resaunae—tynem meragn owt aaeer ee es or rck enema a nen enrrenen ewan ee pe I OE ree are = ye eh! 4 i i $4 \ . re Wars vy , eo 3 os i ’ 4 4 1 .§ oy 4 re ‘ f he Hy te ; ‘. q ro air x ng : " * ‘ ae if PY ] AS + Caren bean Series title. Author title, Title for subject entry. LIBRARY CATALOGUE SLIPS. United States. Department of the interior. (U.S. geological survey.) Department of the interior | — | Monographs | of the | United States geological survey | Volume XXVI | [Sealof the depart- ment] | Washington | government printing office | 1895 Second title: United States geological survey | Charles D. Walcott, director | — | The | flora of the Amboy clays | by | John Strong Newberry | a posthumous work | edited by Arthur Holltck | [Vignette] | Washington | government printing office | 1895 4°, 260 pp. 58 pl. Newberry (John Strong). United States geological survey | Charles D. Walcott, di- rector | — | The | flora of the Amboy clays | by | John Strong Newberry | a posthumous work | edited by Arthur Hollick | [Vignette] | Washington | government printing office | 1895 4°. 260 pp. 58 pl. (Unirep Srates. Department of the interior. (U. 8S. geological survey.) Monograph XXVI.]j United States geological survey | Charles D. Walcott, di- rector | — | The | flora of the Amboy clays | by | John Strong Newberry | a posthumous work | edited by Arthur Hollick | [Vignette] | Washington | government printing office | 1895 4°. 260 pp. 58 pl. (Unirep Sraves. Department of the interior. (U. 8S. geological survey.) Monograph XXVI.]} LOenTy, AY Thi MUSAUM SAMOA) uf \ ‘tt o tury es ADVERTISEMENT. (Monograph XXVI. ] The statute approved March 3, 1879, establishing the United States Geological Survey, contains the following provisions: “The publications of the Geological Survey shall consist of the annual report of operations, geo- logical and economic maps illustrating the resources and classification of the lands, and reports upon gemeral and economic geology and paleontology. The annual report of operations of the Geological Survey shall accompany the annnal report of the Secretary of the Interior. All special memoirs and reports of said Survey shall be issued in uniform quarto series if deemed necessary by the Director, but otherwise in ordinary octavos. Three thousand copies of each shall be published for scientific exchanges and for sale at the price of publication; and all literary and cartographic materials received in exchange shall be the property of the United States and form a part of the library of the organization: And the money resulting from the sale of such publications shall be covered into the Treasury of the United States.” Except in those cases in which an extra number of any special memoir or report has been sup- plied to the Survey by special resolution of Congress or has been ordered by the Secretary of the Interior, this office has no copies for gratuitous distribution. ANNUAL REPORTS. I. First Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, by Clarence King. 1880. 8°. 79 pp. 1map.—A preliminary report describing plan of organization and publications. II. Second Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1880—81, by J. W. Powell, 1882. 8°. lv, 588 pp. 62 pl. 1 map. Iil. Third Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1881-82, by J. W. Powell. 1883. 8°. xviil,564 pp. 67 pl. and maps. IV. Fourth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 188283, by J. W. Powell. 1884. 8°. xxxii,473 pp. 85 pl. and maps. V. Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, by J. W. Powell. 1885. 8°. xxxvi,469 pp. 58 pl.and maps. VI. Sixth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1884~85, by J. W. Powell. 1885. 8°. xxix, 570 pp. 65 pl. and maps. VII. Seventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1885~86, by J. W. Powell. 1888. 8°. xx,656 pp. 71 pl. and maps. VIL. Eighth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1886~87, by J. W. Powell. 1889. 8°. 2v. xix,474,xii pp. 53 pl.and maps; 1 p.1l. 475-1063 pp. 54-76 pl. and maps. IX. Ninth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 188788, by J. W. Powell. 1889. 8°. xili,717pp. 88 pl. and maps. X. Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 188889, by J. W. Powell. 1890. 8°. 2v. xv,774 pp. 98 pl. and maps; viii, 123 pp. XI. Eleventh Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1889—90, by J. W. Powell. 1891. 8°. 2v. xv, 757 pp. 66 pl. and maps; ix,351 pp. 30 pl. and maps. XI. Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, by J. W. Powell. 1891. 8°. 2y. xili,675 pp. 53 pl.and maps; xviii,576 pp. 146 pl. and maps. _ XUI. Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, by J. W. Powell. 1893. 8°. 3 v. vii, 240 pp. 2maps; x, 372 pp. 105 pl. and maps; xi, 486 pp. 77 pl. and maps. XIV. Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892~'93, by J. W. Powell. 1893. 8°. 2y. vi, 321 pp. 1 pl.; xx,597 pp. 74 pl. and maps. XV. Fifteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1893-94, by J. W. Powell. 1895. 8°. xiv,755 pp. 48 pl. and maps. ‘ I II ADVERTISEMENT. MONOGRAPHS. I. Lake Bonneville, by Grove Karl Gilbert. 1890, 4°. xx,4388 pp. 5lpl. 1map. Price $1.50. Il. Tertiary History of the Grand Canon District, with atlas, by Clarence E. Dutton, Capt., U.S. A. 1882. 4°. xiv, 264 pp. 42 pl. and atlas of 24 sheets folio. Price $10.00. III. Geology of the Comstock Lode and the Washoe District, with atlas, by George I. Becker. 1882. 4°. xv,422 pp. 7 pl. and atlas of 21 sheets folio. Price $11.00. IV. Comstock Mining and Miners, by Eliot Lord. 1883. 4°. xiv, 451 pp. 3 pl. Price $1.50. V. The Copper-Bearing Rocks of Lake Superior, by Roland Duer Irving. 1883. 4°. xvi, 464 pp. 14]. 29 pl. and maps. Price $1.85. VI. Contributions to the Knowledge of the Older Mesozoic Flora of Virginia, by William Morris Fontaine. 1883. 4°. xi, 144 pp. 541. 54 pl. Price $1.05. VII. Silver-Lead Deposits of Eureka, Nevada, by Joseph Story Curtis. 1884. 4°. xiii, 200 pp. 16 pl. Price $1.20: : VIII. Paleontology of the Eureka District, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 1884. 4°. xiii, 298 pp. 241. 24 pl. Price $1.10. IX. Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey, by Robert P. Whitfield. 1885. 4°. xx,338 pp. 35 pl. Imap. Price $1.15. X. Dinocerata. A Monograph of an Extinet Order of Gigantic Mammals, by Othniel Charles Marsh. 1886. 4°. xviii, 243 pp. 561. 56 pl. Price $2.70. XI. Geological History of Lake Lahontan, a Quaternary Lake of Northwestern Neyada, by Israel Cook Russell. 1885. 4°. xiv, 288 pp. 46 pl. and maps. Price $1.75. XII. Geology and Mining Industry of Leadville, Colorado, with atlas, by Samuel Franklin Em- mons. 1886. 4°. xxix, 770 pp. 45 pl. and atlas of 35 sheets folio. Price $8. 40. XIII. Geology of the Quicksilver Deposits of the Pacitie Slope, with atlas, by George FP. Becker. 1888. 4°, xix, 486 pp. 7 pl. and atlas of 14 sheets folio. Price $2.00. XIV. Fossil Fishes Onl Fossil Plants of the Triassic Rocks of New Jersey and the Connecient Valley, by John 8S. Newberry. 1888. 4°. xiv, 152 pp. 26 pl. Price $1.00. XY. The Potomac or Younger Mesozoic Flora, by William Morris Fontaine, 1889, 4°, xiv, 377 pp. 180 pl. Text and plates bound separately. Price $2.50. XVI. The Paleozoic Fishes of North America, by John Strong Newberry. 1889. 4°. 340 pp. 53 pl. Price $1.00. XVI. The Flora of the Dakota Group, a posthumous work, by Leo Lesquereux. Edited by F. H. Knowlton, 1891, 4°. 400 pp. 66 pl. Price $1.10. XVII. Gasteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey, by Robert P. Whitfield. 1891. 4°. 402 pp. 50pl. Price $1.00. XIX. The Penokee Ivon-Bearing Series of Northern Wisconsin and Michigan, by Roland D. Irving and GC. R. Van Ilise. 1892. 4°. xix,534 pp. Price $1.70. XX. Geology of the Eureka District, Nevada, with an atlas, by Arnold Hague. 1892, 4°. xvii, 419 pp. 8pl. Price $5.25. XXI. The Tertiary Rhynechophorous Coleoptera of the United States, by Samuel Hubbard Seud- der. 1893. 4°, xi, 206pp. 12 pl. Price 90 cents. XXII. A Manual of Topographic Methods, by Henry Gannett, chief topographer. 1893, 4°, tv, 300 pp. 18 pl. Price $1.00. XXIII. Geology of the Green Mountains in Massachusetts, by Raphael Pumpelly, T. Nelson Dale, and J. E. Wolff. 1894. 4°. xiv, 206pp. 23 pl. Price $1.30. XXIV. Mollusea and Crustacea of the Miocene Formations of New Jersey, by Robert Parr Whit- field. 1894. 4°. 193 pp. 24 pl. Price 90 ceats. XXV. The Glacial Lake Agassiz, by Warren Upham. 1895. 4°. xxiv, 658 pp. 38 pl. Price $1.70. XXVI. Flora of the Amboy Clays, by John Strong Newberry; a posthumous work, edited by Arthur Hollick. 1895. 4°. 260 pp. S58 pl. Price $1.00. In preparation: —The Geology of Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden counties, Massachusetts, by Benjamin Kendall Emerson. —The Glacial Gravels of Maine and their associated deposits, by George H. Stone. —Geology of the Denver Basin, Colorado, by S. F. Emmons, Whitman Cross, and Geo, H. Eldridge. —Sauropoda, by O. C. Marsh. —Stegosauria, by O. C, Marsh. —Brontotheridie , by O. C. Marsh. —Report on Silve r Cliff and Ten-Mile Mining Districts, Colorado, by 8. I’. Emmons, BULLETINS. of 1. On Hypersthene-Andesite and on Triclinie Pyroxene in Augitic Rocks, by Whitman Cross, with a Geological Sketch of Buffalo Peaks, Colorado, by 8. F. Emmons, 1883, 8°. 42 pp. 2 pl. Price 10 cents. 2. Gold and Silver Conversion Tables, giving the coining values of troy ounces of fine metal, ete., computed by Albert Williams, jr. 1883. 8 . 8pp. Price 5 cents. 3. On the Fossil Faunas of the Upper Devonian, along the meridian of 76° 30’, from Tompkins County, N. Y., to Bradford County, Pa., by Henry S. Williams. 1884. 8°. 386 pp. Price 5 cents. : On Mesozoic Possils, by Charles A. White. 1884. 8°. 386 pp. 9 pl. Price 5 cents. . A Dictionary of Altitudes in the United States, compiled by Henry Gannett. 1884, 8°. 325 pp- Py rice 20 cents, ADVERTISEMENT. Ill 6. Elevations in the Dominion of Canada, by J. W.Spencer. 1884. 8°. 43 pp. Price 5 cents. 7. Mapoteca Geologica Americana. A Catalogue of Geological Maps of America (North and South), 1752-1881, in geographic and chronologic order, by Jules Marcou and John Belknap Marcon. 1884, 8°. 184 pp. Price 10 cents. 8. On Secondary Enlargements of Mineral Fragments in Certain Rocks, by R. D. Irving and C. R. Van Hise. 1884. 8°. 56 pp. 6pl. Price 10 cents. 9, A report of work done in the Washington Laboratory during the fiscal year 1883-84. F.W. Clarke, chiet chemist; T. M. Chatard, assistant chemist. 1884. 8°. 40 pp. Price 5 cents. 10. On the Cambrian Faunas of North America. Preliminary studies, by Charles Doolittle Wal- cott. 1884. 8°. 74pp. 10pl. Price 5 cents. 11. On the Quaternary and Recent Mollusca of the Great Basin; with Description of New Forms, by R. Elsworth Call. Introduced by a sketch of the Quaternary Lakes of the Great Basin, by G.K. Gilbert. 1884. 8°. 66pp. 6pl. Price 5 cents. 12. A Crystallographic Study of the Thinolite of Lake Lahontan, by Edward 8. Dana. 1884. 8°, 34 pp. 3pl. Price 5 cents. 13. Boundaries of the United States and of the several States and Territories, with a Historical Sketch of the Territorial Changes, by Henry Gannett. 1885. 8°. 135 pp. Price 10 cents. 14. The Electrical and Magnetie Properties of the Iron-Carburets, by Carl Barus and Vincent Strouhal. 1885. 8°. 238 pp. Price 15 cents. 15. On the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Paleontology of California, by Charles A. White, 1885. 8°, 33 pp. Price 5 cents. 16. On the Higher Devonian Faunas of Ontario County, New York, by John M. Clarke. 1885. 8°. 86 pp. 3pl. Price 5 cents. 17. On the Development of Crystallization in the Igneous Rocks of Washoe, Nevada, with Notes on the Geology of the District, by Arnold Hague and Joseph P. Iddings. 1885. 8°. 44 pp. Priced cents. 18. On Marine Eocene, Fresh-water Miocene, and other Fossil Mollusea of Western North America, by Charles A. White. 1885. 8°. 26 pp. 3pl. Price 5 cents. 19. Notes on the Stratigraphy of California, by George F. Becker. 1885. 8°. 28pp. Price5 cents. 20. Contributions to the Mineralogy of the Rocky Mountains, by Whitman Cross and W. F. Hille- brand. 1885. 8°. 114 pp. 1pl. Price 10 cents. 21. The Lignites of the Great Sioux Reservation; a report on the Region between the Grand and Moreau Rivers, Dakota, by Bailey Willis. 1885. 8°. 16 pp. 5 pl. Price 5 cents. 22. On New Cretaceous Vossils from California, by Charles A. White. 1885. 8°. 25 pp. pl. Price 5 cents. 23. Observations on the Junction between the Eastern Sandstone and the Keweenaw Series on Keweenaw Point, Lake Superior, by R. D. Irving and T, C. Chamberlin. 1885. 8°. 124 pp. 17 pl. Price 15 cents. 24. List of Marine Mollusea, comprising the Quaternary fossils and recent forms from American Localities between Cape Hatteras and Cape Roque, including the Bermudas, by William Healey Dall. 1885. 8°. 336 pp. Price 25 cents. 25. The Present Technical Condition of the Steel Industry of the United States, by Phineas Barnes. 1885. 8°. 85 pp. Price 10 cents. 26. Copper Smelting, by Henry M. Howe. 1885. 8°. 107 pp. Price 10 cents. 27. Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 188485. 1886. 8°. 80 pp. Price 10 cents. 28. The Gabbros and Associated Hornblende Rocks occurring in the Neighborhood of Baltimore, Md., by George Huntington Williams. 1886. 8°. 7&8 pp. 4 pl. Price 10 cents. 29, On the Fresh-water Invertebrates of the North American Jurassic, by Charles A. White. 1886. 8°. dl pp. 4pl. Price 5 cents. 30. Second Contribution to the Studies on the Cambrian Faunas of North America, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 1886. 8°. 369 pp. 33pl. Price 25 cents. 31, Systematic Review of our Present Knowledge of Fossil Insects, including Myriapods and Arachnids, by Samuel Hubbard Seudder. 1886. 8°, 128 pp. Price 15 cents. 32. Lists and Analyses of the Mineral Springs of the United States; a Preliminary Study, by Albert C. Peale. 1886. 8°. 235 pp. Price 20 cents. 33. Notes on the Geology of Northern California, by J.S. Diller. 1886. 8°. 23 pp. Price 5 cents. 34. On the Relation of the Laramie Molluscan Fauna to that of the succeeding Fresh-water Eocene and other groups, by Charles A. White. 1886. 8°. 54 pp. 5 pl. Price 10 cents. 35. Physical Properties of the Iron-Carburets, by Carl Barus and Vincent Strouhal, 1886. 8°. 62 pp. Price 10 cents. 36. Subsidence of Fine Solid Particlesin Liquids, by Carl Barus. 1886, 8°. 58 pp. Price 10cents. 37. Types of the Laramie Flora, by Lester F. Ward. 1887. 8°. 354pp. 57 pl. Price 25 cents. 38. Peridotite of Elliott County, Kentucky, by J.S. Diller. 1887. 8°. 31 pp. 1pl. Price5cents. 39. The Upper Beaches and Deltas of the Glacial Lake Agassiz, by Warren Upham. 1887. 8°. 84 pp. Lpl. Price 10 cents. 40. Changes in River Courses in Washington Territory due to Glaciation, by Bailey Willis. 1887. 8°. 10pp. 4 pl. Price 5 cents. 41. On the Fossil Faunas of the Upper Devonian—the Genesee Section, New York, by Henry 8. Williams. 1887. 8°. 121pp. 4 pl. Price 15 cents. 42. Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physies, mainly during the fiseal year 1885~86, F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1887. 8°. 152pp. Ipl. Price 15 cents. IV ADVERTISEMENT. 43. Tertiary and Cretaceous Strata of the Tuscaloosa, Tombigbee, and Alabama Rivers, by Eugene A. Smith and Lawrence C. Johnson. 1887. 8°. 189 pp. 21 pl. Price 15 cents. 44, Bibliography of North American Geology for 1886, by Nelson H. Darton. 1887. 8°. 35 pp. Price 5 cents. 45. The Present Condition of Knowledge of the Geology of Texas, by Robert T. Hill. 1887. 8°. 94 pp. Price 10 cents. 46. Nature and Origin of Deposits of Phosphate of Lime, by R.A. F. Penrose, jr., with an Intro- duction by N.S. Shaler. 1888. 8°. 143 pp. Price 15 cents. 47. Analyses of Waters of the Yellowstone National Park, with an Account of the Methods of Analysis employed, by Frank Austin Gooch and James Edward Whitfield. 1888. 8°. 84 pp. Price 10 cents. 48. On the Form and Position of the Sea Level, by Robert Simpson Woodward. 1888. 8°. 88 pp. Price 10 cents. 49. Latitudes and Longitudes of Certain Points in Missouri, Kansas, and New Mexico, by Robert Simpson Woodward. 1889. 8°. 133 pp. Price 15 cents. 50. Formulas and Tables to Facilitate the Construction and Use of Maps, by Robert Simpson Woodward. 1889. 8°. 124pp. Price 15 cents. 51. On Invertebrate Fossils from the Pacific Coast, by Charles Abiathar White. 1889. 8°. 102 pp. l4pl. Price 15 cents. 52. Subaérial Decay of Rocks and Origin of the Red Color of Certain Formations, by Israel Cook Russell. 1889. 8°. 65 pp. 5pl. Price 10 cents. 53. The Geology of Nantucket, by Nathaniel Southgate Shaler. 1889. 8°. 50 pp. 10 pl. Price 10 cents. 54. On the Thermo-Electric Measurement of High Temperatures, by Carl Barus. 1889. 8°. 313 pp.,inel.l pl. 11 pl. Price 25 cents. 55. Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 188687. Frank Wigglesworth Clarke, chief chemist. 1889. 8°. 96 pp. Price 10 cents. 56. Fossil Wood and Lignite of the Potomac Formation, by Frank Hall Knowlton. 1889. . 8°. 72 pp. Tpl. Price 10 cents. 57. A Geological Reconnoissance in Southwestern Kansas, by Robert Hay. 1890. 8°. 49 pp. 2pl. Price 5 cents. 58. The Glacial Boundary in Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, and Illinois, by George Frederick Wright, with av introduction by Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin. 1890. 8°. 112 pp.,inel.l pl. 8 pl. Price 15 cents. 59. The Gabbros and Associated Rocks in Delaware, by Frederick D. Chester. 1890. 8°. 45 pp. lpl. Price 10 cents. 60. Report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 188788. F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1890. 8°. 174 pp. Price 15 cents. 61. Contributions to the Mineralogy of the Pacific Coast, by William Harlow Melville and Wal- demar Lindgren. 1890. 8°. 40 pp. 3pl. Price 5 cents. 62, The Greenstone Schist Areas of the Menominee and Marquette Regions of Michigan, a con- tribution to the subject of dynamic metamorphism in eruptive rocks, by George Huntington Williams, with an introduction by Roland Duer Irving. 1890. “8°. 241 pp. 16 pl. Price 30 cents. 63. A Bibliography of Palcozoic Crustacea from 1698 to 1889, including a list of North Amer- ican species and a systematic arrangement of genera, by Anthony W. Vogdes. 1890. 8°. 177 pp. Price 15 cents. 64. A report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiseal year 188889. F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1890. 8°. 60 pp. Price 10 cents. 65. Stratigraphy of the Bituminous Coal Field of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia, by Israel C. White. 1891. 8°. 212 pp. 11 pl. Price 20 cents. 66. On a Group of Voleanic Rocks from the Tewan Mountains, New Mexico, and on the oecur- rence of Primary Quartz in certain Basalts, by Joseph Paxson Iddings. 1890. 8°. 34 pp. Price 5 cents. 67. The Relations of the Traps of the Newark System in the New Jersey Region, by Nelson Horatio Darton. 1890. 8°. 82 pp. Price 10 cents. 68. Earthquakes in California in 1889, by James Edward Keeler. 1890. 8°. 25 pp. Price 5 cents. 69. A Classed and Annotated Biography of Fossil Insects, by Samuel Howard Seudder. 1890. 8°. 101 pp. Price 15 cents. 70. A report on Astronomical Work of 1889 and 1890, by Robert Simpson Woodward. 1890. 8°. 79 pp. Price 10 cents. 71. Index to the Known Fossil Inseets of the World, including Myriapods and Arachnids, by Samuel Hubbard Seudder. 1891. 8°. 744 pp. Price 50 cents. 72. Altitudes between Lake Superior and the Rocky Mountains, by Warren Upham. 1891. 8°. 229 pp. Price 20 cents. 73. The Viscosity of Solids, by Carl Barus. 1891. 8°. xii, 139 pp. 6 pl. Price 15 cents. 74. The Minerals of North Carolina, by Frederick Augustus Genth. 1891. 8°. 119 pp. Price 15 cents. 75. Record of North American Geology for 1887 to 1889, inclusive, by Nelson Horatio Darton. 1891. 8°. 173 pp. Price 15 cents. 76. A Dictionary of Altitudes in the United States (second edition), compiled by Henry Gannett, chief topographer. 1891. 8°. 393 pp. Price 25 cents. ADVERTISEMENT. \f 77. The Texan Permian and its Mesozoic types of Fossils, by Charles A. White. 1891. 8°. 51 pp. 4pl. Price 10 cents. ; 78. A report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiseal year 1889-90. F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1891. 8°. 131 pp. Price 15 cents. 79. A Late Voleanie Eruption in Northern California ‘and its peculiar lava, by J. S. Diller. 80. Correlation papers—Deyonian and Carboniferous, by Henry Shaler Williams. 1891. 8°. 279 pp. Price 20 cents. 81. Correlation papers—Cambrian, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 1891. 8°. 547 pp. 3 pl. Price 25 cents. 82. Correlation papers—Cretaceous, by Charles A. White. 1891. 8°. 273 pp. 3pl. Price 20 cents. 83. Correlation papers—Eocene, by William Bullock Clark. 1891. 8°. 173 pp. 2pl. Price 15 cents. 84. Correlation papers—Neocene, by W. H. Dall and G. D. Harris. 1892. 8°. 349 pp. 3 pl. Price 25 cents. 85. Correlation papers—The Newark System, by Israel Cook Russell. 1892. 8°. 344 pp. 13 pl. Price 25 cents. 86. Correlation papers—Archean and Algonkian, by C.R. Van Hise. 1892. 8°. S549 pp. 12 pl. Price 25 ceuts. 90. A report of work done in the Division of Chemistry and Physics, mainly during the fiscal year 1890-91. _F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1892. 8°. 77 pp. Price 10 cents. 91. Record of North American Geology for 1890, by Nelson Horatio Darton. 1891. 8°. 8&8 pp. Price 10 cents. 92. The Compressibility of Liquids, by Carl Barus. 1892. 8°. 96 pp. 29 pl. Price 10 cents. 93. Some Insects of special interest from Florissant, Colorado, and other points in the Tertiaries of Colorado and Utah, by Samuel Hubbard Seudder. 1892. 8°. 35 pp. 3 pl. Price 5 cents. 94. The Mechanism of Solid Viscosity, by Carl Barus. 1892. 8°. 138 pp. Price 15 cents. 95. Earthquakes in California in 1890 and 1891, by Edward Singleton Holden. 1892. 8°. 31 pp. Price 5 cents. 96. The Volume Thermodynamics of Liquids, by Carl Barus. 1892. 8°. 100pp. Price 10 cents. 97. The Mesozoic Echinodermata of the United States, by W. B. Clark. 1893. 8°. 207 pp. 50pl. Price 20 cents. 98. Flora of the Outlying Carboniferous Basins of Southwestern Missouri, by David White. 1893. 8°. 139 pp. opl. Price 15 cents. 99. Record of North American Geology for 1891, by Nelson Horatio Darton, 1892. 8°. 73 pp. Price 10 cents. 100. Bibliography and Index of the Publications of the U. 8. Geological Survey, 1879-1892, by Philip Creveling Warman. 1893. 8°. 495 pp. Price 25 cents. 101. Insect Fauna of the Rhode Island Coal Fiéld, by Samuel Hubbard Scudder. 1893. 8°. 27pp. 2pl. Price 5 cents. 102. A Catalogue and Bibliography of North American Mesozoic Invertebrata, by Cornelius Breckinridge Boyle. 1892. 8°. 315 pp. Price 25 cents. 103. High Temperature Work in Igneous Fusion and Ebullition, chiefly in relation to pressure, by Carl Barus. 1893. 8°. 57 pp. 9pl. Price 10 cents. 104. Glaciation of the Yellowstone Valley north of the Park, by Walter Harvey Weed. 1893. 8°. 41 pp. 4pl. Price 5 cents. 105. The Laramie and the overlying Livingstone Formation in Montana, by Walter Harvey Weed, with Report on Flora, by Frank Hall Knowlton. 1893. 8° 68 pp. 6pl. Price 10 cents. 106. The Colorado Formation and its Invertebrate Fauna, by T. W. Stanton. 1893. 8°, 288 pp. 45 pl. Price 20 cents. 9g 107. The Trap Dikes of Lake Champlain Valley and the Eastern Adirondacks, by James Furman Kemp. 108. A Geological Reconnoissance in Central Washington, by Israel Cook Russell. 1893. 8°. 108 pp. 12 pl. Price 15 cents. 109. The Eruptive and Sedimentary Rocks on Pigeon Point, Minnesota, and their contact phe- nomena, by William Shirley Bayley. 1893. 8°. 121 pp. 16 pl. Price 15 cents. 110. The Paleozoic Section in the vicinity of Three Forks, Montana, by Albert Charles Peale. 1893. 8°. 56pp. 6 pl Price 10 cents. 111. Geology of the Big Stone Gap Coal Fields of Virginia and Kentucky, by Marius R. Camp- bell. 1893. 8°, 106pp. 6pl. Price 15 cents. 112, Earthquakes in California in 1892, by Charles D. Perrine. 1893. 8°. 57 pp. Price 10 cents. 113. A report of work done in the Division of Chemistry during the fiscal years 1891-’92 and 1892~"93. EF. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1893. 8°. 115 pp. Price 15 cents. 114. Earthquakes in California in 1893, by Charles D. Perrine. 1894. 8°. 23 pp. Price 5 cents. : 115. A Geographic Dictionary of Rhode Island, by Henry Gannett. 1894. 8°. 3lpp. Price 5 cents. ‘ U6; A Geographic Dictionary of Massachusetts, by Henry Gannett. 1894. 8°. 126 pp. Price 5 cents. 117. A Geographic Dictionary of Connecticut, by Henry Gannett. 1894. 8°, 67 pp. Price 10 cents. ; 118. A Geographic Dictionary of New Jersey, by Henry Gannett. 1894, 8°. 131 pp. Price 15 cents. VI ADVERTISEMENT. 119. A Geological Reconnoissance in Northwest Wyoming, by George Homans Eldridge. 1894. 8°. 72 pp. Price 10 cents. 120. The Deyonian System of Eastern Pennyslvania and New York, by Charles 8. Prosser. 1894. 8°. 81pp. 2pl. Price 10 cents. 121. A Bibliography of North American Paleontology, by Charles Rollin Keyes. 1894. 8°. 251 pp. Price 20 cents. 3 122. Results of Primary Triangulation, by Henry Gannett. 1894. 8°. 412 pp. 17 pl. Price 25 cents. 123. A Dictionary of Geographic Positions, by Henry Gannett. 1895. 8°. 183 pp. 1pl. 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Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, Paleontology, Petrology, and Miner- alogy for 1892 and 1893, by Fred Boughton Weeks. 132. The Disseminated Lead Ores of Southeastern Missouri, by Arthur Winslow. 133. Contributions to the Cretaceous Paleontology of the Pacific Coast: The Fauna of the Knoxville beds, by T, W. Stanton. : 134. The Cambrian Rocks of Pennsylvania, by Charles Doolittle Walcott. 135. Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, Paleontology, Petrology, and Miner- alogy for the year 1894, by Fred Boughton Weeks. 136. Volcanic Rocks of South Mountain, Pennsylvania, by Florence Bascom. In preparation: — The Moraines of the Missouri Cotean and their attendant deposits, by James Edward Todd. — Geology of the Fort Riley Military Reservation, Kansas, by Robert Hay. — Geology of the Castle Mountain Mining District, Montana, by W. H. Weed and L. V. Pirsson. — The Potomac Formation in Virginia, by W. M. Fontaine. STATISTICAL PAPERS. 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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MONOGRAPHS UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WeO NET UG VIEWS XexXSV I WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1895 UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES Db. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR sl Cpes ed a PLOnA Or THE AMBOY., CLAYS BY JOE NS Sir OuNiGa NE) We) be RY A POSTHUMOUS WORK EDITED BY ARTHUR HOLLICK WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1895 Letter of transmitta Editor's preface --.- Introduction . --.. -- esa Nal Ne TSe. ll She SGognco hot cob ce eSeD Sa A SPO MARR DO CORRE EE Bre ORES ese eee ar on cecesn Ceorrapiiealcistm Diutronno teuhe Mong. nemo ses ater nis sie tretoe ess) ste Sees nase Sare oaey at WESC tLonvO hes pecles were. sce cee tote wae Se een ee sae oe coseeisenae veekise soso Lecedents Cryptogamia. -- Uh allo hiya see eee sc cs MRE Ao pian ye ae pee Seco oe Ree Be eee Seek ewig es (CULT nn 50 seme oO g ACEP EE. GSO SOF GE RR CSE bS Sa iien etre oo Rese rec Bers Par apes IS Ta O EUV Cea tee tare apie eta eet pe om eee tatty eta nS, ONS cen ere cre ote Soe oe ema aye Hepatice oats ta qboo o Shiet + pe SSeS pisses sp sesd Ss -esensbess corse sss Sees Ssce LERIC OD yuan epee pret eee Narn oan Seon e Beene ale aa o a ote eh ET Cn eee eens eee et oe lenin eee ae ero wee ehh eek he ey hw Phanerogamia.- - (iv nNOS POLI eee eee see beta ee a sae eimai ane ott eas SOE eek eae ce eee Bee Oy CaN aCe Bemrene re cette eter ian een ey ae een ne, ap ane en Conilense eee cr aay oe eee ee ane cei = aoe ae a Wao ns ae te ak eee Angiosperm: Be MDrcotyilen OnGret saeco ec ae sees Se eee stews Same teas Se atis ese oles ce we conte hale cs Jugland CWE ne snes eoea asda Soso54 ssoecse soo eden sects s5ds cos ces Sooo ase sas Sens IMiyTICHCe Sy as seer ae) aamnies aa ian sowie ame ae sae a pees aa) eee lecetee acoeee RS BUT CACC ee ce ae aerate recs eee te er St ae A Ne ao chats cisiociek ee So ek ewe’ LODE le eeine pee HBS Gc SOO Be Se ECE Ce Bat Be See Re eee ee ae ieee eae AUT ACR Baers aes tes tae ee ears ae ee a ote ee Eee aes ade clam eeci e oes Ma OLA CG sie sere eee tee Oe amie sae eae ao ee ee eran eee peace ate Menispermace:e Lauraceie Rosacex Leguminos: Aquifoliacee Celastra: Vitacee Tiliacewe (GS Sos0. 55020 amr DESIRES DOB OMOO CRUSE DOMES 6S SIE ASA SE Soe eee meen 36 6 CONTENTS. Description of species—continued. Phanerogamia—continned. Angiospermie— Dicotyledone: continued. e—continued, Passifloracems~ uss seen cae ce ences ecte cnpe wloeleeh onmletalnl elnie ele ale ale melee ie lntw a iiene ates Myrtacee yO): hee Ene oe eae eee eEpemeBC onan crccks occ onmacaroocossastecetn sa5ac8 Cornacex WITUCA CORRS Soc es os.cmlo oe oe wie Semi (mime era om le le a eee My rSin ace saree ee sae BP eee eae a atesebnd Se 2 nSne Sans cine ae egS Sapotacem ..--..-.-.---- ------ 2 8 an we ne ere wn ewe ne serene === Ebenacex Asclepiad ACOB . - dae Se oe Sada nae Ons COSA AAS ESE aeOco maser en oOSei shoo attcorcnascescacmh ate.soc Sacer Pets tk AD TONS. Pr. I. Figs.1,4. Chondrites flexuosus Newb. n. sp.-.-..-..--.----..---------------- ------ Figs. 2, 3,5. Hausmannia rigida Newb. n. sp.---.-..---..----.-----------------+---- Figs:6,7. Asplenium Dicksonianum Heer-----------.-----. ------------------------ II. Figs. 1-8. Asplenium Dicksonianum Heer-.-.-...----.-------.---------------------- TOD, IMySs 32h AGNES Rineeuih NGM ine EI Necosecis soe = boo aS aesese Sees Hoosen soe ees cess Fig. 3. Asplenjum Dicksonianum Heer-------- ---.:-----2.----+.--5-5- +--+ ------ Fig. 4. Phegopteris Grothiana Heer? .-----------_----.---------- 2-2 ee ibis Sy, Cieneene, “Apo WG 5-55 .sseSee ses aege secs seca dcesces Sede ad osessoee Bile tOseGdlerc Hem) aymlCrOM GL ayeEL GOL) t yatta rye aa feta aaa etal lg alma =a Lye Riese Asploniam~Hoersterl eb. Aoshi ts = ea. nm em wel enim = Fig. 12. Gleichenia Giesekiana Heer? .----------------------- 22-2 ---2 2-32 2252 = 22% V. Figs. 1-7. Cunninghamites elegans (Corda) Endl.....--..-..-...----.-------------- VI. Figs. 1-13. Sequoia heterophylla Vel..--.. .--.-.--.----------.----. -----. ---------- VII. Figs. 1-7. Brachyphyllum crassum Lesq---..------------------+-------- ------------- Vill. Figs.1-5. Widdrinetonites Reichiy (Btt.) Heer.----.------- -2-- =... 22 3-2 - =. TX, Pig.i. Sequoia eracillima (esq) Newb---:-----< --- 2-2-3225. ee -- Figs. 2,3. Immature cones of same.----- ----..------------------ ------------.-.---- Figs.4, 4a. Cones of Sequoia sp.? ---.----.--=--------------------.2--------------- Pigs,5, 6. eaves of a three-leaved Pinus?-----------------. - 22-2222. Figs. 7,8. Macerated cones of Pinus?...---.-------- ---.-+---+-------- = 222 ---------- Fig. 9. Geinitzia formosa Heer? ..-..-.---...-----------------. -------------------- Fig. 10. Branch and cone of a conifer------..-.---------------------.----. ---------- Figs. 11-13. Ophioglossum granulatum Heer. -..--.-..---..------------------------- Figs. 14-16. Czekanowskia capillaris Newb. n. sp--.-------------------------------- Hips. 17,18; Seeds of Pinus? --- ~~ 2 oe nn rn nw nn Fig. 19. Sequoia Reichenbachi (Gein.) Heer?-..-...--------.----------------------- X. Figs. 1, 1a. Thuya cretacea (Heer) IN Givy Die ee eee er ee cei sae ere meat tieeehacas Figs. 2-4. Widdringtonites subtilis Heer.....-...-.--.----------------------------- Fig. 5. Thuyites Meriani Heer........---.-----.-------------++-----------++--- +++ Fig. 6. Baiera incurvata Heer? ........----.-----------------+++ +--+ -+------------- Fig.7. Juniperus macilenta Heer...-..-----------------------------+-----------+-+ Fig. 8. Dammara borealis Heer......--..---.------------------------+----+ +--+ ---- Fig. 9. Dammara microlepis Heer (introduced for comparison) .....----------------- Fig. 10. Eucalyptus Geinitzi Heer (introduced for comparison) .----------.--------- XI. XII. Page. 142 142 142 144 146 146 146 146 146 148 148 150 152 154 156 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 158 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 162 164 164 164 5 ILLUSTRATIONS. Pl. XIII. Figs. 1-4. Podozamites angustifolius (Hichw.) Schimp................-..-..---..--- Pigs.o,.6. Podozamitesmarpinatus Heer? s22- 2 -eeea- ese eeeeeeieeeeee ae cere eee Hig, Podozamites| acuminatne Hollick mis pese= 22 == eee eee nee eee eee Bigs, 8-187 Celastrus ‘arctica Weer=-.5----26 see eee eee eee renee eee ee seer XLV. Hip.) PronusPacutivolia Newb: Di. Spice cseeee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee eee Migs; 2-7) Salix: Newberry.an a Eollickon (spss. ese eisa eee ee eee Figs 8-17. Celastrophyllum angustifolium Newb. n. sp..-.-------------- SSeS OHO n ae MV. Bigs/1)25 Magnolia Lacoeana Lesq -<2-2-.-22--se nee =e eee ee eee eee Higs.3,4. Populus? apiculate, New bi i..Spss2a== ses see seater Bipods Aliephyllum! dublamyNewb: 0.8 passes] see ee eee ee eee MVP Ries 15456: Salix iiequalis Newb.n. spesceoss-e eee. eee eee ee eee Vios, 2,3, 5. Eucalyptus? attenuata Newb. no spe -.- -2-2-. a=ee el eeee ee alee eee erie Rigs.w—-9.. Lanrophy lium) minusiNewb. 0 Spsse. sr ssser eases neste ease eee Bigs; 10) > Laurus plutonia.Eleers: = sense sae ee eeala = eee eee ee eee XVII. Figs. 1,12. Lanurophyllum lanceolatum Newb. n. sp.----.----------- --2-----<-----=- laa aie pub cone ee D NN Ca stl) Siesee Somes coScOoeLoein sacs sooo keno bead cose ss Hire. 8,9. Lroteoides:daphnogenvides Meenas ss ease eee aa aee see eee eee eae Figs. 10,11. Laurophyllum angustifolium Newb. n. sp.--..-------------------------- KOVAL Hoss oe, lex?/elongartal Ne wil ones 1 eee te eat eee tee ee Big. Dextiovata Newb: Sp =- ===. ee eee eles ae eee ee eee eee Wigs.3;4. Salix protewfolia esq). -:2q,- ca sases cones eetees vece one eee ee eae XIX: Fics: 1,9: Hederaiprimordialis Sap.----5-------2 --oeee eee ee eee eee eee ee eee Kies: 275. Wiriodendropsis:simplexsNe wi besser a terse ester te ee eet Bigs: 40. Colutea primordialis Heer. = -2 2 -5-c2- sas nee eee a ae eee eee Bio.6) Myrica,parvula, Heer. <- =. 