THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS GIFT OF W. HARRY LANGE THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA, INCLUDING CEYLON AND BURMA. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHOEITT OF THE SECRETARY OF FOR INDIA IN COUNCIL. EDITED BY W. T. BLANFORD. MOTH S — Vol. I. BY G. F. HAMPSON. LONDON: TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. CALCUTTA: I BOMBAY: THACKEK, SPIJSK, & CO. | THACKER & CO., LIMITED. BEKLIN : R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHX, 11 CARLSTRASSE. 1892. T T T> TT» A T "> \ / KLAMM1.M. PRINTED nr T AY LOR AND FRANCI8, RED LION COURT, ri.r.i.r >Ti;]:rr. PREFACE. ANY attempt to enumerate, describe, and classify the Moths of so large a region as British India must, in the imperfect state of our present knowledge, be very incomplete, and more and better workers in this interesting branch of Natural History cannot be expected to come forward until some handbook is provided for them. It has been hitherto impos- sible to name any but the commonest Indian Moths without access to a library, which does not exist anywhere in the East except at Calcutta, or to collections of species carefully identified by comparison with the types, which collections do not exist in the East at all; and it is hoped that the publication of the Volumes, of which the present is the first, will be of use to students of the subject, and aid a school of workers in the field for the Heterocera such as have arisen for the Rho- palocera since the publication of the first volume of Marshall and de Niceville's ' Butterflies of India/ As no general revision of the Heterocera has been attempted since GueneVs time, and as his system is very much out of date, one of the most difficult parts of the present work has been the scheme of classification and the correct placing of the very numerous species which had been described. It is, however, hoped that, by collating the systems of writers who have worked at special groups, a natural scheme in accordance IV PREFACE. with modern ideas on the subject has been evolved, and that the keys and illustrations will render this scheme intelligible to students and enable them to follow the characters given. In the preparation of the system now proposed I have been much indebted to Herr P. C. T. Snellen's ' Vlinders van Nederland/ the only recently attempted classification of the families of Moths that I know of. How admirable a classi- fication it is may be judged of by the fact that I have found his system, based on the small fauna of the Netherlands, applicable with but slight modifications to the large tropical fauna of India. The material available for study has been almost complete as far as it exists, and the descriptions have been drawn up and the synonymy worked out, in the large majority of cases, from the types of the species, so that it is hoped that com- paratively few errors will have crept in. No pains have been spared to compare as large a series of each species as was possible, and as most of the species were originally described from single specimens by their authors, who did not always make sufficient allowance for the variation that is known to exist amongst the Moths of Europe and other countries where they have been largely bred, the synonymy has been lengthy and difficult to unravel ; and though some may think that more has been done in uniting species than will be justified by a future study of the subject, yet as the individual peculiarities of each form have been indicated this will but help to show their affinities. In very few localities in British India have the Moths been collected systematically enough over a large number of years to give results approaching completeness. Sikhim and Ceylon are certainly the best-worked tracts. The former yielded the greater part of the fine collection made by the late W. S. Atkinson, now in the possession of Dr. Staudinger PBEFACE. V at Dresden, the only large Indian collection which has not been available for reference. The disadvantage caused by want of access to Mr. Atkinson's Collection has, however, been greatly diminished by the co-types and drawings belonging to Mr. F. Moore, who originally described the collection, being placed freely at my disposal, and by the fact that Mr. H. Gr. Elwes spent a fortnight at Dresden comparing his magnificent Sikhim Collection with the types there, and making numerous notes, of which I have been allowed the fullest use. I have also examined the more recent collections made in that district by the late Otto Moller and by Messrs. Elwes and Knyvett, which are now described for the first time. Of the Moths of the N.W. Himalayas, the fine collections of the Rev. J. H. Hocking and Majors Yerbury and Harford (the last of whom made beautiful drawings of the early stages of many species) give a very good idea : all three collections are now in the British Museum. The collection made by Mr. J. H. Leech in Kashmir has been lent to me for study and description of the new species, and free access has been given to me for purposes of comparison to his unrivalled Japanese and Chinese collections. The Moths of Bombay, Poona, and other localities in W. India have been largely worked by Col. C. Swinhoe, who has lent to me any specimens required for study or figuring from his very large Indian Collection, and has also enabled me to compare Walker's types of Moths in the Oxford Museum, which he is now engaged in arranging, with the British Mu- seum collection ; by this comparison numerous valuable facts have been elicited. Of the Moth-fauna of the Nilgiris my own collection gives a fairly complete picture, as, though my collecting did not extend over many years, it was carried on at all the different elevations and on each of the several slopes. VI PREFACE. The Ceylonese fauna is perhaps the one that has been the best worked, and the only one where any large study of the earlier stages has been made ; the collections of Dr. Th \vaites, and the earlier collections of Messrs. Mackwood, E. E. Given, and many others, were all described by Mr. Moore in his ' Lepidoptera of Ceylon/ and the drawings of larvae figured by him; whilst the later collections of Messrs. Mackwond, Green, Butt, and others, all now in the British Museum, have been described by myself in the part of the f Illustra- tions of Heterocera ' to be shortly issued. In the Assamese and Burmese regions the fine collections made by Mr. W. Doherty in Upper Assam, the Nsiga Hills, and various localities in the Burmese hill-ranges, now in Mr. Elwes's collection, are described for the first time, as also the collection made by Mr. E. Y. Watson in Burma, and presented by him to the British Museum, the collection made by L. Fea and lent to me by the Genoa Museum, and that made by Mr. Doherty in the Tenasserim Valley lent to me by Mr. II. Druce; whilst the collections of the Ran- goon Museum, and those made in the Khsisi Hills by the Rev. W. Hamilton, both described by Col. Swinhoe, have also been available ; as also have the few species described from the Andaraans and Nicobars. It is, however, from these eastern regions that by far the largest number of novelties will appear, and sufficient is known of the fauna to show how largely Malayan types are there represented. Thus, although the localities in which systematic collecting has been done are few, they represent all the extremes of the various climatic differences which occur in India, so that it may be assumed that sufficient is known of the Heterocerous fauna to give some approach to completeness, to prove that it is quite as diverse and specialized as in other parts of the world, and to show that the main lines of geographical dis- PREFACE. Vll tribution, as laid down from the study of the Mammalia, Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, and Butterflies, are applicable also to the Moths, though the more cosmopolitan distribution of the genera and our imperfect knowledge of the Moths of the surrounding regions do not enable us to define the subregions as accurately as in other orders. To the authorities of the British Museum, and to the assistant-keeper, Mr. A. Gr. Butler, I am indebted for much help and the fullest opportunities of studying the National Collection, which contains almost all the types of Walker, Butler, Swinhoe, and many others, so that the main portion of the present work had necessarily to be done at the Museum. To Mr. H. G. Elwes in especial my thanks are due for being the originator of the idea of the work, for reading over and correcting the whole of the proofs, and for much invaluable advice and assistance, besides placing his whole collection at my disposal. Mr. F. Moore has given me free access at any time to his rich collection containing most of his types, and has lent me every specimen and drawing wanted, help all the more generous in that he has his own ' Lepidoptera Indica/ which will deal with the same subject, in progress. My best thanks are also due to Mr. E. Meyrick for his extremely useful criticism of the key to the families, to Lord Walsing- ham and Mr. J. H, Durrant for help with the Tincegeriidce, to the Hon. W. de Rothschild for the loan of specimens, and to my artist, Mr. H. Knight, for the careful way he has carried out the drawings of structure. In conclusion, I may say that the other two volumes have made such progress that I hope they will be published within the next three years, bringing the work down to the end of the Pyralidce proper, which is all that is contemplated for the present. The material for the other families is almost Vlll PREFACE. entirely in Lord Walsingham's collection, and will be worked out by him, so that it will not be necessary for others to deal with it, excepting the Crambite, Phycid, and Gallerid sections of the PyralidfBy which cannot be satisfactorily worked out till M. Ragonot publishes his monograph in the Romanoff Memoirs. G. F. HAMPSON. November 27th, 1892. SYSTEMATIC INDEX, HETEROCERA Page Fain. 1. SATUHNIID.E 12 1. Actias, Leach 13 1. selene, Hubn 13 2. meenas, Doubl 14 3. ignescens, Moore .... 14 2. Attacus, Linn 15 1. atlas, Linn 15 2. edwardsi, White 16 3. cynthia, Drury 16 4. ricini, Boisd. 17 3. Anthersea, Hubn 18 1. roylei, Moore 18 2. paphia, Linn 18 3. knyvetti, Hmpsn 19 4. helferi, Moore 20 5. assama, Westw 20 6. andamana, Moore .... 20 7. frithi, Moore 21 4. Saturnia, Schrank 21 1. zuleika, Hope 21 2. thibeta, Westw 22 3. anna, Moore 22 4. grotei, Moore 22 5. lindia, Moore 23 6. pyretorum, Westw. . . 23 7. simla, Westw 23 8. huttoni, Moore 24 9. cachara, Moore 24 10. stoliczkana, Feld 24 5. Loepa, Moore 25 1. katinka, Westw 25 2. simplicia, Maass. fy Weym 26 3. newara, Moore 26 6. Salassa, Moore 26 1. lola, Westw 27 2. royi, Ehues 27 VOL. I. Page 7. Oricula, Wlk 1. trifenestrata, Heifer . . 28 2. drepanoides, Moore . . 29 Fam. 2. 29 1. Brahmsea, Wlk 29 1. wallichii, Gray 30 2. hearseyi, White 31 Fam. 3. BOMBYCID^ 31 1. Bombyx, Hubn 32 1. mori, Linn 32 2. Ectrocta, Hmpsn 33 1. diaphana, Hmpsn 33 3. Ocinara, Wlk 34 1. signifera, Wlk 34 2. apicalis, Wlk 35 3. varians, Wlk 35 4. Gunda, Wlk 36 1. javanica, Moore 36 2. apicalis, Hmpsn 36 3. sikkima, Moore 36 5. Theophila, Moore 37 1. huttoni, Westw 37 2. lugubris, Drury 38 6. Mustilia, Wlk 38 1. falcipennis, Wlk 38 2. sphinglformis, Moore . 39 3. hepatica, Moore 39 7. Andraca, Wlk 40 1. bipunctata, Wlk 40 Fam. 4. EUPTEROTID^ 41 1. Gangarides, Moore 42 1. roseus, Wlk 42 2. Pandala, Wlk 43 1. dolosa, Wlk 43 b SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 3. Melanothrix, Feld. & 1. leucotrigona, Hmpsn. . 44 4. Dreata, Wlk 44 1. hades, Wlk 45 5. Palirisa, Moore 45 1. lineosa, Wlk 45 2. cervina, Moore 46 6. Tagora, Wlk 46 1. patula, Wlk 46 2. pallida, Wlk 47 3. nigriceps, Hmpsn 48 4. murina, Moore 48 7. Pseudojana, Hmpsn 48 1. incandescens, Wlk. . . 48 8. Ganisa, Wlk 49 1. postica, Wlk 49 1. pandya, Moore 50 3. glaucescens, Wlk 50 9. Apha, Wlk 61 1. subdives, Wlk 51 2. floralis, Butl. 52 3. fenestrata, Butl. 52 10. Apona, Wlk. 52 1. caflhmirensis, Koll. . . 52 2. plumosa, Moore 53 3. shevaroyensis, Moore 11. Eupterote, Hiibn 54 1. undata, Blanch 64 2. fabia, Cram 56 3. mollifera, Wlk 67 4. flavicollis, Otter 69 5. diffiisa, Wlk 69 6. primularis, Moore 69 7. geminata, Wlk 60 8. minor, Moore 60 9. lineosa, Wlk 60 10. undans, Wlk 61 11. testncea, Wlk 61 1 2. translata, Swinh 61 l:i. llavida, Moore 61 14. plumipes, Wlk 61 15. vialis, Moore 62 16. citrina, Wlk 62 17. unicolor, Hmpsn 62 12. Nisaga, Wlk 62 1. simplex, Wlk 63 13. Sangatissa, Moore 63 1. subcurvifera, Wlk. .. 63 14. Cnetnocampa, Steph 64 1. cheela, Moore 64 Fam. 5. SPHINGIDJE 65 Subfam. 1. Acherontiina 66 1. Acherontia, Ochsen 67 1. styx, Westw 67 2. lachesis, Fdbr 67 Subfam. 2. Smerinthina 68 1. Polvptychus, Hubn 68 1. dentatus, Cram 69 2. dyras, Wlk 69 3. spectabilis, Butl 71 2. Cypa, Wlk 71 1. decorata. Moore 71 2. decolor, Wlk 71 3. ferruginea, Wlk 72 4. floralis, Butl. 72 3. Daphnusa, Wlk 72 1. ocellaris, Wlk 72 2. porphyria, Butl. 4. Langia, Moore 73 1. zenzeroides, Moore . . 73 6. Leucophlebia, Westw. . . 74 1. lineata, Westw 74 2. emittens, Wlk 75 Subfam. 3. Ambulycinee .... 76 1. Calymnia, Wlk ... 76 I. panopus, Cram 76 2. Ambulyx, Westw 77 1. substrigilis, Westw. . . 77 2. semifervens, Wlk 78 3. rubiginosa, Moore .... 78 4. rubricosa, Wlk 79 5. junonia, Butl 79 6. elwesi, Druce 79 7. phalaris, Cram 79 8. bilineatu, Wlk It. (leucalion, Wlk 80 10. pagana, Fair 80 II. fxustti, L'utl -0 I L'. iinira, \\'txtw 80 Subfam. 4. Cfuerocampinte . . 81 1. Acosmeryx, Boisd. 81 1. ancea, Cram 81 •2. naga, Moore 83 2. Ampelophaga. Brem. # *Q*y?. 83 1 . rubiginosa, Brem. 8f Grey 83 2. dolichoides, Feld 84 3. Chaerocampa, Dup 84 1. elpenor, Linn 84 2. alecto, Linn 85 3. eson, Cram 86 4. theylia, Linn 85 5. celerio, Linn 87 6. lycetus, Cram 87 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. XL Page 7. oldenlandiae, Fabr. . . 87 8. silhetensis, Wlk 88 9. vigil, Guer 88 10. insignis, Butl 89 11. busiris, Wlk 89 12. variolosa, Wlk 89 13. metallica, Butl 89 14. automedon, Wlk 90 15. mydon, Wlk 90 16. assamensis, Wlk 90 17. gloriosa, Butl 91 18. olivacea, Moore 91 19. velata, Wlk 91 20. castanea, Moore 92 21.helops, Wlk 92 22. lucasi, Wlk 92 23. butus, Cram 93 24. mirabilis, Butl 93 25. lineosa, Wlk 93 26. paUicosta, Wlk 94 27. erotus, Cram 94 4. Daphnis, Hubn 94 1. nerii, Linn 94 2. hypothous, Cram 95 3. andamanus, Druce. ... 96 4. layardi, Moore 96 5. ernestinus, Moore .... 96 6. bhaga, Moore 96 7. minimus, Butl 97 5. Dilephila, Ochs 97 1. livornica, Esp 97 2. euphorbias, Linn 98 3. galii, Roth 98 4. dahlii, Geyer 99 6. Theretra, Hubn 99 1. nessus, Drury 99 2. actea, Cram 100 7. Elibia, Wlk 100 1. dolichus, Westw 100 8. Angonyx, Boisd 101 1. testacea, Wlk 101 2. sculpta, Feld 102 Subfam. 5. Sphingince 102 1. Protoparce, Burm 103 1. convolvuli, Linn 103 2. uniformis, Butl 104 2. Pseudosphinx, Burm. . . 104 1. inexacta, Wlk 104 2. erisea, Hmpsn 104 3.fo, Wlk 104 4. nyctiphanes, Wlk. . . 105 5. cyrtolophia, Butl. .... 105 6. discistnga, Wlk 105 7. concolor, Hmpsn 106 Page 3. Apocalypsis, Butl 107 1. velox, Butl 107 4. Nephele, Hubn 108 1. hespera, Fabr 108 Subfam. 6. Macroylossince . . 109 1. Gurelca, Kirby 109 1. hyas, Wlk 110 2. masuriensis, Butt 110 3. macroglossoides, Wlk. 110 4. pusilla, Butl Ill 2. Rhopalopsyche, Butl. . . Ill 1. nycteris, Koll Ill 2. bifasciata,#Mtf. 112 3. Macroglossa, Scop 112 1. fervens, Butl. 112 2. vialis, Butl. 112 3. gyrans, Wlk 113 4. affictitia, Butl. 113 5. stellatarum, Linn 113 6. belis, Cram 113 7. belia, Hmpsn 114 8. proxima, Butl. 114 9. semifasciata, Hmpsn. . 115 10. bengalensis, Boisd. . . 115 11. sitiene, Wlk 115 12. glaucoptera, Butl. 115 13. walkeri, Butl. 116 14. avicula, Boisd. 116 15. lepcha, Butl 116 16. insipida, Butl 117 17.gi\i8i,Herr.-Schaf. .. 117 18. divergens, Wlk 117 19. imperator, Butl. 118 20. rectifascia, Feld. 118 21. faro, Cram 118 22. hemickroma, Butl. . . 118 23. interrupta, Butl. 119 4. Hemaris, Dalm 119 1. fuciformis, Linn 119 2. saundersi, Wlk 119 3. rubra, Hmpsn 120 5. Cephonodes, Hubn 120 1. hylas, Linn 120 6. Sataspes, Moore 121 1. infernalis, Westw 121 2. ventralis, Butl 122 7. Rhodosoma, Butl 122 1. triopus, Westw 122 Fam. 6. NOTODONTID^J 124 1. Tarsolepis,£tttf 126 1. fulgurifera, Wlk 127 2. remicauda, Butl 127 62 rii SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 2. Dudusa, Wlk 1 1. sphingiformis, Moore. . 128 3. Hapigia, Guen 129 1. obliqua, Wlk 129 4. Nadata, Wlk 130 1. niveiceps, Wlk 130 5. Baradesaj Moore 131 1. lithosioides, Moore . . 131 6. Rachia, Moore 131 1. plumosa, Moore 132 2. striata, Hmpm 132 7. Phalera, Hiibn 133 1. parivala, Moore 133 2. sangana, Moore 134 3. torpida, Wlk 134 4. procera, Feld. 134 6. raya, Moore 134 8. Gargetta, Wlk 135 1. costigera, Wlk 135 2. nagaensis, Hmpm. . . 136 3. curvaria, Hmpm 136 4. ingens, Wlk 136 5. albimacula, Hmpm. . . 136 9. Turnaca, Wlk 136 1. acute, Wlk 1:57 10. Norraca, Moore 137 1. longipennis, Moore . . 137 11. Niganda, Moore 138 1. strigifascia, Moore. . . . 138 12. Pydna, Wlk 138 1. testacea, Wlk 139 2. decurrens, Moore .... 139 3. longivitta, Wlk 139 4. nana, Swinh 140 5. pallida, Butl 140 6. ochracea, Moore .... 140 7. galbana, Stcinh 140 8. metaphsea, Wlk 140 9. eupatagia, Hmpm. . . 141 10. aurata, Moore 141 11. fasciata, Moore 141 12. sikkima, Moore 141 13. nigropimetfi, Hrnpm.. . 142 14. nigrofasciata, Hmpsn. . 142 15. basistriga, Moore .... 142 16. ferrifera, Wlk 142 13. Ramesa, Wlk 142 1. tosta, Wlk 143 2. fuscipennis, Hmpsn. . . 143 3. divisa, Moore 143 4. albistriga, Moore .... 143 14. Zana, Wlk 144 1. lignosa, Wlk 144 15. Anticyra, Wlk 144 1. combusta, Wlk 145 16. Antheua, Wlk 145 1. servula, Drury 145 2. exanthemata, Moore . . 146 17. Zaranga, Moore 146 1. pannosa, Moore 146 18. Fentonia, Butl. 147 1. argentifera, Moore. ... 147 2. brunnea, Moore 148 3. obliquiplaga, Moore . . 148 4. apicalis, Moore 148 5. ocypete, Brem 148 6. tenebrosa, Wlk 149 19. Stauropus, Germ 149 1. maculatus, Moore .... 149 ± alternus, Wlk 149 •".. .-ikkimensis, Moore. . . . 150 4. dentilinea, Hmpm. . . 150 5. apicalis, Moore 1 "> 1 6. viridescens, Wlk 151 7. pallidifascia, Hmpsn 161 8. albivertex, Hmpsn. . . 162 9. fasciatus, Moore 162 10. griseus, Hmpsn 1 •">- 11. orliitVr, J/nt/>.«/i 152 12. basiniger, Moore . . . 153 13. vinaceus, Moore ... 153 14. plagiviridis, Moore . 153 20. Somera, Wlk K.:J 1. viridifusca, Wlk. ... 154 21. Liparopsis, Hmpsn. . . . 154 1. postalbida, Hmpsn. . 154 22. Cerura, Schrank 155 1. liturata, Wlk 155 2. prasana, Moore 156 23. Damata, Wlk 156 1 . longipennis, Wlk 1 57 2. microsticta, Hmpm. . . 1 -~>7 24. Dicranura, floisd 157 1. himalayana, Moore . . ]~>* 26. Metasrhsilis, Jfmpsn. .... 15s 1. disrupta, Moore loS 26. Chadisra, Wlk 1-V.» l.bipni-s, ll'lk 159 27. Pheosia, HUlm 160 1. fasciata, Moore 1(U) 2. pulcherrima, Moore . . 1(51 3. excurvata, Ifmpsn. .. K'>1 4. grisea, SicinJi 161 5. strigata, Moore 161 6. sikkima, Moore 162 28. Notodonta, Ochs 162 1. albifascia, Moore .... 162 2. gigantoa, Ehces 162 3. moorei, Hmpsn 163 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Xlll 4. sikkima, Moore 1 5. rufa, Hmpsn 163 29. Hyperajschra, Butl 163 1. pallida, Butl. 164 2. basistriga, Moore .... 164 3. tenebrosa, Moore .... 164 4. basalis, Moore 164 5. nigribasis, Hmpsn. . . 165 6. dentata, Hmpsn 165 7. variegata, Moore .... 165 30. Lophopteryx, Steph 166 1. saturata, Wlk 166 2. atrofusa, Hmpsn 166 3. flavistigma, Moore. . . . 167 4. ferruginosa, Moore . . 167 31. Megaceramis, Hmpsn. . . 167 1. lamprolepis, Hmpsn. . . 167 32. Apela, Wlk 168 1. divisa, Wlk 168 33. Spatalia, Hiibn 168 1. argentifera, Wlk 169 2. gemmifera, Moore .... 169 3. costalis, Moore 170 4. argentata, Moore .... 170 5. albifasciata, Hmpsn. . . 170 6. auritractata, Moore . . 170 7. plusioides, Moore .... 170 34. Besaia, Wlk 171 1. rubiginea, Wlk 171 35. Oleapa, Wlk. , 171 1. latifascia, Wlk 172 36. Ichthyura, Hilbn 172 1. anachoreta, Fabr 172 2. costicomma, Hmpsn. . . 173 3. cupreata, Butl 173 4. restitura, Wlk 174 5. undulata, Hmpsn 174 6. ferruginea, Moore .... 174 37. Cyphanta, Wlk 174 1. xanthocklora, Wlk. . . 175 2. chortochlora, Hmpsn. . 175 Fam. 7. CYMATOPHORIDJE . . 177 1. Habrosyne, Hiibn 178 1. derasa, Linn 178 2. plagiata, Moore 179 3. armata, Moore 179 4. argenteipuncta,.H;w/?sw. 179 5. sanguinea, Moore .... 179 2. Thyatira, Hiibn 180 1. batis, Linn 180 3. Gaurena, Wlk 181 1. florens, Wlk 181 2. aurofasciata, Hmpsn. . 181 3. florescens, Wlk 182 Page 4. fuscescens, Hmpsn. . . 182 5. lichenea, Hmpsn 182 4. Polyploca, Hiibn 182 1. orbicularis, Moore .... 183 2. anguligera, Hmpsn. . . 183 3. renalis, Moore 183 4. albidisca, Warr 183 5. cuprina, Moore 184 6. albicosta, Moore 184 7. albibasis, Hmpsn 184 5. Nemacerota, Hmpsn. . . . . 185 1. cinerea, Warr 185 2. alternate, Moore .... 185 6. Toxoides, Hmpsn 185 1. longipennis, Hmpsn. . . 186 Fam. 8. SESIID^E 187 1. Trochilium, Scop 188 1. ommatiaeforme, Moore 189 2. ignicolle, Hmpsn 189 2. Sphecodoptera, Hmpsn. . . 189 1. repanda, Wlk 189 2. flavicollis, Hmpsn. . . 190 3. Anthrenoptera, Swinh. . . 190 1. contracta, Wlk 190 4. Trilochana, Moore 190 1. scolioides, Moore .... 191 2. ignicauda, Hmpsn. . . 191 5. Sciapteron, Stand 191 1. flammans, Hmpsn 191 2. grotei, Moore 192 3. cgeruleimicans, Hmpsn. 192 4. atkinsoni, Moore .... 192 5. noblei, Sivinh 192 6. sikkima, Moore 193 7. metallicum, Hmpsn. . . 193 8. gracile, Sivinh 193 9. cupreivitta, Hmpsn. . . 193 10. tenuimarginatiim, Hmpsn 193 6. Macrotarsipus, Hmpsn. . . 194 1. albipunctus, Hmpsn.. . 194 7. Ichneurnenoptera, Hmpsn. 194 1. auripes, Hmpsn 194 2. flavicincta, Hmpsn. . . 195 3. xanthosoma, Hmpsn. . 195 4. flavipalpus, Hmpsn. . . 195 5. ignifera, Hmpsn 195 8. Sesia, Fabr 196 1. quinquecincta, Hmpsn. 196 2. minuta, Swinh 196 3. unicincta, Hmpsn. .... 196 4. xanthosticta, Hmpsn. . 197 5. tricincta, Moore 197 Moore . . 197 XIV SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 9. 7. flavicaudata, Moore , . 8. flavipes, Hmpsn ..... Adixoa, Hmpsn ......... 1. alterna, Wlk ......... 2. auricollum, Hmpsn. . . 10. Trichocerota, Hmpsn. . . 1. ruficincta, Hmpsn. . . 11. Tinthia, Wlk ........... 1. cupreipennis, Wlk. . . 12. Ceratocorema, Hmpsn. .. 1. postcristatum, Hmpsn. 13. Aschistophleps, Hmpm. . . 1. lampropoda, Hmpm.. . 2. mehssoides, Hmpsn. . . 14. Oligophlebia, Hmpsn ..... 1. nigralba, Hmpsn ..... 15. Melittia, Wlk. . ........ 1. astarte, Westw ....... 2. pellecta, Swinh ....... 3. volatilis, Swinh ....... 4. eurytion, Westw ..... 5. indica, Buti ......... 6. grandis, Hmpsn. 7. newara, Moore . . . 8. kuluana, Moore . . . I), notabilis, Switi/i. . 10. gigantea, Moore . 11. chalciformis, Fabr. 12. nepcha, Moore . . . 16. Lenyra, Wlk 1. astaroth, Westw. . Fam. 9. TINJEGEBUDJE Page 197 198 198 198 198 199 199 199 199 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 202 202 202 202 203 203 203 203 204 204 204 906 205 1. SneUenia, Wlsm 206 1. coccinea, Wlsm 207 2. tarseUa, Wkm -JO? 2. (Edematopoda, Zell 207 1. clerodendronella, Staint 207 3. Eretmocera, Zell. 208 1. impactella, Wlk 208 Fani. 10. SYNTOMID^E 209 1. Syntomoides, Hmpsn _< )'. ' 1. imaon, Cram 210 2. godartii, Boisd 210 3. hydatina, Butt 210 4. hyalina, Moore 211 5. volans, Swinh 211 6. incipiens, Wlk 211 7. brachypecten, Hmpm. 211 8. microcnilus, Hmpsn. . . 212 2. Syntomis, Ochs 212 1. unifascia, Hmpsn 212 2. atkinsoni, Moore .... 212 3. bicincte, Koll 213 4. cyssea, Cram 213 5. minor, Warr iM:! 6. insueta, Swinfi 213 7. georgina, Butl 213 8. albapex, Hmpsn 214 9. gelatina, Hmpsn 214 10. extensa, Wlk '2\\ 11. lucina, 'Butl 214 12. khasiana, Butl 214 13. flavifrons, Hmpsn - 1 •"> 14. quadrifa8cia,ifm/)5n. . . -!•") 15. divisa, Wlk 215 16. masoni, Moore 215 17. diaphana, Koll iMC. 18. metoa, Wlk 216 19. albifrons, Moore 216 20. discinota, Moore .... - 1 (> 21. fervida, Wlk 217 22. newara, Moore 217 •2 •"•. Icpcha, Moore 217 •Jl. ^lad.-ni, Moore 217 25. grotei, Moore 218 26. vitrea, Wlk 218 87, 1^ 29. chlorocera, Hmpm. . . '2 1 S 30. luteifascia, Hmpsn. . . 218 31. berinda, Moore 219 32. huebneri, Boisd 219 33. wimberleyi, &vinh. . . 219 34. passalis, *Fabr 219 35. formosaB, Butl. 220 36. eressoides, Hmpsn. . . 220 37. cherra, Moore 220 38. multigutta, Wlk 220 39. blanchardi, Pouj 221 40. nigra, Hmpm. ' 221 41. serrata, Hmpsn '221 42. aperiens, Wlk 221 l:J. ochreipuncta, Hmpm. . 222 44. baiaea, Swinh 222 45. era, Swinh 222 46. musa, Swinh 222 47. confinis, Wlk 223 48. subaurata, Wlk 223 49. affinis, Moore 223 50. aterea, Cram 223 61. erythrosoma, Hmpm. . 223 52. pectoralis, Wlk 224 53. thoracica, Moore 224 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 8. Callitomis, Butl 224 1. syntomoides, Butl. . , 224 2. leucosoma, Butl 225 3. multifasciata, Hmpsn. 225 4. Tricheeta, Sivinh 225 1. teneiformis, Wlk 225 5. Psichotoe, Boisd 225 1. duvauceli, Boisd 226 6. Naclia, Boisd 226 1. punctata, Fabr 226 7. Euchromia,""-Hw6w 226 1. magna, Swinh 227 2. polymena, Linn 227 3. orientalis, Butl. 227 4. laura, Butl. 228 5. amcena, Moschl 228 Fam. 11. 228 Subfam. 1. Zyg&nincB ...... 229 1. Zygaena, Fabr ......... 230 1. cashmirensis, Kott. . . 230 2. erythrosoma, Hmpsn. . 231 3. afghana, Moore ...... 231 2. Dendrocera, Hmpsn ..... 231 1. qiiadripunctata,-Hm/>sM. 231 3. Chrysartona, Swinh ..... 232 1. stipata, Wlk ...... ... 232 2. refulgens, Hmpsn ..... 232 4. Brachartpna, Hmpsn ..... 233 1. quadrimaculata, Moore 233 2. catoxantha, Hmpsn. . . 233 5. Gallartona, Hmpsn ..... 233 1. purpurascens, Hmpsn. . 233 6. Artona, Wlk ........... 234 1. postvitta, Moore ...... 234 2. postalba, Elwes ...... 234 3. discivitta, Wlk ....... 234 4. zebraica, Butl ....... 235 5. zebra, Elwes ........ 235 6. sikkimensis, Elwes . . 235 7. confusa, Butl. ........ 236 7. Tasema, Wlk ........... 236 1. bipars, Wlk ......... 236 2. longipennis, Hmpsn. . . 236 3. fuliginosa, Moore ____ 236 4. nigra, Hmpsn ....... 237 8. Lophosoma, Swinh ..... 237 1. cupreum, 237 2. quadricplor, Wlk ..... 237 9. Monoschalis, Hmpsn ..... 238 1. virescens, Hmpsn ..... 238 10. Thyrassia, Butl ......... 238 1. subcordata, Wlk ..... 238 11. Procotes, Butl 239 1. diminuta, Wlk 239 12. Clelea, Wlk 239 1. sapphirina, Wlk 239 2. discriminis, Swinh 240 3. nigroviridis, Elwes .... 240 4. plumbeola, Hmpsn. . . 240 13. Phacusa, Wlk 240 1. dolosa, Wlk 240 2. properta, Swinh 241 3. tenebrosa, Wlk 241 4. cyanocera, Hmpsn. . . 241 5. khasiana, Moore .... 241 14. Goe, Hmpsn 242 1. diaphana, Hmpsn 242 15. Ephemeroidea, Hmpsn. . . 242 1. ariel, Hmpsn 242 2. flavocincta, Hmpsn. . . 242 16. Piarosoina, Hmpsn 243 1. albicinctum, Hmpsn. . 243 17. Platyzygsena, Swinh 243 1. molleri, Elwes 243 18. Arseocera, Hmpsn 244 1. cyanescens, Hmpsn. . . 244 2. posthyalina, Hmpsn. . . 244 19. Arachotia, Moore ...... 245 1. flaviplaga, Moore .... 245 2. vespoides, Moore .... 245 Subfam. 2. Chalcosiina 246 1. Callizygama, Feld 248 1. nivimacula, Feld 248 2. auricincta, Swinh 249 3. gana, Swinh 249 2. Trypanophora, KoU 249 1. semihyalina, Kott 249 2. flavalis, Hmpsn 250 3. taprobanes, Wlk 250 3. Phlebohecta, Hmpsn 251 1. fuscescens, Moore .... 251 2. flavicosta, Elwes 251 4. Soritia, Wlk 251 1. rubrivitta, Wlk 252 2. leptalina, Kott 252 3. sliahama, Moore 253 4. viridivena, Hmpsn. . . 253 5. nigribasalis, Hmpsn. . . 253 6. circinata, Herr.-Schd/. 253 7. obliquaria, Fabr 254 5. Pidorus, Wlk 254 1. circumdatus, Wlk 254 2. geminus, Wlk 254 3. circe, Boisd 255 4. albifascia, Moore 255 XVI SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 5. glaucopis, Drury .... 255 6. miles, i?Mtf 255 6. Heteropan, Wlk 256 1. scintillans, Wlk 256 2. cupreatus, Hmpsn 256 3. flavimacula, Hnipm. . . 256 4. ochreus, Ehoes 256 7. Arbudas, Moore 257 1. tricolor, Moore 257 8. Herpa, Wlk 257 1. venosa, Wlk 257 2. subhyalina, Moore. . . . 258 3. primulina, Elwes .... 258 9. Pintia, Wlk 258 1. ferrea, Wlk 258 2. cyanea, Butl. 2o9 3. latipennis, Hmpsn 259 10. Heterusia, Hope 259 1. raja, Moore 259 2. alompra, Moore 260 3. lativitta, Moore 260 4. tricolor, Hope 260 6. edocla, Doubl 201 G. magnitica, Butl 261 7. virescens, Butl 202 8. cingala, Moore 9. sedea, Linn 262 10. drataraja, Moore . . 11. Milleria, Herr.-Schiiff. . . 262 1. virginal! -. lI,-rr.-Xchaff. 203 2. cyanivena, Hmpsn. . . 263 3. hamiltoni, Swinh 264 4. cardinalis, Moore .... 264 12. Chalcosia, Hiibn 264 1 . griseifusa, Hmpsn. . . 2« J I 2. idaeoides, Herr.-Schiiff. 265 3. argentata, Moore .... 265 4. adalifa, Doubl 265 5. myrrhina, Hmpsn 265 6. affinis, Guer 266 7. corusca, Boisd 266 8. thallo, Linn 266 9. pretiosa, Wlk 267 10. distincta, Guer 267 13. Corma, Wlk 268 1. zenotea, Wlk 268 2. maculata, Hmpsn 268 3. zelica, Doubl 268 14. Cyclosia, Hiibn 269 1. nigrescens, Moore .... 269 2. parvula, Butl 269 3. papilionaris, Dmry . . 269 4. australinda, Hmpsn. . . 270 5. panthona, Cram 270 Page 15. Pompelon, Wlk 271 1. valentula, Swinh 271 2. subcyanea, Swinh 271 16. Amesia, Dune 272 1. sangui flua, Drury .... 272 2. aliris, Doubl 272 3. hyala, Druce 273 17. Erasrnia, Hope 273 1. pulchella, Hope 273 18. Campy lotes, Westw 274 1. histrionicus, Westw. . . 274 2. desgodinsi, Oberth 275 3. atkinsoni, Moore .... 275 19. Cadphises, Moore 275 1. maculata, Moore .... 275 2. rnoorei, Butl 276 20. Isbarta, Wlk 276 1. binghami, Butl 276 2. imitans, Butl 277 3. cuprea, Sirinh i'77 21. Cnllain.'MM. linll 277 1. midama, Herr.-Hchii/. . 278 22. Gynautocera, Guer '. . . 278 1. papilionaris, Guer i'7i) 28. Ili-ti;., Jliihi 279 1. flabellicornis, Fabr. . . 280 2. nilfrira, Moore 3. albiiuaculji. //)n/Mi. . . I'M) 4. cometaris. lint I L'-O 24. Canerces, Moore 281 1. enaohemoidea, Moore.. i'^l 25. Philopator, Moore 283 1. basiinaculata, Moore . i>- 26. Agalope, Wlk 1. hyalina, AW/ 282 27. Chelura, IL^- 283 1. bifasciata, Hope iJ>.J L'. t'ronioides, Moore .... 284 3. basiflava, Moore 284 4. glacialis, Moore 284 28. Elcysnm, Butl 284 1. dohertyi, Elw 285 Subfain. :!. l>l<(u«lina 285 1. Boradia, Moore 286 1. canu-olji, Moore -^'> 2. Anomojotes, Feld 28(3 1. basalis, Moore 286 3. Alopliogaster, Hmpsn. . . 287 1. rubribasis, Hmpsn. . . 287 4. Phauda, Wlk 287 I 1. flaniuians, Wlk 287 2. fuscalis, Sirinh 288 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. XV11 5. Himantopterus, Westw. . . 288 1. dohertyi, Elwes 288 2. caudatus, Moore 288 3. zaida, Doubl. 289 Fam. 12. PSYCHID^E. 289 Subfam. 1. (Eceticince 290 1. (Eceticus, Lands 290 1. tertius, Tempi 290 2. Clania, Wlk 291 1. crameri, Westw 291 2. variegata, Snell 291 3. Amatissa, Wlk 292 1. consorta, Tempi 292 2. cuprea, Moore 292 Subfam. 2. Psychina 292 1. Acanthopsyche, Hey I. . . 293 Subgen. (Eceticoides, Heyl. 293 1. bipars, Wlk 293 2. elwesi, Heyl. 294 3. cana, Hmpsn 294 4. minor, Moore 294 Subgen. Dasaratha, Moore . 294 5. himalayana, Moore . . 294 6. longicauda, Warr.. . . . 294 Subgen. Brachycyttarus, Hmpsn 295 7. subteralbata, Hmpsn. . 295 Subgen. Pteroma, Hmpsn. 296 8. plagiophleps, Hmpsn. . 296 Subgen. Metisa, Wlk 296 9. plana, Wlk 296 10. nioorei, Heyl 296 11. snelleni, Heyl 296 Subgen. Amicta, Heyl 297 12. rhabdophora, Hmpsn. . 297 2. Psyche, Schrank 297 Subgen. Manatha, Moore . . 298 1. albipes, Moore 298 Subgen. Heyla,ertsia,Hmpsn. 298 2. griseata, Hmpsn 298 3. fusca, Hmpsn 298 4. nudilineata, Hmpsn. . . 298 Subgen. Chalioides, Hmpsn. 299 5. vitrea, Hmpsn 299 Subgen. Eurycyttarus, Hmpsn 299 6. pileata, Hmpsn 299 7. nigra, Hmpsn 299 8. rotunda, Hmpsn 299 9. decemvena, Hmpsn . . 300 Subgen. Barandra, Moore . . 300 10. fumata, Moore 300 Subfam. 3. Chaliince 300 1. Chalia, Moore 301 1. doubledayi, Westw. . . 301 2. Mahasena, Moore 301 1. andamana, Moore .... 301 2. hockingij Moore 302 3. Pteroxys, Hmpsn 302 1. goniatus, Hmpsn 302 2. uniformis, Hmpsn 302 Subfam. 4. Canephorince .... 302 1. Moffatia, Moore 302 1. plumicauda, Moore . . 303 Subfam. 5. Psychoidince 303 1. Diabasis, Heyl. 303 1. nilgirensis, Hmpsn. . . 303 2. Aprata, Moore 303 1. mackwoodi, Moore. . . . 304 Fam. 13. COSSIDJE 304 1. Cossus, Fafc 305 1. acronyctoides, Moore . 305 2. nigromaculatus, Hmpsn 305 3. cadambae, Moore 306 4. parvipunctus, Hmpsn. . 308 5. pallidalae, Hmpsn 306 6. stigmaticus, Moore . . 306 2. Duomitus, Butl 307 1. niger, Moore 307 2. ceramicus, Wlk 307 3. strix, Cram 307 4. leuconotus, Wlk 308 5. mineus, Cram 309 6. fuscipars, Hmpsn 309 3. Azygophleps, Hmpsn. . . 309 1. albofasciata, Moore . . 309 2. scalaris, Fabr 310 3. pusilla, Wlk 310 4. Zeuzera, Lair 310 1. conferta, Wlk 310 2. indica, Herr.-Schaff. . . 311 3. postexcisa, Hmpsn. . . 31 1 4. multistrigata, Moore . . 311 5. coffeae, Nietn 312 5. Phragmateecia, Neiom. . . 312 1. castanese, Hiibn 313 2. impura, Hmpsn 313 XV111 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 6. Eremooossus, Hmpsn. . , . Page 313 l.foedus, Swinh 314 Fam. 14. AKBELID.E 314 1. Arbela, Moore 314 1. quadrinotata, Wlk.. . . 314 2. tetraonis, Moore 315 3. dea, Swnh 315 2. Encaumaptera, Hmpsn. . . 1. stigmata, Hmpsn 315 316 Fam. 15. HEPIALID^E 316 1. Palpifer, Hmpsn 1. sexnotatus, Moore 316 317 2. tavoyanus, Moore 317 2. Hepialiscus, Hmpm 1. nepalensis, Wlk 317 317 3. Phassus, Wlk 318 1. aboe, Moore 318 2. punctimargo, Hmpsn. . 3. damor, Moore 319 319 4. purpurascens, Moore . . 319 5. signifer, Wlk 320 6. malabaricus, Mo< 321 7. auratus, Hmpsn ::i'l 8. albofasciatus, Moore . . 821 9. viridis, Hmpm mi Fam. 10. CALLIDULID-S .... 322 1. Cleosiris, Boisd 322 1. catamita, Geyer 322 2. Callidula, Hiibn 323 1. minor, Moore 323 2. erycinoides, Wlk 324 3. attenuata, Moore 324 3. Pterodecta, Butt 324 1. anchora, Moore 826 4. Herimba, Moore 826 1. atkinsoni, Moore .... 325 Fam. 17. DBEPANULIDJE .... 326 1. Euchera, Hiibn 327 1. substigmaria, Hiibn. . . 2. rectificata, Wlk 327 328 3. pitmani, Moore 328 2. Macrocilix, Butl 329 1. mvsticata, Wlk 2. orbiferata, Wlk 329 330 3. Macrauzata, Butt 330 1. fenestraria, Moore .... 330 4. Auzata, Wlk 331 1. semipavonaria, Wlk. . . 331 5. Ditrigona, Moore 331 1. triangularia, Moore . . 332 6. Teldenia, Moore :',:;:_> 1. vestigiata, Butl. :\:\-> 7. Leucodrepana, Hmpm. . . 333 1. idaeoides, Hmpsn 333 2. nivea, Hmpsn 333 3. obliquilinea, Hmpsn. . . 333 8. Drepana, Schr 333 1. uallida, Moore 334 2. hyalina, Moore 334 3. rufofasciata, Hmpsn. . . 334 4. ochreipennis, Hmpsn. . 335 5. quinana, Moore 335 6. innotata, Hmpsn 335 7. fasciata, Hmpm 335 8. specularia, Wlk 335 9. discispilaria, Moore . . :j:;i; 10. perhamata, Hmpm. . . 836 11. muscularia, Wlk 336 12. violacea, Butl 336 I-'!, lilacina, Moore 336 14. orphnina, Hmpsn 337 15. prunicolor, Moore .... :;.".7 16. postica, Moore 17. viii, "a, Mmirc 337 18. fenestraria, Moore .... 337 19. trilinearia, Moore .... 338 20. excisa, Hmpsn 338 21. argenteola, Moore 338 22. argentilinea, Wlk 339 23. pulcherrima, Hmpm. . . 339 24. duplex, Moore 339 26. specularis, Moore .... 340 26. flava, Moore 340 27. albonotata, Moore 340 28. sadana, Moore 341 29. xanthoptera, Hmpm. . . 341 30. ferrea, Hmpsn 341 •'51. quadripunctata, Wlk. . 341 • \'2. vira, Moore 342 33. fulva, Hmpm 342 34. hyalinata, Moore .... 342 9. Spica, Swinh 342 1. luteola, Swinh 343 10. Thymistada, Wlk :M:J 1. tripunctata, Wlk 843 11. Deroca, Wlk 344 1. hyalina, Wlk 344 2. inconclusa, Wlk 344 12. Phalacra, Wlk 345 1, vidhisara, Wlk 345 2. excisa, Hmpsn 345 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. xix Page 13. Drapetodes, Guen 346 1. mitaria, Guen 346 14. Cilix,Ze«cA 347 1. glaucata, Scop 347 15. Oreta, Wlk 347 1. extensa, Wlk 348 2. sanguinea, Moore .... 348 3. violacea, Hmpsn 349 4. obtusa, Wlk 349 5. obliquilinea, Hmpsn. . . 349 6. albipuncta, Hmpsn, . . 349 7. castanea, Hmpsn 350 8. rotundapex, Hmpsn. . . 350 9. payaca, Moore 350 10. griseotincta, Hmpsn. . . 350 11. marginata, Moore .... 351 16. Camptochilus, Hmpsn. . . 351 1. reticulatum, Moore . . 351 Fam. 18. THYRIDID^ 352 1. Addsea, Wlk 353 1. trimeronalis, Wlk. .... 353 2. Striglina, Guen 353 1. scitaria, Wlk 354 2. decussata, Moore .... 354 3. Dixoa, Hmpsn 355 1. albatalis, Sivinh. .... 355 4. Rhodoneura, Guen 355 1. obliqualis, Warr 355 2. acaciusalis, Wlk 356 3. multipunctata, Warr. . 356 4. reticularis, Moore .... 356 5. anticalis, Wlk 357 6. nsevina, Moore 357 7. hypargyra, Hmpsn. . . 357 8. bastialis, Wlk 357 9. myrsusalis, Wlk 357 10. myrtaea, Drury 358 11. semitesselalis, Wlk. . . 358 12. loceusalis, Wlk 358 13. nitens, Butl 359 14. pallida, Butl 359 15. glaphyralis, Hmpsn. . . 359 16. exusta, Butl 359 17. emblicalis, Moore .... 360 18. disparalis, Hmpsn. . . 360 19. atripunctalis, Wlk. . . 360 20. bipuncta, Hmpsn 360 21. vinosa, Butl 361 22. fasciata, Moore 361 23. cuprealis, Hmpsn 361 24. alternate, Moore 362 25. oligosticha, Hmpsn. . . 362 26. subcostalis, Hmpsn. . . 362 365 365 365 365 366 27. ferrofusa, Hmpsn 362 28. uniformis, Hmpsn. . . 362 29. micacealis, Wlk 362 30. striativena, Hmpsn. . . 363 31. splendida, Butl 363 32. bracteata, Hmpsn. . . 363 33. rufareta, Hmpsn 363 34. hypoxantha, Hmpsn.. . 364 35. tristis, Hmpsn 364 36. munda, Warr 364 5. Hypolamprus, Hmpsn. 364 1. striatilis, Sivinh. 2. obscuralis, Hmpsn. 3. lobulatus, Moore . . 4. atrostriatus, Hmpsn. 5. subrosealis, Leech . . 6. angulalis, Moore . . 7. trit'ascialis, Moore . . 6. Camadena, Moore 366 1. vespertilionis, Moore. . 367 7. Herdonia, Wlk 367 1. osacesalis, Wlk 367 8. Dysodia, Clem 368 L ignite. Wlk 368 2. viridatrix, Wlk 369 3. albifurca, Hmpsn 369 9. Glanycus, Wlk 369 1. insolitus, Wlk 369 2. tricolor, Moore 370 10. Hyperthyris, Leech 370 1. aperta, Leech 370 Fam. 19. LIMACODIDJE 371 1. Scopelodes, Westtv 373 1. venosa, Wlk 374 2. sericea, Butl 374 3. unicolor, Westw 375 4. contracta, Wlk 375 2. Hyphorma, Wlk 375 1. minax, Wlk 375 3. Macroplectra, Hmpsn. . . 376 1. minutissima, Swinh. . . 376 4. Oxyplax, Hmpsn 376 1. ochracea, Moore .... 376 5. Susica, Wlk , . . 377 1. pallida, Wlk 377 6. Thosea, Wlk 377 1. cana, Wlk 378 2. aj>eriens, Wlk 378 3. tripartita, Moore .... 378 4. recta, Hmpsn 378 5. fasciata, Moore 379 6. sinensis, Wlk 379 7. unifascia, Wik 379 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Page 8. cervina, Moore 379 9. rara, Swinh 380 10. cotesi, Swinh 380 11. divergens, Moore .... 380 7. Natada, Wlk 380 1. rufescens, Wlk 380 2. convergens, Wlk 381 3. conjuncta, Wlk 381 4. cephica, Swinh 381 5. nararia, Moore 381 6. sericea, Hmpsn 382 7. unicolor, Moore 382 8. ocellata, Moore 382 9. velutina, Koll. . 382 8. Tetraphleps, Hmpsn 383 1. brevilinea, Wlk 383 2. crispa, Swinh 383 3. nilgirica, Hmpsn 383 9. Birthama, Wlk 384 1. junctura, Wlk 384 2. obliqiiifascia, Hmpsn. . 384 10. Contheyla, Wlk 384 1. vestita, Wlk 386 2. propexa, Shrink 385 3. melanosticta, Hmpsn. . 385 11. Miresa, Wlk .'JS5 1. albipuncta, JL-rr.- Xcfaiff. 386 2. inornata, Wlk .'WO 3. argentifera, \\'lk 386 4. bracteata, Butl 387 5. decedens, Wlk 387 <'.. nivaha, Moore 3S7 \-2. Parasa, Moore 387 1. lepida, Cram 388 2. repanda, Wlk 388 3. dharma, Moore 388 4. argentilinea,.Hw/>8n.. . 389 5. hilaris, Westw 389 6. pastoralis, Butl 389 7. punica, Herr.-Schdff. . 389 8. similis, Feld. , 389 9. Isabella, Moore 390 10. bicolor, Wlk 390 11. viridis, Hmpm 390 12. albipuncta, Hmpsn. . . 390 13. herbifera, Wlk 390 14. dentata, Ilmpsn 391 13. Spatulitimbria, Hmpsn. . . 391 1. castaneiceps, Hmpsn. . 391 14. Idonauton, Swinh 391 1. apicale, Wlk 392 15. Chalcocelis, Hmpsn 392 1. fumifera, Swinh 392 16. Triplophleps, Hmpsn. .. :!«.»:.' 1. inferma, Swinh 393 17. Orthocraspeda, Hmpsn. . . 393 1. trima, Moore '•>"'•> 18. Ceratonema, Hmpsn 393 1. albifusum, Hmpsn. . . 394 2. retractatum, Wlk 394 3. fasciatum, Hmp#n. .. .'>'.) i 19. Arseogyia, Hmpsn 394 1. spatulata, Hmpsn 395 2. castanea, Hmpsn 3U~> 20. Cania, Wlk 395 1. bilinea, Wlk 2. bandura, Moore 3. pulligonis, Swinh •' '•• »' > 21. Altha, Wlk 396 1. castaneipars, Moore . . 396 2. nivea, Wlk 397 3. lacteola, Swinh M7 4. adala, Moore -W •"). rufotessellata, Moore. . 398 6. contaminata, Hinpsn. . 398 22. Narosa, Wlk :J'.»s 1. conspersa, Wlk 898 '2. dii'iiia. Moore .'5(.'(-> 23. Belippa, Wlk :','.).) 1. laU;;ina. Moore :;'.»'.) -. llmracica. Moore .... -100 3. apicata, M <>,„•>' -inn 4. lohor, Moore -UK) 24. Na-o,la. Moon' 400 1. nigricans, Moore .... 101 25. Mahauta, Moore 401 1. quadrilinea, Moore . . 401 Fam. 20. LASIOCAMPID^: . . 40^ 1. Bhima, Moore 404 1. undulosa, Wlk 404 2. Taragama, Moore 404 1. dorsalis, Wlk 405 2. siva, Lef. 4(V> 3. Suaua, Wlk 400 1. concolor, Wlk 406 4. Lebeda, Wlk 407 1. nobilis, Wlk 107 5. ]\Ietiinastria, Hubn 408 1. acniiyta, Crnm 408 2. nanda, Moore 4()(.) 3. latipennis, Wlk 409 4. fulgens, Moore 409 5. lidderdalii, Butl 410 6. ampla, Wlk 410 7. undans, Wlk 410 8. hyrtacea, Cram 410 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. XXI 9. repanda, Wlk 411 10. recta, Wlk 411 11. obliquifascia, Swinh. . . 412 6. Arguda, Moore 412 1. flavovittata, Moore . . 412 2. bheroba, Moore 413 3. rosea, Hmpsn 413 4. vinata, Moore 413 5. rectilinea, Hmpsn 414 6. decurtata, Moore .... 414 7. albigutta, Wlk 414 7. Syrastrena, Moore 414 1. minor, Moo?-e 415 8. Bharetta, Moore 415 1. cinnamomea, Moore . . 415 2. flammans, Hmpsn. . . 416 9. Chilena, Wlk 416 1. similis, Wlk 416 2. strigula, Wlk 417 10. Clisiocampa, Steph 417 1. indica, Wlk 417 11. Alompra, Moore 417 1. ferruginea, Moore .... 418 12. Kosala, Moore 418 1. sanguine a, Moore .... 418 2. modulata, Swinh 419 3. rufa, Hmpsn 419 4. flavosignata, Moore . . 419 13. Trichiura, Steph. ........ 420 1. khasiana, Moore .... 420 14. Crinocraspeda, Hmpsn. . . 420 1. torrida, Moore 420 15. Trabala, Wlk 421 1. vishnu, Lef. 421 2. irrorata, Moore 422 16. Lenodora, Moore 422 1. vittata, Wlk 423 2. signata, Moore 423 3. semihyalina, Swinh. . . 424 17. Estigena, Moore 424 1. pardalis, Wlk 424 18. Odonestis, Germar 425 1. laeta, Wlk 425 2. divisa, Moore 426 3. castauea, Hmpsn 426 4. signata, Moore 426 5. isocyma, Hmpsn 427 6. pynformie, Moore .... 427 7. plagifera, Wlk 427 8. lineata, Moore 427 19. Gastropacha, Ochs 428 1. undulifera, Wlk 428 2. sinuata, Moore 428 3. divarieata, Moore .... 4:29 20. Stenophylloides, Hmpsn. . 429 1. sikkima, Moore 429 Fam.21. PTEBOTHYSANID^J . . 430 1. Pterothysamis, Wlk. . . .430 1. laticilia, Wlk 430 2. atratus, Bull 431 3. noblei, Surinh 431 4. pictus, Butl 431 Fam. 22. LYMANTRIID^ 432 1. Varmina, Moore 434 1. indica, Wlk 435 2. Lachana, Moore 435 1. ladacensis, Moore .... 435 3. Orgyia, Ochs 436 1. ppstica, Wlk 436 2. viridescens, Wlk 437 3. turbata, Butl. 437 4. Aroa, Wlk 437 1. maxima, Hmpsn 437 2. major, Hmpsn 437 3. plana, Wlk 438 4. subnotata, Wlk 438 5. sienna, Hmpsn 438 6. simplex, Wlk 438 7. ciunamomea, Moore . . 439 8. socrus, Geyer 439 9. pyrrhochroma, Wlk. . . 439 10. sagrara, Swinh 439 11. atrella, Hmpsn 439 12. aurantifascia, Hmpsn. . 440 13. xerampelina, Sivinh. . . 440 5. Laelia, Steph 440 1. suffiisa, Wlk 441 2. devestita, Wlk 441 3. lilacina, Moore 441 4. rubripennis, Moore . . 441 5. umbrina, Moore .... 442 6. cardinalis, Hmpsn. . . 442 7. exclamationis, Koll. . . 442 8. testacea, Wlk 442 9. litura, Wlk 443 10. venosa, Moore 443 11. atestacea, Hmpsn 443 12. lieterogyna, Hmpsn. . . 443 6. Pantana, Wlk , 443 1. bicolor, Wlk 444 2. visum, Hubn. . e 444 3. terminata, Wlk 444 4. interjecta, Swinh 445 5. albifascia, Wlk 445 XX11 SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 7. Thiacidas, Wlk 1. postica, Wlk 445 2. vilis, Wlk 446 8. Cifuna, Wlk 446 1. locuples, Wlk 446 2. cervma, Moore 447 9. Dasychira, Steph 447 1. complicata, Wlk 447 2. lineata, Wlk 448 3. horsfieldi, Saund 448 4. thwaitesi, Moore .... 449 5. albescens, Moore .... 449 6. cinctata, Moore 449 7. strigata, Moore 449 8. varia, Wlk 450 9. perdix, Moore !">() 10. orunnescens, Moore . . 450 11. chloroptera, Hmpsn.. . }•"><> 12. virescens, Moore .... 4~>1 13. flavimacula, Moore . . 451 14. olearia, Sivinh 451 15. bhaoa, Moore 451 16. mcerens, Feld 452 17. mendosa, Hiibn 452 18. inclusa, Wlk 463 in. securis, Hiibn 453 10. Mardara, Wlk \~>\ 1. plagidotata, Wlk 454 2. irrorata, Moore 4-V> 3. caligramma, Wlk 455 4. albostriatn, Hmpsn. . . 455 11. Numenes, Wlk 455 1. siletti, Wlk 456 2. patrana, Moore 456 12. Pida, Wlk 457 1. apicalis, Wlk 457 2. strigipennis, Moore . . 457 13. Daplasa, Moore 458 1. variegata, Moore .... 458 2. irrorata, Moore 458 14. Heracula, Moore 458 1. discivitta, Moore .... 459 15. Lymantria, Hiibn 459 1. incerta, Wlk 460 2. ampla, Wlk 460 3. obfuscata, Wlk 460 4. rhodina, Wlk 461 5. obsoleta, Wlk 461 6. ascetria, Hiibn 462 7. concolor, Wlk 462 8. similis, Moore 462 9. todara, Moore 463 10. beatrix, Stoll 463 11. grisea, Moore 464 12. mathura, Moore 464 13. viola, Surinh 465 14. grandis, Wlk 465 15. rosea, Hmpsn 465 16. lepcha, Moore 465 17. bivittata, Moore 466 18. semicincta, Wlk 466 16. Imaus, Moore 466 1. mundus, Wlk 467 2. albus, Moore 467 17. Himala, Moore 467 1. argentea, Wlk 468 18. Gazalina, Wlk 468 1. apsara, Moore 468 2. chrysolopha, Kott 469 3. transversa, Moore .... 469 19. Topornesa, Wlk 469 1. subinanis, Wlk 469 20. Dactylorhyncha, Hmpsn. . 470 1. pallida," Hmpsn 470 21. Euproctis, Hiibn 470 1. negrita, Hmpsn 471 2. renominata, Hmpsn. . . 471 3. divisa, Wlk 471 4. latifascin. \\'lk 472 5. subfasciata, Wlk 472 6. bimaculnta, Wlk 472 7. luimtn, Wlk 472 8. semisignata, Wlk 473 9. venosa, Moore 473 10. rhoda, Swinh 473 11. inconcisa, 717/r 474 12. sulphurescens, Moore . 474 13. fulvipuncta, Hmpsn.. . 474 14. ]M.>tincisa, Moore .... 474 15. semivitta, Moore .... 474 16. bifascia, Hiiipm 475 17. flaviiuita, ll'lk 476 18. varians, Wlk 476 19. subfuscula, Hmpsn. . . 476 L'O. ct-rvina, Moore 475 21. anguligera, Butt. .... 476 22. arenacea, Hmpsn 476 L':J. vitellina, Kott 476 24. digramma, Gutr 477 25. guttata, Wlk 477 26. fraterna, Moore 477 27. apicalis, Wlk 478 28. antiphates, Hmpsn. . . 478 29. costalis, Wlk 478 30. antica, Wlk 479 31. plana, Wlk 479 32. icilia, Stoll 479 33. plagiata, Wlk 480 34. madana, Moore 480 35. varia, Wlk 480 SYSTEMATIC OTDEX. XX115 Page 36. flavimaculata, Hmpsn. 480 37. margin ata, Moore .... 480 38. albopunctata, Hmpsn. . 481 39. albodentata, Moore . . 481 40. lativitta, Moore 481 41. variegata, Hmpsn 481 42. nigripenms, Hmpsn. . . 481 43. abjecta, Swinh 482 44. rana, Moore 482 45. bipartita, Moore 482 46. sagroides, Hmpsn 482 47. uniforniis, Moore .... 483 48. luteifascia, Hmpsn. . . 483 49. scintillans, Wlk 483 50. basalis, Moore < 483 51. bipunctapex, Hmpsn. . 484 52. atomaria, Wlk 484 53. magna, Swinh 484 22. Porthesia, Steph 484 1. xanthorrhoea, Soil. . . 485 2. aurantiaca, Hmpsn. . . 485 23. Perina, Wlk 486 1. nuda, Fabr 486 2. pura, Wlk 486 24. Leucoma, Steph 487 1. comma, Hutton 487 2. submarginata, Wlk. . . 487 3. flavescens, Moore .... 488 4. divisa, Wlk 488 5. diaphana, Moore .... 488 6. thyridophora, Hmpsn. . 488 7. fenestrata, Hmpsn. . . 489 8. subvitrea, Wlk 489 25. Caviria, Wlk 489 1. cygna, Moore 489 2. clara, Wlk 490 3. sericea, Moore 490 4. ochripes, Moore 490 5. rinaria, Moore 490 6. costalis, Moore 491 26. Dendrophleps, Hmpsn. . . 491 1. semihyalina, Hmpsn. . 491 I 27. Cispia, Wlk 492 1. punctifascia, Wlk 492 2. venosa, Wlk 492 3. alba, Moore 493 4. puncticilia, Moore .... 493 5. flavipes, Hmpsn 493 28. Ratarda, Moore 493 1. marmorata, Moore . . 494 Fam. 23. HYPSIDJE 495 1. Euplocia, Hiibn 495 1. membliaria, Cram. . . 496 2. Peridrome, Wlk 496 1. orbicularis, Wlk 497 2. subfascia, Wlk 497 3. Hypsa, Hiibn 498 1. marrnorea, Wlk 498 2. butleri, Swinh 499 3. dominia, Cram 499 4. monycha, Cram 499 5. clavata, Butt. 500 6. canaraica, Moore .... 500 7. complana, Wlk 500 8. tortuosa, Moore 501 9. helicoma, Linn 501 10. subsimilis, Wlk 501 11. egens, Wlk 501 12. andamana, Moore . . , . 502 13. concana, Moore 502 14. javana, Cram 502 15. alciphron, Cram 502 16. sericea, Moore 503 17. producta, Butl 503 18. inops, Wlk 503 19. privata, Wlk 503 20. ficus, Fabr 504 4. Digama, Moore 504 1. burmana, Hmpsn 504 2. hearseyana, Moore . . 505 3. insulana, Feld 505 4. fasciata, Butl 505 5. marchali, Guer 505 LEPIDOPTEKA HETEROCEEA. BUTTERFLIES and MOTHS, Lepidoptera, are for the most part easily distinguishable from other insects by : — (1) the maxillae being pro- duced into a tubular proboscis, which, however, is entirely obsolete in some groups, such as the Psychidce, ffepialidce, Phaudince, Saturniidce^ and some SesUdce, Pyralidce, &c. ; (2) by the mandibles being obsolete except in the low forms (Micropterygidce) and a few Tineidce ; (3) by the broad, regularly veined wings, nearly always covered with minute scales, which are modified hairs, all the grada- tions between the extreme forms of hair and scale being often found on the same insect ; the females, however, of Psychids and some Lymantriidce, Geometers, Tineas, &c. are wingless. The Larvae are cylindrical and worm-like, consisting of a head with biting mandibles and eleven somites ; they have three pairs of corneous, jointed, thoracic limbs, and from one to five pairs of abdominal fleshy prolegs, the legs being but rarely absent, as in most Psychidce ; most of the somites have paired, lateral, valved stigmata, for conducting the air-supply to the tracheal system, which ramifies throughout the body. The Larvae, when full-fed, turn to Pupae, in which stage the head and thorax are soldered together, as are also the appendages of the head and the limbs. During this stage the whole of the tissues of the body undergo degeneration into a liquid fatty substance, except the nerve-centres and some bodies attached to them known as " imaginal disks," which are the rudiments of the future body, wings, and legs, and which, by absorbing the products of the degenerated tissues, gradu- ally grow and build up the perfect insect till ready to emerge from the Pupa skin. The Heterocera, or Moths, in their perfect stage, may be known from the Ehopalocera, or Butterflies, by the latter having knobbed or dilated antennae, which in all the families except Hesperiidce have an abruptly rounded extremity ; in most Hesperiidce the knob of the antenna is produced into a hooked tip, gradually fining to a point, and this form of antenna is found in some moths, such as the Castniidce and some Sesiidce, but in these families the " frenulum " or hook for securing the hind wings to the catch or " retinaculum " of the fore wing is always present. This is never developed in any butterfly, whilst the families of moths that have the frenulum absent, the Saturniidce, Bombycidce, Hepialidce, Lasiocampidce, some Callidulidce, &c., never have the antennae knobbed. Home other families of moths, such as the Sphinyidce, and in a lesser degree the Ayaristidce, have the antennae gradually thickened into a club ; but this is very different from the abrupt knob of butterflies, and in these moths again the frenulum is always present. The head of a Lepidopterous insect consists of three pieces — the occiput or basal piece lying behind the ocelli, the epicranium VOL. I. B INTRODUCTION. behind the antennae and bearing the eyes and ocelli, and the clypeus, which constitutes the front of the head and is so distinctive of the Lepidoptera by reason of its large size. The labrum is very minute ...