BE a
* The potatoes grow better in the
higher provinces of Minas Geraes and St.
Paul, than in the warm and low districts of
Rio Janciro.
t The maize cultivated in the country
only vipens twice a-year; but, by intro-
ducing the quickly ripening kinds from the
south of France and Italy, I am of opinion
that it might be reaped oftener.
¢ Thisisa very nourishing and whole-
some food, which requires a peculiar pre-
paration; but there is also a sweet man-
dioca-root, which only requires to be
boiled in water, alter which itresembles the
chesnut in taste,
|| The banana, or plantain, is a sweet,
pleasant, and very nutritious fruit, which,
when bosled, or broiled, tastes almost like
paneake with sugar, and is also very plea-
sawt in itstaw state. :
Montru_y Mas, No. 369.
Present State of Brazii; by Baron Lungsdorf.
513
latitude, cannot be compared to Bra-
zil; fer, should even the fertility of
the ground be the same there, they
have not that abundant varicty of natu-
ral produce, nor docs their scenery
offer the same beauties to the eye.
With less forest, those countries bear
quite an European appearance. They
certainly possess rich copper and silver
mines, yet the gold and diamond mines
in Brazil are richer. Besides this the
whole nation, beyond the Cordilleras,
is in a state of revolution ; and, there-
fore, unable to offer to a stranger a se-
cure settlement, much less any pecu-
liar advantages.
Let ‘us now shortly compare Brazil
with other countries of America; for
instance, the United States of North
America, the West Indian Islands, tie
English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and
other possessions, to see whether they
offer any advantages like these. Inthe
United States, the poorer classes of
emigrants are now sent many hundred
miles into the interior ; they are obliged
to earn their travelling expences,
slave-like, by hard labour, generally
for two years and a half, after which
they receive their freedom, together
with clothing. and ten dollars, with
which they are left to try their fortune,
and to buy lands.
The climate of North America is
gencrally rude aud less fertile than
Brazil, very unhealthy, and exposed
to infectious and dangerous fevers.
This is also the case in the West In-
dies, the Havannah, St. Domingo,
Jamaica, Surinam, Guadaloupe, Mar-
tinique, &e. where many thousand in-
dustrious Europeans have met with a
premature death.
Another objection to the settlement
in these countries is the dreadful
storms and hurricanes of which we can
form no conception in Europe, and
which often ruin the most industrious
proprictor or farmer in a very short
time. In one night, in one hour, and
frequently in a few minates, his whole
hope, and the labour of many years, are
destroyed ; his fruit-trees are torn cut
by the roots, all the plantations ruined,
and his dwellings reduced to a heap of
rubbish.
The case is quite the reverse in
Brazil. Were they know of no infec-
tious diseases, nor has the land ever been
exposed to the violence of the weather,
For this reason the property, in such a
country, is more secure and of grater
value.
on To
514
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine.
SIR,
BSERVING in the wrapper of
your miscellany for this month,
that, to the Theory and Practice of
Naval Architecture, an appendix is
added, containing the principles and
practice of constructing ships, as in-
vented and introduced by Sir Robert
Seppings, surveyor of his Majesty’s
navy, I beg, as a clue to the origin of
such inventions, to state the following
hints.
These inventions may be considered
under the different heads,—
1. Filling in and caulking between the
timbers.
2. Omitting the inside planking, and
placing diagonal riders.
5. Horizontal timbers.
4, Cross planking.
5. Strength and keelson pieces,
6. Round sterns.
The first mode was suggested by Cap-
tain Malcolm Cowan, about eighteen
years ago, who, in a letter to a friend,
says,—‘I formerly proposed to the
Admiralty to fill in between the tim-
bers, and make all solid, and caulk
inside and outside before the plank
was put on.”
The second mode was also proposed
by Captain Cowan at the same time,
as he adds,—“‘ And then not to plank
the inside, but to lay riders fore and
aft diagonal: the diagonal riders,
and the vertical timbers, and fore and
aft planks, forming a series of tri-
angles. Now, the triangular frame is
well known to be the strongest that
can be made; but it was not approved
of, though it is now adopted.”—See
St. Barbe and Stuart’s Patent Method
- of Ship Building, published about
1804. ;
5rd. Horizontal timbers were first
suegested in 1793-4, and published in
the Papers on Naval Architecture, by
the patriotic bookseller, the late Mr.
Sewell, of Cornhill, In 1806 Mr.
Boswell obtained a patent for a new
mode of ship-building, and did builda
ship, by triangular arrangement of the
material, and horizontal clamp tim-
bers, since introduced into the public
dock-yards by the significant name of
shelfpicces.
4th. Diagonally placing the deck-
planks, to be secured by coaks, was
published by Egerton in 1805, as ap-
pears in the late Mr. Maconochie’s
Prospectus, the principle of which,
and in some instances the very words,
On the improved Construction of Ships.
[July 1
are inserted in a paper “On the new
Principle of Constructing his Majesty’s
Ships of War; by Robert Sepping,
esq. read before the Royal Society,
March 10, 1814.
Coaking was first introduced in
building ships-of-war, with other im-
provements, by Sir Samuel Bentham,
who laid the foundation for amelio-
rating the public dock-yards; but the
idea of cross-planking originated with
that universal philosopher Dr. Frank-
lin in 1775.
5th. The bolting of timber over the
joints of the floor, and first foot-hook
heads, was recommended, if not ap-
plied, by Mr. Gillett, near thirty years
ago; and fixing pieces of timber on
each side the keelson in midships, to
prevent sagging, was actually done
previous to that period in a peger
built ship.
For all of which inventions, an in-
genious shipwright, who introduced
the principle of the battering-ram for
lifting ships to shift the keel, was,
from a foreman, made an assistant,
then master shipwright, and after-
wards translated to the Navy Board,
and became one of the surveyors ata
salary of 1000/. per annum, witha title
and award of 5000/. public money, as
a small, or, as it was termed, a paltry
reward for his inventions and disco-
veries.
All these honours and emoluments
the fortunate carpenter mighthave en-
joyed in quiet, with the 1000/. he re-
ceived for laying blocks, as suggested
by Mr. Snodgrass, had not another in-
vention started up in a letter to the
first lord of the Admiralty, describing
“the advantages of this new plan of
round sterns, and a detailed account
of the imperfections of the square
sterns,” which is in principle the same,
if not the very words suggested in
1802, and actually published im the
Precursor, January 1813, of which the-
following is an extract from p. 16 :—
““A complete ship of war should be
enabled to fight guns in every direction,
for which purpose, the square, exposed,
and overhanging stern, should be done
away ; and, in future, formed into a circn-
lar battery; for, although ships of war, as
at present, are extremely formidable from
a broadside battery, they are very vul-
nerable, indeed almost defenceless at the
extremities, and effective force should be
considered the most essential quality na
floating fortress.”
May 8th, 1822. Facr.
To
1822.]
To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine.
SIR,
HE incalculable number of Eng-
lish visitants to Paris having ren-
dered the curiosities contained in the
Royal -Library of that metropolis very
familiar to my countrymen, I have
been led to imagine that some notice
of singularly curious manuscripts in
the Grand Library at Lyons might
not be unacceptable to your readers ;
and, as a residence of a lengthened
period, combined with a love of an-
cient lore, and an intimacy with Mr.
Delandine, first librarian of this city,
have contributed to forward my views
on ancient literature, 1 remit you the
accompanying notices, which, if in-
serted in your Miscellany, shall be
followed up by others of a similar na-
ture. It would be needless to remark,
that the great distance of Lyons from
our shores, and even from Paris, ren-
ders the visits of the English very un-
frequent; and of those who arrive but
few are led to inspect the bibliothecal
stores of this ancient city.
Lyons ; June 1822.
NO. I.
Service of the Syriac Chureh, in the
Language of that Country.
This curious and remarkable manu-
script is in folio, written upon vellum,
in double columns; the rubrics- and
titles being stained of a purple, and
the work also adorned with drawings
of the same colour, together with
others green and yellow, and bearing
the representation of an Asiatic cross.
At each quire, consisting of twenty
pages, is found a kind of catch-word,
surrounded by Arabesque, and the
character throughout is Syriac, or the
ancient Chaldean, named Séringueli.
It was written in the year 1449, of
Alexander the Great, according to
Greek calculation, which makes it in
the year 1137 of our era. The author
was Father Micaél, native of Maha-
rach, and a brother of the monastery
of St. Mary Magdalen, at Deiro-
Oucams, which signifies the Black
Mountain. We composed it at the pe-
riod when John was Patriarch of
Antioch, Gabriel Patriarch of Alex-
andria, and Agnatius Bishop of Ma-
harach.
The volume was discovered under
the vaulting of a Syriac place of wor-
ship at Aleppo, where it had long
served as the original guide for the
rites of the Syriac church in Asia; and
ERUGO.
Curious Manuscripts in the Grand Library at Lyons.
515
from it were transcribed other manu-
scripts, disseminated for the use of
the followers of that faith.
On the 22d of December, 1654, the
Patriarch Peter, and Dionysius Ros-
cala, Archbishop of the East, presented
this curious relic to the Chevalier
D’Arvieux, then French consul at
Aleppo, who, upon his return to
France, stopped at Lyons, where he
was so gratified by the reception there
experienced, that he gave this literary
monument to the Grand Library of
the eity, as a testimony of his particu-
lar affection for the Lyonese.
The Chevalier D’Arvieux, replete
with zeal and with knowledge, had
studied the oriental languages, in order
to acquire a perfect insight as to the
history of all the inhabitants of the
East. The great services he had ren-
dered to the Christians m Asia, and
380 French slaves whom he ransomed
at Tunis, prompted Pope Innocent XT.
to bestow upon him a singular proof
of his esteem; wherefore he named
him Bishop of Babylon, although no
more than a simple Knight of Malta;
and, in case he did not think fit to
accept this dignity, the Holy Father
accorded him permission to confer it
upon whomsoever he should think fit.
D’Arvieux was consul at Aleppo in
1679, and his Memoirs were published
in 1736 by Labat, the work consisting
of six vols. 12mo.
NO. If.
The Coran, written in the Turkish
Language, in iGmo.
This book, of remote antiquity, and
so venerated by the major part of the
inhabitants of Asia, is in Turkish-
Arabian, every page having an embel-
lished border, and containing eleven
kinds of text.
The Turkish dialect, formed from
the Arabian, has five letters less ; the
character was fixed by the Vizir
Melech, who about the year 933 wrote
out the Coran in’ such a beautiful
and correct style of penmanship, that
his letters were regarded as types.
Sale, Gamier, Roland, Chardin,
Prideaux, D’Herbelot, Tournefort,
Marucci, Du-Ryer, and Turpin, have
particularly descanted at large upon
this Bible of the Mussulmans. It is
written in verses, the chain of which is
frequently broken, so that at the first
inspection it seems to present nothing
but a sexies of laws, or detached moral
precepts. Beside a very trivial maxim
is found amost sublime image; and
near
516
near a sterile dogma is a glowing de-
seription of human virtues.
The word Coran signifies the Book
of Books, as the term Misna of the
Jews. According to its believers, it
was sent from heaven during the night
of the 23d or 24th of the month of
Ramadan; but the work was not given
to the world, and vested with public
authority, until the thirtieth year of the
Hegira, under the Caliph Omar, se-
cond successor of Mahomet. The
first transcripts were in the Copthic ;
but it is not ascertained whether the
manuscript now under review is writ-
ten in those specific characters.
The work consists of 114 chapters,
of which the Mahomedan doctors have
counted the words and the Ictters, in
order that neither ignorance nor malig-
nity should add or retrench a syllable.
The number of words is 77,639: the
prose consists ef an harmonious and
flowing rhyme; the metaphors are
luxuriant, but the conciseness of ex-
pression frequently renders the sense
obscure and mysterious.
Mahomet wrote his work in the
Koreisitic dialect, which was the
purest of the Hast. Some coadjutors
have been given to this eastern pro-
phet during his composition of the
Coran, namely, Hertebé the Ara-
bian, Salman the Persian, Bensalem
the Jew, and Sergius the monk, with
whem Mahomet was closely allied
when he conducted his caravans into
Syria. ‘The Caliph Al-Mamun pub-
lished an edict, which subjected’ all
Mussulmen to believe the Coran
eternal; which ordinance produced
many dissenters and martyrs, as it uni-
formly happens when foree is resorted
to in cases of theological discussions.
The devotees for the Aleoran never
touch or open it without previous
ablution; and in order to give timely
notice, to prevent any inadvertency,
they take the precaution of writing
these words on the first page :—Do not
touch this book with polluted hands ; they
are even scrupulous as to carrying it
under their girdles, and upon the
leaves of this work their oath is admi-
nistered.
— a
For the Monthly Magazine.
GOLDEN RULES {0 RENDER YOUNG
TRADESMEN RESPECTABLE, PROSPER-
OUS, AND WEALTHY.
i HOOSE a good and command-
ing situation, even at a higher
rent or premium; for no money is so
Golden Rules for Young Tradesmen.
[July f,
well laid out as for situation, provided:
good use be made of it.
2. Take your shop-door off the
hinges at seven o’clock every morn-
ing, that no obstruction may be op-
posed to your customers.
3. Clean and: set out your windows
before eight o’clock ; and do this with
your own hands, that you may expose
for sale the articles which are most sale-
able, and which you most want to sell.
4, Sweep before your house ; and, if
required, open a footway from the
opposite side of the street, that pas-
sengers may think of you while eross-
ing, and that all your neighbours may
be sensible of your diligence.
5. Wear an. apron, if such be the
custom of your business; and consider
it as a badge of distinction, which will
procure you respect and ercdit.
G. Apply your first returns of ready-
money to pay debts before they are
due, and give sueh transactions due
emphasis by claiming discount.
7. Always be found at home, and in
some way employed; and remember
that your meddling neighbours have
their eyes upon you, and are constantly
gauging you by appearances.
8. Re-weigh and re-measure all your
stock, rather than let it be supposed
that you have nothing to do.
9. Keep some article not usually
kept, or sell. some current article
cheap, that you may draw customers,
and enlarge your intercourse.
10. Keep up the exact quality or
flavour of all articles which you find
are approved by your customers; and
by this means you will enjoy their
preference.
bY. Buy for ready-money as often as
you have any to spare ; and, when you
take credit, pay to a day, and un-
asked. «=
12. No advantage will ever arise to
you from any ostentatious display of
expenditure.
13. Beware of the odds and ends of
stock, of remnants, of spoiled goods,
and of waste; for it is in such things
that your profits lie.
4. In serving your customers be
firm and obliging, and never lose your
temper,—for nothing is got by it.
15. Always be scen at chureh or
chapel on Sunday ; never ata gaming-
table ; and seldom-at the theatres or at
places of amusement.
16, Preter a prudent and discreet
toa rich and showy wife.
17, Spend yourevenings by yourown
fire-side
1822.]
fire-side, and shun a public-house or
a sottish club as you would a bad debt.
18, Subscribe with your neighbours
to a book-club, and improve your
mind, that you may be qualified to use-
your future afllwence with credit to
yourself, and advantage to the public.
19. 'Take stock every year, estimate
your profits, and do not spend above
their fourth,
20. Avoid the commen folly of expend-
ing your precious eapital upon a costly
architectural front; such things operate
on the world like paint on a woman’s
cheeks,—repelling beholders instead
of attracting them.
21. Every pound wasted by a young ,
tradesman is two pounds Tost at the
end of three years, and sixtcen pounds
at the end of twenty-four years.
22. Toavoid being robbed and ruined
by apprentices and assistants, never
allow them to go from home in the
evening ; and the restriction will prove
equally useful to servant and master.
23. Remember that prudent pur-
chasers avoid the shop of an extrava-
gant and ostentatious trader ; for they
justly consider that, if they deal with
him, they must contribute to his follies.
24. Let these be your Rules till you
have realized your stock, and till you
ean take discount for prompt payment
on all purchases; and you may, then
mdulge in any degree which your ha-
dits and sense of prudence suggest.
June 4, 1622. COMMON SENSE.
:
For the Monthly Magazine.
FURTHER DETAILS relative to the FAIR
QUAKER.
HE accounts published in your
Magazine relative to the fair
quaker, protected by the late king,
differing in some respects from that
which I have reeeived from my rela-
tives, who were her father’s neigh-
hours, I here give you their account.
St. James’s market, now puiled
down, and absorbed in the improved
state of the space between Pall Mall
and Piccadilly, at the end next the
Haymarket, consisted before its dila-
pidation of two parts,—a daily flesh
market, and an open obleng space, on
the cast side of the other, called the
country market, for poultry and other
country produce. Mr. Wheeler’s house
was the eastern corner-house, on the
south side of this open part, and abut-
ted upon Market-lane, a narrow lane,
which ran out of Pall Mall at the
baek of the Opera-liouse, the lower
Further Details relative to the Fair Quaker.
5iF
end of which, as far as where Wheeler’s
house stood, is now covered over, and
made into an arcade. I well remem-
ber tho shop; which, after the decease
of the old folks, was kept by their son
until the recent destruction. It was
a Jinen-draper’s, and, as the principal
part of the business lay with the coun-
try market people, the proprietors
were accustomed to. keep a cask of
cood ale,—a glass of which was always
offered to their customers.
At that time the ravages of the
small-pox, unchecked by inoculation,
left but few women who were not
marked by its destructive powers ; and
the possessors of a fair unsulied face
were followed by crowds of admirers.
Such was the case of the Misses Gun-
ning, who paraded the Mall in St.
James’s Park, guarded by a troop of
admirers with drawn. swords, to pre-
vent the populace from encroaching
on that then hallowed spot, sacred to
centility. The train of Miss W. as
she passed to and from the mecting in
Tlemming’s-row, St. Martin’s-lane,
Was as numerous.
Being before the American. war, the:
spirit of democracy had notintroduced
its levelling principles, and the royal
family, the nobility, and even the gen-
try, were beheld with a kind of awe,
which rendered the presence of troops
or constables unnecessary fer their
protection. The royal family pro-
ceeded to the theatres in chairs, pre-
ceded only by a few footmen, and
followed by about a dozen yeomen,
When they went to the Opera, they -
entered at the back-door in Market-
Jane, which was near the country-
market; and therefore, to avoid the
length of that nasrow passage, they
passed up St. Albans’-street, skirted
half the south of the market, and had
then only a few paces to go down the
lanc.. On these oceasions the linens
were taken out of the eastern window,
and Miss W. sat ina chair to see the
procession. 'The fame of hex beauty
attracted the notice of the Prince, and
there were not wanting those who were
ready to fan the flame, and promote
the connexion.
One M and his wife then lived
in Pall Mall; their house was the re-
sort of the gay world, and the master
and mistress were equally ready to
assist the designs of the gamester or
libertine, and to conceal the galantries
of a fashionable female, ‘To thisman,
familiarly known about the court by
the
518
the name of Jack M——, the taking
away of the fair Quaker was com-
mitted.
Having received his orders, he pro-
eceded to a watchmaker’s-shop, on the
east side of the country-market, which
commanded a good view of Whecler’s
house, in order to reconnoitre. Re-
peating his visits, under pretence of
repairing or regulating his watch, he
discovered that a female, named H. 7
frequently went to Wheeler’s, and was
well acquainted with the daughter;
and the skilful intriguer was not long
before he found that this woman was
precisely fitted for his purpose.
Mrs. H had formerly been a
servant at Whecler’s, since which she
had been in service at one Betts, a
glass-cutter in Cockspur-strect, a large
house facing Pall Mall, afterwards
occupied by Collet, who marricd his
widow, and, before the recent destruc-
tion, divided into two or three tene-
ments, one a toolmaker’s, another a
watchmaker’s. She had then been
lately discharged from Betts’. In-
stead of going into another service, be-
ing a handsome woman, one of the
apprentices, named EH , married
her, and she was almost immediately
afterwards laid hold of by Jack M. 1
and readily engaged in the procuring
of the fair Quaker for the young
Prince, which her previous familiarity
rendered easy. As the parents allow-
ed their daughter to go out with Mrs.
H , interviews were thus obtained
between the parties ; and, on the elope-
ment, it was found that her clothes
and trinkets had been clandestinely
removed. Old Mrs. Wheeler never
recovered from the shock, and it was
said she descended to the grave with
a broken heart.
A handsome reward was no doubt
given to Jack M. ; and, on the
arrival of the Queen, a relative was,
through his interest, appointed her
English teacher, and another has since
proceeded gradually to the bench of
bishops. Mrs. H—— was said to
have received 500/. for her share in
the business. Whatever might be the
sum, her husband was by means of it
enabled to go into partnership with a
fellow-apprentice, one S , who had
then just returned from the East In-
dies, whither he had been sent to one
Further Details relative to the Fair Quaker.
’
[July 1,
of the nabobs, along with some lustres,
to unpack and put them up, and had
thus accumulated a smali sum. The
one was a parish apprentice, the other
the son of a poor clergyman. They
opened, in opposition to their former
master, a shop the corner of Cockspur-
Street and Hedge-lane, afterwards
called Whitcomb-street, whieh has
also suffered dilapidation; but the shop
has re-appeared in splendor.
Such is the history of this elope-
ment, which I received from my mo-
ther and other relations, who had pecu-
liar means of knowing the facts; as
also from a_ fellow-apprentice of
H——’s, one Stock, who afterwards
kept the Lion and Lamb at Lewisham,
and whose wife (who afterwards mar-
ried a Mr. Peter White, of that vil-
lage,) had also been a fellow-servant
of H--—’s wife, while at Betts’.
It was generally reported that the
fair Quaker was kept at Lambeth, or
some other village on the south of the
Thames; a notion which probably
arose from its being most customary
for the Prince to ride out over West-
minster-bridge: but I have heard it
Said that she resided at Knightsbridge,
at a farm which supplied the royal
family with asses’ milk. The house,
being retired from the road, and less
than a nile from the palaces, was well
adapted for the purpose of private
visits.
It is scarccly worth while to notice,
that those who say the King saw her,
as he passed to and from the Parlia-
ment-house, can have no knowledge
of that part of London, and the situa-
tion of her father’s shop.
Was not Mrs. H——’s maiden
name Lightfoot? This might probably
be ascertained by the register of St.
Martin’s in the Fields. As the
Wheelers would naturally use that
name in relating the story, as being
that by which they could best desig-
nate her, has not some confusion
arisen between the two females con-
cerned in the elopement?
T. G. H.
** We shall be glad of the anecdotes
of Gsborne. We give ready insertion to
the above, but still rely on the communi-
cation from Warminster, which described
her as Wheeler’s niece, and the wife of
Axford.
MODERN
1322. ]
[ 519 -]
MODERN BIOGRAPHY.
Ee
THE NEAPOLITAN PATRIOTS.
HE kingdom of Naples must un-
doubtedly have excited, by its
continual political changes, some cu-
riosity among other nations. Never-
theless, it has been hitherto almost as
little known to them, as if separated
from the rest of Europe by extensive
seas or deserts. But would it not
prove useful to the unhappy Neapo-
litan people to be brought into greater
notice? We think it may. Naples has
never for many ages been free, nor yet
absolutely enslaved. Though in past
times the Neapolitans, whenever too
cruelly aggrieved in their persons, and
in their property, have mutinied, the
ignorance of the times only allowed
them to seek by force a temporary alle-
viation from oppression, and a change
of governors. Sometimes they went
even so far as to seek the re-establish-
ment of certain franchises, which,
according to the ideas of those times,
were considered as privileges rather
than as imprescriptible rights. 'These
franchises, in themselves of small im-
portance, were quickly again violated,
for want of any political liberty which
might have guaranteed their posses-
sion. ‘The people endured for a while,
then rose anew, and committed the
same political errors. Under the vice-
regal government, the Neapolitans
were unacquainted with any other cry
of liberty but this,—Perish the bad go-
vernment ; and conscientiously believed
that they remained faithful to the
prince, while they drove away his cor-
rupt ministers. This is shown by a
curious document in the Neapolitan
archives, entitled, “ Thirty-six revolu-
tions of the most faithful city of Naples.”
Now that the change of times has re-
vealed to every one the only true re-
medy against bad government, even
the Neapolitans have learned to ex-
claim, “ Live the Constitution.” Re-
bels! (answer the Holy Alliance,)
know ye not that this new species of
revolution is so much the more crimi-
nal, as its effects are of longer dura-
tion? It is already more than thirty
years that the Neapolitans have aspired
to, without being able to obtain, a free
government. And it seems that their
rapid transitions from dejection to
fury, and from lethargic submission to
the most unexpected and generous in-
dignation, leave Europe still in doubt
3
whether they do or do not as yet de-
serve the blessings of freedom, This
people, however, is ripe for liberty,
but it eannot by its single effort make
all Italy independant; and only from
the want of this independance, after
having destroyed domestic despotism,
it has sunk under a double and far
severcr yoke than before. The same
destiny threatens every othcr Italian
state which does not unite these two
inseparable objects.
The patriots, who for thirty years
have laboured to establish liberty in
Naples, are little known. These men,
not inferior to any set of patriots in
the wish to make their country by their
endeavours free, happy, and respect-
ed, have experienced the fate of all
who are unsuccessful. Sometimes
they have remained unnoticed; some-
times they have been spoken of merely
to be reviled; and sometimes, finding
themselves alike unfortunate and ca-
lumniated, they have become diflident
of their own powers, and have sunk
into discouragement and despair. All
things yield to fortune; not only the
opinion of others, but even the opinion
we entertain of ourselves. Yet these
meu had infinite difficulties to over-
come, and experienced nothing but
ill-fortune. We shall give a brief ac-
count of the life of those who, as publie
men, or as men of letters, are least
known, and most deserving of notice.
MATTEO GALDI.
Matteo Gatpi was president for
the first month of the parliament of
the two Sicilies, during the last reyo-
lution. He was born at Coperchia, a
village of the province of Salerno, the
8th of October, 1766, of respectable
but not wealthy parents. Having
completed his first studies, he adopted
the profession of an advocate, which,
in consequence of the immense farrago
of laws, of Roman, Norman, Ange-
vine, and vice-regal origin, with which
the kingdom was overwhelmed, has
always at Naples been of more im-
portance than it deserved, until the
period when the French system of
legislation was introduced there in
1809. Galdi by his tmcommon learn-
ing and severe probity gave lustre to
a career, which at Naples has too often
perverted the heart and contracted the
understanding. But the young Galdi
had
520
had too Inuch good, sensejand purity,of
character not.to become ay partizanwot
liberty, as seom as the, example ofthe
French revolutions, awoke. in, Kuxope
al first toutes les espcerances de la vertu;
All the efforts of the patriots in Naples
were then:confincd.to the. seeret -dis-
cussion of their political opinions; and
m putting up their prayers:to Heaven
for,.the . confirmation. of -liberty in
France, and its extension in some way
or. other over Haly.. But even this
was suflicicnt under a despotic govern-
ment, too long uncontroled, to expose
the most virtuous of men to imprison-
ment and death. When persecution
began the young Galdi, being little
known, succeeded in escaping from if,
and took refuge. im Franee in 1794.
Necessity. obliged , him, to. embrace sa
military life, then become. the uni-
versal profession of the French, But
be «lid not at all distinguish himself, in
thisicareer, which so little accorded
with; his leading inclination, viz. the
study, of philosophy, and the worship
of the muses. ‘Two years after he re-
turned to Haly, holding a commission
on the staff in the French army. He
then, quitted the military profession,
and was ¢eleeted professer of Public
Liaw in: Brera, Hardly had he ob-
tained Abis) distinction, when he was
appointed by the: Cisalpine Republic
envoy to Holland,:in: the year 179
Ile was; retained: on this political mis-
sion fox)ninel) years,in, Amsterdam,
Wheres he: destrvedswellof {he nation
by bis) Quadro) Politico, or political
picture of ils history,. Being high in
the cstimation of the Cisalpine Repub-
lic, andithen ofthe King of Italy, he
was invested with the order of the iron
SOM: 1 7
An. the year, 1809, soon ‘after, Murat
obtained the, crown, of Naples; Galdi
was xecalicd .to his,own country, was -
promoted to, the; highest, placesin tlre
alministration,, and; deeorated swith
the: order of} the, two. Sicilies,; Atifirst
he, was, appointed Intendant /of lie
province of, Molisi,, and in:the folhow-
wg year,wag translerned.in thesamd
capacity, to, Calabria-citra,’ * They ge-
vernmentyo£ Galdi yas} mild and, equis
table, Henevers lent himself, ii, any
dogten: ta, dhe cmany molanees which
‘
* The office of Intend wnt Pree in an
supreme administration of a province, and
answers - “entirely 40
Prancee.
tint of Prefect tn
. The Neapolitan Pairiois.
[July 4,
fur reasons’ of slate or from! wantonness
of power; disgraced thesxeign: of the —
two’ rench princess Batythough pre.
ferrcdoand caressed by theoabsobute
government; -his;-souk abborved)atvin
secect,./ Like;a few otlicr noblespabli¢
characters among his) countrymen: he
could notforzetthiat he begamshis) ea
reer-as a republican ; nor berconsoled
when he reflected, that so’ many’ prot
mising hopes ofuniversal freedorv tiad
only ended ia 2 detestable tyranny.
Lenec he longed to retire from the
troublesome and: often invidious duty
of an Intendant, tothe swéeter eecut
pations of literatures When avert ral
direction of public instructionowasin-
stituted in Naples; ‘Galdiavas: chosen
to. preside ‘over it; and:continued=tirce
years in. that situations: He improved
both the method and:substance of pub-
lic instruction -as far as was’ possible
under a first| minister who: interfered,
with. every thing; sands whodnh il his
attempts: considered ao moxe=thih
reabutility.® cow wegxes ythol
Phe restoration’ of: 1815 tookyiKice,
and the systein of public’ instruction;
in which lectures’ on ‘pablio law, is
wellasvnmany other subjects af ge.
neral interest; had ever been-wanting,
Was: then -allered for ‘the’ worse, and
became even: more seonfined Lani ithic
beral.. One-half of themptofessors’
chairs was dedicated too écelésiastieal
erudition, sand the other 'dialfs was
shared between law and physiespas it
the state required only @! generation: dt
physicians, lawyers; and: Sukésiaul "By
such exclusive studies! indeciletyouth
was to be:taught unlimited obedience,
or at least to he kept fat: fron the for:
biddea. knowledge sof publies*affaivs.
Galdi them found le must. giveup his
oflice toa courtier, more Galeulated* to
preside oyer the teaching -ofisweh arts.
Sometnnes he was still canted? asa
Inatter of complimenti” BER DIRS
“The cfevolution ‘of'1820" followed
Galdipin tliattimerof universal susp
cion; oreevived? asdouble | proof ot the
ibastrepdsedin him by his fetlow-citit ,
zess. havitig “beer chosen,’ iby nearly
an! mianhimity of:suflrages; daputyote
the Parliament for the! prowinee’ oFNat
plesjowhere: hey reside dandy supple-
meritary deputy’ for ther proviiee OF
Salérho; mowhich Jiewasborn} He
wasithe first to speak inthe srepara
tony: Junta oof Representatives, and
Sao hs) bese aeoe sir ge $e se
* Count Aueto. Woe
“tySevt be, Opiisuty@an's of the Gontea:
Was
1822.]
was elected by them president of the
Junta itself, and afterwards of the Par-
liament. But harrassed by the conti-
nual vicissitudes of our times, and
already sinking under ill-health, Galdi
behaved more like a philosopher than
a statesman. He wanted, especially,
that vigour of mind which was requi-
site for not being lulled into security
by the fallacious compliances, with
which the old absolute government
seemed to acquiesce in the new liberty
of Naples. The very first words of
the President breathed nothing but
peace and moderation. ‘The nation
of the two Sicilies (said he,) will can-
vince every other nation of the earth
that she knows how to be free. By
virtae and justice she will dissipate
those malignant clouds which seem to
ebscure the propitious star of liberty
now rising on our horizon.” Justice
and moderation were fully practised ;
bat of this favourable prediction no-
thing proyed to be prophetic but the
lofty expressions it was conveyed in.
At the first opening of the Parlia-
ment, held the Ist of October, 1820,
at Naples, in the magnificent church
of Spirito-Santo, amidst an immense
concourse of people, the President
Galdi received the oath then solemnly
renewed by King Ferdinand, to the
constitution of the state. Oh! how
august was that ceremony ; but, alas!
it was nothing but a ceremony! The
King was seated on the throne: the
President Galdi stood on his right side,
holding in his hand the Gospel; two
secretaries of the Parliament tendered
to the King the written form of the
constitutional oath. The King then
rose, and, placing his right hand on
the Gospel, repeated that oath, which
was applauded by all the spectators,
with loud cries of ‘ Long live the
King and Constitution.” An oath
heard by a whole nation, and by all
Europe; and which neither the Aus-
trian bayonets, nor military courts,
can easily efface from the memory of
the Neapolitans. The President Galdi
then addressed the King in a compli-
mentary discourse, as required by the
Constitution... This speech was de-
servedly taxed with pedantic redun-
dancy. It was derived too much ab
ovo. It began with “the eternal laws
by which Providence ordered and re-
gulates the system of the universe ;”
went on with “seas and lakes dried
up, and new continents arising from
the bosom of the waves :” then followed
Montury Mac. No. 369.
Account of Matteo Galdi, the Neapolitan Patriot.
521
“mountains lowered, and generations
swept away and renewed, over the
face of the globe;” and many other
cosmological truisms, a little out of
place. Nor were forgotten “the sen-
sibility of man, his sociability, the fa-
mily, the city, and the state.” He
then added, “that from the end of the
last century, affairs in Europe had
come to such a point, that it became
necessary to recompose the compacts
of society.” And finally, ‘‘that the
constitution of the Cortez is the fruit
of long experience, and of whatever
had been best taught by politicians for
seventy years.” ‘The Holy Alliance,
however, was, and will ever be, of a
different opinion: so much learning
was given to the winds, or rather only
served to make princely impatience
sooner weary of parliamentary speeches
and acts. But what was indeed shock-
ing was the declaration of the Presi-
dent Galdi, ‘that it was impossible to
add or take away a single corner-
stone of the Constitution, without
spoiling or even destroying the whole.”
The Constitution of the Cortez had
been granted to the nation, excepting
such modifications as its representa-
tives should resolve upon and decree,
in order to adapt it to the kingdom of
the two Sicilies. Such had been the
apparent motive of these reforms; but
that fair pretence covered a deter-
mined design of increasing as much as
possible the power of the crown, by.
means of a timid or servile Parliament.
Now at these words of the President
Galdi, every sanguine hope
SSeS ee oO
Cheat the deluded people with a show
Of hberty,*
began to fail, and was soon completely
counteracted by the patriotism of the
Parliament. Foreigners ought to judge
with indulgence of this speech of the
President Galdi; which, besides being
the first of the kind at Naples, pro-
ceeded from a man already enfeebled
in mind, and too learned to-speak on
that dazzling ceremony with the so-
briety of a statesman. He could not
even keep himself to general terms, as‘
he was bound to de. The King hav-
ing recommended “that nothing should
be altered in the public administra-
tion, dr in the system of judicature,
and that no religion but the Roman
Catholic should be tolerated in the
kingdom ;” the President Galdi hurried
* Venice Preserved,
3U to
522
to reply, ‘‘that,the representatives, of
the, people were firmly convinced, that
many, reforms, required by experience,
if, performed with mature deliberation,
would prove yeryiuseful to the state ;
and that)thesprinces and) people, of the
two Sicilics dhad sever. professed: religi-
ousomoderation so far as not to disturb
the peace.of (any, one.”’ ‘Thus, hinting
the. intention.of:the parliamentary. ma-
jority to attempt that, religious tolera-
tion at Naples, without which it is very
questionable ,whether a Catholic state
can become, orlong continue, free.
. The parliamentary career of Galdi
was not distinguished either by saga-
city.in discerning the very perilous
situation of the two: Sicilies, become
free, or by boldness,of counsel in at-
tempting to extricate them, if not with
perfect, success, at least with greater
honour. His conduct, like’ that of the
Majority of the: Parliament, consisted
in; pertinaciously sticking to the con-
stitutional right, Jet-what would.be the
daily increasing difficulties of the state,
or in transgressing it only from a feel-
ing of indulgence for power. Galdi
Kittle, believed, the war of aggression
against Naples, alleging the very
aflirmation,.of. the ministry, ‘‘ that
firmness and moderation on the part
of the. Parliament would overcome
every diplomatic difficulty.” He trust-
edalso that the force of liberal opinions
in Europe should add some weight to
justice, if justice ‘alone should not
prove sufficient, . Yet, this man, now
so, credulous, had .grown old amidst
‘the artifices; and outrages of politics.
Qne, principal cause, however, of the
ruin impending over, the free govern-
ment of ‘Naples did. not, escape him ;
namely, the criminal, jealousy, enter-
tained by! Carrascosa,against William
Pepe, which was, the,seeret spring of
his, whole conduct,, both,as a minister
and, as;a,general.,,Galdi ,was, often
heard to ,exclaim, {in the. secret icom-
mittees ofthe Parliament,‘ the-very
powers of this man, for. which we|most
trust. him,,; will), turn,|; against, our
country.” og otis
, Galdi had, been long employed, both
at home and abroad under the Freneh
government; hence. he-had contracted
that esprit de corps, which is so. natural
to, men united in the same interests,
and so conspicuous in that compact
body of public functionaries, first
started up in the French republic, and
then increased to a swarming number
by Bonaparte, in support of his power.
Account of Matteo Galdi,the Neapolitan Patriot. {July.4,
Galdi, looked )upom alki;the )sineeure
oftices-leftsby,the French asnecessary,
and upon all,the menwho filled them
as patriots, because’ they had; heemthe
companionsy ofhis:politieal career.
‘This: blind predilection for pono
of power was eallediby the people iat
‘Naples, ¢fthemalady of funetionanies.”
Galdi« obstinately,.opposeds anyo1é-
trenchmentin :the public: offices); al-
though imperiously, demanded bethiby
the embarrassment of the finances,and
still: more: by the nature yof) aofreengo-
vernment;,and; omevery oecasions die
judged, with: an impolitic, mildness-the
faults of the aministry.9»Whéiuthe
executive government; failed: in«the
attempt to overthrow, the, constitution
by the message.of the: 7th, December,
1820, by which a vague and :“condi-
tional” promise wassubstituted for the
acknowledged law of the istate, |The
king was left to depart)the kingdom,
and the representatives of| theopeople
were forbidden, any, longerito: delibe-
rate; the ministers fell, and itwas:pxo-
posed to impeach them \in: parliament.
Two of them, most guilty-accordingyto
law, Count Zurlo of the home |depart-
ment, and the Duke of Campochiaro
for foreign. affairs; were, > called :to
the bar to answer for that treasonable
coup de main. Galdi,though the secret
enemy of Count: Zurlo, then defended
him. From the tribune,addressing his
discourse to the young men in the gal-
leries, who, from their virtuous want of
corrupting experience, could hardly
suppress their indignation: at) seeing
those illustrious, criminals acquitted,
he said. to them, ‘‘‘Let him, whos fééls
his,.conscience free from any: faultac-
cuse the fallen ministers with severity.”
This new proof of the: amiable philoso-
phic. character,of; Galdi, shews, at the
same time, 'that:he little understeod or
remembered how. necessary.it»is, for
establishing liberty where: power. has
long; been unrestrained, to set a high
example of legal! severity upon | the
powerful.,; That.desperate attempt at
a counter-revolution, having, cemained
unpunished; brought, the parliament.
into.contempt with the! court... The
friends, of the public cause were dis-
couraged, )the domestic enemies: be-
came, more} daring,| and succeeded, at
last, by secret negligenees or open acts,
in overturning the-constitution;though
it, was by. delivering up) the/state to a
foreign enemy. ,; Galdi did not oppose
the king’s departure.. The majority of
the parliament, most of the publie
men,
1822.]
men; and of the best patriots} were de-
ceived like himself. ‘The people‘alone,
who, by the very sn esti cof their
notions, are often’ better judges'in par-
ticular casesothat’ many’ ‘statesmen,
the people were not deceived as to the
effects) of the (King's‘departure, Al-
though‘ the’ message’ of) ‘the 7th: of
December imported both the abolition
of the existing constitution; andthe in-
ténded departure of the king, the first
‘popular’ criés* ‘ih the “vestibule ‘of ‘the
parlianient' were; Let not'the king
depart!?%as if they) foresaw’ that so
‘great: a blunder im’ political’ conduct
avould) pYove. far more irremediable
dhan'any-attempt' against the consti-
‘tutions: "However, ‘the English and
Frénch flects* anchored: in the bay of
Naples ; four or:five'thousand soldicrs
of! the guard; ready’ to: fall: upon ‘the
people, land, above all, the firm deter-
Mination of the king’ himself, leave it
stil doubtful whether it’ would have
been possible; or useful, to:prevent his
departure. »' sr
‘s When finally, after many fallacious
expectations’ entertained by the good
Neapolitans from justice, the right of
nations, ‘and similar principles, child-
ish, ‘whenever unsupported by power,
the: congress at Laybach (self-consti-
tuted judges in this cause,) sentenced
ithat> the free government should be
4mmediately*put'duwn at Naples, wil-
lingly'orby force); and that, even if the
‘nation consented to her own infamy,
filty thousand “foreign; troops should
‘e1iter the kingdom to’ secure the dura-
tion of absolute power. Then, indeed,
alb' awoke ‘from their long credulity,
sonié designed to betray their country,
‘and many became’ panic-strack,
» But) Galdij* though ~he) had ‘now
scarcely any farther hope in'the’safety
of the state, was not intimidated. “Yet
his. courage still) was, as it had ever
béen) that? of a philosopher, rather
‘thanof?a ‘statesman. ‘He ‘attempted
not toseck inthe boldness of iparlia-
mentary counsels any safety to the na-
‘tion froni its imapending ruin, but) he
iscemed sto résign himself to’ fortune.
Already sinking under the fatal effects
of a dropsys° he did not find ‘in ‘his
breast a daringinessvequal to sogreat’a
| publics danger bathe felt 4he ‘eon-
fidence ofophilosophys which the had
Jever' practised > Seeing the king in
othe Hands of thecenemy) a: powerfal
Austrian‘ariiry advanciog towards thie
frontier, theperplexities of the Regent,
and ‘he little trust that smany, who
Account of Matteo Galdi, the Neapolitan Patriot.
523
‘were’ to manage the defence of the na-
tion, deserved, Galdi exclaimed to his
friends: “* I ‘shall not long’ still be the
sport of tyranny.” And he now better
foretold’ his own'death, than hehad
before thesafety of his country.
After the engagement ‘of Rieti, and
the disbandment of the 1st corps ‘com-
mandéd’by William’ Pepe ‘in! the
Abbruzzi; all the old abettors' ‘of! des-
potism,; and the’ false ‘friends ‘to li-
berty, hastened to ruin every thing in
afew days,’ to render’vain the many
means of defence which yet remained
ito the nation, and to strive for the ‘re-
establishment of that absolute power,
from: which some expected a reward,
and others a ‘pardon. Treasonable
expectations, however, were now, ’in
mhany cases; disappointed, as they have
often been inall times. But’ Galdi
remained honourably firm to his duty
as’ a representative and ‘as a ‘citizen.
Every artifice was practised toyhave
the parliament dissolved, that it might
not retire into Calabria or into ‘Sicily,
as had been already resolved upon.
In the continual secret committees,
one of ‘the deputies, possessed of the
most influence, treated the public
cause as desperate, advised every one
to retire ; and, when out of ‘doors, en-
deavoured, aside, to alarm one aftet
the other, by the most insidious exag-
gerations. Much less would have been
sufficient, under such circumstances,
to have dispersed most of those men,
of upright intentions indeed, but little
experienced in, or accustomed to, po-
litical storms, : From the’ 10th of
March, 1821, they diminished’ day by
day, till at length the corps ‘of Car-
rascosa” being also disbanded, only
twenty-four deputies remained assem-
bled in parliament at Naples, with a
noble’ constancy, but useless” to their
country. Galdi was “among” them.
At the very moment whenmany, recol-
leeting “the legal. massacres which
‘elosely followed the Néapolitan’ re-
public twenty-three years’ ago, would
ihave ‘ardently wished” to “have: their
names, if possible, obliteratéd’ from
every political act, “Galdi, bemg con-
‘fined to his hotise*by infirmities, sent
brépeated? Messages to the ‘parliament,
during the last day of its political exis-
1énce, ‘to havé his’ name mentioned in
tha verbalproééssy as present-at the in-
{ended solemir protest. This protest,
whieh; in our day, is perhaps the most
instriietive Monument of a high politi-
cal injustice, and of unavailing virtue
¥
524
was made before; Godand).men, , the
morning of the 14th ofiMarelj!1821,
while..the .engmywasdefiling im the
streets of Naples. The nanieofGaldi
Was written witli those 6ftheitwenty-_
four deputies, wlio ‘signed it!’ “If ‘this’
dangerous honour ‘had’ been denied
him, ‘he’ declared he would be carried
dying into the parliament.,, Galdisur-
vived but a short, time the misfortune
of his country: patriotic grief, even
more than his, bodily. infirmities, .de-
prived him. of life;some months ago,
He was a man of mild manners, an
excellent husband and father, and a
good citizen. He spent’ the hours of
his domestic life-in the education of
his two daughters, whom the study of
literature did not rob of the dearer
graces of their sex. Galdi was a man
of great learning, of a good under-
standing, but possessed of an indifler-
ent taste in speaking and. writing.
He was amemberof all the academies
at Naples, and of some other literary
societies in Upper Italy and Holland,
He composed many works, which ‘the
ORIGINAL POETRY.
—
THE SHEPHERD.
[HE Shepherd was born in.an ivy cot
Where tlie woods and the winds are plaving,
And the sheep, with theewbite little lambs they
_., have got, er
Over the meadows for pastare are straying.
His mother she died, and his father was put
Inthe grave by her'side on the morrow ;
The Shepherd grew up, andhe bnilt hima hut,
at his spirits were season’d with sorrow.
pe ares his oes 3 —— hilt,
ud hi was his only attendant,
Till if men “ fair damsel who lived ‘at the mill,
And then he becante her dependant.
She left him, and went to the city far,—
He songht, but he never could find her;
Like the mnystical track of a fugitive star,
No traces she left behind her. -
He loved and he pined asa drooping stemy § ©
That has felt the electric fluid; -
He tended his flock, but he wander’d like them,
* And led but the Ife of a Druid.
Years told him decay was. fast creeping on,
And he sank on a green-vrass pillow ;
He pray’d for his love tilLhis breuth was gone,—
His shade were the hagel and willow. : «
The peaskotey wrapp'd him am shrond:and in sheet,
Yn his coffin tliey tenderly sid NIMs: 0% saps wh
They'strew’d on his bosom their pase, £0 sweet,
‘And fiinefal tributes were puid hime) 28
There are tears for the brave in battle slain, 1 a
For the tars who in sea-fights perish ; -
But we Jean aver jovesgrayes
Aud grieve for the Virtues w
Uslingtons 5:9)
nt urilo a
i BEAUTY’s: VALUEL'
Original Rocky: sh
AMDT HANG Like spellaiotnid witht iw herniit’s tel
igor isla prgoRre |v 1 list’didg heard no tolling kuelb; ©
t bus eelbind od! Butpwhilethe:sleeping: winds were still,
te ebeo! In Quantock’s woods, on: high|Ham-hill; «
[July-t,:
limitsjof this, artiele willionly: alloweus
to enumeratésso 1. ;Onuthe necessity
of establishinga. Repablieim Italy, a!
juvenile work, but’ falf “of ‘originality ;)
published at’ Milan; 1796, and trans-
lated into Frenchs 2: Reflections on
the Helvéti¢ Constitution.’ 3. «
of the’ Italian Stage. °4, Econo
Relations among Free States, trans-
Political
‘Rip ets of
lated into French,.,,7,:‘Th
Public Justruction.,... Three, »
a
YS)
upon economical subjects, andjene on
a) new. geographical) division sof; the’.
two Sicilies. He composedi also se-
veral poetical:tracts in: different styles,
inserted . in; the, Jiterxary,, journals sof;
Italy, but little. esteemed. || Some alta 3
Essays by,Galdi, ion economical anc!
legislative subjects, are not,yeét pub-
lished. Such was this distinguished’
Neapolitan. duo?
ls waa 9H
til ob snO
i ‘fietra tyes C od bah
{ bus nis) YO
isootogs ah
A fleeting good, a gloss, a glass’ alfl wes,
Lost, faded, trakek; Hex shia ts ir;
As goods when lost are wond’rous Seldom
found, a | oon iui th $3 ;
As faded gloss no rubbing ca é&xtité, ” *
As flowers when dead are trampled ‘on the
ground, (uleiisy Lo a8 AA , ,, ’
As broken glass no cement can hiite ane
So beauty, blemish’d once, is ever lost,
In spite of plijsic, paiifinp” paths dud ost
yqqase ork
0 toed Bae OWE? (od aye?
4 ‘ 1G SONNET. sa Hoeven 110%
[The following
lines, written, by, a: liermit
__on hearing the bells of South Petherton,
Somerset, in the evening of Shrove Tues-
day, 1822, have some reference to those
of Dr. Booker, in the Monthly Maga-
zine, for December 1821, on the “ Bella
of Meriden.”}, ©
» Duleesest natale solium.-
:
») WHA? tuneful sounds are those I hear;
On this:fine.eve} how\soft and clear!
\\Unlikesthe desert’s'\dolefal queen; 29)
Unlike the scteech-owl’s boding' scream); \
Butifleating thro’ the\peaceful zonez (sss
y are the bells of Petherton,
a }
Beauty is bat'a vaiwand fleeting wood)" | Theelockiswuck six;and therenpom i »
A shining»gloss that fadeth suddenly,”
A flower that dies when almostinthe bud;
A brittle glass flat breaketh presently i
i Rangjthe sweet bells,of Pethertons|\...5 |).
Ye, who for pleasure idly roam,
And wish to findya hut, ahome,
When
1822i}.
When shuts serene: this Shrove-tide: day sul
hither,repair, and; welcom’d,'stay'i9 ©!
te hear in vale} wheré herinit: dwells. » ik
»melody,of Petherton, bellss yw 91) inh:
Hermit’s-hut, Seeth diathertew. | boseildua
geen NICK’s PRC PROMENADE,
(The te celebrated but unfortunate Pro-
nd Porson’ being once solicited in,
ate i give some jocular ‘proof of
eae. ies, complied by producing the
fon owing ' Tines,]
Fi i ne brimstone hed, areas day,
king the Deyil i is gone,
Be his smug little farm of ‘the earth,
“And see how his stock ‘goes on. :
And over the hill and 6ver the dale ~
_ “He walked, and over ‘the plain;
And backwards and’ forwards he. ewitel’d
4 ohis long tail;
As ai gentleniaii) switches his cane.
And pray how was the’ Devil drest,
Oh" he wasin his Sunday best.
artic was ired and his breeches were
«blue
Withis ohaie phind rebave his fail came
. through.
He saw a lawyer killing a viper,
On a dunghill beside. his own stable,
And the Devil smil’d, for it put hinrinmind
Of Cain and his brother Abel. |
An apothecary, on a white horse,
ode by, on. his avocations:
& hfe Re devyil,) there is my old
Peat hi in the Revelations.”
He ena A, cottage with a double coach-
op alias gentility ! !
And hg pe was pleas’d, for his darling
Is tlie p ae that: apes humility.
He stepp ra into a rich bookseller’s shop,
Says he, ‘“ We i both of one college,
Forl myself sat, like a cormorant, once,
pornatich on the tree of knowledge. i?
eens No; EX:
etl fi
ys) _Hesawa tunis
§25
Av'he pass'd ‘thio’ Coldbath-fields he saw”
(A’solitarysééllto cis!
Anil the Deval was charm'd, for it igave im
is Dai hints: a od'h 19
“Fori impreying the, prisons of. hella»
,in-a trice iseqob aso!
esome. jade;
quoth, he,) do, the fingers
stake
Fetter a.tro
“Ah! nimble, ae
i ~move
Whenever they: dre.uis’d to ‘théir trade,”
He ‘saw ‘the same lait untetter the
same; |”
But with little expabitsoaiil Bil
And the Devil thought of the long’ debater
Ow the slave-trade abolition, ;
Dowm the river did, glide, with wind a
with, tide, ,
A pig with vast celerity!
And the Devil grinu’d, for he saw all the
while
How it cut its own throat, and he. thought,
: with a smile,
Of England’s commercial prosperity.
He saw a certain minister
¢A minister to his mind,) ©
Go up into.a certain house,
With'a majority: behind;
The Devil quoted Genesis, _
Like a very learned clerk,
How ‘“‘ Noah and his creeping things
Went up into the ark.”
General Gascoigne’s* burning face
He saw with consternation, —~
And back to hell his way did: take ;
For the Devil thought, by a slight mistake,
’Twas the general conilagration.
—_— :
ON ONE WHO, DIED. THE DAY AFTER HIs
WIFE.
Sur first departed; he for.one day try’d
To live without lier ; lik’d it not; and ‘yd.
* This gentleman had been very face-
tious whilst soliciting some proof af tire
Professor’s ectioal talents. 3
STEPHEN SIANA. |
No. IX. ai 10d
ah
ia tyveod
The late ALEXANDER STEPHENS, Esq. of Park House, Chelsea, devoted an active wi
well-spent life.in the collection of Anecdotes of his contemporaries, and, generally entered i in @
book the collections of the passing day ;—these collections we have purchased, und propose to
present 4 selection from them to our readers.)\ As Editor of the: Annual Obituary, and many ©
other biographical works, the Author may probably have incorporated many vf. these. scraps ;
but the greater part are unpublished, and :all-stand alone as enlanet cacnoste wh men and
manners, wort hy of ayplace 1 @ oes miscellany,
mohishiott. ix
(CHARLES \CALLAS WESTERN:
HIS gentlemati is descended from
a family of Massachusetts gover- |
nors, and ‘the’ following vaneedote' is
recorded of his infaney.’ His father
and mother were taking’ a jourhoy in a
pheton, himself, an infant; being: in
Ais mother’s lap ; they stopped to
1
——
_ bait the horses at the ‘Aout ue an vat:
when the hostler imprudently:took. off
the bridles, and the-horses, feeling their
heads at liberty; set off ‘full gallop.
_ The danger to; all-was imminent ; but
Mrs. ‘W.) with a happy presence of
mind, threw the child into a thick
hedge which they passed close, by
which
526
which he escaped “injury! Hato the
pheton was broken te pias)! thé Tas
theromortally wounded, and the ‘ino-
ther much meio °° Mr. Wy hals since
becothe\ ar-ornament of ‘the Housé of
Commons, and hasproved himself an
able economist'and public’ writer.”
‘0 DANCING | $NAKES OP INDIA. | °!!!"!
In every country there’exists a elas¢
of mem who found their means of
existence! upon the ‘credulity ‘and ‘cn-
riosity of others;’but in rio part’of the
world is: this’ class’ so’ numerous as ‘in
India. Scarcely has °a’ stranger dis-
embarked on that shore, when‘a ¢rowd
of jugglers, | dancers, © leaperts, ‘and
others, surround him, and solicit’ the
honour of contributing to his amuse-
ment, for the: trifling ‘consideration of
a fanon, or about six-pence.
, Amongst this crowd of people, who
live by their wits, those who astonish,
and at the ‘same’ time ‘terrify, ‘the
European the most, ‘are the men who
make the stiakes dance; and this asto-
nishment and terror is more incréased,
upon learning that the snake which
serves for this spectacle is the second
on the list of those which are the most
venomous: the bite of it is followed
by certain death, after an interval of
generally not more than fifteen or se-
venteen minutes. On the Coromandel
coast this sort-of snake is very abun-
dant, and there, as well'as throughout
India, is ¢alled’' a cobra capello, or
hooded ‘snake’ its ordinary length is
from three’ to: four feet, and the pre-
vailing colout of these reptilesis yellow,
spotted with black ; its form resembles
that‘of ‘other oriental snakes, with the
exception of a pouch, which runs from
the ‘back: of ‘the “head ‘two or three
inches down the back. This» pocket
is but little visible’ when the reptile
ereeps; or is ina state of tranquillity ;
but,-as. soonias its’ moved by anger
or by: pleasure} this beconies inflated)
and stretches on leach side the head
of the animal?’ it then ‘presents:a flat
sSarface, on which“a' pair “of black
spectacles are stretched upon adirty
yellow ground’ The*head of the -crea-
ture appears to issue horizontally from
the upper part of this) fbuch/2o'Phe
quality which'distmgtishés tthis snake
from allthe other speciéspistits exées-
sive’ fondness formusic Sand his past
sion, if sucha termimay le used) as
strong? in it tian even in the white
snake: this is so incontestable, ‘that
when ‘the place ‘of! ‘his retreat’ Gs
known, he is invariably caught by
Stephensiana,;’Now EX.
[July 1,
these means: The Indians, who gain
a’ livélihood’ by ‘exhibititic; are ‘also
thosé'who take, them ;and,'as the me-
thod “which! 'théy ‘employ for doing» it
is not gonérally known, the’ following
scene, which? took place at’ théshouse
of the ‘govertior of Pondicherry, may
be considered as interesting: “Diwing
dinner A servant came! to. inform ‘the
fanrily, that ‘a hirge vobra capelio had
been seenéntering! the ee Har # orders
were given that snakevcatcherishould
be sent for, and’every onerepdired to
the cellar 'when'*he artivedvou\fter
having examinéd ‘the place; tose eer!
tain where the’ reptile was ‘conceal
the Malabar squatted ‘down cpon his
heels, and began to“play pon an in- ©
strument, ‘whicli‘in shape’ resémbled
a flagcolct, but had’ something of the
sharp sound ofa’ bagpipe: “Sdarvely
had a minute elapsed when ‘a cobra
capello, about “three feetoan Yength;
crept from under a mat} and placed
himself at’ a short distance from "the
man, raising and ‘giving a sort ‘oftvit
bratory motion to the wpperopartoot
his body, ‘and ‘extending his pouchp4
an evident sign of the pleasure which
the animal felt. 19129 euld Jode
When all present! had sufficiently
witnessed this proceeding; @ sign Was
made to the Malahar, who, seizing: the
animal by the éendof the tail, took him
up with rapidity, and place@hin dman
empty basket. “Before admitting chim
into the troop of dancers,for! one lof
them, he, as well as' mostofthe cobra
capellos that are taken, was destined
to become,—it' was necessary! to de
prive him of the means of being amis-
chievous: ‘Todo this, he wasoplacedsat
liberty upon the ground,’ he was then
provoked ‘by being struck with piece
of red cloth, fastened at the* end of :a
stick; until at lasthe sprang furiously
upon the ¢loth, which was then'shaken
with so ‘much vidlence that. his ‘teeth
were? at) length pulled ‘out. He owas
then taken’ again’ ‘by othe! tail) cand
placed in the basket.1>
The basketsin which the snakes are
kept, and of) which ‘the: Indians) géne-
rallyi carry six) are’ flat’ andrround);
and fastened like oscalés vat .eaelp send
éfapieedcof barhbooywhieht restsnpon
theoshouldérs) of the: bedarero(dWhen
the. erson “who! keeps the roptiles'ex~
hibits them in 'publicsshev commences
isl J2zoneoin
by ranking the'baskets beforediim/inia
semicirele, andsmakes the snakescome
out in'succession)'! Atthe sound of the
instrument the animal becomes creet,
resting
1822.]
resting! with about, one-third, ,of, his
body upon the ground, lis, pouch: is
extended, and he keeps up,a balancing,
motion, the original inpulse ito, which
was, given. by. the knee, of, the person
who ‘plays; the» iusitument; |, Before,
concluding the, exhibition; it,is gusto-
mary (to make,the, snake, caress, this
instrument, whieh.is done by keeping
up: the sound,,and advaneing the pipe
towards the! animal, who on, his side
résts:his head upon a-calabash, through
ithis pipe is passed, After this
eeremony, the snakes, are. put into
their sbaskots,, and) carried »away. A
hard-boiled - egg sis, the, Lsdlainieesicig
wicks theyrdaily receive. »
a8 /oLATIN: AND) GREEK.)
paDhease fanguages are now become
lished, and, perhaps} useless ; . yet,
while.they constitute. part/ef, the edu-
eation of gentlemen, it is. infamous not
to know them. At.the same time, by
a whimsical feeling of mankind, it is
thought. pedantic) and ungentlemanly
to-use them.in any .well-bred. society.
Seyen;orscight years is therefore em-
ployeddn the education jof our youth
to Saye,appearances., Time will, cor-
rect this error.
vitnorsnive | SHERIDAN,
ee Phisiwas at,once the most eloquent,
most ingenious; and most idle man of
hisitime: |I.employed him to present
the:petition of the Grand Jury against
Anis;andicould not, get him out of bed
till half; past» four, on, the, afternoon
when it|'stood for discussion, and he
thenesat -for half; an hour with wet
towels tied round his, head, to. relieve
himself froma. head-ache, occasioned
by the, saps hight’s, debauch.
ii2 [EMPLOYMENT eso0 ©)
The eniployencis of the lower BlAasee
is to jsatisfy| their hunger, and, ofthe
upper classes, to \discoyer medicines
and:consnlt doctors for the purpose of
érealing! huiigers Many a-rich man
wonld igive:/half-his; estate, to feel.as
voraciously hungry as» some, of his
meanest labourersss fee oy! banlq
1) eo AsGEORGE) THE ROURML! oy; 6 a
oBhelongest personal favourite; w’
the;new King has: ever kept, » is) “
Pacaver, his dresser and, chief-yalet,
Hevis a: Frenchman of; the. old school,
enjoys the unbounded confidence
of-his royal master, { He is his caterer
of small news, and) of the chit-chat, out
of; doors, and) within the; purlicus of
the palace. .At-the same, time. it, is
just to add, that he; has never been
charged with abusing a station, which
Stephensiana, No. TX.
527
in‘eourts has often been dhe means of
promoting, dangerous.intrigues.::
The; next “domestic favourite: is
Wilmet,, the chief cook,.also: a-Fxench¥
man, but familiarly, called. Jach Ham-
mond(why, Lkuowmot); but, imaduxa-
rious eourty aichief nookisia man who
must be: as; often: consulted asia mi-
nister,of;states+:>s,\} yiinuoo yieve ol
Another -reyal favourite,: and per=
haps more harmless,,is; Nap: the poodle
dog, who was, taken ‘with ‘Napol¢en’s:
carriage, and was for many years the
intelligent, travelling . companion: of
that.great man... Napnow.travels with
his old. master’s more fortunate. rival,
to whom he is not Jess faithful, and
whom he amuses by his. numerous
tricks . and, uncommon: sagacity. It
might have-been hoped that the liberal
treatment of the dog, would have béen
extended to his illustrious master, who,
by well-authentieated accounts,is not
only chained to a rock, but, like. Pro-+
metheus, is constantly tortured aes a
vulture.
THE WEST-INDIA ISLANDS: ff
These islands are ceasing to be de=
sirable British colonies, excepti:for
purposes of) ministerial; patronage:
Canada may supply them with lumber;
but it cannot consume an equal amount
of their produce.) This, too, willin
time be superseded by, East-Endia pro-
duce under an’ open trade ;) for, if we
send our manufactures; -and; destroy
the Hindoo manufactures, we,.must
take their sugars,andother West-India
produee. ..'\ The. West-India,, islands
seem likely, therefore,) either | to) be-
come independant, or: to- be; incorpo-
rated with some, of the) continental
American winless) whieh least, bseertar
with them. wod ¢
» THE BOURBONS«:| HiT tutl ¢
“When, 1 was at, Paris; F reemt woth
Mr, Serjeant, B.; (now ajudge,) 4o see
the: Bourbon, family return from ehapel,
and:he, was, thejonly person who cheer-
ed) them.) - - We ,> were; walking; away,
and|I was rallying thelworthy Serjeant
atthe, cireumstance; whem a-couple of
Brenchmen | passed} us |. quiekly, and
Joaded | us,,and. (our-nation. hae the
Sten eaieete: to d18q, t9qGque-3i!
visne eid FRENCH) MANNERS. a Wien;
“The -French| are. an; elegant peo-
ple, Apat | are guilty, of. little ‘inde-
licagies: they. pick their: teeth with a
fork,—No fruit, ,shops)in Patis, but
fruit e¢llars-Pine-apples far inferior
to ours; even\the grapes of Fontain-
bleau are inferior to those of our hot-
houses !
528.
houses! Grange’s and Owen’s, in
Piccadilly and Bond Street, have a
finer display than any I have met with
at Paris.—At breakfast they affect
this hobby-horse:—It is common to
have a cup of coffee, without cither
milk or sugar, before they get up.
Coffee always after dinner.—Religion
almost confined to the ancienne noblesse.
—Every woman of rank or fashion in
France has her right to receive com-
pany. The party naturally divides
into two: the old ones play cards ; the
young ones dance and romp under the
inspection of each married woman.
BELLS.
The Venetians pretend that they
introduced bells at Constantinople, in
the ninth century ; but the oldest men-
tion we can find in the Byzantine wri-
ters, is of the year 1040.
Queve.—When was the surrender of
Jerusalem? for it appears that the
conquerors imposed it as an article on
the Christians, “ that they should not
ring, but only ¢oll their bells.”—See
Mod. Univ. Hist.i, 429.
DUELLING.
There is scarcely any subject on
which more discordant opinions are
entertained than on that of duelling ;
and, whilst one party condemn it asa
flagrant violation of all the laws both
of God and man, others are contented
to represent it as a necessary evil.
Without, however, discussing at pre-
sent the expediency of the practice, it
appears that if an appeal must, in any
case, be made to arms, the great ob-
ject should be to place the champions
on an equal footing, and prevent, as
far as possible, the better cause from
yielding to the more skilful combatant.
Tn one single solitary instance has this
been attained.. On the borders of
Austria and Turkey, where a private
pique, or private quarrel of a single
. Individual, might occasion the massacre
of a family or village, the desolation of
a province, and perhaps eyen the more
extended horrors of a national. war,
whensoeyer. any serious dispute arises
between two subjects of the different
empires, recourse is had. to terminate
it to what is called “the eustom.of the
frontier.” A spacious plain or field is
selected, whither, cn an appointed
day, judges of the respective nations
repair, accompanied by all those whom
curiositygor interest. may assemble.
The combatants are not restricted
in the choice or number of their arms,
or in their method of fighting, but each
Stephensiana, No. 1X.
is at liberty to employ whatsoever he
conceives is most advantageous to him-
self, and avail himself of every artifice
to ensure his own safety, and destroy
the life of his antagonist. One of the
last times that this method of deciding
a quarrel on the frontiers was resorted
to, the circumstances were sufficiently
curious, and the recital of them may
serve to illustrate what is mentioned
above.
The phiegmatic German, armed with
the most desperate weapon in the
world—a rifled pistel_ mounted on a
carbine stock, placed himself in. the
middle of the field; and, conscious
that he would infallibly destroy his
enemy, if he could once get him within
shot, began coolly to smoke his pipe.
The Turk, on the contrary, with a
pistol on one side and a pistol on the
other, and two more in his bolsters,
and two more in his breast, and a
carbine at his back, and a sabre by
his side, and a dagger in his belt, ad-
vanced like a moying magazine, and,
galloping round his. adversary,..kept
incessantly firing at him. The. Ger-
man, conscious that little or no danger
was to be apprehended from such a
marksman with such weapons, delibe-
rately continued to smoke, his. pipe.
The Turk, at length perceiving aysort
of little explosion, as if his antagonist’s
pistol had. missed fire, advaneed like
lightning to cut him down, and almost
immediately was shot dead. Thewily
German had put some gunpowder into
his pipe, the light of which his.enemy
mistook, as the other had foreseen
would be the case, for a flash in, the
pan; and, no longer fearing the superior
skill and supcrior arms of his adversary,
fell a victim to them both, when se-
conded by artifice. ;
THE AMAZONS.
The attention of the learned, has
been for a long. time fixed upon the
existence, of the Amazons; and the
following, result,. deduced from | the
profound researches and extended in-
vestigations to which the subject has
given rise, appears interesting and
probable, and accords with the gene-
ral tenor of history, An army of
Sauromates having traversed Caucasus
and Colchis, penetrated into the lesser
Asia, and established’ themselves on
the banks of the river Thermodon;
content with finding a plain which re-
called to their minds. the recollection
of their country, and. feeling, as the
Greeks under Xenophon antes +
elt
1822.]
felt ap rehensive of not being able to
bass the large tivers, ‘suchas ‘the
alys, the Parthenius, andthe San-
fee thése Nomiades liyed'in’ the
Hae of Themis¢yra, upon the’ produce
thei} ‘flocks; “dnd the” hooty whith
thie acquired: by pillaging their neigh-
ours.”* Tn’ ‘Scythia’ the women a¢com:
Mee eir husbands to war and to
the’ clase, and’ were skilful in horse-
ae the use of the bow ; here
guarded the shore. Some Greek
als rs having met, fought with, and
Been’ ‘obtiquieted ‘by, them, reported
‘these coasts to be entirely inhabited by
mien, who put every man that came
sre them to death ; and from hence
Syl beshinie then’ to defend them-
past, , and “at last to subjugate their
ibours ; that’ they had attempted
ad stds:
Novelties of For eign, Literature.
529
an expedition against Athens; and
that their queen Thalestris had gone
herself, or sent ambassadors, to the
camp of Alexander,—is what, in defi-
ance of the authority of many poets,
philosophers, and_historians of anti-
quity, we are no Jonger permitted to
believe. We may remember the ex-
pression of Lysimachus, when Onery-
critus read to him the history of Tha-
lestris, with which he had embcllished
his work upon the exploits of Alex-
ander—“ Oh! where was. I at, that
time?” said Lysimachus to him, smiling.
It is worthy of remark, that the
names of Menalippa, Hyppolita, &e.
given to these Sauromatides, these
Amazons, are all Greek names; al-
though itis manifest that these women
must have borne barbarian names
and derived from the language which
they spoke.
bs SNOVELTIES OF FOREIGN LITERATURE.
bas .Sttis
—
“Webersioht aller chishrdbard Sprachen und
~“wthre? Dialehte.Sirvey of all known
eeLangiagesand Dialects; by Freve-
S gaeK ‘ADELUNG)” Ritssian Counsellor
dof State, Ye? Printed at St. Peters-
*9bure in 1620. ©
E present work constitutes but
eiBncaevéry small’ part of the grand
adits banaeibive plan’ of the learned
aap al is} in fast, almere index or »
= tus}though’ a° most valuable
to” thé! intended BiBLioTHECA
GiePriek} *and, that the *réader may
‘have Some ‘conception of the proposed
ework, and ‘its great importance to the
earned world; we shall heré insert the
analysis ‘of’ the: atitho?’s ‘general ‘intro-
-duction'to his Bibliotheca Glottica.
I, History oF THE GENERAL SCIENCE _
, OF LANGUAGES.
Th. EARLY ATTEMPTS 4 Arn BIBLIOTHECA a4 é
oO “exorrica,
QI Or LANGUAGE IN GENERAL? © O°
olt1.(The faculty ‘of Fie ais aineke eon.
opiderdditsi xo bres 101g
wait dan Blapsioldtridaliy Eto sqieov
bun be: Psychologically, aywith an piri
~Sit 2. gilt
t7 our seictPee of brutes
RURD ve
i98A9
mo a9712
: ant
he éstion—
€ 4 eb ROM. 110
“J5rThe language of signs 1:
Mownrny Mac. so ii
Sie
ves a tect communication,
Abid ag J ban
Zk
ae or: lid anguage,
Which the oldest of oft
6. On the diversity of languages, and
their physical, historical, and moral causes.
7. History of. the attempts at ‘an uni-
versal language.
IV. GENERAL GRAMMAR.
V. OF WRITING :
_ 1. The origin of writing:
a. Pictures. .. Syd
b. Hieroglyphics :
é i ptian. ty
exican.
i Variotis otliers,” 5 ie ah
¢. Alphabetic writing: “°'" ©"
d, Arrow or Babylon aleve
2. Account of all the known alphabets.
3. History “of the ee at an uii-
versal character. ; fdiaeog Be 1
» 4. Short-hand writings 9)/} o} oni
- a, Stenographyy,j ioe alenia on
b, Tachygraphy, | tiBds » a
ks _Pasigraphy.,,. lea’ f
_4. Abbreviations or contacto:
nigh Nee ONAN, hai
vod .twodiiW
’ ali i $f
sti Ge
10 5! ee cevwntngs 10 lia 218 i0
S108 af
er eae SAN
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‘4. Poly glotts .
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BPX ow c. Bibles.
530
c. Bibles.
d. The Lord’s Prayer, collections of.
e. Separate essays :
e. Bachmeister’s specimen.
f. The parable of the Prodigal
Son.
y. The words of the great com-
paratiye vocabulary of Ca-
tharine JT.
2. Comparisons of various languages
with each other.
3. Maps of languages.
VIII. DEAD LANGUAGES:
1. Ancient.
2. Modern:
a, Literature.
b. Remains of languages.
Such is the gigantic plan, which the
learned author hopes to carry into exe-
cution; and, as the basis of it is to be
facts, he begins by an attempt to ascer-
tain the names of all the languages of
the globe, and to collect specimens of
every dialect. This labour (as_ he
justly observes inhis preface, page iv.)
was by far the most difficult part of his
undertaking. But, that he has been
eminently successful in this particular,
will be evident from the following re-
sult of his labours :—
That my work will be free from errors,
I cannot expect; but I venture to affirm,
that it gives a more complete view of the
subject than has hitherto appeared, and,
perhaps, than it has been possible to ex-
hibit. For this advantage it is indebted to
the abundant sources of information,
which the modern travels, particularly of
the English, the Bible Societies, and the
more extended range of philological
science, have opened during the last ten
years ; and it will hardly appear credible
io those who have not ascertained the fact
by comparison, that my survey exhibits
987 names of Asiatic languages,
587 European,
276 Aftican ; and
1214 American;
making, consequently, in the whole 3064
languages and dialects; while the indefa-
tigable and successful diligence of the
authors of ‘¢ the Mithwidates’” could collect
together only about 2000. — Preface,
pages vil. viii.
The work consists of two parts; in
the first, the author gives a list of all
the languages, arranged according to
their respective stocks or families,
and the geographical situation of the
nations that speak them; and in the
‘second part, the names of the languages
are arranged alphabetically under each
quarter of the globe.
1. ASIA.
Monosyllabic—
I, Chinese.
Novelties of Foreign Literature.
[July 1,
IT. Tibetian, Thobbot, Tangutian.
III. Boman, Boma, Barma, Burman,
Byamma, Myamma, Avan,
IV. Peguan.
V. Anamitic.
VI. Siamese, Siuanlo.
Polysyllabic ; arranged under the following
geographical divisions:
A. Southern Asia ; comprehending
I. The Malay; from the eastern coast
of Africa and Madagascar, to Easter
Island in the South Sea,
II. Farther India, stock of.
B. Western Asia ; comprehending
I. The Semitic stock.
II. Armenian, Haikan.
III. Georgian, Grusinian, Iberian.
IV. Caucasian.
C. Middle Asia; comprehending
I. The Turcico-Tatar stock.
II. Mongolian.
IIL. Mandschu,
1V. Corean.
D. Northern Asia. Siberia ; compre-
hending
I. Various mixed nations on the fron
tiers of Asia and Europe. :
II. Samoyedes.
III. Nations of various unknown stocks
in north-eastern Asia.
