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MORGAN EXPEDITIONS, 1870-71.
DEVONIAN TRILOBITES AND MOLLUSKS

ERERE, PROVINCE OF PARA, BRAZIL.

By PROF. CH. FRED. HARTT,
AND
RICHARD RATHBUN.

[Reprinted from the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History, N. Y., Vol. xi,
May, 1875.]

XII.— Morgan Expeditions, 1870-71: On the Devonian

Trilobites and Mollusks of Ereré, Province

Of Lard, bracil,

By CH. FRED. HARTT,

Prof. of Geology in Cornell University,
AND

RICHARD RATHBUN,

Assistant in the Museum of the Boston Society of Natural History.

Read March 9, 1875.

We have given in this paper descriptions of the trilobites
and of all the species of mollusks, not including the brachio-
pods, collected by the parties of the Morgan Expeditions, in
1870 and ’71, from the Devonian rocks of the plain around
the little village of Ereré. In the Bulletin of the Buffalo
Society of Natural Science, for January, 1874, Vol. I, No.
4, Prof. Hartt has described at length the geography and
geology of the Ereré-Monte-Alegre district, in which occur
the fossiliferous Devonian beds forming the plain of Ereré.
These beds consist of thin horizontal layers of white and
reddish sandstones, interstratified more or less with shales.
Both the sandstones and the shales contain at a few points an
abundance of fossils, closely related to, and in some cases
identical with, forms characteristic of the middle Devonian
rocks of North America. The brachiopods, the most abund-
ant fossils in the Ereré Devonian, were described by Mr.
Rathbun in the work above cited, in a paper immediately
following that of Prof. Hartt. There then remained for des-
cription the mollusks, including six forms of gasteropods
and eight of lamellibranchs, with a single form of Tentacu-
lites, two forms of trilobites of the genera Dalmania and
Homalonotus, both probably new, and a number of obscure
forms, many of which are entirely unrecognizable.

The mollusks and trilobites in the Devonian at Ereré are
confined entirely to. the sandstone, no traces of either having

(110)

111 Morgan Expeditions.

been found in the shale, in which the only recognizable forms
are the very abundant Déiscina and two species of Lingula,
already described.

By reference to the paper on the Brachiopoda of Ereré,
mentioned above, it will be seen that many of the forms
there described are identical with species of the Devonian
age, more especially the Hamilton group, of New York
state, and that most of the remaining forms have closely
related ones in these same deposits of North America. The
close relation in horizon of the middle Devonian of New
York and the formations of the plain of Ereré was thus
demonstrated. The study of the mollusks has greatly
strengthened the proof of this relationship, for several of
the forms of mollusks from Ereré have proved identical with
forms recently described from the Hamilton group of New
York by Prof. Hall, and possibly others, now apparently
distinct, may also turn out identical with more extended col-
lections. All the genera represented, with a single excep-
tion, are common to the Devonian elsewhere. We are under
very many obligations to Prof. James Hall of Albany, N. Y.,
for identifying for us many of the following genera, some
of which have been recently proposed by him. He also
made 2 comparison of the species with the New York forms
contained in his collection, and it was with his aid that we
were enabled to unite the three forms, as hereinafter indi-
-cated. To Mr. R. P. Whitfield, of Albany, we are also
much indebted for assistance in our work.

TRILOBIDRES.
Genus DALMANIA, Emmrich.
Dalmania Paituna, sp. nov.

Animal of medium size, sometimes quite large: test very tumid, and
with the different lobes and segments sharply defined.

Buckler crescent-shaped; greatest breadth about one and one-fourth
the greatest length, and nearly twice the length of the glabella; in front
sub-acuminate or bluntly sub-angular, the margins on cither side diverg-

Morgan Expeditions. 112

ing at first at an angle of about 120°, and curving moderately and regularly ;
posterior lateral angle on either side produced backward in an acute
spine. On each side of the frontal lobe the margins sometimes form
nearly straight lines. The entire margin forms a curve, nearly equal to
half an eltipse, in which the relation between the two diameters is
about as 2 to 3. A specimen rather below the medium size measures:
greatest length, 14°5™™; greatest width, about 20™™. A larger specimen
has a length of about 21™™,

