STATEDOCUMINIi jarm eview 1928 EDITION SEP 4 1985 A SIDE LIGHT ON 1927-28 BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN MONTANA Profits of 884 business firms in Montana paying corporation license tax during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1928 on basis of the tax ratio were $24,901,427 above exemption allowances. For the same period ending June 30, 1927, the profits of 745 firms on the same basis were $28,120,957. For the same period in 1925-26 there were 807 firms with profits of $29,057,933 while for the same period 1924-25 a total of 662 firms indicated profits above exemptions of $23,909,918. These data are based on a statement of corporation license tax compiled by the State Board of Equalization. Analysis of the dis- tribution of the returns shows that while the indicated profits above exemptions for the total number of firms reporting to June 30, 1928, was about 4 million dollars less than for all firms reporting to June 30, 1927, there were 198 firms which indicate a total of about 6 mil- lion dollars less profits compared with the preceding year while 686 firms reporting indicated about 3 million dollars more profits com- pared with the preceding year. The large bulk of the decrease is further shown to have come in the mining, milling and smelting lines and in railroads and trans- portation companies. There was less activity in mining lines while in case of the railroads replacement expenses apparently offset a larger volume of business as reflected in the carloadings both years. Other lines showed decreases include principally creameries and dairy products, drugs, furniture and carpets, auto sales accessories, etc., laundries, light and power, lumber and stationers and publishers. On the other side of the picture there is an Impressive array of 26 business lines out of a total of 38 reporting that all show increased profits over the preceding fiscal period. Leading lines are general merchandise. Hour, millers, banks, real estate, oil production, etc., grocers, insurance, foundry and machine shops, teaming, storage and transfer, and incorporated farming and livestock enterprises. The incorporated farmer and stockman for 67 firms reporting shows taxes on profits of $878,407 or a gain of $314,002 for the year while 52 banks indicate profits of $423,211 with a gain of $149,966 for the year. The elevator business represented by 34 firms indicated profits for the year of $233,116 or a gain of $14,977; the grocers represented by 37 firms indicated profits for the year of $456,032 or a gain of $153,826. Not only does the incorporated farmer and stockman compare very favorably with other business lines but during the past four fiscal years of the statement has increased the number of his tax paying corporations from 39 in 1924 to 67 in 1928. Each successive year of this period also shows a gross gain while the per firm profits as indicated increased from $9,639 in 1924 to $13,110 for the fiscal year just ended and were as high as $16,389 in 1925. Compared with other business lines the average or per firm profits of incorporated farmers and stockmen exceeded those of amusement companies, banks, electrical n achinery and supplies, fruit and produce, grain and elevators, retail and wholesale grocers, hard- ware, lumber, coal, etc., hotels and restaurants, tobacconists, under- takers, laundries, drugs, boots and shoes, packers and butchers, real estate and insurance, stationers and publishers, auto sales and sup- plies, furniture and carpets, and creamery and dairy products. They were exceeded in turn by bakers and confectioners, contractors, flour millers, general merchandise, light and power, lumber manufacturers, mining and milling, railroad and transportation companies, telephone and telegraph and teaming and transfer. Montana State Librar llllill i 3 0864 1004 5706 1 MONTANA 1928 FARM REVIEW EDITION By The State-Federal Crop Reporting Service JAY G. DIAMOND, Agricultural Statistician and ROBERT P. SHARPLES, Agricultural Agent U* S- Bureau of Agricultural Economics N. A. OLSEN, Chief Co-operating with the Department of Agriculture, Labor and Industry Published by DIVISION OF PUBLICITY A. H. STAFFORD Commissioner BARCLAY CRAIGHEAD Publicity Division Entered as Second Class Matter May 25, 1926, at the Postoffice of Helena, Montana, under the Act of June 6, 1900. VOLUME IV NUMBER 1 This Publication Is Issued and Circulated By Authority of the State of Montana JUNE, 1929 Published Six times a Year State Capitol Building Corner, Sixth and Montana HELENA, MONTANA FOREWORD With this issue the Montana Farm Review marks its seventh anniversary as the official reporter of the annual statistics cover- ing the acreage, yield, total production and value of the state's principal farm crops and the production and value of the staters livestock and livestock products. As a text hook for those people who are interested in the yearly agricultural progress of the state and as a reference for those seeking statistics concerning Montana's agricultural re- sources, these annual Farm Reviews are designed to these major purposes in as practical a manner as possible. It should he rememhered hy readers of these hulletins that many of the statistics quoted are estimates and not actual enumer- ations of the statistical fields which are studied. Modern methods for collection, compilation and analysis of the material upon tvhich these estimates rest tend to insure that the error of estimates will not he large enough to prevent this material heing used as a measure of the year to year changes in agricultural production and values. This bulletin is indehted first to the Division of Publicity of the State Department of Agriculture for the basic cooperative agreement ivith the U. S'. Bureau of Agricultural Economics un- der which all the Federal crop and livestock reporting work of the state is conducted. Upwards of 3,000 Montana farmers and stockmen consti- tute the crop and livestock reporters in this service. To these men we are indehted for the sample material. Their reports of their own operations as to acreage, yields, livestock numbers, etc., are the assays on which analyses are based. Other officers and individuals have contributed valuable sta- tistical information. The Farm Review is indebted to such men as Dr. W. J. Butler, State Veterinarian, E. A. Phillips, Secretary of the State Livestock Commission, as well as to such state offices as the Montana Railroad Commission, the State Board of Equali- zation, the office of the State Bank Examiner and the State Land Office. County Agents and in some cases county officials have cooperated in the preparation of county estimates. Assistance in the preparation of the text and tabular mat- ter of this bulletin was given by Agricultural Agent Robert P, Sharpies and Mildred R. Cossey, Clerk. All the graphs were pre- pared by the office of the State Engineer without cost to the pub- lication. The cover was suggested by Barclay Craighead, Chief of the State Publicity Division. JAY G. DIAMOND, > Senior Agricultural Statistician. MONTANA AGRICULTURE IN 1928 THE YEAR IN FARM CROPS The year in farm crops in Montana was one of mixed trends. Acreages, as was expected following the bumper yields of 1927, were again expanded despite climatic factors that operated to curtain final plans as to spring plantings and sowings. Yields, mainly by these same climatic factors, were reduced about 16 per cent compared with 1927 but were about 29 per cent better than those of an average sea- son. Prices generally were disappoint- ing, especially in case of the principal cash crop, wheat, and in case of po- tatoes. Relatively low prices for the- feed crops and hay which are largely utilized on Montana farms for farm livestock were offset by a generally higher level of livestock prices. Special crops such as flax, sugar beets, beans, peas and seed crops sold generally at prices as high if not higher, than in 1927. Farm wages as reported averaged, on the whole, slightly above those of 1927, but during harvest the spread was very small. The supply of farm labor compared favorably with that of the preceding' year. While there was some noticeable contrast between grain yields as between the northern half and the southern half of the state, there was no large area where yields were poor. In the northern half of the state yields of grain generally averaged about as good as in 1927, while in the southern half they averaged moderately under those of last year but were still well above average. As between various crops, the winter wheat and winter rye crops were the hardest hit by spring drouth. In addition to drouth damage, winter wheat en- countered a rather general outbreak of a form of root-rot throughout central Montana. Flax and corn suffered rather wide-spread darrage from August frosts. Hail apparently took a somewhat larger toll of yields than usual with a few storms doing severe damage in localized areas. THE YEAR IN LIVESTOCK The year in livestock both from the standpoint of size of marketings as well as from the standpoint of average prices, has recorded substantial gains con- pared with 1927. As a result, livestock apparently has more than made up the loss in gross income from crops compared with last year and in view of the general distribution of the livestock income among crop producers, has gone a long way in smoothing out the net returns to agriculture as between the two years. The grazing season for cattle and sheep, following the spring drouth which reduced the quantity of early green feed and prolonged dry feeding, took a very favorable turn in June and throughout the balance of the season ranges and pas- tures furnished ample feed of good quality. The dry spring weather on the other hand, was much more favorable for young livestock than in 1927. Favorable results with lambing, calving and spring pig crops were reported in contrast with the larger than average losses of young livestock in the spring of 1927. Cattlemen in particular made further improvement in their position during the year and their heavy 1928 marketings have probably finally marked a general cleaning up of old obligations. Evidences of any general restocking of herds in response to the higher prices of beef are few as yet, one reason for this lag probably being that a large number of cattlemen do not realize the cyclical nature of the recent up-swing in prices and will respond as in the past to the prices themselves, rather than to the underlying causes that produce the major price swings. Sheepmen are apparently still expanding their holdings in many instances of both sheep and lands. The improvement in wool prices over those of 1927 has encouraged this trend, as well as the relatively firm lamb prices compared with a year ago. Both wool and lambs on this basis, and considering the larger pro- duction, have made a somewhat larger aggregate return to sheepmen in 1928 than in 1927. The dairy industry reacted to the high meat prices of cattle this year in a further heavy marketing of cows of canner and cutter type. As a result, total dairy production of milk and butterfat slightly declined, although the manufac- tured products show a small decline in butter production that is more than off- set by increased manufacture of ice cream and cheese. The relatively higher prices for dairy products compared with 1927 and sales of meat animals brought about a moderate increase in the returns to the industry compared with the preceding year. The large increase in 1928 hog marketings over 1927 and the advancing prices during the second half of the year have resulted in a larger gross return to hog growers which with cheaper feeds have made this class of livestock relatively profitable in 1928. Poultry growers also encountered average prices during 1928 that were slightly higher than in 1927, with some increase in production over that of last year. THE YEAR IN GENERAL The year in general for Montana agriculture was marked by somewhat lower money returns to growers for farm crops and an offsetting increase in money returns for livestock and its products, as compared with 1927. Following as it did, the large gross returns to agriculture in 1927, the year 1928 was not called upon to absorb old indebtedness to the same extent as was the case in 1927, which followed the relatively poor season of 1926. On the whole, therefore, farmers and stockmen have had more buying power in 1928 than in 1927, which fact is generally supported by reported sales of farm machinery and equipment, as well as general business reports. Montana agriculture has entered 1929 in a financial condition on the whole at least as favorable as that of a year ago. Nineteen twenty-nine crops and prices as the season develops will become factors influencing this condition. It is yet too early to judge these prospects. On the other hand, fall moisture in 1928 was very short compared with that preceding the seasons of both 1928 and 1927, necessitating that spring growing conditions and moisture accumulations before and during the growing season of 1929 be compensating, if as favorable a season is to result in 1929 as in the preceding two years. Commitments of farmers in anticipation of 1929 crops should not necessarily be any larger than those made in the spring of 1928. On the livestock side there is relatively more stability in the 1929 outlook. Cattlemen and sheepmen under average conditions affecting range feed next spring and summer may look ahead to a year not greatly dissimilar with that through which they have just passed. Cattlemen may restrict their 1929 market- ings compared with 1928, but if this occurs it will be largely because they have decided to expand their breeding power by holding back desirable stock cattle. Sheepmen, on the other hand, unless expansion of holdings continues at the same rate as in recent years, should have with average lambing conditions next spring, larger potential marketings than in 1928. 1928 GROWING SEASON Although winter and fall moisture preceding the 1928 growing season was unusually favorable, the growing season itself was characterized by extreme dry weather prevailing from the opening of spring until , the first week in June. Plowing for spring planting began early and in a few instances on lighter soils as early as the middle of March. As frosts began to leave the ground in April considerable field work started and all early indications pointed to a considerable increase in total planted acreage. However, continued dry weather throughout most of May and loss of moisture from the top soils generally resulted in a modification of plans. By the first of June winter wheat was generally showing marked drouth stunting, considerable spring grain seedings had not emerged, pastures had not started and hay crops were short. Farmers were resorting to flooding on irrigated lands to start potato and sugar beet crops and the general outlook was discouraging. Early in June, however, general showers began to break the drouth and weather then turned cool and wet throughout the month. Near normal tempera- tures and precipitation above average characterized July while August was rela- tively cool and wet. These weather conditions went far to offset the early season drouth and in case of the spring grains resulted in average yields almost as good as in 1927. Winter wheat and rye together with first cuttings of hay, however, had already been permanently injured by drouth to the extent of reflecting this damage in final yields. Flax and corn were generally damaged by early August frosts in northern and eastern Montana while hail during the season apparently took a larger than usual toll of yields. On the whole the growing season finally developed more favorably than was expected and culminated in September weather that was dry and favorable for maturing the late crops as well as permitting excellent progress of harvest and threshing operations. A peculiarity of the spring drouth and dry top soils was reflected in the spring grains, particularly spring wheat, which germinated in two crops, one from the moisture that was available at seeding time and the other that came on with June wet weather. This presented a harvesting problem for combine farm- ers who in many instances were forced to windrow the grain before combining in order to secure grain that was ripened uniformly. Favorable August weather reduced this spread in maturity by delaying the ripening of the more advanced grain, while dry September weather cured the cut grain with a minimum of the loss that seemed likely earlier in the season. GROWING SEASON WEATHER The weather of the growing season as recorded by the Weather Bureau shows the months of March, April and May averaging well below normal in rainfall and above normal in temperature. June was well above normal in rainfall and below normal in temperature. July and August were both above normal in rain- fall with July temperatures close to normal and August temperatures below normal. These two months constitute a critical period for hot wind damage in years when hot winds occur. Both the 1928 season and the 1927 season were characterized by little or no wind damage. September weather in 1928 was unusually dry and slightly cooler than normal while October weather was gen- erally somewhat dry and cool compared with normal. Month March April May June July August September Season Total Season Average GROWING WEATHER PRECIPITATION Amount comp. Normal Inches 0.75 0.91 0.67 3.27 2.47 1.37 0.34 9.78 Inches -0.16 — 0.24 — 1.56 40.66 + 0.85 +0.22 — 1.04 — 1.27 MEAN TEMPERATURE Mean comp . with Normal Degrees 35.6 39.6 57.3 56.1 66.3 62.5 55.3 Degrees + 5.4 -2.8 + 6.4 -3.1 +0.2 -1.9 -0.3 53.2 + 0.56 THE YEAR'S TRENDS Trends of indicators of agriculture's progress during the year in Montana were mixed although the general tendency observed during the past few years to materially expand production with little increase in numbers of farm units or in relative productions costs is still in evidence. The net result of this relationship between numbers engaged in agri- culture, production and relative costs has been a greater efficiency in agri- cultural production