6. 55..)e5 cee eee ee eee eee eae eee Biow?. Quercas Johnstrupi Heer? 222 ose qeee aes see ae eee eee Fig. 8. Celastrophyllum grandifolium Newb. n.sp-------------------- ----s-------=- Ric. JO Cornophylimm)vetus tum Newb sds pet iene eae XxX Pio” Bauhinia? gigantea Newb: nispeecse-s-aee seca mesa eee eee A saseetes Big..2. Juglansiarctica Heer? ... 2: 2.226 oes. - a oe se neleee ee nese ee ees Rig... Picus' Woolsoni Newb. m.speso-e es s-e ne see oe see eete ereee XXI. Figs. 1-4. Celastrophyllum grandifolinm Newb. n. sp-.--..--------------------------- XXII. Figs. 1-3. Myrsine elongata Newb. n.sp-.-.---.----- siasiasadess Salsas se Gee ees Figs. 4-7. Dewalquea trifoliata Newb. n. sps.---- --2--- -2 2-2 owe oe eee ee eee io 8., Avalia ‘formosa. Beer? ...,. oo 2.65.0: cnteee oc ee e eee ee eee ee eee Wigs. 9-14. Myrica cinnamomifolia Newb. n-sp--.- 2-202 22 se- cone cee ee ese ee ee MMI Pies: 1-6. Hicus Woolsoni Newb:n-sp-- ss o---osce eee eae eee eee IC oe EP Roe hee MING Md ebitbls) Semes ecooee cage toocconsceedcuecesaaeeca osoc ces Bigs;.S:.9) Palinrus ovalis!Dn\ 225. soc cesses ae see see ele ee ee XKOEV. Mos is. dicusiovata New bt neSp esas acy care cee a terete eect atte Bios. 4-6. Myrsine borealis: Ween: 222.222 oa2 ease nee eeie a eee ieee ee ete Rics7,8. ebyllitesiorbicularis\New bin Spes5s-s-e) nee eee eee eee Fig. 9. Phyllites ellipticus Newb. n.sp.--.-.----- wk a ee AR Se rae erator Rigs 10h Phyllites) midulaims Newb: Des pee se cesses e tesa eee eet eee eee XE... Pies. 1-10: Sassafras actitilobum besqes 22 oases eee ee ee eee eee eee eet REVI. Fie. Aralia Wellinetoniana: Tiesq------ <2 225. se - ae serie ee ee ee Rigs 2-6, Sassafras acutilobumples qh aq eee oe aoe teste eee ete MXVIT. Pigs 1-3. Sassiiras progenitor Newb. nispec: i... 2s eee eee Figs. 4-6. § ras hastatum Newib.n.i8p- 2 ose =< ss eee lee eee etter XXVIII. Figs. 1;2. Sassafras hastatum Newb. n.8p)---- oe 2- ens se eee ae = eee eee lee Riess, Avalia patens Newb. 0.8) ..-.2---- eco nc oen eee eee eee eee eee ees Hig. 4- Aralia gronlandica, Heersdoce snc cane ee eee eee ae Bic. 5, Aralia rotundiloba Newb. muspi---.-- seo one see eee see eee eter XXIX. Figs. 1-8, 10. Cinnamomum intermedium Newb. n. sp.----.------- ---------..--------- Figs. 9,11. Menispermites Wardianus Hollick n. sp.--...---- 5-25 52-8 2 ennene one Kip. 12, Salix membranacea Newb\....---<---2- son pecs = ictal ae ee ae eee 170 oe tes ites Mite! td ts | Ferwonwnwnw eo BSS ee Bee eee oor or a a Se) wm oO Pl. XXX. XXXI. XXXII. XXXII. XXXIV. XXKV. XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVI. XXXIX, XLI. XLII. ILLUSTRATIONS. Figs. 1-5. Diospyros primieva Heer......-------------++++---+--22 22222 erect Figs. 1-7. Andromeda Parlatorii Heer ....-.--.----..----+ +--+ +++ ----+2 2-0-0700 577> Figs. 1,6,7. Eucalyptus? angustifolia Newb, n.sp-------------------+--++-+--------- Figs. 2,12, 15, 16. Eucalyptus Geinitzi Heer.-...---------------------++- +2227 -7---- Figs. 3,4,5,8. Eucalyptus? nervosa Newb. n.sp.--.------------------+--+ 22502000: Figs. 9,10, Eucalyptus? parvifolia Newibsnaspracajeeos-= <= s-j2--2 is = =e = Figs. 11, 13, 14. Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer..-..-------------------- “Gpacsoss+ Fig. 17. Fig. 18. Figs. 1, Figs. 1 INCOUENN OS) sae seb oee eso ese Ficus myricoides Hollick n. sp- 9.4,5. Andromeda Parlatorii Heer...--------. .--------- ---------+-+-+-+-+---- Fig. 3. Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer..---..------- --------------+--2 2225577777 Figs. 6-10. Andromeda latifolia Newb. n.sp-------------- +--+ ---- +--+ +222 5s c0t0 007 —. Andromeda flexuosa Newb.n Si\Necse sce saoesans Sees Henn eco aeseeamBosre: Figs. 6-11. Andromeda latifolia Newb. n.sp.---.--------------+-+------------7-+ 077° Figs. 1-9. Palieanthus (Williamsonia) problematicus Newb. n.sp------------------- Figs. 1-8. Williamsonia Smockii Newb. n. sp-------. -------- ------------- +--+ ++---- Fig. 9. Aralia rotundiioba Newb. n. sp- Fig. 10, Andromeda latifolia Newb. n. sp---.---------- --+--+---++ +--+ --0-2 2 err tree Fig. 11. Magnolia woodbridgensis Hollick n.sp.-------------------------+--------- Figs. 1-7. Hedera primordialis Sap..---- Fig. 8. Hedera obliqua Newb. n. sp-- Figs. 1-3. Celastrophyllum raaniacnn oan. HEE Mace 25/5555 essG5o-co se scoe case eae Fig. 4. Protophyllum obovatum Newb. n.sp------------------++-+++--25- 2005s Fig. 5. Hedera obliqua Newb. n. sp---- - Figs. 1-5. Aralia polymorpha Newb. n. sp.-----.------------ +--+ +--+ +++ +22 rcre rete Figs. 6, . Figs. 1 7. Aral'a palmata Newb. n.sp-- ,2. Aralia quinquepartita Lesq- - Vig. 3. Aralia palmata Newb. n. sp----- Fig. 4. Sassafras hastatum Newb. n.sp Fig. 1. Viburnum integrifolium Newb. n. sp---------- --------------+-+---+---------- Figs. 2 Figs. 4 , 3,12. Dewalquea grénlandica Heer? ..-.-----. -----------------------++---- 3D. Acerates Sp? ..2-.- -----6 - = - = = emer sein ee = wre ne ene eens Figs. 6,7. Chondrophyllum reticulatum Hollick n. sp-----.------------------------- Figs. 8,9. Ficus myricoides Hollick n. sp--.-- .-------------------+ +--+ +--+ ---+------ Figs. 10, 11. Myrica emarginata Heer? - Fig. 13. Magnolia auriculata Newb. n. sp.----. ----------------+++-+-+-+-2 +72 000-7- Fig. 14. Hymeniea dakotana Lesq------ Fig. 15. Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer-.-...-..-------------------+---+-+-------- Figs. 14. Planera Knowltoniana Hollick n. sp----.------.----------------+--------- Fig. 5. Reyes Pleo ane Holliokentspeeesee tensor ceees ease ee eee ee wal inian rigtioe 12 2, 28 31. Andromeda novie-cxesaree Hollick n.sp .--------.---------------- Fig. 13. Celastrophyllum cretaceum Lesq---.-.---------------- ---------+---- +++ Fig. 14. Persoonia spatulata Hollick n.sp-.----..----------------------+-+--++ +--+: Fig. 15. Myrsine oblongata Hollick n.sp.----.----.-----------------------+---++---- Fig. 16. Persoonia Lesquereuxii Knowlton--...------------------------------------ Figs. 17-19. Dalbergia apiculata Newb. n.sp.------.----------------------+---------- Figs. 20-23. Cissites crispus Vel.? .....---------------------------+--+-+ 272-27 ------ Figs. 24,25. Myginda integrifolia Lam. ? (introduced for comparison).--------------- Figs. 26,27. Chondrophyllum obovatum Newb. n. sp----------------------++-------- Fig 32. Fig. 33. Fig. 34. Fig. 35. Fig. 36. Myrica fenestrata Newb. n. sp-- Phyllites obseura Hollick n.sp Myrica raritanensis Hollick n.sp-----.-----.------------------------+----- Myriea acuta Hollick n. sp. .--- Rhamnites minor Hollick n.sp tb Nw wb Nw wp bo IO Ww Lia 10 Pl. XLII. XLII. XLIV. XLV. XLVI. XLVII. XLVI. XLIX. L. LI. LI. LIII. LIV. LY. LVI. LVII. VIII: ILLUSTRATIONS. Figs. 37, 38, 46,47. Celastrophyllum Brittonianum Hollick n.sp..-.....--.--...----- Fig. 39. Leguminosites omphalobioides Lesq------.-------- ----.-------.---...--.. Pigs40: Meruminosites atenensis: Heer. = 2252. i= penta yet ale eee Figs. 41, 42. Celastrophyllum robustum Newb. n. sp---.--- --------------------------- Figs, 43-45. Celastrophyllum spatulatum Newb. n. sp--.-..-.-.--.---.-------------- Fig. 48. Leguminosites coronilloides Heer. --2-------- <9 = 10-2 ee ene een Bios. 497505 Cresal puna Cookkiana ELolieks 103s pete star ete oreo tla Figs. 51,52. Celastropyllum minus Hollick n.sp----.-.--.-----.----..---------..-. Rossen Barbra ere tac es NG Wile 2 oleate ee eee Pigs,J=3) Bauhimiarcretaces New. --- 2 =< =) =a meee Fies.1—4. Pontainea prandifolia Newh.n.sp-------2-- 2-5-2 225-52 eee ee == Fig. 5. Haliserites Reichii Sternb. (introduced for comparison) ..----..-.-+:--------- Figs. 1-4, Cycadinocarpus cirenlaris Newb. n.sp.----------.---. --22---------------- HUIS SAC OL AIM Cry TIS ON ING NIN) XU) SY tele ee ee ae ee ee Figs) 9-13. Dricarpellites striatus) Newbon ssp s-c--- =--o eee eerie =e = ere cee Wigs. 14,14a. Carpolithus hirsutus)/Newb.n.sp.----- ---- 2 2 n= a ee Figs. 15, 16. Carpolithus oveformis Newb: n.sp-----<2---2 2-2 - <2 2222 2-22 - ee Figs. 17-21. Carpolithus floribundus Newb. n. sp.--.-------------------------------- Fig, 22. Carpolithus woodbridgensis Newb. n.sp- ------. .----.----------------------- BigsaJo—2 We SUM ALG AMON US = 2 ae cee ates ele alam ate ental a eee Migs. 25, 29. Calycites parvus New. 0.8 piso- =m sae ote eet alee te eee Figs. 36-38. Tricalycites papyraceus Newb. n.sp.--------.-.---.----------.----. ---- Figs. 39-41. Calycites diospyriformis Newb. n.sp..--..----.-.----.--.---------..--- Pio.42;) Carpolithus) pruniformuis: Newb: 1: Splaee= = =n eee eee eee ee ei Hype [Sen CISSLbESy LONI OSUS GELEO@h= 32-) ees iene he ae eee eee ee eee Figs. 1-19: Celastrophyllum erenatum Heer--- ~~~ <2. 22 one en eee Figs. 1-27. Celastrophyllum Newberryanum Hollick n.sp..-....----.-----.-------- Rigs. 1-6. Menispermites borealis Heer t= 92 o-cise ee =e ee ee ee Ries: 1-6: Wintodendroniiquereifolimm Newb. - essen ee eee ee eee ee enero Bigsel—p-e linlod endrony op Lom eos Ne wl ape a eater e eee eet Igiey lH NU oCoys Gracdbaayeyy ey (pbryol De ING ANG Seems hoeons -- oe Sea Seog cose coco see gece Figs. 5,6. Sapotacites retusus Heer Bere RES ead = eas ese 55 see sa aoaS Big. 8. eer ee angustifolia, Nom BI) Memmi AceD PAs aaadscesoed Geatts.ossecmdonS Figs. 1, 2,4, 6. Mariela rato aus Heer? = bag ate ols mi tingieleclersisctols eetaeratie stapeloeietate ataiateere Mics: 39 Maonolialongifolia: Welw. We Sissel) seers ae ea ae ten Bigs: 14 Mapnolia longifolia New bin) i8p cee. s- ae este eee eee eee eerie Bios, 1-4" Mapnoha elaucoides Newib.m: Sper <2. ocae eee seme eee ae el tate Figs.5-7. Magnolia woodbridgensis Hollick n. sp. ---2--.22 222-2 ------ ee en eee Figs. 1-11. Magnolia auriculata Newb. n.sp...-----..--5.--2---secs cece seers -seeee bo to 4 NONwNwWhwhH Wh bw wd b> O> 0 G2 2 Go 9 Oo Oo GO tS bt te wWOWwWNNWWNSOOSD & iC) ho bo te oS DS to bo bo WS no G2 OO to kb be bo ho bo we Go oo oo i PEERS OF TRANSMITTAL. DePARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Unitep SraTes GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Division oF PALEONTOLOGY, Washington, D. C., March 30, 1894. Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript and drawings of a monograph of the flora of the Amboy Clays, by Dr. J. 5S. Newberry, edited by Dr. Arthur Hollick, and to request its publication. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Lester F. Warp, Paleontologist. Tue Drrecror, United States Geological Survey. uu sf FS ; i irr? ase aCe tt ie a i] ¢ Jy Tie Oar ery K Yeap ri iu is i ee 2 i oe a) aed fe ' ? es wy : - - hen » ie Pu. : 6 = a : : a! 7) es w7L : je ae j a ae : “treats Ba i. ag) ag ue Cra Tod wn! Co be ne “rae ee: 4 Zs TA EDITOR'S PREFACE. In submitting the accompanying monograph upon the flora of the Amboy Clays the editor appreciates fully the delicate nature of his task and takes advantage of this opportunity to offer a few words of explanation, in order that the credit due to the author may not suffer from any want of care on the part of the editor, and also to define the extent of the editor’s responsibility. The monograph as a whole is the work of Dr. J. 8. Newberry. It was almost completed in the autumn of 1890,' but shortly afterwards Dr. Newberry became unable, on account of failing health, to put the finishing touches upon it, and nothing further was done in the matter until the spring of 1892, when it was turned over to me for completion. During that interval the manuscript and plates had become disarranged and in part lost, and the type specimens had suffered from lack of proper care and precaution in storing and handling. It was under such conditions that I undertook the responsibility of final revision and preparation for publica- tion, and it is hoped that they may serve as sufficient excuse for some of the apparent lapses which may be noticed. Few alterations have been made in the original text, it having been thought better to retain Dr. Newberry’s conclusions, except where these had to be modified or omitted in the light of discoveries made or publications issued subsequent to the time when he ceased active work. Wherever it was found necessary to make additions or alterations the fact is indicated over the editor’s initials in the form of a note. Numerous omissions it has been found impossible to fill out with the correct data. This is notably the case in regard to exact localities for some of the specimens, the records of co) ‘ Fide letter to Prof. Lester F. Ward, September 12, 1890. 13 14 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. which are lost or missing. In a number of instances manuscript descrip- tions were found for which there were no corresponding figures on the plates. Wherever such figures could be supplied from the named material in the collection this was done, but in case of the slightest doubt as to the identity the description was omitted entirely. Again, it was found that many of the figures were named but not deseribed, and others were not even named. In the first instance descriptions were supplied, and in the second, wherever such a figure could be identified with its type specimen in the collection, the name attached to the specimen was adopted and a description added. In case no name or type specimen could be found for a figure an effort was made to identify it with some previously described species, and, failing in that, a description was written and an entirely new name adopted. The responsibility of the editor in all such cases is indi- cated by his initials; but in order to avoid any possible confusion in the future the authority for the new name is given in each instance after the name. In conclusion, | wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Prof. Lester F. Ward for assistance in verifying references, for corrections in terminology and nomenclature, and for bibliographic research, without which the com- pletion of the work in its present shape would have been impossible. After the foregoing was written Dr. Newberry died, and the present seems to be a proper time in which to give a brief review of his contri- butions to fossil botany. Accounts of his general scientific labors have been so faithfully given elsewhere by many friends and former associates, in various publications and in the records of scientific societies, that a repetition of them here would be superfluous. The editor will therefore confine himself solely to an account of Dr. Newberry’s activity in the line of paleobotany. EDITOR’S PREFACE. 15} JOHN STRONG NEWBERRY, M. D., LL. D. CONTRIBUTIONS TO FOSSIL BOTANY. Dr. Newberry was born in Windsor, Conn., December 22, 1822, and died in New Haven, Conn., December 7, 1892. His earliest published scientific papers bear the date of 1851, and in 1853 the first of his contributions upon the subject of fossil botany was published. This bears the title ‘Fossil plants from the Ohio coal basin,” and was published in the Annals of Science, Vol. I, Nos. 8 and 9 (Cleve- land, Ohio, 1853), pp. 95-97, 106-108. During the same year he read papers before the American Association for the Advancement of Science “On the structure and affinities of certain fossil plants of the Carboniferous era” and “On the Carboniferous flora of Ohio, with descriptions of fitty new species of fossil plants.” His next important investigations were in the fossil floras of the West, in connection with the Pacific Railroad report, in 1856; the Macomb exploring expedition, 1859; the Ives expedition, in 1861; the Northwest Boundary Commission, from 1859 to 1863; and the'Raynolds expedition, from 1859 to 1860. After this followed numerous investigations in the later extinct (Cretaceous and Tertiary) floras of North America, which finally resulted in the publication of “Notes on the later extinct floras of North America, with descriptions of some new species of fossil plants from the Cretaceous and Tertiary strata,” in the Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History, April, 1868. These descriptions were not accompanied by figures, but the plates were subsequently prepared, and were issued in 1878 by the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories (Ff. V. Hayden in charge), under the title ‘‘ Illustrations of Cretaceous and b] Tertiary Plants.” Dr. Newberry’s descriptions were not included, and the names to the figures were supplied by Prof. Leo Lesquereux. Dr. New- berry would never acknowledge any responsibility for this work. In 1873 the volumes of the Ohio Geological Survey were published, containmg the results of Dr. Newberry’s previous investigations in the fossil flora of the Carboniferous formation in that State, and in 1878 the rich flora of the New Jersey Cretaceous clays attracted his attention, 16 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. which finally resulted in the preparation of this monograph. During the progress of this investigation several contributions upon the subject were presented before the Torrey Botanical Club of New York, which were pub- lished in the Bulletin of the club. Two of the most important of these were “Description of a species of Bauhinia from the Cretaceous clays of New Jersey” and “The ancestors of the tulip tree,” published in 1886 and 1887, respectively. His work upon the New Jersey Triassic fishes and plants appeared in 1888 as Vol. XIV of the Monographs of the United States Geo- logical Survey, and the last of his works to reach the printer’s hands was “The flora of the Great Falls coal field, Montana,” published in the American Journal of Science in 1891. Scattered through the volumes of this latter journal, the Transactions and Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Proceed- ines of the United States National Museum, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Science, Nature, and other less-known publications, may be found his other contributions. He also contributed the article on Fossil Botany to the first edition of Johnson’s Universal Cyclopzedia in 1877, and left behind him several works and many notes in manuscript, which the editor hopes may some day be collected into proper shape for publication. List oF PAPERS AND WORKS BY Dr. NEWBERRY RELATING TO FOSSIL PLANTS. Fossil Plants from the Ohio Coal Basin. Annals of Science, Vol. I, Cleveland, 1853, pp. 95-97, 106-108. New Fossil Plants from Ohio. Annals of Science, Vol. I, Cleveland, 1853, No. 1, pp. 116-117; No. 2, pp. 152-153; No. 3, pp. 164-165. On the Structure and Affinities of Certain Fossil Plants of the Carboniferous Era. Proc. Am. Assoc. Ady. Sei., Vol. VII, 1853, pp. 157-162; Annals of Science, Vol. 1, Cleveland, 1853, pp. 268-270. On the Carboniferous Flora of Ohio, with Descriptions of Fifty New Species of Fossil Plants. Proe Am. Assoc. Ady. Sci., Vol. VII, 1853, pp. 163-166. On the Characteristics of the Carboniferous Flora of Ohio, with Descriptions of Fifty New Species of Fossil Plants. Annals of Science, Vol. I, Cleveland, 1853, pp. 280-281. New Species of Fossil Plants. Annals of Science, Vol. 11, Cleveland, 1854, pp. 2-3. EDITOR'S PREFACE. ea) Reports of Explorations and Surveys * * * fora Railroad from the Missis- sippi River to the Pacifie Ocean (Senate Ex. Doc. No. 78, Thirty-third Congress, second session), Vol. VI, Washington, 1857. Geological Report, Part II, Washington, 1856, pp. 1-68. Fossil Plants from the Cretaceous of Kansas and Nebraska. (From a letter to Meek and Hayden.) [In|] Meek and Hayden: On the so-called Triassic Rocks of Kansas and Nebraska. Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., Vol. XX VII, 1859, pp. 31-35. (New- berry, p. 33.) Notes on the Ancient Vegetation of North America. Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., Vol. XXIX, 1860, pp. 208-218; Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, Vol. VI, Montreal, 1861, pp. 73-77. Note in reply to Mr. Lesquereux (in a letter to the editors). Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., Vol. XXX, 1860, pp. 273-275. Geological Report, Paleontology. Report upon the Colorado River of the West, by Lieut. Joseph C. Ives; Part ITI, Geological Report. Washington, 1861. Descriptions of the Fossil Plants Collected by Mr. George Gibbs, Geologist to the United States Northwest Boundary Commission under Mr. Archibald Campbell, United States Commisioner. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., Vol. VII, 1857-1863 (1862), pp. 506-524, On the Age of the Coal Formation of China. Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., Vol. XLII, 1866, pp. 151-154. Descriptions of Fossil Plants from the Chinese Coal-bearing Rocks. Appendix No. 1, Pumpelly’s Geol. Researches in China, ete. Smithsonian Contributions, XV, 1867, pp. 119-123. Notes on the Later Extinct Floras of North America, with Descriptions of Some New Species of Fossil Plants from the Cretaceous and Tertiary Strata. Aun. Lye. Nat. Hist., Vol. LX, New York, April, 1868, pp. 1-76. Notes on the Later Extinct Floras of North America, with Descriptions of Some New Species of Fossil Plants from the Cretaceous and Tertiary Strata. Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., Vol. XLVI, 1868, pp. 401-407. Geological Report of the Exploration of the Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers, by Dr. F. V. Hayden, assistant, under the direction of Capt. (now Lieut. Col. and Brevet Brig. Gen.) W. F. Raynolds, Corps of Engineers, 1859-1860. Washington, 1869. Report on the Cretaceous and Tertiary Plants, pp. 145-174. Fossil Plants from the Miocene Tertiary of Oregon. Proc. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., Ist ser., 1870, p. 148. On Red Sandstone, Containing Impressions of Leaves, Found in Excavating the Foundations for the Gas Office in Williamsburg. Proc. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., Ist ser., 1870, pp. 149-150. MON XXVI 2 18 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio. Vol. I, Geology and Paleontology; Part I, Geology. Columbus, 1873. Chapters I-VH, pp. 1-222 (trequent mention of fossil plants, with text figures). Descriptions of Fossil Plants from the Coal Mea-ures of Ohio. Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio; Vol. I, Geology and Paleontology, Part I, Paleontology, Section III, pp. 357-385, Pl. XLI-XLVIII, 1873. Notice of Coniferous Remains in Lignite beds near Keyport, N. J. Proc. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., 2d ser., 1873, pp. 9-10. Notice of Angiospermous Leaves in Red Shale at Lloyd’s Neck, Long Island. Proc. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., 2d ser., 1874, p. 127. On the Lignites and Plant Beds of Western America, Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., Vol. VI, 1874, pp. 399-404. On the so-called Land Plants from the Lower Silurian of Ohio, Am. Jour. Sei., 3d ser., Vol. VIII, 1874, pp. 110-113. Geological Report Accompanying Report of the Exploring Expedition from Santa Fe, N. Mex., to the Junction of the Grand and Green Rivers of the Great Colorado of the West, in 1859, under Command of Capt. J. N. Macomb, ete., Engineer Department, United States Army, Washington, 1876. Newberry, pp. 9-152, Pls. 1V-VIM. Fossil Botany. Johnson’s Universal Cyclopedia, Vol. 11, New York, 1877, pp. 231-236. Illustrations of Cretaceous and Tertiary Plants of the western Territories of the United States, U. S. Geol. and Geog. Survey of the Territories. IF. V. Hayden, U.S. Geologist in Charge, Washington, 1878. J.S. Newberry and Leo Lesquereux. Plates by Newberry, names by Lesquereux. The Geological History of the North American Flora. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. VII, 1880, pp. 74-80. American Cretaceous Flora. Nature, Vol. XXIV, London, 1881, pp. 191-192. Brief Descriptions of Fossil Plants, Chiefly Tertiary, from Western North America. Proc. Nat. Museum, Vol. V, Washington, 1882-1883 (1883), pp. 502-514. Notes on Some Fossil Plants from Northern China, Am. Jour, Sci., 3d ser., Vol. XXVI, New Haven, 1883, pp. 123-127; Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., Vol. XII, London, 1883, pp. 172-177. On a Series of Specimens of Silicified Wood from the Yellowstone Region, exhibited by Mrs. E. A. Smith. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. ILL, 1883-1884 (1883), p. 6. China, by Ferdinand Freiherrn von Richthofen, Vol. [V, Berlin, 1883. Reviewed in Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., Vol. XX VI, 1883, pp. 152-155, Discussion of Dr. N. L. Britton’s “Observations on the Geology of the Vicinity of Golden, Colo.” Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sei., Vol. LLL, 1883-1884 (1884), p. 77. EDITOR’S PREFACE, 19 Some Peculiar Screw-like Casts from the Sandstones of the Chemung Group of New York and Pennsylvania. (Abstract.) Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. II, 1883- 1884 (1884), pp. 33-34, Descriptions of Some Peculiar Screw-like Fossils from the Chemung Rocks. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. III, No. 7, 1885, pp. 217-220, Pl. X VIII. Saporta’s Problematical Organisms of the Ancient Seas. Reviewed in Science, Vol. V, June 19, 1885, pp. 507-508. On the Fossil Plants of the New Jersey Cretaceous. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. XII, November, 1885, p. 124. On the American Trias. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. V, 1885-1886 (1885), pp. 18-19. The Cretaceous Flora of North America. (Abstract.) Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. V, 1885-1886 (1886), pp. 133-137. On the Flora of the Amboy Clays. (Abstract.) Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. XIII, 1886, pp. 33-37. Description of a Species of Bauhinia from the Cretaceous Clays of New Jersey Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. XIII, 1886, pp. 77-78, Pl. LVI. On the Cretaceous Flora of North America. Proc. Aim. Assoc. Ady. Sei., Vol. XXXV, 1886, p. 216. The Ancestors of the Tulip Tree. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. XTV, 1887, pp. 1-8. The Fauna and Flora of the Trias of New Jersey and the Connecticut Valley. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. VI, 1886-1887 (1887), pp. 124-128. Fossil Fishes and Fossil Plants of the Triassic Rocks of New Jersey and the Connecticut Valley. Monographs U. 8. Geol. Survey, Vol. XIV, Washington, 1888. Triassic Plants from Honduras. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sei., Vol. VII, 1888, pp. 113-115. Rhetic Plants from Honduras. Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., Vol. XXXVI, 1888, pp. 342-351, Pl. VIII. The Laramie Group: Its Geological Relations, Its Economic Importance, and Its Fauna and Flora. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. IX, 1889-1890 (1889), pp. 27-32. Devonian Plants from Ohio. Jour. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XII, October, 1889, pp. 48-57, 104-105, Pls. IV-VI. Remarks on Fossil Plants of the Puget Sound Region. In ©. A. White: On Invertebrate Fossils from the Pacific Coast. Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey, No. 51, 1839, p. 51. The Laramie Group. (Abstract.) Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. I, New York, 1890, pp. 024-527, The Genus Sphenophyllum. Jour. Cincinnati Soe. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIII, 1891, pp. 212-217, Pl. XIX. The Flora of the Great Falls Coal Field, Montana. Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., Vol. XULI, 1891, pp. 191-201, Pl. XIV. 20 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. List oF Fossit PLANTS NAMED IN HONOR OF DR. NEWBERRY. Archwophyton Newberryanum Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. TV (1888), p. 124 aVAle Dictyophyton Newberryi Hall, 16th Ann. Rept. Regents Univ. N. Y. (1863), p. 87, Pl. IV, figs. 1-3. Pecopteris Newberryi Lesq., Geol. Survey Il., Vol. IT (1866), p. 443,=Sphenopteris Newberryi Lesq., Boston Jour. Nat. Hist., Vol. VI (1854), p. 420,= Diplothmema New- berryi (Lesq.), Stur., Abh. K. K. Geol. Reichsanst., Vol. VII (1877), p. 124. Psendopecopteris Newberryi Lesq., Coal Flora of Pennsylvania, p. 202, Pl. XX XVII, fig. 1. Odontopteris Newberryi Lesq., Coal Flora of Pennsylvania, p. 127. Teniopteris Newberriana White and Fontaine, Rept. PP. 2d Geol. Survey of Pennsylvania (1880), p. 91, Pl. XXXIV, figs. 1-8. Goniopteris Newberriana White and Fontaine, Rept. PP. 2d Geol. Survey of Penns) lvania (1880), p. 84, Pl. XXX, fig. 2. OCardiocarpon Newberryt Andrews, Geol. Survey of Ohio, Vol. Il, Part II (1873), p. 425, Pl. XLVI, fig. 2: Cordaites Newberryi (Daws.) Knowlton, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. XIT (1890), p. 607, = Dadoxylon Newberryi, Daws., Foss. P1. Dev. and Sil. Can., p. 14, Pl. I, figs. 7-9. Salix Newberryana Hollick. (See this monograph, p. 68, Pl. XIV, figs. 2-7.) Platanus Newberryana Heer, Phyl. Cret. Neb., p. 16, Pl. I, fig. 4. Myrica Newberryana Hollick. (See this monograph, p. 63, P1. XLII, fig. 5.) Laurus Newberryana Hollick, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. X-XI (1894), p. 52, Pl. 179, fig. 5. Viburnum Newberrianum Ward, 6th Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey (1885), p. 557, Pl. LXIV, figs. 10-12; LXV, figs. 1-3. Also Bull. U. 8S. Geol. Survey No. 37, p. 118, Pl. LVI, figs. 1-6. Celastrophyllum Newberryanum Hollick. (See this monograph, p. 101, Pl. XLIX, figs. 1-27.) ArtHurR HOo.uick, Columbia College, New York. THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. By J. S. NEwBERRY. INTRODUCTION. The so-called Amboy Clays take their name from Perth Amboy and South Amboy, places in New Jersey which are nearly in the center of an area dotted over with clay pits from which are taken potters’ clay, fire clay, paper clays, etc. These clays constitute an important item in the mineral resources of the State. The formation which includes them is some 350 feet in thickness and forms the basal member of the Cretaceous group as it is developed in the State of New Jersey. The upper member of the ‘retaceous series consists chiefly of sands and greensand marls, the latter being largely used as fertilizers. These sands and marls contain abundant marine fossils, many of which have been found in the Cretaceous rocks of the Old World, and they have been proved by the investigations of Morton, Meek, Whitfield, and others to be the equivalents in geological age of the White Chalk of England. The Amboy Clays, to which our attention is now more particularly directed, outcrop in a belt extending diagonally across the State, forming the east bank of the Delaware River for a long distance above and below Philadelphia, leaving the Delaware at Trenton and stretching across the State at its narrowest point to Raritan Bay, and thence, passing over the southern portion of Staten Island, where, as in the State of New Jersey, they are largely worked for economic purposes. They are then interrupted by The Narrows and New York Harbor, as well as by the crystalline rocks which occupy New York Island and underlie the northern 21 AD, THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. portion of Brooklyn and the adjacent shores of Hell Gate. Eastward of this the Amboy Clays are generally covered with drift, but they reappear at Glen Cove, Sea Cliff, and various other points on the north shore of Long Island, where it has been deeply cut into by glacial action and is now occupied by inlets from Long Island Sound. Possibly the whole length of Long Island is underlain by the Amboy Clays, as characteristic fossils have been found in the moraine on the extreme end of Montauk Point. Farther east, the clay series reappears on Marthas Vineyard and forms part of the noted cliff of Gay Head. Again interrupted by the waters of the ocean, it apparently reappears in the southern counties of Massachusetts, and it was described by Prof. Edward Hitchcock in the reports of the geological survey of Massachusetts, though its geological equivalents were not recognized. The southern extension of the formation has not been definitely traced, but it apparently thins out southward, appearing as an insignificant element in the series in Cecil County, Md., where Professor Uhler has described it as the bed of “alternate sands and clays” which there rests on the Potomac and is overlain by the equivalents of the Cretaceous marl beds of New Jersey. South of this point it has not been recognized. In New Jersey the Amboy Clay series is generally underlain by the Triassic red sandstones, which have been proved to be of the age of the Keuper or Upper Trias in Europe. The Amboy Clays are for the most part an estuary deposit. This is indicated by the presence of brackish-water shells, Corbicula, Gnathodon, ete., described by Prof. R. P. Whitfield in his report on the Brachiopoda and Lamellibranchiata of the Raritan Clays and Greensand Marls of New Jersey, which forms Vol. I of the Report of the Geological Survey of that State,’ made under the direction of Prof. George H. Cook. Near the top of the series, however, marine shells occur in the vicinity of Keyport, N. J., such as Inoceramus, Pholadomya, ete., found in the greensands above.” This evidence shows that the New Jersey clays occupy a position ' This is a part of the edition of Vol. IX, Monographs of the U. 8. Geol. Survey, Washington, 1885, issued by the Geological Survey of New Jersey, with a separate title page of later date (1886). *Since this was written the occurrence of a marine mollusean fauna associated with the charac- teristic flora of the Amboy Clays, in drift material, has also been noted by me on Staten Island (Trans, N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. XI, pp. 96-104, February, 1892).