoraria.

I Fig. 10. Anuemoria uuitaria.
11. Cblorosea uevadaria.
V2. •Synclilora excurvaria.

13. Aplodes mimosaria.

14. Geometra iridaria.

15. Auisopteryx vcruata.

16. Pbigalia strigataria.

17. Hibernia tiliaria.

18. Eubyja coguataria.

19. Paiapbia subatomaria.

The figures on tbis plate were drawn on stone, with the aid of the camera, by S. S. Cassiuo.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.

Fiu. 1. Parapbia subatoiimria.

•2. Tephrosia catiadaria; 2 a, Cymatophora
psilograimuaria; 2 b, Tephrosia califoiiiia-
ria; 2 c, Teplirnsia anticaria.

3. Cyuiatopliora umbiosaria.

4. Brouchclia hortaria.

5. Giiopbos haydcnata.
li. Ilemerophila unitaria.

7. Stenotra(--b<'lys permagiiaria.

8. Hyperetis uyssaria.

9. Plagodis seiiiiaria.

Fig. 10. Neraatocanipa filauieiitaria.

11. Metrocampa perlata.

12. Hetorolocba edwardsata.
lo. Caulostoiiia occidiiaria.
I'l. Sicya mac.idaiia.

1.5. Aiigcrona crocataria.

](!. Antepioiie depnntauata.

17. Aiiagoga pulveraria, small g

li^. 'IVtracis triixaliata.

11). Tetiacis a^srotata.

The figures on tbis plate were drawn or. stone, with the aid of tbo camera, by S. E. Cassiuo.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VL

Fig. 1. Tlioriii.a fbrvidaria.

2. Tctracis crocallata.

3. Cleora imlchraria (var. iH-llneiil.-uia).

4. JIcjtaiiiMiia quercivoraria.

5. OiiistlioLjraptis oclireata.
G. Einlropia serrataiia.

7. Kiif^onia siib.si<;iiai-ia.

8. EpirraMthis obliriiiaria.

9. Aspilates liboraria.

10. Kndropia liilinoaria.

11. DrcpaiioiU'.s vani.s.-
1'2. Azoliiia liilbuerata.
l:i. Eudropia aniiataiia.
I'l. Eudropia iiypocliraria.
15. Gabcrodcs confiisaiia.

Fkj. IT). Cabt'i'odes cervinaria.

17. .Si-'lonia keutaria.

18. Eiitrapela trausversata.

I'J. Eiipithecia niiserulata, head denuded.

20. Caripeta divisaria, head denuded, showiu"

the ocelli.

21. Acidalia 4-liucata ; head, showiu;; the

ocelli.
2i. Euciostiscliliiroleucaria; head, showing the
• ocelli.

21!. Cyuiatophoi-a crepuscularia, head.

21. Eutrai)ela trausversata, head, oc, ocelli ;-e,

epierauiuni ; o, elypeu.s; //), labruui ; nid,

mandible max, nuixilla.
2.">. Cydiuiou leihis; bead, showing the ocelli.

The figures on this plate were drawn, with the aid of the camera, by S. E. Cassino.

KXPLANA^ilON OF PLATK VII.

Ficj. 1-8. Transforniatiousof iiTiueiil motli. si;o)).37.
0. Thorax of Pteropboriis iiiars^iiiidaetyhis ;

9 a, (loraiil view.

10. Thorax of the European Soanli.i boloti;

10 a, dorsal view.

11. Thorax of Tortrix sp.; 11 o, tlorsa' view.

12. Thorax of Botys sp. ; 12 a, dor.sal view.

13. Thorax of Anisoptcryx veruataj'; l:! a,

dorsal viinv.

14. Thorax of Aiiisopteryx vcriiataj; 11 a,

dorsal view.
li). Thorax of Hadetia destructor; I.") «, dorsal

view.
l(i. Thorax of Tclea. polypheuiiis ; 1(> «, dorsal

view.

17. Thorax of au European Zyga?ua ; 17 a, dor-

sal view.