in Montana which has, in a measure, offset the general handicap of agriculture since the war as expressed in relatively low purchasing power of agricultural products compared with non-agricultural products. Montana farmers apparently are now utilizing as much if not more acreage in active production as was used in the peak year of the war period, when probably 25 per cent more farmers were operating. Two factors in the post-war expansion of the acreage operated per farm have been the relatively low value and rental of farm lands and the development of power farming. Along with the expansion of non-irrigated acreage there has been a marked development in such crops as beans, seed and canning peas, sugar beets, and to some extent potatoes on the irrigated farms indicating that on the higher valued lands new cash crops are being used to replace crops of less certain market outlet. TRMEND OFACREAQE -g;eeo.ooo ■^seeieee- soo/)oe- '♦♦•♦ ■♦♦, Winfer Wheof Hay *. TREND OF ACREAGE Trends of total cropped acreage of wheat, feed crops, special crops and hay acreage are shown in the accompanying graph xor the period 1924 to 1928. The strong upward trends in wheat acreage and special crops depict what is happening as between the non-irrigated and irrigated farms, the form- er being a development of a more extensive farming and the latter of a more intensive farming than formerly. The increase in feed crops and hay acreage, which are largely used within the state in livestock production, reflect the growing tendency of livestock to distribute itself throughout the agricultural industry. A marked increase in the percent- age of farms holding livestock of all kinds was shown in comparing the two federal cen- sus enumerations of 1920 and 1925. The 1928 trend of acreage follows the rate of growth quite closely for the preceding years of the period shown. TREND OF YIELDS Trends of yields of nine principal crops over a 5-year period reflect mostly the cli- matic and other conditions affecting yields. Compared with average both 1927 and 1928 were considerably above yields of an average season although 1928 in this respect was con- siderably under the high record set by 1927. TREND OF LAND VALUES As might be expected the favorable 1927 season is reflected in the reported average land values for March, 1928. The values reported in March, 1927, on the other hand reflected the relatively poor crop season of 1926 as it affected a large portion of the eastern half of the state. Until there is sufficient outside demand for Montana farm lands to meet the heavy offerings of land on part of those who acquired Montana farm lands during the early part of the depression period, it may be expected that reported average values of land will reflect unduly the year to year character of the crop season. On the other hand the trend of land values as reported over a period of years is a somewhat better indication of changes in land values. In this respect as is shown by the acconlpanying graph, land values in Montana declined throughout the post war period and are now fluctuating near what would appear to be the low point of this downward movement. MARCH 1 VALUE PER ACRE OF MONTANA FARM LANDS 1920 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 All Farm Lands Improved $42.20 S23.50 $27.00 $23.30 $25.20 $27.00 All Farm Lands Unimproved 35.50 15.00 19.00 16.51 17.50 19.50 The downward trend in Montana land values is also reflected in the average assessed values per acre as shown by the reports of the state board of equaliza- tion. Like the reported values shown above the assessment data indicates a ten- dency of values to improve slightly in 1928 compared with 1927. The assessment data makes a more complete picture of the land values segregating them into ir- rigated, non-irrigated tillable lands and grazing lands. Prior to 1923 farm and grazing lands were assessed as one class. ASSESSMENT VALUES PER ACRE OF MONTANA FARM LANDS 1923 1925 1926 1927 1928 Irrigated Farm Lands 51.15 50.95 50.80 48.89 49.09 Non-Irrigated Tillable Lands 13.47 13.44 12.86 13.16 13.19 Grazing Lands 6.08 4.95 4.82 4.62 4.62 tr£:mo or /MPf^o\yE:D :B /o ) [_ . % % \ % % \ \ \ \ TREND OF PRICES The trend of prices of important Montana crop and livestock products over an 8 year period as a percentage of their 1920 prices show mixed trends. Wheat prices show relatively less stability than do livestock prices. The steady improve- ment in sheep and wool prices from 1922 to 1927 are in contrast with the rel- atively low cattle prices for all the period preceding 1927. Dairy prices show a steady curve. INDEX NUMBER OF FARM PRICES AND WHOLESALE PRICES OF NON-AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES Index number of farm prices (August 1909-July 1914=100) 5 ^ g . JH t >^ O fe> S Q 1919 231 189 206 173 1920 231 249 173 188 . 1921 112 148 108 148 1922 105 152 113 134 1928 114 136 106 148 1924 129 124 109 134 1926 156 168 139 137 1926 129 189 146 136 1927 128 155 139 138 1927 : March 121 140 144 139 June 140 201 129 132 Sept. 134 145 142 135 Dec. 123 141 138 145 1928: Jan. 125 144 138 145 Feb. 128 153 139 145 Mar. 136 174 139 142 April 144 179 142 139 May 160 181 lol 136 June 152 168 150 134 July 142 156 157 134 Aug. 120 137 162 135 Sept. 117 127 174 141 Oct. 116 114 160 143 Nov. 110 109 150 144 Dec. 112 108 143 146 (1) These index numbers are based on retail prices production reported quarterly for March, June, other months are straight interpolations between • Preliminary. 3 2 $ ^ p J3 s "B „'V 3 3 « 1 Si II 1 III 1 If (S OQ < tfOid^ 206 247 209 199 102 222 248 205 241 99 161 101 116 167 76 139 156 124 168 81 145 216 135 171 88 147 211 134 162 87 161 177 147 165 92 156 122 136 161 87 141 128 131 164 86 115 102 126 164 82 102 119 130 165 84 143 179 . 140 154 91 195 153 137 163 90 177 152 137 154 89 144 141 135 154 87 122 147 137 156 89 212 154 140 156 90 128 166 148 156 96 127 162 145 157 92 134 170 145 *157 ♦93 140 153 139 *157 •89 156 142 141 •167 •90 168 147 137 *157 •88 185 146 134 ♦157 •86 197 148 134 *157 •86 by farmers for commodities used in living and September and December. The indexes for the successive quarterly indexes. DECEMBER / it^OO J5.00 L£GeMO EL^A^ '^ M W H W N M M SEyA/S/S < > t > I POT^TOEsS 8 TREND OF BANK DEPOSITS Records of the State Bank Examiner show at the close of business in 1928 total resources of Montana banks aggregating 208 millions of dollars compared with 193 millions of dollars at the close of business in 1927 and 176 millions of dollars at the close of business in 1926. Similarly deposits at the close of 1928 were about 14 million dollars higher compared with a year ago and were 35 million dollars higher compared with the close of business of 1926 and 71 million dollars higher compared with the close of business in 1925. As has been pointed out before, the physical condition of Montana banks considering the large proportion of total banking transactions that are contributed in some manner by agriculture, tends to reflect the financial condition of agri- culture itself. The number of banks declined slightly in 1928 compared with 1927 due to consolidations. Year 1927 1928 National State Private Total 73 132 2 207 71 130 1 202 Population per bank which was 1,276 people in 1920 has increased steadily during the post-war years and is now about 2,700, or more than double the 1920 number. The average deposits per bank at the end of 1928 were $918,186 compared with $826,967 a year ago. TREND OF FARM WAGES The average wages paid to farm laborers in 1928 again increased slightly compared with the preceding year continuing a slight upward trend that has been apparent throughout the post war period. In October 1928 the average wage per month with board in Montana paid to farm labor was $60.50 compared with $60.25 in October 1927 and $52.50 in October 1926. The average for October in 11 western states was $54.21 compared with $56.39 in October 1927 and $53.61 in October 1926 while the average wage for the United States was $45.75 in October 1928; $35.68 in October 1927 and $36.00 in October 1926. Farm wages in Montana are ordinarily higher than in most other western states except Nevada and California which average somewhat higher than Mon- tana. Crop correspondents are asked to report prevailing farm wages quarterly in January, lApril, July and October. From these reports are computed the average yearly wage shown in the accompanying graph. \ \ X X X ^ . -^ X ^ — — *- """^ \ \ \ \ \ \ % \ \ k i % TREND OF FARM IMPLEMENT SALES Nineteen twenty-eight sales of farm implements and machinery as reflected in the Montana Railroad Commission records of cars shipped show a substantial gain over those of 1927. Unusually large shipments in August were noted in the 1928 records indicating that many of this year's orders were held back until the final outcome of the crop was assured. Estimates of extension officials and machinery people place the number of tractors sold in Montana in 1928 at 5,251 compared with 3607 in 1927. For com- bine tractors the 1928 estimate was 1,662 compared with 960 or more in 1927, and for duckfoot cultivators 2,077 in 1928 compared with more than 2,426 in 1927. Total numbers of combine threshers in the state is roughly estimated at 3,000, the large bulk of which have been purchased in the past two years. IMPORTS OF FARM IMPLEMENTS IN MONTANA Year Cars 1919 671 1920 542 1921 249 1925 196 1926 271 1927 328 1928 445 /='^/=?A^ A4Aa/-//r\/£:/=?\^ >s^l.£:^ •s,ooo '4,000 3,000 2,000 /,ooo ^OO :?oo /oo ) \ ^,-^ -^'^' .^^^^^ — -■" ^„.^ "T-jOvl/^ 7*/00'~ -- . ._ .. ,^.0«/f J N f s 1 'K Foo-rs ^ • K^V^/ViL FARM INCOME 1928 Total estimated sales of crop and livestock items from 1928 production are valued at 1.0 per cent larger than 1927. Nineteen twenty-seven sales in turn were nearly 20 per cent larger than those of the relatively short crop year of 1926 while the yearly esti- mates since 1923 have shown a steady upward climb as agriculture has ex> panded production during this period. Paralleling the climb of yearly in- come to agriculture, bank resources and deposits during the same period exhibit a similar upward trend. Tax payments, both state and federal, have increased during this period while such data on indebtedness as is available shows a decline in debt. Very little change in total numbers of farms operating has occurred dur- ing this period studied and as a re- sult the growth in yearly income has been accompanied by similar growth in the return per farm unit. Too little is now known of relative production costs to determine the net income to farms during this period or to what extent the higher gross income has been offset by higher costs. However such barometers as bank deposits, tax payments and debt re- duction considering the large share of these transactions that come from ag- riculture in Montana are indications that the financial condition of the state's agriculture has improved during the past few years. TOTAL 1928 INCOME The estimated total farm income for 1928 is $153,775,000 compared with $152,003,000, the revised estimate for 1927, and $133,448,000 for 1926. The yearly estimates were started in 1923 for which year the figure was placed at $94,995,000. In 1928 estimate as between income from crop sales and livestock products sales, the former decreased compared with 1927 while the latter increased. In fact larger marketings and the higher levels of livestock prices more than offset both a slight reduction in crop production as well as lower prices in case of some of the principal crops. BASIS OF THE ESTIMATES In preparing estimates of income, the official estimates of crop production are used with the prices received by producers on December 1 applied to that portion of the crops estimated as sold or to be sold from the total production. Made on the same basis each year these estimates are comparable and are used primarily to show relative changes in crop income from year to year rather than attempting to measure the exact income each year. 11 In estimating the value of livestock and its products, railroad and stock yard receipts of Montana livestock together with reports of creameries are used. Al- lowance is made for sales of farm and local slaughter and farm sales of other livestock items, on basis of reported sales by farms as shown in the last decen- nial census. Prices for livestock and its products as reported monthly at the farm or ranch are weighted by the railroad shipments each month. As in case of crop income the livestock income is made on a comparable base from year to year to determine primarily the changes in yearly income as brought about by fluctuations in the marketings, and prices to producers. ESTIMATES OF FARM INCOME BY YEARS Income from Income from Total Crop Sources Livestock Income 1928 $46,784,000 $48,211,000 $ 94,995,000 1924 74,343,000 50.789,000 125,182,000 1925 _ 57,877,000 66.302,000 123,909,000 1926 58,171,000 75,277,000 133,448,000 1927 (revised) 88,409,000 63,594,000 152,003,000 1928 Preliminary 75,031,000 78,744,000 153,775,000 DISTRIBUTION OF FARM INCOME Sales of crops in 1928 constituted 48.8 per cent of the total farm income compares with 58.2 per cent in 1927 and 43.6 per cent in 1926. Only twice since estimates were started in 1923 has the proportion derived from crop sales exceeded that from livestock sources. These two years were 1924 and 1927, the former being characterized by a relatively larger grain crop with high farm prices and the latter by the largest grain crop yet produced in Montana. In both years the volume of livestock sales tended to reduce compared with that of the preceding year. This finds part explanation at least in the fact that most grain producers also have livestock as do most producers of the other cash crops with the result that in years of good crops or good crop prices there is less incentive to market livestock. Geographically the distribution of farm income will compare favorably with 1927. In central, east central, and some southern sections of the state where crop yields in the aggregate were lower, livestock marketings particularly of cattle were larger, and acted as an offset. 0/^T/?/BaT/OA/ OF- >«>I/?A/ /A/COM£r -4.0 SOURCES OF FARM INCOME Wheat among the crop sources and cattle among the livestock sources both retain their respective first places as sources of the 1928 income. Curiously the decline in wheat income compared with 1927 was just about offset by the gain in cattle income compared with 1927. Wheat income in 1928 represents about 38 per cent of the total farm income and 77.7 per cent of the total crop income. Cat- tle income in 1928 represents about 21 per cent of the total farm income and 40.9 per cent of the total livestock income. Sheep and wool are third place in total farm income and second place in livestock income. Dairy products are fourth place in total farm income and third in livestock income. Next in the series in total farm income come hogs in fifth place; hay in sixth place; poultry in seventh place; flax in eighth place; sugar beets in ninth place and beans in tenth place. 12 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK MARKETED IN 1927 AND 1928 From Crops Total Value All Wheat $ 77,089,000 All Hay 30,192,000 Oats 10 , 490 , 000 Barley 3,861,000 Rye 1,761, 000 Flax 3,034,000 Corn 5 , 161 , 000 Potatoes (white) _ 3,159,000 Apples 384,000 Beans 1 , 920 , 000 Beets, sugar 2,996,000 Peas, canning 158,000 Peas, seed 529.000 Alfalfa seed 257.000 Clover seed 180.000 Truck Crops 445.000 Farm Gardens 4.891,000 Cherries and Misc. Fruits 55,000 Other Crops 50,000 Strawberries ALL CROPS $148,622,000 Sales $71,195,000 5,150.000 622,000 221.000 270.000 2,863,000 259.000 933,000 290,000 1,218,000 2,996,000 158,000 504.000 218.000 95.000 420.000 947,000 50,000 Total Value 64,378 27,126 8,291 3,569 1,488 3,199 4,269 2,340 464 2,402 2,096 209 664 643 135 500 4,164 50 50 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000' 1928 Sales $58,296,000 4,845,000 492,000 206,000 185.000 3,007,000 294,000 701,000 382.000 1,798,000 2,096,000 209,000 626,000 488,000 70,000 485,000 801,000 45,000 $88,409,000 $125,904,000 $75,031,000 LIVESTOCK 1927 Sales 1928 Sales Cattle $23 , 293 , 000 $32 , 207 , 000 Sheep and Lambs 12,333,000 13,944,000 Wool 7,974.000 10,118,000 Dairy Products 10.807.000 11.888.000 Hogs 4,459,000 5,645,000 Poultry 4,188,000 4,314,000 Horses 267,000 347,000 Honey and Wax 268,000 281,000 TOTAL $63,594,000 $78,744,000 * Value of strawberry crop not available for 1927 but included in 1928 total value. 13 TOTAL VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED 1927 AND 1928 1927 Revised Value 1928 Dec. Estimate Value Rank First Ten DISTRICT AND COUNTY NORTHWESTERN Flathead $ 1.624,600 508,700 1,728,400 690,700 3,775,800 6,613,700 646.800 6.737.700 1,324,600 4,102,800 4,517,800 1.526,600 4,487,100 3,173,700 4,561.200 6,425,200 5.695,900 461,000 558,400 187.500 1,167.300 1,394,600 1,917,100 1.694,300 4.564,100 7.158,200 1.182.300 830,400 4,001,000 1,862,800 1.044.900 1.727,100 216.500 1,073,700 4,211,400 1.943,100 2.847,100 1.899,700 4.782.300 1,790,800 3,108,600 1.729,600 260,600 3.673,700 4,506,400 2.063.600 3.399,700 1.711,600 6,848,700 2,919.600 1.518,600 1,490,500 2.690.300 , 1.282,100 2,703.200 1,163.600 $ 1.434.400 443.400 1.418.800 668,600 1927 1 1928 Lincoln Lake Sanders NORTH CENTRAL 1 3,449,300 1 4.993.600 1 3 1 1 5 Glacier 626.500 4,854,700 1,263,700 3,664,000 1 4,046,900 6 1 1 1 10 Hill 6 Liberty Teton Toole 1.288,000 1 NORTHEASTERN Daniels 1 4,122.800 2.728,800 4,377,400 6,055,100 6,049,100 407,800 594.800 172,200 1,110,900 1,189,700 1,917,400 1,207,100 4,123.300 6.458,300 877,400 688.200 2,801,300 1,543.800 820,700 1.198.100 170.900 968,300 3,525,400 1,626.000 2,299,300 1,304.600 4.249.000 1,555,800 2,104,000 1,678.400 186,700 3,261,600 4,426,300 1,944,200 2,660,700 1.474,300 5,362,600 2,603,200 1,274,600 1,216,700 2,101.600 1,311,600 2,177.400 987,800 1 9 4 6 8 1 7 2 Phillips 8 Sheridan 2 Valley 4 WEST CENTRAL Mineral Powell CENTRAL C&sc&d6 10 1 Onldpn Vallev Musselshell Wheatland EAST CENTRAL Dawson Garfield Prairie Richland 9 Wibaux SOUTHWESTERN Beaverhead Silver Bow SOUTH CENTRAL Carbon Gallatin 7 Park Stillwater Sweet Grass 3 SOUTHEASTERN Big Horn Carter Custer Fallon Powder River Rosebud Treasure STATE TOTALS | $146,622,000 $126,886,000 ■EWA>'> *»;:'-i-?' '.7 . .' i.tf wr*!.