E. Islands of Eastern Asia; comprehending
I. Sachalin, or Tschoka,
II. Japan,
IIf. Insu, Jedso, Tschika.
IV. Lieu-Kieu islands, Lgutschu islands,
Lew-Chew.
V. Formosa.
2. EUROPE.
I. Cantabrian, or Basque.
IT. Celtic stock.
III. Celtico-Germanic,
stock.
IV. German (Germanischer)
comprehending
A. The German (Deutscher) main
stock,
B. Scandinavian main stock.
C. English.
V. Vhracico-Pelasgic Greek and Latin
stock ; comprehending
A. The Thracico-I{llyrian main: stock,
in Asia Minor and in Europe
B. Pelasgic main stock.
C. Hellenic-Greek main stock.
D. Latin stock. .
VI. Slavonic (Slavischer) stock.
VII. Germanico-Slavonic, or Lettish
stock.
VIII. Romano-Slavonic, or Wallachian.
IX. Tshudish stock.
X. Mixed languages on the south-
eastern border of Europe, comprehend-
ing the Hungarian and Albanian, with
their dialects.
3. AFRICA.
I. Northern Africa,as far as thesouthern
frontiers of Sahara :
A. Barbary. ¢
or 'Cimbrian
stock ;
B. Guanchen,
1822.]
B. Guanchen.
II. Middle Africa :
A. North-eastern nations, compre-
hending the Copts, Nubians, and
Abyssinians.
B. Countries between Sahara and
Gulbi.
C. Middle Africa, Proper, compre-
hending the Yalofs, Mandingoes,
Congoes.
D. The greater part of the imper-
fectly-known territories in the
interior of Africa, from Abyssi-
nia, &c.
E. The Caffres; from Quiloa to the
Hottentots.
III. The southern extremity of Africa
including the Hottentots, &c.
4, AMERICA.
I. South America.
II. Middle America.
Ill. North America:
A. The northern parts of New Mexico,
with California and the west coast
of America, to Prince William’s
Sound.
B. Territories on the west side of the
Mississippi, and between that river
and the Missouri and Arkansas.
C, Territories on the east side of the
Mississippi, to the Ohio and the
eastern Great Lakes.
D. Northern territories on the eastern
coast and Hudson’s Bay ; above
and below the Great Lakes to-
wards the great western chain of
mountains,
E. The territories on the northern coast
from Greenland and Labrador to
Behring’s straits, and from the pe-
ninsula of Alaksa to Prince Wii-
liam’s Sound.
Under the North American divisions,
which are above designated by the
letters B and C (territories east and
west of the Mississippi), the author
enumerates many names which are
familiar to us; but he also mentions a
great number of which we have seldom
or never heard. As this region of the
continent is the most mteresting to an
American reader, we have thought it
might be useful to give the whole list
in detail; in order that any omissions
or errors (if any such exist) may be
supplied and corrected from that
country. This extract will at the same
time. give the reader an idea of the
extraordinary minuteness of the whole
work.
B. Territories on the west side of the
Mississippi, &c.
a. Indian stocks at the sources of the
Missouri : '
1. The Blood Indians.
2. Paegans, Picaneaux,
Survey of all known Languages and Dialects. 531
8. Black-foot Indians.
4, Fall Indians.
5, Minetares.
6. Snake Indians.
7. Crow Indians.
8. Achwahhaway.
9. Mandans.
. Naudowessies, Narcotah :
«, On the banks of the waters of the
St. Croix :
1. Nehogatawonas.
2, Matabantowas. Mawtawbaun-
towahs. Carver,
3. Schahswintowaher. Shahsween-
towahs. Id.
f£. Naudowessies of the Plains :
1. Wapintowas.
2. Tintons.
3. Ascahcutons.
4. Mahas.
5. Shians.
6. Shianis.
7. Tschunguscetons.
8. Waddapachestens.
9. Assiniboils, Assinipoils, Assini-
boins, Assinipoetuk, (As-sin-e-
po-e-tue,) Sioux, Stone-Sioux,
Stone Indians,
aa. Manetopa.
bb. Oseegah.
cc. Mantopanato.
10. Wahpatone.
11. Mindawarcaton.
12. Yanktongs.
aa, Minowa—Kantongs.
bb. Washpetong.
ce. Sussitongs.
dd, Titong, Tetons.
we, Okandandas.
£2. Minnakinneazzo.
yy. Sahone,
c, On the east side of the Mississippi.
1. Sakies, Saukis.
2. Ottogamies.
3. Menomenes, Folle Avoine.
d. Osages and Panis, [Pawnees.]
a, Osages :
1. Winnebagoes, Puants.
2. Ayouas,
3. Otataches.
4. Missouris.
5. Otos, Ottoes, Octolactos.
6. Maha, Mahaws, Maia, Yucatan.
7. Ponzar.
8. Kanzes.
B. Panis, Panias:
1. Ricaras, »
2. Panis-Mahaws, Panimachas.
3, Pania-pique
4. Tawakenoes.
5, Tancards,
e. In the territories of the Red River:
«, Caddos,Caddoques,Cadodaquioux.
1. Nentego, Nentico, Nantico,
Nanticokes, Nandakoes, (Wa-
ter-people. )
2. Nabadaches.
5. Inies, Tachies.
4, Yattasees,
Novelties of Foreign Literature.
4. Yattasees.
5. Adaize, Adayes.
6. Nacogdoches.
7. Keychies, Keyes,
8. Natchitoches.
9. Tunicas,
8. Bedies.
y. Aliche, Eyeish.
6. Accocesaws.
z, Mayes.
¢. Cances.
n. Carancouas,
S. Attacapas.
s. Appalousa.
x Chactoos.
a. Washash.
[July 1,
x. Uches, Savannucas.
a. Seminoles.
2. Tschikasah, Chikkasaw (Chicachas)
Mowill, Mobilians, Mobil-lan-
guage.
«, Chatchi-Oumas, Chetimachas?
£. Oufé-Ogulas.
y. Tapoussas,
é. Coroas.
z. Yazoux.
&. Grigras.
n. Thioux.
3. Tschaktahs, Chaktaws, Chatkas,
Catawbas.
4, Tschelokis, also fulsely called Chee-
rake, Cheraquis, Tscherlocky,
Tschirokesen.
c. Wotcons.
d, Katahba,
1. Wataree.
C. Territories on the EAsT side of the
Mississippi, to the Ohio, and the
Great Lakes:
a, Nations and dialects next eastward
of the mouths of the Mississippi and
in Florida.
4. On the island Malhado:
«, Caoques,
&. Han.
2. On the Continent:
«, Choriuco.
8. Doguenes,
y- Mendica,
5. Quevenes.
«. Mariames.
é. Gualsiones,
n. Yguaces.
3. Atayos.
s. Acubadaos.
x. Quitoles.
a Avavares,
p» Muliacones.
y. Cutalchiches.
&. Susolas.
o, Comos.
a. Camoles.
3. Nations which have emigrated from
the East side of Mississippi to
the West side:
e. Pacanas,
B. Pascagolas, (Pachea-ogoulas.)
y. Boluxas.
8. Appalachi, Wapanachki,
s. Natchez, Natuxéz.
. Tunicas. :
é: Srichatann: } almost extinct.
4. At St. Augustine, on the east side;
Timuaca.
b. Tschikasah (Chikkasaw) and kindred
dialects :
4. Muskohge, Creeks, Muskogulgen-
Creek.
Nations of the Muskohge-union ;
a, Caouittas, Cawittas.
f£. Conshacs.
y. Oakmulgees.
8. Alibamous, Alibamis-
=. Taensas.
&. Yasows.
n. Conchattas.
%. Abeikas.
s, Stincards,
2. Eeno,
3. Chawah, Chowan.
4, Langgaree.
5. Nachee.
6. Yamasee.
7. Coosah.
e. The Six Nations; called by them-
selves Ongwe-honwe, (greater thar
all others,) also Aquanoshioni,
Aquanuschionig or Konungzi Oniga
(united nations); called by the
Dutch,Maquaica, Maquas, Mengwe,
Mingus ; by the French, Iroquois.
1. Senekas, Tsonontouas, Machach-
tini (inhabitants of the hills).
2. Mohawks, Sankhicanni.
Cochnewagoes, Cochnewaga, Cah-
nuaga.
3. Onondagos, Onontagnes,
4, Oneidas, Oniadas, Oneyouts.
W’tassone. :
5. Cayugas, Goyogans. Queugue.
6. Tuscaroras.
Here belong further,
7. Canai; called by the English Ca-
nais, Conois, Conoys, Canaways,
Kanhawas, Canawese.
8. Nanticokes.
9. Ahouandate; called by the Eng-
lish, Wyandots, Wyondots; by
the French, Guyandots, or more
commonly Hurons.
10. Hochelaga.
11. Mynckussar, Mynqueser.
12. Erigas.
13. Wanat.
14. Cochnowagoes.
D. The northern territories of the east
side, and to Hudson’s Bay, above and
below the Great Lakes, towards the
great western chain of mountains,
Chippeway-Delaware, or Algonkin-Mo-
hegan stock, in Virginia:
a, Southern branches—
4. Pampticoughs.
2. Shawanos, Sawanno, Shawnee
(Shawaneu, south country.)
3. Kickapoos, Oucahipoes.
4, Miamis,
1322.]
4. Miamis, or Twightwees.
«2 Ouyatonons.
B. Mlinois.
saa, Kaskaskias,
bh. Cahokias,
ce. Piorias.
dd. Kasquias.
ee. Mitchigamies.
ff. Piankashaws, Piankichas,
gg. Kikapoos.
hh. Poteouatamies, Pottawa-
tameh, Pattawattomi.,
zi. Outaouas.
kk. Chatnis.
4. Northern branches:
1. Delaware, and its nearest stocks:
«, Delaware, Lenni-Lenape (origi-
nal people), Lennopea.
aa. Unimis, Wanami, Turtle.
bb. Unalachtgo, Unalachtigo,
Wunalachtigo, Turkey.
cc. Minsi, Ministi, Monsi, Mun-
seyis, Monsonies.
&. New Sweden, now New Jersey:
Sankikani.,
2. Narraganset—
a Pequittoog.
&. Nanhigganeuk.
y. Massachuseuk, Massachusett.
8, Cawasumseuk.
«. Cowweseuk, Cowweset.
€. Quintikook.
4. Qunnipieuk.
3. Pawkunnawkut.
s, Pawtuket, Nechesangett.
x, Neepmuck,
3. Natik, Nadik, Nianticks. :
4, Abenaquis, Abenakis, Apenaki,
Openagi, corrupted from Wapa-
nachki, Eastlanders,
a. Canibas, Kennebek.
f. Etchemines, Malécites.
y- Gaspesians,
3, Missiassik,
#, Arosaguntakik.
5. Mahikanni, Mankikani; called by
the Dutch, Makikanders; by the
French, Mourigans, Mahingans,
Mauhikans ; by the English, Mo-
hiccons, Mohuccans, Mahegans,
Mohegans, Muheekanew, Schati-
kooks ; River-Indians, The same
with the Pequots.
«. Much-quauh.
f. Mech-cha-ooh.,
y- Toon-pa-oh.
6. Penobscot Indians.
7. Estechemines, Etechemines,
8. Micmak.
9. Souriquois.
C. Middle main branch, to the north of
the foregoing :
1, Algonkins;
«. Acadia.
aa. Abenaki,
bb, Openango,
cc. Soccoki.
Survey of all known Languages and Dialects.
533
&. Along the river St. Lawrence to
Montreal :
aa. Papinachoi.
bb. Montanaro.
cc. Abenaki di Sillery,
y- On lake Huron;
aa, Nocke.
bb. Altikamek,
cc. Outepoue.
3, Between the Mississippi, Michigan,
and Lake Erie:
aa, Oumami.
bb. Makouten.
ce. Outagami,
dd. Malomimi.
ee. Poiiteoiiatami.
ff. Ojatinon.
gg. Saki.
«, On lake Ontario:
aa. Tsonontoiian,
bb. Goyoguan.
cc. Onnotague.
dd. Onnoyoute.
& In the neighbourhood of the Oiis
touas rivers:
aa. Machakandibi.
bb. Nopemen d’Achirini.
ec. Nepisirini.
dd. Temiskamink.
». On the north of the Mississippi to
the upper lakes and Hudson’s Bay :
aa. Assimpoiial.
bb. Sonkaskiton.
ec. Ouadbaton.
dd. Atinton.
2. Chippeways:
a, Chippeways on the south-of the
upper lakes,
B. Crees,
y- Nepesangs.
5, Algonkins, on the lake of the two
mountains.
«, Ottoways, Ottawas, or, as they call
themselves, Wtawas.
é. Iroquois-Chippeways.
n. Muskonongs.
J. Messisaugers, Messisagues.
3. Knistenaux, Chnisteneaux, Christe-
neaux, Clisteno.
a. Nehethawa, Nehetwa.
8. Skoffie.
y. Sketapushoish.
8, Matassins,
d. North-western branches ?
Chepewyan.
Nawse Oto
Nagailer.
. Slua-cuss-dinais.
. Neguia-dinais.
. Nasrad.denee,
- Beaver-Indians.
- Stone Indians,
Satsees.
8. Hudson’s Bay.
E, The northerly coasts of Greenland and
Labrador to Behring’s Straight, and
from the peninsula of Alaksa to
Prince William’s Sound :
Eskimo stock, Karalit.
a, Bastermn
534
a, Eastern side ;
1. Greenland.
2. Labrador, Eskimo.
3. North coast of Hudson's Bay.
4. Humoky dialect.
b. Western side:
1. Inhabitants of Prince William’s
Sound.
British Legislation.
[July 1,
2. Tschugazzi.
3. Konagen, in Kadjak. .
4, Norton Sound.
5. Sedentary Tschuktsghi.
6. Jakutat.
Such is the outline of the vast work
in contemplation.
BRITISH LEGISLATION.
ACTS PASSED in the FIRST YEAR of the REIGN of GEORGE THE FOURTH, 07 in the
THIRD SESSION of the SEVENTH PARLIAMENT of the UNITED KINGDOM.
——a
AP.I. To suppress Insurrections
and prevent Disturbance of the
Public Peace in Ireland, until the 1st
day of August, 1822.—Feb. 11, 1822.
‘Two justices may cause clerk of the
peace to summon an extraordinary session,
who shall give notice thereof, and cause
justices to be summoned.—Justices so as-
sembled may signify, by memorial to the
Lord Lieutenant, that the county is dis-
turbed, or in danger of being so.—Lord
Lieutenant and Ceuncil may proclaim such
county to be in a state of disturbance.
Proclamation shall warn the inhabitants
to remuinin their houses between sun-set and
sun-rise ; and shall appoint special sessions
of the peace.—Places proclaimed to be
considered as such from the day inhabi-
tants shall be required to remain within
their houses.—Proclamations shall be con-
_clusive evidence in civil and criminal
courts.
Lord Lieutenant may appoint a King’s
serjeant or counsel to preside at Special
Sessions.—Such serjeant or counsel to
preside as chief judge, and Court of Ses-
sions shall have all powers and authorities
as are incident to Courts of Oyer and Ter-
miner, &c, and shall proceed without Grand
Jury, &c, as herein mentioned.—Discre-
tion given to Court to try persons by jury.
Persons found out of place of abode to
be brought before magistrates, and if not
out on lawful occasions, deemed idle and
disorderly.
Justices, &c. may enter houses, and
absent persons deemed idle and disorderly,
Persons administering or taking oaths
for seditious purposes, &c, or not giving
information concerning the same, deemed
idle and disorderly.—Persons circulating
notices to excite riots or unlawful meet-
ings, or demanding money, arms, &c,
deemed idle and disorderly.
Persons having arms deemed idle and
disorderly. — Persons found in public-
houses, after certain time, deemed. idle
and disorderly. — Persons tumultuously
assembled, deemed idle and disorderly.
Persons convicted of being idle and
disorderly, TO BE TRANSPORTED: FOR
SEVEN YEARS.—Persons adjudged to be
transported, may be sent out of the coun-
try to any gaol in Ireland,
Persons guilty of hawking seditious pa-
pers deemed idle and disorderly, but, as
such, not liable to transportation,
Special Sessions not to take cognizance
of any offence, except of idle and disor-
derly persons, &c.
Magistrates of adjacent counties at large
may execute this Act within counties of
cities or of towns, &c.
If any action, suit, plaint, or information
shall be commenced or prosecuted against
any person or persons for what he or they
shall do in pursuance and execution of
this Act, the same shall be commenced
within six months after the offence com-
mitted, and shall be brought or laid within
the county where the act was committed ;
and such person so sued may plead) the
general issue of Not guilty, and, nponissue
joined, may give this act and the special
matter in evidence ; and if the plaintiff or
prosecutor shall become nonsuit, or forbear
prosecution, or suffer discontinuance, or
af a verdict or judgment on demurrer
shall pass against him, the defendant shall
recover treble costs. F 309
When verdict for plaintiff, if judge cer-
tifies that there was probable cause’ for
doing the act, only 6d. damages.—-Where
act was maliciously committed, treble
costs.
Cap. If. To empower the Lord
Lieutenant, or other Chief Governor or
Governors of Ireland, to apprehend and
detain, until the 1st day of ‘August,
1822, such Persons as he or they shall
suspect of conspiring against his’ Ma-
jesty’s Person and Government.—Feb.11.
Persons imprisoned in Ireland for high
treason, &c. may be detained till Aug.1,
1822, and shall not be bailed or tried with-
out an order from the Privy Council.
Persons to whom warrants of commit-
ments are directed shall detain the persons”
so committed in safe custody.
Persons charged with the custody, as
also the place of detention, may be
changed. Eee
Cap. Ill. For indemnifying such
Persons as have seized or detained any
Arms or Gunpowder tn Ireland, since
the \st day of November, 1821, os
the
1822.]
the Preservation of the Public Peace.—
Mareh 11.
All proceedings against persons who
have, for preservation of lives and pro-
perty, seized arms and gunpowder without
legal authority, discharged and made void.
On any proceeding against any person
for such acts, he may plead the general
issue, and give this act in evidence.
Cap. 1V. To regulate the Importa-
tion of Arms, Gunpowder, and Ammu-
nition into Ireland, and the making, re-
moving, selling, and keeping of Arms,
Gunpowder, and Ammunition, in Ire-
land, for seven Years, and from thence
until the End of the then next Session of
Parliament.—Marcli 11.
After passing of this Act, not lawful to
import cannon, mortars, or ordnance,
guns, pistols, &c. without licence from
Lord Lieutenant or Chief Seeretary.—
Arms, &c. imported without licence, for-
feited; and any vessel having such on-
board, in any port, without licence, for-
feited, with arms, &c.— Penalty on
Importer 500/. ; on master of vessel 2001.
No person in Ireland shall manufacture
New Patents and Mechanical Inventions. .
535
gunpowder. without licence from Lord
Lieutenant, &c.—Penalty on making gun-
powder without licence, 500/.—Manufac-
turer not to sell without licence of Lord
Lieutenant, &c.
Penalty on persons who deal in gun-
powder during prohibition, 500/.; and all
such gunpowder may be seized.
Persons not licensed as aforesaid, not
to keep more than 2 Ibs. weight of gun-
powder, nor any ordnance, without li-
cence from Lord Lieutenant , &c. penalty
5001.—1001. penalty on selling more than
2 Ibs. weight, unless licence produced’ by
person buying.—Penalty for selling more
than 2 lbs. of gunpowder to any one per-
son within any period of two months, -
Cannon, arms, &c. not to be removed,
nor more than 2 lbs. of gunpowder, with-
out licence.
Penalty on removal 5001.
Cap. V. To repeal so much of an
Act made in the 55th Year of the Reign
of his late Majesty, for taking an Ac-
count of the Population of Ireland, as
relates to certain Expenses to be incur-
red under the said Act.—March 11.
-NEW PATENTS AND MECHANICAL INVENTIONS.
—_——
“ Drink to me only with thine eyes,” an
admired Air, with Variations for the
Piano-forte, and an Accompaniment
for. the Flute (ad libitum), by J.
Hopkinson. 33s.
Y the free and playful manner in
which Mr. Hopkinson has treated
this justly-favourite melody, he has
rendered it an eligible and practicable
lesson for piano-forte students. He
has carried his lucubrations to the ex-
tent of nine variations, the greater
number of which are fancifully con-
structed, and, without the too common
fault of deserting the theme, present
a-variety and contrast which at once
declare his taste’ and’ his judgment.
So satisfied, on the whole, are we with
this little production, that it is but
agquiescing with our own sense of jus-
tice to recommend it to the notice of
young performers.
**O! pity a poor, satlor boy,” sung atthe
Surrey Theatre by, Master T. Radg-
way ; composed by Ei. Solis. 1s. Gd.
In speaking of this ballad, we cannot
employ the language of encomium.
The air is not conceived with taste or
feeling ;nor does’ either the formation
or the arrangement of the passages be-
speak much talent or science. We
irace an ‘aim at expression, but if is
unsuccessful; and the bass, in some
instanees, is too ill chosen to admit the
conception, that Mr. Solisis a profound
musician.
“« How vain is the sighs’ sung by Miss
Povey at the Theatre Royal Drury-
Lane ; composed and arranged for the
Piav-forte, by John Whitaker. 2s.
This song (which is published in full
score, as'well as with a piano-forte
part,) is set with considerable skill
and sweetness of fancy. The melody
forms an illustration of the poet’s sen-
timent; and, while it gratifies the ear,
awakens and appeals to the mind. On
examining the score, we find the ge-
neral combination good. The piano-
forte accompaniment extracted from it
is judiciously and effectively adjusted;
and the whole composition is calen-
lated to support the credit Mr. Whita-
ker, has, acquired as a vocal composer.
A favourite Waltz ; arranged with Va-
yiations for the Piano-forte, by Ey
Simms. 2s. 6d.
Mr. Simms, in the six variations
which he has founded upon this theme,
has furnished an acceptable praetice
for the instrument for which they are
designed. W?:thout losing sight of di-
versity, he has kept tolerably close to
his theme, and thus combined fidelity
with invention. Some of the original
passages are so felicitously tarned, as
: almost
$22.)
almost. to merit the praise due to un-
borrowed beauty ; and from the proofs
here given of a free and easy fancy,
we should deem Mr. S., in composi-
tions of this kind, perfectly adequate
to the formation of his own themes,
DRAMA.
Covent-Girpen.—The past month,
we are sorry to have to report, has not
been so favourable to the interests of
the two winter theatres as we would
have wished, or as a better prevailing
taste would have ensured. 'The repe-
titions of the Law of Java, the Miller
and his Men, the Lord of the Manor,
Macbeth, Cherry and Fair Star, the
Two Gentlemen of Verona, the Rivals,
Fiob Roy, and other deseryedly-ad-
mired pieces, have attracted but mo-
derate audiences to Covent-Garden.
The high and acknowledged merit of
principal performers at this theatre
will not permit us to attribute the
failure to any deficiency, on the part of
the managers, either in judgment or
split; we therefore haye to impute
the effect to other causes. Among
these are to be reckoned, the numerous
minor theatres that are now open to
the public, the exertions displayed at
the new house in the Haymarket, the
attractions of Vauxhall-Gardens under
their new proprietors, the late dinner
hours in circles of fashion, and lastly,
and most seriously, the extreme heat
of the weather, which has been pecu-
liarly hostiie to attendance in crowded
theatres.
Literary and Critical Proémium.
547
Drury-Lane.—Mr, Elliston, with
the employment of the great and ex~
traordinary talents of Mr. Kean, Mr.
Braham, Madame Vestris, and him-
self, in Abroad and at Home, the Ro-
man Actor, the Castle of Andalusia,
Othello, Richard the Third, Love in «
Village, and the Mountaineers, (with
which he closed on June 14,) has en-
deavoured to sustain the ancient splen-
dor of the theatre under his manage-
ment, and to deserve the praise and
encouragement of that public which
had so long honoured him with its
support. But the misfortune of illness,
together with the disadvantages we
have just enumerated, have fallen upon
his efforts with too great a weight to
induce his keeping open his theatre
this season to the usual period. It is,
however, cheering to find that, amid
all his discouragements, Mr. Elliston
has hitherto been enabled to fulfil his
engagement with the proprietors, and
to acquit himself with henour and
punctuality towards all the parties
with whom the concern has brought
him in contact. During the recess, the
theatre is to undergo considerable al-
terations and embcllishments, which,
in combination with the exertions now
making to increase and improve the
company, will, it is anticipated, ren-
der it as attractive as it ever has been,
in the most brilliant portion of its ca-
reer; and secure to the zealous and
sedulous manager that fame and emo-
lament which he so highly merits.
aa ar a serene rene
NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED IN JUNE:
WITH AN HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL PROEMIUM.
————
Authors or Publishers, desirous of sceing an early notice of their Works, ave
requested to transmit copies before the \Sth of the Month.
"THE most singular and important dis-
covery which lias, since the restora-
tion of letters, been given to the world,
we owe, during the past month, to the
learning, industry, and patriotism of Mr.
O'Connor; who, having preserved, through
all mutations of fortune, the ancient ma-
nuseripts, which have been the hereditary
trast of his house, has now published a
version of them, under the title of, Chro-
nicles of Eri, being the History of the Gaal
Scivt Lher; ov the Irish People: trans-
lated from the original Manuscripts in the
Phenician dialect of the Scythian language.
The earliest of these traditions purport to
be compiled by Eolus, chief of the Gaal,
between the years 1368 and 1535, before
Christ, about fiity years later than Moses;
and they give the traditionary history of
the Scythians from the earliest point of
—=
time to his own days. To these suceced
the annals of Eri, commencing with the
invasion of Ireland by the Scythian
colonies of Spain, 1006 years B.C. and
bringing down the history of the settle-
ment to within seven years of the Christian
wra, These documents open a wide and
perfectly novel field for the investigation
of the earlier history of the Eastern tribes,
and the author has availed himself of it in
a manuer worthy of its importance by a
most acute and elaborate demonstration,
prefixed to his translation, of the original
seat, nations, and tribes of the Scythian
race. From the boldness with which, as
Editor, he attacks many received opinions
in chronology and history, sacred and pvo-
fane, Mr. O’Conner must expect a very
close examination of his arguments and
evidence, especially from those whose in-
terest
548
terest it is to prove him ‘to be in the
wrong. Of the antiquity and genuine-
ness of the manuscripts, however, no
doubts can possibly exist ; and the: trans-
lator, while he admits that they are not of
so old a date as the events recorded, as-
serts with confidence, that they must be
faithful transcripts from the most ancient
records; their style, language, and con-
tents, equally precluding the possibility
of their being forged. A fac-simile is
given *n the second volume from thé “ Roll
of the Laws of Eri,” (a copy of which will
be given in our Supplement, ) and we under-
stand that he has gratified the public with
an inspection of the originals, which he has
deposited at the publisher’s. His case
thus rests on firm ground, and he has no
reason to apprehend the revival of a con-
troversy ‘like that of Chatterton or
Macpherson. But, if any variety of opi-
nion should be raised on conflicting his-
torical questions, every reader cannot fail
to be impressed with the greatest respect
for the profound erudition and patient
research every where visible in the valu-
able disquisitions which the editor has
prefixed to his translations. The work is
dedicated to Sir Francis Burdett, in a
tone altogether original; and Sir Francis
is understood to take a lively interest in
the success of this work, a feeling in which
he will be joimed by the gentlemen of
Yreland and the literati of Europe and
America.
Mr. WAsnIneTon IRVING, the author
of the Sketch Book, has just published a
new work, in two volumes, entitled,
Bracebridge Hall, or the Humourists. High
as Mr. Irving’s character, as an elegant
and pleasing writer, has stood in public
estimation, since the republication of his
Sketch Book on this side of the Atlantic,
we still think that his literary reputation
will be encreased by the present work.
Bracebridge Hall is intended to give-a
picture of old English feelings and man-
ners, and we think Mr. Irving has been
very successful in this attempt. No one
better deseribes the old popular customs
of England, the May-day sports and the
Christmas revelries. The characters which
are introduced are cleverly drawn, and
display excellent feeling and very. consi-
derable humour. "Phe Squire himself, and
Christie, his Huntsman, are admirable
portraits. But perhaps the most valuable
portions of these volumes to the English
reader, ave those in which the author in-
troduces a few sketches of American cha-
racter, such as that of the Dutch Hunter
surrounded by his Indian attendants. The
story of Annette Delarbre is beautifully
written, The few observations at the end
of the second volume, on the national
animosities of the two countries, are
worthy of the best attention, both of En-
glishmen and Americans.
Tn an Itinerary of Provence and the Rhone,
Literary and Critical Proémium.
[July ty
made during the Year: 1819, by Jounx
Hucues, A.mvof Oriel College, Oxford,
-will be. found a spirited: but hasty sketch
of the principal points. worthy of obser-
vation, through this interesting line of
country. . The author does little more tha
advert to the prominent objects of history
and antiquity which came under his notice,
and perhaps this is all which the natune of
his work, intended principally to guide
the traveller to the scenes most likely to
reward his attention, ought to lead us to
expect. Mr. Hughes is evidently an ob-
serving and well-informed man, | but we
could wish that his frequent recollections
of the effects of blasphemy and sedition in
the French reyolution, had been: qualified
by the reflection of the despotism and
bigotry in which they had) their origin.
The pages are interspersed) with many
rough, but characteristic etchings, and a
‘series of more laboured and. expensive
illnstrations will appear an a_ separate
form. The Itinerary, when thus com-
pleted, will present a very agreeable! and
lively picture of the southern districts of
France, ;
The riddle offered to our conjectures in
the Fortunes of Nigel is at last solved;
and, rather contrary to our expectations,
it has proved to be not'a chivalric ro-
mance, but an Anglo-Scotch’ historical
novel. The scene is laid in ‘the court of
James I. whither Nigel, a young Scotch
lord, repairs to claim a large advance of
money, formerly made by his father to the
sovereign. The difficulties which he en-
counters in this pursuit, the temptations
to which he is exposed, with his final ex-
trication, and restoration to fortune’ and
favor, form the groundwosk to: the story,
As a story, however, it is hardly worth
while to look at these volumes, the rich-
ness of which consists in the exact and
beautiful portraiture of the manners and
characters of that period, and the exqui-
site way in which the author has worked
into his plan the amusing: humours and
foibles of the worthy King James. The
scenes in which this.royal actor is shewn
off, are the best in the work. If, on the
other hand, we were to name the weakest
part, we must unquestionably ‘fix, on the
episode of the Lady Hermione, which is
not raised one degree above the merit of a
second or third-rate novel. Compared,
however, with the Pirate, we do not he-
sitate in giving the preference’ to Sir
Walter’s latest born, whose phiysiognomy,
if not altogether unknown to ‘us, presents
at least some strong and distinet features,
possessing beauty and novelty amply suffi-
cient to interest and amuse us. In an
historical | view, we think that the cha-
racters of Prince'Charles, and particularly
of Buckingham, are painted in too fayour-
able colours; and that of James himself,
though we are not quite sure that the
author is so wrong in this, is exhibited in
so
1822.]
so familiar and amiable a light, as to im-
press our feelings with something of an
affectionate regard for his memory.
Amongst the better class of Novels
which have lately appeared, may be ranked
the Spy, a Tule of the Neutral Ground, in
three volumes, the scene of which is laid
in America during her struggle for inde-
pendence. This work is, on the whole,
cleverly written, and contains some able
delineations of American scenery and
mamers. It displays, perhaps, a, little
transatlantic partiality; but, in the main,
it may be considered to present a toler-
ably fair view of the state of feeling in
America at that period. The portrait of
Washington is well drawn, and the mild
yet firm benignity of his disposition is
happily described. The character of
Major Dunwoodie, a young soldier in the
republican service, and the hero of the
piece, is very creditable to the writer.
The Spy, himself, is an unfortunate pedlar,
who enjoys the perfect confidence of
Washington, and acts under his’ sole di-
rection, and who narrowly escapes being
put to death by his own friends.
Mr. Peter NicHoLson has completed
his popular course of mathematics for
purposes of education, by the publication
of: his Key. This volume contains the
solutions worked at length to above one
thousand questions in every branch of
mathematical science, and is therefore a
treasure above all price to the teacher
and private student. For the ability with
which the task is executed, we need only
quote the name of the ingenious and la-
borious author.
Of the Errors of Ecstasie; a Dramatic
Poem, with other Pieces, by GEorGE
DARLEY; we can scarcely speak in too
seyere terms of censure, inasmuch as it
discovers a total disregard to the usual
established rules of poetic style and ver-
sification, and is destitute of the least pos-
sible share of reason and common sense,
some portion of which must still be re-
quired in poets. Itis wild and improbable
to the last degree, apparently the offspring
of opium or an inebriated dream, in which
the poet far transcends every thing we
have received from the moon-struck ima-
ginations of Mr. Coleridge, or Dr. Laureat
Sonthey’s visions themselves, These Iu-
eubrations are composed of a woodland
scene by moon-light, a mad mystic, who
talks with the moon, and chops logic,
theology, and metaphysics, by way of
imitation, we suppose, of Shakespeare’s
Wall and Moonshine,
_ The Royal Exile, or Poetical Epistles. of
Mary Queen of Scots, during her Captivity
in England, with other original Poems; by
a YOUNG LADy: is a publication which,
though not highly creditable to her poe-
fical talents, possesses sufficiently inter-
esting and amusing matter in the notes and
Literary and Critical Proémium.
540
illustrations, with anecdotes and notices
relating to the Queen’s lire and character,
to. entitleit to some degree of notice.
The work’ seems to contain a good deal of
antiquarian reseanch, together with de-
scriptions of English and Scottish cha-
racters, scenery, aud places, compara-
tively little known to the general readei,
For the poetry of the Epistles themselves,
coutaining a narrative of the Queen’s life
and adventures, we have very Jittle that is
flattering to says
The Pleasures of Fancy, a Poem, in two
Parts; we consider as a very pleasing and
successful etfort of the author’s muse, in
emulation of the Pleasures of Hope and
Memory, to neither of which poems it is
greatly inferior. It displays a degree of ori-
ginality, and evident signs of power, both
in sentiment and versification, far superior
to most of the secondary poets we have
lately read; and we are sorry that our
limits will not at present permit us to do
more than recommend it to the attention
of our readers.
Odofriede, the Outcast, an American
dramatic poem, lately published at New
York, modelled upon the “‘ Manfred,” and
other still wilder pieces of Lord Byron,
is an attempt, displaying indisputable
proofs of poetic power. It is from the
pen of B, H. Jupau, a young poet, not
more than eighteen years of age; and,
though strangely defective, considered as
a regular and complete performance,
abounding in false sentiment and exagge-
rated character, yet there are individual
passages full of richness of fancy and poetic
diction, which go far to redeem the ge-
neral failure of the piece. Of a very sin-
gular and unequal character, and of too
misanthropic a cast to be at all probable
or pleasing, it still holds out a proof of the
existence of real transatlantic genius, and
an earnest of future excellence. From
this, and other ‘¢specimens of American
poets,” lately collected and published in
this country, we feel bound to entertain a
higher opinion of the “ Backwood Muses,”
than we had hitherto supposed their due.
They are already advancing superior pre-
tensions, and deservedly rising in-our esti-
mation, as far as, they have attracted our
notice, which of late seems to have been
more liberally afforded them.
Another volume of BURCKHARDT’s
Travels. is now, published, and we under-
stand there are materials still remaining
sufficient for two volumes more. Jt con-
tains his Travels in Syria and the Holy
Land, in which, especially in the iatter,
he seems to have made many discoveries,
and settled many disputed questions re-
specting those countries. ‘This volume
contains five different tours, principally
performed between 1810 and 1812. The
last, which was directed to the peninsula
of Mount Sinai, took place so late as ASG,
ut
550
but is subjomed to this book, as: being
closely connected with the subjects of the
former part. This zealous, but unfortuy
nate traveller derived very great and im-
portant advantages in the prosecution of
his objects from the adoption of the lan-
guage and dress of the eastern nations. A
hithographed sketch of him in this cos-
tume, by Mr. Salt, the British consul at
Cairo, ornaments this work. The editor
has shown great talent in his remarks, and
in the manner in which his portion of the
work is performed. It is published by
the Society for promoting the Discovery
of the Interior Part of Africa, by whom
this enterprising traveller was employed ;
and, not being a continuation of the for-
mer volume, may be purchased as a dis-
tinct work, It is accompanied also by
two, maps, and a few plans of ancient
vemains.
Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia,
Ancient Babylonia, Se. &c. during the Years
1817, 18, 19, and 20, by Sir RoperT Ker
Porter, is a work which, from its imtrin-
sic merit, must’ be very generally read
and as generally admired. It is quite im-
possible for us, in our short space, to
attempt in the sliglitest manner to follow
the author in his original and most inter-
esting tour, or even to give a fuller de-
seription than is conveyed by his title of
the regions into which he. travelled.
His extraordinary skill in the use of the
pencil, and his extensive acquaintance
with the study to which his researches
have been principally directed, combined
with his correct knowledge of ancient
authors, qualified bim in the highest de-
gree for the task he has undertaken, nor
have the expectations raised by these qua-
lifications been in the least disappointed,
Muchas we were gratified by the former
volume, we are of opinion that the pre-
sent, published) under the anthor’s own
eye, far exceeds it in point of interest.
The engravings of modem uational dresses,
as well as the numerous illustrations of an-
cient remains, contribute to render this
work as complete an account of that part
of the world as can be desired.
A member of |the indefatigable Tuylor
Family, of Ongar, has produced a volume,
ealled the Elements of Thought. It com-
presses, in good medern language, and in
zn inviting form, the theoretical and prac-
tical doetrines contained in Watts’s “ Im-
provement of the Mindy’ and in the same
author’s work on Logie; and, as Watts in
substance will live for ever,so Mr. Taylor,
in giving us his substance in a neat yo-
lume, has rendered an useful service to all
studious and inquisitive persons.
We are happy in introducing Frank, a
sequel to frank, in Early Lessons, by MARA
EbDGEWORTH, Once More to our youthful
readers, the same excelent and amusing
little character as when we lett him. It
Literary and Critical Proémium.
{July 1,
is, perhaps, not saying too much for the
continuation of his life, when we observe,
that it is every way worthy of Miss
Edgeworth’s. great talents and emineut
powers of usefulness, Itis very agreeably
resumed, and carricd on with much spirit
and ability, equally adapted to engage the
delighted attention. of younger readers,
and the more discriminating perusal and
approbation of their parents and friends.
The important question of public and pri-
vate education is brought forward, and is
apparently decided by the story ending
with Frank’s departure for a public school.
Whether Frank would have remained any
longer at home, if circumstances had al-
lowed, we have not the means exactly to
ascertain; but, as his father was on the
point of leaving home for some time, the
affair was brought to a speedy conclusion.
The importance, however, of previous
attention to the formation of a boy’s cha-
racter, during the first ten years of his life,
is strongly and ably enforced; and many
excellent hints are given to parents for the
cultivation and direction of their children’s
peculiar bias and abilities. There ismuch in-
formation imparted, likewise, on important
points of juvenile conduct, which we think
must be read with advantage by all, whe-
ther school-boys or “home-bred youths.”
In parts of the third volume we recognize,
in the characters of Shaw and Granville,
the same powerful hand that drew Lord
Glenthorn and his flatterer, with other
resemblances which we have not here
room to state.
Tales of the Manor, by Mrs, Hortann,
fully support the character already ac-
quired by this lady, for real powers of
fancy, simplicity, and truth. There is a
pleasing and undeviating moral principle
that actuates every thing she writes, ex-
tremely applicable to all the varieties, and
the several professions of life. Out of the
simplest materials, and characters of ordi-
nary and every-day occurrence, very inter-
esting and pathetic narratives are imtro-
duced. From her earliest stories, the
touching description of the “Son of a
Genius,” up to the “ Tales of the Priory,”
and the more complete and voluminous
work before us, the same qualities of natu-
ral pathos, and correct taste and feeling, are
every where visible. In the “ Divided
Lovers,” and the “Partial Mother,” the
peculiar beauties, as well as the defects,
of her style of writing, are perhaps
best shewn. ‘The latter consist in too
great a degree of minuteness and study of
detail, by which she sometimes attempts to
render conimon-place incidents and cha-
racters of more interest and importance
than her subject will welladmit. Insome
of her stories, she appears to approach
nearer the genius of Mrs. Inchbald, and
one or two of the earliest of Mrs. Opie’s
works, than apy living novelist we ae
ic
1822.]
We think there is less sentiment, and more
good sense and cleverness, than in some of
the works of these latter ladies, without,
however, displaying the powers of a Mrs.
Brunton, or Hannah More, or the know-
ledge of character possessed by Mrs. Opie
or Miss Edgeworth.
Mr. Mathias has continued to amuse his
leisure hours abroad, by courting the so-
ciety of the Tuscan muses, who seem to
have conferred upon their votary all the
warmth and brillianey of native song. Tn
addition to his former collections and no-
tices: of the Italian Poets, with original
Canzoni and Sonetti, another volume is just
come into our hands, published at Naples,
“¢ Poesie Liriche Toscane di T. J. Mathias
Cinglese.) Membro della Societa Reale ¢ di
guella degli Antiquarj in Londra, Pastore
Arcade, Membro Corrispondente dell’ Accu-
demia della Crusca, e Soeio Corrispondente
della Societa Pontaniana in Napoli’? All
this is very honourable, and we are grati-
fied to hear of it: an accomplished scho-
lar, and a man of elegant taste and pur-
suits, we are not surprized that he should
rank high in the estimation of all the
learned and best portions of society in
which he moves. We find this is also a
second Neapolitan edition; and that, like
its anthor, it has been extremely. well re-
ceived. Though the production of the
“ fair and sunny clime,”
Ch’ Appenin parte, el mar circonda e
VAlpi,”
we are not of opinion that it quite sustains
the character previously obtained by some
-of the best of his other pieces. What he
has acquired by greater ornameut, idio-
matic excellence, correctness, and richness
of diction, he has more than lost in the na-
tural strength and vigour of his imagery,
and want of the ‘‘esiro poetico,” so essen-
tial to give life and beauty to Italian
poetry. On the whole, however, this work
conveys a high idea of the powers of an
author who can aft once unite so mach
ease and yivacity with so much originality
and correctness in a foreign tongue., The
volume contains many high testimonies
from several individuals and societies, to
the author’s genius and merits, nor unde-
seryedly so ; as, besides the re-publication
of some “ Canzoni,” which place them
beyond dispute, we have a “Drama
Lirico,” a translation of Milton’s Lycidas,
with stanzas to different ladies, written in
very pure and eloquent Tuscan, '
Mr. MontGomery has lately presented
the public with a new version of some of
the Psalms, underthe title of Songs of Zion,
being imitations of PsUms. His talents are
peculiarly manifested in poems of a devo-
tional character; and, in the present in-
stance, he has not fallen short of his usual
taste and feeling. He is undoubtedly en-
titled to great commendation for the skill
Literary and Critical Proémium.
535i
with which he has contrived to kecp suffi-
ciently near to the meaning of the original,
while he has avoided introducing any du-
bious interpretations, and «necessarily
attempting to develope those hidden allu-
sions which those compositions are by
some supposed to contain. It is no dispa-
ragement to this effort of Mr. Montgo-
mery’s muse to admit, that, in point of
grandeur, he often falis below the simple
and sublime elevation of the original.
To those who find ‘a pleasure in exa-
mining the interesting -antiquities with
which the metropolis abounds, we cannot
do better than recommend a curious and
important work, entitled, Loadina Illus-
trata ; Graphic and Historic Memorials of
Monasteries, Churches, Chapels, Schovls,
Charitable loundations, Palaces, Hails,
Courts, Processions, Places of Early Amuse-
ment, and Modern and Present Theatres in
the Cities and Suburbs of London and West-
minster. ‘This splendid volume, which is
filled with prints, some of which are exe-
cuted with great ability, contains a large
body of historical and antiquarian informa-
tion, and is agreeably interspersed with
anecdotes of the distinguished persons
whose names are connected with the build-
ings which are described. The portion of
the work which relates to the old theatres
(chiefly in Southwark,) seems to have been
composed with more particular care ; and,
indeed, the information which it contains
is curious and valuable, in a literary point
of view. Many of the prints are now first
engraved from: original drawings, and
others are copied from plates which have
become of rare occurrence. ‘The typo-
graphy of the work is scarcely equal to the
engravings. j
A volume on the subject of publie edu-
cation has just made its appearance, en-
titled, Plans for the Government and Liberak
Instruction of Boys, in Large Numbers,
drawn from Experience. The principle is
one, at the mention of which the ancient
despotisms of Eton and Winchester must
tremble “ from turret to foundation-
stone ;” being no other than that of leaving,
as much as possible, all power in the hands
of the boys themselves. The monarchy of
the master is, in fact, constitutionalized,
aud a representative government formed,
accompanied by a formal administration of
law, anda competent police establishment,
Under this system, the: school becomes a
well-regulated and orderly society, go-
verned in a manner adapted to rational
creatares. Had’ such plans as these pre-
vailed in Cowper’s time, he would not haye
had o¢casion to denounce, as he did in his
‘Tyrocinium, the wickedness and evils of
great schools. To such institutions as
these, the most apprehensive father may
commit his boy with confidence, without
any anticipation of the insults and miseries
which he must endure as a fag, o1 under the
ferule
552
ferule of a domineerlng master. We trust
that this book will be generally read ; and,
we should feel happy, if we coald flatter
ourselves that its principles would be as
generally adopted. ‘That they may, and
will prevail ultimately, we hope and be-
lieve ; but the rod of power is never hastily
Jaid down; and many disciplinarians, of
what we may literally call the old school,
will rather prefer to subject the evil by
violence, than to convince the understand-
ing by reason, Into the details of this
scheme we cannot here enter further; but
we can cheerfully say, that they have our
full and decided approbation.
Perhaps there is no better way of be-
coming acquainted at once with the man-
ners and genius of any people, than by a
perusal of their national tales. Under this
impression, we would recommend Chinese
Novels, translated from the originals, to
witich are added, Proverbs and Moral Max-
ims, collected from their classical and other
sources, by JOHN FRANCIS DAVIs, F R.S.
‘The three stories, composing the principal
part of this volume, do not possess much
intrinsic interest; but, if read with the view
above alluded to, will be found very illus-
trative of the attainments of a natiou with
which we are commercially so much con-
nected, and of which we are yet in many
respects so ignorant. The proverbs are
not very new, nor very valuable, except in
the light in which we recommend this
work.
The Remains of Henry Kirke White, by
RoBeRT Sourney, vol. III. contains se-
veral move letters and poems, together
with a few prose compositions of this inge-
nious and unfortunate young man. This
additional volume appears to have been
published rather against the judgment of
the editor; and, we must say, against our
own. ‘The pieces composing it, though
possessing much merit, certainly tend ra-
ther to lower, than increase, our opinion of
the author’s talents. To the carlier poems
this observation particularly attaches.
Amongst his more mature productions,
however, we find some which are not un-
- worthy of their author ; and, from these,
we shall subjoin one which possesses some
beauty. The original Essays are princi-
pally of a religious nature. For the fron-
tispiece, this volume contains an engraving
of White’s tombstone, with the beautiful
inscription by Professor Smyth of Cam-
bridge. The interest excited by the former
volumes, and the extensive circulation they
have enjoyed, will'secure considerable at-
tention to the present publication, which,
if not so well rewarded as before, will at
least not be unworthily bestowed,
J have a wish, and near my heart
That wish lies buried;
To keep it there’s a foolish part,
For oh! it must not be,
It must not, must not be,
Literary and Critical Proémium.
[July F 5
Why, my fond heart, why beat’st’thou co?
The dream is fair to see,
But bid the lovely flatterer go,
It must not, must not be,
Olvno! it must not be,
’Tis well this tear in secret falls,
This weakness suits not me;
I know where sterner duty calls,
1t must not, cannot be,
Oh no! it cannot be. :
We seldom interfere with theologicat
works of a controversial nature, but we
gladly make an exception in favour of
Letters addressed to the Calvinistie Chris-
tians of Warwick, by an’ Unrrarran
CHRISTIAN, written, as appears from. its
advertisements, by the Rov. WM. Fipip.
This treatise has certainly completely ful-
filled its professed object of answering a
few caiumnious pages of some ignorant
person of that place; but it is not to its
local topics that we wish to call the atten-
tion of our readers. The author has taken
the present occasion to give an outline of
the history of his sect, and has supported
all their distinguishing doctrines with much
ability. In the list of Unitarians which he
gives, containing many great names, we
were at first surprised to see some ins
cluded who are not generally supposed to
have entertained those views, though the
author seems to adduce sufficient autho-
rity for inserting them. Amongst the
most eminent; we observe Whiston, New-
ton, Locke, Dr. Watts, Wm. Penn, and
Bishop Law. The Unitarian sect is, we
believe, at present increasing with great
rapidity. In the author of the work in
question it certainly possesses a very spi-
rited and efficient advocate; and, if we
find any thing in his pages to alloy ‘the
pleasure of perusing them, it is, perhaps,
that sometimes the author is in danger of
falling into that error which he blames so
much in his opponents—uncharitable feel-
ing. We invite the candid attention of our
readers to his statements, and assure those
who wish to become acquainted with the
history and opinion of this increasing sect,
that they will not be able to find a work
better calculated to convey that infor-
mation.
—a
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An Inquiry into the Principles of
Jeauty in Greeiaun Architecture ; with an
Historical View of the Rise and Progress
' \ * of
1822.]
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John Walker. 8vo, 19s.
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AM. Collegii Div. Joann, Cant. Socius.
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553
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4A and
554
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its
1822,]
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MEDICAL
ES 466 cil
[July 1,
MEDICAL REPORT.
Rerort of Diseases and Casuatriss occurring inthe public and private Practice
of the Physician who has the care of the Western Dist ict of the City Dispensary.
—
BVERY thing within the last few weeks,
the production of which is at all con-
nected with heat, has made its appear-
ance prematurely. Diseases, equally with
vegetation, have this summer changed
months; and medical men are now sum-
moned to attend upon bilious derange-
ments with the same frequency as is com-
monly the case at the commencement of
the autumnal season. The affections at
present witnessed are not, however, of
precisely the same kind and degree as
those that are incident toa more advanced
time; most of the cases which are met
with wear an aspect as if of premature
development,—a sort of would-be charac-
ter, and are wanting in defined lines and
determined strength, This circumstance
seems to prove, that it is a something
beside heat from which the autumnal cho-
lera and diarrhoea derive their existence,
although excessive heat has allowedly a
very considerable share in their produc-
tion. The treatment of course requires to
be varied with the varying character of
the disorder ; but, the tendency having been
for the most part more towards inflamma-
tion than cholera, the indications of re-
medy have been influenced by more than
common fears on the score of enteritis,
To the external application of castor oil
over the whole of the abdomen, the Re-
porter continues partial; and, although his
medical friends are for the most part
sceptical, in respect to the specific utility
of this drug thus administered, such scep-
ticism, the writer thinks, is the result (as
both in large and small concerns is but
too often the case,) of a negligent indis-
position to scrutinize and compare. This
oil, thus applied, is especially useful in the
complaints of children, in which the de-
sires of the practitioner are at once to
abate irritation, and prevent the secre-
tions from being arrested by the means
necessary for the removal of that irrita-
tion. The writer takes occasion to re-
mark, that opiates and preparations of
poppy, from having’ been too indnlgently
and indiscriminately had recourse to in
infantile ailments, are at present perhaps
too fearfully shunned. Far, very far, is
it from: his design or wish’ 'to advocate the
practice of quieting children for the sake
of causing quiet to the nurse, or of inti-
mating. the propriety of opium forming
part of the nursery implements for the
Tearing of the young. Indéed, it may be
considered that medicinal anodynes ought
to be left almost entirely to the expe-
rienced tact of the professional prescriber ;
yet it is often much better that a degree
of torpor should be induced by artificial
means, than that the little subject of com-
plicated irritation should wear itself down
into a still worse torpor by violent and
continued screaming.
It scarcely needs be said, that most of
the disturbances incident to infancy are
connected with a disordered action in the
stomach and bowels; and that the radical
remedies for these disorders ate those
which correct acidity, and excite more
healthy secretions. Magnesia in small
quantities can seldom be objected to, and
the occasional addition of four or five drops
of sal volatile will serve to assist the antacid
effect of the magnesia, while it will prove
a much safer means of correcting griping
than any thing of a spicy or spirituous na-
ture. For the purpose of gradually in-
fluencing the secreting organs, the writer
knows nothing better than the Hydrarg.
cum Creta of the London Pharmacopeia,
and he would almost limit his list of infan-
tine medicinals to the articles above men-
tioned; namely, castor oil, magnesia, sal
volatile, syrup of poppies, and the quick-
silyer with chalk.
Whether to wash very young children
with warm or cold water, is a question
which a medical practitioner will often-
times be called upon to answer; but it is
one which, like many other medicinal
questions, is insusceptible of a direct or
abstract reply. If the little subject of so-
licitude be robust, if there be no griping
or expression of intestinal ailment, and
while the skin is devoid of eruption, then
coldness will prove a salutary quality in
the water used for washing ; but, in spite
of her wish to render her offspring robust,
let the anxious mother desist from perse-
verance in her morning ablutions of cold
water, and use tepid water instead, should
bowel irritations prove urgent and obsti-
nate, should marks of weakness be promi-
nent, or should eruptions break out on the
surface of the skin. In this last case the
repellent effect of cold washing is parti-
cularly to be apprehended, as the skin
irritation is almost invariably vicarious of
internal disorder.
The “ childless wit” may be inclined to
ridicule the papa character of the present
paper, but the writer nevertheless fear-
lessly sends the above intimations into the
world from a consciousness that much mis-
take still obtains with respect to the most
common precepts by which children’s com-
plaints ought to be regulated, and from a
conviction that “mismanagement in the
dawn of life often overcasts its meridian
and its close with a cloud of misery, that
neither skill nor fortune can disperse.”
Small-pox continues dreadfully to in-
crease, particularly among the purlieus of
the poor. Oh! that some plan could be
devised,
1822,]
devised, consistent with the liberty of the
subject, to enforce universal vaccination !
Bedford-Row ; June 26. D. Uwins.*
* The Reporter has accidentally seen a
paper, that he understands is sent out by a
person calling himself Dr. Walker, with
charges of vaccine matter, in which his
(Dr. U.’s) name is introduced. He smiled
Commercial Report.
557
of course at the unexpected honour thus
done him, and only here condescends to
notice the thing under the feeling that,
from the bungling manner in which it is
managed, some readers might be ready to
infer that Dr. U. had expressed himself
unfriendly to vaccination, —a mistake
which it would be of importance to correct.
MONTHLY COMMERCIAL REPORT.
—
PRICES or MERCHANDIZE. May 24. June 21,
Cocoa, W.I.common --£3 0 O to 3 15 210 0 to 218 O perewt,
Coffee, Jamaica, ordinary 415 0 — 5 3 0 | 416 0 — 419 0 do.
fine ne 5 AL Oe 5 13 OS: 40 or Phebe OQ j.doe
—, Mocha .----»25 10 0 0 —15 0 0 113 0 0 —20 0 0 do.
Cotton, W.I.common-- 0 0 8 — 0 010 0 0 8— 0 0 95 per lb.
, Demerara:---*+ 0 0 93 — O LG 0 0 9 — 0 010 do.
Currants:-----.. svescee 518 O — 0 0.0 513 0 — 0 O O percewt.
Figs, Turkey «+--++---- $50— 4 4 0 216 9 — 319 0. do.
Flax, Riga --++.--++-.. 49 0 0 —50 0 0 |/49 0 0 — O 0 0 per ton.
Hemp, Riga, Rhine --.-11 0 0 —42 0 0|0 00 -— 00 0. do.
Hops, new, Pockets.--- 4 0 0 — 5 @ 0/]3 00 — 5 0 O perewt.
———_——.,Sussex,do, 310 9 — 4 0 0 215 0 — 310 0 do,
Tron, British, Bars .--- 810 0 — 910 9 | 810 0 — 8 15 0 per ton.
—————_, Pigs --++-- 6 0 9 — 610 0 510 0 — 610 0. do.
Oil, Lucca .-++--+e+2-- 39 0 0 — 0 0:0; 0 0 0 — O OO perjar.
—, Galipoli- seeresesee+ 60 0 O — 0 0 O 162 0 0 — O O O per ton.
Rags) .-ccsccecsseeeee 2 (1 O — O OVO O 118 0 — 0O 0 O perewt.
Raisins, bloomor jarynew 310 0 — 0 00)]85 5 0 — 0 0.0. do,
Rice, Patna kind --.--- 014 0 ~— 016 0 000 — 0 0 0. do.
——, East India---+.-+- 011 0 — 015 0 0110 —'013 0. do.
Silk, China, Taweesesees 018 1 — 11 5 1031— 1 010 per Ib.
——, Bengal, skein --+» 015 3 — 016 3 | 013 1 — 016 7. do,
Spices, Cinnamon ------ 0 7 7 — 07 9/]0 711 — 0 8 0. do.
Cloves -s+2e0es 0 5 8 — 03 9!}0 3.9 — 0:0 ..0. do.
——, Nutmegs +--+.» 0 3 9 — 0 310 ]0 3 8 — 0.0.0. do
, Pepper, black-- 0 0 72— 0-0 71} 0.0 7}— 0 0 0. do.
——____——, white-- 0 1 3EL— 014]041 33— 01 4 do,
Spirits, Brandy, Cogniaec 0 3 6 — 0 4+ 0|]0 3 3 — 0 3.6 perigal,
, Geneva Hollands 9 1 7 — 0 18/0 00— 0.00. do,
,»Rum, Jamaica:- 0 110 — 0 21/0110 — 0 2 0. do,
Sugar, brown:---++---- 216 0 — 216 0 | 211 0 — 216.0 percwt.
, Jamaica, fine ---- 3114 0 — 314 01] 3 8.0 — 312.0. do.
, East India,brown 014 0 — 1 0 0] 012 6 — 015 0. .do.
plump, fine.-ers2.5 4 4 0 — 412 0 | 4129 0 — 4.17 0.. do.
Tallow, town-melted:--» 118 0 — 000/00 0 — 0 0. 0 .,do,
- , Russia, yellow:- 116 0 — 00 01115 0 — 115 6. do.
Tea, Bohea:++-++«- sore O 25H — O QB 63 DZ 63 — 0 0 °0 perlb.
——, Hyson, best:----- 0 3 4— 903 8|]000 — 0 0 0..do.
Wine, Madeira, old ----22 0 0 —33 0 O |28 0 0 — 53 0 O perpipe
——, Port, old ---++--- 494 0 0 —55 0 0 |24 0 0 — 55 0 0. do.
——, Sherry --+*-+----25 0 0 —60 0 0 |25 0 O — 65,.0, O\per-butt
Premiums. of Insurance.—Guernsey or Jersey, 10s. 6d.—Cork. or Dublin, 10s. 6d.
—Belfast, 10s. 6d.—Hambro’, 7s. 6d. @ 10s,—Madeira, 15s. 9d. a 208, 0d,—Jamaica,
30s.—Greenland, out and home, 5 gs. to 8 gs. :
Course of Exchange, June 21,—Amsterdam, 12 9.—Hamburgh, 37,10,—Paris, 25 60.
—Leghorn, 474.—Lisbon, 514.—Dublin, 93 per cent. ;
Premiums on Shares and Canals, and Joint Stock Companies, at the Office of Wolfe and
_Edmonds’.—Birmingham, 6001.—Coyentry, 10001.—Derby, 1351,—Ellesmere,. 611.—
Grand Surrey, 55l.—Grand Union, 21/.—Grand Junction, 245/.—Grand Western, Si.
—Leeds and Liverpool, 360/.—Leicester, 300/.—Loughbro’, 34001—Oxford, 6701.—
Trent and Mersey, 1900/.—Worcester, 25l/.—East India Docks, 160/.—London,
1084/.—West India, 186/.—Southwark BriwéE, 211.'10s.—Strand, 5!.—Royal Exchange
EEO ANCE 2601.—Albion, 501—Globe, 1341—Gas Ligut Company, 711.—City
itto, 1131.
The 3 per cent. Reduced, on the 2ist was 804; 3 per cent. Consols, —; 4 per
cent, 97% ; 4 per cent. (1822) 98 ; 5 per cent. Navy, —.
Gold in bars, 31. 17s. 6d. per 0z.—New doubloons, 3/, 15s,—Silver in bars, 4s. 11d.
ALPHABETICAL
p> 383° 4
[July 1,
AveHaseticaL List or Bankrurtcies announced between the 20th of May,
and the 20th of June, 1822: extracted from the London Gazette.
—_—
BANKRUPTCIES, [This Month 106.]
Solicitors’ Names are in Parentheses.
ABBOTT, S. Cumming~-place, Pentonville, mer-
~ chant. Na and Co. L.
Baillie, J. Aylesbury-street, Clerkenwell,
founder, (Martindale
Bateman, A. Bristol, victualler. (Poole and Co. L.
Beaumont, T. S. and J. Leicester, baker. (Jeyes, L.
Bethell, T. Poole, painter. (Holme and Co,'L.
Bell, J. Suffolk-lane, wine-merchant. (Patterson
iron-
and Co.
Bishop, R. Aston road, Birmingham, brass-founder.
(Holme and Co. L.
Billington, ue Manchester, shopkeeper. (Adlington
aud Co. L,
Blyth, J. Wellington, Shropshire, draper. (Adling-
ton and Co. L,
Bolton, W. Banbury, and T. Bolton, Grimsbury,
Northamptonshire, coal-merchants. (Meyrick
and Co. L,
Boyd, S. C. Oxford, wine-merchant. (Bridger, L.
Bradbury, R. Stone, dealer. (Barber, L.
Bradshaw, J. Eccleshall, Staffordshire, butcher,
(Hubbard and Co. Cheadle
Brammall, G. Sheffield, merchant. (Duncan, L.
Breedan, W. and H. Ruddington, Nottinghamshire,
dealers in cattle. (Long and Co. L
Brook, me er peg Somersetshire, brewer, (Jenkins
an 0. ln
Cardwell, E. Thornhill, Yorkshire, iron-founder.
(Battye, L. hs
Celson, W. Plymouth, grocer. (Swain andCo. L.
Chasey, T. East Pennard, Somersetshire, butcher.
Burfoot, L. M
Chetham, J. Stockport, money-scrivener.
and Co, L,
Cobb, H. Graveney, Kent, farmer. (Lowe and Co.
Coburn, T, Witney, woolstapler. (Bousfield and Co.
Collins, J. and R. Capell, Northampton, carriers.
(Jeyes, L.
(Lowe
Collins, J. Vincent-place, City-road, broker.
(Fenton, L. +
Coppard, J. sen. Mitcham, drug-grinder. (Pocock
Courthope, F. W. Langbourn Chambers, timber-
merchant. (Pearson 7
Cox, J. Pensford, Somersetshire, mealman, (Dix, L.
Croxon, W. B. Burton, Latimer, Northamptonshire,
miller. (Nelson, L.
Dodd, J. and W. Kirkoswald, Cumberland, grocers.
(Battye, L.
Ellis, T. Crooked-Jane, drysalter. (Clutton and Co.
Fothergill, W: Cannon-street road, ship-owner.
(Nind and Co. L.
Fowler, J. S. and A. E. Liverpool,
CiByioe
Fulton, E, Barl-street, Blackfriars, coal-merchant.
(Bowman. ‘
Furlong, W. and J. Bristol, haberdashers. (Wil-
liams and Co. L, '
Gibson, W. and F. Tomm, Trinity-square, corn-
factors. (Parnther and Co. ;
Goodeve, W, D. Wimborne Minster, Dorsetshire,
brewer. (Minchen, L.
Gould, W. and F, Greasley, Maiden-lane, Wood-
Street, hosiers. (Arden
Goulden, J. Goulden-place,
enter, (Norton f 4
Gratton, J. Lapworth, Warwickshire,
(Edmunds, L.
Haines, J. Lubenham, Leicestershire, baker. (Mon-
trion and Co. L,
Hales, W. N. Bilston, Staffordshire, mercer. (Wil-
liams and Co. L.
Harman, J. Lower Thames-street, merchant.
(Clutton and Co. 4
Harris, N. Southampton, coach-master. (Wills
and Co. L.
Henderson, R. Lowthian Gill, Cumberland, corn-
merchants,
Hackney-road, car-
tanner,
dealer. (Addison and Co. L.
Heys, J. Stockport, draper. (Battye,L. _
Hirst, J, Aldmondbuwry, Yorkshire, | merchant.
“(Battye, L.
Holden, J. Manchester, calico-dealer. (Hampson
Holden, 0. Clitheroe, calico-manufacturer. (Hamp-
son and Co; Manchester q
Hoardman, R. Liverpool, merchant. (Adlington
and Co. L. .
Humphreys, W. Billesdon, Leicestershire, draper,
oore and Co. L.
Huntingdon, J. Snow-hill, jeweller. (Mayhew
Hughes, T. Grosvenor-row, Chelsea, linen-draper+
(Ponkin, L,
Husband, R. Plymouth, mercer, (Mackinson, L.
Ulin gor Ee A. Fowey, merehant. (Bourdillon
and Co. L. ;
Jackson, S. G.S. South Lynn, jobber. (Wright, L.
Jermyn, J. Yarmouth, merchant. (Swaine and Co,
Jenkins, T, Lianwithin, Glamorganshire. (Gregory
Johnson,W,. Gainsburgh, maltster, (Barnard and Co,
Johnson, 8. Skinner-street, Bishopsyate-street, cas
binet-maker. (Young
Joplin, J. Sunderland, linen-draper. (Bell and Co,
Jones, J. Coreley, Shropshire, lime-burner, (Billiard
and Co. L. ;
Kelson, T. Comb Down, Sornersetshire, farmer.
(Miller, L.
Kent, T. Kirton Holme, Lincolnshire, butcher.
(Jenkins and Co. L.
Large, J. Wootton Bassett, Wilts, banker. (Mullings
Latter, J. Windsor, oilman. (Hindmarsh, L,
Leigh, G. Wincham, Cheshire, dealer-in-coals.
(Meek, Betley
Lewis, R. King-street,
: Soho, chair-maker. (King
and Co,
Long, D. Andover, gun-maker. (Bousfield andCo.
Lowry, J. Bunker’s-hill, Cumberland, lead-ore
miner. (Clennell, L.
Lyall, G. North Shields, merchant. (Francis, L,
Maddock, C. F. Plymouth, linen-draper. (Hine, L.
Mathews, E. Col ege-hill Upper Thames-street,
merchant, (Ric lardson
rc ibe get - Lopvgham, Hants, maltster.
(Parr, Ringwood
Murrow, T. Liverpool, money-scrivener. (Pritt
Naish, F. Tiverton, Somersetshire, clothier. (Adling-
ton and Co. L.
Newton, T. Holbeach, Lincolnshire, and W. New-
ton, Norfolk, jobbers and wool-buyers, (Willis
an 0, Li
Olley, T. Clare, Suffolk, inaltster. (Stevens
Paradise, J. Newcastle-street, Strand, jeweller.
(Rosser 9
Pelerin, H. F. Lloyd’s Coffee-house, insurance-
. broker. (Evans :
Piell, W. Bromyard, Herefordshire, builder. .(Wil-
liams and Co. L,
Penvold, W. Clutton, Somersetshire, builder,
(Burfoot, L.
Pickman, W. East Isley, Berks, grocer. (Wilde
and Co. L. 7
Port, F. J. repetey, Staffordshire, druggist. (Stocker
and Co, L. Ky
Potts, W. Sheerness, linen-draper. (Osbaldestone.
and Co, L.
Probyn, J. M. Long-lane, Bermondsey, surgeon.
(Niblett, L.
Quilter, H. Leicester, victualler. (Holme and Co. _
Raine, J. Great Coram-street, merchant, (Wake,
Sheffield !
Ralfs, J. Fresliwater, Isle of Wight, corn-dealer.
(Sewell and Co, Newport Es
Rashbrook, W. Lavenham, Suffolk, farmer. (Chilton
Ridley T., J. Brown, and W, Sawport, South Blyth,
Northumberland, brewers. (Francis,L.
noes J. Old Broad-street, merchant. (Knight
and Co.
Saunders, J. Holland-strect, Bankside, factor
(Hutchinson a
Shipway, T. Tidworth, Warren Farm, Hampshire,
sheep-dealer. (Bousfield and Co, L.
Sporr, M. North Shields, upholsterer. (Francis, L.
Staham, fs id pear: Lancashire, dyer. (Appleby
and Co. L.
Stonall, G. Box, Wiltshire, tailor. (Poole and Co.
Trige, H. and J. Ratcliffe, Hertford, timber-mer-
chants, (Hewitt
Twycross, J. Westbourn, Sussex, fell-monger. (Ste-
vens and Co. L. : : :
Tyler, W. Kimbolton, Huntingdonshire, currier.
(Forbes, L.
Watson, W. Chelsea, brewer. (Vandercom, L, .
Willing, S: Plymouth, corn-merchant, (Wright, L.
Wilson, T. S. Methley, Yorkshire, maltster.
(Scatchard, Halifax
Wood, W. Brumby, Lincolnshire, jobber. (Mason
Worthington, B. Stangate-street, Lambeth, brewer.
James
vouses W. North Bank, near Regent’s Park, and J.
Green, Camden Town, exeayators. (Carlon, L.
Young, D, Leeds, merchant, (Tottie and Co. .
DIVIDENDS.
1822.]
Abraham and Levy, Bath
Ambrose, W. Clapton
Anderson, A. and G. Wilson,
Philpot-lane
Armstrong, J. North Wuarnbo-
rough, Hants
Ayton, I: and J. Sanders, New-
castle-upon-Tyne
Batten, L. St. Alban’s
Beaufoy, J. Meriden, Warwicksh.
Bessell, C. Prospect-place, Surrey
Benson, J. Birmingiiam
Bedwith, T. Shropshire
Bivg, J. and C. Hatfield
Bird, T. Solihut Lodge,
wickshire
Booth, W. and R. Bishopwear-
mouth
Boullen, P. Norton Falgate
Bramall, J. Mossley
Brittain, B. Sawbridgeworth
Brown, J. Canterbury
Card, J. Fitzroy-square
Chaplin, D. Haverhills, Suffolk
Clarke, Buckden, Huntingdonsh.
Clame, J. Camberwell
Cobham, W. jun. and T. Jones,
Ware
Cook, J. Helmsley, Yorkshire
Cooke, T, and M. E. Brennan,
Strand
Cooper, R. Stratford
Crossland, S. Liverpool
Crump, J. Birmingham
Curtis, J. Fordingbridge, Hants
Doorman, C. C, Wellclose-square
Douthatt, S. Liverpool
Driver, J. and M. Bristol
Durrant, W. Finsbury
Ellis, R. Dean-street, Southwark
Biphick, W. Westham
Evans, 8. Bristol
Eyre, W. Cockspur-street
Félham,T, Essex-buildings, Strat-
ford
Forbes, J. and D. Gregory, Al-
dermanbury
Forster, T.William-st. Newington
Freame, T. Worcester
Fiiend, T. E.H. ani W. J. Sun-
_ derland
Farness, J. Liverpool
George, W. Haymarket
Gotoded, W. Stretham, Ely |
Goodwin, P. Llanrwst, Denbigh-
shire
Greayes, W. H..Philpot-lane
Greaves, A. Queen-st. Cheapside
Greenwood, T. jun. Preston
Gregory, J. Blackwall
Hampson, R. and T. Liverpool
Hamilton, W. and M, Ayar,
BRiches-court, Lime-street
Hartland, J. Gloncester
Hawkins, W. T. and J, Bir-
miogham
MONTHLY
War-
Agricultural [eporé.
DIVIDENDS.
Hassell, J, Richard-st. Islington
Hayzelden, W. Milton, Kent
Hammerich, J. W. Liverpool
Hicks, J. Leeds
Hill, 1. Hope, Derbyshire
Hirst, J. Tower-street
Hopwood, W. T. J. jun. and J.
Horwich, Lancashire
Hopper, C, Little Trinity-lane
Humphreys, S. Charlotte-street,
Portland-place
Jacob, E. Liantrissent, Glamor-
ganshire
Jennings, C. Portsea
Johnstone, J. Liverpool
Kelty, A. Colonade, Pall Mall
King, W. Birmingham
Knowles, J. and H. Walker,
Salford
Lace, S. Liverpool
Lavers, J. Kingsbridge, Deyonsh.
Leigh, S. Strand
Lilly, N. Leeds
Lincoln, R. St. James’s-street
Lowes, G. Commercial-buildings,
Mincing Jane
Mackavoy, H. King-st. Greenwich
M' Kay, R. Knutsford
Maltby, W. jun. and W. Thorpe,
jun. Bath
M‘Mullen, W. G. and &. Herttord
Maitland, D. New Bridge-street
Marfitt, R. Pickering, Yorkshire
Martin, C. Great Yarmouth
Mayher, E. and J. Keeling, Staf-
fordshire
Mason, E.Worcester, and J. Penn,
Lane End, Birmingham
Melton, M. and T. Highgate
Mitchell, J. Essendon, ertford-
shire *
Mitchell, S. Dorking
Mills, S. Stamford
Molong, M. City-road
Mulligan, T. Bath
Mumby, R. Glamford Briggs,
Lincolnshire ;
Needham, R. Queen’s-buildings,
Brompton-road
Newcomb, W. Wood-st. Cheapside
Oake, G. R. Circus, Minories
Palmer, T. Gutter-lane
Parkinson,G. Failworth, Lancash,
Perkins, T. Manchester
Pickering, J. Woburn-place, Rus-
sell-square
Pitt, R. Hallow, Worcestershire
Prentice, W, Southwark
Price, T. Rodborough, Glouces-
tershire
Polglasse, J. Bristol
Pridham, J. Exeter
Purkis, W. Portsmouth
Ratcliffe, J. Manchester
Reid, W. sen. Rosamond-street,
Clerkenwell
559
Reynolds,R. Shobrooke, Deyonsh.
Reynolds, W, late of the ship
Orient
Richards, J. E. C. and J. jun.
_ St.:Martin’s-lane
Richardson, G. Mecklenburgh-
square, and T. Yokes, Glou-
_ cester-street, Queen-square
Rist, C. Cornhill
Rolland, F. St. James’s-street
Royle, J. F. Pall Mall
Sallows, R, Hadleigh, Suffolk
Sandbach, J. Bird’s-buildings,
Islington
Scott, J. Huddersfield
Sill, J. and W. Watson, Liverpool
Smith, J. Shrewsbury
Snouggs, J. W. A. and J. Walley,
ime-street
Steen, J. Fenchurch-street
Stein, J.. T. Smith, R. Stein, J,
Stein, and R, Smith, Fen.
church-street
Sudlow, W. Manchester
Sumner, C, C. Hillingdon
Surrey, J. and J. Mark-lane
Sweet,C. NorthTawton, Devonsh.
Tarlton, J. Liverpool
Taylor, FE. Adlington
Thompson, G. Preston
Thompson, T. Camomile-street
Threlfall, H. Blackburn
Thurton, J. March, Isle of Ely
Thomas, B. Newport, Monmouth-
shire
Tickall, J. Crosthwaite, Cum-
berland
Tipping, T. Warrington
Todd, S. Southampton
Treherne, J. St. Martin’s-street,
Leicester-square
Tucker, E. Deptford
Warne, W. Bedford-street, Co-
vent-garden
Warner, R. Huntingdon
Warner, A. St. Catharine-street,
Tower
Watkins, W. Norton, Worcestersh.