18. Thorax of iEgeria scitula ; 18 o, dor.sal view.

AU except ligs. 1-8 drawu on stone, with the camera, by

J-'iG. 19. Tliorax of Deilepbihx lincata; 19 n, dorsal
view.

20. Thorax of Vanessa ;ital;>,nta; 20 iy, dorsal

view.

21. Thorax of EiitrapeJa transversata; 21 o,

dorsal view : 21 h, front view of protho-
rax ; 21 c, front view ; 21 d, posterior
view of inesothorax ; 21 e,_ front; 21/,
posterior view of ilie metathorax.

22. Palpns (denuded) of Petrophora diversi-

lineata.
2:1. Palpns of Oohyria ferrugaria.
24. Male seuital armature of Petrophora trun-
cata, lateral view; 24 a, ventral; 24 b,
dorsal view; jj. penis; jil. supraanal
plate; /. c. lateral claspers.
Anisoptcryx veruata ; g , head.
Anisoptcryx vernata ; 2 , head.

S. E. C'.assino.

2o

26,

EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIIL

Fui. 1. El

pitliecia albicapitata.

Fk;. 39.

2.

absyntliiata.

40.

:i.

abs.viilliiata. \ ar.

41.

4.

iniscriilala.

'\-l.

5.

iiiistTulata van

iiilerni[i|iilas-

43.

ciata.

44.

(■).

rotuiulopunctata.

45.

7.

liiteata.

46.

H.

strattoaata.

47.

9.

ravocostaliata.

10.

nevadata.

48.

11.

subapicata.

49.

1-2. Lo

bopbora auguilint-'ata.

50.

i:!. Li)

bophora vtinata.

51.

14.

gfiniiiata.

52.

15. Gl;

uicopteryx cretaceata.

53.

10.

ca'siata.

54.

17.

luagiioliata.

55.

18.

iinplicata.

56.

19.

polata.

57.

20.

sabiiiiaria.

5H.

21.

pbocata.

59.

23. Plumyiia uniltUiueata.

60.

23.

fliiviata 2

61.

24.

floviata <?

62.

25. Ep

rrita iierlineata.

63.

26.

12-linearia.

64.

27.

cambricaria.

65.

28. Tbera coutractata.

60.

29. Hydiioiueua trifasciata.

07.

30.

calil'oriiiata, normal form.

68.

31.

sordidata var.

69.

32.

californiata var

70.

33.

califoruiata.

71.

?4.

sordidata var.

72.

35.

sordidata, norm

il fornj.

73.

36.

5-f\isciata.

74.

37.

spociosata.

75.

38. Petrophora tnincata, normal form. |

I'l'troiiJKira Irnncata var.
truueata var.
liersiliata.
bersiliata var.
cuuigerata.
Ifouinata.
uianeipata.

pruuata var. iiubilata.
priinata, normal form (desti-

nata).
prunata var. lugubrata.
atrocolorata.
albolineata.
testata,
populata.
diversilineata.

diversiliueata var. gracilineata.
llavieata.
l)arinotata.
Ocbyria abrasarla.

abrasaria wbeu rubbed,
liguicoloraria.
gueueata.
rubrosutt'iisata.
ferriigaria.
design.ata.
Pbibalapteryx latirupta.

latiriipta var.
nuinitaria.
mnuifaria var.
Epinita 12-liuearia.
Rbeumaptcia brunneicillata.
ruliciliata.
iliictuata.
tlnctnata var.
iutermediata.
lacustrata.
uuangulata.

.•GEOLSUK'/EYOFTHF

€^

r^

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V

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■^vT^ ^*^^'^-1^^1

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^r^<^^:/\■>^ wi m,'^..

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*^^'Wf

I TVfflffiUct.ifJ

EXPLANATION OF PLA1 E IX.

Fi(i

1

Kliiiiinaiiti'ia intfi'im-iliata,?

1

o

1

lia.Maliata^
( )cliyiia lacti-ata.
caiiieaUicf

T)

Eupitbi'cia lu'lirciisata 9

t)

loijfiipaliiatacf

7_

/.yf;'"l'"'i'<'t'i £

f.