-"' -' ''V -.,."^,.'' • ■■; ,'-^r/--.-X- -.----Wr^ m:' :' :?: .••^ ^miA Mdm^ TOTAL VALUE OF LIVESTOCK SALES AND SALES OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS < t 1927 Revised i Value 1928 Dec. Estimate Value Rank First Ten DISTRICT AND COUNTY NORTHWESTERN Flathead $ 529,700 287,600 825,800 881,100 2,781,900 1,632,900 2,066,600 1,018,800 413,600 892,300 953,200 991,400 656,500 1,959,200 1,119.800 965,300 1,886,600 226,200 1,181,400 131,000 424,200 957,000 1,664,700 744,400 2,553,600 2,429,400 476,800 431,300 1,785,800 1,862,100 1,084,000 511,700 116,000 1,323,300 669,000 880,000 528,000 473.000 818.900 286,900 3,258,400 1,778,500 691,300 2,668,500 1,754,700 2,175,200 1,349,800 1,427,600 1,840,600 1,053,900 965,800 667,700 568,600 816,700 916,700 334,000 $ 617,700 330,200 994,400 1,069,800 3.544,300 2,059,400 2,555,600 1.258.200 518,700 1,070,200 1,158,200 • 1,263,500 828,000 2,495,900 1,445,100 1,199,400 2,845,000 264,500 1,496,000 153,500 1927 2 7 8 1928 Lake NORTH CENTRAL Blaine 2 Chouteau Glacier 7 Hill Liberty Pondera Teton Toole NORTHEASTERN Daniels Phillips 8 Roosevelt Sheridan Valley WEST CENTRAL Granite Mineral Missoula 494,700 1,142.100 2,011,400 923,600 - Powell Ravalli CENTRAL Broadwater Cascade 3.152,200 3,041,300 579,500 521,400 2,201.200 2.299.600 1,298,500 630,400 145,500 1,648,100 810,200 1,088,400 644,800 585,500 1,001.400 340,300 4,038.200 2,166 000 4 5 9 1 4 5 Golden Valley Jefferson Judith Basin Lewis and Clark 10 Musselshell Petroleum Wheatland EAST CENTRAL Garfield McCone Prairie Richland Wibaux SOUTHWESTERN Beaverhead Silver Bow 755,800 1 1 3,361,400 1 3 2 155 200 1 SOUTH CENTRAL Carbon 3 Gallatin Park .. . 2,666,300 1,650,500 1,719,700 2,327,400 1,345,900 1,198,200 831,300 699,600 1,046.600 1,127,800 426,400 •6 10 g Stillwater Sweet Grass Yellowstone SOUTHEASTERN Big Horn 9 Carter Custer Fallon Powder River Rosebud Treasure STATE TOTALS $ 63,589,000 $ 78,744,000 i/ALUE or CROPS AND LI\/£STOCK MARKETED BV COUNTIES /N 1923 m/lliom:5 COUNTY^ F£RGUS . WALLEV CASCADE SHERtDAN CHOUTEAU BLA/NE CARBON GALLATIN BEAVERHEAD H/LL ROOSEVELT RICHLAND PHILLIPS TETON JUDITH BASIN DANIELS PONDERA PARK DAWSON STILLWATER RAVALLI BI6 HORN LEkVISe/CLARK MADISON ROSEBUD SWEETGRASS GLACIER MCCONE rAL,LON GARFIELD kVHEATLAND TOOI.E CARTER LAKE POIVDER RIVER^m. POWELL BROADWATER MEAGHER (5RAN/TE FLATHEAD CU^T-ER WIBAUX RRAIRIE MUSSELSHELL I. IBERTV SANDERS MISSaULA _ GOLDEN VALLEy^mM TREASURE UEFFERSON SILVER BOW^mm L/NCOLN DEER LODGE MINERAL PETROLEUM^ OF DOLLARS S 9 legend: crops LIVESTOCK CROP PRODUCTION 1928 1928 SECOND LARGEST CROP PRODUCTION YEAR Following 1927, the greatest crop year in Montana from a quantity stand- point, 1928 has witnessed a season of production second only to that of its record year. In combined yields of all crops as a percentage of their 10-year average yields, Montana in 1928 exceeded all other states except Kansas, whereas in 1927 Montana ranked first. In total acreage harvested, 1928 in Montana, with 7,690,000 acres, exceeded the preceding record year of 1927 when acreage harvested was 7,535,800. In total production reduced to ton basis, 1928 fell below the record of 1927, the estimates being 6,591,824 tons for 1928 against 7,519,146 tons for 1927. In quality of crops the 1928 season if anything favored a slightly higher quality for most crops, due to better weather for maturing and curing yields. Weights per measured bushel for grains in 1928 compared very closely with those of 1927, being slightly higher for wheat and slightly lower for oats and barley. THE STATE'S RANK IN CROP PRODUCTION In comparative rank among other states in production, Montana in 1928 raised in rank in winter wheat, rye, apples, alfalfa seed and tame hay; held her 1927 rank in all wheat, spring wheat, flax, all hay and wild hay and dropped slightly compared with the 1927 ranking in case of oats, barley, corn, potatoes, beans and sugar beets. The following table shows Montana's rank in national production during the past four years: CROPS All whea 'hear.'.""". /"heat 1925 4 2 23 16 1926 4 2 19 17 15 9 4 29 IGHT P] 1923 59.4 1927 1928 3 3 2 2 13 12 16 17 10 13 7 6 4 4 31 83 SR MEASUR (Pot 1924 60.3 59.5 36.5 50.0 CROPS Potatoes 1925 24 1926 1927 29 26 7 6 8 9 39 38 10 17 14 11 6 17 16 GRAINS 10 Yr. Av. 59.5 58.8 35.9 48.5 19 59 59 37 48 1928 28 Spring W Beans (dry) 6 7 Winter ^^ Oats Sugar Beets Apples ""!""!" 43 10 3r» Barley .. 14 Alfalfa Seed ... 7 Rye 9 All Hay 14 Flax 4 Wild Hay 6 6 Corn 31 ESTIMATED WE Wheat Tame Hay 17 14 Winter ED BUSHEL OF inds) 1925 1926 58.0 59.5 58.0 58.5 36.0 35.0 49.0 47.0 MONTANA 1927 59.5 59.4 37.0 49.0 28 5 Spring Wheat .... 59.8 7 Oats ... .... 37.2 0 Barley .... 49.0 .8 MONTANA SECOND IN COMPOSITE YIELDS All crops in Montana in 1928 averaged 29.3 per cent higher than the com- bined 10-year average yields of these crops. In 1927 yields on the same basis of comparison were 57.2 per cent above average. While Montana, in 1927, led all states in the nation in composite jrields of all crops, in 1928 her record was beaten only by Kansas where composite yield was 30.9 per cent above average. States surrounding Montana failed to approach her 1928 record except North Dakota whose composite jdeld was 22.2 per cent above average. Washington and Idaho yields were both above average while those of Wyoming and South Dakota fell below average. Nationally in 1928 there were 31 states with composite yields of all crops above average compared with 27 states so rated in 1927. COMPOSITE OF CROP YIELDS BY STATES MONTANA 129.8 California „ 112.4 Kansas 130.9 West Virginia ^ 112.2 North Dakota 122.2 Louisiana „. 109.9 Oregon 112.9 Washington 109.1 New Hampshire 113.0 Virginia 109.8 UNITED STATES 108.6 COMPOSITE OF CROP YIELDS BY CROPS CROPS Montana U. S. CROPS Montana U. S. Com 115.2 101.4 Rye 127.3 89.0 Winter Wheat ,.„„.^.. 111.1 107.4 Flax 177.1 94.7 Spring Wheat ..„.. ,^ 168.1 119.0 Tame Hay 122.2 105.8 Oats ;..'.?.:.... 149.0 111.9 Wild Hay 112.5 98.0 Barley & 151.0 114.9 Potatoes 111.7 113.7 COMA^OS/TS or CROf^ \^/EL.DS /30 /20 / /O 1 I ■ ■ ■ II. PERCENTAGE OF CROPS SOLD Varying percentages of crops produced are sold yearly for cash, the amount sold varying with changes in production. As a rule the percentage retained on farms for seed, feed and other consumption is fairly constant. Reporters are asked during the season to estimate the percentage of various crops sold or to be sold for shipment out of the county where grown. With this information as a basis, combined with the experience of past years as to amounts of crop pro- duction moving out of Montana in commercial channels, the following estimates of percentage of crops sold has been determined. PERCENTAGE CROPS 1927 All Wheat 92 All Hay 17 Oats 6 Barley 6 Rye 15 Flaxseed 94 Corn 50 Potatoes 38 Apples 76 OF 1928 18 12 CROPS MARKETED CROPS 1927 1928 Cherries 80 89 Beans 63 75 Sugar Beets 100 100 Truck Crops 94 95 Canning Peas 100 100 Alfalfa Seed 85 90 Clover Seed 53 52 Seed Peas 95 94 Farm Gardens 17 18 18 ACREAGE SHIFTS IN 1928 Nineteen twenty-eight witnessed a substantial increase in acreage plans over acreage harvested in 1927, which although somewhat curtailed by dry weather in case of spring plantings, resulted in a harvested area of all crops of 7,690,000 acres compared with the 1927 revised estimate of total harvested acreage of 7,535,800 acres. In the grain crops total 1928 shows 5,426,000 acres harvested compared with 5,080,000 in 1927. For seed crops the 1928 harvested acreage was 281,500 com- pared with 223,000 in 1927. In hay and forage crops, largely as a result of a larger 1928 abandonment, the total was 1,900,000 acres compared with 2,139,000 acres harvested in 1927. In this group wild hay is principally responsible for the reduction. The area of wild hay cut in 1927 or 865,000 acres was probably one of the largest ever cut for wild hay in Montana and came about by reason of the favorable moisture of 1927. In 1928, wild hay acreage shrank to 606,000 acres. Miscellaneous crops in acreage harvested in 1928 show a slight increase over the total for 1927. Acreage of crop failure in Montana in 1928 more than doubled that estimated in 1927 which was a low record for the state. At 592,000 acres the 1928 crop failure estimate includes a large abandonment of winter wheat acreage that was re-seeded to spring wheat. A survey of more than 1,100 farms in September 1928 indicated for the state, an increase in summer fallowed plow lands of about 11 per cent. A table showing 1928 acreage estimates compared with preceding years and the 1924 census base follows: ACREAGE CHANGES 1928 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 Acres A.cres Aeres Acres Acres TOTAL LAND AREA 93,532,840 Land in Farms 32,735,723 Pasture Land 22,714,811 Improved pasture land 4,144,050 Wild ;. 17,249,146 Woodland 1,311,615 Other Land 1,546,688 Total Crop Land 8,650,000 8,691,000 Total Acres in Crops 6,595,000 6,797,000 Grain Crops Total 4,526,000 4,490,000 Corn 420,000 399,000 All Wheat 3,163,0o0 3,250,000 Winter Wheat 620.^00 224,000 Spring Wheat 2,543,000 3,026,000 ♦Durum Wheat 39,000 32,000 Oats 550,000 605,000 Barley 104,000 156.(00 Rye 80,000 80,000 Other Crops Total 320,000 347.000 Beans 25,000 37.000 Seed Peas 24.000 28,000 Flaxseed 246.000 244,000 Clover Seed (sweet) 3,000 7,000 Alfalfa Seed 19,000 28.000 All Hay and Forage 1,879,000 1,882,000 Timothy 100,000 100.000 All Clover 51,000 55,000 Timothy and Clover Mixed .... 157.000 157,000 Alfalfa Hay 598,000 604,000 Grain Cut for Hay 190,000 211,000 All Other Tame Hay 110,000 105.000 Wild Hay (cut) 673,000 650.000 Potatoes 34,000 35,000 Other Vegetables 5,000 5,000 Sugar Beets 31.000- 30,000 Canning Peas 1.900 3,100 Crop Failure 308.000 373,000 Idle and Fallow Land 1,750,000 1,800,000 Fruit Crops (acres) 8.000 8,000 Apple Trees (number) 712,000 650,000 Plums (number) 19.000 19,000 * Durum wheat included in Spring Wheat. 19 8 ,710,000 9,385,800 10,086,000 6 ,817,000 7,535.800 7,690,000 4 ,827,000 5,080,000 5,426,000 359,000 305,000 274,000 3 ,570,000 3,850,000 4,235,000 521,000 648,000 810,000 3 ,049,000 3,202,000 3,425,000 14,000 15,000 15,000 641,000 596,000 554,000 150,000 195,000 209,000 107,000 134,000 154,000 263,000 223,000 281,500 43,000 32,000 43,000 27,000 14,000 19,000 165,000 170,000 196,000 6,000 6,000 7,000 23,000 11,000 16.600 1 ,644,000 2,139,000 1,900,000 101,000 101,000 106,000 60,000 66.000 67,000 140,000 154,000 162,000 592,000 710,000 689,000 274,000 140,000 168,000 94,000 113,000 102,000 393,000 865,000 606,000 35,000 36,000 87,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 32,000 32,000 29,000 2,000 2,800 8,500 785,000 210,000 692,000 ] ,100,000 1,640,000 1,804.000 8,000 8,000 8,000 577,000 577,000 677,000 19,000 19,000 19,000 TOTAL CROP TONNAGE 1928 WITH COMPARISONS Total tonnage of all principal crops in Montana in 1928 was 6 591,824 tons compared with the revised estimate for 1927 of 7,519,146 tons. The 1928 crop therefore was 12.3 per cent below the out-turn of 1927, but considering the fact that the 1927 production exceeded that of the largest preceding year by more than 37 per cent, the 1928 total tonnage is the second largest year by a wide margin. CROPS Com All Wheat Oats Barley Rye Flax All Hay Potatoes Beans Seed Peas Canning Peas Alfalfa Seed . Sugar Beets ... Cherries Clover Seed ... Apples TONNAGE PRODUCTION OF MONTANA CROPS TOTAL TONNAGE 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 226,800 197,520 118,470 215,040 156,180 1 553.970 1,050,630 1,387,064 2,406,240 2,316,540 259.600 217.792 266,656 381,440 323,536 62.400 78.624 186.400 154,440 152,976 33.600 30,000 35,952 72,360 64,680 59,920 30,744 19,404 48.552 46,648 2 708,000 2,631,000 2,263,000 3,701,000 3,103,000 89,760 113,400 89,250 136,080 119,140 16.800 12,936 12,900 19,200 18,720 n,760 15,630 16,200 8,820 9,960 2.100 3.984 3,792 3,100 3,800 1,410 2.340 1.860 594 1,188 365.000 315,000 352.000 364,000 262,000 200 260 325 300 127 270 660 900 900 945 6.960 1,920 8,304 4,662,477 7,080 7.519,146 12,884 5 ,398,550 4,702,440 6,591,824 AVERAGE YIELDS PER ACRE IN 1928 Average yields per acre of all principal crops in 1928, except alfalfa seed, fell below the high yields of 1927. In case of alfalfa seed the 1927 yield was below average due to unfavorable weather at the time the seed was setting. While 1928 conditions were more favorable than 1927 and 1928 yield of alfalfa seed was below that of the three seasons preceding 1927. Grain yields on the whole averaged but moderately below the 1927 yields, but the difference was somewhat larger in case of such later maturing crops as com, potatoes, sugar beets and beans. Hay yields, while considerably below those of 1927 on the first cuttings, made up some of the difference on later cuttings with the season's average falling below that of 1927 by less than 10 per cent. In all cases the 1928 yields per acre exceeded those of the five year average (1920-1924). Comparison of 1928 state average yields with those of preceding years and average is made in the following table: CROP AVERAGE ACRE YIELDS In Units of Bushels 1924 Spring Wheat 16.20 Winter Wheat 17.10 Corn - 18.00 Oats 29.50 Barley 25.00 Rye 14.00 Flax 8.70 Potatoes 88.00 Tame Hay 1.71 Wild Hay 90 Beans 12.00 Susrar Beets pt for Hay and Sugar Beets in Tons. 1925 1926 1927 5-yr . Av . 1920-24 1928 10.50 12.20 20.60 13.30 19.00 14.50 14.00 22.00 16.10 15.00 16.50 11.00 23.50 20.10 19.00 22.50 26.00 40.00 28.10 36.50 21.50 24.00 33.00 22.80 80.50 12.50 12.00 18.00 11.60 14.00 4.50 4.70 10.20 6.30 8.50 108.00 85.00 135.00 108.80 115.00 1.65 1.59 2.12 1.76 1.98 .90 .80 1.16 .89 .90 12.50 10.00 20.00 12.20 14.50 11.00 11.40 9.00 20 ACRE VALUES OF YIELDS The average yields per acre multiplied by the average price per bushel or ton show that the average acre values in 1928 in most cases were below those of 1927. All wheat with a value per acre of $15.18 in 1928 compares with the 1927 value of $19.98. Spring wheat alone had an acre value of $15.96 this year com- pared with $19.98 in 1927 while winter wheat this year was worth but $12.00 per acre compared with $20.24 in 1927. Potatoes show the largest loss in acre values being worth $63.25 in 1928 compared with $87.75 in 1927. ACRE VALUE (Average yield per acre times farm price per bu. or ton) CROP 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 5-yr. Av. Spring Wheat $15.96 $20.09 $14.70 $13.92 $19.98 $13.48 Winter Wheat 12.00 21.20 19.29 14.98 20.24 15.18 Corn 15.58 17.82 15.68 10.12 16.92 14.18 Oats 14.97 13.82 11.92 13.78 17.60 11.52 Barley 17.08 17.25 15.12 15.36 19.80 13.19 Rye 9.66 12.74 9.25 9.00 13.14 8.10 Flax 16.32 19.22 9.90 8.69 17.85 12.16 Potatoes 63.25 76.56 172.80 102.00 87.75 81.19 Tame Hay 17.62 17.64 16.61 16.50 17.80 17.62 Wild Hay 7.20 8.10 8.10 7.60 8.63 7,60 Beans 55.83 39.60 38.13 28.00 60.00 • Sugar Beets 72.00 70.87 86.13 93.71 • * Records for less than 5 year period. 21 ACREAGE, YIELD PER ACRE, PRODUCTION, FARM PRICE PER UNIT ON DECEMBER 1 AND TOTAL FARM VALUE FOR THE STATE FOR 1926-1927-1928 CROP AND YEAR Acreage Acre Yield Production Dec. 1 Unit Price Farm Value Acre Value ALL WHEAT 1928 4 , 235 , 000 1927 8 , 850 . 000 1926 3 , 570 . 000 SPRING WHEAT 1928 3,410,000 1927 3 , 187 , 000 1926 3,049,000 DURUM WHEAT 1928 15,000 1927 15,000 1926 14,000 WINTER WHEAT 1928 810,000 1927 648,000 1926 448,000 CORN 1928 247,000 1927 305,000 1926 359,000 OATS 1928 554,000 1927 596,000 1926 635,000 BARLEY 1928 209.000 1927 195,000 1926 150,000 RYE 1928 154,000 1927 134,000 1926 107,000 FLAXSEED 1928 196,000 1927 170,000 1926 171,000 POTATOES 1928 37,000 1927 36,000 1926 35,000 BEANS 1928 _ 43,000 1927 32,000 1926 43,000 SUGAR BEETS (tons) 1928. 29,000 1927 32,000 1926 30,000 SEED PEAS 1928 19,000 1927 14.000 1926 26,000 CANNING PEAS (tons) 1928 3,500 1927 2,800 1926 4,300 ALFALFA SEED 1928 16,500 1927 11,000 1926 23,000 CLOVER SEED (sweet) 1928 7,000 1927 6,000 1926 5,000 TAME HAY (tons) 1928 1 , 294 , 000 1927 1 , 274 , 000 1926 1,309.000 WILD HAY (tons) 1928 606,000 1927 865,000 1926 898,000 18.2 20.8 12.5 77,218,000 80,208,000 44,744,000 $ 0.884 0.961 1.12 $64,378,000 77,089,000 50.113,000 $15.18 19.98 14.00 19.0 20.6 12.3 64,790,000 65,652,000 37,450,000 0.84 0.97 1.13 54,424,000 63,682,000 42,318,000 15.96 19.98 13.78 18.5 20.0 8.6 278,000 300,000 120,000 0.84 0.97 1.13 234,000 291,000 135,600 15.54 19.40 9.72 15.0 22.0 14.0 12,150,000 14,256,000 7,294,000 0.80 0.92 1.07 9,720,000 13,117,000 7,805,000 12.00 20.24 14.98 19.0 23.5 11.0 5,206,000 7,168,000 3,949,000 0.82 0.72 0.92 4,269,000 5,161,000 3,633,000 15.98 16.92 10.12 36.5 40.0 26.0 20,221,000 23,840,000 16,510,000 0.41 0.44 0.53 8,291,000 10,490,000 7,214,000 14.97 17.60 11.92 30.5 33.0 24.0 6,374.000 0,435,000 3,600,000 0.56 0.60 0.64 3,569,000 3,861,000 . 2,304,000 17.08 19.80 15.36 14.0 18.0 12.0 2,156,000 2,412,000 1,284,000 0.69 0.73 0.75 1,468,000 1,761,000 963,000 9.66 13.14 9.00 8.5 10.2 4.7 1,666,000 1,734,000 804,000 1.92 1.75 1.85 3,199,000 3,034,000 1,486,000 16.32 17.85 8.69 115.0 135.0 85.0 4,255,000 4,860,000 2,975,000 0.55 0.65 1.20 2,340,000 3,159,000 3,570,000 63.25 87.75 102.00 14.5 20.0 10.0 624,000 640,000 430,000 3.85 3.00 2.80 2,402,000 1,920,000 1,204,000 55.88 60.00 28.00 9.0 11.4 11.6 262,000 364,000 348,000 8.00 8.22 7.82 2,096,000 2,996,000 2,724,000 72.00 93.71 90.71 17.5 21.0 20.0 332,000 294.000 520,000 2.00 1.80 2.00 664,000 629,000 1,040,000 35.00 54.00 40.00 1.08 1.10 1.00 3.800 3.100 4,300 55.00 51.00 50.00 209,000 158,000 215,000 59.40 56.10 50.00 2.40 1.80 2.70 39,600 19,800 62,000 13.70 13.20 13.50 543,000 257.000 837,000 82.88 23.40 36.45 4.50 5.00 5.00 81,500 30,000 25,000 4.80 6.00 6.00 135.000 180,000 150,000 19.85 30.00 80.00 1.98 2.12 1.58 2,558,000 2,706,000 2,063,000 8.90 8.40 10.50 22,766,000 22,780,000 21,662,000 17.62 17.80 16.59 .90 1.15 .80 545.000 995,000 814.000 8.00 7.50 9.50 4,360.000 7,462.000 2,988,000 7.20 8.63 7.60 22 CROP AND YEAR Acreage Acre Production Dec. 1 Unit Price Farm Value Acre Value APPLES 1928 516,000 0.90 295,000 1.30 325,000 1.20 127 181.00 300 100.00 TOTAL VALUE 1928 1927 464,000 384,000 390,000 23,000 30,000 ^21, 141, 100, 1927 1926 CHERRIES AND MISC FRUITS (tons) 1928 . ... 