Glabella very prominent, slightly flattened on top, bounded by deep
axal furrows, sub-pentagonal in outline, and rounded or sub-angular in
front; widest just back of the middle of the frontal lobe, or at about,
one-third the length of the glabella from the front. Thence backward
the glabella narrows regularly, the width at occipital furrow being a
little more than half the length of the glabella. Frontal lobe rounded
or sub-angular at front and sides and very convex, curving strongly
downward toward the margins of the head, and sometimes obliquely
flattened on either side in front. Its length equals about the united
length of the four succeeding pairs of lobes, and a little more than two-
thirds its own width. Frontal furrows wider than middle and basal
furrows. Originating at a distance from the front equal to about one-
third the length of the entire glabella, they run inward and backward
at a strong angle, terminating near the middle of axis. They reach a
little more than one-third across the glabella. Upper and middle lobes
wider and more prominent than the basal lobe. Middle furrows situated
at a distance from the front equal to about 3-5 the length of glabella,
deep and rather narrow, perpendicular to axis, and extending inward
quite as far as the frontal furrows. Basal furrows deep, curving a little
forward, and reaching to about one-third the distance across glabella,
or slightly farther than do the middle furrows. Basal lobes narrow
and much less prominent than the other lobes. Occipital furrow deep,
broad and rounded. Occipital ring broad, strongly arched vertically
and sub-angular behind. The highest part of the glabella is situated
at a point about between the middle furrows. On the median line,
and slightly in advance of frontal furrows, is a minute, more or less
distinct depression, usually more marked in the internal cast.

Limb forming a blunt, rounded or sub-angular projection in front of
glabella, but narrowing down to a mere line before reaching the axal
furrows. Cheeks very convex, with a strong convex slope toward the
margins; slope toward neck and axal furrows abrupt. The limb increases
rather rapidly in size going backward from the axal furrows, being sep-
arated from cheek lobe by a well defined, broad furrow. The occipital
furrow is inclined slightly backward, and is deep and well defined, not
being extended into the nuchal spine, which last is short, acuminate
and not differentiated from cheek. Length of spine, measuring from
angle formed by lateral and occipital furrows, equal to about half the
length of glabella. Spines directed slightly outward. Posterior mar-

113 Morgan Expeditions.

ginal fold strongly convex and of moderate width. Eyes large and
very prominent, situated exactly opposite outer extremities of anterior
and median lobes. In none of the specimens in the collection are they
sufficiently well preserved to allow of detailed description.

A Hypostome, probably of this species, is sub-quadrate in form and
strongly convex. The front margin is strongly arched and slightly sub-
angular. On each side it is produced in a short acuminate spine, ex-
tending directly outward. The sides are nearly straight and incline
slightly toward one another in going backward. The body of the hy-
postome is very convex and abruptly separated from a flattened margin.
The outline of the convex portion forms a very regular curve as follows:
beginning at the anterior lateral angles it runs obliquely backward and
inward, the flattened margin widening gradually; posteriorly with a
regular arch it extends apparently nearly to the margin. The whole
hypostome is strongly arched, transversely and vertically. The abrupt
margin of central portion increases in height going backward. This
specimen measures 7™ jn length and about 10™™ in greatest width. A
fragment of a larger specimen of hypostome, having a length of 21™™,
was also obtained from the same bed as the above, and, although dif-
fering from it somewhat in appearance, may belong to an older specimen
of the same species.

Pygidium triangular, with curved sides, and very convex. Axis nar-
row, prominent, regularly rounded from side to side, and extending
about 3-4 length of shield; width in front apparently equal to 1-3 width of
shield. It decreases slightly in width and gradually in height posteriorly,
where it ends abruptly, the extremity being rounded and convex; width
in front about one and one-half to two times the width behind. In one
large specimen the axis shows 14 rings, the anterior of which, in the
internal mould, are prominent, rounded, and separated by furrows of
rather greater width; but they become very small and indistinct pos-
teriorly, the last three or four being crowded together. In none of the
specimens collected is the articular ring preserved, but several of these
show 11 to 13 rings. Lateral lobes convex, but generally of much less
elevation than the axis; margin slightly flattened. Furrows deep and
extending to the margin in all but the last four or five rings. The segments
are rounded near the axis, but are flattened and much broader toward
the margin. The anterior one is nearly at right angles with the axis,
but they become more strongly inclined posteriorly. On the first seg-
ments the sutures are faint and on the posterior ones not observable.
The margin is denticulate, the terminations of each segment being ap-
parently blunt and obliquely rounded or angular. Posterior part of
pygidium, behind axis, highly inclined, rounded and smooth; posterior
margin concave, arched and slightly turned up along the edge. A spec-
imen of medium size measures in length, about 15™™, in width, 14™™, A
very large specimen has a length of 32™™,

A few detached segments, that may belong to the thorax, were found,
but they are unsatisfactory for determination.

Morgan Expeditions. 114

The first distinguishing feature of this species lies in the
great prominence of the test, none of the forms, with which
we have compared it, approaching it at all in convexity.
This difference of character is supplemented by many others.
From Dalmania Boothii, of the Hamilton group of New
York, the only abundant form known in beds corresponding
most nearly in age to the Ereré Devonian, it differs, among
other features, in the greater proportionate length of the
middle of the head, in the more gradual backward _nar-
rowing of the glabella, and in the greater length of the
frontal lobe, which is generally more angular in front in
the latter form.