KlifiiMiaptera Ingiibrata.

SI.

tristata.

10.

lia.stata 9

11.

hastata var. $

v>.

Aiiticlea va.siliata9

r.i

Phibalaptervx iiitcstiuata 9

14.

Pbilerenie allio.sisnata 9

v>.

calilbniiata9

IG.

iiii'ailiata9

17.

Hyih-ia uiidiilata 9

18.

Tii[ibosa iliibitala^

H).

Lobopbova viiidata;^

20.

incqualiata.

2\.

ini)iilaiiata9

titi

Carsia i)aUulata.

23.

Baptria albovittatacf

24.

o.'Uitbniiata 9

2b.

Keliouiata cyclad.-ita ^

•21;.

infiilata9

27.

Heterophelps barvelata 9

28.

tii.mitlata^

29.

Litbostege lotuiidatacf

:iO.

tl■i^slM•iata(?

HI.

Opeiopbtera boivata;?

:!2.

(ioiytodcs uiicaiuiria <?

:!;!.

triliijcaria;?

34.

Aspilates pervai'iat?

:ir>.

coloraiia var. <?

:«;.

coloraria.

:i7.

lintueraria var. <^

:t8.

lintiieraria, nonii.il

brill (?

:!i).

'i'ornos rMl>ii;iiu>saria^

Fig,

40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
4.''..
46.
47.
48.
49.

50.
51.

52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.

61.
62.
63.
64.
C".
6(!.
iu.
(i8.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.

Tonios aiipiii.\iiiiaria(?
IIa-mato|iis j;iatariat?
Lytbria Kii(iviaria9

rilcvaria.
Lo.xolidoiHa atiibiliata ^
Peicouia tiiiietariatf
Fidonia tnincataria;?
Eiilidoiiia i)olataria<?
Eiiiatuij;a faxouiaria.
Dasyiidonia avimcnlaiia J (lell side, as

seen from briioatb).
Orlbiilldoiiia cxoriiala,^
Carip<-ta(livisa1acf(lilt sid.-, as .si-in Imihi

bi'iiealli).
Caripeta anfinstiorata,^
Selidu.-iciiia.jiitiuniiria 9
Auai^o^a piilvi'raria9

pillv<;rariac!'(lcft sidr n-vii.vil ).
Lozofjraiii iiui discoii ven ta cf
detersata ^
atiopuiutata,^
defliiata^^

iiigroseriata^ (li-lt ^id^! as
rcversod).
Eiilitobia ribcala,^
'I'liaiiiiHiiKHiia Milpbuiaria,?
bi luuiearia,?'
arxillafcaria,?
Marim iileiy.N sli if;iilala,?

iiiai'Uiiirata (^
'IVpbro.sia laloatariatf
Tbaiiiiioiioijia triiimictaria ,/
niarccscaria<j"
giieiieariaj?
succtssariu9
wavaiia,?
Psaiumatodes ereniiata9
Pbasiane atrolasciata 9
(iriMata9

^f^..,..zfm

■^>-

■^,-V » H>.^

Ha/^v -^.^

'^\"fJ^^^lt

A-

EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.

I'lU. 1.

3.
4.

5.

C.

7.

8.

U.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

21.

2'i.
23.
24.
25.
2(1.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
.39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
40.
47.

rii:isi;uu- snovial.icf
uii'diata;^
inellistrigatii ^
trifasciata J
sinuata ,?
subuiiuiata ^
irrorata<?
neptata,?
Seiuiotbisa s-sli;iiata 9

cnlifiirnialaff

oct'lliuala tj

liuuctiililicat:! J

iiuiltilineala J
euotatat?
bisi{;nataff
niinorata ^
pntatouiata^
(listril)uaria 9
Lozograiiiin.i extreiuaria (fnnii drawiiij; cf

Walker's type).
Semiothi.saiequiferaria (riipicd Amii Walk-
er's type).
Euniacaria brunneariatJ
Corycia vestaliata,?