1927 "~ ♦1926 TOTAL ACRES 1928 No data compiled. 7,677 000 176 000 1927 7,523,000 202 000 1926 6,885,000 1926... ,470.000 UNITED STATES ESTIMATES OF PRINCIPAL CROPS, ACREAGE YIELD PER ACRE, PRODUCTION, FARM PRICE PER UNIT ON DECEMBER 1 AND TOTAL FARM VALUE FOR 1928 WITH 1927 FOR COMPARISON CROP AND YEAR Acreage Yield Per Acre Total Production Unit Tj,„ T>^j„« Total Farm nnnJ^- ? Value Based on Dec. 1 t» i Per Unit (Cents) on Dec . 1 Farm Price (Dollars) CORN 1927 93 , 393 , 1928 100,761, WINTER WHEAT 1927.... 37,723, 1928 36,179 DURUM WHEAT 4 States 1927 5,484, 1928.. 6,711, OTHER SPRING WHEAT, U. S. 1927 15,577, 1928 14,834, ALL WHEAT 1927 58,784, 1928 57,724, OATS 1927 41,941, 1928 41,733, BARLEY 1927 9,476, 1928 12,539, RYE 1927 3,648, 1928 3,444, FLAXSEED 1927 2,837, 1928 2,721, ALL HAY 1927 75,098, 1928 70,919, CLOVER SEED 1927 1,214, 1928 713, BEANS, ediblet 1927 1,571, 1928 1,577, POTATOES 1927 3,476, 1928 3,825, SUGAR BEETS 1927 721, 1928 646 APPLES 1927 1928 • t Principal producing states . 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 28.1 28.2 14.7 16.0 14.4 13.8 15.8 15.6 14.9 15.6 28.2 34.7 28.1 28.5 15.9 12.1 9.1 7.1 1.63 1.49 1.42 1.55 10.3 10.5 115.9 121.0 10.8 10.9 2.763,093,000 2,839,959,000 552,747,000 578,964,000 79,100,000 92,770,000 bu. 246,527, 231,015, 878,374, 902,749, 1,182,594. 1,449,531, 265,882, 356,868, 58,164, 41,766, 25,847, 19.321, 123,327, 105,953, 1,727, 1,106, 16,181, 16,598, 402,741, 462,943, 7,753, 7,040, 123.693, 184,920, * Price other than Dec. 1, 23 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 tons bu. tons bu. .723 .751 1,997,759,000 2,132,991,000 1.167 1.036 645,326,000 599,557,000 1.006 .719 79,591,000 66,739,000 1.034 .913 254,896,000 210,897,000 1.115 .972 979,813,000 877,193,000 .450 .409 531,762,000 592,674,000 .678 .552 180,200,000 197,128,000 .853 .864 49,609,000 36,067,000 1.860 2.011 48,070,000 38,857,000 10.68 11.74 1,317,157,000 1,243,359,000 15.22 16.31 26,299,000 18,038,000 2.88 4.17 46,612,000 69,294,000 .965* .540* 388,741,000 250,043,000 7.67* 7.18 59,455,000 50,525,000 1.386 1.001 171,394,000 185,126,000 WHEAT Montana's second largest wheat crop faced a less favorable market demand during the first half of the 1928 marketing season (July to December) than was the case with the big 1927 crop. Protein premiums likewise were reduced compared with those of the 1927 crop although the average protein content was slightly higher than in 1927 and the proportion of the crop sold on a protein basis was larger as indexed by the number of protein tests made in both seasons. In case of winter wheat producers in Montana in 1928, lower yields per acre combined with lower prices for wheat than in 1927 accentuated difficulties of growers and was partly responsible for the strong decrease in acreage of winter wheat seeded in the fall of 1928. On basis of the state average yield of 15.0 bushels and the December 1 average farm price of winter wheat of 80 cents the 1928 crop had an acre value of but $12.00 compared with $20.24 per acre for the 1927 crop. In case of spring wheat where yields were more nearly up to the average for 1927, the 1928 crop had an acre value of $15.96 compared with $19.98 per acre for the 1927 crop. The large bulk of Montana wheat production being spring wheat gave the average acre value of the entire crop in 1928 of $15.18 compared with $19.98 per acre for the 1927 crop. PRODUCTION, MARKETINGS AND PRICES IN 1928 Total production of wheat in Montana in 1928 was estimated finally at 77,- 218,000 bushels, compared with 80,208,000 bushels in 1927 and 44,665,000 bushels in 1926. Marketings of 1928 wheat during the first half of the crop year were heavier than for the corresponding period for the 1927 crop and prices during this period averaged lower compared both with 1927 and 1926. The 1928 crop has averaged a quality and test weight about as favorable as in 1927 and above that of the 1926 crop. In protein, tests indicate a slight increase in the content of the 1928 crop compai:?d with 1927, but lower compared with 1926, and slightly lower than the five-year average. Market movement of the 1928 crop during the first half of the marketing season compared with movement during this period for the 1927 and 1926 crops TJ^^rsfas ar \a/he:at produotion UM / T^D ^T^TEIS ^ / \ > r / / ^ / _ -1 X \ \ \ \ %■ \ 24 is indicated by the following data on car-lot movement reported by the railroad carriers to the Montana Railroad Commission: CARS OF WHEAT MOVING EACH MONTH MONTH 1928 Crop 1927 Crop 1926 Crop (Cars)* (Cars)* (Cars)* July 930 1,028 1,022 August 4,227 3,425 4,068 September 12,967 12,147 4,085 October 8.153 9,853 5,879 November 5,974 4,630 • 2,635 December 2,585 2,321 1,336 July-Dec. Total 34,836 33,404 17,025 Considering the fact that the 1928 crop was about 3 million bushels smaller than the 1927 crop and less than double the 1926 crop, the market movement of the 1928 crop to December 1 shows that it has been about 1,700,000 bushels larger than that of 1927 and more than double that of 1926. Weather that permitted a more rapid movement from the farm, the increased use of combine threshers and the apparent lack of confidence on part of growers in the general market outlook all contributed to bring about the heavy 1928 move- ment. 1928 TEST WEIGHTS HIGH The average test weight per measured bushel of winter wheat in 1928 was 69.5 pounds compared with the same figure in 1927 and for the 10-year average weight. In case of spring wheat the 1928 test weight was 59.7 pounds compared with 59.4 pounds in 1927 and the 10-year average weight of 58.8 pounds per bushel. 68 PER CENT OF SPRING WHEAT GRADED NO. 1 In the proportion of spring wheat in the higher grades, judging from the test weights of both crops, the 1928 crop should exceed that of 1927 when 68.0 per cent of the crop graded Number 1 and 90 per cent of the crop graded above Number 4. In this respect Montana usually leads all other states and is far above the average for the United States which in 1927 gave 46.2 per cent in number 1 grade. In 1927 Montana produced 29.8 per cent of the nation's production of number one grade spring wheat and in 1928 will have supplied an equally large if not slightly larger proportion. THE PROTEIN SITUATION Montana's wheat, always relatively high in protein content of both spring and winter wheats, has returned growers a premium over other wheat of the same grade but lower protein. To what extent the old system of marketing wheat on grade alone has reflected the protein value of the wheat back to the grower is uncertain, but it has been felt by growers that this value was mostly lost under the old system. The practice therefore of testing wheat for protein value and marketing the wheat on a protein basis has developed markedly in Montana in recent years. In 1928 the demand on part of producers for new state laboratories to test protein resulted in the installation of new plants at five points. TRJEMD ar ^LL VS^HE^T ^CRETy^GE ( < ^,000,000 3,000^000 2,000,000 /, 000,000 ^ v^ ^ / \ / ^ - ,/ > r > — / ^ *y ^ y .** ' i^s^ 5Q^5jl555<)!ok^^§J^8JSX§§^^ \_ As a result, to January 1 in 1929, these laboratories had tested over 38,000 samples of 1928 wheat against 13,891 samples tested at the Great Falls laboratory alone for the entire 1927 marketing season. In addition to the 6 laboratories operated by the State Department of Agriculture, the State Agricultural Col- lege at Bozeman has a laboratory that has been in operation for several years. 25 With the added facilities for protein tests in 1928, it follows that a relatively- larger proportion of the 1928 crop will be sold with reference to its protein value than has been the case in preceding years. PROTEIN PRICES The bulk of Montana wheat goes to Minneapolis and Duluth markets. The trend of protein premiums at the Minneapolis market since the 1928 marketing season began have tended to follow down the decline in the future prices. Where number 1 dark northern spring wheat of 14 per cent protein on September 15, 1928, was selling at 24 cents premium over December, the same wheat on Oc- tober 15 was selling at 17 cents over. Subsequently premiums improved for a while and on November 15th the premium for 14 per cent protein over December was 21 cents; but by December 31 it had dropped again to 18 V^ cents. Premiums for the same wheat during January (1929): to date have held fairly close to 19 cents. 1928 Shipping Season Aug. 15 QUOTATIONS FOR NO 14% Protein * $1.85 . 1 D. N. 13% Protein * $1.27 1.28 1.28 1.22 1.20 1.24 1.23 1.24 1.21 1.17 MINNEAPOLIS 12% Dec. Protein Future * 1928t $1.18 $1.15 1.17 1.13 1.17 1.11 1.15 1.12 1.12 1.11 1.13 1.12 1.13 1.11 1.15 1.11 1.13 1.10 1.10 1.07 Dec. Future 1927t $1.45 Sept. 1 . 1.36 1 36 Sept. 15 ... 1,35 1.27 Oct. 1 1 80 1.28 Oct. Nov. Nov. Dec. Dec. 15 1 16 — 1 ....'... 15 ■"••"••"" 1.28 1.31 1.82 1 ?3 1,29 1.27 1.23 1.24 1.26 1.23 Dec. 31 1.251/^ 1 23 * Average of range quoted . t Closing prices. The opinion of the State Department of Agriculture is that the 1928 wheat crop in Montana will average a protein content about 1 per cent higher than in 1927 when the state average was placed at 12.21 per cent. The average for the 1926 crop was 13.91 per cent and that of the 1925 crop was 14.29 per cent. The five year average for the state is 13.41 per cent. Year 1923 1924 : 1926 1926 10,101 1927 1928 Number of Av. Protein Tests Content % 1.322 13.12 2,894 13.55 9.271 14.29 10,101 13.91 15,826 12.21 13.20 (estimated) Valuing the protein of Montana wheat in the form of additional cash returns to growers requires that there be known the proportions of wheat that comes within the different protein classifications of 12, 13, 14 and 15 per cent on which prices are quoted as well as the amounts of wheat sold monthly at least in order to allow for the fluctuations in the premiums themselves. With the building ^\/£:i^AGE: -y^iEiLD^ ^f=>fZiNG whe:^t 20 y \ / \ ;20 /o "■ ^ s "^ s _J 7 ^ V ^ — ^ \ -^ f- \ / \ / \ f- up of laboratory records and monthly records of shipments, it will soon be possible to approximate the money value that protein adds to Montana wheat. Meanwhile the rough estimates place this value upwards of three millions of dollars, as- suming that a third of the entire 1928 crop will secure an average protein value to growers of 10 cents per bushel. If allowance is made for indirect reflection of protein value in the card price where the wheat is not actually sold on sample, this estimate of value would be raised. 26 DOCKAGE IN 1928 WHEAT The accompanying map, prepared by the office of Grain Investigations of the United States Department of Agriculture, shows that the percentage of dockage in Montana wheat from the 1928 crop averaged 2.6 per cent compared with 8.4 per cent for North Dakota; 7.3 per cent for South Dakota and 6.2 per cent for Minnesota. Similar reports for preceding years have placed Montana the lowest in per- centage of dockage among the Spring Wheat States. The newer and cleaner soils of Montana are reflected in this comparison, but it is also a fact that Montana farmers by summer fallow and rotations are at- tempting to keep down the weed problem that continuous grain cropping has brought about in the older areas of the Spring Wheat Region. Dockage in Wheat as Threshed in 1928 Average Per Cent by Counties Average Dockage for North Dakota -8A%: South Dakota -7. 3% Minnesota-6.2% and Montana-2.6% GRAIN INVESTIGATIONS UNITCO STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 8URCAU OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS NATIONAL SITUATION OF WHEAT PRODUCERS IN 1928 Producers of wheat in the United States in 1928 faced a situation wherein v/ith a 1928 production of 903 million bushels or but 25 million bushels larger than in 1927, and partly offset by a reduction in carryover of old wheat in July of about 7 million bushels less than in July 1927, they encountered a world sup- ply situation wherein the world crop outside of Russia and China was estimated at 100 million bushels larger than the preceding crop, with Canada an important export producer claiming to have an export surplus 60 million bushels larger than, that of the big 1927 crop. Europe, the principal world market, on the other hand in 24 important counties had produced a crop in 1928 that was about 108 million bushels larger than in 1927. The more distant factors in 1928 were the outcome of the southern hemisphere crop and the northern hemisphere winter plantings of wheat for 1929 harvest. World consumers of wheat, 'in view of this supply situation, were not eager buyers with the result that the July to November imports of important European importing countries were only 182 million bushels compared with 195 million bushels for this same period in 1927. Canada, during the period July to No- vember 30th, exported 226 million bushels compared with 122 million bushels for the same period in 1927, but the United States, from July to December 8, had found foreign market for only 93 million bushels compared with 149 million bushels sold abroad in this same period in 1927. Cumulative receipts at 13 important wheat markets in the United States between July and December 1 were about 339 million bushels compared with 326 million bushels in the same period last season. Visible supplies in the United States by December 15th had reached 141 million bushels or about 56 million 27 bushels greater than on December 15, 1927. In Canada, by the end of the calen- dar year, the visible supply had likewise reached a point where it was about 60 million bushels larger than a year ago. From July to December in 1928 wheat prices steadily declined with market- ings of the United States production exceeding those of 1927 during this period and crowding a market that was distinctly a buyers' market. In the United States the area sown for winter wheat in the fall of 1928 was 8.6 per cent smaller than that sown the fall of 1927. A decrease of about 8 per cent was likewise reported by Canada. A somewhat better condition of winter grain compared with a year ago was reported by Russia, Germany and Austria, but acreage information on European winter seedings was not available at this writing. UNITED STATES WHEAT PRODUCTION BY CLASSES IN 1928 A slight reduction in production of hard red spring wheat in 1928 compared with 1927; fairly strong increases in production of durum wheat and hard red winter; a strong reduction in soft red winter wheat and a moderate reduction in white wheat are shown in the table which follows: ESTIMATED PRODUCTION BY CLASSES IN THE UNITED STATES* Year Beginning Hard Red Durum Hard Red Soft Red White Total July Spring Winter Winter (1000 bu.) (1000 bu.) (1000 bu.) (1000 bu.) (1000 bu.) (1000 bu.) 1923 : 126,876 55,269 241,851 271,631 101,767 797,394 1924 192,341 66,105 £64,662 189,441 51,879 864,428 1925 156,052 65,008 205.799 169,792 79,777 676,429 1926 120,834 47,478 360,440 228,886 73,402 831,040 1927 b 201,927 83,162 317,042 180,887 95,356 878,374 1928 c 195,106 97,833 384,176 139,788 85,846 902,749 • Spring and winteir wheats listed do not include the spring and winter in the white wheats. Production estimates are based on the estimate of percentage classification by states as reported for 1920, 1923 and 1924; the percentages for 1921 and 1922 were interpolated from the 1920 and 1923 percentages. The estimated production for recent years is subject to revision. b Revised, c Preliminary. PROTEIN PREMIUMS Protein premiums for both spring and winter wheats through the period July to December 1928 declined to levels below 1927 as the season advanced. Premiums for 14% protein at Minneapolis averaged about 21 cents for November compared with 18 cents in October and 32 cents in November, 1927. Flax production in Montana in 1928 was 1,666,000 bushels compared with 1,734,000 bushels in 1927. Acreage harvested however, in 1928 placed at 196,000, was about 15 per cent larger than the revised acreage for 1927. Yield per acre on the other hand averaged 8.5 bushels in 1928 against an average of 10.2 bushels in 1927. The farm price was higher in 1928 being $1.92 per bushel compared with the average of $1.75 received in 1927. The value per acre for the crop in 1928 was $16.32 or not much below the 1927 value of $17.85. The average value per acre of the crop in 1928 exceeded slightly that of wheat which was $15.18. Montana is fourth among flax producing states in 1928, production being outranked by Minnesota and the two Dakotas. Most of the crop usually is grown in northeastern and eastern Montana, where August frost damage in 1928 reduced the prospect at that time for an average yield about as good as in 1927. A larger acreage sown to flax would probably have resulted in 1928 except for drouth the first half of the seeding season. DOCKAGE IN FLAX Dockage in flax from the 1928 crop was determined by the office of Grain Investigations of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Montana, with an average of 7.4 per cent, is well below the other important flax states. North Dakota shows an average dockage of 15.8 per cent; South Dakota 16.9 percent and Minnesota 16.4 per cent. 28 As was pointed out in case of wheat dockage, Montana, by reason of newer, cleaner soils, does not have the weed problem to the extent noted in the older states of the interior Northwest. Montana farmers are attempting to control weeds by summer fallow and rotation. Dockage in Flax as Threshed in 1928 average per cent by counties Average Dockage for; North Dakota-15.8%- South Dakota -1 6. 9%; Minnesota-l6't%and Montana-7.'