Watson, J. Holwich, Yorkshire
Watts, W, Gosport
Wathen, ©. Salters’-hall court
Welsh, W. Liverpool
Webb, W. and H. Bristol
Williams, J. Bishopsgate-street
within
Wilson, W. Gateshead
Wilson, D. and A. Gresdale,
Manchester
Wilson, R. Clement’s-lane
Woodcock, W. Preston
Woodhouse, T. Nottingham
Wynde, J. Leominster
Young, P. jun. and R. Anderson,
W apping
Young, I’. Machen, Monmouthsh,
Zachary, H. Lawrence-laue.
AGRICULTURAL REPORT.
a
INCE our last Report, the aspect of
the country, in all its productions,
has been considerably reduced in verdure
and luxuriance, by almost constant
drought, and excessive solar heat, alter-
nating with chilling easterly winds. Thun-
der-storms have been frequent, but the
accompanying showers lave not been suf-
ficient. to moisten beyond the surface of
the earth, or effectually nourish the vege-
table roots.. “Ihe autumnal wheats, with
the usual local exceptions, will be a great
crop, perhaps considerably beyond an
average, and the harvest as early as in the
most favourable years. We do not recol-
lect to have seen the wheat in bloom ear-
lier; that critical process is now past on
the best lands, where wheat, should not
unfavourable weather intervene, will be
cut in the middle of next month. Spring
wheat, not so usual a crop as formerly,
partakes of the ill success of the other
Jent corn crops, from the want of rain;
and, should the same defect continue,
those crops must be generally light at har-
vest. ‘Ihe perpetual atmospheric changes
have had their invariable effect on the
corn, from its grass to its present state;
and the wheats have universally the blue
tinge, with the spotted and striated leaf,
the ears also being mostly discoloured.
How far this may be productive of disease
2 1s,
560
is usually uncertain, dependant, probably
on circumstances,, Some complaints still
continue of the roughness and intractable
state of the clays and heavy land fallows,
which had no winter frosts to mellow and
render them’ friable. The consequence
will’ be‘not only a bad tilth, but super-
abundant crop'of couch grass for future
seasons. Turnip-sowing (few Swedes this
year,) has been in full progress; but,
should the drought continue, there will be
no want of fly. On good and moist soils
the potatoes look blooming and luxuriant ;
on those of an arid description, the crop
will be greatly defective: they are, how-
ever, cheaper now in some parts of England
than ever before known. Sheep-shearing
chas been universally early, and most suc-
cessful. The wool, having had no impe-
diment to its growth from the rigours of
winter, and the sheep having been well
kept, their fleece was early ripe, weighs
well, and is full of condition, Notwith-
standing the want of rain, the crops of
grass, natural and artificial, with some
failures, were never earlier or heavier, nor
the hay better preserved, or of a more nu-
tritious quality, being full of seed. Hops,
with all the usual defects of an uncertain
season, are likely to prove a heavier crop
than may be agreeable to some consider-
able holders. Many farmers, who conti-
nue the old practice of broad-casting beans,
will find the present season a corrective
one. Soiling cattle and horses has been
very successful, The advance on lean
stock has continued, whilst the depression
of price in meat and corn has been regu-
larly progressive, forboding a still farther
and perhaps considerable decline. Milch
cows are cheaper ; pigs and pork below
every thing else in price. In a consider-
Political Affairs in, June.
{July 1,
able number, of counties, the. reports, are
favourable, as respects the labourers,—
plenty of employ, and no reduction of
wages ; which, together with the cheapness
of necessaries, has greatly and happily re-
duced the ‘poortrates. Remarkable’ that
the accounts are) not so satisfactory from
some of the richest and most fertile coun-
ties, as from those of a directly opposite
description, ‘Apples, are, said to’ promise
abundantly, and the crops of pears, to tbe
somewhat better than was expected in the
spring, Letters from. Scotland do, not
speak very highly of the corn crops ; wheat
most promising. The corn-markets, weary
of the dominion of currency, have lately
agreed to be governed by the weather;
and a certain sect, styled political econo-
mists, have succeeded, in the ‘variable
market of opinion, to all the odium conse-
quent on our agricultural distress.—Days
of uninterrupted sun-shine began in ‘the
middie of May, and the thermometer ave-
raged from 62 to 65; but from-June 1 to
26, it averaged from 68 to. 75, and in. the
sun was from 100. to 108, though in, the
night it fell to 50, and often to 40.. Of
rain there has been two or three showers,
and one thunder-storm. 8 fd
Smithfield :—Beef, 2s. to 3s. 2d.~-Mut-
ton, 2s. 4d. to 2s. 8d—Lamb, 4s: 6d, to
5s. 6d.—Veal, 3s. to 4s.—Pork, 9s. 4d.
to 3s.—Dairy pork, 3s. 6d. to 48.—Raw
fat, 2s. wes baits
Corn Exchange:—W heat, 28s. to 60s.—
Barley, 18s. to 26s.—Oats, 17s. to, S0%—>
The quartern loaf in London, 94d.—Hay,
60s. to 86s.—Clover do. 685. to, 953—=
Straw, 28s. 6d. to 48s. ;
Coals in the pool, 36s. to 48s, eae
Middlesex ; June 25. ‘
POLITICAL AFFAIRS IN JUNE.
ie nel
GREAT BRITAIN.
HE past has been a month of
great agitation! A population
in an extremity of relative distress,
with an inefficient Parliament, and
crowds of state and political quacks,
tendering their nostrums, and abusing
the anxiety of the people.
“All kinds of real property are de-
preciated with reference to money.
Land lets for half the rent of seven
years ago. Houses in the best situa-
tions in London fetch no premiums,
and let at reduced rents. Country-
houses and mansions may be. had for
two-thirds. Agricultural produce sells
for half; manufactured goods are ge-
nerally lowered thirty-five or forty per
cent.; shipping property is reduced
one-half ; colonial property even to a
third ; and nothing keeps up but the
stocks, debts, bills of exchange, mort-
gages, and the interest of debts. Re-
gular industry therefore is baffled, and
personal prosperity is become a spe-
cies of lottery.
Asa means of simultaneously depre-
ciating money, the Bank of England
have agreed to discount approved
bills. at. ninety-six days for four per
cent. ; and it is understood that the
bankers will discount good bills on
the same terms. There will conse-
quently be a market-price of four, per
cent. and a legally attainable price of
five cent. on long-dated or second-rate
bills, as the parties agree. We anti-
cipate much commercial benefit from
the arrangement, and prefer it infi-
nitely to the dangerous experiment of
repealing the Usury Laws. Let us
hope it will pave the way to a reduc-
tion of interest of the stocks, and other
debts, one per cent.—a concession as
necessary
1822.]
necessary to the ultimate security of
the public and private creditor, as it
is indispensable to the reduced means
of the nation, and of individuals.
In the Chronology we have briefly
noticed tne varicus propositions dis-
cussed in Parliament, with the divi-
sions on them. Public gratitude at-
tends thé exertions of Messrs. Hume,.
MackintosH, Broucuam, BENNETT,
and WEsTERN, in one House; and the
Lords LAanspowne, HoLianp, and
Grey, in the other House. They have
warned and instructed ministers, if
they have notimproved their practices,
In truth, when Parliament met six
months ago, the hopes of all England
were directed towards it for measures
of relief; but, after various plans
ostentatiously brought forward, the
session is about to terminate without
ANY ONE HEALING MEASURE BEING
ADOPTED; and ministers seem utterly
unable to suggest any plan calculated
to remove or palliate the diseases of
the nation. Shifts, evasions, promises,
and idle projects, have been brought
forward and abandoned; but nothing
statesman-like, or founded on great,
principles; and evils are left to work
their own cure, or find their own level,
whatever may be the intermediate
consequences and suffering.
. Nothing even has been done for Ire-
land, except by public sympathy work-
ing against the stream of a bad sys-
tem. On this 25th of June, the na-
tional subscription for the Irish, impo-
verished by tithes and high rents,
amounts to above 100,000/.; and,
while we rejoice in announcing this
fact, we should rejoice in a ten-fold
degree if we could announce a general
amelioration of the tithe-system, and
some legislative regulation of the hor--
rid rack-rent system, by which from
5l. to 101. per acre is extorted for land
remote from large cities.
Some anxiety was created within
the month by news of the interrup-
tion of trade with China. The Topaze
frigate had had a quarrel, and killed,
two Chinese; on which the local go-
vernment properly suspended all in-
tercourse ; but it is understood that the
affair is in train of adjustment.
Another attempt is making to re-
pass the ignominious Alien Law, as
tribute to the Holy Alliance,—which,
not satisfied with money, demands the
sacrifice of our national honour and
independence !
FRANCE.
The revenue and expenditure of
Monty Maa, No. 369.
Political Affairs in June.
561
France has been laid before the French
Chamber of Deputies. The. esti-
mated .revenue for 1823 amounts to
909,130,783 francs, or 36,365,2311, ; the
estimated expenditure to 900,475,503
francs, or 36,019,0111.; and this latter
estimate includes the interest of her
debt, which amounts only to 228,724,260
francs, or 9,148,9701.
Nevertheless, France is in a very
precarious state, owing to the dis-
pensing with the Charter, and to the
superstitious and insidious policy of
the court. :
SPAIN.
We subjoin an official report of the
Cortes on the villainous intrigues of
which Spain is the silent and secret
victim. In France the attack was hy
open assault; but, experience having
proved the error of that system, Spain
is assailed by sap-and-mine. The
Cortes seem, however, aware of their
danger, and we hope they feel also
that the attention of the civilized
world is upon them. The fanatics and
hired agents, having taken the field in
Catalonia, have been dispersed by the
encrgy of the constitutional troops.
But there is deep play on the French
frontiers ; and we suspect, in the end,
the Bourbons will find that they have
been playing with edged tools in more
senses than one.
The following Message has been
addressed to the King of Spain, re-
specting the situation of the country :
_ “Sine,—The representatives of the
Spanish nation assembled in Cortes for
the present year, 1822, are overcome with
grief at the prospect of the dreadful evils
which afflict the country ; it has honoured
them with the greatest confidence in con-
fiding to them the care of its destinies, and
they. would show themselves unworthy of
so high a favour, if they did not raise
their voices to the august throne of your
Majesty, in order to unveil to the Con-
stitutional King the dangers which inenace
this heroic nation.
The language of truth is the only one
which ought to be addressed to Kings who
reign by the law; and.who, bearing it al-
ways in their hearts, aspire to nothing but
the happiness of those they govern, | Sire,
this heroic nation is already fatigued by
the continual attacks of wicked men, and
by the blows they unceasingly aim at its
wise Institutions, It does not fear any
attack in this respect, but it is irritated, it
is exasperated, and the Cortes and the
Constitutional King ought to tranquillize
it, to secure its repose, to put an end to
the conspiracies which are on foot, and to
revent the horrors that are meditated,
It is now two years, Sire, since your
4B Majesty,
Be
562
Majesty, as the father of (the speople, de-
termined to: contribute: to: them happiness
—swore freely, and of:all) your own will,
to the political Constitution of the Spanish
monarchy.) On the: memorable: day when
your Majesty took a stepso eminently
glorious, all:those: Spaniards who love their
King and) theit liberty; delivered) them-
selves up to the! most flattering hopes ; an
event, as giand a8 unexpected, astonished
Europe, overthrew the enemies of man-
kind, and compressed the fiercest passions.
Who. was not then ready to believe that it
was the moment the best chosen, and the
best ‘combined, to secure for ever the
telicity, the glory, the grandeur, and the
power of the nation, which appeared to
be dying and in despair? But, Sire, we
are, alas! very far from having reaped the
advantages which that happy nioment pro-
mised us,
Soon was developed the dreadful design
of .arresting the progress of liberty and
intelligence—the most innocent and. the
most legal assemblies were denounced: as
criminal, and the most illustrious patriots
were persecuted with deadly hatred.
Sire, the Spanish nation regards its li-
berty as attacked—seeing with what slow-
ness those who openly combated it are
proceeded against and the insolence of
the enemies of its Constitution, in speaking
openly of their sinister projects, and in
chanting already their next victory.
Sire, the Spanish nation sees with dis-
content.and bitterness the administration
of some of its provinces. confided to in-
experienced, hands—to. individuals who
are not liked by the people.—The impunity
of real criminals, the unjust and arbitrary
prosecutions, produce great scandal, aug-
ment the anxiety of the good, and may
have melanclioly consequences.
And what will be the danger to the pub-
lie huis Se if to these distrusts which
afflict the natioi—to these fears which
surround; it—to these discontents which
devour, it—should be joined the machi-
nations, and the efforts of persons who un-
fortunately have most. influence on the
simple class, and deceive the nation. The
Cortes point out’ to you, Sire, those mi-
nisters of the sanctuary; those ambitious
prelates ; those men, who, ‘having quitted
the world and. its ‘interests | to: consecrate
themselves to prayer and to virtue, now
trample, under, foot, the, morality of the
gospel, the spirit of true religion, and the
doctrine of peace of their diyine master—~
abusing the august and sacred functions
of the priesthood, to sow superstition and
disobedience. © bi
All that we liave stated to yon, Sire, is
but too’ fully proved ‘by the’ different fac-
tions which’ appear siniultaneously in
Catalonia, where the events are of such a
nature that it is borible to recal them,
and the pen refuses to narrate them.
When the tranguillity of the State is on
Political Affaits in June.
[July 1,
the: point of ‘being entirely annihilated, if.
any prompt and efficacious remedy cau be
suggested, the Cortes’ wonld be wanting
in the most sacred of their duties, which
isto labour-for the preservation and the’
happiness of the heroic and unfortunate
nation whieh they represent, if ‘they were’
not to address your Majesty with all due
respect, but with the energy which is snit-
able to the-deputies of a free people, to’
pray, that, witha strong hand, the roots of:
so many misfortunes—of so many dangers, -
may be torn up, giving with all the vigotr
and the power granted by the law, anew
and strong impulse to the government, ‘in
order that it may proceed with more liax-
mony, in unison with ‘public opinion,
which rules the world, and the progress’
of which men can néver arrest. AG
To consolidate that opinion, Sire, whicly
only now. consists‘in loving the Constitu-
tion to which we have sworn, ‘and whiclr
will be consolidated by frankness and good
faith, all Spaniards should) be’ persuaded
that. their Government jis identified with
the cause of liberty, and that the Throne
and the National Representation form an
indissoluble league, a barrier of” brass)
against which would ‘be ‘broken’ the’ pro-
jects and conspiracies “of ‘all’ those who;
under whatever mask, wish to‘despoil'us
of the valuable treasure of our guarantées
Let the people see power confided’ to
men who love the public liberty ; let -the
entire nation see that the title and virtues
of atrue patriot form the only right, the
only way to the presence of your Majesty,
to. deserve favour and obtain honours;
and that all the rigour of justice and royal
indignation may fall on the wicked who
dare to profane your, Majesty’s august and,
sacred name to oppress the country, and
liberty.
This is what the Cortes expect and de-
sire. ‘They supplicate your Majesty to
cause those apprehensions to cease, of
which we are the victims, and to ‘prevent
the evils with which we are: threatened,
by ordering that the volunteér’ national
militia may be immediately augmented
and ‘armed tliroughont the kingdom, for
the citizens armed for the defence of their
homes and their liberty, are the firmest™
supports of the Constitution; that ‘with
équal promptitude the permanent arniy
may be’ organised—that army, so worthy
of the’ gratitude ‘of your Majesty and’ of
the scountry,°and whose’ exploits “and vir
tues are ‘the ‘admiration of the universe?
At ‘the ‘same ‘time the Cortes hope’ that
your Majesty ‘will’ make known ‘to’“alk
foreign gevetninents who directly or in-
directly Wish'to interfere in our domestic
affairs, that the nation is not in a’ sitnation:
to receive Jaws, that it has strengtti and
resources to cavise them to be respected;
and that if it has beev enabled to defend
its independence and its King with glory :
it is with tue same glory, and with still
gteater
1822,]
greater efforts, that it will always defend
its King and its liberty. x
. Fhe. Cortes are, persuaded, : that! -your
Majesty, will adopt }the, most ) energetic
measures to repress the misconduct of.
functionaries who trespass (on) and abuse
their. powers, aad to exterminate the fac-
tious ;wherever-they may appear. The
Congress flatter themselves, that with re-
gard. to, Ecelesiasties and Prelates, who
preach fanaticism» and. rebelliun, your
Majesty will take measures so energetic
and so efficacions, that they will disappear
terrified from the soil-of Spain, never to
retuyn to-blow-the fire of discord; and light
up-the torches of snperstition.
- ;
Such have been the labours of your-Re-
presentatives. ‘bey trust they have ful-
filled your intentions ; on you, ‘therefore,
depends what is. still, wanting: to: conso-
lidate Columbia, and raise her to the high
rank of strength and, prosperity to, which
she is destined. Live in intimate and
brotherly union, befriend eacli other, and
admit not into your hearts either jealousy
or rivalship. ‘Dhese: are the) fatabi arms
your enemies have’ unceasingly wielded,
in order to: spread discord among: you:
Union will make: you: stvong, and )put an
end to a crrel war of eleven yéars? duras
tion. Dissention will deprive youof® ree
pose, and. of: the genuine benefits*to be
derived from society. United you‘are ine
vincible—disunion is the only enenly you
have to fear.
Obey, therefore, those laws) you yours
selves have framed, for they were dictated
by your representatives, and duly respect
those magistrates elected) by) your ‘own
suffrages. Think of the glory that will bé
rendered to Columbia, if your haj)piness
and welfare are secured, . Rememiber, ‘that
nothing, at its commencement, ‘is' perfeet,
and that the influence of timé and expe-
rielice is powerful. Law is the boundary
of freedom, and this disappears when the
laws become nerveless. - A free’ press,
that precious gift inseparable from justice
and civil liberty, is the proper’ medinm
for fixing the opinions ahd expressing the
sentiments. of a free people. Use it with
that moderation which is preseribed*by thé
laws, and thus will you preserve your own
rights, unimpaired... ‘You will restrain
your rulers within the’ limits of their au-
thority, and you will acquire the ap-
provements suggested by-experience aud
necessity,
Your representatives will acquaint you
with the motives by which they have been
influenced in what they have done; they
will explain what-you do not understand;
and make known to you the causes of
their decisions, They will act.so.as. to
merit your confidence; and their candour
and good faith will tranquillize you.
Disregard; then, the clamours of ignos
rance and fanaticism.—These weapons
aim at your disunion; they would bring
: you
1822.]:
you back to dependence-and:slavery, and
promote your debasement and oppression.
To these the efforts of your enemies still
tend. >Possibly they wilkotell you “that
Congress ‘has sought ‘to.dissemnvate im=
piows and irreligious: maxims; but: know
that they have merely sought to free re-
ligion from the abuses under whielr it la-
houtedy: without touching its. ésseutial
poitsy® The vod of these instigators is
interest; and their religion is reduced to
the! idolatroas worship of their own pre-
jidices, = Jndge the Congress by their
works, compare these .with your own
wisties and wants, and then conclude for
yourselves.) He who seeks to disunile
you, is yourenemy, and you should repel
hinmas ia disturber of the publie peace.
Congress: has been actuated by no other
‘INCIDENTS, MARRIAGES, anp
Incident sin-and:near London,
565
than ‘the ‘anxious: wish ‘of rendering’ you
happy. ‘To do this, it adopted those very
principles which you. yourselves long ago
promulgated, and which have uniformly
constituted the happiness of other nations,
Possibly it may not have accomplished alt
that couldybe wished; but, it. can assure
you, it has done allthat was in its’ power.
Your welfare waSiits only object, and«this
satisfaction ‘is the ouly recompense: it
expects. ; J
The Portuguese legitimates seem
anxious to make a‘stand:' in Brazil;
but continued insurrections in ‘the
large cities demonstrate that the Bra-
zilians will set up a free government,
like the other .divisions of South
America,
DEATHS IN and near LONDON,
With Biographical Memoirs of distinguished Characters recently deceased.
“(CHRONOLOGYOF THE. MONTH.
/PAY. the 27th—A> niet took -place
among. some drunken workmen in
Peter-street, Westminster, im which up-
wares of 200\persons commenced a yene-
ral attack upon tle houses in that neigh-
beurhood.. Tie. Westminster police were
calledsout, the ‘Riot Act read, and thirty-
four ofthe rioters were secured,
— 29th. The Society for the Encon-
ragement, of Artsy Maunfactures, and
Commerce, heldits anntial mecting for the
Sielapbnticninf rewards, for the first time,
ip, Drery, Lane ‘Yieatre. The Duke of
Sussex presided,a great number of prizes
were distributed to. meritorious persons ;
and tha spectacle, altogether, was interest-
ing and imposing.
o> 29. A general court of the East
India, Company proprietors was held this
day, for Jaying before them the unanimous
resolution of ‘thanks, voted by the Conrt
of Directors to the Marquis of Hastings,
Goveraor-General of Bengal, &c. which
was agreed to in the following terms, and
which we are justified in adding, expresses
also the voice of tie whole nation:
_ Atageveral Court of Proprietors, held on Wed-
: nesday the 29th of May, 1822:—
‘Resolved ‘unanimously—‘‘ That this Court most
cordially concur with the Coust of Directors, in thejr
estimation of the unremitting zeal, and eminent
ability, ‘witty which the most noble the Marquis
Hastings has; during va period of pearly nine years,
administered the government of Pritish India with
such high credit ta himself, and ddvautage to the
interests of the’ East India Compiny.
o* Dhat this Gourt, referring to the sentiments exe
p ‘essed by themselves, and the Court of Directors,
in December, 1816, dn retuining thanks to Lord
Hastings; for his skiiful ands successful operations
ip the War acainst Eis. Nenauless fo their resolue,
On of the Sd of February, 1319, recognizing the
ioe a“ ‘enerky of ose measures, which ex-
Ungrlished a great predatory. power that hadjesta >
blished itself in the heart of Hindovstan, whose
existence, experience liad shown to be alike iicom-
patiple with the security of the Company’s posses
si §,and the general Hang wil ity of India;. apr
lauding, at the same time, the foresight, prom pti-
fude, and vigour, with which hisdordship, by a comé
—<_—
bination of military with political talents, had anti-
cipated and encountered the proceedings of an hos-
tile confederacy among the Mahratta States, de-
feated their armies, reduced them to submissjon,
and materially Jessened their means of future ag-
gression; réferring also to the resolution: of | the
Court of Directors, of the 10th March, 1619, ir which
they appeal, at the close of two glorious and suc-
cessful wars, to the Records of the East India Com-
pany, forthe great services which his lordship’siune
wearied assiduity and comprehensive knowledge of
the Company’s affairs had enzbled hm to render to
its most important interests: this Court’ cannot
bei wit the highest satisfaction, witness their exe-
cu'ive authorily again coming forward at the termi-
nation of a caréer so uSe‘ul and brilliant, to express
and promulgate theirsense of hislordship’s exalted
merit, and their deep regret, that domestic circum-
stances should withdraw him from the government
of their Asiatie territories. HE 4
“That this Court strongly paricipate in that
regret, andrequest the Court of Directors to convey
to the Marquis of Hastings, governor-general and
commancer-in-chief, these expressions of their uns
feigned admination, gratitude, and applause.’? in
— 30. A maguificent fete, given at the
Opera House, tor the relief of the dis-
tressed Trish peasantry, which was at-
tended by all the rank and fashion of the
meiropolis, and by the king and branches
of the royal family. neha oo
— 31. Mr. Scarlett moved the second
reading of the Poor Removal Bul, in the
House of Commons; but, ona division, it
was negatived by a majority of sixteen.
Jie 4. Sir James Mackintosh brought
forward lis motion in the Flonsé of Com.
mons on the barbarous state of the Cri-
minal Laws ; and, after a powerful speech,
moved “ that the House’ shonld, early in
the next session, take into considera.
‘icn the means of giving greater eiliciency
to the Crimiaal Law, by abating the pre-
sent undue rigour of punishment, by im-
proving the state of the police, and by es-
tablishing a new system of transportation
and tnprisonment.” ‘The proposition was
nevatived by a majority of sixteen,
— ‘4. The anniversary of the Horticul.
tural Society was this’ day celebrated at
the Freemason’s Tavern. The dessert
presented a rich display of fine-grown
fruits,
7
566
fruits, among which were four magnificent
pine-apples, weighing together32\b.10.0z.
— 5. ‘The Regents’) Canal Company
held their half-yearly, meeting this day.
The quantity of the tonnage for 1821,'‘con="
veyed. on the canal, amounted to 157,000
tons, being an increase) of 43,000 tons on
the corresponding five months of the pre
ceding year. :
.—. 6. A court of Common Council was
held this,;day, to take into consideration
the Report of the Committee on the erec-
tion of a new. London Bridge. The Re-
port stated, that the Committee of the
House of Commons had come toa resolu-
tion, reqnesting the Coxporation to adver-
tize. for plans for>the erection of a new
‘bridge of five arches... Mr...Oldham
moved several resolutions expressive of
the opinion of the court, that a new bridge
‘was unnecessary, which were carried. A
new bridge is, nevertheless, to be erected
forthwith, and isa most desirable object.
— 6. A fire broke,out on the premises
of Mr. Briggs, a tallow-chandler in Old
Gravel-lane, Ratcliffe Highway, by which
the dwelling-house, and an extensive line
of workshops, &c. were destroyed.
— 7. Mr. Cooper, in the conrt.of King’s
Bench, moved for a rule, callivg on the
sheriffs of London to account for Mr.
Carlile’s. property, seized by them for
fines of 1,500), in 1819, On sentences
being passed of three years’ imprisonment,
and fines of 1,5001., the sheriff, one Roth-
well, quitted ‘the court, and proceeded
with his deputy: and officers to Carlile’s
shop, seized his entire stock, and conveyed
it to Chancery-lane, where it has remained
since, The surviving sheriff, Mr. Parkins,
has been served with a copy of a writ by
Mr. Canlile’s attorney. It is an obvious
inconsistency, that the whole of a man’s
property should be taken from him in
liquidation of a fine, and that he should
also be confined till'the fine is paid.
— 10. Theale of the splendid furni-
ture of Wanstead-house commenced this
day. For three weeks previous, npwards
of 5,000 persons had: daily viewed the pro-
perty. The catalogue is in three ‘4to,
parts of 130. pages each, and. the sale
extends to thirty-two days.
— 11. Mr. Western’ bronght forward
his. motion ‘in the House of Commons,
“relative to the resumption ‘of ‘cash pay-
ments as the cause of agricultural: dis-
tress ;” and, after an able speech, moved
that a committee be appointed to consider
the effect of that Act on.the general con-
dition of the country: »/Phediseussion was
adjourned to the following, day, ‘when: his
motion for a committee was negatived by
a majority of 134. ;
— 12. Dr. Lushington applied to the
Prerogative Court to try.the’ validity of
the instrument, purporting to be a testa-
mentary paper executed by the late kmg,
1
«Incidents in and near London,
[July 1,
in favonr of Lady Olive, otherwise Prin-
cess of Cumberland, of which the following
is ‘a copy!)
ho George Rio * 3 vi S8t, James's.
In. case of. our royal demise, We give and be-
queath to Olive, our brother of Cumberland’s daugh-
ter, the sam) f 15,0001. commanding our heir/and
successorito-pay the same privately toour said piece,
for her use, as a recompense for the misfortunes she
may have known through her father. vee
Witness, hogar teotd
J, DUNNING, . CHATHAM, .. WARWICK,
June 2, 1774.
The court determined, however, that it
had no jurisdiction.’ ent
— 14, The Marquis of Lansdown
brought forward: a motion ‘on’ the ‘state
of Ireland, and coneliided his speech by
moving, “that it is’ the ‘opinion ‘of this
House that the state‘of Treland mdispen-
sibly requires the immediate attention of
parliament, with a’ view to improve ‘its
condition, and more effecttially to secure
its tranquillity?” “Phe motion’ was, how-
ever, negatived by a majority of 48.
The same day Sir James Mackintosh, |
in the House of Comnions, after a foreible
and eloquent’ speech, moved ‘tliat the
Alien Bill be read a second time this day
six months.” The motion forthe sécon
reading, we aré sorry to say, was liowever
carried by a majority of thirty{foars
The clectors of Southwark cotiniemo.’
rated the return of Sir Robert Wilson by'a -
dinner, which was numerously ‘attended,
and a variety of patriotic’ speecties! Were
made by Sir Robert and his politi¢al friends,
— 19. Mr. Hunie brouglit forward Mi,
Daly’s promised motion in the Howse of
Commons, for a commutation of the Irish
tithes. In the course df a speecl? of three
hours, he gave an affecting’ picture of the
miseries produced by the Ecclesiastical
System of’ Ireland, and: ‘conchiled with’a
motion; but Sir John Newport proposed,
as an amendment, “that ‘the Hotse
should pledge itself to take the subject of
tithes into their consideration early in the
next session, with a view to substitute a
method of providing for the established
church different from the présent vexatious
and injurious system.” ‘This reasonable
amendment was however negatived.
— 20. A fire broke out in St. John-
street, Clerkenwell, on the preniises of
Mr. Henus, a furrier, which ‘consumed
his’ and’ the adjoining premises.
— 20. This day the Bank dircetors
gave notice of their fature’ intention to
discount approved bills at nmety-six days,
at four per cent. interest. :
L941. Fhe Duke of Portland moved
the second reading of Mr. Canning’s
Roman Catholic Peers Bill for enabling
theni to sit'in the’ House of Lords)” Liords
Eldon, Colchester, Redesdale, and Liver-
pool, opposed the motion, ‘whicli’ was ably
supported by the Lords Grey, Erskine,
Grenville, and Holland. On a division,
thie bilfwas lost by 171 to 129, making 300
votes! The lord chancellor maintained,
that
1822.)
that the exclusion was‘a fundamental prin>
ciple of the constitution, andthe. chief sex
curity.of the ascendancy of the Protestant
religion. ‘The Marquis of Lansdowne and
Lord Erskine contended that it was.a
Measure founded on falsehood and perjury,
aud continued in the spirit of injustice. -
— 24, Mr. BROUGHAM, in one of the
ablest speeches ever delivered, in parlia-
ment, exposed the increasing and dan-
gerousinflucnce of the crown, but his mo-
tion to impugn it was lost by 216 to 101.
MARRIED.
The Rev. William W. Pym, to Miss
Sophia Rose Gambier.
The Rey. Charles. Cole, of Poplar, to
Harriet, only daughter. of. W. Rediter, of
Stamford.
Jolin Scott, esq, of the Ordnance Office,
to. Anne, Elizabeth, .daughter of Richard
Welbank, esq, of the Tower.
Charles Brownlow, esq. M.P..for Ar-
magh, to Lady Mary Bligh, eldest daughter
of, the Earl and.Countess.of Darnley.
R. Tubbs, esq. of Harlesdon, Middlesex,,
to Sophia, youngest danghter of the late
R, Woodmass, esq.
“Henry Richard Drummond,.. esq. R.N-
to Jane, Hannah, -daugliter..of Richard
Ellis, esq..of Sudbrooke “Holme.
Mr. John Scaife, of New Bond-street,
to;Sarah Frances, second daughter of the
late. Mr. Martin Callow.
fhe: Rev.. W. Williams, B,D. of Has-
combe, to Miss Sophia Anne Catherine
Lawford,
‘The Hon,,.C..Petre, to Eliza, Sitter
of the late E, Howard, esq. F.R.S-
A Blakistone, esq. to Miss S. Hum-
phreys, of Mickicham, Surrey.
Aiki Hi. West, esq. to Elizabeth Dorothy
Blyth esdined
“Lieut. Henry Jellicoe, R.N. of Wands-
worth, to, Jane, daughter of Sir A. B.
King, bart..of Dublin.
Henry. H, Goodall, esq. of the India
House, to Mary, daughter of H. Smith,
“He of Peckham.
V.. Carroll, esq. to Elizabeth, relict of
George Thackrab, esq. of Twickenham.
Nathaniel Ellison, of Lincoln’s Inn, esq.
‘a Frances. Gregg, daughter .of the late.
n, Wombwell, esq.
. Scott Preston, esq. to Margaret
Graci Gordon, youngest daughter of the
late ‘eter,Laurie, esq..of Blackheath,
J..Nicholas Fazakerley, esq. to Eleanor,
sixth daugliter of M. Montagu, esq.
John, Kirkman, esq. of Alpba-road, to
Elizabeth eldest daughter. of... Thomas
the Res 4 esq..of South Audley-street.
Rey,, James Marshall, minister, of
the Neuen High, Church.in, the, city, of
Glasgow, to Mary Catharine, eldest.daugh-
ter of the Rev, Legh ASAmoRE, rector of
Turvey.
Mr. William Proctor, of Newcastle, to
Miss Deeble, of London,
Marriages and Deaths:in and near London.
567
Mr. Joseph Rawlings, of Nelson-square,
London, to'Sarali Maria “Ann, eldest
daughter of Samuel Guppy, esq. of Bristol.
» Mr. Joseph Yallowley, to Miss Ann
Burgh.
Lerd Francis Gower, second son of the
Marquis and Marchioness of Stafford, to
Miss -Greville, daughter of Lady CC,
Greville.
J. H. Hutchinson, esq. captain in the
first regiment of Guards, to the Hon.
Margaret Gardiner, youngest daughter of
the late Lord Viscount Mountjoy.
Mr. Thomas Deacon, of Skinner-street,
to Anne, daughter of the late J. Fuller, esq.
DIED.
-In Great George-street, Euston-square,
Robert Barry, esq. of the Middle Temple,
barrister-at-law.
On Putney Heath, Richard Brant, esq.
At Collier’s Wood, 70, W. Merle, esq.
At the Bedford Hotel, Covent-Gardeny
47, the Honourable ‘Samuel Hinley Ougley,
of Sandy- place, Beds.
Tn Green-street, Grosvenor-square, John
Pusey Edwardes, esq. of Pusey-hall,
Jamaica.
In Upper Gloucester-street, New Road,
Eliza, wife of J. E. Bicheno, esq.
In Russell-square, E: M. daughter of
T. S. Benson, esq.
At Maida Vale, 16, Isabella, only daugh-
ter of the late Mr. Grieve, of Bond-st reet.
At Camberwell, 63, Mr. W. Barnard:
Hutton.
In Upper Grosvenor street, Mrs, Coote
Manningham, widow of the late Col. M.
At Brockham-green, near Dorking, 51,
Mr. Barnard, formerly of Fleet-Market.
At Pinner Green Lodge, 79, a
Willshen, esq-
At North End, Fulham, 43, of a'‘nervous:
consumption, John M‘Adams, oun mae a
Gerrard-street, Soho.
At Camberwell, 72, John Gale, 1e5q0 Taped
At Ealing Park, Anne Fisher, widow &
the late Cuthbert Fisher, esq.
» At Cheshunt, Frederick Baskerville, ins!
fant son of Thomas Walton, esq.
In, Wells, Row, ‘Islington; the only som
of Mr. Hunter,
At Entield;.65, W. Beckett, esq.
On Clapham- -common, 95) the eldest som
of John Shewell, esqs +o ¥
An. Russell-square, Eliz, Meux Benson.
In Baker-street, the infant daughter of
W, James; esq. M.P,
At Highgate, 14, Muria, eldest daughter
of William Domville, esq: ©
In Duke-street, Westininater, 97, Mar-
garet Bankes, widow of H. Bankes, esq.
of Singmtonchall, guid; motherof H, Bankes,
esq. M.P. ;
At Croydon, 97, John Brickwood, esq.
In Red, Lion-square, William Duff’, C5
of Nicholas-lane.)»)
Caroline, Henrietta, youngest daughter
of Granville Venables Vernon, esq. “
t
568
. At his house, at Lambeth, after a very
long and painful iIness, which he bore:
with patience and resignation, David
Jones, esq. of New Inn, solicitor, whose
death has caused the deepest regret to the:
extensive circle of lis acquaintance.
In Barton-crescent, much regretted by
all who..knew-him, 638; Join Barniell
Murphy, esq. formerly of Gray’> Inn, He
was a devout Christian, a sincere friend,
and a truly honest man;
To Portman-square,- 14, Lady Anna
Maria Pelham Clinton, eldest daughter of
the Dnke and Duchess of Neweastle.
_At Ham,76, Margaret, wife of General
Gordon Forbes. “
. James Brownley, es. 48, whose memory
will long be dear to an extensive cirele in
the metropolis. His extensive knowledge, :
the. liveliness of his fancy, the amenity of
his manners, and his correct, but easy and
nnaffected elocution, made his society be
generally courted before he was -emanci-
pated into manhood. He entered life
with the most flattermg prospects, but,
as they were unfortunately clouded by
severe and frequent disappointments, he
sought relief for his wounded spirit in
convivial society, and he speedily shone as
a luminary of first-order among the wits
and orators of the club of ‘ Brilliants,’ in
Chandos-street. In the year 1799, he be-
came one of the founders of the club of
‘Eccentries,’ in May’s-buildings, St. Mar-
tin’s lane, which he occasionally ‘visited
until within a few weeks of his decease,
and of which during the period of twenty-
three years he continued to be the most
distinguished ornament. Abont the period
of the establishment of the-Eecentrics, he
became acquainted with a gentleman con-
nected with the press; who, after mach
persuasion, ‘prevailed upon him to accept
an engagement as a Parliamentary Re-
porter, and general contributor_to a daily
paper. It is almost: superfluous to say
that, in every department of his new pro-
fession, he stood pre-eminent. It is only
to be regretted that he should have passed
the remainder of his life, ontil advanced
years and severe corporeal infirmities
compelled. him to desist from his labours,
in reporting the speeches of men, who,
with two or three splendid exceptions,
were very far his inferiors in intellectnal
attainments and the~ powers of cloguence.
With one of those exceptions; (we mean tlie
Tate Mr. R..B. Sheridan,) accident bronght
him acquainted about the year 1807, and
an intimate friendship resulted from their
easnal interview, which terminated only
with the existence of Mr. Sheridan, They
frequently spent several days together in
rural excursions, and Mr. Sheridan was
often heard to declare that they were the
happiest days of his life. Mr. Brownley
was in politics a Whig; and, in religion, a
Presbyterian of the church of Scotland.
Deaths in and near London.
[July 1,
At his house in Bolton-Row, Edward
Jerningham, esq. He was the youngest
son of the late Sir Wittiam Jerningham,
bart; heir and claimant of the ancient
barony of Stafford, by Frances, danghter
of Henry, the twelfth Viscount Dillon of
Treland: he «married in) 11804 /Emily,
daughter of the late Nathaniel Middleton,
esq. by whom he has left four children,
He was originally educated for, ard called
to the bar; but, with a disinterestedness
which characterized him’ through life,
having aecepted the office of secretary to
the Board of Byitish Catholics: he de-
voted himself to his honorary duties so as
altogether to sacrifice his profession. The
task which he thus undertook. was oue of
peculiar delicacy and importance, not
only as it related to the Catholics, but to
the whole body of the public. The thanks
of that body lie repeatedly received ; every
other mark of their approbation, or tes-
timony ‘of the grateful sense they enter-
tainedof his services, he declined aceept-
ing. In private life: he practised the
greatest of all virtues, trne, genuine, and
universal benevolence, from an impulse of
nature, as wellas from a sense of duty:
lre entered with generous concern into
whatever affected the interests of a fellow-
creature, and never appeared so happy as
in the performance of some good. Iirhis
manners he was affable, in his temper
cheerful, in his affections warm, in bis at-
tachments ardent and sincere. He is said
to have néver made an enemy ; and seldom
made an acquaintance withont gaming a
friend. To the Catholic body his loss is
great; to his friends most bitter; to his
disconsolate’ family irreparable : yet must
they dwell npon his memory’ with plea-
sure, and in time feel soothed by the re-
collections of his worth.
At Hammersmith, Mrs Earle Drax
Grosvenor ; she was riding in her carriage
through Hammersmith, when her groom
and coachmatt were grossly assaulted by a
fellow who attempted to get up behind
the carriage. After a desperate resistance
he was secured, and conveyed before a
magistrate, when’ Mrs. Drax Grosvenor
attended. ‘On'bsing committed for trial,
he making an affectiig appeal'to her not
to prosecute him for the offence, on the
score of humanity to his wife and chil-
dren; she wished to extend inercy to the
prisoner, brt the magistrate conld not
suffer it. ‘The lady was so greatly af-
fected at the appeal of the prisoner for
fiercy, that she fell into the arms of one
of her servants ina fit: she soon became
cdnvulsed, and by the time that ‘médical
aid could be obtained, she was a Corpse,
owing to an ossification of the heart.
In’ Cavendish square, the Right Hon.
Horatio WValpole, earl of Orford: (of whom
biographicalparticalars will be given in our
next.) y
PROVINCIAL
P569°]
PROVINCIAL OCCURRENCES,
With all the Marriages and Deaths.
NORTHUMBERLAND AND DURHAM.
{Pee northern counties were, on the
4th ult. visited by violent storms of
thunder, lightning, and rain; considera-
ble injury was done to vegetation, and
in several of the large towns business was
entirely iiterrupted.
A great improvement is now making on
the London road, over Gateshead-Fell:
aneven line-has been made of three miles
from that place.
Married.} My. J. Burnett, of Lisle-
street, to Miss A, Harrison, of the Butcher-
bank; Mr. H. Winship, to Miss J.
Gilchrist; Mr..R. Wilson, of Dean-street,
to Mrs. Scott, of the Forth-lane: all of
Newcastle.—Mr, T. Bulmer, to Miss J.
Hopper; Mr..W. Brown, ‘to Miss M,
Best; Mr. T, Hopper, to Miss J. Jackson :
all of Durham.— Mr. R. Reavely, to Miss
J.Longeake, both of North Shields.—Mr.
E. Dixon, of North Shields, to Miss J.
Reed, of the Low Lights.—Mr. T. Glover,
to Miss A. Reavely, both of South Shields.
7-Mr. W. Kirk, to Miss.Arthur, both of
Sunderland.—Mr, T. Sowden, to Mrs. E,
-Lumley,..both of Darlington.—Mr. J.
Brown, to Miss Jenks, both of Alnwick.
Mr. Joseph Johnson, of Westwood, to
)Miss. A, Wilkinson, of the Windy Walls,
Neweastle.— The Rev. J. Blackburn,
vicar of Gainford, to Mrs. Jane Dumn, of
_Dutham.—Mr. R. Dodds, of Ilderton, to
Miss M. Brown, of Wooler Bridge End.
—Mr. W. Rutherford, to Miss E. Davison,
both of Woodburn.
Died.] At Newcastle, in Forth-street,
Mr. F. Foreman.—Mr. J. Wardle.—In
Strawberry-place, Mr. J. Harvey, greatly
regretted.—In Mosley-street, 64, Mr.
Miller, justly respected. —76, Mrs. J.
Bolam.—At Gateshead, at an advanced
age, Mrs. Spencer,—At Sunderland, Mrs,
A. Errington, of Newcastle.—56, Mr. W.
Dodds, suddenly.—50, Mr. Hunt, sud-
denly,—79, Mrs. J. Baxter.
At NorthShields, 64, Mrs. J. Jackson,—
At the Windmill-hills, Mr..D. Darling, of
Newcastle, much respected.—92, Mr. J.
Cogdon, deservedly regretted.
At Bishopwearmouth, 21, Mr. S.. El-
lerby.—85, Mr, J. Vipond, sen.—s0, Mr,
J. Aughton.—66, Mrs. H. Wetherburn.
AtTynemouth, Mrs, Koxby.—At Hex-
ham, 42, Mrs. Wheatley.—61, Mr, J. Sto-
bart.—84, Mr. A, Smith.—At Rothbury,
83, Mrs. B, Bolam.—At Earsdon, 37, Miss
M, Bell.—At Cramlington, 70, Mr. S.
Dinnen.—At West Burton, Wensleydale,
63, the Rev. Jeff. Wood, aum,—At Tenter-
hill-honse, Wooler, 74, Miss Elizabeth
Davison.—At Ox-hill, 76, Mr. T, Brown.
At the Grove, near Durham, 63,
Monruiy MAG. No. 569,
—=a
Stephen George Kemble, esq. formerly
manager of the Theatres Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Drury-
lane. In private life ha was a social,
lively companion; on the stage he was
chiefly remarkable for playing “ Sir John
Falstaff,” it is said, without stuffing. [Fur-
ther particulars of this gentlemun will be
given in our next.)
CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND,
Married.}] Mr. J. Hewett, to -Miss
Hewson; Mr. J. Reed, to Miss J.
Hetherington ; Mr. C. Minshaw, to Miss
M. Batty.—Mr. W. Sowerby, to Miss B.
Millican; Mr. J. Owen, to Miss M.
Wallace; Mr. R. Hagwood, to Miss M.
Davison: all of Carlisle—Mr. J. F. H.
Smyth, of Fisher-street, Carlisle, to Miss
S. Ramshay, of Brompton.— Mr. J.
Westray, of Whiteliaven, to Miss C, Relph,
of Wigton.—Mr. R. Brown, of Working-
ton, to Miss A. Sanderson, of Maryport.
—Mr. J. Graham, to Miss S. Shields;
Mr. J. Peet, to Miss E. Thompson; all of
Workington.—Mr. E. Dobson, to Miss
M, Pelter, both of Penrith—Mr. A.
Hurst, to Miss E. Docker ; Mr. T. Wilson,
to Mrs, M. Crosby; Mr. T. Murgatroyd,
to Miss J. Pickthall: all of Kendalt—Mr.
A. Hindmarch, of Little Harle, to Miss
E. Henderson, of Kidlaw.—C. 8. Sutton,
of Honghton, to M. Sturdy, of Great
Orton, both of the Society of Friends.—
Mr. T. Forster, of Longrigg-Thorn,. to
Miss M. Blenkensop, of White-Flatt.
Died.] At Carlisle, in Englishgate, 38, Mr.
J. Gate.—In Spring-garden-lane, 59, Mrs.
M. Wilson.— 67, Mrs. R. Studholme.
—In Scotch-street, 55, Mr. P, Lennon.
—26, Mr. B. Donaldson.—In Botcher-
gate, 58, Mrs, E. Maxwell.—At Working-
ton, 85, Mr. Joseph Grayson. — Mrs.
Russell. : 4
At Whitehaven, 74, Mr. A. Nicholson.—
73, Mrs. C. Richardson.—26, Miss F.Scott.
At Penrith, 26, Miss M. A. Garnett.
—835, Mrs. E. Tweddle.—22, Mrs. A.
M‘Clennan.
At'Cockermouth, 88, Mrs. M.Armstrong,
one of the Society of Friends.
At Brampton, 77, Mr. C. Hodgson, —.
At Kelso, Mr. G. Elliott, of Newcastle,
At Turnshaw, 47, Mrs. M. Story, much
respected. — At Stainton, 68, Mr. W.
Staig.—At Bowness, 66, Mr. J. Topping,
much respected.—At Morsdale, 58, Mr.
R. Barrow.—At Alston, 20, Miss Wilson,
YORKSHIRE,
An institution for the encouragement of
the fine arts in the northern district has
been established at Leeds, and the first
exhibition contains many efforts of the
3C pencil
570
pencil which do honour to the English
school. + ee
A number of gentlemen of Huddersfield
and the neighbourhood are about to
establish a society for disseminating prin-
ciples for the promotion of permanent
and universal peace.
Married.] Lieutenant Atkinson, late of
the Marines, to Miss Cundall, both of
York.—Mr. G. L. Shackles, to Miss M. F.
Slater; Mr. T. Cruddis, to Miss FE.
Keddey: all of Hull.—Mr. James Haigh,
to Mrs. Dearman.—Mr. J. Reynard, to
Miss Smith; Mr. Robert Middleham, to
Miss F. Hardwick; Mr. W. May, to Miss
Kay: all of Leeds.—Mr. J. Barnes, of
Leeds, to Miss M. Murgatroyd, of Head-
ingley.—Mr. J. Glover, to Miss Scholes ;
Mr. I. Blenkhorn, to Miss: North: all of
Huddersfield: —Mr. T. Milthorp, of Brad-
ford, to Miss M. Weir, of Otley.—Joln
Blayds, jun. esq. of Oulton, to Miss Ellen
Molyneux, of Newsham-house.—Mr. J.
Charlesworth, of Holmfirth, to Miss M. A.
Gartside, of Holm. Banks. — Mr. T.
Hutebinson, of Gnrisbrongh, to Miss
Stephenson, of Brotton.—Mr. B. Fearnley,
to Miss E. Horsfall, both of Gomersall.
Diced.] At York, 68, Mrs. M. Jackson,.
much respected.—Lady Burden, wife of
Sir. Thomas B. bart.—69, Mr. Wilfrid
Pyemont,.a common councilman for
Walmgate Ward, deservedly respected
for -his liberal political principles, and
many private virtues.
At Leeds, in Park-square, Mrs. Cockell.
—Mrys. Rawson.—In Mabgate, 62, Mrs.
R. White.—33, Mr.W. Headley, lamented.
At Huddersfield, Mr. J. Booth—At
Bradford, Mrs, Crossley, 62.—Mr. N.
Murgatroyd,
At Beverley, 60, Robert Ramsey, esq.
of Thearne Cottage.
At Boronghbridge, 64, Capt. Charles
‘Gitling, of the Yorkshire. Hussars.—At
Stillingfleet, Miss Ann Eglin.—At Ever-
ingham, 77, Mrs, Howe,. of ‘Thorpe.—At
Moor Town, 32, Mrs. C. Brook.—At
Greenrcyd-tionse, Miss Elizabeth Smith,
of Newland-park.—At Holmfirth, at an
advanced ‘age, Mrs. Steplenson.—At
Bromley, Miss M. Lister.
LANCASHIRE,
A> society has lately been formed at
Lancaster for ameliorating the condition
and employment of the poor.
A public meeting has lately been held
at Manchester, the Boronghreeve in the
chair, when resolutions were entered into,
and ‘a petition to the House of Commons
agreed to against insidious alterations of
the stamp duties.
Married.] Mr. James Crnickshanks, to
Miss Z. Coates; Mr. S. Pavgett, to Miss E,
Dawson; Mr. W. Read, to Miss Kay: all
of Manchester—Mr. G. Kinaster, of
Manchester, to’ Miss A. Ridgway, of
Chester.=-Mr. W. Roberts, of Manchester,
Lancashire— Cheshire.
[July f;
to Miss F..-Frodsham, of Thelwall.—Mr-
R. Bury, of Bahia, to Miss J. Sunmer, of
Warrington.—Myr. J. Bromley, to Miss
M. Findley; Mr. E. Matthews, jun. to
Miss E. Branwood ; Mr. D, Kennedy, to
Miss Lawton; Mr.’ Joseph ‘Codper, to
Miss A, Robison.-—Mr. W. Nevett;‘o
Rodney-street, to Miss E. Stringer,
Blair-street : all of Liverpoo}.—Mr.°
T. Thompson, of Liverpool, to’ Miss M.
Bethune, of Queenslie, Glasgow.—Mr.
W. Critchley, of Liverpool, to° Miss C,
Gilliard, of Chester.—Mr, P. Leicester,
of Rancorn, to Miss A, Chanmey, of Li-
verpool.—D. Dakcyne, esq. of Gradbuek,
to Miss C. Medowcroft, of “Fottington.
—wW. A.A, West, esq. of Cropper’s Hill,
Eccleston, to Miss A. Bootliman} of Higher
Ardwick.—My. J. Bentley, Saddleworth,
to Miss E. Hargreaves, of Edgehill,
Liverpool. inert ae tee
’ Died.] At Manchester, 26, Mr. W,
Fisher.—65, Mr. S. Gibbous, mucli re-
spected.—57, Mrs. A. Gibbons, justly ané
equally respected and regretted.—Miss
E. Howarth, highly esteemed.—33, Mr.
H. Bould, much and justly lamented.—
Mrs. Gongh. ‘ao
At Liverpool, in Barten-lane, 52, Mr.
C. Gronow.—79, Mr. J. Harrison.—tn
Crosshall-street, 38, Mr. W. Tudor-—
Mr. J. L. Morecroft.—In Edmund-street,
70, Mr, T. Barnctt.—On Brownlow-hill,
Mr. R. Litherland.—Mrs. A. Grapel:—
In Great Crosshall-street, Mr. J. Mears.
—50, Mr. T. Aldersey. ~
At Prescot, 34, Mrs. Ducker.—At
Hulme, Mr. James Blakeley.—At Waver-
tree, Mrs. Dale.—At Everton, 25, Miss-F.
Gordon.—At Gildow-house, Wigan, 39,
Mrs. Ashton.—At Andenshaw, 83, Jolin
Grimshaw, esq. deservedly lamented:—At
Everingham, 77, Mrs. Howe, late of
Thorpe. ‘
CHESHIRE,
Dr. Huily, of Kordsham, has now cu-
cumbers growing, which had heen forced
by means of steam conveyed under the
bed, instead of the fermentation of ma-
nure—atonic being the tabulum in both
CASERete Ss Uo ab.
Married.| Mr. W. Johnson, to Miss
Brown; Mr. G. Hughes, to Mrs. Ramsey,
of Monnt Pleasant: all of Chester—The
Rev. Josephi Hodgkinson, A.M. to Miss EF.
Simmonds, of Manchester. — Edmund
Henty Pemy, esq. to Miss M.S. Wilson,
of’ Neston.—Robert Wade, esq. of
Knight’s Grange, near Over, to Miss
Jampson, of Uikinton hall.
Died.] At Chester, in Abbey-square,
84, Thomas’ Townshend, esq —At’ the
Cross, 48, Mr. Ellis —At an advanced age,
Mr. Baptist. :
At Nantwich, Mr. Charles Willtams.
—Mrs, Williams.—Mrs. A. M. Harwood.
—At Congleton, Mr. Charles Johnson. ~
At Great Boughtun, Mis. Ta
t
1822.4
—At Wharton Lodge, Winsford, 77, Mrs.
Shallcross. ;
: DERBYSHIRE. capil
Married.] Mr. J. Morrison, to Miss E,
Band, beth: of Derby.—Mr,._W. Polter,
of Derby, to Miss Sharp, of Coleorton.—
Mr..G. Meitam, of Chesterfield, to Miss
M. Allen, of Yew-Tree Farm, Ashover.
Died.] At Derby, 67, Mr. T. Gillam.
—37, Mr. J. Brookhouse.
At Shipley Lodge, 29, Mr. P. Brentnall,
—At, Stanton in the Peak, 46, Mr. J.
Gilbert, deservedly esteemed. and_la-
mented.—At Winster, 81, Mrs. Norman,
widow of James.N. esq,
5 NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
The inhabitants of Nottingham lately
agreed to petition the Honse of Commons
for a revision of the criminal laws.
Hairird.| Mr. W.. Barnsdall, to Miss
M. A. Wilkiuson; Mr. T. Barratt, of Red
Lion-street, to Miss. A, Handley, of
Long Stairs; Mr. C. Grecock, to Miss
A. Jackson: all of Nottingham. — Mr.
Hasrison, of Bridlesmith-gate, Notting-
ham, to Miss M. Cooper, of Great Glenn.
—Mr. J..Boler, to Miss 8S. Lacey; Mr. C.
Whittington, to Mrs. Barnsdall; all of
Newark.
Died.) At Nottingham, 28, Miss Walker.
—In East-street, 53, Mr. T. Conduit.—In
Red. Lion-street, 35, Mrs. S. Mowbray.
At Mansfield, 22, Miss M. A. Bingham.
—45, Mrs. M. Brown, regretted.—Miss
M. Randall.
At Suenton, Mr. Iliffex—On Sion-hill,
New Radford, 21, Miss A. Beardmore,
a LINCOLNSHIRE,
‘Yhe farmers, and land-owners in the
neighbourheod of Spilshy lately agreed to
petition Parliament for relief. It canot
too often be repeated that these effects
arise from the locai currency being di.
minished by the drain of taxes, to pay a
distant and non-resident fundholders.,
Married.} Mr. Rainey, of Wainfleet All
Saints, to Miss L. Bogson, of Thorpe.—
Mr. B. Snow, of Sleaford, to Miss M. A.
Robinson, of Wakefield.—The Rev. H,
Clark, of Navenby, to Miss M. Blackwall,
of Wirksworth.—The Rev. C. Cole, of
Poplar, to Miss H. Rediter, of Stanford.
Died.) At, Barton-upon-Humber, 77,
Mr, J. Foster.
At Tupholme, 41, Mrs. Willis, widow of
the Rev. P. Willis.—At Buckminster, 73,
the Rev. William Hervey, nephew of
the Rev. W. Hervey, author of The
Meditations, &c.”
LEICESTER AND RUTLAND,
The first stone of the new, bridge at
Melton Mowbray was lately laid by
Richard Norman, esq. This bridge will
contribute greatly to the security of the
approach to Melton, and to the conye-
nience of the public,
Married.) Mr. J, Hodson, to.Miss M.
Cort, both of Leicester.—Mr, Thornton,
Derbyshire —Nettinghamshire—Lincolnshire, §c.
37.4
of Leicester, to Miss J, Thornton, of
‘Blaby.—Mr. J. Aaron, of Leicester, to
Miss A. Leader, of Enderby.—The Rev.
1). Clemetson, M.A. of Loughborough, to
Miss E. Davis, of Winterbourne.
Died.] At Leicester, in the Swine-
market, Mr. J. Nutt.—In the High-street,
Mr. Newill,—Mrs, Fossett.—In the Ab-
bey-gate, Mrs, Payne.
At Melton Mowbray, Mr. E. Harrison.
At Beaumanor-park,59, MissAspenshaw,
suddenly.—At Bagworth, Mr, Kirkman,
much respected.—At Newton Harcourt,
Mr. J, Hickinbotham.
: STAFFORDSHIRE.
Murried.| Mr. J. Gibbs, of Chippenhall,
to. Mrs. Deaken, of Stafford.—Mr. J.
Stockton, of Albrighton, to Miss’ A. Webb,
of Wolverhampton.
Died.] At Newcastle, 74, Mr. G. Berks,
greatly and deservedly lamented.
WARWICKSHIRE.
Married.}] Mr. J. Partridge, to Miss S.
Child, both of Birmingham.—Mr. J. Bland,
of Piccadilly, to Miss M. Phillips, of
Smethwick.-—At Aston, Mr. S. Power, to
Miss §. Sibley, of Duke-street, Bir-
mingham.
Died.| At Birmingham, m Great Brooke-
street, 60, Mr. E. Millwood.—In Bristol-
street, Mrs. S. Gibbs.—In Jamaica-row,
Miss E. Docker.—Im Islington-road, 35,
Mrs, A. Hooper.—In Wharf-street, 66,
Mrs. Elwall.
At Henley, in Arden, 83, Thomas Bur-
man, esq.
At Austin’s, Mrs. Whateby, widow of
John W. esq.—At Edgbaston, 62, Mr. C.
Motteram, deservedly regretted. — At
Saltley, 62, Mr. D. Hands.
SHROPSHIRE.
Married.] Mr. J. Harvey, of She riff-
hales, to Miss A. Bradburn, of Shrewsbury.—
Mr. Stanton, of Ellesmere, to Sirs. Frances
Jones, of Andover.—Henry Vickers, esq.
of Bridgnorth, to. Miss P. Cotton, of _
London,—Mr. T. Meredith, of Newport,
to Miss E. Crisp, of Ruyton of the Eleven
Towns. i
Died,] At Shrewsbury, 68, Mr. T, Jehu,
sen.—On the Wyle Cop, 55,.Mr, J.
Farmer, sen.—71, Mrs, R. Leake, re-
gretted.—Mrs. Woodhall...
At Bridgnorth, 86, Mrs. Baker,—64,
Mrs. Lloyd. '
At Oswestry, 68, Mr. J,, Oliver.—Mr.
D. Lloyd.—Mr. E, Jones.
At keckbury, the Rey, J. Dehane, a.m.
justly lamented.—-At All Stretton, Mr, R.
Jones, regretted.—At Betton-hali, 77,
William Church Norcopp, esq... ~
WORCESTERSHIRE.
Died.) At Worcester; 73,. Mr. George
Boulton, late of Kempsey.—67, Mr. J.
Allcroft, deservedly respected.
At Kidderminster, Mr. Ward,
At Stourbridge, 59, Mrs. Compsoa,
At
572
At Elmley Lodge, Mr, W, Winnall,
deservedly lamented, sila
_ HEREFORDSHIRE.
A meeting of the inhabitants of Here-
ford. was lately held to, take into con-
sideration the propriety, of , erecting a
bridge over the Severn, to shorten the
distance between, Hereford and Chiel-
tenham, and facilitate the communication
with London, - E, B. Clive, esq. in stating
the advantages of the measure, said that
nearly seven miles would be saved between
that city and Cheltenham. The resolutions
of the meeting were unanimously agreed to,
Married.) Mr. C. Wayland, of London,
to Miss L, Matthews, of Hereford.—At
Tenbury, Mr. R. T.. Page, to Miss S.
Smith, of the Westmoore,
Died.] At Hereford, 92, Mrs. Winifred
Lucas.—Mary, widow of Myles Coyle, esq.
At Ross, §3, Mr. S. Barnard, deservedly
respected, .
At Burton Court, 61, William Evans,
esq.—At the Church House, Tenbury, at
an\advaneed age, Alexander Johnson, esq.
—At Hampton Lodge, 70, J. Ireland, esq.
GLOUCESTER AND MONMOUTH.
The inhabitants of Bristol lately agreed
to, petition the House of Commons for a
total repeal.of the Salt-tax. Another peti-
tion was.also agreed to for a revision of
the Criminal Code.
The old: bridge across. the Avon at
Tewkesbury. Quay has recently been
pulled down, and an elegant new one is
about to, be erected. The foundation-
stone was laid amidst the acclamations of
the evreaurse of spectators assembled on
the-oecasion.. A temporary wooden bridge
has been erected a little lower on the
river.
Married.) My. J. E. Lea, of Gloucester,
to Miss A, Petley, of ondon.—Mr. Abell,
of ‘Mitchelldean, to Miss M. W. Rea, of
Gloncester-—Mr, James Lewis, to Miss
E. ‘Hooper.—Mr. W. Godwin, to Miss A.
Davies; all of Bristol.—Mr, Packwood,
to Miss Smith, both of Cheltenham.—Mr.
H.. Penton, ‘of -High-street, Bristol, to
Miss Miles, of Clifton.—Mr. J. Lewis, of
‘Tewkesbury, to Miss J.. Weedon, of New-
bury.—At Usk, Mr. J. Williams, to Miss
S. Parker, of Caerleon.
Died.) At Gloucester, in, .Westgate-
» street, 58, Mr. J. Estcourt.—In. Bolt-lane,
79, Mr, J. Pytt.—90, Mrs, Capes, of
Shrobb-Lodge.
At Bristol; in Lower College-street, 34,
Mrs. M. Carpenter.—In St, Philip’s,.Mrs,
S. Hall, regretted.—62, Mr. J. Thomas.
At Cheltenham, Mr,,F. Major,
AtStonehouse, 90, Mrs, Dimock, widow
of John. D. esq.—At, Campden, 5v,.Mr,
Carter.—At Bretforton, 34, Mrs, A, Hall.
OXFORDSHIRE. ;
The prizes for tie present year, were
adjudged to the following gentlemen :—
The Chancellor's Prizes,—‘* Alpes ab An-
Herefordshire—Gloucester and Monmouth, &c.
[July 1,
nibale Superate”—Latin Verse, to Mr. J.
Curzon, Brazennose Colleze.—“ On Moral
Evidence”’—an English Essay, to Mr.
W.A, Shirley, New College.—“ An revera
prezvaluerit apud Ernditiores Antiquorum
Polytheismus”’—a Latin Essay, to: Mr. J.
B, Ottley, Oriel College. | SNE
Sir Roger Newdigate’s Prize.—*'Pal-
myra’—English Verse, to Mr. A. Barber,
Wadham College. ae An baswiwlt
__ Married} Mr. 'T. Hedges, to’ Miss“M.
Hatton, both of St. Clement's.—Mr.i J.
Saunders, to Miss M. Fuller, both’ of St.
Ebbe’s: allof Oxford.—Mr. W. Cherry, of
Oxford, to Miss E, Smith, of Blockléy.—
Mr.,J. T. Hinton, of Oxford, to’ Miss S.
Mursell, of Lymington,—Mr. W. Dorset,
jun. to Mrs, Brown, both of Banbury.—At
Stanton St, John, Edward Taylor Bradby,
esq. to Miss Mary Hamley. — 3g
Died.} At Oxford, 23, Mr. W. Reed,
greatly esteemed.—In Broad-street, Mrs.
Butler, of Wellingford.—In St: Aldate’s,
26, Mr. J. Jones, lamented. :
At Henley-on Thames, 68, Mrs. 'S,
Spennan, :
At Witney, 79, Mrs. A. Conibeere, de-
servedly regretted. 1303
At Bicester, 65, Mr. W. Potter, much
respected.—At Middleton Stoney, Mrs.'A.
Tanner, much respected.—At Godston,
38, Mz. J. Bishop. a figenid on
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE AND BERKSHIRE.
Married.] Mr. Harris, to Mrs, ‘Paylor,
both of Reading.—The Rey. W..D, Carter,
of Abingdon, to Miss E. K. Gaunlette, of
Winchester.—Mr. R. Bradley, of, Farring-
don, to Miss Massie, of London,—Mr.
Muddiman, to. Miss: E. Hoare.—Mr. J.
Thorp, to Miss A. Gibbs; all of Aylesbury.
—Mr. Thompson, of Aylesbury, to. Miss
Woodman, of Great Berkhamstead,
Died.| At Newbury, R. Wells, esq.
At Abingdon, 55, Mrs. M, King. :
At Aylesbury, Miss. .£.Churchill.—72,
Mr. J. Foster.
At Great Brickhill, 69, the Rev, A.
Davies, late lecturer,,of Linsdale.—At
Rabenstone-mill, Mrs. Atkins.
HERTFORDSHIRE AND BEDFORDSHIRE.
Married.] The Rev. W. Wollaston Pym,
son. of Mr. Pym, member for the county of
Bedford, to Sophia Rose, daughter of the
late Samuel’ Gambier, esq.—The Rev.
Edward. ©. ‘Smith, recto of Halcut-and
‘Salford, to Julia, sister of John Bleming,
esq. MiP. for Hampshire. 2
Died.}° At Hitchin, 99," Charles Bare
‘Ton, esq. 4 )
The Rev. G. Cox, 54; rector of Hinx-
worth.—At Chertsey, Williany Bailey; ésq.
At Tring, 45, Mr.’W. Foster.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE,
Married.] T. A. Cooke, esq. of Peter-
borough, to Mrs. Buggis, of Tinwell._—W.
Lawrence, esq. of Peterborough, to Miss
H. Bringhurst, of Woodstone.—C, Wake,
esq,
1822.}.
esq.-of Courteen-hall,.to. Miss Chelette
Tate, of Harviestown, 'N.B.
Died,| At Tarthingo, Mrs, E. Ore.
CAMBRIDGE AND; HUNTINGDONSHIRE.
The. Chancellor's. gold medal for “the
best English poem by a resident undergra-
duate, was lately adjudged to. Mr. John
Henry Bright, of St. John’s College: sub-
jeet--“/Palmyra.”
Married.] Mr. T. Shallow, to Miss
Legge, both of Cambridge. — Mr. P.
Spenceley, to Miss R. Kempton, both of
Ely.—Mr,, D. Day, of Linton, to Miss M.
Phillips, of Hadstock.—Mr. E. A. Friend,
of Marston, to Miss D. Climenson, of
Walsoken.
Died.) At Cambridge, 49, Mr. W. Witt.
—Mr..R. Ind, deservedly regretted.
_ At Quy-hall, 18, Mrs. A Payne.—At
Rampton, Mrs. Watson.—At Weston Col-
ville; Mr: W. Cowl.
NORFOLK,
The farmers; of North Greenhoe lately
agreed to petition the House of Commons
for relief from their distress. ‘Their peti-
tion stated that they could expect no re-
lief while the House of Commons was
constituted as it now was,—the majority
of which, consisting of. boroughmongers,
placemen, and_ pensionets, could at all
times be procured to support, in the most
mnblushing manner, whatever taxes minis-
ters thonght fit to impose; which were
afterwards ‘expended ‘on placemen and
“peusioners, in supporting an undue influ-
“ence of the crown, in obtaining majorities
in that’ House, and keeping up standing
‘atmies to suppress the constitutional spirit
of the people.
This county, also, lately petitioned
the House of ‘Commons a second time
for relief of agricultural distress. Their
petition contained the following energetic
passage :—“ Any minister who is base
enough to assist in carrying on such a
‘system of government deserves the execra-
‘tion of every honest man, as a traitor to
his sovereign, and an enemy to his country ;
the safety and the glory of the crown of
England resting not apon a rottensystem
of corraption, but upon the uninfluenced
support of a fiee, enlightened, and loyal
penele.’
Married.) G. Seppings, esq. to Miss S.
Booth; of Kodney-street, both of Norwich.
—P. N: Scott, esq. of Norwich, to Miss
‘E, Browne; of € ‘ringleford.--Mr, Dunean,
to Miss Fabbe; Mr...S. Jaggs, to. Miss
D. Andrews: all ‘of Lynn,—Geo. Bunyon,
esq. of the E. I. Co.’s service, to Miss H.
Bignold;,of Cromer,—Mr, R. Ward, of
Acie, to Miss Burton, of Sprowston.,
Died.j At Norwich, in Common-pump
street, 58, Mrs. Andrews,—In St. Bene-
dict’, 73, Mrs, M. Bradford.
At Yarmouth, 45, Mrs. §. Alexander.—
#4, Mrs, M. Bracey.—69, Mra. Roberts.
Norfolk —Suffolk— Essexr— Kent.
573
At Lynn, 74, Mrs. S. Danderson.—In
High-street, Mrs. Peck.—107, Mrs. Miller.
At Fakenham, 52, Mr. R. Catton:.—At
Cromer, 70, ‘Mis. ‘P. ‘Alsop:—At Hack-
ford, 70, Mi. S> Ha'l.—At etiogs, 94,
Mrs, E. Gaze.—At Aylsham, 79, Mr. J.
Overton.—At Limpenhoe, 59, Mr. B.
Maddison.”
SUFFOLK.
This county has been within the month
busily employed in preparing petitions from
every individual parish, to the House of
Lords, against the Corn Bill.
The Society of Arts lately presented a
large silver medal to Mr. Arthur Biddell,
of Playford, near Ipswich, for his inven-
tion of an implement called the hay- borer,
hy which an aperture may be made
through a large stack in ten or fifteen mi-
nutes, in case of over-heating.
Married.| Mr. G. Moss, “of Bury, to
Miss F. Nuna, of Hargrave.—Mr R. Ash-
ford, of Witnesham-hall, to Miss B. Bristo,
of Ipswich. —Mr. J. Clover, of Creeting
St. Mary, to Miss E. Woodward, of Need-
ham-market. — Mr. Robinson, ‘of Albo-
rongh, to Miss Catt, of Woodbridge. —The
Rev. B. Philpot, of Walpole, to “Miss E.
Vachell, of Littleport.
Died.] At Bury, at an advanced. age,
Mr. J. Harvey, of Market Deeping.
At Ipswich, 26, Mr. J. Hewitt.—20,
Miss M. Ray.—70, Mrs. Elliston, late of
Billingdon.—40, Mr. E. Sherman.
At Woodbridue, Mrs- Gosling.—At an
advanced age, Mr. J. Godbold.
At Layham-hall, Assington, '86, Mrs.
Tiffin.—At Woolinuton, 82, Mrs. Macro.
—At Ufford, 29, Mrs. M.oEdwards.—At
Melford, 66, Mrs. Fitch.—At Elmswell,
60, Mr. W. Turner.—At Needham, 52,
Mrs. M. Johnson.
ESSEX:
Married | S. Waterhouse, esq. of Col-
chester, to Miss E. Wright, of Aldbury-
hall.— Mr. J. Head, of Banbury, ‘to. Miss
E. Cross, of Colchester, ‘both of the Society
of Friends.—Mr.'S. Sherman) jun. ‘to Miss
Hood, both of Harwich At Dover-court,
Mr: Billingsley, to Miss M..M. cere of
Harwich.
Died.] AtChelmsford, 79, Mrs. Brown,
—Mr. J. Whitaker, late of Colchester,
At Harwich, Mrs. W. Parsons, sen,
At Manningtree, Mr. W. Worts:
At Southend; Eliza, wife of the Rey,
W.S. Gilly, rector of North Fambridge.
At Blake hall, Wanstead,’ 65, G. Dett-
mann, esq.— At "Shelley, 72) wW. ‘Bullock,
esq: clerk of the peace forithis county.
“KENT.
A meeting of this cotinty was lately held
at Maidstone, to consider’ of a petition to
Parliament ‘on the’ distressed state of ‘the
country, and the’ defective representation
of the people.’
Married.| My, R. Marsh, to Miss M,
3 Wellard ;
574
Wellard; Mr. W.. Elliott,,.to Miss. 8.
Cooper; Mr. J. Webb, to, Miss. S. Cham-
berlain : all of Canterbury..—-Mr. 'P. Beck,
jun. of Dover, to Miss:S, ,Rickman, .of
Lewes.— Mr. 3. Jackson, to Miss J. Hob-
day, both, of Ramsgate,—Mr.. J. Smith,
to Miss $, Duncan;,Mr. G. Felgate,,to
Miss M. Martin; all of Gravesend. F
Died.] At Canterbury, in Dover-lane,
84, Mrs. S. Burgess.—In Northgate-street,
30, Mr. J, Chapman;—In Westgate, Mr.
Tilbee.
At Chatham, 38, Mr. J. Jex.—38, Mr,
J. Wallace.—&3, Mrs. E. Flack, 4
- At Margate, 75, Mrs, Robinson.
At Smarden, 92, Mrs, Judge —At Wye,
75, Mrs. Ferry —At Great Chart, 88, Mr.
J. Harnden.—On Bromley-common, 62,
Charlotte, wife of Samuel Welch, esq.
SUSSEX.
A petition from the land-owners and
occupiers in the eastern part of this
county was lately presented to the Honse
of Commons, praying for relief.
Married.| C. Burrows, esq. to Miss E.
Wilson, both of Brighton.—J. Cursha:n,
esq. to Miss L. Merricks, of Runkton-
house.—Mr. Wheatley, of the Cannon-
house, Buxted, to Miss Knight, of Mares-
field.
Died.| At Brighton, on the New Steyne,
Mrs. Long, widow of Robert Bryan L.
esq.—In West-street, Mrs. Clements.—In
Crescent-house, 71, Mrs. A. North.
At Lewes, 60, Mrs. Featherston, of the
Ciiffi—In the High-street, Mr, Smith.—63,
Mr. 1, Smart.
HAMPSHIRE.
The. Hampshire Agricultural Society
lately held its annual meeting near Win-
chester.
The landowners of Romsey Marsh lately
agreed to petition the House of Commons
for a reduction of taxation.
Married.| Mr. H, Riddett, to Miss M.
Wicker, of Ryde.—Mr. J. Todderdell, of
Newport, to, Miss Matthews, of Kent.—
Mr, W..Steed, of Cosham, to Eliza, daugh-
ter of Capt. Hurst, R.N.