—A. H. INTRODUCTION, 23 lower than the European Chalk and higher than the upper member of the Trias. Such other evidence as can be gainéd in regard to their precise geological age must be derived from their abundant plant remains, among which are a number of species that are common to the Dakota sandstones of the interior of the continent, to the Atane and Patoot beds of Green- land—known to be Upper Cretaceous—to the Cretaceous clays of Aachen, Germany, and to the Upper Cretaceous rocks of Bohemia. The relation of the Amboy Clays to the Potomac formation of Virginia is not easily demonstrated, as the line of junction has not been fully traced, but we may say that the Potomac is the more ancient formation, and. that. probably a somewhat long interval of time separated the epoch of the Potomac group from that of the Amboy Clays. This is indicated by the almost entire distinctness of the floras of the two formations, which shows that a great change took place during that interval in the character of the vegetation which clothed the eastern shore of. North America. Professor Fontaine has described, from the Potomac group of Virginia and Maryland, 365 species of plants, of which not one is certainly found in the Amboy Clays; and the difference in the character of the vegetation is shown by the fact that in the long list furnished by Professor Fontaine there are but 75 angiosperms (about one-fifth of all), whereas in the New Jersey clays, throwing out fragmentary and doubtful remains, of 156 described species all but 10 are dicotyledonous plants. The relation of the Amboy Clays to the Dakota group can be much more definitely determined, for the proportion between the angiosperms and lower plants in the Dakota group is about the same as in the Amboy Clays, showing a similar stage of progress in the development of plant? life. We have already obtained 12 species common to the two formations, a number that will undoubtedly be considerably augmented with the further exploitation of the Amboy flora. The Dakota group is known to occupy about the middle of the Cretaceous system. Until recently it was supposed to be the basal member of that system as developed on the North American continent, and it was believed that until about the middle of the ‘This was written previous to the publication of Lesquereux’s Flora of the Dakota Group, edited by F. H. Knowlton, and my discoveries in the Cretaceous of Staten Island and Long Island. We are now enabled to identify at least 40 species as common to the two formations.—A. H. QA THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. Cretaceous period our continent had remained above the ocean level; but it has been shown recently that considerable areas of North America are occupied by sediments deposited from the Cretaceous sea before the date of the Dakota formation, and that on the northwestern coast, on Queen Charlotte Island, and in the Shasta group in California we have accumula- tions of sediment that took place before the Dakota sandstones. Mr. R. 'T. Hill and Dr. C. A. White have demonstrated that a considerable portion of the State of Texas is underlain by rocks that are the equivalent of the Neocomian or Lower Cretaceous of the Old World. Very recently, too, Sir William Dawson has found in the fresh-water coal-bearing deposits of western Canada fossil plants identical with some from the Kome group or Lower Cretaceous of Greenland; and a much larger collection of fossil plants obtained by the writer from the coal basin of the Falls of the Missouri in Montana, collected by Mr. R. 8S. Williams, contains many Kootanie or Lower Cretaceous plants, and, what is of still greater interest, a number of species that have been described by Professor Fontaine from the Potomac group of Virginia. Thus the conclusions of Professor Fon- taine as to the Wealden age of the Potomac are strikingly confirmed. His arguments in favor of this view were that the Potomac flora was most like that of the Wealden of Europe, a few of the species being apparently identical, while it had nothing in common with any other flora known. To this I ventured to add the suggestion that it could hardly be Jurassic, as claimed by some writers, since in no part of the world had angiosperm plants been found in the Jurassic, though in Europe the Jurassic rocks had yielded great numbers of plants and the flora had been carefully studied. Now the finding of species identical with those of the Potomae in the Great Falls basin, and with them plants found in the Kootanie of Canada and the Kome deposits of Greenland, seems to place the question beyond doubt. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLORA, It is evident that it is yet too early finally to review and discuss the botanical character and relations of the flora of the Amboy Clays. I have now before me as I write 156 species of plants that have been described; CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLORA. 25 and among the material that is suggestive rather than instructive—trag- ments and indications of other species not sufticiently well represented to be described in full—there are perhaps 30 other species, including seeds and fruits, of which the connection with the plants that bore them is con- jectural. Most of the species enumerated in this list are represented by a large number of individuals, and the degree of preservation of the speci- mens is such that it is very satisfactory material for study as far as it goes; but it is evident that only a beginning has been made in gathering the fossil plants of the Amboy Clays, and probably for years to come consider- able additions will be made annually to that flora, so that the present memoir can be properly regarded as only the commencement of a great work. The partial view of the subject here given will be recognized by all those who are interested in it, and not too much weight will be given to such portions of the memoir as consist in descriptions of unique specimens or fragmentary material. Some special difficulties have stood in the way of making collections of the plants of the Amboy Clays. These clays have come to be a most important element in the resources of the State, and they are the basis of a great industry. The clay beds have been opened at a great number of points, and as the different layers are the products of changing physical conditions, and probably mark the lapse of considerable intervals of time, it is not strange that many differences should be noticeable in the fossil plants of the various beds. The greater number of the fossil plants now described are from the middle bed in the series—the Woodbridge clay bed—while we have not a few of the plants characteristic of the lower or Raritan beds, opened at Sayreville, and of the upper or South Amboy beds. Not enough material has been obtained from the South Amboy and Sayreville beds, however, to enable us to form a clear idea of the phases of vegetation prevalent at the time when these different deposits were made. We have learned that there is certainly considerable difference in the grouping of the plants in the three beds, and it is also probable that there are species which are not only characteristic of but confined to each of the three great divisions of the clay series. 26 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. The Sayreville beds, if not the first opened, were those most largely worked in the early history of the clay industry, and our first collections were made from this deposit. Dr. N. L. Britton, then my assistant in the geological department of the School of Mines, took a special interest in the subject, and brought in from the banks of the Raritan River a large amount of material which at first view was particularly attractive and interesting. The fossil plants were represented by a considerable amount of carbonaceous matter that was of a jet-black color, and this contrasted well with the dove-colored background of the damp clay, so that the leaves as they were taken out resembled strong and handsome lithographs. Mr. Arthur Hollick, a graduate of the School of Mines and a skillful draftsman, was on hand at that time to make sketches of some of this material, and it was fortunate that this was possible, because these beautiful plant impres- sions proved to be in many cases evanescent and temporary. The sheet of carbonaceous matter which covered the area of a leaf, having been her- metically sealed in the plastic clays, had lost little of its substance and was a relatively thick sheet of lignite. This contained a large quantity of water, and when the specimen was dry the material shrank and season- cracked so that it could often be blown away with the breath, leaving only a faint impression that was nearly invisible. Efforts were made to preserve these specimens by various devices. They were varnished, coated with gum, saturated with paraffin, with glycerin, with water glass, all without success, and we had the mortification of repeating the experience of the merchant whose story is told in the Arabian Nights, who, receiving what seemed beautiful new coins from a necromancer, found on going to his money drawer the next day that all his bright coins had resolved themselves into dried and withered leaves. The same thing had happened before, for the leaf impressions in the Amboy Clays had early attracted the attention of Professor Cook, at that time the head of the Geological Survey of the State, and he had caused many of them to be collected. When my attention was drawn to the sub- ject and I went to New Brunswick to examine the material that had been gathered into the cabinet of Rutgers College, I found that nearly all the specimens had perished in the way I have described and were inde- terminable. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLORA. 27 This experience caused us great disappointment, and I became nearly hopeless of being able to accumulate such representatives of the Amboy ‘lay*flora as would suffice for careful and deliberate study, and, what was of primary consequence, should remain as types and standards for future comparison. Nothing has contributed more to the confusion and uncer- tainty that has prevailed in the literature of natural history than the loss of type specimens, and no solid and substantial progress could be made in the study of this flora if the material were to perish in the using. The truth of this statement is abundantly proved by the uncertainties that hang over the first efforts to investigate this flora. The fossil plants collected by Professor Cook were submitted to Mr. Leo Lesquereux, of Columbus, Ohio, the eminent paleobotanist, and his report upon them is given on page 27 of the Report on the Clay Deposits of New Jersey, which forms one of the reports of the Geological Survey of the State, issued in 1878. His report will be referred to in detail on another page. It begins as follows: “The specimens, very numerous, badly preserved, from Sayreville and other localities, have, * * * * so far as they are determinable, the characters of the flora of the Dakota group.” He attempted, however, to determine the species, and reports a list which I shall give further on. The material submitted to him I had an opportunity of examining, and, as before stated, found it to be practically worthless. At this stage of our experience, and when we were much discouraged in our efforts to gather and study the remains of the clay flora, Dr. Britton fortunately discovered at South Amboy a layer of the clays in which the leaf impressions carried very little carbonaceous matter—simply enough to color the area of the leaf with a coftee-brown tint. These impressions we found to be permanent, and since that time our efforts have been mainly directed to the discovery of such layers in this and other clay pits and the gathering of material of this kind. A similar layer was discovered by Mr. I. H. Woolson at Woodbridge, and this has furnished perhaps three-fourths of all the specimens which are figured and described in this memoir. From Sayreville we have as yet obtained no leaf impressions of this character, and the treasure which there lies entombed is for the most part intact, and we must discover some method by which the specimens from this locality 28 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. and from similar beds in other clay pits can be preserved before they can be satisfactorily studied. The circumstances detailed above have limited the accumulation of material for examination, and it should also be said, that the limited appro- priations at the command of Professor Cook made it impossible for him to pay for the thorough examination of all the hundreds of clay pits which have been opened in the clay belt. Thus it is that the study of the Amboy Clay flora has progressed slowly and the greater part of the work is yet to be done. As the clay pits in New Jersey are destined for hundreds of years to be an important source of wealth to the inhabitants of the State, it is certain that the work of excavation will go on for a long time to come, and should means be provided for making the necessary collections and for the publication of the results of their study, we may hope and expect that ultimately the Amboy Clay flora will be thoroughly investigated, and the results of such investigation be one of the most important and interesting contributions to the history of vegetation on the globe. As the report of Mr. Lesquereux, referred to above, was the first contribution made to our knowledge of the Amboy Clay flora, it deserves some further notice. The list of plants which he gives is as follows: 1. Pettit’s clay bank, near Washington, | South River}. Sterculia, undetermined species. Proteoides daphnogenoides. Rootlets of Equisetum. Platanus Heerii Lesq. Andromeda. 2. Sayre & Fisher's clay bank, at Sayreville. Glyptostrobus gracillimus Lesq. Laurus species. Sequoia condita Lesq. Persea nebrascensis Lesq. Sequoia Smithsiana Heer (sic). Daphnophyllum? Sequoia subulata Heer. Salix protefolia Lesq. Araliopsis, undeterminable. Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer. Magnolia alternans Heer. Proteoides, undeterminable. Magnolia Capellinii Heer. Sterculia species. Cinnamomum Heerii Lesq. 3. J. K. Bricks clay bank, Burts Creek. Sassafras (Araliopsis). A Sequoia with thick leaves. Seed of conifer. Sequoia Reichenbachi. Rootlets. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLORA, 29 4. Mrs. Allen’s clay pit, South Amboy. Quercus, dentate leaves. Andromeda. (Dryophyllum). Cinnamomum Heerii Lesq. Sterculia, same as above. Sequoia rigida Heer. Myrica, or Lomatia. Sequoia Reichenbachi Heer. Salix protefolia. Leaves of a peculiar new kind of fern. In looking over this list I find that only the following plants have been identified in our collections: Magnolia alternans, Proteoides daphnogenoides, Salix proteefolia, Andromeda Parlatorii, Sequoia Reichenbachi, and Glypto- strobus gracillimus Lesq., the last, as shown on another page, not being a Glyvtostrobus. The concluding note of Mr. Lesquereux’s report is: “These specimens are few and poor, and therefore the determinations are not positively ascertained,” much of the uncertainty being due, as before men- tioned, to the very bad condition of the material. A number of species are mentioned in his list which we have never been able to recognize in any of our collections made from the New Jersey clays, though it is, of course, possible that in a flora so rich as this they may be discovered hereafter. To refer to certain plants in the list which we have specially sought without finding, we may mention Plantanus Heerii Lesq. and Sequoia condita Lesq., both of which are plants of the Dakota group. ‘SS. Smithsiana Heer” is undoubtedly intended for S. Smittiana from the Lower Cretaceous (Kome) beds of Greenland, which occurs in the Kootanie group, and is almost certainly not a member of the Amboy flora. The same may be said of S. subulata Heer and Magnolia Capellinii, which are likely enough to be found in the Amboy Clays, though we have not seen them. They are very widely distributed and ought to be here. Cimnamomum Heerti Lesq. is perhaps the species which we have called C. intermedium. In C. Heerii the leaf is broader, less wedge-shaped, and more prominently three-nerved. Sassafras is perhaps our species S. progenitor or S. acutilobum Lesq., both of which occur not rarely in these beds. Sequoia rigida Heer is not like any species we have seen, and as it occurs lower in the series it is doubtful if it has been found in New Jersey. Sequoia Reichenbachi is a species of great vertical and lateral range, occurring on Vancouver Island, in the Laramie group of the West, in the Cretaceous beds of Greenland, both lower and 30 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. upper, and throughout the continent of Europe where the plants of the upper half of the Cretaceous system have been gathered. BOTANICAL CHARACTER OF THE FLORA. In the present memoir, including fruits and flowers, 156 species of plants are described. Of these, one is apparently a seaweed (Chondrites flecuosus). Hausmannia and Czekanowskia are of uncertain botanical affini- ties, and Baiera, of which, as of the others mentioned, we have one species, is probably a conifer. Leaving out these doubtful elements, we find that of ferns there are 8 species; of conifers, 17; of cycads, 5; and all the others are dicotyledonous angiosperms. Of these, as has been already mentioned, the botanical rank is high—as high, probably, as that of an indiscriminate selection from the same number of arborescent plants taken from the living flora of the State of New Jersey would be. Hereafter, when more material shall have been gathered and this more carefully and wisely studied, it is probable that some changes will be required in the botanical balance of this flora; but it is evident that no discoveries hereafter to be made will greatly change its aspects. Changes will be made in the genera enumerated, species will be united or broken up, and the addition of groups of plants from layers which have furnished us little or nothing will doubtless color the result; but we can hardly imagine that the conclusions here announced will be greatly modified. As we look over the subjoined list of plants it will be seen that among them there are no palms. This is in accordance with all the observations hitherto made elsewhere upon the flora of the Lower and Middle Cretace- ous. Mr. Lesquereux has doubtfully announced the discovery of a palm (Flabellaria? minima) in the Dakota group of the West (Cret. Flora, p. 56, Pl. XXX, fig. 12), but by reference to his figure and description it will be seen that no important conclusion can be based upon material so doubtful. We may say, therefore, that up to the present time no remains of palms have certainly been found in the Middle and Lower Cretaceous rocks. This is one of the many surprises we meet with in this connection, since palms are considerably lower in the botanical scale than the dicotyledonous plants, the remains of which are here so abundant, and it may perhaps be GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE FLORA. 31 explained by the supposition that no Middle Cretaceous rocks have been opened in districts where tropical or subtropical climatic conditions pre- vailed. This, however, is unsatisfactory, for the Lower Cretaceous rocks have been opened in all quarters of the world and plants have been col- lected from them; and the Dakota flora gives evidence from all sources that it is that of a warm temperate climate, and that the climate was in the same localities afterwards warmer, since palms, which may be accepted as an evidence of a warmer climate, are so abundant in the Laramie and Tertiary beds. From the conditions under which the Amboy Clays were deposited, that is, in estuaries of no great extent, surrounded by land covered with a dense vegetation, and from the nature of the deposits, largely fine clay which subsided in the quiet water, we should expect to find here the remains of herbaceous plants as well as arborescent, and yet so far they have been conspicuous by their absence. Again, we should have anticipated the preservation of insects in large numbers—dragon flies, at least, which were so numerous in the Jurassic age as to leave multitudes of representatives in the Solenhofen slates—and yet, though we have searched for them most carefully, no definite remains of insects have yet been discovered. Flowers were there in abundance, and why the insects have not left any proof of their existence is a mystery. That insects existed in great numbers as early as this is proved by the fact that in the St. Etienne coal basin in central France, in rocks of the Car- boniferous age, Mr. Charies Brongniart has obtained over 1,300 species of insects. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE FLORA. Tn this installment of fossil plants from the Amboy Clays, out of 156 described species, about 50, or one-third of the whole number, are described by Heer from the Cretaceous rocks of Greenland. In Velenovsky’s Flora der Bohmischen Kreideformation I find 6 that I regard as identical with those that we have from New J ersey. In the Dakota group, out of 460 described species, there are at least 40 which seem to occur in the Amboy Clays; and I have identified 3 positively, and several others presumably, 32 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. of our New Jersey plants in the Cretaceous beds of Aachen. ‘The flora of the Aachen clays has never been fully described. Debey and Ettings- hausen began to illustrate it, and published two parts of a proposed monograph. These included Thallophytes and ferns, but the conifers, cyeads, and angiosperms were left untouched; at least, though partially studied, they were not figured or described. To make the comparison which it was impossible to do through books, I at one time took occasion to go to Aachen, and had the privilege of examining a very considerable portion of the collections made by Dr. Debey. I found that the formation there resembles our Amboy Clays very much lithologically, and some of the strata are of economic importance and have been extensively worked. Unfortunately, the spread of the town has covered most of the pits where excavations were made, and hereafter it will be impossible to enjoy the opportunity possessed by Dr. Debey, who for twenty-five years was a practicing physician in Aachen and had in his pay the men employed in the clay pits, so that the collections he made were very large. These have since been made up into sets and sold. In the few hours I spent in the examination of Dr. Debey’s plants it was impossible for me to make the systematic comparison with the Amboy flora that is desirable, but that will doubtless be made in time, when some- one takes up the work begun by Dr. Debey and gives a full description of the plants he found. I was greatly interested to see the general corre- spondence in the character of the floras, and to identify with certainty such plants as Moriconia cyclotoron, Cunninghamites elegans, Asplenium Foerster, ete. The number of identical species will undoubtedly be largely augmented, and there can be no mistake about the parallelism of the two formations. Dr. Charles Horion, of Liege, has given a lucid explanation of the structure and relations of the Aachen beds in his Notice sur le Terrain Crétacé de la Belgique (Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 2™° Série, Vol. XVI, p. 635), and has shown that the formation of that region covers the upper half of the Cretaceous system, the upper member being the Maestricht beds, which is the summit of the system, while the beds at Aachen, though all mechanical—clay, sands, etc.—range down to about its middle, or form the equivalent of the Upper Greensand of England. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE FLORA. 33 The mode of accumulation of the beds at Aachen seems to have been similar to that of the Amboy Clays and the Potomae group; that is, they are local estuarine beds resting upon Paleozoic rocks and composed of the wash of the neighboring land, in which were buried great numbers of leaves and trunks of the trees which grew upon that land. The trunks are now converted into lignite, and they are as conspicuous an element in the lithol- ogy of the group as in New Jersey. Dr. Debey supposed that his collection contained 300 to 400 species of angiosperm plants. This is perhaps an exaggeration, for he included in his list a great many doubtful fragments; but when the floras of the Aachen beds and those of the clays of New Jersey shall be fully studied and illustrated it will undoubtedly be found that the botanical aspects are the same, and that there are perhaps as many species identical in the two formations as in those of Greenland and New Jersey. Hence, we may fairly infer that the collections of plants from the New Jersey clays, the Dakota group, the Patoot and Atane beds of Green- land, the Aachen series of Germany, and the plant-bearing Cretaceous rocks of Bohemia fairly represent the vegetation of the world during the middle and latter portions of the Cretaceous age. MON XXvI——3 DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. CRY PTOGAMTA. THALLOPHYTA. Order CHONDRITE. CHONDRITES FLEXUOSUS Newb. n. sp. PL. I, figs. 1, 4. In various localities the Amboy Clays are found penetrated in every direction by vegetable fibers which are imperfectly shown in the figures now given. These specimens are evidently the remains of fresh-water fucoids or sponges. They are apparently not the rootlets of aquatic plants, because they are not found connected with any stems, and they should apparently be classed with similar organisms which have in different forma- tions been generally included in the genus Chondrites and have been supposed to be Thallophytes. No detailed description of these specimens is necessary, but they will be recognized wherever found by the figures now published. In Debey and Ettingshausen’s Die Urweltlichen Thallophyten von Aachen,’ PI. II, figs. 6 and 8, similar organisms are represented, to which our specimens are closely allied. They differ, however, in the long and flexuous tendrils, which are less distinctly connected with a parent stalk. Localities: Sayreville, Woodbridge, ete. ‘ Denkschriften d. Akad. Wiss., Bd. XVI, Wien, 1859. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 315) BRYOPHYTA. Order HEPATIC&. HausMannia riGIpaA Newb. n. sp. Pl eS 2. (oO: Frond large, bipinnate or tripinnate, flat; central line of pinne and pinnules traversed by a strong continuous midrib, from which are given off many fine, flexuous, branching veins. Margins entire, pinne and pinnules mostly opposite, pinnules linear, subacute. This interesting plant is not uncommon at South Amboy, and a single fragment of it has been found at Woodbridge. It is evident, however, that it belongs to the upper beds of the Amboy Clays, and was an inhabitant of the region around New York Harbor only in the last half of the Amboy epoch of the Middle Cretaceous period. It closely resembles Hausmannia dichotoma of Dunker (Monographie der Norddeutschen Wealdenbildung, p. 12, Pl. V, fig. 1; Pl. VI, fig. 12), but is far more exact and regular in the divisions of the frond, and they are not dichotomous. In regard to the botanical affinities of this plant, our specimens do not solve the problem. In my judgment, it is a fern or hepatic, though no living fern comes very near to it. From a resemblance which appeals rather to instinct than reason, I have been led to think it possible it was a higher kind of hepatic, a Mar- chantia, for example, lifted from its creeping condition into an independent and erect plant, trained and disciplined into symmetry by the occult influ- ence which has given such grace and exactness to the foliage of ferns, lycopods, and some conifers. Probably future collections will solve this problem, but until the fructification shall be found this will remain one of the most puzzling forms of extinct vegetation. Among fossil plants Rachiopteris (formerly Schizopteris) seems to me to be most like Hausmannia, but no species of that genus shows any- thing like the regularity and symmetry of structure which are conspicuous characters in the plant before us. Localities: Woodbridge, South Amboy. 36 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. PTERIDOPHYTA. Order FILICIN/A, GLEICHENIA GIESEKIANA Heer?. Pl. IV, fig. 12. Gleichenia Giesekiana Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. I, p. 78, Pl. XLITI, figs. 1 a, b, ¢, 2 a, sa, by Pll SLIV, fies) 2) 2¢, 3) Volsllk Part Lip: 43. el; iiaiosnliders-slls VII, fig. 1; Vol. VI, Abth. II, pp. 6, 35, Pl. II, figs. 9a, 9b; Pl. XIII, figs. 4, 4b. Among the fragments of fronds of Gleichenia there are some which agree in all essential particulars with the species named above, but the material is too fragmentary and imperfect to justify any positive assertion of identity. The plant is much larger and stronger than that which I have referred to G. Zippei, the pimne having a length of 10° to 12° and the pinnules being from 8™" to 12™™in length. Better specimens will undoubtedly be obtained hereafter, and will permit a more satisfactory comparison with described species. All we can now say with certainty is that a relatively large species of Gleichenia was an element in the Cre- taceous flora of the country surrounding the mouth of the Hudson, and in any catalogue of the plants constituting this flora this demands a place. Locality: Woodbridge. GLEICHENIA MICROMERA Heer?. Pl. IIL, fig. 6. Gleichenia micromera Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. III, Part Il, p. 55, Pl. X, figs. 14, 15. We have obtained a few fragments of a fern which is more like the species to which Heer gave the above name than any other, living or fossil. The plant was very delicate, the fronds flexuous, the pinnze narrow, linear, leaving the rachis at a right angle, the pinnules ovate or oblong, not more than 2™™" or 3™™ in length. The material before us is too imperfect to suffice for satisfactory com- parison, and yet we have here traces of a very beautiful and distinctly marked plant which deserves recognition as one of the minor but more attractive elements in the Amboy flora. Locality: Sayreville. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. at GLEICHENIA Zipper Heer ?. Pl. Il, fig. 5. Gleichenia Zippei Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. I, p. 79, Pl. XLIII, fig. 4; Vol. III, Part II, p. 44, PI. IV, figs. 1-5; Pl. V, figs. 1-9; Pl. VI, figs. 1-3; Pl. VII, fig. 2. Pecopteris Zippet Corda in Reuss, Versteinerungen d. Bohm. Kreidef., Abth. II, p. 95, Pl. XLEIX;, figs. 2, 3. Gleichenia Rinkian«w Heer, Fl. Foss. Aret., Vol. I, p. 80, Pl. XN LITT, fig. 6. We have occasionally found fragments of the fronds of a Gleichenia which I have been unable to distinguish trom that so fully illustrated in Heer’s Kreide Flora (Fl. ‘Foss. Aret., Vol. HII, Part IT), and to which he gives the above name. The plant was evidently a delicate one, and it is much less perfectly preserved than the associated ferns which I have referred to the genus Anemia. The fronds being much broken up, it is impossible to say whether or not we have united under one name plants which belong to different species. It has been thought, however, that an error of synthesis would be less mischievous than one of analysis, and it has seemed a fruitless labor to attempt to define species sharply where the material is defective, and when it is certain that in future years the exploita- tion of the New Jersey clay beds will permit the accumulation of abundant material, and that in better state of preservation. The genus Gleichenia was evidently widespread in the Cretaceous age, and there were many species of the genus in Europe and America. In the flora of the Amboy Clays other ferns are more numerously represented, if we can judge by the collections already made. It is true, however, that the distribution of species is somewhat local in the clay beds, and a treasury of specimens and perhaps species may at any time be discovered. The most abundant of the ferns which I have referred to Gleichenia is that which corresponds best with Heer’s description and illustrations of G. Zippei. The frond would seem to have been more open than most of those figured by Heer, but this is proved by his illustrations to be a variable character. The fructification is present on some of the specimens found at Woodbridge, and this has altogether the character of that figured by Heer. The pin- 38 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. nules are set nearly at right angles to the rachis, are from 6™" to 8™ long, and when in fruit carry three or four sori on each side of the midrib. Locality: Woodbridge. ANEMIA sTRIcTA Newb. n. sp. PII, figs: 152: Frond of large size, ternate, subdivisions ovate or lanceolate, pinnze lance-linear in outline, pinnules lanceolate, acute, decurrent, simple above, below toothed and finely pinnatifid; nervation fine, each pinnule having at base a central nerve which sends off, pinnately, straight, forked branches to the margins on all sides; fructification unknown. Of this beautiful fern numerous specimens have heen collected at Woodbridge, and from these a selection has been made for representation on Pl. II, of which the figures will serve for comparison with other living and fossil ferns. In general aspect and structure this plant closely resem- bles some species of Asplenium, and it might without impropriety be referred to that genus, but in the absence of fructification no positive statement can be made in reference to its generic relations. It evidently belongs to a group of ferns which was extensively developed in later Cretaceous times— a group which includes the two plants described in this memoir under the name of Asplenium Foersteri and A. Dicksonianum, as well as the widespread species of the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary, A. subcretacea. Doubtless, at no distant day the fructification of these plants, as yet unknown, will be discovered in connection with these sterile fronds, and will set at rest the discussion which has been excited in reference to their botanical relations. So far as the vegetative organs are concerned, they might very well belong either to Asplenium or Anemia, the divisions of the frond and the nervation being very like those of the more dissected species of these genera. The Marquis Saporta has suggested that his Aspleniwm suberetaceum may be the type of an extinct generic group allied to Todea, but this must remain a suggestion or conjecture until the fructification shall be discovered. In looking through Heer’s illustrations of the Cretaceous flora of the Arctic regions we find a number of figures which may and probably do represent the plant before us. For example, in the Flora Fossilis Arctica, DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 39 Vol. VI, Abth. II, Pl. XLIV, fig. 2, is a fragment of a fern to which the name Dicksonia borealis is given. ‘This specimen consists of parts of four contiguous pinnee, which afford a very imperfect view of the plant to which they belong. It is evident, however, that this was closely allied to the fern now under consideration, the only perceptible difference being that the pinnules of the Greenland plant are narrower and less acute. So also on Pl. XXXIV of the same volume—a plate devoted to Aspidium Oerstedi— in fig. 8 is represented a small portion of the upper part of a fern frond in which the pinne are narrow, the pinnules closely set at a very acute angle with the midrib, decurrent, entire-margined and acute, in all respects resembling some portions of the frond of Anemia stricta and almost certainly different from Aspidium Oerstedi. Though not rare at Woodbridge in certain layers of the clay, Anemia stricta has up to the present time been found nowhere else. No traces of fructification have yet been detected on any of the specimens. As may be inferred from the figures, the sterile frond was ternate and the fruit was probably borne on a distinct stipe. Locality: Woodbridge. AspLeNIuM Dicksonranum Heer. PI. I, figs. 6,7; Pl. IL, figs. 1-8; Pl. III, fig. 3. Asplenium Dicksonianum Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. III, Part Il, p. 31, Pl. I, figs. 1-5; Vol. VI, Abth. II, p. 3, Pl. Il, figs. 2, 2b; p. 33, Pl. XXXII, figs. 1-8. In the Kreide-Flora der Arctischen Zone (Flora Fossilis Arctica, Vol. III, Part H, p. 31, Pl. 1), Prof. Oswald Heer describes a fern which I am entirely unable to distinguish from one that occurs abundantly at Wood- bridge. We have now collected many hundred specimens of this fern, and have learned that its fronds were of large size and differed much in the details of the different parts. Selections have been made from this large amount of material for the figures on Pls. I, I, III, and since all the dif- ferent phases here presented are fossilized together and are connected by intermediate forms, it is impossible to resist the conviction that they all belong to one species. By reference to the numerous illustrations given by Heer, a satisfactory comparison may be made with the figures now 40 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. published, and it will be seen that the closest correspondence exists in all particulars between the Greenland and New Jersey specimens. The geological importance of this identification is apparent, and is quite inde- pendent of the yet undecided question of the botanical relations of this plant. Professor Schimper (Paléontologie Véeétale, Tome I, p. 660) refers this fern to Asplenium, like all those with which it is associated geolog- icaliy and botanically, viz, Asplenium Brongniarti Deb. & Ett., A. Foersteri Deb. & Ett., A. cwnopteroides Deb. & Ett., and A. subcretaceum Sap. Professor Heer adopts this view, and in his Flora Arctica, Vol. III, he changes the name of the fern under consideration from Sphenopteris to Asplenium. This harmony of opinion among the distinguished botanists whose names have been mentioned must carry with it great weight, but it is necessary to say that it is based on the general similarity of form and nervation, and that, the fructification of none of these ferns having been yet found, the question of their generic relationship can not be said to be decided. From the absence of fruit in all these plants, which he takes as evidence that the fertile and sterile fronds were borne on distinct stipes, as well as from the resemblance of the vegetative organs, Mr. J. Starkie Gardner, in his Monograph of the British Eocene Flora, decides to refer Asplenium subcre- taceum Saporta to Anemia. This question is discussed at some length in my notes on the allied and associated species, Asplenium Foersteri, and it need not be further pursued here. As in A. Foersteri, the fronds of this fern were evidently somewhat thick and coriaceous; the surface is polished, and the nervation is generally obscure; the stipes are fluted, a central ridge being bordered by a more or less distinct furrow on either side. From this ridge a nerve passes through the center of each pinna, and this midrib gives rise to a slender nerve fiber which traverses each pinnule to the apex. In a few specimens it may also be seen that delicate side nerves are given off by the midrib of each pinnule. Locality: Woodbridge. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 41 AspLENIUM ForrsteRI Deb. & Ett.? Pl. IV, figs. 1-11. Asplenium Foersteri Debey and Ettingshausen, Die Urweltlichen Acrobryen (Denkschr. Wien. Akad., Vol. XVII, p. 193), p. 13, Pl. II, figs. 4-7, 11. A number of fragments of a fern have been found which in some respects closely approaches that described by Debey and Ettingshausen under the above name (loe. cit.), although the specimens which they figure are too few and imperfect to render the identification certain. Heer has also described in his Flora Arctica, Vol. III, Part II, p. 93, Pl. XXVI, fig. 1, a similar if not identical fern from the Upper Cretaceous rocks of Greenland, but his material was also fragmentary and entirely inadequate for satisfactory description or comparison. Debey and Ettingshausen refer their plant with confidence to Asple- nium and compare it with the living species Asplenium One of the most common conifers of the Amboy Clays seems to be identical with the one that has been described by Velenovsky as Sequoia heterophylla, found in the Upper Cretaceous of Bohemia and described in Die Gymnospermen der Bohmischen Kreideformation (loc. cit.) A number of figures are given of it, and it may be noticed that they show distinctly the conspicuous feature of the plant, and that which has given it its name, viz, the two forms of foliage, often on the same twig; toward the base the leaves very short, appressed, almost scale-like; higher up, leaves much longer and dichotomously expanded. Norr.—Figs. 4, 4a, Pl. [X, represent cones of a Sequoia, according to Dr. New- berry’s labels on the corresponding specimens, but he did not indicate the species to which he supposed them to belong.—A. H. Sequoia RercHensacui (Gein.) Heer?. Pl. IX, fig. 19. Sequoia Reichenbachi (Gein.) Heer?, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. I, p. 83, Pl. XLIIL, figs. 1d, 2b, 5a, d, dd, 8, 8b. : Araucarites Reichenbachi Geinitz, Charakteristik d. Schichten u. Petref.d. Siichsischen Kreidegebirges, p. 98, Pl. XXIV, fig. 4. A few branches of a Sequoia with short and divergent leaves resem- bling those of Sequoia Reichenbachi, but more slender and delicate, are contained in our collections. I have thought it probable that they repre- sent this world-wide species, but more material will be required before that question can be decided. Locality: Woodbridge. MON XXvI——4 50 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. SEQUOIA GRACILLIMA (Lesq.) Newb. 1214 AD. salege NG Glyptostrobus gracillimus Lesq., Am. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLVI, p. 92. In the American Journal of Science (loc. cit.) and in his Cretaceous Flora, p. 52, Mr. Lesquereux has described a slender-branched conifer from the Dakota group near Sioux City, which he referred to the genus Glypto- strobus ‘fon account of the form and mode of division of its branches, of the scale-like leaves without nerves, and of the form and position of the male catkins.” At the latter date, however (Cretaceous Flora, p. 53), he was disposed to identify this plant with Frenelites Reichii, described by Ettingshausen in his Cretaceous Flora of Niederschoena. There is little doubt, however, that both references were erroneous, as the foliage is more like that of Sequoia than Glyptostrobus, and cones which I have from the same localities that furnished Lesquereux’s specimens are distinctly those of Sequoia and very different from those of any species of Glyptostrobus known. The specific name gracillimus, given by Lesquereux, was well deserved, since the branches are extremely slender and the only form of foliage seen is short and appressed. Beautiful cones of the same species occur in the Amboy Clays near Keyport, and a complete one of this kind may be seen on Pl. IX, fig. 1. They are cylindrical, 5°" or more in length by 1™ or more in breadth. Immature ones are depicted in figs. 2 and 3 of the same plate. Apparently the same plant is described and figured by Heer in his Flora Fossilis Arctica, Vol. VII, p. 16, Pl. LI, fig. 13. The form of the cone is similar to that of the genus Geinitzia, but the foliage is widely different, and as the leaves and fruits are associated in my specimen, there can be no doubt that our plant is not a Geinitzia. o branchlets to) Professor Heer also figures, on Pl. LI, a slab containin and leaves of a conifer which closely resembles the one under consideration, and on the same specimen a cone is represented which has the cylindrical elongate form of ours; so I can not doubt that this plant, which he calls Sequoia macrolepis, is the same as that previously described by Lesquereux as Glyptostrobus gracillimus. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 51 These specimens are interesting as showing another plant common to the Dakota of the West, the Amboy Clays of New Jersey, and the Patoot and Atane beds of Greenland. That Mr. Lesquereux’s Glyptostrobus is not identical with F’renelites Reichii will be seen by referring to Pl. VIII, which is occupied by this species under the name Widdringtonites Reichii (Ett.) Heer. It is rather, abundant in the Amboy Clays, and occurs in Greenland and in the Cre- taceous beds of Aachen and Niederschoena. The terminal branches are covered with minute appressed or divergent, acute, rigid leaves, but the larger and lower branches are generally denuded of foliage, and are articu- lated at frequent intervals in a way altogether foreign to Glyptostrobus. Locality: Near Keyport. GEINITZIA FORMOSA Heer?. PL. IX, fig. 9. Geinitzia formosa Heer, Kreideflora von Quedlinburg, p. 6, Pl. I, fig. 9; Pl. IT, figs. 1-6. The single specimen here identified with the above species was found at Woodbridge. The specimen is named as above by Dr. Newberry, but no description accompanied it.—A. H. BrACHYPHYLLUM CRASSUM Lesq." Pl. VII, figs. 1-7. Brachyphyllum crassum Lesq., Fl. Dak. Group, p. 32, Pl. U1, fig. 5. Thuites crassus Lesq., Cret. and Tert. F1., p. 32. Trees of medium or large size, branches pinnately divided, covered with relatively large, rhomboidal, striated, scale-like leaves, spirally arranged. Fruit a cylindrical cone 15™ to 20°" in length by about 4° in diameter, covered with spatulate, overlapping scales. In certain clay beds at South Amboy and elsewhere one of the most common plants is a sealed conifer, which, judging from the twigs and foli- age, no one would hesitate to include in the genus Brachyphyllum. The ‘Dr. Newberry’s manuscript name for this species is B. macrocarpum, n.sp. It is evidently iden- tical with B. crasswm Lesq., as figured in Flor. Dak. Group, Pl. II, fig.5,—A. H. 52 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. scale-like leaves which cover the branches are arranged in double spirals, are square or rhomboidal, 3°" to 5 in diameter, with the upper point most prominent, and from this strong, sharp ridges radiate over the surface. Frequently there is a short keel beginning at the upper angle and running a little way down the surface. Good examples of this foliage may be seen in the Marquis Saporta’s figures of B. Papareli Sap. and B. Moreauanum Brongn. (Paléontologie Frangaise, Flore Jurassique, Vol. HI, Pls. XX XIII and XXXVIIJ), but with this typical foliage of Brachyphyllum occur cones which are so different from those which have been ascribed to Brachyphyl- lum as to make us doubtful of the reference of our plant to that genus, or of the apparent connection between the cones and the branches. Unfortu- nately, none of the specimens establish beyond all doubt the connection between the cones and the branches, but some of the cones are borne on pedicels which are marked with scales essentially like those of the branches under consideration. When the specimens were first exhumed the scaling of the cone stems was well defined, and was such that I did not hesitate to connect the twigs bearing the rhomboidal scales with the cones, but contain- ing so much woody matter that the lignite of which the cones and twigs are composed has cracked and broken away to such a degree that it can not now be asserted from the specimens. New material must be sought and treated with a better preservative than that which we have to demonstrate to all eyes that this, the most common conifer at South Amboy, bore this most common cone. The cone represented on Pl. VII, fig. 3, was quite entire when found, but has since suffered much by the cracking up of the lignite composing it. It was once covered with a series of scoop-shaped or spatulate scales, of which some specimens, fairly well preserved, are seen near the summit, and the outlines of others on the sides. Ina general way the cone resembles that of some species of pine, but its mode of growth was different, as will be seen by an examination of the immature cones rep- resented in figs. 4 and 6. It is certainly not the cone of a pine tree, and my conviction amounts almost to a certainty that it was borne on branches like those represented in figs. 1 and 5. Some comparisons of these cones with others that have been described from rocks of about the age of the Amboy Clays will be interesting and DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 53 instructive. Ettingshausen has described in his Kreideflora von Nieder- schoena two cones which may not be different from ours. Of these those represented on PI. I, figs. 4-6, may be compared with our fig. 6 on Pl. VII, and are perhaps immature, while fig. 9 of the same plate, which was called Cunninghamites oxycedrus by Sternberg, is very much like our larger cones, and yet it is not known that a Brachyphyllum similar to that found in the Amboy Clays occurs in the Niederschoena beds. Another cone not unlike this is figured and described by Lesquereux in his Cretaceous Flora, p. 114, Pl. XXIV, fig. 1, with the name Ptenostrobus nebrascensis. Mr. Lesquereux does not attempt to connect this cone with any other plant, but points out its resemblance to Cunninghamites oxycedrus. Finally, I would call atten- tion to the striking resemblance between the scale-leafed conifer now figured and that which Velenovsky calls Echinostrobus squamosus (Gymnospermen der Bohmischen Kreideformation, p. 16, Pl. VI, figs. 3, 6, 7, 8). Locality: South Amboy. Tuuya creTacea (Heer) Newb. 1G wes, ap ale, LDibocedrus cretacea Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. IT, p. 49, Pl. X XTX, figs. 1, 2; Pl. XLIII, fig. 1d. Professor Heer (loc. cit.) has carefully figured and described what is apparently the plant of which we have found numerous twigs in the Amboy Clays and of which I have given a figure as indicated above, yet he con- siders the plant a species of Libocedrus, while to my mind it is much nearer to Thuya. In our living Libocedrus, as well as our fossil ones, the joints of the twigs, or rather the appressed leaves which cover the woody axis, are much longer and wider above, having a club-shaped outline; whereas in Thuya the four rows of appressed leaves, forming a joint or whorl, are of nearly equal height and breadth, so that the twigs are strap- shaped, the sides nearly parallel, just as in the fossil before us. I can detect no differences, however, between the specimens from New Jersey and Greenland. Locality : South Amboy. 54 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. Tuuyires Merranr Heer. Pl. X, fig. 5. Thuyites Meriani Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. III, Part 0, py 73, Bl XeVil aes ehipets: This species is represented by a single specimen, identified as above by Dr. Newberry, but not accompanied by any description or indication of locality. —A. H. JUNIPERUS MACILENTA Heer. Pl. X, fig. 7. Juniperus macilenta Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. II, p. 47, Pl. XXXYV, figs. 10, 10b, 11. At Keaseby’s clay pit, on the Raritan River, near Perth Amboy, a conifer occurs in great abundance which closely resembles that described by Heer (loe. cit.) and called by him Juniperus macilenta. 'The branchlets are apparently more regularly and gracefully expanded, with a pinnate arrangement that indicates that they spread on the same plane, like those of Thuya, and the leaves are somewhat shorter and more appressed than those represented in Heer’s figures. Still, the resemblance is striking, and it has seemed to me probable that the species is the same. This is further indicated by the fact that thickly scattered among the twigs there are cone scales and cones, though the latter are very badly preserved. The cone scales are evi- dently identical with those described by Heer under the name of Dammara microlepis (Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. IT, p. 55, Pl. XL, fig. 5), and prob- ably with those described by him as Dammara borealis (op. eit., p. 54, PI. XXXVII, fig. 5). These scales terminate below in a comparatively long and narrow neck for attachment, expanding above to form an elliptical disk, the summit of which consists of a crescentic, smooth band, terminating above in a point. This was evidently the exposed portion of the scale. Below the summit the scales are thickened, striated, and longitudinally cracked, the cracks being filled with amber. In a few instances the scales are grouped together, and in one or two cases they compose cones, now much decayed, and yet showing that the form was ovoid and that the number of scales must have been twenty or more. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 155) The great number of these scales mingled with the branches of the conifer in question indicates very strongly that we have here the fruit of the tree. If so, it is evident that this was not a Dammara, and equally evident that it was not a Juniperus. The form of the cones and the cone scales is sufficiently like that of Dammara, but the foliage is as far as pos- sible removed from it. The Dammara-like scales have been found in a number of the clay pits of New Jersey, and branches have been collected at Cutler’s bank, in Woodbridge; so that it is apparent that the tree was of frequent occurrence in the forests that surrounded the estuaries in which the Amboy Clays accumulated, and we may therefore hope that in the future material will be obtained that will enable us to reconstruct this tree and determine with accuracy its botanical relations. Localities: Keaseby’s clay pit, Woodbridge. Note.—Dammara borealis Heer, from South Amboy, and D. microlepis Heer, as figured by Heer, are shown on PI. X, figs. 8, 9, of this monograph, but no specimens of the scales mentioned by Dr. Newberry as occurring with the branches of J. macilenta were found in any of the collections.—A. H. Moriconia cycLoroxon Deb. & Ett. Pl. X, figs. 11-21. Moriconia cyclotoron Debey & Ettingshausen, Urweltl. Acrobryen d. Kreidegeb. vy. Aachen (Denkschr. Wien. Akad., Vol. XVU, p. 239), pp. 59,64, Pl. VI, figs. 23-27. This, the most beautiful of conifers, was first described by Debey and Kttingshausen in Die Urweltlichen Acrobryen von Aachen (loc. cit.), among ‘Plante incerte sedis filicibus affines,” but as their specimens were very imperfectly preserved and the general outline of the leaf-bearing twigs is much like that of some ferns, it is not surprising that they were mistaken as to its affinities. Subsequently Professor Heer met with it among the fossil plants brought from Greenland and described it (Flora Fossilis Arctica, Vol. III, Part II, p. 97, Pl. XXVI, fig. 18) as Pecopteris kudlisetensis. Afterwards better specimens were brought to him from Greenland which revealed the true character of the plant, and these he describes and figures (op. cit., Vol. VI, Abth. II, p. 49, Pl. XX XIII, figs. 1-9) 56 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. with the proper name. To make his identification sure he corresponded with Dr. Debey and received from him drawings which distinctly showed the twigs to be covered with closely pressed semicircular leaves. These convinced Heer of their coniferous character, but Dr. Debey refused to accept this conclusion. The numerous specimens figured by Professor Heer would seem, however, to leave no doubt upon this subject, and the many and beautiful specimens we have obtained from the Amboy Clays, some of which are now figured, fully confirm Heer’s views.’ No fruit has yet been found with the remains of Moriconia, but this want will doubtless be supplied from the New Jersey clays and will per- mit its relationship with other conifers to be determined. Judging from the foliage alone, Professor Heer is inclined to place Moriconia among the Cupressinez and near to Libocedrus. When in Aachen in 1888 I had an opportunity of examining some of the specimens of Moriconia collected by Dr. Debey, and a few of them showed the outlines of the appressed leaves, but most of the specimens were very imperfectly preserved, the outlines of the twigs, colored brown, being all that remained of the plant. I was anxious to identify this coni- fer with that found in the Amboy Clays, for the ample illustration given of the species by Heer left no doubt that it is common to the Amboy Clays and the Atane group of Greenland, and this was the first of the somewhat long list of species common to Aachen, Greenland, and New Jersey which enabled me to fix with great certainty the geological horizon of the Amboy Clays. Locality : South Amboy. ‘Tt is somewhat remarkable that Professor Heer, after figuring carefully and accurately a number of specimens of Moriconia which fully show the peculiar foliage on the plate cited above, should have figured on Pl. LIV (op. cit., Vol. VII) a much larger branch of a conifer and called it Moriconia, when it is apparent that it is a Brachyphyllum. Instead of being semicircular the leaves are rhom- boidal, and it is also probable that the species is the same with Brachyphyllum crassum, p. 51, Pl. VII, of this monograph.—A. H. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 57 WIDDRINGTONITES SUBTILIS Heer. Pl. X, figs. 2-4. Widdringtonites subtilis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. III, Part II, p. 101, Pl. XXVIII, figs. 1, 1b; Vol. VI, Abth. IJ, p. 51, Pl. VU, figs. 13, 14. We have collected a large number of specimens of a peculiar and graceful conifer which is fairly represented in the figures given. Figs. 2 and 8 are from South Amboy; fig. 4, from Cutler’s clay pit at Woodbridge. The branches of this conifer are numerous and slender and are completely invested by appressed, scale-like leaves. They closely resemble the plant described and figured by Heer (Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. II, p. 51, Pl. VI, fig. 13; Pl. XXVIII, fig. 4). On one of the specimens from South Amboy is a small cone, a centimeter or more in diameter, of which the structure is not plainly visible. This is apparently connected with the branches with which it is in contact, but that is not absolutely proven. More material will be needed before anything definite can be said in regard to the botanical relations of this plant, but as it is locally so abundant, there is little doubt that its fruit will ultimately be obtained in such a state of preservation as to permit of its analysis. The number of specimens obtained by Professor Heer is small, but they give very good views of the foliage, which is precisely that of the plant before us. Localities : Woodbridge, South Amboy. Wipprineronires Rercui (Ett.) Heer. Pl. VIII, figs. 1-5. Widdringtonites Reichii (Ett.) Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. II, p. 51, PI. XXVIII, fig. 5; Vol. VII, p. 13, Pl. LII, figs. 4, 5. Frenelites Reichii Ett., Kreideflora von Niederschoena, p. 246, Pl. I, figs. 10a—10c. This is one of the most common conifers in the Amboy Clays, where slabs a foot square are obtainable, covered with the delicate tracery of its slender branches. Figs. 2 and 3 are portions of such slabs. They were drawn with some care when first obtained, but the wood being replaced by o, it has been lignite that contained much water, thus shrinking and cracking, 538 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. found almost impossible to preserve them. Professor Heer considers this plant equivalent to that described by Lesquereux (Cretaceous Flora, p. 52, Pl. I, figs. 8, 11-11f) under the name of Glyptostrobus gracillimus, but the correctness of this reference I am inclined to doubt, as we find none of the characteristic cones of Glyptostrobus gracillimus with the branches and twigs of Widdringtonites. But we do find, as described elsewhere, cylin- drieal cones, 5° or more in length, associated with the twigs of a somewhat different plant, which, if twigs and cones go together, is a Sequoia. The cones and fruit of that plant are figured on Pl. EX, figs. 1-3, and we regard them as more closely allied to Heer’s Sequoia fastigiata, as illustrated in his Flora Fossilis Arctica, Vol. VII, Pl. LI, fig. 12. In this figure a cone is represented which is referred by Heer to his Geinitzia hyperborea; but just such a cone we find associated with the branches of Glyptostrobus gracillimus (which is certainly not a Glyptostrobus) in both the Dakota sandstones and the Amboy Clays, and no certain evidence of the presence of Geinitzia has been found in either. Hereafter, when more specimens of Widdringtonites Reichit shall be collected and better means of preserving them be discovered, we may hope from the abundance of the plant to obtain all desired information as to its structure and relations. In fig. 8 on Pl. VIII it will be seen that two minute cones are borne on the end of one of the twigs. These are probably very young fertile cones, but they may be immature pollen-bearig organs. Localities: South Amboy, Woodbridge, Sayreville. FReNELopSIS HoHENEGGERI (Ett.) Schenk?. Pl. XII, figs. 4, 5. Frenelopsis Hoheneggeri ( Ett.) Schenk, Die Fossilen Pflanzen der Wernsdorfer Schichten in den Nordkarpathen, Palaeontographica, Vol. XIX, Heft I, p. 13, Pl. IV, figs, b="; Pl. V; figs. 1, 2. Pl) Vil, fies: 1-65 Pl. Vill, fis 1 Thuites Hoheneggeri Ettingshausen, Beitrag zur Flora der Wealdenperiode. Abhandl. d. k. k. geol. Reichsanstalt, Vol. I, Abth. III, No. 2, p. 26, Pl. I, figs. 6, 7. Among the fragmentary remains figured, but not described, are two A. H. specimens from Woodbridge, labeled as above by Dr. Newberry. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. or (To) FRENELOPSIS GRACILIS Newb. n. sp. Pl. XII, figs. 1-3a. Branches numerous, long, slender, simple or remotely forked, set at distant intervals with small scale-like leaves spirally arranged. I have referred this interesting plant to Frenelopsis with some hesita- tion, but it seems nearer to the living genus Frenela and its fossil ally Frenelopsis than to any other conifer with which it has been compared. The tree, when living, with its numerous slender, cylindrical branches, of which the leaves were invisible, must have had the general aspect of the broom, the tamarisk, Canotia holocantha, and most of all of the Ephedras. Locality: Woodbridge. Coniferz of Uncertain Affinities. THINNFELDIA LESQUEREUXIANA Heer. Pl. XI, figs. 1-17. Thinnfeldia Lesquereuxiana Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. II, p. 37, Pl. XLIV, figs. 9,10; Pl. XLVI, figs. 1-11, 12a, b. {n the Cretaceous Flora (p. 54, Pl. I, fig. 12) Mr. Lesquereux describes an “oval, oblong leaf, tapering from below the middle to a short, thick petiole, abruptly rounded, and undulate above.” This he called Phyllo- cladus subintegrifolius. It was obtained from the Dakota sandstone near Decatur, Nebr., and in the Upper Cretaceous rocks of Greenland leaves were found in considerable numbers which are apparently identical with this. They have been so considered by Professor Heer, who has figured and described them (FI. Foss. Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. I, p.37, Pi. XLVI, figs. 1-11), and has given them the name of Thinnfeldia Lesquereuxiana, deciding that they can not be conifers, as supposed by Lesquereux. Now we have to report the discovery in the Amboy Clays of some hundreds of leaves which are apparently identical with those from Greenland, and presumably so with those from Nebraska.’ A number of these are figured on PI. XI, ‘In the Flora of the Dakota Group, PI. II, figs. 1, 2, 3, leaves are figured under the name Phyllo- cladus subintegrifolius Lesq. which are considered by Dr. Knowlton to be identical with Thinnfeldia Lesquereuxiana Heer. As the true relationships of the plant are yet problematic, it has seemed to be the wiser course to allow the name adopted by Dr. Newberry to stand for the specimens found in the Amboy Clays, which may eventually be determined to be distinct from those of the Dakota group.—A. H. 60 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. and out of this large number I have endeavored to select such as most fairly represent the prevailing characters. It will be seen that they differ very considerably in form, some being linear, some lanceolate, and others spatulate or long ovate. Sometimes, though rarely, the margins are entire; more generally they are undulate, and sometimes acutely toothed. So in their nervation they are variable, sometimes a midrib traversing the entire length of the leaf, while in other cases it vanishes about the middle. A few branches have been found with the leaves still attached. These show that the twigs were terminated by three leaves or leaflets springing from a com- mon base, while below this there may be one or several pairs placed opposite. The principal interest connected with this plant is its occurrence in Greenland and New Jersey, and it has a value, therefore, quite independent of its botanical relations. Whether it should be referred to the genus Thinnfeldia is doubtful, and even if it should belong there its botanical relations would not yet be ascertained. The genus was described by Ettingshausen, who considered it as nearly related to Phyllocladus, while Schenk considers it a cyead, and Schimper and Saporta regard it as a fern. No fruit or flowers have been found in connection with the Amboy leaves, but the aspect which they present is not quite that of any known ferns. The nervation is fine, regular, parallel, the side branches diverging from the midrib and generally running straight to the margins, but sometimes, as in fig. 16, passing to the upper end. BaleRA INCURVATA Heer’. Pl. X, fig. 6. Baiera incurvata Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. II, p. 45, Pl. XTII, fig. 6. In his Flora Fossilis Arctica (loc. cit.) Professor Heer describes and illustrates a species of Baiera with which we might readily identify the plant now figured, except that the curvature of the summit of the frond is not distinetly marked in that. This, however, seems to me more likely to be an accidental character, the result of violence, as among all the species of Baiera no other exhibits a tendency to such a flexure of the frond. As DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 61 we have but a single specimen of our plant, and the one described by Heer seems to have been unique, satisfactory comparison can not yet be made. The resemblances are such, however, between the Greenland plant and our own that it has seemed better to consider them identical until such time as differences shall be discovered. Locality: Woodbridge. CZEKANOWSKIA CAPILLARIS Newb. n. sp. Pl. IX, figs. 14, 15, 16. With some hesitation I have referred to this genus a considerable number of specimens that have been taken from the Amboy Clays. They consist of bundles or masses of linear or capillary leaves, 8°" to 10°™ in length, which are for the most part single, but sometimes dichotomously forked. They exhibit no structure, but apparently spring from a common root or origin, and have the aspect of the bundles of leaves which have been described by Heer under the name of Czekanowskia dichotoma (Fl. Hoss oct. Vol. VL Abin Tp l4, PEL fie 12b;° Pl. I fig. 1). As forming a distinct element in the Amboy Clay flora, it seems to me proper that they should be mentioned, that hereafter they may receive such atten- tion as may determine their botanical relations. The leaves are thin and if matted and confused together might be taken for a Contervites, but they are straight or gently curved, single, and parallel, and have nothing of the filamentous, irregular character of the fibers of Conferva. Locality: Woodbridge. Coniferz. Miscellaneous Notes. 1. In Dr. Newberry’s Later Extinct Floras (Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., Vol. IX, 1868, p. 9), the name Cupressites Cookii occurs, credited to New Jersey. I do not find, however, that he elsewhere mentions this species, nor have I been able to discover any specimen so labeled in the collection. 