*% CRAIN INVeSTIGATIONS UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT Of AGRICULTURE BUREAU or AGRtCULTURAL ECONOMICS CORN fOOOACfiSS j^A/7>,/v^ CO/2A/ ^c^EAGE ^om acreage in 1928 would probably have increased over that of 1927 as indicated by the expressed intentions of farmers in March, but dry weather during most of the planting season resulted in a decreased acreage compared with 1927. Acreage planted in 1928 was estimated at 274,000 against 305,000 in 1927; 359,000 in 1926 and 420,00 acres in 1924, which was the peak of the upward trend in com acre- age that set in strongly after the close of the war. Acre yields in 1928 also fell below those of 1927 but averaged better than any other preceding season back to 1923. August frost damage cut yields of late com in central and northeastern Montana reducing what otherwise promised to be as good a crop as in 1927. Quality of the 1928 crop was below 1927 and average. Reporters' estimates for 1928 gave 49 per cent of the crop of grain com as being of merchantable quality compared with 51 per cent of the 1927 crop and the 10-year average of 66 per cent. The bulk of the corn acreage in Montana is usually cut for forage, grazed or hogged off, the percentage utilized in this manner being reported as 62.0 per cent in 1927 with 4.0 per cent being cut for silage and 34.0 per cent cut for grain. Utilization of corn acreage in Montana since 1923 is shown in the following table : UTILIZATION OF CORN IN MONTANA (Based on averages supplied by Crop Reporters for their localities) For Forage, Cut Year 1923 For Grain 53.0 For Silage 2.0 4.0 2.9 3.0 4.0 for Feeding or Hogged Off 45.0 1924 1925 35.0 30.1 61.0 67.1 1926 1927 23.0 34.0 74.0 62.0 29 TREND OF /£A^ ACREAGE —2:eee;eee- -.^-^i Production of both tame hays and wild hay fell off in 1928 compared with 1927. The 1927 production, however, was the largest ever cut in Montana so that, al- though reduced, the 1928 crop plus carry- over of old hay gave the state a total supply well above average. Total production of tame hays in 1928 was 2,558,000 tons from 1,294,000 acres cut with an average yield per acre of 1.98 tons. In 1927, 1.274,000 acres with an av- erage yield of 2.12 tons produced 2,706,000 tons of tame hays. Production of wild hay in 1928 was 545,- 000 tons from 606,000 acres with an aver- age acre yield of 0.90 tons. In 1927 from 865,000 acres with an average yield per acre of 1.15 tons, the production was 995,- 000 tons. Total production of hay in 1928 was 3,103,000 tons compared with 3,701,000 tons in 1927 and 2,484,000 tons in 1926. Acreage of all hay in these years was: 1,900,000 acres in 1928; 2,139,000 acres in 1927 and 1,884,000 acres in 1926. Acreage, yield per acre and production of hay by varieties for 1928 and 1927 is shown in the following table. L£6£/^D: "Tofa/' TAME HAY BY VARIETIES Variety Acreage Yield Per Acre 1928 1927 1928 1927 Timothy 106,000 101,000 1.50 1.60 Mixed Clover and Timothy 162,000 154,000 1.80 1.90 Alfalfa 689,000 710,000 2.35 2.50 Grain Hay 168,000 140,000 1.30 1.40 Sweet Clover 67,000 56,000 1.90 1.80 Miscellaneous Hay 102,000 113,000 1.40 1.52 TOTAL 1,294,000 1,274,000 1.98 2.12 Production 1928 1927 159,000 162,000 292,000 300,000 1,619,000 1,775,000 218,000 196,000 127,000 101,000 143,000 172,000 2,558,000 2,706,000 OATS Oats production in 1928 was 20,221,000 bushels from an acreage of 554,000 acres and an average yield per acre of 36.5 bushels. In 1927 production of 23,- 840,000 bushels was harvested from 596,000 acres with an average acre yield of 40.0 bushels. The decrease in oats acreage appeared to be influenced both by the dry weather at seeding time as well as by a growing popularity of barley as a feed crop compared with oats. Along with decreasing horse numbers in recent years and increasing numbers of dairy cattle and hogs, there has been evident a down- ward trend of oats acreage and an increase of other feed crops. BARLEY An increased acreage in barley was again shown in 1928 when acreage was placed at 209,000 compared with 195,000 in 1927. In 1920 barley acreage was but 64,000 acres or about 12 per cent of the oats acreage. In 1924 barley acreage was 18 per cent of the oats acreage. In 1928 barley acreage was 37 per cent of the oats acreage. Production of barley in 1928 was 6,374,000 bushels compared with 6,435,000 bushels in 1927. The average yield per acre in 1928 was 30.5 bushels compared with 33.0 bushels in 1927. The lower yield per acre in 1928 slightly more than offset the increased acreage of 1928 compared with 1927. 30 ALFALFA SEED Production of alfalfa seed in 1928 was about double that of the short crop of 1927. Both larger acreage harvested and a better average yield per acre compared with 1927 brought about this increase. Prices paid to growers for the 1928 crop averaged about $13.70 per bushel. This was about 70 cents more per bushel than was received in 1927. Production of alfalfa seed in 1928 was placed at 39,600 bushels or 2,376,000 pounds on basis of 60 pound bushels. In 1927 production was 19,800 bushels or 1,188,000 pounds. Acreage harvested in 1928 was 16,500 with an average acre yield of 2.4 bushels or about 144 pounds. In 1927 11,000 acres were harvested with an average yield of 1.8 bushels, or about 108 pounds per acre. Nearly half of Montana's alfalfa seed production comes from growers of registered Grimm and Cossack. Quality of Montana grown alfalfa seed is gen- erally recognized and the crop usually finds a ready market outside of the state. Probably for no other Montana crop is the 1929 outlook so promising as in case of alfalfa seed. National stocks of alfalfa seed are expected to be prac- tically exhausted after spring and early summer plantings requirements have been met. Imports during the year ending June 30, 1928, were only about one- tenth of the average of the past five years and since July 1, 1928, have con- tinued to run low, reflecting another short crop in Canada. CLOVER SEED Montana produces little red or alsike clover but has been increasing her acreage of sweet clover for seed, for both local demand and outside markets. In 1928 from an acreage of about 7,000 Montana produced 31,500 bushels of sweet clover seed. In 1927 from 6,000 acres the production was about 30,000 bushels. The average yield per acre in 1928 was 4.5 bushels or about a half bushel lower than in 1927. Some sweet clover seed has been reported shipped from points in central Montana to outside markets. National stocks of sweet clover seed at the close of this spring will probably be the smallest in years, according to the U. S. Bureau of Agricultural Economics. However, the 1928 acreage would have supplied more than enough for seed requirements except for unusually bad weather in several of the most important producing states. The national outlook therefore in 1929 is not promising since the same acreage as was harvested in 1928, with average yields per acre, would be more than ample to meet requirements in the spring of 1930. SUGAR BEETS Acreage of sugar beets harvested in Montana in 1928 was placed at 29,000 compared with 32,000 acres in 1927. The average yield per acre in 1928 was also lower than that of 1927, being reported at 9.0 tons, compared with 11.4 tons the preceding year. Total production on this basis was placed at 262,000 tons in 1928 against 364,000 tons for 1927. With the entrance of the new sugar factory at Missoula in 1928, there are now four factories in the state, the other three being located at Billings, Sidney and Chinook. RYE ' Rye production in Montana in 1928 declined in face of a larger acreage com- pared with 1927. Yields per acre averaged substantially lower than in 1927 due largely to damage by drouth in the spring growing season. In 1928 from an average yield per acre of 14.0 bushels from 154,000 acres was produced 2,156,000 bushels. The 1927 crop from an acreage harvested of 134,000 with an average yield per acre of 18.0 bushels was 2,412,000 bushels. A lower average farm price for rye was reported in 1928 compared with 1927, the December price being 69 cents for 1928 compared with 73 cents in 1927. 81 SEED AND CANNING PEAS Increased acreage for both seed peas and peas for canning in 1928, compared with 1927, was encouraged by better prices offered by seed houses and canners. Yields per acre were not quite as favorable in 1928 as in 1927, but production and total value reflected the increased acreage and better prices. The total value of pea production for both seed and canning purposes was $873,000 in 1928 compared with $687,000 revised estimate for 1927 and $1,535,000 for the 1926 crop. Acreage of seed peas declined from 28,000 acres in 1925 to 14,000 acres in 1927 and increased again to 19,000 acres in 1928. The acreage of canning peas increased from 2,800 acres in 1927 to 3,500 acres in 1928. Further recovery of seed pea acreage will probably result if the 1929 price contracts to growers are as favorable as in 1928. Practically all seed peas grown in Montana after the canning acreage demand is met, are shipped to other states. Three factories are now canning peas in Montana ahd are located at Boze- man. Red Lodge and Stevensville. Montana conditions are favorable for produc- tion of both seed and canning peas, offering a cash crop to irrigated farmers in the higher valleys of south central and western Montana. BEANS Montana ranks seventh place in national production of edible beans. The bulk of Montana's crop is made up of the Great Northern variety in which the principal competition with Montana comes from Idaho and Wyoming. Average yield per acre and production for the three states in 1928 and 1927 were as fol- lows: 1928 1927 Acreage Yield Production Acreage Yield Production Montana 43,000 14.5 624,000 32,000 20.0 640,080 Idaho 82,000 18.0 1,476,000 72,000 23.7 1,706,000 Wyoming 22,000 16.0 352,000 17,000 18.0 306,000 Bean yields in all three states were higher in 1927 than in 1928, especially in Montana where as a result of the favorable moisture conditions in the 1927 growing season there was much less than the usual spread in yield as between dry land beans and irrigated beans. In 1928 acreages in the three states were increased. Yields per acre were lower and production decreased in Montana and Idaho and increased slightly in Wyoming. National production of all edible beans aggregated 16,598,000 bushels in 1928 compared with 16,181,000 bushels in 1927 and 17,396,000 bushels in 1926. Apparent national consumption of beans is indicated at about 18,000,000 bushels, having increased steadily during the past few years. For the year ending June 30, 1928, net imports of beans into this country amounted to 1,784,000 bushels, the largest since the war. With no appreciable increase in the 1928 do- mestic production and a shortage of beans abroad, prices during the 1928 season have advanced sharply. The December 1 average price to producers in the United States was $4.17 per bushel compared with $2.88 in 1927. In Montana growers on this date were receiving an average of $3.85 per bushel compared with $3.00 a year ago while in Idaho the price to growers was $3.60 compared with $2.50 a year ago and in Wyoming $3.40 compared with $2.90 a year ago. €>oo ooo soo, ooo [ ^ ^ ^ ^ .^' - y^ ^f^i^ t^c/ty ^^^ 1 1 i 1 ^ 32 POTATOES Production of potatoes in Montana in 1928 fell below that of 1927 by about 12 per cent although acreage harvested in 1928 was about 1,000 acres larger than in 1927. The 1928 crop as finally estimated was placed at 4,255,00 bushels compared with the revised estimate of 4,860,000 bushels for the 1927 crop. The season started too dry for the crop even in the irrigated commercial sections where considerable re-planting was necessary. Weather during July was quite favorable but dry weather again in August helped reduce yields es- pecially in western Montana. Weather at digging time was very favorable. The average yield was about 115 bushels per acre compared with 135 bushels for th6 1927 crop. Prices to growers for their 1928 potatoes on December 1 averaged 55 cents per bushel compared with the reported average of 65 cents on December 1, 1927. Due to low prices, shipments have tended to exclude grades below number one. Prices for seed potatoes have likewise been discouraging to growers. The smaller 1928 crop and unfavorable market conditions are reflected in shipments which to date of January 12, 1929, for the 1928 crop have totaled only 234 cars against 406 cars to date of January 14, 1928, for the 1927 crop. The total car movement from the 1927 crop was 1,376 cars with the large bulk of the shipments coming later in the shipping season than usual. It is not expected that total shipments from the 1928 crop will approach the total for last season in proportion to the size of the two crops. Total shipments from the 1928 crop will be reduced compared with last season both by reason of a smaller crop as well as by a less favorable market for grades below number one potatoes. SUMMARY OF POTATO RAIL SHIPMENTS BY CROP YEARS Percent of Total No . Cars Total Crop Price Crop Production Shipped Shipped Dec. 1 1923 3,960,000 757 11.4 $0.65 1924 2,992,000 420 8.4 0.87 1925 3,780,000 1,509 23.9 1.60 1926 2,975,000 886 17.8 1.20 1927 4,860,000 1,376 19.8 0.65 1928 4,255,000 385* 0.55 ♦ Movement to March 30, 1929 — Shipping season from Sept. 1, to June 30th. APPLES Production of Montana apples in 1928 has exceeded that of any year since 1923, the December estimate being 516,000 bushels for the total apple crop com- pared with 295,000 bushels for total apple production in 1927. The commercial apple crop for 1928 was estimated at 157,000 barrels of about 3^/4 bushels each compared with 51,000 barrels in 1927. The 1928 crop encountered more nearly average growing conditions than has been the case since 1923, excluding 1926 when what was possibly' a more favorable crop was badly damaged by an early freeze before more than about half of the apples had been picked. Prices to growers for the 1928 apple crop were not as favorable as for the 1927 production. The December 1 price per bushel in 1928 averaged 90 cents or about 40 cents below that of December 1, 1927, while the price per barrel or $2.65 for the 1928 crop compared with $3.60 for the 1927 crop. Shipments from the 1928 crop by January 12, 1929, had reached 521 cars compared with 146 cars for the 1927 crop that moved to date of January 14, 1928. The total for the season from the 1927 crop was 149 cars while for the 1928 crop close to 600 cars would appear to be indicated. MONTANA APPLE PRODUCTION 1923-1928 Cars Shipped Year Total Production by Rail 1923 990,000 451 1924 290,000 173 1925 80,000 29 1926 325,000 343 1927 295,000 149 1928 516,000 523* * Total to February 2, 1928 — Season September to March 33 CHERRIES Sour cherries of Montmorency and Morelli varieties grown for canning pur- poses in the Bitter Root Valley and packed at Hamilton and Stevensville and a small commercial acreage of sweet cherries of Bing and Lambert varieties grown along the shores of Flathead Lake make up the commercial cherry crop of Mon- tana. Production is practically limited to that part of Montana west of the continental divide. In 1928 the pack of sour cherries at both plants was only 42.5 tons which, on a fresh fruit basis, would be about 67 tons compared with 260 tons on the same basis in 1927. Allowance for local and other consumption of sour cherries places the 1928 production close to 87 tons against 280 tons in 1927. Production of sweet cherries in 1928 was about 80,000 pounds compared with 40,000 pounds in 1927. There was no production of sweet cherries in 1926 or between that time and the freeze of December, 1924, which killed out practically all of the sweet cherry orchards except a small number of trees along th shores of the Flathead Lake. Total production of cherries for the state in 1928 is estimated at 127 tons compared with 300 tons in 1927; 336 tons in 1926; 260 tons in 1925 and 200 tons in 1924. No annual estimates of production were made prior to 1924. The decen- nial census of 1920 enumerated a total of 65,633 bearing trees and 4,073 trees of non-bearing age. The large bulk of these were shown in counties making up the Bitter Root and Flathead Valleys of western Montana. No enumeration of cherry trees was published in the special census of agriculture in 1925. The present trend of production of both sour cherries and sweet cherries is upward. In case of sour cherries the canning factories have taken practically the entire production during the past three years. Plantings of sour cherries during this period have averaged about 50,000 trees each year, a L 48 COUNTY STATISTICS The following tables show acreage, yield per acre, production and farm val- ue of principal crops for each county of Montana as estimated by the State-Fed- eral Crop Reporting Service for 1927 and 1928. These estimates are based on the cen- sus of 1924 and sample data as to acre- age yield and price changes for 1927 and 1928 with reference to that base. Farmers, grain men, bankers and county agents were extensively circular- ized to secure the necessary basic mater- ial for these estimates. They serve not so much as an absolute measure of the production and value in any one year as they do as indicators of year to year relative changes. BEAVERHEAD COUNTY CROP TABLE CROP Spring Wheat Bu Winter Wheat Oats Barley Rye Potatoes Seed Peas All Tame Hay Tons Wild Hay " Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops 1927 Acre Acreage Yield 1,000 26 1,000 28 7,000 53 2,200 48 700 24 500 110 300 20 44,000 2.1( 212,600 1.2( Produc- tion 26,000 28,000 371,000 105,600 17,000 55,000 6,000 92,400 255,100 Value 25,200 25,700 163,200 63,300 12,400 35,700 10,800 776,100 ,913,200 79,700 2,500 800 1 9 Acre Acreage Yield 1,000 17 1,000 22 6,000 45 2.200 35 1,000 19 500 100 600 16 44,700 1, 148,800 28 Produc- tion 17,000 22,000 270,000 77,000 19,000 50,000 9,600 87,100 126,500 Value 14,300 17,600 110,700 43,100 13,100 27,500 19,200 775,200 ,012,000 67,800 2,700 800 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $3,108,600 Livestock Marketed.... 3,258,400 Value 1928 $2,104,000 4,038,200 BIG HORN COUNTY CROP Acreage Spring Wheat Bu. 29,000 Winter Wheat " 31,000 Oats " 9,000 Barley " 5,400 Rye " 1,500 Flaxseed " 4,000 Corn " 7,400 Potatoes •' 500 Beans " 4,000 Sugar Beets Tons 2,507 Alfalfa Seed Bu. 400 All Tame Hay Tons 31,000 Wild Hay " 16,300 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops CROP TABLE 1927 Acre Produc- tion 580,000 558,000 360,000 183,600 29,000 30,000 162,800 65,000 80,000 22,240 1,800 77,500 19,600 Yield 20 18 40 34 20 7.5 22 130 20 8.90 2.5 2.50 1.20 Value 562,600 513,400 158,400 110,200 21,200 52,500 117,200 42,200 240,000 182,800 23,400 651,000 147,000 90,500 6,300 900 Acreage 31,000 34,000 7,000 5,600 2,000 4,500 6,600 500 6.500 3,070 600 31,500 11,400 19 Acre Yield 17 14 33 29 16 8.0 16 126 14 8.0 2.5 2.05 .60 28 Produc- tion 527,000 476,000 231,000 162,400 32,000 36,000 105,600 63,000 91,000 24,600 1,500 64,600 6,800 Value 442,700 380,800 94,700 90,900 22,100 69,100 86,600 34,600 350,300 196,800 20,500 574,900 54,400 77,000 6,900 900 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $2,919,600 Livestock Marketed... 