This beautiful species occurs somewhat abundantly in the
Devonian sandstone at Ereré, associated with Spirifera Ped-
roana, etc. The specific name is given in allusion to a
mythical personage, after whom the Serra of Paittina’ in
the vicinity received its name.

Genus HOMALONOTUS, Keenig.
Homalonotus Oiara, sp. nov.

There was obtained from the Devonian sandstone at Ereré,
a single fragment of the head of a large trilobite, which be-
longs to this genus. It is very distinct from any other form
yet known, but too imperfect to admit of proper descrip-
tion. It differs from Lomalonotus Dekayi, Vay., appar-
ently, in the fact that the margins of the glabella are more
concave than in the latter form, and the eyes are placed
farther forward. We have ventured to rank it as a new
species, naming it after the Tupi water maiden. Associated
with the last species above described, Daliania Paitina.

GASTEROPODA.
Genus PLEUROTOMARIA, Defrance.
Pleurotomaria Rochana, sp. nov.

Shell quite small; outline, as seen in front and hind view, a rhomboid,
of which two opposing sides are about twice the length of the other two

115 Morgan Expeditions.

sides. Height less than the breadth; spire very depressed-conical; api-
cal angle somewhat greater than a right angle. Volutions about three
in number, the last angular and carinate along the middle, with the upper
surface flattened, or curving very slightly from the suture to the median
carina. The upper surfaces of all the volutions, from the apex to the
carina of last volution, lie in nearly the same plane and are separated by
a shallow suture; lower side of the body volution slightly more convex
than the upper. “Aperture and surface markings not preserved. This is
a very small species of Plewrotomaria, one specimen measuring about
8.5 ™™ jn length, and 11 ™™ in breadth.

Only a few specimens of this species have been obtained,
and none of these are in a very perfect condition. Asso-
ciated with Nuculites Nyssa, Streptorhynchus Agassizit, ete.,
in the Devonian sandstone of Ereré, Prov. of Para, Brazil.

Named in honor of Tenente Rocha, commandant of the
Marine Arsenal at Para, to whom the expedition of 1870
was indebted for the fitting out of the steamer Jurupensem.

Genus HOLOPEA, Hall.
Holopea Furmaniana, sp. nov.

Shell rather above the medium size, obliquely sub-conical in front view,
with the length and breadth nearly equal. Volutions about three or four
in number, very prominent and wellrounded. They increase quite rapidly
in size from the very small apex, the last one being vertricose and some-
times slightly flattened on the top near the suture, which is rather deep
and acute-angular. Aperture slightly oblique, oval in outline and a little
reflected on the lower side. Surface, as determined by external moulds,
smooth. One specimen of average size measures: length and breadth
each, about 17 ™™; but many specimens are larger than this. :

All the specimens of this form, so far obtained, are in the
condition of moulds of the interior and exterior. In the in-
ternal mould there is a small umbilicus, probably due entirely
to the removal of the columella. This form is easily recog-
nized by its regular and well rounded volutions and low
spire, the volutions commencing of very small size and in-
creasing rapidly and regularly to the aperture. So far as we
are aware the genus Holopea has not been recognized from
the Devonian before; but the smooth exterior of this form

Morgan Expeditions. 116

precludes its being placed in the genus Pleurotomaria, to
which it might seem to be related from the shape and appear-
ance of the internal mould alone.

Very abundant in the Devonian sandstone of Ereré, Prov.
of Para, Brazil; associated with Spirifera Pedroana, Nucu-
lites Nyssa, etc.

Dedicated to Mr. Furman of Para, a gentleman to whom
both expeditions are deeply indebted.

Genus PLATYCERAS, Conrad.
Platyceras symmetricum.

Platyceras symmetricum, Hall. 15th. Ann. Rep. St. Cab., N. Y., 1862, p.
34.

Description of the Ereré form:— Shell small, argonautiform in side
view, very slightly elongated and somewhat laterally compressed. From
the apex, which is minute and twisted very slightly to-the right of the .
median line, the shell increases very rapidly in size, the ventral side of
the body volution passing tangentically for a short distance beyond the
last preceding volution. Volutions about one and one-half in number,
the outer one, small and much compressed where it commences, but be-
coming gradually less compressed and more fully rounded toward the
aperture, enlarging rapidly at the same time. The aperture is oval in out-
line, with the sinistro-dextral diameter a little less than the dorso-ventral.
The margin is apparently sinuous, but is defective in the specimen. Exte-
rior surface of shell not preserved. Surface of internal mould of body
volution not very irregular, somewhat rugose and traversed near the front
by numerous, rather indistinct growth lines, which bear on each side a few
deep, rounded flexures. To these flexures a few short, irregular, longitu-
dinal undulations near the aperture appear to correspond. There is a
slight prominence, probably the impression of the base of a spine, just on
the left of the dorsal line, midway between the aperture and the beginning
of the outer volution. Dimensions: greatest length from anterior mar-
gin of aperture, 19™™; dorso-ventral diameter of aperture, 13.5 ™™;
sinistro-dextral diameter of same, 12 ™™,

