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LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY Of
CALIFORNIA

£ARTH
SCIENCES

c/

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

HARRIMAN ALASKA SERIES

VOLUME XIV

Monograph of the Shallow-water

Starfishes of the North Pacific Coast

from the Arctic Ocean to California

(WITH 110 PLATES)

BY

ADDISON EMERY .VERRILL

Professor Emeritus of Yale University

PART 2. PLATES

(PUBLICATION 2140)
CITY OF WASHINGTON

PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTIOM
1914

j

BALTIMORE, ilD., U. 8. A.

Shallow-water Starfishes of the North Pacific
Coast from the Arctic Ocean to California

PLATES I-CX WITH EXPLANATIONS

M686283

PLATE I.

FIG. i. Glyphaster anomalus (Fisher). Dorsal side; X2.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal side; X4- Alaska, Harriman Expe-
dition.

(4)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE I

1,2. GLYPHASTER ANOMALUS (Fisher)

2

PLATE II.

FIG. i. Mediaster cequalis Stimpson. Dorsal side; about natural size.
FIG. 2. Mediaster bairdii Verrill. Type. Dorsal side; about natural size.

(6)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE

1. MEDIASTER ^EQUALIS Stimpson

2. MEDIASTER BAIRDII Verrill. Type

PLATE III. .,

FIG. i. Mediaster cequalis Stimpson. Ventral side; about natural size.
FIG. 2. Mediaster bairdii Verrill. Type. Ventral side; about natural size.

(8)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE III

1. MEDIASTER MQUALIS Stimpson

2. MEDIASTER BAIRDII Verrill. Type

PLATE IV.

FIG. i. Ceramaster granularis (Retz.) Verrill. Dorsal side ; about ^ natural

size. West Atlantic. Station 2506.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Ventral side; about % natural size.

do)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE IV

i, 2. CERAMASTER GRANULARIS (Retz.)

PLATE V.

FIG. I. Hfnricia leviuscula, var. spatulifera Verrill. Type. One of the

actinal interradial areas, jaws, and proximal adambulacral

spines ; X 6. Monterey. Yale Mus.
FIG. 2. Crossaster papposus (Linn.) M. & Trosch. An interradial area

and jaw; enlarged.
FIGS. 3, 4. Mediaster cequalis Stimpson. Portions of dorsal and actinal sides

of a ray; X6.
FIG. 5. The same. Portion of dorsal side of a ray with spinules removed,

showing plates and papular areas ; X 8.
FIG. 6. Ctenodiscus crispatus (Retz.) D. & Kor. Portion of an interradial

area, inferomarginal plates, and jaws; after Ludwig, from a

Bering Sea specimen ; X 4-
FIG. 7. The same. Front view of upper and under marginal plates ; X 5-

From the same.
FIGS. 8, 80. The same. One of the fasciolar spinules, side and profile views ;

X 120. From the same.

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE V

X6

1. HENRICIA LEVIUSCULA, var. SPATULIFERA Verrill. Type

2. CROSSASTER PAPPOSUS (Linn.)
3, 4, 5. MEDIASTER ^EQUALIS Stimpson
6,7,8. CTENODISCUS CRISPATUS (Retz.)

XS

PLATE VI.

FIG. I. Glyphaster anomalus (Fisher) Verrill. Actinal side;Xi^. British
Columbia.

FIG. 2. The same specimen. Dorsal side; X !%•

FIG. 3. Dermasterias imbricata (Grube) Perrier. A young specimen, six-
rayed. Dorsal side; X i^-

FIG. 4. The same, adult. Details of ventral side ; P, P, pedicellariae ; X 2.

FIG. 5. The same specimen. Portion more enlarged. P, P, bivalved pedicel-
lariae ; P', P', trivalved pedicellariae ; X 4-

(14)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

'"* \ - - w ^Y A -"^

,**• . • > v.' '-^

i, 2. GLYPH ASTER ANOMALUS (Fisher)

3. DERMASTERIAS IMBRICATA (Grube). A young six-rayed specimen

4,5. The same, adult. Details of ventral side

PLATE VII.

FIG. I. Patiria miniata (Brandt) Verrill. Dorsal side; about ft natural size.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Ventral side. Yale Mus.

(16)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

1,2. PATIKIA MINIATA (Brandt)

PLATE VIII.

FIG. I. Crossaster papposus (Linn.) M. & Troschel. A young specimen, in

alcohol. Ventral side ; X i&-
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Dorsal side; X i%- Berg Bay. Yale Mus.

(18)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE VIII

1,2. CROSSASTER PAPPOSUS (Linn.)

PLATE IX.

FIG. I. Leptasierias coei Verrill. Type. In alcohol; X 2%. Alaska, Harri-

man Expedition. Yale Mus.
FIG. 2. Solaster endeca (Linn.) Forbes. Young. Dorsal sidejX1/^- Harri-

man Expedition.

FIG. 3. The same specimen. Ventral side; X i^. Juneau, 20 fathoms.
FIG. 4. Crossaster papposus (Linn.) M. & Troschel. Details of dorsal side

of a young specimen in alcohol ; X 2^. Berg Bay, Harriman

Expedition. Yale Mus.
i . ' i

(30)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE IX

1. LEPTASTERIAS COEI Verrill. Type

2, 3. SOLASTER ENDECA (Linn.)

4. CROSSASTER PAPPOSUS (Linn.)

/o

PLATE X.

FIG. i. Solaster stimpsoni Verrill. Type. Actinal side; about % natural size.

British Columbia. No. 5136. Yale Mus.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Dorsal side ; about ^ natural size.

(M)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE X

1, 2. SOLASTER STiMPSONi Verrill. Type. No. 5407, Yale Mus.

PLATE XL

FIG. I. Solaster stimpsoni Verrill. Cotype. Details of actinal
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Dorsal side ; X if£

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XI

i, 2. SOLASTER STiMPSONi Verrill. Cotype

PLATE XII.

FIG. I. Henricia tumida Verrill. Type. Dorsal side; X i^« Yale Mus.

FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal side; X VA-

FIG. 3. Henricia tumida borealis Verrill. Type. Dorsal side; about 7/10

natural size Dutch Harbor. Yale Mus.

FIG. 4. The same specimen. Actinal side; 7/10 natural size.
FIG. 5. Henricia leviuscula (Stimpson). Typical form. Dorsal side; %

natural size.
FIG. 6. Henricia leviuscula (Stimpson), var. dyscrita Fisher. Actinal side;

y$ natural size.

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

1,2. HENRICIA TUMIDA Verrill. Type

3, 4. HENRICIA TUMIDA BOREALIS Verrill. Type

5. HENRICIA LEVIUSCULA (Stimpv-n)

6. HENRICIA LEVIUSCULA (Stimp^jn), var. DYSCRITA Fisher

PLATE XIII.

FIG. i. Henricia leviuscula (Stimpson). Details of dorsal side of the typical

form; X i&- Yale Mus.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Ventral side; with spines partly removed;

X i&. Yale Mus.

(28)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XIII

1,2. HENRICIA LEVIUSCULA (Stimpson)

PLATE XIV.

FIG. i. Henricia leviuscula, var. spatulifera Verrill. Type. Details of ven-
tral side ; X 5- Monterey, Calif. Yale Mus., No. 2238.

(30)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XIV

i. HENRICIA LEVIUSCULA, var. SPATULIFERA Verrill. Type

PLATE XV.

FIG. I. Solaster stimpsoni Verrill. Type. Same specimen as on pi. x (No.

5407, Yale Mus.). Details of dorsal side of disk; X 3- Yale Mus.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Details of actinal side; O, mouth; t, peroral

spines ; X 3-

(3*)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XV

r, 2. SOI.ASTER STIMPSONI Verrill. Type. No. 5407, Yale Mus.

PLATE XVI.

FIG. i. Leptasterias epichlora alaskensis, var. carinella Verrill. Young.

Dorsal side; natural size.

FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal side; natural size. Yale Mus.
FIG. 3. The same, var. siderea Verrill. Type. Dorsal side; about natural

size.

FIG. 4. The same specimen. Actinal side; about natural size. Yale Mus.
FIGS. 5-6. The same. Very young stages; much enlarged (X about 6). Yale

Mus.
FIG. 7. Leptasterias dispar Verrill. Type. Dorsal side; about natural

size. Yale Mus.
FIG. 8. Leptasterias aqualis (Stimpson), var. Ventral side; about natural

size.

(34)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XVI

1,2. LEPTASTERIAS EPICHLORA ALASKENSIS, var. CARINELLA Verrill
3-6. The same, var. SIDEREA Verrill. Type

7. LEPTASTERIAS DISPAR Verrill. Type

8. LEPTASTERIAS ^QUALIS (Stimpson), var.

n

PLATE XVII.

FIG. I. Leptasterias coei Verrill. Type. In alcohol. Dorsal side ; X 2J4.

Berg Bay. Yale Mus.
FIG. 2. The same. Cotype. Specimen with shorter rays from Berg Bay.

Actinal view; X ^A- Yale Mus.

(36)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

17

PLATE XVII

i, 2. LEPTASTERIAS COEI Verrill. Type. Berg Bay. Yale Mus.

PLATE XVIII.

FIG. I. Leptasterias cequalis (Stimpson). Typical form, from Monterey Bay.

Actinal side ; X ^A-

FIG. 2. The same specimen. Dorsal side; X IJ4-
FIG. 3. Leptasterias leptalea Verrill. Type. Ventral side; X i%- Sitka.

Yale Mus.
FIG. 4. Orthasterias merriami Verrill, sp. nov. Type. Dorsal side; about

natural size. ->

FIG. 5. The same specimen. Details. Actinal side; natural size. Juneau.

Univ. of Calif.

(38)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

/r

PLATE XVIII

1,2. LEPTASTERIAS ^QUALIS (Stimpson)

3. LEPTASTERIAS LEPTALEA Verrill. Type

4, 5. ORTHASTERIAS MERRIAMI Verrill. Type

PLATE XIX.