2. On Pl. IX, fig. 10, of this monograph, may be seen a branch of a conifer with a cone attached. I could find no manuscript relating to it, the specimen had no label attached, and no satisfactory comparison could be made with any described species. Its affinities appear to be with the 62 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. Abietineze, but beyond this I have not felt justified in proceeding, and have decided to admit it without further comment—A. H. ANGIOSPERM 2. DICOTY LEDONEA:, Order JUGLANDACE. JueLans arctica Heer?. Pl. XX, fig. 2. Juglans arctica Heer, Fl. Foss, Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. I, p. 71, Pl. XL, fig. 2; Pl. XLT, fig. 4c; Pl. XLII, figs. 1, 2a, b, 3; Pl. XLII, fig. 3. Among the fossil leaves collected, a single one, almost complete and beautifully preserved, seems to be different from anything else in the col- lection. I have given a figure of it and refer it provisionally to the above- named species. This will be found represented in a number of figures in Heer’s Flora Fossilis Arctica (loc. cit.). These figures differ considerably among themselves, the first one especially representing the base of a much broader and more rigid leaf than the others; but Professor Heer doubtless had other material which guided him in his union of these specimens as one species. The figures given on Pl. XLII are very much more like our plant, and fig. 1, although imperfect at the summit, is nearly its counterpart. With this are the aments and a nut which seem to justify fully the reference of the leaves to Juglans. Locality: Woodbridge. Order MYRICACEAS, Myrica EMARGINATA Heer?. Pl. XLI, figs. 10, 11. Myrica emarginata Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. IT, p. 66,,P1. XLI, fig. 2; Pl. XLVI, fig. 12e. Although our specimens have not the exact obovate outline of Heer’s species, as represented in Flora Fossilis Arctica, Vol. VI, Abth. I, PL XLI, fig. 2, the comparison seems to be sufficiently close to warrant a provisional reference to it. No indication of name or locality accompanied these figures or their corresponding specimens.—A. H. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 63 Myrica PaRvULA Heer. Pl. XIX, fig. 6. Myrica (Comptonia) parvula Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VII, p. 20, Pl. LV, figs. 1-3. One complete leaf is the only specimen of the species contained in our collections. It resembles very closely, though exceeding somewhat in size, the leaves which are figured and described by Heer in his Flora Fossilis Arctica, Vol. VII, p. 20, Pl. LV, figs. 1-3, and it evidently belongs to a closely allied species of the same genus, if not to this one. Professor Heer describes on p. 77 of the same volume, and figures on Pl. LXXI, fig. 12, a fragment of a leaf to which he gives the name of Myrica (Comptonia) par- vifolia. This is so similar to the last described that it is difficult to see why they should be separated. So fig. 9 on the same plate, named Myrica borealis, may very well have been a leaf from the same tree. Locality: Sayreville. Myrica Newserryana Hollick, n. sp Pl. XLII, fig. 5. Leaf about 3 in length by 1™ or more wide, summit blunt-pointed, base unknown, margins undulate; nervation rather clear, but fine, midrib strong, side branches given off at a large angle, curving upward and inosculating near the margin. Only two or three fragments of this species have been obtained, but, though allied in appearance to M. fenestrata, it differs from that in the fineness, curvature, and divisions of the lateral nerves. Locality: South Amboy. Myrica FENESTRATA Newb. n. sp. Pl. XLII, fig. 32. Leaf lanceolate, blunt-pointed, 4°%™ long by 1™ wide, margins undu- ; ’ D J to) late; nervation strong, lateral nerves given off from the midrib nearly at a 1 Dr. Newberry’s manuscript name for this species was Myrica undulata, but as Schimper has transferred the Dryandroides undulata of Heer to the genus Myrica, the names become identical. No species of this genus having been hitherto named for Dr. Newberry, this one may be so designated.— ACHE 64 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. right angle and passing directly to or near the margin, thus dividing all the area of the leaf into quadrangular spaces. Only one specimen of this peculiar little leaf has been found. It presents the general aspect of Myrica, but is distinct from any other species with which it has been compared. The specimen figured is detective, and may be but an impertect representation of the species. It is, however, different from any other in the collection, and therefore it deserves to be mentioned. Locality: Sayreville. Myrica CINNAMOMIFOLIA Newb. n. sp. Pl. XXII, figs. 9-14. Leaves long-petioled, oblong-lanceolate in outline, sometimes panduri- form, abruptly narrowed to a point at base and summit, margins deeply lobed, lobes one, two, or three on a side, rounded, obtuse; nervation fine and regular, midrib straight, well-defined from base to summit; from this, at or near the base of the leaf, spring two strong lateral nerves which reach to or beyond the middle of the leaf or terminate in the lower main lobes; from the middle upward, secondary nerves are given off, which terminate in the lobes of the lateral margins and connect with each other by many inosculating branches. Of these peculiar leaves quite a number are contained in the collec: tion, but none is absolutely complete. Where nothing but the basal portion of the leaf is preserved, almost anyone would refer it to Cimmamomum, but all the cinnamons known have entire leaves, and yet there is an air about the plant that makes it difficult to believe that there is not some relationship between them. Some of the Myricas are not unlike these, and I would especially call attention to the resemblance between Myrica parvula Heer (FI. Foss. Arct., Vol. VII, p. 20, Pl. LV, figs. 1-3) and the leaf referred to this species and represented in this monograph on Pl. XIX, fig. 6; yet the two basilar side nerves so characteristic of Cinnamomum are not, to my knowledge, found in any species of Myrica, and hence the reference to that genus is made with great mental reservation and is strictly provi- sional. In fig. 9 of Pl. XXII simply the base of the leaf is figured, and DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 65 here the resemblance to Cinnamomum will strike any observer; fig. 12 rep- resents the panduriform variety of the leat, while fig. 11 shows a summit— the most complete of any found. Localities: Woodbridge, South Amboy. Myrica acura Hollick n. sp. Pl. XLII, fig. 35. Leaf about 3™ long by 1™ wide, lanceolate, acute, sharply and irreg- ularly denticulate in the upper part of the margin, lower part entire; second- aries leaving the midrib at a wide angle, bending upward sharply near the margin, anastomosing and connecting by cross veining. This species is represented only by the upper two-thirds of a single leaf, so that the characters of the lower part have not been determined No indication of locality or probable botanical affinities accompanied the figure or specimen.—A. H. Myrica RARITANENSIS Hollick n. sp. Pl. XLU, fig. 34. Leaf about 32™" long by 12" or 13™" wide, broadest in middle and tapering acutely to both ends, margins dentate in upper half of leaf, entire below; nervation obscure, sparse, and thin. Dr. Newberry left no indication as. to his ideas concerning: its prob- able relationship or any information as to the exact locality where it was found.—A. H. Order SALICACE. Poputus? apicutata Newb. n. sp. Pl. XV, figs. 3, 4. Leaves round-ovoid or ovate; 8°™ to 12° in length by 6°™ or 7™ in breadth, pointed or acuminate at summit, rounded or slightly wedge- shaped at base, petioled, margins entire; nervation delicate, midrib slender, slightly flexuous, lateral branches about six on a side, gently curved upward and uniting in a festoon near the margin. These leaves have been placed in Populus with much hesitation. They are not three-nerved, as are most leaves of that genus, and the ner- MON XXV1——d 66 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS, yation is more flowing and simple, less contorted and tangled, than in any species of the genus Populus known to me. They closely resemble, how- ever, those leaves found in the Upper Cretaceous of Greenland which have been called by Professor Heer P. hyperborea and P. Berggren (Fl. Foss. Aret., Vol. VI, Abth. II, pp. 63, 64), and since no generic relationship that is more plausible suggests itself, perhaps it is well enough to leave them there for the time being. Locality: Woodbridge. SALIX PROTEMFOLIA Lesq. JEG SVAN, Kas oh ee Salix protewfolia Lesg., Am. Jour, Sci., 2d series, Vol. XLVI, p. 94; Cret. Fl., p. 60, Pl. V, tigs. 1-4. In the figures cited above are represented two slabs of clay upon the surtace of which are spread out twigs and leaves of a willow which I have been unable to distinguish from Salix proteefolia Lesq. (Cret. FL, p. 60, Pl. V, figs. 1-4), and yet, as the nervation is too imperfectly represented in both the impressions in the Dakota group and those from the Amboy Clays, it is impossible to insist upon the identification. It is manifest, however, that this species differs from Salix membranacea from the same beds in having the base wedge-shaped instead of rounded. Further com- parisons will be necessary before the relations of these leaves to the genus Salix and to the species with which they have been compared can be satis- factorily determined. Locality: Woodbridge. SALIX MEMBRANACEA Newb. Pl. XXIX, fig. 12. Salix membranacea Newb., Later Extinct Floras, p. 19; Illustrations of Cretaceous and Tertiary Plants, Pl. I, figs. 8, Sa.' Leaves petioled, smooth and thin, lanceolate, long-pointed, rounded or abruptly narrowed at the base, near which they are produced, margins i Thereference is to the plates of an unpublished work. Twenty-six of these plates were, indeed, published in 1878, under the title Illustrations of Cretaceous and Tertiary Plants, the figures having been independently identified by Professor Lesquereux. Dr. Newberry, however, did not accept all these identifications. For example, on the above-quoted Pl. I, figs. 5-8 were referred to this species, while Dr. Newberry refers figs. 5-7 to S. cuneata (see bibliography, p. 18).—A. H. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 67 entire; medial nerve slender, often curved; secondary nerves remote, very regularly and uniformly arched from their bases, terminating in or produced along the margins until they anastomose; tertiary nerves given off at right angles, forming a uniform network of which the areoles are polygonal, often quadrate. This is a well-marked leaf of what I had supposed to be a species of Salix. Without more material this can not be proven, but the form and nervation harmonize well with that of many species of the genus. Like the leaves of many of the willows, these are frequently unsymmetrical, one side being most developed and the midrib curved. The leaf is broadest next the base, and is thence narrowed to a long and acute point. Localities: Sayreville, Woodbridge. SaLix rnaQuaLis Newb. n. sp. Pl. XViI, figs. 1, 4, 6; PI. XVII, figs. 2-7. Leaves lanceolate, long-poimted, generally broadest near base, some- times in the middle, 8°" to 12™ in length by 4™ to 5°™ wide, long-petioled to sessile, margins entire; midrib slender, generally flexuous, always or mostly eccentric, dividing the blade longitudinally into two unequal parts; secondary nerves slender, often invisible, curved upward and apparently connecting near the margins. A large number of specimens of the leaves of this plant are contained in the collection. On Pl. XVII are given six figures illustrating the pre- dominant forms. The eccentric position of the midrib is perhaps their most striking character, and this has thrown a little doubt upon the propriety of their reference to Salix and has suggested Sapindus, but the flexuous form of the leaves is much more like the willows than like Sapindus, in which the leaves are pinnately arranged, with a certain rigidity of structure. Hence, until further light is thrown upon the plant, I have thought it better to leave it in the genus Salix. Locality: Woodbridge. 68 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. Sauix Newserryana Hollick n. sp. Pl. XIV, figs. 2-7. Leaves 10™ to 15° in length by 1™ to 3°" in width, lanceolate in out- line, elongated at summit, wedge-shaped at base, petioled; finely and sharply serrate; nervation fine, invisible on the upper surface, sharply defined in the impression of the lower; medial nerve straight and strong; lateral nerves given off at an angle of about 45°, numerous, inosculating at their summits; intervals between them filled with a polygonal and relatively coarse network. These leaves are referred to Salix with doubt, although they possess the outline, nervation, and margins of some of the willows of the present day. The general appearance is somewhat like that of Celastrophyllum angustifolium, described in this monograph, but in that species the margin is crenulate, while here it is finely and sharply denticulate. Professor Heer enumerates a number of species of Salix from Greenland, but they are from the Tertiary and none trom the Cretaceous beds. Localities: Woodbridge, Sayreville, South Amboy. Saux sp.? Pl. XLII, figs. 6-8. Leaf ovate-lanceolate in outline, 3° long by 1° or more broad, entire, tapering to a point above, rounded below, short petioled; nervation obscure. These leaves have the general appearance of Salix Reana Heer, as figured in Flora Fossilis Arctica, Vol. VII, Pl. LXIX, fig. 2, but the nerv- ation in our specimens is too indistinct for definite comparison. ‘They also closely resemble Salix Hayei Lesq., although considerably smaller, as figured at Pl. ITI, fig. 7, in the Flora of the Dakota Group. The affinity of this latter species with S. Reana is noted by Professor Lesquereux, and I have thought it probable that all three species may have to be ultimately ‘Dr. Newberry, in his manuscript, called this species Salix denticulata, a name which is preoccu- pied by a Miocene species of Switzerland described by Heer. It was therefore decided to name the Amboy species after Dr. Newberry.—A. H. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 69 united under one specific name. Hence it has seemed the wisest course to leave this specific name for future determination, when more and_ better material may assist us in arriving at a definite conclusion. The exact locality I have not been able to ascertain—A. H. Order FAGACE. 9 Quercus JounstruPI Heer?. ial SIO, ie Te Quercus Johnstrupi Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VII, p. 24, Pl. LVI, figs. 7-10, 11, 11b, 12a. This is a somewhat obscure impression of the summit or upper half of a notched leaf which, when complete, must have been very like some of the specimens of the species to which it is provisionally referred, and which is figured and described in Heer’s Flora Fossilis Arctica (loc. cit.). Without more material it will be impossible to assert the identity of the New Jersey and Greenland plants, but they present no differences which would justify us in separating them. Locality: Sayreville. Order ULMACE. Puanera Kyowxrontana Hollick n. sp. Pl. XLII, figs. 1-4. Leaves 2.5™ to 5™ in length by 1™ to 2° in breadth, ovate, pointed; margins coarsely serrate; nervation distinct, midrib flexuous, lateral nerves numerous, simple, parallel, given off at an acute angle and terminating in the serrations of the edges. Of this little leaf quite a number of specimens are contained in the collection, but none in a very good state of preservation. They are quite elm-like in character, and closely resemble some of the species of Planera that have been described from the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks. Locality: Woodbridge. ' Named for Dr. F. H. Knowlton on information from Prof. Lester F. Ward that the name P. antiqua, which Dr, Newberry had given to this leaf, was preoccupied.—A. H. 70 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. Order MORACE. Ficus Wooutsont Newb. n. sp. Pl. XX, fig. 3; Pl XXIIL, figs. 1-6. Leaves ovate or heart-shaped, 8° or LO™ broad, 10%™ to 12°™ in length; summit pointed, base emarginate, rounded or slightly wedge-shaped; mar- gins entire; essentially three-nerved, the middle nerve being the strongest, | the basal lateral nerves reaching above the middle and giving off a series of branches which imosculate near the margins. The form and nervation of these leaves are very like those of Ficus latifolia of the Laramie group, and they apparently represent a group of species of the genus Ficus which had great development in Cretaceous times, being represented in the Laramie by F. speciosissima Ward, F. plani- costata Lesq., and F. latifolia Newb., and by F. tiliefolia Heer and F. sordida Lesq. in the Tertiary. The species is dedicated to Mr. I. H. Woolson, of the Columbia College School of Mines, who collected this, with many of the other fossil plants described in this volume. Localities: Woodbridge, Sayreville. Ficus ovata Newb. n. sp. Pl. XXIV, figs. 1-3. Leaves ovate, 8™ to 12™ in length by 4°" to 5° in width, petioled, rounded or slightly wedge-shaped at base, long-pointed above, margins entire; nervation that of /’. Woolsoni, PF’. speciosissima, ete., that is, the leaves are three-nerved, the midrib being the strongest, the lateral nerves reaching above the middle of the leaf and giving off parallel secondary branches, which inosculate in a festoon near the margin, the space between the mid- rib and lateral nerves, as well as between the secondary branches, being filled with elongated areoles formed by generally simple branches whieh span the interval. This species is evidently closely allied to 7. Woolsoni, from which it differs chiefly in its ovate and long-pointed outline. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. Wl Fig. 1 represents a large leaf, nearly entire; fig. 2, a specimen below the middle size; fig. 3, a portion of the base, to show the petiole and the blade decurrent on it. Locality: Woodbridge. Ficus myricowes Hollick n. sp. Pl. XXXII, fig. 18; Pl. XLI, figs. 8, 9. Leaves narrowly lanceolate in outline, apparently about 10° long by a little more than 2™ broad, blunt-tipped, entire; midrib straight, second- aries all of equal rank, straight, regular, parallel, and numerous, forming an angle of about 45° or greater with the midrib, connected by fine cross- veining near the margins, where they form polygonal areoles. I have decided with some hesitation to unite under this name the figures above indicated, although the imperfect base of fig. 9 and the absence of a tip in fig. 18 render accurate comparison impossible. No name or indication of locality accompanied either of the figures or jo) their corresponding specimens.—A. H. Order PROTEACE:., PersoontaA LesqueREUxIT Knowlton. Pl. XLII, fig. 16. Persoonia Lesquereuxii Kn., Fl. Dak. Gr., p. 89, Pl. XX, figs. 10-12. This is apparently a small leaf of the above species. Its identity with Persoonia is apparent, and it so closely resembles the species quoted that I have not thought it advisable to separate them. No memorandum of either name or locality accompanied the figure or the specimen.—A. H. Prersoonta spatuLtata Hollick n. sp. Pl. XLII, fig. 14. Leaf about 35™" long by 11™™ or 12™" wide at broadest part, obovate- spatulate in outline, rounded at the apex and tapering into a long, narrow 72 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. base, margin entire; nervation fine, lower nerves forming an acute angle with the midrib, upper ones more obtuse. I have not seen another specimen exactly comparable to this, either in our collection or in any from other localities, and it is with some hesitation that I have placed it in the above genus. No locality is given, and no indication appears as to Dr. Newberry’s ideas in regard to its probable botanical relations.—A. H. PROTEOIDES DAPHNOGENOIDES Heer. P]. XVII, figs. 8, 9; Pl. XXXII, figs. 11, 13, 14; Pl. XX XIII, fig. 3; Pl) XU, fig. 15. Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer, Phyllites Crétacées du Nebraska, Nouv. Mém. Soe. Helv. Sci. Nat., Vol. X XII, No. 1, 1867, p. 17, Pl. IV, figs. 9, 10. Leaves lanceolate, 15°" to 25™ long by 2° to 3°" wide, more or less abruptly narrowed to the base, gradually tapering upward to a long, acute, generally flexuous point; margins entire, surface smooth; medial nerve well marked toward base and thread-like at summit, lateral nerves slender, leav- ing the midrib at an acute angle, connected in a flowing festoon near the border; tertiary nerves forming many rounded or subquadrate areoles. The leaves represented by the figures now given and many other specimens in our collections seem to be identical with those described by Heer in his Phyllites Crétacées du Nebraska (p. 17, Pl. IV, figs. 9, 10) and figured and described more in detail by Mr. Lesquereux in his Cretaceous Flora, p. 85, Pl. XV, figs. 1,2. Such leaves are not at all uncommon in the Dakota group of the interior of the continent, and while the finer details of nervation are generally wanting, so far as observable they correspond to what we find in a rather common group of leaves in the Amboy Clays. The figures now given will serve for a comparison with those published by Heer and the still better ones given by Mr. Lesquereux. These leaves afford another point of identity between the flora of the Amboy Clays and that of the Dakota group at the West, still further strengthening the conclu- sion drawn from the other identical species that the geological level of the two formations is nearly the same. Localities: Woodbridge, Sayreville, ete. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. os | Qo Order MAGNOLIACE#. Maewouta Lacoreana Lesq.’ PUSXOVer tess ly: Leaves round-ovoid, 15°" long by 10°™ wide, blunt-pointed at summit, slightly wedge-shaped at base; nervation regular and characteristic of the genus, midrib slightly flexuous, lateral nerves almost uniformly spaced, simple until they approach the margins, when they connect in a regular and graceful festoon. We have too little material which we can consider as representing this species to insist upon its definition or classification. The two specimens represented in the figures now given are from the same locality and presum- ably represent the same species; but if so, we have no other representatives of that species, and if not, the two leaves belong to two species of which we have no other traces in the collection. Though in a somewhat different state of preservation, they agree well enough as regards their form and nervation, and it has seemed to me better to consider one the summit and the other the base of a leaf of a species of Magnolia which differs from any other in the collection by being much broader and rounder. In form and in nervation it strikingly resembles some leaves we might select of Magnolia acuminata. Locality: Woodbridge. MaGNoLIA ALTERNANS Heer?. Pl. LV, figs. 1, 2, 4, 6. Magnolia alternans Heer, Phyllites Crétacees du Nebraska, p. 20, Pl. III, figs. 2-4; Pl. IV, figs. 1, 2. I have with some hesitation considered the plant represented in the figures now given as identical with Heer’s species from the Dakota group of Nebraska, the chief difference being that in MW. alternans the leaf is wedge-shaped at the base, while in our species from the Amboy Clays ‘The original manuscript name by which Dr. Newberry designated this species is Magnolia lati- folia, n. sp. It is, however, manifestly identical with M. Lacoeana Lesq. (FI. Dak. Gr., p.201, Pl. LX, fig. 1.)—A. H. 74 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. the base is sometimes rounded and sometimes wedge-shaped. I doubt if the latter character can be insisted upon as a characteristic feature of M. alter- nans. In other respects the leaves are essentially identical. The middle nerve is strong and persistent, lateral nerves fie, generally alternating and forming a continuous and marked festoon parallel with the margin. Locality: Woodbridge. MaGNouta GLAUCOIDES Newb. n. sp. Pl. LVI, figs. 1-4. Leaves elliptical, 10 to 12° in length by 4°™ to 5™ in width, long petioled, rounded at summit, slightly wedge-shaped at base, margins entire; nervation delicate or sunk in the integument of the leaf, midrib strong, lateral nerves numerous, fine, leaving the midrib at an acute angle, uniting to form a festoon near the margin. It would be difficult for anyone to discover any marked difference between these leaves and those of the common Magnolia virginiana L. (M. glauca). The petiole is perhaps longer, but this is a variable character in the living species, and yet we should hardly be warranted in consid- ering this as identical with the common plant of our Atlantic States. Possibly in the future the fruit and foliage may be found so fully repre- sented that it may be possible to establish the identity; at present it seems better to indicate by the specific name the close resemblance between them.. Locality: Woodbridge. MaGNouia woopBRIDGENSIS Hollick n. sp.t In PO@O.Ovd ie tikes abke Je IMU iikes, Gets Leaves 12 to 18 in length by 5 to 8" in greatest breadth, long- ovate in outline, broadest near base, rounded below, blunt-pointed at summit, margins entire; nervation delicate. These leaves have somewhat the form of those of J. longifolia, but are much smaller, more wedge-shaped, broadest near the base, rapidly drawn into a narrow but obtuse summit. ‘In Dr. Newherry’s manuscript this species is named Magnolia cuneata, but as he had already given that name to a fossil plant from the Cretaceous of Orcas Island (Geol. Rept. of the Exploration of the Yellowstone and Missouri rivers, 1869, p. 163), it became necessary to change it, and it was accordingly named for the locality at which it was collected.—A. H. DESURIPTION OF SPECIES. 1G The texture of the leaf would seem to have been thin, as the margins are generally somewhat warped and the surface undulate, as though yielding readily to local pressure. Locality: Woodbridge. MAGNOLIA AURICULATA Newb. n. sp. Pl. XLI, fig. 13; Pl. LVIU, figs. 1-11. Leaves ovate, 8° to 12° long, petioled, acute or blunt-pointed, base rounded, more often auriculate, margins entire; nervation that of the Mag- nolias, viz, lateral nerves given off at a large angle, widely separated, inosculating at the ends to form a festoon parallel with the margin. I have included these leaves in the genus Magnolia with much hesita- tion. They are sharply defined, beautifully preserved, and exhibit some features unlike any others in the collection—that is, the base is generally somewhat truncated or eared, as in figs. 1, 4, 6, and 11 of Pl. LVIII, and sometimes the auriculation is peculiarly complete and exact, as in fig. 1, where the ears are symmetrical and helicoid. It is quite possible that ultimately facts will be brought to light which will require the reference of these leaves to a new genus, but since the nervation is similar to that pre- vailing among the Magnolias, and there is developed among them a marked tendency toward the auriculation of the base of the leaf, as is seen in M. Fraseri and M. macrophylla, it has seemed to me that our plant could not be far removed from this group. In studying these leaves, Aristolochia, Polygonum, and Maclura have suggested themselves. In Aristolochia we generally find a deeply cordate leaf which is sometimes almost auriculate, but the nervation is always different from that before us. In Polygonum it is common to find auriculate and hastate leaves, but the plant is herbace- ous, with thin and delicate leaves, and with a nervation different from that under consideration. In Maclura the form, consistence, and nervation of the leaves are much like these, but there is apparently no tendency to the formation of the hastate or auriculate base. Hence the weight of proba- bility seems to be in favor of Magnolia, and for the present we leave it there. In consistence the leaves seem to have had smooth surtaces and to have been rather thick. Locality: Woodbridge. 76 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. MacGnouia Loneirpes Newb. n. sp. Pl. LIV, figs. 1-3. Leaves ovate-oblong, rounded or wedge-shaped at base, obtuse at sum- mit, very long petioled; nervation open, midrib very strong, lateral nerves relatively remote and delicate, uniting above to form a festoon of large meshes parallel with the border. The most striking feature in these leaves is the length of the petiole, which sometimes reaches 12° or 13%, whereas in M. glaucoides and M. longifolia it does not exceed 5™ in length. Another distinguishing feature is the loose and open character of the secondary nervation. Locality: Woodbridge. MaGnouta LONGIFOLIA Newb. n. sp. Pl. LV, figs. 3,5; Pl. LVI, figs. 14. Leaves oblong or long-ovoid, 30™ or more in length by 10™ in width at the broadest part, petioled, base narrowed or rounded, summit subacute or obtuse; nervation characteristic of the genus, midrib strong, lateral nerves nearly uniform in strength, running parallel toward the margin, there uniting in a festoon or rather large loops. Between the principal lateral nerves issue shorter secondary nerves which branch at the summit and are lost among the areoles of the tertiary nervation. I include in this species a group of quite large Magnolia leaves, of which a fair idea can be obtained from the figures now given. These leaves are so large that we have never succeeded in taking out one of them entire; yet in fig. 1 on Pl. LVI we have what is approximately the full form of the leaf. The summit belonged to a different leaf from the base, but the por- tion represented corresponds very nearly to that which was broken away. Locality: Woodbridge. Genus LirR1IopENDRON Linneeus. The genus Liriodendron, as all botanists know, is represented in the living flora by a single species, ‘the tulip tree,” which is confined to eastern America, and a doubtful variety, from eastern Asia, L. tulipifera chinense. It isamagnificent tree—on the whole, the finest in our forests. Its DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. (26 cylindrical trunk, sometimes 10 feet in diameter, carries it beyond all its associates in size, while the beauty of its glossy lyre-shaped leaves and tulip-like flowers is surpassed only by that of the flowers and foliage of its first cousin, Magnolia grandiflora. That a plant so splendid should stand quite alone in the vegetation of the present day excited the wonder of the earlier botanists, but the Sassafras, the sweet gum, and the great Sequoias of the far West afford similar examples of isolation, and the latter are still more striking illustrations of solitary grandeur. Before the study of fossil plants threw its light upon the history of our living flora such cases admitted of no satisfactory explanation, but we now know that all the trees enumerated above, with our magnolias, button-ball, and deciduous cypress, are relics of the golden age of North American vegetation; of a time when a genial climate prevailed all the way to the Arctic Sea, and when a well-watered and fertile soil supported forests in which our now lonely giants lived surrounded by brothers, cousins, and more distant relatives as gigantic as themselves, and all combined to form the greatest forest growth the world has ever seen. But this glorious sum- mer, which continued perhaps a million of years, and created or fostered all the noblest forms of forest life that have come down to us, and many perhaps nobler that have perished, was followed by a winter of correspond- ing severity and duration—the Ice age—in which snows and glaciers spread from Greenland and Alaska southward until two-thirds of the con- tinent was under snow and ice. All the region north of New York and Cincinnati was then changed from a paradise to a howling wilderness, where not a trace remained of the luxuriant vegetation that before covered the surface, or of the varied fauna that was associated with it, except where leaves, trunks, and bones, relies of earlier generations, were buried in rock or soil too deep to be reached by the grinding glacier or the burrowing torrent. These relics we have disinterred on Greenland, Disco Island, on the McKenzie River, and in Alaska, as well as at many places farther south, as in the country bordering the Columbia, or the Missouri, and in New Jersey and Virginia. Seven quarto volumes filled with descriptions and plates of fossil plants constitute the contribution that Prof. Oswald Heer has made in his Flora Fossilis Arctica to our knowledge of the veg- etation that covered the circumpolar lands before the Ice age, and an equal 78 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. mass of material has been gathered by Lesquereux, Ward, Fontaine, and the writer, as a preparation for the work of illustrating the wonderfully rich Cretaceous and Tertiary flora of North America. Although but a beginning has yet been made, already the remains of at least a thousand distinet species of arborescent plants have been brought to light. The botanical relations of many, perhaps most of these, are yet to be accu- rately determined, but the general character of the vegetation which covered our continent in the later geological ages has certainly been ascertained, and much light has been thrown on the derivation and history of our present flora. With the facts before us we are fully warranted in making the state- ment that our angiosperm flora began its existence on this continent in early Cretaceous times; that even then its present aspects were distinetly developed, and subsequent changes have been rather of degree than of kind. In the banishment of our Tertiary flora from the great area it once oceupied, and its restriction to the narrow space at the south into which it was foreed, many of its finest elements were destroyed; and when, with an amelioration of climate, the exiles returned to that portion of their former home again opened to them, they came as a handful repre- senting a host, perhaps as solitary species, remnants of generic groups that had mostly perished by the way. Among these survivors the Sequoias stand first in magnitude and interest, and their story has been admirably told by Dr Gray in his Sequoia and its History. Gingko and Platanus have been described by Prof. Lester F. Ward in several memoirs. The Liriodendron, the Magnolias, the Liquidambar, the Cypress, and the Sassafas will also, I hope, have their biographers, and to aid in the task of one of these I ncw give some of the facts which have come to my knowledge in regard to the history of our lyre-leaved tulip tree. At least two species of Liriodendron are indicated by leaves found in the Amboy Clays—Middle Cretaceous—of New Jersey, and others have been obtained from the Dakota group, from the Upper Cretaceous strata of Greenland, and the Laramie of the West. Though differing considerably among themselves in size and form, all these have the deep sinus of the DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 79 upper extremity so characteristic of the genus, and the nervation is also essentially the same. Hence we must conclude that the genus Lirioden- dron, now represented by a single species, was in the Cretaceous age much more largely developed, having many species, and those scattered through- out many lands. In the Tertiary age the genus continued to exist, but the species seem to have been reduced to one, which is hardly to be distin- guished from that now living. In many parts of Europe leaves of the tulip tree have been found, and it extended as far south as Italy. Its presence there was first made known by Unger in his Synopsis (p. 232) and in his Genera et Species (p. 443), where he describes it under the name of Liriodendron Procaccinii. Later it was mentioned by Massalongo (Studii FI. Foss. Senigall., p. 311) and Heer (Urwelt der Schweiz, p. 332), and it is enumerated and figured among the fossil plants of Iceland by Heer in his Flora Fossilis Arctica, Vol. I, p.151, Pl. X XVI, fig. 7b; Pl. X XVII, figs. 5-8; and from the Tertiary of Greenland, Vol. VII, Pork Bl LXXXIII. Leaves of similar form are described and figured in Heer’s Flora Tertiaria Helvetize, Vol. III, p. 29, Pl. CVIII, fig. 6, with the name of Liriodendron helveticum Fisch.; also Ettingshausen, in his Flora v. Bilin., Part III, p. 9, Pl. XLI, fig. 10, deseribes a fragment which he names L. Haueri. All these are, however, so much like the living species that it is impossible to distinguish them, and they should probably be united with it. We here have a striking illustration of the wide distribution of a species which has retained its characters both of fruit and leaf quite unchanged throughout long migrations and an enormous lapse of time. In Europe the tulip tree, like many of its American associates, seems to have been destroyed by the cold of the Ice age, the Mediterranean cutting off its retreat; but in America it migrated southward over the southern extension of the continent, and returned northward again with the amelioration of the climate. Of the species of Liriodendron found in the Dakota group of Kansas, the leaves of one, L. primevum Newb. (Later Extinct Floras of North America, etc, Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist., Vol. IX, p. 12), are much like those of the living species, but considerably smaller. Another species (L. Meekit Heer) has small, fiddle-shaped leaves. Professor Heer considers this 80 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS, identical with L. primevum, but the form is quite different, and no connect- ing links have been found. Professor Heer also unites with L. Meekii some ovate emarginate leaves from the Dakota and Greenland strata, to which he formerly gave the names Phyllites obcordatus and Leguminosites Marcouanus ; but it is by no means certain that they were borne by the same tree that carried the leaves called Liriodendron Meekii. Indeed, the probabilities are against it, since no intermediate forms have been found, and none of the panduritorm leaves of L. Meekii have been obtained from Greenland, where obovate, entire, or emarginate leaves similar to those given the above names do occur, and also many of the emarginate, oblong-ovoid, or lanceolate leaves which I have called Liriodendropsis simplex. Several additional species of Liriodendron are enumerated by Mr. Lesq- uereux among the fossil plants of the Dakota group, viz: L. giganteum Lesq., L. intermedium Lesq. (Cret. F1., p. 93, Pl. XX, fig. 5; Pl. XXII, fig. 2), Z. acuminatum Lesq., L. cruciforme Lesq., L. semi-alatum Lesq., L. pinnatifidum Lesq. (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Vol. VI, No. 6, p. 227). As only the first two are figured, and these from fragments, and the others very briefly described, I am unable to make any satisfactory use of this important material in tracing the life history of the genus. I have’ elsewhere reported as a remarkable tact that among all the great collections of Laramie and Eocene plants made in Washington, Wyo- ming, and Colorado, and in the country bordermg the upper Missouri, not a single leaf of Liriodendron had yet been identified. Since then a frag- mentary specimen has been described from the Laramie strata, Point of Rocks, Wyo., by Prof. Lester F. Ward (Bull. 37, U.S. Geol. Survey, p. 102, Pl. XLVIII, fig. 2), and during the summer of 1889 numerous leaves of a marked species of this genus were obtained by Mr. R. C. Hills from the Lower Laramie at Walsenberg, Colo” Thus another link in the chain has been supplied. Norr.