seTiiiclarata9 ♦

Eiuleiliuia beriuiniata jT
Deilinia variolaria<J

erythemaria,?
paciticaria^
Gucucria basiata <?
Stegauia pustiibiriatJ
Gouiacirtalia furc.ifernta J
Calledaptery X clrynpterata J
Callizzia amorata,^
Calotbysauis amatnrariatj'
Enacidalia sericeatacf
floridatacJ
Eois geuiniatat^

occideutata g
ferniga t a ^
Ceratodalia giicneata ^
AstbtMia albogilvaia ^

brnnneifasciat.i ^
hicatat?
Acidalia ossnbita ^
graiiitata ^
perirrorata^
lougiptMiiiataf?

i Fig.

48.

Aci

lalia peralbata^

49.

piiuotoliTiibriata,^

50.

(■acniiiiiiatat?

51.

pnidiictata,^

52.

insiilsaria c^

53.

paiiiiaria (?

54.

alboc'islaUata9

55.

rotniidopeiiiiatafj

5(!.

iiivii,sata<J

57,

riibrcmiargiuala,?

58.

iiidnctatatJ

.59.

.spurariaj"

CO.

califoruiata i

61.

sentinaria,?

62.

rubrolineatat?

63.

subalbata,^

64.

(luadriliueata^

65.

quinquelineata ^

66.

■ ordinatac?

67.

onncleata ^

68.

timaudrata.

69.

oouipensata.

70.

iiiipauperata.

71.

tacturata.

72.

EpI

yra pendulinaria^

73.

myrtaria,?

74.

Eue

pbyra seirul.ata,?

75.

Dyspteri.s abortivaria ^

76.

Eucrostis zelleraria <?

77.

cbloroleucaria ,?

78.

Neiiioria siibcrooeata^

79.

gratata 9

80.

pistacbiata.

81.

Cbl

orosoa iievadaria^

82.

(icrviridariat?

83.

Syi

cblora tricoloraria 9

84.

albulinearia9

85.

•pxcnrvariac^

86.

rubivorariat?

87.

Apl

odes rnl)rifrontaria c^

88.

briinnearia9

89.

mimosariac?

90.

nibrolineata,:?

91.

latiaria,?

92.

approximaria 9

93.

Gooinetra iridaria9

94.

Cid

uia remotata (from Walker's type).

95.

Lar

entia cerviuifascia ( from Wal kor's ty

.lel

90.

Epirrita dilutatac?

wm^^Wm ^nw wm WfW wlW

^^P^ m ^^^P 1^^9 ^^WP

%ir

^ tX'

---Caf

«1nk. ./^mSr ^m<^

^KI^kK.'

V

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XL

KiG. 1. Ai)is(>|>K'iyx antnmuat.i,^
■2. viTiiata J

o. Pliigaliasfiigataiiii ^

4. Aihi)lii(la.sis cdgnalaiia;^

5. cupidariaj^ (after Grote).
(j. iineriiaria 9

7. Bistoi] nisaiia^

t<. Paraiihia nubatomariao'

;». (leplauariatf

10. iiuipuuctata9

11. Tephrosia cogDataiiar(
1-2. auticaria^

13. cribiataiia ^

14. cauadaria,?

15. californiaria,?

l(i. CyiuatopUora psilograminaiia,^

17. ' pUiniosaiia ^

18. quin(|ue-!incaiia(?

19. polygraiiniiaiia^

20. pamiiinariat?

21. larvaria^

22. liuiiiariacf

23. miildosariacf

24. crcpusciilaiiacf

25. ralifoiniariaj
20. liioiiclicli.i lioilaria (?

27. Oiiciplios liayili-iiata.^

2H. HeiiK'Kiphila latifasiriaria ,?

21(, iiiiitaria,?

30. Steuutracbelys api)ioxiiiiai'ia9

31. pL'i'magiiaria9

Via. 32

Clccira piilcliiaria,?

33.

uuibro,sana^

34.

iiif;r()veLaiia9

.35.

pulibraria var. 9

36.

(Waiitiiif;.)

37.

Hyperetis iiyssaria var.