FIG. I. Orthasterias merriami Verrill. Type. In alcohol. Actinal side;

natural size. Glacier Bay.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Dorsal side. Yale Mus.

(40)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE X

XIX

1,2. ORTHASTERIAS MERRIAMI Verrill. Cotype

20

20

PLATE XX.

Fro. I. Evasterias acanthostoma Verrill. Type. Actinal side ; % natural size.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Portion of dorsal side ; X i^- Popbf Is.,
Alaska. Professor Ritter, Univ. Calif.

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XX

i, 2. EVASTERIAS ACANTHOSTOMA Verrill. Type

PLATE XXI.

FIG. i. Pisaster ochraceus (Brandt). Dorsal side; about ^ natural size.
FIG. 2. The same. Actinal side; l/2 natural size.

(44)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

Zl

PLATE XXI

1,2. PISASTER OCHRACEUS (Brandt)

PLATE XXII.
FIG. I. Evasterias troschelii (Stimpson). Typical form, in alcohol. Actinal

FIG. 2. The same specimen. Dorsal side; X 1/4- Sitka. Yale Mus.

(46)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XXII

1,2. EVASTERIAS TROSCHELII (StimpSOll)

^C <cx

PLATE XXIII.

FIG. i. Orthasterias dawsoni Verrill. Type. Ventral side ; ^ natural size.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Dorsal side ; 7/10 natural size. British Columbia,
Canadian Geol. Survey.

(48)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE

1,2. ORTHASTERIAS DAWSONI Verrill. Type

PLATE XXIV.
FIG. I. Orthasterias columbiana Verrill. Type. In alcohol. Actinal side of a

FIG. 2. The same specimen. Dorsal side of a ray; X iH- Yale Mus. Same

specimen as pi. xix. 4-
FIG. 3. Evasterias acanthostoma Verrill. Type. Part of a ray (dry), side

view; about natural size. Univ. Calif.
FIG. 4. Orthasterias columbiana Verrill. Details of actinal side; X i%-

Yakutat, Alaska. Yale Mus.

(so)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XXIV

i, 2. ORTHASTERIAS COLUMBIANA Verrill. Type

3. EVASTERIAS ACANTHOSTOMA Verrill. Type

4. ORTHASTERIAS COLUMBIANA Verrill

PLATE XXV.

FIG. i. Evasterias troschelii. Type of Stimpson. Part of a ray, dorsal side ;

about 9/10 natural size.

FIG. 2. The same specimen. Ventral side. U. S. Nat. Mus.
FIGS. 3, 4. Ciena si eria s cribraria (Stimpson). Type of Stimpson. Dorsal and

ventral sides ; about 9/10 natural size.
FIGS. 5,6. Leptasterias (equalis (Stimpson). Type of Stimpson. Ventral side;

about 9/10 natural size. U. S. Nat. Mus.
FIGS. 7, 8. Leptasterias hexactis (Stimpson). Type of Stimpson. Ventral

side; about 9/10 natural size. U. S. Nat. Mus.

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

2.6"

PLATE XXV

1,2. EVASTERIAS TROSCHEUI (Stimpson). Type of Stimpson
3,4. CTENASTERIAS CRIBRARIA (Stimpson). Type of Stimpson
5,6. LEPTASTERIAS ^QUALIS (Stimpson). Type of Stimpson
7,8. LEPTASTERIAS HEXACTIS (Stimpson). Type of Stimpson

PLATE XXVI.

FIG. i. Evasterias troschelii Stimpson. Typical form from Sitka. Dorsal

side; about l/2 natural size.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Details of actinal side; X i^ Yakutat. Yale

Mus.

(54)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XXVI

1.2. EVASTERIAS TROSCHELII (StimpSOll)

27

PLATE XXVII.

FIG. i. Asterias aceruata Stimpson. Type. Dorsal side ; about % natural size.

U. S. Nat. Mus.
FIG. z. The same specimen. Ventral side; about % natural size.

(56)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE

I. ASTERIAS ACERVATA Stimpson. Type

PLATE XXVIII.

FIG. i. Leptasterias epichlora alaskensis Verrill. Type. Dorsal side;

natural size.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Ventral side; natural size. Yale Mus.

(58)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

-28"

PLATE XXVIII

1,2. LEPTASTERIAS EPICHLORA ALASKENSIS Verrill. Type

PLATE XXIX.

FIG. i. Pycnopodia helianthoides (Brandt) Stimpson. Actinal side; about

Ys natural size. Yale Mus.
FIG. 2. Dermasterias imbricata (Grube) Perrier. I>orsal side; % natural

size. Yale Mus.

(60)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XXIX

1. PYCNOPODIA HELIANTHOIDES (Brandt)

2. DERMASTERIAS IMBRICATA (Grube)

PLATE XXX.

FIG. I. Pycnopodia helianthoides (Brandt) Stimpson. Same specimen as pi.
xxix, fig. i. Details of dorsal side;

(6*)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XXX

PVCNOPODIA HELIANTHOIDES (Brandt)

PLATE XXXI.

FIG. i. Pycnopodia helianthoides (Brandt). Young, in alcohol. Dorsal side;
X about 5.

FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal side. These figures show the inter-
budding of new rays, symmetrically to a median plane indicated
by the arrows ; a, a, last- formed rays ; b, b', previous or first pair
of interpolated rays, one on either side of a primary odd ray.

(64)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

31

PLATE XXXI

1,2. PYCNOPODIA HELIANTHOIDES (Brandt). Young, in alcohol

- '

PLATE XXXII.

FIG. i. Pter aster tesselatus Ives. Ventral side of an alcoholic specimen;

about 24 natural size.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Dorsal side. Yale Mus.

(66)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

;,

PLATE XXXII

PTERASTER TESSELATUS Ives

PLATE XXXIII.

FIG. i. Luidiaster dawsoni (Verrill) Ludwig. Type. Dorsal side; about
natural size. Canadian Geol. Survey.

(68)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

.53

PLATE XXXIII

LUIDIASTER DAWSONI (Verrill) Ludwig. Type

10

PLATE XXXIV.

FIG. I. The same specimen as pi. xxxiu. Details of lower side of disk;
P, P, P, pectinate or fasciolated pedicellariae ; X about 6.

(70)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XXXIV

LUIDIASTER DAWSONI (Verrill) Ludwig. Type. Details

PLATE XXXV.

FIG. I. Orthasterias columbiana Verrill. Type. Same specimen as pi. xxiv,
fig. 4. Dorsal side ; $4 natural size. Yakutat. Yale Mus.

FIG. 2. Luidiaster dawsoni (Verrill) Ludwig. Type. Same specimen as pis.
xxxin and xxxiv. About Y$ natural size. Geol. Surv. Canada.

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XXXV

1. ORTHASTERIAS COLUMBIANA Verrill. Cotype

2. LUIDIASTER DAWSONI (Verrill) Ludwig. Type

tike

PLATE XXXVI.

FIG. i. Pisaster paucispinus (Stimpson) Verrill. Type of Stimpson. Dorsal
view ; about 2/3 natural size, /v e>. / \£f *t SS* #* -—

FIG. 2. The same. Actinal view; about ^ natural size. U. S. Nat. Mus.
FIG. 3. Pisaster capitatus (Stimpson) Verrill. Type of Stimpson. Dorsal

view; ^ natural size.
FIG. 4. The same specimen. Actinal view; ^ natural size.

(74)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

.

PLATE XXXVI

*

Nfi**?*'*-* f ?-- • 4-^ *3

- * -

1,2. PISASTER PAUCISPINUS (Stimpson) Verrill. Type of Stimpson
3,4- PISASTER CAPITATUS (Stimpson) Verrill. Type of Stimpson

37

PLATE XXXVII.
giganteus (Stimpson) Verrill. Type of Stimpson. Dorsal

. _ . - .

view; about Js natural size.

FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal view. U. S. Nat. Mus.
CJL

(76)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

37

PLATE XXXVII

1,2. PISASTER GIGANTEUS (Stimpson) Verrill. Type of Stimpson

II

PLATE XXXVIII.

FIG. i. Pisaster confertus (Stimpson) Verrill. Type. Dorsal view; about

y2 natural size.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal view. U. S. Nat. Mus.

(78)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XXXVIII

1,2. PISASTER CONFERTUS (Stimpson) Verrill. Type

39

PLATE XXXIX.

FIG. i. Pisaster fissispinus (Stimpson) Verrill. Type. Dorsal view; about

l/3 natural size.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal view. U. S. Nat. Mus.

(80)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XXXIX

1,2. PISASTER FISSISPINUS (Stimpson) Verrill. Type

PLATE XL.

FIG. r. Pisaster liitkenii (Stimpson) Verrill. Type. Dorsal view; about

natural size.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal view. U. S. Nat. Mus.

(82)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XL

->^
^5

^T

. v^£ -'^?2SR' vS?^p
, i^fevJSr^^^^fe"''^:

-• .?- -*. .-.ri'ELWv'r j*,. -«. ««S.- «<SR.-.13Mri.;«-- .

^M

T, 2. PISASTER LUTKENII (Stimpson) Verrill. Type

^ J'^ '

PLATE XLI.

rFio. i. Pisaster brevispinus (Stimpson) Verrill. Type. Dorsal view; about
•Hi natural size. U. S. Nat. Mus.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal view; % natural sire.

(84)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

¥/

PLATE XLI

1,2. PISASTER BREVISPINUS (Stimpson) Verrill. Type

2.

12

*

PLATE XLII.
Pisaster papulosus Verrill. Type. Dorsal view; about 7/10 natural size.

(86)

H. A. E. VOL. XiV

PLATE XLII

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PISASTER PAPULOSUS VER. Type

PLATE
Pisaster papulosus Verrill. Actinal side of type ;

(88)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XLIII '

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PISASTKR PAPULOSUS VER. Type

PLATE XLIV.

FIG. i. Pisaster brevispinus (Stimpson) Verrill. Dorsal view; about ^

natural size. No. 1820, Mus. Comp. Zool.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Dorsal view of a part of the disk, including the

madreporic plate ; X 2%.