Diced.) At Winchester, at an advanced
age, Mr. Wallis.
At Portsmouth, Mrs. Robyns.—In High-
street, Mrs. Richardson.—Mr. J. Green-
tree._Mr., Serjeant-Major Robinson, of
the Marines.
At Gosport, Mrs.; Willis.
At Ashley-hill, .the-Rey. W.. Hooper,
rector of Moor Monkton.—At. Fareham,
Mr. A. Jack, R.N. ;
WILTSHIRE,
‘The down land which commands a view
of Salisbury has lately been put into a
state of cultivation, the guardians of the
poor employing on that, or on some otlier
beneficial work, every able panper.
Married.) Mr. E. Cocks, of Devizes, to
Miss 8. Cooper, vf Millbank, Westminster.
Sussex —Hampshire—Wiltshire—Somersetshire, §c.
[July fy
—Mr. Page, of- Wilton, to. Miss A. Conrt-
ney, of Stowford,—Mr.Pickett, to Miss
1. Bleaden, both of Calne, )
Died.) At Salisbury,,Mr. J. Eades.
) At Trowbridge, Mr. Jas, Cox.) )
At Malmesbury, Mr. J. Brooke..
At Downton, 58, Mr.J, Baily —At Hay
Farm, 80,.Mr.C.Breome,sen—aAt Chit:
toe, 87, Mr. J. Burton:—At Potterne, Mr.
Lye, much regretted.
SOMERSETSHIRE,
Mr. Hunt has lately ordered halfa tonof
his breakfast powder; packed iu half pounds,
to be sent as his subscription for the relief
of the suffering Erish : five hundred weight
has been shipped for Cork, and) five hui-
dred weight, for, Limerick. ‘This will
afford three meals ajday foria aveek,) of
whelesome and nutritious food, to 2/240
persons, at half a pound each. «| }
A new line. of road. has. within) the
month been opened from Bath) through
Painswick to, Cheltenham, by, which the
facility of intercourse will be much-ins
creased,
Marricd.] Mr..C. Fuller, of High-street,
to Miss M. A. Stevenson ;, Mr, J.) Crisp;
to Miss £, Ford ; E,;P., Dennis; to Miss
M. Dennis; Mr. J, Penny, to Miss Ma-A.
Seward: all of Bath,—Mr,. T. ,Heale,, to
Miss French, both, of Frome,->Mr.) J.
Porter, of Frome, to Miss.,Yeoman;: ef
Wanstrow.—7. Shorland, esq. of Yeovil,
to Margaret, daughter, of the late Colonel
Stevens, of the Eastern Somerset Cavalry.
Died.| At Bath, 33, Mrs. E. Mitchell,
— 68, Mrs. Moore, late, of Salisbury.—In
Walcot-street, Mys. Adamsi—On) Wid-
combe-terrace, Mrs. Sampson.—In.John-
stone-street, the Rev. -S.. Newton, of
Witham.—75, Mr. 1D. Perriman, '
At Shepton Mallet, 82, Murs.) E) Cham-
pion.—Mirs. Higgins.
At Doulton, 40,.Ms, B, Wileox.—Har-
riet, wife of the Rey. H. Sainsbury, rector
of Beckington and Standerwick.—78, the
Rev. Dr. Gunning, reetor.. of | Farmbo~
rough, &c. deservedly lamented.
DORSETSHIRE.
Married.|] W. Devenish, esq. to Miss E.
Weston, both of Weymouth —Mr. J. Pho-
mas, of Stembridge Ash, to Miss E. Best,
of KKingsbury.
Died.|} At Poole, 57, Mrs. Mary, Prind,
a member of the Society of Friends,
At Bridport, Mrs. Golding. ‘
At Standley-green Cottage, 20, Eliza-
beth, wife of Henry Barter, esq.
DEVONSHIRE,
A company has lately been, formed. at
Plymouth, to establish two steam-packets,
to. be employed between. that. port, and
Portsmouth, on the completion of the line
of canal from Lendon through Arundel to
the latter place, about Michaelmas next.
A new line of road has within the month
beeu opened from Plymouth to Tavistock.
; Married,}
1822.)
© Married.| Mr. W. Ford, jun. to Miss
Westbear, both of Exeter.—Mr. D. Lit-
ton, jun. of Dawlish, to’ Miss’ M. EB. H.
Potbary, of Exeter,—T. W. Northmere,
esq. of Cleve-house, to Miss ©. Welby, of
Granrtham-hall.—Lient. Greenway, R.N.
to Miss S. Greénstade, of Plymouth.—At
Tiverton, Mr. ‘T, Parkhouse, to Miss H.
Row, of Sampson Peverell.—Mr. J. Bid-
lake, to Miss M. Coryear, both of Brent.
Died] At Exeter, in St: Sidwell’s, 52,
Mr. J. Hcoper.—On Fore-street hill, 41,
Mrs. Ratcliffe, much regretted.
At Plymouth, in Frankfort-street, Wm.
Woolicombe, m.p.— In Orchard-place,
Mrs. Hyne.
At Dock, int Cross-street, 42, Mrs. Bur-
nell, — In © Southill-buildings, 19, Mrs.
Hewett: In Queen-street, 69, Mrs.
Theain.—In | Pembroke-street, 75, Mrs.
Nelten.—At> Plympton,’ 77, S. Archer,
esq. of Treslake-house, ‘Cornwall, a de-
puty-lieutenant of this county.— At Lew
‘Trenchard, 38, the Rev. T. Darke.
CORNWALL,
A meeting of the agriculturists of this
county took place lately at Bodmin, to
consider the propriety of petitioning Par-
liament fora commutation of tithes, and a
general revision of the laws relative to
that species of property: John Penhallow
Peters, esq. was called to the chair, anda
variety of resolutions were adopted.—The
utmost anxiety was expressed by all pre-
sent* for some general regulation respect-
ingotithes, which’ the clergy enjoy in full,
without maintaining the poor, or building
churehes, which were their original desti-
nations.’ ~ : 1
A numerous meeting of persons in
‘Cornwall, engaged in the ‘pilchard fishery,
was lately held at Truro ; Philip Ball, esq.
in the chair. A discussion of considerable
length ensued, i the course of which it
was stated; as the unanimous opinion of
the meeting, that the imposition of a duty
of ¥s,a bushel on the salt used in curing
pilcbards would’ wholly’ destroy © that
fishery, as a branch of toreign commerce.
Marvied:] R. Johns,’ esq. to Miss Mary
Bull, both of Falmouth.—Mr. Shepperd,
to Miss E. Bray, both of Launceston.—W.
‘Brewdon, esq. of Tetridge, to Miss Start,
of Yealm-bridge.
Died At St. Columb, 54, Miss Mary
Bennett.—Mr. W. D. Willianis.
‘At Camborne, Mrs. Newton.—At Pe-
ran-A throes, '74, Capt. Charles Gundry.
At [llogan Parsonage, 68, the Rev. Li-
vingston Booth, a.m. after having devoted
the greater part of his life to the diligent
and faithful discharge of ‘the important
duties ‘of the pastoraloffice in that and a
neighbouring county ; and manifested; by
‘his zealons labours and extensive benevo-
lence, his unceasing care for the spiritual
and temporal interest of his people. The
sespect and esteem which’his worth had
Cornwall —Watles — Scotland —Treland.
575
secured to him during lis valuable life, en-
hanced bya peculiar suavity of manners,
were fully testified in expressions of the
deepest regret for his loss, by upwards of
one thousand persons of all ranks, who,
on the mournful occasion of his funeral,
attended to pay their last tribute of re-
spect to liis memory.
WALES.
Married.] John Williams, esq. of Pem-
brey, to Miss M. A. Roderick, of Llanelly.
—Henry Grant, jun esq. of Gnoil-castie,
Glamorganshire, to Mary, second daughter
of Lieut.-Gen. Warde, of Woodland-castle.
—D. Lewis, esq. of Newcastle Emlyn, to
Miss Howell, of Morfa, Cardiganshire.
Died.] At Swansea, Mrs M. Griffiths,
regretted.—In Bolton-street, Charlotte,
wife of Richard Verity, esq.
At Carmarthen, 27, the wife of J. M.
Child, esq. of Begelly-house, Pembroke-
shire.
At Haverfordwest, Mrs. Phillips, wi-
dow of the Rev. John P. D.p. of William-
ston, Pembrokeshire.
At Brecon, 79, Frances, widow of N.
W. Lewis, esq.
At Maermor, Denbighshire, 44, John
Lewis Parry, esq. major in the marines.—
At Leeswood-hall, Mrs. Eyton, wife of the
Rev. Hope Wynne E.—Ann, wile of Bell
Lloyd, esq. of Crogen, Merionethshire.
SCOTLAND.
Married.] The Rev. J. Marshall, of
Glasgow, to Miss M.C. Richmond, of Tur-
vey.—J. Neven, esq. of Glenavon, Kirk-
cudbrightshire, to Ann Jane, daughter of
the late Rev. Dr. Wardell; rector of Fish-
toft and Skirbeck, diocese of Lincoln.
Dicd.} At Glasgow, 25, lsabella, wife of
the Rev. B. Marden.
At Maxwell-town, Dumfries, 91, Capt.
George Williams: he served with General
Wolfe at Quebec.
IRELAND.
The south-west part of Ireland has con-
tinued since our last to exhibit new and
appalling instances of suffering and misery.
The philanthropic aids: of England have
reached them; but the general attention
has as yet been confined to the reduction
of the pangs of hunger.’ Without com-
mensurate and energetic interference and
operation by the government, nothing
effectual can be done to restore even that
subdued tone Irelaid once possessed.
Palliatives are insufiicient; the axe ought
to be ‘laid at the rdot'‘of the tree. The
Right Hon. Dennis Browne, ina late ex-
cellent letter to the Matquis Wellesley,
exhibits the causes of the general disorga-
nization and wretchedness, and then re-
commends cures, “’Lhe first cause (he
says,) is @ population and a church csta-
biishment discordant in’ their’ views, and
entertaining a different mode of faith and
worship. ‘The second—a population infi-
nitely beyond the means of employment.
The
576
The third—the mode of paying the clergy
of the Established Church. The fourth—
the absentees : this class of men take from
the country half its rental in currency.
The fifth—the consequent want of cireu-
Jating medium; we have the taxes of Eng-
land, and an inert body to produce them,
The sixth—the episcopal and corporation:
lands: they form (he believes,) one-ninth
part of the whole surface of Iveland.”—
The remedies which Mr. Browne proposes
are—‘‘ ist. To remove all distinctions on
account of religious belief, 2d. The al-
lowance of a fair and moderate stipend to
the Roman Catholic priest and his assist-
ant. 3d. A system of colonization for
draining off the unemployed population,
and the improvement by government of
the waste lands in Ireland. 4th. The
establishment of an efficient Board for the
encouragement of the fisheries. 5th. The
substitution of a Jand-tax for tithes, and of
a Property Tax, under certain modifica-
tions, in lieu of the Assessed Taxes, and the
taxes upon exciseable commodities. 6th.
The establishment of Provincial Banks, in
central situations, each having a capital of
500,000/; 7th. The enactment of a law,
authorising episcopal and corporation lands
to be let on Jeases for three lives, or thirty-
one years.”
Of the ameliorating measures of the
new Lord Lieutenant, nothing has yet
transpired; when promulgated, we shall
be happy to record them.
Married.| G. Newenham, esq. of Sum-
mer-hill, Cork, to Miss Hannah Evans, of
Carker.—The Rev. E. Conyers, of Castle-
town Conyers, Limerick, to Catherine,
daughter of Sir R, Blenherhassett, bart,
Died.] At Dublin, Sir W. Alexander, bart.
At Templemore-house, Sir Arthur Car-
den, bart.
The Right Reverend Dr. Thomas
O'Bierne, lord bishop of Meath. This
celebrated divine was born in the years
1748, at Longford, in Ireland, His fa-
ther was a farmer, a Catholic, and sent his
two sons, Thomas and John, to St. Omer’s,
Ireland, &¢. ~ be py
to be educated for the priesthood. John
continued firm in his faith, but Thomas
took the liberty to investigate the grounds
of his religion; and, renouncing the creed
of the Catholic church, embraced tlie Pro-
testant religion. He afterwards entered
into holy orders in the Protestant church.
When young he published a poem, called
“the Crucifixion,” 1776. He hkewise
published the “ Generous Impostor,” a
comedy, 1780; and the same year, “A
Series of Essays.” On the breaking out
of the American war, he was appointed
chaplain to the ship in which Lord Howe
had bis flag; sailed with him.to America,
and becamea great favourite both with him
and his brother, Sir William Howe. On
his return he became closely connected
with the Portland party; and he wrote
several able pamphlets; among these
were,—* Considerations on the History
of the last Sessions of Parliament, 1781 ;”’
“ Considerations on the late Disturb
ances, 1781,;’’ also, ** Considerations on
Naval Discipline and Courts-martial,”
Finding the character of his patron, Lord
Howe, had been shamefully traduced by
the ministerial writers, he published an
able defence of his lordship’s conduct,
which had a good effect. In 1783, when
the Duke of Portland was appointed first
lord of the Treasury, he nominated Mr.
O’Bierne to be his secretary; but, the
duke being scon removed from office, Mr.
O'Bierne retired, and lived ‘some time in
France, till obliged to quit that country.
When Earl Fitzwilliam accepted the office
of lord lieutenant of Ireland, he took Mr.
O’Bierne with him as his secretary; and,
although he did not remain there long, he
nominated Mr. O’Bierne to the bishoprick
of Ossory. It is'a singular fact, that when
he went to take possession of his see, he
met his brother Jolm, whom he had not
seen for several years, acting as a zealous
priest of the Roman Catholic persuasion.
On the death of Dr, Maxwell in 1795, he
was translated to the rich see of Meath;
and since that time he resided in Ireland,
TO CORRESPONDENTS,
A desire to admit several interesting communications has led to the postponement of the
“ News jrom Parnassus,” and some other regular articles.
In. our next awe shall commence
a series under the title of THE Soctat. Economist ; the object of which will he to exhibit,
in a condensed form, all the detuils of the sevcral established improvements of the age, in the
social and domestic arts.
Proofs may now be had of the curious Houses, at 3s. for eight, neatly done up.
On the 1st of August will appear the Supplementary Number to the FiFTY-THIRD Vo-
lume of this Miscellany, containing extracts from the most interesting publications of the
half-year ; together with a large fac-simile of the Roll of the Ancient Luws of Eri, in the
original Pheenician character ; with Indexes, §c. Sc.
At the same time will be published, the first Number of the w1rry-rourTH Volume of
this Series,—of which, with the aid of his Correspondents, and of the Friends of the liberal
principles on which it has been conducted, the Editor has just reason to be proud.
Persons desirous of completing and binding their sets may be accommedated with nearly
every Number from the commencement ; and an abatement in price will be made on any large
numbers wanted for this purpose.
Exrava.—Page 510, for Jounontan vead JOHNIANS p. 516, art. 6, for the second.
due read proper; and 517, art. 21, for 161, read 256l.—I1n our Number for May, page
305, col. 1, for 110 read 1,100 guineas.
SUPPLEMENTARY NUMBER
To THE FIFTY-THIRD VOLUME or tHe
MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
No. :370.]
JULY 31, 1822.
[Price 2s,
Selections from the Chief Publications of the Half- Year.
—
TRAVELS
IN
GEORGIA, PERSIA, ARMENIA,
ANCIENT BABYLONIA,
&c. §e.
During the Years 1817, 1818, 1819, and 1820.
BY SIR ROBERT KER PORTER.
With mimerous Engravings of Portraits, Costumes,
Antiquities,@c. Ato. 4l. 14s. 6d.
[This is one of the best written, and most
elegant books of travels, which, for
many years, has issued from the press.
The countries visited are deeply instruct-
ing from numerons associations, and we
have not often had travellers who have
-had the author’s courage to explore
their recesses, his ability to describe
them, or his pencil to depict their. most
remarkable objects. He travelled too
* with. the feeling which gratifies the
- reader’s curiosity in regard to the most
striking objects, and his descriptions are
full, clear, and satisfactory. We may’
instance his description of the ruins of
Babylon, those objects of universal
sympathy, and those pictures of what
time will render all cities, however great
or proud. We feel that we have snfi-
. ciently trespassed on the author’s rights
in the length of the quotations we have
made, or we could have considerably
extended them to the pleasure and
profit of our readers. The specimens
* given will, however, we trust, add to the
value of our volume, and stimulate the
patrons of literature to possess them-
selves of the entire work. This second
' -volume completes the author’s plan, and
the first volume we duly noticed ina
- former Supplément.]
A SACRED VILLAGE IN PERSIA.
_ A T three o’clock in the morning of
August Ist, we left the carayan-
sary, and turned our cavalcade into a
north-western direction through another
narrow valley; bounded on each side
/by craggy mountains, which were tra-
versed by the most opposite and varied
strata I had ever seen... A. stream,
equally clear and inviting with those of
the Kala-Gul-Aub, flowed by our path,
’
which lay under groves of wild almond,
Monrucy Mac. No. 3”.
hawthorn, and mulberry-trees, inter-
mixed with large bushes bearing a
flower resembling lavender both in ap-
pearance and smell. Notwithstanding
the vernal luxuriance of such a scene,
the road itself was extremely desert and
bad, being a continuation of rough,
loose stones the whole way from Mayan
to Iman Zada Ismael, a journey of three
farsangs. This latter village is consi-
dered holy ground, and not only shews a
general aspect of comfortable means,
but an air of civilization seldom met
with on this side of Ispaban. Every indi-
vidual in the place claims hisdescent from
Mahommed ; hence they are all called
Saieds, or sons of the prophet. . A pic-
turesque old caravansary nearly in ruins,
and a high-domed building, are its most
conspicuous . objects. _The hospitality
of the natives seems to have rendered the
former useless; and the latter, which
gives its name to the village, covers the
holy relics of the Iman Zada Ismael.
Of his particular history nothing is now
remembered, but that this is his tomb ;
the sanctity of which would of itself hal-
low the ground in its vicinity ; therefore
this spot has, a double. claim: to reyer-
ence, being an abode of the living de.
scendanis of the prophet as well.as of
the dead.
We were lodged in the house of one
of the ten thousand branches -of the
great holy stock, where the most unex-
ampled attention was shown to our con-
venience. forty-five thousand souls;
amongst whom are about six hundred
Jewish families, and nearly the same
number of Armenians.
TOMB OF ESTHER.
The Jewish part of the inhabitants
witly whom JT conversed, shook their
heads at the history of the Judean tomb
on the mountain, but entered with a
solemn interest into the questions I put
to “them, respectivg the sepulchre of
Hstherand Mordecai; the dome roof of
which risesover the low, dun habitations
of the poor-remnant of Israel, still lin-
gerifig?in’the land of their captivity.
‘This ‘tomb is'regarded by all the Jews
who yet’ exist in the empire, as a place
of particular sanctity; and pilgrimages
are still made to it'at certain seasons of
the year, in the same’ spirit of holy pe-
nitence with which in former times they
turned their°eyes towards Jerusalem.
Being desirous of visiting a‘place, which
“Christians ‘cannot’ view ‘without: reve-
rence, I sent to request that favour of
the priest under whose care it is pre-
served. He canie to me ‘immediately
on my message, and® seemed: pleased
with the respect manifested: towards the
ancient people of his nation, in the man-
ner with which T asked to be admitted
to their shrine.
T accompanied the priest through the
town, over much ruin and rubbish, to an
enclosed piece of ground, rather more
elevated than any in ifs immediate vi-
cinity. In the centre’ ‘was the Jewish
tombs a square building of brick, of 'a
mosque-like form, ‘witha ‘rather’ clon-
gated’ dome at the top, Phe whole
seems in a very decaying state p falling
fast to the mouldéred condition of some
wall+fra¢ments’ around, which; informer
times, ‘had’ heen connected” with, “and
extended the consequénee of the sacred
enclosure, ‘Phe ‘door’ that admitted »ts
into’ the tomb, is*in the ancient séptl-
chral fashion of'the country; véry-saiall;
consisting: of a-single” stone ‘of great
thickness, and tarning onits own pivots
from one side. Its ‘key’ as always in
possession of the head of the Jews,'r¢-
sident at Hamadan; and, doubtless, has
been so preserved, from the time of the
holy pair’s interment, when the yrateful
sons of the captivity, wliose lives they
had rescued from universal massacre,
first crected a monament over the re-
mains of their benefactors, and obeyed
the ordinance of gratitude in* making
the anniversary of their preservation; ‘a
lasting memorial’ of Heayen’s niercy,
and the just faith of Esther ‘and
Mordceai. i saodw ovo
The original structure, it is*saidy was
destroyed at the sacking’ of the: place’
by Timour; and soon after’ that’ eatas-
trophe, when the country became’ a' litte
scttled, the present unobtrusive: building
was raised on the original spot. “Cer-
tain devout Jews of the city stoodto' the
expense ; and about a hundred arid filty
years ago, (uearly five hundred! after its
re-erection,) it was fnlly repaired By a
rabbi of the name of Ismael.) © 00 ©
On passing through the little portal,
which we did in ‘an’ alimost'! doubled
position, we entered a small arched
chamber, in which’are seen the graves
of several rabbis; probably, one may
cover the remains of the pious Ismael;
and, not unlikely, the others may ‘con-
tain the bodiés of the first re-builders
after the sacrilegious déstruction by
Timour. Having “trod lightly by ‘their
graves,” a second door of such very con-
fined dimensions presented itself at the
end’ of ‘this ‘vestibule,” we were. con-
strained to’ enter it on our hands and
knees; and then standing up, we found
ourselves ina larger chamber, to which
appertained the dome. Immediately
uuder ifs concave, stand two sarcophagi,
made of a very dark wood, carved with
great intricacy of pattern, and richness
of twisted ornament, with a line of in-
scription in Hebrew, running round the
upper ledge of each. Many other in-
scriptions, in the same language, are cut
on
Sir R. Ker Porter's: Travels.in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c.
b] 9 Sy
on the walls; while.one,of the oldest
antiquity, engraved) ou a, slab of white
marble, 1s let into the wall itself. The
priest.assured me; it, had.beenreseued
from).the ruins. ofthe, first edifice, at,its
demolition, by, the | Tartars;, and,..with
the, sarcophagi,, themselves,.,,was.\ pre-
served, onthe same consecrated spot.
Hebrew-Inseription.of .« Marble Slab in
the Sepulchre of Esther and Mordecai.
Mordecai, -beloved and.honoured
by anking, was great.and good. His
garments were. as those of a sovereign,
Ahasuerus, covered him) with this rich
dress; and also, placed a golden chain
around bis neck, |. 'Fhe.city of Susa re-
joiecd. at. his| honours, and his high for-
tune became the glory of the Jews.”
The inscription which, encompasses
the sarcopliagus.of Mordecai, is to this
effect : x
“Tt is said by.Dayid, preserve me,
O,.God! I am now.,in thy presence,
Lhaye.cried at the gate of Heaven, that
thou. art my God; and what goodness
I, have received: came from, thee, O
Lord !,
Those whose bodies are now beneath
in. this,.earth, when animated by thy
merey, were great; and whatever hap-
piness was, bestowed upon them in this
world, came. from thee, O God!
» ‘Dheir grief.and sufferings were many,
at.the first; ;but they became happy,
beeause,they always called upon thy
holy (name, in, their, miseries... Thou
liftedst. me. up, and I became powerful.
Thine enemies songht to destroy me, in
the early times of my life; but the sha-
dow. of thy hand was upon me, and
covered me, asa tent, from their wicked
purposes !—Mordecai.”
The following is,a translation of the
inseription carved round the . sarco-
phagus of Esther, the queen.
“1. praise thee, O. God, that. thou
hast created me!, I know that my sins
merit punishment, yet I hepe for merey
at, thy hands; for whenever I call, upow
thee, thou art, with me; thy holy.pre-
sence secures me from all evil. 1
. My heart is at.case, and my fear, of
thee increases, My life became, through
thy goodness, at the last full of peace,
_0O,God! do not, shut my soul..ont
from thy,diyine presence! Those whom
thou loyest, never. feel ihe torments of
hell. Lead me, O merciful, Vather, to
the life of life ; that may be filled. wiih
the heayenly fruits of paradise!— Esther,”
, KANDAVAR.
Kandavar, the ancient KoyzeGae, re-
duced to a village, maintains something
Montuty Maa, No, 370, ~
585
of, prolonged.existence, by| preserving a
name so. nearoin sound to its venerable
appellation ,of ,antiquity,,.and shewing
a few human; habitations, still mingling
with the ruins of the past. The village
consists/of about :three hundred: houses,
most. of which occupy. the lofty emi-
nence; so. long celebrated as having been
the site, of a superb temple of Diana.
That. the great goddess’ of Ephesus
would find a host. of worshippers in
Persia, besides its conquerors who built
the temple, is very probable; since the
Diana of the Greeks was the same sup-
posed intelligence whom the Sabian cor-
rupters of the Mitbratic faith deified
under. the: name the
results.of which have-shewn his powers
for negociation: and» political intrighe,
by the adyantages»to himself avhich he
always derived) from these differences.
Hehas now fixed atnibute onthe Pasha,
and maintains.a sovereign inflnencelover
all the considerablechiefs of that partof
Courdistan, which\,appertaiits eto ithe
pashalick, ‘Theiboldnessand command
of such a character isivery'strikingsiand
we see in it iron qualities}, well adaptel
to the government of so; wildya country
as the most part: of southern) Persia;
power to! use, or to: holdin -ebeek; those
predatory and turbulent:spitits which
obey no law but theswordy:Batdliese,
perhaps essential dispositions loccontral
an almost determinately barbarous peo-
ple. would crush the yrowing pragress
of civilization in the/northern ‘partief the
empire ; which requires the blatid infla-
ence of gentleness, goodness;' liberality,
and bravery wedded; to:mercy,'to foster
that -country; into) what) it) promises.
Aud between woisuch opposite charag-
ters as those L have: just sk¢iched, the
contest will lic.. Ube power of Mahmoud
Ali Mirza, wheneverhe chodsesstaexert
it,’ may -be ‘considered formidable, fiom
the extent.and nature of the country un-
der bis jurisdictions: Ltiembraces almost
the wholesofithe Leuristan mountains,
even soofar to! the: south-eastias where
tlicy:mearly;toneb the head)ofidthe: Per-
sian, Gulf;,and; bending round inthe
dine of, ihe Ziloon. hills, ituineludes the
provinee of Khuzistan » iwhence lit muns
porth-westyy by»! Moutito:Zagros, 2) till
bounded by the province of (Ardelar 5a
part of Courdistan; under the nule:of the
Waly of Senna. » Hamadan douches, it
on the morth-east. »Andthus:itmay! be
said to hold-withinitsinfluence two of the
most
Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in
most ancient caprtals'of the Persian‘eni-
pire ;-Nebatan« of the Medesyand Sasa
of Blam, or Snsianas | ‘Besides/from the
numerous tiversowhich flow througly the
extensive valleys-of these numerous dis-
tricts;:this! may: be! esteemed the most
productive;government in the kingdom’;
frwitfallcimi every aliment of: life, and
abundant ino life: itself) by producing
multitudeszofi warlike tribes, Courdish,
Bactiari, Fiebly;:&cJowho-are by “turns,
hosbandimen; soldiers, or robbers. In
the handsiof sucha princeas Mahmoud
Ali; ‘these are formidable resources.
02 DOS ORNTERS2IRAK ‘ARABI.
'o Kanakee fs said to be a place of consi-
derable anitiquity> "Tt may, indeed, be
called ia little town’ its excent occupy-
itigy tora considerable length, both sides
of the river, whiclr is bere pretty broad,
flowing ‘south-west, swith a’ handsome
bridge: crossing its stream. » Delightful
gardens’surround tlie:town'; and there,
for the first time, Ibcheld the date-tree,
with other treasures: of the’ vegetable
world: indigenousto Arabia. We are
mow, infact, entered on the: extensive
revions ofifrak “Arabi; one of the most
interesting: portionsoof the globe, and
which vas also°one of the most fruitful.
Vtiissso: éallede by ‘the: Persians, in dis-
tinetion fromTrak Ajem; the wide divi-
-sionof their.empire to the north-east of
dhe faristretching Gacros ; and even the
short distance we had travelled within
its)botndary) presented'a material dif-
ferences both tins the character of the
coumry; and the aspect of its inhabi-
aants.)(E:have already mentioned the
variationjinits produce; and the people
shewedi:as little similarity to the Per-
sians, as liking to their persons. Jea-
Jousy of ‘too :near neighbourhood, and
detestation of their contrary creeds, may,
perhaps, account forthe Sooneli natives
of Irak Arabi, treating the Sheah sub-
jects: of the Great King, withthe same
absence eforespect) ‘that! the “common
‘order‘of Turks bestow on Christian’ Eu-
ropexns, whenever they dare shew) sach
‘contempt with impunity.) It may notbe
irrelevant: ‘to!*mention ‘here, that othe
Soornch+ faith—is' that which’ ‘considers
Othar’ or Othman, to have ‘been “the
Jegitimate immediate successor in’ tlie
caliphate, ior licad of the Mahoredan
oharel; >to the ‘prophet’ himself ;) and
this isthe ereed of the Turks or Otto-
omans;) While» theo Sheah (looks upon
Omar to: have beenva usurper of | the
sacred throne; having wrested:it from
Alt, the son-in-law, and first disciple of
tlie prophet, and whose attested rizht to
Georgia, Persia, Armenia, §c. 589
the siipremacy was sealed with his own
bl6od and thatofhis son Hossein. The
Persiaris are of this faith; buttulerant
to those of a different’ opinions while
their advérsarics'denounce on them, the
fiostnnequivocal condemuation.
“But to Fetura to the beautiw" banks
of) the °Diala; and * their ‘inhabitawts.
The dréss ‘of these “people, a mixture
of Courdish: Arabian; and? Parkish:
consisting of ‘large flattened turbans,
lone white. trowsers, and “wide ‘ample-
sleeved kaftans bound round the waist
with a piece of linen, or silk of various
colours, in which’ they’ stick a‘ large
crooked knife. * Such were the persons
who appeared from the town, but we did
notthen enterit, rather taking up our qnar-
ters in an excellent khaun: the most spa-
cious, indeed, I had seen on either side
of the Zagros. Close to it flowed a
clear stream ; the usual’ object. of our
idolatry, after one of these hot anid:dusty
rides. ‘
PESTILENTIAL WINDS. 1! |
Oct. 9.—My people were. still ‘too ill
to-day to give any signs of speedy amend-
ment; and in order to while away my anx-
icty in this untoward detention, I sent for
the master of the khaun, to: make some
enquiries respecting the country and its
inhabitants. He told me; ’ that ‘they
consider October the first month of their
autumn, and feel it delightfully cool in
comparison with July, August; “and
September; for that; during forty days
of the {wo first-named Summer months,
the hot wind blows fron {he désert, and
its effects are often’ destructive.’ Tts
title is very appropriate, being” called
the Samiell or Baude Semoon, ‘the pes-
tilential wind. It does not come in
continued long currents, but if gusts at
different intervals, each blast lasting
several minutes, and passing along with
the rapidity of lightning. “No one’ dare
stir from their houses while! this invisi-
ble flame is sweeping over the face of
the country, | Previous t6-its approach,
the atmosphere’ becomes ‘thick and suf-
focatine, and; ‘appearing ‘particularly
dense near the horizon, gives sufficient
warning of the’ threatened’ mischief.
Thouh hostile'to humaii life, it'is ‘so far
from being prejudicial to the vegetable
creation, that’ a continuance’ of the
Samicll tends'to' ripen the fruits. I cn-
quired what becante of the cattle daring
such a plague;'and’was’told they scl-
dom were? touched (by it.’ Tt ‘seems
strange: that°thei lungs should be so
perfectly insensiblé to what scems in-
stant destruction to the breath of an
590
but so it is, and they are re larly driven
down to water at the ia
of day, even wher the fasts are at the
severest, The people; Who attend thiem
are obliged to (Plaster ‘their own faces,
and other par ts of the ‘body usually ex-
pon to the’. air, With a sort of muddy
clay whit hs in general protects them
from its most. jnalignant eflects. . "The
periods: of the wind’s blowing are ge-
nerally from. noo till sun-set ; they
cease almost entirely during the night;
und the direction of the gust is alway “
from the north-east. When it has
passed over, a sulphuric and indeed
Joathsome smell, like putridity, remains
for a long time. The poison which
occasions this smell, must be deadly ;
for if any unfortunate traveller, too fir
from sheltcr, meet the blast, he falls
immediately ; aud, in a few minutes his
flesh becomes almost black, while both
it and his bones at once arrive at so
extreme astate of corruption, that the
smatlesl moyement of the body would
separate the one from the other. When
we, listen to these accounts, we can
easily understand how the Almighty,
in Whose hands are all the instruments
of nature, to work even the most mira-
culous effects, might, by this natural
agent of the S$ Samicll brought from. afar,
make it the brand of death. by which the
destroying angel wrought the destrne-
tion of the ariny of Sennacherib. Mine
host also told, me, that, at. the com-
mencement of November the nights
begin,.to be ke en; and then the people
remove their beds from their airy and
star-lit cunopics at the tops of their
houses, fo the chambers within; a dull,
but comfortable exchange when the
winter ady ances, the cold being fre-
quently at an excess to, freeze the sur-
face of the water in their chamber-jars ;
but almost as soon as the sun rises, it
turns to its liquid state again,
ARRIVES AT BAGDAD.
A stravger arriving from Irak Ajem,
into this renowned capital of Trak Arabi,
cannot fail being instantly struck, with
the marked difference between, the pco-
ple before him,, and those he left north
of the, mountains, "There, the yesture
was simple and close, though Joug, with
a plain-hilted knife stuck in the girdle,
and the bead of the wearer covered wath :
a dark cap, of sheep-skin, Here, the
outer garment is. ample and flowing, |
the turban high and superbly, folded,
and the costly, shawl, round. jhe Waist,
additionally. ornamented with a richly
embossed dagger. _ With personages in
indty times:
Sir R, Ker Porter's, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, 5c.
every, variety of this "Bagdad fi costume,
I saw the ase of Bagdad filled on my
entrance. omettolig® tarbans cof all,
lnies, pelisses, ‘and Vests, of silk, palin,
and cloths, it ted, blue, green, Ke
of every shade and fabric, ‘clot ie a the
motley groupes who: appeared, “every
where ;, some slowly, movitig along the
streets, others scaled Gros: legged
the ground, or mounted on "hotince te by,
a es side, . Sipping their collee,. 5a
thems PS ees pat bd sai ie
but recollect Twas now in: the fare.
famed city of the Caliphs, the capilal o of
Haroun-al-Raschid, through’ whose Tee
mote avenues he and his faithful vizie\
used to wander by wight, in disguise ;
to study the characters of lis subjects,
and to reign with justice.”
The outward fashion of the. houses’
bore an aspect new to me in the Bast.
They are built in different stories, with
withteer openings thickly latticed ; whic h
style giving them an European | appear-
anec, £ felt a kind of welcoming | old.
arqnaintanceship jn looking, at them 3
that, perbaps, made me prefer, th ir
height hefore the low Asiatic dwellings”
I had left. in Persia. “In proceeding 10,
Mr. Rich’s house, the point Whither we
were moving, we crossed through part
of the great bazar. It was. crowded
with people, and displayed every kind
of Asiatic commodity for traffic. “Num-
berless coffee-bouses, intermingled with
shops, were, arrange “d, on eac hh ‘side 5 all
of which, Were. well- stored with, silent
and smoking cuests, seated i in rows like
so. Many painted automatons, There
was a rustling sound of -slippered fect,
antl silken carmeuts, and a low mono.
tonous ium from so numerous a hive;
but nothing like the brisk, abrupt. moyc-
ments, and clamorous noises of a Persian ,
assemblage of the same sort, _ Yet, aS.
all present were not of, tlie tac turn) Na
tion; Jews, Armenians, and, cven some
of the great king’s subjects, mln ling in,
tlie exchange of commerce 3a ‘ino
the swell of aman Voices augmented
a little; ‘but take it in) general, ii
the
Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, §c.
the mysterious crier who. called - the,
enchanted merchandise of the fair
Parabonoo, € a
thei, his sonorous proclamation would
have been. audibly heard over the usu-
ally low murmuring sounds | from the
company, atJarge..
hf city of ‘Bagdad (now to be re-
garded as the capital of Assyria and
Babylonia !y is the residence of the
Pasha; and, according to the character
of the man who fills that, station, pro-
ceeds a temporary, independence of the
pashalick,. or its continued subjection to
the ubiime Porte. Being, so distant
from. the seat of the Ottoman empire,
thie sovereign can seldom stretch his
hands so far, as to have any substantial
control over -his delegate; and, when
either Persia. or the "Arabs chuse to
annoy the pashalick, ifs defence is usu-
ally left to the ways and means of the
deputed governor,
Dowd. (David) the present pasha,
who holds the mace of, deputed dignity
over this far-eastern boundary of the
Oftoman power, like many of the
Moslem princes, was originally a slave.
He isa native of Tiflis, and was sold
when very young, with several compa-
nions in captivily, to one of his prede-
cessors, in the rank he now holds. His
sce arécly formed Christian faith easily
changed to the profession of Mahome-
tanism;‘and, as he grew towards man-
hood, ‘te became one of the Georgian
guards attendant on the person of “the
Pasha, of Bagdad, This was a step to
fuldre trast and honours, to which his
address. and. talents introduced him ;
and when his master met his melancholy
fate, tle accomplished Georgian found
sufficient influence with the divan to
get himself nominated his successor.
A day or two after my arrival at the
residence, of Mr. Rich, he accompanied
me to the palace, where I was to be
presented in due form to this almost
independent viceroy. The state he
assumed was perfectly that of a soye-
reign, ‘prince. Tn himself, his’ manners
were ‘pleasing, his person rather hand-
some, with an intelligent and parti.
enlirly “urbane countenance. On his
Jeariiitig, that I had passed: through
Gedrgia in my way to his capital, the
feelings of natttte took place of princely
cetciionies in his heart. He questioned
mé repeatedly on the present state of
the country; on ifs lope of lasting tran-
quillily, and consequent welfare ; ‘and as
repeatedly cx pressed his #reat pleasure
ja the answers I made, Which described
»
v
then appeared amongst,
59%
the prosperity and, comfort it enjoys
under. the Russian, government. He
then, told me, that his father, mother,
and brothers, lived in Tiflis; and asked,
““if he were to write, to the Russian g0-
vernor of Georgia, recommending his
family to that illustrious person’s espe-
cial protection, did I think it would he
attended to?” Isaid, ‘‘ Doubtless; the
heart of General Yarmolofl was too
good, not to be reacly, of itself, to dis-
pense kindness; but I was sure he
would be particularly delighted in any
opportunity of redoubling his attentions
tu the pasha’s family; and, above all,
gratified at receiving a Ietter from so
distinguished a prince.’ All epistolary
communication between the great of
these countries being accompanied by a
present, his highness proposed to me,
sending a particularly fine shawl to the
Russian general; but, in consideration
of his intended correspondent being a
celebrated military character, I took the
liberty to recommend a sword. On this
suggestion, the pasha commanded, that
several of the best should be, brought
hefore him ; out.of which, at his request,
I chose what I esteemed the most va-
luable, and that was one of liltle ex-
terior ornament, but with a blade well
adapted to a soldier’s hand. Ifs temper
and beauty conld not be exceeded in
any country. Our entertainment in the
saloon of this Turkish chicf, differed in
some respects from the like hospifable
ceremonies in the courts of , Persia.
Soon after taking our seats, which he
did on our entrance, and opposite to the
pasha, small portions of sweetmeats
were presenied to us on the end of a
gold spoon; which was replenished from
a golden saucer, held by an attendant
in one hand, while he thus: appeared to’
feed us with the other. That over,
silken towcls were spread on our knees,
and coffee served. — ‘These napkins were
then changed for niuslin, finély embroi-
dered; aid sherbert, in CoNtly little ¢ cups,
given us to drink, "This Vight regale
being fi finished, our rivht Wands’ received
from a silver ewer, a profase ablation
of rose-water, which’ ‘His highness set us
the example ‘of; bestowinig’ “plentifally
on theheard and mustachios. | Tu order
to, accomplish our perfect fragrance, a
kind’ of censer, filled with’ Hill’ sorts of
ardmatic’ guns, was held’ by’ another
attendant for a’ few scconds near our
chins; the exqnisite exlialations of
which were Gatefully wafted by our
hands oyer our faces, till the perfume,
uniting itself with the essence of rase,
insinuated
592 Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in
insinuated its delightful odours through
all the rough appends of our un-
shaven visages. Tere was, the actual
ceremony performed upon. us, after
eating, which Ihave described as senlp-
tured on the walls of the banqueting
chamber, in the palace of Persepolis.
There a group of persons are seen, “one,
holding a sort of censer, evidently in-
tended for burning perfumes, while in
the other hand he carries a vessel re-
sembling a pail; probably to contain
the aromatic gums. ‘The man who fol-
lows him, bears a little bottle set in the
palm of his right hand, and in the left
he holds a picee of linen or towel:” we
eannot doubt that all this apparatus was
to perform the cleansing rite we had
just gone through. The saloon in which
we were received, exhibited no gaudy
variety of ornament; and those in at-
tendance, both in demeanour and ap-
parel, were in unison with its cleanli-
ness and simple furniture. Most of
these persons, for they were numerous,
appeared to be Georgians; a regular
garde de corps, amounting to several
hundred well-looking young men of
acknowledged bravery and talent,
having been the long-established house-
hold battalion of the pashas of Bagdad.
Tt_is from this body that their favourite
ministers are usually chosen; and too
often the ambitions servant manifests
his gratitude to his master, by engaging
in intrigues to displace him from his
authority, or to remove him to a better
world; that he may, for a bricf while,
seat himself on the same slippery chair
of state!
THE TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES.
The Tigris varies as much in the ra-
pidity,,«s in the depth of its stream,
hoth being governed by the periodical
waters. that rush from the mountains of
Armenia, where its sourees are about
fifty miles north-west of the valley of
Diarbeker. It flows thence, with a
swiltness that. gave it the ancient
Persian name of Zeer or Tir, the arrow,
which is descriptive of its course. ‘The
average rate of its current is about
seven knots an hour. Its first swell
takes place in April, and is produced
by the melting of ihe winter snows in
the mountains; its second appears to-
wards the close of Octuber, or the be-
ginning of Noyember, and rises imme-
diately after the annual rains in those
high regions, But it is only during the
spring torrents, that a complete. inun-
dation coyérs the land, and. the city of
Bagdad stands like a castellated island
Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Sc.
in the midst of a boutidless sea. This
mighty flood does not, however, owe all
its waters: to the Tigris; those of ‘the
vaster Buphtates, which flow algo’ from
Artienia, having receiyed their’ super-
abundance about ‘the beginning of
March, continue inéreasitis in elevation
ti the end of April; at whieh ‘period,
the river being atits highest pitch, ¥e-
Mains so until the expiration’ of Julies
and, during that tine, having spread ifs
welcome waters to meet the overflowing
Tigris, hoth united cover the surromd-
ing country, west, east, and south, to
beyond the reach of sight. Soon after
they have subsided, spots, which at this
season flourish only partially, become
enriched to an amazing Juxurianee.
Herodotus, speaking of the fertility ‘of
Babylonia, ascribes it to the influence
of the river; bat remarks, that it does
not, like the Nile, enrich the’ soil by
overflowing its banks}; the dispersion of
the waters, he adds, being produced by
manual labour. Rather, we might'say,
held in check by that means ; for, doubt-
less, the perfect state of the numerous
canals, now in ruins, or totally ost,
would regulate the diffasion “more
within the limits of what might be
called voluntary irrigation ; and “when
the water is very low, it has always’ been
raised to use by machines on its banks.
The Euphrates, or Phrat, is’a’ much
more magnificent stream than the Tigris,
flowing in a more abundanf, circuitous,
and majestic course, from its Sources in
Armenia, through a length of ehannet
estimated at fourteen thousand miles.”
CLIMATE OF BAGDAD.
The latitude of Bagdad, from the
mean observations taken by Mr. Rich
and others, is 33° 19! 40”; and the lon-
vitude east of Greenwich, 44° 44’ 45",
The climate, im general, has the advan-
tage of parts of Persia, in not being
variable in such violent extremes; but
then its warmest months are certainly
insufferable, from the abiding effects of
the forty days’ prevalence’ of the’ 'con-
suming samicll. At that: season, the
thermometer frequently mounts in the
shade, from 120 10 140 degrees of heat,
according to Fahrenheit. | Hence itmay
easily be conceived that’ winter is! the
most genial season here ; and the’ inha-
bitants teil’ me, that the air’ thet’ be-
comes soft, and of the most ‘delightful
salubrity; particularly, they say, from
the fifteenth of November to about’ the
middle of January. At’ present; to-
wards the latterend of October; while I
am writing, the skirts of the’ ‘withering
blast,”
Sir R, Ker Porter's Travels.in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c.
last,” seem tobe yet hovering ovenus;
she heat.standing at,90, and, has, been
trom that. to 93, on an average, ever since
my-arriyal.,.. When the NeahaRproad es
ten. degrees beyond this point, the, inha-
bitants betake themselyes,to the nefuge
of,certain, arched apartments called the
Zardaub; constructed deep ia.the foun-
dations, of the house, .for this very pur-
pose: ,From, their situation, they can
have.no,windows ; thercfore catch, their
glimpse of daylight.as it may, glimmer
through, the;.doors, from, the, chambers
aboye,,... Thin matting supplics.the place
ofscarpets, and, every precaution, and
methods pursued that,can bring cool-
ness. to;these.sloomy,abodes.; where the
chief partof the natives.of Bagdad pass
the,whole of, the,suliry day, while the at-
mosphere. without .retains its..more
scorching fires.;, Atsun.set, cach family
issues,.from their subterranean shelters,
and,ascending to the, top.of the house,
take, theirevening repast bencath the
arch; of; heaven.,;,.And under.the same
free, canopy,,..“‘fanued, by tepid airs,”
they, spread, their, bedding. along the
variously disposed divisions of the roof ;
whose uregular forms are so. contrived,
fo catch, every zepbyr’s. breath that
passes.,,.Jn these.elevated apartments,
the «natives repose, until the close of
Oetober;; at which, time the days be-
come comparatively.cool; and sudden
blasts blowing up during the night, from
the, north, and. south-east, render sleep-
ingein, the, open, air, chilling and dan-
gerous., Hence, at these nocturnal hours,
the.good people, begin. to nestle into the
warm corners within.the house; but dur-
iug the.day,, they; describe the atmo-
sphere, to be every thing that is cclestial;
so clear, so, balmy, so inspiriting, as to
yield;suflicicnt excuse to the great mo-
narehs of Persia, for, deserting the arid
regions, ef their own kingdom at this
season, to, take up.a temporary abode in
the salubrious gardens of Amyites, |.
f efoolip CUSTOMS, IN BAGDAD« aad
.» From, some, sad warp: in the present
goverpment, hardly.a year clapses with-
ont making an, apparent necessity, under
the. plea of apprehended , scarcity and
consequent; dumults, for driving, some
handreds of, the poor inhabitants, from
within, the walls, to seck their bread, on
chance; beyond them, That such fears
are not gronudless, is certain; want, of
grain creating high prices, and high
prices, exciting famishing poverty to
despair and revolt. Such scarcity arises
from two, causes, Kirst, oppression in
excessive taxation on the husbandman,
Monroy Mac. No. 870.
'
593
by, robbing him, of ,its fruits, paralyses
his industry ; and, relaxing bis labours,
less, corn, is grown, less profit is pro-
dueed to the revenue; exaction then
comes in. the place of due, payment: and
the peasantry, driven to desperation,
abandoning their villages, seek employ-
ment in the city. There the defalcation
of grain makes itself speedily known ;
and the new ingress of claimants renders
the want more apparent eyery. hour.
To obviate this difficulty, the summary
measure is resorted ‘to of annually
banishing the most miserable of the in-
habitants; to starve in the desert, to
wander to the mountains; or, abiding
nearer home, to league themselves with
robbers, and support themselves and
families by plundering and murder.
We sce poverty and distress in the
Christian countries of Europe; but we
must come to the East to witness the
one endured without pity, and the other
only noticed to have fresh aflictions
heaped upon it. Ido not mean to say,
that there are not amiable exceptions to
this remark ; but where charity is not a
leading principle of duty, the selfisliness
of human nature readily turns from the
painful or expensive task of sympa-
thising with the miserable. General
hospitality, and universal benéyolence,
arise from totally different motives; and
are, often, as completely distinct ‘in
their actions. The one is bestowed on
grounds of probable reciprocity of be-
nefit; the other, when not cofnmanded
by religion, can only arise from:the com-
passion of adisintcrested heart. ‘Hence,
though we find individual instanées of
this species of beneyolence in all’ coun-
tries, it is only where Christianity pre-
vails, that care of the poor fs practisedas
a national concern. In the midst of the’
scenes just described, acting within and
without the walls of Bagdai,’ luxury
grows, as rankly round the rich, as in
the most prosperous cities; aid the ex5
pences lavished on “singing-men, ‘and
singing-women,” brought from afar, are
equally enormous. ‘The ladies of’ Bag-
dad, in particular, appear to be singu-
larly, inclined, to festivity; and their as-
scmblies, like those of our own country-
women, are, generally held during the
Jater hours of the twenty-four. “They
usually mect, by invitation, at the harem
of some one of the wives of the chicf
officers of state ; where due care has been
taken to provide the best female
dancers, singers, and musicians, that the
city affords; and thither, abont sun-set,
the seyeral hidden gcuésts assemble, in
Te the
594 Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels.in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c.
the most lovely groups’ of youth and
beauty, attended by ' their’ serving-wo-
men bearing their narquillies ; a sort of
hooker or kalioun, of which ‘even: the
most delicate: of the’ fair sex. in’ these
countries are remarkably fond. Before
I proceed with the details of the enter-
tainment, it may not be amiss to stop,
and describe the dresses of the ladies,
in the customary style of drawing-room
paraphernalia.
Women of the first consequence here
go about on ordinary occasions on foot,
and with scarcely any attendants; it
being the etiquette to avoid, when in
public, every striking distinction of ap-
pearance. In compliance with this
fashion, all the fair sex of the city, high
and low, walk abroad in the blue-
checked chadre; its folding drapery hay-
ing no other mark of an august wearer,
than a few gold threads woven into its
border, Tnstead of the white towel-like
veil of the Persians, these ladies conceal
their faces behind a much more hideous
mask ; a black stuff envelope of horse-
hair. ‘The liberty they possess, of pay-
ing visits without the surveillance of -a
male guard, and under these impenc-
trable garbs, are privileges perhaps too
friendly {o’a licence their husbands do
uot intend. So much the reverse is the
case with Persian women of rank, they
hardly move but on horseback, and es-
corted always by trains of eunuchs, and
other trusty vigilants.
When the fair pedestrians of Bagdad
issue from bekind their clouds, on enter-
ing their own apartments, or those of the
ladies they go to visit, dresses are dis-
played’ in ‘every group, of the most
gorgeous magnificence ; for it may ea-
sily: be conceived, that rivalry with re-
gard to personal charms, and graceful
habiliments, flourishes amongst the
belles of an’ Eastern harem, as gaily as
with’ those of af’ European ball-room.
The wives ‘of the higher classes° in
Bagdad are usually selected from the
most beautiful gitls that can be obtained
from’ Georgia and Circassia; and; to
their natural charms, in like manbner
with their captive sisters’ all over ihe
East, they add the fancied embellish-
ments of painted ‘complexions, hands
and feet dyed with henna, and their hair
and eye-brows stained with the rang, or
prepared indigo-leaf. \ Chains ‘of ‘gold,
and collars of pearls, with various or-
naments of precious stones, decorate the
upper part of their persons, while solid
bracelets of gold, in shapes resembling
serpents, clasp their wrists and aneles.
Silver and golden tissued mutslins, not
only form \their ‘turbans, but frequently
their undergarments,» Insummer, the
ample pelisse is»made ofthe mast
costly shawl; and, in cold weather, lined
and‘ bordered) with) the -choicest,| furs.
The dress is:altogetlier very becoming ;
by‘its easy folds, and glittering, transpa-
reney, shewing a fine: shape. to.advan-
tage, without the immodest exposure of
the open vest of the Persian ladies... The
humbler females generally move abroad
with faces totally unveiled, hayingy/a
handkerchief rolled round) their beads,
from beneath which ‘their’ hair hangs
down over their shoulders; while another
piece of linen passes ander their chin, in
the fashion of the Georgians.|) Their
garment is’) a gown of>a shift) form,
reaching to’ their ankles, open before,
and of a grey colour. ‘Their’ feet: are
completely naked» Many of the very
inferior classes. stain their bosoms) with
the figures of circles, half.moons, stars,
&e. ina bluish stamp. In this barbaric
embellishment, the poor damsel of Trak
Arabi has one point of vanity resembling
that of the ladies of Irak Ajem. - The
former frequently adds >this. frightfal
cadaverous hue to her lips; and, to com=
plete the savage appearance, thrusts'a
ring through her right nostril, pendent
with a flat button-like ornament, set
round with blue or red stones.
THE RUIN OF AKARKOUFF.
I lost no time in making arrangements
for visiting the eminence, called that; of
Akarkouff, The late successes of the
Arabs, having emboldened them to ad-
vance in plundering parties, even to the
walls of the city, it had: become dan-
gerous to go to the smallest distance
without a guard ; I therefore set. off on
this my first expedition to explore: the
colossal relics of these Titan regions,
with an adequate escort, besides the
good company of the two gentlemen
attached to Mr. Rich’s mission: We
erossed the bridge of the Tigris to its
western shore; and again traversing that
Jarge suburb, with the stiil more exten
sive remains of old Bagdad beyond the
walls, our party took a north: west direc-
tion over the plain, towards the point of
my present curiosity ; which lay at seve-
ral miles’ distance. | The tract of coun-
try we passed over this morning isregu-
tarly overflowed by the waters of: the
river ; and many spots were left not-yet
dried ‘up, of an expanse wide enough to
be called Jiitle Jakes. ‘The soil, conse-
quently, even under neglect, is» very
rich ; while the endless intersecting re-
mains
Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c.
mains‘of {he numerous canals, which, in
‘former days, conveyed away the super-
fluous ‘waters from the whole land:of
Shinar, show the great care of the an-
‘cient inhabitants to cultivate the ground
“to! the cutmost) power of: husbandry.
Near ‘to ‘these broken’ ‘embankments,
‘vise ‘mounds of higher elevation; mark-
ing, nodoubt, the sites of the villages,
‘once “inhabited. by: these industrious
peasantry, who wrought on those banks,
aud ‘in the fields now abandoned to the
desert,
Phe pile to which we were directing
our steps, is called) by the Arabs Ted/
Nimrood, and: by the: Turks Nemrood
Tepassé, both of which appellations
mean the Ziill, not, as some would traus-
late them, the tower of Nimrod. ‘The
term Akarkouff, given by the Arabs, is
intended: to signify the ground only
around it; and the word, having no dis-
linet: meaning in the Arabic language,
most probably was the name of some
ancient city of the Babylonians, long
ago disappeared.
On arriving at’ the huge pyramidal
mass which appeared in the center of
this tract, we found it standing upon a
gently gradualelevation, ascending from
the perfect level upwards of sixty yards.
'Phis'apparently foundation-hill, though
in favt only a collection of rubbish round
the pile itself, consists of loose sandy
earth, ‘intermixed “with fragments of
burnt brick; pottery, and a kind of hard
clay partially vitrified. . Lmeasured one
ofthe baked bricks that was nearly en-
tive ; itformed a square of twelve inches,
in thickness two and three quarters, and
was’ of an excessively hard substance.
No- characters whatever were traceable _
on this specimen, nor on any of the
fragments we saw. From the gentle
elevation: just described, rises an enor-
mous: solidly-built. mass, crowning. it
like a rock, and coimposed entirely, of
sun-dried brick, | Its present irregular
shape, worn away by time, and furrowed
by the rain of ages, leaves no. possibility
of doing more than conjecturing its.ori-
ginal form, Its sides face the cardinal
points... Neither mounds nor, avy. rub-
bish of ancient decay, track its. more
distant vicinity,in any direction. except
tothe Hast, where, not many paces from
the foot of the Tepessé, a couple of ex-
tensive and high; heaps of ruins, com-
posed, of the same materials with those
of their, more gigantic, neighbour, vany
the perfect flat of the plain, The height
of the, 'T'epessé, from, the summit of the
gradual. slope, from which the sore
595
ponderous fabric shoots upwards, to the
towering irregular top of the whole, may
be about -a hundred and ‘twenty-five or
thirty feet; and its circumference at the
bottom of this upper structure, is three
hundred feet; which huge pile, at about
ten feet in a perpendicular line from its
base, measures a hundred feet, in. the
breadth of its. face... Prom its founda-
tion, and the whole way. up to. its, sum-
mit, the different layers. of sun-dried
brick or clay, of which it is composed,
may be traced. with great. precision.
But the several,courses vary so much.in
height, that some are twelve, others
eighteen, or twenty. feet; while every
brick in each layer of the course is
united to its neighbour by a thin lining
of pure slime; no other cement what-
ever being visible ; though each horizon-
tal division between these courses. is
marked by a.stratum of reeds, similar to
those which at-present grow all over the
marshy parts of the plain. They bed
every fifth or sixth Jayer of brick, to\a
thickness of two inches, lying regularly
one over the other, unmixed with any
other substance ; and, as the adjacent
part of the bricks gradually. crumble
away, these strata project from: the sur-
face,-and are very distinguishable at a
considerable distance. Their state of
preservation is indeed wonderful ;. the
only apparent difference, between them
and the gathered growth of the. present
year, seeming to be, that these, of so, re-
mote a harvest are of a darker hue, I
drew a large quantity out, and: found
many of them two feet. in length, . It
does not appear that, in constructing
these sun-dried bricks, any straw was
mixed with the fabrick;. and;in,.exa-
mining various. fragments, of ,,,burnt
brick, I sought.in vain, for, a morsel .of
bitumen. The whole, of this,,curious
pile seems to be solid, excepting where
certain square perforations,, going , di-
rectly through, must intersect each
other in the heart of the, building,.and
were, probably, intended to | preserve it
from damp, by. the constant, succession
of free air.) | There,is also; on its, north-
ern face (which is nearly perpendicular,)
and at a, considerable elevation from the
hase, an opening, ofan, oval. form, rather
larger than a common-sized window;
butit does not penetrate farther into the
pile. than six, or eight feet. |
From, the; ;ajready, mentioned ruins
and mounds near.to the Tepessé, some
traces of a former-city are certainly ap-
parent; and the scripture account of the
establishment.of Nimrod in this country,
gives
596. Sir Ri Ker Porter's Travels.in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Se.
gives authority for seeking in At, the re-
mains; of several places! of that \conse-
quence,’ besides those .of the great capi-
tal,. ‘The words are these, from Genesis,
“ And the beginning of his kingdom was
Babel; |,and; Brech, and Accad, “and
Calneh,in-the land-of. Shinar.” | Hence,
we may /find, one here; and the third
name: in the; above; enumeration seems
not.very dissimilar to that of Akarkouff.
Ammense pyramidal piles, like this of
the 'Fepessé Nemrood, at Akarkouff,
seem to be peculiar marks by whicii we
may discover the sites, at least, of the
earliest settlements of mankind; but to
what different purposes tliey were se-
verally applied, must, with most of
them, always remain a matter of con-
jecture.. With regard to the Tepessé,
LI should suppose the mass we now see
to be no more than the base of some
loftier superstructure, probably de-
signed for the doubie use of a temple
and.an observatory; a style of sacred
edifice common with tlhe Chaldeans,
and likely to form the principal object
in, every city and town devoted to the
idolatry, of Belus, and the worship of
the stars.
THE RUINS OF BABYLON,
November 9th, 1818.—I was now
fully embarked on my long-anticipated
expedition; and having passed the gate
of the western suburb, I looked around
me. onthe vast extended Chaldean
plain east of the Euphrates, with a de-
light that seemed for some minutes to
send me on the. wing over its whole
interesting: tract; \rangivg both sides of
that) mighty river, and to wherever thc
majesty of Babylon tad flowed down its
venerable stream.
According to Herodotus, the walls
were sixty miles ia circumference, built
of large bricks cemented together with
bitumen, and. raised round the city ia
the form of an exact square; hence they
measured fifteen miles along each face.
They were eighty-seven feet thick, and
three hundred, and fifty high, protected
on the outside by, avast diteh lined with
the saine, materials, and-proportioned in
depth and width. tothe elevation) of the
walls. ., They were, entered, by. twenty-
five gates on each sides, made of :solid
brass; and additionally strengthened by
two hundred and, fifty towers... Within
these wails, rose, the, multitudinons
streets, palaces,.and) other, great, works
of Babylon ;, including. the. temple, of
Belus, the hanging gardens, and all the
magnificence which constituted this city
the wonder of the world.’ A branch of
othe Euphratesoflowed/through the city,
from, the north ‘tosthe: south; and was
crossed by-asttong bridge, constructed
atthe foundation, of Jargenstones fas-
deneds together »with oleéad> and: \iron.
Wohilecitowas building; ‘thercotrse of
the iver was turned into.allarge basin,
tothe: west of the town, which bad! been
cut/to:the:extent tof forty square miles,
and: seventy-five feet deep, for-ial yet
nobler purpeses> to receives the same
ample stream) while: the great artificial
banks were crecting» of: brick, Gaveach
side of the Led of the river, ito secure
the country from its:too abundant oyer-
flow. Canals were cut for this purpose
also; one of these led to the immense
basin already! described, | which, when
required, disembogued the ‘river into its
capacious bosom ; and always continticd
to receive its superflux; returning the
water, when -necessary,* by ° various
sluices to fructify the: ground. During
the three great empires of the:East,:no
tract of the whole appears to’ have been
so reputed: for fertility; and riches::as
the district of Babylonia; and/all arising
from the due management: of: this
mighty stream. |» Heredotus ‘mentions,
that even when reduced to the raik-of a
‘province, it yielded)a revenue «to the
kings of Persia that. comprised balfitheir
income. And the terms in which: the
Scriptures describe its natural, as well
as acquired, supremacy when it was the
imperial city, evidence the same facts.
They call it, ‘ Babylon, thes glory ‘of
kingdoms, the beauty of the Chaldee’s
excellency: The Lady of Kingdoms,
given to pleasure; that dwellest:care-
lessly, and sayest inher! heart, £-am,
and there is none else. beside me!’
But now, in’ the same expressive Jan-
guage, we may say,! “She'sits jas a
widew on the ground.» ‘Phere is) no
more a throne for thee, O daughter of
the Chaldeans!” | And) for the aban-
dance of the country, it. has vanished as
clean away, as if “the besony of deso-
lation” had! indeed sweptit from nerth
to south; the whole land, from the out-
skirts! of Bagdad to the farthest stretch
of.sight, lying a melancholy waste.
"Dhe »present’ pepulation of this part
of the ycountry cobsists of acracecot
Arabs, called: the tribe of Zobiede ; -bui,
from their situation, beings much in
contact with the Turks, they have lost
{heirnational character ofindependence,
and acquired in-its stead rather degrad-
ing than -clevating habitss «In)times of
tranquillity from openly «declared war-
fare; these people and their chicf are
responsible
Sir Ry Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &e.
‘ower! partioP: his face.
responsible ito the government of “tlic
Pasha ‘for the general ‘security! ofthe
rdad from casual depredators; butander
the -present ‘circumstances; when! their
brethrens of) the desertioissue>'forthioin
‘such formidable hordes, these poor crea-
tures dare Larldly show their heads.:
fod f complained of want of:cleanliness
mii ithe persons'cof!othe> Persian ‘lower
orders; I have notderms to express ‘the
exceeding Joathsomeness of the Arab
Fella. >The skins of tliese people are
lactually ingrained with dirt; and the
male children, additionally embrowned
wdyothe roasting sui, run about till thir-
teen or fourteen ycars of age, without the
shadow of a! garment!) The mothers
answempretty welloto the description I
haveialveady given!of the lowest class in
‘Bagdad. ;The only’ difference appears
to be; thathere their)shift-like gowns are
‘always of a. coarse*red ‘flannel, open a
ood way down in front, buttoned at the
neck, ‘and ‘touching the: ankles and
wrists; both of which extremitics are’
usually: adorned witli massive silver
rings. ‘Strings of many-coloured beads
hang on their tattooed necks, sometimes
enriched witha silver or gold coin. A
black: handkerchief binds their heads,
Beneath: which devolve their Jong un-
‘combed ‘tresses: The nose is’ never
Avithout: its weighty ring also, which
‘gives rather‘a*snoffling grace to the
Woice of the wearer.
-tofPbe: men do not, like the Turks and
Persians, shave their heads; but, letting
their hair grow, its dark locks much in-
crexse the wild and often haggard ap-
pearance sof their roughly bearded
wvisages. > They frequently are seen with-
‘out other covering than the haffia or
cloak, formed of an extremely: broad -
striped staff. This: is the domestic: at-
tire, inowhich they ave met in the vici-
nity of their homes; but when they go
farther: a-field, they put on a brown
woollen: tunic, girt) about the middle
with a stout leathern belt, armed witha
short: wooden club, or a long crooked
dagger. Mostiof them carry, in addi-
tion, a scymetar, anid a small: round
shield.» “The head- dress: of Arab men
appears the point to whieh they pay the
most: attentions »It-is: usually of one
fashion with all; being) composed of a
yellow: and réd_ picce: of stuff; wound
round the browslike a:close turban, with
poitited) ends: banging slong upon the
‘breast. The wearer sometimes throws
one of them across bisichin; which piece
of drapery, falling on his shoulder, con-
eceals his neck and the whole of the
597
From the folds
round his forehead) depend two twisted
braidsofiong blackshair; which add not
‘andittle Of the savage tothe wily air of
the dower orders of ‘this tribe.
oNoye 10th We left the khaun* of
Iskanderia*at half-past seven” o’élock
this morning. “Soon after clearing the
numerous low ‘heaps of rains and yub-
bish diverging’ fron’ the piace, we dis.
covered the golden cupola of Mosscib,
reflecting the rising ‘sun, in’a direction
south 40° west. © Waving travelicd
about four miles farther, the usual traces
of former buildings spread a vast way on
the rest of our road ; and one relic, not
inferior in bulk to that of Boursa
Shishara, stood very couspieuous. It
was built of unburnt bricks, marked at
their lines of union with no other ce-
ment than that of shine ; neither rceds,
nor straw, appeared outwardly ;-and at
first I judged) it to have been of more
receut construction than the former pile
Thad ascended; but, on examining some
broken pieces of the bricks; which lay
thickly around, I found several bearing
remnants of cuneiform inscriptions ;
proof sufficient of the antiquity of the
materials at-least. But whether the
place, of which the ‘edifice they com-
posed had formed a part, were coeval
with Babylon, or was ‘afterwards
erected out of her remains, cannot easily
be determined. Yet, so extensive and
numerous are the traces of former build-
ings on the spot, we must conelade that
something like a town has existed here;
and if the historical acconnts'are'to be
depended on, that the original dimen-
sions of Babylon extended to a length-
and breadth of fifteen miles, the adja-
cent great villages, or minor towns,
usually attendant on metropolitan cities,
might very well reach thus far.
Mahowil lies four miles from’ the
Hadgé’s khaan; and is ‘only separated
from the plain more Immediately con-
nected wit! the remains of Babylon, by
the embankments of two onee'ioble ca-
nals, very near each other; and running
almost due east and’ west. ‘In ‘the first,
whieh we crossed by a brick bridge, we
saw ‘water.’ These canals'secm at pre-
sent to be regarded ‘as’ the ‘boundary,
whienee the decided vestiges of the great
cily commerfice 5 and'we’ Soon disco-
vered’ thei’ widely° spreading tracks.
In crossiig’ the’ bridge,’ which leads to
those iiimense tumuli’ ‘of ‘temples, pa-
Jaces, and human’ habitations of every
enc attagee Pesos ee ttt eee
* Inn or cavayausery.
description ;
598
description ; now buried in shapeless
heaps, and’ a silerieé profound as’ the
grave; I could ‘notohut(feel an unde-
scribable awe, ip thus passing, as it were,
into the gates of, “fallen Babylon”
Between this bridge and | Hillah
(something more than’ cight miles dis+
tant), three piles! of great magnitude
particalarly attract atvention; but there
are Many minor objects to arrest ivesti-
gation in the way. A mound of consi-
derable elevation rose on our left as we
rude'ulong, not five hundred yards trom
the second embankment 5) its. sloping
sides were covered with broken bricks,
and other fragnients of past buildings,
while the ground aroutd) its! base pre-
sented a most nitrous surface.’ Atatew
hundred yards onward ‘agaiv, another
mound projected of still greater height,
and from it branched subordinate eleva-
tions ia ‘several directions, I here had
a fine’ View of the great oblong pile,
ealled by the Arabs Mujelibé, or rather
Mukallibe, “the overturned;” an attri-
butive term, which; however, they do
not confine to this sublime wreck alone ;
other remains, in this immense field of
ruin, bearing the saine striking designa-
tion of the manner of its fall, BLujelibé
bere from the elevation on which we
stood, ‘south 10°. west. Having pro-
ceeded about a couple of miles from the
two canal ridges near Mahowil, we
adyanced to another and higher em-
bankment, of a totally different appear-
ance from that ofa'water:course. It ran
almost due ‘east ard west, until lost to
ile eye’ in the liorizon on both sides... I
rodé # considerable way along its base,
to ‘examine whether there might not be
some trace of a'ditch, and, though I did
not discover'‘any, nor, indeed, aught that
Wis atall answerable to our ideas of
what would have been even a fragment
of the Vast bulwark-walls of ‘Babylon,
yet P saw no eatise to doubt its being a
reamant of some minor iiterior boun-
dary.
The whole of our road was ona tolera-
bly equal tracks excepting where una-
voidably brokew by small mounds, de-
tached pieces’ of canal embankments,
and other indications ofa place iy ruins;
mingled with! marshy hollows in ‘the
ground, and large nitrous spots, from ihe
deposits of accumulated rubbish. Tna-
deed it was almost impossible’ to note;
while their number confused our'anti-
quarian researches, the endless ramifica~
lions of minor aqueducts, whose remains
infersevted the way. At about’ four
miles in advance fromthe long: single
Sir Rye Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &e.
embankment, or interior boundary ridge
1 mentioned before, we crossed avery
spacious: éanal-; beyond “whicli; ‘to’ the
eastward, tbe plain appeared a ‘vast un-
intefrapted flat..G— St tumiove nm
» Aw hourand aquarter’ more brought
us tothe’ northeast! shore of the din-
phrates, ‘hitherto totally exeladed “from
our ‘view! by’ the ‘intervening Jong'and
varied) lines ‘of rain, which now! pro-
claimed to'ts ‘on every side; that’ we
were, indeed, in tho midst of owhat had
been Babylon. © From ibe pointoon
which we stood, to the base of Mujetibé,
large masses of ancient ‘foundations
spread’ on our right; more Fesembling
natural bills in appearance, than mounds
covering the remains: of former-great
and splendid edifices. » "Po the eastward
also, chains of these: undulating leaps
were visible, but many not higher than
the generality of the canal embankments
we had passed. “The whole view was
particularly solenm. © Phe’ majestio
stream of the Buphrates wandering in
solitude, like a pilgrim monareh through
the silent ruins of bis devastated king
dom, still appeared a noble river, ever
under all the disadvantages of itsdesert=
tracked course. Its banks were hoary
with reeds, and the gtey osier ‘willows
were yet there, on which the captives of
Israel bung up their harps, and, while
Jerusalem was not, ‘refused to be com-
forted. But how is the rest of the scene
changed since then!) ‘At that) time;
these broken. hills ‘were palaces;'those
long undulating mounds, ‘streets’; ‘this
vast solitude, filled with the busy sub-
jects of the proud daughter of the Kast!
Now, “ wasted with misery;”: her ‘babi-
tations are not to be! found; and, for
herself, “ the worm is spread over her!”
Our road bent, from the immediate: bank
of the river, to the south-east; and, after
crossing the bed of a very wide canal,
almost close tothe bank we were leay-
ing, we entered on an open ‘tract, on
which I saw the extensive encampment
of the Kiahya Bey. > The town of Hillah
lay'a couple of miles beyond it; a tong
stretch of low-bulwarked) wail, but ens
livened by cupolas and glittering mina-
rets, and the tops of numerous ‘planta-
tictis’ of date-trees, with ‘other green
botighs fromthe gardens, through w hose
pleasant ‘averiues we soon approached
the gates of the place. Ow ‘passing
them, £ found a house prepared for mejin
tlie’ suburb of the city, onthe east side
of thé river and not far fromthebridge.
I could not have had a more desirable
situation, for comparative coolness ‘aad
interest
Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels.in
interest of prospect... Our ridetbis. day
had occupied nearly nineshoars, and over
a space of ground.about the same,as,tho.
day, before, namely, twenty-eight, miles.
November 12th.—By_,the appointed:
hour, this. morning, the. kiahya’s officer
appeared before my, gate;;at the head of
a hundred, |well-armed .men,; some. of
whom were, Arabs; all. fairly moanted,
and. ready to. atlend; me)to that part,of
the desolated.land.of Shinar which ties
west of the Eupbrates:. My immediate
object) was, the, Birs Nimrood; the
tower mentioned by Neibuhr with so
mucb, regret at his having been pre-
vented; by apprehension of ile wild
tribes. in, the desert,, from, closely exa-
mining, its prodigious remains. But the
observations: he’ was. enabled to make,
however, short, of his, wishes, were sufti-
eient to;awaken. in him an idea, now
ably, supported .by. the» more. compre-
hensive. investigations of the present
British resident at Bagdad, that in this
pile. we ‘see the very Tower ‘of Babel,
the, stupendous . artificial. | mountain
erected,.by. Nimrod in-the plain of
Shinar,,.and..on. which, in after-ages,
Nebuehadnezzar raised- the temple of
Belus. ..It-lies about six miles south-
west) of Hillah..On Jeaving the suburb
on the: eastern shore of the river, we
erossed a bridge, of thirty-six pontoons,
all,considerably. smaller than those over
the, Tigris‘at) Bagdad; and like them in
a peglected state. ‘Phe width of the
Euphrates at this passage, is four hun-
dred and.thirty feet... On quitting the
crazy timbers of the bridge, which gaye
terrible note of insecurity, under the
tramping feet. of my attendant troopers,
we entered the ‘most considerable part
of the town of Hillah;-and, after riding
through. a. narrow and crowded bazar,
nearly suffocated with the double evils
of beat and stench, and thence proceed-
ing along three or four close streets, at
intervals opened to the fresh air by in-
fervening beaps of ruins, we reached
the western gate, called that of 'Tah-
masia, whieh happily delivered us into
a freer\atmosphere. We Jeft the high
banks of the ‘I'ajya canal on our right,
or, as itis; otherwise called, the Ali
Pasha trench, (cat to defend the town
from the marauders of the desert,) run-
ning inva direction north-west; aud ra-
pidly over the apparently boundless
plain, found the ground jin general per-
fectly flat, and in parts very marshy.