—At the time when the above was written the Flora of the Dakota Group, as edited by Dr. Knowlton from Professor Lesquereux’s manuscript, had not been published, and Dr. Newberry never saw the still further development of this genus as there depicted.— A. H. ‘Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. XIV, p. &. 2. alatum Newb., Hollick in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. XXI, p. 467, Pl. CCXX.—A. H. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 81 LIRIODENDRON QUERCIFOLIUM Newb. Pl. LI, figs. 1-6. Liriodendron quercifolium Newberry, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. XIV, January, 1887, p. 6, Pl. LXII, fig. 1. Leaves large, 15°" long by 10° broad, long petioled, base horizontal or slightly cordate, summit deeply emarginate, sides bearing each three or four pointed, sometimes spatulate lobes, separated by narrow sinuses which reach nearly to the midrib; nervation regular, midrib straight or curved, terminating at the bottom of the sinus of the summit, strong side branches traversing each lobe and terminating in the point between these more delicate, generally simple branchlets. The general form of these leaves is considerably like that of some of the oaks, Quercus alba, Q. nigra, etc., a character which has suggested the name. The strong terminal emargination and the nervation sufiice, however, at once to separate them from Quercus and bring them into Liriodendron. As will be seen by the figures now given, there is consid- erable diversity in these leaves, some having broader lobes and shallower sinuses, approaching the form of those of L. oblongifolium, with which they are associated in the Amboy Clays. As a whole, they show a variation from the leaves of the living species in an opposite direction from those of L. oblongifolium, the latter bemg more simple in outline, oblong in form, with small points or lobes on the sides, whereas these are much more deeply lobed. Locality: Woodbridge. LIRIODENDRON OBLONGIFOLIUM Newb. Pl. LI, figs. 1-5. Liriodendron oblongifolium Newberry, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. XTV, January, 1887, jos My ded OPEL, saves al Leaves 15™ to 20™ in length by 10™ to 12 in breadth, oblong in outline, long petioled, base rounded, square, or slightly cordate, summit deeply emarginate, sides bearing three or more obtuse or acute points, sep- arated by shallow sinuses; nervation distinct, moderately strong, midrib MON XXVI——6 82 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. straight, terminating in the bottom of the sinus of the upper extremity, lateral nerves nearly straight, parallel, forming two series, the stronger ones separated by intervals from 6"™" to 12" broad, branching and inosculating at their extremities, and forming a series of loops near the margin; between these are shorter and more delicate nerve-branches, which are usually simple and equally divide the interspaces. Unfortunately, but few of these leaves have been found, and none of them are quite perfect. Together, however, they are sufficient to determine the general form and nervation. Their resemblance to the leaves of the living species, L. tulipifera, is striking, but the form is more oblong. In the living species the lobes of the margin are quite variable; generally the basal pair are much developed, and above these a deep sinus on each side leads up to the terminal points. Not infrequently, however, we find two and sometimes three points on a side, and a much nearer approach to the form of the leaves before us. The leaves of the living species are, how- ever, always shorter, and relatively broader, yet the resemblance on the whole is so close that it is impossible to avoid the conclusion that we have in these Cretaceous leaves relies of the progenitor of the living species, with all the more important characters of form and nervation already distinetly specialized. Locality: Woodbridge. Genus LirrtopenpRopsts Newberry gen. nov. Leaves ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, petiolate, base wedge-shaped or rounded, summits broadly emarginate, margins entire, sometimes undulate or slightly constricted to almost nddle-shaped; nervation crowded and fine, but distinct, midrib slender, generally flexuous, terminating in the bottom of the apical sinus; secondary nerves leaving midrib at a large angle, uniting in festoons near the margins; tertiary nervation distinct, filling the space between the secondary nerve-branches with a rather fine network; meshes elongated near the midrib, rounded or polygonal near the margins. [ have thought it best to distinguish by a new generic name a group ot leaves which are numerous in the Amboy Clays and the Atane beds of Greenland. They have been hitherto included in the genus Liriodendron DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 83 by Professor Heer and myself, but while they are evidently related to the tulip tree, their simple ovate or lanceolate form, relatively small size, and strongly marked, reticulated nervation separate them into a group by themselves possessing characters which seem to have more than a specific value. LIRIODENDROPSIS SIMPLEX Newb. IAL OS, igs, Bo wig IEG IUIQUIS tikes ale tc Liriodendron simplex Newberry, in part, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club., Vol. XTV, 1887, p. 6, Pl. LXII, figs. 2, 3. Leaves 8™ to 10° in length, long petioled, ovate-lanceolate in outline, sometimes undulate to slightly fiddle-shaped or constricted, from 3° to 6° in width at the broadest part, summit emarginate, wedge-shaped; nervation fine but distinct, midrib strong, terminating abruptly in the sinus of the summit, lateral branches forming two sets, the first and larger being sepa- rated by intervals of about 6™", branching near their extremities, and anastomosing to form a coarse network along the border; the spaces between these divided unequally by one or several smaller, shorter, and generally simple nerve-branches which run parallel with the large ones, sometimes connecting with the exterior network; all the spaces between the lateral nerves occupied by a relatively coarse reticulation. Although so different from the leaves described under the names of Liriodendron oblongifolium and L. quercifolium, these have in common with them the peculiar angular emargination so characteristic of the genus, and essentially the same nervation. The more elongate and lanceolate form represented on Pl. LILI, figs. 3, 4, occurs in considerable numbers, and apparently represents a distinet species, but others are broader and more ovate or irregular in outline, like those represented on Pl. XIX, figs. 2, 3; Poors) 2 i. Professor Heer, in his Flora Fossilis Arctica, Vol. VI, Abth. II, Pl. XXII, has represented a number of leaves which apparently belong to the same species with those now under consideration. All these he regards as varieties of L Meekii, first described by him from the Dakota sandstones, but it seems to me that they do not represent either of the two forms 84 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. from the Dakota group, neither of which has yet been found in Greenland. Hence, until more material shall show the simple, ovate, or lanceolate forms to be connected by insensible gradations with others, I must regard them as specifically distinct. Locality: Woodbridge. LIRIODENDROPSIS ANGUSTIFOLIA Newb. n. sp. Pl. LIL, fig. 8. Liriodendron simplex Newberry, in part, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. XIV, 1887, p. 6, Pl. LXII, fig. 4. Among the elongated leaves that have been credited to Liriodendropsis a large number occur in the collection which are well represented by fig. 8. They may be surmised to be but varieties of Liriodendropsis simplex, but the outline is so different, so narrow and elongated, that it has seemed to me improbable that they belonged to the same tree. For the present at least, therefore, I have thought it best to consider them representatives of a dis- tinct species. In some places the clay is literally packed with them, pre- senting essentially the same outlines, and there can be no doubt that if a new variety it was a permanent variety and such as deserves to be desig- nated by a distinct name. Order MENISPERMACE. MeNISPERMITES BOREALIS Heer?. Pl. L, figs. 1-6. Menispermites borealis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. II, p. 91, Pl. XXXTX, fig. 2. Many fragments of leaves have been found which I have been inclined to refer to this species. Unfortunately, Professor Heer’s deseription was founded upon a single fragment of a large leaf, which failed to give to him a clear idea of its outline and structure. It was, however, apparently unsymmetrical, and, so far as we can judge from so little material, must have been similar in outline and nervation to the leaves figured on Pl. L. These are triangular in outline, with the midrib much nearer one side than the other, as though one-half of a large cordate leaf had been developed at g } On DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. € the expense of the other side. Professor Heer’s leaf would seem to have been very much of the same character; so provisionally I unite them. Fig. 3 gives nearly the entire outline of the leaf. It will be seen to have somewhat the shape of Menispermites obtusiloba Lesq. (Cret. F1., p- 94, Pl. XXV, fig. 1; Pl. XXVI, fig. 3), with which Heer compares his plant; but our leaves are smaller, are more decidedly unsymmetrical, and have entire margins. Supposing Heer’s figure to represent a normal leaf of his species, those we find in New Jersey are too closely allied to it to permit us, with- out more material, to separate them. Locality: Woodbridge. Menispermites Warpranus Hollick n. sp. Pl. XXIX, figs. 9, 11. Leaves about 8" long by 4™ broad at widest part, unsymmetrical in shape, the midrib being nearer to the concave side, strongly triple-nerved, and with a subsidiary nerve near the convex margin, giving the appear- ance of unequal quadruple nervation; margins entire, apex pointed, base cuneate. In placing these specimens under the above genus I have followed Dr. Newberry’s probable disposition of them as indicated by his comparison of other similar unsymmetrical leaves with this genus. (See Pl. L of this monograph.) The specific name is given in honor of Prof. Lester F. Ward, of the United States Geological Survey. Aerie Exact locality not recorded. Order LAURACE. Laurus pLuronta Heer. Bl eV figs: 10.10: Laurus puitonia Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. I, p. 75, Pl. XIX, figs. 1d, 2, 3, 4; Pl. XX, figs. 3a, 4-6; Pl. XXIV, fig. 6b; Pl. XXVIIL, figs. 10, 11; Pl. XLII, fig. 4b; Vol. VII, p. 30, Pl. LVILL, fig. 2; Pl. LX, fig. 1a. The numerous figures given by Professor Heer of his species are so fragmentary that they leave much to desire in reference to the form 86 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. and nervation of the leaves. Among our Amboy Clay fossils there are, however, a number of lanceolate leaves which resemble so closely those figured by Heer as to lead me to refer them to his species. As a general rule our leaves are broader in proportion to their length, but this is the only perceptible difference. LAUROPHYLLUM MINUS Newb. n. sp. Pl. XVI, figs. 7-9. Leaves elongate, obtuse at summit, wedge-shaped at base; midrib very strong, lateral nervation invisible, indicating a thick and coriaceous leaf. In general form and consistence these leaves approach those which have been described under this generic name, and which are so common in the Dakota sandstone. For the present I have thought best to associate them, although the generic affinities are yet doubtful. LAUROPHYLLUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Newb. n. sp. Pl. XVII, figs. 10, 11. Leaves 12° to 15™ in length by 2 wide, long lanceolate, widest above, summit subacute, base wedge-shaped, short petioled, margins entire, straight, pronounced; secondary nervation delicate, often invisible; general surface smooth. We have in our collections a group of very symmetrical, lance-linear leaves, of which the smooth surface, the coriaceous texture, the symmetrical outline, and strong midrib are features which ally them to Laurophyllum. I therefore provisionally place them in that genus, giving them a specific name indicating their narrowness. Among the leaves figured by Heer in his Flora Fossilis Arctica some of those which he has called Myrica longa (Vol. VI, Abth. TI, p. 65, PI. XXIX, figs. 15-17; Vol. VII, p. 21, ete.) resemble in form those under consideration, but others are much broader and must belong to a different species from ours. Locality: Woodbridge. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 87 LAUROPHYLLUM LANCEOLATUM Newb. n. sp. Bi XVE, figs: 1, 12: Leaves lanceolate, 10™ to 15™ in length by 2° to 3° in width, short petioled, margins entire, summit narrowed to an obtuse or rounded point, base wedge-shaped; medial nerve strong, lateral nerves fine, subequal, arched upward, and connecting near the margin; surfaces smooth, consist- ence apparently coriaceous. Leaves similar to those represented in the figures cited are quite com- mon in the New Jersey clays. They may be recognized by their smooth, shining surface, the nervation for the most part lost in the parenchyma, the strong midrib, the short but robust petiole, and the narrowed but obtuse apex. In general character they agree well with the somewhat larger leaves common in the Dakota sandstones, to which Mr. Lesquereux has given the name of Lawrophyllum reticulatum, and which are rather inadequately rep- resented in his Cretaceous Flora, p. 76, Pl. XV, figs. 4, 5. The leaves were evidently thick and leathery; hence the details of the secondary and ter- tiary nervation are rarely seen. Until the fruit is found in connection with these leaves, or at least until the nervation is well known, any attempt to determine their botanical relations must be unsatisfactory, but an indescrib- able something about them impresses the observer with the conviction that they belong to the laurel family. Locality: Woodbridge. SASSAFRAS ACUTILOBUM Lesq. Pl. XXV, figs. 1-10; Pl. XXVI, figs. 2-6. Sassafras acutilobum Lesq., Cret. Fl., p. 79, Pl. XIV, figs. 1, 2. One of the most common of the trilobed, sassafras-like leaves of the Amboy Clays offers no character by which I can distinguish it from S. acutilobum of the Dakota sandstones of Nebraska. A number of figures are now given illustrating the variations in size and outline, but nearly all these forms could be duplicated at the West. Velenovsky has found what seems to be this same species in the Upper Cretaceous rocks of Bohemia (Flora der Bohm. Kreidef., Part III, p. 2, Pl. I, fig. 1). Locality: Woodbridge. 88 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. SASSAFRAS PROGENITOR Newb. n. sp. Pl. XXVII, figs. 1-3. Leaves trilobed, 8° to 20 long, lobes pointed or obtuse, central lobe somewhat spatulate, base somewhat wedge-shaped; nervation and outline that of normal leaves of S. sassafras (L.) Karst. Among the trilobed leaves: which form so striking a feature in the Cretaceous flora there are several that have so strong a resemblance to our living Sassafras that they have been provisionally referred to that genus. S. cretaceum Newb. of the Dakota group has been generally accepted as a Sassafras, while some authors, noting the tendency of these sassafras-like leaves to run into those more like the living palmate-leaved Aralias, have suggested that all should be placed in a provisional genus, Araliopsis. It is doubtless wise to avoid hasty generalization or positive assertion in regard to the botanical relations of plants which have left us only their foliary appendages, in better or worse state of preservation. There can be little doubt, however, that in the present case the assumption that we have here the remains of a species of Sassafras very closely allied to the living one is well founded. A glance at the outlines and nervation of the three figures which have been cited will show so close a resemblance to the living Sas- safras as to make a generic separation of these two plants unwarranted. When it is remembered that our common Sassafras stands alone in our flora, it is evident that its history reaches far back into the past, and, as in the case of the tulip tree and sweet gum, we must look for its kindred in the remains of the forests of the Tertiary and Upper Cretaceous periods. Doubtless we shall sooner or later find the fruit connected with the leaves, and thus have all our doubts put at rest. Locality: Woodbridge. SASSAFRAS HASTATUM Newb. n. sp. Pl. XXVII, figs. 4-6; Pl. XXVIU, figs. 1, 2; Pl. XL, fig. 4. Leaves trilobed, lobes conical, entire, middle one largest, lateral lobes nearly horizontal, giving a hastate outline to the leaf. Very considerable diversity is seen in the forms of the leaves which I have united in this species, and perhaps they should be separated into two DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 89 or more groups. The normal form of the hastate leaf is seen in Pl. XX VII, fig. 6; Pl. XXVIII, figs. 1, 2; but occurring with these are forms like figs. 4 and 5, Pl. XX VII, in which the lateral lobes are turned up and there is a near approach to the form of S. progenitor. There is, however, so wide a difference between the prevailing forms of these halberd-shaped leaves and others with which they are associated that it seems necessary to regard them as forming a distinct species. Locality: Woodbridge. CINNAMOMUM INTERMEDIUM Newb. n. sp. Pl. XXIX, figs. 1-8, 10. Leaves symmetrically lance-oval or lentiform, petioled, 10°™ to 12™ in length and 3° to 4°™ in width, blunt-pointed at summit, narrowed to the base; nervation strong, lateral nerves springing from the midrib either at oe oft the base or a little above and reaching almost to the summit, giving lateral branches from the base up, which unite to form a festoon parallel with the edge. On the inside the branches from the midrib are delicate and inconspicuous until above the middle; three or four alternate pairs are then given off, which converge in a festoon to the summit. The leaves of this species of Cinnamomum are intermediate in character between those of C. mississippiense, C. Heerii, and C. affine, all of Lesque- reux, which have the base broad and rounded, and C. sezannense Wat. and C. Scheuchzert Heer. They have more the form of C. ellipsoidewm Sap. et Mar., Révision de la Flore Heersienne de Gelinden, p. 61, Pl. IX, figs. 7-9, but are larger, generally more wedge-shaped at the base, are longer peti- oled, and in cases have the lateral nerves brought much nearer the point. If, however, they had been found in the same country and beds of the same age, I should feel compelled to consider them as but forms of that species. Localities: Woodbridge, Sayreville. 90 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. Order ROSACEA. Prunus? acurtrotia Newb. n. sp. Pl, XIV, fig. 1. Leaf ovate, acute at summit, slightly wedge-shaped at base, margims serrate; nervation unknown; dimensions, about 4°" long by 2 to 3° wide. The name given above is applied to a unique and imperfect leaf, and one which presents all the ordinary characters of Prunus, and yet it is far from being conclusive evidence of the presence of this genus in the Amboy flora. Doubtless other leaves of the kind will be hereafter found which will throw some light upon the question of its botanical relations. Locality: Woodbridge. Order LEGUMINOS. HyMen®A DAKOTANA Lesq. Pl. XLI, fig. 14. Hymenea dakotana Lesquereux, Fl. Dak. Gr., p. 145, Pl. LY, figs. 2, 3; Pl. LVI, figs. 1, 2; Pl. LXIL, fig. 2. This species is represented by the single specimen as above indicated. I am unable to separate it from the species described and figured under this name by Lesquereux in Flora of the Dakota Group, p. 145, rea LAY fies. 2, 3. Dr. Newberry left no memorandum of any description concerning this specimen iN, Jel DALBERGIA APICULATA Newb. n. sp. Pl. XLII, figs. 17-19. em Leaves 2 to 5™ in length, quite unsymmetrical, narrowed to the base, which is sessile or short petioled, expanded and rounded above, with a peculiar point at the summit. Among the numerous smaller leaves contained in the collection there are a few which have the general character attributed to Dalbergia by Heer. These are represented on Pl. XLII, figs. 17, 18, and perhaps 19. As they DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 9] are quite distinct from any other leaves in the collection, I have thought best to designate them by the above name. Locality: Woodbridge. BAUHINIA CRETACEA Newb. Pl, XLII, figs. 1-4; Pl. XLIV, figs. 1-3. Bauhinia eretacea Newberry, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, Vol. XIII, New York, May, 1886, p. 77, PI. LVI, fig. 5. Leaves large, from 10°™ to 18° in diameter, general outline circular, deeply two-lobed, sinus reaching below the middle, margin entire, base rounded, lobes oblong or broadly spatulate; nervation strong, radiate or bilateral, midrib slender, from 1™ to 4°™ in leneth, running to bottom of medial sinus, there forking equally, each slender branch running’ parallel with the margin of the sinus; lateral nerves strong, usually two, rarely one on each side, springing from a common base, the interior lateral nerve strongest, forking several times and giving off fine branches, which inoscu- late to form a graceful festoon near the upper margin; the exterior lateral nerves throwing off numerous branches which anastomose in loops near the margin, producing a camptodrome nervation. In those which have but a single lateral nerve the lobes are narrower, and each is covered with the ramifications of the branches, which spring chiefly from the outer side of the single main nerve. The form and nervation of these leaves are so precisely those of some of the Bauhinias of the present flora that there can be no reasonable doubt that we here have the remains of a well-marked species of this genus, which grew near the mouth of the Hudson River in the middle of the Cretaceous age, and was the associate of the Magnolias, tulip trees, Aralias, etc., which composed the angiosperm forest of eastern North America. In size some of these leaves exceed those of any living Bauhinia, and the outline and nervation indicate that the genus was as perfectly defined and highly specialized in the Cretaceous age as now. The living Bauhinias inhabit the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old and New Worlds, India, Mauritius, Surinam, Cuba, Mexico, ete. The genus is closely related to Cercis, and most of the species have a 92 THAR FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. similar habit. In a few the leaves are orbicular or slightly emarginate, but they are generally bilobed, the sinus reaching the middle of the leaf, sometimes extending to the base, as is the case with the only species inhabiting the United States, B. lanarioides Gray of Texas and Mexico. In most of the East India species the nervation is more crowded than in the fossil leaves before us, each nerve having three and sometimes four lateral nerves, the medial nerve, however, being quite the same. In several oriental species, and all those of the New World, the nervation is simpler and especially like that of the fossil. In the Texan species the leaves are generally divided to the base, and the medial nerve is therefore obsolete; the lateral nervation is, however, precisely that of our fossil. As the depth of the sinus is a variable character, differing greatly in the leaves of the same tree, it is quite possible that Bauhinia lunarioides is only a dwarfed and slightly modified descendant of the Cretaceous species. Prof. Oswald Heer, in his Flora Fossilis Arctica, Vol. VII, p. 45, Pl. LX, fig. 4a, describes and figures, under the name Diphyllites membranaceus, a bilobed leaf which in general form is much like those I have called Bauhinia cretacea, but the nervation as given by Heer is quite different. The leaf is divided to within an inch of the base, and a slender nerve, which would be the midrib in an ovate or lanceolate leaf, reaches nearly to the sinus, there forking symmetrically, the branches running near the margins of the sinus on either side. So far we have the nervation of Bauhinia, but in Heer’s Diphyllites the lobes of the leaf are traversed by a number of lateral nerves that spring from the base. Only one specimen seems to have been seen, but I strongly suspect that when others shall be obtained in a better state of preservation the nervation will be found to be different from that figured by Heer, and that his bilobed leaf will prove to be generically if not specifically identical with those which we have in the Amboy Clays. Velenovsky has described, in the Flora der Bbhmischen Kreideforma- tion, Part IV, Vol. V, p. 12, a bilobed leaf which is almost certainly a species of Bauhinia. The specimen figured by Velenovsky, like Heer’s Diphyllites, seems to be as yet unique, and it is also evidently malformed. One of the lobes is nearly complete, and in form and nervation practically DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 93 identical with that of some species of Bauhinia, e. g., B. tomentosa, now living in India. The other lobe is not much more than half as long, is truncated, and in all probability abnormal. When other specimens are found I shall be surprised if they are not symmetrical and so much like the leaves of Bauhinia that it will be impossible to separate them from this genus. It will, however, prove to be, if generically identical with our bilobed Amboy leaves, specifically different, for the sinus extends almost to the base of the leaf. Some of the living species of Bauhinia are almost completely divided in the same way, and this is the case with Bawhinia lunarioides, as has been mentioned. Locality: Woodbridge. Bavuwinia? GiGANTEA Newb. n. sp. Pl. XX, fig. 1. Leaves large, a single lobe or leaflet, 20° long by 7°™ or 8™ wide, unsymmetrically spatulate in outline, inner margin nearly straight and entire, outer margin strongly arched and undulate; nervation distinct, con- sisting of one strong primary nerve springing from the inner margin at the base, gradually diverging from this until it becomes central in the rounded summit; lateral nerves spring from this as follows: one of medium strength at the base which follows for a time parallel with, finally approaching, the outer margin, and having a length of perhaps 5°; above this a strong lat- eral nerve is given off 2° or 3°" above the base; this arches gently upward and reaches the outer margin considerably above. the middle of the leaf; still higher smaller lateral nerves are given off to supply those portions of the leaf which lie on both sides of the primary nerve. Unfortunately, but two specimens of this interesting leaf have yet been found, only one of which is complete. This is conspicuously unsym- metrical and was probably one of a pair which combined to form a leaf not unlike those of Bauhinia cretacea, but much more deeply cut. It is not certain, indeed, that the lobes were not separated quite to the base, as in the living Bauhinia lunarioides. The nervation is nearest that of Bauhinia eretacea, but shows this marked difference, that the principal nerve is much 94 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. nearer the inner margin. It is also much like that of some species of Hymenzea, and it is quite possible that future discoveries will show that it should be referred to that genus. One species of Hymenzea (1. primigenia Sap.) has been found in the Upper Cretaceous rocks of Europe and is there associated with Aralias and Hederas, as are our Bauhinias from the Amboy Clays, so that it is probable the genus was represented in the forests of New Jersey during the Cretaceous age. Locality: Woodbridge. Casaupinta Cooxrana Hollick n. sp. Pl. XLII, figs. 49, 50. Leaves orbicular in outline, entire, 12" or 14"" long by 5™™" broad; midrib slender, secondaries few, forming a large angle with the midrib and anastomosing in wide loops. I have not been able to determine satisfactorily the affinities of these small, delicate leaves, and have placed them with some hesitation in the above genus. They appear to be leaflets belonging to some compound leaf, such as we find in many of the Leguminose. The specific name is given in honor of the late Prof. George H. Cook, State geologist of New Jersey. No indication of the exact locality where they were found or any speculations as to their probable botanical relations were left by Dr. Newberry.