1,053,900 Value 1928 $2,503,200 1,345.900 49 BLAINE COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 79,000 23 1,817,000 1,762,500 85,000 23 1,955,000 1,642,200 Winter Wheat " 2,000 25 50,000 46,000 3,000 14 42,000 33,600 Oats " 22,000 45 990,000 435,600 22,000 38 836,000 842,800 Barley " 2,200 39 85,800 51,500 2,600 35 91,000 51,000 Rye " 18,000 16 288,000 210,200 20,000 10 200,000 138,000 Flaxseed " 7,000 12.5 87,500 153,100 9,00 11.0 99,000 190,100 Corn " 6,000 25 150,000 108,000 5,000 24 120,000 98,400 Potatoes " 1,100 150 165,000 107,200 1,100 155 170,500 93,800 Beans " 200 20 4,000 12,000 300 15 4,500 17,300 Sugar Beets Tons 1,800 9.70 17,500 143,800 2,890 8.0 23,120 185,000 Alfalfa Seed Bu. 100 2.0 200 2,600 100 2.0 200 2,700 All Tame Hay Tons 25,000 2.10 52,500 441,000 25,400 1.85 47,000 418,800 Wild Hay " 21,700 1.06 23,000 172,500 15,200 .90 15,200 121,600 Farm Gardens 112,200 95,500 Truck Crops 16,400 17,900 Other Crops 1,200 1,100 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $3,775,800 $3,449,300 Livestock Marketed .. 2,781,900 3,544,300 BROADWATER COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 24,000 25 600,000 582,000 26,000 19 494,000 415,000 Winter Wheat " 12,000 20 240,000 220,800 16,000 13 208,000 166,400 Oats " 7,000 50 350,000 154,000 6,000 39 234,000 95,900 Barley " 2,200 30 66,000 39,600 2,200 28 61,600 34,500 Rye " 900 20 18,000 13,100 1,200 16 19,200 13,200 Potatoes " 500 110 55,000 35,800 600 100 60,000 33,000 Seed Peas " 100 21 2,100 3,800 100 19 1,900 3,800 All Tame Hay Tons 18,000 2.27 58,900 494,800 18,300 2.10 38,400 341,800 Wild Hay " 9,500 1.30 12,300 92,200 6,600 1.00 6,600 52,800 Apples Bu. 1,900 2,500 3,300 3,000 Cherries & Misc. Fruits lbs. 600 600 Farm Gardens 63,600 45,600 Truck Crops 900 1,000 Other Crops 600 600 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $1,694,300 $1,207,100 Livestock Marketed .. 744,400 923,600 CARBON COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 43,000 27 1,161,000 1,126,100 46,000 24 1,104,000 927,400 Winter Wheat " 9,000 23 207,000 190,400 11,000 20 220,000 176,000 Oats " 10,000 42 420,000 184,800 9,000 41 396,000 162,400 Barley " 3,200 30 96,000 67,600 3,300 29 95,700 53,600 Rye " 700 17 11,900 8,700 1,000 16 16,000 11,000 Flaxseed " 200 7.0 1,400 2,400 200 6.2 1,200 2,800 Com " 5,000 32 160,000 115,200 5,000 26 130,000 106,600 Potatoes " 600 155 93,000 ?0,400 600 130 78,000 42,900 Beans " 2,500 23 57,500 172,500 3,100 25 77,500 298,400 Seed Peas " 2,800 23 64,400 115,900 1,500 20 30,000 60,000 Canning Peas Tons 490 1.00 490 24,900 800 .60 480 26,400 Sugar Beets " 4,840 11.50 55,470 455,900 3,140 8.70 27,320 218,600 All Tame Hay " 45,000 2.30 108,500 869,400 45,200 2.50 118,000 1,005,700 Wild Hay " 1,300 1.10 1,400 10,500 900 1.10 1,000 8,000 Apples Bu. 12,500 16,200 21.900 19,700 Cherries & Misc . Fruits lbs . 600 700 Farm Gardens 145,700 124,000 Truck Crops 15,000 16.800 Other Crops 1,500 1,600 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $3,578,700 $3,261,600 Livestock Marketed... 2,668.500 3,361,400 50 CARTER COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Spring Wheat Bu. 14,000 20 280.000 271.600 15,000 18 270,000 Winter Wheat " 3,000 19 57,000 52.400 3,000 13 39,000 Oats " 9,000 40 360,000 158,400 8.000 37 296,000 Barley " 2.200 32 70,400 42,200 2,200 30 66,000 Rye " 2,900 18 52.200 38,100 3,800 14 53,200 Flaxseed " 1,500 10.5 15,700 27.400 1,700 7.0 11,900 Corn " 10,500 28 294.000 211.700 9,700 25 242,500 Potatoes " 300 125 37,500 24,400 300 85 25,500 Beans " 250 20 5,000 15.000 550 12 6,600 Alfalfa Seed " 300 2.0 600 7,800 500 2.6 1 300 All Tame Hay Tons 16.000 2.20 35.200 295,700 16.300 2.10 34.200 Wild Hay " 37,800 1,10 41.600 312,000 26.400 .88 23,200 Farm Gardens 61.100 Truck Crops 200 Other Crops 600 . VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $1,518,600 $1,274,600 Livestock Marketed... 965,800 1,198,200 Value 226,800 31,200 121,400 36,900 36,700 22,800 198,800 14,000 25,400 17.800 304,400 185,600 52.000 200 600 CASCADE COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Spring Wheat Bu. 67.000 24 1.632.000 1.583.000 72,000 23 1.656,000 Winter Wheat " 53.000 23 1,219.000 1.121.500 68,000 20 1,360.000 Oats " 13.000 36 468.000 205.900 13.000 35 453^000 Barley " 3.900 25 97.500 58.500 4.000 27 108,000 Rye " 3.800 16 60.800 44.400 4.200 12 50,400 Flaxseed " 400 8.2 3.300 5.800 500 9.0 4,500 Corn " 5.000 25 125.000 90.000 4.000 21 84,000 Potatoes " 1.200 135 162.000 105.300 1,200 115 138,000 Beans " 175 13 2.300 6.900 170 9 1,500 Sugar Beets Tons 205 7.85 KOIO 13.200 100 8.50 850 Clover Seed (Sweet) ...Bu. 1.000 5.0 5.000 30,000 1,200 4.0 4,800 All Tame Hay Tons 57.000 2.14 121.800 1.023.100 57.800 1.90 109.800 Wild Hay " 14,800 1.20 17,800 133,500 10.400 .90 9.400 Apples Bu. 110 100 200 Farm Gardens 131.700 Truck Crops 9.800 Other Crops 1.400 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $4,564,100 $4,123,300 Livestock Marketed .. 2,553,600 3,152,200 Value ,391,000 ,088,000 185,700 60.500 34,800 8.600 68,900 75,900 5.800 6.800 20 . 600 977.200 75,200 200 112.100 10.700 1.300 CHOUTEAU COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 150,000 25 3,750,000 3.637,500 160,000 23 3,680,000 3,091,200 Winter Wheat " 78,000 25 1,950,000 1,794.000 68,000 16 1,088,000 870,400 Oats " 12.000 38 456.000 200.000 10,000 39 390,000 159,900 Barley " 2.200 25 55.000 33,000 2,400 26 62,400 34,900 Rye " 7.400 16 118.400 86.400 10.000 12 120,000 82,800 Flaxseed " 500 9.0 4.500 7,900 700 10.1 7,100 13,600 Corn " 13,000 18 234.000 168.500 12.000 18 216,000 177,100 Potatoes " 500 120 60,000 39,000 500 120 60,000 33,000 Beans " 280 8 2,200 8,500 Sugar Beets Tons 75 8.6 650 5.300 80 8.0 640 5,100 All Tame Hay " 20.000 2.30 46.000 386.400 20.000 2.20 44,700 397,800 Wild Hay " 9.100 1.20 10,900 81,700 6,400 .92 5,900 47,200 Farm Gardens 169,300 144,100 Truck Crops 3.000 3.300 •Other Crops 1.700 1,800 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $6,613,700 $4,993,600 Livestock Marketed .. 1,632,900 2,059,400 61 CUSTER COUNTY 1 g Acre CROP Acreage Yield Spring Wheat ....Bu. 25,000 19 Winter Wheat " 4,000 17 Oats " 9,000 39 Barley " 8,200 31 Rye " 900 16 Flaxseed " 3,000 10.0 Com " 12,700 23 Potatoes " 700 125 Beans " 250 19 Sugar Beets Tons 35 5.40 Alfalfa Seed Bu. 1,800 1.5 Clover Seed (Sweet) .... " 100 8.0 All Tame Hay Tone 17,000 1.60 Wild Hay " 18,500 1.10 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops CROP TABLE 927 Produc- tion 450,000 68,000 351,000 99,200 14,400 30,000 292,100 87,500 4,800 190 2,700 300 27,200 14,800 Value 436,500 62,600 154,400 59,500 10,500 52,500 210,300 56,900 14,400 1,600 35,100 1,800 228,500 111,000 52,900 1,500 500 Acreage 27,000 3,000 9,000 3,800 1,200 3,700 8,000 800 500 30 2,500 200 14,800 9,500 IS Acre Yield 15 11 32 28 13 8.0 19 90 10 10.5 2.5 3.5 1.60 .95 28 Produc- tion 405,000 33,000 288,000 106,400 15,600 29,600 152,000 72,000 5,000 320 6,200 700 23,700 9,000 Value 340, 20a 26,400 118,100 59,600 10,800. 56,800 124,600> 39,600 19,200 2,600. 84,900- 3,000' 210,900 72,000 45,000 1,600 400 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $1,490,500 $1,215,700 Livestock Marketed.... 667,700 831,300 DANIELS COUNTY CROP Acreage Spring Wheat Bu. 180,000 Winter Wheat " 5,000 Oats " 29,000 Barley " 4,400 Rye " 4,600 Flaxseed " 19,500 Corn " 4,000 Potatoes " 400 All Tame Hay Tons 6,000 Wild Hay " 6,700 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value 18 3,240,000 3,142,800 192,000 18 8 ,456,000 2 ,903,400 15 75,000 69,000 8,000 13 104,000 83 200 40 1,130,000 497,200 28,000 37 1 ,036,000 424,800 30 132,000 79,200 4,800 29 139,200 77,900 20 92,000 67,200 4,400 12 52,800 36,400 9.2 179,400 313,200 23,000 8.5 195.500 875,400 18 72,000 51,800 4,000 FAILURE L25 50,000 32,500 400 100 40,000 22,000 2.10 12,600 105,800 6,200 1.90 11,800 105,000 .80 5,400 40,500 84,400 2,600 900 4,700 .50 2,400 19,200 71,800 2,800 900 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 . Value 1P27 Value 1928 Crops $4,487,100 $4,122,800 Livestock Marketed .. 656,500 828,000 DAWSON COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Spring Wheat Bu. 146,000 17 2,482,000 2,408,000 156,000 15 2,340,000 Winter Wheat " . 5,000 19 95,000 87,400 8,000 10 80,000 Oats " 21,000 37 777,000 841,900 22,000 35 770,000 Barley " 8,600 40 144,000 86,400 4,200 28 117,600 Rye " 1,500 16 24,000 17,500 2,000 9 18 000 Flaxseed " 17,800 12.0 216,400 378,700 20,800 9.0 187,200 Corn " 20,000 22 440,000 316,800 20,000 16 320,000 Potatoes " 800 100 80,000 52,000 900 125 112,500 Sugar Beets Tons 20 6.0 120 All Tame Hay " 16,000 1.90 30,400 255,400 16,200 1.80 29,200 Wild Hay " 19,000 1.20 22,800 171,000 13.300 .70 9,300 Farm Gardens . 92,900 Truck Crops 2,400 Other Crops 1,000 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $4,211,400 $3,525,400 Livestock Marketed.... 669,000 810,200 52 Value 1,966,000 64,000 315,700 65,800 12,400 359,400 262,400 61,900 1,000 259,900 74,400 79,100 2,600 800 DEER LODGE COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 1,000 19 19,000 18,409 1,000 18 18,000 15,100 Winter Wheat " 500 23 11,000 10,100 500 20- 10,000 8,000 Oats " 2,000 45 90,000 39,600 2,000 39 78,000 32,000 Barley " 1,000 40 40,000 24,000 1,000 36 36,000 20,200 Rye " 200 21 4,200 3,100 200 17 3,400 2,300 Potatoes " 600 175 105,000 68,200 600 140 84,000 46,200 All Tame Hay Tons 11,000 2.30 25,300 212,500 11,200 2.15 24,100 214,500 Wild Hay " 6,700 1.00 6,700 50,300 4,700 1.00 4,700 37,600 Apples Bu. 800 1,000 1,400 1,300 Oherries & Misc. Fruits lbs. 1,700 2,000 Farm Gardens 25,700 21,500 Truck Crops 6,100 6,600 Other Crops 300 600 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OP LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $461,000 $407,800 Livestock Marketed .. 226,200 264,500 PALLON COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Spring Wheat Bu. 69,000 17 1,173,000 1,137,800 74,000 14 1,036,000 Winter Wheat " 21,000 17 357,000 328,400 27,000 10 270,000 Oats " 12,000 36 430,000 189,200 11,000 32 352,000 Barley " 7,200 31 223,200 133,900 7,000 28 196,000 Rye " 5,800 18 104,400 76,200 7,400 14 103,600 Flaxseed " 6,000 11.0 66,000 115,500 7,000 6.6 46,200 Corn _ " 8,400 24 201,600 145,200 7,500 18 135,000 Potatoes " 500 145 72,500 47,100 500 80 40,000 Beans " 400 20 8,000 24,000 800 14 11 200 All Tame Hay Tons 19,000 2.00 38,000 319,200 19,300 1.85 35.700 Wild Hay " 12,200 1.30 15,900 119,300 8,500 .90 7,600 Farm Gardens 52,700 Truck Crops 1,300 Other Crops 500 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $2,690,300 $2,101,500 Livestock Marketed.... 568,600 699,600 Value 870,200 216,000 144,300 109,800 71,500 88,700 110,700 22,000 43,100 317,700 60,800 44,800 1,400 600 FERGUS COUNTY CROP TABLE A ^^y A 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Spring Wheat Bu. 175,000 20 3,600,000 3,492,000 187,000 19 3 553 OOO 2 Winter Wheat " 60,000 23 1,380,000 1,269,600 101,000 15 l*515'oOO 1 Oats " 25,000 35 875,000 385,000 26,000 34 884*000 Barley " 7,700 32 246,400 147,800 8,200 30 246*000 Rye " 5,700 18 102,600 74,900 5,400 18 97*200 Flaxseed " 500 10.5 5,300 9,300 700 8.5 6*000 Corn " 10,500 25 262,500 189,000 10,000 20 200*000 Potatoes " 1,000 143 143,000 92,900 1,000 113 113*000 Beans " 250 15 3,800 11,400 230 15 3*500 Seed Peas " 100 21 2,100 3,800 100 19 1*900 Alfalfa Seed " 100 4.0 *400 Clover Seed (Sweet) .... " 650 4.5 2,900 17,400 1,000 4 0 4 000 All Tame Hay Tons 74,000 2.00 148,000 1,243,200 75,000 1 85 138*700 1 Wild Hay " 11,500 1.00 11,500 86,200 8,100 l!oO 8!l00 ' Apples Bu. 60 100 'lOO Farm Gardens 128,700 Truck Crops 6,200 Other Crops 1,300 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OP LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DLTIING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $7,158,800 $6,458,300 Livestock Marketed .. 2,429,400 3,041,300 58 Value 984,500 212,000 362,400 137,800 67,100 11,500 164,000 62,100 13,500 3,800 5.500 17,200 234,400 64,800 100 109,600 6,800 1,200 FLATHEAD COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 18,000 21 278,000 366,700 19.000 20 380,000 319,200 Winter Wheat " 8.000 25 200,000 184,000 10,000 25 250,000 200,000 Oats " 8,000 40 320,000 140,800 8.000 38 304,000 124,600 Barley " 10,000 83 330.000 198,000 10,000 33 330,000 184.800 Rye " 600 20 12.000 8.800 600 17 10,200 7,000 Corn " 1.100 25 27,500 19.800 1,000 24 24,000 19,700 Potatoes " 2,900 140 406,000 263.900 3,100 90 279,000 153,400 Seed Peas " 200 20 4.000 7,200 200 20 4,000 8,000 Alfalfa Seed " 100 2.0 200 2,600 200 2.0 400 5.500 Clover Seed (Sweet) .... " 250 1.2 300 1.800 250 3.5 900 3.900 All Tame Hay Tons 12.000 2.00 24.000 201,600 12,200 2.0 24,400 217.200 Wild Hay " . 7,000 1.25 8.800 66,000 4.900 1.20 5,900 47.200 Apples Bu. 6,600 8.600 11,600 10.200 Cherries & Misc . Fruits lbs . 2 , 200 2 . 500 Farm Gardens 121.900 103,800 Truck Crops 29,400 32.000 Strawberries 20.000 Other Crops 1,800 1,400 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $1,624,600 $1,454,400 Livestock Marketed .. 529,700 617,700 GALLATIN COUNTY CROP TABLE 19 2 7 19 2 8 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 52,000 25 1,300,000 1.261.000 56.000 24 1,344,000 1,128,900 Winter Wheat " 41,000 27 1,107.000 1,018,400 57,000 21 1.197,000 957.600 Gate " 12,000 60 720.000 316.800 13.000 46 598,000 245,200 Barley " 11,000 34 374.000 224,400 11.100 30 305.200 170,900 Rye " 2,900 20 58.000 42,300 2.500 18 45,000 31.000 Flaxseed " 100 10.0 1.000 1,800 100 8.0 800 1,500 Potatoes " 1.000 150 150,000 97,500 1,700 120 204,000 112.200 Beans " 125 22 2.800 8.400 170 22 3,700 14,200 Seed Peas " 5,900 20 118.000 212,400 11,900 17 202,300 404.600 Canning Peas Tons 1.920 1.16 2.220 113,200 2.200 1.28 2,810 154,500 Sugar Beets " 50 7.50 380 3,000 Clover Seed (Sweet) ...Bu. 350 5.0 1,750 10,500 300 5.8 1,750 7,500 All Tame Hay Tons 49.000 2.50 122,500 1,029,000 50,000 2.35 117,500 1,045,700 Wild Hay " 1,000 1.10 1.100 8,200 700 .90 600 4,800 Apples Bu. 900 1,200 , 1,500 1,300 Cherries & Misc . Fruits lbs , 600 700 Farm Gardens 139,700 118,900 Truck Crops 19,600 21,400 Other Crops 1,400 1,600 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $4,506,400 $4,425,300 Livestock Marketed.... 1,754,700 2,155,200 GLACIER COUNTY CROP TABLE ,19 2 7 19 2 8 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Vplue Acreage Yield tion Spring Wheat Bu. 15,000 15 225,000 218,200 16.000 21 336,000 Oats •" 4,000 40 160,000 70,400 4,000 40 160,000 Barley " 1,000 30 30,000 18,000 1,100 28 30,800 Rye " 1.500 20 30.000 21.900 2.000 16 32,000 Flaxseed " 200 10.0 2.000 3,500 200 9.8 2,000 Potatoes " 200 86 17.200 11.200 200 90 18.000 All Tame Hay Tons 2.000 1.80 3.600 30.200 2.000 1.70 3^400 Wild Hay * 29,800 1.05 31,300 234,800 20,900 .97 20,800 Farm Gardens 38,200 Other Crops 400 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND ;-'ALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $ 646,800 $ 626.500 Livestock Marketed .. 2,066,600 2,565,600 54 Value 282.200 65.600 17.200 22,100 3.800 9.900 30.800 162,400 32.500 500 GARFIELD COUNTY CROP Acreage Spring Wheat Bu. 38,000 Winter Wheat " 2,000 Oats " 11.000 Barley " 1.000 Rye " 2.900 Flaxseed " 9.300 Corn " 14,700 Potatoes - " 500 Alfalfa Seed " 400 Clover Seed (Sweet) .... " 260 All Tame Hay Tons 24.000 Wild Hay " 5,400 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops Yield 20 15 38 CROP TABLE 1927 Acre Produc- tion 760,000 30,000 418,000 26,000 63,800 95.000 308.700 60,000 500 900 38,400 6,200 10.3 21 120 1.3 3.6 1.60 1.15 Value 737.200 27,600 183,900 15.600 46.600 166,200 222.300 39.000 6.500 6.400 322,600 46.600 109.900 12.700 1,100 Acreage 41,000 6,000 10,000 1,000 3.800 10,200 14.000 500 600 250 24.400 3,800 1 9 Acre Yield 15 12 30 26 11 8.0 16 80 2.6 4.6 1.70 .67 28 Produc- tion 615,000 72,000 300,000 26,000 41,800 81,600 224,000 40,000 1,500 1.100 41,600 2.500 Value 616,600 67,600 123,000 14,600 28,800 166,700 183,700 22,000 20,600 4,700 369,400 20,000 93.600 13.800 1.000 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $1,943,100 Livestock Marketed... 880,000 Value 1928 $1,626,000 1,088,400 GOLDEN VALLEY 19 Acre CROP Acreage Yield Spring Wheat Bu. 19,000 21 Winter Wheat " 13,000 14 Oats " 7.000 36 Barley " 2,200 30 Flaxseed " 200 9.6 Corn •' 8.400 23 Potatoes " SOO 120 Beans " 200 16 All Tame Hay .Tons 9.000 2.70 Wild Hay " 4,000 1.30 Farm Gardens Other Crops :R0P TABLE 27 1928 Produc- Acre Produc- tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value 399.000 387.000 20.000 16 320,000 268.800 182,000 167.400 18.000 9 162,000 129.600 262.000 110.900 6.000 31 186,000 76.300 66,000 39.600 2.200 27 59,400 33,300 1.900 3.300 200 8.0 1,600 3.100 193.200 139.100 7.600 19 142.600 116.800 36.000 23.400 300 90 27,000 14.800 3.000 9.000 200 11 2.200 8,600 24.300 204.100 9.100 2.00 18.200 162.000 6.200 39.000 58.900 600 2.800 .60 1.700 13.600 50.100 500 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $1,182,300 Livestock Marketed .. 476,800 Value 1928 $ 877.400 579,600 GRANITE COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 1.000 19 19.000 18.400 Winter Wheat " 500 23 12.000 11.000 Oats " 2.000 50 100.000 44.000 Barley " 2,100 36 73,500 44.100 Rye " 100 22 2.200 1.600 Potatoes " 500 150 75.000 48.700 Seed Peas " 100 21 2,100 3.800 Sugar Beets Tons All Tame Hay " 21.000 1.80 37.800 317.600 Wild Hay " 4.000 1.08 4.300 32.200 Apples Bu. 1.970 2.600 Cherries & Misc . Frviits lbs . 1 . 