My eyes ranged on all sides, while
crossing this vast barren tract, which,
assuredly, had of old been covered, if
Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Se. 599
not) by. ‘elosely, compacted. streets, - at.
least. with, the parks and, gardens. at-
tached to distinct mansions, or divisions
of this once imperial city; but all was
withered, and gone, | and, comparatively,
level to the very horizon, till, the object
of my) expedition: presented |) itself,
standing alone in) the)|solitary; waste
like the awful figure of Prophecy ‘herself,
pointing to the fulfilment of her word.
At the moment of my, first seeing it,
the tower bore from us south 7° west;
to which point we made dircet forward,
hastening our speed as we approached
nearer the stupendous. pile. During
almost the whole of our ride, I had ob-
served numerous spots on the plain,
shewing the saline encrustment usually
found, where. buildings have formerly
stood; also a long line of broken. bank
on our left: but here, at: about. five
miles from Hillah, certainly commenced
the first western very clevated traces of
former edifices, beginning. with some
considerable mounds, near to: the res
mains of an old canal, through whose
bed we passed, and which. stretched
first southward, and then bent. west-
ward. About six hundred yards far-
ther brought us to a second eanal. of
vaster dimensions than the preceding,
being full thirty yards across, with very
high embankments, broken into.a suc-
cession of little hilloeks.. This. canal
took a direction to our, right for nearly
three-quarters of a mile, corresponding
to the line of the other-on onp left; run-
ning first north and west, then taking a
sweep gradually due south, ‘bent again,
and (aecording to the observation. I
could make by my glass, while standing
on one of the hiliocks,) described .a, line
to the eastward, till it joined the nar-
rower canal through whose channel. we
had recently passed.) ‘The ‘space thus
inclosed,'scemcd to be about two miles;
forming, though ,in ruins, the. outlines
of a. vast court, or area, round the sub-
VMmest monument of the past, still rear-
ing its shattered. summit towards the
Heavens, ,,On observing. the range of
these. canals, or trenches, .it- struck me,
that the inner bank, may. have been a
wall; and in) that case, the surrounding
channel becomes, a feature of exterior
defence. Almost,all over the ground
between the base;of the great, pile itself
and these boundaries, abundant vestiges
of former building, are/visible;, exhibit-
ing uneven.heaps of various sizes, co-
vered with masses of broken brick, tiles,
and vitrified fragments, all silently elo-
quent of some former signal OF TERR
n
G00
ere a as
On coming within this traceable area,
I found its irregular’ stfhiee’ thronged
with the Kialtya’s horsemen? while the
comnrander himself, with the leaders Of
his troops, hal dismotnted, and were
already aseeudéd itito the mount itselly
This’ inteHigéenee’ did not delight me
qiite sé nid as my informer seemed
to anficipaté?’ for these were Compa-’
niois in iy researches Thad neither
expéeted nordesired’; being well aware
that (he formatity of court cerethonies
wou illagree with the freedom of my
paiposed niovements. I do not deny
that their groups were eminently pic-
turesque, and, from their magnificent
or wildly various Asiatic costume,
mingled more’ harmoniously with the
cliuravter of this venerable wonder of
the East, than the garb of a European
stranger; but yet their presence was
diseordant to me; for, perhaps, that
strange European garb covered the only
breast’ present, which felt the solema
iniport- of that still existing pile, up
wliose acclivities he was slowly ascend-
ing’; and amidst whose awfully stricken
summits be found the ‘Turkish com-
matider, quietly seated amongst his
officers, smoking his pipe, while await-
ing the coffve his servants were prepar-
ing in another part of the stupendous
rain! ‘Pho moment E appeared before
him, he rose and welcomed me ; declar-
in®, with allthe pomp of oriental com-
pliment, that, “thoagh be had accorded
mea personal guard. for short excur-
sions, lie valned my life too highly to
prnuit Ws being exposed to the dangers
of the ‘desert, without an escort ade-
qiiate to his friendslfip,—himself! Of
course) -Tedaly thanked him, though in
far: humbler language; and, probably,
therefore mach nearer the level of his
real motive, which, I-suspect, was cu-
riosity, rather than sach superabundant
zeal in my: service. It is a common
idea witly the Tarks here, that the true
objeet with: Europeans, in’ visiting the
hanks of the: Kuphrates, is not-to ex-
plore antiquities, as we pretend, batto
make a Jaborious’ pilgrimage to dlivse
almost shapeless relics “of a’race of un-
believers more ancient than ourselves 5
and to perform certain mysterious re-
ligious rites before them, which. excite
no small curiosity amongst tlie faithful;
to pry into. However, tiothing of this
was shewn, by either’ my illustrious
escort or any of his body-guard ; and,
after civilly enduring an hour’s delay in
my pursuits, by remaining in his com-
pany, 1 left -him to-his repose, or his
3
Sir kK. Ker, Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, §c.
own pious iblutions; and descended the
sérvations,. © a eh P
Hésent stipe anid dinionstons’ of
from’ the ‘East, “appears ‘like’
hill, Sweeping irregularly ‘upwards
wards its ‘western ‘aspect, ‘in a’ broad
pyramidal form. Tt measures’ at the
base 694 yards, (3082 feet ;) at least) as’
nearly that, as the dilapidated” state of
the outline there would’ allow me 'to’as-
certain. On looking towaris'its eastern
face, ib extends in wiltli 153 yards (459
feet,) and presenfs two stazes'of bill;
the first shewing’ an elevation ‘of abort
60 feet, cloyen in’ the ‘middle into a
deep ravine, and intersected in! all dis
rections by farrows,’ channelled’ there
by the descending rains of saceceding:
ages. ‘Phe’ sumarit of this first stage,
stretches in rather a flattened’ sweep to”
the base of the ‘seediid ‘ascent, which
springs out of the first’in a steep and’
abrupt conical form, termisated at the”
top by a solitary’standing fragment of!
brick- work, like the fuin of a‘ tower’
From the foundation of thie whole pile’
to the base of this picee ‘of Truitt,’ i
sures about 200 feet; and from 1hé 'bot?’
tom of the ruin to its shattere ig are:
35 fect. On the western side, the entire
mass rises at once from the plain im6ne’
stupendous, though irregular pyramidal
hill, broken, in the slopes of its sweeping’
acclivities, by the devastations oftine
and rougher destruction, ‘Phe southern
and northern fronts “are ae eit’
abrupt towards the point of the brick
ruin; but in both these views we have'a’
profile of the first stage of the Birs,
which I fally described inv approaching
the eastern face. My advance to the
northern steep was much interrupted
by large masses of fine and solid brick-
work, projecting from amongst the far-
spreading heaps of rubbish at its base,
and which had evidently been’ parts of
the original facing of the lower ranges
of ‘the ‘pile. IT -shall’ deseribe* these
fragments more particularly hereafter 5
Meanwhile observing, that itis ouly'on
the northern sidé'they occurs ora
The tower-liké ruin on the extreme
suinmit is°a solid mass, twenty-eight
feet ‘bread; constructed of the ‘most
jieatrtifal brick masonry, and presenting
the apparent angle of some-strueture
originally of a'square shape ; the remains
of which Stand on the east, to abeight of
thirty-five feet, and to ihe south twehty-
two feef. Tt is rent from the ‘top to
nearly balf-way to the bottom; unques-
tionably
£
Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in
tionably by some great convulsion of na-
tore, or some even moro extraordinary
destructive efforts of aman..,..‘The mate-
rials of the masonry are furnace-burnt
bricks, of a much thinner fabrick than)
most of those which are found. east of
the river, on the spot.to which some
writers confine the remains of Babylon.
i bad not explored that ground when I
first yisited the Birs Nimrood ; but [had
seen many of the Babylonian bricks at
Hillah, forming the court and walls of
the house I inhabited; and which had
been brought from the mounds. of the
aheicnt great city, to. assist in erecting
the modern miscrable town. The ce-
ment which holds the bricks together,
that compose. the ruin on the summit of
the Birs, is so hard, that my most vio-
lent attempts could not separate them.
Hence I failed in discovering whether
these bore any inscriptive stamps on
their surface; marks invariably found,
where they exist at all, on the side of the
bricks which faces downwards. Why
they were so placed, we cannot guess;
but. so it is, in all the primitive remains
of ancient Babylonia; but in the more
modern structures of Bagdad, Hillab,
and other places erected out of her
spoils, these inscribed bricks are seen
facing in all directions. While on the
summit of the Birs, I examined many of
the fine brick fragments which lay near
the foot of the piece of standing wall, to
see whether bitumen had been used any
where in their adhesion, but I could not
trace the smallest bit. The cement
throughout was lime, spread in a very
thin layer, not thicker than a quarter of
an inch, between each brick and its
neighbour; and, thin as this cement was
Jaid, it contained a spreading of straw
through the midst of it. The standing
piece of ruin is perforated in ranges of
square openings; through which - the
light and air have free passage. ‘The
latter admission may have been deemed
necessary to preserve the interior of the
building from the abiding influence of
damp. For, that this tower-like relic.is
a remains of what formerly coustituted
a part of some interior division of the
great pile itself, I shall presently at-
tempt to shew. — At the foot of this piece
of wall, on its southern and western
sides, besides the minor fragments. E
haye just mentioned as having inspected
in search. of bitumen, lay several im-
mense uushapen masses. of similar fine
brick-work ; some entirely changed toa
state of the hardest vitrification, and
others culy partially so. In many might
MontuLy Mac. No. 370,
Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 601
be traced the gradual effects of the con-
suming power,.which had produced so
remarkable an appearance; exhibiting
parts, burnt to that variegated dark hue,
seen in the vitrified matter lying about in
glass manufactories ;. while. through the
whole of these awful testimonies of the
fire, (whatever fire it was!) which,
doubtless, hurled them from their original
elevation, the regular Jines of the cement
are visible, and so hardened in common
with the bricks, that when the masses
are struck they ring like glass. On ex-
amining the base of the standing wall,
contiguous to these huge transmuted
substances, it is found totally free from
any similar changes, in short, quite in its
original state ; hence I draw the conclu-
sion, that the consuming power acted
frem above, and that the scattered ruin
fell from some higher point than the
summitof the present standing fragment.
The heat of the fire which prodaced
such amazing effects, must have burnt
with the force of the strongest furnace ;
and from the general appearance of the
cleft in the wall, and these vitrified
masses, I should be inclined to attribute
the catastrophe to lightning from. hea-
ven. Ruins, by the explosion of any
combustible matter, would have exhi-
bited very different appearances:
On the face of the pile itself, a little
way down its northern brow, a consi-
derable space of similar fine brick ma-
sonry is visible. The bricks bere mea-
sure three inches and a quarter in thick-
ness, by twelve inches in length, They
are a pale red, and cemented, like the
upper mural fragment, with lime... In
this wall, also, are. square) apertures,
running deep into the interiorof the
pile ; and, notwithstanding that the ma-
sonry is greatly injured) in places, yet,
from its general smoothness and well-
finished work, I cannot doubt its having
formed a part of the grand casing. of
fine brick, which every observation. on
this gigantic: ruin, leads: us 10 suppose
encrusted the whole structure in gradual
stages... Lower down, and more to the
eastward, we have another and larger
vestige of, this sort of wall, presenting
itself inan angular form ; one of its faces
fronting the cast.» Here the work is
altogether om a-vaster scale; the bricks
being, four inches, and! three quarters
thick, by twelve.and three quarters in
length >and. are joiued by a bed of mor-
tar amore thap -am-ineh deep. The
bricks, though: decidedly furnace-burnt,
we of a much softer texture than those
described aboye, and the cement is of a
4G coarser
602
coarser quality,’ ‘Thé-ase of straw inthe
midst of the layers of ‘lime, asseen in the
upper remains, was there ‘also every
where evident; “but here, it) was ‘quite
mouldered (aWay,its* impression’ alone
being visible.2 °° 9 |
‘Phe space vof wall, now underode-
scription, is of considerable extent, and
appears) ‘tome to have actually formed
part‘of the noith-west angle of the pile
invits ancient state. But what marks it
as an object of particular observation is,
that the courses of its bricks donot run
level, but havea gentle inclination on its
northern face, {owards the east; and on
its eastern face, they slope to the south.
This singularity cannot be accounted for
by aseribing it to the electric: shock that
may. have split, and, possibly, -over-
tarned part of the superstructure ; their
situation in the building being too dis-
tant from that point to be affected by
the means of its destruction. At some
yards still lower down we came to an
excavation, or rather very large and
deep' hole, made by the clearing away
of the rubbish; and through it we
plainly discerned, what I may call the
pith of the building; that is, the compo-
sition of the solid body, and base of the
pile; which’ consisted of sun-dricd
bricks, of the same dimensions with
thosé from the furnace, described.in the
last specimen of wall, and which, like
the bark of a tree, seem to have encased
the whole. '°These interior, and, I may
term then) “imperishable materials, are
cemented together by layers of slime and
broken straw, lying fall an inch anda
half in-thickness ; and through this vast,
consolidated) mass, large square holes,
(each two feetin height, by one in width)
penetrate, apparently, to the very heart
of the stractare
I have now: noticed, not merely dhe
general appearance of the Birs on:all
its sides; but every) remaining) piece of
wall stilloperceptible, through the. deep
accumulations of moulderingand broken
fragments, which invade ‘the distinct
lines of this ever-wonderful monument ;
but [have yetoto remark; that; swith re-
gard to the use) of bitumeny IT saw) no
vestige of id whatever onlany remnantof
building “on” the ‘uppers ascents;oand
therefore drier regionsyo: It was towards
ihe foundations’ of the-burnt brick-vwalls, :
lower down, and on therlarge fragments
of briek-ruins atthe base'of the pile, that
I first\diseovered \any/specimehss yand
’ there’ E fund them in great.quantitics,
These circumstances led me to suppose,
that bitumenowas chiefly confinedby the
sofsuperstructures now,no.more,
Sir Ry Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persiay Armenia, § ce.
Chaldean «builders; to, foundations
and lower;parts,of Pai Tae ie
purpose of preventing .the) ill) eflects
thesdamp +and,, water,;,to,. which this
country mustialways) have been liable
from: the snecessive inundations, of the
rivetis The same! reason, accounts, for
the perforation in| the body, of the build-
ings; to give. vent,to the consequent
evaporations sfrom, the tele ret i
Amongst' the many specimens of; bitu-
men) 1, picked, up, were. several Jarge
cakes, more than tem,inches long, and
three in thickness;, appearing 4o, haye
heen the casing of some work, perhaps
the lining of awater-course. ....° 4...
On observing Birs Nimrood from the
plain, if we admit, the projecting stage
towards the east to, have been; any, part
of the real. base of the, original pile, then
we must see, that, the, tower-like , re-
mains, now forming jits highest, pyrami-
dal point, do not rise over, the true centre
of the building, | Butif we subtract.that
projection fromy the prt
only as a-platform, or court of approach,
then we haye) a, remaining ground.of
elevation exactly adapted | to, make. the
present highest point that ofits DERRY
centres and this.result, the four.views.
have given will snficiently, shew... _In-
deed, the effects of the gradual moulder-
ing of any tower, or,conical structure,
will always, while a,vestige remains, de-
fine themselves, and, therefor An the
general outline, that othe ling
which common fact, if allowed.in, this
instance, presents the present ruin, as I
would Jimit its base, ina form more.con-
sonant to historical details of tbe;Tem-
ple of Belus, than.if we, were to suppose
its foundations had been spread oyer the
whole oblong surface. yomlnaidcn
All around its, present base extends
to some distance an open. area, bounded
by mounds, which J shall more. particu-
larly. mention hereafter, baying Brot des
scribed one that may, be.called of prodi-
gious magnitude, though ubder the sha-
dow of Babel itself, . It, is distant from
iheeastern front of the great pile about
270. feet ; extends north.and south to a
breadth of 1242 feet; where, those, two
sides take ratherja triangular.form, to a
distance of 1935 feet, mecting,.in.a bend,
to the eastward... The whole, of its sum-
mitand:sides are furrowed, into, endless
ibollows,)iand | traversing, channels, ihe
effect (of, time,” accident, and,various
ysorts)0foviolences ;and all. are | thickly
embedded with fragments of bricks, tiles,
witrifications,; bitumen, &c, theremnants
The
Sir Ry Ker Porter's Travels,in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c.
“The only objects now) seen above its
desolate’ surface} are two small Maho-
medan
Meaning dratories; or places of\ prayer.
The one bears’ the name of Makam
Thraham Khali; the otherthatofMakam
Stheb' Zeman 3 but’ botleare hearlyyin
yuiis: “Standing on’ this super-eminent
mound, as a‘ central’ position, fronrit:I
miadéomy observations on all the remains
‘yet visible! within! what must haye been
the’ gréat’ ehcdimpassing quadrangle of
‘thé sacred euclésure! ‘Phe great mound
‘alld’ the great tower occupied the inte-
Vidt space Of the quadrangle, with a large
open area strétchitig’ on: all sides of
them} but, on looking towards the north,
where-theaiéa measured across between
‘three‘and ‘four hundred feet, at that dis-
‘tance 'T observed mounds of varied eleya-
tions ‘in wiconneeted ‘lieaps, filling the
‘etound froin that ‘line to the bank-of the
‘great cinalT mentioned having: passed
‘in my approach to the Birs:) Clustering
‘ranges of these remains appear to conti-
“nue, “eurvine round to the east ; then a
‘vactilim “ocenurs; "then they’ commence
‘agaip, running from the eastward in a
‘similar Sweeping direction along the
‘soutliéra’ frotit of the great, mounds,
M by of these latter vestiges are but very
fal ; yet they ‘aré sufficient to prove the
‘existence of former stractures on those
“Spots; and thé regular plan of their dis-
“4 on.” There are; likewise, answer-
ans chains, of ‘apparent greater conse-
“Quetice, to°1he west, ‘rising about 200
baneet thems supreme pile ; and these
‘connect themselves with others' to the
“north and ‘south.’ |
*°"Rrom the elevation on which I stood,
¥ traced; withéut difficulty, the lines of
embankment also, which had com-
passed the whole ‘sacred’ area. ©The
extent of their broken remains appears
‘to agree Very nearly with'that mentioned
y Herodotus as inelosing the) ground
“of the temple’ of Belus; he describing
‘it’ to be quadrangular, on: ‘each side
‘MMeasaring two stadia, or one thousand
“feet,”"'O extending my view beyond
* the’ boundary, to’ the'south, all seemed
‘flat; arid’ desert; to the westward, the
' Same’ traékléss ‘waste presented itself;
“but towards the north-east, very consi-
‘derable’ marks of buried ruins were vi-
“sible to! a’ vast’ distance. Inca direction
south’ 50° east, I could ‘plainly discern
hé golden euipola’of Mesched Ali; and,’
‘
tok
in the’ same’ line’ ©f) the’ ‘horizon, but
“about ’30° more to the eastward, I saw
‘the dark summit of ‘@ very lofty mound,
which ‘I calculate to be the same-men-
buildings;"'called) iKoubbés;; ”
603
tioned by; Mr. ‘Rich, in. his)‘, Memoir on
the “Ruins: of>Babylon,”. distant many
miles from their Loundaries;,.and,,.to
which» notice,»he| adds. the),interesting
eioumstance, ihat)ia few,years,jago,.a
cap, or diadem, of pure gold;;and.some
othersarticles)of the, same metal,; were
found:theres by: the: Khezail Arabs; but
who; tefused sto. give them upto. the
pasha.’ Had-they-been resigned to him,
and :preserved,;an opportunity. of exa-
mining» such, antiquities. would ., have
been very desirable. | So, high.a.mass of
ruin as the mound presented, ean hardly
be ‘supposed to, cover,any thing less than
the remains of a fortress, a palace,. or
one of those-enormous piles consecrated
to religion, and) astronomy, which. ap-
pears to have -been-erected in every city
of Babylonia;..answering in, general
shape at, least, as well, as purpose, to
the great center of Sabian worship, the
Temple of Belus, in, Babylon itself.
Besides the mound LE haye ;just. men-
tioned, as that of the diadem, I saw from
the height.,on-,which, I continued. to
stand, many distant. points,, to which
my companions gaye. the names. of
Koubbés and tombs, and added several
curious traditions respecting them.
During my traversing the, ruins, both
of the tower,and the mound, I picked
up curious fragments of brick. and, bi-
tumen, besides pieces of broken,marble,
and several thin copper ‘coins in.a very
corroded states , With respect,to the
specimens of rick, bothjsun-dried, and
fire-burnt, there were, ample; quantities
everywhere; giving: us an, jidea,., how
very opportune the furnaces might haye
been, which manufactured the jlatter,, to
exccute the, mad. judyments .of either
‘Nimrod or Nebuchadnezzar. The bricks
which compose the tower, and its ‘ap-
pending objects, are) mostly stampt with
three lines of ‘inscription, in ,the,cunei-
form, or, as :it:is commonly called, ,the
Babylonian character. , Somejextend to
four, or evenosevenslines;)but,,though
differing in this respeet,| the dimensions
of all are:theisame;,the,only superiority
appears’ in! those; of .seven lines; being
better stampt ihan those with the fewer
numbers. || However; T\could, only draw
theseiobservationsfrom fragments about,
and I examiined;a’ great (many ;.entire
detached! bricksonoto being ow to be
found onthesruins «1 have already men-
tioned, that the: bricks\of- Babylon are of
two kinds, sunsdried ,and_ fire-burnt.
The former sis generally largest, as it is
of a:/coarsen faljnic:than,the latter; but
lits solidity seems, by proof, to be equal to
the
604 Sir Ri KePorter’éTravels in Georgia, Persia; Armenia, &e.
the hardest,|stone, »Itnis,composed).of
clay! mixed, with) chopped! :straw, *or
broken) reeds,; to) :conipatt: ity and then
dried sin) the, sufties Here, then; besides
tracing the first >buildérs| of» Babelin
their yery executed owork, -“¢Go to, let
‘us, make brick,)and) burn ‘them -tho-
roughly!’ we |find: the! exact» sort of
brick, which: the ‘children of Israel made,
during: their captivityin Egypt: And
Pharaoh ¢ommanded: the task-masters,
and said, ye'shall:no more give the peo-
ple straw to make bricks, &c.” »:'Phese
unburnt bricks commonly form the inte-
rior or mass: of any strong foundation
amongst these ruins; and this/is the case
with the great tower, while it is, or ra-
iber has been, faced with the more beau-
tifal fabric of those manufactured in the
furnace or kiln. From ‘every account
left us by» historians of the superemi-
niently stupendous structure’ of the
Tower of Belus, we must seek it on the
banks of the Euphrates, and on the site
of Babylon; and of all the colossal
mounds which*remains amongst its far-
spreading «ruins, not*one appears to an-
swev'so fully, in place; dimensions, and
aspect, to atl their pictures of the tower,
whether called by the'name of Babel or
of Belus, as this sublime inhabitant of
‘the desert, known ‘universally to the pre-
sent descendants of Ishmael, by the
name of Birs Nimrood. ‘The etymology
of ‘the: word> Birs;: Mr. ‘Rich considers
‘difficult to-trace/! He observes, that it
doesnot appear'to'be: Arabic, though it
is pdssibleoto:be! some term which has
suffered the corraptions: of ‘time, that
might coriginally“ be derived from that
language, cor the Chaldean. ‘There are
words im both, ‘similar to it in sound; in
the latter meaning’ a palace, or splendid
building ;‘inethe former, a’sandy desola-
tion;iortheé habitation of daemons. The
Arabs; ‘as 'I -mentioned: before, call it
Birs Nimrood} ‘but ‘the remnant ‘of! the
captivity, still cabiding amongst “the
waters of ‘Babylon}”? when: they speak
of it; call it} Nebachadnezzar’s prison”
; aepAMetl ey joey
The town of Hillaolies in latitude
32° 81! 18") in tongitude12!:36" west of
Bagdad; and, according? to’ Turkish: au-
thorities, it' was boilt in'thefifth century
, of the’ Hegira;oin the district ° of Othe
Euphrates, which: the /Arabs » call Bt-
Ared Babel -Lying ona spot ofthe
vast site/of Babylon, nothing was more
likely than that itshouldvbe built out of
a few of the fragments ofthat great city.
The town is ‘pleasantly'sitwated! amidst
gardens ‘and groves of date-trees; and
spreads itsclf-on:bothisides of ithe river,
where itris connected by. the:miscrable
floating-bridge' I yhave »justydescribeds
but which, perilousiasitumay be}dssecu-
rity itself; when ¢€o withithe pass
ofidanger at. Bagdads> Tbe portiondfthe
town, oor, as! itis: usually ealledj, dhe
suburb, on the eastern bank; Consists: of
one principal :\street! of. bazar), reaching
from the small defenceless gates whenee
it is\entered from Bagdad; dowmtonthe
edge of the water ;iteis deemedithe least
considerable part of Hillah, beingiof far
less dimensions» in everyswayj thanathe
more populous branch» across the: rotten
timbers. ‘There:\thecinhabitants, Jews,
Turks, and: Arabs,-axe muchhicker;the
streets and bazars! more: numerous: and
abundant.» From: the great, centre
bazar, well filled! withe:imerchandize,
branch off, in various crookéd diréctions,
minor, ranges; ! among | whichoare! found
the fish and :flesh:marketse>|In the
former I saw several varieties ;and some
of enormous size; resembling the barbel.
The fish in! question ranfrom four tocfive
feetin length, and were coveredwithwéry
Jarge thick ‘scalesu«'The! head fook’up
full a third of) their length} «cTiamtold
they eat coarsevand dry, butcare;anever-
theless, a favourite food withthe inhabi-
tants.. They arecaughtin greatquanti-
ties near the town; (and silsmto-w ednsi-
derable. distance!above! itii Theflesh-
market was sparingly served withimeat,
the whole not:appearing to bemore:than
the dismembered carcases:of twosheep,
two goats, and the red rouglnfragments
of a buffalo. © /This« displayviwas ibut
ascetic provision for some oof ‘the Turks, sattendant ‘on
offitial-duties of the pashalic in this part
‘of the government, also mingled! occa-
sionally inv the passing, orseated crowd;
where ‘the solemn,’ saturnine air of the
latter,
Sir R. Ker Porter's Travel iw Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &e. 605
latter, with theimflowingsgandy apparel,
formed a'striking contrastoto the daring,
dirty; independent air ofthe almostam-
‘garmented swarthysAvab.iog loll dod
2269 SOOTHER 'RUINSOF (BABYLON) ¥) it
o Having disedssed) Hillah,' I shatkpro-
‘eted to! theyinore interesting grounddh
itsimmediateneighbourhood ,stilinamed
‘by: the: Arabs’ Babel; :whileyits vast re-
mainsilay!for-agesiim the depths of time,
‘asmnich forgotten by the learned of: Eu-
rope as!ifitilad been a city of the ante-
dildvianse’ .(is/)i5
oWSince the dayssof Alexander, we find
four capitals; atleast; built out of her re-
mains > Seleucia’ by: the: Greeks, Ctesi-
phomby the Parthians, Al Maidanby the
Persians; (Kufas by« thes Caliphs; with
‘towns, villages, and caravansaries without
umber. oThat the fragiients of one city
should travel sofar,to build or repair the
‘breaches: of :anotherpon:the first view of
athe suibject,:appearcd: unlikely ‘te my-
sself; ‘but: on travetsing the country be-
tween the approximating shores’ of the
atworivers, and observing all the facilities
‘of »water-carriage from: one’ side to the
@therpl could-no longer be ‘incredulous
lof) whatthad ‘been told:me ; particularly
when'scarceiia day passed «without my
seeing people: digging ‘the mounds of
Babylon:for bricks, which they carried
tothe verge@ofthe Euphrates,and thence
-Conveyéd ini boats«to» wherever ‘they
dmightbewanteds » From the consequent
fex¢avations in every possible shape and
direction; thexregular lines of the original
#uins have been so broken, that nothing
ibut confusion as) seen to exist Between
‘one course ‘and:another, when any tra-
wveller would attemptjsecking a distinct
plan anongst those eternally traversing
minor heaps, hollows, and ravines. But
certain’ hugesand) rugged ‘masses yet
stand pre-eminent; which, by their-situ-
ation;:and ‘other Joeal circumstances,
seem sufficiently, to)warrant)the: conelu-
sions! which: diave) beem drawn of; their
original: purpose. «These vaster mounds
are surrounded by subordinate xanges,
now; bearing: ihe appearance of embank-
aments5and«which, doubtless, have \been
theseause: of tliciinterior pile’s:;campara-
itively|animpaired state. oo The yearly
overflowmg ofthe! whole country, from
ithe decay ofthe eanils, made todrawloff
the) superflux-cof! the; ziver, /havingofor
ages swept unimpeded over the faces of
‘all the rainsavhich hid not the protection
of these, I may call them, dbreak-watérs,
could not fail producing:the devastation
weysec. » All-such exposed |parts | of the
city must necessarily “be: broken down
ro)
‘imtowider‘and ‘more shapeless ruin, and
be gradually washed! down into’ lower
‘and lower‘ hillocks, ‘till, in‘most’ places,
all'traces would-be entirely swept away-
‘The piles whieh Iam now going to de-
iséribeohave, ‘thercfore, not only ‘been
sav¥ediby their'extraordinary. magnitude
from theiover-topping of the floods; but
their foundations greatly: preserved, by
the majestic lengtl of these banks: in-
closing them nearly on:allsides.
The pre-eminent mounds axe three in
number. © First; the’ Amran’ Hiil,; so
named by Mrv Richin his “ Memoir on
the Ruins of Babylon;” and who desig-
nates it by that appellation, from its sup-
porting a small tomb erected to the
memory. of some personage of that
name, said oto have been a ‘son of: the
Caliph Ali, who» fell at the: battle of
Hillah. -These must. be some mistake
in this tradition; Ali, having: had only
two sons, Hassan and: Hessein:> '‘The
second pile is that called the Kasr, or
palace, which. is\ separated, from’ the
preceding by. a. distance: of) only) 75¢
yards. The third is ‘knewa) byo the
appellation Mujelibé, or Maelouba,
“the overturned.” It stands’ about,a
mile and a half morthward) from the
other.
I shall begin my notice: of 'the great
ruins on this bask) with a detail of :the
Mujelibé.
The Mujelibé stands about four miles
north of Hillah,-on the eastern! sidé of
the Euphrates; and, perhaps, it is:only
second to: the Birs: Nimrood)\ ine being
one of the most. gigantic: masses! :of
brick-formed,earth that ¢verawas raised
by the labour of man. >\1t is composed
of these sun-dried materials, 1o: the pre-
sent height of 140 feet.::.The:fonn;an
oblong square; and, like the Birs, facing
the four cardinal points) he;side.to
the north measures, along lits dbase652
feet; that; to the south 230) that othe
east 230.; andthat ito the west 551.i; The
summits abroad flat; »when icompared
with: thes pyramidal) Birsy yet{ very un-
even; its highest poiut being to the
south cast, ayhere!it ‘forms an; angular
kind of ‘peak; ‘sloping gradually down, in
an oppdsile direction, upon the broad bo-
somof theymound; toa depth of about
400 feet. |, Regular lines of. clay brick-
work are clearly aliseermible along each
facez, and. those onj,the western front
hear every, trace; of, .a,yperfectly straight
wall, that appears,to, hawe cased and
parapeted } this):side,of» the» pile. The
angle. tothe south-west is rounded off ;
but whether it thusomarks the original
shape
606 Sir R: Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia) Persia, Armenia, §¢.'
shape of the corners, o¥ that time has
worn this so, I do not'pretend ‘to say.
Towards the bottom; Where it meets the
Joose dust and ‘scattered’ fragments, it
has mouldered® away’ in’ ‘an inward
sloping direttibn, giving this'angle of the
Mujelibé the singular effect of an ap-
pending watch-tower.. ‘The decay at
tlie base, andthe form in consequence,
are obviously wrought by the casualties
of weather; indcéd, ali the parts of this
huge fabric have been terribly torn by
‘the rain, which here seems to fall with
the body and force of water-spouts ; the
eastern face, in particular, is worn into
a deep channel, nearly from the top to
the bottom. However, all these depre-
dations of the elements, bave only acted
or this pile like the wrinkles on a buman
face, marking the advance of years, with-
out absolutely breaking the ‘general
lineaments. ‘The sun-dried bricks, and
mode of fixing them, differ in no respect
in Mujelibé, from the method T had ob-
‘served in’ most other massy fabrics
‘throughout the general ruins; namely,
the mixture of broken straw or reeds
with the mud used as cement; also the
fayers of perfect reeds between the hori-
zoutal- courses of the bricks. In many
of the other structares, the courses were
of unequal heights, which these reed
strata marked; but here, the straw line
ran its unbroken length between the
‘ranges of eyery single brick course.
From the general appearance of this
piece of ruin, I scarcely think that its
solid elevation ‘has ever been much
higher than it stands at present. I have
no doubt’of its having been a ground-
work, or magnificent raised platform,
‘(like that of Persepolis, though there it
‘was of the native rock ;) to ‘sustain
“habitable buildings » of ‘consequence.
‘The whole’ of ihe existing’ mass’ bears
that'afhiit y with thoselalready deseribed,
“as to'Idad'uS to'conclude, it must’ have
heen superficéd from the base to the sum-
mit with “the ‘ustial ‘firé-burnt bricks ;
where ‘lofty battlements “of the ‘saitie
“would inclose the edifices its amplearea
‘had beet! platined’to’eontain! “Phat'it
“has been oceupiéd’ by various buildings,
is sufficiently proyed' by the frasments of
such, covering ‘the whole wide surface.
Several ‘deep “eXcavation’ have’ ‘beén
“made, in’ different’ pla&es! into the’ sidés
of -the mound 5 ‘sonie, probably, by ‘the
“wearing of the seasons, according tothe
‘effects described above ; but many others
have been’ dug’ by ‘the rapacity ‘of the
‘ Turks, tearing up its bowels in''search
of hidden’ treastre, ''Sevéf:l penetrate
very far ito the body of the ‘stracture,
making angtilar tu¥ningss atid some, it
is likely, have never yet beer explured,
tlie wild “bedsts' of ‘the desert Nitcially
keeping guard’ over ‘them. Tw “short;
these ‘souteraing, over which tlie”ehati-
bers’ of majesty ‘may have been’spredd,
are‘now ‘thé refuge of jackalls'and other
savage animals.” The iionths' of their
entrancés are'sttewéed with the bones’of
sheep and’ goats; and ‘the loathsonte
smell that issues from’ mjost’of them is
sufficient warning not\'to’ proceed into
the den. However, itito somé f" those
which exhibited thé fewest Of tieve’ sig-
nals, I ventured to'go'a ViltleWay.!'""T
found the rceds'in “its sides as pliable
and fresh as‘if théy ‘liad been gathered
yesterday. From ‘amongst thei’ pro-
jected a huge bean’ Of date-tree, nearly
in a state of détay, ‘Phe Wall of one
side of this passage; as ‘fay'as I’ weiit
down, is formed’ of burnt ‘brick inter-
mixed ‘with sundried) and evidently
constructed ‘in ‘haste, ‘being’ merely a
front of mortar and eastial bricks; put to-
gether without ‘regular arrangemeit +
trom which may be condlided, that the
bodies found here had not’ been ‘dépo-
sited in a spot’ originally’ jitended for
that purpose. BPR HOMRAL. OF
In traversing the summit ‘of the
Mujelibé, T observed, on’a spot abot
twenty feet lower than its highest’ point,
a great portion of erect building} simodth
and well finished ; another similar piece
of wall joined it, forming, tégettier,’ an
angle that seemed part’ of some former
chamber in the solid’ body” of ‘the’ pile.
‘Between these walls, loose fragments
had either fallen’ in; or been east’ there
purposely; bnt confused as ‘they ‘were,
the irregular heaps were bout together
‘with ‘mortar. ot fat distant from ‘this
angular remains, and towards the western
end, a sort of circular lump of brick-
‘Work, tapering towards ‘the 46p, rises
froma deep bed’ of rubbish In’ this
‘fragment, each 'stratam of mortar is four
“inches and a half’ thick, while the inter-
“mediate! courses ‘of: brick are’ ese
broken’ pieées, thrown together without
‘the ‘smallest ‘care } but! the bardiiess 6f
“the? ‘tass? is inconceivable. ° From’ its
“lower extremity being so deéply*buiiéd
im dast and rubbish, T cowld not inspeet
it te'any depth. "The whole surface of
“this ivreetlar, cliff-topped ‘ruiti, “is eo-
ivered with the remnants of its fornier’sa-
“perstructure, bat I was unable to get
i event lone brick entire; 'to bring away! A
“stamp
Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels. in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 607
stamp, of ‘seven lines, however, seemed
traceable on most of the fractured pieces
I.took. up to.examine,, This huge, mass
stands, totally unconnected. with, any,
other. whatever, if,we may..except the
remains of protecting lines of wall or em-
bankment, which,.at certain distances,
surround. it, on. three of its sides, that. is,
to, the,,east, north, and. west... The
western line now terminates near a cous
ple.of, small modern canals; but there
ean.bardly be a doubt that. it; originally
extended to the shore of, the Euphrates,
whence.theMujelibé. is, distant little:
more than half a mile. ..
With regard..to. what. the Mujelibé
really, was,;my ideas.are,to be drawn
from what I saw, when, compared) with
-certain.representations:1 have read con-
eerning Babylon... All ancient authors
who, have .written-on.the subject, speak
of, its,‘( Fortified Palace.” In which
title, we. must . understand _ a), fortified
space, of sufficient extent to contain the
terraced. habitation. of , the, sovereign,
with his,courts of pomp and ceremony,
is private temples. to, the gods, his.per-
sonal. treasury,.and. residences for: his
officers; of state; and, besides, strong
lodgments,on the embattled surrounding
walls, a, fortress, or citadel, to garrison
the royal body-guard. The situation. and
style;ef the Mujelibé seem to mark it
eut.to aye been the citadel of this em-
battled. palace. Not only its superior
magnitude presents it as the fittest plat-
form for military erections and exercises,
but itscontiguity to the river, and its
commanding, power of observation on
all sides, proclaim it, of all others now
traceable, to be that of most extensive
command... Hence, to, that purpose I
would, venture. to assign its original
destination;and to some period in its
besieged states, attribute the inhumed
remains.
KASR, OR, PALACE,
_L shall now. proceed to, the. descrip-
Aion of the remains of ,this.palace, ac-
cording to the belief, of all, who. haye
visited the: spot, that it, is.found in the
wast mound or hill, called by, the natives
Ahatof the Kasr.., This mass, after the
Mujelibé,is certainly the most august.on
Ahis side of the river, standing above,the
igeneral level, full seventy... feet.
length is, nearly, 800, yards, its breadth
600, ; but ifs form is now very irregular.
Much ofthe local, which this interesting
spot presented, to the Abbé Beauchamp
in 1782, and 1o.Mr. Rich.in,1811, has
now, totally disappeared; the. aspect of
the;summit and sides suffering constant
Its ;
changes from: the everlasting digging in
its apparently.inexhaustible quarries for
brick, of .the.strongest and finest mate~
rial. From these incessant depredations,
the whole mass. is furrowed ;into deep
ravines, many, of considerable length and
width, crossing, and recrossing each
other in every direction ; indeed, there is
hardly a ridge of the mound left that
does not, at intervals of. ten or fifteen
feet, slope into: hollows of from forty to
fifty feet in depth, and some eyen deeper.
From the unbroken succession of these
traders. in brick, during the progress of
so many ages, and the system still going
on, the minor features of the place are
not only altered, but the whole surface
kept in'so decomposed a state, that at
every step we made, we sunk into dust
and rubbish.
In making my own observations on
the entire mound of the Kasr, througlr
all the mutations it had undergone dur-
ing the lapse of seven years, (which,was:
the space of time between my visit and
that of Mr. Rich,) I still found, deep in
the ravines, considerable pieces of wall
standing; also detached masses of, the
same, composed of furnace-burnt bricks,
of a beauty, admirable masonry, .and
freshness, that indeed struck me with
similar amazement, when IL. reflected
that thousands of years had passed away
since their insertion. It was only
amongst the huge fragments lying thus
low in the foundations, that. I observed
bitumen had been used as a.cement be-
tween each course of brick: in, all other
parts of the structure, which appeared
of sufficient height to be beyond the
probable reach of water or damp, neither
bitumen nor reeds could be traced; ,a
its necessary, attendant, cements,
inspecting the fragments, accessible to
examination, I found; that the face of
eyery brick, (thats, the surface where
the inscription is stamped,). was Inva-
riably placed downwards; and, where
bitumen
608
bitumen ‘bad ‘boen ‘used; the backs «of
cach course’ s0 ‘disposed, were then co-
vered with a layer .of bitumen, on which
reeds “were ‘spread, or Jaid’ in-regnlar
matting ; and on thisicareful preparation,
the face ‘of the succeeding course of
bricks ‘was’ bedded; which preserving
management, i seme measure, accounts
for the’astonishingly fresh state in which
the ifscriptious on their surfaces are ge-
nerally presented. Ihave an exception
or two in my possession; having picked
up several pieces of the brick, where the
charactets have been totally filled up
by the bitumen; an accident likely to
happen, from the alnost fluid state of
the petroleum when first applied, Spe-
cimens of the actual reed or matting
bave never yet been found here, even in
breaking up any of its walls; though im-
pressions of the (now mouldered) inter-
sccting weavings of the straw remain
perfectly legible on the pitchy covering
of the bricks. How faithfully do these
vestiges agree with the method of builds
ing in Babylon, as described by Werodo-
tus! | fe observes, that the bricks
intended for the walls were formed of the
clay dug from the great diteh that
backed them: they were baked in large
furnaces; and, in order to join them to-
gether in building, warm bitamen was
used; and between each course of thirty
bricks, beds of reeds were laid inter-
woven together. "The bitumen (he con-
tinucs to tell us), is drawn from certain
pits in the neighbourhood of Is, a town
on the Euphrates. These pits exist to
this day ; the town in their vicinity now
bearing the name of Hit or Heet ; it lies
about four days’ journey north-west of
Bagdad, and is on the western bank of
the river.
I have already stated its present di-
mensions ; and that its whole exterior is
one mass of rugged surface, and deeply
caverned hollows. The piles of wall, to
which the natives haye more peculiarly
viven the name of the Kasr, or Palace,
still stand in striking remnants, from six-
icen to cighteen feet above the general
line of the broken summit, Parts. of
ihem are so connected as to give indica-
tions of their haying originally formed
several square picrs, or supports, rather
than distinct ranges of chamber or tower
walls. Their. thickness,_in general,
measures from eight 1o_nine_feet ; and
their. materials. are. so. strongly _ce-
mented, that, ia spite of the; bricks being
the hardest of any, E had hitherto met
with, [ found, they, would not bear de-
taching fiom the mortar ; in short, it was
Sir Ry Ker Povter’s Travets in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c.
nearly impossible to separate them : and
to' this circumstance the present masses
owe their preservation. The bricks of
which they are composed are‘ofa very
pale yellow ; having so fresh an appear-
ance as’to strike’me at first, as they did
Mr. Rich, with an idea of their hav
heen‘ a’ more modern ‘erection than’ the
mound; ‘bit, on a minute examination,
no doubt remained on my mitid of ‘their
equal ‘antiquity. © After’ ‘cotisiderable
labour, I succeeded iv having several
pieces of the brick chipped off from an
immense fragment wich had fallen’ from
an adjacent mass; and, on eledring my
specimens from the lower ‘eoutse,’ I
plainly traced sufficient of the cuneiform
characters, to discover them to be parts
of inscriptions in seven lines, Each
brick was placed with its written face
downwards, on a layer of cement’ so
sparing, that it did’ not exceed the twen-
tieth part of an inch in thickness ; appear-
ing, where it united the two bricks, like
a fine white line, subdivided by another
of a reddish brown, with a granulated ©
sparkling effect. ‘The hardness Of this’
mass was inconccivable; anid it seemed
notless wonderful that'so slender a Miso
of cement should hold so ‘tenaciously its
respective courses of such “massive
bricks. I was also much struck with
-the singular appearance of several of
these buttress-like walls, standing, or
rather ivelining from their centre, as if
shaken by some convulsion of nature :
part are half torn asunder; and others
seem actually pushed beyond the smooth
and regular line of their original front.
On examining a projecting ledge thus
formed, and Jooking up under its pro-
truding bricks, I plainly discerned the
cunciform inscriptions on their down-
ward faces, thus exposed ; a sufficient
proof of the very ancient antiquity of the
structure, notwithstanding the fresh, un-
tarnished aspect of the materials.
Standing, as 1 believed myself to be,
over, part of the foundations of one of
these yenerable specimens of building,
of ages so near the first fathers of man-
kind, it was with, inexpressible regret
that I found the avenues of search closed
in. many places. which bad admitted
Mr. Rich to the most interesting par-
ticulars.of his examination. The lower
distxibation of the serdaubs, dark cham-
bers, and numerous intricate passages,
have Jeng been broken, up,.or.impene-
trably. buried; and. the sabterraneous
way,,near the ravine, which our British
resident, bas, described. with so. much
valuable precision, is mow. completely
Jost.
Sir R. Ker Porter’ Travels in Geotgia, Persia, Armenia, &c.
lost. Some: persons have considered it
to. have been.a drain; but.its dimensions
appear.too large for sucha purpose, and.
its .situation-not low, enough. in the foun
dation to haye been, intended. to, carry
off}, any. superflux. of ,waters from the
entire /building:; -hence, 1, regard it .as
no other than one of the. many. passages,
which, in, every. direction, »must' have
traversed»so comprehensive an edifice.
‘Fhe, Kasr mound is divided from the
Amran. Hill, sby, a space, in extent
about, 800, yards; which space is. sub-
divided, -by:a» long. low..mound_ of
ridges, running cast and west; at the
atter extremity it unites.with a trans-
verse. sidge of, greater. altitude, and
nearly 100. yards in breadth, which ex-
tends from the south-west angle of the
Kasr Hill to almost the extreme north-
west, point of the Amran Hill. . This
line of mound runs. parallel with the
piece. of embankment. deserted by the
river. It.is not. improbable that. the
broad summit. may_ have. originally
formed a grand terraced avenue between
the,.two divisions of the. palace which
occupied. these opposite mountains of
structure. _And_ here it may not be ir-
releyant to remind my reader, that, if
we are c suppose there was any affinity
in,the plans of ancient Eastern palaces,
¢ must not. expect to find the ruins of
the palace of Babylon confined to one
mound ; but that its various compart-
ments, private and ceremonial, gardens,
&c, (like the remains at Persepolis, on
their different stages,) would be spread
over several of these venerable hills.
The attendant buildings, civil and mi-
litary, would stand in every direction,
within the embatiled walls.
The surface of the flat ground which
lies between the two leading hills, is
covered with long rank grass, the soil
being very soft and damp. The great
mass of the Amran spreads. over a.
vaster expanse every way, than that of
the Kasr; and, with the exception of
the height gained by the surmounting:
standing wall of the latter, appears quite’
as high. The form of the Aman is’
triangular; the south-west face, ex-°
tending 10 ‘a line of 1400 yards, the
eastern to 1100, the northern to 8503
the whole of which ‘stupendous heap is’
broken like that of the Kasr, into deep
caverned ravines, and long winding
furrows. I conclude it to be exhausted
of all its extractable bricks, from finding”
it totally abandoned by the’ people who
dig in ‘search of them: the whole surface
now appearing to the éye nothing but a
Montuty Mag, No. 870.
609
vast irregular hill,of earth, mixed, with
fragments of brick, pottery, vitrifications,
mortar, bitumen; ‘&c.,; ,while-the| foot, at
every step, sinks into |the loose,dust.and
rubbish. ,.On, the most, elevated jspot
towards its south-western! brow,, stands
the; tomb.of Amran, now inhabited, bya
living, as, well.as.a dead saint;.a-Sheah
Saied..(or holy, disciple, of the sect of
Ali) having taken up;his quarters, there.
The good man, did not seem,in the least
alarmed by. the evil demons, which. he,
in common with the \Arahs about, be-
lieved to haunt all the ruins; the.sacred
bones of the kinsman of Ali were suffi-
cient’ protection. . Before the western
face of the hill, extends a consider-
able line of flat_ ground, bounded on
its opposite side by the river’s, high
embankment.
My object being to ascertain whether
there were, or were not, any signs, how-
ever small, of former building on the
western bank; and particularly in any
line parallel to those I had been exa-
mining on the eastern shore, we did not, ,
in passing through the larger suburb, of
Hillah, quit it by the Thamasia, or
western gate, which pointed almost di-
rect to Birs Nimrood; but left the town
by the gate nearest to the river, and which
gave our march a northerly direction.
About fifty yards to the north-west of
the village of Anana, rises a rather con-
siderable ridge of mounded earth, four-
teen feet high, running due, north for
three hundred yards, then forming a
right angle due east, fakes that direction
till it meets the river. All around was
very low and marshy; and the mounds .
in question were nearly all I could, see
for a good way up, along this bank of.
the stream. ’ Mictinyee! 9
Having traversed -the plain north-
west for some time, in search of farther
mounds in that direction, T turned, dis-*
appointed, and bent my way south-west,
keeping Birs Nimrood in my eye. After
riding onward about'a mile, I found the
little vegetation which cheered the waste
gradually ‘disappear, and the ground
become pérfectly sterile.” All over this
surface-evident marks are visible of its
having been formerly covered with build
ings; these indications increased at every
step, till, after such growing proofs for
more than a mile, we came to a nume-
rous, and very conspicuous assemblage
of mounds; the most considerable of
which, was ‘abont thirty-five feet in
height; atid fromits elevated summit I
observed that the face of the country,
both to the north and'the south, for up-
4H wards
610
wards of .a mile, either way, bore ,the
same hillocky,appearance; besides being
thickly scattered, with, those. fragments
of past habitations, which, in all, Baby-
Jonian ruins, haye,so, particularly marked
their character... From:the highest point,
I took.the following bearings: Mujelibe
N.,40° E..;,tree on the Kasr N. 56° E.;
Amran, Tomb. N....80° E.;,.Mesched
Esshems,S, 65° .E.; Birs Nimrood. 8,
25° W.. Here, doubtless, is the. trace
of a building, of considerable | conse-
quence. The extent of its mounds and
ruins-tracked ground, seemed more than
two. miles; and, having traversed, that
extent to the south-west, I found the
hilly vestiges. did, nat cease.for a mile
beyond. Here, I think, it is possible, I
may. have found the site. of, the old or
lesser palace; which, probably, was the
temporary;abode, of Alexander, during
bis,,inspection, of his workmen, while
clearing away. the. ruins, of its fallen su-
persiructures from the base of thetemple
of Belus... In the midst, of the labour,
and, after, having been engaged nearly
two months in that attempt, we are told
that he died; but previous to the event,
he ordered himself to be ‘“‘removed from
his residence on.one side of the river, to
his palace onthe other 2” and, the eastern
having been the most stately of the two,
we can hardly.entertain a doubt of its
having also. been. the. conqueror’s sta-
tionary. habitation.
Having, duly, explored this second
specimen, of considerable remains, we
came.out upon a good deahof cultivated,
ground; over which we took our course
for more than,a, mile, when we arrived
at the banks, of a. canal, the bed of which
we crossed; .and half a mile more
brought us to an extensive, wood of
date-trees, in the bosom. of which stands
the village of, "Chamasia. We did not
halt there, but passed on over two miles
of cultivation and, bigh grass ; at which
extremity, a, vast, tract opened. before
us, covered with every. minor vestige of
former buildings; and. which, appear-
ances, continued, the whole way.to. the
eastern verge of the boundary. around
Birs Nimrood,, a distance, of , nearly. a
mile and three-qnarters, . "These, re-
mains seem, to my..apprehension, not
only to establish the fact, that the wes-
tern. plain of the Euphrates sustained.
its portion of the city of, Babylon, as
well as the eastern bank, but that Birs
Nimrood, otherwise the temple of Relus,
did actually, stand in one division of the
eity.. Indeed, if the recorded dimen-,
sions of Babylon are compared with the
far to find their lair.
Sir R. Ker Porters Travelsin Georgia, Persiay Armenia, &c.
relative situation. of that, extraordinary
pile; andejthe traceable, Liuildings.still
extant, it will) be found, that.the, Birs
must}, have! stood, even far withim the
computed limits, of the:city. nisjeco o
a ee 3h SE obIONS (si .comuA odie
An, this my, second, visit to, Birs Nim-
rood, while) passing rapidly, over the last
tracks:-of; the) rnin, spread, ground, oat
some little distance from the, outerbaak
of its quadrangular-boundary,my,party
suddenly, halted ; haying. deseried)«se-
veral dark. objevts| moving ,along: the
summit of its hill, whieh they construed
into dismounted Arabs on the look-out,
while their armedibrethrem must bedying
concealed under the, southern brow, \of
the mound, »./Phinking: ;thisy Nery, pro-
bable, I took out my; glass ‘to.examine,
and soon, distinguished that) ihe;causes
of our alarm were two or-three majestic
lions, taking the;air upon the, heights of
the pyramid. .; Perhaps: Lineyer had; be-
held so sublime a-picture to the mind,
as well.as.to the eye. | “Ehese werea
species, of enemy which my party were
accustomed 4o dread without) anyepanic
fear; and, while. we, continued; too au-
vance, though. slowly, the hallooing.of
the people made.the noble, beasts gra-
dually change.their- position, till;jin, the
course of twenty minutes, they) totally
disappeared... We. then; rode ,close up
to the ruins; and [ had, once more the
gratification of ascending the awful,sides
of the tower of Babel....In my-progress
I stopped, several times, to Jook,at the
broad prints of the feet. of the lions,,Jeft
plain in the clayey. (soil;, and, by) the
track, I saw. that if we bad) chosen, to
rouse such royal game, we need ‘not go
But; while; thus
actually. contemplating. these . savage
tenants, wandering amidst the, towers of
Babylon, and bedding themselves within
the deep cavities of, her once magnificent
temple, IL could not help. reflecting, on
how faithfully, the, various, .propheeies
had_been fulfilled, which: relate, in, the
Scriptures, to, the utter fall of; Babylon,
and abandonment.of the. place.;, verify-
ing, in fact, the very.words of.Isaiah,
——‘* Wild beasts..of the ,desert,shall, hie
there ; and the, houses, shall .be full,of
doleful creatures: owls shall! dwell there,
and dragons, shall, ery. in, the, .pleasant
places.” ;
) AL HYMER, ON, THE EASTERN. SHORE:
, November: 22d.— Another; gigantic
abject, worthy of note, lay, pretty far, on
the.eastern side of the Euphrates ;. and,
again attended. by my escort, I set forth
this morning to resume my,researches
in
Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, &c. 611
in’ that quarter,’ 'The ‘pile’ in view ‘is
called Al Hymer-°oIts distance from
the western suburb of Hillah cannot be
less than eight miles and ‘a lralf} and from
the eastern bank°of the! Buphrates"op*+
posite Anana, ina direct line it may be
about seve niles and achalf.’ On clear-
ing the gardens in the vicinity of Hillah,
we bent our course north 30° east, for
fall’ an’ hour.’ ‘The ‘country, as usual,
was perfectly flat, except where imter-
rupted ‘by tlic endless traversings of old
vanal eds ;some of which are of prodi-
gidas width; ‘und of an answering depth
and *steepiess, often so abrupt as ‘to
be (exededitigly' troublesome to pass.
Having ridden ‘anchour, we took’ a di-
rection °due ‘east, crossing, at different
distances, three other canals in a course
from°north *to south;-the last of the
three was'very'wide, and’not more than
a mile*from Al) Hymer, the’ whole of
which ‘intervening space is covered with
broken bricks, pottery, glass, and all the
other'usual relics of Babylonian ruins.
‘Whico we reached the ‘great mound it-
self, which ‘had long been a conspicuous
object above the horizon, I found it to
be pyramidal, with numerous dependant
simaller* mounds: Its base was nearly
circular, in circumference 276 yards,
and in height about 60. One-third of its
elevation is Composed of unburnt brick,
the Yest' of the pile of that which has
passed through the fire.
~OWhile’standing on the mount of Al
Hy mer, we perceived, at some little dis-
4anee“to ‘the eastward, a considerable
group of ‘mounds, appearing nearly
eqtial°in’ height ‘to the one we then oc-
: eupied. Po these we directed our horses’
heads; ‘afid found the distance between
the’ one we left and those to which we
were going, about 1656 yards ; the inter-
mediate track- being divided by a deep
and highly embanked old canal, which
yan south 25° east. “On its first appear-
ance it gave me so much the idea of a
ruined wall; that 1 conceived it possible
to have here found some’ trace of ‘the
long-sought ‘boundary of Babylon ; but
of! Close’ examination, like searching for
the philosopher’s stone, the pursuit still
ended “in disappointment. ~~ Nitrous
tracks; aiid other incontestible vestiges of
former ancient’ buildings, spread’ all’ the
way from the mount of Al Hymer to
the bank of this ‘old wafer-channel, and
beyond it, even to the base of the vaster
motinds we approached. | Minor cleva-
tidns covered the’ plain on every side ;
and we quickly ascended the highest: of
the prominent group.’ It was not inte-
-
rior in’ height to Al Hymer, and of the
same conical forny. ' From its base three
branches projected, of less élevation ;
two running southward and south-west ;
and’ ‘the ‘third; thé longest, to the north;
from whieli struck out easteri aiid’ west-
ern rainifieations. ‘This’ central mound,
and its adjanets, stood perfectly de-
tached from all others, in an open area;
nearly surrounded towards the north and
north-east by a deep chain of ‘minor
mounds, covered with tlhe usual frag-
ments of scattered ruin.
* The distance from’ Al Hymer to the
shores of ‘the Euphrates, béing ‘close
upon eicht miles, puts it out of the ques-
tion to suppose it could have ever stood
within the limits of Babylon, or even
formed any part of its great bulwarked
exterior wall; yet, from every internal
proof, it isa structure of the Babylonian
age. [ do not doubt that Al Hymer,
with its minor mounds, and all the others,
great and small, east of the canal (long
before the intrusion of that canal and its
neighbours,) formed one place’; but of
what sort, we are left to conjecture ; and
LT venture to think not improbably one of
the colleges or towns, dedicated to the
astronomersand soothsayers of Babylon.
In Al Hymer, we may find ‘the pyrami-
dal pile whence the heayens were ex-
plored; and in the larger and lesser
mounds, and other vestiges of building,
the remains of former temples, mansions,
&ce. bélonging to the Sabian philosophers,
prophets, and other sages, with their dis-
ciples attendant on the knowledge of the
stars. eh
THE EUPHRATES. ‘
The Euplirates, (on whose’ banks 1
had passed so many interestifg’ hours,)
though not so rapid as its’ sister ‘stream,
is infinitely more majestic, and Claims a
longer course, risitig from three sources
amongst the mountains “of “Armenia.
‘The most distant, spritzs 4 few miles to
the north of Arzeroom, ‘where ‘it bears
the name of ‘the Kara-Soa, a title com-
mon to streams‘in Persia. | Thie second
source (rises about thirty miles South of
‘Atzeroom, and’is called the ‘West Frat ;
and the tbird spring's many miles to the
east, not far from Bayazid. After flow-
ing thus in three’currents fo the sonth-
west, through many ‘a wild glen and rich
valley, ‘all onite!'in one channel at the
foot of the mountains, (nearly opposite
the source of the Tigris ; and thence
Winding on it fall stream, south and
South-west, in d Correspondity course to
thit of the Tigris, the two rivers form a
junction at Korma ; and under the appel-
Jation
612
Jation, of the Shat-el- Arab, “the. river, of
Arabia,” roll.on in onenoble flood;to.the
Persian Gulf, seventy,miles south of
Bussora., The, name, of. Phrat, or Ka-
phrates,, Josephus; describes as derived
from words denoting fruitfulness, .or dis-
persion, and eithenapply to thejhistory. of
this river,,..Its course comprehends, an
extent of fourteen, hundred miles, but its
width, varies considerably during solong
ajourmey... , ;
SUSA,.OR SHUSHAN, | :
My next object of research was Susa.
‘Major Monteith had visited that spot.a
few. years, before, in company with Mr.
Macdonald . Kinnier;.and, his, account,
communicated to me at Tabreez, when
laying down my, route for the south of
Persia, redoubled my curiosity to inspect
the same remains. But having, been
obliged to relinquish all in that tract.of
the exasperated Arabs, as well asin their
ranges on the banks of the Euphrates, I
must,connect the chain of my narrative
by, .retrospections from, the information
of my. friend, ‘
The.ruins of Susa, in themselves, pre-
sent) an; appearance. not at all unlike
those of Babylon, being a succession of
similar mounds, covered with fragments
of bricks, tiles, &c.. and, stretching over a
space ef country to the extent of ten or
twelve miles,,.Of these mounds, two
stand. pre-eminent, and of enormous ex-
panse; one being in) circumference. a
mile, ,aud); the other nearly two; their
height measures,about:150 feet. They
are composed, of huge masses of sun-
dried bricks,,and courses of burnt brick
aud mortar,.and stand) not.very far from
the banks, of the; Kerrah, or Kara-Sou ;
from, whosejeastern shore the vestiges of
this famous, capital are yet traceable
nearly to; the banks.of the Abzal, ap-
proaching the town. of, Desphoul..,. The
people ;of, the; country distinguish, these
two great, mounds, by, the namesof the
Castle, and ,the. Palace; and at, the foot
of, the; langest appears,a little dome-like
building,, under,,.which travellers, are
shewn the tomb,of..the, prophet Daniel.
A. dervise resides there, impressed with a
helief. of its peculiar, sanctity, and, who
points to, the graye of the inspired,son -of;
Judah, with as.much,lomage;as ifjitibe-
longed to one. of his.own most-respected;
imauns.., ‘Though covered by,/this mo-!
dern,structure,) no, doubt.is held, by, Jew;
Arab, or: Mussulman,,of the,great anti-
quity of, the tomb, beneath; all, bearing
the same tradition, that it; indeed.con-
tains» the, remains, of; the. prophet.
Prideaux caltulates.that he died.at Sasa;
Sir R. Ker Porter's Travels in. Georgia, Persia, Armenia, §c.
some time.inithe thied on fourth year: of
Cyrus's) empire overthe Babylonians} of
w greabage; having! been pladedoin'o-
vertiment there by that’ king?°atid the
same ‘author remarks, that “Jos ‘pus
mentions a famousedifice built by, aniel
at 'Susa, in ‘the ‘manner pandas: le,
Which, thé Jewish historian adds, was, re-
maining, in, his. time,.. and ,had.-been
finished with, such, wonderful, art,that
even then it seemed as freshiand beauti-
ful as if only newly built. Within this
edifice, he continues, was the place
where the Persian:andyPacthian kings
used. to. be burieds and, for/ihe sake of
the founder, the keeping: ofsat amered 1
mitted to one/of the ewisly natiéh, even
at thatday...[tihmust beodbseérvedothat
the copies of Josephiusnowextantdo.ins
deed place’ this buildingyin: Kcbatanarini
Media; but St2d erome, :whovalso gives
an account: of it; arid! professes:to dooso
word for wordoutof Josephus; places it
in Susa in Persia;avhich makes it! plain
that the: copyef Josephus lie quoted had
it sow Andes that mostcdikelyeis the trae
reading ; for Susahaving been witlimithe
Babyloniam empire, (before it cameyinto
the possession’ of Cyrusy)!the! Seriptures
tell us that Daniel! sometimes resided
there; anda common tradition*hasiex=
isted in those parts forages, that Daniel
died in that city, and:there théyshewrhis:
monument ‘unto ‘this day.) |The sitevof
this once noble metropolis ofthe ancient
princes’ of Elamisisnow a mere wilder~
ness, given up»to: beasts /of prey pnowhu~
man being disputing their reign; except
ing the poor dervise*who keeps*wateli’
over the tomb. of ‘the: prophet. 10’ The
friend to whom Iam indebted for ‘the’
outlines I subjoin,:passedthe night wn
der the same protection, listening'to the
screams of -hyzenas, ‘and the) roaring: of
lions, » wandering © around) “its? solitary
walls. hoiealMte 6 199
RECOLLECTIONS & REFLECTIONS,
PERSONAL AND POLITICAL, °°"
ae as Connected with 7
Op UBLIC’ AFFATRs,’
oe 5 Witte et
“THE REIGN OF GEORGE Tit.
capa (BXJOHN NICHOLLS, Es@si! oh uoe
Member.of the House.of Commons in:thell5th, 16th
2 Mad Laur Papliaments of Greut Lpicleng ; ,
slunio! | : 101 Sf
»A ont 1 BOF Bye ood bediols
[Mr. Nicholls ‘having published ‘a second
“Volume-of "his Recollections; aiid his en-
-ifire work being the result of fits per-
isoual observations during along poli-
tical fe; we considerita duty to present
our
Nicholls's Recollections ‘and Reflections.
sonnreaders with some flirthenextracts,:
» Happy: would it bexforthe world, df all
amen, of Mr..N,’s profound -viewsswere
,at the-same time, of, life, to\;commit; to
etiting, the. results, of their experiences
soptiyt sneceeding age. would then be ena-,
a) ed to profit by the occnrrences. of, the
“preceding age; and, books, instead of
““bemg filled ‘with the tniversal proposi-
“tions and ‘the crudities of youthful pre-
?£stimp tion} might be consulted ‘as deposi-
itortes of wisdom.) ;
ids nidii WV i
sosiq sds 28 :
eon) el DEATH ‘OF '(BYNG,
eRe Byne>was: tried) by «a
mocourt martial under the’ 12th Arti-
ele of. Wary: which ‘runs i thus :‘* Every
persobimthe fleet, who; through coward-
ice, obegligence, or disaffection, shall in
time of action witlidraw, ‘or’ keep back,
er; nob:come into:thesfight or engage-
ancnt, oor shallonot do his utmost to: en-
gage; dake-oridestroy every ship which it
shall be hisiduty to'engage, and to assist
and relieve all andevery one of His Ma-
jesty’sships; or thoseofhis allies, which
it:|shalli be bis duty to assist and relieve,
exeryssuch person:so. offending, and be-
ing uconvicted thereof by the sentence of
@ court martial,shall suffer death.” The
courtsmartial declared that ‘Admiral
Byng had:not failed from cowardice, nor
from: disaffection, noredid they accuse
him)of négligence ; but found that he
hadinot doneshisoutmost to destroy the
eneiy’s »ships: ‘They therefore pro-
nouneed ybim ‘guilty. under part ol ‘the
12th Article of War,in not having done
his utmostto destroy. the enemy’s ships,
and! for this;omissiun sentenced him to
be! shot, but unanimously recommended
him to. the King’s «mercy... Common
sepse must poipt.out to every man, that
io, constitute guilt under this Article of
Wap, there! must in the naval officer have
been an omission to do his utmost either
from=cowardice; or disaffection, or neg-
ligence ; ‘and that the oniission to do his
utmost to.destroy .the ,enemy’s; ships,
where such omission doves not arise from
one of these motives, doesnot amount to
a crime within this Article of War. But
it suited the ministers that Byng should
be shot. Notwithstanding the recom-
mendation*to.merey by the’ court mar-
tial, the King immediately signeda ware
vant for his execution, Parl ‘Temple,
who had been First Lord of the Admi-
ralty on the removal of. Lord Anson, to-
wards, the close of; the:ycar (1756, and
the other commissioners.of .the.Admi-
ralty, refused to eountersign thewarrant.
This occasionedsome.delay; but tlie ex.
3
613
ministers’ ultimately prevailed, and Ad-
miral Byug was shot; to shelter a culpa-
ble administration.
“Ft would? be ‘preswmption in’ me ‘to
offer any Opinion as’ to’ ‘the plan which
Admiral Byng had adopted for attack-
ine’ ‘tie fleet ‘of M. dela Galissivnére.
The French flect fey to, expecting our
attack. “Admiral ‘Byng proposed to go
down ib 4 slanting Tine tor the purpose
of preventing his ships from bemy raked.
Admiral West* disobeyed) these orders,
and went down in’ & straight line. Se-
veral ships of his division were raked
and disabléd ; from which circumstance,
the continuance of the ‘attack was no
longer “praeticable.’ Admiral | Vernon
publicly declared, thatithe mode of at-
tack proposed: by Admiral Byng was
judicious, and that it failed through the
disobedience of Admiral West.
WILLIAM THE, THIRD.
It may be inferred; that I'am not‘ an
admirer of the character of King William.
To the man who makes such a charge
against me, I shallreply, Habes confiten-
tem reum.' Weare indebicd to Kiig
William for’ the’ first. establishment of
our national debt, and of a standing
army in time of peace; and what Eng~
lishman is there, who is 1iot ‘sensible’ of
the misery which the people of England
at this moment suffer from ‘these ‘estab-
lishments.. The 'Tories' zealously ‘con-
curred in placing King William: and
Queen Mary on the throne. ~ Whatever
hesitation they might have had from the
old doctrine of non-resistance, their scru-
ples gave way to’ their love of civil’ and
religious liberty ;* but they did’not wish
that such heavy taxes'should be perma~
nently imposed on the! people of Eng-
land, for the gratification of King Wil
liam in bis continental ‘wars.’ ‘The’To-
ries composed the landed interest > they
and their posterity were’ to bear ‘these
permanent burdens+ itis not wonderful
therefore; that’ they ‘liésifuted; before
they consented to impose them:!' Phe
Whigs didnot possessso‘lirge a ‘share
of the/landed property ;“they, ‘therefore,
did noUview thése permanent taxes with
the Usameaversion.” “The practice ‘of
funding, “and: of imposiig taxes to pay
the! interest; iad long prévailed-in Hol-
land. “10 was acceptable te the existing
géneration, because they felt the barden
of the ‘interest oily, WStead Of the prin-
cipalyand probably much of the mo-
ney, during the reignof King William,
was advanced by foreigtiers and Jews,
who received Jarger interest from the
newly
614
newly created English funds «than ‘they
could obtain in any other eduntry.o\:!
The -war, onsacconnt ofthe Spanish
succession,-had been resolved om before
the close of: King! W illiam’s: life.» Phe
design), was -perseveted> ‘in ‘by’ Queen
Anne, throughaAbeinfluence of the Duke
of Maxlborough.; This nobleman-must
be viewed.as:having sacceeded! to that
situation which had) been ‘occupied by
King) William, | He: was,: by political
connexions, 2 ‘Tory.; but:he saw that
the Whigs would ;be more disposed to
adyanee money for) the continaance of
the war. than bis former: friends; he,
therefore, clianged, his party; and, al-
though Queen Anne bad a preference
for the ‘ories, yet the sway. which the
Duchess of Marlborough possessed over
the mind. of the Queen, preserved for a
lovg time the Duke’s influence from be-
ing diminished. ‘The Queen was awa-
kened at last to the consequences of the
heavy burdens, imposed upon her sub-
jects, and she resolyed to terminate the
war. (Ln effecting this, she was embar-
rassed by the Whigs; whose power was
much increased, not. only by the great
ability of their leaders, but from their
Jong continuance in office, and uninter-
rupted. distribution of patronage. The
latter years of her life were years of af-
fliction,, She cannot, be called a great
Queen; but, viewed. as an individual,
every part of her Jife merits our esteem
and partiality.
The three firstsovereigns of the Bruns-
wick, line have fullowed, the footsteps of
King, William, ;.Continental wars, an
augmentation of, the national debt, and
a,standing, army,.uniformly increasing,
have, ..distinguished, their successive
reigns;, tilly -at.Jength, we have been
brought to consider a national debt and
a. standing, army as forming part of our
constitution,,. And we hear, without.as<
tonishment, ,of forty-four millions \ster-
ling, employed.to pay the interestof_our
debt, and,eleven millions. sterling de-
manded*for.the army in time of peace.
by UDERS’ “eT.
At the conmmon law commissions were
granted to the,dudges durante bene pla-
cito. . By the: Act of Settlement, 13th
William IEE, it was enacted,Dhaticoms
missions should begranted to tlie Judges
quamdiu se bene, gesserintio George bh
while, Prince, of | Wales, dad: beebodis+
pleased with sone of the Judges, for the
opinion which they had givensuna dis
pute between, him, and his: dather; re=
specting the guardianship of George the
Second’s childien: aud; asybythe death
Nicholls's. Recollections and Reflections.
of George Liall'commissions granted by
him were mi tata fo mat
that new commissions shouldbe grai
to the Dudges by George IV. | Tlie Wet
of sekantintbaA dea mar the King to
grant commissions to the Judges qram-
diwse bene wesserint, but it did not‘com-
pel him to grant'those Commissions» to
the men-who'had been Jadges ‘in his) fa-
ther’s reign 5 and George II. refused to
grant new commissions to those Judges
who had offended him. “At the accession
of George IIL. «those owho had the most
influence about the young’ King; had-a
wish to throw reproach! upon the inte-
mory of George I1y; ‘the King) therefore,
was prevailed on to recommend to: Pars
liament to enact, Thatievery’succeeding
King shouldgraut' new: ‘commissions’ 'to
those who had held: the office of Judge in
the preceding reign. The: courtiers: of
George III. have trumpeted ‘this con-
duct as a siogularymark ‘of George the
Third’s disposition. to: diminish his pow+
er; but infact George III. increased his
power by this measare > ‘having! 10° dis-
like to those whom he found in ‘office, he
had renewed their commissions. By the
statute which he thus’ procured! tobe
enacted, he rendered those Judges) whom
he might himself afterwards: appoint, ‘it-
removeable by his sticcessor;) and ‘thus,
instead of diminishing his power; ‘he dn-
creased it. 19H!
I do not mean to vindicatethe con-
duct of George EL: in: refusing to'grant
new commissions 1o those ‘gentlenien
who bad been Judges in his’ father’s
reign. I will even admit thatthis eon:
duct on this occasion was injudiciows
but the manner in which thesubjectwas
brought forward in Parliament; andthe
elaborate. praises bestowed upon ‘thie
young’ King ‘on this ‘occasion, flowed
from the malevolence which ‘had’ been
cultivated at the Court of «Leicester
House against the deceased *monaréh;
and which was ‘not terminated'eyen'by
his death. 19 29204
LORD ° TEMPLE.
'Harl Temple possessed atone time a
considerable degree of popularity ; he
owed it to hisiconnexion with “his bros
ther-inslaw; MriSeecretary Pitt) © Leo-
nidas Gloverspeaks with much appro-
batiom ot Barl'Femple’s conduct'in Dé-
cember 1756, in going down to thé! House
of Lords, whileJabouring dader a severe
fit of:'sickness, to oppose avélause’ of
thaniksto the King forbaving introduced
thes German’ auxiliaries) OL ‘think’ the
conduct of Karl ‘Pemple, on this ovea-
‘sion, was peevish and ilftimed. © These
German
Nicholls’s Recollections and Reflections.
German. troops had, been(sent foroyer in
consequence, of addresses: from the two
Houses ; it was, therefore, but properly
respectful that»his, Majesty, should; be
thanked for, his,compliance with) the re-
quest, of Parliament. . Et. was; certainly
anunnecessary opposition, and probably
proceeded: from -the!;noble. Earls) :self+
importance liaving, been offended, at tlie
admission of this clause into the address
without his previous approbation.
»oBarl Lemple’s character seems to be
fairly given by, Lord, Waldegraye.,. He
tells ts; that George EI. had: a deeided
aversion to him. That the noble Earl
had) a, pert: familiarity | not. agreeable to
majesty 5 and) that on some occasions,
he had, used an insolenee-of expression
which(-the King, could: never. forgive.