•••".•'•••' Fig. 1. — Head of a Leptdopteroua iusivt fr.mi alum- and from the side. (From Packard's Guide, p. li: '.'_'. ) at. Antennir. ec. Epicranium. c. Clypeus. oc. Occiput. e. Eye. ///. Mandibles. I. Labrum. mx. Probox-is. m.p. Maxillary palpi. /./>. Labial palpi. o. Ocellus. and concealed by the clypeus ; the labium is small, short, and tri- angular: and the mentmn nearly obsolete, its place lie ing supplied by the max ilia-, which form a long grooved proboscis. In some important papers by A. Walter*, it- is shown that the maxillary palpi, whilst obsolete in some species, are from 1- to 6-jointed in those that possess them; Micro^t, /•//./• has the largest number of joints, G; in the Tineas and Tort rices the immlier is very variable ; in the Pyrales 4, in the Noctues generally 2, but sometimes 3; in the Bombyces 1 or "2 ; in Rhopalocera, Sphinyi/iplemida9. Bombycide. " Sphingidaj. Cymatophorida?. Lymantriidae. Hyp8id«. Arctiidje. Lithosiins?. Nycteolinae. Agaristidac. Noctuida? Trifldae. Noctuidas Quadrifidae. Hypeninae. Limacodidae. Iji.lromiida Lasiocampitla-. Syntomida?. Zygacnidae. IMiaii.lina-. Castniidae. Chaleosiinae. Heterogynidae. Psychidaj. (Solenobia.) Hepialidae. Micropterygidae. INTRODUCTION. Key to the Families of Moths. I. Antennae knobbed or dilated; frenulum absent II. Antennae rarely knobbed ; frenulum gene- rally present, and always in the forms that have knobbed antennas A. Fore wing with vein 5 from the centre of discocellulars, or nearer 6 than 4. a. Frenulum rudimentary b. Frenulum absent. a'. Proboscis present ; legs with spurs. a2. Hind wing with vein 8 remote from 7. a3. Fore wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked . . . k b3. Fore wing with veins 6 and 7 not stalked bz. Hind wing with vein 8 nearly touching 7 after end of cell .... b'. Proboscis absent; legs without spurs. a2. Hind wing with one internal vein b2. Hind wing with two or three internal veins c. Frenulum present. a'. Antennae fusiform b'. Antennae filiform. a2. Proboscis absent b'2. Proboscis present. a3. Hind wing with vein 8 curved and almost touching 7 after end of cell ; vein 1 a reaching anal angle b3. Hind wing with vein 8 remote from 7 after end of cell. «4. Tarsi short as tibiae and hairy : stoutly built moths . 64. Tarsi long and naked: slightly built moths. a5. Fore wing with vein 7 remote from 8, and gene- rally stalked with 6 .... b5. Fore wing with vein 7 given oft' from 8 ; hind wing with vein 1 a short or absent . . RHOPALOCERA. (BUTTERFLIES.) HETEROCERA. (MOTHS.) 27. Epicopiidae. 28. Uraniidae. * Ceratocampidae. 2. Brahmaeidae. 1. Saturniidae. 3. Bombycidae. 5. Sphingidae. 4. Eupterotidae. 7. Cymatophoridae. 6. Notodontidae f- 29. Epiplemidae. 30. Geometridae . * Not known to occur in India. t The genus Cyphanta has vein 5 of the fore wing from lower angle of cell, and may be a connecting link with the Noctuidce. \ Three genera of Geometridce which do not occur in India hare vein 8 of the hind wing curved, and nearly touching 7 after end of cell, but are easily distinguished from the Cymatophoridce by the shortness of vein 1 a. In two or three ancestral or distorted genera vein 7 of the fore wing is stalked with 6 ; and in several genera the frenulum is absent. 10 INTRODUCTION. B. Fore wing with vein 5 from lower angle of cell or nearer 4 than 6. a. Hind wing with more than 8 veins. a'. Proboscis absent; no mandibles nor ligula b'. Mandibles, free palps, and ligula present b. Hind wing with not more than 8 veins, a'. Hind wing with vein 8 remote from 7 after origin of veins 6 and 7. a2. Frenuluin absent. a3. Hind wing with one internal vein;. vein 8 with a precostal spur fr\ Hind wing with two internal veins. a*. Hind wing with a bar be- t ween veins 7 and 8 near the base ; vein 1 a to middle of inner margin b*. Hind wing with no bar be- tween veins 7 and 8 ; vein 1 a to anal angle c3. Hind wing with thivr internal veins i2. Frenuluin present. a3. Hind wing with vein 8 abm-trd. Hind wing with vein N pivsrnt. 15. Hepialidae. * Micropterygidae. a4. Antennie knobbed •21. Pterothysanidae. * Endromiidae. 20. Lasiocampidae. 14. Arbelidae. 10. Syntomidae. * Castniidae. A nt enure, filiform, or rarely dilated. i5. Fore wing with vein 1 c present. «c. Hind wing with vein 8 free from the base or connected with 7 by a bar. a7. Proboscis present . . b7. Proboscis absent. as. Palpi rarely absent ; 5 winged; larvse wood -borers .... b8. Palpi absent ; $ ap- terous. a9. with and case- $ rarely legs ; larvse dwellers ...... $ and larvae free. b6. Hind wing with vein 8 anastomosing shortly with 7 . . b9. 1 1 . Zygaenidae ] . . Cossidae. 2. Psychidas. * Heterogynidae. 19. Limacodidae. * Not known to occur in India. t In ihc degraded subfamily Phaudince the mouth-parts are absent, aud in Himantoptcrus there is no frenulum ; in Anomceotes vein 1 c of the i'ore wing is absent. INTEODUCTION. 11 b\ Fore wing with vein 1 c absent. a6. Hind wing with vein 8 rising out of 7 24. Arctiidae *. bG. Hind wing with vein 8 connected with 7 by a bar, or touching it near middle of cell. a\ Palpi with the third joint naked and reaching far above vertex of head ; pro- boscis present 23. Hypsidae. b7. Palpi not reaching above vertex of head ; proboscis absent or very minute 22. Lymantriidae t. c6. Hind wing with vein 8 anastomosing shortly with 7 near the base ; proboscis well deve- loped. a7. Antennae more or less dilated 25. Agaristidae. b7. Antennae liliform. ... 26. Noctuidae J. b'. Hind wing with vein 8 curved and nearly or quite touching vein 7, or anastomosing with it after origin of veins 6 and 7. «2. Hind wing with vein 1 c absent. a3. Hind-wing vein 8 with a pre- costal spur 16. Callidulidae. b3. Hind-wing vein 8 with no pre- costal spur. a4. Hind wing with vein 1 a absent or very short 17. Drepanulidae. b*. Hind wing with vein 1 a almost or quite reaching anal angle 18. Thyrididae. 62. Hind wing with vein 1 c present. 31. Pyralidae §. C. Fore wing with veins 4 to 11 arising from the cell at almost even distances apart, a. Wings not divided into plumes. a'. Hind wing with vein 8 coincident with 7 . . 8. Sesiidae. * In a few Arctiince vein 8 of the hind wing is constructed as in Noctuida, but they can be discriminated by the bar form of the retinaculum in <5 ; for Lithosiinfe, Nycteolina, and Nolinee, see notes to the subfamilies. t In the ancestral genus Ratarda the frenulum is absent. J A few genera of Noctuidce have the proboscis aborted. § In a few lowly Pyralidce the veins of the fore wing are given off at even distances from the cell, but they can be discriminated by the structure of vein 8 of the hind wings. 12 SATURNIID^E. 6'. Hind wing with vein 8 free. a2. Fore wing with vein 1 b simple or with a very minute fork at base 62. Fore-wing vein 1 a forming a large fork with 1 b at base .... b. Wings divided into plumes. a'. Fore wing divided into at most two ; hind wing into three plumes .... b'. Fore wing and hind wing each divided into throo plumes ........ 34. Alucitidae. 0. Tinaegeriidae. 32. Tineidae. 33. Pterophoridae. Family SATURNIIDJE. Large crepuscular-flying moths. Proboscis absent; palpi minute. Antennae bipectinated in both sexes, the branches long in (51 , longest at middle and diminishing to base and apex. Legs short, hairy, and without spurs. Fore wing with vein 1 b forked at base ; 1 c absent ; the discocellulars (when present) emitted from vein 5, which is stalked with 6 ; veins 10 and 11 absent. Hind wing without a frenulum ; a precostal vein slightly deve- loped ; the discocellulars emitted from vein 5, which is stalked with 6 ; one internal vein. Larvas smooth, with spiniferous tubercles, dorsal humps, long fleshy spinous processes, or small warts ; and forming cocoons, those produced by several of the species giving the Tussur silks of commerce. -:^ Fig. 7. — Larva of Anthercea paphia. }. (From Moore, Lep. Cevl. ii, pi. 125, fig. 1 b.) Key to the Genera. a. Hind wing with anal angle produced into a long tail 1. ACTIAS, p. 13. b. Hind wing with anal angle not produced into a tail. a'. The cell of both wings open 2. ATTACUS, p. 15. b'. The cell of both wings closed. a2. Veins 5 and 6 of both wings given off far from base. 3. ANTHER^EA, p. 18. ACTIAS. 13 a3. Fore wing with costa incurved near base, excurved towards apex; the the outer margin highly excised . . 63. Fore wing with the costa evenly curved ; outer margin less excised. a4. Fore wing with apex rounded. a5. Tibise naked 4. SATUBNIA, p. 21. b5. Tibiae hairy 5. LOEPA, p. 25. 64. Fore wing with apex acute 6. SALASSA, p. 26. . Veins 5 and 6 of both wings given off much nearer the base 7. CBICULA, p. 28. Genus ACTIAS. Actias, Leach, Zool Misc. ii, p. 25 (1815). Tropaaa, Hiibn. Verz. p. 152 (1818). Plectropteron, Hutton, Trans. Ent. Soc. v, p. 45 (1847). Argenia, Wallengr. Ofv. Kongl. Vet.-Ak. 1858, p. 140. Type, A. luna, Linn., from N. America. Range. N. America ; Natal ; Japan ; China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Andamans. Fore wing with the apex produced and acute. Hind wing with the anal angle produced into a long tail, veins 2, 3, 4 being curved and running to the tip of the tail. 1. Actias Selene, Hubn. Samml. exot. Schmett. i. pi. 172, fig. 3; C. $ S. no. 1534; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii. pi. 126, figs. 1, la (larva). Plectropteron dianre, Hutt. A. M. N. H. xvii, 1846, p. 60. Fig. 8. — Actias selene, tf. £. Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; palpi piiik, prothorax. 14 SATURNIIDjE. with a dark pink band ; legs pink. Fore wing very pale green, white at base ; a dark pink costal fascia, darkest along subcostal nervure ; an outwardly-oblique pale yellow antemedial line ; two inwardly-oblique slightly curved submarginal lines ; a pale yellow marginal band ; a dark red-brown lunule at end of cell, with a grey line on it, bounding inwardly a round ochreous spot with pinkish centre. Hind wing similar to the fore wing ; the central portion of the tail pinkish. $ . The outer margin less excised and waved ; the yellow mark- ings less developed ; the antemedial line of fore wing nearer the base, and that on hind wing absent ; the tail less pink. Larva apple-green; paired dorsal and lateral yellow spinous tubercles on each somite except the last ; dorsal yellow hairs ; lateral and ventral black hairs ; the pad to anal claspers rufous. Cocoon pale brown and oval. Hub. China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp., 3 132-166, $ 140-182 millim. 2. Actias maenas, Doubt. A. M. N. H. xix, 1847, p. 95, pi. 7, fig. 1 ; 6'. ^ & no. ir>:;:;. Saturnia leto, Doubl. Proc. Ent. Soc. 1847, p. li, pi. 15 ; C. Sf S. no. 1532. (S . Differs from selene in being pale yellow ; the collar pink ; the thorax and abdomen blotched with pink above. Pore wing pink at base ; a broad pinkish antemedial band with waved edges enclosing a yellow spot below the subcostal nervure ; the lunule and ochreous mark in the form of a crescent from the costal band to the lower angle of cell, the lunule being reversed and pointing inwards ; two waved pinkish postmedial diffused lines, the outer line double, with a costal streak from it to the apex ; the lower half of the outer area pinkish ; no marginal pink line. Hind wing with the antemedial band narrower than on fore wing ; a waved postmedial line ; the tail longer, broader, and all pink except the spatulate end. $ . Without the pink blotches on thorax and abdomen ; win^s without the broad pink markings ; fore wing with a nearly erect antemedial line ; a waved postmedial line which may be obsole- scent ; both wings with a marginal pink line ; tail broad and only pink at middle. Hob. Sikhim ; Bhutan; Khasi Hills; Sibsagar ; Burma. Exp., 3 158, $ 172 millim. 3. Actias ignescens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 602; C. $ S. no. 1531. c? . Differs from mcenas in the basal pink patch of the fore wing joining the postmedial band, the pink covering the whole of the fore wing except a patch near the base, one before the lunule, one on the costa above it, one below the apex, and a spot between veins 2 and 3. Hind wing with the pinkish subbasal band broader ACTIAS. — ATTACUS. 15 than in mcenas, with its outer edge more irregular ; the whole tail pinkish, except the tip. Hab. Andamans. Exp. 164 millim. (Lp., £ 224, $ 250 millim. 5. Attacus edwardsi, White, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 115, pi. 57; C.$ S. no. 1538. Differs from atlas in the legs being fringed \\ith white; the thorax and abdomen darker ; the first segment of abdomen white ; paired dorsal white segmental streaks from the third segment to extremity, which is white ; two lateral and two ventral white lines. Fore wing much darker, the antemedial line inwardly black, outwardly white; the triangular hyaline spot edged with yellow-brown, and not touching the postmedial line; no hyaline streak ; the postmedial line white and broader ; the sub- apical streak black and short ; a prominent waved white line between it and the black spot at end of the crimped membrane ; the marginal band yellow within the waved black line, which is broader. Hind wing with similar differences from atlas; the black spots on the marginal band much larger. Hab. Sikhim ; Shillong. Exp. 250 millim. 6. Attacus Cynthia, Drury, Exot. Ins. ii, pi. 6, fig. 2; C. $ S. no. 1537; Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. pi. 20, tigs. 3, 3 a. Attacus vesta, Wlk. Cat. xxxti, p. 525 ; C. $ S. no. 1544. Attacus canning Wlk. Cat xxxii, p. 525 ; C. # S. no. 1536. Attacus walkeri, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. vi, p. 34. Attacus pryeri, Bull. 111. Het. iii, p. 11, pi. 43, fig. 5. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown ; collar and metathorax fringed with white ; abdomen with the 1st segment white ; a A.TTACUS. 17 dorsal white line with segmental white tufts on each side of it ; a series of lateral white tufts ; paired sublateral and ventral white lines. Wings pale yellowish brown. Tore wing with a white antemedial line, outwardly oblique from the costa to vein 2, then bent back to the base of inner margin ; a narrow hyaline lunule on the discocellulars, inwardly edged with fuscous, outwardly with yellow ; a postmedial fuscous, white, pink, and pinkish-white band, generally curved and angled at the lunule, sometimes nearly straight ; outer area irrorated with fuscous ; apical area suffused with pink ; a white and dark ocellated mark near the margin between veins 7 and 8, with a waved white line from it to the costa ; outer margin pale brown ; a dark submarginal line den- tated between veins 6 and 7. Hind wing similar, the antemedial line oblique and not angled ; some fuscous streaks on the marginal band inside the line. Typical cynihia from Java is the palest form, with the pinkish- white suffusion beyond the postmedial band of both wings, which is nearly straight, diffused along the veins ; walkeri=can- ninyii=vesta from China and India is darker fulvous, with the postmedial band curved and the suffusion beyond more restricted ; while pryeri from Japan is again considerably darker. This is the " Arrundi " or "Eria" Moth of silk-culture. Larva pale green or whitish, with one dorsal and two lateral pairs of darker spines. Cocoon pale brown. Hab. Japan ; China ; Himalayas ; Assam ; Cachar ; Java ; and ? Nilgiris. Exp., <3 136, $ 144 millim. 7. AttacilS ricini, Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fi: 1854, p. 755 ; C. $ S. no. 1541 ; Moore, Wardtis Wild Silks, pi. 8, figs. 1, 2. Attacus lunula, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1221. Attacus guerini, Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 269 ; C. fy S. no. 1539. Attacus obscurus, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1879, p. 5 ; C. $ S. no. 1540. Saturnia iole, Westio. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 144 ; C. $ S. no. 1548. Differs from cynihia in the abdomen having segmental bands of white hair above instead of tufts ; the colour usually darker. Fore wing with the antemedial line more angled and generally joining the postmedial band ; the lunule much shorter ; the post- medial band of both wings with fuscous replacing the pink. The palest form is ricini ; obscurus from Cachar is a large dark form ; guerini a small dark form ; iole a sport with the markings faded, the postmedial band of both wings whitish, broad, and diffused. Hab. China ; Sikhim ; Assam ; ? Ceylon Exp., rf 100-108, $ 116 millim. YOL. I. 18 Genus ANTHERJEA. Antheraea, Hiibn. Verz. p. 152 (1818). Type, A. paphia, Linn. Range. Africa ; Japan ; China ; Philippines ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Andamans ; Java. Fore wing with the costa incurved near base, excurved towards apex, which is rounded ; outer margin highly excised. Hind wing rounded; cell of both wings closed. 8. Antheraea roylei, Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 256, pi. 64, fig. 1 ; C. 8f S. no. 1567. cJ . Antenna, head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown ; collar, prothorax, and basal half of costa of fore wing pinkish brown, pow- dered with grey. Fore wing pale greenish brown ; a pale and red subbasalline from median uervure to inner margin ; a similar line across the middle of cell ; an almost obsolete postmedial line, on which is placed a round hyaline spot on the discooellulan sur- rounded by an ocellus, which is greenish with a white and pink lunule on the inner side, and a yellow and black lunule on the outer; a pink and pale submarginal line expanding into a grey patch at apex; a slight yellow marginal line. Hind wing similar to the fore wing, except that there is a single antemedial angulat«-d line ; the submarginal line further from the base, and not reaching the costa. $ usually with a more ochreous tinge. Larva : head pinkish brown with dark dots ; somites bright apple-green; 1st somite with a blue lateral spot; 2nd to llth with paired dorsal humps crowned with spinous tubercles : 2nd and 3rd somites with the apical tubercle greenish yellow and three lateral blue spots; a lateral yellow band from 4th somite expand- ing on anal somite ; 4th and 5th somites with the apical tubercle silver, and a silver spot on band; 6th to 10th somites with the apical tubercles blue; 6th and 7th with a silver spot on band; 8th, 9th, and 10th with a blue spot on band. Food-plant " Muhowah," "oak," and " birch." Cocoon double- walled and thin. Hab. Mussoorie ; Sikhim ; Kangra ; Khasi Hills. Exp., 3 124- 160, $ 190 millim. 9. Antheraea paphia, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 809. Aiitheni-a mylitta, Drury, Exot. Ins. ii, pi. 5, fig. 1; C. $ S. no. 1564. Antheraea sivalica, Moore, Wardles Wild Silks, p. 7 ; C. $ S. no. 1557. Antheraea cingalesa, Moore, Lfp. Ceyl. ii, p. 122, pi. 125, ii--. J, la, b (larva) ; C. Sf S. no. 15W. Artheraea uebulosa, Hutton, Moore, Wardle's Wild Kilks, p. 5. Antheraea fraterna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 402; C. $ S. no. 15<;0 A. Antheraea pulchra, fasciata, olivescens, ochripicta, and versicolor, Moore, A. M. N. H. (6) ix, pp. 448-450. ANTHERJEA. 19 J . Differs from roylei in the colour being reddish or yellowish ; the costal brown and grey fascia of fore wing reaching the apex ; the hyaline and ocellated spots much larger, the inner lunule and Fig. 10. — Anther !». ? Saturnia perotu-ti, d'm-r. M<,l. 1843, pi. 123 ; C. $ S. no. 1566. Antheraea mesaukooria, Moon-, War die* Wild »SY/fo, p. 5; C. # S. no. 15r,:{. cJ . Differs from helferi in the colour being ochreons brown to dark chestnut-brown ; the ocellus of the fore wing entirely yellow- brown. Hind wing, with the inner part of the ocellus dark, the outer part yellow-brown ; the postmedial line not waved nor so much curved, nor joining the antcm. Uinaca extensa, Butl. 111. Net. \, p. 61, pi. 94, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. K>7;}. Differs from zuleika in being nearly uniform ochreous, varied slightly with grey and brown; the ocellus rounder, with a narrow fawn ring. Hal. Tibet; Sikhim, 7000 feet ; Assam. Exp. 124-146 millim. 17. Saturnia anna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 818; C. $• S. no. 15-ir,. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown ; collar yellow. Fore wing pale yellow, irrorated with black scales ; an indistinct basal black patch and antemedial line ; the ocellus large and round, red-brown ringed with black, and containing a white lunule and black centre with a white streak on it; the apical patch reddish brown ; a submarginal brown line with two series of yellow spots beyond it. Hind wing with the disk slightly suffused with pink ; the ocellus as on fore wing except that the outer ring is red- brown with crimson inside it; three postinedial highly dentate lines on both wings. Nab. Sikhim. Exp. 110-120 millim. SECT. II. Palpi minute : branches of antenna in £ short. 18. Saturnia grotei, Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 265, pi. 65, fig. 2 ; C. $ 6'. no. 1547. Differs from anna in the ground-colour of the wings being brown. Fore wing with the white lunule on the ocellus smaller, and no white streak on the black centre ; the submarginal line SATURNIA. 23 ferruginous, no yellow spots. Hind wing with the disk much suffused with crimson ; the inner part of the ocellus crimson; two postoiedial waved lines. Hob. Himalayas, from Simla to Sikhim ; Tibet. Exp., d 80, 2 88 millim. 19. Saturnia lindia, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 3rd ser. ii, p. 424, pi. 22, fig. 3; C.&S. no. 1549. Saturnia hockingii, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 402 ; Butl III. Het. vii, pi. 124, figs. 2, 3 ; C. $f 8. no. 1546 A. cJ . Differs from anna in the collar and ground-colour being grey. Fore wing : the ocellus with no crimson ; the postmedial lines waved, not highly dentate, no yellow spots. Hind wing: the ocellus with crimson only on inner side; two waved post- medial lines. Hab. Kulu. Exp. 86 millim. 20. Saturnia pyretorum, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 49, pi. 24, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 1550. Saturnia cidosa, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) ii, p. 423 ; C. fy S. no. 1546. c? . Differs from lindia in the base of the fore wing being mostly dark ; the medial area whitish ; the postmedial area heavily suf- fused with fuscous so as almost entirely to obliterate the dentate lines ; a white submarginal line ; outer margin fuscous ; ocellus dark, with a white streak and ringed with yellow and black ; two deep red subapical patches. Hind wing similar; the whitish medial area very broad ; the waved lines entirely obsolete ; an obsolescent red subapical patch. $ . "With a large tuft of hair at end of abdomen. S. boisduvali, Ersch., from Irkutsk, appears only to differ in having a straighter postmedial line to fore wing. Hab. China ; Sikhim. Exp. 103 millim. 21. Saturnia Simla, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 41, pi. 20, fig. 1 j C. $ S. no. 1571. Head and thorax pale chestnut ; collar grey ; metathorax fringed with grey ; abdomen with the first segment chestnut, the others greyish brown. Fore wing : costa grey ; basal area chestnut, with a dark red line on its outer edge, angled at median nervure, but sometimes almost straight ; an oblique chestnut line from the costa before apex nearly meeting the red line on inner margin, the space between the two lines pinkish grey ; the area outside the oblique line chestnut ; margin brown ; an ocellus consisting of a hyaline streak on a dark brown ground surrounded by pale brown, edged inwardly by black, white, and red, outwardly by black ; a black mark before the apex, which is pinkish grey ; two dentate obso- lescent postmedial lines. Hind wing brownish ; the upper discal 24 BATUBNIID^E. area pink ; an antemedial curved red-brown line ; ocellus as on fore wing, but larger and better defined ; two waved postmedial red-brown lines ; outer area bright chestnut ; margin brown. Some specimens are browner than others, especially those from Sikhim. Cocoon dark and fenestrated. Hab. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 120-158 millim. 22. Saturnia huttoni, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) i, p. 321 ; C. $ S. no. 1551. $ . Differs from simla in the antemedial line of the fore wing being waved ; the space between that and the postmedial line darker ; the ocellus large, but only the lunulate inner part pro- minent. Hind wing with the antemedial line straight ; the ocellus with the black ring narrow ; the postmedial lines less waved, the outer one prominent. Hab. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 110 millim. 23. Saturnia cachara, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 578; C. $ S. no. 1570. ^ . Differs from simla in being without the red tinge. Fore wing without the basal brown patch ; the hyaline spot surrounded by a circular flesh-coloured ocellus, inwardly edged by pink, out- wardly by black ; the waved lines dark. Hind wing with the red and black margins to the ocellus broad ; the waved postmedial lines dark ; the submarginal pale line waved. Hal. Cachar. Exp. 106 millim. SECT. III. The branches of antennae in $ much longer ; palpi moderate. 24. Saturnia stoliczkana, Feld. Hets. Nov. pi. 87, fig. 3; C. $ S. no. 1553. Neoris shadulla, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 577; C. $ S. no. 15.VJ. 5 . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale red, the collar white ; metathorax fringed with white. Wings with the ground-colour grey. Fore wing with the costa grey ; a brick-red basal patch ; a dark antemedial line slightly angled at the median nervure; a hyaline lunule bordered inwardly with yellow, black, and white, pink and black outwardly with two waved postmedial diffused lines, beyond which the colour is pale ; marginal area pale red. Hind wing similar to fore wing ; the white ring extending all round the ocellus. The Cis-Himalayan form has the ground-colour of the wings pinkish grey. Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Yarkand ; Ladak, 12,000 feet. Exp. 16-132 millim. LOEPA. 25 Genus LOEPA. Loepa, Moore, Lep. E. I. C. ii, p. 399 (1858). Ehodia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 578. Type, L. katinka, Westw. Range. Japan ; Himalayas ; Assam ; Yunnan ; Java. Shape and neuration as in Satumia. Tarsi thickly clothed with hair. 25. Loepa katinka, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 25, pi. 12, fig. 2 ; C. 8f S. no. 1554. Loepa miranda, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) ii, p. 424 ; C. &f S. no. 1555. Loepa sikkima, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 818; C. $ S. no. 1556. Bright chrome-yellow. Fore wing with the costa grey, suffused with fuscous ; a subbasal more or less angled pink line ; a large rounded or oval ocellus at end of cell, which is pinkish brown, Fig. 12. containing white and black lunulate marks ; a highly waved post- medial dark line ; double submarginal lines, the inner line pinkish and angled below the costa, the outer grey and terminating in a black spot between veins 7 and 8, above which is a phlkish patch on the costa, edged exteriorly with white and pink ; a series of almost marginal pale lunules. Hind wing differs from the fore wing in the first line being further from the base, narrow, and dark ; the subcostal patch and spot absent. Underside with a pink and white apical patch to hind wing developed in sikkima and the Javan form. The form miranda is large and pale, with the ocellus small, round, and almost blind ; Icatinka is a similar but small form ; while sikkima is small and dark, much suffused with fuscous 26 towards the apex of fore wing, in the male the ocellus large and round or elongate, with a prominent pupil. The branches of the antennae vary much in length. Larva brown and hairy, with six pink tubercles on each somite : white sublateral irregular blotches from 4th to 10th somites ; claspers pink. Hab. Himalayas ; Assam ; Yunnan ; Java. Exp. 90-124 millira. *26. Loepa? simplicia, Maass. $ Weym. Beitr. zur Schmett. pt. ii, fig. 20; C. $ S. 110 1508. cT . Yellow. Fore wing with a pink and white antemedial line from the subcostal to the inner margin, bent at the median nervmv : an ocellus at end of cell, with white centre ringed with yellow, black, and pink ; a subapical pink patch, with dark specks on it, and a straight; brown submargiual line from it. Hind wing with the antemedial line angled near inner margin ; the ocellus larger than on fore wing ; the brown line postmedial, slightly bent and \vaved, and arising below the costa. Hab. E. Indies. Exp. 160 millini. 27. Loepa newara, Moore, P. '/,. S. 1872, p. 578 ; C. $ S. no. 1 .".->. Head, thorax, and abdomen bright yellow; collar grey ; bordered by reddish lines. Fore wing yellow, irronued with grey, fuscous, and pink scales, except at centre of inner margin and outer area; some pink hairs at base; a grey and fuscous ante- medial line, angled at median nervure ; a large subtriangular hya- line spot at end of cell ; a dark postmedial slightly curved and oblique line ; a sickle-shaped white subapical mark, with a black spot above it and a pink streak below it, trom which runs a highly waved submarginal line ; a marginal olive band. Hind wing yellow ; a pink and dark antemedial line ; a hyaline spot at end of cell edged with fuscous ; a postmedial line, beyond which the area is suffused with pink and fuscous, with a waved outer edge. Cocoon pale blue-green, and suspended by a silken peduncle. Hab. Nepal; Sikhim. Exp., 3 150, $ 142-150 millim. Genus SALASSA. Salassa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 246. Type, S. Ma, Westw. Jf-nif/f. Sikhim ; Sylhet. Fore wing with the apex acute ; outer margin nearly evenly curved. Hind wing and neuration as in Saturnia. Tarsi naked. SALASSA. 27 28. Salassalola, Westw.t Cab. Or. Ent. p. 25, pi. 12, fig. 3; C. $ 8. no. 1509. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen brick-red. Fore wing brick- red ; an antemedial pale and darker curved line ; a hyaline spot beyond the cell very variable in shape and size ; a postinedial dark line, with a series of hyaline striae on it ; a submarginal dark band, with its inner and outer edges waved ; a grey apical patch. Hind wing similar to fore wing, the ante- and postmedial lines broader ; a hyaline spot beyond the cell surrounded by an ocellus, which is Fig. l3.—Salassalola, tf . \. ringed black, white, and deep red exteriorly; the hyaline striae obsolete beyond the ocellus. Underside : the bas;il two-thirds of wings red-brown suffused with grey, except exteriorly ; a broad grey submarginal band, with waved outer edge ; marginal area brown. Tibiae and tarsi grizzled. One specimen taken in March much paler. $ . Brown with dark and reddish hairs.. Hob. Sikhim; Sylhet. Exp., tf 116, $ 120-158 millim. 29. Salassa royi, JElwes, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 447; id. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1888, pi. viii, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 1550 A. c? . Differs from lola in the colour being very dark purplish red- brown ; the hyaline spot large and round ; no hyaline striae on the postmedial line. Hind wing with the outer ring of the ocellus narrow and black, instead of broad and deep red. Underside with the grey suffusion extending to the postmedial line. 5 . Paler ; the head and prothorax yellow ; the wings clothed with olive-yellow hair ; the outer part of the postmedial line greyer. ' Nab. Sikhim. Exp., ' 3 140, $ 154 millim. 28 Genus CRICULA. Oricula, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1186 (1855). Euphranor, Her.-SchSff. Samml aus. Eur. Schmet. p. 61 (1858). Type, C. trifenestrata, Helf. Range. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java. Fore wing with the costa evenly arched ; apex rather acute ; outer margin highly excised ; veins 5 and 6 given off from the sub- costal much nearer the base. Hind wing rounded; veins 5 and 6 given off from the subcostal towards the base. 30. Cricula trifenestrata, Heifer, J. A. S. B. vi, p. 45 : Her.-Schiijf. Samml. ans. Eur. Schmet. pi. 17, fig. 80 ; C. 8f S. no. 1354 ; Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. pi. xviii, fig. 7 a, b (larva and cocoon). Cricula burmana, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 198. c? • Brown, ochreous, yellowish, or reddish. Fore wing with a waved antemedial dark line ; a small hyaline spot beyond the end of the cell, with one or two others above it, the upper one generally Fig. 14.— Cricula trifenestrata, rf. j. represented by a dark spot ; an oblique line from the apex to the inner margin beyond the middle, the area beyond it suffused with grey. Hind wing with the oblique line continued to the inner margin before the middle ; a hyaline spot beyond the cell ; a submarginal waved line. Underside with the basal area suffused with purple. 2 - Generally redder ; three large irregularly shaped hyaline spots beyond the cell of the fore wing, often with one or two small ones inside them. Larva black-brown ; 2nd to llth somites each with six setiferous tubercles ; 1st somite and anal claspers crimson ; a pale reddish sublateral stripe ; legs and prolegs brown. Cocoon composed of bright golden-yellow silk firmly united into a network ; a race from the Karen Hills spins a solid cocoon. Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Andamans ; Java, cj 62-82, £ 72-92 millim. 29 31. Cricula drepanoides, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 817 ; C. $• S. no. 1353. cJ . Differs from trifenestrata in the head, thorax, and abdomen being suffused with purplish grey. Fore wing purplish grey, the outer area ochreous ; an antemedial irregular line ; a large number of hyaline specks and blotches, more or less conjoined in, beyond, and below the end of the cell ; the oblique line is bent back to the costa, which it reaches some way before the apex; an oblique streak from the apex meeting the oblique line and then continued as a waved submarginal line. Hind wing reddish ochreous ; an antemedial line ; a hyaline spot at end of cell surrounded by five small ones ; postmedial and submarginal waved lines. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 63 milliin. The following species formerly recorded as Indian are omitted. Anthercea pernyi, Gue'r., C. & S. no. 1564 (part.), is a Chinese non-pedunculate species. Attacus fenestra, Linn., C. & S. no. 1354 (part.), is Hylurya fenestra from Venezuela. Attacus perspicua, Linn., C. & S. no. 1354 (part.), is Turckheimia perspicua from W. Africa. Bombyx irius and saturnus, Fabr., from " India," Syst. Ent. iii, i, p. 409, appear to be African species, but the descriptions are too vague for recognition. Family BRAHM^EID^E. Proboscis present ; palpi large, rounded, and upturned. An- tennae bipectinated in both sexes ; mid tibia with a single pair of spurs ; hind tibia with two pairs. Frenulum absent. Fore wing with vein 1 b forked at the base ; 1 c absent ; 5 from near the upper angle of cell. Hind wing with two internal veins ; the cell short, with a veiulet in it; vein 5 from near the upper angle; 6 and 7 given off near the base ; 8 free from the root and nearly touching 7 beyond the cell ; a precostal vein. Genus BRAHMJEA. Brahmsea, Wlk. Cat. vi, p. 1315 (1855). Type B. certhia, Fabr., from China. Range. E. and W. Africa ; Palaearctic Asia ; Himalayas ; Burma. Palpi large, rounded, and upturned; antennae bipectinated in both sexes, the branches short and nearly even throughout. Fore wiug with veins 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked together ; 7 and 8 being given off on a short stalk. Hind wing with the cell very short and with a veinlet in it ; the upper discocellular given off from vein 6. BBAHMvEIILE. Larva. The 2nd and 3rd somites swollen and armed with a pnir of forwardly projecting lateral spines, which turn into warts at the last moult. Pupa naked. 32. Brahmaea wallichii, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 39 ; C. # S. no. 1579. Brahmsea conchifera, Eutl. A. M. N. H. (5) v, 1880, p. 188; 111. Het. v, pi. 95, tigs. 3, 4 ; C. $ S. no. 1577. Bombva spectabilis, Hope, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 44-1. Brahmgea rufescens, Butl. A. M. N. II. (5) vi, 1880, p. 62 ; C. $ S, no. 1578. c? . Head black ; antennae brown, with a brown band between their bases ; thorax brown, with three pairs of black lines ; collar with a pair of black spots ; abdomen brown, with paired square Fig. 15. — Brahmcea wallichii, <3 . ^. segmeutal black spots : underside of head and thorax black ; of abdo- men brown, with black lines. Fore wing pale olive-brown; seven waved black lines before the middle ; two black medial lines enclosing an irregular space below the costa, then approaching each other at vein 2, and enclosing a round space above inner margin ; in these spaces the veins are marked with white and black ; eight black lunulate lines on the outer area between vein 5 and the inner margin, some of them in the form of "brackets/' the outer series forming ring-marks ; apical area witli veins 6, 7, 8 marked with white lunules ; a black subapical patch, with some fine black lunules from it to vein 6 ; a yellow streak above vein 5. Hind wing: the basal area deep black, with some brown streaks towards inner margin ; outer area yellowish, shading to olive-brown ; nine waved lines, expanding into blue-black marks on the veins, with white spots between them ; a submarginal broken line. Underside BOMBYCID^E. 31 with the basal half of both wings black, more or less streaked with brown on costa of both wings and beyond cell and on inner margin of fore wing. The form conchifera is slightly paler than typical wallichii. The form rafescens has the whole basal area of the fore wing below pale. Hob. Nepal ; Sikhirn ; Khasi Hills ; Assam ; Upper Burma. Exp. 150-170 millim. 33. Brahmaea hearseyi, White, Proc. Ent. Soc. 1861, p. 26. Brahiuaea whitei, Bull. III. Het. v, p. 02, pi. 95, tigs. 1, 2 ; C. $ S. n. 1580. cJ . Differs from wallichii in the abdominal markings of the upper- side being narrow black and white bands ; the ground-colour of both wings paler ; the subapical white lunules are joined into waved white lines, one or two of those nearest the base having black lines inside them. Hind wing with pale streaks between the veins from inner margin to vein 6. Hob. Mussooree; Sikhim ; Burma. Exp. 116-170 millim. The following species formerly recorded as Indian is omitted. Brahmcea certhia, Fabr., C. & S. no. 1576, is from China. Family BOMBYCIDJE. Proboscis absent : palpi rather small or absent ; antennae bipec- tiuated in both sexes ; legs hairy, without spurs. Frenulum absent ; vein 5 of both wings from, or from above, the middle of the disco- cellulars ; veins 7, 8, 9 of fore wing generally more or less bent downwards ; vein 1 a forming or not forming a fork with 1 6 ; 1 c Fig. 16. — Larva of Ocinara fiiqnifera. f. (From Hut ton, Trans. Ent. Sos. 18154, pi. 19, fig. 6.) absent or present. Hind wing with two or three internal veins ; vein 8 arising from the base of 7, or free from the base with a bar between them ; the inner margin irregular and in part turned over. Larva elongate and not hairy ; dorsal humps on some of the somites, or a horn on the terminal somite, or paired dorsal spines. Cocoon formed of fine silk, of great commercial value in some species. 32 BOMBYCIDjE. Key to the Genera. a. Hind wing1 with vein 8 from the base of 7, and no bar between them. a'. Palpi present. a2. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 but slightly bent downwards. a3. Fore wing with veins 6 and 11 from the cell 1. BOMBYX, p. 32. b3. Fore wing with veins 6 and 11 stalked with 7, 8, 9, 10 2. ECTROCTA, p. 33. bz. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 much bent downwards 3. OCINARA, p. :J4. b' '. Palpi absent. a2. Fore wing with a veinlet in the cell ; veins 7, 8, 9 much bent downwards 4. GUNDA, p. 36. b*. Fore wing with no veinlet in the cell; veins 7, 8, 9 not much bent downwards . 5. THEOPHILA, p. 37. b. Hind wing with vein 8 free from the root, and a bar between it and vein 7 ; fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 not bent downwards. a'. Fore wing -with vein 6 stalked with 7, 8, 9, 10 6. MUSTILTA, p. 38. b'. Fore wing with vein 6 from the angle of cell. 7. ANDHACA, p. 40. Genus BOMBYX. Bombyx, Hiibn. Verz. p. 190 (1818). Type, B. mori, Linn. Range. Japan ; China ; and introduced into India, Europe, &c. Palpi slight. Fore wing with the outer margin excised below the apex and slightly angled; veins 6 and 11 from the cell; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked together ; 7, 8, 9 but slightly bent downwards. Hind wing with vein 5 from above the centre of the discocellulars ; veins 6 and 7 on a short stalk ; no bar between veins 7 and 8 near base. 34. Bombyx mori, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 817 ; C. fy S. no. 1098. Bombyx crcesi, Hutt. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) ii, 1864, p. 312 ; C. $ 8. no. 1095. Bombyx fortunatus, Hutt. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) ii, 1864, p. 312 ; C. # S. no. 1096. Bombyx sinensis, Hutt. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) ii, 1864. p. 313 ; C. $ S. no. 1099. Bombyx textor, Hutt. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) ii, 1864, p. 309 ; C. & S. no. 1100. Bombyx arracanensis, Hutt. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) ii, 1864, p. 313 ; C. 8f S. no. 1094. cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish. Fore wing whitish ; two dark antemedial lines : a line across the end of cell ; a post- BOMBYX. — ECTEOCTA. 33 medial line. Hind wing with a dark blotch at centre of inner margin ; curved medial and postmedial lines. $ with the wings often more or less aborted. In some specimens the outer line of the fore wing is curved and subinarginal, or the markings may be entirely obsolete. Larva dark grey ; the head and first three somites with some Fig. 17. — Bombyx mori, § . transverse black lines ; the first somite with two dark red streaks ; the five first somites white below ; the 3rd to anal somite with reticulated black dorsal markings ; llth somite with a long horn. Cultivated forms may be grey or almost white, with the markings almost obsolete. This species is indigenous to China, and from there introduced all over the world. The forms described by Hutton are simply domesticated races of the larva. Cocoon yellow or white, the silk closely woven or loose. Hob. China, and in a domesticated state throughout India and Europe. Exp. 42 millim. Genus ECTROCTA, nov. Type, E. diaphana, Hmpsn. Range. Burma. Palpi minute. Tore wing much excised below the apex ; veins 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 stalked together ; veins 7, 8, 9 not much bent downwards. Hind wing with the outer margin much excised at anal angle ; vein 5 from the centre of the discocellulars ; veins 6 and 7 stalked. 35. Ectrocta diaphana, n. sp. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous brown, suffused with fuscous. Wings semidiaphanous white. Fore wing with a fuscous basal patch ; a subbasal curved fuscous band ; a streak on discocellulars ; a doubly curved submarginal line ; a large apical patch. Hind wing with an anteinedial fuscous spot on inner VOL. I. D 34 BOMBTCID^E. margin ; a maculate postmedial band ; outer margin very slightly suffused with fuscous. Hcib. Monieit, Burma (Doherty). coll. Elvves. Fig. 18.~Ectrocta diapttana, £ . Exp. 54 millim. Type in Genus OCINARA. Ocinara, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1708 Naprepa, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1152 (1855), nom. prncocc. Trilocha, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. L C. p. 3*L> (1857). Ernolatia, Wlk. J»i from the centre of the discocellulars ; veins 6 and 7 stalked ; three internal veins. 36. Ocinara signifera, Walk. JC*Ut OfL& kU. i Range. Hainan ; Sikhim ; Ceylon ; Java. ^ Palpi absent. Fore wing with veins 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 stalked ; 7, 8, 9 much bent down; a veinlet in the cell. Hind wing \\ith vein 5 from the centre of the discocellulars ; veins 6 and 7 stalked. 39. Onnda javanica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 576, pi. 33, fig. 6. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown ; the collar fringed with dark brown. Fore wing darkish brown ; three transverse Fig. 20.— Gunda javanica, <$ . J . indistinct lines ; a postmedial more distinct line, highly angulated below the costa ; a very dark brown streak from the base to the apex along the costa, leaving a large apical pale patch with an apical dark streak. Hind wing dark brown, with three indistinct lines ; inner margin dark with some pale strigjo ; two pale sub- marginal specks near anal angle. Underside with the two outer lines of both wings more distinct and waved. £ . More uniform grey-brown ; the dark streak and apical pale patch of the fore wing obsolete, as are the markings of hind wing. Hab. Sikhim ; Java. Exp.t J 48, $ 66 millim. 40. Gunda apicalis, Hmpm. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 160, fig. 17. $. Differs from javanica in being much yellower brown ; an- tennae ochreous ; a pale streak on vertex of abdomen. Fore wing with the outer line less angled ; the apical dark patch much larger. Hind wing with the lines more distinct. J/ab. Triricomali, Ceylon. Exp. 02 millim. 41. Gunda sikkima, Moore, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 406, pi. 33, fig. 3; C. $ S. no. 1112. Norasuma variegata, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 160, fig. 7. Aristhala thwaitesii, Moore, Lep. CeyL ii, p. 136 ; C. fy S. no. 1113. cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown, grizzled with grey. GUNDA. — THEOPHILA. 37 Fore wing ochreous brown, much suffused with red-brown, espe- cially at inner and outer areas ; two dark spots near base ; a highly curved subbasal line ; two nearly straight medial lines, the outer line met by an oblique streak from the costa across the end of cell ; a waved submarginal line ; a dark mark at apex. Hind wing red-brown, ochreous towards anal angle and outer margin ; two indistinct waved lines ; inner area dark red-brown, suffused with grey ; two dark marks at anal angle. Underside of hind wing with two dark specks in the cell and the lines more distinct. Where thinly scaled the wing-membrane shows highly iridescent colours. £ . Yellow ; the thorax suffused with reddish brown ; the fore wing with reddish brown near inner and outer margins ; hind wing suffused with reddish brown at base and near anal angle; the transverse lines as in male, but less distinct. Hob. ISikhim ; Ceylon. Exp., rf 42, $ 62 millim. Genus THEOPHILA. Theophila, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 683. Type, T. huttoni, Westw. Range. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Bengal and ? Madras. Palpi absent. Fore wing highly excised below the apex ; the outer margin slightly angled ; veins 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked together, 7, 8, 9 not much bent downwards. Hind wing with vein 5 from above the middle of the discocellulars ; veins 6 and 7 stalked. i 42. Theophila huttoni, Weshc. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 26, pi. 12, fig. 4 ; Hutt. / Trans. Ent. Soc. 1864-66, pi. 19, fig. 4 (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 1103. ** Bombyx sherwilli, Hutt. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) ii, 1864, p. 324 ; A C.$S. no. 1105. Bombyx affinis, Hutt., Geoghegan's Silk in India, App. A, p. 3 ; C.8f S. no. 1101. Bombyx bengalensis, Hutt. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) ii, 1864, p. 322, pi. 19, fig. 5 (larva) ; C. 8f S. no. 1 102. Bombyx religiosse, Heifer, J. A. S. B. vi, p. 41, pi. 6; C. Sf S. no. 1104. '< . Fig. 21. — Theophila huttoni, tf. |. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown. The outer margin of both wings more or less crenulate. Fore wing grey-brown, obliquely curved antemedial and medial indistinct dark lines : a 30 BOMBYCID^. dark line beyond the discocellulars ; an erect postinedial line ; one or two doubly curved submarginal lines ; a large chocolate apical patch. Hind wing darker ; inner margin chequered brown and white ; a slightly curved submarginal line. Underside of hind wing with postraedial and submarginal lines. Abdomen in some specimens with first and last segments dark. Larva mottled and streaked with yellow, brown, and black ; the first three somites very much swollen ; paired dorsal spines on 5th to anal somite. The larva described by Hutton as benyalensis was probably a pale variety of the common form, from which it differed in being whitish, marbled with yellowish red and black ; the moth men- tioned in connection with it was evidently Bombyx mori. Hab. N.W.Himalayas; Sikhiui ; Assam. Exp., tf 40, 2 f>o inillim. *43. Theophila ? lugubris, Drury, Exot. Ins. iii, p. 28, pi. 21, fig. 5 ; C. $ S. no. 1097. Head and thorax ash-coloured. Abdomen and wings rusty red ; fore wing with some faint bluish marks near outer margin. This species is certainly either a Bombyx or Theophila, and pro- bably the latter, having the outer margin of the fore wing angled. Hab. Madras ? Exp. 48 milliin. Genus MUSTILIA. Mustilia, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 580 (1805). Type, M. falcipennis, Wlk. llange. The Himalayas ; Assam. Palpi minute ; antennae of male bipectinated to two-thirds length. Fore wiog very much produced at apex, which is acute ; vein 1 b forked at base, 1 c absent, 3 given off before end of cell, 6 stalked with 7, 8, 9, 10. Hind wing with two internal veins ; a bar between veins 7 and 8 near base. 44. Mustilia falcipennis, ink. Cat. xxxii, p. 581 ; C. $ S. no. 1482. Alu.-tilia castanea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 82 ; C. fy S. no. 1481. Fig. 22.— Mustilia falcipennis, tf . f . Head and collar chestnut ; the shaft of antennae and a MUSTILIA. 39 band between their bases whitish ; thorax and abdomen purplish red-brown, the latter yellowish towards extremity. Fore wing red-brown, suffused with grey ; a highly angled antemedial indis- tinct line ; a black spot at end of cell ; a waved medial line ; a postmedial line angled below the costa and waved towards inner margin, met by a black and grey oblique line from the apex. Hind wing with the costal half yellow, the inner half red-brown ; two dark lines which approach each other on inner margin ; a grey patch near anal angle. Underside yellower, with a black spot at end of cell of hind wing. The form castanea is darker ; the hind wing more angled and wholly dark chestnut-red, instead of the costal half yellow ; the markings similar. Hab. Sikhim ; Bhutan. Exp. 52 millim. 45. Mustilia sphingiformis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 407, pi. 33, fig. 4 ; C. $ S. no. 1484. Differs from falcipennis in the head and thorax being purplish grey-brown ; the abdomen dark brown. Fore wing pale red- brown, with the markings slight and obsolescent, a speck at end of cell ; a doubly curved postmedial line ; the whole outer area suf- fused with chestnut from apex to outer angle as far as the post- medial line at middle. Hind wing ochreous, the inner area brown. Cilia of both wings ochreous. Hab. Mussooree. Exp., . AMI-A, [p. 64. Genus GANGARIDES. Gangarides, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 821. Type, G. roseus, Wlk. liancfe. E. Himalayas ; Burma ; Borneo. Palpi upturned and very thickly fringed with hair. The antennae with the branches stiff, decreasing rapidly to apex and Saturniform. Legs very thickly clothed with hairs. Fore wing with the apex produced, the outer margin excised and crenulate : the discocellulars nearly straight; vein 7 anastomosing shortly with 8 and 9 to form an areole. Hind wing with the disco- cellulars straight ; veins 6 and 7 stalked. 48. Gangarides roseus, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 513; C. $ 8. no. 1340. Gangarides dharma, Moore, P.Z.S. 1805, p. 821, pi. 43, n'<>-. 7; C. # S. no. 1339. Lonomia vittipalpis, Wlk. Char, undescr. Lep. 1869, p. 90 ; C. $ S. c?. Palpi black, fringed with ochreous hairs; antenna?, head, and thorax ochreous, the latter with a crimson tinge ; abdomen crimson above. Fore wing pinkish ochreous, irrorated with brown scales ; a curved and waved subbasal dark line ; an antemeclial slightly waved line ; a black dot ringed with white at end of cell ; three indistinct waved postmedial lines ; a grey and brown curved oblique line from apex ; a submarginal lunulate line. Hind wing crimson ; the cilia ochreous. £. Duller in colour; fore wing with the subbasal line some- GANGAKIDES. — P AND ALA. 43 times absent and the speck at end of cell minute ; the three post- medial lines prominent. Fig. 25. — Gangarides rosea, The form dharma is much paler ochreoue, the hind wing but slightly tinged with crimson ; the white cell-spot large, without the black centre. Hob. Sikhim; Bhutan ; Burma. Exp., J 76-96, $ 106 millirn. Genus PANDALA. Pandala, Wlk. Cat. iv. p. 921 (1855). Type, P. dolosa, Wlk. Range. Ceylon. Palpi upturned and but slightly fringed with hair. Antennae with the branches long. Legs with the spurs long. Fore wing short, broad, and rounded ; the discocellulars oblique ; veins 7, 8, Fig. 26. — Pandala dolosa, 9 stalked and given off before the end of the cell. Hind wing with the discocellulars slightly angled below vein 5 ; 6 and 7 from angle of cell. 49. Pandala dolosa, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 922 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 134, fig. 5 ; C.fyS. no. 1338. J . Dark purplish grey ; fore wing crossed by three anteniedial 44 EUPTEROTIDvE. indistinct waved lines, three postmedial and one straight sub- marginal line ; hind wing by four waved postmedial lines and a curved submarginal line. Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 48 millim. Genus MELANOTHRIX. Melanothrix, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 94, fig. 2, Erkl. p. 6 (1874). Type, M. nymphaliaris, Wlk., from Java. Range. Burma ; Java. Palpi upturned and thickly fringed with hair; antennae with the branches moderately long. Legs hairy. Fore wing short and very broad, the apex much rounded, the upper discocellular very oblique; veins 6, 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with the upprr discocellular short and oblique ; veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 much curved and remote from 7. 50. Melanothrix leucotrigona, n. sp. d" . Head, thorax, abdomen, and wings glossy brown ; fore wing with a large shining white triangular mark on the costu Fig. 27 .—Melanothrix leucotrigona, <$ . }. beyond the middle, its apex on vein 5 : a large area below it and its outer edge dark brown; hind wing with a marginal dark brown band. Hub. Malewoon, Burma. Exp. 74 millim. Type in coll. Druce. Genus DREATA. Dreata, Wlk. Cat. iv. p. 902 (1855). Type, D. hades, Wlk. Range. Assam. DREATA. — PALIRISA. 45 Palpi long and thickly fringed with hair. Fore wing" short, with apex rounded ; the discocellulars angled above and below vein 5 ; veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with the discocellulars angled above and below vein 5 ; 6 and 7 from angle of cell. 51. Dreata hades, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 908 ; Butl 111. Het. v, pi. 97, fig. 7 ; C.8f S. no. 1367. cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen mouse-brown. Fore wing mouse-brown, the medial area pale ; five indistinct waved lines ; a Fig. 2S.— Dreata hades, nearly straight and erect prominent postrnedial line ; a waved submarginal line. Hind wing pale at base, without the waved lines ; the postmedial line not so prominent ; a submarginal waved line. Hob. Assam. Exp\ 72 millim. Genus PALIRISA. Palirisa, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 360. Type, P. lineosa, Wlk. Range. E. Himalayas and Assam ; Burma. Palpi upturned and thickly fringed with hair. Antennae with the branches short. Legs with the spurs short. Fore wing very broad, the apex rounded, the discocellulars oblique and angled above vein 5 ; veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with the discocellulars oblique and angled above vein 5. 52. Palirisa lineosa, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 912 ; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 98, fig. 4 ; C. $ S. no. 1366. Pale reddish ochreous. Fore wing crossed by six nearly straight 46 EUPTEEOTIDJE. and erect lines, the fourth slightly waved and often obsolescent, the submarginal line curved and inwardly edged with grey. Hind Fig. 29.— Palirisa lineosa, tf. f. wing with one antemedial and two postmedial lines, the outer line curved. Hab. Sikhim ; Bhutan; Sylhet; Naga Hills. JEiy., rf 100-110, $ 120-128 millim. 53. Palirisa cervina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 807 ; C. 8f S. no. l.'Ki.l. c? . Differs from lineosa in being pale grey-brown ; the palpi black, fringed with ochreous hair; antennae black. Fore \\\\\^ with only the medial and postmedial rufous lines present, the latter with a waved line beyond it, between which and the post- medial line the colour is darker. Hind wing with three obso- lescent lines and no outer line. In a specimen from Burma the palpi and antennae are pale. Hab. Sikhim ; Bernardmyo, Burma. Exp. 104 millim. Genus TAGORA. Tagora, Wtk. Cat. v, p. 1188 (1855). Sphingognatha, Feld. Rets. Nov. pi. 94, fig. 1, Erkl. p. 9 (1874). Type, T. patula, Wlk. Range. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Sumatra ; Borneo. Palpi upturned and thickly fringed with hair. Tore wing produced at apex and very broad ; the discocellulars nearly erect and angled above vein 5 ; 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with the discocellulars nearly erect and angled above vein 5 ; 6 and 7 from angle of cell. SECT. I. Fore wing with apex much produced in female. 54. Tagora patula, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1189 ; £utl. III. Jlct. v, pi. 98, fig. 1 ; C. # S. no. 1359. Tagora undulosa, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1196 ; C. 8f S. no. 1360. Sphingognatha kliasiana, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 77. TAGOEA. 47 c? . Head black ; basal joint of antennae with a tuft of pale hair ; thorax, abdomen, and wings pale reddish ochreous. Pore wing usually with a hyaline spot at end of cell ; two rufous oblique lines from lower angle of cell to inner margin ; eight or nine indistinct dark waved lines ; a double highly curved rufous postmedial line from the costa near apex to outer angle ; a submarginal highly waved irregular indistinct dark line. Hind wing with a rufous Fig. 30.— Tagora patida, $. \. subbasal line, obsolete except towards inner margin ; about four very indistinct waved lines ; the rufous postmedial line indistinct ; an irregularly placed series of submarginal spots. One specimen in Mus. Oxon. has vein 7 of the fore wing given off from 6 instead of 8. $ . Suffused with fuscous ; the apex of fore wing produced ; the outer area of both wings suffused with grey ; the oblique line of both wings single and prominent ; the waved lines more distinct ; two hyaline spots at end of cell of fore wing ; the rufous postmedial line more distinct ; a waved submarginal grey line to both wings. Hab. Sikhim ; Assam ; Momeit, Burma. Exp., <$ 100, $ 130 millini. SECT. II. Fore wing with apex slightly produced in female. 55. Tagora pallida, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 912 : Bull III. Set. v, pi. 98, tig. 3 ; C.ScS. no. 1362. Sphingognatha asclepiades, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 94, fig. 1. cJ . Differs from patula in the head being dark red-brown ; the tuft on basal joint of antennae dark. Tore wing without the hyaline spot ; the two medial waved lines are distant at costa and inner margin and nearly meet at middle ; the double postmedial lines of both wings are dark, narrow, nearer together and less curved. 48 EUPTEROTIDjE. 2 . Much suffused with brown ; one hyaline spot at end of cell of fore wing. Hob. Sylhet ; Sumatra ; Borneo. Evp., <$ 120, $ 180 millim. 56. Tagora nigriceps, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 161, fig. 19. c?. Head black, with a tuft of pale hair on basal joint of antennae ; thorax, abdomen, and wings brownish grey. Pore wing with traces of some waved antemedial lines ; a hyaline speck at end of cell ; five waved lines beyond the middle ; the post- medial line indistinct, the waved submarginal line sending dark streaks along the veins to the postmedial line, the undulation between veins 2 and 3 being filled in by a dark brown blotch. Hind wing with four waved lines before the postmedial straight line, which is just beyond the middle ; the waved submarginal line remote from the margin. Hab. Deltota, Ceylon. E.rp. 96 millim. 57. Tagora murina, Moore, A. M N. If. (4) xx, 1877, p. :H7 : />/'. Ceyl. ii, pi. 136, fig. 2; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, pi. 101. fig. 18 2; C. $8. no. 1357. 3 . Greyish red-brown ; head dark brown, with a pale tuft on basal joint of antennae ; fore wing with four indistinct antemedial lines ; no hyaline speck at end of cell ; five waved postmedial lines, the innermost nearly meeting the outermost antemedial line on the disk ; the postmedial straight line double and distinct ; the area between it and tho outer waved line suffused with grrv. Hind wing with four or five waved lines before the straight double line, which is some way beyond the middle ; the waved outer line near the margin, the area beyond it suffused with grey. $> . Much redder brown ; fore wing with two hyaline spots at end of cell. Hab. Pundaloya, Ceylon. Eay., rf 84, $ 94 millim. Genus PSEUDOJANA, nov. Type, P. incandesctns, Wlk. Range. Sikhim. Palpi upturned and thickly fringed with hair. Antennae with the branches rather short in both sexes. Legs with the spurs long. Fore wing broad and rounded, the discocellulars nearly straight ; veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with the discocellulars angled below vein 5 ; 7 given off just before the angle of cell. 58. Pseudojana incandescens, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 910; Butl. Ill Het. v, pi. 98, fig. 5 ; C. # S. no. 1363. Head, collar, and prothorax dark chestnut -brown ; rneso- and PSEUDO JAN A . — GANISA. 49 metathorax dull brown; abdomen bright reddish fulvous. Fore wing greyish brown ; traces of a subbasal curved grey line ; indis- tinct antemedial, medial, and postmedial erect straight dark lines, the last inwardly edged with grey ; an indistinct submarginal line Fig. 31. — Pseudojana incandescens, angled at vein 4. Hind wing duller brown ; an indistinct medial curved line. Underside with a fiery red tinge; the wings crossed by a medial and oblique postmedial line. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 130 millim. Genus GANISA. Ganisa, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1190 (1855). Type, G. postica, Wlk. Range. Throughout India and Ceylon. Palpi upturned and thickly fringed with hair. Fore wing broad, the apex acute and produced ; the discocellulars angled below vein 5 ; veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with the discocellulars oblique ; veins 6 and 7 stalked or from cell. Legs with the spurs long. SECT. I. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from angle of cell. Ganisa postica, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1190 ; C. $ S. no. 1347. Ganisa plana, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1191 ; Sutl. III. Het. v, pi. 96, figs. 4, 5 ; C. # S. no. 1346. S. Ganisa similis, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 359 ; C. no. 1348. c? . Head very dark brown ; thorax, abdomen, and wings pur- plish grey-brown. Fore wing with an indistinct antemedial oblique line ; a black and grey speck at end of cell ; five indistinct waved dark lines ; a double oblique, nearly straight line from apex to inner margin beyond the middle. Hind wing sometimes with a black speck at end of cell ; three waved indistinct lines ; the postmedial YOL. i. B 50 EUPTEBOTIDJE. line oblique and slightly waved, generally with a series of dark specks beyond it ; cilia of both wings red-brown. Underside with the specks at end of cell and waved lines more distinct. Fig. 32. — G a n ita yx>^ tea, J . \ . with the apex of ton- win*; more produced. Kulu; Kangra; ftikhim ; Sylhet ; IS';i-;i> ; l't-\l.m. millim. SECT. II. Hind wing with MMMS f> ,-md 7 stalked. 60. Ganisa pandya, Moore. /'. /. ,s. \*>.\ ].. so7 : C. \ -v n<>. Ganisa pallida, Bull. III. 11, t. v, p. <;:,, ,,l. '.H;, fi-r. :] • a fy S. no. 1345. cJ . Differs from postica- in bein<; fawn-colour: the head black. Fore wi n^ with a pale speck at end of cell: hind \\in^ without waved lines ; a dark spot on inner margin : a im-dial dark line with ochreous outer edge; a submarginal series of black specks. //. Nikhim; Bhutan; Sylhet. A>y,. i)n millim. 61. Ganisa glaucescens, IVll-. Cat. v, y». ll^s; /;,///. ///. //,•/. v, pi. 96, figs. 1,2; C. 8f S. no. 1356. 74 millim. SECT. II. (Prismosticta). Fore wing with vein 8 given off near the apex ; 10 present. 64. Apha fenestrata, fatl. A. M. N. H. (5) vi, 1880, p. 68; id III. Het. vi, pi. 106, fig. 5; C. $ S. no. 1107. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown ; thorax with an olive tinge. Fore wing olive-brown ; the costal and outer an -as pair; two medial indistinct angled brown lines; a brown line on - cellulars ; two oblique postmedial lines, angled below the costa ;m). Type, A. cashmirensis, Koll. Range. N.W. Himalayas, Nilgiris, Shevaroys ; Ceylon. Palpi slight, porrect, and very hairy. Antenna with the branches very long and slender in the male, shorter in the female. Legs with the spurs very long. Fore wing broad, with the outer margin rounded ; the discocellulars nearly straight ; veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with the discoceliulars angled below vein 5, which is given off near upper angle of cell ; veins 6 and 7 from the angle. SECT. I. Fore wing with the apex more or less produced. 65. Apona cashmirensis, Koll Hilg. Kasch. iv, p. 472, pi. 21, fig. 4; C. $ S. no. 1349. Apona pallida, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 763 ; C. 8f S. no. 13oO. APONA. 53 d1 . Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown ; shaft of antennae white. Wings pale red-brown. Fore wing with an indistinct waved subbasal line ; a black spot at end of cell ; an oblique medial line, with three indistinct waved lines beyond it ; a double post- medial line with the interspace pale ; a waved submarginal line, Fig. 34. — Apona cashmirensis, c? . T« the space between it and the postmedial line darker ; the nervules dark from the medial to submarginal line. Hind wing with no subbasal line ; the other lines curved. Cilia of both wings dark. £ . Pale greyish white ; the markings as in male. Hal. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exp., 3 114, $ 96 rnillim. SECT. II. Fore wing with the apex not produced. 66. Apona plumosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 579 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, pi. 142, fig. 12 j C. 8? S. no. 1351. c? . Differs from cashmirensis in being darker red-brown. Fore wing with the medial line curved below the costa ; but faint traces of the waved lines ; the postmedial line whitish inwardly, rufous outwardly ; the outer area darker, without a waved line, the veins crossing it rufous. Hind wing with the waved and postmedial lines almost obsolete ; the outer area dark, without a waved line. $ . The waved medial lines more distinct on both wings ; the postmedial line dark brown. Hab. Mlgiri plateau. Escp., rf 94, $ 102 rnillim. 67. Apona shevaroyensis, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 373 ; C. $ S. no. 1352. (S . Differs from plumosa in being duller brown ; fore wing with the antemedial line obsolete ; the medial and postmedial lines more oblique ; the waved lines more distinct. Hab. Nilgiri plateau ; Shevaroys ; Ceylon. Exp. 134 inillim. 54 EUPTEBOTID^E. Genus EUPTEROTE. Eupterote, Hilbn. Verz. p. 187 (1818). Murlida, Moore, Lep. E. I. C. p. 422 (1857). Brachytera, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 95, fig. 1 (1874). Horanpella, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii. p. 143 (1883). Leptojana, Butl. III. Het. v, p. 68 (1881). Pachyjana, Butl. III. Het. v, p. 69 (1881). Spalyria, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 370. Messata, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1107 (1855). Type, E. fabia, Cram. Range. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Sumatra, Java, Philippines. Palpi very slight and porrect. Antennae with the branches moderately long. Legs somewhat hairy. Eore wing broad, the outer margin rounded ; the discocellulars angled below vein 5 ; vein 6 stalked with 7, 8, and 9, or from the cell. Hind wing with the discocellulars angled below vein 5 ; veins 6 and 7 stalked or from angle of cell. SECT. I. Female without patches of raised scales. 68. Eupterote undata, Blanch., Jsr,. ,,. :>,();}; C. $ S. no. 1381. Eupterote hirauta, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 139. Eupterote variegata, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 302; C. $ S. no. 1411. Eupterote sinuata, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 363; C. \ -V no. 1404. Eupterote caliginosa, Moore, Tram. Ent. ,SW-. 1>*I. p. .",(57; C. 8f S. no. ]:J7i). Eupterote subdita, Moore, Tram. Ent. M>c. lss|. p. :{(J1 ; C. $ S. no. 1405. Eupterote vinosa, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 361 ; C. 8f S. no. 14lL'. Eupterote affinis, Moore, Tram. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 369; C. Sf S. no. 1368. Kupterote cupreipennis, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 361 ; C. Sf S. no. 1379. Eupterote invalida, Butl. III. Het. v, p. 68, pi. 97, figs. 3, 4 ; C. $ S. no. 1391. Eupterote persimilis, Moore, Tram. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 368 ; C. 8f S. no. 1401. Dreata taooensis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 848, pi. 53, fig. 7 ; C.$ S. no. 1407. Eupterote similis, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 369; C. $ S. no. 1403. Eupterote castanoptera, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 365 : C. Sf S. no. 1374. Eupterote cinnamomea, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 368 ; C. & S. no. 1375. EUPTEROTE. 55 Eupterote consimilis, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 364 ; C. fy S. no. 1377. Eupterote dissimilis, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 368 ; C. $ S. no. 1384. Eupterote assimilis, Moore (dissimilis misprint), Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 363. Eupterote griseipennis, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 362 ; C.fyS. no. 1386. Dreata imbecilis, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 905 ; Eutl. III. Het. v, pi. 97, fig. 2 ; C. 8f S. no. 1389. Eupterote ignavus, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 440 ; C. $ S. no. 1388. Eupterote suffusa, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 362 ; C. $ S. no. 1406. Eupterote fraterna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 406 ; Eutl. III. Het. vii, pi. 123, fig. 1 ; C. 8f S. no. 1385 A. Eupterote decorata, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 369 ; C. 8f S. no. 1380. Fore wing with eight indistinct waved lines, any or all of which may become obsolete, this occurring in similarly coloured specimens from the same locality ; two postmedial lines which are always present, with a highly waved line beyond them ; some forms have three dark spots below the costa between the postmedial and waved lines and two towards inner margin. Hind wing without lines on basal area ; five waved lines before the two postmedial lines ; some spots between the postmedial and waved lines, which may be obso- lete or become a complete series. The form niyricans=diabolica, from Jubbulpore, Saugor, Bel- gaum ( c? 110 millim.), is the darkest ; umber-brown, with all the lines and spots inside the waved line present. Sinuata, from the Himalayas ( $ 116 millim.), has the ground- colour paler umber-brown, especially between the postmedial and waved lines ; the markings similar. Undata=undifera = vinosa = affinis, from Jubbulpore and Sikhim ( J 94-102, $ 106 millim.), has a slightly redder tinge, the collar in some specimens yellowish ; female with the ground-colour redder or yellowish. Caliginosa, from Jubbulpore ( d" 82 millim.), is dusky brown, the submarginal spots well defined. Subdita, from Jubbulpore ( J 82 millim.), is a small dark red- brown form, the collar yellowish. Hirsuta, from Khandalla ( tf 110 millim.), has the collar yellow, wings with the ground-colour yellow and much suffused with reddish umber so as to obscure the waved lines ; the spot near inner margin of fore wing black and conspicuous. Variegata, from Jubbulpore ( c? 92 millim.), is redder in tone, the spot indistinct. Cupreipennis, from Madras ( J and - 110 millim.), is nearest undata, but has a reddish-coppery tinge ; the male has a large black patch on the middle of the costa of the fore wing ; the female paler, with the markings rather indistinct. Invalida = taooensis=imbecilis= cinncimomea = similis = consimilis 56 EUPTEEOT1DJ2. =castanoptera=persimilis, from throughout India and Burma ( d" 78, $ 90 millim.), is paler cinnamon-brown, with no spots in- side the waved line ; the collar yellowish ; female redder. Dissimilis = suffusa = iynavus = assimilis = griseipennist from N.W. India and Mhow ( d1 81-94, $ 94 millim.), has spots inside the waved line. Fraterna, from Dharmsala ( J 90 millim.), is pale vinous brown, with the waved lines obsolescent, except one medial line on lure wing. Decorata, from the Punjab ( d 92 millim.), has the ground-colour yellow ; the red-brown markings broad and prominent ; apex of fore wing suffused with red-brown. Hob. Throughout N. India, and as far south as the Nilgiris ; Burma. Exp. 74-110 millim. 69. Eupterote fabia, ('nun. /',///. R,-,,t, \\\, pi. i'oO \\ \ C. $ S. no. 1385. Eupterote gyra, Swinh. P.Z.S. 1885, p. 303 ; C. ^Y \ no. 13>7. Eupterote alterata, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. :jr,r, : ('. \ s. no. 1369. Eupterote discordans, Vutl. 111. HH. v, p. <:»;. pi. ««r,, iio>. r,, 7 ; ( : A .s1. no. 1383. Eupterote mutans, Wlk. Cat. i\ . p. (.'<)i ; C. ^ S. no. l.'5'.x;. Eupterote auritiua, Afoo/v, Trn«*. i:»t. >|. ],. :;«;i : C. ^ /S. no. 1371. Eupterote immutata, Jtfoo/v, T/'awij. i'nf. /Sbc. 1884, p. 366 ; C. # S. no. 1390. Eupterote permutata, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 3r.<» : r. ,V .V. no. 1400. Eupterote fasciata, Moore, Lep. Cci//. iii. }). o41, ])1. I'll', ti-r. 1. Eupterote ochripicta, Moore, P. Z. 6'. li^7!». p. -110; Z<^. Oy/. ii. pi. 136, figs. 1, 1 a, b (larva) ; C. b -V. IK.. l:Jl>!>. Eupterote lucia, ^wf/. ^. M . N. H. (5) xvi, 1885, p. 340, pi. 8, fig. 4 ; C. 8f S. no. 13,)-;. d" . Differs from umlata in having the ground-colour bright yellow. $ of some forms brown, as in umlata, in others suffused with bright red-brown, in others yellow. The line drawn between the falia and umlata sets of forms is purely artificial, and merely for convenience. The form discordans, from Calcutta ( rf 80-94, $ 8S millim.), has the male bright yellow, the waved lines, postmedial lines, and outer waved line very prominent ; the yellow may have an olive tinge, or the head, thorax, abdomen, and base and outer margin of fore wing may be yellow, whilst the whole medial area is suffused with umber-brown ; the female is brown, and similar to that sex of invalida. Muta)is=immutata=permutata=auriflua, from Sikhim, Nepal, Malabar (d 94, $ 106 millim.), is yellow, the wared lines almost obsolete, the postmedial lines and spots red-brown ; female much more suffused with red. EUPTEEOTE. Alterata, from Sikhim ( rf 112 milliin.), is brighter yellow ; all the markings indistinct, except the spots within the waved line of the fore wing ; female brown. Fig. 35. — Eupterotefabia, J. }. Fabia, from Madras ( 3 90 millim.), is chrome-yellow, the waved lines of both wings obsolescent ; the inner postmedial line very strongly marked, the spots below the costa of fore wing forming a blotch ; hind wing with the waved outer line obsolete. Gyra, from Belgaum ( $ 102 millim.), has the spots towards inner margin of fore wing and waved outer line of hind wing present. Ochripicta=fasdata, from Ceylon ( rf 130, $ 116-130 millim.), has the spots below the costa of fore wing separate ; in the female the colour is mustard-yellow, the waved lines coming out very strongly red-brown, or both wings may be almost wholly suffused with bright chestnut, so as to obscure the markings ; head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish brown. Larva of the form ocliripicta is dark purplish brown ; dorsal tufts of long and short hair ; lateral and sublateral short tufts ; three paired series of white dots on each somite ; a series of red sub- dorsal spots on 5th to llth somites. Cocoon pale brown. Hab. Sikhim ; throughout N. and S. India ; Ceylon. Exp. 90- 130 millim. 70. Eupterote mollifera, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 376 ; C. $ S. no. 1394. Apha flava, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 359; C. % S. no. 1341. Tagora anthereata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 512. 58 EUPTEEOTID^:. Bomochroa ornata, Feld. Eeis. Nov. pi. 94, fig. 3. Tagora discrepans, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 360 ; C. $ S. no. 1355. Eupterote contaminata, Moore, Tram. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 868 j C. 8f S. no. 1378. Eupterote mollis, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 367 ; C. $ S. no. 1395. Eupterote todara, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 364 ; C. $ S. no. 1408. Eupterote rufodisca, Hmpsn. EL Het. viii, p. 64, pi. 142, fig. 11. Eupterote flavia, Hmpsn. III. Net. viii, p. 64, pi. 142, fig. 10. Eupterote rectifascia, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 65, pi. 142, fig. 4. Eupterote lativittata, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 367 ; C. $ S. no. 1392. Eupterote canaraica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 410 ; C. $ S. no. 1373. Eupterote nilgirica, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 77 ; C. 8f S. no. 1398. Differs from fabia in being smaller, with the ground-colour always yellow or drab in both sexes, often more or less suffused with rufous ; the fore wing has at most five waved lines within the double postmedial lines, one of which is often obsolete ; the hind wing three lines at most within the postmedial lines ; the outer waved line and spots within it variable. The form discrepans = contaminata, from Bombay and Can am ( d" 84 millim.), has the thorax suffused with rufous; ton- wing with the rufous waved lines obsolete on the di>k and inner margin; neither wing with spots inside the outer waved line, but a rufous suffusion between it and the outer postmedial line ; a rufous spot on inner margin of hind wing near the base ; cilia dark rufous- brown. Mollif era =fon>a=antJiereata= ornata, from the Nilgiris and Cey- lon ( ^ 64, $ 80 millim.), has, in the male, the fore wing more uniformly suffused with brownish rufous ; the spots inside the outer waved line of both wings present, those towards the costa of fore wing grey ; female yellower, with the grey spots larger and forming a more complete series. Mollis=todara, from Bombay and the Nilgiris (J 64, $ 72 millim.), has the cilia yellow, the postmedial lines indistinct, the black spots near inner margin of fore wing prominent, the inner postmedial line of hind wing nearer the base ; its variety rufo- disca, from the Nilgiris ( rf 68 millim.), has the costa and whole medial area of fore wing suffused with rufous. Flavia, from the Nilgiris ( <$ 72 millim.), is much paler yellow ; the spots within the outer waved line of both wings dark, not grey; cilia of fore wing brown below the apex. Rectifascia, from the Nilgiris ( 3 TOmilliin.), is pale dull brown, the markings indistinct, except the inner postmedial line of both wings, which appears as a strong dark line. Canaraica=lativittata, from Bombay, Canara, and the Nilgiris (84 millim.), has the male yellow, much suffused with red-brown, the outer margin of both wings red-brown ; female brownish ochreous, the fore wing with one subbasal, and both wings with one ETJPTEROTE. 59 medial waved line ; the postmedial line, the spots, and outer waved line prominent. Nilgirica is without the postmedial waved line. Larva of the form mollifera is whitish speckled with black; dorsal tufts of black hairs on each somite arising from a whitish hump ; a dorsal blue-black band ; a subdorsal pinkish band tra- versed by a grey line ; a series of small lateral black spots ; sub- lateral area purplish grey with long hairs ; stigmata and legs pink ; head black. Hob. Throughout S. India and Ceylon. Exp. 64-84 millim. 71. Eupterote flavicollis, Guer. Voy. Deless. Hist. Nat. p. 94, pi. 27, fig. 1 ; C.8f8. no. 1415. Bombyx collaris, Guer. Voy. Deless. Hist. Nat. p. 95 ; C. $ S. no. 1414. Bombyx adolphsei, Guer. Voy. Deless. Hist. Nat. p. 96 ; C. % S. no. 1413. S . Differs from typical mollifera in the thorax being red-brown. Fore wing with five or six waved lines before the postmedial line, which is curved ; the grey spots take the form of a complete waved band and are further from the postmedial line ; between the line and grey band is a conjoined series of dark spots, those towards inner margin largest. Hind wing with a single postmedial curved line, and sometimes medial and outer lines. Underside with medial, postmedial, and outer waved lines. $ . Eeddish brown ; the collar not yellow ; abdomen brown ; both wings with an indistinct postmedial line ; fore wing with the submarginal grey band nearly straight. The form adolplicei is dark brown, the collar yellow7, the fore wing suffused with grey ; flavicollis is yellowish grey-brown ; collaris paler and redder. Hub. Nilgiri plateau. Exp., 3 60-72, $ 75 millim. 72. Eupterote diffusa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 374 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi 135, fig. 2; C. 8r S. no. 1382. c? . Differs from mollifera in having the head brown ; the thorax, abdomen, and wings vary in colour from greyish white to dull ochreous brown ; the postmedial line single, curved on both wings, and much nearer the margin ; the waved lines fairly distinct or obsolescent, as are the spots and outer waved line ; cilia brown. Bob. Ceylon. Exp. 66 millim. 73. Eupterote primularis, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 371 ; C. $ S. no. 1421. c? . Differs from diffusa in being very pale primrose-yellow ; both wings without waved lines near the base; a well-marked medial line, which is curved and waved on the fore wing, waved 60 EUPTEBOTID^E. on the hind wing. Fore wing with the postmedial line yellow- brown, straight, oblique, and arising from the costa near the apex ; the two spots towards inner margin prominent ; the outer line more or less prominent ; the costa yellow-brown. Hind wing with the postmedial line curved, the spots and outer waved line some- what indistinct. Hal. Nilgiris, S. slopes, 3000 feet. Exp. 58 rnillim. 74. Eupterote geminata, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 907 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 137, figs. 2, 2 a: C. Sf S. no. 1419. ? Phalaerm petosiris, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv, pi. 397 D ; C. $ S. no. 1402. Dreata anada, Moore, Lep. E. I. C. pi. 365 ; C. $ S. 110. 1:;70. Brachytera phalaenaria, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 95, tig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 1420. Horanpella placida, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 143, pi. 137, figs. 1, 1 a ; C. $ S. no. 1332. Dreata lineata, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 907 ; C. $ S. no. 1430. d . Fore wing with a single medial indistinct slightly curved line ; both wings with a prominent postmedial slightly curved line. $ . Duller, the medial line of fore wing absent. Typical i/t m i until is bright ochreous yellow; one or two pro- minent dark spots below the costa of fore wing and two towards inner margin. Hind wing with similar but less prominent spots. In ana -In ami />/ni/ti inirin these spots are absent; jtlnc'nln is suf- fused with dull brown, the spots present, but not prominent ; one $ has the head and thorax fuscous ; lineata has the spots ahsi-nt. Hob. N. India; Canara ; Ceylon. Exp.t d 58, $ 66-80 milliin. 75. Eupterote minor, Moore ; Cotes, Museum Notes, ined. d . Differs from geminata in the two lines of the fore wing bcin^ more erect and curved below the costa ; the two lines of the hind wing more curved and less oblique. Head yellowish. The colour varies from pale dull ochreous to pale reddish, the latter with traces of the submarginal line to both wings. $ . Dark red-brown ; the Hues of both wings further apart ; a dark spot on the inner line of fore wing at end of cell ; cilia grey at tips. Hab. Shwebo, Burma. Exp., d 46-55, $ 50 millim. 76. Eupterote lineosa, ink. Cat. \i, p. 1440 ; Bull III. Het. \, pi. 96. tig. 9 ; C.8f S. no. 1418. Murlida fraterna, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 371 j C. $ S. no. 1417. Fore wing with the postmedial line single, almost straight, and oblique, with at most live waved lines before it ; the two spots beyond it towards costa and two towards inner margin generally present ; the outer waved line indistinct. EUPTEROTE. 61 The colour varies from pale primrose-yellow to bright ochreous yellow. Hob. Nepal ; Sikhim ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp., rf 70-82, £ 85-90 millim. 77. Eupterote undans, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 905 ; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 97, fig. 6 ; C.Sf S. no. 1409. S . Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish brown ; wings grey- brown irrorated with dark scales. Pore wing with six highly waved lines. Hind wing with three nearly straight indistinct lines and a highly waved submarginal line. Hob. Mahableshwar ; Bangalore ; Assam ; Nilgiris. Exp. 60 millim. 78. Eupterote testacea, wik. Cat. iv, p. 906 ; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 97, fig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 1416. Head and thorax fulvous yellow; abdomen and wings pale ochreous yellow. Fore wing crossed by two antemedial and two medial, nearly straight indistinct dark lines ; a double postmedial similar line, the inner line well defined ; a waved submarginal line ; the basal and outer areas irrorated with dark scales. Hind wing with an antemedial line ; a double postmedial line ; a diffused submarginal curved line. Hob. Cachar ; Sylhet ; Khasis ; Bernardmyo, Burma. Exp., $ 68, $ 86 millim. 79. Eupterote translata, Swirih. P.Z. S. 1885, p. 304, pi. 21, fig. 5: C. fy S. no. 1434. c? . Differs from testacea in being pale ochreous brown. Fore wing with antemedial, medial, and postmedial indistinct lines ; the prominent postmedial line single ; the submarginal line nearer the margin. Hind wing without the antemedial line ; the postmedial line single and straighter ; the submarginal line better defined. Hab. Satara ; Poona ; Nilgiris. Exp. 54 millim. 80. Eupterote flavida, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 372 ; C. & S. no. 1428. Messata acinea, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 141. Colour yellow, in typical flavida with a slight ruddy tinge. Pore wing crossed by three slightly curved oblique bands of blackish scales from near the apex to inner margin, towards which they diverge ; the middle band often obsolete. Hob. N. Canara; Khandala; Nilgiris. Exp. 74 millim. 81. Eupterote plumipes, wik. Cat. iv, p. 907; C. $ S. no. 1431; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 133, fig. 5. Messata rubiginosa, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1108. Messata quadrifasciata., Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 409 ; C.$S. no. 1432. Messata similis, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 139, pi. 133, fig. 4 ; C. fy S. no. 1433. 62 EUPTEBOTIDjE. c? . Fore wing with three indistinct waved medial bands ; an oblique dark band from apex to centre of inner margin ; a sub- marginal indistinct band. Hind wing with traces of medial and submarginal bands in some specimens. $ . Fore wing with the medial waved lines and submarginal line very indistinct. The colour in typical plumipes is reddish brown, in the female very dark vinous brown ; in the form quadrifasciata brownish ochreous, in similis and (enescens yellow. Hob. Ceylon. Exp., 3 64, $ 70 millim. 82. Eupterote vialis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 409 ; id. Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 134, fig. 4 ; C. Sf S. no. 1436. ^ . Differs from plumipes in the hairs of the thorax being tipped with yellow. Fore wing without the medial and submargiual lines ; the oblique band inwardly dark brown, outwardly yellow. Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 71 millim. SECT. II. Female with patches of raised scales at outer angle of fore wing on underside and at apex of hind wing on upper- side. 83. Eupterote citrina, ink. Cat. iv, p. 905; C. $ S. no. 1376. 3 . Antennae rufous ; head, collar, and prothorax fuscous ; meso- and metathorax pale yellowish white; abdomen pale mMi>h brown clothed with yellow hair: wings uniform pale yellouish white. $? . Antennae, head, and thorax yellowish white ; the patches of raised scales ochreous. Hab. Deccan ; Bombay ; Central India, and ? Sikhim. Exp., $ 84, $ 50-80 millim. 84. Eupterote unicolor, Hmpm. 111. Net. viii. ].. <;:,. v\. \.\->, tig. 8. S . Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown. Wings vinous red- brown ; an almost obsolete postmedial line, curved below the costa, and with traces of some spots beyond it ; the abdomen and costa of hind wing sometimes yellowish. $ . Paler ; fore wing with antemedial and medial lines curved below the costa ; both wings with the postmedial line, but no spots beyond ; the patches of raised scales vinous. 'Bah. Madras; Nilgiris. Exp., 3 72, $ 68 millim. Genus NISAGA. Nisaga, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 885 (1855). Type, N. simplex, Wlk. Eange. Assam and throughout S. India. NISAGA. — SANGATISSA. 63 Palpi very thickly clothed with hair, slight and porrect. Antennae with the branches very long in male. Pore wing short and broad, the outer margin rounded ; the discocellulars angled below vein 5, which is given off near the angle of cell, 11 arising some way before veins 7, 8, 9, which are stalked. Hind wing with the discocellulars angled below vein 5 ; veins 6 and 7 stalked. 85. Nisaga simplex, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 885 ; C. $ S. no. 1438. Nisaga modesta, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 373 ; C. fy S. no. 1437. <3 . Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish brown. Pore wing whitish, yellowish, or reddish brown ; the interspaces with very Fig. 36. — Nisaga simplex, <$. \. broad dark red-brown streaks, which may be partially or (in the form modesta) quite obsolete. Nab. Khasi Hills ; throughout S. India. Exp. 42-50 millim. Genus SANGATISSA. Sangatissa, Moore, Lep. CeyL ii, p. 143 (1883). Type, S. subcurvifera, Wlk. Range. N.W. Himalayas ; throughout S. India and Ceylon : Yunnan. Palpi slight, porrect, and thickly clothed with hair. Antennae with the branches very long in the male, short in female. Pore wing produced at apex, the outer angle rounded ; the discocellulars angled below vein 5, which is given off just below the angle ; vein 6 stalked with 7, 8, 9, or from the angle, vein 11 arising some way before the angle. Hind wing narrow ; the discocellulars angled below vein 5 : veins 6 and 7 stalked. 86. Sangatissa subcurvifera, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 375 ;(?.#& no. 1424 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 134, fig. 6. Sangatissa albipars, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 372 ; C. $ 8. no. 1422. 64 EUPTEBOTIDJE. Dreata triseriata, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 393 ; C. & S. no. 14i'.\ Dreata citrinula, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 370 ; C. # S. no. 14:M. Nisaga teta, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 140. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown. Wings whitish brown. Fore wing with three blackish curved bands — one from the Fig. 37. — Sangatissa subcurvifera, <$. j-. base to near apex, one from base of inner margin to apex, the otlier on outer margin. Hind win' Or. Ent. p. 88, pi. 42, fig. 3; C. $• S. no. 164 ; Moore, Lep. C< /'. pi. 76, figs. 1, 1 a-c (pupa and larva). Acherontia medusa, Butl. Trans. Z. S. ix, p. 597 ; C. $ S. no. 165. Head brown ; thorax dark blue-grey, with black lateral lines which meet behind ; the centre of the thorax occupied by a fulvous " skull-mark " with two black " eyes " ; abdomen yellow, with blackish segmental bands and a blue-grey stripe down the vertex. Fore wing mottled with various shades of brown, fulvous, and grey ; three indistinct antemedial lines ; a pale spot in the end of cell ; two lunulate curved postmedial lines. Hind wing yellow Fig. 40. — Acker ontia styx, $ . \. with a postmedial black band not reaching the costa or anal angle ; a similar submarginal maculate band. Differs from A. atropos in having two medial bands on the underside of the fore wing instead of one, and no bands on the underside of abdomen. Larva green, with oblique lateral yellow streaks on somites 4-10. Hab. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Asia Minor ; China ; Siam ; Borneo ; Celebes ; Timor ; Philippines ; Japan. Exp. 106 millim. 89. Acherontia lachesis, Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl p. 434. Acherontia morta, Hilbn. Verz. p. 140 ; C. fy S. no. 166 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl ii, pi. 77, figs. 1, 1 a-c (larva and pupa). Acherontia satanas, Boisd. Kp. Gin. pi. 16, fig. 1. Acherontia lethe, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 87, pi. 42, fig. 2. r2 68 SPHINGID^E. Larger and much darker than styx • the segmental bands and grey stripe occupying so much of the abdomen that only small patches of yellow are left. Hind wing with a large black patch at the base ; the medial and postmedial bands so broad that only narrow bands of yellow remain. Underside of abdomen banded with black ; and the wings banded with black and with a spot in the cell of each. Larva differs from styx in having blue streaks above the yellow ones; before pupating it turns brown and the oblique streaks disappear. Hob. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Siam ; Penang ; Java ; China. Exp. 92-134 millim. Subfamily SMERINTHIN^E. Larva rugose, tapering to the head, which is more or less produced to a point above ; horn straight. Imago with the proboscis very short and thin ; head projecting but slightly forward. Fig. 41.— Larva of Polyptychus dyras. (From Moore, Lep. Ceyl. pi. 78.) Key to the Genera. a. Fore wing with outer margin crenulate or angled. a '. The apex acute. a2. Palpi rounded 1. POLYPTYCHUS, p. (58. ft2. Palpi thin and flattened 2. CYPA, p. 71. b'. Fore wing with apex rounded, spatulate scales on thorax and abdomen ; tf with claspers highly developed 4. LANGIA, p. 73. b. Fore wing with outer margin evenly rounded. a'. Apex acute ; spurs long 5. LEUCOPHLEBIA, p. 74. b'. Apex truncate ; spurs short, one pair on hind tibia 3. DAPHNUSA, p. 72. Genus POLYPTYCHUS, Polyptychus, Hilbn. Verz. p. 141 (1818). Maruniba, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii. p. 8 (1882). Type, P. dentatus, Cram. POLTPTTCHUS. 69 Range. Japan ; China ; throughout India and Ceylon ; Java ; Madagascar ; S. Africa ; United States. Palpi rather slight ; legs with the spurs short ; wings with the outer margins crenulate, varying in amount individually ; veins 6 and 7 of hind wing from end of cell or stalked. 90. Polyptychus dentatus, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, p. 42, pi. 125 G ; C. Sf S. no. 132 ; Butl Tr. Zool. Soc. ix, pi. 91, fig. 10 (larva). Sphinx timesius, Stall, Suppl. Cram. Pap. Exot. p. 172 ; C. fy S. no. 133. Polyptychus trilineatus, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 390 ; Butl. III. Het. vii, pi. 121, fig. 4; C. $ S. no. 133 A. Sphinx modesta, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, p. 356. G-rey ; fore wing with a diffused medial band ; oblique ante- medial, postmedial, and submarginal lines, the last curved in some specimens ; between the postmedial and submarginal lines is an indistinct waved line; apical area clouded. Hind wing with a waved postmedial line. Cilia chequered brown and white. Under- side : fore wing with submarginal, hind wing with medial and sub- margiaul lines. The form timesius is darker, with the waved line on the fore wing obsolescent. In the form trilineatus the postmedial line of the fore wing is also obsolete, and on the underside only the sub- marginal line on each wing is present. Larva green, with yellow marks down the back outlined in pink ; oblique dark lateral stripes ; horn yellow. Sab. Bombay ; Bengal (dentatus) ; E. Himalayas (timesius) ; N.W. Himalayas (trilineatus). Exp., 3 90, $ 120 millim. 