(90)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XLI

1.2. PlSASTER BREVISPINUS (ST.) VER.

PLATE

Pisaster brevispinus (Stimpson) Verrill. Actinal side; X2?i. No. 1820, Mus.
Comp. Zoology.

(92)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PlSASTER BREV1SPINUS (ST.) VfiR.

PLATE XLVI.

FIG. I. Solaster stimpsoni Verrill. Profile view of adambulacral, marginal,

and adjacent spines; a, a, adambulacral spines, actinal series;

d ', a', furrow series; b, peractinals; m, m, inferomarginals ; m' ',

supramarginals ; d, dorso-lateral spines and plates.
FIG. 10. The same specimen. A group of dorsal pseudopaxillse and papular

pores ; X about 9.
FIG. ib. The same specimen. Dorsal pseudopaxillae from base of ray, vertical

and side views; X 17-
FIG. ic. The same specimen. A dorsal, dermal, bivalve pedicellaria from

near the edge of a papular pore ; X 150.
FIG. 2. Solaster galaxides Verrill. Type. Profile view of actinal side ; a, a,

plates ; X about 7. Lettering as in fig. I.
FIG. 2a. The same. A group of dorsal pseudopaxillae from another specimen ;

X about 17. No. 1897, Mus. Comp. Zool.
FIG. 3. Solaster constellates Verrill. Type. X about 7. Lettering as in

fig. i.
FIG. 4. The same specimen. A group of dorsal pseudopaxillae and papular

pores, seen from above ; X about 9.
FIG. 5. Solaster dawsoni Verrill. Type. Profile view of adambulacral and

inferomarginal plates and spines from middle part of a ray.

Lettering as in fig. I.
FIG. 50. The same specimen. A group of dorsal pseudopaxillae and papular

pores; X9-
FIG. 5&. The same. Dorsal pseudopaxillse from the type specimen, vertical

and side views ; X 17.

(94)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

HELIOTVPE CO., BOSTON

i-ic. SOLASTER STIMPSONI VER. Details
2.2a. S. GALAXIDES VER. Details. Type
3.4. S. CONSTELLATUS VER. Details. Type
5-5b. S. DAWSONI VER. Details

,

PLATE XLVII.

FIG. i. Hippasteria phrygiana (Parel.) Agassiz. Photograph of under side
of an Atlantic specimen; enlarged.

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XLVII

HIPPASTERIA PHRYGIANA (Parel.) Agassiz photograph of under side of an
Atlantic specimen enlarged

PLATE XLVIII.

FIG. i. Hippasteria phrygiana (Parel.) Agassiz. Part of the dorsal surface

of a New England specimen (314) ; X 6.
FIG. 2. The same. One of the jaws and adoral plates; a, a', first and second

adambulacral plates ; ep, epioral spines ; pr, apical peroral spines ;

o, large valvular pedicellaria on first actinal interradial plate;

X6.
FIG. 3. The same. Two inferomarginal plates (m'") and adjacent interactinals ;

X6.
FIG. 4. The same. Central part of disk, showing dorsal " anal " or nephridial

pore ; X 6.
FIG. 5. The same. Three adambulacral plates and spines (o) and adjacent

interactinal plates, each bearing a large valvular pedicellaria ; X 6.
FIG. 6. Orthasterias tanneri Verrill. a, outer, and a', inner adambulacral

spines ; m', supramarginals, and m", inferomarginals ; o, one of the

large, acute major pedicellariae ; X 7- From off the Atlantic coast.

No. 5524. Yale Mus.

(98)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV.

PLATE XLVIII

A. H. VERRILL, FROM NATURE. HELIOTYPE CO.

1-5. HIPPASTERIA PHRYGIANA (Parel.) Agassiz
6. ORTHASTERIAS TANNERI Verrill

PLATE XLIX.
FIG. I. Henricia sanguinolenta, var. pectinata Verrill. Type. From an

Atlantic specimen. Part of the dorsal surface ; X 14-

FIG. 10. The same specimen. Part of under surface and side of a ray;

a, adambulacral spines; a', inner or groove-spine; p, p, per-

actinal row of pseudopaxillae ; m', m', supramarginals ;

m", m", inferomarginals ; b, b, papulae; X 14-

FIG. ib. The same. Profile view of one interambulacral and one per-

actinal group of spines ; X 14.
FIG. 2. Henricia sanguinolenta (Mull.) Bell. Young. Atlantic specimen.

Altered from Duncan and Sladen, X 5-

ft FIGS. 3-30. Major or forficulate pedicellariae of Pisaster ochraceus, much

j^K enlarged; 3, profile view of one of the larger erect, unguicu-

late, lateral kind; 30, 3&, interior surface of valves; 3C, 3d,

-

t>l two of the smaller forms; 30, a small group of the small pedi-

cellate forms found on the margin of the adambulacral plates.
FIG. 4. Crossaster papposus (Linn.) M. & Tr. Part of the skeleton of a

ray, of an Arctic specimen, after Danielssen and Koren ;

a, a, adambulacral plates ; m', m', superomarginals ; m", m",

inferomarginals; c, connective ossicle; d, dorsal plates and

pseudopaxillae ; enlarged.
FIG. 5. Ctenodiscus crispatus (Retz.) D. & Kor. From an Atlantic speci-

men, after Miiller and Troschel. Under side of base of a

ray.

FIG. 50. The same. Part of the dorsal surface. X about 2.
FIG. 6. Hippasteria phrygiana. Part of disk, showing madreporic plate;

X&

(100)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XLIX

A. H. VERRILL, FROM NATURE.

HELIOTYPE CO.

i-ia. HENRICIA SANGUINOLENTA, var. PECTINATA Verrill

2. HENRICIA SANGUINOLENTA (Mull.) Bell

3-32. PISASTER OCHRACEUS (Brandt)

4. CROSSASTER PAPPOSUS (Linn.) M. & Tr.

T-v O- 17

14

PLATE L.

FIG. I. Dermasterias imbricata (Grube) Perrier. a, c, pedicellariae, mostly

bivalved, from actinal side ; X 26.
FIG. 10. The same specimen, a-c, bivalved and trivalved pedicellariae from

the actinal side ; X 26-
FIG. ib. The same specimen, a-f, four-valved and five-valved pedicellariae

from the dorsal side ; X 26.
FIG. 2. Ceramaster granularis (Retz.) Verrill. Plates of the dorsal side

covered with granules ; the central one bears a bivalved pedicel-

laria ; X 8.
FIG. 20. The same specimen, with the granules removed from two of the

plates ; X 8.

FIG. 3. Tosiaster arcticus Verrill. Type. A group of dorsal plates, par-
tially in profile; some of them (c, c) with the large granules

removed ; also showing papular pores ; X 8.
FIG. 30. The same specimen. A group of dorsal plates, some of them (c, c)

with the granules removed ; p, bivalved pedicellariae ; X 8.
FIG. 4. Hippasteria spinosa Verrill. Type, a', a' inner, and a, outer adam-

bulacral spines ; p, p', pedicellariae of actinal plates ; X 8.
FIG. 40. The same specimen. A group of dorsal plates and spines ; p, p,

pedicellariae ; X 8.
FIG. 4&. The same specimen. One of the dorsal plates with a pedicellaria ;

X about 16.

FIG. 4<r. The same. A dorsal pedicellaria of the broad form; X about 16.
FIG. 5. Astropecten calif ornicus Fisher. Actinal side; a', a', inner, and

a, a, outer adambulacral spines; m, m, inferomarginal plates;

c, c, inferomarginal spines ; X 8.

FIG. 6. Astropecten siderealis Verrill. Actinal side; a, a, outer adambu-
lacral spines; a', central spine of the adambulacral plate; a",

furrow spines; c, c, inferomarginal spines; m, m, inferomarginal

plates; X 8.
FIG. 7. Stenasterias macropora Verrill. Type. Portion of the actinal side

of a ray, with the spines removed ; X 5-

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE L

x.V

A. HYATT VERR.LL OEL.

HELIOTVPE CO. , BOSTON

i-ib. DERMASTKRIAS IMBRICATA (GRUBS)
2.2a. CKRAMASTER GRANULARIS (M.)

3.33. TOSIASTER ARCTICUS VER.

4-40. HlPPASTERIA SPINOSA VER.

5- ASTROPECTEN CALIFORNICUS F. 6. A. SIDERKALIS VER.

7- STENASTERIAS MACROPORA VER.

57

Swrf*- /

•

PLATE LI.

FIG. i. Asterias katherina Gray. Dorsal view of No. 1181, Mus. Comp. Zool. ;

y$ natural size. Gulf of Georgia.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal side ; X 3-

(104)

H. A. E. VOL. 'XIV

PLATE LI

1.2. ASTERIAS KATHERINAE GRAY

PLATE LII.

Asterias katherina Gray. Dorsal side of the same specimen shown on pi. LI;
X 4M- Gulf of Georgia. No. 1181, Mus. Comp. Zool.

(106)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE Lll

MELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

ASTERIAS KATHERIXAE GRAY

S3

PLATE LIII.

FIG. I. Asterias victoriana Verrill. Type. Dorsal view ; Y$ natural size.
FIG. 2. Pisaster confertus (Stimpson) Verrill. X about ij^j.

(108)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

S3

PLATE Lilt

HEUOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1. ASTKRIAS VICTORIANA VER. T_ype

2. PlSASTER CONFERTUS (ST.)

PLATE LIV.

FIG. i. Asterias victoriana Verrill. Type. Actinal side ;

FIG. 2. The same specimen. Side view of a ray ; X 2%. Vancouver I.

(no)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LIV

HEUOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1.2. ASTERIAS VICTORIANA VliR. Type

:rr

PLATE LV.

FIG. I. Asterias polythela Verrill. Type. Dorsal side ; about ^ natural size.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Part of dorsal side ; X 2%. No. 5820.

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LV

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1.2. ARTERIAS POLYTHELA VER. Type

PLATE LVI.

FIGS. 1,2. Leptasterias arctica (Murdoch) (?). Young. Actinal and dorsal

views of specimens from Bering Sea ; X 3- No. 16591, U. S.