Only one specimen of Platyceras, the one described above,
was obtained from Ereré. It agrees with P. symmetricum
of Hall, Hamilton group, N. Y., in being symmetrical and
in having the same number and character of volutions ; but
it is much smaller than any specimen of P. symmetricum
from the Hamilton group which we have seen, and more per-

117 Morgan Expeditions.

fect specimens, preserving the shell, may show it to be dis-
tinct from that species.

From the Devonian sandstone of Ereré, Prov. of Para,
Brazil; associated with Spirifera Pedroana, etc.

Genus BELLEROPHON, Montfort.
Bellerophon Morganianus, sp. nov.

Shell of small to medium size. subglobose, with the umbilical openings
small but rather deep. Body volution generally somewhat broadly flat-
tened along the back, sometimes moderately rounded and curving abruptly
to the umbilicus. It increases rapidly in size toward the aperture, where
it expands quite abruptly, making the aperture lirge and apparently
transversely sub-elliptical in outline. Surface covered with minute,
rounded, transverse, parallel, raised lines, which first curve slightly for-
ward from an indistinct, median dorsal band, and then extend nearly
directly to the edge of the umbilical openings. Of a nearly perfect speci-
men of medium size, the greatest length from the outer edge of the aperture
- is about 17 ™™; sinistro-dextral diameter of aperture of same specimen,
about 19 ™™,

This Brazilian species of Bellerophon appears to be closely
related to B. leda of Hall, Hamilton group, New York, and
is of about the same size as that species. The body volu-
tion of B. Morganianus is, however, generally larger where
it commences than is the case in B. leda, and the revolving
raised lines are entirely wanting in the former species.

Obtained in great abundance from the Devonian sandstone
of Ereré, Prov. of Para, Brazil; associated with Spirifera
Pedroana, ete.

Dedicated respectfully to Mr. Edwin B. Morgan, of
Aurora, N. Y. :

Bellerophon Coutinhoanus, sp. nov.

Shell rather small, subglobose, trilobed. The outer volution increases
rapidly toward the aperture, and is divided into three longitudinal lobes,
of which the middle or dorsal lobe is about two-thirds the width of the
whorl itself, and is prominent, sharply defined at its margins and very
regularly rounded. The lateral lobes curve regularly and quite abruptly
from the dorsal lobe to the umbilical openings. Size of the most perfect
specimen, which is not, however, the largest one obtained: greatest
length from near the outer edge of the aperture, about 15 ™™; width of
the outer volution near the aperture, nearly 15 ae

Morgan Expeditions. 118

Although a number of specimens of this species of Bellero-
phon were obtained from Ereré, the aperture is not preserved
in any of them, and the umbilical openings, if such existed,
are covered up by the rock in every case. The specimens
are all of internal moulds and the surface markings are not
retained. B. Coutinhoanus is very closely allied to B.
trilobatus of Sow., Devonian of Europe, more especially to
the variety ¢umidus, from which, however, it differs in hav-
ing the dorsal lobe broader, less prominent, and more flat-
tened along the top, with its margins more distinctly defined.

From the Devonian sandstone of Ereré, Prov. of Para,
Brazil; associated with Muculites Nyssa, etc.

Respectfully dedicated to Dr. Silva de Coutinho, Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil.

Bellerophon Gilletianus, sp. nov.

Shell very small, laterally compressed, somewhat lenticular in form and
sub-circular in outline; umbilical openings of medium size, deep. The
outer volution commences very small, somewhat compressed and more or
less angular on the median dorsal line, and increases rapidly in prominence
but quite gradually in width, becoming more and more strongly angular
toward the aperture, where it is but slightly expanded. The summit of
the mesial prominence is often well rounded, but sometimes acute, while
on each side is generally a very shallow accompanying groove, growing
more pronounced toward the aperture, and which gives to the shell near
the mouth a somewhat trilobed appearance.

The surface of the shell is marked by numerous, very fine, rounded,
thread-like, concentric raised lines, which arch very strongly backward
from the umbilici to the median dorsal line, where the corresponding
ones on each side unite in a curve. Of the largest specimen obtained,
the greatest diameter, which is from the outer margin of the aperture to
the opposite side of the shell, is about 10 ™™; width of the body volution
near the aperture, about 5™™, Most of the specimens, however, are
much smaller than this.