On the removal of the Marquis of Rock-
ingham:in 1766; George ILI. authorized
Mr. Pitt to» form: an~ administration.
Under, this authority, Mr. Pitt applied
to his brother-in-law, Earl Temple; and
from, the accounts. of that negociation
which: have reached us, Mr. Pitt seems
ia haye-allotted the place of First Lord
ofthe Treasury to the noble Earl; but
Barl;Temple seems to have demanded
morte, power |in the seleetion of bis col-
leagues, than Mr. Pitt was disposed to
Hoy The two
brothers-in-law senuriated; and T believe
were never afterwards re-united.
‘yoo LORD CHATHAM’S EULOGIUM.
‘op d-hesitate to-say any thing respecting
the, eloquence of the late Earl of Cha-
tham... E.iave already mentioned the
terms in «which it isodescribed by bis
eontemporary, Mr. Glover. For myself,
L never heard the Earl of Chatham but
ence; that was en the subject of Falk-
land Island; in 1771. The effects of his
eloquence seemed to arise from sudden
bursts, which surprised and: terrified his
hearers, rather/ than from any continued
chain of reasoning: it was a style fitted
more. for offensive, than for defensive
purposes; more suited to the House-of
Commons, than to the House of Lords;
it wasa style peculiar to himself, emi-
nently (and, visibly artificial... Onethe
Falkland, Island, question, the Earb of
Chatham wished to engage the country
in a war. We are indebted to George
IL. for, haying protected) us ‘from a
calamity.
10/020 THE PRENCH WAR.
L camot refrain. from remarking in
this place, how unfortunate it was that
those great families whom Mr, Edmund
Barke deluded into, the desire of a cru-
sade against French principles, had not
615
am) accurate ‘knowledge ‘of! the’ causes
which sleduto the! French ‘Revolution.
Had: they seem thatit was the division of
Franée into tivocdistinct classes of no-
bles and) bourgeois Which/had given oe-
easion to the Revolution, theymust lave
known that) there was no’ such division
of the people of England ; and that eon-
sequently we had no-real cause to/appre-
hend a ‘similar revolution? their i¢no-
rance was thesource of our misfortunes.
Mr. Pitt was:equally ignorant ‘of the
causes of the French Revolution. He
embarked in the war as the measure
which would ‘be'the least embarrassing
to his ‘administration. © His colleagues
in the cabinet had ‘one object: he him-
self, as far as he can be said to have had
any definite object, was actuated by an
object incompatible with that of bis eol-
leagues; he found himself entangled,
and that he could not retreat from’ that
war in which he had engaged ; he floun-
dered on without wisdom, and without
weighing the consequences of the mea-
sures which he brought forward. “He
imposed taxes without considering how
destructive they were to the! happitiess
of the people; he negotiated with ‘fo-
reign states, without remarking how’un-
equal they were to the measures which
he wished them to effectuate. He re-
linquished his former sentiments of fru-
gality, because he found that wasteful
expenditure was necessary to enable hint
to carry on his government.
GRAMPOUND:
I hope and trust, that the principles
advanced on the’ disfranehisement of
Grampotnd, will inflaence the ‘opinion
of Parliament when they take into con-
sideration the state of other boroughs.
If Grampound was incapable’ of éxer-
cising its functions, beeause it Was dis-
cased, a fortiori, must 4 borotsh which
is actually dead “be incapable. ‘of such
exercise ; and ‘is not ‘this the! case ina
burgage tenement borough in°whieh? all
the burgages belong to ‘a peer? The
peer himself'is not “eapable | ‘of voting,
because he is not of theorder of the
commonalty ; and ‘the fiétitious colour-
able conveyances which he has'executed
the night before the election, have con-
veyed’ no | property to the séveral gran-
tees) ‘Lohave mentianed bureage tenc-
niént borotghsy bat’ certainly consider
those boroughs which have given them-
selves up to patrons, who? feed ‘them ei-
ther swith their) own tioney, ‘or with
places procured from ‘the’ minister, as
equally fit to be disfranehised.
Let us'view the situation of the bo-
rough
616
rough of Grampound. _ 1 will go no fur-
ther back than the general election of
1780. At that time Grampound, with
two other boreughs in the county of
Cornwall, was under the influence of one
patron; he was an opponent of the ad-
ministration, and, as he wished te keep
well with both parts of the opposition,
he gave the nomination for two seats, to
the Marquis.of Rockingham, und for two
others to the Earl of Shelburne. The
other two seats were kept by the patron
for himself and a private friend. The
price paid by the nominees for each seat
was3000/. Tam unacquainted with the
circumstances which took place at the
elections which intervened between 1780
and 1796. But in that year the elec-
tors of Grampound discovered, that, al-
thongh their patron only distributed
30002. among the electors, he was inthe
practice of receiving 6000/. at every ge-
neral election from the two members
relurned, ‘They therefore determined
to sell through another patron, from
whom they might receive the full sum
paid by the two elected members.
The return of members to parliament
ought not 1o be obtained by bribery; but
is. it more injnrious to the state when the
electors appropriate the whole money to
themselves, than it is when they are
cheated out of one-half of it by their pa-
trov?. The elector receives the bribe, at
the peril of being convicted in a penalty
of 500/.; but, at the period I allude to,
the patron, not being an elector, was
subject to no penalty. But the mis-
chief tothe state is, much greater when
an individnal peer has acquired the no-
mination to many seats, Is it not known
that there are at this time two noble
carls, one of whom. names bine mem-
bers, and the other eight? What poli-
tical power might not be acquired by the
confederacy of a few such individnals?
We are compelled to acquiesce in the
waste of the public money by the minis-
ter, to enable him to resist the efforts. of
such confederacies,
BURKE AND THE WHIGS.
The influence which Mr. Edmand
Burke had acquired over the Marquis of
Rotkingham, was great; but dhat which
he afterwards possessed over the mind
of the Duke of Portland was, still. more
considerable. In fact, the Duke of
Portland had no opinions of his. own;
he spoke and acted under the direction
of Mr. Burke. .. The India Bill, brought
forward in November 1783, and the con-
test which followed, left the party not
ouly deprived of office, but also highly
Nicholls’s Recollections and Reflections.
unpopular. The peace had criabled the
country to recover. much of its prospe~
rity; and perhaps Mr. Pitt drew. more
credit from, this cireumstance than) he
merited. The King’s: illness in 1788,
and the conduct of the opposition on that
occasion, while it conciliated compas-
sion to the King, revived the anpopula-
rity of the Whig families; . The French
Revolution burst forth in. 1789.; Perhaps
at the very commencement it excited
alarm in the nobles, as well as in the
King. They were misled by the simili-
tude of names; but Mr, Pitt wisely re-
strained this country from interfering in
the affairs of France. Towards the close
of the year 1792, Mr. Burke had snfii-
cient influence over the great Whig fa- .
milies, to induce them to concur with
the King in clamouring for ia crusade
against I’rench principles, Mr. Pitt was
unable to resist; and, that he might re-
tain his situation, as, minister, he was
under the necessity of receiving the great
Whig families into his cabinet, and sof
embarking the country in the crusade,
To say that this crusade has. failed,
would not adequately express the con
sequences which have followed from, it,
It has established the principles of liber-
ty through the greatest part of Europe,
and of South America ; while Great Bri-
tain exhibits itself to every eye, exhaust-
ed by those efforts which it has been
prevailed onto employ, Nor is the, con-
test at an end ; Europe must suffer more
paroxysms, before it is depurated. from
the remains of feudalism, In this crisis, _
the great Whig families present them.
selves to the people; they offer them-
selves as the assertors of its rights; bat
they are not trusted, The people -com-
plain loudly of their sufferings, but haye
little reliance on the great Whig fami-
lies for their relief,
LORD CLIVE. :
Lord North had agreed to support the
accusation brought forward in.the House
of Commons against Lord Clive, I hap-
pened tobe with Mr, Thurlow the morn-
ing after the debate.. General Burgoyne
came. in: he observed, that although
Lord. North. had. professed to speak
against Lord Clive, yet it was so mani-
fest. from Lord North’s specch that. he
wished bis friends, should vote for him,
that during the debate Lord. George.
Germaine got up, kissed his hand to
General Burgoyne, and walked out of
the house. General Burgoyne bad bees
one, of the most aetive accusers; and
Thurlow had supported the aceusation
with sinecrity. I recollect Thurlow’s.
; remark
Nicholls's Reéollections and Reflections.
remark in answer to General Burgoyne.
“ Lord North has played’ a very deep,
anda very dirty game: he drove Lord
Clive to the wall; forced him’ to surren-
der his six ricmbers’ and then albandon-
ed the accusers.” But; although the
accusation friled, it broke Loril Clive’s
heart he fell a victim to the mortifica-
tion whieb he liad suffered. Lord Clive
had ‘not been accustomed ‘to public
speaking, yet he defended himself in the
debate with great ability, and much dig-
nity. © He closed his defence with tliese
words : “ He hoped that while the House
decided on his honour, they would not
forget their own.” The mind of Lord
Clive was certainly cast in the heroic
mould; atid if our Indian empire is of
any valtie to Great Britain, Lord Clive
undoubtedly Jaid the foundation of that
empire. As an Englishman I am grate-
fal to-his memory.
INDIA.
“Bat ofall our acquisitions, the empire
which has been formed in India, seems
to be that which is likely to be produc-
tive of the most important. consequences.
Has the British empire in India, down
to the present time; produced any bene-
fit’to us?” This is a question which can-
nt be ‘aliswered without much reflec-
tidn. Tam ‘hot prepared to say, that our
pak pall ons in Todia may not have pro-
d benefit ; but I hesitate much to
say, that they have upon the whole been
advantageous tous. The wealth which
has been brought into this country from
India, has enabled our government to
make greater exertions in all its trans-
actions with foreign states. When
George 11. invaded the rights of his
Amcricaa subjects, the wealth of India
enabled him to support a war against
France, Spain, and Holland, without re-
linquishing his expensive efforts against
the jahabitauts of America, The cru-
sade against French principles, begun in
1793, may also be considered as haying
owed its long continuance to the wealth
of Tadia,. That wealth enabled the Bris
lish vernment to subsidize every sove-
reign Who was willing to. receive ‘its
money ; ‘but what has been the effect of
these exertions? You sec it in the luxa-
yee few, andin the impoverished many.
is (me, that the wealth of India may
have enabled us to improve our agricul-
ture, and our manufactures, and to ex-
tend our commerce ; but it has led our
Government to tliose wasteful exertions
which have more than balaticed these
adyantages. Patronage, immoderate
taxation, and the minister's power of
Moxtuy Mac. No, 370.
617
corruption, have kept pace with the
‘growth of our Indian empire.
I have
heard’ physicians say, that the juices of
the'human frame become sometimes so
Vitiated, that death is’ desirable. Per-
haps we may be fast approaching to the
hour, when Revolution, the enthanasia
of governments, may be looked for as a
relief.
But the calamities which T forésee, are
from the’loss of India.” Sooner or later
the Indian empiré must be torn from us;
and our exertions to prevent that loss
will most probably leave us with every
resource exhausied.
It is scarcely possible that our Tadian
empire can, forany greatlength of time,
be united to Great Britain. Our go-
vernment if that country is repugnant
to the happiness of the inhabitants ; it is
avowed to be for the bénefit of the go-
vernors; not of tlie governed it ts a
government by foreigners, who, as’ fast
as they acquire wealth, carry it out of
the country. No relitious of amity grow
up*beitween the governors ‘atid’ the go-
verned, Religions uSages obstruct in?
tercourse beiween the Hindoos and the
Europeans. Andthe Mahometans, who,
before our acquisition of empire in that
country, possessed all offices, both civil
and military, cannot butiook on us with
aversion ; their degradation is far greater
than that of the Hindoos? their “nobles
seek subsistence as privates among’ our
troops ; they are hot trusted with power,
and they are deptived of their’ wealth ;
even the intercoutse betweém the sexes
has no fendeney to’ soften thé hatred” of
the Mahometaiis to thé Huropeais: The
progeny are left a degraded race} help-
less and wretched ; despised bythe Bue
ropeans, and hated by the Mahometans.
Whenever an additién 18 Made! to. Gar
empire, thé ‘opulence’ of the! inhabitatits
is rapidly diminished. © Whéi’ the®vie-
tory of Plassy laid the foundation of éur
erentniess in India, there! were’ many
Hindoss’of prodigious Wealth, and’ Mas
hometans of great powers’ botli classes
have disappeired } ‘even'the” Eafopeaus
who every: year’ go Sut; complain ‘that
ificy shall return With fortities to: Ways
proportionaté to thésé Of the’ individuals
wlio bad ‘preceded ‘tiem! "Phe first coun-
tries’ whith We ‘Gqfitcd Had the most
productive” ‘svils 3" trpe the whole of
Bengal is allovial'Sroun Pinder a hot
sun, and ape eae Of water, its
productions a re extént unknown
in a worthern reliind fand’as the inha-~
bitants consume but little, much is feft
for the ‘European’ conqueror. But in
Al proportion
618
proportion as our empire has been ex-
tended, the soil has been found less fer-
tile, and the inhabitants. legs opulent.
After the first acquirers had carried off
the fruits of their conquest, the Europe-
ans who’ succeeded them, found little
more than the gleanings of the harvest ;
yet the wholé extent of country, produc-
tive and unproductive, requires equally
to be defended. I am aware that, as
long as the government of India can find
money to pay their sepoys, there is good
reason to believe that these soldiers will
be faithful; but perhaps the moment
may arrive, when this money is not to
be found.
Whether the inhabitants under our
dominion in India amount to sixty mil-
lions, or eighty millions, I will not pre-
tend to say ; but it is pretty well ascer-
tained, that the revenue drawn from
them does not exceed seventeen mil-
lions. I believe the India Company de-
rivés no profit from its commerce with
Indostan: this commerce will probably
be abandoned; for it affords the means
of oppressing the English competitor,
without being profitable to the Compa-
ny: its commerce with China is per-
fectly distinct,
CONCLUSION.
I will now close these Recollections
apd Reflections. The sentiments which
I have wished to impress are these :—
First, that immoderate taxation is the
grievance by which the country is op-
pressed ;. that this immoderate taxation
has been the result of the unnecessary
wars in which the nation has been in-
volved during the reign of George III.
and has been carricd to such an excess,
that it checks and impedes the creative
industry of the people. Either the ex-
penses of the government must be dimi-
nished, or a portion of the dividends
must be withheld from the public credi-
tor. Secondly, that this retrenchment
cannot be effected without a reform of
the House of Commons; inasmuch as
wasteful expenditure is necessary, to
enable the minister to regulate and con-
troul this most ‘expensive. machinery.
The Stuarts were expelled, becatise they
abused the power confided to them. The
House of Commons will be reformed
from a similar cause, viz, because it has
abused that power of taxing which has
been confided to it by the Constitution.
One other sentiment Englishmen should
keep in mind ; it is this,—that our’ go-
vernment is, by the principles of our
Constitution, a civil government; but
that there are certain persons who, dur-
O' Meara’s Voice from. St. Helena.
ing the relgn of George IIT, have endea-
voured to ehange it into a, mililary go-
vernment. .'This system eannotbe per-
severed in; a German military; aanited
to English. profusion, is beyond what
can be supported by the most active in-
dustry of the people; and when English-
men are deprived of the tee of
those principles of civil liberty in which
they have been accustomed,to delight,
their energies will cease,
Seite iW
NAPOLEON IN, EXILE; *.
“or, Wool sii
A VOICE FROM ST. “HELENA.
The Opinions and Reflections of .
NAPOLEON 9) jy),
On the most important, Events.of his. Life
and Government, in his own, Words,
BY BARRY E.(0°MPARAY ESQ!
His Jaté Surgeon.» ;;
In two Volumes, price 28s,
[No work ever appeared-in they English
language so calculated to detainia per-
son from his bed,.or to, descend to, \the
latest posterity, as these volumes. They
not only contain the strong original opi-
nions of the most extraordinary man
that ever lived, but they bring us ac-
quainted with every circumstance of his
character. ‘They “ damn to everlasting
fame” the parties conceried in his igtio-
minious treatment, and in thie base policy
which directed it. «They wither the fac-
titious laurels gained-by his: lucky oppo-
nents, and put to the route-all, the; libéis
and falsehoods, of which, |for,, twenty
years, Europe was the .dupe.;,, For dis;
abusing the world, the author will enjoy
its gratitude ; and, as we have often said,
repentance on this subject will come
too late. We know the author; and, as
we believe him to be a truly hionest and
conscientious man, so we have no doubt
of the substantial’ correctness’ of most
things which he has, narrated, “Our ex-
tracts are copious; and we/hope we have
enriched) our pages: with; the amost pi-
qnaut passages; but we could haye dou-
bled their number, | with, equal)interest
to.our readers, Nothing fatignesin two
full-sized volumes, but. we have. pre-
ferred the parts which relate to Euro-
pean and public topics ; and could not
abridge, without spoiling their ‘effect,
all those details of petty malignity, by
which a-man, whose ame and ‘fame will
mark his: age, when his enemies are for-
gotien,) was hurried ‘out of life: by ‘asys-
ltemcof policy:as wnnecessary as it) was
-ungenerous., The best excuse is error,
. for we bope men,are not/ wicked: by de-
sign ;) but,\as, the consequences are not
Tess fatal, how much we ought to pherish
ree
O’ Meara’s Voice from St. Helena.
free discussion, and listen to the admo-
nitions of bye-standers, before any thing
‘is “done, ‘which, ‘if* wrong, ‘cannot’ be
bo reealled.] ‘
:
bs oe
| PREFACE.
“Paced by peculiar. circumstances
‘arising from my profession, about the
person of the most extraordinary man
perhaps of any age, in. the most critical
juncture of his life, I determined to pro-
fit by the opportunities afforded'me, as
far as'Feould consistently with honour.
The following volames are the result.
Thefew: alleviationswhich Thad it in
my power to offer, Napoleon repaid by
the ‘condescension with which he ho-
noured me; and my necessary profes-
‘sioha? intercourse ‘was ‘soon increased
into’an intimacy, iF I may speak of inti-
macy with: suchyapersonage.: In fact,
in the seclusion ‘uf Longwood, he soon
almost entirelydaidvasidée the emperor ;
with those about-him, he conversed fa-
iniliarly°on his past life; and sketched
the characters, and ‘detailed the anec-
dotes, which are here presented faith-
fully to’ the ‘reader. ‘The unreserved
manner in which he spoke of every thing
can only be conceived by those who
heard him ; and, though where his own
conduct.was questioned, he had a natu-
ral-human leaning towards himself, still
truth appeared: to be his principal, if not
his only object: In the delineation of
characters he ‘was peculiarly felicitous,
His! mind*seemed to concentrate its
beams on the object he wished to eluci-
daté, and its prominent features became
instantly discernible—It may perhaps
be only right to add, that some of the
observations or arguments on particular
subjects were committed to paper from
Napoleon’s own dictation.
1 spoke as little and listened as atten-
tivelyas I. could, seldom. interposing,
except) for the purpose of leading to
those facts ‘on which I wished for infor-
mation.’ To my memory, though natu-
rally ‘retentive, I did not entirely trust ;
imimediatély on retiring from Napoleon’s
presence, I hurried to my chamber, and
carefully committed to paper the topics
of conversation, with, so far as I, could,
the exact wordsused. Where I had the
least doubt asto my accuracy, I marked
it in, my. journal, and. by.a subsequent
recurrence to the)topic, when futare
opportunities offered, L satisfied myself ;
this; alihough I have avoided them as
much as possible, may account for some
occasional repetitions, but Phave thought
it better to appear sometimes tedious,
619
than ever to run the risk of a» mis-
statement.
The following official letter will shew,
that it was at least. the desire of his Ma-
jesty’s ministers, to, bury, Napoleon’s
mind with. his body in the crave of his
imprisonment. IfI have disobeyed the
injunction, it is because I thought that
every fragment of such a mind sbould
be preserved to history,..because I de-
spised the despotism which would incar-
cerate even intellect:—and because I
thought those only should become sub-
sidiary to concealment, who were con-
scious of actions which could not bear
the light.
A dmiralty-office ; Sept. 13, 1817.
Sir,—My Lords Commissioners of
the Admiralty having had under their
consideration a work which has been
published by Mr. Warden, lale surgeon
of his Majesty’s ship Northumberland,
their lordships have commanded me to
signify their directions to you to acquaint
all the officers employed under your or-
ders, that they are to understand, that
if they should presume to publish any
information which they may have ob-
tained by being officially employed at
St. Helena, they will suffer their lord-
ships’ heavy displeasure.
I am, Sir,
Your most obedient, humble servant,
JOHN Barrow.
To Rear-Admiral. Plampin, St, Helena.
LONGWuoD.
Longwood is situated on a plain forms
ed on the summit of a. mountain about
eighteen hundred feet above the Jevel
of the sea; and including Deadwood,
comprises fourteen or filteen hundred
acres of land, a great part of which is
planted with an indigenous tree called
gumwood. Upon his return from Long-
wood, Napoleon proceeded to the Bri-
ars, and intimated to Sir George that he
would prefer remaining there, until the
necessary additions were made to Long-
wood, to returning to town, provided
the proprietor’s consent could be obtain-
ed. This request was immediatcly
granted. The Briars is the name of an
estate romantically situated about a mile
and a half from James ‘Town, compris-
ing a few acres of highly cultivated land,
excellent fruit .and kitchen gardens,
plentifully supplied, with water, adorned
with many delightful shady walks, and
long celebrated for the genuine old Eng-
lish hospitality of the proprietor, Mr.
Balcombe. About twenty yards from
the dwelling house stood a little pavi-
lion, Consisting of ene good room on the
ground.
620
ground-floor; and ‘twovgarrets, »which
Napoleon, not willing to cause any ins
convenience to the family of his host, se-
lected for his abode.° In the lower room
his camp-beds was“put: up, and in this
room hevatey slept, read, and dictated a
portion of his eventful life. Las Cases
and his son:were accommodated in one
of the garrets above, and Napoleon's
premier valet de chambre, and others of
his honsehold, slept in the other, and
upon tlie floor in the little hall opposite
the entrance‘of the lowerroom, At first
his dianer was sent ready cooked from
the town; but afterwards, Mr. Balcombe
found means to get a kitchen fitted up
for his use.
Mr. Balcombe’s family consisted of
his wile, two daughters, one about
twelve and the other fifteen years of
age, and two boys of five or six. ‘The
young ladies spoke French fluently, and
Napolcon frequently dropt in to play a
rubber of whist or bold a little conversa-
zione. On one occasion he indulged
them by participating in a game of blind-
man’s-boff, very much to the amuse-
menatof the young ladies. Nothing was
left undone’ by this worthy family that
could contribute to lessen the inconve-
niences of his sitnation.
FIRST RESIDENCE.
During ; the tiine ‘that Napoleon re-
sidediat' the Briars, L kept no regular
journal, and/consequently can give only
a brief outline of whattook place. His
time was oceupied principally in dictat-
ing to Les Cases and his son, or to
Counts, Bertrand, Montholon, and Gour-
gaud, some of whom daily visited him.
He occasionally received some visitors,
who came, too pay their respects to him
on the dawn before the house; and, ina
few instances, ssome who had received
that permission, were presented to bim,
when at. Mrs Baleombe’s inthe evening.
He frequently walked for hours) ini ithe
shady paths and shrubberies of ‘the Bri-
ars, where,.care was taken. to prevent
his being, intruded upon. Daring one.of
these walks, he stepped and pointed out
to me the frightfub precipices which en-=
vironed, us, and) said,‘ Behold your
country’s generosity, ¢hisis their libera=
lity to the unfortunate: man; who,blindly
relying on what be'so falsely imagined
to be their national character;in an: evil
hour unsuspectingly confided \hiniself to
them. I once thought, that you. wexe
free: [now see that your ministers laugh,
at. your laws; which are, like: those) of
other nations; formed. only to oppress
the defenoeless, and screen the power-
O'Meéara’s Voice from St. Helena.
ful, whenever your/goverament has: any
object in view.” listo
MURAT AND NEY!) D115
Some'short ‘time after his) arrival at’
Longwood, I communicated tohim the
news of Murat’s' death, | He lieard: it
with calmness; and immediately, |de=>
manded, if he had perished: on’ thre? field
of battle?) At first Dhesitated> to» tell
him: that his» brother-in-law \ had “been
executed like ‘avcriminal. Onehisore-
peating the question, I informed him of
the manneroin whieh: Marat had: been
put to death, which he listened: tonwith-
out any change of countenance.:>Talso
communicated, the intelligence of ‘the
death of Ney. “He was a brave! man;
nobody more so; but»he owas a mad-)
man,” said-hes ‘S He hasodied without
having the esteem of mankiridio: He be-
trayed me at Fontainebleau: the pro-
claination against the Bourbons, which’
he said in his defeiice I caused to be
given him, was written by bimself, ‘and
I never knew any thing aboutthat doct-
mentuntil it was read to the troops... Lt
is true, that 1 sent him orders to obey.
me. What could he do?) His troops:
abandoned him. Not! only the ‘troops,
but the people wished to joimme.”»
MISS) WILLIAMS.) y! 01%"
I had lent him Miss W illiamis’s“ Pre+
sent State of France” to'read.) oDwo or
three days afterwards) he \saidy to:-me,
while dressing, “ That is\a vile:produc-
tion of that lady of yours. Itis)acheap:
of falsehoods. This,” opening this)shirt,
and shewing: his flannel «waisteoat, fis)
the only coat of mail I everavores My.
hat lined with steel too} There is)'the
hat I wore,” pointing: to the one he \ab-
ways carried. ‘¢ Oh, she has:doubtless
been well paid for all themalice and ithe:
falsehoods she has poured forth.”
HIS) HABITS. .
Napoleon’s: hours of rising-were un-
certain, muchdepending upon the quan-
tum of rest:he had enjoyed:during the
night. «He \was in general a bad sleeper,
and: frequently got up at three or four
o’cloek,.in which ease hesread: or wrote
until six or seven, atwhieh time; when
the weather was‘fine, he sometimes went:
out)to ride,:attended by some: of his:ge-
nerals, or laid down again to rest ifdria
couple of hours); When he retired to
bed, ie could notsleep unless the:most
perfect;statesof darkness was: obtained,
by.therclosute of every cranny through
whieh away of ‘ight might pass -al-
thongh Dhave sometimes seen him fall
asleep: on the sofa, and remain so for a:
fewominutesin broad day-light. |) When
, ill,
O'Meata’s Voice from St. Helena.
ill, Marchand oceasionally; read: to! hinv
until he fell asicep. At timessbe rose at
seven, and wrote ordictated until break-
fast time >: or, ifothe morming wasovery
fine) he ‘went out: to ride.) When he
breakfasted)in his own roomy ‘it was ges
nerally, servedron:a little roundtable, at
bétween nine and ‘ten; when alony with
the rest of his suite, ateleven: in either
ease ld ila fourchette.|: After breakfast,
hegenetally dictated: tosome of his suite
for aifew>hours, and attwo or three
o'clock) received’ such visitors, as, by
previous! appointment bad: been directed
to-present themselves. Between: four
andi five, ‘when! the weather permitted,
he: rede ont! om horseback or in the ear-
riage, accompanied by all his suite, for
an boupor two; :ihen returned and dic-
tatedoor read: untileight, or oecasionally
played-a game at ehess, at whieh time
dinner: was announced, which rarely ex-
ceeded twenty minutes or halfan hoar in
duration. "He ateheartilyand fast, and
didnot appear to be partial to high sea-
soned er rich: food.» One of his most
favourite dishes was'a roasted leg of
muttou, of which I have seen him some-
times pare the outside brown part off ;
he was also: partial to mutton chops.
He rarely drank: as’ muchas a pint of
claret ‘atchis ‘dinner, which was gene-
rally.maich. diluted with water. After
dinner;} when the servants had with-
drawn;;and when there were no visitors,
he-sometimes played at chess or at whist,
but’ more frequently sent for a volume of
Corncille, or of some other esteemed au-
thor, and -read aloud for an hour, or
chatted -with the ladies and the rest of
his suites“ He usually retired to his bed-
room at ten or eleven, and to rest, im-
mediately afterwards. When he break-
fasted or dincd in his own apartment
(dans Vintérieur ), he sometimes sent for
one of his suite to converse with him
during the repast: He never ate more
than two meals.a day, nor, since ] knew
him, had le ever. taken more than a very
small cup of coffce after cach repast, and
at no other time: 1] have also been in:
formed hy:those who have been in his
servicerfor fifteen years, that he had ne-"
ver exceeded ‘that
first knew him.
ST. HELENA.
_ “In this: isola maladetta,’ said he,
“ there is neither sun normoon to be
seen for the greatest; part of the ‘year.
Constant rainand fog. Il ds worse than
Capri. Have you ever becnat Capri?”
continoed he. I replied in the affirma-
tive, “ There,” said he, you can have
quantity since they
621
every thing: you. want from the continent
ina few hours.” Heialterwards made
a fesw remarks upon some absurd false-
hoods: which bad been published. in’ the
ministerial) papers respecting him; and
asked iif iti were“ possible that the Eng-
lish-eould. be so foolishly eredulons as to
believe all the stuff we published about
him.”
COCKBURN.
“ Weis not,” said he, “a man of a
bad heart; on the contrary, I believe
him to be capable of a generous action;
butvhe is rongh, overbearing, vain, cho-
leric, and capricious; never consulting
any body ; jealous ofhis authority ; car-
ing little of the manner in whieh he ex-
ercises it, and sometimes violent without
dignity.”
FEES.
He then asked me many questions
about the relative price of articles in
England and St. Helena, and concluded
by asking if I took any fees for attend-
ing siek people on the island. I replied
in the negative, which seemed to’ sur-
prisehim. ‘‘ Corvisart,” said he, * not-
withstanding his being my first physi-
cian, possessed’ of great wealth, and in
the habit of receiving many rich presents
from me, constantly took a Napoleon
for each visit-he paid to the sick. In
your country particularly every man bas
his trade: the member of parliament
takes money for his vote, the ministers
for their places, the lawyers for their
opinion.”
CHRONOMETERS.
“ How shameful it is,” said he, “ for
your government to put three or four
hundred men on-board of a ship destined
for this place without a chronometer,
thereby running the! risk of a ship and
cargo, of the value perhaps of half a
million, together with the lives ‘of so
many povert diavolt, forthe sake of say-
ing three or four hundred francs for a
watch. J,’’ continued he, ‘ ordered’
that every ship employed in the French
service should be supplied with one. It
is a weakness in your government not to
he accounted for.””” He then asked’me
if it were true that a court of inquiry
was then holding upon some officer for
having made too free with the ‘bottle.
“Ts it-a crime,” added he, “ for the
English to get drank, ‘and will a court-
martial be thesconsequence ? for, if that
were the case, you'would have nothing
but court:martials every day. was
a little merry on-board every day after
dinner,’ TI observed that there was a
wide difference between being merry
and
622
and vetting drunks ‘He Rattghiedl, and
repeated what! he had® Said relative ‘to
court-martial: Ty 48 trae)” suid: he,
“then, that they até Seriding ont a neue
and furnittive* for nies as “there “are 80
many fies*in’ your newspapers, that I
have my” dotibts, especially ‘as I°have
heard nothing about it Officially 2”?
' WISITCIN HIS “‘BED-ROOM,
Tt was about fourteen feet by twelve,
and ten or eleven feet in height. The
walls were lined with brown nankeen,
bordered and edged with common green
bordering paper, and destitute of sur-
bace. ‘Two small windows,’ without
pullies, looking towards the camp of the
53d regiment, one of which was thrown
up and fastened by a piece of notebed
wood. Window-curtains of white long
cloth, a small fire-place, a shabby grate,
and fire-irons to match, with a paltry
mantel picce of wood, painted white,
upon which stood a small marble bust
of ‘his|‘son. Above the mantel-piece
hung the portrait of Marie Louise, and
four or five of young Napoleon, one of
which was embroidered by the hands of
ihe mother. Instead of shewingyte the |
troops! some: of those generals pwho had, |
so often Jed) them, to glory) liesbreught,|
with him a set of misérables; who, served,
no other purpose than to recal to the
minds, of the;,veterans| their former suf-
ferings under the; «noblesse, jand ithe
priests. - 291 of dai
“To give youan jnsiapre ofithe general,
feeling in Franee.towards|the, Bourbons, |
I will relate to tyou san: anecdote, On
my return from Ltaly, while, my carriage
was ascending the-steep: billiof,‘Parare, I)
got out and walked ‘up, without any (at-
tendants, as was.often my, custom... My;
wife, and my suite, were,at.a little dis-
tance behind me.,, I.saw, an.old;woman,,
lame, and hobbling about with, the, help
of a crutch, endeavouring to ascend the
mountain. I had: a. great; coat,.on,,and,
was not recognized...I went, up, to sber,
and said; Well, ma ‘bonne, where; are,
you going with a haste which so little
belongs to your years? What, is) the
matter? ‘Ma foi,’ replied ethe;ald
dame, ‘ they tell me the emperonis/here,
and I want to see him-before; L die:’
Bah, bah, said I, whatdo. you wantsto
sce him for. What have you gained; by
him. He is a tyrant,as wwelljjas »the
others, You have only, changed;ione
tyrant for another, Louis for, Napoleon,
‘ Mais, monsicur; that maybe; butjafter
all, he is the king of the people, andthe
Bourbons were the kings of .the, nobles.
We have chosen him,:and.if we aresto
have a tyrant, let him, be one chosen by
ourselves” There,”, said be; ‘you have
the sentiments of the: Freneh nation, ex+
pressed by an old. womap.”))) od o4
SOULT He woot
L asked:his opinion about, Soult, ; ‘and
mentioned that had heard somepersons
place-him in the rank next to bimself-as
algenetalo. He replied, “he! is-an.ex-
cellent minister- at-waryor major-general
ofran‘army 2 one wlio. knows much, better
they arrangement ofan army, thansto
eommandiunchief.” «! itonm ons
VANDAMME. oni ain
Heard a. eurious anecdote of General
WVandammie: *« When made, prisoner by
the Russians, he:was brought before the
Emperor: -Alexander, who's reproached
himaimbitter terms with being ya robber,
aiplunderer,; and «a murderer ; adding,
that no favour contd be granted te,queh
an -excerable character. )) This was) fol -
lowed
7 WS
UE
O'Meua’s Voice from St. Helena.
lowed ‘by an order’ that ‘he should be
sent to’Siberia; ‘whilst the other prison
crs were sent’ to & mucly less ‘northern’
destination’ ‘Vandamme ‘teplied) with
gréat saig froid, “It may be; sire; that
Tam @ robberand a pluiderer 5 (but) at
least P have not to-reproach’ myself-with
having ‘soiled(my. hands’ with the blood
oPa‘father!!” a8 iikw
SUS: OF AB HIS' PLANS.
J expect’ nothing from® the present
ministry “but ill treatment:® The “more
they want to lessen me, the more I will
exalt fyselfo oTt° was my intention to
have ‘assumed: the’ nameof ‘Colonel
Metron} who'was*killed ‘by my side at
Aftcola; covering the with'his body, and
to have lived as aiprivate person in Eng-
land; itt some part lof the country, where
Timightthave lived retired, without ever
desiring to'mix in'the grand world. I
woul never have gone to London, nor
have dined out. © Probably I'should have
seen 'very® few persons.° Perhaps I
might ‘have’ formed a friendship with
some “savans. I would have rode out
évery ‘day, and then’ returned to my
books.” ‘TL observed, that as long as he
kept up the title of majesty, the English
ministérs would’ have‘a pretext for keep-
inf himoin!) St.°Helena. He replied,
“tliey foree ‘me'to it. T wanted to as-
sume ‘an weognito’ on my arrival here,
whieh was proposed to the admiral, but
they will not permitit. ‘They insist on
éalling*me General Bonaparte. I have
no'reason to be ashamed of that title, but
Fwill not take it from them. \ If the re-
public had not a legal existence, it had
no’ more right to'constitute me general,
than first'magistrate. | If I were in Eng-
land now, and a deputation from France
- were 'to‘come and offer me the: throne,
DPwould not accept of it, unless I: knew
such to be the unanimous wish of the na-
tion. Otherwise I'should be obliged to
tarn bourreau, and cut off 4he heads of
thousands to keep «myself! upon! it
‘oceans’ of ‘blood must flow*to:keep» me
there—T have made noise enouglvin the
worldalready, perhaps too: much,:and
anionowgetting’ old) ando wantiretire-
ments” These,” ‘contiiued hey tf were
the motives which induced me*toiabdi-
cate the last time,”
“909. (0 OPHE) DETENSION. i
- Pobseryed to him, that when hewas
‘emperor, he ‘had caused «Sir: Geonge
‘Cockburn’s brotherito:be arrested, when
envoy at Hambargh, and iconveyed: to
Franec, where he was detained for some
years. He appeated surprised at. this,
and endeavoured to recollect: it. « After
629
a pause, he asked me, if I was sure that
the’ personso ‘arrested: was Sir George
Gockburn’s ‘brother.: Dreplied, that I
was perfectly'so, as the admiral had told
me. the! ‘circumstance y himself. © “Lt ‘is
likely enough,’ oreplied ‘he, “but D-do
not‘recollcet the name. T)suppose,‘hows
ever, that'it must: have’ been at the'time
when’ I «caused ‘alll ‘the: English b'could
find on the continent to be detained, be-
cause your government had seized)upon
allothe Frenchships, sailors; ‘and pas-
sengers, they could lay their hands/upon:
in harbour, oriat sea, before the declara-
tion of war.« 1, inmy turn, seized upon
all: the English that I could find at land;
in order to shew them, thatiif they. were
all-powerful ‘at sea, and) could do: what
they Jiked there, : Dowas equally so: by:
land, and: had as’ good: a» right: to» seize
people on my element as they had upom
theirs. Now,” said he, “I canscom-
prehend the reason why your mibisters
selected him. Iam surprised, however,
that he never told me any. thing about
it. A man of delicacy would not:have
accepted the task of conducting,meé
here under similar circumstances.:\) You:
will see,” continued he, “that ina short
time the English will cease to hateames
So many ‘of them have been and: are) ini
France, where they will hear the trutby
that they will produce,a revolution of
opinion in England—I will leave: it, to
them to justify me, and I ‘have no
doubts about the result.” Te
NEW INSULTS; rio
October 10, 1816.—Had,' sone :con-
versation with Napoleon:in his dressing-
room, during which I endeavoured to
convince him that Sir, Hudson Lowe
might in reality have intended, to offer
civilities at times when his conduet,was
supposed to-be insalting;, that, bis, ges
tures sometimes indicated, intentions far
from his thoughts ;/and-pavtienlanly, ex
plained, to him that, Sir Hudson Lowe's
having Jaid his hand .apon, his |swords
proceeded: entirely from .an) involuntary
habit which be:|bad of, seizing; his, sabre,
and raising it; between,bis,side and, his
atm, (which; T,endeavoured to.shew, him
by gestures) ;,,that, he; bad, himself, ex-
pressed tome that, none but a confirmed
villaine would -attempt; to draw upon an
unarmed, man.) “Pen 2, ragazzi, dot-
tore,! xeplied, Napoleon, “se non é boja,
almeno'\ne:ha,Varia., }Has he shewn you
the: new ‘restrictions jheyhas sent to us?”
I replied, that he-had not. said a word
about them. . ‘¢.AA;” answered the em-
peror, “son .certa che abbia qualche cosa
sinistva in-vista.”’
This
630
» This: evening Count Bertrand, came,
to my room in order thatiI should assist
him‘in translating: somejpart of the, new
restrictions whichnwere;yhe||said; of .a
nature sooutrageeus to, the,emperor;
that she! was! induced) to, flatter, himself
with thesideacthat he-had not understood
them,» They2were those, parts where
Napoleon-was) prohibited from,zoing off
the high road); from-going,on the path
leading 10 Miss\Mason’s; from.entering
into, any house,. and.from,conversing
With any person whom he might mect 1.
his rides or walks. . Preparedias Twas
by the governor’s manner, and by what
T had observed this day, to ex pect some-
thing, very severe, I) confess that at the
first. sight of these, restrictions, 1. re-
mained. thanderstruck, ‘and, even, after
reading them over three or four times,
eould svareely persuade myself that. I
had. properly understood them.
‘NAPOLEON'S REPININGS.
. October. 13.—Napoleon . in. bis bath.
Complained, of headach, and general
uneasiness; and was a_ little feverish.
He.railed against the island, and ob-
served, that he could not walk out when
the sun was to be scen, for half an hour,
without getting .a .headach, in conse-
quence of the. want-of shade. ‘ Vera-
mente,” said he, “it requires great re-
solution and strength of mind to sup-
port such an. existence as mine in this
horrible abode. Every day, fresh colpi
di, stilo al cuore,da questo boja, che ha
piacere a far di male. It appears to be
his. only, amusement, Daily he ima-
gines modes of, annoying, insulting, and
making me ,undergo, fresh_privations.
He wants to shorten my life by daily
irritations. By his last restrictions, [
am not permitted to speak to any onc
I may meet, .'To people under sentence
of death, this is not denied. A man may
be ironed, confined in a cell, and kept
on bread and water, but.the. liberty, of
speaking is not denied to, him., It is a
piece of tyranny, uvheard, of, except in
the instance of the man with the iron
mask. ‘Fn the tribunals of the inquisi-
tion, a man is heard in bis own defence ;
but Ihave been condemned, unheard,
and without trial, in violation fall laws,
divine and human; detained ‘as a’ pri-
soner of war in a time of peate;' Sepa-
rated from my wife ‘and child} Vidlently
transported here, where ‘atbitrary and
hitherto! anknovwn’ restrictions ‘are ims
posed Upon me ; ‘extending even to the
privation of speech. “Iam sure,” ¢oh-
tinued he, “that fine uf ‘the ministers
O'Meara’ sV vice from St., Helena,
execpt, Lord. Bathurst,*\ would. give
their consent, to, this last actof tyrauny.
Elis great. desire, of secrecy, shews, that
he is afraid of ,hisyconduct,.being made
kvown,even,to the ministers themsel yes.
Instead, ofall this mystery, and, espion;
age,|they, would do better, te treat mem
such a;mannerasnotio-be afraid of any
disclosures, being, mades .You,reeollect
what. I said to,yyouywhen,.this governor
told me, inpresence of the,admiral, that
he would: send: any, complaints we had
to make to. England, ahdiget themipub,,
lished in,tbe journals, .. You-see nowy,
that he. is in, fear and), trembling, Jest
Montholon’s. letter should find its way, to
England, or be, known to the inhabitants
here... hey, profess iv, England, to far,
nish all my, wants; and in.fact Ucy.send
out many things: this man.then, comes
out, reduces eyery.thing, obliges me to
sell, my plate in order, .to purchase.those
necessaries of life which he.cither denies
altogether, or supplies, in; quantities so
small as to; be insufficient; imposes, daily
new and arbitrary, restrictions, insults
me and my followers ; concludes with
attempting , to, deny,,.me the. fanulig nt
speech, and then has dhe impudencge, to,
write, that he, has.changed. nothing.
He says, that if strangers come to visit
me, they cannot. speak, to, .any,of, my
suite, and wishes that they, arcs ne,
presented by him... If my, sen came...te
the island, and it. were required trae
should be presented. by,,bim, L woule
not see him, | You.know,”, conti
he, ‘ that it was more.a trouble, tI Ph
pleasure for me to receive many,of, the
strangers who arrived; some;,of whom,
. £ c
would ata curzous beast ; but-stil it was
consoling to have, the right.to, see 4hem,.
if I pleased,” " ok de udstare
HIS, SERVANTS FIDELITY ..0. 4
The paper sent. by, the governor.. to.
Longwood, containing an acknowledg-,
ment from the French. of, their willing-
hess to. submit, to such. sestrictions as
had, or might beimposed upon Napoleon
Bouaparte, was, signed by all, and sent
to Sir, Hudson Lowe, "The. only alters
ation made, by them, was ,the substi-
tuting of “2 Empereur Napoléon,”, for,
“Napoleon Bonaparte.” On , the. fol-
lowing day the papers were sat hare
by the.governor, to Count Bertrand,
witha demand that Napoleon Boraparte
should |, be , inserted in . the, place. of
mercly came to, gaze; al. me, as, they;
“* The man of the smallest mind in. the
present ministry of senior clerks in office,
—Epit. ‘ ane
‘aide ? Empereur
O'Meara’s Voice from St. Helena,
P Bmpereur Napoléon. Saw Napoleon,
-who''told ime that he had advised ‘them
not! fo” sign’ if, Hat ratlier to’ ‘quit the
istanid, ditid BS TOHO CAP el? VISE 2b 91
“At eleven o'clock “at night,°a letter
wus sent by Sir Hudson’ Lowe to Count
Bertiand) in’ which he ‘informed’ him,
tut in corisegretice of the refusal of the
french officers to siguthe’ declaration
with the words, Napoleon Bonaparte,
they and” ‘the ‘domestics’ must: all de-
part for°the’ Cape of Good Hope’ in-
stantly, WW 2 Ship which’ was ready ‘for
thcif reception; with the exception of
ook} miitre de hOtel, and one or two
of the’valets that in consideration of the
ailvanced ‘state of Countess Bertrand’s
pregnancy, her husband would be per-
mitted to remain titi! she was able to
ber the’ voyage:
Tlie prospect-of separation from the
emperor caused great “rief and conster-
hation among the irimates of Longwood,
who, without the knowledge of Napoleon,
waited’ upon’ Captain Poppleton after
midnight, “and signed the obnoxious
paper, Cyith the: exception of Santini,
Who refused’ to sign’ to any in which he
Was not styled 7’ Empereur ), which was
transmitted to the governor.
EPEY 0) SHOT RATT ee:
uF fete a! that many were surprised
at his having ‘retained the title after ab-
dication, “He replied, “I abdicated the
irone of France, but not the title of
efor. Ido not call myself Napoleon,
éeror of France, but the Emperor
oleon. Sovereigns generally retain
tieir tiflés!” Phas Charles of Spain re-
fairs ‘the title ‘of king and mujesty, after
lia¥ving abdicated in favour of his son.
If 1 were in England, I would not call
niyself emperor.’ “But they want to
make it appear that the French nation
had not a right to make me its sove-
reign. Tf they had not a right to make
me emperor, they were equally incapable
of making me general. A man, when
he is at the head of a few, daring the
disturbances of a country, is called a
cliief of rebels; but, when he suceceds;
effects ‘great actions, and éxalts his
country and himself, from being styled
ef of ee is called general,
sovercign, &c. It is only success which
akes ‘him such, Had he been anfor-
titiate, be would be ‘still chiet of re-
els, and perhaps perish on a scaffold,
Your ‘nation,” corntinned he “ called
Washington a leader of rebels for a Jong
time, and refused to acknowledge either
him or the constitution of his country ;
but his successes obliged them to change,
631
and’ acknowledge both. » Itvis: snecess
which makes the great'man. It would
appear truly ridicalous’ins me,” added
he, “‘ to'eallanyself emperor, situated as
Team ‘here, and would* remind one’ of
those ‘poor! wretches: in’ Bethlem, «in
London, who" fancy” themselves: kings
amidst their chains and’ straw, were*it
not that your ministers force me to it.”
SAVARY AND FOUCHE:
Pare,” said he, “che questo gover-
naterée é stato sempre spione. He is fit
to be commissary ‘of police in a small
town.” I asked him, which he thought
had’ been the ‘best minister of police,
Savary or Fouclié, adding, that both
of them had a bad reputation. itr
England. “Savary,” said he, “isnot a
bad man; on the’ contrary, Savary is a
man of a good heart, and a brave sol-
dier. You have seen him weep. He
loves me with the affection of a ‘son.
The English, who have been in France,
will soon undeceive yournation. Fouché
is a miscreant of all colours, a priest, a
terrorist, and one who took an active
part in many bloody scenes in the re-
volution. He is a man who can worm
_all your secrets out of you with ‘an air
of calm and of unconcern. He is very
rich,” added he, ‘but bis riches were
badly acquired. ‘There was a tax upon
gambling houses in Paris, but, as it was
an infamous way of gaining money, 1
did not like to profit by it, and there-
fore ordered that the amount of the tax
should be appropriated to an hospital
for the poor. It amounted!’ “to” sofie
millions; but Fouché, who liad the col-
lecting of the impost, put many of thenr
into his own pockets, and it was ‘im-
possible for me to discoyer the” real
yearly suin total.” milter Mee
HIS CREATIONS.
that the creation of any rank resembling
them would have given universal dis-
2 content,
632
content, which I, powerfal as I was,
dared not yenture upon.) I instituted
the new nobility to ¢erdser the;old, and
to satisfy the people, as the greatest
part of those I created had sprung from
themselves, and every private soldier
had a right to look up to the title of
duke.
HIS HEALTH.
He complained of his general health,
aud added, that he feit convinced that
he could not last long, under all the
circumstances. I advised, as remedies,
exercise and the diet I had formerly re-
commended. He observed, that he
had put in practice the diet and the
other remedies, but as to taking exer-
cise (which was the most essential) the
restrictions presented an insurmountable
obstacle. He asked many anatomical
questions, particularly about the heart,
and observed, Credo che il mio cuore
non batie mai, non Vho sentito mai bat-
tersi. He then desired me to feel his
heart. I tried for some time, but could
not feel any pulsation, which Lattributed
to obesity. I had before observed, that
the circulation in him was very slow,
rarely exceeding fifty-eight or sixty in
a minute, and. most frequently fifty-four.
_ Oct. 21.—Dined at Plantation House
in company with the Russian and
Austrian commissioners, the botanist,
and Captain Gor. They generally ex-
pressed great dissatisfaction at not
having yet seen Napolcon. Count
Balmaine in particular observed that
they (the commissioners) appeared to
be objects of suspicion; that, had he
been aware of the manner in which they
would have been treated, he would not
have come out. That the Emperor
Alexander had great interest in pre-
venting the escape of Napoleon, but
that he wished him to be well treated,
and with that respect due to him: for
which reason he (Count Balmaine) had
only asked to sce him as a private per-
son and not officially as commissioner.
That they should be objects of ridicule
in Europe, as soon as it was known
they had been so many months in St,
Helena without ever once secing the
individual, to ascertain whose presence
was the sole object of their mission.
That the governor always replied to
their questions that Bonaparte had re-
fused to receive any person whatsoever.
The botanist held language of a similar
tendeney, and remarked, that Long-
wood was “ le dernier séjour du monde,”
and in his opinion the worst part of the
island.
.O'Meara’s Voice from St. Helena.
Oct. 23.—Napoleon: indisposed: one
of bis\ cheeks considerably tumefied.
Recommended, fomentation and steam-
ing the part affected, which he put in
practice. Recommended. also: the .ex-
traction of a carious tooth, and renewed
the advice I had given on many previous
occasions, particularly. relative: to sexs
ercise, as soon as the reduction of the
swelling permitted it; also a continu-
ance of diet, chiefly vegetable, with
fruits. lhipah |
“There is either a furious wind,” ire+
plied he, ‘f with fog, which gives me a
swelled face when I go out, or when
that is wanting, there is a sun) which
scorches my brains (c’é wn sole ehe mé
brucia il cervello)) for want of shade.
They continue: me purposely in. the
worst part of the island. When I was
at the Briars, I had at least the advan-
tage of a shady walk and a mild cli-
mate ; mais ict on arrivera aw but qu'on
se propose plus vite,’ continued he.
“Have you seen lo sbirro Siciliano?”
I replied, that Sir Hudson Lowe had
informed me that he had written to
England an account of his proposal to
assume an incognito name. ‘* Won dice
altro che bugie,” said Napoleon. | “It
is his system. Lying,” added ‘he, ‘Sis
not a national vice of the English, but
this * **** has all the vices of the little
petty states of Italy.”
ALGIERS,
At Amiens, I proposed to your go-
vernment to unite with me, either to
entirely destroy those nests of pirates,
or at least to destroy their ships, for-
tresses, and make them cultivate their
country, and abandon piracy. But
your ministers would not consent 1o it,
owing to a mean jealousy of the Ame-
ricans, with whom the Barbarians were
at war. f£ wanted to annihilate them,
though it did not concern me much, as
they generally respected my flag, and
carried on a large trade with Marseilles.”
STATE OF ENGLAND.
The conversation turned upon. the
national debt and the great weight of
taxes in England. Napoleon professed
himself doubtful that the English could
now continue to manufacture goods so
as to be able to sell them at the same
price as those made in France, in con-
sequence of the aciual necessaries. of
life being so much dearer in England
than in France. He professed his: dis-
belief that the nation could support the
immense weight of taxes, the dearness
of provisions, and the extravagance of a
bad administration. “When I was in
France,”
O' Meara’s Voice from St. Helena.
France,” continued he; “ with \four
times? the extent of territory, and four
tines tlie population, I never could have
raised one halfof your taxes. | How the
ling lish popolazzo bear it, 1 cannot! con-
ceive Phe French: would not have
suffered) one fourth of them. Notwith-
standing) your great successes,” conti-
naed hey }which are indeed almost in-
credible, and to. which accident, and
porhaps) destiny, have much contri-
buied, I do not think thaf you are yet
ot of the serape: though you have the
world ‘at’ command; I do not believe
that you wilhever he able to get over
your debt, » Your’ great) commerce has
keptyou up pbut that will failwhen you
will’ no! longer be able to undersell the
manufacturers of other nations, who are
rapidly: improving. » Av few years: will
tell if L am right.
OUR ARMY /AND ‘NAVY.
-©The worst: thing: Bngland-has ever
done, was that of endeavouring to make
herselfia great military nation. ~In at-
tempting that, England mast always be
the slave of Russia, Austria, or Prussia,
or at Jeast subservient to some of them ;
because you have nota population suffi-
eichtlymumerous to combat on the con-
tinént with -Pyanee, or with any of the
powers L have named, and must conse-
quently hire men from some of them;
Whereas, at sea, you are so superior;
your sailors are somuch better, that you
ean always command the otliers with
safety to yourselves and with little com-
parative expense. Your soldiers have
not the requisite qualities for a military
nation. ‘They are not. equal in address,
activity, or intelligence, to the French.
When they get from under. the fear of
the Jash, they obey nobody. In a re-
treat, they cannot be managed; and if
they meet with wine, they are so. many
devils (¢anti diavoli ), and adieu to subor-
dination. I saw the retreat of Moore,
and I neyer witnessed any. thing like. it.
It was impossible to collect or to make
them do any thing. . Nearly, all, were
drunk.» Your officers depend. upon, in;
terest. or money for promotion. Your
soldiers are brave, nobody can deny, it;
but it was bad policy to enconrage. the
military mania, instead of sticking to
your marine, which is the real force of
your country, and one which, while you
preserye it, will always render you, pow-
erful, Inorder to have good soldiers, a
nation must always be at war.”
Bi, WATERLOO. _ ,
“If you had lost the battle of Water-
Joo, what,a state would England haye
~Montu ty Maa, No. 370, ~~
633
been in? The flower of your youth
would have been destroyed ; for nota
man, not evem Lord Wellington, would
have escaped.” I observed here that
Lord Wellington had determined never
to leave the field alive.» Napoleon re-
plied, “he could. not retreat. He
would have been destroyed with his
army, if instead of the Prussians,
Grouchy had come up.” Lasked bim if
he had not believed for some time that
the Prussians who bad shewn. them-
selves, were a part of Grouchy’s corps.
He replied, “‘ Certainly ; and 1 can now
scarcely comprehend why it was a
Prussian division and not that © of
Gronchy.” L then took the liberty of
askiog whether, if: neither Grouchy nor
the Prussians had arrived, it would not
have been a drawn battle. Napoleon
answered, “the English army, would
have been destroyed. They. were de-
feated at mid-day. But accident, or
more likely destiny, decided that Lord
Wellington should gain it. I could
scarcely believe that be would haye
given me battle ; because, if he had. re-
treated to Antwerp, as he ought to haye
done, I must have been overwhelmed by
the armies of three or four hundred
thousand men that were coming against
me. By giving me battle, there was a
chance forme. It was the greatest folly
to disunite the English and. Prussian
armies. They ought to. have. been
united ; and [ cannot conceive the reason
of their separation. It, was folly, in
Wellington to give me battle in a place,
where, if defeated, all. must haye been
lost, for he could not retreat. There was
a wood in his rear, and but one road to
gain it. He would have, been destroyed.
Moreover, he allowed himself to be sur-
prised by me. This was a great, fault,
He ought to have been encamped from
the beginning of June, as he must aye
known that I intended to attack him.
He, might have lost every thing. But
he has been fortunate ; his destiny has
prevailed; and every thing he did will
meet with applausc. My intentions
were, to attack and to destroy the Eng-
lish army. This I knew would produce
an immediate change of ministry, The
indignation against them for having
caused the loss of forty thousand of tke
flower of the English army, would have
excited such a popular fecling, that they
would haye been turned out. The peo-
ple would have said, “What is it to us
who is on the throne of France, Louis or
Napoleon; are we. to sacrifice all our
blood in endeavours to place on the
wale: a throne
634
throne a detested family, 2), No,| we have
suffered enough... Lt is no affair of ours,
—let them settle it amongst themselves.
They would) have.made, peace.) |The
Saxons, Bavarians, Belgians, Wirtem-
burghers, would have joined'me. The
coalition was nothing without England.
The Russians, would have made peace,
aud I should have been quictly seated
on the throne. Peace would have been
permanent, as what could france do
after the treaty of Paris? What was to
be feared from her?”
“These,” continued he, “were my
reasons for attacking the English. I
had beaten the Prussians. Before
twelve o'clock, Thad succeeded. Every
thing was mine, L may say, but accident
and destiny decided it otherwise. The
English fought most bravely doubtless,
nobody can deny, it. But they must
have been destroyed.
THE WAR.
“ Pitt and bis politics,” continued he,
“nearly ruined England by keeping up a
continental war with France.” I re-
marked, that it was asserted by many
able politicians in England, that if we
had not earried on that war, we should
have been ruined, and ullimately have
become a province of France. “It is
not true,” said Napoleon; “ England
being at ;war with France, gave the
latter a pretence and an opportunity of
extending ber conquests to the length
she did under me, until lL became empe-
ror of nearly all the world, which could
not have happened, if there had been
no war. The conversation then turned
upon the occupation of Malta, ‘Two
days,” suid he, “before Lord Whit-
worth left Paris, an offer was made to
the minister and to others about, me of
thirty millions of franes, and to acknow-
Jedgemeas King of France, provided I
would give you up, Malta.”—Napoleon
added, however, that the war would have
broken out, had Malta been out of the
question.
JOSEPHINE,
Had some. conversation .with him
relative to the Empress Josephine, of
whom he spoke in terms the most aflec-
tionate. His first acquaintance, with
that amiable being commenced after the
disarming of the sections in. Paris, sab-
sequently to the 13th of Vendemiaire,
1795. ‘A boy of twelve or. thirteen
years. old presented, himself to. me,”
continued he, “and entreated that-his
father’s sword (who had been a general
of the republic,) should be returned... I
was so touched by this affectionate re-
O' Meara’s Voice from St. Helena.
quest, that I ordered it to, be given.to
hinny ‘This boy was, Bugene Beauhar-
nois., (On seeing the sword, he burst into
tears, I. feltso much»affeeted oby, bis
conduct, that,I noticed,and praised, him
much,,;5 A) few) days (afterwardsyo his
mother, came, to!retum:, me _alovisit (of
thanks, , I was much -struek with»her
appearance, and still, more, with» ber
esprit. ‘This. first, impression was daily
strengthened, aad marriage was notiong
in following.” lsd to i
LOWE'S REASONING?) efor
Saw. Sir Hudson) Lowe.. Informe
him of Napoleon’s) state: of shealthy and
that he had. attributed his, complaints to
the violence, of the wind, and:the bleak
and ex posed’ situation! of} Longwood;
also that he had, expressed /a desire to
be removed either) tosthe. Briars, or to
the other side of the island:) | His .cxcel-
lency replied, “ The factis, that General
Bonaparte, wants , to) .get -Plantation-
house ; but the East India Company will
not consent to have so finea plantation
given to a set of Frenelimen, to destroy
the trees and ruin the gardens.” +
THE JEWS. wi IIa
During the conversations I took the
liberty of asking the emperor.bis reasons
for having encouraged the Jews 80
much. He replied, “ f wanted to make
them leave off usury, and become: like
other men. - There were a greatsmany
Jews in the countries [reigned over; by
removing their disabilities, and) by put+
ting them upon an equality with Catlhio-
lics, Protestants,.and others, I hoped to
make them become good citizens, and
conduct themselves like) others of the
community. I believe that: I-should
have succeeded in the'end. .My reason-
ing with them was, that, as theirrabbins
explained to them, that they ought not
to practise usury to their own tribes, but
were allowed to do so with Christians
and others, that, therefore, as I had: re-
stored them to all their privileges, and
made them equal to my other: subjects,
they must consider me to be the head of
their natiep, like Solomon or Herod,
and my subjects as brethren of:aotribe _
similar to theirs... That, consequently,
they were, not permitted) to practise
usury with me or them, but to treatus as
if we were of the tribe of Judah. That,
having similar- privileges to. my other.
subjeets, they were, in like manner, ‘to
pay taxes, and submit. to the: laws: of
conscription’ and -others... By this, L
gained many soldiers. Besides, I-should
have drawn great wealth to Prance, as
the Jews are very numerous, and would
. have
O’ Meara’s Voice from St: Eelena.
have flocked to a country where they
enjoyed such superior privileges. More-
over; IT wanted (0 establish an universal
liberty of conscience. © My system ‘was
‘tothave no! predominant religion, but to
allow perfect liberty’ of conscicnee anid
‘of thought, to make allbmen equal, whe-
ther’ Protestants, Catholics, Mahome-
tans; Deists)or others ; so that their reli-
gion should have no influence in getting
them cemployments under government.
In fact, that it should neither be the
means of ‘serving ‘or of ‘injuring them ;
and that no. objection should be made to
a man’s ‘getting a situation on the score
of religion; provided he were fit for it in
other respects... Tmade every thing in-
dependent of religion. All the tribunals
were'so. ‘Marriages* were independent
ol the priests ;seven the burying-zrounds
wete ‘not left» at! their disposal, as they
could viot ‘refuse interment to the body
of any person, of whatsoever religion.
My intention was to render every thing
belonging to the state‘and the constita-
tion purely. civil and independent of any
religion. L‘wishedto deprive the priests
of all influence and power in civil affairs,
and toeblige them tovconfine themselves
totheir own spiritual matters, and. med-
dle with nothing else.”
st FREEMASONS.
oa asked some questions relative to the
freenrasons; and his opinions concerning
thenn» ** Acset of imbeciles who meet,
ai faire bonne chére, and perform some
ridiculous fooleries.. However,’ said
he, “they do'some goodactions. ‘They
assisted in the revolution, and latterly to
diminish thé power of the pope, and the
influence of the clergy. When the sen-
timents of a people are against the go-
verument, every society has a tendency
to. do: mischief to if”’ I then asked if
- the freemasons on the continent had any
connexion with the illuminati.» He re-
plied, «‘t No, that is ‘a‘society altogether
different, and'in Germany is of ‘a very
dangerous nature.” I asked if he-had
not encouraged the freemasons?’ He
said,‘ Rather so, as they fought against
the = :
vil CARNOT. ~
Phe: following is his dee orton of
Carnot. ‘Ay man laborious and sincere,
but liable tothe influence of ‘intrigues
andicasily deceived.» He had ‘directed
the operations of war, ‘without having
merited the eulogiums:which were pro-
nounced upon him, as he had neither
the experience nor the habitude of war.
When minister-of-war, he shewed but
little talent, and had many quarrels with
635
the ministéer-of-finance and the treasury ;
inall ‘of which he was wrong. He lelt
the ministry, convinced that he could not
fulfil his station for want of money. He
afterwards voted against the establish-
ment of the empire, but, as his conduct
was always upright, he never gave any
umbrage to tle government. © During
the prosperity of the empire, he never
asked for any thing; but after the mis-
fortunes in Russia, he demanded em-
ployment, and got the command of
Antwerp, where he acquitted himself
very well. After Napoleon’s return from
Elba, he was minister of the interior ;
and the emperor had every reason to be
satisfied with his conduct. He was
faithfal, a man of truth and probity, and
laborious in his exertions. After the
abdication, he was named one of the
provisional government, but he was joué
by the intriguers by whom he was sur-
rounded. He had passed for an original
amongst his companions when he was
young.. He hated the nobles, and ‘on
that account had several’ quarrels with
Robespierre, who latterly’ protected
many of them. He was member of the
committee of public safety along with
Robespierre, Couthon, St. Just, and the
other butchers, and was the only one
who was not denounced. He afterwards
demanded to be included in the denun-
ciation, and to be tried for his conduct,
as well as the others, which. was re-
fused ; but bis having made the demand
to share the fate of the rest, gained him
great credit.
BARRAS,
“ Barras,” he said, “was a ‘violent
man, aud possessed of little knowledge
or resolution $ 5 fickle, ‘and far froin
meriting the reputation which ‘he en-
joyed, though from the violetice’ of his
manner and Joudness ‘of: tone in’ the be-
ginning of his speeches, one Woutd have
thought otherwise.”
THE POLES,
I made a few remarks upon the Poles
who bad served in his army, who I ob-
served were greatly attached to his per-
sone SCANT? “replied “the emperor,
“they were much attached to me. ‘The
present viceroy of ‘Poland was with me
in my campaigns’ in Egypt. 1 made
hima general: “Most of my old Polish
guard are now employed through policy
by Alexander.” “Phey’ are a brave na-
tion, and muke ‘good ‘soldiers. Tn the
cold \whieh prevails’in the northern
countries® the Pole is better than the
Frenchwan.” 1 asked-him, if in Tess
rigorous climates'the Poles were as good
soldiers
636
soldiers\as the Freneh,, ‘Qh,).no,)no.
Iu other places the:-Frenchman, is much
superior. ‘The commandant of Dantzic
informed, me, that during|the severity of
the, winter, when the. thermometer sank
eighteen degrees, it, was impossible to
make the) French | soldiers keep » their
posts as sentinels, while the) Poles suf-
fered nothing... Poniatowsky,” conti-
nued he, ‘was a noble character, full of
-honour and bravery. It was my inten-
tion to. haye-made him King of Poland,
had I succeeded in Russia,”
THE RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN.
I asked to what he principally attri-
buted his failare of that expedition.
“To the cold, .the premature cold, and
the burning of. Moscow,”’ replied Na-
poleon. ‘Iwas afew days too late—I
had made a calculation of the weather for
filly years before, and the extreme cold
had never commenced until about the
20th of .December, twenty days later
than it began this time. While I was
at Moscow, the cold was at three of the
thermometer, and was such as the
Freneh could with pleasure bear ; but on
the march, the thermometer sunk eigh-
teen degrees, and consequently nearly all
the horses perished. In one night I lost
thirty thousand... ‘The artillery, of which
T had five hundred picees, was in a great
measure obliged to be abandoned; nei-
ther ammunition nor provisions could be
carried, We could not make a vécon-
naissanee, or send outian advance of men
on horseback, to, discover the way,
through the want of horses. ‘The soldiers
lost their spirits, fell into confusion, and
lost theirsenses. ‘The most trifling thine
alarmed them, Four or five men were
sufficient to frighten a whole battalion.
Instead of keeping together, they wan-
dered about in search of fire., Parties,
whensentout on duty in advance, aban-
doned their posts, and went to seck the
means of warming themselves in the
houses. They, separated’ in all direc-
tions, became, helpless, and fell anveasy
prey to the enemy. Others lay down,
fell asleep, a little blood came from their
nostrils, and, sleeping, they diced, In
ihis manner thousands perished.» ‘Lhe
Poles, saved) some of their horses ‘and
artillery, but, the E’rench; and the 'sol-
diers of the other nations Thad with me,
were no,longer the same meni | Inspar-
ticular, the cavalry suffered: Out, of
forty thousand, I do not think that three
thousand were saved... Had itinot, been
for that fire at Moscow, I should: have
succeeded. I would have wintered
there. There were in that city about
O? Meara’s Voice from St. Helena.
forty thousand citizens; who wene in a
manner slaves,. For you must) know
that the Russian nobility keep their vas-
sals in a sort-of> slavery. d!would: have
proclaimed jiberty,\to all the: slaves:in
Russia, andhabolished vassalageaind:no-
bility. » Phis «would || have »procturcd ne
ihe union ofan immense.anda: powerfal
party.) \T would, either have imddeca
peace at Moscow, or ‘else: P: would bavie
marched the) next yeamto Petersburgh.
Alexander was assured of it; andsént lis
diamonds, valuables, and |shipsitonMng-
land. Had»it not:been, for that fire I
should have succeeded imevery thing. 1
beat them two days before, in agreatiac-
tionat Moskwa;L attacked the Russian
army of two hubdrediand fifty thousand
strong, entrenched: upto dhein necks,
with ninety thonsand,-and» totally: de-
feated them. Seventy ‘thousand Rus-
sians lay upon the field..|'Phey had the
impudence to say that they» had gained
the battle, though twoodays after’ I
marched into: Moscow.!: J) was) in dhe
midst of a fine city, provisioned: for a
year, for in Russia they always lay in
provisions for several months before the
frost sets in. Stores.of all:kinds werein
plenty. The houses of -the ‘inhabitants
were well provided, and:many hhadveven
left their servants to attend upon ts,: In
most of them there was a note left.by the
proprietor, begging the French: olficers
who took possession to) take ‘cure:of
their furniture and other! things; that
they had left every. article necessary) for
our wants, and hoped:toreturnin a few
days, when the Emperor Alexander had
accommodated matters, at which time
they would be happy to'see us. Many
ladies remained bebind.»» They knew
that I had been in Berlin and Vienna
with my armies, and that no injury had
been done to the inhabitants; and, more
over, they expected aspecdy peace. We
were ip hopes of enjoying ourselves in
winter quarters, with every prospect of
success In the spring.
THE FIRE/AT MOSCOW.
Two days after our arrival, a fire was
discovered, which at first was not sup-
posed to bealarming, but to have been
caused by the soldiers kindling their fires
too near, the houses, which were chiefly
of woods) Dowas angry atthis, and issued
verysstrict orders on the subject to: the
»commandants/of regiments’ and others.
The next day it had advanced, but still
not)so as/to give sericus alarm. How-
ever, afraid that it might gain upon us, I
went out on horseback, and gave every
direction to extinguish it, ~The next
morning
O? Meara’s Voice from St. Helena,
morning’ a violent wind arose, and the
fireispread with othe greatest rapidity.
Some Hnnadred misereants, hired for that
purpose, ‘dispersed ‘themselves im «dif-
ferent parts ‘of othe town, and owith
matches; which they concealed: wider
their cloaks, set fireto’as many houses
toowind wardsas ‘they: could; which was
easily done; iniconsequence of the com-
bastible) materials cof which they were
ibuiitie:Dhis, together with the violence
of ithe bwind, ‘rendered «every effort ‘to
extinguish ‘the fire ineffectual. 1 my-
itself narrowly:-escaped) with life. In
lorder toy shew ianoexample, T ventured
intoothe midst 'of the flames, and had
imy ‘hair andoeye:brows:singed, and my
clothes’ burnt:off my back; bat it was
in yain,~as theyhadodestroyed most of
the pumps, of which there were above a
thousand sout of alk these, I believe
thats we could. only° find one: that was
serviceable; Besides, the wretches that
had been hired by Rostopchin, ran about
“in every quarter, disseminating fire with
their matches);) in which they were but
too much assisted by the wind. ‘This
terrible conflagration ruined every thing.
(was prepared forevery thing but this.
dt was unloreseea, for who would have
) thought thata nation would have set its
capital on fire?) The inhabitants them-
uselves, however, did all they could to
extinguish: it, and several of them pe-
lorished in:their endeavours. They also
isbrought before us numbers of the in-
cendiaries with their matches, as amidst
such a popolazzo we never could have
discovered them ourselves. I caused
about two hundred of these wretches to
be/shot., Had it mot been for this fatal
fire, L had every thing my army wanted ;
-excellent winter quarters; stores of all
kinds were in plenty ; and the next year
would. have decided it. ©» Alexander
would have made peace, or I would
hiave been in Petersburgh,” I asked if
he thought that he could entirely: sub-
due Russia. ‘ No,’ replied Napoleon ;
“but IT would bave caused: Russia to
»make such a peace as suited the in-
terests of I'rauce. 1 was five days too
late. in quitting Moscow.’ Several, of
the generals,” continued he, ‘were burnt
vout, of their, beds. I. myself: remained
in the Kremlin, until. surrounded, with
flames, The fire advanced, seized the
Chinese and India warehouses, and se-
veral stores: of oil (and) spirits, which
burst forth in flames and overwhelmed
every thing. I themretired toa country-
house of the Emperor) Alexander's,
distant about a Jeague from Moscow,
»so0?”
637
und you may figure {o yourself the in-
tensity of the fire, when ET tell you, that
you''could ‘scarcely bear your lauds
upon the walls or the windows on the
side ‘next to! Moscow, in’ consequence
of their heated’state... [i was the spec-
tacle of a sca and billows of fire, a sky
and’ clouds of flanie;* mountains of red
roiling flames; like immeuse waves of
the sea, alternately bursting forth and
elevating themselves to skies of fire, and
then sinking juto the occan of flame
below. Oh, it was the most grand, ‘the
most sublime, and the most terrific sight
the world ever beheld!
HIS RELIGION.
I observed, thatin England there were
different opinions about his fwith; that
some had latterly supposed him to be a
Roman Catholic. © ‘* £bbene,” replied
he. “Credo tutto quel che crede la
chiesa.” (E believe all that the church
believes.) ‘I used,” continued be, ‘* to
make the bishop of Nantes dispute with
the Pope frequently in my ‘presence.
He wanted to re-establish the monks.
My bishop used to tell him that the em-
peror had no objection to persons being
monks in their hearts, but that he ob-
jected io allowing any society of them
to exist publicly. The Pope wanted me
to confess, which I always evaded by
saying, ‘Holy father (santo padre), 1
am too much occupicd at present.
When I get older.’ I took a pleasure
in conversing with the Pope, who was a
good old man, ma testardo, (though
obstinate.)”
“There are so many different reli-
gions,” continued he, ‘ or modifications
of them, that it is difficult to know
which to choose. If one religion bad
existed from the beginning of the world,
I should think that to be the true one.
As it is, Tam of opinion that every per-
son ought to continue in the: religion in
which he was brought up; in that of bis
fathers. What are you?” ‘“ A protes-
tant,” I replied.“ Was) your father
I-said, “ Yes.” “Then conti-
nue in that belief.”
“Tn Fratice,”” continued he, “IT re-
ecived Catholics and Protestants alike
at my levee.’ [ paid’ their ministers
alike. DE gaveothe oProtestants a fine
ebureh at: Paris; which had formerly be-
jonged to the Jesuits. | In order to pre-
vent any religious ‘quarrels in places
where | there’ were both Catholic and
Protestant churches, I prohibited them
from tolling the bells to summon the
peuple to worship in their respective
churches, uiless the ministers of the
- one
638
one and the other, made)a specific re-
quest for permission o,do\so, and: stat-
ing that it was at the desire and request
of the members of each religion. | :Per-
mission was then given for a ‘year, and
if- atthe expiration-of that year the de-
mand. was not renewed by both parties
again, it;was noti.continued, By these
means, I prevented the squabbles which
had. previously existed, as the Catholic
priests found that they could not have
their own bells tolled, untess the Pro-
testants had a similar privilege.”