—A. H. Genus Fonratnea Newberry gen. nov. Shrubby or arborescent plants with opposite or alternate leaves, below unsymmetrically lanceolate, above forming one or two pairs which are united in a common petiole that is unsymmetrically winged by the decur- rent blade of each leaf. Apparently related to Hymenzea, to the extinct genus Sapindopsis described by Fontaine from the Potomac group of Virginia, and perhaps to Aralia elegans Vel. (Fl. der Bohm. Kreidef., Part TLS pabay Pl Vs fascia) In Sternberg’s Flora der Vorwelt, Vol. II, p. 34, Pl. XXIV, fig. 7, are given a description and figure of a plant from the greensand at Schoena, DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 95 near Freiberg, Saxony. This was discovered by Reich and described in manuscript under the name Fucoides dichotomus. For this name Sternberg substituted Haliserites Reichii, because, as he thought, it had so much affinity with Haliseris polypodoides Ag., a well-known alga (Fucus membra- naceus Stackh.). On Pl. XLV, fig. 5, is given a copy of Sternberg’s figure, and it will be necessary only to compare this with the other figures on the plate, even hastily, to detect a resemblance that can scarcely mean anything else than generic identity. Reich’s plant is much smaller than ours and undoubtedly belongs to a different species, and yet, as far as we can judge from the imperfect material before us, their botanical affinities bring them within generic limits. It is impossible that our plant should be a seaweed, and hence I have ventured to give it a new generic name, since that chosen by Sternberg, if retained, would perpetuate a misconception. In Professor Fontaine’s monograph of the Flora of the Potomac Forma- tion he describes several species of a genus which he calls Sapindopsis (see Pls. CLIV and CLY). All the species are peculiar and, it seems to me, have little in common with Sapindus; but what he calls Sapindopsis variabilis (Pl. CLIV, figs. 2-4; Pl. CLV, figs. 2-5) is in some respects so like the plant before us that I am inclined to regard them as botanically related. With more material we may establish a closer union between the plant now under consideration and Fontaine’s Sapindopsis, but I do not now feel justi- fied in uniting them. I have concluded, therefore, to designate the plant figured by Sternberg and that which we have recently discovered in the Amboy Clays by a new generic name; and supposing the type may be brought into intimate relationship with Fontaine’s Sapindopsis, I venture to dedicate the new genus to him as a slight tribute of esteem for one who has proved himself among the most important contributors to the science of fossil botany. The foliage of the plant figured by Sternberg is considered by him as a “dichotomous, bipinnate frond, almost pedate,” and a not dissimilar struc- ture is visible in the leaf or leaves of Velenovsky’s Aralia elegans, but it is difficult to see how such a structure could prevail in the strong and woody plant which is the type of the genus under discussion; and yet 1 can not 96 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. but feel that all these plants are closely related, and that their nearest living allies are Hymenzea and Bauhinia. Novrw.—In connection with the discussion concerning the probable botanical affin- ities of Fontainea, | have concluded to append the following, kindly communicated to me by Prof. Lester F. Ward.—A. H. “In discussing the genus Fontainea Dr. Newberry mentions Sternberg’s figure of Haliserites Reichii and reproduces it on Pl. XLV, fig. 5. This figure is much smaller than any of the forms of Fontainea, but in Bronn’s Lethwa Geognostica, Pl. XX VIII, fig. 1, is represented a form much more like those of the Amboy Clays and nearly as large, this figure being only half the natural size. Bronn regarded it as a Chiropteris, but Schimper (Pal. Vég., p. 185) says that this plant more nearly resembles Halyme- nites, although on p. 178 of the same volume he refers it to Delesseria. I am inclined to believe that the form figured by Broun, at least, is a dicotyledon.” FonrTaIngEA GRANDIFOLIA Newb. nh. Sp. Pl. XLV, figs. 1-4. Leaves in part simple, unsymmetrical, lanceolate, petioled, partly in pairs united on a common petiole, winged by the decurrent blades; neryation fine, pinnate, apparently camptodrome. I have here represented all we have yet found of this remarkable and interesting plant. It will be seen that the specimens drawn are but fragments, and yet they reveal enough of the foliage to show that it is highly specialized and apparently distinct generically from any hitherto described. In each of the figures given we have represented the base of a pair of leaves which spring from a common petiole, and of which the out- side web descends to form a broad wing to that petiole. Apparently lower down on the branches which bear these double leaves are single ones which are unsymmetrically lanceolate in form, as shown in fig. 4, and it is possible that these leaves also formed pairs like the upper ones, but more distinctly separated. In the preceding generic description all has been said in regard to the botanical relations of this plant warranted by our present knowledge. Doubtless in the future more material will permit more positive statements on this subject. : Locality : Woodbridge. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. on CoOLUTEA PRIMORDIALIS Heer. Pl. XIX, figs. 4, 5. Colutea primordialis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. II, p. 99, Pl. XX VII, figs. 7-11; Pl. XLIII, figs. 7, 8. In the figures now given are represented two leaves of a species of Colutea which, though presenting some minor differences, are so like Heer’s species that I have not felt justified in considering them as distinct species. Locality : Woodbridge. LEGUMINOSITES: OMPHALOBIOIDES Lesq. J ROOIUL, aves ety Leguminosites omphalobioides Lesquereux, Fl. Dak. Gr., p. 149, Pl. XX XVIII, fig. 4. I am unable to separate our specimen from the species described and figured under the above name by Lesquereux. No memorandum of any kind by Dr. Newberry was found in connection with our figure or specimen.—A. H. LEGUMINOSITES ATANENSIS Heer. Pl. XLII, fig. 40. Leguminosites atanensis Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. III, Abth. II, p. 119, Pl. XXXIV, fig. 6. This species is represented by the one specimen here indicated, of the identity of which there can be but little doubt, the only difference being that Heer’s figure represents a specimen somewhat larger than ours. Dr. Newberry left no memorandum whatever in connection with the figure or specimen.—A. H. LEGUMINOSITES CORONILLOIDES Heer. Pip xsl tis. 48: Leguminosites coronilloides Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. III, p. 119, Pl. XXXIV, fig. 14. This somewhat imperfect leaf appears to be so nearly like Heer’s species that I have decided to consider them as identical. MON XXVI——7 98 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. I have no memoranda which would guide me in knowing what Dr. Newberry’s impressions were regarding the specimen, nor is any locality indicated.—A. H. Order AQUIFOLIACEZE. ILEx? ELoNGaTA Newb. n. sp. Pl. XVIUL, figs. 1, 5. Leaf lanceolate, 10 long by 3° wide, margins set with remote spiny teeth. Only two specimens of this plant have yet been obtained, and they are in an imperfect state of preservation. They show enough, however, to prove that they are distinct from any other leaf in the collection, and are remarkable for the series of spiny teeth with which the margins are defended. In this respect they closely resemble several species of Lex, and we may assign them a provisional place in that genus. Locality: Sayreville. Inex? ovata Newb. n. sp. Pl. XVI, fig. 2. Leaves small, lanceolate in outline, blunt-pointed above, narrowed below, margins set with numerous small and large subacute teeth. We have but a single leaf of this species in the collection. It is, however, distinct from any others and therefore deserves enumeration. Its reference to the genus Ilex is only provisional, and its true botanical relations can be determined only by the discovery of more material. Locality: Sayreville. Order CELASTRACEA. CELASTRUS ARCTICA Heer. Pl. XIII, figs. 8-18. Celastrus arctica Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VII, p. 40, Pl. L.XI, figs. 5d, 5e. Professor Heer in his Flora Fossilis Arctica, Vol. VII, Pl. LXI, fig, 5d, represents a small lanceolate leaf with remotely toothed margins, which he compares with the Tertiary Celastrus Mttingshausent and calls Celastrus DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 99 arctica. Of leaves which are plainly identical with this we find many in the upper layers of the Amboy Clays. On PI. XIII asufficient number of these are represented to show the prevailing forms and the details of the nervation. ‘They are generally much larger than the specimen figured by Heer, and the plant which bore them would seem to have been much more common in New Jersey than in Greenland. Ettingshausen, who first described the Tertiary species referred to, called it C. acuminatus (‘Tert. Fl. von Hiring, p. 71, Pl. XXIV, fig. 16), but this name had been antici- pated and it was theretore changed by Heer. That species, though evidently distinct, is much like the one before us, and they both resemble so closely some living species of Celastrus now growing in Australia and the East Indies (C. ramulosus, for example)’ that it is highly probable that Heer is right in referring them to the genus Celastrus. The oval leaves now fig- ured and named Celastrophyllum are, however, quite as closely allied in form, nervation, and margins with the living species of Celastrus, such as C. scandens, and it would be equally proper to refer these to that genus. Doubtless the fruit will some time decide the question, and it is probable that they will prove the broad and rounded leaves, rather than the narrow ones, to belong to Celastrus, so that it would have been perhaps wiser to place them all provisionally in the genus Celastrophyllum. Locality: South Amboy. CELASTROPHYLLUM CRENATUM Heer. Pl XSLWVILT figs: 1-19) Celastrophyllum crenatum Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VII, p. 41, PI. LXII, fig. 21. Leaves ovate or elliptical, 2™ to 8™ in length by 1™ to 5™ in breadth; summit rounded, rarely pointed, not infrequently slightly emargi- nate, with a prominent scallop in the center; base wedge-shaped; margins closely crenulate or crenulate-dentate, except near the base, where they are entire. With some hesitation I have adopted for these leaves the name given by Professor Heer to one which he has figured and described (loc .cit.) from 'The name Celastrus ramulosus occurs in Ettingshausen’s Blattskelette, p. 153, Pl. LVIII, fig. 6; Pl. LXIL, fig. 8; but I have been unable to find it listed in any work on Australian or East Indian floras to which I have access.—A. H. 100 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. the Patoot beds of the Upper Cretaceous in Greenland. Unfortunately, he has given but a single figure, and that represents a leaf more pointed than is often seen in the group with which I have compared it, and of which numerous figures are now given. In size, form, and nervation Professor Heer’s leaf is more like those of the smaller and more abundant species which I have described in this monograph under the name of Celastrophyllum denticulatum | = C. Newberryanum Uollick; see below], but in that species the margin is always denticulate, if not spinulate. As will be seen from the figures now given, our leaves are generally much larger and more coarsely crenulate than that from Greenland, but some may be found in the collection which approach it so closely in all important characters that 1 do not feel justified in considering them distinct. Localities: South Amboy, Sayreville. CELASTROPHYLLUM CRETACEUM Lesq. Pl. XLII, fig. 13. Celastrophyllum cretaceum Lesquereux, Fl. Dak. Gr., p. 173, Pl. XX XVIII, figs. 12-14. The single leaf here represented appears to be so closely allied to the species figured by Lesquereux in his Flora of the Dakota Group, PL XXAVITL, fig. 14, that it seems needless to separate them, although it may be noticed that our specimen is somewhat more obovate or spatulate in out- line. The differences between Lesquereux’s figs. 12 and 14, however, are far greater than are those between his fig. 12 and our specimen, and under the circumstance it does not seem advisable that they should be separated. Exact locality not known.—A. H. CELASTROPHYLLUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Newb. n. sp. Pl. XIV, figs. 8-17. Leaves lanceolate, pointed above and more or less wedge-shaped below, 6™ to 15™ in length by about 1.5°™ to 2.5™ in width; nervation fine and delicate, very numerous lateral nerves springing from the midrib, simple at This species is manifestly very close to C. decurrens Lesq. (Fl. Dak. Gr,, p. 172, Pl. XXXVI, tig. 1), but differs shghtly in the crenate rather than serrate dentation and the somewhat more polygonal areolation. I am inclined to think that more complete material from the West may prove them to be identical.—A. H. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 101 base, but branching above and forming an intricate network along the margins, which are finely and uniformly crenate-dentate. In his Kreideflora von Niederschoena (pp. 257, 260, Pl. ILL, figs. 1, 3, 9, and 11) Ettingshausen describes some lanceolate leaves with serrated borders, which he calls respectively Dryandroides Zenkeri and Celastrophyllum lanceolatum; and Velenovsky, in Die Flora der Béhmischen Kreideforma- tion (Part II, p. 13 [88], Pl III, figs. 1-9), describes a series of similar leaves, all of which he regards as of the same species, and calls them Myrica Zenkeri. So also he claims Celastrophyllum ensifolium Lesq. (Cret. Fl, pp. 108, 109, Pl. XXI) and Heer’s Proteoides ilicoides (Kreideflora von Quedlinburg, p. 13, Pl. II, figs. 7, 8) as only forms of Myrica Zenkeri. Doubtless the leaves which we now figure and name Celastrophyllum angus- tifolium would be thought by him also to belong to the same species; but there is one distinguishing mark which separates them, and that is that all of our leaves are beautifully crenate, while those described by Ettings- hausen and Velenovsky are dentate, and so I am led to believe that, though perhaps generically identical—but rather as Celastrophyllum than Myrica—specifically our leaves are distinct. The relationship of these leaves to the still more common ones by which they are accompanied, C. grandifolium, is intimate and interesting. There can hardly be a doubt that they are members of the same genus, and that genus, it seems to me, is Celastrephyllum. Locality: Woodbridge. CELASTROPHYLLUM NEWBERRYANUM Hollick n. sp." Pl. XLIX, figs. 1-27. Leaves small, 2.5°™ to 6™ long by 1™ to 2.5™ wide, generally ovate, often obovate, in outline, somewhat narrowed and wedge-shaped at the base; margins usually set with sharp, appressed, spiny denticles, but sometimes entire; summit generally acute, sometimes apiculate, but not infrequently evenly rounded; nervation distinct, camptodrome, and very closely resembling that of Celastrus scandens L. 'The original manuscript name by Dr. Newberry is C. denticulatum n. sp., but this name was pre- viously used by Professor Fontaine in his Potomac or Younger Mesozoic Flora, p. 306 (1889). This specific name is therefore preoccupied, and in its place I have associated Dr. Newberry’s name with the species.—A. H. 102 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. In size, general form, and nervation these leaves, of which we have compared some hundreds, are closely allied to that figured by Heer CEL Foss. Arct., Vol. VII, p. 41, Pl. LXII, fig. 21), but differ from that in having the margins sharply denticulate instead of crenate. There can be no doubt that they belong te the same genus, however, and to a closely allied species, and both are as much like the leaves of Celastrus scandens as they are like each other. This is one of the most common leaves found at South Amboy, and a sufficient number have been drawn to give a good idea of their general characters. It will be necessary to have the fruit before any positive state- ment can be made in regard to their generic relations, but the form, margins, and nervation are so entirely like those of the leaves of some species of Celastrus that they will probably be brought very near to, if not united with that genus. Although plentiful at South Amboy and Sayreville, not a single leaf of this species has been found at Woodbridge. The South Amboy beds are very near the top of the clay series, and those of Woodbridge near the bottom. Hence this plant formed a conspicuous element in the later phase of the Cretaceous vegetation in New Jersey. Localities: South Amboy, Sayreville. CELASTROPHYLLUM UNDULATUM Newb. n. sp. Pl. XXXVIII, figs. 1-3: Leaves oblong or ovoid, 10% to 15™ in length by 4%™ to 8 in width, narrowed to base, obtuse or blunt-pointed at summit, margins undulate or coarsely crenate; nervation consisting of a strong midrib, giving off at a large angle frequent secondary nerves which run simply or branched to the margin; generally they unite in a festoon which follows the outline of the undulations. This large species resembles Celastrophyllum crenatum Heer, in the character of its marginal ornamentation, but the leaves are much longer and larger and more oblong. They differ, too, markedly from the leaves of C. grandifolium, which are lanceolate and have margins that are finely denticulate or undulate. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 103 From C. ensifolium Lesq. (Cret. FI, p. 108, Pl. XXI, figs. 2, 3) these leaves differ in being generally broader and more ovate, and especially in the coarse crenulation of the margins, in contrast with the comparatively fine denticulation of the borders in C. ensifolium. Velenovsky intimates that the latter species is identical with his Myrica Zenkeri, but a comparison of specimens would show him that they are evidently different. Localities: Woodbridge, Sayreville. CELASTROPHYLLUM SPATULATUM Newb. n. sp. Pl. XLII, figs. 45-45. Leaves 4™ long by 1.5°" wide at broadest part, spatulate in outline; midrib slightly curved, giving the leaves an unsymmetrical appearance; margin dentate above, entire below, tapering into a narrow base; second- aries leaving the midrib at an acute angle, curving upward, anastomosing and uniting by fine cross-veining. The above uame, without any description or other memoranda, was given to these specimens by Dr. Newberry, but no locality was indicated.—A. H. CELASTROPHYLLUM ROBUSTUM Newb. n. sp. Pl. XLII, figs. 41, 42. This may perhaps be an extreme form of C. spatulatum Newb., from which it differs mainly in the much broader upper part. No memoranda were left by Dr. Newberry, but the specimens were plainly labeled with the name here adopted, and it was his evident intention to maintain them as a distinct species.'"—A. H. ‘Pigs. 24 and 25 on Pl. XLII were apparently introduced by Dr. Newberry for comparison with other leaves on this plate. They evidently represent living species in the Celastracew, and I have endeavored to compare them with Myginda integrifolia Lam. and other species of the order, but without entirely satisfactory results. I am satisfied, however, that they are not meant to represent any of the fossil species from the Amboy Clays. They may be compared with this species.—A. H. 104 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. CELASTROPHYLLUM GRANDIFOLIUM Newb. n. sp. Pl. XTX, fie. 8; Pl. XX, figs: 1-4: Leaves large, 15°™ to 25™ long, petiolate, lanceolate in outline, rounded or subacute at summit, rounded or rarely wedge-shaped at base; margins above the base undulate or closely serrate, entire near the base; nervation regular, midrib strong, secondary nerves numerous, emerging at an angle of 45°, anastomosing and forming a network near the margin; tertiary generally at a right angle, ° nerve branches leaving the secondary nerves dividing the intervening spaces Into a coarse quadrangular reticulation. The normal appearance of these leaves is well shown on Pl. XXJ, but of the large number which haye been collected some are rounded at base and summit, and the margins are almost entire, being slightly undu- late in some parts. Such leaves resemble those of some species of Juglans, and one of these is shown on Pl. XIX, fig. 8, but they shade into the normal form in such a way that they can not be separated. These leaves are much like those described by Lesquereux under the name of Celastrophyllum ensifolium (Cret Fl, p. 108, Pl. XXI, figs. 2, 3), which were found in the Dakota group of Kansas, and it is quite possible they are specifically identical; but they are represented as being more cori- aceous in texture, having a much stronger nervation, and a base abruptly narrowed, with a concave curve; the summit truncated or ‘broadly deltoid- pointed.” If these characters should be found to be constant in the Kansas leaves they would plainly separate the species, for in those under consid- eration the summit is always gradually narrowed and broadly or narrowly rounded; the texture also seems to have been much lighter. Among the foreign Cretaceous species of Celastrophyllum, this may be compared with ©. lanceolatum Ett. (Xreideflora von Niederschoena, p. 260, Pl. II, fig. 9). But the single figure given by Ettingshausen shows the margins to be set with coarse, acute serrations, such as are only very exceptionally seen on the margins of our leaves. In other respects the resemblance is close, and with more material we may find that the species should be united. Heer, in his Flora Fossilis Arctica (Vol. VII, p. 40, Pl. LXIV, fig. 9a; Pl. LXY, figs. 7, 8), gives figures of three imperfect leaves which he refers to DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 105 C. lanceolatum. These show only the basal portions, and are scarcely sutti- cient for accurate determination. Two of these nave the margins coarsely serrate; in the third they are represented as entire. Under the cireum- stances we are scarcely justified in considering our leaves specifically identical with either Heer’s or Ettingshausen’s, but they are very closely allied. Another leaf figured by Heer (op. cit., Pl. LXV, fig. 6) he calls Celastrophyllum serratum Sap. et Mar., but in this the long wedge-shaped base is coarsely serrated nearly to the petiole, a character which we have never found in our leaves. Saporta and Marion obtained the leaves upon which the description was based from the Upper Cretaceous strata at Gelin- den, and it is an interesting fact that leaves so closely allied, if not identical, occur in strata approximately of the same age at these so widely separated localities. CELASTROPHYLLUM MINUS Hollick n. sp. Pl. XLII, figs. 51, 52. Leaves broadly spatulate in outline, 12" or 13" long by 8™™ broad, entire or somewhat undulate-crenate near the apex, narrowed to the base; nervation obscure or obsolete. These are the smallest leaves which I have referred to this genus. The absence of nervation makes it almost impossible to know where to look for their affinities, but the spatulate outline and crenate margin give a general impression of the genus. No memoranda in regard to name or locality were found in connection with them.—A. H. CELASTROPHYLLUM Brirronianum Hollick n. sp. Pl. XLII, figs. 37, 38, 46, 47. Leaves lanceolate or slightly lanceolate-spatulate in outline, finely denticulate above, entire below, tapering to the petiole; secondary nerva- tion fine, but clearly defined, anastomosed in irregular loops, and connected by numerous reticulations. The several leaves included under this name differ from C. spatulatwmn chiefly in having a nearly symmetrical lanceolate outline and finer denta- tion. That they are generically related there can be but little question, 106 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. and it may be that they and C. robustum Newb. should all be considered as varieties of one species. It was, however, the evident intention of Dr. Newberry to keep them separated, and hence they are so retained. Dr. Newberry left no memoranda in connection with these specimens, and I have named the species in honor of Dr. N. L. Britton, of Columbia College.—A. H. Order ACERACEZ. ACER AMBOYENSE Newb. n. sp. Pl. XLVI, figs. 5-8. Leaves unknown; samaree 15™" to 25™" in length and 8™™ to 10" in width; the wing is broad, rounded, membranous, and veined. These seeds of a species of maple are quite unmistakable, and a num- ber of them have been found in the Amboy Clays; but up to the present time we have no leaves that in any way correspond to those of Acer or Negundo. The samarz are about the form and size of those of the red maple (Acer rubrum), but the wing is rather broader. We find in the colleetion a few samarz which are different from the usual form. One of these is represented by fig. 5, in which the wing is nearly straight. This, I have fancied, might very well be the winged seed of a pine, the presence of which genus in the Amboy flora is proven by fascicles of leaves. Localities: Woodbridge, South Amboy. Order RHAMNACE£. Ruamnires mrvor Hollick n. sp. Pl. XLII, fig. 36. +)mm Leaf small, about 19" or 20" long by 22" or 23™" broad at middle, slightly decurrent at the wedge-shaped base, rounded at apex; nervation fine, camptodrome, lower secondaries leaving the midrib at an acute angle, upper ones less so. It is not unlike R. apiculatus Lesq. (Fl. Dak. Gr., p. 171, Pl. XXXVI, figs. 8-13), but is considerably smaller and is not mucronate. Dr. Newberry left no indication of name or locality in connection with either figure or specimen.—A. H. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 107 Paururus ovauis Dn. Pl SONU Sigs: 8.9: Paliurus ovalis Dawson, Mesozoic Floras of Rocky Mountain Region. Trans. Roy. Soe. Canada, Vol. III, sec. 4, 1885, p. 14, Pl. IV, figs. 4, 8. The leaves now figured are rather smaller than, but otherwise indistin- guishable from, those figured by Sir William Dawson, which he collected at Mill Creek, Canada, from about the middle of the Cretaceous series Lesquereux describes a somewhat similar leaf, P. membranaceus, from the Dakota group (Cret. FL, p. 108, Pl. XX. fig. 6), but it differs mani- festly in this, that the lateral nerves are relatively finer and do not reach to or near to the summit, as they do in the leaves figured by Dawson and myself. There is littke doubt in my mind that our leaves should be set off in a new genus, as they are almost equally three-nerved, and the lateral nerves are drawn in to join the midrib at the summit, as in Smilax. Sir William Dawson suggests that there are scarcely any good characters by which these leaves can be distinguished from those of Ceanothus, but while this is true of the Cretaceous and Tertiary species, such as P. mem- branaceus Lesq., from the Dakota group, P. ovoideus Heer, from the Tertiary of Giningen, and of a part of the leaves deseribed by Heer under the name of P. Colombi, the leaves now under consideration—those described by Sir William Dawson (loe. cit.) and that figured by Heer (FI. Foss. Aret., Vol. VU, Pl. LXIX, fig. 9), with entire margins, ovate elliptical outlines, and three nerves which come together at the summit—present characters so- unlike those of the serrated or crenulated leaves called Paliurus that they should be placed in a distinct genus. Order VITACEAE. CissIres FoRMosus Heer. Pl. XLVII, figs. 1-8. Cissites formosus Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. II, p. 85, Pl. XXI, figs. 5-8. Quite a number of leaves are here represented which I have referred to the above species. Unfortunately, most of the specimens are in a bad state of preservation, owing to the fact that at the locality where they were 108 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. found the leaves are all coated with a thick sheet of lignite, which, con- taining much water, cracked and fell to pieces on exposure. When first obtained the leaves were perfect and beautiful, but before they could be drawn they had suffered irreparable harm. Possibly more than one species is represented in these figures, as those represented by figs. 1, 4, and 5 seem to have been trilobed, while in the others the lobes were subdivided so that they might be called five-lobed. Doubtless in the future more perfect specimens will be obtained, which will permit a more thorough comparison among themselves and with the Greenland plant. It seems to me, however, that we can not doubt that among these lobed leaves from the Amboy Clays we have a number that are identical with those found in the Atane beds of Greenland. Among the leaves figured on Pl. XLVI those represented by figs. 1, 3, and 6 are from beds in which the coating of the leaf was thin, amounting in some cases to a mere coffee-colored stain. These have been perfectly preserved, and in beds where the leaf impressions are of this character others no doubt will be found in the future that will present the complete outlines ry aud the range of variation of these leaves. Those shown at figs. 4, 5, 7, and 8 are, however, from the clays where the sheet of carbonaceous matter over the leaf impressions was less oxidized and thicker, and which failed to be preserved by any method adopted. Colodion, glue, mucilage, paraffin, water glass, all were ineffectually tried. Possibly a solution of shellac in alcohol, in which the leaf impressions had been dipped or sprayed, would have been more successful. We have here an illustration of the great difficulty which has attended the collection and study of the fossil plants of the New Jersey clays. Localities: Sayreville, South Amboy, Woodbridge. Cissires crispus Vel.? P]. XLII, figs. 20-23. Cissites crispus Velenoysky, Fl. Bohm. Kreidef., Part IV, p. 12, Pl. IV, fig. 6. We have figured here a number of small leaves with deeply toothed or incised margins. Among all fossil plants which have come under my observation that figured and described by Velenovsky with the above name DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 109 comes nearest to these, and while without much more material it will be impossible to assert the identity of our leaves with those found in the Upper Cretaceous of Bohemia, still the resemblance is so close that it seems extremely probable that they are related, if not identical. Locality: Woodbridge. Order TILIACE. TILLEPHYLLUM DuBIUM Newb. n. sp. Pl. XV, fig. 5. Leaf 9°" wide by 10% long, ovate, cordate, pointed at the summit, margins uniformly and strongly dentate; nervation delicate, but well defined; midrib slightly arched upward, two basal nerves strong, throwing off branches to the margin on either side, above these the side branches and branchlets terminate in the margins, but near the summit are appar- ently camptodrome. But a single leaf of this species is contained in the collection. It is in a rather bad state of preservation, but is very distinct from any other plant yet found in the Amboy Clays, and therefore deserves notice. By the general plan of its nervation, by its dentate margin, and by its want of symmetry it resembles some leaves of our basswood, such as could be collected in almost any forest. The texture of the leaf would seem to have been thin and the surface not polished. Doubtless collections made in the future at the locality where this specimen was found will yield material for a more complete description. Locality: Fish House. Order PASSIFLORACE. PassIFLORA ANTIQUA Newb. n. sp. JA DOOD (5 sites Ve Leaves medium size, petiolate, margins entire, two-lobed, lobes widely divergent, rounded at summit; primary nerves, three, all diverging from the base of the leaf, the central one running directly to the bottom of the broad sinus, the others passing from the base to the point of the lobes, in L1LO THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. which they are lateral below, central above; secondary nerves very fine, alternate branches given off from each of the primary nerves, but lost before reaching the margin. The leaves of this species are smaller than those of Bauhinia cretacea, with which they are associated, and may be distinguished at a glance by the different nervation and the very much broader sinus, the lobes being divergent at an angle of 45°. Locality: Very rare at Woodbridge. Order MYRTACEAE. EvucaLtyptus GeriInitz1 Heer. Pl. XXX, figs. 2,12, 15, 16. Bucalyptus Geinitzi Heer, Fl. Foss. Arct., Vol. VI, Abth. II, p. 93, Pl. XLVI, figs. 12¢, 13. Leaves lanceolate, pointed above and below, 10™ to 15% long by 15™™ to 25™" wide, margins entire; nervation open and flexuous, lateral nerves numerous, arched upward, connecting above to form a festoon parallel with the margin, united by tertiary branches which divide the spaces between them into square or oblong areoles. A considerable number of leaves answering to the description given above occur in the Amboy Clays, and so nearly coincide with those figured by Heer under the name of Hucalyptus Geinitzi that I have been compelled to consider them the same. The plan of nervation is essentially the same as that of the other leaves I have grouped in the same genus, but the nervation is more open and the leaves are broader and larger. One of the supposed fruits of this species as figured by Heer is represented on Pl. X, fig. 10, of this monograph. (See supra, p. 46.) Localities: Woodbridge, Sayreville, ete. I doubt very much that fig. 16 represents a specimen of this species, or even genus. It is unquestionably so included, however, in Dr. Newberry’s manuscript.—A. H. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 111 EucaLyprus? arrenuata Newb. n. sp. Pl. XVI, figs. 2, 3, 5. Leaf 10™ to 15™ in length, narrowed or rounded at the base, pointed or attenuated at the summit, margin entire; nervation strongly reticulate. Numerous leaves of this species occur, generally in an imperfect state of preservation. The nervation, however, is nearest that of Eucalyp- tus, or at least of the leaves so designated by Heer from the Atane beds of Greenland. More material will be required before the generic affinities can be positively asserted. Locality: South Amboy. EucaLyPTus? ANGUSTIFOLIA Newb. n. sp. 12 2O:.@:G0TE iets SG. Te Leaves long linear, pointed above, attenuated or rounded below, from 10™ to 15™ long, 8" to 127" wide, margins entire; nervation rather crowded, midrib slender, side branches numerous, leaving the midrib at an acute angle and forming a festoon close along the margin. These leaves apparently belong to the same genus as those that have been called Eucalyptus by Heer in his Flora Fossilis Arctica, Vol. VI, Abth. II, pp. 93, 94, Pl. XLVI, figs. 12-14. The general form of the leaf is similar, and the peculiar nervation—that is, numerous lateral nerves uniting to form a continuous festoon closely parallel with the margin—is essentially that of Eucalyptus. Professor Heer feels strengthened in his reference of leaves having this nervation to Eucalyptus by finding in company with them what he regards as the fruit of Eucalyptus; but in my judgment the examples he gives of this fruit (op. cit., loc. cit., and Pl. XLV) are rather detached scales of the cone of some conifer, and probably generically identical with the cone scales which he has called Dammara borealis (op. cit., pp. 54, 55, Pl. XX XVII, fig. 5). The fruit of Eucalyptus is a pyxis or urn, circular in section, and with a lid; but in the large number of specimens of organisms which I have found in the Amboy Clays and 12 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. have considered identical with Heer’s so-called Dammara I have looked in vain for any evidences of a separation between the summit and base, and have regarded them as the exposed and buried portions of cone scales. (See supra, pp. 54-55.) The leaves now under consideration differ from those I have considered as identical with Heer’s Eucalyptus: Geinitzi in this, that they are much longer and narrower and more attenuated at base and sumiit. Locality: South Amboy. Novrre.