B. rotiformis of De Kon., Europe, resembles the species
just described in size and general appearance, but it is more
lenticular in shape and the whorls increase more rapidly in
size. The umbilical openings are also smaller and the slope
toward them is much less abrupt.

119 Morgan Expeditions.

Moderately abundant in the Devonian sandstone of Ereré,
Prov. of Para, Brazil; associated with Nuculites Nyssa,
Spirifera Pedroana, ete.

Named after M. Léon Gillet, Prof. Hartt’s able and oblig-
ing agent at Para. |

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Genus NUCULITES, Conrad.

Nuculites Nyssa.

Nuculites Nyssa, Hall. Lamell. Shells of the U. Held., Ham. and Chem.
Groups, etc., 1869. (Preparatory for the Paleontology of N. Y.)

Description of Ereré specimens :—Shell of medium size, longitudinally
sub-ovate or sub-triangular in outline, and of moderate convexity. Ante-
rior margin well rounded and narrower than the posterior. The dorsal
margin, curving slightly, extends obliquely backwards from the beak to
the posterior extremity of the shell, a short distance above the termina-
tion of the median antero-posterior diameter. The ventral margin is mod-
erately rounded and, together with the anterior and posterior margins,
forms an elliptical curve. Beaks about one-fourth the length from the
anterior extremity, with the apices acute and strongly incurved to the
hinge line. Valves most convex at a point just above and anterior to the
middle. The surface arches rapidly and more or less regularly from
the ventral margin to the beak, but is generally a little more strongly
curved in the umbonal region, and is broadly flattened, rounding suddenly
to the dorsal margin. The slope toward the posterior margin is convex
and more abrupt than toward the ventral margin; toward the anterior
margin it is still more abrupt, becoming gradually concave near the beaks.
The septum, curving very slightly, and with its concave side forward,
extends down nearly two-thirds the shell height, cutting the antero-poste-
rior diameter at about one-fourth its length from the front. Surface
smooth or marked with a few indistinct lines of growth. Length, 24 ™™;
height, 17 ™™; depth of single valve,5™™. Specimens of larger size are
numerous.

This species of Nuculites, which is the most common
lamellibranch at Ereré, proves to be identical with V. Vyssa
of Hall, found in the Hamilton group, New York.

We are indebted to Prof. Hall for the identification of the
forms from the two places.

Morgan Expeditions. 120

Abundant in the Devonian sandstone of Ereré, Prov. of
Para, Brazil, with Spirifera Pedroana, Streptorhynchus
Agassizii, ete.

Nuculites Ererensis, sp. nov.

Shell small, elongate, nearly twice as long as high, sub-elliptical in
outline, the margins forming quite a regular elliptical curve, broken by
the slight upward extension of the beaks. Dorsal margin oblique and
nearly straight. Beaks situated about one-third the length from the
anterior margin, small, only slightly incurved, and apparently not reach-
ing to the hinge line. The convexity of the valves is moderate, being
greatest just below the umbonal region. The septum extends downwards
for about three-fifths the height of the valves, and intersects the antero-
posterior diameter at a little less than one-third its length from the front.
Length, 138™™; height, 8™™; depth of single valve, nearly 3™™.

This species of Muculites is readily distinguished from
the last one above described, NW. Nyssa of Hall, by its
elongate form and nearly elliptical outline, and by the
absence of any flattening along the middle. Only two
specimens have yet been obtained. These are both inter-
nal moulds of the left valve, and the surface markings are
not preserved upon them.

Found, with Spirifera Pedroana, ete., in the Devonian
sandstone of Ereré, Prov. of Para, Brazil.

Genus GRAMMYSIA, De Verneuil.
Grammysia (Pholadella?) parallela.

Grammysia parallela, Hall. Lamell. Shells of the U. Held., Ham. and
Chem. Groups, etc., 1869. (Preparatory for the Paleontology of N. Y.)

Shell small, elongate, about two-thirds as high as long, with the greatest
height at the beaks. Valves moderately convex, the surface arching
strongly from the beaks to the ventral margin, but being rather more ab-
ruptly curved in the upper portion. The beaks are situated at about one-
fourth or one-fifth the length of the shell from the anterior extremity, and
project but little above the hinge margin; they are small, rather strongly
arcuate and turned somewhat abruptly forward, with the apices acute and
contiguous. Dorsal margin straight and extending directly backward.
The anterior margin extends obliquely forward in its upper half, forming
at the beaks an angle of about 135° with the dorsal margin, and is slightly