ANIMALS AND VEGETABLES.
“There is a link between animals and
the Deity. Man,” added he, ‘‘is merely
a more perfect animal than the rest.
He reasons better. But how do we
know that animals have not a language
of their own?) My opinion is, that itis
presumption in us to say no, because
we do not understand them, A> horse
has memory, knowledge, and love. He
knows his master from the servants,
though the latter, are more constantly
with him. I had a horse myself, who
knew me’ from any other person, and
manifested, by. capering and proudly
marching with bis head erect, when I
was on his back, his knowledge that he
Wore # person superior to the others by
whom he, was surrounded, Neither
would, he allow any other person to
monet him, except one groom, who econ-
stantly took care of him, and, when rode
by him, his» motions were far different,
and such asjseemed) to say that he was
conscious: he bore am inferior, When I
lost: my «way, I) was aceustomed to
throw ihe bridle down bis neck, and he
always; discovered it in places where I,
with all) my) observation, and | boasted
superior knowledge; could not. Who
ean deny thersagacity of dogs? . "There
isa} link between all animals. Plants
are! so, many animals - who. eat) and
drink, and) dhere are gradations np.to
man, Who) is, only; the: most, perfeet-of
them .all.,, ‘The same {spirit sanimates
them, allin a greater,ora lesser degree,?”
BLUCGHER,
“ Blacher,” said hess avery brave
soldier,” 22 -bon sabrewm; Ele is dikesa
buil who shuts his eyes; and, seeing, no
danger, rushes,en. oe oommitted sa
thousand faults; and, had it net been, for
eircumsiances,, T-couldsepeatedly, have
made him andjthe greatest part of, his;
army prisoners... Ele} is.stubborn and
indefatigable, afraid of nothing, and very
much attached to his country ; but, as.a
general, he, is, without talent... f recol-
lect, that, when I.was..in Prussia, he
O Meara’s Voice from Sts Helena.
dined at my. table: after he had surren-
dered, ant: he was then considered to be
an ordinary character’ busenod
DIFFERENT ‘SOLDIERS: \\)
I asked his» opinionorelative ‘to/ithe
comparative meritof the Russians; Pras-
sians, and Germans, Napoleon replied;
“\ Soldiers: change, ) sometimes iibrave;
sometimes laches, » Lhave'seen the Rus:
sians (at; Bylau perform:prodigies of vas
lour:they’ were so many heroes! vAt
Moscow, cntrénched up to their necks,
they allowed me to beat: two: hundréd
and fifty thousand men withminety thou-
sand. At dena, and.at other battlés in
that campaign, the, Prussiansofled like
sheep; since:that time they have fought
bravely. . My opiniontis, that mew, the
Prussian soldier is superior to sthe Anss
trian. ‘The French cuirassiers were the
best cavalry. in the world, pour enfoncer
Cinfanterie... Individually, theres isone
horseman:superior, or) perhaps equal,:to
the Mameluke ;, but they cannotsact: in
a bony As partizans, the! Cossacs ex
cel, and the Poles.as lancers.?0:'Dhis he
said in reply to a question made iby me
of his opinion relative:to ithe cavalry.
I asked who he thought! wasi thé best
general amongst the Austrians.“ Prince
Charles,” he ‘replied, ‘* though heedas
committed a thousand faults.))As; to
Schwartzenberg, he is not fit: to; com~
mand six thousand men.” i ettil
. 0 MURAT.
“ Those Neapolitans,” conical shes
“are the most vile canagtiein the world,
Murat ruined: me by advancing against
the Austrians. with ‘theni... When, old
Ferdinand. heard of .it, helaughed, and)
said, in his jargon, that.they would serve
Murat as they had done shim, before;,
when Championct. dispersed alundred
thousand of them like so. many sheep,
with ten thousand Frenchmen; »E had
forbidden Murat to act; as, after D ve-
turned: from: Elba, there was'an under-
standiag between the Emperor of Aus-
triajand me, that, if [igave himup Italy,
hei would not join the coalition against
me. "This J, had: promised, and would
haye| fulfilled it;, but, that dmbécile, \in
spite,of-the direction Thad giyen him-to
remain, quict; advanced with his rabble
into btaly, where. he was blown away like.
a-puff., Lhe Emperor of Austria seeing:
this, concluded. direcily. that, itsvas by”
my orders, and) that.1 deceived shim;
and being-eunscious that be had} ‘betray
ed me himself before, be supposed) that
I did not intend to keep faith with him,
and determined to, endeavour to crush
me) with all) his. forces. -Lwiee Miurat
betrayed
O’Meara’s Voice from St.\Helena.
betrayed and ruined me.«’ Before, when
he forsook me,. joitied: the: allies with
sixty thousand men) \and obliged ‘me to
leave thirty thousand in Italy, when I
wanted them*sovmuch elséewheres At
that time, hisiarmy! was wellcofficered by
French, « Had it not been for this. rash
step of -Murat’s;: thes Russians would
have retreated; vas their intentions were
not to have ladvanced; if Austria did not
jin thecoalition; so that you would
have been ‘left to yourselves, and have
gladly: made a peace.”
-UoU) ¥) PEACE WITH! ENGLAND.
Heobserved that he had always been
willing toomake'a peace with England.
“Suet your ministers! say? what they
like,”\said he, “ Lo was always ready to
makeva peace. At’ the time that Fox
died; there was every prospect of effect-
ing:one. Ff Lord Lauderdale had been
sincere »at first, it would also have been
concluded: “Before the campaign in
Prussia; I caused’ it’ to be signified to
him,that he had better get bis country-
mew to make peace, as I would be mas-
ter of Prussia in two months; for this
reason, that although Russia and Prussia
united might be able to oppose me, yet
that Prussia alone could not. That the
Russians were three months’ march dis-
tant; and that, as Phad intelligence that
their plan’ of campaign was io defend
Berlin, instead -of retiring, in order to
obtain the support of the Russians, I
would°destroy their army, and take Ber-
lin before’ the-Russians came up, who
alone-I would easily defeat afterwards.
T therefore advised him to take advan-
tage of my offer of peace, before Prussia,
whowas your best friend on the conti-
nent, was destroyed. After this com-
munication, I believe that Lord Lau-
derdale was sincere, and that he wrote
to your ministers recommending peace:
bet they would not agree to it, thinking
that the King of Prussia was at the head
of a hundred thousand men; that I
might be defeated, and that’ a defeat
would be my ruin. This was possible.
A Wattle sometimes decides every thing;
and sometimes the most trifling thing
decides the fate ofa battle. The event,
however, proved that Twas right, ‘as,
after Jena, Prussia was mine. After
‘Tilsit and’ at Erfurth,” continued ‘he;
“a letter containing proposals of peace
to England, and signed by the Emperor
Alexander and myself, was'sent to your
ministers, but they would not accept of
them.”
SPAIN.
In answer to a remark of mine, that
639
the invasion of Spain had been a mea-
sure very desttuctive to him, he replied,
‘©Tfothe government I established had
remained, it would have been the best
thing that ever liappened for Spain. I
would’ have regenerated the Spaniards ;
Iwould have made them a great nation.
Instead of a feeble; imbecile, and super-
stitious race of Bourbons, Tf would have
given them a new dynasty, ‘that would
have no claim on the nation; except by
the good it would have rendered unto it.
For an hereditary race’ of asses, they
would have had a monarch, with ability
to revive the nation, sunk under the yoke
of superstition and ignorance. Perhaps
if is better for France that [ did not suc-
ceed, as Spain would have beena formi-
dable rival. I would have destroyed
superstition and priestcraft, and abolish-
ed the inquisition and the monasteries
of those lazy bestie di frati. IT would at
least have rendered the priests harmless.
The guerillas, who fought so‘bravely
against me, now lament their’ success.
When I was Jast in Paris, I had letters
from Mina, and many other leaders of
the guerillas, craving assistance ‘to ex-
pel their frear from the throne.”
TALLEYRAND.
On asking his opinion of Talleyrand,
“ Talleyrand,” said he, “ le plus vil des
agioteurs, bas flatteur. Cest un homme
corrompu, who has betrayed .all parties
and persons. Wary and circumspect;
always a traitor, but always in conspi-
racy with fortune, Talleyrand treats his
enemies as if they were one°day to be-
come his friends ; and his friends,’ as: if
they were to become his enemies.» He
isa man of talent, but venal in every
thing. Nothing could be done with him
but by means of bribery. ‘Phe kings of
Wirtemberg and Bavariamade’so many
complaints of his rapacity and extortion,
that I took his portfeuille: from him:
moreover I found that he had divulged,
to some tntriganis, a most important se-
cret which T had confided to him alone,
He’ hates the Bourbons! in ‘his heart.
When I returned from Elba, Talleyrand
wrote to me fron’ Vienna, offering his
services, and to betray the Bourbons,
provided I would’ pardon ‘and restore
him to favour. He atgued upon a part
of my proclamation; in which I said
there were circumstances which it was
impossible to rasist, which he quoted.
But IT considered that there were a
few 1 was ‘obliged to except, and re-
fused, as it would have excited indigna-
tion if I had not punished somebody.”
I asked ifit were true that heii or
a
640
had advised him to dethrone the King of
Spain, and mentioned that the Duke of
Royvigo had told me that Tatleyrand had
said) in his presenec, “ Your majesty
will never bo! secure upon your throne,
while a Bourbon is seated upon one.”
ile replied, ** True, he advised me to do
every thing) which would injare | the
Bourbons, whom he dctests.”
HIS WOUNDS.
Napoleon shewed me the marks of
1wo wounds: one a very deep cicatrice
above the left knee, which he said he
had received in his’ first campaign of
Ttaly, and was of so. serious a nature,
that the surgeons were in doubt whether
it might not be ulfimately necessary to
amputate. Fle observed, that when he
was wounded, it was always kept a se-
evet, in order not to discourage the sol-
dicrs. The other was on the toc, and
had been received at Eckmuhl. “At
the siege of Acre,” continued he, ‘a
shell, thrown by Sidney Smith, fell at.my
fect. ‘Two soldiers, who were close by,
seized, andclosely embraced me, one in
front and the other on one side, and
made a rampart of their bodies for me,
against the effect of the shell, which ex-
ploded, and overwhelmed us with sand.
We sunk info the hole formed by its
bursting; one of them was wounded.
I made them both officers. One. has
since lost a leg at Moscow, and com-
manded at Vinecnnes when Tf left Paris.
When he was summoned by the Rus-
sians, he replied, that, as soon as they
sent him baek the leg he had lost at
Moscow, he would surrender the for-
tress. Many times in my life,” conti-
nuecdhe, “have I hbeen saved by soldiers
and officers throwing themselves before
me when I was in the most imminent
danger. At Arcola, when I was ad-
vaneing, Colonel Meuron, my aid-de-
camp, threw himself before me, covered
me wilh his body, «ad reeeived the
wound which was destined for me, Ie
foll at my feet, and Lis blood spouted up
in my face. He gave bis life to preserve
mine. Never yet, believe, has there
been such devotion shewn by soldiers as
mine have manifested for me. In all
my misfortunes, never has the’ soldier,
even when expiring, been wanting to
me—never bas man been served more
faithfully by his troops. With the last
drop of blood: gushing out of their veins,
they exclaimed, Vive ? Empereur !”°
DUROC,
' Mentioned to the emperor that I had
been informed he had saved Maréchal
Duroc’s life, when seized and condema-
3
O’ Meara's Voice from St. Helena.
ed to death as an emigrant, duting \ lis
first campaigtis in Italy; which was as-
serted) to: have: been: the eause\of the
great attachment subsequently displayed
by Duroc to him) until thechour vot his:
death, ‘Napoleon looked ‘surprised, and
replied, ‘* No suck thing—who; toltl you
that tale?” LD said, that f had heand the
Marquis Montchenw-repeatitat aypubhic:
dinver. “ There is motva, word of :trathy
in it,” replied Napoleoni» 4 Idook Da-
roc out of the artillery: train, when he
was a boy, and proteeied himyuntil his
death. -Bat-I suppose Montchenu said
this, because Duree was ofan eld) fa-
mily, which in that: booby’s, eyes is the
only source of merit. die despisesevery
body who has not as many jhundred
years of nobility to boast,of,as- himself.
It was such as Montchenu who were
the chief cause of the revolution, . Be-
fore it, sacha man-as. Bertrand, who is,
worth an army of Montehenus,, could
not even: be a. sous-lieutenant, while
vieils enfants like him would begenerals,
God help,” continued he, ‘the nation
that is governed by suelsIn my time,
most. of the generals, of whoseodeéds
France is so prond, sprang from dhak
very class of plebeians so much despised
by him.” sate $F Ie
COUNT BLACAS, » sh ovhai
“ When in Paris, after my return foom
Elba, I found in M. Blacas’s private pa
pers, which he left behind when heoran
away from the Tuilleries, aletter which
had been written in Elba by one of my
sister Pauntine’s. chamber-maids, .,and,
appeared to have been. composed in aw
moment of anger.. Pauline is very hand-
some and graecfinl.. There was, a de-
scription of her habits, of her dress, her
wardrobe, and of every thing that. she
liked; of how fond I was of contribut-
ing to her happiness; and that I had
superintended the furnishing of her bow-
doir myself; what an extraordinary man
I was; that one night I had burnt, my
finger dreadfully, and had merely poured
a bottle of ink over if without, appearing
to regard the pain,’ and many, little
bétises, true enough perhaps. ‘This lef-
ter M. Blaeas had got interpolated with
horrid stories; in fact, insinuating: that
L slept with my sister; and.in the mar-
vin, in the hand-writing of the interpo-
lator, was written—to be printed.”
ENGLAND, ah:
He then spoke about thedistress pre-
vailing in England, and said, that it was
caused by the abuses of the ‘ministry.
“ You have done wonders,” said he;
“ you have effected impossibilities, I
4 may
A Voice from St. Helena,
may say; but J think that England, en-
ecumbered with a national: debt; whieh
will take forty years of peace and com-
meree to pay off, may be:compared to, a,
man who has: drunk large quantities of
brandy to give him courageand strength;
but afterwards, weakened by the stimu-
has! which had imparted: energy, for the
moment, he totters:and finally falls; his
pewers entirely exhausted by the unna-
tural means used to excite them.”
1 BANA PRUSSIA.
“ PT gave Hanover to the Prussians,”
continued lie, ‘f on purpose to embroil
them with you, produce a war, and shut
you out from the continent. The King
of Prassia was blockhead enough to be-
Neve that he could keep Hanover, and
still-remain at’ peace with you. He
made war upon me afterwards, like a
madman, indaced by the queen and
prince Louis, with some other young
men, who persuaded him that Prussia
was strong enough, even without Russia.
A’ few weeks convinced him of the con-
trary.”
DIFFERENT SOVEREIGNS.
'Heenlogized theking of Saxony, who
he said wasa truly good man; the king
of Bavaria, a plain good man; the king
of Wirtemberg, a man of considerable
talent, but unprincipled and wicked.
“* Alexander and the Jatter,” said he,
‘*are the only sovereigns in Europe pos-
sessed of talents.”
JOSEPH BONAPARTE.
Napoleon conversed about his brother
Joseph, whom he described as being a
most excellent character. ‘ His vir-
tues and talents are those of a private
character; and for such, nature intended
him: he is too good to be a great man.
He has no ambition. He is very like
mé in person, but handsomer. He is
extremely well informed, but his learn-
ing is not that which is fitted for a king;
nor is he capable of commanding an
army.”
id MOREAU.
“Moreau,” said he,“ was an excel-
lent general of division, but not. fit to
command a large army.” '
" ). DESAIX AND KLEBER. y
Of all the generals Lever had unde
me, Desaix and Kleber possessed the
greatest talents; especially Desaix, as
Kleber only loved glory,inasmuch as it
was the means of procuring him riches
‘and pleasures; whereas Desaix loved
‘glory for itself, and despised every thing
else. Desaix was wholly wrapt up in
war and glory. ‘To him riches and plea-
sure were valueless, nor did he giye them
Montuc_y Mas. No, 370,
‘superior talent.
641
a moment's thought... He was. a little
black-looking man, about an.inch shorter
than Lam, always badly dressed, some-
times, even sagged, and. despising com-
fort or, convenience. ,, When in Egypt,
I made him a) present of a complete
field-equipage several, times, but he al-
ways lostit. Wrapt.upin a cloak, De-
saix threw himself under a gun, and
slept as contenitedly, as if he were ina
palace. For him luxury had no charms.
Upright and honest in all his proceed-
ings, he was called by the Arabs, the
just sultan, He wasintended by nature
for a great general... Kleber and Desaix
were a lossirreparable to France. Had
Kleber lived, your army in Egypt would
have perished. Had that imbecile Me-
nou attacked you on your landing with
twenty thousand men, as he might have
done, instead of the division Lanusse,
your army would have been only a meal
forthem. Your army was seventeen or
eighteen thousand strong, without ca-
valry.” Asked him if it were true that
Desaix had, a little before his death,
sent a message of the following’ purport
to him. ‘‘ Tell the first consul, that I
regret dying before I have done suffici-
ent to make my name known to poste-
rity.” Napoleon replied, ‘ it was true,”
and accompanied it with some warm
eulogiums on Desaix.
LASNES.
“ Lasnes, when [ first took him by
the hand, was am ignorantaccio., His
education had been much» neglected.
However, he improved greatly; and to
judge from the astonishing progress he
made, he would have been a general of
the first class. He had great experi-
encein war. He had been in fifty-four
pitched battles, and in three hundred
combats of different:kinds. He was a
man of uncommon bravery; cool.in the
midst of fire; and possessed of a clear,
penetrating eye, ready to take advantage
. of any opportunity which might present.
iiself. . Violent and hasty in his expres-
sions, sometimes even in my présence,
he wasardently attached to me. In the
midst of his anger he would not suffer
any person to join him in bis remarks.
On that account, when be was in a cho-
leric mood, it-was dangerous to speak to
him, as he used to.come.to me in his
rage, and say, that such and such per-
sons were not to be trusted." As a gene-
ral, he was greatly superior to Moreau,
or to Soult.”
#4 MASSENA,
* Massena,” said he, “ was a man of
He generally, how-
ever,
642
ever, made bad dispositions previdus to
a battle ;: and it was mot until the dead
began to fallabout him, that he began
to act, with that judgment! which. he
ought to bave displayed before: In the
midst of the dying and the dead, of balls
swecping. away those who.encircled him,
then Massena. was bimsclf; gave his
orders, and, made his dispositions with
the greatest sung froid and judgment.
This is trae nobleness of blood, | It was
truly said of Massena, that he never be-
gan to act with judgment until the bat-
tle was going against him. He was,
however, un voleur, He went halves
along with the contractors and ecommis-
saries of the army. I signified to him
often, that if he would discontinue his
peculations, I would make hima present
of eight hundred: thousand, or a million
of franes; but le had acquired such a
habit, that he could not keep his hands
from money. On this account he was
hated ,by. the soldiers, who mutinied
against him three or four times. How-
ever, considering the circumstances of
the times, he was preciows ; and had not
his bright parts been soiled with the vice
of avarice, he would bave been a great
man.”
PICHEGRU.
“ Pichegru,” continued Napoleon,
“ was répétiteur at Brienne, and in-
structed me in mathematics, when I was
about ten years old. _He possessed con-
siderable knowledge in that science.
“Asa general, Pichegru was a man of no
ordinary talent, far superior to Moreau,
although he had never done any thing
extraordinarily great, as the success of
the campaigns in Holland was in a great
measure owing to the battle of Fleurus.
Pichegru, after he had united bimsclf to
the Bourbons, sacrificed the lives of up-
wards of twenty thousand ofhis soldiers,
by throwing them. purposely into the
enemy’s hands, whom he had informed
before hand of bis intentions.”
ALEXANDER.
Asked his opinion of the, Emperor
Alexander, “ C'est un. homme, extréme-
ment faux. Un Gree du bas empire,”
replied Napoleon. _‘‘ He is the only one
of the three,* who has any talent, He
is plausible, a great dissimulator,, very
ambitious, and a man who studies to
make himself popular, It is his foible
to believe himself skilled in the art, of
war, and he likes nothing so well as to
be complimented upon it, though every
thing that originated with himself rela-
* Alexander, Fraticis, and the king of
Prussia.
A Voice from St. Helena.
tive to | military | operations,. was) ill-
judged jandabsurd.|| At Tilsit, :Alexan-
dervand the Kibg of Prassianused: fre-
quentlyto, oceupy themselves, in) con-
triving dresses.for dragoons ; debating
upon’ What button de cresses.of the wer-
ders ought to, be hubg; andy such other
fooleries. «They fancied themselyes\.on
an equality, withthe best .generalsoin
Europe, because they knew, bow) many.
rows of buttons there wereupon a dra-
goon’s jacket.» I-could, seatcely. keep
from Jaughivg sometimes, whend)heard
them. discussing these) coplonerieowilb
as much gravity and earnestness as, if
ihey were planning an impending action
between’ two | hundred) thousand men.
However, 1 encouraged, them in, their
arguments, as L saw/it|was, their weak
point. We rode out) every; day toge-
ther, "Phe king of Prassia was un béte,
ct nous a tellement ennuyé;, that Alexan-
der and myself frequently galloped away
in order to.get rid of him.” on
HIS RISEoIN EIRESorg orig
Napoleon afterwards, recounted tome
some part of his early lifes:said, jthat
after having been at school, at Brienne,
he was sent to Paris, at; the) age) off fil-
teen or sixteen ; ‘‘ where; at the;general
examination,” continued » he,c)*, being
found to have given the-best answers,;in
mathematics, 1 was appointed to the ax-
tillery. After the revolution, abautjone-
third of the artillery officers emigrated,
and I became ehef de bataillow, at; Abe
siege of Toulon; having been proposed
by the artillery officers themselves ,as
the person who, amongst them, possess-
ed the most knowledge) of ihe scienee.
During the siege, 1 commanded,the ar-
tillery, directed the, operations against
the town, and took O'Hara prisoner, as
I formerly told you. After, the siege,
was made commandant of the artillery
of the, army. of, Italy, and, my , plans
caused. the capture. of .many, considera-
ble fortresses'iin Switzerland. and Italy.
On my return to Paris, 1 was made ge-
neral, and the command of the,army in
La Vendée. offered to me, which I re-
fused, and replied that such a command
was onlyfit for a genera] of gendarmerie.
On ‘the 13th of Vendemiaire;, I com-
manded,, the, army of the conyention in
Paris-against,the sections, whem I de-
feated, aficr an action.of a few. minutes.
Subsequently L got the command of the
army of Italy, where L established, my
yeputation,. Nothing,” continued he,
“has been:more simple than my, eleva-
tion. It was not the result of intrigue
or crime, » It. was owing to the peculiar
' circumstances
A Voice from St. Helena.
circumstances of the times, and because
Efonght. successfully against: the ene-
mies of my country, »Whatits ‘most iex-
traordinary, and I believe: unparalleled
inilastory, is; that Lxose from being a
private person; to the astonishing: height
of power E possessed, without having com-
mitted a‘single erime to obtain it. If I
were on’ my death-bed, I could make the
same declaration,”
ol) © (CPHEOREVOCLUTIONISTS.
‘Heard him express some sentiments
afterwards relative to afew of the cha-
acters ‘who had figured in the revolu-
‘tion. ** Robespierre,” said he, ‘ thongha
blood-thirsty monster ‘was not so bad as
Collot'd’ Herbois; Billaud de Varennes,
Hebert, ‘Fouquier:Tinville, and many
others: > Latterly Rubespierre wished to
be more moderate; and actually, some
time before his death, said that he was
tired of executions, and suggested mo-
deration.»| When Hebert accused the
queen de contrarier la nature, Robes-
pierre proposed that he should be de-
nouticed,'as having made such an im-
probable aceusation purposely to excite
ai'sympathy amongst the people, in
order that they might rise and rescue her.
‘From-the beginning of the revolution,
Douis had constantly the life of Charles
“the Pirst before his eyes. ‘The example
of Charles, who had come to extremities
with ‘the‘parliament, and lost his head,
prevented Louis on many occasions
f¥6m6 nmakine the defence which ‘he
“ougiit to ‘have done against the revola-
tionists.°° When brought to trial, he
ought morely to have said, that by the
laws he could dono wrong, and that his
‘person Was sacred. The queen ought to
have done the same. It would have had
no effect in saving their lives; bat they
would have died with’ more dignity.
Robespierre was of opinion that the king
ought to have been dispatched privately.
* What is the use,’ said Robespierre, of
this mockery of forms, when you go to
the trial prepared to condemn him to
death, whether he deserves it or ‘not!’
‘The queen,” added Napoleon, * went to
the scaffold with some sensations of joy;
anid truly it must have been a relief to
her to depart from a litle in whieh she
was treated with such execrable barbia-
rity. Had 4,” continued he,“ been
four or five years older, Phave'no doubt
that I should have'been guillolined along
With nuinbers of others.”
ENGLAND AND 118 POLICY.
Dee, 8th. —Conversed at length about
the situation of Etetand; which he im-
puted entirely to the imbeeility of Lord
643
Castlereagh.’ “If,” said he, “ your
ministers liad paid attention to the in-
térests of the country, instead of ‘in-
triguing, they would have rendered you
the most happy and the most flourishing
nation in the world. At the conclusion
of the war, they should have said to the
Spanish and Portuguese governments,
‘we have saved your country, we alone
have supported you, and prevented you
from falling a prey to France. We
have made many campaigns, and shed
our best blood in your cause. We have
expended many millions of money, and
consequently the country is overbur-
dened with debt on your account, which
we must pay. You have the means of
repaying us. Our situation requires
that we should liquidate our debts,
We demand, therefore, that we shall be
the only nation allowed to trade with
South America for twenty years; and
that our ships shall have the same privi-
lege as Spanish vessels. In this way
we will reimburse ourselves, without
distressing you.’ Who,” continued he,
“could say no to this? France is now
nothing. Besides, to tell the’ truth, it
would be only a just demand, and none
of the allied powers could deny your
right to exact it; for it was through you
alone, and the energy which you dis-
played, that both Spain and Portugal
did not fall. As it now is, France will
soon have the trade of the’ Brazils; as
you have in your own colonies’ more
cotton and sugar than you want, and
consequently will not take the produe-
tions of the Brazils in exchange for your
merchandize. ‘Now tlie French will; as
Martinique cannot supply a‘ qitantity
sufficient for the consumption of France.
They will exchange their manufaétured
coods, silks, furniture, wines, &e. against
the colonial produce, and’ soon have the
whole trade of the Brazils.” Tn’ like
matiner they will have the preferenée th
trading with the Spanish colonies 5 partly
on account of the religion, and also be-
eause the Spaniards, fike other tations,
are’ jealous of a'people all-powerful at
sea, dnd will constantly assist 10 lessen
that power; which is most effectially to
be dure py Lesseving your commerce,
Your ministers’ have had false idcas of
things.’ "Mey imagined that they could
inundate the coritivent with your mer-
chatidize, And find a’ teady sale. No,
no: the world is How more illuminated.
Even the Rassias will ‘say, * why
should we carich this tation, to cnable
her to keep up a monopoly and tyranny
of the seas, while our own manulacturers
are
644
are numerous aud skilful,’ “You will,”
continued be, “ find that in a few years
very little English merchandize will be
sold on the continent. I gave a new
era -to_ mannfactories. "The Wrench
already excel you in the manufactory of
cloths. and, many other articles. “The
Hollanders, in cambric and linen. T
formed several thousand.. I established
the Ecole Polytechnique, from which bun-
dreds of able chemists went to the differ-
eht matiufactories.. In each of them, f
caused a person well skilled in chemistry
to reside. In consequence, every thing
proceeded upon certain and established
principles ; and they had a reason to give
for every part of their operations, in-
stead of the old vague and uncertain
mode. Timesare changed,” continued
Napoleon, “and you must no longer
jook to the continent for the disposal of
your mannfactures. America, the Spa-
nish and Portuguese main, are the only
yent for them. Recollect what I say to
you. Ina year or two your people will
complain, and ‘say, ‘ we have gained
every thing, but we are starving ; we are
worse than we were ‘during the war,’
England has played for all or for no-
thing, (ha eitocato per tutto o per niente ),
She has gained all, effected impossibill-
ties, yet has nothing; and her people are
starving, and worse than they were dur-
ing the midst of tle war; while France,
who has lost every thing, is doing well,
and the ‘wants of her people are abun-
dantly ‘supplied. France has got fat,
notwithstanding the liberal bleedings
which she ‘has had; while England is
ikea ian who bas bad a false momen-
tary strength given to him by intoxi-
cating liquors, but who, after their effect,
‘sinks into a state of debility.”
Jt SIR, THOMAS READE.
Saw Sir' Thomas Reade, to, whom, I
mentioted Napoléon’s answer relative to
the intenview; whith the governor, was
desivous) «to, obtain, for, Sir, Thomas
Strangei-> Sir)'Thomas, replied, “Jf, 1
were governoty Vi bed——d if L,would
not make him feel,thathe,was a prisoner.”
Tobserved, ““ Why, youscannot do mueh
more) to, him than you) have jalready
done, unless; youo:put;, him, dn, irons:”
« Ob,’ answered Reade, \“ ifhe didjpot
comply) with what d,.wanted; ll be
d—d if DT wouldn*t;take his,,beeks
from bim,| which Pljadyise the governor
to do.) He: is),a,d——-d, outlaw, jand.a
prisoner, and the governor has a right to
treat him with as much severity as,he |
likes, and nubody has any business to in-
A Voice from St. Helena.
tetfere With him in the execution of his
ay eas se re eR CARES: 9
‘PROSPECTS OF FRANCE. ”
1990
m=
possible, that twenty-nine millions, of
Frenchmen, ean live contented und the
hem
ikl
DEATH OFOMOREAUs oi) Sis:
“In the battle before Dresden,”''said
Napoleon, “I ordere@an*attack tobe
made upon the alliés by botl flanks of
my army. While the matoeuvres! for
this purpose were executing; the centre
yemained motionless,” At the distance of
about from this t6 the ouler gate, (about
500 yards,) I observed a group'of' per-
sons collected together on “horseback.
Concluding that they were endeavouring
to observe my manocetivres, T resolved ‘to
disturb them, and called’to a captain of
artillery, Who commanded a’ field -bat-
tery of veighteen or twenty’ ‘pieces :
‘throw! a'Uozen of bullets °at once into
that group’; perbaps there’ ate some litte
‘general itv it. ‘Et was done instantly.
One of tiie balls sivynck’ Moreau, catried
of Vdth ‘his legs, and went through his
‘horses! Many more, T believe; who'were
inédt Hin, wéete killed uid wounded) A
opvement before. Alexander shad” been
speaking’ to hin, “Moreau’s ‘legs! ‘were
amputated ‘not farrom the*spety “One
VOrhis fect; with the boot upon it, which
4{he'su¥geon had thrown upon the ground,
iB Fi Si : ;
* One of the commissioners.
was
A Voice from St. Helena.
was brought by a peasant to the king
of Saxony, with information that some
officer of. great. distinction had been
struck by a cannon shot. The king,
conéeiving that the name of the’ person
miet perhaps be ‘discovered’ by the
boot, sent it to'me. It was exainined
at my head quarters, but all that could
be ascertained was, that the boot was
neitlier of English nor of French manu-
facture.’ The next day we were in-
formed ‘that it Was ‘the leg of Moreau,
It is nota little extraordinary,” continu-
a Napoleon, “that inan' action a short
time afterwards, TDordéréd the same ar-
tillery officer, with the°-same guus, and
under, nearly simifar circumstances, to
throw eighteen or twenty bullets at once
into a Concourse. of officers collected
together, by ‘wltich General St. Priest,
another Frenchman, a traitor and a man
of faleni,“who had a command in the
Rassian army, was killed, along with
many others. Nothing,” continued the
‘emperor, ‘‘is more destructive than a
discharge of a dozen or more guns at
‘nee ‘amongst’ a group of persons.
‘From one or two 'they may escape ; but
froma number discharged at a time, it
is almost impossible.”
_... ‘AIS PROSPECT OF DEATH.
: “Dee. 14.— Napoleon very unwell.
‘Hall’ pissed a very bad night. Found
‘him in bed at eleven, p.m. ‘‘ Doctor,”
said he, “I dhad’a nervous attack last
night, which kept me continually un-
easy and) restless; with a severe head-
»ach;,andiinvoluntary agitations. I was
»Without.sense for a few moments. I
yerily thouglit and hoped, that a more
violent. attack would have taken place,
which would have carried me off before
morning, 1 seemed as if a fit of apo-
plexy was coming on. | I felt a heavi-
ness and giddiness of my head, (as if it
were overloaded wiih, blood,) with a de-
) sive to.put myself in an upright posture.
I felt a heat in, my head, and called to
those about me to pour some. cold water
over it; which they:did not. comprehend
for! some time. Afterwards, the. water
felt. hot, andI thought it smelt. of, sul-
‘phur, though: iu reality it .was, cold,”
_ At) this, time he was in, a free perspira-
ytion, which I) recommended: him to, en-
‘courage, and his head-ach was much
diminished, |, After I had recommended
every thing I thought necessary or ad-
visable, he replied, “ One | would, live
too long.” He, afterwards spoke about
funeral rites, and, added, that when he
died, he would wish that his body might
t
Df
645
be, burned. “It is the best mode,”
said he, ‘fas then the corpse does not
produce any inconvenience; and as to
the resurrection, that must be accom-
plished by a miracle, and it is easy to
the Being who has it in bis power to
perform such a miracle as bringing the
remains of the bodies together, to also
form again the ashes of the dead.”
I mentioned to his exceNency, the
fit of syncope with which, Napoleon had
been attacked: “‘It would be lucky,”
replicd Sir Hudson Lowe, “if he went
off some of those nights in a fit of the
kind.” I observed, that I thought it
very probable that he would be attacked
with a fit of apoplexy, which would
finish him, and that, continuing to lead
his present mode of life, it was impos~
sible he could remain in health. Sir
Hudson asked, what could induce him
to take exercise? I replied, to mode-
rate the restrictions, and to remove
some of which he complained so much.
Sir Hudson Lowe made some obser-
vations about the danger of allowing a
man to get loose who had done such
mischief already.
HIS REPINING.
“What a fool I was to give myself
up to you,” continued he; ‘I hada
mistaken notion of your national cha-
racter; I had formed a romantic idea
of the English. There entered into it
also a portion of pride. I disdained to
give myself up to, wny_of those, soye-
reigns whose countries I had conquered,
and whose capitals L had entered in tri-
umph; and I determined to confide in
you, whom I had never vanquished.
Doctor, Tam well punished for the good
opinion I had of you, and for the con-
fidence which [ reposed in you, instead
of giving myself up to my father-in-law,
or to the emperor Alexander, either of
whom would have treated me with’ the
greatest’ respect?’ 1 observed, that it
Was possible that Alexander might have
sént him'to Siberia; ** Not’at: all,” re-
plied Napoleon; setting: aside: other
Mmi0tives, Alexander ‘would; through po-
liey,) and from the desire which he’ has
‘to make chimself popular, have’ treated -
mé"like’‘a king, and fF should have
hid palaves’ at'‘command. "Besides,
Alexander is° a ogenerous’\man, and
would have taken a'pleasnre in treating
me well; and my father-in-law, though
he is an imbecile, is’ still’a religious man,
and in¢apable of committing crimes, or
“pes acts ‘of cruclty as are practised
nere.” , dade
CHRONICLES
646
CHRONICLES,.OF ERI;)))
belug the .
HISTORY OF THE! GAAL'SCIOT IBER?
see eitsttt
THE IRISH PEOPLE;
Translated from the original Manuscripts in the
Phoenician Dialect of the Seyihiau Language.
sa By O'CONNOR.
2 Vols... Price 27s. demy, and 35s, royal.
- : : Ss,
[Mr. O’Connor’s work must be regarded
as one of the most original and extraor-
dinary which the printing-press ever
brought before the world, Its early
chapters were written in the age of Mo-
ses, and it records events coeval with
the entire book of Genesis; while it
illustrates and explains the real nature
of many of the events, which a love of
the marvellous and mis-translations have
converted into miracles. It then conti-
nues the history of the Gaal Sciot Iber,
through above athousand years, by au-
thoritative eye-witnesses of the events
recorded; ive. through the entire period
of Grecian and early Roman history ;
but without any reference to those peo-
ple who mingled not with the Gaal Seiot
Ther. Nor is it a mere dry history, but
it is intermingled with episodes like Ge-
nesis, aud with poctical sentiments like
Ossian. To the whole, Mr. O’Connor
has prefixed full and very elaborate dis-
sertations in proof of the authenticity of
the woik, (of which, however, internal
evidences sufficient proof,) and in illus-
tyation of the history of the nations
which preceded the Greeks and Ro-
manus. In this task he bas acquitted
himself with a degree of talent and ern-
dition, equal to the grandeur of his ob-
ject, though not unmixed with p rejudices
of his own,
mark, as an answer to siperficial or val-
gar flippaacy, that these MSS. have no
relation whatever to the fables which
the monks have imposed on the world
asvearly Trish history ;| but are directly
opposed to them, as well in'substance as
in pretensionand character.| Nor must
the author be, confounded with his
younger brother, General Anthir O’Cen-
nor, whose political tergiversations have
created so much, animadyersion, ,and
whose relationship with Marshal Grou-
chy will furnish a clue to historians, of
our tines, relative to the true character
of the “ sloriés” of the day of Waterlod.
leis, as he states, te head of llié races ote
who never comproniised bis prineiples,
though his life has often Deen endanger-
BH his inflexibility; whiclrindexibility
will, we suspect, in:some degree inter-
fere even with the mtefests and object
of the present work]
ee
It may be worthy of re-.
O? Gonnor’s, Chronicles of Eri.
THE WRITINGS OF EOLUS.
PART THE, PIRST.—CHAPTER 1.
O WISDOM, thou, art, to be preferred
to all things, to impart, wisdom, is
the duty of all men. He who, possess-,
eth wisdom, and neglecteth to instruct
others, hoardeth what should be hate
itis a treasure that may be lavishly, be-
stowed, without injury to the, donor ;
yea the donor enrichcth himself. bythe
gut. eaciiw bhio
Wisdom is. the knowledge of. truth
direct, without doubt, ic) vii
Hearken, my son, to the words of our
ereat fathers; from them: our, fathers
heard tle lessons of w a in the words
of truth, passed by them to, us_that, now,
be, and from us to be deltyered, to those
who are to come; so, dill time, ofthis
earth shall be no more, which will not.be:
til] Baal shall withdraw theslight of :his
countenance, the fire,of his spirit, froma
the children of this wonkdy 0.6 (ose
Many are the truths still hidden,from
map; who candeelare at what time the.
waters were rolled from. off this.carth2—
none. Who hath informed man :hosy,he
was made ?—how long his dwelling was,
in the bosom of, the vast deep?—-bowyor
when be ceased: to. breathe, im that ele-
ment ?—none. pS ae
Who hath disclosed the first. dimen-
sions of all things? Who hath noted
the degrees of their decrease? Wohojcan
tcll—by what means can man.now dis-
coyer the causes of the production, of all
things? teil thie
It is said that Baal formed every thing
from the earth, the water,.and, the air,
and into man alone breathed ..the, spirit
of fire, pure essence of himself, the effect
whereof is reason. vad of"
bus is it said, who knoweth.how, true
ly? with whom, did Baal, hold. talk 2—
at what time did he draw nigh unto the
children of men? which one, ef the sons
of mau did ever approach Baal? who is
he that ever heard the sound_of the yoice
of Baal, dhat he could distinguish. ihe
words. of his breath? doth Baal, speak
aloud, to wake man affear'd? who, can
icli his, words,?—none,
. Man jimagincth-Are, the, thoughts
whigh he diyulgedhto his fellow, just 2)
For mysell, I ask, and, none can tell.
how came Baal himself? is henot com-
posed of materials the sauce as all other
lixing beings, his. linge dimensions, his
might and poy er, cllects cf combinations
unknowh;to nan? a: tliat :
_ Manyjare, te; things, beyend the rea-
son which man possesscth ; he may fan-
ey what availcth faiey 2 ibsis dfmo
avail ;
:
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gcay wa Sp A Bat 3 ae AL vic B® CRN yen
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WA wp you e Higa repr aperp WHOM TAMIYT ACL :
aca wad nay YO Aap wa focala yrur, 3c snrz
‘ : Lope fiom the original. Mes
Liaise y Vir R Phillis, A Mlban O1 l{ tf Figs the orge — Ms E
Ea 0h: Ga ae ty S Ortig, Litheg Tring
* In these places the manuscript is illegible.
1
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O'Connor's Chronicles of Eri.
avail; reason and wisdom reject such,
as misconceptions of vanity,
Man would be’ thought to kiiow al}
thin#s, even of \the air, aud for lack of
wisdom’ flyeth to. deceitful faney, the
vain; the ignorant, ‘the credulous is one,
— wisdom) trath, and reason is one
oftiers 8"!
My Sot,Do thy utmost to attain to
the certain knowledge of things of this
world within the scope of thy under-
stafiding: “List ‘not to idie dreams of
airy fantasy ; ; contemplate ever so deeply
on things thy senses cannot reach, all
thy’ contemplations will come round to
the’ point whereiit they commence ;—
Where ?—They commenced in fancy—
in fancy they’ will end.
‘Are there not things in abundance
level with thy comprehension wortby of
all thy care ?—Hast thou not parents—
the father who begat—the mother who
bared and suckled, tenderly reared thee
up, anxiously watched over thy helpless
state—Hast thou none of thy mother’s
womb—no partner of thy secret thoughts
—thast tliow no children—are no friends
thine 2—
Hast thou nota name to be spoken of
now,—to be remembered in after times?
—how great the joy to hear the voice of
praise raised in memory of our forefa-
thers— what elory to the race—what an
eXulfation io all those descended from
their loins!
‘Hard hath been the lot of him, whose
spirit hath taken its flight to mingle with
itS kindred elements, no mention made
of him in times to come—untoward hath
been the mind of him, who hath not left
a trace of his existence amongst men—
or to be remembered by reason only of
his evil deeds.
How glorious to gain immortality, by
having infused a portion of his spirit into
the children of man, to abide on the earth
for ever.
My Son,—Pursue not phantoms of
imagination, study thyself{—call to mind
continually ‘the materials of whieh thou
art composed—if muchi of them is prone
to the sluggishness of earth, tlie instabi-
lity of water, the inconstaney' of nimble
air, remember the fire of thy spirit hath
power 10 controw! and direct, if thou wilt
keep it pure.
Oh! that man should suffer his pas-
sions to subdue his reason, the fire of bis
spirit. smothered, all but extinguished,
—are earth, air, and water, more power-
ful than fire?—is. matter more potent
than spirit?
Why delighteth man to do what he
3
647
condemneth in another ?—Why doth he
unto his fellow, what he would not that
his fellow.should do unto him?
The heart of man is proud—he covet-
eth power and_pre-emivence;,.he will
gain them by deeds of evil, without re-
flection ; he listencth 10 the voice of the
. seducer, the false flattering,tongue that
betrayeth—unruled passions. hurry him
on—folly taketh dominion of such an
one ; reason hath departed from him, his
spirit was weak,
My Son,—Let ali thy actions be such,
that when thy bulk shall be inanimaie,
thy spirit shall live for ever in the hicarts
of men.
My Son,—Hear the tale of times of
old; hear of our race the renowned of
the earth. What time. our fathers mark-
ed not, is as ihe cloud that hath passed
away, no note taken—no memorial pre-
served:
Let us speak of times measured by
Baal in his circuit, as he moveth in his
course to animate his children.
How glorious is Baal, how good, how
provident; doth he not produce the frnits
that sustain the life of man ?—doth he
not feed, and warm every living being?
Doth he not give light. by “di ay, and
impart a portion rot his. splendour to, his
dwelling place to illumine the night,and
mark the seasons?
How terrible is Baal in his anger,
when he sendeth forth his:messengers in
fire, air, and water, and maketh the earth
to tremble. All elements are his ser-
vants.
Hear of times marked—T have the
rings of our fatbers; they hayé noted the
rings of their times: L will mark the
rings of my days. ‘fhou wilt mark those
of thy days—so shall signs and. seasons
be perpetual.
Attend now, my,Son-—Our great: fa-
thers dwelt on the left:sideof the sun’s
rising, beyond the: sources) of the great
waters. Of: days marked whilst Baal
performed one thousand ‘and eleven cir-
cuits in lis course:
Then did they spread themselves from
the flood of Sgeind even to the banks of
Teth-gtis,
Aid. when one thousand three Jiun-
dred and four, rings. were, completed,
then did our faihers: of these days pass
to, this, side of 'T'eth- rBris, and, moying to-
wards) the, sun’s. going, reach to. the
Aflveidg-eis; and they became lords of
all the lands: on: this side, and on that,
they outstretched: their arms over all
nations, with merey.
And Absal, he it was who went out
before
648
before the liost, from the land of the
elements of which our great fathers were
formed.
And Daire was'he who conducted the
children of the land to this side A ffreidg-
eis—and the rate of Daire were chiefs
of the earth,
Attend again, my Son,—When twice
nine hundred rings, and thrice’ three
rings were marked’ on the banks of
Affreidg-cis,'a multitude from the sun’s
rising, beneath the land of the first abode
of our great fathers, poured in upon the
Tand of our fathers that then lived, like
unto a swarm of locusts, or clouds of
burning sands, yea even as a torrent of
mighty waters, that overwhelmeth all
things.
~ And the multitudes for numbers not
to be counted, as the sands of the sea,
as the stars of the heavens,—speaking
with a thousand tongues diverse. one
from another—fierce and cruel, came
over our fathers.
And many of the Gaal were made
captives—and many lay in death, whose
state was happier than that of his fellow.
And Ard-fear, chief of the race, and all
the lieads of the people who stood in the
presence of the chief, dwelling round
xbout the tents of Ard-fear, escaped
from the edge of the sword of Eis Soir.
And Ard-fear floated on the bosom of
Blessed A ffreidg-cis, and the waters bare
up his little skiff, till he lighted on the
plain of Ard-mionu.
And all that went forth from Magh-
sean-ar dwelled in Ard-mionu, and Ard-
fear ruled that land as aforetime—but in
person.
And the foemen of the east sheathed
not the sword for one entire ring; and
wlien ohe ring was complete there was
peace.
And Bis Soir made theecarth to groan
for the weight which they laid on the
places where theretofore had stood the
tents of Ard-fear, and the heads of the
Gaal.
Did they not raise up dwellings dura-
ble, and walls round about, and’a watch
tower to Took over the Jand on every
side?
And multitudes of the Gaal flocked to
the tents of Ard-fear in Ard-mionu, and
they encreased exceedingly.
And when Ard-fear had ruled for the
course of one score and eleven rings in
Ard mionu, then and there he died.
And all the children of the land afore-
time, and of the Gaal, gathered them-
selves together, and they placed the bulk
of Ard-fear in the boat, in which he was
O’Connor’s Chronicles of Eri.
borne from, Magh-sean-ar even unto
Ard-mionw on the eterhiik the Blessed
Affreidg-eis,
And they set the Bon on the spot
where it had'rested, when Ard-fear came
therefrom unto the ‘lana, ibikds
And they raised the boat charged. with
the weight of the chief from the water,
and it was conveyed on the shoulders of
the nobles for the space of nine hundred
paces, from the margin of the water; to-
wards the sun’s going.
And there was the boatin which Jay
the form of Ard-fear set down, and there
was his heap ‘raised—a memorial for
ever.
And all the people moaned. inwardly,
and they pourcd forth lamentations loud-
ly, invoking the spirit of Ard=fear, eal-
ling him Naoi, the chosen of. Baal, for
the preservation of the race-of Absaland
the Gaal-Nasi, whom the streams) .of
Blessed Afiveidg-cis did our in natty
to Ard-mionu.
CHAP. Vik—=BOLUSe) yp"
Now Dalta, the first. born of; eee,
was not chosen, Eolus was placed onithe
seat of his father.
And Eolus, before he was’ eliosess,
whilst his father yet lived, had journeyed
to Ib-er of our fathers, and to: the Jand.of
Aoimag, to get knowledge; and his wish
was to go cven unto Mag-sean-ar, the
abode of our great fathers, but, the; diffe
culties were greater than his desire,
And Eolus tarricd one entirering, and
one Ratha in Sgadan, where be. hath
learned to set down all his thoughts in
shapes and figures, for the eye of man,
Tam that Eolus, the son of Enar, the
son of Airt, of the race of Calma, from
Ard-fear, who write down. these words,
for the instruction of those that now be,
and of those who are yet to come.
To teach man to rule himself, that his
reason may keep his passions in subjee-
tion continually, to tell to the chiefs; and
the heads of the Gaal, and to the Gaal
of their race, the renowned of the.earth,
And these words have I written, as
they have been repeated: from mouth, to
ear, from generation to.generation, and
these times have J noted from the marks
of the rings of Baal, and these words are
true, according to the traditions of man
as believed; but more correct are the
times, being according to the revolutions
of Baal, which cannot err,
But J, Eolus, have not set down the
words said by the Priests, to have been
delivered ‘to the nine Priests by Baal,
from the beginning, because my under-
standing cannotgive entertainment there-
unto;
O'Connor’s Chronicles of Evi.
junto; my senses admit not the belicf,
that! Baai hath at any time held talk w ith
one of the children of this earth.
(Afore priests were, have we not beard
of tlie words spoken by the fathers to
their children, as'they listened. to: their
voice, beneath the covering of the tents,
each of his:dwelling, ere the congrega-
tions’ were gathered together, round the
habitations of the priests.
"Phen did each father declare unto
those descended from his loins,
. Give praise’and thanks to Baal, the
author of light and life.
Shed not the blood of thy fellow, with-
out just cause.
"Pake not aught belonging unto ano-
ther secretly.
Keep falsehood from thy lips—false-
hood perverts justice.
Keep envy from iby heart—envy cor-
rodes the spirit.
Keep flattery from thy. tonguc—flat-
tery blinds the judgment.
Pay respect to thy father, conform
thyself unto his will, be thoua sure prop
to his old age.
Love, honor, and cherish thy mother,
Jet thy hand wait on her eye—tby foot
mioye in obedience to her voice ; for the
first pain that you causest to her, she was
quit for the joy at thy coming forth, be-
ware of bringing grief to thy mother’s
heart, thethought will sting thy spirit in
the time to come, j
- Contend not with thy brother—unity
becometh brethren.
Be loving and protecting unto thy
sister.
Cherish the widow, nourish the or-
phan, deprived of his father, bis staff, ne-
Wer more to hear‘a tender mother’s voice.
Relieve tie poor, the needy, and dis-
fressed ; be kind, and minister unto the
Stranger far from the. dwelling of. his
kindred.
Be merciful to every living creature.
‘Be watchful to keep thy passions in
obedience to thy reason, in the first place ;
thereby wilt thowavoid doing unto ano-
ther, what thou wouldst not have ano-
ther do unto: thee.
' Preserve the glory of thy race, die, or
five free. -
What have these things to do with
feeding fires, and Joking after portions
of the land,
And when Eolns bad ruled nine rings,
he placed Dalta his brother iu his seat,
and he did go to Sgadan, and he did
abide there for one ring, and he did. make
a covenant with Ramah, chief of the
Jand of Aoimag.
Montacy Mac. No. 370,
649
And Ramah did send Olam to abide
amongst the Gaal in Gael-ag, and the
teachers of Aoimag did give knowledge
unto. the nobles, instructing them to hold
talk one with another, from the land of
Aoimag even unto Gael-ag.
Moreover men of Aoi-mag taught the
Gael to form ships, wherein to move on
the face of the deep.
And the Gael, do help the children of
Feine; in the bowels of the carth, in the
land of Hisfeine, for the children of Ib-er
were cunning workmen in tbe land of
their fathers, in searching for brass.
And Eolus did sead nine of the sons
of Ib-er, even the most wise of the chil-
dren of the land, to make addition to the
knowledge they had atoretime,
And the meu did return at the set time
of three rings, and Eolus called together
the chiefs of the Gael, to the great con-
gregation, and he spake unto them say-
ing,
“Man differeth nothing from the beast
of the field, save in reason, but whereto
serveth reason, if it receiveth not aright
direction ?
“ Hath man passions in common with
all other animals, which oft consume
him, reason instructed will controul
them.
“ Teachers are now amongst us—w bat
if a portion of the land were assigned to
each of the Olam in divers quarters, that
they may live free from eare, save that
of instructing the youth in the ways of
knowledge.—Gael-ag bath hitherto con-
tained too few of the wise men of the
earth.”
And it was so.—
And the Olam had their portions, and
they did chuse from amongst them one;
Tarlat the son of Leir, to be Ard-olam,
And 'Tarlat sware in the presence.of
Abe congregation to guard) the writing,
which Eolus did place within his hands,
to set down words of the Gaal, to keep
falsehood therefrom, and to preserve them
during his days.
Now..whem Eolus. had.ruled fur the
course of eighteen rings, it came to pass
that Ramah, chief of the children of he
land of Aoismag died, and Amram his
brother’s son took his.place,
SESOSTRIS,
Now it came to.pass what time Kocaid
had ruled.seventeen rings, and cre one
Ratha was complete, amighty host from
the sun’s rising, rushed like a devouring
fluod, sweeping all nations; people were
as streams, and brooks and rivers, that
swell the sea to overwhelm the earth.
And the chief of all the nations was
4N Sru,
650
Sru, and he spread his warriors: over all
the plains of Hisfeine, and» the! Gach of
Fisteine from Aoimag, andithe Pirgnheat,
and the Gaal of Buas-ceand Algeirba
galled onthe? name!‘of Hocaid, the vie-
torious,’ ‘to lead ‘them .against dhe de-
siroyer. © it
But nought could prevail against Sra-
amac s ére the nations of Bisfeine could
gather themselves together, did Sru over-
throw them, and with the remnant that
he spared, did he swell his host.
And Eocaid called round him all the
chiefs and warriors of renown to coun-
cil, and all were of one mind*to move
forth of Gael-ag, to meet the foe.
And when the host of Gael-ag were
within the distance ‘of two days of the
waters of the Duor, the priests did en-
treat Eocaid to tarry one day at Samur,
that the congregation may purify them-
selves in the presence of Baal.
‘And Eoeaid did listen unto the voice
of 'the priests, and on the next day, as
the! Warriots were in motion, did not
those from the heads of the vale espy a
‘cloud riszig from the earth towards the
heaveri? And after a while the thousand
thousands of the foemen appeared.
And ‘the! “priests, did’ again implore
Focaid 10 move back to Samur, and
there to wait for the foe.
When Eocaid heard the voice of the
priests speaking the words, his anger
was Kindled! against ‘them, and he said
tinto me, Ordae,
<“ Ordac, when’ thow shalt sct down
the words of the priests to Eocaid, and
the words of Kocaid:unto the priests,
thou wilt'say,
«(And thus answered Eocaid, the son
of Bille;' chief of the Gaal of Sciot of
Tb. or, wnto theopriests}:“L will not go
backward, tho’ my face were. still to-
wards the foeman‘as I moved. Is Baa
only-in Samur?”
And Moeaid« added smoreover,: ‘1
thought! to "have: encumbered) Mag-
doraid with ‘the weight, of those we sent
not for, as it isyas it is, let the words run
frony Eocaid thro’ the:host,! “ Warriovs
make'treble the pace: of thy feet, and the
sound of ‘thy! voice tell' Eocaid and Sru
stand face to face’) oi) lo ino on
nd it was so, i i TL
And the battle'was fought in all the
plains’ between: Saimur and: Duor; Ko-
caid, and all: the chiefs, and alb the Gaal
fought, destroying, ! like oa’ consuming
fire; but'what availeth fire against: wa-
ter? was not the: fire: of Ther extin-
guished by the stormy waves of the mul-
titudes of Sru-amac?
1
O'Connor's: Chronicles of Eri.
\ Thousands of the Gaal lay on the earth,
and Kocaid;: O woe ! thow fell intofthe
arms df death on:that unhappy day; and
three sons of Go-lam;and chiefs in heaps
lay round the weight of Hocaidyni4 +s
On that, day: Srwoverthrew I ber, and
all the nations: of Hisfeine) ‘and :hectouk.
away captive off the: youth,and-idrove
away a huge prey of the cattlevuf the
land. if #loidlo oil} orolorod T
Now is Gael-ag aisdesertj(save of
mourners. 9 Behold Saibj:the partner of
Go-lam, lamenting ‘her shero\(the ‘most
renowned warrior of ‘the’ race; sities! Or
the son of Tat-foth):and three sons fallen
in the battle. toby
— widows bewailing their ‘elect-
ed. 2 tzong dsl
Behold matrons lamenting their chil-
dren, and maidens the youths'of’ their
promise, and the brethren of their fathers
board. bY yi
On that day, when Baal*lad ‘entered
into the second chamber ‘of his’ howse
Blath, did Eocaid fall) bat not petish ;
his spirit will endure, bis name! will ‘live
in the memory of the children of the land
for ever, ;
On that day was the pride of the tents
of Gacl-ag abased ; when will their hedds
be raised up, and their locks, bedecked
with garlands, dance to’ the’ sportive
music of the winds again? ne hast
Ordac doth take the sun, and mos,
and all the stars to witness; heawdulil
rather have fallen, numbered! with “he
dead, and he that Ard‘Olapy then had
been, had set down?on the ‘chrunieles for
the times to come, And Go-lam re-
turned with victory from the battle?”
, do logs
NOTE. . a
This prince of Gael-ag, whose proper
name Was Eocaid; is in the tales of the
bards knownsby the: name) of Go-lam,
and is'also the Milesius of Latinity wri-
ters of the L5thtenturies; fromowhom! we
Trish are ignorantly and absurdly called
Milesians; he reigned, as:you see; from
1025.to 1008, beforeo the Christian ‘era,
whew Sesostris;\:the: most! ancient-\and
‘Egyptian Hercules’ moving througt Ly-
bia, and ‘the maritime nations ‘of Afric,
whom he overran, invaded Spainy which
he'subdued, whereon he imposed tribute,
wherein he introduced: idolatry,,and
erected | colunins, called the: pillars of
Hercules,; in Spain and Afric} to perpe-
tuate tlie memory of his exploits:. The
battle of Samur determined the fate of
this people, und produced those events
which will appear in:the sequel of these
chronicles,
EMIGRATION
O'Connor's. Chronicles: of Evi.
EMIGRATION OF THE @AAL® 'SCIOT) IBER,
Asiothough Sra o bad) notssbrought
enough) aflliction over: the) children: of
dber; Baabnow grew;:tertibley his wrath
was kindled; be sent bisfire through the
Jand;1he|earth was scorched, tle ;bherbs
Were> consumed; ianen and), cattle!) pe-
rished-+nor rainy nor yet dew. come.on
thle grounds) of) 3
Therefore the chiefs: and all the bende
ef theepeople,»and Olam, ‘and priests,
and, Gaal, werd called, together: to the
Breat> congregation of the speople at
Asii-erseisy to hold talk of times passed,
aud: to, think) on what was fitting to be
done.
) ‘Phe/sassembly: being together, the
high priest standing in the presence of
the king) said, »:
jot Whatlif Baal be invoked 1o cease
from, his wrath, and to look down with
an eye of pity on the miseries of Gael-
ag;) perhaps) ,the great Disposer will
hear, aud grant our-supplications,”
Whereupon Ith the son of Bille, the
‘brother of Golam, the Prince of Breo-
ceean, rose and said, ‘* Chiefs of Ib-er
Gael of Sciot, Are we worthy of our
s#ace, or \have.we declined. therefrom?
when ,Lissoir, came: over our great fa-
thers,),that they could not stand against
ihefoe, did they not. quit the delightful
land, watered, by. delicious ‘streams,
_and,,move to. the hills:of Ard-mionn,
isaying, the. lords of the earth that have
been, will not be under tribute, are not
ithe chilling. winds’ the barren hills of
Ard-mionn, and liberty, preferable even
to ihe; warm,sun—the rich plains of
Sean-ar. calling man by the name of
master, after the manner of Eis-sor?
When Lonrac—what evil spirit of air
breathed the foul thought im Lonrac’s
mind?— When Lonrac spoke of tribute
—tribute from, one to ‘another of the
race—when’ Lonrac | spoke of «tribute,
uuto File the son of Glas, since which
day the'name of Lonrac hath not :been
heard-butiin seorn, by the Gaeliof Sciot
of Iber,-even uniosthis; when GLonrac
spokeyunto Vile the son-of Glas of) dri-
bute) what answer then: did |File' make?
/Dheianswer that beeamea King
Themen of Yer will no tribute pay;
Phenld antag luther come, with high hand to take
v0
nih
(The wayis far, and perhaps—
Whien in the time of Bolus the wise,
the son of Peine was fecling artfully his
way on errand Of dike sort, liad not
Holus the words of Tile repeated wito
Peine’s' car? |) And now doth Sru, having
darkcued the -air with voracious dlodks
651
of ravens, 'gorged with, the bload, year
and with the/fiesh of the childvenjof the
Jand;.;as is{said, -butjsot,as) seen, by
Ordac,’ to write -Ahe* truth, their, bare
bones! blanching jonsthe, surface of) the
earth ‘unburied, send jhis servants. to
take off a prey, calling it tribute, for a
master,
Can the. warriors, of .Lb-er stand. up
against all/these?...So, Jet. us. stand, if
not
The priests do say, “ Ab, that Go-lam
had listened to, our voice, and measured
back his steps e’en to Sa-mur, then
would) Baal. have crowned him. with
victory, and conducted him in triumph
tothe tents of Asti-er-cis.”
And now Ard-Cruimtear saith, “ Let
us invoke Baal,”
Let all the priests of all the nations,
of the earth stand om the marginjof the
Door, and call-on Baal to suffer, the
puny stream, to/;impress. great jocean,
and force his mighty waves. a distance
from the land, Would Baal, ehange—
could Baal change—fixed Jaws for them?
Oh that Go-lam had;not-attended,to
the voice of the priests, and loitered.on
his course, and tarried e’en that one day
at Samur, then had our warriors/passed
over the water, and met the foe forth of
the land.
Children of Ib-er, hear the words of
Ith.
What though the waters of the vast
decp be terrible; is the ‘desolation of
water, air, or earth,) yealof fire fitself) so
frightful. to the Gael .of Sciot, as dhe
afiliction of slavery? OW
Baal himself can destroy but: onoe, so
ceaseth anguisliof body and of, mind ;
the spirit of the vietim then is freejas its
kindred elements, pure: apes of air
and fire. x”
The body of: tlie captive: is wasted. in
lingering torture, his form, is;bent,,and
with his: distorted shape iis) is son} de-
pressed slike untosthe overstrained bow,
It-loses its force, itsiuse is atian,eni..
Oft:hath my:ship crossed the: world, of
waters/do’ Breotan.: ‘“Upoiiactime,, re-
turning for Gaclag,: after bearing! dhe
complaintscof the Gaal, my vessel wis
driven out of its caurse, towards; dhe
sun’s going, till we reached; a; land. of
wodds, ‘a rough Jand;\ the people fled
frdm.oun ‘presence; thoughowe were but
few; we drank of the: waters of that land.
“Dhither would Tthyge;and he will sre-
turnin dime to sheWwotke rthither way, to
all who prefer dangers to slavery.
» Pov himself, Mb,the' son of Bille, the
brothe
652
brother of Eocaid Go-lam, will! cease to
live, or he willdlivesfrees” to ebusd «
Now when)! Baal: had» Hire two ‘dena
in . the); first)ichambery of|? his ‘house
"Tionnscnad;anth theswatchmen of «the
ocean saw-three ships coming, towards
the Jand,\all »Gaelsag flocked » to: the
shore toomeet the! princes,
And-as the:ships were moving within
the/arms) ofsthe land, 4he air rung with
the shouts’ of the Gaal.
The anchor east, Liugad, >the; son of
Ith, stood on the ground before: Marcad,
1 Ordac:nigh\ unto, when Marcad did
say unto’ Lugad, wherefore do. we not
sce Ith? hath he tarried:after thee ?: how
fareth Ith?
Lugad did place his hands:upon his
breast, his eyes bent on! the earth de-
jectedly, then pointing to. the. vessel,
whence he had come forth, he answered
unto Marcad, “Ith is no more; my
father that: was, falleth to pieces within
the:chamber of the ship.”
And: when all had: eaten; and were
refreshed, andias the horns went round,
Lugad | being seated on high, near unto
the King, Maread said unto him,
» “Let Lugad, if it be pleasing to him,
relate the tale of Ith.”
‘> Whereupon Lugad: stood up, and
spoke-aloud, saying,
“ Children of ‘Ib-er,’ Gaal. of Sciot,
hear of Ith,:the son of Bille, the brother
of 'Go-lam;
“7th saw and felt: the affliction of
Gael-ag;) Ith preferred dangers to tri-
bute, death to'slavery ; did he not move
on ‘the! surface of the vast deep, to a
strange land, to prepare the way for the
children! of the:Gaal, where they may
live, their ears free from the sound of
the voice of aamaster.
And we passed along towards the
fingers:of; Baal, till we'saw Breotan we
kept-clearsof Scaoilead; into’ Casad-tir-
aider we entered: into. |
And on: the eigbthoday from the day
whereon we did cease to see Dunmianac,
we did:espy thelland we Jookeul for, and
we didsteer withthe landvon tlie left of
us, as we moved for four dayso and
nights, thendid the waters of nis aenhags
bear us’ to’ the shore.
* And: Tthdideset thoethird of ouricom-
pany to guard the ships, with the west
did he adventuré: into! the) country) and
thére are two distinct Gael :thereon,
speaking with different tongues, «and we
did come to know !that those whorare
the mos}, Aré)servants! unto those! who
are the Jeiist—moreoy er, that: the mas-
O'Connor’s Chronicles of Bri.
ters are) evil in theaminds of theiservatty
—and the servants are‘inclineddowatds
us+—they seemed insjoyationt coming,
for theyre! im bondage. boow to ons!
}oAnd> ith enquired) forthe ichiefjiaind
after two: days): came sometto! conduct
uS.to: his: presence\ | 2 off no aWwob
And Dthealled for counsely. and fittwas
said,— Why» igo farther;! have> wee not
seen enough?let!usito out brethren;
and» return vii them: ands! wine Ahe
land. viotlt bobs
But Ith saids0“ Nay; may itiaiotobe
said we were ufivared)-bizep: Gobretarn
to the ships, and if ave! domotusuceced,
then Gol spced thou ‘to: Gaeka vaindbee!
peat in Marcad’s car the words’ of Ith
“* Let Marcad: lead theichildren of Ther
hitherward, here faiseup-the tents oftlie
Gael”’—but!'Gobentreated tov go" KH
howbeit, he spoke inpvainy 098) Wo |
And we passed along forvone! day wa-
rily; and:we'spent the niglit cautiously.
‘And on the: morrow. dthomade) Ahiose
who conducted ‘us! to:'know,that'he
would abide where he was} tilbthe come
ing of the chief, and ‘for two tay only,
and we tarried*there. | nt W Stns
And on the second day half spengiwe
espied a multitude:coming’ towardseus,
and as they drew nigher unto asj24vé
saw huge clubs in their|hands—io slings;
nor bows had they, nor sharpoweapons
for war—and we moved to mect then,
notwithstanding theirnumbers} the'hen
were fair to look upon; yea'veryifait.o!
And oftentimes did: they mention the
name of Dan-ba ‘and of) Dantan; ditd
the masters did beat the'servants under
their feet, in our pomitnnnas es them
Cloden. Ly, ewe
Long time had not prasield til ‘we saw
bands gathering round about, atid some
hasting betweem*ussand’ the Shipsi—
When Itlosaid, “ Letthe backward wiy-
be kepticlear,;awe be toofew/? 69 20
Now the men of the land raiged'a
Joud shout, ‘and flung stones ‘at us! with:
ereat force, then) we. idid> ancdse our
bows,vand draw Cran Pubail forth
iy Ui re {raalowerevin’ streights,and we
did ompve our. forees towards the mule.
titude$! And) thus\ for! three days; when
our brethren led by Gol, save nine (Jett
withotlie! shipsy came toWwalids, ‘elearing
the way,! felliitiothe combat; and: hay
wheres they, fell: Moreover. Tth> my
fatber fell} but’ not into! iheécarms ‘of:
death on that day, and we spar ore ‘to
bis shipa.)
sAndiT Lugad did nod iritor my ship,
Premained with my entlicny and not long,
while
S9qQ91 1 tsa
O? Connor's Chronictes of Eri.
while before he ceased, he did eal me
to him, andvhe:saidy: efasy
offilaet, Marcad lead they Gael- ti. the
land of woods, .thebservants: willl) be
helping unto them to-win the Jabdi, Let
not |.Baal jin: his: next) day’s) rest} look
down on the griefs of Iberim Gael-ag.”
-And | these-were:the) last words of Ith
the son of Bille; othe: brether of Go-lam
the renowned, himself renowned:also.
>And whén: duugad) had ymadean end,
all repeated their oath to have venge-
ance, for Ith’s; blood,’ and all besought
Maread to speed their departure.
») New) preparations are;made through
Gael-ag, ands what :time Baal entered
the! threshold -of the mansion of his
blessed fire, behold on’ shipboard. the
clann .of; Breo-ccean Gaal of ‘Sciot, of
Iber, Nomades,,Ogeageis, the memorial
of our race, of}\thosé who had escaped
dhe eaptivity,of Sruj:and- the wrath of
aal taking theirdeparturefrom Gacl-ag
perhaps forever, having: sojourned here,
four hundred;-and four ‘score and four
rings precisely.
_» (Baal, was favourable until: the host
came within sight of the land of their
vengeanee,| «Then | did) he send forth his
messengers: of air;,and they brake the
vessels, and; scattered) them, on. every
side:, twelve ships did the servants of
ihe, angerof» Baal bury beneath the
wayes ofthe vast deep.
9 Qn, that day was Colba overborne at
the mouth-of,a river of the land.
.4On. that, day, perished, Cier within the
jaws of aniniet.of the sea at the extre-
mity, of the, world of-land.
_Howbeit..the, remainder of the host
with difficulty reached the shore, with
Maread;) Tolar, and. Blat, sons of the
bero, and Lugad the son of Ith, and the
children of Maread and Tolar, and Er
son of. Cier, he| would abide with: the
sons of Marcad, -bis);companions -in
Gaelag. ;
» And, Maread. bad, “Let three men
abide, wit cach ship, and et) allsdhe
women farry) with «them, whiles etheir
brethren go to, take vengeance for Tith’s
blood, and|wiu the land; and thencloth
Was,spread to; take the lots of ties to
glay behind. ruler
/ When ally the men, audi tl: thie, Wo-
men,oried, aloud, ‘ Let none Ke deft plet
all die together; or all have glory of those
who, shed, Ith’s; blood!” They mdnld
not be iatreated,
And the Gaal were abide td.
gether, and dhe) men \of)the | land) as-
sembled, moresin guinber than the Gaal,
ove score for one.
653:
And they battle, endured not Jong,
when bands of the servants passed over
unto us, andthe masters fled.
»And on the nextday the battle was
renewed; andthe men of ithe land were
overthrown: the clubs availed not; the
servants stung the masters sorely:
And on theethird day, theochiefs: of
the’ land ‘did «send «messengers unto
Marcad; and the messengers lradi their
clubs behind them,:and boththeir arms
on their breasts, token of peace.
Now it happed that.men of the Gaal,
in a ship of Feneid, on their way from
Breotan: to Gaclag, driven from its
course, was broken here eight: rings
gone by; these did know the speech of
the Danan.
These did the Danan bring before
Maread; and when their joy hadsabated
in some sort, for seeing the face of their
brethren, they did speak inthe ‘speech
now of one, now of another; and‘ after
this manner was ‘the coyenants\made
sure between the chiefs of Iberj and/the
chiefs of the land aforetimes® 002919
And the chiefs of the land:said) <©Ye
be mightier than we«through’ the: false-
hood of Cloden, the Danan will:not’be
in subjection nor yet under tribute: to
thee. We will move to the) farside of
the old river, and dwelk between» the
waters thereof, and the: waves: of the
vast sea. We will notpass overdo
this side of the river to thy people, nor
must thy people'passioveritowus. :More-
over Clodenis in thy:hand; do unto-them
as scemeth good ytoy thee; \if.ye deal
kindly by them, sand oput thy: trust ip
them, look to it:
On that day, the: second day: fuse
Baal had entered into the:second' cham.
ber of his house Seth was: sithe conenarit
made. 7
And the Danan did ket af Fg begga
stone. on (he spot;owhere. the; covenant
was made; and I Ordachave set down
words onthe chronicles) ofthe pad to
remaim for ever. 24
And) Marcad said,:\ Let this: ihibe he
called «Mag: conan Em A and) alli said,
sc nad ” fy F r
oNow peace abideth. The. ‘Diavaniare
in motion towards :the\:country: of the
covenant.| Lingueat iaenl around (the
Ganalail! diiw ,
bo The tents oft Marend arciraiseds up on
Magmirtionnas andi the tents,of [ber
stand about: the ‘tents! of the: chief; for
Mareud saith, “f?Cwere well:that the
Gaalrest together; till the Danan pass
the waters.”
Virgneat aye helping unto us in all
things;
mig
654
things; and the: Gaabeast on this land
in the days of Golam—are: with their
brethren. «video! Mizar 98
And they do tell of: Cloden they kre
Firgneat, Cegail, born’ ofthe elements
ofthis land. 1
And: the Danan did hitlier eome froin
beneath! the fingers oof Baal, ten ‘score
and dlcven’knots now passed); and they
did! overbeat Firgneat;and hold them in
bondage! with rigours:
Neither did ever hear of Baal.
Wow what: time we had svjourned
three moons‘on: Magmortioumna, Marcad
eatied to hime all the’ children of Iber;
and the chiefs did hold talk inthe pre-
sence of the Gaak; and lie did rise in
the midst, and said,
“Phe land: is now free for the foot of
the’ children of Iber.’ What, if it were
explored, none knoweth the limits there-
of? After ‘what manner shall ‘we go
fortlr? | Phe Danan ‘may prove false,
Shall we: separate; or shall we move 'to-
gether?! “Phin is our host by the power
of Baal.
49Sra “was: ibut> his’ messenger, as
@rought and ‘pestilence ; Golam the re-
nowned, though mighty, could not stand
against the mightier Baal; thercfore is
our host thin.
**Colba is! bencath the waters of the
déep unburied:
“ Cier cai no'more hear the sound of
Maread!s voice. “Ob, that he could!
+Cier lieth under his ‘heap ; his death-
song’ channted; “his' war-song raised.
Who, Dat Baal, could overthrow Cicer
the magnanimous? What availeth man
against “thie Almighty.” > And Maread
wept; and) atl the host lified ap their
voice, and cried. After awhile, Maread
said) *'4f Blat would speak.”
‘And Blatvsaid; “What, if all move
together?”
‘And Marcad said; W hat saieth Tolar?”
‘VWid-Totar said, “ What, if three parts
be made of the Gaal, and that one part
move nigh unto their brethren; keeping
a course all to the same point?”