Nat. Mus.
FIGS. 3, 30. Pisaster ochraceus, var. nodiferus Verrill. Dorsal and actinal

views; about Y$ natural size (nodosus on plate incorrect).
FIG. 4. P. capitatus (Stimpson) Verrill. Dorsal side of two rays; about

Ys natural size.
FIG. 5. Leptasterias eequalis (Stimpson), var. compacts Verrill. Type.

Dorsal side ; X 2. Yale Mus.

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LVI

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1.2. LEPTASTERIAS ARCTICA (MuR.) YOUNG

3.33. PlSASTKR OCHRACEUS NODOSUS VER.

4. PlSASTER CAPITATUS (Si.)

5. LEPTASTERIAS AEqyALis COMPACTA VER.

57

PLATE LVII.

FIG. i. Parasterias albertensis Verrill. Type. Dorsal side; X
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal side ;

(116)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LVII

,

?*,

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1.2. PARASTERIAS ALBERTENSIS VER. Type

i6

PLATE LVIII.

FIG. I. Leptasterias epichlora, var. plena Verrill. Type. Dorsal view ;

X i/4- Vancouver I.
FIG. 2. Asterias multiclava Verrill. Type. About $$ natural size.

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LVIII

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1. LEPTASTERIAS EPICHLORA PLENA VER. Type

2. A.STERIAS MULTICLAVA VER. Type

5?

PLATE LIX.

FIG. I. Asterias multiclava Verrill. Type. Actinal side; X 2^$. Bering I.

No. 15841, U. S. Nat. Mus.
FIG. 2. Allasterias anomala Verrill. Type. Actinal side; X 3^- Arctic

Alaska (L. iM. Turner, 1874). No. 3821, U. S. Nat. Mus.

(120)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

iff

PLATE LIX

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1. ASTERIAS MULTICLAVA VER. Type

2. ALLASTERIAS ANOMALA VER. Type

n

(*/

PLATE LX.

FIG. I. Pisaster papulosus Verrill. Cotype. Side view of a ray, near base ;

X about 3: Vancouver I.
FIG. 2. Allasterias anomala Verrill. Type. Dorsal view ; X 3$i- St.

Michael's I., Arctic Alaska (L. M. Turner). No. 3821, U. S. Nat.

Mus.

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LX

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1. PlSASTER PAPULOSU5 VfiR.

2. ALLASTERIAS ANOMALA VER. Tvpe

PLATE LXI.
FIG. I. Asterias nanimensis Verrill. Type. Dorsal side; about % natural

size. Vancouver I. Canadian Geol. Survey.
FIG. la. The same specimen. Side view of a ray ; X 2^2.
FIG. ib. The same specimen. Actinal side of a ray ; X 2.

(124)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXI

'

MEHOTYPE CO., BOSTON

I.lb. ASTERIAS MANIMENSIS VER. Tvpe

PLATE LXII.

FIG. I. Evasterias troschelii, var. alveolata Verrill. Type. Side view of a

ray; X \%.
FIG. 2. Orthasterias forreri forcipulata Verrill. Type. Dorsal view of a ray ;

Xi%- Vancouver I.
FIG. 3. The same specimen. Actinal side of a ray; X i%-

(126)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXII

1. EVASTERIAS TROSCHELII ALVEOLATA VER. Type

2.3. ORTHASTERIAS FGRRERI FORCIPULATA VER. Type

'a

PLATE LXIII.

FIG. I. Orthasterias biordinata Verrill. Type. About ^ natural size.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal side; % natural size.

(128)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXIII

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1.2. ORTHASTERIAS BIORDINATA VER. Type

PLATE LXIV.

FIG. i. Orthasterias leptolena Verrill. Type. Actinal side; about ^ natural

size. Canadian Geol. Survey.

FIG. 10. The same specimen. Dorsal side ; % natural size.
FIG. 2. The same. A young specimen. Actinal side ; 9/10 natural size.
FIG. 20. The same specimen. Dorsal side ; 9/10 natural size. One ray is lost.

(130)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXIV

ORTHASTERIAS LEPTOLENA VER. Type

PLATE LXV.

FIG. I. Orthasterias forreri (deLoriol) Verrill. Dorsal side; about 5i nat-
ural size. No. 1823, Mus. Comp. Zoology.

FIG. 2. Orthasterias columbiana Verrill. Young. Dorsal side; about natural
size.

(132)

'A. "E. 'VOL. XIV

'PLATE LXV

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1. ORTHASTERIAS FORRERI (LoR.)

2. O. COLUMBIANA VER. YOUNG

i8

PLATE LXVI.

FIG. i. Orthasterias forreri (Loriol) Verrill. Dorsal view of disk and base

of ray ; P, major pedicellaria ; X 3%- No. 1823.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal side ; X 32/3- No. 1823, Mus. Comp. Zool.

(134)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXV1

HELPOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1.2. ORTHASTERIAS FORRERI (LoR.)

PLATE LXVII.

Orthasterias gonolena Verrill. Dorsal view; X !%• Off San Francisco. Yale
r/^ XUUH~- ~- WS* «fl^*^ 9/t**-***-»- *" ^ • 0

(136)

H. A. E. VOL, XIV

PLATE LXVII

-•ELIOTYPE co., BOSTON

ORTHASTERIAS GONOLENA VER.

•

PLATE LXVIII.

FIG. i. Orthasterias gonolena Verrill. Ventral view of the same specimen as

in pi. LXVII ; X 2j4.
FIG. 2. Orthasterias calif ornica Verrill. Type. Actinal side ;

(138)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

68

PLATE LXVIII

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1. ORTHASTERIAS GONOLENA VER.

2. O. CALIFORNICA VER. Type

PLATE LXIX.

FIG. I. Asterias multiclava Verrill. Type. Portion of the actinal side of a

ray; X about 4%.
FIG. 2. Orthasterias gonolena Verrill. Portion of the actinal side of a ray;

X4-

FIG. 3. Pisaster brevispinus (Stimpson) Verrill. Portion of actinal side of a

ray; X3-
FIG. 4. Asterias victoriana Verrill. Type. Portion of the actinal side of a

ray; X&A-
FIG. 5. Allasterias anomala Verrill. Type. Portion of the actinal side of a

ray; X5*i St. Michael, Alaska (L. M. Turner, 1874).

(140)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXIX

HELIOTYFE CO., BOSTON

1. ASTERIAS MULTICLAVA VER. Type

2. ORTHASTERIAS GONOLENA VER.

3. PlSASTER BREVISPINUS (ST.)

4. ASTERIAS VICTORIANA VER.

5. ALLASTERIAS ANOMALA VER. Tvpe

0

jo

PLATE LXX.

FIG. i. Urasterias linckii (Mtiller and Troschel) Verrill. Portion of the

actinal side of a ray of a North Atlantic specimen ; X 3-
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Portion of the dorsal side of a ray ; X 3-
FIG. 3. The same specimen. Madreporite with surrounding pedicellariae and

spines ; X 3-
FIG. 4. The same specimen. Nephridial pore or so-called " anal pore " and

surrounding pedicellarise ; X 3-
FIG. 5. Orthasterias californica Verrill. Type. Portion of the actinal side

of a ray ; X 4M-
FIG. 6. Parasterias albertensis Verrill. Type. Portion of the actinal side of

a ray ; X 5- British Columbia. Yale Mus.
FIG. 7. Orthasterias forreri (Loriol) Verrill. Type. Portion of the dorsal

side of a ray, showing the very large minor pedicellariae; X 5%-
FIG. 8. Asterias polythela Verrill. Type. Portion of the dorsal side of a

ray; X 4- Arctic America; Steamer Corwin. No. 15820.
FIG. 9. Orthasterias forreri forcipulata Verrill. Type. Portion of the side of

a ray; X2.

(Ha)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

7O

PLATE LXX

HELIOTVPE CO., BOSTO

1-4. URASTERIAS LINCKII (M. & TR.) ATLANTIC

5. ORTHASTERIAS CALIFORNICA VER. Type

6. PARASTERIAS ALBERTENSIS VER. Tvpe

7. ORTHASTERIAS FORRKRI (LoR.)

8. ASTERIAS POLYTHELA VER. Type

9. ORTHASTERIAS FORRERI FORCIPULATA VER.

Tvpe

7/

PLATE LXXI.

FIG. i. Leptasterias arctica (Murdoch) Verrill. Dorsal sidejX*^ No.

1428, Mus. Comp. Zool.
FIG. 2. L. arctica (Murdoch). Dorsal side; X i%- Same number. Both

from Alaska.

d44)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXXI

X/i

1.2. LEPTASTERIAS ARCTICA (MuR.)

2.

72-

PLATE LXXII.

FIG. I. Leptasterias arctica (Murdoch). Actinal side; X 4- Alaska.

No. 1428. Mus. Comp. Zool.
FIG. 2. Asterias polythela Verrill. Type. Actinal side; X 3%- Arctic Alaska,

Steamer Corwin. No. 15820.

(146)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

72.

PLATE LXXII

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1. LEPTASTERIAS ARCTJCA (MuR.)

2. ASTERIAS POLYTHELA VER. Type

PLATE LXXIII.

FIG. I. Pycnopodia helianthoides. Young, with sixteen rays, showing regular
normal mode of interpolation of new rays ; i, odd anterior primary
ray; 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, successive pairs of interpolated rays; a, odd
posterior primary ray; b, b' and c, c' second and third pairs of
primary posterior rays ; X 2.

FIG. 2. Leptasterias inequalis Verrill. Type. Dorsal side; a, ossicles, with
spines removed ; X 2.

(148)

.

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXXIII

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1. PYCNOPODIA HELIANTHOIDES (BR.) YOUNG

2. LEPTASTERIAS iNEqjJALis VER. Type

20

PLATE LXXIV.