100 Farm Gardens 32.100 Truck Crops 1.000 Other Crops SOO Acre Acreage Yield 1.000 19 500 18 2.000 40 2.200 32 100 19 928 500 125 100 18 80 300 9.0 2.10 1.05 Produc- tion 19,000 9,000 80,000 70,400 1,900 62,500 1,800 720 44.700 2.900 3.400 Value 16,000 7,200 32,800 39.400 1,800 34,400 3,600 5.800 397.800 23,200 3.100 1.200 27.500 1.100 400 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Crops Livestock Marketed Value 1927 $ 668.400 1,181,400 55 Value 1928 $ 594.800 1,496,000 HILL COUNTY CROP Spring Wheat Bu. Winter Wheat " Oats ^ " Barley ^^ " Flaxseed ^ " Potatoes " Beans " All Tame Hay Tons Wild Hay " Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops CROP TABLE IS Acre Acreage Yield 201,000 9,000 17,000 6,000 6,000 2,800 5,000 23 24 42 32 13 10.8 18 700 130 300 19 12,000 2.30 2,700 1.37 27 Produc- tion ,623,000 216,000 646,000 192,000 65,000 24,800 90,000 91,000 5,700 27,600 8,700 Value ,484,300 198,700 284,200 115,200 47,400 43,400 64,800 59,100 17,100 231,800 27,800 168,800 8,600 1,600 19 Acre Acreage Yield 216,000 21 18,000 16,000 6,400 5,000 2,800 5,000 10 30 31 13 9.5 18 700 120 200 18 12,200 2.10 1,900 1.09 28 Produc- tion 4,515,000 180,000 480,000 189,400 65,000 26,600 90,000 84,000 3,600 25,600 2,100 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $5,737,700 Livestock Marketed .. 1,018,800 Value 1928 $4,854,700 1,268,200 Value ,792,600 144,000 196,800 106,100 44,800 51,100 73,800 46,200 13,900 227,800 16,800 135,200 3,800 1,800 JEFFERSON COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 4,000 20 80,000 77,600 4,000 17 68,000 57,100 Winter Wheat " 5,500 22 121,000 111,300 7,000 16 105,000 84,000 Oats " 2,000 29 58,000 25,500 2,000 25 50,000 20,500 Barley " 1,800 36 64,800 38,900 2,000 32 64,000 35,800 Rye " 3,200 20 64,000 46,700 3.400 14 47,600 32,800 Potatoes " 800 145 116,000 75,400 600 100 60,000 33,000 Seed Peas " 500 22 11,000 19,800 300 15 4,500 9,000 Sugar Beets Tons 155 9.50 1,470 11,800 All Tame Hay " 13,000 2.20 28,600 240,200 14,000 2.05 28,700 256,400 Wild Hay " 12,000 1.30 15,600 117,000 10,400 .95 9,900 79,200 Apples Bu. 1,300 1,700 2,300 2,100 Cherries & Misc . Fruits lbs . 600 600 Farm Gardens 65,300 55,600 Truck Crops 9,700 10,600 Other Crops 700 700 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $830,400 $688,200 Livestock Marketed .. 431,300 621,400 JUDITH BASIN COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 97,000 22 2,200,000 2,134,000 104,000 16 1,560,000 1,810,400 Winter Wheat " 42,000 20 840,000 772,800 52,000 11 572,000 467,600 Oats " 8,000 39 312,000 137,300 8,000 34 272,000 111,500 Barley " 6,000 36 210,000 126,000 6,400 83 211,200 118,800 Rye " 1,500 20 30,000 21,900 2,500 19 47,500 82,800 Flaxseed " 200 9.7 2,000 3,500 200 8.2 1,600 8,100 Corn " 500 20 10,000 7,200 700 14 9,800 8,000 Potatoes " 600 120 60,000 39,000 600 100 50,000 27,600 Clover Seed (Sweet) .... " 350 4.0 1,400 8,400 100 4.0 400 1,700 All Tame Hay Tons 85,000 1.70 69,500 499,800 35,500 1.80 68,900 568,700 Wild Hay " 16,800 1.20 19,600 147,000 11,400 .80 9,100 72,800 Farm Gardens _ 102,300 87,100 Truck Crops 800 900 Other Crops 1,000 900 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $4,001,000 $2,801,800 Livestock Marketed.... 1,786,800 2,201,200 66 LAKE COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 14,000 19 266,000 258,000 15,000 18 270,000 226,800 Winter Wheat " 22,000 24 528,000 485,800 26,000 15 890,000 312,000 Oats " 7,000 45 315,000 138,600 6,000 41 242,000 99,200 Barley ... . " 3,200 35 112,000 67,200 3,200 32 102,400 57,300 Rye " 1,200 16 18,800 13,700 1,700 12 20,400 14,100 Flaxseed " 100 10.0 1,000 1,800 100 8.0 800 1,500 Com . . " 1,100 30 33.000 23,800 1,000 21 21,000 17,200 Potatoes " 500 150 75,000 48,700 500 120 60,000 33,000 Beans " 150 18 2,700 8,100 200 14 2,800 10,800 Seed Peas " 700 21 14,700 26,500 900 18 16,200 32,400 Sugar Beets Tons 200 7.40 1,630 13,000 Clover Seed (Sweet) ....Bu. 50 2.0 100 600 50 3.0 150 600 All Tame Hay Tons 25,000 2.30 57,500 483,000 25,400 1.95 49,500 440,500 Wild Hay " 2,700 1.35 3,600 27,000 1,900 1.15 2,200 17,600 Apples Bu. 19,500 25,400 34,100 30,700 Cherries & Misc. Fruits lbs. 8,700 15.500 Farm Gardens 104,500 89,000 Truck Crops 6,000 6,500 Strawberries 10,000 Other Crops „ 1,000 1,100 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $1,728,400 $1,428,800 Livestock Marketed .. 825,800 994,400 LEWIS AND CLARK COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 14,000 20 280,000 271,600 15,000 18 270,000 226,800 Winter Wheat " 6,000 25 150,000 138,000 7,000 16 112,000 89,600 Oats " 5,000 40 200,000 88,000 5,000 38 190,000 77,900 Barley " 2,100 35 73,500 44,100 2,400 38 91,200 51,100 Rye " 2,500 18 45,000 32,800 3,000 13 39,000 26,900 Com " 700 18 12,600 2,100 900 16 14,400 11,800 Potatoes " 1,700 180 307,700 200,000 1,800 160 288,000 158,400 Seed Peas " 300 25 7,500 13,500 300 25 7,500 15,000 Sugar Beets Tons 55 7.30 400 3,300 60 8.0 480 3,800 Alfalfa Seed Bu. 100 4.0 400 5,200 100 5.0 500 6,800 Clover Seed (Sweet) .... " 150 6.0 900 5,400 150 5.0 750 3,200 All Tame Hay .Tons 34,000 2.70 91,800 771,100 34,500 2.15 74,200 660,400 Wild Hay " 28,200 1.01 28,400 213,000 19,900 .96 19,100 152,800 Apples Bu. 200 300 400 406 Farm Gardens 61,500 52,400 Track Crops 5,300 5,800 Other Crops 600 700 . VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $1,862,800 $1,543,800 Livestock Marketed... 1,862,100 2,299,600 LIBERTY COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 56,000 18 1,008,000 977,800 60,000 19 1,140,000 957,600 Oats " 3.000 45 135,000 59,400 3,000 40 120,000 49,200 Barley " 1,000 40 40,000 24,000 1,100 28 30,800 17,200 Rye " 200 20 4,000 2,900 300 18 5,400 3,700 Flaxseed " 900 8.5 7,700 13,500 1,000 9.0 9,000 17,300 Com •' 1,100 20 22,000 15,800 1,000 14 14,000 11,500 Potatoes " 300 130 39,000 25,400 300 120 36,000 19,800 All Tame Hay Tons 6,000 1.80 10,800 90,700 6,100 1.65 10,100 89,900 Wild Hay " 4,000 1.10 4,400 33,000 2,800 .80 2,200 17,600 Farm Gardens 81,300 69,200 Other Crops 800 700 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $1,324,600 $1,253,700 Livestock Marketed.... 413,600 618,700 57 LINCOLN COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 4,000 28 92,000 89,200 Winter Wheat " 500 22 11,000 10,100 Oato " 2,000 45 90,000 39,600 Barley " 1,000 37 37,000 22,200 Rye " 600 17 10,200 7,500 Potatoes " 300 130 39,000 25,300 All Tame Hay Tons 12,000 2.30 27,600 231,800 Wild Hay " 1,300 1.25 1.600 12,000 Apples Bu. 1,000 1,200 Cherries & Misc. Fruits lbs. 1,100 Farm Gardens 64,300 Truck Crops 3,700 Other Crops 700 Acre Acreage Yield 4,000 22 500 2,000 900 400 928 12.200 900 24 44 36 15 115 1, 1, Produc- tion 88,000 12,000 88,000 32,400 6,000 34,500 23,800 1,100 1.700 Value 73,900 9,600 36,100 18,100 4,100 19.000 211,800 8,800 1,500 1.200 54.700 4,000 600 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $508,700 Livestock Marketed 287,600 Value 1928 $443,400 330,200 McCONE COUNTY CROP Acreage Spring Wheat Bu. 78,000 Winter Wheat " 6,000 Oats " 18,000 Barley " 2,200 Rye " 1,300 Flaxseed " 16,200 Corn " 14,000 Potatoes " 300 All Tame Hay Tons 18,000 Wild Hay " 10,800 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops CROP TABLE 1927 Acre Produc- Yield tion Value 18 22 33 31 27 9.8 21 130 2.20 1.12 1,404,000 1,361,900 132,000 121,400 594,000 68,200 35,100 162,000 294,000 39.000 39,600 12,100 261,400 37,300 25,600 283,500 211,700 25 , 400 332,600 90,800 92 , 900 1,700 900 19 Acre Acreage Yield 83,000 17 1 7.000 16.000 2.200 1.500 19.000 14.000 300 100 18.300 1.55 7.600 .90 28 Produc- tion ,411,000 56,000 400,000 55,000 18,000 148,200 210,000 30,000 28,400 6.800 Value .185,200 44,800 164,000 30,800 12,400 284,500 172.200 16.500 252,800 54,400 79.100 1.800 800 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $2,847,100 Livestock Marketed... 528,000 Value 1928 $2,299,300 644,800 MADISON COUNTY CROP Acreage Spring Wheat Bu. 9,000 Winter Wheat " 5,000 Oats " 7,000 Barley " 2,400 Rye " 1,300 Flaxseed " 100 Com , " 500 Potatoes " 900 Seed Peas " 700 Clover Seed (Sweet) .... " 50 All Tame Hay Tons 50,000 Wild Hay " 28,400 Apples " Cherries & Misc. Fruits lbs. Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value 28 252,000 244,400 10.000 22 220,000 184,800 25 125,000 115,000 5,000 16 80,000 64,000 45 315,000 138,600 7,000 44 308,000 126.200 49 117,100 70,300 2,400 39 93,600 52.400 28 36,400 26,600 1,400 23 32,200 21,900 12.0 1.200 2,100 100 9.0 900 1,700 22 11,000 7,900 500 18 9,000 7,400 L07 96,000 62 ,'400 900 105 94,500 51,900 21 14,700 26,400 900 16 14,400 28,800 6.0 300 1,800 70 5.0 350 1,500 1.70 85,000 714,000 50,700 1.80 91,300 812,500 1.10 31,200 234,000 19,900 .95 18,900 151,200 960 1,200 1,100 78,500 4.500 800 1,700 1,500 1,000 65,800 4,900 900 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $1,729,600 $1,578,400 Livestock Marketed.... 1,778,600 2,166,000 68 MEAGHER COUNTY CROP Acreage Spring Wheat Bu. 5.000 Winter Wheat " 1.000 Oats " 3,000 Barley " 3.200 Rye " 300 Flaxseed " 100 Potatoes " 500 All Tame Hay Tons 28.000 Wild Hay " 21,700 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value 18 90,000 87,300 5,000 20 100,000 84,000 25 25,000 23,000 2,000 17 34,000 27,200 40 120,000 52,800 3,000 36 108,000 44,300 35 112,000 67,200 3,400 30 102,000 57,100 23 6.900 5,100 400 16 6,400 4,400 10.0 1.000 1,800 100 8.3 800 1,500 125 62,500 40,600 500 105 52,500 28,900 2.30 64.400 541,000 28,400 1.80 51,100 454,800 1.15 25.000 187,500 32,100 6.200 300 15,200 .69 10,500 84,000 27,300 7,000 200 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $1,044,900 Livestock Marketed.... 1,084.000 Value 1928 $ 820,700 1,298,500 MISSOULA COUNTY CROP Acreage Spring Wheat Bu. 11.000 Winter Wheat " 4,000 Oats " 5,000 Barley " 2.100 Rye " 100 Potatoes " 700 Beans ** 50 Seed Peas " 100 Sugar Beets ....*. Tons All Tame Hay " 21.000 Wild Hay " 4.000 Apples Bu. Cherries & Misc. Fruits lbs. Farm Gardens Truck Crops Strawberries Other Crops CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value 20 220,000 213.400 1:2.000 19 228,000 191,500 23 92,000 84,600 4,000 21 84,000 67,200 46 230,000 101,200 5,000 39 195,000 79,900 37 77,700 46.600 2,400 34 81,600 45,700 23 23,000 16,800 1.200 19 22,800 15.700 L40 98.000 63,700 700 125 87,500 48,100 22 1.100 3.300 50 17 800 3,100 24 2.400 4,300 100 19 1,900 3,800 310 9.20 2,850 22,800 2.30 48,300 405,700 21,200 2.15 45,600 405,800 1.00 4.000 30.000 2,800 1.15 3,200 25,600 52,180 67.800 3,600 93.900 31,400 1,000 91,300 82,200 4,000 80.000 34,300 4.000 1.200 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $1,167,300 Livestock Marketed .. 424.200 Value 1928 $1,114,900 494,700 MUSSELSHELL COUNTY 1 9 Acre CROP Acreage Yield Spring Wheat Bu. 34.000 19 Winter Wheat " 17,000 21 Oats " 8,000 35 Barley " 2.200 25 Rye " 2.900 20 Flaxseed " 100 10.0 Corn " 10,500 20 Potatoes " 500 130 Beans " 225 17 All Tame Hay Tons 16.000 1.90 Wild Hay " 2,700 1.00 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops CROP TABLE 927 Produc- tion 665,000 357.000 280.000 55.000 58.000 1.000 210.000 65.000 3.800 30.400 2,700 Value 645,100 328.400 123.200 33,000 42.300 1,800 151,200 42.200 11.400 255.400 20.200 71.000 1.200 700 Acreage 36,000 21,000 6.000 2.200 3.800 100 9.600 500 250 16.200 1.900 192 8 Acre Produc- Yield tion 12 12 28 26 17 8.4 16 90 12 1.75 .70 432,000 252,000 168,000 52,200 64,600 800 153,400 45,000 3,000 28.300 1,300 Value 362,900 201,600 68,900 29,200 44.600 1,500 125,800 24,800 11,600 251,900 10,400 60,400 1,300 500 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $1,727,100 Livestock Marketed... 511,700 Value 1928 $1,198,100 630,400 59 MINERAL COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Springr Wheat Bu. 1,000 20 20,000 19,400 Oats '* 2,000 52 104,000 45,800 Barley " 1,000 42 42,000 25,200 Potatoes *• 200 160 32.000 20,800 All Tame Hay ..Tons 2,000 1.80 3,600 30,200 Wild Hay " 1,300 1.10 1,400 10,500 Apples Bu. 4,150 5,400 Cherries & Misc . Fruits lbs . 1 , 700 Farm Gardens 25,700 Truck Crops 2,500 Other Crops 800 1928 Acre Acreage Yield 000 19 000 42 100 88 200 160 000 2, 900 1 Produc- tion 19,000 84,000 41,600 32,000 4,400 1,000 7,300 Value 16,000 34,400 23,800 17,600 39,200 8,000 6,600 1.800 22.300 2.700 300 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $187,500 Livestock Marketed .. 131.000 Value 1928 $172,200 153.500 PARK COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield lion Value Acreage Spring Wheat Bu. 20,000 25 500,000 485,000 21,000 Winter Wheat " 8,000 25 200,000 184,000 9,000 Oats " 7,000 50 350,000 154,000 7,000 Barley " 6,200 33 204,600 122,700 7,500 Rye " 300 20 6,000 4,400 400 Potatoes " 900 140 126,000 81,900 1,000 Seed Peas " 800 20 16,000 28,800 300 All Tame Hay Tons 45,000 2.30 103,500 869,400 48,000 Wild Hay " 4,000 1.20 4.800 36,000 2,800 Apples Bu. 2,200 2,900 Cherries & Misc , Fruits lbs . 1 , 100 Farm Gardens 89,300 Truck Crops 3,200 Other Crops 900 1928 Acre Produc- Yield tion 483,000 153,000 336,000 240,000 6,800 130,000 4,200 106,600 3,200 3,800 17 48 32 17 130 14 2.22 1.15 Value 405,700 122,400 137,700 134,400 4,700 71,500 8,400 948,700 25,600 3,400 1,200 76,000 8,600 1,000 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $2,063,600 Livestock Marketed.... 2,175,200 Value 1928 $1,944,200 2,666,300 PHILLIPS COUNTY CROP Acreage Spring Wheat Bu. 82,000 Winter Wheat " 1,000 Oats " 24,000 Barley " 5,000 Rye " 5,500 Flaxseed " 3,500 Corn " 1,000 Potatoes " 400 Beans " 100 Sugar Beeta Tons 545 Alfalia Seed Bu. 1,100 Clover Seed (Sweet) .... " 50 All Tame Hay Tons 16,000 Wild Hay " 35,400 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value 21 1 ,722,000 1 ,670,800 88,000 20 1 ,760,000 1 .478,400 16 16,000 14,700 500 10 5,000 4,000 40 960,000 422,400 15,000 36 540,000 221,400 31 155,000 93,000 5,800 30 174,000 97,400 20 110,000 80,300 7,000 14 98,000 67.600 10.0 35,000 61,200 3,800 8.9 33,800 64,900 18 18,000 13,000 900 15 13,500 11,100 140 56,000 36,400 300 105 31,500 17,300 9 900 2,700 200 11 2,200 8,500 10.15 5,530 45,500 750 7.50 5,625 45,000 1.5 1,700 22,100 1,700 3.0 5,100 69,900 3.4 170 1,000 50 2.0 100 400 2.50 40,000 336,000 16,300 2.40 39,100 348,000 .95 33,600 252,000 118,200 3.700 1,200 24,700 .95 23,500 188,000 100,600 4,000 1,800 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $3,173,700 Livestock Marketed .. 1,959,200 Value 1928 $2,728,800 2,495,900 60 PETROLEUM COUNTY CROP Acreage Spring Wheat Bu. 8,000 Winter Wheat " 2,000 Potatoes " 100 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value 17 136,000 131,900 9,000 14 126,000 105,800 15 30,000 27,600 3,000 7 21,000 16,800 100 10,000 6,500 49.000 1,000 500 100 96 9,600 5,300 41,700 1,000 800 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $216,500 Livestock Marketed.... 116.000 Value 1928 $170,900 145,500 PONDERA COUNTY CROP Acreage Spring Wheat Bu. 136,000 Winter Wheat " 2,000 Oats " 9,000 Barley " 7,400 Rye " 400 Flaxseed " 1,500 Corn " 2,000 Potatoes " 700 Sugar Beets Tons 40 All Tame Hay " 15,000 Wild Hay " 9,600 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value 24 3 ,264,000 3 ,166,100 145,000 23 3 ,335,000 2 ,801,400 25 50,000 46,000 2,000 22 44,000 35,200 48 432,000 190,100 7,000 45 315,000 219,100 42 310,800 186,600 7,000 38 266,000 149,000 22 8,800 6,400 400 20 8,000 5,500 11.0 16,500 28,900 2,000 12.5 25,000 48,000 21 42,000 30,200 2,000 25 50,000 41,000 120 84,000 54,600 600 130 78,000 42,900 8.75 350 2,900 260 7.20 1,870 15,000 1.60 24,000 201,600 15,200 1.70 25,800 229,600 1.00 9,600 72,000 95,800 20,700 1,000 6,600 .98 6,600 52,000 81,600 22,700 1,000 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $4,102,800 Livestock Marketed .. 892,300 Value 1928 $3,654,000 1,070,200 POWDER RIVER COUNTY CROP Acreage Spring Wheat Bu. 9,000 Winter Wheat " 1,000 Oats " 7,000 Barley „ _ " 2,200 Rye " 600 Flaxseed " 1,200 Corn " 7,000 Potatoes " 700 Beans " 650 Alfalfa Seed " 3,200 Clover Seed (Sweet) " 120 All Tame Hay Tons 30,000 Wild Hay " 16,300 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops ( CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value 18 162,000 157,100 10,000 19 190,000 159,600 20 20,000 18,400 2,000 15 30,000 24,000 40 280,000 123,200 7,000 39 273,000 111,900 35 77,000 46,200 2,600 33 85,800 48,000 20 12,000 8,700 700 17 11,900 8,200 10.2 14,400 25,200 1,800 11.0 19,800 38,000 26 182,000 131,000 5,500 20 110,000 90,200 110 77,000 50,000 500 130 65,000 35,700 18 11,700 35,100 600 20 12,000 46,200 1.5 4,800 62,400 3,800 2.0 7,600 104,100 3.5 420 2,500 200 4.0 800 3,400 1.60 48,000 403,200 30,500 1.80 54,900 488,600 1.20 19,600 147,000 69,700 1,700 700 11,400 1.01 11,500 92,000 59,300 1,800 600 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $1,282,100 Livestock Marketed... 816,700 Value 1928 $1,311,600 1,046,600 61 POWELL COUNTY CROP TABLE 19 2 7 19 2 8 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreagre Yield tion Spring Wheat Bu. 2.000 16 32.000 31.000 2.000 16 32.000 Winter Wheat " 2.000 24 48.000 44.200 2.000 21 42,000 Oats " 5.000 45 225.000 99.000 5.000 43 215.000 Barley " 2.100 27 56.700 34.000 2.300 27 62.100 Rye " 300 25 7.500 5.500 400 23 9.200 Potatoes " 800 130 140.000 67.600 800 125 100.000 Beans " 75 20 1.500 4.500 Seed Peas " 100 20 2.000 3.600 All Tame Hay Tons 39.000 2.09 81.500 684.600 39.600 2.00 79.200 Wild Hay " 32.500 1.50 48.700 365.200 22.800 1.05 23.900 Cherries & Misc. Fruits lbs. 1.700 Farm Gardens 48.900 Truck Crops 4.300 Other Crops 500 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $1,394,600 $1,189,700 Livestock Marketed .. 957.000 1,142,100 Value 26.900 33.600 88.100 34.800 6.30iD 55.000 704.900 191,200 1,700 42.000 4.700 50O PRAIRIE COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 64,000 16 1.024.000 993.300 68.000 11 748.000 628.300 Winter Wheat " 6,000 18 108.000 99.400 4.000 9 36.000 28.800 Oats . " 11,000 31 341.000 150.000 9.000 28 252.000 103.300 Barley " 1,000 30 30.000 18.000 1.200 25 30.000 16.800 Rye " 500 18 9.000 6.600 500 9 4.500 3.100 Flaxseed " 7,200 10.3 75.600 132.300 8.400 7.7 64.700 124.200 Corn " 11,000 23 253.000 182.200 9.500 15 142.500 116.800 Potatoes " 300 130 39.000 25.400 200 100 20.000 11.000 Beans " 1.400 14 19.600 58.800 2.000 7 14.000 53.900 Alfalfa Seed " 700 2.0 1.400 18.200 1.400 3.5 4.900 67.100 All Tame Hay Tons 5.000 2.10 10.500 88.200 5.100 1.55 7.900 70.300 Wild Hay " 9,300 1.00 ' 9.300 69.800 4,700 .80 3,800 30.400 Farm Gardens 50.700 43.200 Truck Crops 6.300 6.900 Other Crops 500 400 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $1,899,700 $1,304,500 Livestock Marketed... 