38.

var. c?

39.

var. 9

40.

typical form^

41.

Plagodis alcoolana9

42.

pblogosaria 9

.43.

fervidaria.

44.

kciitzingariatf

45.

seriiiariaj^

46.

Nematocampa tilameutaria 9

47.

Opi.sthograptis ochreata,?

48.

Heteroloeba cd wardsata 9

4d.

Tbanmouoina liavicaria <?

50.

Sicya iiuicularia ^

51.

froiu a Californian exam

pie, crocearia^

52.

Angeroua cri'cataria g

.53.

Caberodes cayennaria,?

54.

Aspilatos liberaria9 *

55.

Autcpioiie depot] tai)ata J

56.

.siilpbiirata9

.57.

Epiniic iiKillieularia^

58.

Azeliiia biiliiierata;?

59.

biibiierata?

60.

bebrousata ,{

US GE0L.f!URVKYOFTHE TF,RR!TORIK;-

/.,'

:1?«^^'

"^' " 1^^

V.

■**^

?>«*

Kji'^

r

^k^>^M^^•

*^.^-

'^> :ix.v

>n:v^-;;^ ^^^X/^^,^^

X

\ 2r

-^-ae5»N

^.«#

1^

^■':-^

/

y

.^'

.-^^^ «ir--..

^^fm?^-

r-:C>,

■-.^l^.

^V;^.

f--/'

^i

/.

V io y

.^^^

--. w ^•^-

•-^^

X:S?

%;X>^^

H.S.Spra^ ue . d? .

:-;l^

:^-

s?*/

^•■/

._ J

p:xplanation of plate xii.

1.

Met

rocaniim pcrlari.-i,^

Fio. 25.

2.

Tberin;i

Icividaiia;? uoniial fonii.

26.

3.

fervidai'ia of Hiibuer.

27.

■1.

.scniiiuidariatj

28.

5.

semiundaria var. 9

29.

6.

endropiaiia 9

30.

i .

Epi

rau

tbis obfinuariat?

31.

8.

Eudropi

a pilosariadf

32.

9.

apiciaria^

33.

10.

diiaiia J

34.

11.

pectiuaria,?

35.

12.

bypocbraria^

36.

13.

luargiiiariat^

37.

14.

viuuleutariacf

38.

15.

textiinaiia^

39.

IC.

iiiadiisaria;^

40.

17.

aiiia'naiia<J

41.

IH.

pt!Ctiiiaiia9

42.

19.

a-nuataria (? ,

43.

20.

aruiataiiacT var.

44.

21.

biliucaiiatf

45.

22.

ffFectaiia <?

46.

23.

obtusaiia J*

47.

24.

effectariaj'

48.

Endi'opia serrataria J
Seleuia kentai'ia^

alciiibearia^
Eii);oiiia aliiiaria,?

.snbsiguaria^
CabtTodcs confusaria var. metrocauipan.v ^
coiifiisai'ia,?
iiiajuraria<J
Metaiieuia caiuariacf
Caberodes cti'vii]aria9
Drepariodes piibei(J
varus ij
varus?
Metaneiua inatomaria?

(jiU'rcivoraria9
Tetraeis erocallata,?
lorata,?
parallolaria,^
paralkdaria?
aurautiacaria? var.
aurantiacaria 9 normal form.
cerviiiaria9
coloradariacf
grotearia ^

w^. /.^rlH

« 'Su.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII.

Fig. 1. Eugouia subsiguiiria, l.irva ; 1 a, pupa of
E. aluiaria.

2. Eutitchia ribeata (after Trouvelot).

3. Tonios lubiginosaria, larva ; 3 a, pupa (af-

ter Abbot MS.).

4. Uudetermined larva feeiiiug on willow

(after Trouvelot).

5. Eudropia obtusaria, larva (after Abbot,

MS. drawing).

6. Aiii.sopter.vx veruata, larva, from Guide to

Stud.v of Insects, G a, pupa of Auisopteryx,
species uudetermined.

7. Plemyria fiuvia'a, larva ; 7 (i, pupa, after

Milliere.