FIG. I. Pycnopodia helianthoides. Very young, with nine rays; I, odd
anterior primary ray; 2, 2', first pair of interpolated rays; 3,
small budding ray of second pair; 3', position in which the mate
to No. 3 should appear, but no rudiment of it is visible externally ;
a, odd posterior primary ray; b, b' and c, c', second and third
pairs of posterior primary rays ; X 3^6- From Dutch Harbor,
Alaska.

FIG. 2. The same. A somewhat larger specimen with ten rays, in normal
order; X 3^. Lettering as in fig. i. From Kadiak.

FIG. 3. The same. A somewhat larger, abnormal, oblong young specimen
with eighteen rays, not all in regular order (see page 200) ; m,
madreporic plate of abnormal size ; X 2%. Lettering of rays
as in fig. 2, with the addition of pairs 4 and 5 anteriorly, and
d, d' and e, e' posteriorly. The last two pairs are abnormal;
c is an abnormal budding ray. From Kadiak, Alaska.

FIG. 30. The same specimen. Actinal side ; X 3- Lettering as in fig. 3.

FIG. 4. Stenasterias macropora Verrill. Type. Portion of the actinal side
with the spines removed ; X 3-

FIG. 5. Leptychaster pacificus Fisher. Dorsal view; X about 2.

FIG. 6. Pycnopodia helianthoides (Brandt). Minor pedicellariae ; a, b, c,
side and profile views ; X 165.

(ISO)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

5V

PLATE LXXIV

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1-33. PYCNOPODIA HELIANTHOIDES (Ba.) YOUNG

4. STENASTERIAS MACROPORA VKR.

5. LEPTYCHASTER PACIFICUS FISHER

6. P. HELIANTHOIDES (BR.)

75"

PLATE LXXV.

FIGS. l-lrf. Orthasterias merriami Verrill. Spines and pedicellariae from No.
1181; i, a, b, c, and \c, ordinary dorsal spines; \a, a, b, c,
marginal spines; ic, adambulacral spines; ib, a stout dorsal
with a major pedicellaria attached; id, inf eromarginal ; X
14; No. 1181, Mus. Comp. Zool.

FIGS. 2-2&. Orthasterias dawsoni Verrill. Type. Spines and pedicellariae,
X2o; 2, a, b, large valves of major pedicellariae; 20, dorsal
spines; a, with wreath of minor pedicellariae; b, c, pedicel-
lariae removed; 2b, adambulacral spines; a, b, from inner
row ; c, d, from outer row.

FIGS. 3-3c. Orthasterias koehleri (deLoriol) Verrill. Type. After de
Loriol; 3, part of dorsal side, about natural size; 30, four
dorsal ossicles and spines; 36, portion of actinal side, X
3/^s » 3^> a major pedicellaria; X 16.

» HYATT VERRILL DEL.

I -id. ASTERIAS KATHERINAE GRAY

2-2b. 6. DAWSONI VER. Type

3-3C. O. KOEHLERI (LOR.) Type

HELIOTVPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE LXXVI.

FIGS. i-i&. Pisaster brevispinus (Stimpson). Spines and pedicellariae of
No. 1301, Mus. Comp. Zool., Gulf of Georgia, X8; a, b, c,
dorsal spines ; 10, b, c, pedicelled clusters of adambulacral

-y^Kvito' pedicellariae, from inner edge and within the groove, consist-

ing of both major and minor kinds, of various sizes, attached
to a common pedicel ; ib, tip of a sucker- foot with pedicellariae
attached.

FIGS. 2-2d. Pisaster papulosus Verrill. Type. 2, a, b, c, marginal spines;
20, a-e, clusters of adambulacral or furrow pedicellariae
attached to a common pedicel and containing both sorts ; f, a
minor pedicellaria much enlarged; 2b, a-d, minor pedicellariae
more enlarged; 2c, a-d; and 2d, b-f, dorsal and lateral large
dermal major pedicellariae of several forms ; 2d, a, is an
adambulacral group.

dS4)

*

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXXVI

I-lb. PlSASTER PAPULOSUS VKR. VAR.

2-2d. P. PAPULOSUS VKR. Type

77

PLATE LXXVII.

FIGS. i-id. Orthasterias forreri (Loriol) Verrill. Spines and pedicellariae ;
i, a, dorsal spine with pedicellariae removed, X8; I, b, lower
marginal ; c, upper marginal ; </, outer adambulacral ; e, inner
adambulacral spine ; X 17 5 /, g, h, some of the detached
minor pedicellariae ; 10, two of the minor pedicellariae grasping
a fiber of hemp from the tangles; ib, ic, dermal minor pedi-
cellariae from the dorsal side, X *7 ; irf, o-f, dermal major
pedicellariae from dorsal and lateral areas.

FIG. 2. Orthasterias lefttolena Verrill. Type. Major pedicellariae; a-d,

four varieties from the dorsal and lateral areas ; X ! 7-

FIG. 3. Allasterias forficvlosa Verrill. Minor pedicellariae ; a, with valves

united ; b, c, detached valves ; X 146.

FIG. 30. The same; a, b, c, detached valves of major pedicellariae; X 74-

ds<s>

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

«.TT MERRILL D€t.

-IELIOTVP€ CO.

i-id ORTHASTERIAS (STYLASTKRIAS) FORRKRI (LoR.)

2. O. LBPTOLENA VKR. Type

3-33. ALLASTERIAS ANOMALA VER. Type

21

PLATE LXXVIII.

FIG. i. Orthasterias columbiana Verrill. Cotype. A dorsal spine and minor
pedicellariae from the largest specimen from Victoria ; X 13-
Prov. Mus. British Columbia.

FIG. ic. The same. Type, a-i, large dermal major pedicellariae from the
dorsal and lateral areas; X n.

FIG. ib. The same. Type, a-d, minor pedicellariae ; X 48.

FIG. ic. The same. A pedicelled adambulacral major pedicellaria ; X !?•

FIG. id. The same. Type, a-f, major pedicellariae from the dorsal and lateral
areas ; X 17-

FIG. le. The same. End views of two of the larger major pedicellariae; X 17-

FIG. 2. Allasterias rathbuni nortonensis Verrill. Adambulacral (a) ; per-
actinal (c) ; and inferomarginal (d, d) groups of spines; a', a! ,
inner or furrow-spines on alternate plates ; p, p, papulae and der-
mal pedicellariae ; p', p', adambulacral pedicellariae ; X 6.

FIG. 3. Allasterias anomala Verrill. Type. X 6. Lettering as in fig. 2.

FIG. 4. The same. Major pedicellariae (a) and detached valves (c-e) ;
X74-

(158)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXXVIII

*tili^^^

EUOTYPf CO . BOSTON

i-ie. ORTHASTERIAS COLUMBIANA VTER. Cotype
2. AI.LASTERIAS KATHBUNI NORTONENSIS VER.
3-4. A. ANOMALA VER. Type

PLATE LXXIX.

FIG. i. Asterias polythela Verrill. Type. Detached valves of minor pedicel-

lariae mounted in balsam ; a-d; X 88.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Spines and pedicellariae ; a, b, adambulacral

spines ; c, a marginal spine with pedicellariae removed ; X !<>•
FIG. 20. The same specimen, a-d, larger and smaller dorsal spines ; X 16.
FIG. 3. Orthasterias columbiana Verrill. Largest specimen from Victoria.

Cotype. Spines, with pedicellariae and skin removed; a, b, outer

adambulacrals ; c, inner one ; X 10.
FIG. 30. The same specimen. Spines cleaned of skin and pedicellariae except

d; a, b, dorsals; c, upper marginal; d, dorsal covered with a

sheath bearing pedicellariae near the tip; X 10.
FIG. 3&. The same specimen. Minor pedicellariae mounted in balsam; c, d,

entire ; a, b, e, dislocated valves ; X 88.
FIG. 3c. The same specimen. Dermal major pedicellariae from the dorsal and

lateral areas ; X 16.

(160)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXXIX

<D

A. HYATT VERRILL DEL.

1-23 ASTERIAS POLYTHELA VKK. Type

3-30 ORTHASTERIAS COLUMBIANA VKR.

PLATE LXXX.

FIG. i. Orthasterias forreri (deLoriol) Verrill. Minor pedicellariae,

a, b, c, d, mounted in balsam ; X 25.

FIGS, la, ia'. The same specimen. Two large dorsal dermal major pedicel-
lariae; X 10.

FIG. ib. The same specimen, a-d, four detached valves of minor pedi-

cellariae, mounted in balsam ; X 45-

FIG. ic. The same specimen. A cleaned dorsal spine; X 5-

FIGS, id, le. The same. Dorsal plates; X 5- id, dorso-lateral with a spine;
le, carinal seen from inner side ; c, connective ossicle ; d, d',
facets for articulation of transverse connective ossicles.

FIG. 2. Orthasterias dawsoni Verrill. Type, a-f, disarticulated valves

of minor pedicellariae mounted in balsam; g, one entire;
X83.

FIGS. 3, 30. Orthasterias calif ornica Verrill. Type. Minor pedicellariae
mounted in balsam; 30, a, b, are entire; the rest, c, f, are
disarticulated valves ; X 83.

FIG. 4. Pisaster papulosus Verrill. Type. Major pedicellaria ; X 10.

(162)

K A E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXXX

« 1 b

A. HYATT VERRILL BEl.

HELIOTYPt CO., BOSTON

i-ie. ORTHASTERIAS FORRERI (LoR.)
^. O. DAWSOXI VER. Type
3-33. O. CALIFORNICA VER. Type
-} PJSASTKR PAPULOSIS VER. Type

87

PLATE LXXXI.

FIG. i. Distolasterias chelifera Verrill. Type. Dermal major pedicellariae ;
a, b, c, d, are elongate, strongly unguiculate forms ; e is a stouter
form, and not unguiculate ; X 28. No. 1346, Mus. Comp. Zool.

FIG. ia. The same specimen. One of the dorsal spines bearing a wreath of
minor pedicellariae, P, P; X 8.

FIG. i&. The same specimen. Spines cleaned; a, marginal spine with pedicel-
lariae removed ; b, outer adambulacral ; c, inner adambulacral ;
e, f, adambulacral major pedicellariae; X 28.