The words of Tolar being goody pre:
parations were made; and what!time
Baal entered: the: threshold of ‘bis: house
'Tirim, the congregation were in motion,
And Marcad went out béfore =the
host, with one third towards the ‘south;
and Blat moved on therightiof\Marcad;
and Tolar took his course on si right of
Blat. ‘o
And’ the Olam and’ the priests, the
bards, and the minstrels, were! divided
amongst the chiefs ; and the women and
SDTV 4 nid od
O'Connor's Chronicles: of » Eri.
children «were with: their /@kum;) and
Firgneat were: with:us;i conducting» the
Gaal through: the passages of thedand.
LoAadsEr the) son lof: Ciernwas invthe
handiof Maread ;'yca; before the: sens of
Marcad; as he went, \\the sstepyobithe
wiirribr shortened. teleh to! the paceing
of thelad: iitel It mo 92100
Andrwe jpn /Marcadvhaving
the waters of the great sea énhiselelt
close’ by, untilpwe ‘met watervofriters
unfordab!e; then. artifieers ofvihe: Gaul
coustructed boats, for Maread edusedall
the vessels to be ‘burnedkion! which ithe
host were conveyed fiony Gaclag to this
land. 10 06 a9oaal tse ter
And thus did we proceed ,dilk wessaw
from the summit/ofianountains, thelex>
tremity of the World oflandbiswos 200m)
Then we ebanged our course: déseénd-
ing into the planes: beneath,’ tillo we
reached © the streams) of othe! owaters)
wherein perished Cier the magnayimons;
and Maread would go; to look apon the
heap, beneath which lieth the ‘brother! of
his soul, that was, O grief!vand igo‘he
did, taking with *him a ifews in his
company. lifgim otld Jo
And as we entered into that landy. did
we not sce of Gaal ‘of /Iber) abiding
thereon? we did bear them spear the
tongue of the Gaal in'great partssand
they did tell of strange things*confusedlys
but they know not of Gaclag, nor /Ditn-
mianac, nor much of aught: theseodid
minister unto us, to the fulness OP their
little means. it zonslg
And we did stand upon “the extremity
of the world of land; savethe small: (pore
tion separated therefrom) whereon! is
raised the heap of Cier, in’ the’ midst of
the waters of the roaring sea, on Which
the raging winds ‘did not suffer Marca
now to pass. a
Therefore “did ‘we raise our’ eyes to:
ward, our hands" ‘outstretched; tears
flowing frony the eyes of the° boy’ Br;
yea} and of all; and’ Maread said, with
faltering voice, OW ema Yt
“ May the spirit of Cier, the ‘son of
the her6, bé immortal! ‘and headded,
moreover, * Tet this? Fiver “be €alled ‘the
Fiverof Ther, for the times to come, in
memory ‘of this son of es ihe glory ‘of
the race.” oeo8
And we retuned {o our brethren! sant
they wold “go"also to see the heap =|
Cier; ‘but Marcad stayed themio%! >
“And ‘the host ‘moved: forward! till: als
reached the waters of Seanamhan, be-
yond which are the lands of the! Danan ; 4
and we Kopt the river ou the loft of us;
i nar
O'Connor's. indole of Evi.
nor departed Marcad therefrom, sae we
reached the fountain thereof. »,
Then we moved: towards the: sun’s
going, tillwei foached: upon ithe world
of waters, and wesdid: bearsof aotrath,
“ithe waves of the vast sea do wash the
margin of ibe Jand, dhrougl all) the
course from the going forth of the waters
of Scanamhan, ta the ver y spot whervon
yeistand”
Phen wemoved northward ; the oeean
on ‘oun|left very near, till our foot was
Stayed by ocean’s self.
»/ Phen! changing) our course towards
ihe sun’s rising; the! waters of open sea
or of salt lakes on our Iecft, we advanced
tillour step. was arrested at the extreme
of Jad egains then we; did- turn. our
faces towards the strength of Baal.
wAnd, as Baal was enterihg the thres-
hold of the mansion of his blessed fire,
the whole:host. did move into’ Magmor-
tiomna, for: Marcad Jojtered, that we
may:return, to the spot, whence we did
take,our departure, at that set time.
s\And \new \if;was manifest, that the
lagd;was encompassed with the waters
of the mighty sea on every side—an
islands! ject 0
ylfon pine days.after, the Gaal abided
imireposes then, Marcad assembled the
congregation, and he stoud up in the
mist, /and,sais, |
af When our “fathers eame from Tber
antosa, strange. Jand, did they not give
names to their dwellings, the hills and
planes, the waters of the rivers; yea, the
waves, of the sea itself; to preserve the
memory of Abeir, for mer place, that the
name. of, Er’shoald ne'er be Jost, whilst
time/shall endure.
“What, if this land, standing alone,
an island, be called Eri for the times to
come?
. The Gaal of Sciot.of Iber, Nomadcs,
Oigeageis, we are, and ever shall be, go
where we will, fare.as we may,
*\ For myself, 1 would, that these of
my loins were called the race of Hers
s0 long as) they eudcure,;,,
»‘* Words have .passed; to my. ear,
‘'Phis. Jand. is large, too. Jarge for)one
chief;,the chiefs, did, choose.,.Marcad,,in
the place,of his father to rnlein Gaelag,
Gaelag is not Eri.’ These Wows are
true..,
“What,ithen, ifithe chiefs eek their
free thoughts, concerning these things 5
if any have taken, thonght,to, utterance
—if not), What, if we forbear for, other
nine, days, and.in, time; that passeth be,
tween think, aod then, hold talk.”
And it was so.
655
LAWS OF) ERI
J Now! Baal badsentered the threshold
of his house Iarsgith, freshly,
/When Eocaid) sent! forth anessengers
withJetters, saying,
“ Let the kings, princes, and nebles
ofothe Gaaloin Eri, and>chiefs of the
Olam, aud heads of :the ‘people; «meet -
Erimionn in the bigh:chamber of "Teac-
mor, on Tobrad, what time the fires.shall
be lighted on the summits of Ake plains
of Eri.
And now as Baal was moving into
Fluicim, the fires blazing on the: sum-
mits of the land, the glory of Evi shined
on Tobrad.
And all the heralds raised their voices
aloud, and the gates of the high cham-
ber of Teacmor opened, and. Erimonn,
and the kings of Mumain and Gaelen,
and the princes and nobles and the: chiefs
of the Olam, and heads of the peaple of
the nations of the Gaal of Eri entered.
And the throne was set.in the middle
of the chamber, one step higher than the
floor thereof.
Anda table stood on the floor beneath
the throne, and the king of Miumain,, of
the race of ber, took his. seat opposite
to the table, on the right side wei
throne.
And the king of ;Gaelen, of the race
of Tolar, took his seat opposite: to the
table, his face towards the throne.
And the seat of the king of Uilad of
the race of Er, oppositeto theitable on
the left side of the throne .was.empty.
Did not the, king,of Ullad sit! on:the
throne Erimionn ? Minstesii ow
And the chief secretany, ‘of Bri ‘sat be-
tween the throne, and :the, table, close
thereunto: io bue
And the. chief secretary! of } Mumain
sat, between the king of Mumain and the
table. veh
And the chief secrctary of, Giiélens oe
between (the ikingy of Gackt and ‘the
table.. x13 io ol
‘And-the chief. Sesdtech of ; Ullad. sat
between the neat of the, nibs tiie and
the;table.. ~
Andthe princes of, fs race of: ber,
the first:barniof dhe bero,;/anidtheprinees
of Tihy satvow the mahtoen left of the
king of Maniain. sos it
And the qirinees: of; theoracelif Tolar,
shton!the dacaealsinss deft of, the ‘King of
Gaelen. oul) co ito
And the Hide of the race of Er sat
om the sight atid theft of the seat of the
kingyof UHad. oiyyieuiy
Andithenoblés sat bohind the princes
of the nation, to which they belonged.
And
‘656
And the Olam, and the beads of the
people, sat behind the nobles. of their
lands. {
And on the table inthe midst) were
the rolls of other times closed, and the
writings of Eolus, and the chronicles of
the Gaal.
And rolls open to receive the words
of the days’ as they pass, for thie eye of
the children of the land that are to
come.
And as Erimionn rose from the throne,
and was about to speak, an uproar was
raised about Teacmor, and it was told
within, that men armed stood on 'Tobrad.
And Eocaid loosed the girdle, and
opened the clasp of his mantle, and he
said,
“ Whlien the laws of Eriare the theme,
let the sword remain in his scabbard,
the bow in his case, and Cran Tubail be
hung up in the tents of the Gaal.
*“ Reason is the parent of Justice ;
Justice is the handmaid of the laws ;
arms are instruments of the passions of
man.
“Behold Erimionn beareth not the
sword in the habitation of the laws.
“ Heralds, say without—
‘Let those who are armed depart
every man to bis tent; and those who
stand on Tobrad abide in peace.”
And it was so.
And Erimionn rose again, and he said,
“ Pour rings haye been completed
since Eocaid the son of Fiaca hath been
chosen to sit on the seat of the chief tn
Ullad ; since which time the kings, the
princes of the race, and chiefs of the
Gaal, have placed bim even here, the
tie and knot of the cincture that is to
bind together the affections of all the
children of the land ;
“Phat he may do. somewhat to jus-
tify their thoughts of bim, he bath la-
boured without ceasing to give the laws
a form, and strength moreover to protect
the children of Eri from violence and
oppression. 5;
** Itis known unto you, that the Cra-
imtear have: feigned nine laws*from
Baal, ne
“The foundation laid in deceit, “the
work hath been ‘raiscd by imposture, and
propped up by ignorance on: this side,
and by fear on that:sidethereof. -
“ When I haveinquired of the priests
that now be, for the ground of the fancy
of some, of the artifice of others, the an-
swer of one and of all hath hkeen—
“ ‘The many of the race are poor, they
are ignorant, their ways are perverse ;
they have the desire of all men, to live
O'Connor's Chronicles of Eri.
at ease, and. passions exciting them fo
avarice; yea,’ and to the possession of
power. Aisiog
. © Ifthey: be not. controlled: by laws
other than the work of their fellow man;
those who haye.ricbes.and dominion will
hold both doubtfully. Where ignoratice
prevaileth, fear alone*inspixeth awecand
respect. i ‘ tele Hes
* Will the kings, and princes, andno=
bles, surrender their flocks,-and lierds,
and masterdom, to the multitude? «>»
“ Ts it not wiser and better far, that
the king reverence the. priests? so may
the servants of Baal keep the minds of
the Gaal in obedience tothe king. —
“ Then will the king enjoy in peare
his large authority, and. the. priest: bis
small portion of the land... N) fanepd
“ Such and. such like hath been the
saying of the priests. 10 ABE
“* When I. have: inquired, of them,
What if the pains taken by the pricsts to
make men ignorant, and to keep. their
minds in the ways of falsehood, were be-
stowed by the Olam to instruct them in.
the lessons of wisdom, in the wordsof}
truth ? iseanhsd
“ Still hath the answer of the: pricsts
been-— iy dayonds
“ Let the Olam speak untothe poor;
and all their lessons of knowledge and
of wisdom will but create in theivniinds
a hunger for riches, a thirst for dom inion,
not to be allayed nor quenched till satis-
fied in both. wily Ri
“So saith the Cruimtear; neverthe-
less my opinion differeth from the fancy
or the artifice of the priest:
“Therefore,
“ What if five. of the laws of the olden
time only be retained to stand on the
roll, at the head of the laws of Eri, nat
deceitfully, ascommands from Baal, ac-
cording to the words of the priests, but
openly, laws of the land, by consent of
all the children thereof?
“ Baal spake notto Astor, 4,
“ Itis the voice of Reason that erieth
aloud, if
« Let not man slay his fellow. > 4
“ Baal spake not to Lamas,
“ Tt is Justice that directeth,
“ Let not man take of the belonging
of anotlier privately. SH
“« Baal held not converse with Soth.
“ Ttis the spirit of Truth that saith,.
“ Tet not the lips utter what the
mind Knoweth to be false. Bist
* Baal opened not his mouth to Al.
“ Tt is the geiitle voice of tender Pity
that whispereth,
“ Man, be merciful. 49
“ Baal
0’ Connor’s Chronicles of Eri.
*¢ Baal talked not with Sear.
“Tt is the tongue of Wisdom that
teacheth,
Let man do even as he would be
' donesby.
“- What-if these five laws stand laws
of Eiri?”
‘Andvall said, “* Yea.”
And Erimionn raised his voice, and
said)
«When we were together aforetime,
I did say unto the assembly then—
“The desire of the mind of Eocaid is
towards peace, and the laws of peace
continually:
“True; we have laws from our fathers,
the work of the chiefs; therefore they
restrain not their passions, no punish-
ment following their transgressions.
** Fences there are round about the
Gaal on every side; the Gaal respect
them through fear, nothing from love.
‘©Moreover, the words of the laws
from the mouths of our great fathers to
the! ears of our fathers, and so to us, are
loosed and made fast, as the justicer
pleaseth, without the consent of the
Cluastig.
Whilst the words are guarded as
though they were the property of the
judge, and by whom set forth no one
ean render account.
‘“'Pherefore, that the laws should be
made/sure to curb violence, and to pu-
nish the doer of wrong, be he chief, be
he of the Gaal, and that the justicers
also be brought within the rale of num-
ber and authority;
«What if the number of the justicers
in each of the nations of the Gaal in
Eri be twice nine justicers; one in the
land of each Tanaisteas, and one chief
judge to abide nigh unto the king in
each of the nations, and ene other jus-
ticer moreoyer to sit nigh unto this
‘Teacmor?”
And all said, “ Yea.”
And Erimionn said,
‘It is known unto. us, that. hereto-
fore the justicers have taken on them to
hear and to determine, the Cluastig not
called ;
“ What if the justicer be silent; till
the Cluastig say aloud, yea, or nay; and
if nine Cluastig be present, they do.all
say yea, or they do all say nay.
* And if twice nine, or more, do stand
round about the seat of the justicer, the
thing inquired of shall be as the greater
number shall say.
“And the justicer open not his Jips
tilk the hands be counted; then the
Montury Maa, No, 370,
657
jasticer shall spread out the roll of the
laws, and he shall say alond, in the
hearing of all the Cluastig, and of him
complained against, the words thereon.”
‘And all said, “ yea.”
And Erimionn said,
“Tfthe Cluastig say, the man did slay
his fellow with evil mind,
“What if the jadge read aloud,
‘Let the'slayer of man be swept alive
out of sight into the bowels of the earth,
no trace of him remaining.”
And all said, “yea.”
And Erimionn said,
“Tf one bath declared other than the
truth before the justicer and the Clu-
astig, and the falsehood be made
manifest.
“ Let ihe false one suffer in like sort,
as by his words another had been trou-
bled; and so in all cases whatsoever.”
And all said, “ yea.”
And Erimionn said,
“If one taketh by stealth Sug of |
another, and the taking be proved,
“Let the evil-doer restore two-fold,
and be put to shame in the sight of the
children of the land; and if the trans-
gressor cannot restore, the clan make
good the loss, and the evil-doer bear his ,
own shame.”
And all said, “yea.”
And Eocaid, still standing, raised his
voice, and said, :
“What if words be set down on the
roll of the laws?
“ Let not the Gaal of Sciot of Iber go
forth of Eri to waste the Jands of others: .
and should the Gaal of strange nations.
enter the land of the children of Iber to
vex them, Ict the warriors be of. one
mind, and as one arm, to drive the
foreigner into the sea, or give. them
graves in Eri, unless they become
subjected.”
And all shouted “ Eri,” nine times,
And Erimionn said,
“ Ericis the birtb- right of all the chil-
dren of the land; the king hath his por-
tion, the prince, the nobles; each hath
his portion thereof; the Olam, the priests,
the bards, and the minstrels, have their
portions.
“© And. the Gaal by their che have
their portions thereof.
“« rom the earth man deriveth suste-
nance whereby to live. Hath any in-
creased his store of cattle, or of stuff, or
of arms? Let his words as to these,
and these like, stand; of bis portion. of
the Jand none can have dominion longer
than he doth abide thereon, the children
40 of
658
of his loins, and the mother of the chil-
dren shall dwell thereon, dill partition |
made; then let not the woman who bore, ~
nor the damsels who are to bring forth,.
be forgotten; are not all the race born
of woman?
“« Sons of Eri, honour and respect thy
father.
“ Love, honour, and respect, and ten-
derly cherish all the days of thy life the
mother who bore, and suckled, and
reared thee up. Let thy hands minister
unto her in all her necessities ; let, thy
eye never Jook-upon thy mother but in
thanks and gentleness.
*« Sons of Eri,
* Let the strength of thy arms pro-
tect the weakness of the daughters of
the land.
“ “What if Eri lay under the rules of
Tainistact, as aforetime?”’
nd it was so.
And Erimionn said,
“« What if words be set down as laws
of. the Gaal in Eri, according to. your
will now. expressed ?””
‘And all said, “‘ Yea.”
And the chief secretary of Eri read
aloud,
“ © man, shed not the blood of thy
kind maliciously.
“ Take not thou aught belonging to
another, coverily.
“ Let not thy lips speak falsely to the
injury of another,
‘“ Have mercy on every living being ;
be merciful.
* Do thou unto others as you would
wish: others would do unto thee. This
is just and proper.
“© Shall one kill another treacherously,
let him: be dragged’ on the ground and
O'Connor's Chronicles of Eri.
cast beneath ie surface of the earth
without memorial
“4e Shall one. take privately the pro-
perty of another, let him pay Erie twice
the value of the thing taken, and set
apart. Is he not able.to pay, hath he
Gikedniled from the land of s dwelling,
let the family pay, but let the transgres-
sor bear his own shame.
“Shall one have spoken falsely of
another, let the false one suffer in the
like manner as he designed against the
other, and let the Jike he obesterskiny all
cases for ever.
“ Let not. the Gaal of Sciot lof, Lber
go forth-of Eri to trouble,another Jand,
and if another race shall :enter:the land
of the children of They, ‘to’ oppress them
without eause, let the warriors. be! of one
mind, and as one arm to drive them into
the sca, or give them graves in Eri, un-
less they become subjected, |
“ Lei the custom of ‘Tainistact abide.”
And it was right and good. .
And. the assembly te forth, “and the
doors of the. high chamber, were closed.
And Eocaid suffered.notany,one, to
depart whilst Baal abided-in cui. aking
Fluicim.
The song and the harp; nab aah,
and tales of other times, and sports
ceased not.
And after one moon all took their’ ‘de-
parture from Tobrad, save Ardriy he
dwelleth thereon.
*.* We have been enabled, with the con-
sent of Mr.O’Connor, to give placeto the
fac-simile of the Laws, as given in the
work itself ; and we trust ats) value. will
justify the expence, and gratify ourrea-
ders.
END OF THE FIFTY-THIRD VOLUME,
PLATE +Facssimipeior THE Laws or Erttoiface page 646.
.- a Prom = :
= § DEC 1949
aS
ODF
19 Dif
sf te
tiloz
MiliS 9
e9Tro2
1TQZ20 SY
pe GENERAL, INDEX
FIeTY-2oIRD..VOLUME.
FIRST SIX MONTHS OF 1822.
> Viselsi
oii of
pt fons
ig “BSENTEES, Irish, observations
on
eo i ee i ae ae
Addison} description! of Bilton-hall,
uc! the'residence-of
Aerolite, account of ani-+-++---+++* 157
ee fo ead
AFFAIRS, POLITICAL, 77, 174,265, 463,
560
Africa, ME. Walckenaer’s synopsis of
geographical researches, respecting
_the INteViON Of sc cescccccssecss
——, on Birchell’s travels into the
interior OF ie PTE.
J 6 'the horrors Of the slave-
fradé, Carried OW ile. see. see sees B55
‘Agticulturists; on the selfishness of -- 77
+--+), recommendations for
restoring enjoyments t0......+6.. 78
AGRICULTURAL MonTaiy Report,
73, 171, 262, 564, 462, 559
—_ Society, the Bath and
op Wells, meeting of -++ers++s+-+-. 95
————-. distresses, investiga-
~ tion of the causesof -++++++e+ee. 97
———_———_. and commercial em-
barrassments, observations on +--+
Air, Abbe Félice Fontana’s discove-
‘ries rélative to the absorption of »- 426
Akarkouff, tuin Of... sce. ceeees 594
Albanian: Christians, historical anec-
~ dotes of the «+ sere cere. cer cteces
Alcoran, the Mussulman’s regard for
theeeccc.-.-ccceccnes
Alliance, the holy, observations on - -
Alum, defence of the use of, by bakers
Amazons, on the existence of the---- 528
America, South, public affairs of, 81, 270,
565
465
513
233
322
ebiO
98
eeeeerroaes
—— North, public affairs of------
, on the climate of «+++
on German emigration to ..
on prison discipline in ++++++
American colonies, letter written in
1765, on the right of taxing -+«=*%
poets, specimens of the
works of contemporaryeees «eres
Ancients, observations on they. «+.
Anglo Saxon, on the study of
LAPE ITALIANA- eer e eee e eens 116, 393
Apple-trees, on the management of, 15, 225
Arabs, observations on the seeee 835
, dresses of the 597
Arabia, vorthern desert of, Mr. Root-
sey’s communication of Captain
Rayne’s rout across the +++++-+5.-
“B25
313
204
ee
119
519
‘Absurdities, Custom-house, account of 330
+ 144
—=——-
Arabic, verses from the-+.. ss. 40.6 924
Armagh, biographical sketch of Dr,
William Stuart, archbishop of --++ 469
Arta, in Epirns, affecting particulars
of the plague at, in 1816.) -«+res-- 288
Articulation, observations on ...... 412
Asparagus, Mr. Ross’s method of fore-
HDL o's 0.0m 1s meieini oo om wig win aye aiawe 537
Asbury Mr. his plan for exterminat-
ing the natural small-pox, and esta-
blishing the efficacy of the cow-
pox
Association, Constitutional, observa-
tions On the s..e eevee ee eb ees 06 436
* Auld Robin Gray,” the author of, |’
determined --+se0..s-eesscheens 492
Aurora borealis, description of a pie-
turesque Ce ee ee
Babel, ruins of the tower of «+++++0»
Babylon, description of the ruins of,, 596
, country surrounding...... 598
, description of bricks of ... 601
Bacon Lord, view and account of his
residence at Gorhambury -+«%+.+. 385
Bagdad, description of «+++ .s 4...) 590
» bazaar at’? 62 Yee AR il
, introduction to the pasha of 9.9591
» Climate of «6. os) vies 592
» CUSTOMS IN» + ¢* siesis Bese eee 593
Bakers, defence of the use of alum by,110
Bakewell, Mr. T. on. prevention, of
explosions in coal mines... «») <». 115
Bala-lake, description of ...... 114, 207
Ballad old, beauties of the, with ex-
amples »-+e-sscecccceecrecveeers 191
BANKRUPTS, LIST OF, 75, 172, 263, 362,
461, 558
Bank-notes, on the prevention of imi-
tation of
3ark larch, Mr. Enort Smith on -->.
Barlow Mr. his observations on chro-
nometers +-.--
Barometer, Mr. Tatem on the mini-
munrof the, at different periods ..
, simple substitute for a....
Bartley, Mr. his remarks on choke
damp.and tire damp + 4-0. ..ee
Basque roads, description of........
Bastille, account of documents found
in the, with translations of them,
and anecdotes
Bateman, Lord, his character and phi-
lanthropy
Battersea, account of Lord Bolen-
broke’s house at ..,-
415
159
610
oe@eree
295
S17
pe rrcccesecreccves Q4D
123
303
500
396
386
140
97
Be-
ee ee ee ee ed
INDEX,
Be-Sitoon, Persia, rocky platform of 586,
Beadon, Dr. R. bisliop of Bath’ and ”
Wells, biographical hotice of...... 469.
Bedford. ‘and! Buckitighany, ‘anel be-"
tween the Dukes! Of? %e.see veces 466
jeounty meeting’ of, for par-
liamentary reformn’ ea teedeegers S79
Bells; @bservations oni +s eee 528
Bentham, Mr. his address to the Por-
tuguese’ COrteSic Hecate dese tdeeee 80
, on his code for univer-
sal, civil/and political freedom.... 447
Bewick, Mr. his observations on the
prevention of forgery «++++++.+.+- 293
Bilton-hall, the residence of Addison,
description of - oy sr ital
BiOGRAPHY, MODERN ++ee-+sese+-- 519
Birs Nimrood, description of the.... 599
Bizio, M. his observations on sag co-
louring matter of coffee. ..-.-+.++ 951
Blood-letting, moderate, on the power
of, in exciting the’ ee ei a 73
Bloomfield, Robert, his May-day wit
the Muses, reviewed etecvas epeves 420
Boilers and’ coppers, steam-engine, on
consuining the smoke from ‘the far-
maeds HF LOTTIE OF weseecee DS
Bombay, proccédings of the Literary
OCICLY. BL. oa galsveicte%e, ov sinie es pieienwa, (147
Bonaparte, Napoleon, his character,
surretider {o the Bellerophon, and
exile to St: Helena ++-+-+++.-++ 46, 97
————, on the manner or cause of
his death Ratboeocctste secavestae ID,
» on his enjoyments and re- 4
se veseeeeessaeoeresseeee ji),
, his last illness.. .-.see.ee- . 47
» lis “opmious on attempts
made by his friends for his return to
Europe «+ wsteferee eh eeceescsereses Ib,
his last nroments, ++++--++ ib,
* his Characteres-s+eeeseee 48
amiable conduct of Capt.
“Popbhetenth seer cceeesives eeee ib,
, on the manuscript “ Venu
de aaa ‘Hélene,” and his opinion
of Hsin eR Wis
+, wh the Variety of public opi-
verses
Pei Sect ceseccsess ID,
a
“Dion on his death--+-seeser-+-- ib,
—, his observations on the Em-
press'Resent Se ee ce pereties 49
his observations ‘on the.
French soldiery see eee eee ib,
+—, his observations ,on_ the
‘ five” ingrates to him, and on his
TEVETSES+ ose eee ene ees ee eee 50.
oétic lines’ by, on his son. ib.
m vanecdote oft forbeatane na
to resent personal injuries ++ +++».
5 his last festaniént ©... ia.
~, on his prosecution of Ma-
dame dé Stael -...- miatiesiy's essese
Maeiisations! eveated in Paris.
by his return from Elba-+++++ 9+ 162
) description vf his Person + - 398
, on his’ Letter to the Prince _
Regent
ott Wiieesees are eeeoee 3599
, place of his interment .-..° 53,
Bonapar te, Napoleon,, +his, plan,of es-()!
cape from the Rochefort. squadron; 400
Bolenbroke,. Lard, deseniption; of dais: cis!
House at Battersea sront te te 97-5, 398)
———.,, the., true chanacter, ofy)ij2
with str ictures on Archdeacon Coxe, 407
, additional remarks Onor4)= 15052
Books, on the circulation, of ++ Ȣ:e 951392
Boring, method of obtaining water-bys452
Boswell, Sir, Alexander, bart. duel. ber ini
tween, and Mr. James. Stuart, of)
Duncarn ers pee nee ene rage) OOD
Bourlions, on.the unpopularity of the 527
Brazil, Baron, Langsdorf’s obseryano:!D
tions on- ee eee esa we nyanpratranen OAD
Bremen, custom concerning interment )51i
AA meme ble yaa AGB
AL coesncrernarcnns
Briefs, church, impositions and .inuti,
lity of, exposed sees ameyae pase 306)
Brutus, lines on an unfinished bust-of,-
at Florence vtley stet) $791" dD
Bryant Mr. American poet, ; his;cha-
racter
Bullion, observations Ons «+49 -:-e00% # 198)
Bunyon, John, misyepresentations, ia.
Reid’s Anecdotes of, 5 -1n74+ 90% 200
Burchell, Mr. on his eA into. the,
interior Of Africas: 9% 45+ 420+ any 253)
Burke Mr. his motto,to, a publication 140.
» and the Whigs remarks on; 616)
Burns, statue erected to, at Edinburgh 479
Byng, Adm. account of the death of+ 1.613)
Byron Lord, his Sardanapalus,. a. tra-yo.
gedy, reviewed cee cecveecaeceseos 10.
, his Two Foscari, a.tragedys {oe
IE RSs © 0 or9 fae an weed -proacole *se td Dos
, his Mystery of Cain, re-{cd
viewed. «++ +++».
Cain, Mystery of, a drama, Lord By-10h
ron’s, review Of ++ +9 ¢*09-))-+++ 10
Cee eee el 8 8 Oa densa $15
cee meseendecess ib.
Cambridge, strictures on education.at_308..
» county meeting of, on the 4;
agricultural distress ¢°;+:5.5 284,380.
Campbell Dr. Letter of, to, Lord, Car3,;
GLOSS 0.2 veces s cme 00 9 ececed C0 ae O25.
Calais, history. Of occceccvevevecssns 45
Carey, George Saville, account of _»»426
Carlos, San, view ofa church at) -++-.106..
—— dwelling house....1b.
Canada, Lowery view, of the politics,
interests, and state of parties in «| ..493
Carriages, on, propelling, by steam. 56
Cartwright, Major, characteristic res.
warks OD, sot da nasi oss? aed ooe
Castor oil, on, the adyantages of, ap-
plied exte rnally, in complaints of
/ ‘children Pttain lt enee ee rerenee swe -556
Cater pillar,.. gooseberry, account of.
athe, and means, for, preventing its
: Favages - Daeseenenser tec eers +403, 505
Catullus, character of, as poet +-»+9+ +29
Champion, on the poetical recreations -
| Of the, 6 seg Ant tte ware see 139
Chatham, Lord, on Glovei’s enlogium:.
on SAAR pecan beens re eres cine ene 615
CHEMISTRY AND EXPERIMENTAL)
Pu IL QROBHK, REPORT, OF, 62; 158,
iif 250, 359, 459
Children,
INDEX.
Children, ‘on the consequerices of too
early instruction Ofs +6. v e+e eee O64 |
‘Commenrciat MonTuHEY | sardines
755/171; 2635 361;460, 557
Chinaj‘on ‘the conrts Of justice in++-- 218 | Constantinople and the Bosphorus, on
Chinesé, on attempts made by an in-
stitution ii ‘Ttaly, for’ conversion of
\ithe} to Christianity «#0. s7's's se eeee
Choke damp, Mr: Bartley on +.ee..
Cholera’ and ‘diarrhea, senda re-
marks ‘on’ We BUSES
Christians} 'the first, their use of sacred
Grama Feld. SP ewe. roe ecere
CifronoLouy OF THE MONTH, “81,
7271, 370, 466,
Chronewtetés, Mr. Barlow on «+--+.
Girele, on the quadrature of the ----
Circulativg inedinm, observations on
Cler kenwell, improved system of poor
management in’
Clive, Lord, ‘on the accusation of, and
results! 2/2 feweesseeeteosseseessye
Club, Kit Cat, ‘observations on--++--
, constitutional; formation of a, in
Somersetshire’:522+ssscccscecees 589
‘Clubs, books, and societies, plans of ++
Coal-minés, prevention of explosions in
Coffee, M. Bizio on the colouring mat-
ter OR UM GOTER AL Be. Se wisieliate
Colman, letter of Garrick to------ ++ 329
Ay ‘letter of, to Macklin
Colonies, observations on the policy
with revard to the
Cow-pox, Mr. Asbury’s plan of, esta-
blishing the efficacy of .. 2 ALS
CORRESPONDENTS, NOTICES TO, 96,
192, 288, 384, 576
Cossack, on the name of 2 426
Cowper, his residence at Weston © . 290
Coxe, Archdeacon, strictures on. his
Life of Walpole = + 407
Cuvier, M. his observations on the
heights of the chain of Himalaya .. 144
Customs, ancient, obseryations on +).
, indian, observationson ..138)
CRITICISM, CONTEMPORARY, .PHI-
LOSOPHY OF, 20, 127, 201, 320,411, 499
Creditors, alg, who and what are
80
thee - 499
Croton oil, on the utility ae. «59S
Crucibles, Mr. Charles Cameron.on a, ,
new method of forming. «63
Croup, remarks on the . _« 358
Dabney, Mr. American poet, charac-
ter of . 315
Damer, Daniel, characteristic ses
marks on »140
Dancing snakes of India, acconnt of 526
Davy, Sir Humphrey, his mode of re+
storing colour toancient MSS... 57
pe — » on magnetic
electricity ° » 242
» Mr. Edmund, his experiments
for detecting frauds in skimmed milk, 62
DEATHS, 83, 179, 273, 372, 467, 567
Debt, public, observations on the , # 99
Delft, blowing up ofa vessel with gun-; ;,
powder, and consequences, on the
canal of p 6 i b2d
Dionysius, ear of, at Syracuse OE
Disaster, an extraordinary, occasien-....,
ed by a whale F aah...
Diversions and games, on ancient Pos,
pular . 500
DivivEnns, List GF, 76, 175, 265,.563,
462,599
Documents found inthe Bastille, ac-__
count of, with translations of them, _
and anecdotes ’ «386
Dolgelly, entertainments, at, at assize
time - 113
Drama AND ‘NEw Music, 71, 168, 259,
] 349, 457, 546
Duelling, on the discordant ‘aegen
respecting
Dung, on the application of, to wheat
crops + 141
Dutens, Rev. Louis, ill- natured cha-
racter of ° °
- 528
INDEX
Ear, on the diseases ofthe ©) 1) £0342
Eastburn, Mr. Sesnacrvan poet, charac
ter of oil) a sy19ago .19A "292805
ECCLEStASTICAL silkepeiaees 865" 182, }
11 9980,/974/470
Eclipse, history, of the celebrated race’:
horse 1304
Economy; \ruraly and horses, Count :
Veltheim on +! 294
Edinburgh, statue érectedito Burns; ati479
Electieity, magnetic, Sir Humplirey
Davy on .
Emigration, Germany to America; res
marks on .
Employment, on the modes of, for va-
‘rious Classes.
England, on the complaints of bad
weather i in 6 5
English, on their manner of ependivg
Sunday: ©. : 3 3
Folus, writings of :
Epitaph, Turkish, description ofan 221
Eri, observations‘on Mr, O'Connor’s
242
234
Chronicles of ‘ ° 151, 547
—,' Chronicles of Fy » 646
‘laws of F + 655
Este, ‘Rev. Mr. characteristic: observa
tions on . A 158
Esther, tomb of . é . 584
and« Mordecai, Hebrew in-
scription of a marble slab in the se-
pulchre of .
Euphrates, description of the 592,
y description of Al Hymer,
on the eastern shore of. - 6
Eve:smann, Dr. his letter written on
the banksiof the rivers Szir and the
Kuwane
Exerescence, corncous, sipular case
of, in the humansubject >
Daeter, meeting of land owners and
eecupias, at . .
Explosions, incoal mines, prevention
of if .
Extraction Sew ish, proofs of ‘the Per-
sian sovereigns’ from Cyrus to. Da-
rius IIT. x - 400
Faith, public, observations on 2104
Farady, Mr, his experiments on-elec-
tro-magnetical motions Hsege . VLises
FareysMr.con the istrata cof roofing i
slate i Carnarvonshire. . v 250
Felt, adhesive, descripuon of 159!
Pever, on the: remedial demands) of :.170
Fevers; observations on. ons 458)
Figs, Mr. Sabine omilre euldivatisnnol)
on back walls/ofiwineriesoos .o11ip1g59l
Fire-damp; Mr,:Bavtley ona #07 ,-—~.-3500
Fits, on the freatmentof E - 261
Flower buds, on ‘thecitions manner ot
of their passing from: layeroto layér 197!
Flenr-mill npon a news construc iin,
accgniitsofigq scli wo .O walk oil? ,esengll)
Forgery, Mr. Bewick ou ‘the SSG of
tion Ofies: fi. > .engg3i
Fenjana, the abbe Felice, his disceves”
ries relativeto the:abyet ptlonof aii 426
France, oir setencé in. : wad
J
aa on the politi al
j
Prantl} a péace-soc tcl aa Ae in” 60
£4\0F, Leen
-———-—, (the Vero tat® a) Ai shah
,on the causes oF the! ievoti
tion dg iail ot o von SYSISS
+, famine i in, in 1817, ag eons! *°
IBVBIL « UP ¥g9
quenéés™” -e
fio
Francis, Dr. suggestions. that he ay:
have been Junius 2 e a
Freneh mamners, obpersia lense 200ihs 27
Galdi Matteo, ‘biographital sl of B19
Galileo, his abjuration “1°20 * >! 10 5
po.
Games and diversions, ‘on’ a
pular me e300
Garrick, letter of, to Colma” mistisio45
Gay, letterof 2" esolnoeiiM 1 $0
George I. his superstition ott} 40 oe
IT. 'singularlettet of the fi ead
chess of Queensberry to JO SP 8°"
state of parties at'the’ atte &
of: 8% - 508
ILI. insti bs By; Vata UGE sad
to a jonrnéy to ‘Weymouth 9° 824 4
LV. favoutitee bmx? eo sihig 527,
Georgia, Persia) &e! extraets from’ Sir”
Robert Ker Porters Travels, m0" 577,
Germany, on ntarriage with ‘thie? tet
hand, if HOOT & DYE
Gibbon’s: Ronian history, reniarks, on 109"
GLEANER, THE ORIENTAL” 8
Gorhambury, view ‘and uegjaP Oris ,
the residence of Lotd Bacon"? « 8 85!
Government, free, Rousseau's ébsers
vations on causa
scription of 19149
Kermarshah, Persia, valley of. S587
King, — patriot,’ Lord Bolingbroke’s
delineation of a 16 Yves
Kings, on the duties of) ><: 465
Knight, Mr. T. A. on the propagation
of varieties of the walnut-tree by
budding :
Labourers, British, agricuitural and
manufacturing, account of meeting
held. at the City of London tavern,
on Mr. Owen’s plan for the relief
of ’ « 466
| Lalande M. de, his scientific labours
in the country of the Hottentots
+ 240
and Caffraria . f 4145
395 | Landed interest, extraordinary report
of the committee of Parliament/on. 564
216 | Langsdorf, Baron, his observations on,»
Brazil . . ~ 513
61 Language; on purifying ° 445
» Saxon, practical observa-
3 filines on the study of i 61312
303:| Languages and dialects, Adelung’s
406 survey of all known ° 11§99
566 | Latin and Greek, observations on —.-527
Le Francois, Madame, astronomer,
- 617 account of © « 45
Lawrence, Mr. his retractation insud.3§42
- 205 | Laws, poor, new system of, proposed
by Common Sense . 41289
25 | ——, usury, observations on:the > SAT
Leeds, society of arts formed ate: (2 569
429 | LEGISLATION, BRITISH, 64,° 160, 252,
270 350,’ 4535 534
366 | Legislative power, observations on . 105
589| Legitimacy, on the abuse of power by 143
Leicester, public meeting. of ‘the ho-
17 siers and manufacturers of tf e377
Leicestershire, publicaneeting of the!
497 agricultarists of - aoib,
288 } Liberty, Spanish song of a «10
Lime; ‘slaked, .on'the use of, in. vege~
318 tation 2 415
498)| Lincoln, public meeting of the coullty
of, for seduction of taxation, + 577
494) Literary Magazine, French,:published
579 in London; observations on 6,75
393 | Literature, ancientlycetm of 29; 226
3li| = » FORELGN, NOVELTIES OF,
40, 233, 332, 429, 529
6 Londeus view of Newton's house in , 481
Louis XV1.some particulars connect-
297 ed with -hisiexecution © oo) +582
, Lueas, the Rev. C. on the prevailing
iA 25 practice of sinony ~ + 508
‘| Lyons, curious. MSS, in the grand li-
56 brary of: + 515
298 | Macklin, letter of Colman to vi 6 S89
Magnetism, Professor Hansteim’s ob-
- 157 servations on » 459
Manchester,
INDEX, cs
Manchester, proceedings of the lite-
rary and philosophical society of . 4
Murats, the two, account of — . . 44
Marble, on a live toad tound imbed-
ded in °
Marlborough, letters of Sarah, ducliess
of « 40
Marriages, Lonnon, "82, 178, 273, 370,
467, 567
Marvel Andrew, account of — . « 143
» his observations on
government and the English con-
61
stitution . - 145
Maskelyne Dr. letter of . + 529
Mass, virtues of the . + 328
Matter, on the attraction of . «(S41
Maxwell, Mr. American poet, charac-
terof. + 315
May-day with the Muses, Bloomfield’ Sy
review of < « 420
— games, observations on . « 501
Measles, on the management of .- « 458
Mepicat Report . 72,170, 261, 358,
458, 556
Melcombe, Lord, letter of . +. 332
Miracles, observations on Rn 07223
Mirza Mahmoud Ali, account of . . 588
Mohammed. Sidy, emperor of Mor-
rocco, original letter of Washington to 140
Monarchy, observations on . + 102
» how founded . 506
Moors, conceit of the, with regard to
Spain
Mordecai and Esther, Hebrew i inscrip-
tion on a marble slab in the sepul-
« 428
chre of x - 585
Morean, General, characteristic re-
marks on A + 143
Motions, electro maxnetical, Mr.
Faraday's experiments on, .
Motion, proposednewlawsof . ,
Mountains, Mr, Smith, on ascertain-
ing the heights of B
MSS. ancient, Sir Humphrey Davy. on
restoring colour to “ yi DM
Miller, Dr. hiis observations on the ac-
tual condition of the Ionian Islands
Murat, some account of : » 620
Murphy, Arthur, remarkson— . - 141
Musaus, his pectical character, and
on his Hero and Leander. 226
Museum, British, arrivals of Egy ptian
statnar y at . .
Music, New, AND THE DRAMA... 74,
168, 259, $49, 456, 546
Napoleon, his surrender to the English, ;
squadron. described 5 » BOF
his attachment to Ossian. .. 4¥5
in Exile, Mr, O’Meara’s ex-
45
tracts from 2 + 618
—— —— on the treatment of. . - ib,
-——— characteristic observations on 619
—-—— hishouse at Longwood . ib,
—— his first residence at St.
Helena : - 620
es his opinion of Miss Williams’
“Present State of France” ~ | ah.
—
his habits s - ib
his remarks on St. Helena 621
oe
Napoleon, his opinion of ifapten
Cockburn . ; - 621
observations. ‘on’ fee
taking . . ib,
— — his remarks on chronometers: ib,
~—-—— his bed-room y ~, + 622
—~—— _ his observations on the Boe
vernor.of St. Helena. . abe
his opinion of General Moore 625
——— his opinion of Ad. Villeneuve 624 -
——— his remedy in case of’ illness eb.
—_—_—_— his .
— his anticipations © . © 4a.
———— his habits 3 + 625 —
-——-, atrocious plot against .~.- ib.
— » Hobhouse’s book, sent by its
author to ° mab.
Leslie’s air-pump accepted by 626
——~—-—— his quarrel with Lowe |.) sib.
—-— his opinion of the king of
Prussia + 627
— — his remarks on the Bourbons 628
———— his opinion of Soult evrib.
his plans . « 629
——— his detanus . eth.
——— his repinings . 630; 645
———— his servants’ fidelity A198.
———— his title of emperor + 631
his creations o! yiiieb,
his health : 382
his proposals against Algiers the
on the state of Englatid * the
our armyand navy ¢ 51633
his remarks on the battle: of
Waterloo : . his opinion of England and
its. policy sii ib.
ree, Sir T. Reade’s expressions
against - 644
, his opinion of the prospects
of France > ib.
—-——, his account of the death of
Moreau . ib.
——, his prospect of death 645
Nature, on the latent principles of . ib,
Negro: trade, observations on the . 336
Nello Pietro, of Sienna, account of . 393
Nelson, Lord, Neate of, relative to
privateers - 45
Newfoundland, on the trade of, at
»Narious periods % - 155
Newgate, number of persons commit:
‘ted to, and disposal of them in 1821 156
Newspapers, London, on the favour-
litism given to some of the, and
‘Games and number of : - 433
Newton, view of his house in London 481
Ney, Marshall, some account of . . 620
Nicholls, John, late M.P. character-
istic remarks on - 138
- — extracts from his Recol-
‘ectionsand Reflections - + 612
Niemeyer’s travels, observations on 145
Norfolk Fox dinner, observations of
‘the Duke of Sussex atthe . - 78
- county, meeting of, on agri-
cultural distress~ . - 93
Norway, Lieut. O. J, Hagelstam’ 8
statistical account of A ae
Oatlands, description of 44.
Obelisk, Egyptian, brought from the
island of Philz, version of the - 156
OccuRRENCEs, PROVINCIAL . 86, 182,
280, 375, 471, 569
O'Connor Mr. observations on_ his
Chronicles of Eri 4 . 547
O'Meara Mr. extracts from his
Napoleon in Exile ° - 618
Old Man, anecdotes of an, now living,
born in the reign of James the
Second 6
Onions, Mr. Wedgwood, on the culti-
vation of + 241
Onslow Arthur, odd custom, of em-
ploying time after the cares of office’
Optasaings dreadful extent of, among
captured negroes on shipboard | . 337
Oswald, American Hed tes account of 425
Ossian, on the’ anthenticity of the
poems of -
Oxford, extraordinary power assumed
at, of searching houses ,
Papyri on the, found in Herculaneum
Parliaments, on the power of . . 410
PARNASSUS, NEws FROM 10, 159, 212,
. $13, 420
39
341
Monrutry Mac, No, 370.
Patriots, Neapolitan, observations on
the 5 « 519
Paris, sensations created i in, at the re-
turn of Bonaparte from Elba . . 162
PATENTS, NEw, 53, 149, 242, 347,442, 535
Paulding, Mr. American poet, his
character 5 E « 315
Pella, description of ~ wiih
Persia, a sacred village in i ed
aspect of the country of . 581
agriculture of the peasantry of 582
Persian character, observationson . 579
fruit, description of ~—. - 581
Persians, observations on the . - 336
Persian sovereigns, from Cyrus, to
Darius III. proofs of their Jewish
extraction . - 400
Persians, modern, and Turks, com-
parison of - 502
Philosophy, the new mechanical, pro-
posed new laws of motion in ac-
cordance with thie = - 419
Physician, Russian, tomb of a, at
Hythe . - 406
Piedmont, on the late’ revolutions and
present ‘condition of « 482
Pignotti Lorenzo, on the character and
works of ‘ 2 . 116
Pierpont, Mr. American poet, ex-
tracts from his “ Airs of Palestine,” 314
PoETRY, ORIGINAL, 37,135,326, 424,524
Poqueville M, his recent tour from
Thessalonica to Pella - . 129
Pope, hemistich on the . - 45
Perlier, original particulars of _. . *11
Poland, ontheadvance of literature in 332
Poor, management in Clerkenwell, on
the improved system of Z « 485
—— on the employment of, in work-
houses 5 » 486
Pope, Mr. Taylor on a plagiarism of 414
Population and supply, on regulating
the relation between : - 161
onthe increaseof ... . 203
Portal, Baron, his official report on
the state of French Guiana, . ... 28
Porter, Sir Robert, extracts from his
travels in Georgia, &e. . + 577
Portugal, Cortes of, on their, enlight-
ened policy —. 79
Poverty, plan of self:provision
against - 104
Power, on the abuse of, by legitimacy 143
Predestination, observations. ON! 4). », 202
Press, on the gentlemen of the . . 428
-——, on the character of the: lege 345
Preston, Lancashire, melaneholy acci-
dentat => + 472
Privateers, letter of Lord Nelson re-
~ lative to . 45
Propertius, character of, as poet. ay 29
PUBLICATIONS, New List oF 65, 161,
253, 340,454, 547
Quaker, the Fair, further details rela-
tive to - 517
Queensberry, duchess of, patroness of
Gay, herspirited lettertoGeorgeII. 42
Quiroga, original particulars of =. *11
4 Ravages
INDE xX.;
Ravages of tle gooseberry,caterpillar,
means of preventing the, o '4 feng sui 403
Reid's. anecdotes ,of ,Johow, Bunyon,,
misrepresentations ins): jo- eu) \o #209
Rein-deer, , of, Lapland, brought to
Iingland, description.of,.) .» - 157
Religion, true, ,»mannen, of determin:
ing it . * 2 139
Review, Quarterly, remarks on 20,201,414
- Edinburgh ‘ » 129
——, Retrospective A - 323,492
Revolution, French, how far philo- |
sophy. was concerned with the - 203
Rheumatism,,.on) the. causes of and
‘remedies for 108 F - 170
Rhinoceros, Sir Edward Home’s ob-
servations on the 2 3 2 242
Ridgway’s, literary lounge at. .
Ricgo, original particularsof —« 19
Rio Janeiro, observationson. + 512
Roads, unnecessary, on the Act for
stopping up . . + 204
Robbers, ingenious, account of . . 138
Robinson, Mrs, and General Tarleton,
account of : rig 28 « 527
Rock slate, live turtle foundina . 61
Roman history, Gibbons, critical re-
marks on ° . - 109
Rootsey, Mr. his communication of
Capt. Bayne’s route across the
northern desert of Arabia eke
Rose-bud, ancient description of the 216
Ross, Mr. his method of forcing
asparagus . ° :
Rousseau, M. his observations on free
government . . .
Russell, Lord William, observations
on the life of ; ° - 216
Russia, new monthly literary journal
in English and French, published
in, account of > « 545
———’', extraordinary hail-storm in ©. 357
Russians, on the personal condition
of the ‘ < ;
Sardanapalus,a tragedy, LordByron’s,
review of and extracts from. :
Scarlett, Mr, remarks en his Poor
Bill ° : » 128
Schiller, on his intellectual system . 25
———, conclusion of the analysis of
the worksiof ‘ . 800, 402
Scio, massacres at, by the Turks... 563
Scotland, on the judicial, administra-
tion of. « . «129
Scutellaria Laterifolia, a remedy for
hydrophobia ‘ i - 61
Sea monster, account of a R
Seamen,: on: improveménts: i the
health of . m + 489
Selden, his birth place, at Salvington 193
Senegal, notice relative! to the French
establishment in : - 146
Searching houses, extraordinary po wer
assumed at Oxford of ° « 401
Sesostris, writings of 9. . « 649
‘ Shepperton, Middlesex, descriptionof 43
Sheridan, observations on ‘ - 5a
Ships, on the improved condition of 514
- 158
537
142
201
Slave trade, on the, enormous exten
Siberia, and. Tartary, on, the dialects ,
| , of, and means of extending our. com-.
EONS:
merce tay. hyn is'1909
Simony, the Rev. C. Lucas on t a pre-
vailing, practice of
iti ¥v 59308
Cea
‘Skimmed) milk, Mr, Edmund Davy 00
detection of frauds practised in .,....,,,62
arnarvonshire
TULSA
‘Slate, rooffing, Mr. Farey, on strata.im,
Lived
vr ahaa : saod } pare.
——, horrors of the, .., \. 338
‘Small-pox, Mr. Asbury’s plan for,'ex-
terminating the natural, .:, | ...;41
Smith, Mr. Enort, on larch bark ©... 317
——, Mr. on ascertaining, the heights...
of mountains , «,.)),,.4...% 5
Smoke, on the combustion of _
SOCIETIES, PUBLIC, PROCEEDINGS
OF é 144, 239, 336, 439,537
Society, British Union, objects of ,. ,,185
for the Suppression, of , Vice,
observations on : - 456
Societies and book-clubs, plans.of _ . 488
Somerset, extracts from, the MS. Iet-.
ters of the good duchess of, to Miss
Catherine Talbot ; + 356
Song, national, observations on «222
Southey, Mr. on the empirical metre
of his “* Vision of Judgment” 9 296
Southwell, Robert, jesuit, on his poe-,,
tical productions. . 325,465, .561
Spain, political condition of yogic
—— , on the English jury system in-.,.;
troduced into . ° *
Statuary, Egyptian, arrivals of, at the.
Museum < . a 45
Stael, Madame de, on her works, and
character . . 4 + 128
Staffordshire, riots by the miners, of + 474
Steam, on propelling carriages by _..._56
vessels, on the advantages of ., 539
STEPHENSIANA 39, 138, 326, 425, 525
Stickleback, habits of the fish called
. 229
the ‘ . - . 406
Stnart, Mr. duel between, and Sir
Alexander Boswell, bart. - 583
STUDENT, THE GERMAN, 25, 124, 300, 402
Suicides, number of, in’ ten years, in
the city and liberty of Westminster, 59
Sunday, of the manner of spending,
by the English . . 125
Superstition, instances of. . 142
Susa, description of the ruins. of |) 612
Sussex, the Duke of,, his observations
at the late Norfolk fox dinner’, 78
Syracuse, description ofthe city of, 32
, street of tombs at . 34
~, eat of Dionysius at ye OD
Supper harvest, observations on j« 500
Swansea;on improvement in the:cop-
per works,of 5 + 459, 359
Sweden and Norway, Lieut..O, J. Ha-
gelstam’s statistical account of... 309
Switzerland, on the increase of mu-
tual instruction in » 250
Tathem, Mr..on the minimum of the
barometer at different periods eal
Taxes,
INDEX.
Taxes, assessed, on the mischiefs and
oppressions of the 2311
Tarleton, General, and Mrs, Robin-
n, account of < S27
Tartary and Siberia, On| tlie dialects °
of, ahd means ‘of extending our com
merce to 24
Fagan jinmoderate, ‘observations
- 618
Tayldes hr. “harks oa plagia-
tismof Pope . . 414
Temple, ear in 1756, character of,
y Lord Waldegrave . 615
elwall, Mr. characteristic remarks
‘on > . 135
Tigre description of the. - 592
Tinos, island, description of . 496
Thessalonica, M. a Site recent
tour from, to Pella ~ . 129
Thieving, lines iv praise of the noble
art of - . 394
Tibullas, character of ———g
‘imectou, original account of - 388
Tithes, observations ou . 520
Toad,a Jive, found embedded i in mar-
bee. 5 . 61
Tobacco, on the virtuesof . . 261
Youlmiu, Mr. his remarks om the lan-
guage of the Clioctaw Indians « 205
Tournesol, or sun-flower, on the cul-
ture of the . ; . 142
Tradesmen, young, golden rules for,
by Common Sense - 516
Trotter, Dr. his remarks on naval his-
tory - 489
Turkey, original ‘letters from. 9, 111
, political affairsof . - 563
, Von Hammer on the actual
‘state of - 332
‘Turks and modern Persians compared 502
, observationson . » 335
Turtle, a live; found ina slate rock . 61
Turkish army of contingents, descrip-
tion of . ° . 200
horse, observations on the . 295
Two Foseari,a tragedy, Lord Byron’
reviewed 10
Tylev, Wat, his house at Dartford’. 140
Unitarian sect, observations on the . 552
United States, value of books printed
in, yearly J - 546
, census of the + 270
——.,, President’s message to
the House of Representatives, on
recognition of the South American
republics : 568
WVaccifiation, a revision of, advised!> Mr. Sabine’s method of con-
veying, to plants in houses + 259
Walnut tree, Mr. T. A. Knight, on
propagation of varieties sof the, by
budding . : > 240
Walpole, on his rancorous opposition
to Bolinbroke . - 407
Walton, Middlesex, description of se-
veral villas and houses in and about 42
Washington, original letter of, toSidy
Mohammed, emperor of Morocco . 140
_ Visit to ° - 477
Waters, on the analysis of . . 419
Welch, on the manners of the + 113
Wesley, Mr., Mr. Jennings on the pre-
varication ‘of - 297
Western, Charles Collis, anecdote rez
specting - 526
West India Islands, ‘venlarke dn the .527
Westminster meeting, petition to the
House of Commons, at the late. 268
Weston, Cooper’s residence at - 290
Weybridge, scenery about’ . « 43
Wedgwood, Mr. on the cultivation of
onions » 241
Weymouth, instructions of George IH.
relative to ajourney to . AZ
Whale, extraordinary disaster occa-
sioned by a . «| 62
Wheat crops, on the application of
dung to 141
Whigs, the, and Mr. Burke, observa-
tions on : + 616
William TIL. character of ©. ~~ 613
Williams, David, observations‘on ~. 138
; Miss, 'Bonaparte’s opinion
of her “* Present State of France,” 620
Window tax, observatious on the ©. 51¢
Winds, pestilential; account of | |. 589
Witchcraft, observations on 1495 -
Wood, on the increase of >. + 156
» Mr. Wedescription of his ad-
hesive felt : #159
+, Mry Alderman, serviee of plate
presented to;! for lis conduct to the
late Queen . + 467
Year,’ mew, ‘old ‘customs connected
» with « 501
Yorkshire, geological phenomena dis.
covered in . + 261
INDEX
EEE eee
INDEX To THE NAMES or LIVING AUTHORS, AND ommEn, PERSONS,
: inp THIs 53d VOLUME;
Aberdeen, earl of
553
Abernethy, J. F.R.s.
69
Adams, Capt. J.
Aikin, Miss 161,165
Allan, J. H. 152, 346
Andrews, Rev. B.
355
Armstrong, W, H.
70
Ashdowne, J. 453
Atherstone, E. 346
Atkinson, J. | 165
Bamford,Rey.R.W,
248, 452
Barclay, J. M.D.
166, 346
Barton, B. 258, 344
Batten, Rey. J. H.
D.D. 167
Banim, Mr. J. 450
454
Ball, E. 69, 255
Barrow, Mr. 540
Barlow, J. 69
Bellamy,J. 547, 354
Bellendan, J. 166
Benston, Rev. C.
347
Bellchambers, E.
451
Birens, Rev. F. 58
Bentham, J. 169,
447, 454
Birbeck, M. 69
Bigelow, J. M.D.
453
Bird, J. 153
Black, J. 154
Bland, Judge 554
Blackford, Mrs. 68
Bloomfield, R. 454
Blomfield, Rey.
E. V. 257
> Rev. J. 258
Brady, J. H. 156
Brewster,D. LL.D.
258, 353
Brodgens, R, 154
Broadhurst, Rey. T.
257.
Browne, M.P. 166
Brown, Mr. R, 59
» Capt. 257
Brooke, A. de C,
541
Brookes, S$. 346
Bruce, J. 257,
Burder, Rev.'S. 155
»H.F. 249
Burrow, Rev. G. J.
D.D. 70,555
’
—__>—
Burchell, W. J..168 Dayle, W. 167
453 Dennis, J: 1248)
Burton, Rey. E.. De» Renzy, Capt.
68,257 155,554
Butler,S. D.D.257 Dibdin, Rev.:T. Fi
, C. 346, 443 353, 553
Button,J. F.S.A.69 Dillon, Lord 154
Busby, Mr. 438, 451
Bythewood, W. M.
155
Carrington, N, T.
346
Canon,A.R. 165
Carson, J. M.D.
452, 458
Cailland, M. 60
Campbell, H. 151,
340
, Rev. J. 256
Carey, Dr. 247
Cember, W.T. 258
Children, Mr. 56
Chambers, Mr. 153
Chalmers, T. D,D.
555
Clark, Rev. J. 69
Kicclg hs: Maer
Cochrane, Mr. 59
Coneybeare, . Rev.
435
Colquhoun, J.D.D.
70
Conner, W. T. 258
Cooke, W. 70
Cooke, J. M.D. 166
Cornwall, Baroni52
Cottingham, L.N.
451
Cox, Rev. Arch. 70
Crook, Mr, W. H.
356
Croley, Rev. G. 247,
345, 540
Cropper, J. 258
Crabb, Mr. 58
Curtis,S. F.L.S.165
—, J. H. 257
Cumberland, Olive,
princess of | 545
Cunningham, A. 259
438, 454
— , Rev. J.W.455
Cunninghame, W.
455
Dacier,.P, 257
Danby, W. 554
Daniell, W. R.A, 55
Darley, G #345, 548
Davis, J. 555
—, J. F. F.R.S,.
552, 554
Davy, Sir He” _ 57
Dawson, T. 247
9
+
Donald, R. 345,451
Douglas, J. 453)
Dowson, E. 165
Drakard, Mr. 152
Drake,N. M.D. 153)
Dunbar, Professor,
436.
Dunglison, R. 54
Dunlop, Mr.435,45%
Durant, Rey. T.
57, 451
Edgworth, Miss 257
Edmeston, J... 246
Edwards,Syd.F.L.S
69
Elliott, M. 344
Evans, G.W.71, 164
— _,J. LL.D. 255
—., Ar. A.M. 555
Farmer, Mr. . 247
Farr, W. 237
Ferrier, R. 454
Field, Rev. W, 552
Fielding, G, 452
Finch, Rev. T.. 59,
152, 257, 346
Fitch, J. 165
Fitzgerald,G. 70
Fletcher, J.A.M.167
Fleming, J. D.D.
555
Flower, R. 69
Forden, E. A. 454
Ford, Rev. D. E. 59
Forsyth, J.S. 458
Franklin, W. T. 165
Franks, Rev. J.C.
M.A, 70
French, D. 254
Gage, J. 247
Gamba, M. 249
Garden, W. 452
Gardiner, W. 166
Gill, Mr. 58
Gisborne, Rev. Mr.
450, 593
Glenn, Rev. J. 347,
455
Glenbervie, Lord,
167
Goethe,J. W. de 345
Gourley, R,.., 346
Greville, R.H.
F.R.S., 553
Griffith, Mr. 56
Guisse, Rev. J. 555
vu .-—-
4 We ¥ - j
Gwilt; Je son B5Z
Haigh, T. A.M. 553
Halliday, T. 19452
Hall, Mi 166
=, Mr.f eyo Rae
Hamilton, Bs M.D;
58;.846
-, Ru D.166-
Hamper; Mr. 542
Hanbury, Rev. Ba:
VA Bat
Hardiman, Ji 1h25?
Harvey, D. W. 258,
MT lo h84g
—, Je ib.
Harris, Rev. W..70
Heathfield; R.. 258
Hedge, Hon. M, A.
166
Hennah, Revo R.
Mi ny
Herbert,” Rev. W ‘
d 69, 2575346
Highmore, Mr..'438
Hill, J. 5 .166
Hichener, Mists iE!
‘i 67
Hindmarsh, Robt.!
1.3) 65
Hofland, Miss" 455,
550
» Mrs. 463
Hogg, 7, 154, 436,
Holman, J.. ¢9 9555
Holden, Rey. G.
Hollingsworth, Rev.
Home, Sir Es 957)
Hopkins, Mr.. 544
Howard, G. 165
Horsfield, T. M.D.
455
——., Rev. T. 540
Haghes, J..:A.M.
247, 455
Hunt, Sir A. de. V.
846, 452
Hutton, Miss C. 65,
mp ipad
Hutchinson, Rev. J.
553
Impey, E. Be. 4358
Ireland, Mr. 162
iW. H. 167,
248, 346
Irving, Dr. (487,
552
——, Washington,
548
Jackson,T. 154,452
Famnes, Rev. J. A..
454
Jamieson,
Jamieson, R. A.M.
“9 °69;542) 452
, Mrs. 346,
Jay, Rev. W. 542
Jefferson, Rev. ~The
Lit 5i
Jemer, E.; M.D.
166, 254
Jeffreys, J.i5 453
Jennings, Mr. 356
Jonesy Rev. J. 66
——~, Jos. M.D.346
Johnston; Mae 554
Judah; B. Hs 549
Kelly, R.N. 554
Kendrick, BLT.C.
165
Kenrick, Rev. J. 59
Kent, J. Ki 167,438
Keyworth T, and
D. Jones 248
Kaiglt, W.B. A.M.
154, 347
Kruse, Pe
Laisne, M. 156,545
Landseer, Mro0152
Lardner,Rev.D.153
Le» Bass, Rev. C.
oW. A.M. 347
LeBlanc, M.
Lefanu, Miss 454
Lettice, J.D.D. 70
Lewis, Mr. 436, 554
Le Breton, Ts 167
Le Mesurier, Rev.
®. 554
Lenant, A. 246
Bindley, J. F.LS.
69
Linley, G.E. 554
Litchfield, T: 166
Lioyd, B. D.D. 454
Leaman, V. 453
Lowe, Mr. 540, 555
Loudon, J. C... 535
Luby, Miss 258
Lynch, J. 166
Macann, F. 453
M‘Chronicle, Ron.
258
Mec. Dermot — 166
Mac, Henry, L.J.A
1355
Mackenzie, H. 57,
345
ee—, C.69, 453
Maclaren,C. 345
Macawley, Miss 553
Mc. Nally,Mrs. 554
Maillard, M. 257
Mantell; G. PsbS.
246, 446, 540
Maltby, E. 347, 452
Marshall, Lieut. 57
Marvyatt, , Capt. 346
Martin, W. 70
Mayow, Rev. R. W.
247
27.
INDEX.
Mason, W.S.
»ALS,
Melmoth,Mr. 99
Meyrick, Dr.» 354
Millman, Rev. H-H.
182,155,450, 452
164,
258
546
Miller, J. 247
Mills, J. 66
Mills, €. 153
Mitchell, 'T. A.M.
257, 452
Montgomery, Mr.
434, 552, 554
Moore, T. 448
Morrison, Rev. Dr.
R. 168
Morgan, Sir Charles
453
Moysey, Charles
Abel, D.D. 454
Mountain, J. H. B.
454
Nares, E. D.D.
err, Rev. R. 553
Nash, F. 69
Nathan, Mrs. 166
Nelson, Mr. 545
Newell, Rev. R. H.
: 455
Nicholls, J. 346
,FS.A. 553
Nicholson,Mr.P.56,
161, 166, 548, 553
Noel and La Place,
Messrs. 155, 342,
345
Nolan, Rev. F. 70
O'Connor, 151, 247,
353, 547, 553
O’Donnoghue,
Rev. H.C,
O'Meara, Mr.
541
540,
553
Opie, Mrs.153, 166,
451
Orme, W. 540
Otley, W. ¥. 452
QOuiseau, J. 553,
Oveston, Mr. 155
Palin, R. M.D.
154, 452
Park, J. R. M.D.
453
Partington, C. -F.
554
Pearson, J. F.R.S.
165
——~, Rev. H. D.D.
"259
Penn, Granville 69
Peter, Ww. 70
Phillips, H. 166
J Chas. 248
, W. 435
Picquot, A. 165
Pilgrim, ET) 256
Pipe,Gen. W. 70
Place, F._ 161, 167
Playfair,J. F. H28.59
Pontey, Mr. 541
Pope, C.M. 69
Porter, Sir R! K.
435, 550, 555
Potter, N. "M.D.453
Pouqueville, F.C.H,
259
Poynet,J.M.D. 166
Pradt, Abbé de 347
—, Miss A.M.435
Price,Rees,M.D. 68
Prichard,J.m.D 166
Price, R, M.D. 252
Pront, T. M.D. 457
Prowett,Rev.J. 167
435, 559, 555
Pugin, A. 452
Pullen, P.H. © 553
Quanti, Q. 554
Rackzynski, Count
E. 357
Ranken, Rev. A.
D.D. 257, 347
Rattenbury, J. H.
167
Rennell, Rev. T. 454
Rees, T. LL.D. 959
—,J. 438, 555
Rhodes, Mr. 4.38
Ricardo, D, 347
Richardson, R.
M.D. 455
Robinson, F. P. 164
»J-H. 451
» Rev. H.553
Roche, Dr. H. 153
Roberts, W. J. 545
Rolandi, G. 165
Rondeau, J. 147
Roscoe,Mr. 540,452
Rose, W. S. 153
Rudge, Rev.Dr. 545
Rutland,duke of 446
— , Duchess of 455
Salisbury,W. 451
Sandford, Dr. K.
258, 345
Santagnello, M. 165
Schimmelpenninck,
Mr. 355, 555
Schmidtmeyer, P.
555
Schultes,H. 346
Scott, Sir Walter,
65, 152, 548
—., Miss 458
"Rev. R.542,553
Séamarelia, M. "950
Searle, Rev. T. 542
Sherwood, Mrs. 69
Simond, L.-} 4
= 5S. 555
Smith, J. 24;
——, A.’ 347
—,P. 167
Sinnett, EL. 150
Southey, R. 154,532
554
Sowerby, Mr. .356
Spalding, Dr. L.. 61
Spence, Miss, 155,
166, 342
——, W. 353, 454
Spix_and Martius,
MM. 250
Stewart, Dr.”
Stanhope, L.S. 69
> Earl 167
Stanton,SirG.T.258
Stothard,C. 435
Strong, T.L. B.D. 70
Sturgeon, L. 163
Sweet, FL.L.S. 59
Taylor,T.68,353,540
—, W. 165
—,Rev.I. 247
—~ B52
ae, J. 458
Tebbs,H.V. 454
Tennant, W. 166
Thackeray, Rev.
F. 454
‘Thelwall, Mr.. 434
Thomas, J. P. 57,
155, 166
»Rob. M.D. 452
Preahy a: M.D.257
——, AT. FiL.s. 452
Thouin, M.° 60:
‘Thurlow, Lord. 155,
167, 554
Tilloch, A. 154
‘Titsingh, M. ra
'Tredgold, Mr.
, 247, sa
Trist, Rey. G. 455
Tulket, M. 165
Turner, Mr. D. 247
Tytler, R. M.D,
166, 554
ae Ss, F.R, S. 454
Waddington,G.341,
p 347
——_,'8.. 346
Wainwright, J. 247
Walpole, H.° 554
Walond,Rey.R, 167
Waller, "JA "448
Ward, W. T.. 453
Walker, J. 553
Waits, A 353
Webster, J. M.D.
Welby, A... 71, 164
Western, C.C. M.P.
70,167
Whately, R.A, M555
Whitaker, T. D.
LL.D, 70
White, W. H, 165
»W. 257
Wilks, 7 . 70
——, Rev,S. C. 353
Wilkinson, T. H.
257, 454
Wild,
Wild, C. 345
Wix, Kev. 5. 167
Wilkins,Rev.G. 346
Wilson, Walter 354
Woodforde,J. M.D.
166, 257
INDEX.
Woolgar, Rev. J.W.
Pe 540
Wooddeson, R. 155
Woods, J. 154, 347
Woodsworth, W.
247, 436
Woodsworth, H.
343, 347
Worsdale, sen. 542
Whight,Mrs. 68,346
—, Rev. G. N.
345, 455
Wright, F. 845
Yates, Rev. W. 70
Yeats,G.D.mM.p. 542
Yorke, P. 164
Young, Rev. G. 446
> ay M.D. 453
EMINENT AND REMARKABLE PERSONS,
Whose Deaths are recorded in this Volume. :
Beedon, Dr. R. Bi-
shop of Bath and
Wells 469
Benyon, 8. Y. esq.
372
Blane, Capt. G. R.
; 85
Boswell, James, esq.
274
Broderick, Rt. Rev.
Charles, Archbi-
shop of Cashel 469
Brownley, James,
esq. 568
Cherry, Rev. Tho-
mas, B.D. 574
Clarke, Rey, E. D.
276
Adams, Rev. T. C.
A.M. 280
Bagot, Hon. & Rev.
R. A.M. ib.
Barton, Rev. Bp:
ib.
Barnes, Rev. H. ib.
Beckett, Rev. Geo.
182
Benson, Rev, H. B.
M.A. 280
Bethell, Rev. G.
A.M, 280
Blomfield, Rev. C. J,
D.D. 86
Boyse, Rev. J. ib.
Brereton, Rev. H.
470
Carr, Rev.S. 182
Coldwell, Rev. W.
L. M.A. 280
Collier, Rev. C. ib.
Barton, J. for pistonse++++-ecceees
Broderip, for heating-+++++++ees++
Brokedon, W. for wire-drawing -+-++
Busby, Mr. for hydraulic orrery ---+-
Bush, M. for calico printing-+---+ ++
Cochrane, W. E. for street lamps-- ++
Coleman, E. for shoeing horses------
Crompton, ‘T. 5. for paper making...
Goldfinch, Col. for horse shoes .--.--
Hagner, G. F. for white lead «--+.-
Haliburton, A. for steam engines -:
Hall, S. for stare
esq:
\ Englefield, SirHenry
Conant, Sir Natha-
niel 469
Coutts, Thomas, esq.
bMS 274
Corbett, Capt. Ro-
bert 279
Devis, Arthur W.
275
Charles, bart. 470
Grafton, Duchess of,
469
Grey,CountessDow-
ager 469
Harvey, W. 347
Hawes, Benj. esq.
180
Heard, Sir Isaac 468
Keene, Witshed, esq.
374
Kipling, Dean 373
Knyvett, Chas. esq.
180
Lavie, Captain. Sir
Thomas, K.C.B.
ib.
Malham, Rey. J. 85
Parry, C.H. M.D.
277
Russell, Matth. esq.
M.P. 468
Scott, Helenus,M.D.
573
Sibthorp, Coningsby
Waldo, esq. M.P.
374
ECCLESIASTICAL PROMOTIONS,
Comins, Rev. J. 471
Ellis, Rev. F, A.M.
86, 182, 374
Francis, Rev. R. J.
182
Glubb, Rev. J. M.
470
Gorton, Rev. W.375
Greeves, Rev. R.
280
Hales, Rev. R. ib.
Hereford, Rev.
Dean 182
Hogarth, Rev. J. H.
LL.D. 86
Hooper, Rev.T. 375
Hoste, Rev. J.
86, 182
Huntingford;Rev.H.
LL.B. 182
Ingle, Rev. C. M.A.
86
Ingleby, Rev. H. 86
Irving,Rev.M. B.D.
280
Jefferson, Rev. F.
B.A. 574
Jones, Rev. J. 280
Judgson, Rev, W.G.
M.A. 374
King, Rev. S. 182,
280
Law, Rev. H. 471
Lee, Rev. S. ib.
Lonsdale, Rev. J.
M.A. 374
Lloyd,Rev.A.F.470
Marwood, Rev. T.
M.A. 86
Monk,Rev.J.H. 280
Noble, Rev. B. 374
Owen,Rev. H. M.A.
86
Plumley,Rev.H.280
SS
INDEX TO THE NEW PATENTS.
Harvey, for ropes -eeserrseeseeses S47
- 243
348
150
444
535
55
149
54
Huggett, J. for a carriage drag +--+
Stewart, Right Hon.
and RightRev.Dr.
William, Archbp.
of Armagh | 469
Story, George, esq.
181
, John, esq.
Sylvester, Sir Jolm, -
bart. S72
Vince, Rev.S. M.A.
F.R.S. 181
Whately, T. esq. 84
Whitaker,Rev. T.D.
LL.D. 181
Wright, John Atkins,
esq. 374
Wyvill, Rev. Christ.
275
Plumtree,Rev. J. T.
280
Powell, Rev. J. 374
Randolph ey
ID.
Selkirk, Rev. T. 375
St. Johu, Rev, O.D.
471
Stonestreet, Rev. G.
G.LLB. 182
Sumner, Rev. C, B.
280
Thomas, Rev. J.471
Thompson, Rev. T.
86
Whittaker, Rev. J.
W. AM. 280
Whitelock, Rev. W.
S 182
Willings,Rev -T.280
Williams,Rev.D.182
Worgan,Rev. J. 230
54
Kenrick, S. for tinning +++-++*+++++ 536
Macnamara, for street paving -+++-+ 54
Main, J. for wheeled carriages -+++++ 245
Marsh, H. for wheel carriages ++-+++ 53
Moore, J. for a mechanical power --
242
Reedhead and Parry, Messrs. for pro-
pelling vessels es eseeesecessecsce Dhd
Rhede, Major, for extracting molasses 150
Tuely, C. for window sashes +---+e++* 443
f ~- Mestwood, F for embossing «+ eereee S48
eT
: 7
Siatecssoesesese
PAP oe ot
Sis
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