473,000 585.500 RAVALLI COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 -1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Spring Wheat Bu. 4.000 27 108.000 104.800 4.000 24 96.000 Winter Wheat " 1,000 24 24.000 22.100 1.000 24 24.000 Oats " 6.000 58 348.000 153.100 6,000 50 300,000 Barley " 4,400 41 180.400 108.200 4.600 37 133.200 Rye " 200 24 4.800 3.500 200 22 4,400 Corn " 700 25 17.500 12.600 900 24 21,600 Potatoes " 1,700 150 255.000 165.800 1.800 145 261.000 Seed P^as " 900 21 18.900 34.000 1.300 19 24.700 Canning Peas Tons 390 1.00 390 19.900 500 1.02 510 Sugar Beete " 1.370 10.2 13.980 All Tame Hay " 40.000 2.50 100.000 840.000 40.600 2.20 89.300 Wild Hay " 2,700 1.25 3.400 25.500 1.900 1.20 2.300 Apples ...Bu. 173.900 226.100 304.200 Cherries & Misc. Fruits lbs. 26.300 Farm Gardens 104.900 Truck Crops 69,100 Strawberries Other Crops 1.800 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $1,917,100 $1,952,400 Livestock Marketed .. 1.664.700 2.011,400 62 Value 80.600 19.200 123.000 74,600 3,000 17,700 148,500 49.400 28.000 111.800 794.800 18.400 273.800 12.700 90.000 75.300 35.000 1.600 RICHLAND COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 119.000 21 2.541.000 2.464.700 127.000 18 2,286,000 1.920.200 Winter Wheat " 12.000 15 180.000 165.600 16,000 8 128.000 102.400 Oats " 24.000 35 840.000 369.600 23.000 34 788.000 323,000 Barley " 7.500 29 188.500 113.100 7,600 28 212.800 119,100 Rye '• 3.800 20 76,000 55.400 4.300 18 77,400 53,400 Flaxseed " 10.000 10.5 105.000 183.700 9,800 8.5 83,300 159.900 Corn " 20.000 27 540.000 388.800 20.000 24 480.000 393.600 Potatoes " 700 135 94.500 61.400 700 120 84.000 46.200 Beans " 1.800 16 28.800 86.400 2.200 14 30.800 118.500 Sugar Beets Tons 2.775 10.04 27.860 229.000 4.040 8.70 34,975 279.800 Alfalfa Seed Bu. 400 1.8 700 9.100 500 2.4 1,200 16.400 Clover Seed (Sweet) ... " 550 4.0 2.200 13.200 800 4.0 3.200 13.700 All Tame Hay Tons 30.000 1.70 51.000 428.400 30.500 1.95 59.500 529.500 Wild Hay " 10.800 1.05 11.300 84.700 7.600 1.00 7.600 60.800 Farm Gardens 118.200 100.600 Truck Crops 9.800 10.700 Other Crops 1.200 1,200 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1S27 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops S4. 782. 300 $4,249,000 Livestock Marketed... 818.900 1.001,400 ROOSEVELT COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 192 8 Aero Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 175.000 17 2.975,000 2,885.800 187.000 19 3,553.000 2.984,500 Winter Wheat " 5.000 16 80.000 73,600 4.000 8 32,000 25,600 Oats " 24.000 36 864.000 380.200 22.000 37 814,000 333.700 Barley " 3.200 26 83.200 49.900 3.600 28 100,800 56.400 Rye " 10.400 15 156.000 113.900 10,000 12 120,000 82.800 Flaxseed " 8.700 9.5 82.600 144.500 9.800 9.2 90.200 173,200 Corn " 16.800 22 369,600 266.100 14,000 19 266,000 218,100 Potatoes " 400 120 48.000 31.200 500 125 62,500 34.400 Beans " 350 18 6.300 18.900 100 10 1,000 3,800 Clover Seed (Sweet) .... " 50 3.0 150 900 1.000 2.0 2.000 8,600 All Tame Hay Tons 12.000 1.90 22.800 191.500 12.200 1.85 22.600 201.100 Wild Hay " 32.500 1.17 38.000 285.000 22.800 .83 18.900 151.200 Farm Gardens 110.000 93.600 Truck Crops 8.600 9.400 Other Crops 1.100 1.000 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $4,561,200 $4,377,400 Livestock Marketed . 1.119.800 1.445,100 ROSEBUD COUNTY CROP TABLE 192 7 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 41.000 9.000 19 16 779.000 144.000 755.600 132.400 44.000 7.000 18 12 792.000 84.000 665.300 Winter Wheat 67.200 Oats 11.000 2.200 36 27 396.000 59.400 174.200 35.600 10.000 2.300 34 24 340.000 55.200 139,400 Barley 30.900 Rye 2.500 20 50.000 36.500 3.000 14 48,000 33.100 Flaxseed 1.800 10.0 16.200 28.300 1.000 6.0 6.000 11.500 Corn . 22.000 28 594.000 427.700 16.000 22 352.000 288.600 Potatoes 600 125 75.000 48.700 600 100 60.000 33.000 Beans " 3.100 20 62.000 186.000 3.500 14 49.000 188.600 Sugar Beets ...Tons 1.380 13.50 18.590 152.800 1.280 9.80 12.500 100.000 Alfalfa Seed Bu. 1.000 1.5 1.500 19.500 2.000 2.0 4.000 54.800 Clover Seed (Sweet) " 80 4.5 360 2.200 300 3.0 900 3,900 All Tame Hay ...Tons 25.000 2.20 55.000 462.000 25.400 1.65 41,900 372.900 Wild Hay 20.300 1.05 21.300 159.800 14.200 1.00 14,200 113.600 Farm Gardens 61.100 52.000 Truck Crops 20.200 22,000 Other Crops 600 600 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $2,703,200 $2,177,400 Livestock Marketed... 916.700 1,127,800 63 SANDERS COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 1,000 24 24,000 23,300 1,000 22 22,000 18,600 Winter Wheat " 4,000 23 92,000 84,600 6,000 20 120,000 96,00& Oats " 3,000 42 126,000 55,400 2,000 39 78,000 32,000 Barley " 2,000 34 68,000 40,800 2,400 38 91,200 51,100 Rye " 300 17 5,100 3,700 300 18 5,400 3,700 Corn " 700 25 17,500 12,600 800 26 20,000 16,400 Potatoes " 700 140 98,000 63,700 800 125 100,000 65,000 All Tame Hay Tons 15,000 2.20 33,000 277,200 15,200 2.10 31,900 283,900 Wild Hay " 1,300 1.35 1,800 13,500 900 1.10 1,000 8,000 Apples 8,300 10,800 14,600 13,100 Cherries & Misc. Fruits lbs. 1,100 1,200 Farm Gardens 98,000 83,400 Truck Crops 6,000 • 6,400 Other Crops 1,000 90O VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AKD 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $ 690,700 S 668,600 Livestock Marketed .. 881,100 1.069,800 SHERIDAN COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 246,000 19 4,674,000 4,633,800 264,000 19 6,016,000 4,213,400 Winter Wheat " 3,000 15 45,000 41,400 2,000 12 24,000 19,200 Oats " 38,000 87 1,406,000 618,600 36,000 39 1,404,000 576,600 Barley " 6,600 24 131,900 79,100 6,400 26 166,400 93,200 Rye " 8,700 16 139,200 101,600 9,500 14 133,000 91,800 Flaxseed " 19,500 10.5 204,700 358,200 23,600 10.0 235,000 451,200 Corn " 10,000 25 250,000 180,000 10,000 18 180,000 147,600 Potatoes " 600 110 66,000 42,900 600 80 48,000 26,400 Beans " 75 15 ijoo 3,300 70 10 700 2,700 All Tame Hay — Tons 16,000 1.60 24,000 201,600 15,200 1.60 22,800 202,900 Wild Hay „ " 22,500 .80 18,000 135,000 15,800 .95 15,000 120,000 Farm Gardens 126,700 107,900 Truck Crops ..„ 1,700 1,800 Other Crops 1,800 1,400 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crop $6,425,200 $6,055,100 Livestock Marketed .. 965,300 1,199,400 STILLWATER COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 66,000 21 1,155,000 1,120,300 59,000 18 1,062,000 892,100 Winter Wheat „.... " 89,000 23 897,000 825,200 45,000 14 630,000 604,000 Oats " 12,000 38 466,000 200,600 13,000 36 455,000 186,500 Barley " 6,500 88 247,000 148,200 6,900 88 227,600 127,400 Rye " 1,200 20 24,000 17,500 1,200 16 19,200 13,200 Flaxseed " 400 11.0 4,400 7,700 400 9.0 3.600 6,900 Corn ^ " 7,500 21 157,500 113,400 6,600 21 115,500 94,700 Potatoes " 700 136 94,500 61,400 600 100 60,000 88,000 Beans " 200 28 5,600 16,800 500 22 11,000 42,300 Seed Peas " 100 21 2,100 8,800 100 17 1,700 3,400 Sugar Beets Tons 1,860 11.60 21,680 177,400 1,260 9.90 12.500 100.000 Alfalfa Seed Bu. 100 8.0 300 3,900 Clover Seed (Sweet) .... " 800 6.0 4,800 28,800 400 4.0 1.600 6,900 All Tame Hay Tons 83,000 1.80 59,400 498,900 33,500 1.70 67,000 507,800 Wild Hay " 4,000 1.80 6,200 89,000 2,800 .62 1,700 13,600 Apples Bu. 1,660 2,100 2,900 2,600 Cherries & Misc . Fruits lbs . 600 700 Farm Gardens 126,100 107,400 Truck Crops 6,700 7,800 Other Crops 1,800 1,400 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $8,899,700 $2,650,700 Livestock Marketed.... 1,849,800 1,650,600 64 SILVER BOW COUNTY CROP Acr Oats Bu. 2,000 50 Rye " 1,500 Potatoes " 300 All Tame Hay Tons 5,000 Wild Hay " 6,700 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value 50 100,000 44,000 2,000 43 86,000 35,300 27 40,500 29,600 2,000 21 4,200 2,300 90 27,000 17,500 300 85 25,500 14,000 1.90 9,500 79,800 5,100 1.70 8,700 77,400 1.10 7,400 55,500 15,400 8,500 200 4,700 .90 4,200 33,600 13,500 9,300 300 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $250,500 Livestock Marketed.... 591,300 Value 1928 $185,700 755.800 SWEET GRASS COUNTY i< Acre CROP Acreage Yield Spring Wheat Bu. 24,000 21 Winter Wheat " 6,000 22 Oats " 8,000 43 Barley " 1,000 38 Hye " 1,500 17 Com " 1,100 22 Potatoes " 300 155 All Tame Hay Tons 37,000 2.30 Wild Hay " 6,800 1.10 Apples Bu . Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops CROP TABLE 927 1928 Produc- Acre Produc- tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value 504,000 488,900 26,000 17 442,000 371,300 132,000 121,400 7,000 18 126,000 100,800 344,000 151,400 7,000 39 273,000 111,900 38,000 22,800 1,100 31 34,100 19,100 25,500 18,600 2,000 14 28,000 19,300 24,200 17,400 1,100 15 - 16,500 13,500 46,500 30,200 300 118 35,400 19,500 85,100 714,800 37,600 2.10 79,000 703,100 7,500 56,200 4,800 1.00 4,800 38,400 1,550 2.000 86.700 300 900 2,700 2,400 73,800 300 900 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING J 927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $1,711,600 Livestock Marketed.... 1.427,600 Value 1928 $1,474,300 1,719,700 TREASURE COUNTY CROP Spring Wheat Winter Wheat Oats Bi CROP TABLE 1927 Acre Produc- Acreage Yield tion Value 11,000 22 242,000 234,700 9,000 20 180,000 165,600 4,000 50 200,000 88,000 2,200 28 61,600 36,900 1,500 20 30,000 21,900 200 10.5 2,100 3,700 3,200 27 86,400 62,200 300 140 42,000 27,300 725 20 14,500 43,500 1.630 12.95 21,100 173,400 800 2.0 1,600 20.800 12.000 2.30 27.600 231.800 1.300 1.75 2,300 17.200 25.300 900 300 1928 Acre Produc- Acreage Yield tion 12.000 19 228,000 12,000- 16 192,000 4,000 39 156.000 2,200 27 59,400 2,000 15 30,000 200 7.0 1,400 3,100 19 58,900 300 120 36,000 1,000 14 14,000 1,230 9.80 12,000 1,000 2.4 2,400 12.200 2.21 27,000 900 1.11 1,000 Value 191,500 153,600 64,000 Barley 33.300 Rye . 20 700 Flaxseed 2 700 Corn 48,300 Potatoes 19,800 Beans 53,900 Sugar Beets To ns J. ns 96,000 Alfalfa Seed Bi 32 900 All Tame Hay W' ild Hay To 240,300 8,000 Farm Gardens Truck Crops 21,500 1 000 Other Crops 300 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $1,153,500 Livestock Marketed. 334.000 Value 1928 $987,800 426,400 65 TETON COUNTY CROP Acreage Spring Wheat Bu. 137,000 Winter Wheat " 4,000 Oats " 9.000 Barley '* 4.200 Rye " 2.900 Flaxseed " 1.000 Corn •' 2.200 Potatoes " 400 Sugar Beets Tons 8 All Tame Hay ** 16.000 Wild Hay " 36,500 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops CROP TABLE 1927 Acre Produc- Yield tion 25 22 45 36 20 9.5 25 130 3,450,000 88,000 405.000 151.200 58.000 9,500 55.000 52,000 30 25.600 45,600 Value ,346,500 81.000 178.200 90,700 42.300 16.600 39,600 33.800 200 215.000 342,000 129.000 1.600 1.300 Acre Acreage Yield 147.000 24 9.000 9.000 5,000 2.400 600 1.500 400 140 20 7.0 16.300 1.70 25,500 .95 28 Produc- tion ,528,000 198,000 387,000 190,000 45,600 6,100 39.000 56,000 140 27.700 24,200 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $4,517,800 Livestock Marketed .. 953,200 Value 1928 $4,046,900 1,158.200 Value ,963.500 158,400 158,700 106.400 31,500 11.700 32,000 30.800 1.100 246.500 193.600 109.800 1.700 1,200 TOOLE COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Spring Wheat Bu. 53,000 21 1,113,000 Oats " 6.000 40 240.000 Barley " 2.200 35 77,000 Rye " 1,500 20 30.000 Flaxseed " 300 9.0 2.700 Corn " 2,200 22 48.400 Potatoes " 300 135 40.500 All Tame Hay Tons 5.000 1.80 9.000 Wild Hay " 5,400 1.25 6.700 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops Value ,079,600 105.600 46.200 21.900 4.700 34.800 26.300 75.600 50.200 80.200 700 800 1928 Acre Acreage Yield 57.000 6.000 300 000 400 100 300 120 100 1 Produc- tion ,083,000 204,000 80 , 500 32.000 4.000 37.800 36,000 8,700 2.700 Value 909.700 83.600 45,100 22.100 7.700 31.000 19,800 77.400 21.600 68.300 800 900 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $1,526,600 Livestock Marketed .. 991,400 Value 1928 $1,288,000 1,263,500 3.740.000 3,627.800 144.000 132,500 VALLEY COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu, 187,000 20 Winter Wheat " 8.000 18 Oats •' 34.000 36 1 Barley " 6,000 27 Rye " 2,500 17 Flaxseed " 17,500 9.1 Corn " 10,000 28 Potatoes " 600 85 Beans " Sugar Beets , Tons 75 8.10 Alfalfa Seed Bu. 100 2.0 Clover Seed (Sweet) .... " 50 7.0 All Tame Hay Tons 23.000 2.30 Wild Hay " 15,100 1.20 Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops .224.000 162.000 42.500 159.200 280.000 51.000 610 200 350 52 . 900 17,500 538.600 97.200 31.000 278.600 201,600 33,100 5.000 2.600 2.100 444.400 131.200 160.800 7.800 1,600 Acreage 200.000 11.000 30.000 6.200 2.600 20.000 .9.000 700 50 95 300 150 23.400 10.600 1 9 Acre Yield 19 3 13 37 1 27 15 7.5 20 100 6 7.50 2.0 5.0 2.10 1.07 28 Produc- tion .800,000 143.000 .110,000 167,400 39.000 150,000 180.000 70.000 300 710 600 800 49.100 11,300 Value 3.192.000 114.400 455.100 93.700 26.900 288.000 147.600 38.500 1.200 5.700 8.200 3.400 437.000 90,400 136.900 8.500 1.600 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Crops $5,695,900 Livestock Marketed .. 1,886,600 66 Value 1928 $5,049,100 2,345,000 WHEATLAND COUNTY CROP TABLE CROP Spring Wheat Bu. Winter Wheat " Oats " Barley „ " Rye " Flaxseed " Corn _ " Potatoes " Seed Peas " All Tame Hay Tons Wild Hay " Farm Gardens Truck Crops Other Crops 19 Acre Acreage Yield 34,000 13 4,000 7,000 1,000 900 100 2,200 300 100 100 20 18,000 1. 70 6.700 1.30 27 Produc- tion 442,000 64,000 266,000 30,000 18,000 1,000 46,200 30,000 2,000 30,600 8,700 Value 428,700 58,900 117,000 18,000 13,100 1,800 33,300 19,500 3,600 257,000 65,200 55,000 2,000 600 Acreage 36,000 5,000 7,000 1,000 1,200 100 2,100 300 100 18,300 4,700 Acre Yield 13 14 28 28 16 8.4 15 85 20 1. 1928 50 Produc- tion . 468,000 70,000 196,000 28,000 19,200 800 31,500 25,500 2,000 27,400 3,800 Value 393,100 56,000 80,400 15,700 13,200 1,500 25,800 14,000 4,000 243,900 30,400 46,800 2.000 500 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops $1,073,700 $ 968,300 Livestock Marketed.... 1,323,300 1,648,100 WIBAUX COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Value Spring Wheat Bu. 61,000 16 976,000 946,700 65,000 15 975,000 819,000 Winter Wheat " 7,000 13 91,000 83,700 9,000 11 99,000 79,200 Oats " 11,000 40 440,000. 193,600 12,000 85 420,000 172,200 Barley " 5,600 32 179,200 107,500 5,800 30 174,000 97,400 Rye " 700 16 11,200 8,200 700 16 11,200 7,700 Flaxseed " 6,000 9,5 57,000 99,700 7,200 5.0 86,000 69,100 Com " 5,300 19 100,700 72,500 4,600 19 85,500 70,100 Potatoes " 400 145 58,000 87,700 400 90 36,000 19,800 All Tame Hay Tons 10,000 2.24 22,400 188,200 10,200 1.96 19,900 177,100 Wild Hay " 1,300 1.00 1,300 9,700 900 1.00 900 7,200 Farm Gardens „ 42,200 85,900 Truck Crops „ 700 800 Other Crops 400 300 VALUE OF CROPS PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops _.. $1,790,800 $1,555,800 Livestock Marketed.... 286,900 340.300 YELLOWSTONE COUNTY CROP TABLE 1927 1928 Acre Produc- Acre Produc- CROP Acreage Yield tion Value Acreage Yield tion Spring Wheat Bu. 59,000 22 1,298,000 1,259,100 63,000 19 1,197,000 Winter Wheat " 48,000 25 1,200,000 1,104,000 61,000 15 915,000 Oats " 16,000 45 800,000 352,000 12,000 36 432,000 Barley ....; " 5,500 36 198,000 118,800 8,000 32 256,000 Rye " 2,700 18 48,600 35,500 3,800 15 57,000 Flaxseed " 900 8.0 7,200 12,600 1,100 6.7 7,400 Corn " 20,000 24 480,000 345,600 18,500 21 388,500 Potatoes " 1,300 147 191,100 124,200 1,300 80 104,000 Beans " 14,450 21 303,500 910,500 19,280 14 269,900 Seed Peas " 200 20 4,000 7,200 200 17 3 400 Sugar Beets Tons 14,170 12.10 171,290 1,408,000 8,490 9.80 83.200 Alfalfa Seed Bu. 400 3.0 1,200 15,600 600 3.0 1 800 Clover Seed (Sweet) .... " 1,100 7.0 7,700 46,200 1,430 5.0 7 200 ^].\,T??^e Hay Tons 40,000 2.40 96,000 806,400 40,600 2.35 95 400 Wild Hay " 4,000 1.10 4,400 33,000 2,800 70 2*000 Apples . ...Bu. 3,310 4,300 5 ',600 Cherries & Misc. Fruits lbs. 600 ".""v Farm Gardens 215,900 Truck Crops 47*100 Other Crops 2! 200 ^^^HS,£LS5^Jf^ PRODUCED IN 1927 AND 1928 AND VALUE OP LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS MARKETED DURING 1927 AND 1928 Value 1927 Value 1928 Crops ... .. $6,848,700 $5,862,600 Livestock Marketed.... 1,840,600 2,827,400 67 Value ,005,500 732,000 177.100 143,400 39,300 14,200 318,600 57,200 ,039,100 6,800 665,600 24,700 30,900 849,100 16,000 5,000 700 183,800 51,400 2,100 INDEX GENERAL: Page Aerriculture in 1928 _ S Bank deposits '„'. ] !1™™™...™"^"™!"!™"1"""!"!!! 9 Farm implement sales Z LI!.™!™..™"™.!™!!! 10 Farm labor wagres 9 Growing season 1928 „ !!. 6 Land values „ ! 7 Price trends !. g FARM INCOME, Value of County table of crops produced 14 Coimty table of value of livestock sales IB Distribution of county income 12 Estimates — basis 11 Sources of farm income with table 12-18 CROP PRODUCTION STATISTICS Acreage shifts in 1928 19 Acre values of yields !!!!.!.!!!!! 21 Average acre yields !..!...!!!!!!!! 20 Bushel weights of grains !!!!...!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!! 17 Composite of crop yields !..!!!!!!!!!!!!! 17 PRODUCTION TABLE Montana 22 United States !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!! 23 Rank in crop production ""....' 17 Total tonnage of crops produced !!!!. !..!!!.!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 20 Wheat shipments by months !!!!!!!.!!!!!!!!!!! 26 Percentage of crops marketed !.!!!!!!!!!!!!! 18 CROPS: Alfalfa and clover seed 81 Apples ...!!!!..!!!!!!!!! 83 Barley „ 30 Beans 32 Cherries 34 Com „ „ 29 Flax 28 Hay 30 Oats 80 Potatoes _ 33 Rye 31 Seed and canning peas „ 32 Strawberry production 35 Sugar beets _ „ 81 Wheat 24-28 Average yields, Spring wheat 26 All wheat, trend of production, Montana and U. S „ 24 Production, marketings and prices 1928 24 Protein 25 Test weights „ 25 National situation 27 COUNTY STATISTICS OF CROP PRODUCTION (Listed alphabetically) 49-67 LIVESTOCK: Bees and Honey 47 CATTLE: Z....'Z'.Z" 3k-S9 All cattle, trend 86 Exports 38 Review of industry . .! 36 Purchasing power of beef !! 37 The cattle cycle 88 Dairy Industry ; Z 42 Milk production study ! !.!!! 42 Milk cows in Montana Z 48 Products „ _ 48 Butter exports 42 Horses and Mules 48-44 Livestock classification table _ . 48 Poultry „ 46-47 Egg production study _ 46 Income , trend of „ _ 47 Turkey industry _ 46 Sheep „ 89-41 Swine 44-46 FUR FARMING IN MONTANA 47 68 -%^ ^m^^t^