FIG. 2. Orthasterias californica Verrill. Type, a, an inferomarginal spine,
cleaned; b, a dorsal spine with a wreath of minor pedicellariae ;
Xi2.

FIG. 20. The same specimen, a, outer ; b, inner adambulacral spine ; X 12.

FIG. 2&. The same specimen. Major pedicellariae; a, b, c, d, e, dorsal; f, g,
adambulacral ; h, i, actinal interradial ; X 12.

FIG. 3. Orthasterias dawsoni Verrill. Type. Dermal major pedicellariae;
a, b, stout dorsal form ; c, d, e, more slender spatulate or platalei-
form sorts from the lateral area ; X 12.

FIG. 30. The same specimen. Spines;- a, b, c, dorsal spines treated with
Javelle water to remove most of the pedicellariae ; X 12.

FIG. 3&. The same specimen. Inferomarginal spines ; a, b, a pair with pedicel-
lariae ; c, d, a smaller pair cleaned with Javelle water ; X 12.

(164)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXXXI

V

A. HYATT VERRILL DEL.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

I-lb. DlSTOLASTKRIAS CHELIFERA VER. Type

2-2b. ORTHASTERIAS CALIFORNICA Vsr. Type
3-3br O. iMwsoNi VER.Tvpe

22

PLATE LXXXII.

FIG. i. Asterias victoriana Verrill. Type, a, b, adambulacral spines with
epispinal clusters, p, p, of pedicellariae of both sorts ; X 18.

FIG. 10. The same specimen. Dorsal spines ; a, one of the larger, and b, one
of the smaller sorts ; P, minor pedicellariae ; X 18.

FIG. ib. The same specimen. An inferomarginal spine and minor pedicel-
lariae; Xi8.

FIG. ic. The same specimen, a, b, two of the major pedicellariae; X 25.

FIG. 2. Orthasterias biordinata Verrill. Type. Group of spines of the actinal
side; a', inner, and a, outer adambulacrals ; b, peractinals; c, d,
inferomarginals ; X 5/^-

FIG. 20. The same specimen, a, dorsal spine ; b, adambulacral spine ; X 12.

FIG. 2&. The same specimen. Dorsal dermal major pedicellarise, front and
profile views ; X 12.

FIG. 3. Orthasterias gonolena Verrill. Spines cleaned with Javelle water;
a, b, outer adambulacrals ; c, marginal ; X 18. No. 1825, Mus.
Comp. Zool.

FIG. 30. The same specimen. A large denticulate dermal major pedicellaria
from the lateral or intermarginal area ; X 18.

FIG. 3&. The same specimen. Major pedicellaria from the outer adambulacral
spines ; X 18.

FIG. 4. The same specimen (No. 1825). Spines; a, one of the dorsal spines
with a basal wreath of minor pedicellarise; b, inferomarginal,
cleaned ; c, d, outer adambulacrals ; e, inner adambulacral ; X 18.

FIG. 40. The same; a, b, c, major pedicellariae ; details; X 18.

(166)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXXXII

l—U

A. HYATT VERRILL DEL.

HELroTYPE CO., BOSTON

J-IC. ASTERIAS VICTORIANA VER. Type

2-2b. ORTHASTERIAS BIORDINATA VER. Type

3-3b., 4., 43. O. GONOLENA VER.

PLATE LXXXIII.

Fia I. Asterias katherina Gray. Spines with pedicellariae ; a, adoral adam-

bulacral; b, inner adambulacral ; c, d, outer adambulacral ; e, f,

peractinals; g, h, inf eromarginals ; X n.
FIG. 2. Leptasterias arctica (Murdoch). Spines and major pedicellariae; a,

adambulacral spine; b, c, adambulacral major pedicellariae; d,

axillary or interradial one ; e, unguiculate marginal one ; X 25-
FIG. 20. The same specimen. Finer spined variety. Portion of the dorsal

surface showing spines, c, d, d'; papulae, a, a; minor pedicellariae,

f> f» papular pores, a'; X "•
FIG. 3. Allasterias forficulosa Verrill. Type. Portion of the dorsal surface,

showing spines, c, d; papulae, a, a; papular pores, a'; dermal

major pedicellariae, e, e; circumspinal minor pedicellariae, f, f;

dermal minor pedicellariae, /' f; X n. Japan. No. 1183. Mus.

Comp. Zool.
FIG. 30. The same specimen. Adambulacral spines, a, b, c, and attached

major pedicellariae, P, P; d, one of the same, detached ; X 16.
FIG. 36. The same specimen, a-e, marginal spines ; X J6.
FIG. 3<r. The same specimen. Major pedicellariae; a, b, c, d, dorsal dermal;

e, marginal ; f, axillary ; X 25.

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE LXXXIII

HELIOTYPE CO.. BOSTON

1. ASTERIAS KATHERINAK GRAY

2-2a. LEPTASTERIAS ARCTJCA (MuR.)

3.30. ALLASTERIAS FORFICULOSA VER. Type

PLATE LXXXIV.

FIG. i. Allasterias forficulosa Verrill. Type. Minor pedicellariae mounted
in balsam ; a, b, c, entire ; d-h, detached valves ; X 88. Japan.
No. 1183, Mus. Comp. Zool.

FIG. 2. Asterias multiclava Verrill. Type. Minor pedicellariae in balsam ; a,
entire ; b-c, separated valves ; X 88.

FIG. 20. The same specimen. Dermal dorsal major pedicellariae; a, b, sepa-
rated valves ; X 88.

FIG. 3. Asterias polythela Verrill. Type. Adambulacral spines and pedicel-
lariae ; X 10.

FIG. 4. The same specimen. Spines with adhering pedicellariae; a, b, c, dor-
sals; d, e, adambulacrals with major pedicellariae; X 16.

FIG. 5. Stenasterias macropora Verrill. Type, a-g, dorsal spines, mostly
from bases of rays ; X 16.

FIG. 50. The same specimen. Adambulacral spines, a-d; X 16.

FIG. s&. The same specimen, a, adoral spine with pedicellariae; c, d, e, mar-
ginal spines, X 16 ; b, oral pedicellariae, X SO.

FIG. sc. The same. Group of ossicles of actinal side; ad, adambulacrals;
i, peractinals ; im, inf eromarginals ; sm, supramarginals ; ' X 10.

FIG. $d. The same. Adoral adambulacral plates (ad), and spine with pedi-
cellariae (/»).

FIG. 5*. The same. Adoral portion of the groove, with large pores of
sucker- feet ; ad, adambulacral plates ; o, oral spines ; X 10.

FIG. 5/. Portion of groove and plates from middle of ray; a, a, ambulacral
plates and large pores; ad, adambulacral plates; *, peractinals;
Xio.

FIG. 5#. The same. Segment of actinal side of a ray deprived of spines ; a, a,
ambulacral plates and large sucker pores (s~) ; a, d, adambulacral
plates ; i, peractinals ; m, inferomarginal ; b, a remaining adambu-
lacral spine ; p, p, adambulacral pedicellariae ; r, r, papular pores ;
Xio.

FIG. 5/t. The same. Dorsal side of ray, with spines removed ; c, c, median or
carinal row of plates; d, d, and d' d', right and left secondary
rows of plates; e, e' , second pair of secondary rows of plates;
m, m', superomarginal rows ; single papular pores lie between the
plates in rows ; X 10.

FIG. 5*. The same. Skeletal ossicles ; a, peractinal plate ; b, superomarginal ;
c, inferomarginal ; d, adambulacral ; e, superomarginal ; X 16.

(170)

H. A. E. VOL. XiV

ev-

PLATE LXXXIV

a b

•)U v//t ACX^fA.

A. HYATT VERRILL DEI.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

i. ALLASTERIAS KORFICUI.OSA VER. Type
2-23.. ASTER i AS MULTICLAVA VER. Type

3- 4. A. POLYTHELA VER. Tvpe

5-51. STENASTERIAS MACROI'ORA \'KK. Type

PLATE LXXXV.

FIG. I. Leptasterias epichlora alaskensis Verrill. Type. Dorsal spines,

a, b, c, of different sorts ; X 28. Dutch Harbor.
FIG. 10. The same specimen; a, inferomarginaT spine ; &, superomarginal;

X2&

FIG. ib. The same specimen; a, b, c, adambulacral spines; d, peractinal;
X28.

FIG. ic. The same specimen; a, b, c, large, erect, intermarginal major pedi-
cellariae ; X 28.

FIG. id. The same specimen; marginal spines and pedicellariae ; a, supero-
marginal spines; b, c, d, e, inferomarginals ; p, p', major
pedicellariae; i, i', minor pedicellariae.

FIGS. 2-20. The same. Young carried by parent, in different stages of growth ;
a, b, younger stages ; p, pedicel for attachment ; a, m, podia or
ambulacral feet ; X 28. In 2, the form is irregular, with few
podia; in 20, the form has become stellate, but with unequal
rays. Later stages are regularly stellate ; 2d is five-rayed ; the
others are six-rayed like the parent.

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

LEPTASTERIAS EPICHLORA AI.ASKENSIS VER. Type,

AND YOUNG OF THE SAME

PLATE LXXXVI.

FIG. I. Bunodaster ritteri Verrill. Type. A group of dorsal parapaxillce
from the base of a ray ; X 10.

FIG. ia. The same specimen. A group of dorsal plates from the base of a ray,
with spines removed ; X IO.

FIG. 2. Dermasterias imbricata (Grube). Young. One of the interactinal
areas deprived of spines; ad, adambulacral plates, o, jaw plates;
im, inf eromarginals ; p, p, first rows ; P', P ' , second rows of inter-
actinal plates ; i, i and 2, 2 and 3, 3, first three pairs of interac-
tinal plates ; u, u, odd or unpaired plates ; X 5-

FIG. 20. The same specimen ; ad, adambulacral plates from near base of ray ;
p, two rows of interactinal plates ; m, inferomarginals ; X 5-

FIG. 2&. The same specimen; o, o, jaw-plates; ad, adoral adambulacrals ; f,
rudimentary plates, perhaps superambulacral ; ib, interbrachial
septum; X 5-

FIG. 2c. The same specimen. Supramarginal plates, from inner side ; i, i and
2, 2, first and second interradial pairs ; X 5-

FIG. 3. Solaster stimpsoni Verrill. Type. One of the adambulacral combs of
spines.