—For representatives of fruit of Dammara microlepis Heer and Eucalyptus Geinitzi Heer, from FI. Foss. Arct., see Pl. X, figs. 9, 10, of this monograph.—A. H. EucaLyprus? NERvosA Newb. n. sp. } Pl, XXXII, figs. 3, 4, 5, 8. Leaves long-linear, rounded or subacute at summit, narrowed and wedge-shaped at base, 15° in length by 1°™ in width, margins entire; ner- vation strong, crowded, midrib continuous from base to summit, lateral nerves very numerous, generally parallel and uniting to form a continuous nerve-thread near to and parallel with the margin. The general aspect of these leaves is peculiar. ‘The style of nervation is similar to that of all the elongated, lanceolate, or linear leaves which I have grouped provisionally in the genus Eucalyptus, but in this species the nervation is much more crowded, and the union of the summits of the lateral nerves forms a more straight and continuous nerve-thread. Locality: South Amboy. Eucatyprus? PARVIFOLIA Newb. n. sp. Pl. XXXII, figs. 9, 10. Leaves small, about 5° to 6™ in length by 12™" to 15™" wide in the middle, strictly lanceolate in form, pointed above and below, margins entire; nervation rather delicate and open, lateral nerves more or less numerous united in a festoon somewhat removed from the margin. The leaves described above may be but one of the varieties of £. Geinitzi, but they are so decidedly lanceolate in outline, so much broader in proportion to their length, and so much smaller, that I have felt con- DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. eles strained to consider them distinct. The characters of the form and nervation exhibited by these leaves are well shown in the figures now given. Locality: South Amboy. Order ARALIACEA. HEDERA PRIMORDIALIS Sap. IIE SDS aes, il, OP IPI SOONG niece ee Hedera primordialis Saporta, Le Monde des Plantes, p. 200, fig. 29. Normal leaves kidney-shaped or cordate, with a deep sinus at the base, 8™ to 15™ in diameter, long petioled, margins entire, sometimes waved; nervation radiate, from five to seven nerves springing from a common point at the base of the leaf, diverging toward the margin, branching above, inosculating and forming a network of large meshes which are filled with areoles of various sizes and dimensions. Leaves which I can not distinguish by any constant characters from Hedera primordialis of Saporta are rather common at Woodbridge. A number of figures on Pl. XX XVII are given to show the variation in form and for the purpose of identifying a characteristic plant of the forma- tion, and one which possesses the additional interest of being common to the Amboy Clays, the Atane beds of Greenland, and the Cenomanian of Bohemia. It will be seen that there is considerable diversity in the size and form of the leaves, but the predominant and normal character is shown by figs. 1, 2, 4, and 6 of Pl. XXXVII. Locality: Woodbridge. HeprERA opiiqua Newb. n. sp. Pl. XXXVIL, fig. 8; Pl. XX XVIII, fig. 5. Leaves large, 10™ to 15°™ in length and 8™ or 10% in width, unsym- metrical, elliptical in outline, margins somewhat waved; nervation radiate from the top of the petiole, which is an inch or more in length; that one of the nerve branches strongest which passes to the portion of the margin most remote from the base; the other branches, three or four in number, MON XXVI——8 114 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. inosculate with this and with one another to form an irregular and open network. These leaves have much in common with the much more 1umerous ones that are associated with them and which I have considered as iden- tical with Saporta’s Hedera primordialis, and it may prove that they are but phases of the same foliage. It will be seen, however, that the leaves of H. primordialis are symmetrically heartshaped, with more or less deep sinuses, and with a midrib and corresponding branches radiating from the base on either side. In the leaves now under consideration, however, the want of symmetry is most marked. The leaves attain a larger size, are not cordate, and are generally transversely or obliquely elliptical, though sometimes nearly round. Of H. primordialis we have thirty or forty fairly well preserved leaves; of H. obliqua, only three or four, so that it would seem that this species or variety was much less common than the other. Locality: Woodbridge. Arpaia WELLINGTONIANA Lesq.' Pl, XXVI, fig. 1. Aralia Wellingtoniana Lesquereux, Fl. Dak. Gr., p. 131, Pl. XX, fig. 1; TPA DON figs. 2, 3. Leaves medium size, 15° long by 12 or 13° broad, petiolate, sym- metrically three-lobed, lobes lanceolate, acute, sharply but remotely serrate, basal margin entire; base long wedge-shaped; nervation strong, primary nerves three, which meet before reaching the point of the base, secondary nerves diverging at an angle of about 45°, parallel, gently curved, termi- nating in the teeth of the border. This very elegant leaf resembles those of A. Saportana Lesq. of the Dakota group as far as regards the shape of the lobes and their denticu- lated edges, but it may be at once distinguished from that species by its having only three lobes instead of five. Aralia decurrens Vel. (Die Flora ‘Dr. Newberry’s original manuscript name for this species is 4. concinna, n. sp. It is, however, manifestly identical with the three-lobed form of A. Wellingtoniana Lesq. as deseribed and figured in the Flora of the Dakota Group.—A. H. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 115 der Bohm. Kreidef, Vol. IV, Part III, p. 11, Pl. IV, figs. 5-7) is somewhat like A. Wellingtoniana in its three-lobed and denticulate margins, but in Velenovsky’s species the lobes are relatively longer and narrower, the denticulation is coarser, and the sinuses extend to the base of the leaf. From the other species of Aralia with which this is associated in the Amboy Clays this differs in having the margins of the lobes denticulate, since they all have entire margins. to, 207> one by 6 oO sroad; apex poi ; base ro d. Q ly 2 long by 6™™ to 10™™ | 1; apex pointed; base rounded. Apparently a several-chambered pod or capsule. The name was given by Dr. Newberry without any description or discussion of probable botanical aftinities. Locality: Woodbridge.—A. H. CarPoLirHus HiRsUTUS Newb. n. sp. Pl. XLVI, figs. 14, 14a. Obovate in outline, about 1 long by 6"™" broad at widest part, appar- ently consisting of two carpels, surrounded by a fringe of hair or bristles. The above name is the one attached to the specimens by Dr. Newberry, without any accompanying memoranda. A. H. Locality: Woodbridge. STAMINATE AMENTS? Pl. XLVI, figs. 23-27. Among the most common objects collected in the clays at certain places are fruiting spikes or aments whose botanical affinities we have not as yet determined. They vary from short, close, bud-like spikes, as shown in figs. 23, 25, to a more elongated, ament-like structure, as shown in figs. Py AA PAUL Dr. Newberry labeled the specimens ‘Staminate aments,” without deseribing them in any way. Under the circumstances, I have thought it best to include them without further comment. Locality: South Amboy.—A. H. TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION List of species, showing distribution in New Jersey. af | | | 5 Ne aah Sal | on | & 3 | 2 a g 3 “ | Species. | z : | 4 4 a E a = — = é = 2 a, 5p e|S|/e\e|b/2/3 a MSiFPlin |e |an |e 1a | BeChoOndn tes HexntOsus NGWDeSPesseecq neemen =eemese sel cn sean] oni Soe ees ese ees | Seae do | Hausmannia rigida Newb. n. sp_..---.--.---.----------- «<<< ----|=--- ot | eo Se) el el sess eee 36)| GleiclemaGiesekiana Heer?: << --- ------..< 22-62 oe own eens [nen Se Esse! seculbscac 36; Glerchenia micromera Heer? 22 2=.--<25 62s. - csc sec eneesecaseoslecs- Sta Glerchenia Zippel Heer to. sasis.c-o eso socise S csegas oe ee= SSeS eses 35,| Anemia stricta tNewDbs D.sp- 2-2. wcecoe eo ceceaecectsssenen-ses- og) |PASplenium Dicksonianum Heer -22---.0.-c5 == --ss eres on Beis 41 | Asplenium Foersteri Deb. & Ett.? ...... -..--.------.22-+-.--+--|---- 2a eLheroptenis Gnouhiane LOD tcc sesamin s seen slomae oleae a)ae ee [=== = AS) | Ophioglossumieranulatium: Heert-te--. 222-5. -ce- as eens ene cect |sess|onos|on<-|2=- 44 | Podozamites angustifolius (Eichw.) Schimp..--......--.---.----|---- 44") Podozamites marginatus Meer?.*---- 2-2-2 2-2-2 2-505. - os ha--|-2-- 45 | Podozamites acuminatus Hollick n. sp ..---..-----.----.-------- 45, | Microzamiai eibba. (Reuss) Corda.---..--..-..----.-----------.-- race 46 | Cycadinocarpus cireularis Newb. n. sp-----.-----------------.-- 46) Dammiarai borealis Heer ---<-\2=-+-~--25-5 2< cee scces soeccensece Gy |) WANES

yma eke ee ee.t cnet sesso cs se eee selisean G3) |EMiyricamanvalajeeer so-ne-e see = oa cece es Sesto astl- Saccee cslecce Myrici Newberryana Hollick n. sp MyricatenestratatNew Ds 0. BPs see a5 Seceleaanmon sce cece scene nes Myrica cinnamomifolia Newb. n. sp MyricavacntaHoliekmsp a= = -vse sees. ooo. ese see a-e ees aisare ase Myricaranitanensisselollickm.spe-ee es cee nsec s sec ass ae cieceseces|seee as Populus ? apiculata Newb. n. sp Salixsprotemtolialesqnaaa-e ose sae oe se eiee cee nec ee ee ceereecseelboes Salix membranacea Newb 136 THE FLORA OF THE AMBOY CLAYS. List of species, showing distribution in New Jersey. a E | B| s 2 | RR Wesel sa. | I os = | Species. ¢ z s § = 2 £ = | Steele seks | = c is i=) — — 2 = So | sed Wa =I AS Woes Po) a | M/E] a A} a) ew | a 67) |PSalixonequalis Newbe US plecosee soe ae eee eee eee sans Ese 68 | Salix Newberryana Hollickn. sp..-----.---.-----------.+------- sess)| 4P GiSh | iste te nie Se deemed do neiso cased cee as ogacce sseobe csacesescimas sosal|eecs 69 | Quercus Johnstrupi Heer?..-....----..------------------------- Seeo| Acree 69 | Planera Knowltoniana Hollick n. sp------------:----------.---- Secs 70 | Ficus Woolsoni Newb. n. sp.----.---------------------~--+----- sues TOY} Om) OVATE DG Os 1) Dea See coecoocoones ooSse cs sapersosco sas Samal et TAL | IRNorEaankeorelss) INNO Rn, Boos noe deenoo bmeeeecoesocncscsocrTs a be 71 | Persoonia Lesquereuxii Knowlton ...--..----------------------- Beaplisocs 71 | Persoonia spatulata Hollick n. sp ..---------------------------+-|-..- peee| 72 | Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer ..--..-----...------------------|.--.| + U8) || Win SOlbes Ica pn IU 0 be cosecaooseceeseecoe SSeccesreceroracfo}eces|| 4p 73 | Magnolia altemmans Heer? ------------------ =e | ae 74 | Magnolia glancoides Newb. n. sp ..---.--------------------------|--- si) Se 74 | Magnolia woodbridgensis Hollick n. sp-..-----.-----------------|---- 5 7d | Magnolia auriculata Newb. n. sp-------------------------.------)-__- = 76 | Magnolia longipes Newb. n.8p.----------------- --- 20 see ee ee == Nocee|! SF 16 | Macnolia Jonoitolia Newb. n./sp .---------------== ------ -oene- [en ee + | 81 | Liriodendron quercifolium Newb ..----------.-----------------.|-_-. =F Ih Si) | tinodendronioblonoitolinm New) 2.522 .s2=--2e-- ee eere = aeneee eee + Go| MULIODenOLOPSIS ISIN PLEX ING WD ieee ele eee a ele fe eee ete eller + 84 =e 84 + 8&5 Sasnos sj) || Iba nay WIC S250 sap oeo cooda5 SSS se sees CSseedescocs Se hqlleco0|| $6) || Laurophyllomiminus Newb: isp. 2+ 2-2-2 = o-oo eee ease ae Peel bes ses 86 | Laurophyllum angustifolinm Newb. n. sp .---------------------- Bee fase |e 87 | Laurophyllum lanceolatum Newb. n. sp -------.----------------- ----| | Sia Sassatcasiacutlobumbesq) <2. -s2cs2ss0sne= ee hee oe eee eee Beals 88))| HAssatras pLoceniwole NWA BP ses se. sees neces ae eee ee sees SSil SassairasvhastatomMeNew): M.Sp's..---- sesso) == eecemtee eee ----| + 89 | Cinnamomum intermedium Newh. n. sp ...----------------.----- Ee olste 90) (Pronus?acwtitolianNewb.n. sp---225s.-25---55--o-ece ere eoeee See eat 90) GEiymentea Dalotanagesd) <-... = ci-=---/s002 2 = -0 eee ee eee Baeallocsas||e 90) |aDalberpia apiculatatNewb. MSp)---2-2 2 cess0> == acc seen eee eee ee oe Ol" BanhimiacretaceasNew Dav. .ns20 82 -5-s see osa as aca eee Balls sl 93 | Bauhinia? gigantea Newb. n. sp.----..-----.----..----.-.---.-- Scola psectisad Sallsera|le sce 94 | Cxesalpinia Cookiana Hollickn.sp..-.-..-----.2--+------- --ece~ Ce eee eee eer Meee ese ke 96' | Fontainea grandifolia Newb. n. sp-----.-----------.---------co-s ES eng | Ea seulieSe VialColuteawpmmordalisshleenr- masse eam seen cine a aveee ee tee eee | oe ee eee sen Be ae Sales Of) eguminositesiomphalobioides' Wesq.---<-22.5- 2-52. -cce ee eee pee eee eee oes oe ee of, || Leguminosites!atenensis Heer. 5. - 5.2225- 50-2022 -2sces es =eeee ee Sere 158 laste MecclisSeq)sesc|S- 97 | eraminosites(coroniloides' Heer 2.2 <= 25-25... s=2 25-2 eee eee nee eee eee rate bets eal eet 98) lex? eloncatiahNew bie pis.-5.- 9-2 2-- > 2222-25 sc ec, o cee ene peel eee eee ee ar oa See 95) Dex *ovataNoew).m. (Sp «cs------c2- co- one Sh nes eacee secee eee een See eee eee Sh \lpecs|i=s6< JoulnC elastnus arctica vhleereas--- cs. --nes ce cesc ee eee ee eee eee eee eet eeel saosletes|sos 993|(Celastrophyllamycrenatumbeer t= ===> ---.<-2 c= on. ess soe eee ee eee eee eer se lleeioa| mao 100 | Celastrophyllum cretaceum Lesq..---- .---..------ ----- -eecee -e|en-e Ses ese soa ees S225 ot 100 | Celastrophyllum angustifolium Newb, n. sp-..---..-----..----.--/---- Sd eee Mee eer sce Feat 101 | Celastrophyllum Newberryanum Hollick n. sp. .-.......--...---.)----)---- oe eae ice a eee Se 102 | Celastrophyllum undulatum Newb. n. sp...-.....-....--...-----|---- | [ie 103 | Celastrophyllum spatulatum Newb. n. sp..---..---..---.-.------|---- ---- 103 | Celastrophyllum robustum Newb n. sp.-.---..----..------------ 104 Celastrophyllum grandifolium Newb. n. sp 105 | Celastrophyllum minus Hollick n.sp..-.-....-....---..-------- 105 Celastrophyllum Brittonianum Hollick n. sp 106) }\*Aceriamboyense Newb: D.Spssc- nies cens -scscnce cel’ cco cee case ee eee toe ie toal [eee eee eee le é 106) | uhamnites minor clollickimsspi: seer sstsecsnccses-cccn oe Seen ee eee eee eeee| # 107 | Paliurus .ovalis“Dn'-.2ocsecc ses sesioes cee coc wece s ofecice Seen ee ee ee eH + a a TABLE OF DISTRIBUTION. 137 List of species, showing distribution in New Jersey. od | S ES Z|) eo) Es th} = wl e1ea) s/s) “= Species. & |sez B/)/e8/s 2/8 : lela /2lelals oS 5 i} ~~ - | @o =| & ele }e)elelers a H/F lala l|a| ea | a | | 1OTeINGISSILESpOrMOSUS PE GOR meee a see senate ese ces ~ = S505) 4 |lssoelloegs|besellsonc|jecas iSh peed oraopliqna New bai, Sp soa ec eae alee = ime oie || oS | Cosel ocadliscasl sped |saoo 114 | Aralia Wellingtoniana Lesq....-...----..----------------.------ S256)| Sr \locealsoac acn5|[ooss)|oss< 15 || Aralia quinquepartita Lesq...--...----....-...-.--.-----....--. Se ES eens ence ewe eoeea Ee ae IGE PAraliaoronilandica Heer ese. le amteleiela cise fe eo =) = ela Secsl| Ge |lepec||saoe | esse leSee i Gel PAT aliantOnmosattleerieeees ccsecmen ne hoe ne eee ee eee Sonae setae 2 a Ese) eS Rene eee el esa see RG Aralianpalmato New De WS Dee cmon emi niamine oo en mn a le Se Soocl sean encollssso secs Le Arai ai p abensuN Ow De i8Plesm = lela lelemie alae elaine eo shel G5 Veeseiecce|lsses|lesse Noses 118 | Aralia polymorpha Newb. n. sp.------.-----------<-------------- soul) SB bens) eeoc|iSaos||aasslanse 118 | Aralia rotundiloba Newb. n. sp.-.----.----.--------------------- i= p=! ece| ate eee lowes] anes 118 | Chondrophyllum obovatum Newb. n. sp..-.---.-----.------------ Be eel) stl ace leree (ase Soest eee 119 | Chondrophyllum reticulatum Hollick n. sp..--...-.--..---------|---- eal eee eee [ase ae (et= 119 | Cornophyllum vetustum Newb. n.sp..--- ....-..----..----.----- sce), SS Vosnc|lnece lees eless Seee i200 eAndromeda varlatoril Heer cesses = rene lone eee sae enon os| ance sana fonn el seealoc as ees fc 120 | Andromeda latifolia Newb. n. sp..---.-----------------.-------.|-:-- tH illococl eee SP lecsoilecss 121) |-Andromedaiflexnosa, Newb: n./sp- 2-2-2 222---- 5-52 - -- ene nn ene |- on co ot | ene st el et ose 121, || Andromeda novve-cesares Hollick n. sp_-----=-.----2--+--------|----|=-+--|--=--)=---|---- Z 4+ 27a leby reine) bOLealisth Cerner e a sae sents eat eee aan oaeimsin wine stn ener eeraa| orm etecn all's ee ene! SF 122a|PMyramerclone aba NEW DUR Spee = aes aaron enone cine eles calem =| aan ) + |----)--+-]----]---- L270 Meyrameroblongata Lollickais Sprcersn--sesoslee see ee se oe aaa ain \S-eeleeee \Sepes5cq)| ar 123 | Sapotacites retusus Heer lsaee] eee aooe jeecc|sece 124 | Diospyros primeva Heer. ...--...---..-------- : oS ||aeee| oes eoeal[eoac IRE} AKOGHETIORS Ds Uke corn eeaascnon HeHC COCR MOD cet SREB ERO ODO saC SOOBaR Smee eae jeS5All-q2y seea seee Wezel esse 125 | Viburnum integrifolium Newb. n. sp..---..---------------------|---. | ae lecee|[secc) escellesos ease 125 | Paleanthus (Williamsonia) problematicus Newb. n. sp---.-------)----|---- lee crt eee saee ---| + 12t/ |) Miao Sri oN Cn tea) Nop ocempnoose GH EIGee Daenoeterbes| boda lesra) Seacl bece) ees a_o+ 128 | Protophyllum obovattim Newb. n. sp.----..-----.--------------.|.-.- SP licenbligenalloacelleene leona 128) || DEK ellen ees cara al nae 1a Gate sc Cob ce oeecoposco cose... danocH Ssee| basal lesen |S5se\ eee |anea| Geico + 129 | Dewalquea trifoliata Newb. n. sp-.--..-.---------.--------------|---- SS Se ealeeoe| se sallecoebsec L3Oh Men yllrbestorbicularisuNe wb. Specs soe sean see eae] cee | ee cte|e 2-5e leon 133 | Carpolithus Orn onmGliis Wied ts tb Eillecsrcoccases aooseop sobs Saealfeece 134 | Carpolithus oveformis Newb. n. sp .----..-----------------.----|---- faa Canpolithus birsutuseNew bi. Spasss2 5 pesos eee ee-2oone sense ce lence 134 SCAM Ma LSL AMON tS heer eainee seein alae ce alent ane aoaclo ce eleoect|aecnleces + | e epee, leaks. mee a E PLATE. 1. : Page Figs. 1,4. Chondrites flexuosus Newb. n. sp -.----------------------2'-------- +--+ 22-22 ---- 34 2,3,5. Hausmannia rigida Newb. n.sp ..---.---------------------------------------+----- , 85 6,7. Asplenium Dicksonianum Heer ........------------------------------------------- 39 142 MONOGRAPH XXVI_ PL. [| U, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY lel Bpe Jee ae o~ Te = Figs. 1-8. Asplenium Dicksopianum Heer - - 144 =e = PL. MONOGRAPH XxXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY mw Hy ——- a " : = ee ae ) se) ee —s : b ? © i +d ; My of ry ® i } : PL ASE, sei f s Figs. 1,2. Anemia stricta Newb. n. sp -- 3. Asplenium Dicksonianum Heer. - 4. Phegopteris Grothiana Heer? .... ----- - seas Gi, (GHAR Alpe IIGCP noc eee uooeese Setobeeecss ee eeeate Vite 6. Gleichenia micromera Heer? -----.--. PERO AIRE oor aessass acpseneecd bas supeusas sade 146 ¥ PL. Ill MONOGRAPH XXVi U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY * é a? © 12d. <0) yer ae s . : * Ieee TOT Rigs yAsplenium Hoersheriee bids i theta ease ne a eee en ee 12. Gleichenia Giesekiana Heer? Pe See eee : : 148 ” ; ’ e -~ i?’ ae PL. IV MONOGRAPH XXVi U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 149 > a,» a 7 y : 7 - — ia ° i} a eae s . i a > @ = ie * ; Tae " a ba ; ee = — 7 — . io a . Ss — ‘ ee ip . == (PLATE VY. 7 ct ub ¥ : Figs. 1-7. Cunninghamites elegans (Corda) Endl .........-..-...-..------.----- hades 150 o we - id ‘oe 7 _ ee — a - Z ‘ U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXVI_ PL. V x mo . “ae ‘4 ‘\ t Figs. 1-13. Sequoia heterophylla Vel-.-- eC ee SEACH OE festeeks 3 : 152 MONOGRAPH XXVI_ PL. VI U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Ie eee VET = 7 AT - i Figs. 1-7. Brachyphyllum Greesumilesne Genito asetss skins eae ae 154 ste eee eee Boa see. PL. Vil MONOGRAPH XXVI U, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 7! ee nee - hi oe ee bis PLATE VIL 155 can <_ pi | i - ie , z _ es nN « F ta a + # i & "? A fv » . . Py ae & = ; APP. ‘ Figs. 1-5, Widdringtonites Reichii (iit) WELG Gt serene eee teeta fare we cece cen ne anne 156 ——- ot "S)- Me an a i La 2 ey ie" ms oe a . en eee * me « 7 ' a ’ 1 244 yy s\tid BEY Dye 9-103 Wl Figs. 1,5. Dex? Slongata Newbiniepe.2 252° 2: sssaceetsoesden conden eee : 2. Ilex? ovata Newb. n. sp.---..---------------------------- +--+ +02 S)4e Salix protesstolia lees qe neat n= eae lei sleae (ee ae enema eee tae 196 . ‘ MONOGRAPH XXVI PL. XVIII U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ss MON XxvI-——12 3 F.eer v Ya Pee ee a a” ne. a ea 2° ae es a eee ee ae oe ee ee me CULL ee . Hedera primordialis Sap--..--------------------- . Liriodendropsis simplex Newb.....---------------------- Pee Re ie cack . Colutea primordialis Heer..--- Fo SPREE Bop Sean peneeoeb ane erericose! 2A WG meter ieEyn anligh GG teeeeee Senos So Seee ne soeo pope ses] sesacesoss ose sacce = Quercus mlobnstiupi Heer tase ess. eee eae see eee eee eee . Celastrophyllum grandifolium Newb. n. sp : . Cornophyllum vetustum Newb.n.sp.-------------------- ae eel eee eae Paes Pal Ae SOX 178 PL. XIX MONOGRAPH XXVI ees et th, Yisey LEG. SULIT Le eG Aig yoaeee eas Ape By Ze 179 | PLATE XX. a ] 7 - w = c =) QD a = re g fe) ow oO G =} le | , = = , Ao | ae t _ iS Ewe : a >a eee - _ a ~~ ? Pe ae AT! ABD DO. SBE PLATE XXXTE Figs. 1, 6, 7. Eucalyptus? angustifolia Newb. n. sp Peak 2,12, 15,16. Eucalyptus Geinitzi Heer---..--- aes ee Seen a oars , 8. Hucalyptus? nervosa Newb. n.sp----....--....--.---.---- : 0. Euealyptus? parvifolia Newb. n. sp 2 11, 13, 14. Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer. ..-.-..----..----.--------- =. ‘Ivavlceratesasp! ie = seco ree neers Sees 4 Aes eit ee ee 18) Ficus; myricoides Holliekamssp meee. sere= meee teem i Pees Hos aes ASEFGT EIR ERS 1. % SES con hs ww \ \ 3 x PL. XXXII ae ey MONOGRAPH XXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ae Pier XXX EL. Pn Ly Pil ACI Xexeexaalnte Figs. 1, 2,4,5. Andromeda Parlatorii Heer. .-.--...------------ 3. Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer- .----..---- 6-10. Andromeda latifolia Newb. n. sp ----------------- 206 : « ct (ee v me @. eee a PL. XXXII MONOGRAPH XXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ole I XOX XIE Ve, Pi Arun exeKexe Figs. 1-5. Andromeda flexuosa Newb. n.sp.---------- 208 PL. XXXIV MONOGRAPH XXVI U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Pad. a XOX XV MON Xx vI——14 209 PLATE XXXV. ' Figs. 1-9. Paleanthus (Williamsonia) problematicus Newb. n.sp...-.-..------------2-2+------- 210 e wi MONOGRAPH XXVI_ PL. Xxxv U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY eg el 7) i) Soh rr aa wey aA Lie &. © ew, z ee ao wo al - a fe “2 i fee aN PAT Ey XxOxXevae Figs. 1-8. Williamsonia Smockii Newb. n. sp 9. Aralia rotundiloba Newb. n.sp..--.....--.--------- -- 10. Andromeda latifolia Newb.n.sp----...-----...----- 11. Magnolia woodbridgensis Hollick n.sp.......--.-.---- 212 PL. XXXVI MONOGRAPH XxXvVI U. S. GEOLOSICAL SURVEY ihe ere XO LT. Figs. 1-7. Hedera primordialis Sap...-.--—---.-.---------- 8. Hedera obliqua Newb. n.sp ...-.----- o8OD SaSSo06 214 MONOGRAPH XXVI-_ PL. XXXVII U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY , +s AeA EXO AAT PAD, XK XOK Vale Figs. 1-3. Celastrophylum undulatum Newb. n. sp.----..---- jseees 4, Protophyllum obovatum Newb. n. sp---------- Bboecor DeHederaobliqua NewDamrspes- sesso eee ces menee eee eee 216 ® ,} : > * e bd PL. XXXVIII MONOGRAPH XXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ee AS IE XX XX. YS ae Sola © PLATE XX XIX. Figs. 1-5, Aralia polymorpha Newb. n. sp 6,7. Aralia palmata Newb. n. sp 218. U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ; MONOGRAPH XXVI_ PL. XXXIX = ev [EAL 2! ea PLATE Figs. 1,2. Aralia quinquepartita Lesq......---.--..---.-----:--- 3. Aralia palmata Newb. n.sp.----.---- oes 4. Sassafras hastatum Newb. n. sp : 220 L PL. XL MONOGRAPH XXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IEA Bre dE) Dae) bn A” A pind . Ficus myricoides Hollick n. sp . Myrica emarginata Heer? . Magnolia auriculata Newb. n.sp---..----.---------------------------- +--+ -+-+---- ; . Hymenea Dakotana Lesq . Proteoides daphnogenoides Heer. .-..-...---------.------ +--+: +--+ =22- +222 +--+ 222 7¥ : Ae hes t: % <1 ; : ® « | PAT” XC PVADULMUM Abeer TOLL | New, Ds Spa = a= aia aa re eae te eee . Dewalquea groénlandica Heer? .-......-..-------.------ cree Soe LUPE asase Meersites\ap il. .s 222 scccwe cs se roed eee ac soe ee eee ee ee eee . Chondrophyllum reticulatum Hollick n. sp --.........--------=------------------- PL. XLt MONOGRAPH XXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ec mex \ PE A he xe Page. Figs. 1-45) PlanerasKnowltomana; Holliclkmes pes ees sess eee ete eee eesti 269) 5. Myrica Newberryana JHollicksn. Spe eee cc = -s= aaa seme eee ane eee 63 (ts tehilbb. ei go s5n6 cScocs Gao DES cers seceesebosnac soon conc ceseoaccccco tee ose seer 68 9-12, 28-31. Andromeda novee-cesares Hollick n.sp---..-.--.----:---------<- ----------=-- 121 TS CelastrophiydlumTeretace mm Wes Os a arate ne a eae le a rete 100 14; Persooniaispatulata Hollickmispe cee -sa2s ee ae = eee eee eee eee 71 15.) Myrsineroblongata Hollickem sp aaa arate re eee ee 122 16: Persoonia Wesquerenxit Knowlton=--2- 6 eo -s- esse eee eee ee eee eae 71 1719" Dalbercialapiculata New). DSP see. == os ere asia ee ee 90 20-23 Cissitesierispus: Velutiec es. ns--=.5520 ose oe eee eee eee eee eee 108 24,25. Myginda integrifolia Lam.? (living plant, introduced for comparison).----... 103 26,27, Chondrophyllum obovatiumeNewbem.s pease eee aeee seen eee 118 32; Mynica fenestrataeNewb.Dsspe 2: --2--- 5-252 -n= eae eee eee eee eee eet 63 33) ehyllites obscura bolle aus pismo) te es ee eee 131 34), Myrica raritanensis Hollick n/p = see =e el oe eee ee eee 65 Bo. Mymrica: acuta (EOC km (Sy ae ta e le el ae a ee e 65 30;, Rhamnitesiminor, Hollickmospecesa= sae esse ee eee ee eee eee ee 106 37, 38, 46,47. Celastrophyllum Brittonianum Hollick n.sp.----..-----.----.--------.----- 105 39: Leguminosites'omphalobioides) esq): - 22. 2-5. oe = alee ieee eee 97 40) Wepuminosites atenensis ee tae sae eae tae eset eee ee eee ee 97 41) 42°) Celastrophyllum robustum New bons Spiess se eh ee eee ee ie eee ete 103 43-45. Celastrophyllum spatulatum Newb. n.sp--.--.2- 2-2-2 seen ee en ea = 103 43.) Lepuminositesicoronilloides Heersss= 9 ---- 66a eee eee ee eee eee =a 97 4950. (Cesalpinia (Cookiana) Hollickmispreces. eee =e eee eee eeeee eee eee 94 dl, p2. Celastrophyllum minus Hollie kom is peace cc eee meee eee eet 105 ‘ 224 MONOSRAPH XXVI PL. XLII U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY eee ETT. MON XxvI——15 es r i i a - ho ES, = ‘ >. aes 4 7 impos _ o>’ a it o r * ay 1 Oy Wd WA 0168 1h Pigs. 1-4. Bauhinia cretacea Newb.---..---.--<2-----------------=== 226 PL. XLIII MONOGRAPH XVI > w > fe =) a 2 < = o ° 3 w oO Ga =) eee Hie xX. Lil Vi. 228 Me Figs. 1-3. Bauhinia eretacea Newb-.-..----- SG es See Rene AaAUNS 1V9IN01039 *S “N AIX “Id JAXX HdVHSONOW ah ie os eis al = y ri pee XLV. ww, Te) ee ek) epee PLATE XL Figs. 1-4. Fontainea grandifolia Newb. n. ep ........----.-- 5. Haliserites Reichii Sternb. (introduced for compariso 230 MONOGRAPH xxv PL. XLV U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY See \ f & edo Ad ae Pi AT Ee live Figs. 1-4. Cycadinocarpus cireularis Newb. n. sp- ---- 5-8. Acer amboyense Newb. n. sp----.-----.---------- : 9213. Tricarpellites striatus NewD: 0. sp. ----055-eseeeeees--eeeeeeeeene : 14SiWaCarpolithns birsn tus iNew bs ile 8p eee eee ee aaa eane ee 15, 16. Carpolithus ovieformis Newb. n. sp - vsishets's : . 17-21. Carpolithus floribundus Newb. n. sp : eR Oe 22. Carpolithus woodbridgensis Newb. n. sp.-----.--------- 23-27. Staminate aments? eZ 28, 29. Calycites parvus Newb. n. sp 30-38. Tricalycites papyraceus Newb. n. sp--- 39-41, Calycites diospyriformis Newb. n. sp ...--.--------------------- 42. Carpolithus pruniformis Newb. n. sp : : 232 PL. XLVI MONOGRAPH XxvVI U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ie te 233 PuAwe XL il ‘ Figs. 1-8. Cissites formosus Heer 234 PL. XLVII MONOGRAPH XXVI U. 8S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Een eyo r' ee hat ee © lea =? . 4) © ° e Pleat EX Lavelle Figs. 1-19. Celastrophyllum crenatum Heer.....---..------------- 3 Oe eee 236 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXVI PL. XLvilI PLATE XLIX. 2 PLATE XLiIx; Figs. 1-27. Celastrophyllum Newberryanum Hollick n.sp..-------.. PccopeSossSossatsossetsecss kdl 238 x or 4 * PL. XLIX MONOGRAPH XXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY eae Td) ly, PL j _ Figs. 1-6. Menispermites borealis Heer?......-...---.---- Fee Ee corEeE CSse 240 ATE a : ' = , ‘ s - a - uy ae i ~ . 1 ayy sf q “4 ? ft \ aes U. S, GEOLOSICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXVI- PL. L 241 . Figs. 1-5. Liriodendron quereifolinm Newb... — U. S., GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXVI_ PL. LI — a ee na ae Soa a 4 _ a. ‘ PLE) Lae Figs. 1-5. Liriodendron oblongifolium Newb. -.--..----..--- . : 24d PL. uf MONOGRAPH XXVI U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ee ee ee ee ee ee ee PEeenee ei Figs. 1-4, 7. Liriodendropsis simplex Newb..---.------------- 5,6. Sapotacites retusus Heer - 8. Liriodendropsis angustifolia Newb. 246 WoGWoesess coos PL. Lill MONOGRAPH XXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY oi Tis ONS Ee g of: os re ar) a a Figs. 1-3. Magnolia longipes Newb. n. 248 PAT ASV PL. LIV MONOGRAPH XXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ‘> Figs. 1,2,4,6. Magnolia alternan s Heer? . 3,5. Magnolia longifolia Newb. n. sp... 250 PL) LV! MONOGRAPH XXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY wes | 2 eee VL PLATE LVI. a a i i . 8 5 oy . a : : : is = i Q i : fe 4 4 E 3 & i=] & 2 ra a Ey a i g a ° U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MONOGRAPH XXVI_ PL. LVI 2% JB JON Aae r M = le x TPG, As} 254 PL. LVI MONOGRAPH XXVI U, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ay 7 BAe eer Figs. 1-11. Magnolia auriculata Newb. n. sp 256 PL. LVIII MONOGRAPH XXVI U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY INDEX. [Genera and all higher groups are printed in SMALL CAPITALS; synonyms in italics. Heavy-faced figures refer to pages on which descriptions are given, or 10 pages on which the species appear in their proper systematic position. | Page. ATI AGAR RRS OGRE ECOG OSE BR Oféoe Aneeess Sanco 106 amboyense Newb., Pl. XLVI, figs. 5-8 ...-.--..- 106 PEE CM Depo as Se a ere Ae SS 106 PECs Ea ore cio See ee 106 ACERATES..-- 124 arctica Heer 124 fongipes--------=-= fs 124 | sp., Pl. XXXII, fig.17; Pl. XLI, figs. 4.5 i124 Aments, staminate ---- 134 ANDROMEDA-~--~-----7 6 =. ~~ 120 flexuosa Newb., Pl. XXXIV. figs. 1-5.........-.. 120 latifolia Newb., Pl. XXXIII, figs. 6-10; Pl. | XXXIV, figs. 6-11; Pl. XXXVI, fig. 10.-....- 120 TELL Ha ey Sta rn le ee sos 122 nove-cesaree Hollick, Pl. XLII, figs.9-12,28-s1 U28 Parlatorii Heer, Pl. XXXI, figs. 1-7; Pl. 20 C00 0 1g Tg oa BATE oe ee eect 5 1:20, 121 Pfattiana Heer- ---- : 122 Snowii Lx-. = 122 BATE Nee oS Ae = 38 SAO ESS Ta) a ed al OB a pe eee ee 38 62 98 ANTI in neo See Sener soeeeore Stes ses Scoeasessecs 114 concinna Newb --- 1l4 LETT SVU RSS Re = ries eee ae 94,95 decurrens| Vel... <---- 2-22 114 formosa Heer, Pl. XXII, fig.8 groénlandica Heer, Pl. XXVIII, fig. + -- Looziana Sap. et Mar.-..-.-....- 115 macrophylla Newb.... -=- 115 palmata Newb., Pl. XX NIX, figs.6,7;P].XL,fig.3 117 - 116 patens Newb., Pl. XXVIII, fig. 3 a1t7 polymorpha Newb., Pl. XX XIX. figs. 1-5... 118 quinquepartita Lx., Pl. XL, figs. 1,2 115 TRANS EL OODS = serosa e one ae en -- 115, 116 rotundiloba Newb., Pl. XXVIII, fig. 5; Pl. XXXVI, fig. 9 11s Saportana Lx --- ll4 Wellingtoniana Lx - 124,115 Nu Ter nen Dp seer oe ne eset os 25 116 JATIN UN EIT o} eee eeene Sae ee Pn 5 113 Araucarites Reichenbachi Gein.......-....--------.-- 49 ENS Or OY Go) Ee Ss ee ee esos So Sep ocS \24 Aspidium Oerstedi-----.- Ss ScGccinte sees Soe 39 | EASTSIDE Se Se Scent eeer sedan seco eb oicecesos 39 Brongniarti, Deb. et Ett---- = 40 ceenopteroides, Deb. et Ett..-.....---..... oats 40 Dicksonianum Heer, Pl. I, figs. 6, 7; Pl. IT. figs. TES BAO iy 6} oan sees Sane SSE eas 3 Feersteri Deb. et Ett., Pl. IV, figs. 1-11..- ° 41 Subcretaceum Sap..-...-....------2 2 coe aee 38. 41 MON XXVI——17 115, 416.117 | Page. [RE ATER AG rene aie ee ete ea ne ies ala nee een nae 60 incurvata Heer?, Pl. X, fig. - 60 SAN ELEN A ge ete ee Sel ees 91 cretacea Newb., Pl. XLIII, figs.1-4; Pl. XLIV, Ui Sh ES ee enc seer aster eee a eco teen 91,93 ? gigantea Newb., Pl. XX, fig. 1-..-----........ 93 lunarioides Gray 92, 93. tomentosa ...-. 93 BRACHYPHYLLUM.....-.-- 51 crassum Lx., Pl. VIT, figs. 1-7...-...- on macrocarpum Newb S = 51 Moreauanum Brongn ............-..--:.--+----- 52 Papareli Sap -- 52 BRYOPHYTA .....-. 35 IO 2RSAEPINGAY. ome see eee ani 94 Cookiana Hollick, Pl. XLII. figs. 49,50...-.------ 94 CALYCITES ~--.-- 131 diospyriformis } 152 parvus Newb., Pl. XLVI, figs, 28, 29. i3t CAPRIFOLIACE2: -.- 125 (RC AR PO REDE Sens sobs eee a ae ee eee 133 floribundus Newb., Pl. XLVI, figs. 17-21.....--.--. 13:3 hirsutus Newb., Pl. XLVI, figs. 14, l4a .....----- 434 oveformis Newb, Pl. XLVI, figs. 15, 16.......--- 134 pruniformis Newb.. Pl. XLVI, fig. 42 ---.-. Woodbridgensis Newb., Pl. XLVI, fig.22....... 13% CREASTRA GH AG ©. 222 cost nena eas ceases betes ees 98 CEMASTROPHYEMUM. = 22.0 ne nee sameeren te 99 angustifolium Newb., Pl. XIV, figs. 8-17.....--. 68,100 Brittonianum Hollick, Pl. XLII, figs. 37, 38, 46, HN! sec Ste sasce snetco eee coe se ets ose 105 erenatum Heer, Pl. XLVIII, figs. 1-19 -......... 99, 102 créetaceim! fx. PIG, fig: 132225" - ~~ 5-2-3 100 Gecurrens es. ~ ee ee a eee ee oes 100 deniteulatim NOW -<--5-2