121 Morgan Hexpeditions.

concave; it rounds somewhat abruptly to the ventral margin below, which
is moderately curved anteriorly, but becomes nearly straight and subpar-
allel with the dorsal margin along the middle of the shell. Posteriorly
the ventral margin appears to round up more or less strongly toward the
dorsal margin, but in none of the specimens obtained, is the posterior ex-
tremity of the shell perfectly preserved. From a line, extending obliquely
across the valves, from just behind the beaks to the lower posterior ex-
tremity of the shell, and forming an angle of about 30° with the dorsal
margin, the surface curves moderately and quite regularly to the anterior
margin, and is traversed by about 10 or 12 low, wide, rounded, concentric
undulations, which decrease in size from the ventral margin toward the
beaks, where they are quite small. The lower ones round up quite ab-
ruptly in front, but are more gently curved along the middle. Posterior
to the oblique line, above mentioned, the surface descends abruptly, and
with a concave slope, to the hinge line and the posterior extremity, and is
smooth in the moulds. Length, about 16™™ ; height, 10.6 ™™ ; depth of
each valve, 3™™, ;

Prof. Hall has identified this Brazilian form with his G'ram-
mysia parallela of the Hamilton group, New York, Joc. cit. ;
but he expresses a doubt as to whether the species is a true
Grammysia, or belongs to his new genus Pholadella, pub-
lished in 1869.

Only a few specimens of this pretty form were obtained
from the Devonian sandstone of Ereré, Prov. of Para, Bra-
zil, associated with Spirifera Pedroana, ete.

Genus EDMONDIA, De Koninck.
Edmondia Pondiana, sp. nov.

Shell below the medium size, elongate, nearly two-thirds as high as
long, sub-elliptical in outline and moderately ventricose, with the great-
est convexity in the lower posterior part of the umbonal region. An-
terior end much narrower than the posterior, well rounded and prominent,
the margin uniting by a moderate curve with the ventral margin, which,
along the middle one-half of the shell, is quite straight and nearly par-
allel with the dorsal margin; posterior end strongly rounded, and appar-
ently slightly truncate in its lower portion; dorsal margin straight
and about one-half the length of the shell. Beaks situated at a little
less than one-third the length from the front, broad, very prominent,
and strongly incurved toward the hinge margin and the front, nearly or
quite contiguous, and projecting a moderate distance above the hinge.
The umbonal region is obliquely flattened, the flattened surface inclining
anteriorly. This flattening, which commences on the beak, appears to

Morgan Expeditions. 122

extend downward, and somewhat obliquely backward, across the valve;
but it becomes less and less perceptible toward the ventral margin,
toward which the slope, for nearly the whole height of the valve, near
the middle, is only slightly curved; toward the front, the slope is much
stronger and it becomes concave in front of, and beneath, the beaks.
Commencing. at the anterior margin, the surface rises at a moderately
strong angle for one-fifth the shell length, more or less, when, the
angle of ascent becoming gradually less, it continues to rise with very
little curvature toward an oblique line, extending across the valve from
the posterior side of the beak to the lower posterior extremity of the
shell. Along this line the valve rounds over toward the dorsal and
posterior margins, quite gradually in the lower part, but more and more
abruptly near the beak, the curve, from the point of greatest convexity
of the valve toward the posterior end of the hinge margin, being abrupt
and slightly sigmoidal. Exterior surface unknown. Length, 22™™;
height, 14™™; convexity of single valve, 5.5™™,

This species is founded on a single specimen, a very per-
fect internal mould of the left valve; but one or two much
smaller specimens, probably referable to the same species,
were also obtained from Ereré. From the Devonian sand-
stone of Ereré, Prov. of Para, Brazil; «ussociated with
Spirifera Pedroana, ete.

(Named after my friends, Mr. Fred. Pond, American
Consul at Para, and his brother, Mr. Thos. Pond, to whom
I am indebted for a thousand favors. C. F. H.)

Edmondia Sylvana, sp. nov.

Shell small; length a little more than one and one-half times the height;
outline apparently sub-elliptical. Valves moderately convex and nearly
symmetrical, most prominent in the umbonal region. Beaks small, sub-
central and obtuse in the moulds, incurving very little and hardly pro-
jecting above the plane of the hinge, between which and the apices of
the beak is quite a space. The dorsal margin is regularly curved, and
rounds down on each side of the beak to the anterior and posterior
margins, of which the former seems to be the narrower, and is more
regularly rounded than the latter; ventral margin nearly straight along
the middle. The surface of the valves arches very strongly and quite
regularly from the beaks to the ventral margin, while the curvature along
the antero-posterior diameter is moderate and nearly regular. Length,
17™™; height, 10™™; convexity of single valve, 4™™,

123 Morgan Expeditions.

Although only a single specimen of this species, which
has been referred with some doubt to Hdmondia, has been
obtained, and that is not a very perfect one, it has been pos-
sible from it to make out the principal characters of the
species quite accurately. It is readily distinguished from
all the other species of lamellibranchs yet found at Ereré,
by the nearly symmetrical valves and sub-central beaks.