FIG. 4. Ptera&ter tesselatus Ives. A jaw and adoral parts; o, o, apical oral
spines; o', o', lateral oral spines; e, e, hyaline epioral spines;
I, 2, 3, first three pairs of adambulacral combs ; X 5-

FIG. 40. The same specimen. Portion from near middle of radial area; am,
ambulacral groove; a-d, four combs of adambulacral spines;
m, m, actinomarginal spines ; /, latero-ventral surface ; X 5-

FIG 4&. The same specimen. Part of an interbrachial area, rendered trans-
lucent by varnish ; a, a, a, spinules of parapaxillae as seen through
the translucent skin; m, actinomarginal spines; ad, adambu-
lacrals ; X 5-

FIG. 40. The same. One of the hyaline epioral spines; X 10.

FIG. 5. Henricia sanguinolenta var. rudis Verrill. A group of dorsal pseudo-
paxillae from the base of a ray ; X 16. Point Franklin. Nch 7623.

FIG. 50. The same specimen, a-d, adambulacral spines ; X 16.

FIG. 6. Henricia tumida borealis Verrill. Type. A group of dorsal ossicles,
mostly with spinules removed from the base of a ray ; X 10.

FIG. 60. The same specimen. Group of dorsal pseudopaxillae, with spinules
and papular pores ; X 10. Alaska, Harriman Expedition.

d74)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

ft

PLATE LXXXV!

A. HYATT VERRILL DEL.

HEIIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1-13. BUNODASTER RITTERI VER. Type

2-2C. DERMASTERIAS IMBRICATA (GRUBE)

3. SOLASTER STIMPSONI VER. Type

4-40. PTERASTER TESSELATUS IVES

5-53. HENRICIA SANGUINOLENTA, VAR RUDIS VER.

6-6a. H. TUMIDA BOREALIS VER. Type

PLATE LXXXVIL

FIG. I. Henricia tumida Verrill. Type. Portion of dorsal surface;

Xio.

FIG. 10. The same specimen. Group of spines of actinal side; a', a',

adambulacrals ; b, b', peractinals ; c, c', inf eromarginals ; X 10.

FIG. 2. Henricia leviuscula spiculifera (Clark). Group of pseudopaxillae

from the side of the base of a ray ; X 10. Bering Sea.

FIG. 20. The same specimen. Group of dorsal ossicles with spines re-

moved ; X 10.

FIG. 2&. The same specimen. Portion of actinal side; a, a', adambulacral

plates and spines; a", furrow-spine; b, b, peractinal pseudo-
paxillae ; c, c, inf eromarginals ; d, d, superomarginals ; X 10.

FIG. 3. Henricia arctica Verrill. Type. Cape Lisburne. Portion of

actinal side with spines partly removed; a, a, adambulacral
plates; b, b, peractinals; c, c, inferomarginals ; d, d, supero-
marginals ; e, e, intermarginals ; X 5-

FIG. 30. The same specimen, a, a, two adambulacral plates and spines;

a', furrow-spine; b, peractinal.

FIG. 3&. The same specimen. Group of dorsal pseudopaxillae ; X 5-

FIG. 3c. The same specimen. Group of ossicles from base of ray ; X 5-

FIG. 4 Solaster endeca (Linn.) Forbes. Typical from Atlantic; a,b,c,

dorsal pseudopaxillae from base of ray; d, superomarginaf;
Xio.

FIGS 40, 4&. The same specimen. Inferomarginal plates; 40, adoral side;
4&, aboral side ; X 10.

FIG. 5. Solaster galaxides Verrill. Type. Portion of actinal side; a, a,

adambulacral spines, actinal group; a', furrow-spines;
b, b, b', peractinals ; c, c, inferomarginals.

FIG. $a. The same specimen. Group of dorsal pseudopaxillae and papular

pores from the base of a ray ; X 10.

FIG. s&. The same specimen; a, adoral, and b, aboral sides of infero-

marginal plates ; c, superomarginal plate ; X 10.

FIG. 5C. Solaster galaxides Verrill. Cotype. a, actinal group of adambu-

lacral spines ; a', furrow-spines ; b, peractinals. No. 1897,
Mus. Comp. Zool.

FIG. 6. Solaster dawsoni var. arctica Verrill. Type. Dorsal pseudo-

paxillae, a, b, c, from base of ray ; X 16.

FIG. 60. The same specimen ; inf eromarginal plate ; X 16. From Point

Franklin.

(176)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

87

PLATE LXXXVH

A. HYATT VERRILL DEL.

HEUOTYPE CO.. BOSTON

i-ia. HENRICIA TUMIDA VER. Type

2-2b. H. LEVIUSCUI.A SPICULIFERA (CLARK)

3-30. H. ARCTIC A VER. Type

4~4b. SOLASTBR EN13ECA (L.)

5-50. S. GALAXIDES VER. Type

6-6a. S. DAWSONI ARCTICUS VER. Type

88

PLATE LXXXVIII.

FIG. I. Henricia leviuscula var. inequalis Verrill. Type. Portion of the
actinal side of a ray; a, a, enlarged adambulacral spines; a', a',
longer adambulacral spines on inner angle of plate; b, inter-
actinals ; c, second row of interactinal pseudopaxillae ; d, infero-
marginal plates and spines; X 10. No. 5183, Yale Mus.

FIG. IOL The same specimen. Group of dorsal pseudopaxillae and papulae from
base of a ray; X 10.

FIG. 2. Henricia leviuscula var. lunula Verrill. Type. Group of dorsal
ossicles from the base of a ray, cleaned ; X 5- British Columbia.
Yale Mus.

FIG. 20. The same specimen. Plates of the actinal side of the middle of a
ray, cleaned ; a, a, adambulacrals ; b, b, peractinals ; c, c, inf ero-
marginals; d, d, superomarginals ; e, e, latero-dorsals ; f, two
adambulacral spines ; X 5-

FIG. zc. The same specimen. Plates of actinal side, more enlarged (X 10).
Lettering as in fig. 20.

FGI. 2C. The same specimen ; a, adambulacral spines ; a', enlarged inner spine ;
a", furrow-spine ; b, peractinal spines ; X 10.

FIG. 3. Henricia sanguinolenta (Miiller). Typical form from New England.
A jaw and adjacent parts; o, o, o' , apical or peroral spines;
o", o", lateral adoral spines; a', a", adambulacral spines of first
and second free plates ; d, d, exsert papulae ; X 5- Eastport, Me.
(coll., A. E. Verrill). Yale Mus., No. 5009.

FIG. 30. The same specimen. Spines from the actinal side near the base of a
ray; a, a, adambulacral plates; a', a", adambulacral spines; a'",
furrow spine ; b, b', interactinal spines ; d, d, papulae ; X 5-

FIG. 4. Henricia sanguinolenta miliaris Verrill. Type. From a New Eng-
land specimen. A portion of the actinal surface of the middle of
a ray; X 10. Lettering as in fig. 30, with addition of c, c, the
inferomarginal plates.

FIG. 40. The same specimen. Group of dorsal pseudopaxillae from near base
of a ray; X 10. Eastport, Me. (coll., A. E. Verrill). Yale Mus.

FIG. 5. Henricia tutnida borealis Verrill. Type. Portion of plates and spines
from the actinal side near the base of a ray ; X 10. Lettering as
in figs. 30 and 4. Dutch Harbor, Alaska, Harriman Expedition.
Yale Mus.

FIG. 50. The same specimen, a, a, ambulacral spines ; a', a', larger spines on
edge of groove ; b, b, peractinal spines ; X 10.

FIG. 5&. The same specimen. Adoral adambulacral plates and spines ; X 10.
Lettering as in fig. 50.

FIG. 6. Orthasterias forreri forcipulata Verrill. Type. Larger dorsal,
dermal, major pedicellariae of three sorts; a, b, stout, erect
denticulate form ; c, spatulate or plataleif orm sort ; d, lanceolate
form ; X 43-

FIG, 60. The same specimen. Minor pedicellariae of different sizes, a-f; X 43-

FIG. 7. Pycnopodia helianthoides (Brandt). Spines; a, b, c, dorsals with
wreaths of minor pedicellariae; d, the same, cleaned of the pedi-
cellariae; /, an adambulacral spine with a pedicellaria (P)
attached to its base by a pedicel on the edge of the furrow ; g, an
adoral spine, cleaned ; X 10.

FIG. 70. The same specimen. A group (b, b) of adambulacral overlapping
plates; a, a, adambulacral spines; p, p, major pedicellariae on
slender pedicels ; X 10.

FIG. 7&. The same specimen, a, b, c, three forms of small lanceolate major
pedicellariae ; X 84.

FIG. jc. The same specimen, a, b, c, three of the minor pedicellariae ; X 84.

FIG. jd. The same specimen. One of the jaws with apical or peroral spines
and pedicellariae ; X 10.

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H. A. E. VOL. XIV

cfT

PLATE LXXXVIII

\y

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

r-i-ia. HEMRICIA LKVIUSCULA, VAR.

2-2C. H. LEVIUSCULA, VAR. LUNULA VER. TjpC

3-33. H. SANGUINOI.ENTA (MuLL.) Typical
4~4a. H. SANGUINOI-ENTA MiLiARis VER. Type

5-5b. H. TUMIDA BOREALIS VER. Type

6-6a. ORTHASTERIAS FORRERI FORCIPUI.ATA VER. Type
7-7d, PYCNO PODIA HELIANTHOIDHS (BR.)

PLATE LXXXIX.

FIG. I. Solaster endeca (Linn.) Forbes. Typical. Actinal side of a large
New England specimen; 4/9 natural size. Eastport, Me. Yale
Mus.

FIG. 2. Solaster galoxides Verrill. Type. $4 natural size. Vancouver Is.