8. Nematocampa filamcntaria, larva ; 8 n,

pupa (Guide to Study of Insects).

9. Angerouacrocataria, larva (Guide to Study

of Insects).

10. Eudropia textriuaria, larva; 10 n, pujia

(Abbot, MS.).

11. Potrophora diversiliueata, larva (a poor

copy from Guide to Study of lusects).

12. Zerene catenaria, larva (after Trouvelot).

13. Cleora pulcbraria, pupa.

14. Epbyra pendulinaria, pupa; 14 a, dorsal

view (after Scudder).

15. Cymatopbora bum aria, larva (Abbot, MS.,

see fig. 21).

16. Acidalia ordinata, larva; 16 o, pupa (Ab-

bot, MS.).

17. Cymatopbora larvaria, pujja.

18. C'aberodes confusaria, larva ; 18 a, pupa

(Abbot, MS.).

19. Hyperetis uyssaria, larva; 19 a, pupa

(Abbot, MS.).

20. Eutrapelatrausversata, larva (Abljot, MS.) ;

20 a, pupa from nature.

21. ? Cymatopbora bumai'ia, larva; 21 a, pupa

(Abbot, MS.).

22. Arrbostia lumenaria (after Abbot, MS.).

This larva is probably not a Cymato-
pbora; thi^re seems to be no doubt but
that fig. 15 is the young of C. bumaria.

23. Syncblora escurvaria?, larva (Abbot, MS.).

24. Semiotbisa enotata, larva ; 24 «, pupa (Ab-

bot, MS.).

25. Hyperetis uyssaria, larva, bis (Abbot, MS.).

26. Acidalia enucleata, larva; 26 a, pupa (Ab-

bot, MS.).

27. Euiiitbeeia niLserulata, larva ; 27 a, pupa

(after Cassino).

Fig. 28. Aplodes brunuearia, larva ; 28, pupa (Ab-
bot, MS.).

29. Tetracis lorata, pujia, from nattire.

30. Drepanodes varus, pupa, dorsal and lateral

view (after Emerton). See p. 43.

31. Larva of 46, species near Syncblora excur-

varia (after Abbot, MS.).

32. Acidalia iusulsaria, pupa (from nature).

33. Stegauia pustularia, larva ; 33 a, pupa

(Abbot, MS.).

34. Tberina fervidaria, larva; 34 a, pup.a (Ab-

bot, MS.).

35. Aspilates dissimilaria, larva; 35 a, pupa

(Abbot, MS.).

36. Cymatopbora larvaria, pupa, bis, same as

fig. 17.

37. Pbigalia strigularia 9

38. Auisopteryx autumuata 9

39. vernata 9

40. Cbloraspilates bicoloraria ,J

41. Syncblora excnrvaria?, reared from fig. 23

(Abbot, MS.).

42. Hyperetis nyssaria var. nepidsaria Walk.

(from Walker's type).

43. Aplodes sp.? (Abbot, MS.).

44. Aplodes rubromargiuaria9

45. Phasiane nubeculata,^

46. Near Syncblora excurvaria (Abbot, MS.).

47. Aplodes brunuearia 9 (Abbot, MS.).

48. Semiotbisa dislocata $

49. Tbamnouoma flavicaria,?

50. Stenaspilates meskearia,?

51. Plagodis keutzingaria (?

52. Acidalia restrictata^ (from Walker's type).

53. Aspilates atropuuctaria (do.).

54. Caberodes antidiscaria ,? (do.).
.55. Chlorosea bistriaria,?

56. Azelina zalissaria (from Walker's type).
57. Napuca orciferariac? (from Walker's type).-

58. Anaplodes pistaciaria ^

59. Tetracis truxaliata <?

60. trianguliferaria^

61. Eutrapela uubilata 9

62. nubilata cf

03. transversata cf

64. furciferata var. cC

65. Tetracis a;grotata d

66. Eutrapela falcata cf

67. Tetracis truxaliata cf bis.

68. Eutrapela trausversata d var.

69. cleiuatata d'

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