From the Devonian sandstone, Ereré, Prov. of Para,
Brazil, with Spirifera Pedroana, ete.

[Named in honor of my friend, Senhor José Gualdino da
Silva, of Para, to wliom I am under many obligations. C.

Genus MODIOMORPHA, Hall.

Modiomorpha Pimentana, sp. nov.

Shell of moderate size, elongate, sub-quadrilateral in outline. From
the beaks, which are placed at less than one-fourth the length from the
front, the height increases very gradually to the posterior end of the
hinge margin, which last equals about three-fifths the length of the shell
and is straight; height of shell at beak about five-sixths that at end of
hinge margin. Anterior margin straight and oblique for about one-half
its length, forming at the beak an angle of about 135° with the dorsal
margin. It rounds abruptly to the ventral margin, which, in its posterior
three-fourths, is nearly straight. The posterior margin is slightly con-
“vex, and extends obliquely backward from the dorsal margin, with which
it forms an angle equal to about that at the beaks, and curves abruptly to
the ventral margin. Beaks very small, obtuse and not produced above
the hinge line. The valves are quite convex, the surface rising rapidly
from the ventral and anterior margins on the one side, and from the
dorsal and posterior margins on the other, toward a line running obliquely
across the valves from the beaks to the lower posterior extremity. Along
this line the valves are sometimes angular, at others they are regularly
and strongly rounded; generally, however, they are angular near the
beaks and become gradually rounded and flattened posteriorly. Above,
the surface slopes to the dorsal margin very abruptly and is concave just
behind the beaks, but the slope becomes more and more gradual toward
the posterior extremity, and, from very slightly concave at first, it changes
to very slightly convex posteriorly. The lower and anterior portion of
the valves is sometimes broadly flattened. Surface marked with numer-
ous concentric lines of growth. Length, 30™™; height, 16™™; depth of
single valve, 5™™. These dimensions are of the largest specimen found ;
most of the specimens are much smaller.

Morgan Expeditions. 124

This form of “Modiomorpha, which is quite abundant at
Ereré, although very constant in its outline, varies consid-
erably in its surface characters, as described above. The
specimens obtained are all moulds of the interior and ex-
terior. Associated with Wuculites Nyssa, Spirifera Pedro-
ana, ete., in the Devonian sandstone of Ereré, Prov. of
Para, Brazil.

Named in honor of Senhor Pimenta Bueno of Para, to
whom the expeditions are under obligations.

Genus PALANEILO, Hall.
Palzaneilo sulcata, sp. nov.

Shell of moderate size, elongate, slightly gibbous, and apparently sub-
elliptical in outline, with the height less than two-thirds the length.
Dorsal margin inclining slightly downward in extending backward from the
beaks. The anterior margin appears to be slightly concave, for about one-
third its length from the beaks, and forms an angle of nearly 120° with
the dorsal margin; in its lower two-thirds it is well and regularly
rounded. Ventral margin nearly straight and suddenly indented toward
the posterior extremity of the shell, which is imperfect in all the speci-
mens of this species yet obtained. Beaks situated at a distance from the
front, equal to a little less than half the height of the shell. quite pom--
inent and incurved to the hinge line. The valves are most convex just
above and anterior to the middle, with the surface arching quite strongly
and regularly, the curvature, however, increasing somewhat in strength,
from the ventral margin to the beaks. A rather deep and well marked
sinus commences in each valve on the posterior side of the beak, where
it is very small, and extends obliquely across the valve to the ventral
margin, near the posterior extremity of the shell, increasing gradually in
size at the same time, the margin being deeply indented by it. The an-
terior edge of the sinus is quite abrupt and forms a slight fold on the
surface of the valve; it makes an angle of about 30° with the dorsal
margin of the shell; the posterior edge rounds over gradually. From
the anterior margin of the valve the surface rounds up gradually for a
short distance, and then extends with very little curvature to the sinus.
Surface of mould smooth. Length, about 17™™; height, 11°5™™; depth
of each valve, 3:5 ™™,

This species of lamellibranch has the external characters
of the genus Paleaneilo, but the specimens representing it
are not in a condition to show the character of the hinge,

125 Morgan Expeditions.

which is crenulated in that genus. Only a few specimens

have been obtained.
From the Devonian sandstone of Ereré, Prov. of Para,
Brazil; associated with Streptorhynchus Agassizii, ete.

Paleeaneilo? simplex, sp. nov.