(180)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

ff

PLATE LXXXIX

•

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

I . SOLASTKR KNDECA (L.) ATLANTIC
2. S. GALAXIDES VER. Type

PLATE XC

Fia I. Solaster dawsoni Verrill. Form with different rays; about natural

size. Vancouver I., Surv. Canada.
FIG. 2. Solaster constellates Verrill. Type. About 54 natural size.

OS*)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XC

1. SOLASTKR DAWSON1 VER.

2. SOLASTER CONSTELLATUS VS.R. Tvpe

PLATE XCI.

FIG. I. Solaster dawsoni Verrill. Form with fifteen rays. Actinal side ; about

natural size.
FIG. 2. Solaster dawsoni Verrill. Cotype. Actinal side; about J4 natural

size. Powell Is. Geol. Surv. Canada.

(184)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XCI

HEUOTVPE CO. , BOSTON

1.2. SOLASTER DAWSONI VER.

n

PLATE XQI.

FIG. I. Solaster dawsoni Verrill. Cotype. Same specimen as pi. xc, fig. 2.
Actinal side ; X 2^. Powell Is.

(186)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XCII

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

SOLASTER DAWSONI VER. Cotjpe

f'3

PLATE XCIII.

FIG. I. Solaster constellatus Verrill. Type. Actinal side; X 5%. Puget
Sound. Mus. Univ. of Wash.

(188)

-

H. A. E. VOL. XlV

PLATE XCIII

HELIOTVF-E CO., BOSTON

SOLASTEK roNSTKM-ATt'S \?KR. Tvpe

PLATE XQV.

FIG. i. Solaster constellates Verrill. Type. Dorsal side ; X 3-
FIG. 2. Solaster stimpsoni Verrill. Type. Dorsal side ; X 4-

(190)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

fv

PLATE XCIV

•ij»-i -»** • »•« >• .T. j. • fi '

HELIOTYFE CO., BOSTON

1. SOLASTKR CONSTELLATUS VER. Type

2. SOLASTER STIMPSONI VER. Type

PLATE XCV.

FIG. i. Solaster stimpsoni Verrill. Type. Dorsal side; X i&- No. 5407,
Yale Mus.

(192)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XCV

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

SOLASTER STIMPSONI VER. Tvpe

PLATE XCVI.

FIGS, i, 2. Pteraster hebes Verrill. Type. Profile and dorsal views; i,
X about 1^6 ; 2, X 2. Departure Bay. Geol. Surv. Canada.

d94)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XCVI

XIJ

HELIOTVHE CO., BOSTON

1.2. PTERASTER HEUES VER. Tvpe

PLATE XCVII.

FIG. I. Pteroster tesselatus Ives. Actinal side of an alcoholic specimen

from Alaska ; about $4 natural size. Yale Mus.
FIG. 2. Dermasterias imbricata (Grube), var. valvifera Verrill. Type.

Dorsal side, showing abundant pedicellariae ; X !/4- Yale

Mus.
FIGS. 20, 2b. The same specimen. Portions of disk ; X 5- 2a, shows many

three-valved pedicellariae and some four-valved; fig. zb,

shows also the madreporite.

(196)

H. A. E. VOL, XIV

i. PTERASTKR TESSELATUS IVES

2-2b. DEKMASTERIAS IMBRICATA VALVULIFERA VER. Type

PLATE XCVIII.

FIG. i. Hippasteria spinosa Verrill. Type. Dorsal side; ft natural size.

Puget Sound. Univ. of Wash.
FIG. 2. Amphiaster insignis Verrill. Type. Dorsal side; X i%- La Paz,

Lower Calif. Yale Mus.

(198)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XCVIII

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1. HIPPASTERIA SPINOSA VEK. Type

2. AMPHIASTER INSIGNIS VKR. Tvne

PLATE XCIX.

Fi& i. Tosiaster arcticus Verrill. Dorsal side ; X W*-

FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal side; X iH- Bering Is. U. S. Nat. Mus.

(200)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE XCIX

•' . •

,

V,.'-; : *viv

^<\. '• . V %x

HEUOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1.2. TOSIASTER ARCTICUS VER. Type

PLATE C.

FIG. i. Astropecten calif ornicus Fisher; % natural size. San Francisco.
FIG. 2. Luidia foliolata (Grube). Dorsal side; ^ natural size. San Fran-
cisco.
FIG. 20. The same. Portion of a ray; X4$£.

(202)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE C

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

I. ASTKOPKCTKN CALIFORNICUS FlSHER

2.2a. LUIDIA FOLIOLATA GRUBE

/

PLATE CI.

FIG. I. Astro pec ten calif ornicus Fisher. Dorsal side ; X 3- San Francisco.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal side ;

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE Cl

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

ASTROPECTEN CALIFORNICUS FlSHER

PLATE CII.

FIG. I. Astropecten calif ornicus Fisher. Young. Dorsal side; X«J4. Off

San Francisco. Yale Mus.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Actinal side ; X 2}£.

(206)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE Cll

HELIOTYFE CO., BOSTON

1.2. ASTROPECTEN CALIFORNICUS FlSHER (YOUNG)

PLATE CIII.

FIG. i. Luidia clathrata (Say). Dorsal side of ray; X%%- Bermuda.
FIG. 2. Luidia foliolata (Grube). Dorsal side; X 2j^. San Francisco.
Yale Mus.

(208)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE CHI

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1. LUIDIA CLATHRATA SAY.

2. LUIDIA FOLIOLATA GRUBE

PLATE CIV.

FIG. I. Bunodaster ritteri Verrill. Type. Actinal side; X $/$• Off San

Francisco. Yale Mus.
FIG. 2. The same specimen. Dorsal side with spines removed on base of one

ray; X3*i

(210)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

HELIOTVPE CO., BOSTON

BUNODASTER RITTERI VER. Type

'/•OS

PLATE CV.

FIGS, i, 10. Bunodaster ritteri Verrill. Type. Portions of the dorsal and

actinal surface ; X 5- San Francisco.
Fie. 2. Luidia folio I at a (Grube). Same specimen as pi. c, fig. 2. Actinal

side ; X 2. Off San Francisco.

(an)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

--

HELIOTVPE CO., BOSTON

1.18. BUNOUASTER RITTERI VER.
2. Ll'lDlA FOI.1OLATA GRUBE

.

PLATE CVI.

FIGS, i, 2. Evasterias troschelii (Stimpson) Verrill. Young. Dorsal and

actinal sides; X 1/4- Sitka. Yale Mus.
FIG. 3. Asterias acervata Stimpson. A strongly acervate young specimen ;

X IJ4. Nazan, Alaska (Dall). U. S. Nat. Mus.

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE CVI

HEUOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1.2. EVASTERIAS TROSCHEHI (ST.) YOUNG

3- ASTERIAS ACERVATA (ST.) YOUNG, VAR.

PLATE CVIL

FIG. i. Mithrodia bradleyi Verrill. Type. Dorsal side; $4 natural size.

Yale Mus.
FIG. 2. Echinaster tenuispinus Verrill. Type. Dorsal side; Y$ natural size.

La Paz. Yale Mus.
FIG. 3. Henricia leviuscula spiculifera Clark. Actinal side; X*7A- Bering

Island. U. S. Nat. Mus.

(316)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1 . MlTHRODIA BRADLEYI VER. Type

2. ECHINASTER TENUISPINUS VER. Type

3. HENRICIA LEVIUSCULA SPICULIFERA (CLARK)

PLATE CVIII.

FIG. i. Patiria miniata (Brandt). A seven-rayed specimen. Dorsal side;

about y$ natural size. Departure Bay, Canada Geol. Survey.
FIG. 2. The same. A six-rayed specimen. Dorsal side; about 9/10 natural

size. Departure Bay, Canada Geol. Survey.

(218)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

PLATE CVIII

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

1.2. PATIRIA MINIATA VER Varieties

/of

PLATE CIX.

FIG. I. Orthasterias tanneri Verrill. Cotype. Actinal side of disk, to

show jaws and peroral spines ; X 2^.

FIG. ia. The same specimen. Dorsal side of disk, showing spines and

pedicellariae ; X 2.

FIG. i&. The same specimen. Section of a ray, showing inner surface

of skeleton; cut through ambulacral plates and flattened
out ; a, a, ambulacral plates ; ad, ad, adambulacral plates ;
b, b, peractinal plates; m, m, inferomarginals ; m', m',
superomarginals ; d, d, dorso-lateral plates and transverse
connective ossicles; s, s, adambulacral spines; c, c, median
radial or carinal plates ; X 2^.

FIG. 2. O. columbiana Verrill. Type. Transverse section of a ray;

a, a, ambulacral plates; ad, ad, adambulacrals ; b, b, per-
actinals; m, m, inferomarginals; m', m', superomarginals;
d, d, dorso-lateral plates and transverse ossicles ; c, carinals ;

X2.

FIGS. 20, 2&. The same specimen. Two parts of a transverse section of a
ray, split through the ambulacral plates and flattened out,
to show inner surface. Lettering as in fig. ib, except that
d, d; d* d'; d", d" show the three rows of dorso-lateral
plates ; X 2.

FIG. 3. Patiria miniata (Brandt). Central part of disk and madreporic

plate, with spinules removed ; X 2.

_ FIG. 4. Enoplopatiria siderea Verrill. Type. Dorsal view of middle

of a ray with spinules removed ; X 2.

(MO)

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

So?

PLATE CIX

I

-lE'.IOTYPE CO., BOSTON

i-ib. ORTHASTERIAS TANNERI VER. Cotype
2-2b. O. COLUMBIANA VER. Type

3. PATIRIA MINIATA (BR.)

4. ENOPLOPATIRIA SIDEREA VER. Type

PLATE CX.
FIGS, i, a. Distolasterias chelifera Verrill. Type. Ventral and dorsal views;

H. A. E. VOL. XIV

s/o

PLATE CX

HEIIOTYPE CO.,. BOSTON

1-2. DlSTOLASTERIAS CHELIFERA VER. TjpC

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