Shell of medium size, elongate, quite regularly sub-elliptical in outline
and of moderate convexity; height about two-thirds the length. Anterior
margin not quite as high as the posterior; both anterior and posterior
margins regularly and quite strongly rounded, and passing gradually into
the ventral margin, which is regularly and moderately rounded. The
dorsal margin is nearly straight and extends directly backwards from the
beak; its length is less than one-half that of the shell. Beaks situated
at about one-third the length of the shell from the anterior end, quite
small, rather strongly incurved to the plane of the hinge, and slightly
elevated above the hinge margin, with the apices acute. The point of
greatest convexity of the valves is just above the middle. The curvature
of the surface from the ventral margin to the beaks is moderate and
nearly regular, growing gradually stronger, however, toward the beaks.
The curvature along the antero-posterior diameter is quite moderate and
regular, the slopes toward the anterior and posterior margins from the
middle being sub-equal. Toward the dorsal margin the slope is moderate
posteriorly, but grows gradually stronger as the beaks are approached,
just behind which it is very abrupt. Immediately in front of the beaks
the surface is slightly concave. Surface markings unknown; the surface
of the internal moulds is quite smooth. Length, 16™™; height, 12™™;
depth of single valve, 3™™.

The above description of this form was made from a
single, very perfect specimen, an internal mould of the
left valve, in which, however, the characters of the hinge
are not preserved. The generic relations of the species
are thus rendered doubtful; but it agrees externally with
Prof. Hall’s genus Paleanetlo in which we place it pro-
visionally. Besides the single specimen just mentioned,
there are four or five other specimens of lamellibranchs
from Ereré, which apparently belong to this same species.
In them the beak is sometimes more acute, and the curva-
ture of the surface varies slightly. In all the other char-
acters they agree quite perfectly. This form of Paleaneilo

Morgan Expeditions. 126

is readily distinguished from P. sulcata, by the regular
curvature of the surface from the anterior to the posterior
end, and by the absence of a sinus.

From the Devonian sandstone of Ereré, Prov. of Para,
Brazil; associated with Spirifera Pedroana, ete.

Genus TENTACULITES, Schlotheim.

Tentaculites Eldredgianus, sp. nov.

Shell smaii, rather long, straight, circular in cross-section, at least 1™™
in diameter at the larger end, and tapering very gradually to an acute
point. Length of the most perfect specimen, a fragment, about 16™™.
Annulations narrow, quite prominent, and angular or slightly rounded
on the summit; the interspaces are generally about twice as wide as
the annulations, theugh they vary somewhat in width, and are flattened
or a little rounded in the bottom; they are ornamented by fine annular
raised lines, of which there are about four or five in each interspace,
near the larger end of the specimen. The annulations decrease in size,
but become more numerous toward the apex. There are about 5 to 7
in the space of 3™™ near the large end.

The specimens of this species, so far obtained, are from
the sandstone, in which they exist as moulds of the exterior
surface, generally filled up with clay or sandy material.
The moulds usually preserve the impression of the annu-
lations very sharply; the annular raised lines, however,
are seldom preserved. The casts formed by the filling up
of the moulds are never exact copies, but in them the an-
nulations are almost always low and rounded. The full
length is not preserved in any of the specimens obtained,
but it was probably not much greater than 16°". Although
the distance between the annulations varies, the variation
is never very great, and is generally regular through the
same specimen, the interspaces becoming gradually narrower
toward the apex.

From the sandstone of the Devonian age, Ereré, Proy.
of Para, Brazil; associated with Spirifera Pedroana, etc.

127 Morgan Expeditions.

Dedicated to Mr. Rolfe Eldredge, one of Prof. Hartt’s
companions at Ereré, on his expedition of 1870.

Among the more obscure remains obtained from the De-
vonian sandstone beds at Ereré, and which it is impossible
from their imperfect condition to properly identify, are frag-
ments of crinoidal columns, the valves of a form which
appears to be related to Beyrichia, M’Coy, fragments of
wood, etc. They are all, however, in such a poor state of
preservation, that it would be unwise to attempt anything
beyond a mere notice of their appearance. The crinoidal
remains occur as impressions of the detached disks of the
columns, which are small and thin, and it is seldom that more
than two or three of the disks are found together. The
central canal is generally replaced by sandy material, but
none of the surface markings are retained. Diameter of
disks, about 2-5 to 3"; thickness of each, about -5™". The
test of Beyrichia (?) is small, sub-ovate in outline, with a
slight depression near one end. The surface, though imper-
fect in all the specimens obtained, seems to have been granu-
lose. Diameter of a medium specimen, 2”. The remains
that have been referred to with doubt as plants have no
definite or describable shapes and are probably fucoidal.
Many of the other fragments obtained will undoubtedly be
explained with the aid of new collections from the same
locality.

[Printed at the SALEM PRESS, May, 1875.]

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