91. Polyptychus dyras, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 250 ; C. $ S. no 140 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 78, figs. 1, 1 a-c (larva and pupa). Triptogon cristata, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 253 ; C. $ S. no. 136. Triptogon gigas, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 253 ; C. fy S. no. 137. Triptogon albicans, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 254 ; C. $ S. no. 139. Triptogon ceylanica, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 255 ; C. $ S. no. 141. Triptogon silhetensis, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 255 ; C. fy S. no. 142. Triptogon oriens, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 255 ; C. $ S. no. 143. Triptogon massurensis, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 256 ; C. fy S. no. 144. Triptogon fuscescens, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 256 ; C. $ S. no. 145. Treptogon piceipennis, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xx, p. 393. Smerintbus sperchius, Men. En. Corp. An. Mm. Acad. Set. Petrop. ii, p. 137. Triptogon andamana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 595 ; C. $ S. no. 148. Triptogon rectilinea, Moore, P. Z.S. 1879, p. 388 ; C. $ S. no. 149. Smerinthus indicus, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 254 ; C. fy S. no. 150. Triptogon sinensis, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 254. Triptogon javanica, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 254. Pale brown ; a dark line, which is obsolete in some specimens, from head to end of abdomen. Fore wing with a subbasal line ; three antemedial lines converging towards inner margin ; two 70 oblique slightly bent postmedial lines, the outer one obsolescent ; another postmedial line, curved from the costa to vein 2, then recurved upwards and inwards and enclosing a red-brown spot surrounded by an indistinct line ; two curved submarginal lines. Fig. 42. — Polyptychus dyrax, c? • {• Hind wing red-brown, the area at anal angle paler, with two red- brown spots on it. Underside of fore wing with only the lines on the outer half present; hind wing with two postmedial straight lines and two submarginal curved lines. The darkest form is cristata from SSikhim, in which both wings are suffused with brown and the lines on the fore wing are straighter and more oblique, the uppermost of the anal spots on the hind wing is obsolete, as also is the outermost of the two postmedial lines on the underside of both wings ; in piceipennis, from Japan, the fore wings have an olive tinge and the lines are more bent, the hind wing is dark, but both anal spots are present as also traces of the outer postmedial line; rectilinea is a small dark form with the spots at anal angle conjoined ; ceylanica = fuscescens = oriens = silhetensis is larger than the last and rather paler ; in sperchius, from Japan, the fore wing is clouded in parts ; gigas is a large form, the fore wing pale, the hind wing dark ; dyras = sinensis = javanica is again rather paler and smaller ; indicus is a small pale starved specimen ; the palest form albica-ns, from the N.W. Himalayas, has the spots at the anal angle, and in some specimens the lines, almost obsolete. Exp. 94-114 millim., (gigas) 150 millim., (indicus} 60 millim. Larva blue-green with short white granular spines ; lateral oblique streaks on 5th-10th somites; 4th somite with a black- ringed white ocellus ; horn yellow. POLYPTTCHUS. — CTPA. 71 Hob. N.W. and E. Himalayas ; Assam ; Canara ; Ceylon ; Andamans; Japan; China; Siam ; Java. 92. Polyptychus spectabilis, Bull. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 256 ; Trans. Zool. Soc. ix, pi. 93, fig. 1 j C. $ S. no. 147. c? . Differs from dyras in the fore wing being variegated with different shades of brown and purplish grey ; the lines are similar except that there is a medial line present enclosing between it and the first postmedial line a bright coloured patch very variable in extent. Underside with the area before the apex of the fore wing suffused with pink and grey ; the apex and outer angle fulvous yellow instead of chocolate ; hind wing suffused with pink and grey, the anal angle yellow. .' Sikhim. Exp. 94-120 millim. Genus CYPA. Cypa, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 41 (1864). Type, C. ferruginea, Wlk. Range. Sikhim ; Tavoy ; Ceylon. The 'palpi flattened and thin; hind wing with the subcostals on a long stalk. 93. Cypa decorata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 568 ; C. $ S. no. 146. $ . Dark olive-brown. Fore wing with the outer margin highly excised between veins 4 and 7, and much angulated towards outer angle ; suffused with pale pink ; a large irregular medial brown patch bordered with pink on the costa and partly including a pale reniform spot, beneath which is a dark brown " in verted- comma " shaped mark ; two curved postmedial pink lines, the inner one waved near the inner margin ; some diffused brown streaks near outer angle ; a triangular brown-edged patch on the costa before the apex, with a short white streak below it. Hind wing with a broad black and narrow pink streak near anal angle. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 72 millim. 94. Cypa decolor, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 255 ; C. fy S. no. 131. Cypa incongrueiis, Butl. III. Het. v, p. 12, pi. 80, ^ figs. 8, 9; C. 8f S. no. 77. Fore wing highly angled and crenulate. Dark red-brown ; the fore wing suffused with darker patches, especially at the middle; a dark speck at end of cell, and two indis- tinct submarginal waved lines. Hind wing with the cilia white towards anal angle, which is less produced in the female than p. .„ in the male. Cypa decolor, j. j. Hab- Sikhim; Tavoy. Exp. 62 millim. 72 SPHINGID.E. 95. Cypa ferruginea, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 42 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl ii, pi. 79, tig. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 78. Fore wing with the outer margin hardly angulated or crenulate and more uniform in colour. C. decolor and ferruginea may prove to be varieties of the same species. Hal. Ceylon. Exp. $ 60 millim. 96. Cypa floralis, Butl. Trans'. Z S. ix, p. 639 ; III. Het. v, pi. 81, fig. 1 ; C. fy S. no. 138. Antennae pink ; head and thorax green ; abdomen olive. Fore wing with outer margin evenly curved, green with a pink patch on base of inner margin ; an oblique postmedial dark line ; some brown on the nervules beyond the cell and at outer angle. Hind wing bright pink ; the outer margin broadly olive ; cilia whitish towards anal angle. Underside green ; fore wing with the whole basal half except the costa pink, an indistinct line beyond the cell from the costa to vein 5, an oblique white and green postmedial line, an indistinct Bubmarginal lunulate line; hind wing crossed by three oblique white and green lines. Hob. Sikhiin. Exp. $ 114 millim. Genus DAPHNUSA. Daphnusa, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 237 (1856). Type, D. ocellaris, Wlk. Itani/t'. tSikhim ; Burma ; Borneo. The apex of fore wing more rounded and truncate ; the outer margin straight and but slightly oblique ; hind wing with the apex rounded ; the anal angle with a rounded lobe ; the outer margin not crenulate ; the tuft on vertex of head highly developed. Spurs very short, hind tibia? with only the terminal pair. SECT. I. Veins 6 and 7 of hind wing on a long footstalk. 97. Daphnusa ocellaris, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 238. Daphnusa orbifera, Wlk. Joum. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 85. c? . Pale reddish brown or dark olive-brown ; collar and vertex of thorax darker. Fore wing with two waved subbasal lines angled outwards at vein 1, where they join an oblique aritemedial band ; a crenulated postmedial baud with a large pale spot on it at inner margin, the inner side having some red dentate marks on it ; two crenulated sub marginal lines ; a chestnut patch on the costa before apex. Hind wing red-brown, with some bright chestnut lines above anal angle. Underside : fore wing with DAPHNUSA. LANGIA. 73 two crenulated submarginal lines ; hind wing with curved medial and postmedial lines. £ . Darker brown : a dark brown band on metathorax. Hob. Borneo; Bassein, Burma. Exp., rf 80-92, $ 112 millim. SECT. II. Veins 6 and 7 of hind wing from end of cell. 98. Daphnusa porphyria, Bull Trans. Z. S. ix, p. 640 ; C.fyS. no. 152. Brown ; fore wing variegated with ferru- ginous and olive-brown ; a dark patch below the end of the cell ; another at apex en- closed by a white lunule with a dark streak below it ; a spot near outer angle. Hind wing brown, with a dark spot above the lobe at anal angle. Underside with a submar- ginal pale line to both wings ; the apex of fore wing dark, with the apical lunule as Fig. 44. above. nusa porphyria, <$. \. jja^ gikhim. Exp. rf 60 millim. Genus LANG-IA. Langia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 567. Type, L. zenzeroides, Moore. Range. Himalayas and Khasi Hills. Palpi rounded. Pore wing with the apex more rounded ; the outer margin much more crenulate towards outer angle ; the thorax, abdomen, and parts of fore wing covered with peculiar spatulate scales, giving a very rough appearance ; male with the claspers extremely developed ; subcostals of hind wing from end of cell. 99. Langia zenzeroides, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 567; C. fyS.no. 134. Langia khasiana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 568 ; C. $ S. no. 135. Head pale ; thorax — the vertex leaden with some ochreous lines, the sides dark brown ; metathorax covered with light and dark brown spatulate scales, as is also the abdomen. Fore wing with the costal area leaden grey, whitish below the cell, dark grey towards inner and outer margins ; three very oblique dark lines from the apex to near centre of inner margin ; a whitish submar- ginal line ; outer margin with light and dark lunules in the crenulations. Hind wing brown, with some dark brown and whitish lines near anal angle ; a marginal dark line ; cilia whitish towards anal angle. The form Jchasiana is slightly darker. Larva. Green, covered with raised tubercles ; a subdorsal line of tubercles from the head to the horn. 74 SPHINGIDjE. Hob. Simla; Dharmsala ; Sikhim; Khasis. Exp. 126-160 millim. Fig. 45.— Langia zenzeroides, $ . \. Genus LEUCOPHLEBIA. Leucophlebia, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. }». 1(5 (1848). Type, L. lineata, AVestw. litimi,'. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Java ; China. Fore wing with the apex hardly produced ; the outer margin evenly rounded. Palpi rounded. 100. Leucophlebia lineata, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 46, pi. 22, fig. 2 C. $ S. no. 153; Moore, Lep. Mm. E. I. C. pi. 8, ii-r. 5 (larva). Leucophlebia rosacea, Butl. P. Z* S. 1875, p. 15, pi. 2, tig. 4 ; C. $ S. no. 154. Palpi and frons brown ; antennae ochreous ; vertex of head and sides of thorax and abdomen pale pink ; a brownish ochreous stripe on vertex of thorax and abdomen. Fore wing bright pink ; a yellow stripe from the base of cell to apex, widest beyond the cell ; a short narrow yellow streak in the interno-median interspace from the base; veins 2, 3, and 4 white, with some diffused fuscous below 4fi them. Hind wing tawny. Cilia yel- Leucophlebia lineata, <$. }. lowish white. LEUCOPHLEBIA. 75 The form rosacea, from S. India and Ceylon, is rather smaller and darker than typical lineata. Larva green covered with tubercles ; a broad white lateral stripe ; head white, with a pink streak on guise ; horn and legs pink. Hob. Chekiang ; Nepal ; Cachar ; S. India ; Ceylon ; Java. Exp., rf 70, $ 80 millim. 101. Leucophlebia emittens, Wlk. Cat. xxxv,p. 1858; C.$S. no. 156. Leucophlebia bicolor, Butt. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 16 j id. III. Het. v, pi. 80, fig. 6 ; C.$8. no. 155. Leucophlebia damascena, Buti. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 392 ; id. III. Het. v, pi. 80, fig. 7; C. $S. no. 157. Differs from lineata in the palpi and frons being pink; fore wing with the yellow streak broader and extending below the cell ; veins 2, 3, and 4 yellow, without fuscous below them ; outer margin of hind wing narrowly pink ; thorax with a narrow tawny streak on vertex. The type of emittens has all the pink parts dusky brown, but as the pink reappears below it is probably a discoloured specimen ; the N.W. Himalayan form bicolor is paler than the form damascena. Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Bombay ; Central India ; Burma. Exp. 55-65 millim. Subfamily AMBULYCINJS. Larva. Anterior segments tapering slightly towards the head, which is larger and rounded ; horn oblique, not curved. Imago. Proboscis moderately long ; antennae slender ; abdomen of male with lateral angular expansions. Fig. 47. — Larva of Ambulyx semifervens. (From Moore, Lep. Ceyl pi. 80.) Key to the Genera. a. Fore wing with apex rounded and obtuse 1. CALYMNIA, p. 76. b. Fore wing with apex acute 2. AMBULYX, p. 77. 76 SPHINGID.E. Genus CALYMNIA. Calymnia, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 123 (1856). Type, C. panopus, Cram. Mange. India ; Ceylon ; Java. Antennae gradually diminishing to a long hook. Fore wing long, the costa curved, apex rounded and obtuse, the outer margin oblique and excised ; the subcostals of hind wing from the angle of cell; the discocellulars but slightly angled. 102. Calymnia panopus, Cram. Pap. Exot. in, p. 50 ; Moore, L*-j>. Ceyl. ii, pi. 81, tigs. 1, 1 a, 1 b (pupa and larva) ; C. Sf S. no. 186. Calymnia pavonica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 596; C. fy S. no. 187. Head, thorax, and terminal segments of abdomen golden brown ; the proximal segments pale. Pore wing purplish flesh-colour ; some brown waved lines near the base ; then an oblique band ; some waved brown lines from the costa to lower angle of cell ; an oblique postmedial band; a highly waved and irregular whitish submarginal line; a dark ocellus near outer angle. Hind wing flesh-colour, the outer area brown ; the disk suffused with pink ; antemedial, medial, and two postmedial lines, the last two angled below the costa. Underside much mottled with yellow. Fig. 48. — Calymnia panopus, J. }. The Andaman and Burmese form pavonica is much darker, especially the basal segments of the abdomen. Larva grey and granulose, with a subdorsal yellow spotted line from the head to the horn ; the 4th to 10th somites with oblique yellow lateral stripes ; horn tubereulate. Hob. Throughout India, Cevlou, Burma, and the Andamans. Exp., rf 132, $ 134 millim. AMBULYX. 77 Genus AMBULYX. Ambulyx, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 61 (1848). Dahira, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 390. Clanis, Hiibn. Verz. p. 138 (1818), gen. non descr. Type, A. substrigilis, Westw. Range. India ; Japan ; Africa ; "W. Indies ; S. America. The apex of fore wing more acute, the outer margin evenly curved. 103. Ambulyx substrigilis, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent.v. 61, pi. 30,%. 2; C. $ 8. no. 118. Arabulyx schauffelbergii, Brem. Schmett. Nb'rd. Chin. p. 12. Ambulyx maculifera, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1851 ; Butl. 111. Het. v, pi. 80, fig. 3; C. #&no. 119. Ambulyx consanguis, Butl. 111. Het. v, p. 11, pi. 80, fig. 4 ; C. 8f S. no. 120. Ambulyx liturata, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 250 ; id. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix, pi. 91, figs. 2 & 3 (larva and pupa). Ambulyx rhodoptera, Butl P. Z. S. 1875, p. 251 ; id. Tr. Zool Soc. ix, pi. 93, tig. 8 ;< C. 8f S. no. 121. Ambulyx auripennis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 388 ; Lep. Ceyl. ii. pi. 79, figs. 1, 1 a, 1 b (larva and pupa) ; C. 8f 8. no. 128. Ambulyx placida, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 390; Butl. III. Het. vii, pi. 121, tig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 127 A. Ambulyx sericeipennis, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 251 ; C. & S. no. 122. The hind wing crenulate. Pale ochreous or greyish brown to purplish brown in colour ; an olive-green band between the antennae; lateral olive-green bands on the thorax meeting on metathorax ; abdomen with two olive blotches on the fifth seg- ment, and one on the seventh in some specimens ; sides of palpi Fig. 49. — Ambulyx substrigilis, $. •}. and pectus ferruginous ; some specimens with a ferruginous line down the vertex of abdomen. Fore wing with a basal olive speck ; a subbasal olive blotch on the costa, and another below the median 78 SPHINGIDJE. nervure, the former being obsolete in some of the forms ; two irregularly dentate, more or less obsolete antemedial lines, and two similar lunulate postmedial lines; a curved band from apex to outer angle, the inner part of which is light, the outer dark. Hind wing ochreous, mottled with fuscous ; an erect medial, and curved more or less lunulate postmedial band; some specimens with the anal half of the margin dark. One Burmese specimen is greyish, the olive markings on thorax and at base of fore wing very prominent, the waved lines well defined. The next palest form placida is greyish, with the mark- ings of fore wing ill-defined ; auripennis is ochreous ; rhodoptera has a reddish tinge ; in substrigilis = sericeipennis = schauffelbergii the markings are more prominent ; liturata has a purplish tinge with streaks on the nervules ; in consanguis the costal olive blotch is present, and there is an olive blotch near outer angle; whilst maculifera is the darkest form, being purple-brown in colour. Larva pale green with darker granular spots ; a white dorso- lateral line ; pale yellow oblique streaks on 5th to 10th somitrs ; horn purple, with white granular spots. Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Assam ; Silhet ; Ceylon. Exp., 3 100, $ 130 millim. 104. Ambulyx semifervens, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 38. Ambulyx turbata, Butl. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix, pi. 93, fig. 7 ; C. $ S. no. 124. Ambulyx thwaitesii, Moore, Lep. Cn/l. ii, p. 11, pi. 80, figs. 1, 1 a, 1 b (larva and pupa) ; C. 8f S. no. 129, Ambulyx lahora, />'////. /'. /. S. 1875, p. 251 ; C. $ S. no. 123. Ambulyx subocellata, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 76, fig. 3. The lateral olive bands on the thorax much narrower than in substrigilis. Fore wing with some small grey annular marks taking the place of the subbasal blotches ; the antemedial lines much less dentate. The form semifervens =thwaitesii is pale ochreous; tur1>ata = lahora dark ferruginous red, the intermediate gradations occurring. Larva olive-green above, bluish at sides with pale granul;it< • 144 millim. 112. Ambulyx pagana, Fabr. Sp. Ins. ii, p. 146 ; C. $ S. no. 163 (part.). Basiana cervina, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 237 ; C. # S. no. 160. Differs from deucalion in being much redder in tone, and in wanting the black patch at base of hind wing and black streak on underside below the median nervure of fore wing. The form cervina is smaller and paler. Phalaris, bilineata, deu- calion, and pagana may possibly be varieties of one species. Larva green, with 7 oblique lateral stripes and short aborted horn. Hob. Sikhim ; Bengal ; Madras. Exp., (pagana} 3 140, $ 160 millim ; (cervina) 110 millim. 113. Ambulyx exnsta, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 252 ; id. Trans. Zool. Soc. ix, pi. 93, fig. 4 ; C. $ S. no. 162. Differs from pagana in having the vertex of the thorax dark ; fore wing writh a pale irregular indistinct band before the margin ; hind wing with two indistinct postmedial and prominent sub- marginal and marginal dark lines. Underside of fore wing with three postmedial lines, of hind wing with two. Hob. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 80 millim. 114. Ambulyx ornea, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 13, pi. 6, fig. 3 ; C.$S. no. 183. Smerinthus pudorinus, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 253; C. fy S. no. 161. Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing reddish ochreous ; the fore wing with broad greyish ante- and postmedial bands ; a greyish band along inner margin with some dark strigse on it ; a dark speck at the end of the cell. Hind wing pink ; a grey patch at anal angle with some dark streaks on it. Hob. Alinorah ; Central India. Exp., $ 54, $ 80 millim ACOSMERYX. 81 Subfamily CH^EROCAMPIN^E. Larva with the anterior somites retractile ; the third more or less swollen ; the third and sometimes some of the other somites laterally ocellated ; horn variable. Fig. 50.— Larva of CJuzrocampa theylia (from Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix. pi. 175. fig. 1). Pupa without external sheath for the proboscis. Imago. Proboscis large ; apex of fore wing but slightly pro- duced ; male with small lateral expansions to abdomen. Key to the Genera. a. Hind wing with apex acute. a'. Palpi with first joint not hollowed out. a2. Antennae gradually fining to a long hook. a3. Fore wing slightly excised below apex ........................ 63. Fore wing very acute at apex. ... b'2. Antennae abruptly hooked. a3. Legs with spurs of moderate length. b3. Legs with spurs very long ...... c2. Antennae very thick before the hook . b'. Palpi with first joint hollowed out .... b. Hind wing with apex rounded ; antennae gradually fining to a long hook. a. Hind wing with outer margin straight . b'. Hind wing with outer margin excurved. 1. ACOSMERYX, p. 81. 2. AMPELOPHAGA, p. 83. 3. CH^ROCAMPA, p. 84. 4. DAPHNIS, p. 94. 5. DILEPHILA, p. 97. 6. THERETRA; p. 99. 7. ELIBIA, p. 100. 8. ANGONYX, p. 101. Genus ACOSMERYX. Acosmeryx, Boisd. Sphing. p. 214 (1875). Type, A. ancea, Cram. Range. Japan ; throughout India and Ceylon ; Borneo ; Java. Antenna3 rather slight, the hook long ; palpi broad at tip ; fore wing slightly excised below the apex. 115. Acosmeryx ancea, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv, p. 124, pi. 355 A; Butl. Trans. Zool. Soc. ix, pi. 90, figs. 11, 12 (larva and pupa) ; C. $ S. no. 46. Philampelus sericeus, Wtk. Cat. viii, p. 181 ; C. & S. no. 45 ; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 78, fig. 2. VOL. I. G 82 SPHINGIDJE. Acosmeryx pseudonaga, Butl III. Het. v, p. 2, pi. 88, fig. 3 j C. 8f S. no. 47. Acosmeryx cinerea, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 245 ; C. $ S. no. 44 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 89, figs. 2, 2 a (larva and pupa). Acosmeryx shervillei, Boisd. Sp. Gen. i, p. 217. Acosmeryx anceoides, Boisd. Sp. Gen. i, p. 216. Greyish brown ; the vertex of head dark ; pro-, meso-, and m eta- thorax each with a dark transverse streak ; dorso-lateral oblique dark stripes on each segment of the abdomen. Fore wing with nine curved and waved antemedial dark lines, the interspaces Fig. 51.— Acosmeryx anceus, tf. }. between three of the pairs of lines being filled in with dark brown, so as to form one subbasal and two antemedial bands ; a dark- ringed pale speck at end of cell, the pale centre being sometimes obsolete ; four post medial curved lines ; an oblique dark band from beyond the middle of the costa to outer angle, in some of the forms produced outwards along vein 5 so as to be more oblique ; a pale submargiual obsolescent line from below the apex to outer angle, sometimes carried out to the margin at vein 4. Hind wing brownish fuscous, with traces of a pale patch and dark lines near anal angle. Underside more or less suffused with ferruginous, ochreous, and grey ; the outer margin of both wings dark ; hind wing with five indistinct lines. The form ancea is brownish grey, a small dark specimen from Bhutan being nearest Cramer's figure ; in sericea the grey parts are suffused with purple or pinkish ; in pseudonaga the ground-colour is darker and more suffused ; whilst the colour of cinerea is more uniform greyish fuscous ; the dark and light forms appear to occur irrespective of locality. Larva green ; a series of brown dorsal spots and of lateral oblique stripes on fifth to tenth somites ; an ocellated spot on fourth somite ; a black stripe from first to fourth somite, with a yellow line above it ; horn brown. ACOSMERYX. — AMPELOPHAGA. 83 Hab. Himalayas ; N.E. India ; S. India ; Ceylon ; Penang ; Borneo; Java; Amboiua ; Japan. Exp. 80-110 millim. 116. Acosmeryx naga, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C. i, p. 271; C. $ S. no. 48. Differs from typical ancea in the autemedial lines of the fore wing being more angled outwards ; the postmedial streak more oblique and almost reaching the middle of outer margin ; the sub- marginal pale line reaching the outer angle and not bent out to the margin at vein 4. Hab. N.W. and E. Himalayas. Exp. 100 millim. Genus AMPELOPHAGA. Ampelophaga, Bremer fy Grey, Beitr. Schmett. nb'rdl. China, p. 11 (1853). Type, A. rubiginosa, Br. & Gr., from Japan. Range. Japan ; Himalayas. Palpi reaching top of head and pointed at the tip ; apex of fore wing acute. 117. Ampelophaga rilbiginosa, Bremer fy Grey, Schmett. nordl. China, p. 11 ; Men. Cat. Lep. Petr. pi. 12, fig. 2. Ampelophaga romanovi, Stand. Rom. Mem. iii, p. 158, pi. ix, fig. 1 a. Ampelophaga fasciosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 391 ; C. 8f S. no. 49; Butl. III. Net. vii, pi. 121, fig. 3. Antennae whitish ; head, thorax, and abdomen ruddy olive- brown ; a white line on vertex of thorax and abdomen. 1'ore wing olive-brown, with the markings very indistinct ; traces of two Fig 52. — Ampelophaga rubiginosa, (j*. }. antemedial, one postmedial, and one submarginal line; a dark mark on discocellulars : a triangular patch on costa at apex. Hind 84 wing fuscous, with the cilia pale. Underside pinkish, each wing with two faint transverse lines. Larva pale pinkish brown, with numerous short dark stripy ; narrow dorsal and subdorsal lines ; a yellow dark-ringed ocellus on the fourth somite, with a black centre speckled with white ; a yellow black-ringed ocellus on fifth somite ; horn black. Hob. ? Japan ; Amur ; N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Nagas. Evp., 6 90, £ 100 millim. 118. Ampelophaga dolichoides, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 7G, fig. 8; C. $ S> no. 51. Differs from rubiyinosa in having the palpi pale and with no ruddy tinge. Fore wing with antemedial, medial, and postmedial nearly straight oblique lines, which are pale, outwardly edged by dark brown ; a waved and curved submarginal line ; no apical triangular patch. Underside less pink. Hah. Sikhim. Exp. 100 millim. Genus CHJEROCAMPA. Chaerocampa, Dup. L6p. France, Suppl. ii, p. 159 (1835). Isoples, Hiibn. Verz. p. 135 (gen. indescr.) (1818). Xylophanes, Hiibn. Verz. p. 136 (gen. indescr.) (1818). Hippotion, Hiibn. Verz. p. 135 (gen. indescr.) (1818). Panacra, JfV/,-. Cot. viii, p. 154 (I8fi6> Gnathothlibus, Wallenyr. (Efv. Kongl. Vetens.-Akad. Forh. 1858, p. 137. Hathia, Moore, Lep. Ceyl ii, p. 19 (1882). Type, C. elpenor, Linn. liunye. Universally distributed. Antenna) with the hook short and slight ; the palpi moderately broad and quadrate at tip : apex of hind wing rather acute ; the discocellulars oblique. A. Hind wing crimson. 119. Chaerocampa elpenor, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, pt. 2, p. 801 (1867) ; U'i'Htic. $ Humphr. Brit. Moths, pi. 5, figs. 7, 8; C. $ S. no. 79. Chaerocampa macromera, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 7; id. III. Het. v, pi. 79, fig. 3 ; C. # S. no. 80. Chaerocampa fraterua, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 247 j id. III. Het. v, pi. 79, fig. 4 ; C.&S. no. 81. Chaarocampa lewisii, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 247. Chaerocampa rivularis, Boisd. Sp. Gen. i, p. 280. Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-green ; antennae, sides of palpi, and head pink ; thorax and abdomen with pink dorsal and lateral stripes. Fore wing olive-green ; the costa pink ; an oblique pink band from beyond end of cell to inner margin ; another from apex to inner margin ; outer margin broadly pink ; inner margin with some white near base. Hind wing with the basal half black, the outer half pink, with a little olive-green CH^EROCAMPA. 85 towards apex. Underside with the whole of both wings, except the costa and part of disk, suffused with pink. Typical elpenor= lewisii from Europe, Japan, and N.W. India is smaller, with the pink on hind wing and underside rather less developed ; in the form fraterna from the W. Himalayas the colour is rather duller and the pink on underside more evenly disposed over the disk of both wings than in the eastern form macromera. Larva brown or green, with numerous black strigae ; some indis- tinct black dorsal lines on first two somites ; a black blotch on third somite ; pale ocelli on black blotches on fourth and fifth somites. Hob. Europe ; Japan ; Sind ; Himalayas ; Shillong ; Nagas ; Manipur. Exp. (elpenor} 64 millim., (macromera} 80 millim. 120. Chaerocampa alecto, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 802 (1767) ; a $ S. no. 83 ; Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 137 D ; Butt. P. Z. S. 1880, pi. 39, fig. 8 (larva). Spninx cretica, Boisd. Ann. Soc. Linn. Paris, 1827, p. 118. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown ; antennae and sides of thorax whitish ; abdomen with a black lateral patch near base. Fore wing pale brown, with a dark speck at end of cell ; six faint oblique lines from near apex to inner margin. Hind wing pink, with a large black patch at base ; outer margin black ; anal angle flesh-colour, as is the underside. The form cretica, Boisd., from Turkey and Afghanistan, is paler. Larva green, speckled with yellow ; a dorsal green line ; a sub- dorsal yellow stripe and series of yellow ocelli with green centres on fourth to eleventh somites, decreasing in size posteriorly. Nab. Turkey; China; Formosa; throughout India and Ceylon ; Borneo, Java. Exp.9 3 90, $ 106 millim. 121. Chaerocampa eson, Cramer, Pap. Exot. iii, p. 57. Chaerocampa elegans, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 8, pi. 2, fig. 1 ; C. 8f S. no. 84. Chzerocampa gracilis, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 8, pi. 2, fig. 2. Differs from alecto in the abdomen having faint ochreous stripes and wanting the black patches ; the black patch at base of hind wing smaller. The form eson from S. Africa is rather broader and larger than the N. African and Asiatic form. Hab. Throughout Africa ; China ; India ; Java ; Borneo. Exp. 70-90 millim. 122. Chaerocampa theylia, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 803 (1767) ; C. 8> S. no. 85 ; Moore, Lep. Ceijl. ii, pi. 84, fig. 5 ; Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix, pi. 175, fig. 1 (larva). Chserocampa ratflesii, Bull Trans. Z. S. ix, p. 550 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 84, fig. 3 ; C. # S. no. 86 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, pi. 175, fig. 3 (larva). 86 • SPHINGIDJE. Chaerocampa vinacea, Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix, ined., pi. 157, fig. 26, pi. 175, fiofs. 2, 2a (larva and pupa). Sphinx boerhavias, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 542. Sphinx pluto, Fabr. Gen. Ins. p. 274, ii, 148. 40. Sphinx pinastrina, Martin, Pysche, pi. 30, fig-. 85. Pergesa vampyrus, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii, p. 98 ; C. fy S. no. 58. Sphinx octopunctata, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i, pt. 5, p. 2386. Differs from eson in being smaller and without the black patch at base of hind wing. Larva brown, with numerous dark strigae on dorsal area ; lateral area whitish, ventral grey; a large ochreous ocellus on fourth somite, outlined in black and centred with pink above, black below; a series of six decreasing ocelli on an ochreous line from 5th to 10th somites, ochreous, outlined in black and centred with brown ; horn pale, short, and rapidly running to a point. Feeds on Itubiacece. The form rafflesi is rather darker and brighter coloured than theylia. The larva is dark chocolate-brown, some seven white subdorsal spots on thoracic somites; seven ocelli on 4th to 10th somites, the first -,. ro largest, ochreous white, outlined in black Charocampa 'theylia, <$. \ and with an ochreous-speckled black centre, the others centred with brown : horn dark brown, the tip ochreous, blunt, and of even diam. -t..-r throughout, from its base crimson streaks extend forward and backward. Feeds on the same Rubiacea1 as theylia. The form vinacta, again, is rather darker and brighter coloured, with the larva pale brown, a narrow dorsal black line from 1st to 4th somite ; pale subdoreal streaks on the same somites : oval ocelli on fourth and fifth somites, ochreous, outlined in black and centred with brown, on which in the first ocellus is an ochreous streak, which in the second is crimson ; horn long, straight, and pointed, brown with a white tip, with dark streaks extending forward and backward from its base. Feeds on Impatiens. The imagos of these three forms are almost indistinguishable, and whether we have here three good species breeding true, or the larvae are in some way affected in form of horn, as well as colour and the number of ocelli, by some conditions of life, we have no evidence to show ; all were bred, preserved, and drawn in the same locality by that most careful observer, Mr. E. E. Green of Ceylon, who informs me that the larva of vinacea refuses to eat the food-plants of the others. Hob. China ; Formosa ; throughout India and Ceylon ; Java ; Borneo. Exp. 60 millirn. CH^EOCAMPi. 87 123. Chserocampa celerio, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 800 ; C. $ S. no. 88 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 84, fig. 4 ; Moore, Lep. JE. 1. C. pi. xi, figs. 1, la (larva and pupa). Sphinx tisiphone, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 803. Hippotion ocys, Hiibn. Verz. p. 135. Phalsena inquilinus, Harris, Ex. p. 93. Head and thorax as in eson ; abdomen with a white spot on each segment between the dorsal white lines ; a pair of silvery lateral strigse on each segment. Fore wing paler ; some silvery streaks on the median nervure; the nervules beyond the cell streaked with silvery white and black ; a silvery-white line from apex to near base of inner margin, followed by some ochreous and pale brown lines ; a white submarginal line ; the markings are thus similar to olchnlandice, except that the lines that come out white are different. Hind wing with the base and anal angle bright pink ; disk blackish ; the outer area ochreous brown, with a black submarginal line and the nervules between it and the cell black. Larva brown ; a series of whitish ocelli with darker centres from 4th to 10th somites ; horn and underside white. Hob. Europe ; Africa ; the whole of India and Ceylon ; Java ; Borneo; Timor; Australia; Fiji. Exp. 66-74 millim. B. Hind wing fuscous, with a more or less defined pale or crimson submarginal band. 1 24. Chserocampa lycetus, Cram. Pap. Exot. i, p. 96, pi. 61 D ; C.8fS. no. 94. Chserocampa rosina, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 248, pi. 37, tig. 6 ; C. fy S. no. 91. Chserocampa drancus, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, p. 56, pi. 132 p ; C. fy S. no. 89. Chaerocainpa prunosa, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 622 ; C. $ S. no. 108 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii. pi. 84, fig. 2. Differs from theylia in being brownish in colour, with but a slight pink tinge ; sides of abdomen golden yellow ; the two dorsal lines paler. Fore wing with the oblique stripes from the apex silvery white. Hind wing blackish, with some flesh-coloured suffusion on the submarginal area. Underside more ochreous and less pink than in iheylia. The form lycetus = rosina from Mussooree and Sikhim is pinker in tone and has more flesh-colour on the hind wing than drancus = prunosa from Ceylon. Hob. Mussooree ; Sikhim ; Ceylon. Exp. 68 millim. 125. Chserocampa oldenlandise, Fair. Syst. Ent. p. 542 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 85, figs. 1, 1 a (larva) ; C. fy S. no. 90. Chserocampa puellaris, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 623 ; C. $ S. no. 92. Xylophanes gortys, Hiibn. Samml. exot. Schm. figs. 513, 514. Differs from lycetus in being greyish brown without pink suffu- 88 SPHINGIDJE. sion ; the two dorsal lines on abdomen silvery white, as also the oblique stripes on fore wing ; the sides of abdomen ochreous, not golden. Hind wing with the submarginal band ochreous and narrow. The form puellaris from the N.TV. Himalayas is small and pale. Larva pale purplish brown ; a subdorsal line of yellow and white spots with a pale lateral line below them on the thoracic somites ; black-ringed ocelli on 4th to 10th somites, the first two centred with blue, the posterior with purple. In the early stages these posterior ocelli are centred with crimson, and there are dorsal bands of yellow specks. Hob. Egypt; throughout Asia; Philippines; Java; Am. Exp. 80 mUiim., (puellaris) 54 millim. 126. Chaerocampa silhetensis, ink. Cat. viii, p. 143; Butl. Trans. Zool. *S'oc. ix, pi. 92, tig. 8 (larva and pupa) ; C. $ S. no. 93. Chaerocampa bisecta, Moore, Lep. E. I. C. p. 278. Xylophanes piiiastrina, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 18, pi. 87, fig. 2. Differs from oldenlandias in being very much paler, with but one white line down centre of abdomen. Fore wing with only the line beyond the oblique brown band silvery ; the others ochreous. Larva green, with the dorsal area red-brown ; a subdorsal paler line with equal-sized ocelli from 4th to 10th somites with green centres ; horn red-brown. Hob. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Java ; Borneo ; Formosa ; Japan. Exp. 60-68 millim. 127. Chaerocampa vigil, Gutr. Deles*. Toy. ii, p. 80, pi. 23, fig. 1 ; C. fy S. no. 71 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 87, figs. 3, 3 a, b (larva and pupa). Panacra lignaria, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 156. Sphinx phcenyx, Herr.-Schiiffer, Eur. Schmett. pi. 83, fig. 478. Head and thorax brown, with pale lateral streaks ; abdomen brown, with numerous dark strigae and pairs of pale lateral strigae on each segment. Fore wing brown ; the lines much as in celerio, but without any silvery markings, those on the median nervure being absent and the oblique line from the apex (which is much more curved) and those towards outer margin being pale ochreous brown. Hind wing smoky brown, with traces of a darker sub- marginal line. Larva pale green or brown, with black dorsal dots ; an ocellus on 4th somite, which is blue centred with yellow in the green form, ochreous with black ring and centre in the brown form ; a subdorsal line from 5th to llth somite ; horn purplish in the green form. Hah. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Andamans ; Philippines ; Australia ; New Hebrides. Exp. 64-74 millim. CH^EOCAMPA. 89 128. Chaerocampa insignis, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) x, p. 432 ; C.$S. no. 75. Differs from vigil in the pale lines on the vertex of abdomen coining out more strongly, fore wing with black lines developed beyond the cell parallel to the oblique pale line, which is wider and more curved and broadly edged on the outer side with black ; the dark submarginal line waved; cilia black, not chequered. Hind wing suffused with pinkish beyond the middle ; a dark sub- marginal line and marginal band. Underside pinkish. flab. Andamans. Exp. $ 60 millim. 129. Chaerocampa bnsiris, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 158; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 79, fig. 2 ; C. £ S. no. 62. Pore wing highly angled at vein 5 in both sexes. Head and thorax dark green ; palpi pinkish brown ; delicate pinkish lines above the eyes and outlining the collar and patagia ; abdomen brownish, with darker lateral patches on the first two segments. Tore wing with a brown patch at the base marbled with darker lines and extending further along the costa than the inner margin ; a white patch at base of inner margin ; a green medial band, wide at costa ; a black speck at end of cell ; marginal area pale brown with three dark curved lines, the submarginal line waved and white near the apex. Hind wing dark brown ; a pale brown marginal line, widest at anal angle, where there are some indistinct lines inside it. Underside green at base, marbled with reddish, purplish, and grey towards outer margin. Hab. Sikhim ; Sylhet. Exp., 3 66, $ 82 millim. 130. Chaerocampa variolosa, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 156 ; a $ S. no. 69. Panacra vagans, Butl. 111. Het. v, p. 4, pi. 78, fig. 7 ; C. 8f S. no. 74. Head and thorax olive-green and brown, with numerous brown lines ; abdomen with a golden tinge, mottled with purplish grey towards base. Fore wing olive-green, marbled with purplish grey at base ; three oblique lines from the apex to centre of inner margin ; a submarginal line. Hind wing brown, with some pale marks towards anal angle. Underside of body and wings beau- tifully suffused with golden yellow ; postmedial lines developed on both wings. Hab. Sikhim ; Bhutan ; Borneo. Exp. 80 millim. 131. Chaerocampa metallica, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 6 ; C.fy S. no. 68. Panacra perfecta, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 391 ; id. III. Het. v, pi. 78, fig. 8 ; C. 8f S. no. 73. Differs from variolosa in the olive-green and brown tints of both upper and under side being replaced by ochreous and red-brown tints. 90 SPHINGLD.E. The female (metallica) has the fore wing broader, with the outer margin more excised below the apex. Nab. Sikhim. Exp. 64-70 milliui. 132. Chaerocampa automedon, wik. Cat. viii, p. 154 ; Butl III. Het. v, pi. 79, fig. 1 ; C. # S. no. 65. Panacra truncata, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 160. The outer margin of fore wing angled at vein 5, more so in the male than in the female. Markings similar to those of metallica ; the coloration much duller, being pale ochreous speckled with brown. Underside nearly uniform dull ochreous ; one postmedial line coming out as specks on the nervules, the others obsolescent on fore wing, obsolete on hind wing ; outer margin rather darker. Female with the fore wing broader. Hob. Sikhim ; Sylhet ; Pegu ; Eaugoou. Kvp. 54 milliin. 133. Chaerocampa mydon, JJ7/,. Cat. viii, p. 155; Butl. III. II. f. v, pi. 78, fig. 9 ; C.$ S. no. 66. Panacra scapularis, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 157; Moore, Lep. E.I. C. pi. ix, figs. 5, 5 a (larva and pupa) ; C. 8f S. no. 70. Panacra frena, Sivinh. Cat. Lep. Mus. Oxon. p. 12, pi. i, fig. ">. Fore wing less produced at apex ; the outer margin more erect and excurved at median nervules. Differs from i,ni«Hn-.">. Chserocampa tenebrosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 595; id. Lep. Ceyl. ii, pl. 80, fi-rs. -2, '2 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 96. Chaerocampa rhesus, Boisd. Sphing. p. 254. Ochreous brown ; the antennae, front of head, and sides of thorax paler. Fore wing with a black speck at end of cell ; two oblique indistinct lines from near the apex to near base of inner margin ; three similar lines from the apex nearly parallel to outer margin. Hind wing smoky black, paler towards anal angle. Underside with a slight rosy tinge. The form tenebrosa is darker on both upper and under sides than lucasii, which again is darker than rhesus, but these differences are varietal, not local. Larva brown with darker specks ; a pale lateral line on thoracic somites ; an ocellus on 4th somite, which is white, centred with CH^ROCAMPA. 93 crimson, with a black ring on an ochreous ground ; a fine subdorsal line on the posterior somites, with leaden oblique streaks below it. Hob. Throughout India and Ceylon; Andamans ; Borneo; Javn ; China ; Australia. Exp. 80 millim. 141. Chserocampa butus, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, p. 88, pi. 152. Sphinx velox, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, p. 378 j C. fy 8. no. 97. Sphinx clotho, Drury, Exot. Ins. ii, p. 48 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 87, fig. 1 ; C. fy S. no. 98. Chaerocampa gronograpta, Bull. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 249 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, pL 175, fig. 10 (larva) ; C. Sf S. no. 101. Chserocampa aspersata, Kirby, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 241 ; C. fy S. no. 99; Waterh. Aid, i, pi. 97. Chaerocampa punctivenata, Butl P. Z. S. 1875, p. 248 ; C. $ S. no. 100. Differs from lucasi in having the fore wing longer, with the apex more pointed ; head and thorax greenish ; abdomen with black lateral patches on the first segment. Underside more ochreous. In the form butus = velox = do tho = aspersata one of the oblique lines from the apex of the fore wing is prominent ; in the forms gonoyrapta and punctivenata this line is obsolescent, in the last- named coming out as specks on the nervules. Larva pale green or brown, speckled with dark striae ; 4th somite with a green ocellus, edged with yellow above, pink below, with a lineal white centre ; a pale lateral line from 5th somite to horn, which is purplish ; legs pink, claspers green. Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Andamans; Borneo ; Java. Exp. 88-106 millim. 142. Chaerocampa mirabilis, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 248; id. Trans. Zool. Soc. ix, pi. 92, fig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 82. Head, thorax, and first two segments of abdomen olive-green ; sides of head and thorax white ; distal segments of abdomen ruddy brown. Pore wing olive-green, the base darker; a dark green antemedial waved line and postmedial curved line ; a dark speck at end of cell. Hind wing ruddy brown with traces of a submarginal line. Underside : fore wing brown at base and outer margin ; the postmedial area pink ; an oblique postmedial brown line : hind wing pink, the outer margin brown ; a medial curved brown line. Hab. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 86 millim. 143. Chserocampa lineosa, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 144; Butl III. Het \ pi. 79, fig. 7 ; C. iff S. no. 104. ChaBrocampa major, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 249 ; C. fy S. no. 103. Chaarocampa minor, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 249 ; C. fy S. no. 102. Head, thorax, and abdomen green; head and thorax with a pale 94 8PHING1D.E. lateral band ; thorax with a pale band on vertex ; abdomen with four pale dorsal lines. Fore wing green, with a black patch at base of inner margin ; a black dot at end of cell ; about seven indistinct oblique lines from the apex. Hind wing black, with a diffused pale submarginal band. Underside ochreous, suffused with red and speckled with black ; some black in cell of fore wing and post- medial dark lines. In the variety major prominent pale stripes appear between the oblique lines of the fore wing. In some specimens the second or third line from the outer margin of the fore wing becomes double towards inner margin. Hob. Mussooree ; Sikhim ; Assam ; Sylhet. Exp. 86-108 millim. C. Hind wing dull red or orange. 144. ChaBTOcampa pallicosta, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 145; Moore, Lep.Ccyl. ii, pi. 84, fig. 6; C. $ S. no. 106. Head and thorax red-brown, with a lateral white streak. Fore wing red-brown, with the costa paler ; a pale speck at end of cell ; a white line along inner margin ; a postraedial lunulate diffused dark line and traces of a submarginal line. Abdomen, hind wing, and underside pinkish ferruginous ; cilia of hind wing white. flab. Assam; Sylhet; E.Pegu; Ceylon; Hongkong. Exp. 82 millim. 145. Chaerocampa erotus, Cram. Pap. Rrot. ii, p. 12; C. $ S. no. 107. Chserocampa erotus, wzr.ninlainjiucnsis. A'/VAy, Trans. JEnt.Soc. 1*77, p. 242 ; Water/i. Aid, ii, pi. 141, fi-r. 1. Gnathothlibus erotoides, ]\' Moths, pi. 18, %. 1 a (larva). Deilephila lathyrus, Wlh. Cut. viii, p. 172 ; C. # S. no. 110; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 80, fig. 1. Differs from Uvomiea in wanting the white lines from vertex of thorax ; abdomen without dorsal marks and with the black and white lateral marks only on the first t\\o segments. Fore wing with a \\liitisli band narrowing to the inner margin and rxl. Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-brown or green ; abdomen with lateral black segmental bands. Fore wing olive-brown or green, \vith six faint waved lines and an angled submargiual line, Fig. 63. — Nephele hespera, the space between it and outer margin paler ; at the end of the cell are two conspicuous silvery white spots, which may be reduced to a small speck or be altogether obsolete. Hind wing red-brown ; the cilia ochreous. Underside paler, each wing with two transverse lines. Larva green, with a pale stripe from 7th to llth somites. Hab. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Australia. GURELCA. 109 Subfamily MACROGLOSSIN^E. Larva with the thoracic somites retractile and tapering to head ; horn long and curved. Imncjo. One medial and two lateral tufts of hair at end of abdomen. Fig. 64. — Larva of Macroglossa gilia (from Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix, pi. 175, fig. 6). Key to the Genera. a. Fore wing more than twice length of an- tennae. a'. Antennae gradually fining to a long hook ; anal tufts small 7. RHODOSOMA, p. 122. b'. Antennas abruptly hooked; anal tufts large 6. SATASPES, p. 121. b. Fore wing less than twice length of an- tennae. a'. Antennae gradually fining to a long hook ; outer margin of fore wing angulate, inner margin excised 1. GURELCA, p. 109. b'. Antennae abruptly hooked ; margins evenly rounded. a2. Fore wing with vein 6 from end of cell ; hind wing with veins 3, 4, and 6, 7, from end of cell. a3. Cell of hind wing of normal length. a4. Antennae abruptly thickening to [p. 111. the club 2. RHOPALOPSYCHE, 64. Antennae gradually thickening to [p. 112. club 3. MACROGLOSSA, b3. Cell of hind wing short 4. HEMARIS, p. 119. b2. Fore wing with vein 6 given off after end of cell ; hind wing with veins 3, 4, and 6, 7 stalked : the cell extremely short '. 5. CEPHONODES, p.120. Genus GURELCA. Gurelca, Kirby, Proc. Roy. Dull. Soc. ii, p. 330 (1880). Type, G. Jiyas, Wlk. Range. N. India ; Mhow ; Java ; China ; Japan. Antennae gradually fining to a long hook. Palpi with the second joint rather broad ; crest on head well developed. Fore wing with outer margin angled. 110 SECT. I. Hind wing with the costa much excised. 1 73. Gurelca hyas, Wlk. Cat viii, p. 107 ; Butl Trans. ZooL Soc. ix, pi. 90, figs. 1-3 (larva and pupa) ; C. $ S. no. 40. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown ; the collar and tegulre outlined with red-brown ; abdomen with some red-brown lateral segmental marks. Tore wing grey-brown, a black speck at base ; two indistinct pale curved ante- medial lines ; a grey streak on discocellulars, with a dark red- brown patch on each side of it ; two highly angulate postmedial \o\\>^ lines, with a pale line between J 'YS3 ^^ them from vein 3 to inner mar- -N^f gin ; a red-brown streak below t'Q vein 4 ; a red-brown mark on inner margin before the outer Fig. 65.— Gurelca hyas, $ . -{-. angle; a curved submarginal line ; a subtriangular dark mar- ginal patch below the apex. Hind wing yellow, with an annular spot on discocellulars ; a broad evenly curved marginal brown band. Underside of both wings ochreous, much marbled and suffused with red-brown and brown, with a broad, irregular, marginal, grey-brown band ; inner area of hind wing yellow. Larva green variegated with red-brown ; or else red-brown with the thoracic somites green; lateral oblique streaks from 5th to 9th somites. Hob. Hongkong; Sikhim; Sylhet; Mhow; Java. Krp. 40millim. 174. Gurelca masuriensis, Bntl P. Z. S. 1875, p. 244, pi. 36, fig. 3 ; C. 8f S. no. 37. Lophura himachala, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 621 ; C. $ S. no. 42. Lophura erebina, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 621 ; C. $ S. no. 43. Differs from hyas in the thorax and abdomen being more marbled with red-brown. Fore wing with the markings confused by being more marbled; the dark mark on inner margin near outer angle absent. Hind wing much more produced at apex ; the marginal band broader at the costa, narrower towards anal angle, with its inner edge straight. Hob. Mussooree ; N.E. Himalayas. Exp. 50 millim. *175. Gurelca macroglossoides, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1851 j C. $ S. no. 56. From the description this species would appear to differ from hyas and masuriensis in the fore wing being " powdered with cinereous bloom," with some oblique irregular lines ; a black sub- GUKELCA. — EHOPALOPSYCHE. Ill costal streak intersected by a forked, slightly gilded line ; an undulated gilded subrnarginal line. Hind wing with part of the base dark, the yellow band with curved margin. Hub. Sikhira. Exp. 48 millini. SECT. II. The costa of hind wing very slightly excised before the apex. 176. Gurelca pnsilla, Butl P. Z. 8. 1875, p. 244 ; C. $ 8. no. 38. Lophura pumilio, Boisd. Spec. Gen. i. p. 311 ; C. fy S. no. 39. cJ . Differs from hyas in there being a black spot at end of cell of fore wing ; a broad, oblique dark band from costa beyond the cell to centre of inner margin. Hind wing with the marginal baud red-brown. Underside ; fore wing with the marginal band narrow at outer angle ; hind wing with medial and postmedial curved lines ; no marginal band. Hob. Cachar ; Sylhet. Exp. 30 millim. Genus RHOPALOPSYCHE. Rhopalopsyche, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 239. Type, R. nycteris, Koll. Range. Himalayas and Peninsular India. Antenna clubbed, the basal half thin, the hook short and slight : with no bands of cilice in male. Palpi with the apex porrect and acutely scaled ; fore wing not more than twice the length of antennae, the outer margin excurved. "Flight diurnal. 177. Rhopalopsyche nycteris, Koll. Hug. Kaschm. iv, p. 458, pi. 19, fig. 5 ; C. $ S. no. 8. Macroglossa volucris, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 94. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown ; abdomen with lateral yellow bands on the first three segments ; the penultimate segment fringed with white; four lateral tufts in- creasing in size posteriorly, the first two white, the others black tipped with orange, anal tufts black. Fore wing grey-brown ; some subbasal indistinct lines ; an antemedial band, recurved towards the base at inner margin ; three postmedial curved lines ; a square brown spot on the costa before the apex, with a black spot below it, from which a waved oblique line runs to the apex. Hind wing black-brown with a broad medial ellow Fig. M.— Rhopalopsyche nycteris, 3. \. Hal. Himalayas; Khasis; Burma. Exp. 41 millim. 112 178. Rhopalopsyche bifasciata, ButL P. Z. S. 1875, p. 239, pi. 36, tig. 4 ; C. $ S. no. 7. Differs from nycteris in having the antemedial baud darker ; the interspace between the first two postmedial lines filled in with dark so as to form a band. Hind wing with the band extending nearly to the base and bright orange in colour, as are the lateral bands on abdomen. Hab. Nilgiris, 3000-8000 feet. Exp. 42 millim. Genus MACROGLOSSA. Macroglossum, Scop. Intr. Hist. Nat. p. 414 (1777). fthamphoschisma, Wallengr. (Efv. af Konyl. Vet.-Akad. xv, p. 139 (1858). Type, M. stellatarum, Linn. Mange. Europe ; Africa ; Asia ; and Australasian region. Antennae gradually thickening to a club; male with tufts of cilia. Fore wing with outer margin evenly rounded. The species are numerous, closely allied, and difficult to discri- minate. GEOUP I. Male with the costa of hind wing evenly arched. A. hind wing dark red. 179. Macroglossa fervens, ButL P. Z. S. 1875, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 3; C. # S. no. 15. Macroglossa regulus, Boi$d. Spec. G6n. i. p. 335.; C. 4* S no. 14. Head and thorax olive-green ; basal segments of abdomen olive- green above, reddish yellow at sides ; distal three segments black ; the penultimate segment fringed with white ; anal tufts black, tipped with fulvous. Fore wing dark red-brown, with a promi- nent antemedial dark band ; two postmedial lines, one fine, the other diffused; an obscure dark mark on the costa before the apex, with a black streak below it. Hind wing bright red with dark border. Underside: palpi white; thorax ochreous ; abdo- men red-brown and brown, with lateral white tufts on 4th seg- ment ; wings red, with base yellow and outer border brown. Hab. Kanara ; Nilgiris, 3000-4000 feet. Exp. 44 millim. 180. Macroglossa vialis, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 240, pi. 36, fig. 5; C. Sf S. no. 12. Differs from fervens in the head and thorax being rufous ; ab- domen red-brown, the terminal segments not black ; the lateral yellow bands less developed ; the lateral tufts rufous. Fore wing with the dark antemedial band less prominent and nearer the base ; the postmedial lines less angled. Hind wing with the dark margin broader. JJab. Kanara. Exp. 44 millim. MACROGLOSSA. 113 181. Macroglossa gyrans, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 91 : Moore, Lev. Ceul. ii, pi. 93, fig. 1 ; C.&S. no. 13. Differs from fervens in the head and thorax being grey-brown ; the basal segments of abdomen red-brown above, each segment fringed by a few metallic blue scales, the penultimate segment with longer white fringe, the distal segments less black. Fore wing grey-brown, with three antemedial fine lines and three post- medial curved lines. Hind wing with the dark border diffused. Underside of thorax white ; wings duller red, except at inner margin of hind wing. Hab. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Siam. Exp. 48 millim. 182. Macroglossa affictitia, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875. p. 240, pi. 36, fig. 7 ; C. $ S. no. 11. Macroglossa zena, Boisd. Sphing. p. 337 j C. fy S. no. 18 (part.). Differs from gyrans in the terminal segments of the abdomen being brown above, with lateral black patches ; no white fringe to penultimate segment. Fore wing with the antemedial lines re- placed by a band as in fervens. Hind wing with the base brown, the marginal brown band broad. Underside with the inner area of hind wing yellower. Hab. Simla ; S. India ; Ceylon. Exp. 52 millira. B. Hind wing with a yellow band. 183. Macroglossa stellatarum, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, 2, p. 803; Esp. Schmet. ii. pi. 13, figs. 1-3 (larva and pupa) ; C. 8f S. no. 9. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale grey-brown ; abdomen with pale yellow lateral marks on 4th segment, the tufts at sides of distal segments black and white and well developed. Fore wing grey-brown, with one antemedial and one postmedial line promi- nent, the former waved, the latter curved; the first two ante- medial lines obsolescent, as also are the first and third post- medial lines ; the first two postmedial lines close together ; the dark mark near apex almost obsolete. Hind wing dusky at base ; medial area reddish yellow; outer margin reddish. Larva purplish brown or greenish, with numerous white specks ; a whitish subclorsal line ending in the bluish horn ; a yellow sub- spiracular line ; head ochreous. Hab. Palaearctic region ; N. Africa ; Sind ; Punjab ; Cochin China. Exp. 44-54 millim. 184. Macroglossa belis, Cram. Pap. Exot. i, p. 147, pi. 94 c ; Butl. Trans. Zool. Soc. ix, pi. 90, figs. 6 & 7 (larva and pupa) ; C. $ S. no. 18 (part.). Macroglossa troglodytus, Boisd. Sphing. p. 344. Macroglossa opis, Boisd. Sphing. p. 345. Macroglossum assimilis, Swains. Zool. III. ser. i. 1820, vol. i. pi. 64. Macroglossa phyrrhula, Boisd. Sphing. p. 338. Differs from affictitia in the head, thorax, abdomen, and fore YOL. i. i 114 SPHINGID^E. wings being redder brown; the two lines forming the antemedial band o£ the fore wing not filled in with black ; the postmedial lines not so parallel, the second being nearer the first at the costa, the third at inner margin ; the patch near apex reddish brown, with no dark streak below it. Hind wing with band reddish yellow. Fig. 67. — Macroglossa befo, $. j. The form troglodytes is rather narrower winged. Larva black ; the head red ; a white subdorsal line ; the sides spotted and streaked with red and yellow. Hab. China and throughout India and Ceylon. Exp. 4G-60 millim. 185. MaCTOglossa belia, Hmpsn, HI. Hi-t. ix, ined., pi. 157, fig. 15. $ . Differs from lelis in the antemedial band of the fore win.uj being much broader; the postmedial band broader and more angulate below the costa; the third postmedial line absent. Hind wing with the marginal dark border broader and more even. Underside : abdomen paler ; wings with the transverse lines absent. Hab. Trincomali, Ceylon. Exp. 58 millim. 186. Macroglossa proxima, ButL P. Z. S. 1875, p. 4, pi. i, fig. 1 ; a # S. no. 20; J/oo/r, Lcp. ('>•>//. ii. pi. i»l, fijrs. 1, la, 1 b (larva and pupa). Macroglossa luteata, ButL P. Z. S. 1875, p. 241 ; C. $ S. no. 19. Macroglossa obscura (Up. Tenasserim), Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 162 (nee BiM.). Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous (in Malaccan and Tenas- serim specimens dark brown) ; abdomen without the lateral black marks on distal segments; the anal tufts ruddy at tips. Fore wing with all the lines obsolescent, the postmedial lines less bent ; the markings being reddish and ill-defined. Hind wing with the band pure yellow and narrower, so that the marginal dark border is broader. Underside as in belis. Larva dark violet-brown, with white dorsal specks ; a subdorsal yellow line on 2nd to 4th somites and 10th and llth somiirs; white subspiracular spots on 7th to llth somites; horn long and MACROGLOSSA. 115 tuberculate. In a later stage there are yellow and olive-brown transverse dorsal lines and yellow lateral spots, or the lateral spots may be pinkish dashed with yellow ; the horn short. ffab. Sylhet ; Cachar ; Kanara ; Ceylon ; Tenasserim ; Malacca. Exp. 50-60 millira. 187. Macroglossa semifasciata, n. sp. c? . Differs from proximo, in having prominent black lateral patches to the abdomen ; underside with paired ventral dark patches. Fore wing with the lower part of the interspace be- tween the antemedial lines filled in with black; the postmedial lines excurved. Hob. E. Pegu; Labuan. Exp. 62 millim. Type in B. M. 188. Macroglossa bengalensis, Boisd. Sphing. p. 341 ; C. $ S. no. 28. Macroglossa taxicolor, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 387 ; id. Lep. Ceyl ii. pi. 90, fig. 3 ; C. 8f S. no. 22. Macroglossa cbrythus (N". India), Boisd. Sphiny. p. 339 (nee Wlk.~). Differs from proxima in the lines of the fore wing being much better defined, two of them forming an antemedial and two others a postmedial band filled in with reddish brown ; the dark sub- apical streak well developed. Hind wing with the yellow band varying rather in width. Abdomen with a dark dorsal spot on the terminal segment. Larva green, with a yellow streak from the 9th segment to the horn ; or pale brown with black streaks above the yellow streak and stigmata, and others forming a broken subdorsal line. Hob. Nilgiris, 6000 feet ; Pondicherry ; Ceylon. Exp. 56 millim. 189. Macroglossa sitiene, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 92 ; C. fy S. no. 24. Macroglossa nig-rifasciata, Butl P. Z. S. 1875, p. 241, pi. 37, fig. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 34. Macroglossa orientalis, Butl. Trans. Z. S. ix, p. 528; C. # S. no. 27. Differs from bengalensis in the thorax being olive-brown. Fore wing without the reddish tinge; the antemedial band filled in with black, and recurved along inner margin ; the first two post- medial lines rather more angled below the costa ; the black sub- apical streak and spot on terminal segment of the abdomen strongly developed. Underside with three transverse lines on hind wing. The form sitiene has the yellow band on the hind wing rather narrower than in nic/rif a sciata = orientalis. ffab. Cachar; Moulmeiu ; Ceylon; Amboina ; Formosa. E:cp. 54-60 millim. 190. Macroglossa glaucoptera, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 241, pi. 36, fig. 9 ; C. Sf S. no. 35. c? . Differs from bengalensis in the whole base of the fore wing i2 116 SPHINGIDjE. being black-brown, with no grey band between the lines; the whole exterior area also very dark, so that the medial and post- medial grey bands are obscured, and the lines and subapical markings obliterated. Hind wing with the yellow band very narrow. Head dark grey; thorax and abdomen bright rufous, the latter with yellow and black lateral markings on the anterior segments ; the anal tuft black, with the tip rufous. 2 . Thorax and abdomen olivaceous : the fore wing not quite so dark as in the male ; hind wing with the band broader. Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 52 millim. 191. Macroglossa walkeri, Bull P. Z. S. 1875, p. 4. Macroglossa bombylans, Boisd. Sphing. p. 334 ; C. Sf S. no. 16. Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-green, the last with yellow lateral bands on anterior segments, the 4th also with a rufous band ; the terminal segments black with some rufous scales ; the penultimate segment fringed with white ; palpi and pectus white below; abdomen rufous, with white lateral tufts to 3rd and 4th segments. Fore wing red-brown, with a black antemedial band recurved along inner margin ; the first two postmedial lines pro- minent; the third and subapical markings obsolescent. Hind wing with a narrow yellow band, which is broken at the middle in the male. Underside dark red-brown, with the lines very faint ; the base of both wings white. Hob. Japan; China; Himalayas, and throughout N. India. E.vp., rf 44, $ 52 millim. 192. Macroglossa avicula, Boisd. Sphing. p. 334. Macroglossa obscuripennis, Butl. Trans. Z. S. ix, p. 633. Only differs from »/y///v/-/ in the fringe to penultimate segment of the abdomen and the lateral tufts on 3rd and 4th segments brim: yellow ; the hind wing with the yellow band quite obsolete. In walkeri and avicula the club of the antennae in the males is very thick. Hob. Java and ? Central India (ap. BoiscL). Exp. 44 millim. *193. Macroglossa lepcha, Butl. Trans. Z. S. ix, p. G35 ; C. $ S. no. 17. Differs from walkeri in the terminal segments of the abdomen being olive-green, not black. Fore wing with the two postmedial lines more distinct, with a dark mark on the outer one at inner margin ; the subapical marks more prominent, continued as a waved submarginal line to outer angle. Jfab. Calcutta. Exp. 56 millim. MACROGLOSSA. 117 194. Macroglossa insipida, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 242 ; C. fy S. no. 10 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 92, figs. 3 a, b (larva and pupa). Macroglossa catapyrrha, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 243, pi. 36, fig. 6 ; C. Sf S. no. 26. Head and thorax grey, with a rufous line on vertex ; tegulae rufous, fringed with grey ; abdomen grey, the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th segments with yellow lateral bands and paired dark spots on the vertex ; some darker marks on terminal segments ; anal tuft grey at base, black at tip ; palpi white below ; thorax pale brown ; abdo- men rufous, with white lateral tufts. Fore wing grey ; two in- distinct subbasal lines ; an antemedial curved dark band ; three postmedial double curved lines ; the subapical markings prominent and continued towards outer angle as a submarginal line. Hind wing with a yellow band constricted at middle. Underside rufous yellow ; both wings with an irregular dark margin ; hind wing with three transverse lines, of which there are traces on the fore wing. In typical insipida there is a pinkish suffusion to the body and fore wing. Both forms occur in Ceylon, but catapyrrha only in N. India. Larva pale red with purplish dots ; a pale subdorsal line with dark margins; dark lateral oblique stripes from 3rd to 10th somites ; horn black. Early stage dull brown. Hab. N.W. Provinces ; Sikhim ; Bhutan ; Ceylon. Exp. 40-48 millim. 195. Macroglossa gilia, Herr.-Schaffer, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. pp. 59, 79, pi. 23, fig, pi. 175, fig. 6 (larva). pp. 59, 79, pi. 23, fig. 107 ; C. $ S. no. 25 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, Differs from insipida in the head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing being grey without a rufous tinge ; tegulse grey, without the pale fringe. Fore wing with the antemedial band wide at inner margin and straighter. Larva bright green ; a pale dorsal stripe with brown line through it ; a pale subdorsal stripe, with red-brown edge above ; dorsal area speckled with brown ; spiracles black, with oblique brown stripes between them ; lateral area speckled with white ; horn black, with yellow tip ; legs pink. Hab. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Java ; China. Exp. 44-54 millim. 196. Macroglossa divergens, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 94 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 92, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 33. Head, thorax, and first two segments of abdomen rufous ; tegulae fringed with grey ; 3rd and 4th segments of abdomen with lateral yellow bands and paired black dorsal spots ; a black dorsal spot on terminal segment ; underside reddish. Fore wing greyish brown ; the autemedian band wide and recurved along inner margin ; two 118 SPHINGID.E. curved postmedial diffused bands, which are daik with red-brown on their inner sides ; the subapical markings indistinct. Hind wing and underside as in sitiene. Hub. Ceylon. Exp. 54 millim. 197. Macroglossa imperator, Butl P. Z. S. 1875, p. 243, pi. 37, fig. 4 ; C. Sf is. no. 31. Differs from diver yens in the dark stripe on vertex of head and thorax being much broader and more prominent ; tegulac rufous, but without the pale fringe. Fore wing with the antemedial band much broader, especially at inner margin ; the postmedial band black, much broader, and angled at vein 6, where it is joined to the subapical markings ; the submarginal line obsolescent. Hind wing with the yellow band broader and hardly constricted at middle. Underside with the lines on hind wing rather more pro- minent. Jfab. Sikhim ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 74 millim. 198. Macroglossa rectifascia, 7-VA/. 7,v, pi. 34, tig. 1 ; C.$ S. no. 1209. cJ. Head and collar dark brown; thorax and abdomen paler brown. Fore wing pale red-brown, the whole wing suffused with dark brown except the inner area, a submarginal band, and some postmedial streaks below the costa and in and beyond end of cell, Fig. 78. — Rackia plu-noita, . 1 ; c. $ S. no. 1510. Phalera bobi, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 302, pi. 21, fig. 6; C. $ S. no. 1515. Differs from sanf/ana in the fore wing having a large dark patch on the inner margin near base ; the apical patch large, rounded on its inner side and terminating at vein 4. In the form bobi, from Bombay and Burma, the hind win^ is fuscous, with traces of a pale medial line; in procera, from Sikhim, it is much paler. Hub. Sikhim; Sylhet; Nagas ; Bombay; Burma. Exp., rf 81, $ 84 millim. 221. Phalera raya, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 433; Butl. 111. IL-t. vi, pi. 103, fig. 1 ; C.SfS. no. 1520. Phalera grotei, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 434 ; C. $ S. no. 1517. Phalera cossoides, II Ik. Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 3, i, p. 80; C. $ S. no. 1516. Acrosema amboinae, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 96, fig. 2 ; C. Sf S. no. 1513. Differs from procera in the frons being buff; the fore wins heavily suffused with silvery grey on basal and inner areas ; the apical patch paler. Larva bluish white, with a paired subdorsal series of setiferous warts ; lateral area yellow, with a red band ; prolegs black, red at extremities; head reddish ; stigmata black ; pairs of anterior and posterior setiferous processes, which disappear in the final stage, v/hen the ground-colour becomes white instead of blue and yellow . Hab. Sikhim; Nagas; Calcutta; Simla; Bombay: Nilgiris. Rrp., rf 76, $ 82 millim. GAEGETTA. 135 Genus GARGETTA. Gargetta, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 455 (1864). Thacona, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 169 (1864). Porsica, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1823 (1366). Type, G. costigera, Wlk. Range. Himalayas ; Sylhet : Burma. Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head, the first two joints hairy, the third short and naked. Pore wing long and narrow, with a tuft of long hair in the male from below vein 1, near the base ; vein 5 from the middle of discocellulars ; vein 9 anasto- mosing with 8 to near apex ; the areole short, with vein 10 given off from it. Hind wing with the costa arched at centre ; vein 5 from centre of discocellulars ; 6 and 7 stalked, 8 nearly touching 7 at middle of cell. SECT. I. (Gargetta). Male with branches of antennae of moderate length and reaching apex. 222. Gargetta costigera, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 455; Butl. III. Het. vi, pi. 103, fig. 6 ; C. $ S. no. 4821. Dull brown ; the head darker. Fore wing with the apex and inner areas slightly suffused with grey ; some short dark waved Fig. 80. — Gargetta costigera, J. \- lines from the costa ; a black longitudinal streak at end of cell ; an indistinct waved submargiual line with grey points on it; a series of marginal white, specks. Hab. Mandi, N.W. Himalayas; Sikhim; Moulmein. Exp., cJ 46, $ 54 millim. 223. Gargetta nagaensis, n. sp. . \. yellow patches below and beyond the cell ; brown streaks along median nervure and on discocellulars ; a highly dentate brown line from apex to lower angle of cell ; brown streaks on each side of the veins on outer margin ; a waved marginal black line. Hind wing pale yellow. Hob. Almora ; Madras. Eocp. 44-56 millim. Genus ANTIC YEA. Anticyra, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1091 (1855). Dinara, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1699 (1855). Type, A. combusla, Wlk. Range. Philippines ; N.W. Himalayas ; Karachi ; Poona ; Java. Palpi slight and porrect. Antennae fasciculate. Fore wing broad, the apex rather acute ; vein 6 given off beyond the end of ANTIC YEA.— ANTHEUA. 145 cell ; 9 anastomosing with 8 to form the areole, which is long. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 running close along 7 to near the end of the cell. 251. Anticyra combusta, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1092; Moore, Lev.E. I. Co. pi. 13 a, fig. 5, and pi. 23, figs. 3, 3 a (larva) j C. $ S. no. 1135. Dinara lineolata, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1700. Head and collar buff; thorax brown with the patagia grey; abdomen orange above with a series of black lateral spots; the Fig. 87. — Anticyra combusta, tf . \. penultimate segment fuscous, the terminal ochreous. Fore wing pale vellow ; the inner half irrorated with a few black scales and suffused with brown, especially between veins 2 and 4: brown streaks below the costa, in the cell, and between the nervules of the yellow area towards outer margin; a waved marginal brown line. Hind wing fuscous. Larva. Blue-green, with a few long hairs : head black. Hab. Philippines ; N.W. Himalayas ; Karachi ; Poona ; Java. ., 3 52-60, $ 54-72 millim. Genus ANTHEUA. Antheua, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 766 (1855). Type, A. varia, Wlk., from Natal. Range. S. Africa ; throughout India and Ceylon ; Java. Palpi slight and porrect. Antenna pectinate to apex, the branches short. Fore wing broad, the apex rather acute ; vein 6 from angle of cell ; 9 and 10 anastomosing with 8 to form the areole. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked; 8 running close along 7 to near the end of cell. o 252. Antheua servula, Drury, Ins. Exot. ii, p. 20, pi. xi, fig-. 4 ; C. SfS. no. 1497. Antheua discalis, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 767 ; Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. pi. 13 a, fig. 4, and pi. 23, tigs. 2, 2 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 1136. TOL. I. L 146 XOTODOXTID^E. Antheua exanthemata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. Ill, pi. 119, fig. 2 ; C. 8f S. no. 1137. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous yellow suffused with rufous. Fore wing fulvous yellow, irrorated with a few rufous scales, a brown patch below the end of cell; costa and inner margin narrowly rufous; outer margin broadly rufous. The hind \vinij may be any shade of colour between ochreous white and dark brownish fuscous, the latter being the form exanthemata. Larva. Brown with a yellow lateral line and paired subdorsal and sublateral red spots ; the stigmata white ; the head streaked with black. Halt. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java. Exp. 46-50 millim. Genus ZARANGA. Zaranga, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 357. Type, Z. pannosa, Moore. liange. N.W. Himalayas. Palpi short and porrect. Antennae bipectinated to near apex, the branches short. Fore wing with the outer margin highly irregular; vein 6 from angle of cell; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with the outer margin waved, and excised towards anal angle ; vein 5 from middle of discocellulars ; 6 and 7 stalked ; a bar connecting 7 and 8. 253. Zaranga pannosa, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 357 ; C. $ S. no. lL'17. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen brown ; metathorax fringed with yellow ; antenna tipped with white ; tarsi banded with white. Fore wing dark brown, a white speck at base; a large pale red-brown patch on inner margin, nearly joined by a similar patch occupying all the apical area except the costa and apex ; an indistinct antemedial waved line ; black lines on each side of discocellulars ; an indistinct waved postmedial line, white at costa ZABANG A. FENTONIA . 147 Fig. 89. — Zaranga pannosa, $ . \. and towards inner margin. Hind wing fuscous ; the disk whitish two pale streaks above anal angle. Hob. Simla. Exp. 74 millim. G-enus PENTONIA. Fentonia, Butl Trans. Ent. Sac. 1881, p. 20. Type, F. ocypete, Brem. Range. Japan ; Amur ; N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Canara. Palpi upturned and short, the first two joints fringed with hair, the third short and naked. Abdomen long. Fore wing rather long; veins 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, or 10 from cell; 7 given off nearer the apex than 10; no areole. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 running close along 7 to near the end of cell. SECT. I. Hind wing with the stalk of veins 6 and 7 short, a. Antennae of male ivitli branches short and reaching the apex. 254. Fentonia argentifera, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 813 ; C. # S. no. 1167. Head and thorax grey, marked with brown; abdomen yellow Fig. 90. — Fentonia argentifera, $. \. with the tip grey. Tore wing silvery grey ; two pairs of subbasal L2 148 NOTODONTID.E. waved brown or rufous lines ; medial and postmedial waved lines ; a double submarginal lunulate line ; a highly waved marginal line. Hind wing yellow at base and inner area ; the outer area brownish fuscous ; the cilia whitish. Hob. Sikhim, 7000 to 10,000 feet, Evp., 3 60, $ 62 millim. 255. Pentonia brunnea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 60; C, $ S. no. lir,«.». Heterocampa basalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 61 ; C. 8f S. no. 1168. cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown, the thorax brighter. Fore wing with the base pale ; a subbasal fuscous band with \va\vd edges; medial area pale red-brown; an indistinct much waved postmedial line ; outer area fuscous and red-brown ; a pale oblique streak from the apex and submarginal series of black specks. Hind wing reddish brown. The form basalis has the ground-colour of fore wing greyish. Hdb. Sikhim. Exp. 48 millim. *256. Fentonia obliquiplaga, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 61 ; C. 8f S. no. 1 1 7-2. <3 . Head and thorax blackish; abdomen yellowish brown, the extremity blackish. Fore wing pale vinous brown; an oblique subbasal black band with dentate edges ; abroad marginal blackish band with waved inner edge and series of submarginal black specks on it. Hind wing pale brown, the inner area yellowish. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 60 millim. 257. Pentonia apicalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 68, pi. iii, fig. 12; C. $ S. no. !•">-!•"). Head and thorax greyish black-brown ; antenna) fulvous. Fore wing pale chestnut-brown, suffused with darker brown near the base; numerous black spots between the veins ; a pale band from the costa before the apex narrowing to outer margin above the angle ; the outer area suffused with fuscous. Hind wing fuscous brown. Hal. Sikhim. Exp. 48 millim. b. Antenna? of male with terminal one-third serrate. 258. Fentonia OCypete, firrm. Bull Acad. Pctersb. iii. p. 481 (1861). Fentouia Isevis, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 20. d1 . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale grey. Fore wing grey ; a black streak on base of median nervure ; double antemedial dentate dark lines ; double postmedial lines excurved round end of cell and angled inwards below the cell; an indistinct dentate sub- marginal line ; a dark marginal line. Hind wing pale grey ; a slight brown patch at anal angle ; a marginal brown line and a line through the cilia. Nab. Japan ; Amur ; Simla. Exp. 48 millim. FENTONIA. — STAUBOPUS. 149 SECT. II. Hind wing with the stalk of veins 6 and 7 very long ; antennae of male with the branches longer. 259. Fentonia tenebrosa, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1725 ; C. 8f S. no. 1089. Phineca canities, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 407. c? • Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown. Fore wing grey, suffused with fuscous scales ; two curved antemedial black lines with a few silvery scales on them, the upper part of the space between them filled in with fuscous ; traces of a postmedial curved line ; a series of submarginal black streaks on the veins. Hind wing fuscous. Hob. N. Cauara. Exp. 28-30 millim. Genus STAUROPUS. Stauropus, Germar, Prod. p. 45 (1811). Netria, Wlk. Cat. vi, p. 1504 (1855). Type, S.fagi, Linn., from Europe. Range. Europe ; Japan ; throughout India and Ceylon ; Anda- inaiis ; Java. Palpi short and slight, or rarely longer and upturned. Fore wing broad, the subcostal vein hairy on underside ; vein 6 from angle of cell ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked ; no areole. Hind wing with veins (5 and 7 stalked ; 8 running close along 7 to near end of cell. SECT. I. Male with antennas fasciculate ; female simple. 260. Stauropus maculatus, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 60 ; Waterh. Aid, ii, pi. 13:3, fig. 6 j C. $S. no. 1171. Head, collar, and patagia grey ; thorax brown. Fore wing grey, the medial and apical areas suffused with reddish brown ; one sub- basal and seven medial waved dark lines, the middle lines red- brown and ill denned on the disc ; a submarginal series of dark spots ; cilia chequered grey and brown. Abdomen and hind wing pale with a reddish tinge, the former grey at extremity. Hob. Sikhim ; Nagas. Exp., $ 44, $ 53 millim. SECT. II. (Stauropus). Male with antenna pectinated, female ciliated. 261. Stauropus alternus, Wlk. Cat, v, p. 1020 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl ii, pi. 119, figs. 1, la, b (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 1129. Stauropus indicus, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 404; C. $ S. no. 1131. Stauropus albescens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 404 ; C.SfS. no. 1128. cJ. Head and thorax brownish grey; abdomen grey-brown, with the dorsal tufts on first six segments darker. Fore wing 150 NOTODONTIDvE. brownish grey, with indistinct ante- and postmedial pale waved lines ; a submarginal series of rust-red spots with pale lunules inside them. Hind wing whitish, with the costal and inner areas Fig. 91. — Stauropus alternus, $ . j. brown ; both wings with a marginal series of pale and red-brown lunules. Underside brown. $ with the hind wing uniform brown. The form albescens, from Bombay and Ganjam, is more uniform pale grey ; the hind wing hardly suffused with brown. Larva dark red-brown ; a pale dorsal line ; grey subdorsal streaks on 5th and 6th somites ; paired dorsal promim mvs on 6th to 8th somites ; the terminal somite swollen and carried over Hie back, with two angular processes from the extremity ; the anal prolegs absent ; 2nd and 3rd pairs of legs long. Hob. Sylhet ; Bombay ; Ganjam ; Canara ; Ceylon ; Rangoon ; Java. Exp., rf 44, $ 62 milliin. 262. Stauropus sikkimensis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 811, pi. 43, fii (7<> millim.), from China and Bengal, has the abdomen almost wholly black, the black ring-mark of fore winij sometimes filled in with black ; IcHmlii'id* from Ceylon (GO milliin.), is again rather darker, the hind wing beinij blacker. lldl>. China; ISikhim ; Assam; Bombay; Madras; Cevlon. h\q>., 3 46-70, $ 62-90 millim. 277. Cerura prasana, M<><>rc, 1\ Z. s. 1865, p. 812; a $ S. no. l IL'.">. cJ . Differs from liturata in the head, thorax, and abdomen being white, with hardly a trace of black markings ; the terminal seg- ments of abdomen black with a white anal tuft. Tore wing wiih pale centres to the ante- and post medial bands, the latter inter- rupted at middle ; some black strigrc from costa, and minute specks near base ; the dentate lines absent. Hab. N.E. Bengal. /•>/>. 40 millim. Genus DAMATA. Damata, 7J7A-. Cat. v, p. 1044 (1855).; Type, D. lonc/ipennis, Wlk. Jiaiu/e. Sikhim ; JSTaga Hills ; Cambodia. Palpi porrect and hairy. Antennae with the branches very long and ceasing abruptly one-fourth from apex. Fore wing long and narrow ; vein 5 from just below the angle of cell ; 6 and 10 from end of areole, which is formed by 9 anastomosing with 7 and 8. Hind wing with vein 5 from near upper angle of cell ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 running close along 7 to towards the end of cell. DAMATA. — DICRAtfURA. 157 278. Damata longipennis, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1044 ; Butl. Ill Het. \i pi. 106, fig. 10 ; C. $ S. no. 1179. d1 . Antennae black ; head and thorax dark chocolate ; patagia white fringed with red; abdomen brown, with slight white lateral tufts. Wings white. Fore wing irrorated with black scales; Fig. 95. — Damata longipennis, $ . \. large triangular chocolate marks on costa and inner margin before and after the middle; a series of small marginal spots; cilia copper- coloured. Hind wing with a short brown line from the inner margin above the anal angle and patch at angle ; the margin narrowly brown ; cilia chequered copper and white. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 70 niillim. 279. Damata microsticta, n. sp. cJ . Differs from lonyipennis in the thorax and patagia being grey. Tore wing more thickly irrorated with fuscous, so that it appears grey ; the triangular marks much smaller and black ; the spot towards outer angle absent ; series of small black spots on the nervules beyond the cell, in interno-median interspace, and on vein 1 ; no marginal spots. Hind wing with a slight fuscous patch and streak at anal angle. Cilia of both wings chequered fuscous and white. Hab. Naga Hills, 6000 feet (Doherty); Cambodia. Exp. 56 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus DICRANURA. Dicranura, Boisd, 2nd. Meth. p. 54 (1829). Type, D. vinula, Linn., from Europe. Range. Europe ; Japan ; China ; N.W. Himalayas. Palpi slight and porrect ; antennae with the branches long and slender and reaching the apex. Abdomen and legs hairy. Fore wing broad ; vein 5 from just below upper angle of cell; 6 from end of areole, which is formed by 9 and 10 anastomosing with 7 158 NOTODONTID^E. and 8. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 running close along 7 to towards the end of cell. 280. Dicranura himalayana, Moore, P.Z.8. 1888, p. 400; Butl. III. Het. vii, pi. 125, fig. 3 ; C. # S. no. 1124. Head, thorax, and abdomen covered with long brownish-grey hair ; thorax with traces of black spots ; abdomen with smoky black bands and longitudinal streaks on the terminal segments. Fig. 96. — Dicranura himalayana, <$ . \. Fore wing grey with a basal whitish patch ; a black speck at base : a series of subbasal black spots; two highly dentate p(»tm»idial indistinct fuscous lines ; a series of marginal spots. Hind wing paler fuscous grey, with a series of marginal spots. One female has two prominent black streaks on the thorax: fore wing with prominent double black antemedial lines, and all the markings stronger. Closely allied to the European crtnintit, Esp. Hub. Dharmsala. Ea*p., rf 60, $ 80 millim. Genus METASCHALIS, nov. Type, M. disnpta, Moore. Range. Sikhim. Palpi porrect, stout and thickly scaled. Antennae bipectinate almost to tips in male, the branches short, the basal joint tufted. Fore wing rather long and narrow : vein 5 from just above centre of discocellulars ; 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with veins 8 and 4 stalked, 5 from the centre of the discocellulars ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 running close along 7 at middle of cell. 281. Metaschalis disrupta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 62 ; C. $ S. no. 1155. cJ . Palpi, antenna?, thorax, and abdomen red-brown ; vertex of head and coxaa of fore legs creamy white ; tarsi banded with white. Fore wing dark brown ; the costa and area above vein 1 suffused with red-brown ; a white spot followed by an orange spot in end METASCHALIS. — CHADISRA. 159 of cell ; a black spot on discocellulars from which a golden-yellow streak proceeds to a large creamy white patch on outer margin below the apex. Hind wing pale fuscous. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 50 millim. Fig. 97. — Metaschalis disrupta, $ . Genus CHADISRA. Chadisra, Wlk. Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 3, i, 1862, p. 81. Type. C. bipars, Wlk. Range. Ceylon ; Borneo. Palpi upturned in male, reaching vertex of head, the first two joints fringed with hair, the third short; slight and porrect in female. Antennae fasciculate in male, ciliate in female. Fore wing rather narrow, the apex rounded ; vein 6 given off beyond the angle of cell ; 9 anastomosing with 8 to form the areole, which is long. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 running close along 7 to towards the end of the cell. 282. Chadisra bipars, Wlk. Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 3, i, 1862, p. 82 ; C. $ S. no. 1138. Pheosia basalis, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 113, pi. 121, figs. 1, 1 a (larva and pupa) ; C. $ S. no. 1206. ^ . Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown. Fore wing with the basal area red-brown with fine pale streaks ; a black medial Fig. 98. — Chadisra bipars, tf . \. line bent inwards at vein 2 ; two \vaved postmedial lines, with brown patches between them at costa and inner margin, and with black dentate marks on them ; a submarginal series of specks. Hind wing pale fuscous, the margin darker ; a pale streak at anal angle ; cilia whitish towards apex. 160 NOTODOXTID^. $ . Head, thorax, and base of fore wing ochreous white ; tlie markings of the fore wing more distinct. Larva greenish white above, green below ; pale green oblique lateral lines ; a grey-bordered yellow dorsal line with a red tubercle on 1 1th somite ; head black-lined ; legs green. Hal. Ceylon. Exp., <$ 38, $ 44 niilliin. Genus PHEOSIA. Pheosia, Hiibn. Verz. p. 145 (1816). Hoplitis, Hiibn. Verz. p. 147 (181C). Hupodonta, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xx, p. 475 (1877). Type, P. dictcea, Linn., from Europe. Range. Europe ; Japan ; and throughout India. Palpi slight and porrect. Eore wing rather long and narrow ; vein 5 given off just below the angle of the cell : 6, 7, 8, i), lo stalked, or 10 from cell ; no areole. Hind wing with veins (j and 7 stalked ; 8 running close along 7 before the end of the cell. SECT. I. Antennre of male with short stiff branches ; the terminal one-fourth filiform. 283. Pheosia fasciata, Moore, P.Z.S. 1888, p. 401; Butl. III. IL>t. vii, pi. 125, figs. 9, 10; C. $ S. no. 1207 A. Head and thorax grey, with a few red-brown hairs ; abdomen grey. Eore wing whitish ochreous, suffused in parts with pak- Fig. 99.— Pheosia fasciata, tf. }. brown ; some red-brown striga3 and streaks on and below the costa : a series of short streaks on the nervules towards outer margin ; inner margin red-brown ; cilia chequered pale and red- brown. Hind wing ochreous white; the outer margin slightly clouded with brown, especially at anal angle. Larva pale green ; head streaked with dark red, a series of dorsal quadrate red marks largest from 7th to anal somite ; the 4th to anal somites in some specimens wholly striated with red-brown ; a long dorsal process on 4th somite. Hob. Dharmsala, Sikhiin. Exp., <$ 42, £ 50 niilliin. THEOSIA. 161 284. Pheosia pulcherrima, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 814, pi. 43, fio-'. 4 : C. 8f & no. 1160. Hupodonta corticalis, Butl A. M. N. H. (4) xx, 1877, p. 475. Head and collar red-brown ; thorax and abdomen reddish ochreous. Fore wing pale brown, suffused in parts with red- brown and fuscous, the inner area ochreous except at outer angle ; a large medial patch of fuscous suffusion from costa to vein 2 ; three indistinct dentate postmedial curved lines ; a red-brown line, followed by an ochreous line, and a dark grey band with a black line on it on outer margin. Hind wing fuscous; an ochreous patch with dark and red-brown lines on it at anal angle. Under- side fuscous ; hind wing with a postmedial curved line. Hab. Japan ; Sikhim. Exp., 3 56, $ 64 millim. 285. Pheosia excurvata, n. sp. . ] . medial curved lines ; an oblique line from the apex to the lobe on inner margin; the tuft of scales dark. Hind wing fuscous brown. Hab. Nepal. E.rp. 46 millim. Genus SPATALIA. Spatalia, Hubn. Verz. p. 145 (1816). Rosarna, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1066 (1855). Caschara, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 133 (1862). Allata, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 140 (1802). Celeia, Wlk. ^at. xxxii, p. 463(1864). Type, S. argentina, Schiff., from Europe. Range. Europe; Japan; China; Himalayas; Canara; Nilgiris ; Borneo ; Java. SPATALIA. 169 Palpi porrect and hairy; abdomen with lateral tufts of hair and two large terminal tufts. Fore wing with the inner margin more or less lobed and excised ; a large tuft of scales on the lobe, and a tuft at outer angle ; vein 6 from the angle of cell ; 9 and 10 anastomosing with 8 to form the areole. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 on a short stalk ; 8 running close along 7 to towards the end of cell. SECT. I (Spat alia). Antennae of male with the branches short and stiff. 307. Spatalia argentifera, Wlk. J&urn. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 140. Celeia plusiata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 463 ; C. fy S. no. 1156. Celeia sikkima, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 63 ; C. Sf S. no. 1157. 3 . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale and dark brown. Fore wing pale brown, with some dark and red-brown suffusion below Fig. 105. — Spatalia argentifera, $ . \. the median nervure near the base ; a silver streak along the median nervure from below the middle of the cell to lower angle, with a spot beyond it, and sending spurs outwards along veins 2 and 3, which may be separated into spots ; some dark brown suffusion at apex and middle of outer margin ; an ill-defined dark or red-brown submarginal line. Hind wing fuscous. Some specimens have the head, thorax, and fore wing very much darker. In the form argentifer a = plusiata from Canara and Borneo the silver streak is broad ; sikkima is darker, with the streak narrow. Hab. Sikhim ; Canara ; Bangalore ; Borneo. Exp. 50-54 millim. 308. Spatalia gemmifera, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 62, pi. iii, fig. 14; C. $ S. no. 1203. c? . Head and thorax chestnut-brown ; abdomen pale sienna- brown ; a small silvery white spot below the base of the cell and a large triangular spot at origin of vein 2 ; a dark brown streak from the lower angle of cell to outer margin below apex ; some black dots near apex ; a submarginal series of pale spots ; the tuft on inner margin black. Hind wing pale sienna-brown. Hab. Sikhim. ^Exp. 50 millim. 170 NOTODOXTID.I;. 309. Spatalia COStalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 69 ; C. $ S. no. 1207. Dull brown ; thorax with a buff-white tuft on vertex. Fore wing with the costal area white, slightly suffused and the veins streaked with pale red-brown ; a trih'd white mark on disco- cellulars ; median nervure and origin of veins 2 and 3 streaked with white ; very indistinct double postmedial and submargiual waved dark lines. Hind wing pale fuscous. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. $ 54 millini. 310. Spatalia argentata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 67; Waterh. Aid, ii, pi. 132, fig. 4; C. $ S. no. 1161. cf . Head and thorax dark red-brown, the patagia grey ; abdomen paler red-brown. Fore wing silvery grey, slightly suffused with red-brown, especially towards outer angle; sonu- dark stii^i- on the costa and a blotch before the apex ; indistinct double subbasal, medial and postmedial waved dark lines ; reniform outlined in black; a submarginal series of dark specks. Hind wing pale fuscous grey. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 40 millim. 311. Spatalia albifasciata, n. sp. J. Head and thorax brown; collar white. Fore wing with a broad white fascia on the costal area occupying nearly half the wing; the inner half brown, with a large oval ferruginous subbasal patch ; an indistinct pale postmedial line ; a reddish patch beyond lower angle of cell ; an indistinct waved dark submarginal line. Abdomen and hind wing pale fuscous. Hob. Nilgiris (Lindsay}. Exp. 50 millim. Type in coll. Moore. SECT. II. (Rosama). Male with branches of antenna) long. 312. Spatalia auritractata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 811; C. # 8. no. 1154. c? differs from aryentifera in having the metallic streak along the median nervure of fore wing narrow and golden, the lobe on inner margin shorter. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 52 millim. 313. Spatalia plusioides, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 62 ; C. # S. no. 1202. <3 . Head and thorax ochreous, the collar purplish ; wings shorter and more rounded than in the preceding species. Fore wing yellow, with waved rufous stria3 ; the costal and outer areas purplish, leaving ochreous spots beyond the middle of the costa and on centre of outer margin ; a silvery triangular spot below the end of the cell ; a waved submarginal dark line. Abdomen and hind wing fuscous. £ . The patagia also purplish brown ; fore wing with the silver SPATALIA. — CLEAPA. 171 spot absent ; the costal area paler ; the purplish suffusion confined to the apex ; a prominent series of marginal white points ; abdo- men and hind wing dark fuscous. A specimen from Sikhim has the basal part of costa of fore wing and outer area suffused with silvery grey ; another from the Naga Hills has the ground-colour chocolate. Hob. Kangra ; Sikhim ; Nagas. Exp. 36-40 millim. Genus BESAIA. Besaia, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 458 (1864). Type, B. rubiyinea, "Wlk. Range. Sikhim ; Khasi Hills. Palpi upturned, the first two joints heavily fringed with hair. Antenna of male fasciculate. Tore wing with fringes of hair at lobe on inner margin and outer angle ; vein 6 from angle of cell ; 9 and 10 anastomosing with 8 to form the areole. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked, 8 running close along 7 to beyond middle of cell. Abdomen long, slender, and with an anal tuft. 314. Besaia rubiginea, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 459 ; Bull. III. Set. vi, pi. 104, fig. 10 ; C.$ S. no. 1142. J . Olive-grey. Fore wing with a rust-red subbasal line; a double antemedial highly-waved line, with a streak running outwards Fig. 106. — Besaia rubiginea, <$ . \. from it along vein 2 and one towards base along inner margin ; a double postmedial line, its outer portion diffused, with a series of pale specks on it, and sending projections outwards towards the apex and between veins 3 and 4 ; a series of marginal dark specks. Hind wing fuscous. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 58 millim. Genus CLEAPA. Cleapa, Wlk. Cat. v,p. 1036 (1855). Type, C. latifascia, Wlk. liatige. Burma. 172 NOTODONTTD.E. Palpi porrect and slightly scaled. Antennae with the branches rather short and reaching the apex. Fore wing short and broad ; v.o Fig. 107.— Cleapa latifascia, $. j. vein 6 from angle of cell, 9 and 10 anastomosing with 8 to. form a long areole. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 running close along 7 to towards the end of the cell. 315. Cleapa latifascia, Wlk. Cat.\,p. 1037; C. <$• S. no. 1176. 2 . Head and thorax dark brown. Fore wing dark brown, with some pale red-brown on inner basal and outer areas ; two dark streaks in the cell ; a double antemedial indistinct waved line ; a similar but curved postmedial line, with a black spot beyond it on inner margin ; traces of a pale waved submargiual line. Abdomen and hind wing fuscous. Hab. Moulmein; Eangoon. Kvp. 42 millim. Genus ICHTHYURA. Ichthyura, Hiibn. Verz. p. 102 (1816). Gaugamela, Wlk. Jonrn. Linn. #oe. vi, p. 138 (18(52). Uxela, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1 S. no. 1194. $ . Pale red-brown. Head and vertex of thorax dark brown. Fore wing with slightly curved subbasal and straight ante- and postmedial lines, with a short oblique line between them above inner margin ; two dark marks at end of cell ; two indistinct series of submarginal spots. Hab. N.E. Bengal. Exp. 40 millim. Genus CYPHANTA. Cyphanta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 855 (1865). Type, C. xanihoclora, AVlk. Range. Sikhim. Palpi upturned reaching above vertex of head, the first two joints fringed with hair, the third naked. Antenna? simple. Legs hairy ; CYPHANTA. 175 mid tibiae with one pair of spurs, hind tibiae with two pairs. Fore wing with a tuft of scales at centre of inner margin ; the apex produced and acute ; veins 4 and 5 from angle of cell, 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from angle of cell ; 5 from centre of discocellulars ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 running close along 7 to middle of cell. 322. Cyphanta xanthochlora, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 856 ; Butl. Ill Het. vi, pi. 107, fig. 3 ; C. fy S. no. 1229. Head pale brown ; palpi orange ; collar bright green ; thorax chocolate- brown. Abdomen orange. Fore wing bright green ; an Fig. 109. — Cyphanta xanthochlora, $ . \, oblique band composed of a purplish ground with three red-brown lines on it from the costa near apex to inner margin at middle, then bent inwards to the base above inner margin ; a brown speck on median nervure, one at end of cell, and a submarginal series. Hind wing orange, some specimens with submarginal fuscous streaks on the veins. Underside orange ; both wings with fuscous cell-spots and postmedial lines. Bab. Sikhim. Exp., 3 70, $ 76 millim. 323. Cyphanta chortochlora, n. sp. c? . Head and palpi dark brown above, pale below ; prothorax grass-green, meso- and metathorax dark brown ; abdomen ochreous suffused with fuscous. Tore wing grass-green ; a brown mark enclosing a green spot on inner basal area ; a black speck at end of cell ; some small obliquely placed postmedial pale spots edged with brown. Hind wing ochreous, the outer area suffused with fuscous. Underside ochreous, each wing with a cell-spot and dark postmedial line, which is obsolescent on fore wing, curved on hind wing. Hob. " Himalayas." Evp. 56 millim. Type in coll. Moore. 176 NOTODOXTID^E. Species formerly recorded as Indian which are omitted. Arunda opponens, Wlk., C. & S. no. 1116. Type lost, descrip- tion unrecognizable. Sybrida inordinata, Wlk., C. & S. no. 1114, is a Pyrale. Paravetta discinota, Moore, C. & S. no. 1158, is a Pyrale. Paravetta sikkima, Moore, C. ifn*ciat(i, Hmpsn. 111. Het. viii, p. 61, is a Noctua. Calpe orthograpta, Butl., C. & S. no. 1222, is a Noctua. Gadera incitans, Wlk., C. & S. no. 1223, is a Noctua. Orcpsia argyrosigna, Moore, C. & S. no. lli'-M. is :i Noctua. Orcesia emarginata, Fabr., C. & S. no. 1225, is a Noctua. Orcesia provocans, Wlk., C. & S. no. 1226, is a Noctua. Orcesia rectistria, Guen., C. & S. no. 1227, is a Noctua. Orcesia vagabunda, Svvinh., C. & S. no. 1228, is a Noctua. Arsacia frontirufa, Svvinh., C. & S. no. 1230, is a Noctua. Arsacia'saturalis, Wlk., C. & S. no. 1231, is a Noctua. Callcenia elongata, Butl., C. & S. no. 1528, is a Noctua. Callania pullctta, Moore, C. & S. no. 1529, is a Noctua. Notodonta ejecta, Wlk., C. & S. no. 1191. Type lost, description unrecognizable. Elydna transversa, Wlk., C. & S. no. 112?, is a Noctua. HypercescTira annulata, Svvinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 189, is a Noctua. Sphetta moorei, Swinh., C. & S. no. 1141, is a Noctua. Sphetta biocellata, Moore, C. & S. no. 1140, is a Noctua. Sphetta apicalis, Wlk., C. & S. no. 1139, is a Noctua. Danaka pyraliformis, Moore, C. & S. no. 1210, is a Pyrale. Culasta indecisa, Moore, C. & S. no. 1232, is a Noctua. Oxicesta marmorea, Moore, C. & S. no. 1214, is a Noctua. Gluphisia sinuata, Moore, C. & S. no. 1178, is a Noctua. CYMATOPHORID^E. 177 Ptilophora kashghara, Moore, C. & S. no. 1200, is from Tur- kestan. Moma champa, Moore, C. & S. no. 1213, is a Noctua. Family CYMATOPHORUXE. A family of moths resembling the Noctuidce in appearance. Proboscis present. Antennae usually rather thickened and flattened. Mid tibia with one pair of spurs, hind tibia with two pairs. Fore wing with vein 1 a short and slight, not forming a fork with 1 b ; 1 c absent ; 5 from the centre of the discocellulars ; veins 7 and 8 stalked, and 9 and 10 stalked and almost or quite anastomosing with 7 and 8 to form an areole. Hind wing with two internal Fig. 110.— Larva of Thyatira batis. \. (From Buckler, Larvae Brit. Butt. Moths, pi. liv, fig. 2.) veins ; vein 5 from the centre of discocellulars, or generally from below the centre ; veins 6 and 7 given off not far from the base ; 8 bent down and quite or almost touching 7 after the bifurcation. Larva : Noctuaeform, with five pairs of prolegs*. Key to the Genera. a. Fore wing with a tuft of scales at outer angle. 1. HABROSYNE,p.l78. b. Fore wing with no tuft of scales at outer angle. a'. Fore wing with vein 6 from angle of cell. a2. Fore wing short and broad 2. THYATIRA, p. 180. 62. Fore wing long, narrow, and arched . . 6. TOXOIDES, p. 185. b'. Fore wing with vein 6 from above angle of cell. a2. Fore wing with apex rounded; hind wing with outer margin rounded .... 3. GAURENA, p. 181. 62. Fore wing with apex acute ; hind wing with outer margin slightly angled. a3. Antennae thickened and flattened in both sexes 4. PoLYPLOCA,p.l82. 63. Antennae filiform and ciliated in both [p. 185. sexes 5. NEMACEROTA, * After the Cymatophoridce would follow the Noctuidce, if the Heterocera, could be arranged in a linear series. YOL. I. N 178 CYMATOPHOBIDjE. Genus HABROSYNE. Habrosyne, Hiibn. Verz. p. 236 (1816). Type, H. derasa, Linn. Range. N. America ; Europe ; Japan ; Himalayas. Palpi porrect, the first two joints heavily scaled, the third short and naked. Antennae with the joints rather broad and flattened ; collar and patagia thickly fringed with hair ; terminal segments of abdomen with thick lateral tufts of hair. Fore wing with a tuft of scales at outer angle ; vein 6 from angle of cell ; 7 and 8 stalked; 9 and 10 stalked, and almost anastomosing with 7 and 8 to form a short areole. Hind wing with vein 5 from near lower angle of cell. 324. Habrosyne derasa, Linn. Syst. Nak. i, p. 851 ; Buckler, Larva Brit. Butt. Moths, pi. 54, fig. 1 (larva). Habrosyne fraterna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 406 ; Butl. III. Het. vii, pi. 125, fig. 11 ; C. Sf S. no. 16:>'.t A. Gonophora indica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 44 ; Waterh. Aid, i, pi. 9. Head and thorax golden brown, the collar with fine dark lines ; abdomen pale fuscous. Fore wing silvery grey ; a large golden- brown triangular patch from the costa near base and at apex to Fig. 111. — Habrosyne dcrasa, c?. }. inner margin near outer angle, bordered inwardly by a white line which sends a tooth obliquely towards the base ; a whitish streak along the costa crossed by some waved brown lines ; small black striae towards the apex ; orbicular and reniform spots with pale outline ; an extremely undulated quadruple postmedial line from vein 6 to near inner margin ; a slightly curved or almost straight submarginal pale band ; a waved marginal pale line ; cilia pale, with a dark line through them. Hind wing fuscous. The form indica, from Sikhim, is rather larger and brighter, whilst fraterna, from Dharmsala, is slightly greyer than the European derasa. Larva reddish brown ; a dark dorsal line ; subdorsal round HABEOSYNB. 179 white spots on 4th, 5th, and 6th somites, the two posterior spots sometimes obsolete. Hob. Europe ; Dharmsala ; Sikhim ; Burma. Exp. 40-54 millim. 325. Habrosyne plagiosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 90; C. # S. no. 1631. $ . Head and thorax pinkish brown, the collar, meso- and ineta- thorax fringed with brown hair. Pore wing pinkish brown ; an antemedial oblique pink line met below the costa by an oblique line from near the base; the area beyond the antemedial line suffused \\ith brown ; some short faint waved brown lines from the costa ; orbicular spot represented by a speck ; renif orm elon- gate, with a dark outline ; a faint waved double postmedial line filled in with bright chestnut towards inner margin ; a curved pink band from apex to outer angle. Hind wing fuscous. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 56 millim. 326. Habrosyne armata, Moore Lep. Atk. p. 90; Waterh. Aid, ii, pi. 117 ; C. # S. no. 1629. c? . Head and thorax pale ferruginous, the latter tinged with pink. Pore wing ferruginous, some pale marks at base ; a pinkish oblique line from costa near base to inner margin beyond the middle ; a postmedial pink patch on the costa ; a double highly waved postmedial line ; a curved submarginal pink band, with a grey patch on its inner edge ; two whitish marginal lines. Hind wing pale fuscous. Hab. Khasi Hills. Exp. 66 millim. 327. Habrosyne argenteipuncta, n. sp. 5 . Head, thorax, and abdomen brown ; thorax with paired tufts of pale grey, brown-tipped scales from below the patagia. Fore wing olive-brown ; some blue-grey streaks from the costa ; a silvery subbasal spot below the median nervure ; a medial dark band with waved edges occupying the middle third of the wing, with some yellow on its outer edge towards inner margin ; the reniform outlined with blue-grey ; marginal area suffused with blue-grey. Hind wing fuscous. Hob. Sikhim (Knyvett). Exp. 38 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 328. Habrosyne sanguinea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 90; C. $ 8. no. 1632. 3 . Head and thorax bright ferruginous red ; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing with a bright ferruginous basal patch, bearing a silvery spot below the median nervure, and with creamy white on its outer edge ; the outer half of wing dark ferruginous brown, with a bright ferruginous streak and patch on inner margin, the latter with a waved white inner edge ; two bright ferruginous patches N2 180 CTMATOPHOKID^E. on costa with white inner edges ; the waved lines as in derasa. Hind wing dark fuscous. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 44 millim.' Genus THYATIRA. Thyatira, Hiibn. Verz. p. 236 (1816). Type, T. batis, Linn. Range. Europe ; Palaearctic Asia ; Himalayas ; Borneo ; Java. Palpi upturned, the first two joints heavily fringed with hair, the third joint of moderate length and naked ; antenna} ciliated ; collar and patagia fringed with long hair; third segment of abdomen with a tuft of dark scales. Fore wing with the apex rounded ; thickly scaled ; vein 6 from the angle of cell ; 9 and 10 stalked, and almost anastomosing with 7 and 8 to form a short areole. Hind wing with vein 5 from near the lower angle of cell. 329. Thyatira batlS, Linn. fii/*f. Xaf. i, p. 836; Buckler, Larva Brit. lintt. Moths, pi. r,4, fig. 2 ; C.Sr S. no. Kc'l. Thyatira cmrnata, M»<>>-<', 1'. Z. S. 1888, p. 40(1; Butl. III. llct. vii. pL I:*"), tiir. 1-?. Thyatira decorata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 3i>8, pi. 37, fig. 1 ; a cV.v. n<». n;i>->. Thyatira vicina, (iucn. Noct. i, p. 13. and thorax pinkish white, with fine brown lines. Fore brown ; a large basal pink patch with two brown spots on it towards inner margin, and bordered by a black line; two pinki-h Fig. 112.— Thyatira batis, tf. }. patches below the costa towards apex, one on inner margin, and a larger one with brown centre at outer angle, with a small spot on the margin above it; some waved medial and postrnedial lines. Hind wing and abdomen fuscous. The variety coynata is without the pink patch on inner margin of fore wing, and has a waved marginal black line ; decorata, from Sikhim, has an extra pinkish spot in the cell of the fore wing, a smaller one beyond, and a more complete marginal series ; the THYATIRA. — GAUBENA. 181 palpi are usually pink ; and it is probably a distinct species. Vicina, from Java, is like the typical form, but browner. Larva brown; the 1st somite purplish, the 2nd and 3rd yellowish ; paired dorsal hump on 2nd and 5th to terminal somites ; oblique lateral dark stripes on 4th to 10th somites. Hob. Europe ; N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Java. Exp. 46 millim. Genus GAURENA. Gaurena, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 619 (1864). Type, G. florens, Wlk. Range. Sikhim ; Assam Hills. Only differs from Thyatira in having vein 6 of the fore wing given off beyond the angle of cell. 330. Gaurena florens, Wlk. Cat. xxxii. p. 620; Butl. III. Het. vi, pi. 109, fig. 4 ; C.Sf S. no. 1627. Head and thorax olive-brown. Fore wing olive-brown suffused with yellow, the markings pale yellow and white ; a spot near base, a subbasal waved band ; a spot in the cell, and a larger spot Fig. 113. — Gaurena florens, <$ . \. at the end of it ; a postmedial patch on the costa ; another at apex, and one at outer angle ; submarginal and marginal series of lunulate spots ; costa and veins 1 and 2 spotted with yellow. Abdomen and hind Aving pale yellowish fuscous. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 40 millim. 331. Gaurena aurofasciata, n. sp. 3 . Differs from florens in the head and thorax being olive ; the subbasal band of the fore wing broader ; no white spot at middle of cell ; the spot at end of cell oblong and golden ; a complete postmedial band between the patches on costa and outer angle ; the submarginal and marginal lunules absent, except two above outer angle. Hab. Sikhim (Elwes). Exp. 40 millim. Type in coll. EhA'es. 182 CYMATOPHOHID-ffi. 332. Gaurena florescens, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 620 ; Butl. III. Hd. vi, pi. 109, fig. 5 ; C.Sf S. no. 1628. Differs from florens in the head and thorax being spotted with yellow ; the waved subbasal band of the fore wing replaced by a spot on the costa and one below median nervure ; the spot at end of cell large ; the postniedial spot placed below the costa ; the patches at apex and near outer angle smaller ; the marginal series larger. Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis ; XagaS. Exp. 42 millim. 333. Gaurena fuscescens, n. sp. cJ . Head and thorax dark fuscous ; abdomen pale. Fore wing dull brown suffused with fuscous ; traces of numerous waved dark lines ; a pale speck below median nervure near the base ; an in- distinct dark spot on discocellulars ; a pale patch at apex, lliml wing pale fuscous, with an indistinct paler band just beyond the middle. Jlnl. Nagu Hills, 6000 feet (Dolierty). Exp. 40 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 334. Gaurena lichenea, n. sp. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish grey. Fore wing whitish grey, crossed by numerous waved dark lines ; indistinct antemedial, postmedial, and snlnnarginal curved dark bands; orbicular and reniform spots indistinct, the former figure-of-8-shapcd, the latter elongate ; an oblique black apical streak and marginal lunulate line. Hind winjj white, with an indistinct medial fuscous line and broad blackish marginal band. Nab. Sikhim (M oiler) ; Na'ga Hills, 6000 feet (Dolierty). Exp. 38 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus POLYPLOCA. Polyploca, Hiihn. Verz. p. 273 (1816). Pafimpsestes, Hiibn. Verz. p. 273 (1816). Saronaga, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 330. Type, P. ridens, Fabr., from Europe. Bange. Europe ; N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Naga Hills. Palpi with the first two joints hairy, the third porrect, rather long and naked. Antennae with the joints wide and flattened ; patagia heavily fringed with hair. Fore wing thickly scaled, the apex acute and rather produced ; vein 6 from above the angle of cell ; vein 9 anastomosing with 7 and 8 to form an areole. Hind wing with vein 5 from just below the middle of discocellulars or just above the lower angle of cell, or stalked with vein 4. Head and frons tufted ; abdomen with a tuft on 3rd segment. POLYPLOCA.. 183 335. Polyploca orbicularis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 407; C. $ S. no. 1644 c. Head and thorax grey-brown ; the collar with a darker edge ; abdomen fuscous, the tuft on 3rd somite blackish. Fore wing grey-brown ; a dark spot at base ; a waved subbasal line ; curved Fig. 114. — Polyploca orbicularis, rf . j. treble ante- and post medial lines ; the orbicular and reniform spots whitish or reddish outlined with black ; a waved line beyond the postmedial line and another submarginal commencing as a black oblique streak from the apex ; a waved marginal line ; some dark specks on costa near apex. Hind wing fuscous. Hob. Dharmsala; Sikhhn. Exp. 44 millim. 336. Polyploca anguligera, n. sp. 3 . Differs from orbicularis in the double antemedial lines of the fore wing being straighter ; the double postmedial lines highlv angled outwards beyond the cell ; the oblique streak from apex more prominent. Hob. Naga Hills (Dolierty}. Exp. 42 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 337. Polyploca renalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 407 ; C. $ S. no. 1644 D. Differs from orbicularis in the lines of the fore wing being less well denned ; the ante- and postmedial lines more dentate, the latter highly angulate ; the orbicular and reniform spots ochreous, with tufts of raised dark scales on their lower edges. Abdomen and hind wing darker. Hob. Dharmsala. Exp. 42 millim. 338. Polyploca albidisca, Warr. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 299 ; C. $ S. no. 1642 A. Polyploca dubia, Warr. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 300 ; C. $ S. no. 1644 B. $ . Differs from orbicularis in the collar being without the dark outline. Fore wing with the dark speck further from the base and oblique, with a white spot inside it ; three wraved antemedial black lines at even distances apart ; the lines of the outer area 184 CYMATOPHOBUXE. more irregular : the orbicular and reniforrn spots formed by black streaks with a few orange scales round them, the area below them grey. The form dubia is without the white speck at base of fore wing, the innermost of the three lines is obsolescent, and another is deve- loped outside them, so that the series becomes medial ; the orbicular and reniform spots less prominent and without grey suffusion below them ; the lines of outer area obsolescent. Some specimens have the medial area of fore wing suffused with fuscous. Hob. Kangra, Punjab. Exp. 36 millim. 339. Polyploca cnprina, Moore. P. Z. S. 1881. p. 331. pi. 37, fig. 3 ; C. £ S. no. 1644. Head and thorax grey-brown ; abdomen paler. Fore wing grey- brown with a faint greenish tinge ; indistinct double ante- and postmedial curved and waved lines, and traces of other waved single lines ; a dark streak on the discocellulars, with a black spot inside it ; a waved submarginal pale line. Hind wing pale fuscous. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 38 millim. 340. Polyploca albicosta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 45 ; C. # S. no. 1626. cJ . Head and thorax dark brown ; abdomen paler. Fore wing dark brown ; the costal area suffused with white and greenish at base ; numerous transverse waved dark lines, of which the most distinct are one antemedial and one postmedial ; orbicular and reniform spots large and confluent, their upper portions outlined with black ; an oblique black apical streak ; a lunulate marginal line. Hind wing pale fuscous, with slightly darker medial and broad marginal bands. The race from the N.W. Himalayas has the palpi and basal joint of antennae pink ; the collar fringed with pink ; fore wing with the costal area suffused with pinkish white ; the orbicular and reniform spots on a diffused yellow patch. Hob. Simla; Sikhim. Exp. 48-50 millim. 341. Polyploca albibasis, n. sp. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen grey, slightly tiuged with rufous. Fore wing with the costa much arched at base and the apex very acute ; silvery grey ; the base white ; a whitish fascia along the costa from one-fifth from base to apex ; waved ante- and post- medial dark lines and submarginal series of white specks. Hind wing pale fuscous, the outer area darker. cJ . In specimens from Simla the ground-colour of the fore wing is greenish : a fine white submarginal line is present, and the hind wing is pale ochreous. Hob. Simla ; Sikhim. Exp. 68 millim. Type in coll. Elvves. NEMACEROTA. — TOXOIDES. 185 Genus NEMACEROTA, nov. Type, N. cinerea, Warr. Range. Punjab ; Sikhim. Antennae slender and ciliate, simple in female. Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head ; the first two joints hairy, the third naked and short. Fore wing with the apex acute and rather produced ; slightly scaled ; vein 6 from above angle of cell ; veins 9 and 10 not quite anastomosing with 7 and 8 to form the areole. Hind wing with vein 5 from the centre of the discocellulars. 342. Nemacerota cinerea, Warr. P.Z.8. 1888, p. 300; C. $ S. no. 1644 E. Pale grey. Fore wing with two short dark streaks at the base ; the basal area brownish and bounded by an indistinct waved dark Fig. 115. — Nemacerota cinerea, $ . \. line ; an indistinct double postmedial waved line and pale waved submarginal line. Hind wing paler. Hob. Thandiani, Punjab. Eocp. 40 millim. 343. Nemacerota alternata, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1881, p. 331, pi. 37, fig. 2 ; C. & S. no. 1643. $ . Head and thorax grey-brown ; the vertex of head and collar red-brown ; abdomen paler. Fore wing greenish ; ante- and post- medial pinkish bands and curved and waved black lines well defined towards the costa ; traces of other single lines. Hind wing pale fuscous. Hal. Sikhim. Exp. 42 millim. G-enus TOXOIDES, nov. Type, T. longipennis, Hmpsn. Range. Sikhim. Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head, the second joint fringed with hair, the third naked and porrect ; antenna) flattened and with short fasciculated cilia. Fore wing very long and narrow, the costa highly arched, the apex obtuse ; vein 6 from angle of cell ; 7 and 8 on a long stalk ; 9 and 10 stalked. Hind wing with the 186 CYMATOPHOEID.I:. outer margin slightly angled at vein 3 ; veins 3 and 4. from angle of cell ; 5 from centre of discocellulars. 344. Toxoides longipennis, n. sp. c? . Head pale, slightly tinged with rufous ; thorax grizzled brown and grey, the collar tinged with rufous ; abdomen pale fuscous. Fore wing grey suffused with fuscous, especially from end of cell to apex ; the base and costa rufous ; numerous faint Fig. 116.— Toxoides lonffipennis, <$ . |. waved lines. Hind wing fuscous, with traces of a medial line ; the cilia paler. llab. Sikhim. Exp. 58 millim. Type in coll. Knyvett. Species formerly recorded as Indian which are omitted. Eisoba basalis, Moore, C. & S. no. 1633, is a Noctua. „ confluent, Moore, ,, ,, lr>:; I. ,, ,, dwtrtipwinis, AVlk., ,, „ ]<>;>.">, ,, „ literatft, Moore, „ „ 1(53(5, „ „ obstructa, Moore, „ ,, ]<'>:;>7, ,, ,, prominens, Moore, „ ,, 1638, ,, „ repwjnaim, AVlk., „ ,, 1639, „ vialis, Moore, ., „ 1640, „ ]) it rasa variec/ata, Moore, ,, ,, 1645, „ „ vitell'ma, Moore, „ „ 164(5, ,, Ttjracona obliqua, Moore, ,, „ K547, „ „ tramversa, Moore, „ „ 1648, „ Sydiva nigrogritea, Moore, ,, „ 1649, ,, Osica unduluta, Moore, „ „ 1650, ,. Lazanda fasciata, Wlk., C. & S. no. lQ5l~Labanda muscosa, AVlk., C. & S. no. 3016, is a Noctua. 187 Family SESIID^E. Diurnal Lepidoptera, which feed on the wing and settle on leaves in hot sunshine ; the flight very rapid. Antennae often dilated or knobbed. Legs often with thick tufts of hair ; mid tibiae with one pair of spurs ; hind tibiae with two pairs. Frenulurn present. Wings generally more or less hyaline ; fore wing with veins 1 a and 1 b forming a fork at base ; 1 c absent ; veins 4 to 11 given off at almost even distances from the cell. Hind wing with three internal veins ; vein 8 coincident with 7. Many species are close " mimics " of various Hymenopterous forms. Larva : a fleshy internal feeder on bark or pith, with five pairs of prolegs. Pupa armed with hooks for movement in the galleries. Key to the Genera. a. Hind legs without tufts of hair on the joints, a'. Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 stalked. a2. Proboscis wanting. a3. Fore wing with vein 5 present. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from angle of cell. a4. Hind wing with discocellulars oblique ; palpi of medium length , 1. TROCHILIUM, p. 188. &4. Hind wing with discocellulars nearly erect ; palpi longer . . 2. SPHECODOPTERA, p. 189. b3. Fore wing with vein 5 absent . . 3. ANTHRENOPTERA, b~. Proboscis present. [p. 190. a3. Hind wing with discocellulars almost erect. «4. Fore wing with vein 2 present. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from cell. a5. Hind tarsi of moderate length, and not fringed with scales. «6. Abdomen with lateral tufts on the terminal segments 4. TRILOCHANA, p. 190. bG. Abdomen with the termi- nal tuft only 5. SCIAPTERON, p. 191. b5. Hind tarsi extremely long and fringed with scales on the last four joints above . 6. MACROTARSIPTIS, p. 194. 64. Fore »ving with vein 2 absent. Hind wing with veins 3 and [p. 194. 4 stalked 7. ICHXEUMENOPTERA, 188 SESIID.£. b3. Hing wing with discocellulars oblique 8. SESIA, p. 196. b'. Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 not stalked. «2. Palpi upturned. Hind wing with vein 3 from end of cell 9. ADIXOA, p. 198. 62. Palpi porrect. Hind wing with veins 2 and 3 from a point before end of cell 10. TRICHOCEROTA, p. 199. b. Hind legs with tufts of hair on the joints. «'. Legs with moderate or slight tufts on the joints. a2. Fore wing with veins 5 and 7 present. rt3. Hind wing with veins 2 and 3 from a point. a4. Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 stalked 11. TINTHIA, p. 199. b4. Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 not stalked 12. CERATOCOREMA, p. 200. b3. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from angle of cell 13. ASCHISTOPHLEPS,P. 200. b2. Fore wing with veins 5 and 7 absent. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked 14. OLIGOPHLEBIA, p. 201. b'. Hind legs with immensely developed hairy clothing. a2. Hind legs with the hair evenly dis- posed. Hind wing with vein 3 from before end of cell ; 6 and 7 stalked 15. MELITTIA, p. 202. b~. Hind legs with the hair disposed in uneven tufts. Hind wing with vein 3 from end of cell ; veins 6 and 7 not stalked ; club of antenna greatly developed 16. LENYRA, p. 20o. Fig. 117. — TrochUium omrnaticB forme, Genus TROCHILIUM. Trochilium, Scop. Int. Hist. Nat. p. 414 (1777). Sphecia, Hubn. Verz. p. 127 (1818). Type, T. apiforme, Cl., from Europe. Range. The Palaearctic Eegion. Antennae of male pectinated ; palpi upturned and reaching the TEOCHILIUM. SPHECODOPTERA. 189 top of head ; inid and hind femora but slightly hairy. Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from end of cell, the discocellulars very oblique. 345. Trochilium ommatiaeforme, Moore, MS. c? . Palpi yellow ; antennae, thorax, and abdomen red-brown, with a few yellow scales : legs yellow. Wings hyaline, the veins and margins very narrowly brown. Hob. Baluchistan. Exp. 38 millim. 346. Trochilium ignicolle, n. sp. Antenna rufous ; palpi yellow ; vertex of head rufous ; collar fiery orange ; thorax brown ; abdomen brown, the second segment fringed with red, the terminal segments fiery orange. Wings hyaline, with narrow brown margins ; costa of fore wing brown ; the costal, median, and internal nervures slightly streaked with red. Hob. Simla (Harford}. Exp., J 36, $ 46 millim. TypeinB.M. Genus SPHECODOPTERA, nov. Type, S. repanda, Walk. Range. N. India. The third joint of palpus longer than in Trochilium ; the tibiae, especially those of hind legs, much more thickly clothed with hair. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; discocellulars more erect. Antenna3 almost simple, with a slight bristle to each segment. 347. Sphecodoptera repanda, Wlk. Cat. viii, p. 11 ; C.$ S. no. 189. d1 . Antenna3 orange, black towards tips ; legs fulvous, tibiae with some black hairs ; palpi, collar, and tegulse with some yellow scales ; thorax and abdomen black, the former with a yellow stripe on vertex, the latter with fulvous segmental bands, the last two Fig. 118. — Spkecodoptera repanda, tf. }. segments fulvous. Wings hyaline, with the veins and margins narrowly fulvous ; slight black streaks in the interspaces of fore wing towards apex, and the costa and discocellulars streaked with orange. Hab. Simla. Exp. 50 millim. 190 SESIIDJG. 348. Sphecodoptera flavicollis, n. sp. $ . Differs from repanda in the antennae being wholly black and shorter ; collar yellow ; two yellow streaks on meso- and meta- thorax, the latter fringed with yellow ; abdomen bright yellow, the first two segments black, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th segments with terminal black bands, decreasing in width posteriorly. Legs yellow ; hind legs with a black patch on the inside at end of tibia. Wings as in repanda ; fore wing without the black streaks in the interspaces towards apex. Hab. Skardo, Kashmir, 8000 feet (Leech}, figp. 48 millim. Type in coll. Leech. Genus ANTHRENOPTERA. Anthrenoptera, Swinh. Cat. IL-t. Mu*. Oxon. p. 35 (ined.). Type, A. contracta, Walk. Range. Assam. c? . The antennae more heavily pectinated than in Trochilium ; the third joint of palpi but slightly longer ; fore wing narrower, with vein 5 wanting ; hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; tibiae fringed with hair, especially those of hind legs. Fig. 119. — Anthrenoptera contracta, 349. Anthrenoptera contracta, Walk. Cut. viii, p. 11; C. $ S. no. 188. c? . Differs from Sphecodoptera repanda in the tegulae being wholly yellow ; the margins of wings more broadly fulvous ; fore wing with a large apical fulvous patch. Hob. Assam. Exp. 34 millim. Genus TRILOCHANA. Trilochana, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 9 (1879). Type, T. scolioides, Moore. Range. Sikhim ; Burma. The apex of the fore wing somewhat pointed; abdomen wifh lateral tufts on last two segments ; the anal tuft largely developed. Venation, antennae, palpi, and legs as in Sphecodoptera. TEILOCHAXA. — SCIAPTEEOtf. 191 *350. Trilochana scolioides, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 10, pi. ii, fig. 2; C. $ S. no. 206. Antennae dark brown. Palpi, thorax, and abdomen purple- brown, the segments of the last fringed with grey; the last two segments at sides and below and anal tuft red, some black hairs fringing the tuft above. Legs clothed with long black hairs, hind tarsi yellowish. Wings shining olive-green, a short narrow trans- parent basal streak on fore wing and two triangular streaks on the hind wing. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 47 millim. 351. Trilochana ignicauda, n. sp. c? . Differs from scolioides in the head, thorax, abdomen, and wings being uniform dark purplish metallic blue ; abd&men with the lateral and anal tufts fiery red. Fore wing without a hyaline Fig. 120. — Trilochana ignicauda, $ . \. streak ; hind wing with three hyaline streaks at base. Underside with the outer half of wings bronzy. Palpi fringed with grey hairs ; legs uniform black. Hob. Momeit, Burma (Doherty). Exp. 29 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus SCIAPTERON. Sciapteron, Staudgr. Stettin. Ent. Zeit. 1856, p. 195. Pramila, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 9 (1879). Pseudosesia, Feld. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, xliii, 1, p. 28 (1861). Type, S. tabaniforme, E-ott., from Europe. Range. The Palsearctic Region ; Sikhim ; Burma. Palpi upturned, the third joint short, as in Trochilium. Vena- tion of fore wing as in that genus ; hind wing with the disco- cellulars but slightly oblique ; veins 3 and 4 from end of cell. Anal tuft strongly developed ; hind tibiae but slightly fringed with hair. SECT. I. Male with antennae bipectinated. 352. Sciapteron flammans, n. sp. Palpi, head, and legs orange-yelloxv, with a few black scales on them ; antennae orange ; collar black, fringed with yellow ; thorax black, the tegulae and metathorax fringed with yellow ; abdomen blue-black, each segment with a bright yellow band ; anal tuft black and orange. Fore wing clothed with orange and black scales, 192 SESILDJE. the veins black. Hind wing hyaline ; the veins orange and black ; outer margin and cilia black. Hob. Murree. Exp., <$ 26, $ 31 millim. Type in coll. Leech. SECT. II. Male with antenna fasciculated. 353. Sciapteron grotei, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 414 j C. $ S. no. 207. Sciapteron rangoonensis, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 105. c? . Antennae and vertex of head black ; palpi and frons yellow : geuse white ; thorax black, with lateral yellow streaks ; metathorax with a yellow band; abdomen black, with yellow bands on all except the 1st and 3rd segments ; anal tuft black, shading to brown ; legs yellow and black ; tarsi white-ringed. Wings yel- lowish hyaline ; fore wing with the margins and discocellulars broadly black, narrowly so in hind wing. Hob. Eangoon. Kvp. 30 millim. 354. Sciapteron caeruleimicans, n. sp. c? . Differs from ranyoonensis in the palpi being black and orange ; the frons grey, surrounded by white ; thorax and abdomen with barely a trace of orange markings and bands ; legs with less yellow ; fore wing with some brilliant sky-blue metallic scales at and beyond the lower end of the cell. Hab. E. Pegu, 1000 ft., Apr. (Doherty). Rrp. 30 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 355. Sciapteron atkinsoni, Moore, Lev. Atk. p. 9, pi. ii, fig. 1 : C. $ S. no. 190. $> . Head, thorax, and abdomen bluish black ; legs brown ; palpi below and tarsal joints fringed with white. Wings hyaline ; veins, costa, cilia, and a narrow discocellular streak to the hind wing black. Fore wing with a broad orange-red black-bordered discocellular streak. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 35 millim. SECT. III. Male with antennas simple. 356. Sciapteron noblei, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 106. Sciapteron jucunda, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 167. Fig. 121.— Sciapteron noblei, $ . \. The antennas fulvous ; palpi yellow. Head black ; genae white ; tegulaa more or less fulvous ; thorax and abdomen blue-black, with SCIAPTEEON. 193 traces of orange bands above and white below ; anal tuft blue-black above, with some orange below in one male, wholly orange in another male, this being the form named jucunda ; in the female black, with the tip orange. Legs black ; the tibiae and tarsi ringed with fulvous and white. Fore wing metallic blue-black, with a purple tinge. Hind wing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black ; cilia brownish. Hob. llangoon. Exp. 34 millim. *357. Sciapteron sikkima, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 9 ; C. $ S. no. 208. c? . Differs from noblei in the antennae being black above ; thp thorax with a chrome-yellow streak on each side. Pore tarsi white ; mid and hind tarsi spotted with white. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 30 millim. 358. Sciapteron metallicum, n. sp. Differs from noblei in the thorax being wholly blue-black; abdo- men blue-black, the segments slightly fringed with yellow ; palpi black, with some grey hairs ; thorax greyish below ; tarsi black. Hob. Karen Hills (Fed). Exp. 32 millim. Type in coll. Moore. 359. Sciapteron gracile, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 168. $ . Antennae, head, and thorax orange-yellow ; abdomen black above, with the 1st and 3rd segments and anal tuft orange, and traces of orange bands below. Fore wings orange, powdered with a few black scales. Hind wing hyaline ; the veins orange ; cilia of both wings black. Legs orange and black. Hob. llangoon. Exp. 34 millim. 360. Sciapteron cupreivitta, n. sp. c? . Palpi yellow ; frons grey, surrounded by white ; head, thorax, and abdomen blue-black, the 5th segment of the last banded with yellow ; anal tuft blue-black, with two tufts of yellow scales above ; tibiae banded with yellow ; tarsi yellow. Pore wing above brown, suffused with blue-black ; slight yellow hyaline streaks between the nervules : a brilliant coppery-red streak in the end of the cell ; below coppery gold. Hind wing with the discocellular baud coppery ; the veins, margins, and cilia brown. Hab. Eastern Pegu, 1000 feet, April (Doherty). Exp. 28 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 361. Sciapteron tenuimarginatum, n. sp. £ . Differs from typical Sciapteron in vein 5 of hind wing arising from near the upper angle of cell. Palpi yellow ; frons white ; VOL. i. o 194 antennae orange ; head and thorax dark, much marked with yellow ; abdomen dark, the segments fringed with yellow. Legs yellow, some dark hairs on end of hind tibia. Wings hyaline, the veins, margins, and discocellulars of fore wing very narrowly dark. Hob. Karen Hills (Fed). Exp. 32 millim. Type in coll. Moore. Genus MACROTARSIPUS, nov. Type, M. albipunctus, Hmpsn. Range. Burma. Palpi and neuration as in Sciapteron, except that vein 6 of the hind wing is from the upper angle of cell. Antenna? simple and very long. Legs very long; hind tarsi extremely elongate, the four terminal joints thickly fringed with scales above. 362. Macrotarsipus albipunctus, n. sp. c? . Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen metallic blue-black. Palpi blue-black, white below. Legs blue-black, coxa3 of fore legs Fig. 122. — Macrotarsipus albipunctus, tf. ]. fringed with white ; a ring of white scales on hind tibia at each pair of spurs, and at end of first joint of tarsus. Wings hyaline : the veins narrowly black ; the margins and discocellulars of fore wings somewhat broadly black. Hal). Bhamo, Burma (Fea). Exp. 24 millim. Type in coll. Moore. Genus ICHNEUMENOPTERA, nov. Type, I. auripes, Hmpsn. Range. Bengal ; Assam ; Burma. cJ • Palpi with the third joint longer than in Sciapteron. Antennae long and simple. Legs naked. Abdominal tuft long. Fore wing with vein 2 absent ; the stalk of veins 7 and 8 shorter. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 6 from near the upper angle of the cell. 363. Ichneumenoptera auripes, n. sp. 3 . Palpi yellow below, black above. Frons white ; antennae, head, thorax, abdomen, and anal tuft black with a few scattered ICHNETJMENOPTERA. 195 yellow scales. Fore legs orange with the coxae yellow. Hind legs with the femur blue-black, tibia orange with a blue-black Fig. 123. — Ichneumenoptera auripes, J. \. band, tarsus blue banded with white. Wings transparent, the veins and margins narrowly black with a few yellow scales ; cilia brown. ffab. Sibsa^ar ; E. Pegu, 4000 feet, April ; Tenasserini valley (Doherty). Exp. 26 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 364. Ichneumenoptera flavicincta, n. sp. cJ . Differs from auripes in each segment of the abdomen being fringed with yellow. Mid and hind legs black, ringed with yellow. Fore wing with the margins and discocellular band more broadly black. (Fore legs wanting.) Hab. Tenasserim Valley (DoTierty}. Exp. 19 millim. Type in coll. Druce. 365. Ichneumenoptera xanthosoma, n. sp. c? . Differs from auripes in the frons and vertex of head being metallic blue, a white stripe down each side of frons ; head fringed with yellow behind; collar metallic blue; thorax yellow striped with black ; abdomen yellow. Each segment fringed with black ; legs yellow, hind tibia with two blue-black spots above. Hab. Moulmein. Exp. 20 millim. Type in coll. Moore. 366. Ichneumenoptera flavipalpus, n. sp. cJ . Differs from auripes in the palpi being wholly yellow ; the frons dark ; thorax and abdomen brown, suffused with yellow. Fore wing hyaline ; the veins and margins, a discocellular band, and the outer area, brown suffused with yellow. Hind winq hyaline; the veins and margins narrowly brown. Legs wholly yellow. Hab. Barrackpore. Exp. 20 millim. Type in coll. Moore. 367. Ichneumenoptera ignifera, n. sp. (S . Palpi black above, yellow below ; frons surrounded by white ; antennae, thorax, and abdomen black, anal tuft fiery red ; abdomen red and white below towards extremity. Fore wing yellowish hyaline; the veins, discocellular band, and margins narrowly o 2 196 SESIIDX brown, the outer margin with a I road brown band. Hind wing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly brown. Hob. Karen Hills (Fea) ; Bernardmyo (Doherty}. E.vp. 28 millim. Type in coll. Moore. Genus SESIA. Sesia, Fabr. Si/st. Ent. p. 547 (1775); Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii, 1, p. 153 (1801). ^Egeria, Fabr. lllig. Mag, Ins. vi, p. 288 (1807). Type, S. tipuliformis, Clerk, Europe. Range. All the regions, except Australasian. Palpi slightly longer and more slender than in the preceding genera. Hind wing with the discocellulars oblique, the venation otherwise as in Sciapteron. Anal tuft large in the male. In the typical section the antenna are heavily ciliated in the male. SECT. II. The antennae simple in the male. 368. Sesia quinquecincta, n. sp. Head and thorax blue-black; abdomen black, with five broad yellow bands ; anal tuft and legs blue-black, the latter slightly fringed with white ; coxae of legs white. Wings hyaline ; the veins, margins, and cilia smoky brown : cost a and discocellular streak of fore wing blue-black. Hind tibiae not fringed with hair. Huh. Bernardmyo, Burma, 6000 feet, May (Doherty). Exp. 24 millim. Type in coll. Eh1 369. Sesia minuta, Sicinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 171, pi. vi, fig. 5. $ . Antennae black ; palpi ochreous ; frons with the centre grey surmounted by white ; collar whitish ; thorax with a few orange scales; abdomen blark, the 2nd, 4th, and 5th segments with yellow bands above ; all the segments white — banded below. Legs black and ochreous. Fore wing hyaline with opal tints, the veins and margins dark, and the whole outer area suffused with purplish fuscous ; a prominent orange discocellular band. Hind wing hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black. Underside of fore wing with the basal part yellow. Hind tibiae slightly hairy. Ilab. Rangoon. Exp. 24 millim. 370. Sesia unicincta, n. sp. Differs from minuta in the third segment of the abdomen only having a yellow band. Fore wing with the margins narrowly black ; the area beyond the cell hyaline, with a few yellow scales beyond the discocellulars and near the apex. 'Hob. Karen Hills (Fta). Exp. 18 millim. Type in coll. Moore. SESIA. 197 371. Sesia xanthosticta, n. sp. c? . Palpi dark above, yellow below ; frons black and surrounded by yellow. Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen black; abdomen with a yellow dorsal patch on first segment ; a yellow sublateral line. Legs black, with some yellow on femora and tibiae. Fore wing black, with a hyaline patch edged with yellow in the cell ; a yellow patch beyond the cell, the veins crossing it black. Hind wing hyaline, the base and costa slightly yellow ; the veins, outer margins, and cilia black. Hab. Kashmir (Leech). Exp. 18 millim. Type in coll. Leech. 372. Sesia tricincta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 8; C. Sf S. no. 194. c? . Brown; the antennae grey at base ; the palpi below, collar, streaks at sides of thorax, and basal medial and anal bands of abdomen yellow. Legs brown, tarsi with white bands. Wings opalescent hyaline, with narrow purple-brown borders and disco- cellular bands. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 22 millim. *373. Sesia flava, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 8 j C. $ S. no. 193. Antennae yellow with the tips brown ; palpi, collar, and streaks on vertex and sides of thorax yellow ; abdomen brown, with yellow segmental bands ; anal tuft yellow. Legs yellow, banded with brown. Fore wing hyaline, the base and apex yellowish ; veins and margins narrowly brown. Hind wing hyaline, with the cilia brown. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 17 millim. 374. Sesia flavicaudata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 559, pi. 211, fig. 12. <5 . Purple-black ; genae white ; palpi below, collar, and a narrow band on the fifth abdominal segment yellow ; anal tuft orange. Fig. 124.— Sesia flavicaitdata, tf. f. Legs banded with yellow. Wings hyaline, with the veins, margins, and discocellular 'band purple-black, broadly so on fore wing, narrowly on hind wing. Hab. Punduloya, Ceylon. Exp. 17 millim. 198 SESIID.f:. 375. Sesia flavipes, Hmpsn. 111. Net. ix, ined., pi. 157, figs. ]9, 20. Metallic blue-black ; palpi, collar, and tibiae orange. Abdomen with narrow segm^ntal orange bauds expanding into wide lateral patches ; aual tut't blue-black above, orange below. Wings hyaline ; the margins, discocellulars, and veins purple-black : fore wing with the margins broadly black, and nearly the whole outer area dark with narrow yellow streaks between the veins. Female with the abdominal orange bands broader. * Hab. Bangalore; Punduloya, Ceylon. Ed-p., J 16, $ 14milliin. Genus ADIXOA, nov. Type, A. alterna, Walk. ItaiK/e. S. India; Tenasserima. c? . Antenna? with fascicles of cilia : palpi as in Sciapteron. Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 not stalked ; the venation otherwise as in tVc'tnjtti'roH-. Fore legs with a strong tibial tuft of hair; the other pairs but slightly hairy. 376. Adixoa alterna, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 10; C. $ S. no. 192. d . Purple-brown ; frons, collar, tegulae, and metatborax yellow. Abdomen with lateral yellow spots on the first and fourth seg- Fig. 125.— Adixoa alterna, tf. j. inents, one each on the vertex of the second and seventn segments : anal tuft black, the base of the tuft above and beloxv yellow. Fore wing purple-brown suffused with yellow ; a hyaline streak in the cell and four beyond. Hind wing hyaline ; the veins, margins, and discocellular band purple-black. ll(0>. Coimbatore, S. India. E&p. 28 milliin. 377. Adixoa auricollum, n. sp. <$ . Palpi, antenna?, head, thorax, and abdomen blue-black ; frons white, heW fringed with white behind ; collar fringed with orange ; abdomen with orange bands on three last segments and on all the segments below. Legs blue-black ; fore leg with the tarsi white ; hind leg with some pale hairs on tibia. Fore wing blue-black, with hyaline spaces in and below the cell, and a small quadrind space beyond. Hind wing hyaline, with broad blue-black margins and discocellular band. Hab. Tenasserim Valley (Doherty). Evp. 25 millim. Type in coll. Druce. TE ICHOCEROTA.. — TINTHIA. 199 Genus TRICHOCEROTA, nov. Type, T. ruficincta, Hmpsn. Range. Burma. Antennae with tufts of long cilia arising from serrations. Palpi somewhat slight and porrect. Fore wing with vein 4 absent; 7 and 8 not stalked. Hind wing with veins 2 and 3 from near together and some way before the end of the cell ; vein 6 from the upper angle of the cell. Hind tibiae naked. 378. Trichocerota ruficincta, n. sp. 3 . Palpi reddish ; head, thorax, and abdomen black ; thorax with slight reddish streaks ; abdomen with red bands on the fifth Fig. 126. — Trichocerota ruficincta, $. |. and seventh segments. Tore wing dark reddish brown, with slight hyaline streaks in the cell and between veins 2, 3, and 4. Hind wing yellowish hyaline ; the veins, margins, and cilia black. ffab. Eastern Pegu, 500 feet, April (Doherty). Exp. 22 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus TINTHIA. Tinthia, Walk. Cat. xxxi, p. 23 (1864). Type, T. varipes, Walk., from Celebes. Range. Japan ; China ; Celebes ; S. India. Antennae slender and serrated in both sexes, hardly dilated before the end ; palpi slight and porrect. Legs with slight tufts of hair at the joints. Wings very narrow ; fore wing with the venation of Sesia ; hind wing with veins 2 and 3 given off at a point before the end of the cell ; 6 and 7 from the upper angle of cell ; discocellulars nearly erect. 379. Tinthia cupreipennis, Walk. Cat. xxxi, p. 11 ; C. $ S. no. 191. c? . Brown with iridescent colours ; the palpi, tufts on legs, and Fig. 127. — Tinthia cupreipennis, <$. ?. narrow segmental bands to the abdomen ochreous ; anal tuft 200 SESIID^E. black, orange at the tip. Fore wing irrorated with ochreous scales. Hind wing hyaline, the veins and margins dark. Hob. Coiinbatore, S. India. Exp. 18 millim. Genus CERATOCOREMA, nov. Type, C. postcristatum, Hmpsn. Range. Ganjam ; Poona. Antenna with two series of very long cilia. Palpi short and porrect. Fore leg with tibia slightly hairy ; mid leg with the tibia and first tarsal joint strongly tufted with hair ; hind leg with t wo tufts of hair on the tibia and one on the first tarsal joint. Abdo- men short and stout, with lateral anal tufts. Wings short ; fore wing with veins 7 and 8 not stalked ; hind wing with veins 2 and 3 from a point before the end of the cell, vein 6 from upper angle of cell. 380. Ceratocorema postcristatum, n. sp. cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish brown ; anal tufts reddish at base, black at tip. Mid legs clothed with reddish Fig. 128. — Ceratocorema postcristatum, tf. }. hairs, those on the first tarsal joint blue-black ; hind legs clothed with mingled reddish and blue-black hairs. Wings yellowish hyaline, the veins and margins red-brown, narrowly so on the hind wing. Hah. Berhampore, Ganjam (J/inc/ttn) ; Poona. Krp. 16 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus ASCHISTOPHLEPS, nov. Type, A. lampropoda, Hmpsn. Range. Assam ; Pegu. <3 . Antennae simple. Palpi upturned, the third joint long and slightly porrected. Mid legs with terminal tufts of hairs on the tibiae ; hind legs with two strong tufts on the tibiae, and the first tarsal joint strangly tufted. Abdomen slight in the typical species. Wings rather short ; fore wing with veins 7 and 8 not stalked ; hind wing as in Sciapteron. 381. AscMstophleps lampropoda, n. sp. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen black. Hind legs with the tibiae fringed with yellow hairs near the base, the rest of the tibiae ASCHISTOPHLEPS. — OLIGOPHLEBIA. 201 and first tarsal joint with orange hairs mixed with a few silvery scales ; the distal tarsal joints black. Wings yellow hyaline, the Fig. 129. — Aschistophleps lampropoda, <$ . f. veins, margins, and a broad discocellular streak to fore wing black ; cilia black ; inner margin of hind wing orange. Hob. Margarita, Assam, May (Doherty). Kvp. 20 millim. in coll. Elwes. Type 382. Aschistophleps melissoides, n. sp. 2 . Abdomen apiform. Palpi white ; head, thorax, and abdomen black ; tibiae and first tarsal joint of mid and hind legs clothed with black, grey, and white hairs. "Wings hyaline, with the veins and margins black; fore wing with a black band occupying the middle third of the wing, and sending three spurs outwards along costa, vein 5, and inner margin. An excellent mimic of the smaller Indian bee, Apis indica. Hob. Eastern Pegu, 1000 feet, April (Doherty). Exp. 20 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus OLIGOPHLEBIA. Oligophlebia, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined. Type, 0. nigralba, Hmpsn. Range. Ceylon. AntennaD minutely ciliated. Palpi upturned. Fore tibia with a terminal tuft of hair ; mid legs with a small median and large terminal tuft to the tibia, the first two joints of the tarsus tufted ; hind tibia with a very large terminal tuft. Fore wing with veins 5 and 7 absent. Hind wing with the discocellulars erect ; veins 3 and 4 stalked. Fig. 130. — Oligophlebia nigralba, tf. f. 383. Oligophlebia nigralba, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 157, %. 21. tf . Head and thorax black ; frons, genae, palpi below, and pectus 202 silvery white. Legs black, the tibiae and tarsi ringed with white. Fore wing black, with a hyaline patch on the disk crossed by veins 4 and 6, wrhich are black. Hind wing hyaline, with the veins and margins narrowly black. Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 15 millitn. Genus MELITTIA. Melittia, Walk. Cat. viii, p. 66 (1856). Type, M. satyriniformis, Hiibn., from N. America. Range. S. and W. Africa. The Oriental region to Celebes and Gilolo; Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Antennas with fascicles of cilia in the male, simple in the female ; much dilated before the tip, which is pointed. Palpi erect and rather slender, the 2nd joint slightly hairy. Hind leg with the tibia and tarsus clothed with thick long hair down to the ungues, and used for steadying the insect in the air whilst feeding from flowers. Fore wing with shape and venation of Sciapteron. Hind wing with vein 3 given off before the end of the cell ; vein 6 present. Anal tuft slight. 384. Melittia astarte, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 61, pi. 30, fig. 4; C. $ S. no. 195. Glossy brassy black. Antenna ringed with lead-colour beyond the middle. Head, collar, and first and last segments of abdomen orange. Hind legs inwardly black ; outwardly orange with a few white hairs. Fore wing brassy black, with no hyaline streaks. Hind wing hyaline, the veins orange; a black marginal line. Cilia of both wings orange. llab. Central India. Exp. 25 millim. 385. Melittia pellecta, Strinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 169, pi. vi, fig. a $ . Black ; thorax fulvous, with a greenish tinge ; abdomen wil h a few terminal grey scales to each segment. Hind legs black, with a few grey hairs. Fore wing black, with very slight hyaline streaks between some of the veins and irrorated with grey scales. Hind wing hyaline, with the veins and cilia black ; a few silvery-blue scales on inner margin. Hob. Rangoon. Exp. 38 millirn. 386. Melittia VOlatilis, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 170, pi. vi, fig. 3. $ . Differs from pellecta in the thorax being black ; the fore wing with no grey scales. Hind wing with a large silvery-blue patch on inner margin. Hind legs with more grey hairs. Hob. Rangoon. Exp. 24 millim. MELITTIA. 203 387. Melittia eurytion, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 62, pi. 30, fix 5 ; C. $ S. no. 197. Melittia strigipennis, Walk. Cat. xxxi, p. 17. Differs from volatilis in the thorax being olive-green; the abdomen with more distinct silvery segmental bands. Fore wing with the hyaline streaks in, below, and beyond the cell considerably Fig. 131.— Melittia eurytion, . L':>() (1809). Exodomorpha, Wlk. Cat. xxix, p. 833 (1864). Castorura, Meyr. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. ser. 2, i, p. 1047 (1887). Type, E. fuscipennis, Zell., from S. Africa. Range. Africa ; India ; Australia. Antenna? as in (Edematopoda ; the third joint of palpi not quite so long. The upper angle of cell of both wings produced; fore wing with vein 1 b not forked, 6 absent ; hind \\ ing with vein 1 6 not forked. Legs without tufts of scales. 400. Eretmocera impactella, ink. Cat. xxix, p. 637 ; Wlsm. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1889, p. 34, pi. vi, fig. 18 j C. £ tS. no. 4939. Head and thorax cupreous ; collar, tegul®, metathorax, and abdomen yellow, the latter with the second, third, and terminal Fig. 135. — Eretmocera impactella, £ . (From Walsingham, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1889, pis. T. & vi.) segments cupreous. Fore Ming cupreous, with four yellow spots. Hind wing paler. Hab. N.E. India. Exp. 15 millim. SYNTGMID^E. 209 Family SYNTOMID.E. Small or medium-sized moths of semi-diurnal habit ; the palpi small and porrect. Antennae simple, ciliated, or peetinated, with Fig. 136. — Larva of Euckromia polymena, \. (From Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 94, fig. 6 a.) short dilated branches ; spurs on tibia? always short or wanting. Fore wing with vein 1 b forked at the base, 1 c absent. Hind wing with vein 8 obsolete, its position indicated by a slight fold. Larva : short and cylindrical, with thick, close, or sparse tufts of hair. Cocoon silken and closely woven. Key to the Genera. a. Hind wing with vein 6 wanting ; vein 2 present. a'. Hind wing with vein 5 absent. «2. Abdomen with the distal segments not dilated and hairy ; fore wing with vein 7 present. a3. Fore wing with vein 3 from before end of cell; 4 and 5 not stalked. [p. 209. a4. Hind wing with vein 3 wanting . . 1. SYNTOMOIDES, 64. Hind wing with vein 3 present. a5. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs. 2. SYNTOMIS, p. 212. bs. Hind tibia with one pair of spurs ; fore wing broader and more rounded 3. CALLITOMIS, p. 224. b3. Fore wing with vein 3 from end of cell ; 4 and 5 stalked 4. TRICHJETA, p. 225. 62. Abdomen with the distal segments dilated and hairy ; fore wing with vein 7 absent. 5. PSICHOTOE, p. 225. b'. Hind wing with vein 5 present 6. NACLIA, p. 226. b. Hind wing with vein 6 present, vein 2 absent . 7. EucimoMiA,p.226. Genus SYNTOMOIDES, nov. Type, $. imaon, Cram. Range. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma to Malacca and Sumatra. TOL. I. P 210 SYNTOMID^E. Mid tibiae with one pair of minute spurs, hind tibiae with two pairs. Fore wing with vein 3 from before end of cell, 4 and 5 from the end. Hind wing with vein 3 absent. SECT. I. Antennae almost simple in both sexes. A. Abdomen ivith two bands. 401 . Syntomoides imaon, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, p. 94, pi. 248 E ; C. fy S. no. 245. Syntomis approximata, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 79. Syntomis fusiformis, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1595. Syntomis sargania, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1879, p. 4 ; C. $ S. no. 259. Syntomis cupreipennis, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 347 ; C. 8f S. no. 229. Syntomis mota, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 134. Frons and collar yellow ; metathorax with a yellow streak ; ab- domen with the first yellow band sometimes obsolescent. Fore wing with the hyaline patches large, one filling the cell, another nearly the whole interno-mcdian inter- space, one at junction of veins 2 and 3, two subapical and two submarginal ; in some specimens there is a long streak between Fig. 137.— Syntomoides imaon, J. }. veins 5 and 6, which is the form 11 aincd N. snri/ania, in others it is reduced to a spot, and in others entirely wanting. Hind wing with a subbasal hyaline patch extending hardly, or not at all, beyond the cell. Tips of antennae and proximal joints of tarsi white. The spots of the fore wing vary considerably in size. Hob. Sikhiin ; Khasi Hills ; and throughout the plains of India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Sumatra. Esep. 34 millim. 402. Syntomoides godartii, Boisd. Mon. Zyg. p. 115, pi. 7, fig. 3; C. $ S. no. 241 . Syntomis fytchei, Moore, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 246 ; C. $ S. no. 239. Syntomis artina, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 347 ; C. 8f S. no. 221. Similar to imaon, except that the frons is yellowish or dirty white. Fore wing with the spot between veins 5 and 6 never present. Hind wing hyaline, with narrow black margins. Hoh. Sikhim; Khasis ; Nagas ; Matiipur ; Yunnan; Bengal; Ceylon; Coromandel; Malacca. Exp. 32 millim. 403. Syntomoides hydatina, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool xii, p. 346- C. 8f S. no. 244. $ . Differs from imaon in the markings of the fore wing being SYNTOMOIDES. 211 reduced to two widely-separated spots in the interno-median inter- space, a small subapical and two small submarginal spots. The last two may possibly be varieties of imaon. Hob. Calcutta ; Central India. Exp. 24 millim. B. Abdomen with five yellow bands. 404. Syntomoides hyalina, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 13 ; a $ S. no. 243. 2 . Frons white ; antennae black with white tips ; collar and thorax black ; abdomen with the distal segments steel-blue. Fore wing hyaline, with the veins black ; the margins narrowly black, widest at apex and centre of inner margin. Hind wing hyaline, with costa and outer margin broadly black, the latter dentate near vein 2 ; inner margin orange. Tarsi black. Hob. Sikhim ; Naga Hills. Exp. 40 millim. 405. Syntomoides volans, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 173, pi. vi, fig. 6. $ . Differs from hyalina in the frons being grey-brown and the tips of antennae not white. Nab. Karen Hills. Exp. 30 millim. SECT. II. Antennae bipectinated in male, the branches short and dilated distally, serrated in female. A. Abdomen with two yellow bands in male, one in female. 406. Syntomoides incipiens, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 68 ; C. $ S. no. 266. cJ . Black ; the frons, collar, and tegulae yellow. Fore wing with a subbasal, two medial, one subapical, and two submarginal hyaline spots. Hind wing with a subbasal joined to a submargiual spot. Tarsi black. $ with the end of abdomen dilated and with a tuft of ochreous hairs. Hob. S. India and Kanthalla, Ceylon. Exp. 17 millim. B. Abdomen wiiJi one basal yellow band in botli sexes. 407. Syntomoides brachypecten, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 157, fig. 23. cJ . Differs from incipiens in having the collar and tegulse black. Hab. Anuradhapura, Ceylon. Exp. 14 millim. P2 212 STNTOMID^E. C. Each segment of abdomen fringed with yellow. 408. Syntomoides microchilus, n. sp. Head, thorax, and abdomen brown ; collar, tegulae, and meta- thorax yellow; each segment of abdomen fringed with yellow. Frons yellow ; legs brown ; antennae white at tips. Fore wing hyaline ; a narrow, discocellular, brown band ; margins narrowly brown ; the outer marginal band widest from apex to vein 5 and betwreen veins 2 and 3. Hind wing hyaline, with narrow brown margins. Hab. Tenasserim Valley (Doherty). . Exp. 20 milliin. Type in coll. Druce. Genus SYNTOMIS. Syntomis, Ochs. Eur. Schmelt. ii. p. 103 (1808). Hydrusa, Wlk. Cat. i. p. 255 (1854). Eressa, Wlk. Cat. i. p. 149 (1854). Trianeura, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 353 (1876). Type, S. pliegea, Cram., from Europe. Range. Europe ; the whole of Africa and Asia ; Borneo ; Sumatra ; Java ; Australia. Differs from Syntomoides in having vein 3 of the hind wing present. Larva thickly covered with hair ; the cocoon hairy. SECT. I. Antennae almost simple in both sexes. A. With one yellow band to abdomen on sixth segment. 409. Syntomis unifascia, n. sp. $ . Frons white. Black shot with blue. Wings with the spots small. Fore wing with one subbasal, two medial, one subapical, and two submarginal hyaline spots. Hind wing with one subapical spot ; tarsi black. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 34 millim. Type in B. M. B. Abdomen with two yellow bands. 1. The frons yellow. 410. Syntomis atkinsoni, Moore, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 245, pi. 18, fig. 2; C. # S. no. 223. Collar black ; a yellow patch on metathorax. Fore wing with one subbasal, two medial, two subapical, and two submarginal hyaline spots. Hind wing with a large basal hyaline spot ; the inner margin yellow. Tips of antennae and first tarsal joints white. Hab. Sikhim ; Cachar ; Yunnan ; Burma ; Tenasserim. Exp. 30 millim. SYNTOMIS. 213 411. Syntomis bicincta, Koll HugeVs Kaschmir, iv. p. 460, pi. 19, fig. 8; C.SfS. no. 226. Collar black. Fore wing as in atkinsoni, except in having but one subapical spot. Hind wing with a subapical spot as well as subbasai. The spots of both wings are somewhat variable in size. Hab. Kulu ; Kangra ; Sikhim ; Khasi Hills. Exp., c? 30, $ 40 millim. 412. Syntomis cyssea, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv, p. 124, pi. 355 B ; no. 230. Syntomis schcenerrhi, Boisd. Mon. Zyg. p. 112, pi. 7, fig. 1. Collar yellow. The spots of both wings usually smaller than in bicincta, and often yellowish and with an extra spot between the two medial ones of fore wing. In some specimens there is a Fig. 138. small patch of white cilia near the apex tomis cyssea, $ . \. of fore wing. Hab. Himalayas, from Kangra to Sikhim ; Continental India and Ceylon. Exp. $ 32 millim. 413. Syntomis minor, Warren, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 294 ; C. $ S. no. 252 A. 3 . Wings with the hyaline spots very small. Fore wing with one subbasai, two medial, one subapical, and two submarginal spots. Hind wing with subbasai and subapical spots. Hab. Punjab. Exp. 20 millim. 414. Syntomis insueta, Swinh. Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. p. 41. £ . Wings shot with copper. Fore wing with only two hyaline spots, one in the cell, one in interno-median interspace. Hind wing with a subbasai spot. Hab. Barrackpore. Exp. 32 millim. 2. Thefrons black. 415. Syntomis georgina, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 345 ; C. $ S. no. 240. Syntomis cysseoides, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 346; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 35, pi. 95, fig. 1 ; C.$& no. 231. Similar to cyssea except for the black frons. The spots vary considerably in size. Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Continental India and Ceylon. 22-32 millim. 214 SYNTOMID^E. 416. Syntomis albapex, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, ined., pi. 157, fig. 1. c? . Fore wing with only two hyaline spots, one in interno- median interspace, one between veins 3 and 4 ; cilia conspicuously white below the apex. Hind wing with the two hyaline spots small. Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 34 millim. 417. Syntomis gelatina, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 43, pi. 139, fig. 1. 2 . Pore wing with a hyaline patch filling the cell, another the interno-median interspace ; two large subapical, and three sub- marginal spots. Hind wing hyaline, with black margins ; a black streak running up vein 2. This species has the greater part of the wings yellowish hyaline, the veins black. Hab. Nilgiris, 6000 feet. Exp. 26 millim. C. Abdomen with two yellow bands and lateral spots on the inter- mediate segments. 418. Syntomis extensa, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1863: C. & S. no. 237 ; Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, pi. 14:3, fig. 14. Frons and collar brown. Wings brown ; the fore wing much elongated with an oblique series of hyaline spots, one subbasal below median nervure, one filling the end of cell, sometimes with a small one below it, and two beyond the cell (in the Bombay specimen only one). Hind wing with a subbasal spot. Antennae tipped with white ; tarsi not white. Hab. Nilgiris, 6000-7000 feet; Bombay; Matberan ; Maba- bleshwar. Exp. 42-50 millim. 419. Syntomis lucina, Butl Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 345: C. 8f S. no. 250. Frons yellow. Antennae tipped with white ; first joint of tarsi white. Only differs from bicincta in the yellow lateral spots to abdomen ; in the Sikhini specimen the lateral pair of spots is expanded into a complete band on the segment next the second abdominal band. Hab. Sikhim ; Nepal. Exp. 34 millim. 420. Syntomis khasiana, Butl. Journ. Linn. Sec., Zool. xii, p. 345 ; C. $ S. no. 246. Differs from lucina in the tegulae being yellow ; the end of the abdomen bluish ; the hyaline spots of wings not yellowish. Hab. Khasi Hills. Exp., 3 30, $ 36 millim. SYNTOMIS. 215 D. Abdomen with four yellow bands ; the second and last three segments being without bands. The frons yellow. 421. Syntomis flavifrons, n. sp. d1 . Collar and tegulae yellow. Wings marked as in bicincta, but for the lower medial spot of the fore wing being larger and squarer. Tips of antenna? and first joint of tarsi white. Hob. Momeit, Burma, 2000 feet, June (Doherty}. Exp. 34 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 422. Syntomis quadrifascia, n. sp. $ . Collar and thorax black. Fore wing with the hyaline spots very large — one filling the whole cell, another almost the whole interno-median interspace; one long subapical streak, and two submarginal ones. Hind wing hyaline, with the veins and margins black ; a black streak running up vein 2. Tarsi black. Hob. Bernardmyo, Burma, 6000 feet, May (Doherty}. Exp. 38 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. E. Abdomen with six yellow bands ; the last two segments without bands. 1. The frons white. 423. Syntomis divisa, Wlk. Cat. i, p. 131 ; C. $ S. no. 236 ; Butl III Het. i, p. 16, pi. 6, tiff. 14. Syntomis disrupta, Moor*, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 845, pi. 53, fig. 5 ; C. & S. no. 235. Frons and genae white ; tegulae yellow ; yellow lateral spots on meso- and metathorax. Fore wing with the hyaline patch in the interno-median interspace broken up into two, sometimes three, spots ; one or two subapical and three marginal spots. Hind wing with a large subbasal patch and a subapical one traversed by vein 3 ; this patch being sometimes small, sometimes large, and joined to the subbasal patch. Proximal joints of tarsi white ; abdomen steel-blue. The hyaline spots vary much in extent : in Sikhim specimens they are smallest, one having only one subapical spot to the fore wing ; in examples from Sylhet they are larger ; largest in Bur- mese specimens, this last being the form named S. disrupta, Moore. Hob. Sikhirn ; Khasis ; Sylhet ; Burma. Exp. 36-40 millim. 424. Syntomis masoni, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 845, pi. 53, fig. 4 ; C. 8f S. no. 251. Differs from divisa in having the collar yellow ; the interno- 216 SYNTOMID.*:. median hyaline patch of fore wing entire ; the black border of hind wing not dentate at vein 2. Hob. Upper Tenasserirn. Exp. 50 millim. 425. Syntomis diaphana, Kott. HilgeTs Kaschmir, iv, p. 460, pi. 19, fig-. 7. Syntomis oenone, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 344 ; C. fy S. *no. 256. Collar, tegulae, and metathorax yellow. Tore wing with the interno-median hyaline patch unbroken ; two subapical streaks, one between veins 5 and 6 ; and three subrnarginal streaks. Hind wing with a large hyaline patch crossed by veins 1, 2, and 3 ; the margins black. Hal. Almorah; Mussooree; Kashmir; Sibsiigar; Burma. Kcp. 48 millim. 426. Syntomis xnelaena, Wlk. Cat. i, p. 133; C. $ S. no. iMi* ; Butl. 111. Het. i, p. 17, pi. 6, fig. 10. Two yellow streaks on vertex of thorax ; the first four abdo- minal bands white ; otherwise similar to diapltana. Hob. ? Simla ; Nepal ; Sikhitn ; Khasis ; Assam ; Shillong ; Burma. Exp., tf 50, $ 58 millim. 427. Syntomis albifrons, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 845, pi. 53, %. 6 ; C. $ S. DO. i>18. $ . Tegulae and streaks on vertex of thorax white ; bands on metathorax and abdomen yellow ; the first four abdominal bands narrow. Wings shot with purple. Pore wing with the hyaline patch in interno-median interspace not extending to near outer margin ; only a small spot between veins 2 and 3, and the sub- apical and submarginal spots smaller than in diaphana and metcena. Hab. Moineit, Burma; Tenasseriui. Exp. 60 millim. 2. Thefrons yellow. 428. Syntomis discinota, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 13 j C. $ S. no. 234. J . Frous pale yellow ; collar, tegulae, meso- and metathorax spotted with yellow ; abdomen with the bands incomplete on the vertex ; the black parts shot with green ; wings yellowish hyaline ; the veins and margins narrowly black ; the outer black margin dentated at vein 2 of both wings. First joint of tarsi white. In this species veins 5 and 6 of the fore wing are very close together, as also in sladeni, divisa, and others ; but as, in closely allied species, there is every gradation between the extremes of separation and approximation, this point is of no use in classifica- SYNTOMIS. 217 tion ; and in the same way the closeness with which vein 4 of the hind wing approaches the costa differs in allied forms. Hob. Khasi Hills ; Tenasserim. Exp. 40 millim. 429. Syntomis fervida, Wlk. Cat. i, p. 131 ; C. $ S. no. 238 ; Butl. III. Net. i, p. 18, pi. 6, fig. 16. $ . Frons orange ; the yellow markings on thorax and abdomen larger and brighter, the latter being nearly complete on the vertex. Wings with the base and inner margin orange ; the hyaline parts darker yellow than in discinota ; veins 5 and 6 of fore wing not so close together, and in some specimens with a black mark between them at their bases. First joint of tarsi white. Hub. Eastern Pegu ; Moulmein. Exp. 36-44 millim. 430. Syntomis newara, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 12 ; C. $• S. no. 254. $ . Bands of abdomen quite complete on vertex. Wings as in fervida, but not marked with orange at the base and inner margin. Fore wing with veins 5 and 6 far apart ; a black band on the discocellulars ; the black margin uneven, and running inwards at veins 2 and 3, and 5 and 6. Hind wing with the black margin very narrow. Legs almost entirely yellow ; tarsi not white. Hob. Bhutan ; Sikhim. Exp. 44 millim. F. Abdomen iviih a yellow land on each segment. 1. The tip of abdomen yellow. a. Frons brown. *431. Syntomis lepcha, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 12 ; C. $• S. no. 248. Collar and four thoracic stripes yellow ; abdominal bands narrow ; tip reddish. Wings yellowish hyaline ; veins and cilia black. Fore wing with an elongated black hexagonal streak at the end of cell and short apical marginal band dilated and ending at vein 6. Hind wing with marginal black band decreasing from apex. Tarsi not white. Hub. Sikhiin. Exp. 25 millim. b. The frons yellow. 432. Syntomis sladeni, Moore, P.Z.S. 1871, p. 245, pi. 18, fig. 5; C. 8f S. no. 261. Collar, tegulae, naeso- and metathorax yellow. Wings as in discinota. Tarsi white. Hob. Yunnan ; Bernardmyo, Burma ; E. Pegu. Ejcp. 36 millim. 218 SYNTOMID^E. 433. Syntomis grotei, Moore, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 245, pi. 18, ng. 4; C. # S. no. 242. 3 . Similar to sladeni, but fore wing with a black band across the interno-median hyaline space ; the spot between veins 2 and 3 not approaching the outer margin, and no streak between veins 5 and 6. Hob. Yunnan ; Upper Tenasserim. Exp. 36 inillim. 434. Syntomis vitrea, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1594 ; C. # S. no. 270. Syntomis austeni, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 389 ; C. $ S. no. 224. 2 . Differs from student in veins 2 and 3 of fore wing arising and running close together for their whole length, and the inter- space between 5 and 6 being wholly filled in by black ; the hyaline parts of both wings yellowish. S. davidi, Pouj., from Tibet, only differs from this species in veins 2 and 3 of fore wing not arising close together. Hab. N.E. Bengal ; Sylhet. Exp. 40 millim. 435. Syntomis submarginalis, Wlk. Char, undescr. Het. p. 89 ; C. % S. no. 262. Similar to grotei, except that the fore wing has yellow streaks along the costa and inner margin, and both wings have yellow marks beyond the submarginal hyaline spots ; these yellow marks are much more extensive in Sikhim specimens than in the Burmese one. Hab. Sikhim, 4000 feet ; Bernardmyo, Burma, 6000 feet. Krp. 36 millim. 436. Syntomis tigrina, Wlk. Cat. xxxi. p. 71. c? . Fore wing elongated. Hind wing with the inner margin expanded into a large lobe. Wings entirely yellow, with the cilia of both wings and veins of fore wing black. Marks on head, thorax, and abdomen as in preceding species. Hab. Burma ; Cambodia. Exp. 36 millim. 437. Syntomis chlorocera, n. sp. c? . Antennae wholly yellow and thickly scaled above. Fore wing with no subbasal spot, two large medial spots, one small sub- apical and a double submarginal spot. Hind wing with the sub- basal joined to the subapical spot and tinged with yellow. Tibiae and tarsi banded with yellow. Hab. Naga Hills. Exp. 20 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 2. Abdomen ivith the tip black. a. The frons yellow. 438. Syntomis luteifascia, n. sp. c? . Collar orange ; orange spots on meso-, meta-, and vertex of SYNTOMIS. 219 thorax ; abdomen with broad orange bands. The hyaline spots o£ both wings large, one filling the cell, one subbasal in the interno- median interspace, two subapical and four submarginal ; the one between veins 5 and 6 minute and near the outer margin. Hind wing with some orange on inner margin ; the subbasal and sub- apical hyaline spots connected togther. Hob. Naga Hills. Exp. 32-36 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 439. Syntomis berinda, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 845, pi. 53, fig. 8 ; C. $ S. no. 225. c? . Collar, tegulae, and metathorax spotted with orange ; abdo- men with narrow orange bands. Eore wing with five hyaline spots — one subbasal, two medial, one subapical, and a double submarginal one. Hind wing with a large hyaline yellow-tinged spot occupy- ing the greater part of the wing. Hab. Upper Tenasseriin. Exp. 30 millim. 440. Syntomis huebneri, Boisd. Mon. Zyg. p. 127, pi. 8, fig. 4; C. $ S. no. 296. Syntomis marsdeni, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. ii, p. 323. Syntomis xanthomela, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, p. 184. Syntomis contermina, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 78. Collar, tegulee, and metathorax orange ; abdominal orange bands broad. Pore wing with one subbasal, two medial, one or two sub- apical, and two submarginal hyaline spots. Hind wing with a large basal hyaline patch tinged with yellow towards inner margin, and two minute subapical spots. Hab. Bombay ; Singapore ; Java ; C. York. Exp. 22 millira. 441. Syntomis wimberleyi, Swirih. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 400, pi. 43, fig. 1. £ . Collar, tegulas, and metathorax yellow ; abdominal yellow bands rather narrow. Wings marked as in berinda, but yellow not hyaline. Hab. Andamans. Exp. 28 millim. b. Thefrons dark. 442. Syntomis passalis, Fabr. Sp. Ins. ii, p. 159 ; C. # S. no. 257. Syntomis creusa, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, p. 94, pi. 248 F ; Boisd. Mon. Zyg. p. 121, pi. 7, fig. 7. Syntomis montana, Bull. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 349 ; C.SfS. no. 253. Some traces of orange-red on vertex of thorax ; bands of abdo- men orange-red and rather narrow. Wings black, shot with purple. Fore wing with some orange-red at base and along inner margin ; the hyaline spots small, one subbasal, two medial, one subapical, and two submarginal. Hind wing with one small sub- marginal spot. 220 SYNTOMID.E. The form montana has all the spots rather larger, the two in the interno-median interspace of the fore wing being almost joined. Hob. Assam and throughout Continental India and Ceylon. Krp. 40 millim. 443. Syntomis formosae, ButL Joum. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 346. Syntomis emma, ButL Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 350. Collar yellow ; thorax black ; abdominal yellow rings narrow. Fore wing with one subbasal, two medial, one or two subapical, and a double submarginal rather small hyaline spot. Hind wing with the large subbasal joined to the subapical spot. Hob. China ; Formosa ; Margarita, Assam ; E. Pegu, 2000 feet. d 26, $ 28 millhn. 444. Syntomis eressoides, n. sp. $ . Collar yellow ; thorax black ; abdomen with the yellow bancN rather narrow. Fore wing hyaline, with a black discocellular band ; veins and margins black ; outer black margin broad from apex to vein 5, and dentate at vein 2. Hind wing hyaline, with the veins and margins black ; apex broadly black. Hab. Momeit, Burma. J&rp. 28 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. c. TJie from ivJiite. 445. Syntomis cherra, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 12 ; C. $ S. no. 228. c? . Brownish black, pro- and metathorax with an orange spot on each ; abdomen with an orange band on each segment. Fore wing with a long hyaline streak in the cell ; another below it ; two subapical and two submarginal streaks. Hind wing hyaline, with the apex and outer margin dark. Hab. Khasi Hills. Evp. 36 millim. SECT. II. (Hydrusa). Antennae serrated in male, and simple in female. 446. Syntomis multigutta, Wlk. Cat. i, p. 134 ; C. $ S. no. 268; ButL III. Ret. i, pi. 7, ng. 3. Head, vertex of thorax, and spots on vertex and sides of abdo- men blue-black in male, black in female ; collar, tegulae, and abdomen scarlet. Wings yellow hyaline ; the veins and margins black. In some specimens the black on apex of fore wing and outer margin of hind wing is broad, and every gradation to a narrow, even, marginal band to both wings is found. Hab. Nepal ; Sikhim ; Tibet; Burma. Exp., rf $ , 25-26 millim. SYNTOMIS. 221 447. Syntomis blanchardi, Pouj. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1884, p. cxxxvi. c? . Differs from multigutta in the thorax having paired pale streaks on each side of the vertex ; the ground-colour of abdomen pale, crimson towards the apex below. Wings with the hyaline parts not yellowish. Fore wing with the outer margin excurved from veins 2 to 5 ; a broad black band on the discocellulars ; the apical black band extending down to vein 4, and sending a tooth inwards along vein 5. Hind wing with the apical band rather narrow and extending only to vein 2. Hob. China; Sikhira. ' Exp. 24 millim. 448. Syntomis nigra, n. sp. . Differs from baicea in having two yellow streaks on vertex of thorax ; no yellow patch on last segment of abdomen ; the mar- gins narrowly black, the outer margin rather broadly and irregu- larly so ; the veins yellow, some yellow within the black margins ; a black lunule on discocellulars. Hind wing with the veins and margins yellow ; the outer margin black, decreasing in width from apex to anal angle. Hah. Khasi Hills. Exp. 50 millim. 454. Syntomis musa, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 290, pi. 20, fig. !;(?.£& no. 274. Eressa politula, Sivinh. Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., ined. Dull black; a large yellow spot on prothorax and streak on metathorax ; abdomen with yellow spots on vertex and sides of STXTOMIS. 223 each segment ; female with an ochreous anal tuft. Fore wing with a hyaline spot in cell ; one in interno-median interspace, and one in each marginal interspace. Hind wing with a hyaline patch on disk, divided into four by the veins. Hob. Kangra ; Naga Hills ; Bombay ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Burma. Exp., c? 26, $ 34 millim. 455. Syntomis confinis, Wlk. Cat. i, p. 149 ; C. 8f S. no. 273. c? . Differs from musa in the tip of antennae being white ; in having no yellow streak on the metathorax, and the hyaline patch in the interno-median interspace of fore wing extending to near outer margin. Hab. Almora ; Kulu. Exp. 24 millim. 456. Syntomis subaurata, Wlk. Cat. i, p. 149 ; C. $ S. no. 275 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 36, pi. 95, fig. 4. Differs from musa in being smaller, and in the interno-median hyaline patch of fore wing extending to near base of wing. Hab. Ceylon and ? Calcutta. Exp. 20 millim. 457. Syntomis affinis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 596, pi. 59, fig. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 272.' c? . Ground-colour darker than in preceding three species : the spot and streak on thorax bright orange ; spots of fore wing smaller, and in hind wing reduced to a small spot beyond the cell. Hab. Andamans : ?Travancore, Calcutta, and Khasi Hills. Exp. 22 millim. *458. Syntomis aterea, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv. p. 240, pi. 400 A ; C. $ S. no. 222. c? . Abdomen with two yellow bands. Fore wing with minute subbasal and subapical, two small medial, and two small submar- ginal hyaline spots. Hind wing with a small subbasal spot. This species may not be Indian. Hab. Coromandel coast. Exp. <$ about 20 millim. B. Abdomen with crimson bands. 459. Syntomis erythrosoma, n. sp. d1 . Head and thorax black ; collar and tegulae pale crimson ; abdomen greenish black, the basal and fifth segments banded with crimson, the intervening segments with ventral crimson bauds. Wings hyaline, the veins and margins narrowly black ; fore wing 224 STNTOMID^E. with a black spot on discocellulars, and black marginal patches between veins 2 and 3, 5 and 6, and at apex. Hob. Matelei, Burma (Fea). Exp. 22 millim. Type in Mus. Geneva. 460. Syntomis pectoralis, Wlk. Cat. i, p. 133 ; C. fy S. no. 258. Black, with the frons, tegulae, and tip of antenna white ; first three segments of abdomen crimson. Fore wing with a milky hyaline patch filling the greater part of the subbasal and medial areas ; two subapical and two submarginal spots. Hind wing hyaline, with narrow black margins. Hob. Moulmein ; E.Pegu; Cambodia. Krp. 26 millim. 461. Syntomis thoracica, Moore, A.M.N. H. (4) xx, 1877, p. 343 ; id. Lep. Ceyl ii, p. 38, pi. 95, fig. 7 ; C. $ S. no. 304. Differs from pectoralis in the pectinations of the male antennae being longer ; the frons and tegulae black, and only the first two segments of the abdomen being crimson. Hind wing with the veins black. Hob. Ceylon. Exp., 3 26, $ 28 millim. Genus CALLITOMIS. Callitomis, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 351 (1876). Type, C. syntomoides, Butl. Range. Kashmir ; Sikhim ; Naga Hills. Antennae with minute spines as well as cilia ; hind tibia) with a terminal pair of spurs only ; wings much broader than in Syntomis. 462. Callitomis syntomoides, Butl Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 351 j C. 8f S. no. 264. Fig. 139. — Callitomis syntomoides, jc. 1891, p. 133, pi. viii, fig. 1. Blue-black ; antennae with the distal part white ; abdomen with two yellow bands. Fore wing with a small subbasal, two large medial, one subapical, and two submarginal hyaline spots. Hind wing with a large basal hyaline patch crossed by the subcostal and median veins and a submarginal spot crossed by veins 4 and 6. Hob. N". Canara ; Trincomali, Ceylon. Exp. 44 millim. SECT. II. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from angle of cell. 469. Euchromia polymena, Linn. Sijst. Nat. i, pt. 2, p. 806 ; C. $ S. no. 287 j Moore, Lep. Ceyl ii, pi. 94, figs. 6, 6 a (larva). Black ; head with blue spot on the vertex ; the frons white ; tegulse with a white spot; collar and 1st, 4th, and 5th abdominal segments crimson, the 2nd, 3rd, and 6th edged with metallic blue. Fig. 143. — Euchromia polymena, $ . \. Fore wing with a basal metallic blue spot and two at end of cell; large orange subbasal, bifid medial, and quadrifid postmedial orange spots. Hind wing with trifid basal and quadrifid post- medial orange spots. Coxes of fore legs and three spots on pectus white. Larva reddish, with red tubercles ; long anterior and posterior tufts of hair and shorter dense medial dorsal tufts : feeds on Con- volvulacece. Pupa in a hairy cocoon. Hob. Plains of India; Nagas ; Malabar ; Ceylon ; Andamans ; China ; Penang ; Ternate ; Celebes. Ecep., d" 44, $ 52 millim. 470. Euchromia orientalis, Butl Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii. p. 364 : C. # S. no. 286. Euchromia fraterna, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 364; C. $ S. no. 283 A. Similar to polymena, but with the 6th abdominal segment also crimson, in the form named fraterna only edged with crimson. A variety occurs which has the red collar and abdominal rings 228 ZYOJEKIDJF. turned to orange or yellow ; the two yellow spots below the cell of the fore wing may be conjoined or separate. Hab. Burma. \Krp.44-50millim. 471, Euchromia laura, Butl Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 3G4 ; C. $ S. no. 285. cJ . Differs from orientalis in having the tegulae blue and no subbasal orange spot to fore wing. The locality is doubtful, and it may not be Indian. Hab. E. India? Exp. 50 milliin. *472. Euchromia amcena, Moschl. Stettin. Ent. Zeit. 1872, p. 350 ; C. $S. no. 281. $ . The 1st abdominal segment white, the 4th and 5th gold«-n yellow. Fore wing with the subbasal yellow spot in interno-median interspace joined to the medial spot. Nearest to the Javan horsfieldi, Moore, and possibly not Indian. Hab. ? Sylhet. Exp. 44 millim. Tlie following species formerly recorded as Indian are omitted. Syntomis cerbera, Linn., C. & S. no. 227, is S. African. Syntomis latreillii, Boisd., C. & S. no. 247, is from Java and Amboina. Syntomis libera, AVlk., C. & S. no. 249, is from Malacca. Syntomis ochsenheimeri, Boisd., C. & S. no. 255, is from the Congo. Syntomis siamica, Wlk., C. & S. no. 200, is from Siam. Syntomis diptera, Fabr., C. & S. no. 233 — Fore wing with five hyaline spots, hind wing with a yellow spot. Hab. E. India — is too vague for identification. Euchromia creusa, Linn. = thelebas, Cram., C. & S. nos. 283, 290, is from Celebes, Ceram, Gilolo, Australia. Euchromia rhebus, Cram., C. & S. no. 288, is African. Euchromia siamensis, Butl., C. & S. no. 289, is not Indian. Family ZYG^ENID^E. Closely allied to the Syntomida;, but distinguished by vein 1 c of the fore wing being present, except in Anomceotes ; vein 8 of the hind wing present and connected with 7 by a bar ; vein lets in the cell of both wiugs generally present. Frenulum present, except in Himantopterus. Larva short and cylindrical or fusiform. Pupa in a silken cocoon. 229 Key to the Subfamilies. a. Mouth-parts present. a ' . Antenna) not fiabellate at tip 1. Zyycenince. b'. Antennae highly or somewhat flabellate at tip. 2. Chalcosiince. b. Mouth-parts wanting 3. Phaudince. Subfamily ZYG^NINJE. Small or medium-sized moths, of semidiurnal habit and rather elongate narrow wings. Antennae simple, ciliated, or pectinated, Fig. 144. — Larva of Zygana filipendula. {. with short branches. Palpi short and porrect. Legs with the spurs almost always minute or wanting. Larva short and cylindrical. Pupa in a close-woven silken cocoon. Key to the Genera. a. Antennae dilated distally. Fore wing with veins 9, 10, 11 stalked together 1. ZYGJENA, p. 230. b. Antennas not dilated distaliy. . «'. Fore wing with all the veins from the cell. a2. Hind wing with vein 6 absent. a3. Wings short and broad. #*. Hind wing with all the veins from the cell. a5. Hind tibiae with one pair of spurs; antennae of male with [p. 231. few branches 2. DENDROCERA, b5. Hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs ; antennae of male with [p. 232. many branches 3. CHRYSARTONA, b4. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 [p. 233. stalked 4. BRACHARTONA, b3. Wings long and narrow. a4. Hind wing with vein 5 remote from 7. «s. Fore wing very narrow ; an- tennae of male pectinated. a6. Palpi long 6. ARTONA, p. 234. be. Palpi very short 7. TASEMA, p, 236. b5. Fore wing broader; antennae of male simple 18. AR^OCERA, p. 244. b4. Hind wing with, vein 5 arising close to 7 19. ARACHOTIA, p. 245. c3. Fore wing produced at apex and broad 13. PHACUSA, p. 240. 230 ZIGJEXIDJE. £2. Hind wing with rein 6 present. «3. Abdomen not tufted at end. a4. Hind wing long and narrow .... 14. GOE, p. 242. ft4. Hind wing broad and rounded 12. CLELEA, p. 239. b*. Abdomen tufted at end 8. LOPHOSOMA, p. 237. I). Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 stalked. Hind wings with veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 2, 3, 4 from lower angle of cell; 5 from upper angle ; palpi upturned ; legs [p. 233. with long spurs 5. CALLARTONA, c'. Fore wing with veins 8 and 9 stalked. [p. 238. a2. No veinlets in the cell 9. MONOSCHALIS, b-. Veinlets in the cell of both wings 17. PLATYZYGJENA, d'. Fore wing with veins 8, 9, 10 stalked. [p. 243. a2. Hind wing with all the veins from the cell 10. THYRASSIA, p. 238. b2. Hind wing with vein 2 from angle of cell ; veins 3, 4, 5 stalked 11. PROCOTES, p. 239. e' '. Fore wing with veins 5, 6, 7 stalked to- gether. Hind wing with veins 2 and 5 [p. 24^. absent 15. EPHKMF.ROIDEA, /'. Fore wing with veins 9 and 10 stalked . . 10. PIAROSOMA. p. 243. Genus ZYG^NA. Zygama, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 650 (1775). Type, Z.filipendula?, Linn., from Europe. Itange. The whole Palsearctic region, including Afghanistan, the Himalayas, and Japan ; S. Africa. Antennae simple and dilated distally into a club, the tip pointed. Fore wing with veins 9, 10, 11 stalked. Hind wing with all the veins from the cell. Legs with no spurs. A. Fore winy with yellow spots. 473. Zygaena cashmirensis. Koll. HiigeTs Kaschmir, iv, p. 459, pi. 19, tig. 6; C. $S. no. 213. Zygsena asoka, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 389 ; C. £ S. no. 212. Fore wing black shot with green, with five yellow spots. Hind wing crimson, with some black on the costa near the base and a Fig. 145. — Zygcena cashmirensis, $ . \. black medial band which may be broken at middle ; margin black, narrow at middle. A pair of yellow lateral spots on the collar. . — DEtfDEOCEBA. 231 Male with three, female with two crimson rings on the terminal segments of abdomen. In the var. asolca the spots on fore wing are smaller. Hiad wing with black the predominant colour, the crimson being reduced to patches. Males from Nepal in the British Museum are exactly intermediate between the two forms. Hob. Kashmir; Kangra ; Punjab; Nepal. Exp., <$ 30, $ 38 millim. 474. Zygaena erythrosoma, n. sp, $ . Differs from typical cashmirensis in being without the yellow spots on the collar, and in having the whole of the terminal segments of the abdomen crimson. Hal. Almora. Exp. 36 millim. Type in B. M. B. Fore winy with red spots. 475. Zygaena afghana, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 286, pi. vii a, fig. 1 ; C.SfS. no. 211. 2 • Fore wing with the spots red, with narrow white edges and very large, the basal spot occupying the whole base of wing ; the iuterno-median spot joined to the subcostal one. Hind wing red, with narrow black border. Collar and abdomen, except basal seg- ments, red. Nab. Afghanistan ; Quetta. Exp. 28 millim. Genus DENDROCERA. Dendrocera, Hmpsn. III. Set. ix, ined. Type, D. guadripunctata^ Hmpsn. Range. Ceylon. Antennae bipectinated in male, simple in female, the branches in the former sex widely separated, the secondary branches standing out from them in the same plane. Palpi porrect and of moderate length. Mid and hind tibia) with one pair of spurs. Wings shoit and broad. Hind wing with the upper portion of cells shorter than the lower ; vein 6 absent. 476. Dendrocera quadripunctata, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 157, fig. 2. Fig. 146. — Dendrocera quadripunctata, 232 Purplish fuscous. Fore wing with two antemedial and two postmedial ochreous spots. Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 14 millim. Genus CHRYSARTONA. Chrysartona, Swinh. Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. p. 56, ined. Type, G. stipata, Wlk. Range. Himalayas and Burma. Antenna bipectinated in male, simple in female. Palpi short and porrect. Mid tibia? with one pair of minute spurs, hiud tibia3 with two pairs. Wings short and broad ; all the veins from the cell ; hind wing with vein 6 absent. In Procris, to which stipata has been referred, vein 6 of the hind wing is present. 477. Chrysartona stipata, Wlk. Cat. i, p. 114; Bull III. Het. i, p. 13, pi. 7, fig. 9; C. $ S. no. 214. Head, thorax, legs, the base of costa of fore wings above, and of both wings below metallic coppery green or blue. Wings black : fore wing with two antemedial and two postmedial white spots : Fig. 147. — Chrysartona stipata, <$. \. hind wing with a single or double antemedial and one post- medial spot; cilia white at apex of both wings and anal angle of hind wing. Abdomen black, banded with white below. Hab. Kangra; Sikhim ; Bernardmyo, Burma. JErp., <$ 18, $20 millim. 478. Chrysartona refulgens, n. sp. £ . Head, thorax, and abdomen suffused with metallic copper ; underside of thorax metallic copper and green; abdomen with whitish bands. Wings black ; fore wing with a coppery spot at base ; two large yellow antemedial spots and two postmedial ; hind wing with a yellow patch on inner area from base to near anal angle and 'a large spot beyond the cell. Hab. Matelei, Burma (Fea). Exp. 26 millim. Type in Mus. Genova. BEACHABTONA. — CALLAETONA. 233 Genus BRACHARTONA. Brachartona, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 44 (1891). Type, B. quadrimaculata, Moore. Mange. N.W. Himalayas ; Tenasserim. Antennae bipectinated in the male, ciliated in the female. Fore wing with veins 8 and 9 from cell. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 6 absent. SECT. I. Male with antennae long, the branches slender. 479. Brachartona quadrimaculata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 390 ; C. 8f S. no. 298. Dull purplish black. Fore wing with a large ochreous spot beyond the cell. Hind wing with an ochreous streak beyond the cell, curving up to the costa beyond it. Hob. Mussooree; Kangra; Dharmsala. ExP- 18 millim. Sect. II. Male with short antennae, the branches stout and decreasing to apex. 480. Brachartona catoxantha, n. sp. tf . Upperside uniform dark brown ; f'rons and palpi yellow, the former with a black spot at middle ; underside of the thorax, abdomen, and the legs yellow. Fore wing brown below, with yellow patches on the costa at base and apex ; hind wing brown ; the costal area yellow, the veins on it black. Hab. Tenasserim Valley (DoTierty). Exp. 16 millim. Type in coll. Druce. Genus CALLARTONA, nov. Type, C.purpurascens, Hmpsn. Range. Nilgiris. Palpi upturned, reaching the top of head. Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 stalked. Hind wing with veins 2, 3, and 4 from close to the lower end of cell, 5 from near upper end, 6 and 7 stalked. Tibiae of mid and hind legs with the spurs long. 481. Callartona purpurascens, Hmpsn. El. Het. viii, p. 44, pi. 139, fig- 4. $ . Black, with a brilliant purple shot ; head and tegulae yellow. 234 Fore wing with two large yellow triangular spots on the costa. Hind wing with a yellow streak below the cell, curving up to the costa beyond it. Legs yellow. Hal. JSilgiris, W. slopes, 3000 feet. Rrp. £ 22 milliin. Fig. 149. — Callartona purpurascens, $ . \. Genus ARTONA. Artona, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 439 (1854). Balatsea, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 110 (1864). Biutha, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 127 (18(54). llhaphidognatha, Feld. Wien. Ent. Man. vi, p. 31 (1862). Type, A. discivitta, Wlk. Ranc/e. Amur ; China ; Japan ; Himalayas ; South Indian Hills ; Hills; Burma; Perak; Java; Amboinn. AnteniUB bipectinated in male, minutely ciliated in female, tin? distal portion slighter. Palpi long and porm-t. Fore wing very narrow, with all the veins from the cell. Hind wing with vein f> from middle of discocellulars, vein 6 absent. Mid and hind tibia3 with a terminal pair of minute spurs. A. Abdomen with no yellow. 482. Artona postvitta, Moore, L. 20 millim. 483. Artora postalba, Elwes, P.Z. S. 1890, p. 379, pi. xxxii,fig. 16. <5 . Brown. Fore wing with a slight yellow streak from the base ; two medial and two postmedial yellow spots : cilia pale yellow. Hind wing with the disk white ; cilia blackish. Hal. Sikhim, 12,000 feet. Eay>. 18 millim. B. Abdomen of male black, with yellow segmental lands ; female yellow above. 484. Artona discivitta, Wlk. Cat. ii. p. 440; C. fy S. no. 293: JButl. 111. Het. v, pi. 84, fig. 8. c? . Dark purplish brown ; head at sides and tegula3 yellow. Fore wing with a yellow streak from base to end of cell ; a spot ABTONA. 235 beyond and rather above the cell. Hind wing with a yellow streak below the cell and a spot beyond it. Cilia dark. Hob. Almora ; Nilgiris ; Shevaroys. Exp. 20 millim. 485. Artona zebraica, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 356 ; id III. Het. v, pi. 84, fig. 9 ; C. # S. no. 299. Artona fulvida, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 356 ; C. $ S. no. 295. Artona nigrescens, Butl. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xii, p. 356 ; C. fy S. no. 300. c? . Fore wing with a subcostal as well as the medial streak from the base, and both interrupted at middle ; a spot below the end of the cell, and two postmedial spots. Hind wing with the whole basal area yellow, except a costal dark streak ; outer margin dark. Fig. 150. — Artona zebraica, J. \. 5 . The abdomen yellow above, with a narrow black line on the first two segments ; the eighth segment with the sides black, and sometimes also the vertex. Some males have the abdomen coloured as in the females. In Mandi, Moulmein, and Kangra specimens the cilia are dark, in those from the Naga Hills and Perak the tips are yellow. Hob. Kulu ; Mandi; Kangra; Sikhim; Nagas ; Perak. Exp. 20-24 millim. 486. Artona zebra, Elwes, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 379, pi. xxxii, fig. 11. (S . Differs from zebraica in the subcostal and medial streaks of the fore wing being short and each followed by a large spot ; a subapical elongate spot ; no spot below the end of cell. Hind wing with two yellow streaks from the base. Cilia yellow, brown at apex of both wings. Hob. Sikhim, 11,000 feet. Exp. 18 millim. 487. Artona sikkimensis, Efaes, P.Z.S. 1890, p. 379, pi. xxxii, fig. 17. c? . Fore wing with the subcostal yellow streak, the spot below end of cell, and subapical elongate spot only. Hind wing with one streak from base. Cilia dull yellow. Hob. Sikhim, 12,000 feet. Exp. 21 millim. 236 488. Artona COnfusa, Butl Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool xii, p. 357 ; id. III. Het. v, pi. 84, fig. 10 ; C. fy S. no. 292. c? . The abdomen banded with black. AntennaB with the tips yellow; head black; collar and tegulae yellow. Pore wing with the subcostal and medial basal streaks ; the subapical and post- medial spots single and very large. Hind wing yellow, with broad black border. $ . The abdomen yellow, with the last two segments black, the tips yellow. Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exp. 26 millim. Genus TASEMA. Tasema, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1597 (1856). Type, T. bipars, Wlk. Range. Kangra ; Naga Hills ; Calcutta ; Burma. Antennae bipectinated in male, simple in female. Palpi very short. Fore wing narrow, the outer margin erect ; all the veins from the cell. Hind wing with vein 6 absent. 489. Tasema bipars, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1597 ; C. $ S. no. 216. Fig. 151.— Tasema bipars, tf. \. (S . Black. Hind wing hyaline ; the costal area and margins black. Hab. Kangra ; Na'gas. Rep. 16 millim. 490. Tasema longipennis, n. sp. d" . Fore wing longer, with outer margin more oblique than in bipars. Hind wing more thickly clothed with black hair-like scales. Hab. Bernardmyo, Burma, 6000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 20 millim. Type in coll. Ehves. 491. Tasema fuliginosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 14; C. $ S. no. 294. Dark brown ; the antennae, palpi, costa, and discocellulars of fore wing black. Hab. Calcutta. Exp., 3 15, $ 17 millim. TASEMA. — LOPHOSOMA. 237 492. Tasema nigra, n. sp. c? . Differs from fuligmosa in being uniform smoky black, not brown. $ . The pectinations of antennae shorter than in fuliginosa ; end of abdomen with a tuft of ochreous hairs. Hob. Bernardmyo, Burma (Doherty). Exp., £ 15, $ 17 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus LOPHOSOMA. Lophosoma, Sivinh. Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. p. 59, ined. Type, L. cupreum, "Wlk. Range. Himalayas; Bengal; Ganjam ; Andamans. Antennae bipectinate in male, simple in female, the terminal portion thinner. Palpi short and porrect. Wings narrow ; outer margin of fore wing oblique ; hind wing with vein 6 present. Mid tibia with one pair, hind tibia with two pairs of minute spurs. Abdomen with lateral tufts of hair on terminal segments. 493. Lophosoma cupreum, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1596; C. $ S. no. 301. Frons, genae, and a few of the scales on collar and tegulae golden metallic. Antennae, vertex of head, thorax, and fore wing dark brown, shot with blue, especially in Sikhim specimens ; metathorax metallic cop- per; abdomen purplish, with cop- pery bands to each segment ; lateral tufts black, with a purple gloss. Fig. 152.— Lophosoma Fore w*ng w^ basal hyaline streaks cupreum, tf . |. below the costa and median nervure ; a hyaline spot at end of cell and one below it. Hind wing hyaline, with the costa and outer margin black. Tascia, "Wlk., type cTirysoletus, in which this species has been placed, is a very distinct African genus. Hob. Kulu ; Sikhim ; Andamans. Exp. 24 millim. 494. Lophosoma quadricolor, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1596 ; C. & S no. 302. c?. Head, thorax, and fore Mings brown, shot with green. Hind wing with the costal area fuscous, the rest hyaline. Abdo- men copper-coloured, the last two segments purplish. Hob. Bengal ; Ganjam. Exp. 20 millim. 238 Genus MONOSCHALIS. Monoschalis, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined. Type, M. virescens^ Hmpsn. Range. Ceylon. d1 . The antennae bipectinated. Palpi short and porrect, Tibiae with no spurs. Fore wing with veins 8 and 9 stalked. Hind wing with vein 6 present. 495. Monoschalis virescens, Hmpsn. HI Het. ix, ined., pi. 157, fig. 11. . j. Hind wing with the costa white above ; a hyaline patch filling the lower part of the cell and interspaces below and beyond ; the veins, margins, and inner lobe of wing black. Pectus with ochreous spots. Hob. Sikhim; Naga Hills. Ea-p., <$ 35, $ 44millim. 515. Arachotia vespoides, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 390; C. $ S. no. 394. 5 . Antennse black ; palpi yellow with black tips. Frons grey ; abdomen with yellow bands on the first six segments above, grey below. Wings hyaline, yellow at base ; fore \ving with the margins, the subcostal, median, and discocellular veins black, the marginal band dentated at vein 2. Hind wing with the costa white, the marginal band black and dentated at vein 2. Hob. N. India. Exp. 40 millim. 246 Subfamily CHALCOSIIN^. The antennae bipectinated to the tips in both sexes, more heavily in the male than the female, the branches dilated distally ; the tip of antenna somewhat flabellate. Palpi minute and porrect. Fore Fig. 164. — Larva of Trypanophora taprobancs. |. (From Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii. pi. 95, fig. 8 a.) wing with a veinlet in the cell more or less developed. Mid and hind tibiae with minute terminal pairs of spurs. Larva short and thick with tubercles, from which arise short hairs, and forming a close cocoon. Key to the Genera. a. Win gs not uniformly semi-diaphanous, a'. Fore wing with the cell long. a2. Fore wing with no veiulets between vein 12 and the co.^ta. a3. Fore wing with the veins nearly straight. a4. Wings long and Zyganiform-j hind wing with all the veins from the cell, a5. Fore wing with veins 9 and 10 stalked 1. CALLIZYG^ENA, p. 248. b5. Fore win«r with veins 7, 8, and 9 stalked 2. TRYPANOPHORA, p. 249. b*. Wings long but considerably broader. a5. Hind wing with all the veins from the cell. a6. Fore wing with vein 7 given off further from the cell than 9 8. HERPA, p. 257. b6. Fore wing with vein 7 given off nearer the cell than 9. «7. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked a8. Fore wing with vein 11 anastomosing with 12. 9. PINTIA, p. 258. b9. Fore wing with vein 11 not anastomosing with 12. CHALCOSIIN/E. 247 a". Fore wing with vein 6 absent, 7 from cell, 8 and 9 stalked. 3. PHLEBOHECTA, p. 251. i9. Fore wing with vein 6 present, 7, 8, and 9 stalked 4. SORITIA, p. 251. c9. Fore wing with veins 6, 7, 8, and 9 stalked together 10. HETERUSIA, p. 259. b7. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 from cell 5. PIDORUS, p. 254. c*. Hind wing broader and more rounded. b*. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 not stalked. ae. Fore wing with vein 11 not anastomosing with 12. a7. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 from cell. a8. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 on a long stalk ; c? with large claspers. 11. MILLERIA, p. 262. b*. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 on a short or no stalk ; c? with small claspers 12. CHAI/COSIA, p. 264. d7. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked 13. CORMA, p. 268. Z»6. Fore wing with vein 11 anastomosing with 12. a7. Fore wing with vein 6 from below angle of cell. 15. POMPELON, p. 271. ff. Fore wing with vein 6 from angle of cell or stalked with 7, 8, and 9. 14 CYCLOSIA, p. 269. <2*. Wings very short and broad. a5. Fore wing with vein 11 not anastomosing with 12 6. HETEROPAN, p. 250. IP. Fore wing with vein 11 anas- tomosing with 12 7. ARBUDAS, p. 257. *4. Wings long and very broad; fore wing with the apex square ; veins 7, 8, and 9 stalked; tf with claspers very large 16. AMESIA, p. 272. 3. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 much curved. a4. Fore wing with vein 3 not stalked with 4 and 5. as. Fore wing with vein 10 not stalked with 7, 8, and 9 17. ERASMIA, p. 273. &, Fore wing with vein 10 stalked with 7, 8, and 9 19. CADPHISES, p. 275. i4. Fore wing with vein 3 stalked with 4 and 5 ; 10 with 7, 8, and 9. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked, and all these much curved 18. CAMPYLOTES, p. 274. 248 b'2. Fore wing with veinlets between vein 12 and the costa. a3. Fore wing not produced at apex ; veins 6, 7, 8, and 9 stalked to- gether. a4. Fore wing with no bar between veins 1 b and c ; the stalk of veins 7, 8, and 9 much curved ; veins 10 and 11 anastomosing with 12 20. ISBARTA, p. 27G. b*. Fore wing with a bar between veins 1 b and c ; stalk of veins 7, 8, and 9 not much curved ; vein 10 not anastomosing with 12 21. CALLAMESIA, p. 277. b3. Fore wing much produced at apex, the outer margin very oblique; veins 7, 8, and 9 stalked. a4. Hind wing rounded 22. GYNAUTOCERA, p. 278. b4. Hind wing with outer margin extremely produced 23. HISTIA, p. 27 b'. Fore wing with the cell short; veins 4 and 5 stalked ; 6, 7, 8, and 9 stalked ; hind wing with vein 6 absent 24. CANEROES, p. 281. b. The wings uniformly semi-diap]iaiimi< : fore wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked, and 7, 8, 9 stalked. a'. Fore wing narrow and rounded at apex 25. PHILOPATOR, p. 281. b'. Fore wing shorter and quadrate 26. AGALOJ-K, ]>. c'. Fore wing ]ong and quadrate. a2. Hind wing not produced into a tail. . 27. CHF.LUJM, p. : b'2. Hind wing produced into a tail 28. ELCYSMA. p. -J84. Genus CALLIZYG^NA. Callizygama, Feld. Reis. Nov., Het. Erk. pis. 75-107, p. 2 (187-".). Type, C. nwimacula, Feld. Range. The Peninsula of India and Ceylon. Antennae bipectinated in both sexes. Palpi short and ponvct. Fore wing with veins 9 and 10 stalked. Hind \ving with vein 6 given off from discocellulars. Abdomen of male with thick lateral tufts of hair. Shape as in Zyycemnce. 516. Callizygaena nivimacula, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 83, fig. 4; C. fy S. no. 291. $ . Black ; collar, and 2nd, 3rd, and 6th segments of abdomen crimson above. Wings blackish fuscous ; fore wing with a slight greenish tinge ; a large white spot at end of cell. Fig. \fto.—Ca.UizygcEna Hal). Trincomali, Ceylon. Exp. 30 nivimacula, $ . \. millim. CALLIZYG^NA. TRYPANOPHORA. 249 517. Callizygaena auricincta, Swinh. Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. p. 62. cJ . Black ; the shaft of antennae, head, prothorax, and tegulse metallic blue ; collar crimson ; abdomen with the 3rd, 4th, and last three segments golden above ; the lateral tufts black. Fore wing irrorated with metallic-blue scales, especially near the base of costa ; a large white spot at end of cell. Hind wing fuscous hyaline. Hob. Nilgiris. Exp. 26 rnillim. 518. Callizygsena gana, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 133, pi. viii, fig. 12. cJ . Differs from auricincta in the lateral tufts of the abdomen being crimson. Nab. Ganjam. Exp. 28 millim. Genus TRYPANOPHORA. Trypanophora, Kollar, HuyeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 457 (1848). Type, T. semihyalina, Koll. Range. China ; India, Burma, and Ceylon. Antennae with the pectinations short ; very short in female. Palpi minute and porrect. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, and 9 stalked, either 7 or 9 being given off furthest from the cell. Hind wing with vein 6 absent. 519. Trypanophora semihyalina, Koll HiigeCs Kaschmir, iv, p. 457, pi. 19, figs. 1-4; Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. ii, pi. xiv, fig. 6 (larva) ; C. Sf S. no. 306. Trypanophora argyrospila, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 126. Syntomis humeralis, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1593. Trypanophora atkinsoni, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 15 ; C. 8f S. no. 305. Syntomis glaucopoides, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 69 ; C. $ S. no. 279. Blue-black ; antennae sometimes whitish towards the tips. Frons white in the Hongkong and some IS". India specimens, Fig. 166. — Trypanophora semihyalina, $. j. yellow in the others. Tegulse black in one Hongkong specimen, whitish in another : orange in some Indian and red in others. 250 ZYG.ENID.E. Orange spots on pro- and metathorax, either or both of which may be absent. Abdomen: the 5th and 6th segments with orange bands ; the anterior segments sometimes with orange lateral spots, which in some specimens form complete rather narrow bunds. Tore wing with one or two subbasal hyaline streaks above the subcostal and one below the median nervure ; in some specimens the base of wing is yellowish ; the outer discal area hyaline, which varies in extent from filling the outer part of the cell and the inter- spaces beyond, leaving only the veins and margins black, to slight hyaline streaks between veins 2, 3, 4, and 10, 11, 12, the spots in the end of cell and the interspace below being replaced by ochreous. Hind wing with costal area pale ochreous; a black patch towards end of cell; all the interspaces below and beyond with hyaline streaks ; the outer margin irregularly black. In the female the hyaline patch is sometimes as complete as in the male, sometimes reduced to three short streaks beyond the cell; the base of the wing being sometimes ochreous. Pectus with yellow spots. In typical semihyalina the discal hyaline patches of the fore wing are large; the irons and tegula3 orange; the abdomen with only two bands: in aryyrospila the frons is white, the teguhe white or black, the abdomen with the bands on the proximal seg- ments complete : in humeralis the discal patches are much reduced and sometimes almost absent, the tegulee orange, and abdomen with only two bauds; but none of these characters are locally constant. Larva reddish brown, the tubercles dark brown ; head mid legs red, the anterior somites yellow at sides and below. Hab. Hongkong ; Kashmir : Kangra ; Sikhiin ; Calcutta ; E. Pegu. jErp., rf 31-36, $ 38-50 millim. 520. Trypanophora flavalis, n. sp. $. Antennae black, white at three-fourths from base; fr.nis, collar, teguke, the vertex of thorax, and broad segmental band to the abdomen orange. Fore wing orange, the veins and margins black ; the outer part of cell and the interspaces beyond hyaline, leaving a narrow orange band within the black margin. Hind wing orange ; the outer margin black, expanding into a patch near anal angle ; veins 2, 3, and 4 streaked with black. Hab. Matelei, Burma (Fea). Exp. 43 millim. Type in Mus. Genova. 521. Trypanophora taprobanes, Wlk. Cat ii, p. 435; C. $ S. no. 307; Moore, Lep. Ceyl ii, p. 40, pi. 95, tig. 8 (larva, 8 a). Dark indigo-blue ; an orange streak on metathorax ; pectus crimson. Fore wing with a large discal hyaline patch filling the end of the cell and the interspaces above, beyond, and below it, and crossed by the black veins. Hind wing wholly blue. Larva purple-brown ; two dorsal and two lateral rows of seti- TRYPANOPHORA.. SORITIA. 251 ferous tubercles, the lower lateral tubercle of 1st somite long; lateral yellow blotches on 10th and llth somites. Hob. Ceylon. Exp., rf 28, $ 44 millim. Genus PHLEBOHECTA, nov. Type, P. fuscescens, Moore. Range. Sikhim ; Burma. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked ; vein 6 absent, 8 and 9 stalked. Hind wing with vein 8 present. The wings rather narrow and apices rounded. Antennae with very minute pectina- tions in the female. Mid and hind tibiae with a minute terminal pair of spurs. 522. Phlebohecta fuscescens, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 16 ; C.$ S. no. 445 ; Elw. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 386, pi. xxxii, fig. 12. cJ . Fuscous ; the collar pale red ; the disk of hind wing below the cell paler. Fig. 167. — Phlebohecta fuscescens, <$ . \. $ with the inner area of the hind wing below the cell yellowish white. Hob. Sikhim, 3000 feet. Exp., 3 29, £ 36 millim. 523. Phlebohecta flavicosta, Elw. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 386, pi. xxxii, fig. 1. $ . Differs from fuscescens in the costal fascia of the fore wing being bright golden yellow ; the costa, apex, and apical half of the outer margin of the hind wing golden yellow. A specimen from Bernardmyo has the margins of the fore and hind wing pale yellowish white and much narrower than in the typical Sikhim specimen. Hob. Sikhim; Burma. E.vp. 42-50 millim. Genus SOKITIA. Soritia, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 435 (1854). Retina, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 438 (1854). Type, S. leptalina, Koll. Range. China ; the Himalayas ; Assam ; Burma ; Malay Penin- sula; Borneo. Palpi minute. Antennae very minutely pectinated in the female. 252 Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked, 7, 8, and 9 stalked. Mid and hind tibiae with minute terminal pairs of spurs. 524. Soritia rubrivitta, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 439; C. $ S. no. 440; Butl. III. Het. v, p. 25, pi. 84, tig. 4. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen greenish brown ; collar crim- son. Fore wing dark olive-green, with a broad crimson fast in from the base along the costa, then curving down to the outer angle. Hind wing dark brown. Hob. Sikhim ; Sibsagar ; Sylhet. Exp. 38 millim. 525. Soritia leptalina, Koll. Hugef* Kanchmir, p. 461 ; C. 8f S. no. 1 17. Soritia sexpunctata, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 432 ; C. $ S. no. 4 !'.». Heterusia octopunctata, Mosch. Stettin. Ent. Zeit. l£7'2, p. •'! -1 1 : C. 8f 5-.no. 379. Heterusia pulchella, Koll. WnjeVs Kaschmir, p. 461; C. $ S. no. 380. Eterusia triliturata, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 119; C. $ S. no. 387, Beterusia cicada, Feld, Reis. Nov. pi. 83, fig. 8 ; C. % S. no. 369. Heterusia flavomaculata, Mooch. Stettin. Ent. Zeit. 1872, p. 343; C. # S. no. 376. Soritia olivascens, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 16 ; C. $ S. no. 448. c?. Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the last sometimes with a blue shot ; collar crimson ; tegulae yellow. Fore wing dark brown, with a greenish tinge; a yellow triangular patch occupying the whole basal area except the margins, this may be reduced to a narrow streak and four obliquely placed spots or to any inti-r- mediate state ; a yellow spot beyond the end of the cell. Hind wing yellow, with the outer margin black, widest at apex ; this may be reduced to spots beyond the cell and the apex alone black, or the darkness of the wing may be increased by a black suffusion along the veins and inner margin. The yellow on both wings may be either very pale or bright and dark. Fig. 168.— Soritia leptalina, $ . $ . Head and collar crimson ; thorax yellow, abdomen white with metallic blue bands : wings bright yellow, with a blue spot between veins 2 and 3, and another between veins 3 and 4 of the fore wing ; hind wing with a blue spot between veins 3 and 4, and sometimes one between 4 and 5, these two forms being named sexpunctata and octopunctata. In other specimens the ground- colour is very pale yellow, the veins of the fore wing being bright yellow, and in others again there is also a bluish suffusion between SOEITIA. 253 the nervules and along the inner margin of the fore wing, and the outer area of the hind wing is suffused with black, this being typical leptalina =spulchella=lriliturata. ffab. Himalayas ; Sylhet ; Bernardmyo, Burma. Exp.9 <$ 32-40, $ 40-50 millim. 526. Soritia shahama, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 801 ; a Sf S. no. 383 ; Waterh. Aid, ii, pi. 127, fig. 3. c? . Differs from the dark form of leptalina in the collar not being crimson ; the abdomen with lateral yellow bands ; the post- medial band of four spots is white, as also the spot at end of cell of fore and hind wings. Underside : fore wing with white sub- marginal streaks ; hind wing with the costal and apical areas white. £ with the postmedial band of white spots absent ; the one at end of cell yellow. Hind wing with the basal area whitish. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 58 millim. 527. Soritia viridivena, n. sp. $ . Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs black, metallic blue-green below. Fore wing black, with a broad yellow outwardly-oblique medial band ; the veins green. Hind wing bright golden-yellow ; the base black ; the apex with a broad black border, continued as a narrowing line to the anal angle. Underside with exterior area shot with blue. In this and the following species the stalk of veins 4 and 5 of the fore wing is short. Hob. Sylhet ; Naga Hills, 5000 feet, July (Doherty). Exp. 44 millim. Type in B. M. 528. Soritia nigribasalis, n. sp. $ . Differs from viridivena in the band of the fore wing being narrow and placed further from the base ; the basal area of the hind wing to near the end of cell and anal angle black, leaving a yellow band broadest at the costa, obsolescent towards anal angle. Hob. Sikhim (Holler). Exp. 44 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 529. Soritia circinata, Herr.-ScMffer, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. p. 57, figs. 156, 157 ; C. fy S. no. 370. Eterusia lasciata, Wlk. Char, undescr. Het. p. 5 ; C. fy S. no. 375. <3 . Differs from nigribasalis in the abdomen being shot with brilliant blue. Hind wing black, with an apical yellow band, broad at the costa, narrowing to vein 1 b, with four black spots on it between the nervules and a narrow marginal black line. Hob. Sikhim ; Assam. Exp. 63 millim. 254 ZYGJENIDJE. 530. Soritia obliquaria, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii, p. 194. Eterusia transversa, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 118. Erasnria eusemoides, Feld. JReis. Nov. pi. 83, fig. 10. Head and thorax brown, the former and antennae suffused with metallic blue ; abdomen ringed brown and white. Fore wing brown ; a metallic blue speck at base ; an oblique postmedial yellowish-white band from costa to vein 1 b. Hind wiug brown at base and outer margin, the medial half orange; costa brown, expanding into a spot at middle. Underside : fore wing with a series of bluish-white marks before the band ; blue streaks on the marginal veins : hind wing with some blue at base, on costal spot, and marginal nervules. Hob. Mergui ; Malacca ; Borneo. Exp., rf 62-76, $ 80 millim. Genus PIDORUS. Pidorus, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 424 (1854). Laurion, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 426 (1854). Type, P. ylaucopis, Drury. Range. Japan; China*; E. Himalayas; Assam; Burma; Malacca ; Borneo ; Java. The wings broader than in Soritia ; veins 4 and 5 of the fore wing not stalked. SECT. I. The branches of antennae of female very minute. 531. Pidorus circumdatus, Wlk. Cat, xxxi, p. 121 ; C. $ S. no. 371. Head, thorax, and abdomen greenish black. Fore wing greenish black, with a golden-yellow band from near the base to the middle, its outer edge waved. Hind wing golden yellow ; a marginal greenish-black band narrowing to anal angle. Underside with the outer margins shot with greenish blue. Hob. Sikhim ; Assam. Exp. 38 millim. SECT. II. The branches of antennae in female longer. 532. Pidorus geminus, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 427 j C. fy S. no. 433. Head and collar crimson ; antennae, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing very dark green, the last with a wide oblique ochreous baud from the costa beyond the middle to the outer angle. Hind wing deep dark brown. Underside with the costa and outer margins of both wings shot with blue. In some specimens the head is brown, and the baud on fore wing white. Hal. Hongkong ; Sikhim ; Sylhet ; Moulmein ; Cambodia ; Borneo. Exp. 32-40 millim. PIDORUS. 255 533. Pidorus Circe, Boisd., Herr.-Schaffer, Samml. aussereui: Schmett. fig. 2; C. $S. no. 432. Laurion nietallica, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 426. Differs from geminus in the head and collar being green. Fore wing bronzy green ; hind wing purplish brown, with an ochreous spot on the costa below the apex and greenish-blue border. Hab. Khasis ; Nagas ; Cachar. Exp. 48 millim. Fig. 169.— Pidorus circe, 3 . j. 534. Pidorus albifascia, Moore, Lep. Afk. p. 19 j C. $ S. no. 435. tf . "Uniform black. Fore wing with the veins greenish ; a yellow spot on the costa, with an oblique white band from it to the outer angle. Hind wing with a yellow spot on the costa before the apex. Underside with the veins and margins suffused with blue. Hab. Nagas, 3000 feet ; Sylhet ; Moineit, Burma, 2000 feet. Exp. 48 millim. 535. Pidorus glaucopis, Drury, III. Exot. Ins. ii, p. 11, pi. 6, fig. 4 ; C. $ S. no. 441. Pidorus atratus, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xx, 1877, p. 401. Antennae metallic blue or green ; head crimson ; thorax, abdo- men, and legs black-brown ; abdomen shot with blue. Fore wing black-brown, with an oblique white band rather variable in width from the costa beyond the middle to outer angle. Underside suffused with blue. Hob. Japan; Sikhim ; Bhutan; Nagas: Cachar; Sylhet. Exp., e? 50-54, $ 50-60 millim. 536. Pidorus miles, Butl. III. Het. v, p. 25, pi. 84, fig. 3 j C. $ S. no. 434. c? . Dark brown ; a yellow band across the collar and tegulae. Fore wing with a yellow fascia from the base, running below the costa to near the end of the cell, then bent down to near middle of outer margin ; a yellow apical spot. Hind wing with a broad red fascia along the costa expanding into the end of the cell. Hab. Sikhim ; Bhutan. Exp. 32 millim. 256 Genus HETEROPAN. Heteropan, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 440 (1854). Birtina, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 125 (1864). Type, H. scintillans, Wlk. Range. Nagas ; Ceylon ; Burma ; New Guinea ; Fiji. Palpi rather longer than in the preceding genera. Mid and hind tibia} with no spurs. Wings short and quadrate. Fore wing with vein 6 given off from the upper angle of the cell ; hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from the upper angle of cell. SECT. I. The outer margin of fore wing much rounded. 537. Heteropan scintillans, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 441; C. $ S. no. 437; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 96, fig. 3. c? . Antenna} and frons deep metallic blue. Head, thorax, abdomen, and \\ ings lavender-blue. Fore wing with bluish silvery raised scales on a cupreous band along the outer margin. Fig. 170.— Hcteropan Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 22 millim. scintillans, <$ . \. 538. Heteropan cnpreatus, Hmp*n. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 157, fig. 10. Differs from scintillans in the antennae, head, thorax, and fore \\intrs being uniform cupreous brown; the abdomen and hind wings deeper blue. Hob. Pundaloya, Ceylon. Rvp. 22 millim. SECT. II. The outer margin of fore wing squarer. 539. Heteropan flavimacula, n. sp. Uniform dark brown, with a large bright yellow patch on the fore wing from the costa before the apex to vein 4. Hob. Momeit, Burma, 2000 feet, June (Doherty). Exp., <$ 22, $ 26 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 540. Heteropan ochreus, Elw. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 385, pi. xxxiii, fig. 4. Antennae purplish black, the tips fulvous. Head black. Fore wings fulvous ; the cilia black. Hind wings brighter fulvous, except the inner area. Underside bright fulvous. Hob. Ntiga Hills, 6000 feet. Exp. 27 millim. AEBUDAS. — HEEPA. 257 Genus ARBUDAS. Arbudas, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 19 (1879). Type, A. Ucolor, Moore. Range. Sikhim. Shape as in Heteropan ; the palpi shorter. Fore wing with vein 6 given off below the angle of cell ; vein. 11 anastomosing with 12. 541. Arbudas bicolor, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 20, pi. ii, fig. 19 ; C.$ S. no. 477. cJ . Antennae, head, thorax, abdo- men, and wings uniform fuscous, with a slight purple tinge ; collar crimson. Underside paler ; a whitish patch on disk of fore wing. $ . The collar sometimes dark. Fore wing rather paler than in male, the patch on underside pure white and extending to the costa. Hind wing pure white, with a broad dark outer margin ; cilia white. Hah. Sikhim. Exp., 3 22, $ 32 millim. Fig. 171. Arbudas bicolor, Genus HERPA. Herpa, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 441 (1854). Type, H. venosa, Wlk. Range. Sikhim ; Khasi and Naga Hills. The branches of antennae very long in the male. Mid and hind tibiae with minute terminal pairs of spurs. The wings longer ; fore wing with vein 7 given off further from the cell than 9 ; 11 not anastomosing with 12. SECT. I. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 not stalked. 542. Herpa venosa, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 442 ; C. # 8. no. 439. Head and antennae black ; thorax ochreous, marked with black : abdomen ochreous, with segmental black bands. Wings primrose- yellow, with the veins and margins black. Hob. Khasis. Exp. 46 millim. VOL. I. Fig. 172. — Herpa venosa, 258 ZTGJENID.'E. *543. Herpa subhyalina, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 18 j C. $ S. no. 438. Differs from venosa in the abdomen being greyish ; the wings subhyaline ochreous ; both wings with the costal border blackish hind wings with the veins and margins not black. Hob. Sikhirn. Exp. 60 millim. SECT. II. Veins 4 and 5 of the fore wing stalked. 544. Herpa primulina, Ehces. Herpa subhyalina, var. primulina, Elw. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 382. Much brighter yellow than subhyalina ; the costa of hind wing not blackish. Hal. Naga Hills, 5000 feet, August. Evp. 58 millim. Genus PINTIA. Pintia, Wlk. Cat. ii. p. 280 (1854). Type, P. inetachloros, Wlk., from Java. Range. Hongkong ; N.E. and S. India ; Burma ; Andamans ; Nicobars ; Sumatra ; Java. Branches of antennae of male not so long as in Herjia. Frons much produced; palpi short. Legs without spurs. Fore wing with the apex pointed, vein 11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with vein 6 from below the upper angle of cell. SECT. I. Veins 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the fore wing stalked together. 545. Pintia ferrea, Wlk. Cat. ii. p. 431 ; C. $ S. no. 392 ; Hut I. 111. Het. v, pi. 83, fig. 7. Antenna metallic blue ; head with copper and green tints ; thorax copper-red with green markings ; abdomen dark green. Fore wing dark coppery red ; the median and submediau nervures Fig. 173.— Pintia ferrea, 3. \. streaked with green : a short whitish maculate oblique band beyond the upper angle of the cell, and two white spots between veins 3, 4, and 5. Hind wing blackish ; the inner area below the cell suffused with green ; four whitish spots very variable in size, PINTIA.. HETEEUSIA. 259 and sometimes obsolescent, in the interspaces beyond the cell ; cilia white. Underside with the costa of fore wing streaked with green ; a white streak in the interno-median interspace : hind wing with a white streak in the cell and three below it ; a submarginal series of blue spots on both wings. Hob. Hongkong ; Sikhim ; Sylhet ; Cachar ; Burma ; Nicobars ; Andamans. Exp. 46-56 millim. 546. Pintia cyanea, Butl A. M. N. H. (5) xii, p. 160. Differs from ferrea in the wings being without the whitish spots above ; hind wing shot with brilliant metallic blue, abdomen with greenish blue. Hal>. Mergui ; Sumatra. Exp. 46 millim. SECT. II. Fore wing w?ith vein 6 not stalked with 7. 547. Pintia latipennis, Hmpsn. Ill Set. viii, p. 45, pi. cxxxix, fig. 22. J . Differs from ferrea in the antennae being darker blue ; thorax and fore wing uniform vinous red, the latter with the oblique band and two spots beyond the cell obsolescent ; abdomen and hind wing uniform brown, the latter with one white spot beyond the cell, the lower spots being obsolete; cilia brown. Underside without the costal green streak to fore wing or blue submarginal spots. The wings broader. Hab. Nilgiris, W. slopes, 3000 feet, Aug. Exp. 56 millim. Genus HETERUSIA. Eterusia, Hope, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. p. 445 (1841). Devanica, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 355. Sephisa, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 41 (TS^. Type, E. tricolor, Hope. Range. China ; Himalayas ; Assam ; Sylhet ; Burma ; S. India ; Ceylon; Cambodia; Java. Fore wing with veins 6, 7, 8, and 9 stalked together; 11 not anastomosing with 12. SECT. I. The outer margin of the fore wing nearly straight, A. The abdomen Hue-green above. 548. Heterusia raja, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 320, pi. viii. a, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 381. $ . Head and thorax green ; collar narrowly crimson ; antennae and abdomen metallic blue, the latter with a green tinge and yellow below. Fore wing bright green, with an outwardly- oblique yellow maculate band from the costa beyond the middle to near outer angle ; the spots outwardly edged with black ; the veins between them blue. Hind wing yellow ; the veins bordered with black ; a curved black band from the lower angle of cell to the s2 260 outer margin at vein 1 b ; the outer margin black ; the whole inner area from vein 1 6 to the margin blue-green. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 65 millim. B. The abdomen Hack, shot with blue. 549. Heternsia alompra, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 16; C. #&no. 368. Eterusia urania, Schaus, Ent. Amer. 1890, p. 39. Devanica submarginalis, Swinh. Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., ined. Antennae metallic blue-green ; head and thorax green ; abdomen shot with blue. Fore wing dark green, with an oblique yellow band from the costa beyond the middle to the inner margin near outer angle, some ovate black spots on each side of it, and the nervures between it and the black spots metallic blue. Hind wing black ; the inner area below the median nervure shot with metallic blue ; an apical band of metallic-blue spots decreasing from the apex to vein 2. In typical alompra there is an oblique series of small yellow spots from the end of the cell of the hind wing to the outer margin at vein 1 6 ; this in submarginalis forms a complete broad band, but in the form urania is totally absent on the upperside. Hob. Sikhim; Bhutan; Assam; Nagas ; Burma; Cambodia,. d 72, $ 62-86 millim. C. Abdomen yellow ; the first segment black, shot with blue ; males with seyrnental black bands above. 550. Heternsia lativitta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. l/> ; C.$ S. no. 377. Eterusia fasciata, Mi'wh. (nee Walk.), Stettin. Ent. Zeit. 1872, p. 340; C. $ S. no. 375 (part.). c? . Abdomen banded with black above ; the basal yellow patch of fore wing wanting. $ . Head, thorax, and first segment of abdomen black. Fore wing very dark green, with a basal pale yellow patch ; a broad maculate band consisting of two irregularly superposed spots just before the middle ; a small spot in the end of the cell, and five small sub- apical white spots. Hind wing rich blackish brown, with a yellow spot at the end of the cell, and two or three metallic blue spots in the interspaces between veins 2 to 5, which are streaked with blue. Underside with the veins streaked with blue in places on both wings. Abdomen with ventral black bands. Hab. Sikhim ; Xhasis ; Assam ; Nagas ; Sylhet. Evp. 70 millim. 551. Heternsia tricolor, Hope, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 1841, p. 44o, pi. 31, fig. 4; C.$S. no. 386. Eterusia sublutea, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 430 ; C. Sf S. no. 385. Eterusia acintillans, Herr-Schaffer, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. fig. 154. Heterusia trimacula, Mosch. Stettin. Ent. Zeit. 1872, p. 342 ; C. & S. no. 388. HETEEUSIA. 261 Differs from lativitta in the spots of the medial bands being small and well separated ; the spot at the end of the cell and the submarginal series larger, the latter complete. Hind wing black Fig. 174. — Heterusia tricolor, $ . \. at base ; followed by a yellow band, wide on inner margin, where it reaches the anal angle ; apical area black, with a large yellow spot at the end of the cell, and two to four blue submarginal spots, the two lower with yellow lunules inside them. Underside with the black areas largely shot with blue. Hob. Sikhim ; Sylhet ; Nepal ; Nagas ; E. Pegu. Exp., tf 60, $ 75 millim. D. The first two segments of abdomen black, no dorsal bands in male. 552. Heterusia edocla, Doubl. Zoologist, ii, p. 468 ; C. fy S. no. 374. i. Heterusia dulcis, Butl. III. Het. v, p. 21, pi. 83, fig. 4 ; C. $ S. no. 373. Heterusia signata, Mosch. Stettin. Ent. Zeit. 1872, p. 341 ; C. $ S. no. 384. Differs from lativitta in the fore wing having the medial band broken up into 5 spots ; the submarginal series complete, or sometimes almost entirely absent. In the form dulcis there is a yellow band from the costa of the hind wing across the end of the cell, this being only represented in typical edocla by a small spot on the underside of costa. Nab. Nepal ; Sikhim ; Assam ; Nagas ; Cachar. Exp. 75 millim. 553. Heterusia magnifica, Butt. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1879, p. 5 ; id. 111. Het. v, pi. 83, tig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 378. Differs from edocla in the fore wing being purple-brown, with a slight green tinge, the markings white ; the medial band with blue on the veins where they cross it. Hind wing as in tricolor, except that the basal black patch is larger ; the apical area largely shot with blue ; the upper spots on it triple ; the yellow of hind wing may be pale or bright. Hob. Sikhim : Assam ; Nagas ; Sylhet ; Cachar. Exp., tf 66, 80 millim. 262 554. Heterusia virescens, Butl 111 Het. v, p. 21, pi. 83, fig. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 389. Differs from magnified in the fore wing being dark green ; the basal black area of the hind wing larger, reducing the width of the yellow band, which is very pale in colour. End of abdomen black in male. Hob. Khandala ; Nilgiris, 3000-6000 feet. Evp. 76 milliin. 555. Heterusia cingala, Moore, A. M. N. H. (4) xx, p. 343; id. Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 41, pi. 96, fig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 391. Fore wing with the basal white patch and medial band actually larger than in virescens, and comparatively much larger, the latter placed nearer the base and not broken up into spots ; the submar- ginal spots larger. Hind wing with the pale yellow band broader ; the subapical spots absent in males. Larva brown, with three lateral and two dorsal series of warts ; from the former long, from the latter short hairs arise. Hob. Ceylon, Krp. 55 millim. 556. Heterusia aedea, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 757 ; C. $ S. no. 367. Differs from virescens in the spots of the medial band of the fore wing being longer ; the cell spot and submarginal spots of both wings much larger. Hind wing with the pale yellow band much broader. Hub. China; Sylhet. Exp. 65 millira. SECT. II. The outer margin of the fore wing more excised. 557. Heterusia drataraja, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. ii, p. 321 , pi. viii a, fig. 3. c? . Frons white. Head, thorax, and abdomen black : thorax, with the collar, tegulao, and two longitudinal streaks, fulvous; abdomen with fulvous segmental bands. Fore wing fulvous, with the following black streaks, two below the costa, one at the be- ginning and two at the end of the cell, two in the median and two in the interno-median interspace, one along the inner margin, and one in each interspace beyond the cell ; a mar- ginal black band crossed by the fulvous veins and widest at the apex. Hind wing fulvous, with the veins broadly edged with black ; a broad black band along outer margin. Hob. Java; Mergui. Exp. 40 millim. Genus MILLERIA. Milleria, Herr.-Schiiffer, Samml aussereur. Schmett. p. 78 (1858). Type, M. virginalis, H.-S. Range. N.E. India ; Burma ; Malacca ; Singapore ; Borneo. Frons produced. Mid and hind tibiae with minute terminal pairs of spurs. Fore \ving with the outer margin not excised ; vein 3 from before the end of the cell, 4 and 5 on a long stalk, 7, 8, and 9 stalked. Hind wing broad and rounded. MILLEBIA. 263 558. Milleria virginalis, Herr.-Schd/er, Samml aussereur. Schmett. fig. 4 ; C.&S. no. 425. Cyclosia fuliginosa, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 418 ; C. # 8. no. 436 ; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 83, fig. 6. Cyclosia subcyanescens, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 417. c? . Head and thorax blackish ; collar crimson ; abdomen pale with fuscous bands. Fore wing cupreous brown, with white Fig. 175. — Milleria virginalis, §. \. streaks in the interspaces, suffused with fuscous and consisting of a series of long streaks towards the base, and short streaks towards the outer margin. Hind wing white, with a broad black band from the apex to vein 2, enclosing a white spot in each interspace ; the median nervure and nervules blue ; the inner area yellow. Underside with the veins of both wings blue ; hind wing more suffused with yellow. $> . Whiter, the fuscous on fore wing reduced to streaks along the veins and on the hind wing to a line on the outer margin, and a band across the end of the cell, which then bends outwards and becomes submarginal. The variety fuliginosa has the abdomen and both wings entirely suffused with purplish black, so that only faint traces of the spots and streaks appear. Hob. Sikhim ; Sylhet ; Burma. Exp., 3 62, $ 76 millim. 559. Milleria cyanivena, n. sp. <$ . Differs from virginalis form fuliginosa in the veins of both wings being shot with greenish blue, the fore wing slightly, the hind wing and underside prominently ; the discal spots of both wings absent on upper and under sides; the submarginal series pure white, large, and prominent. Hab. Bernardmyo, Burma (Doherty). Exp. 70 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 264 560. Milleria hamiltoni, Swnh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 475. $ . Differs from virginalisin the collar being blue, and only the neck crimson ; abdomen blue above. Fore wing green ; pale yellow streaks on inner margin, veins 1 6 and c, two in middle of cell, two above and two below, two in end of cell, a series between the nervules beyond, and a subinarginal series. Hind wing pale yellow, the inner area bright yellow, the veins beyond the cell and apical margin blue. Underside similar, the metallic blue more brilliant. Hob. Khasi Hills. Exp. 75 millim. 561. Milleria cardinalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 18; C. $ S. no. 421. J . Differs from virginalis form fuliyinosa in the frons being crimson; fore wing with the base and a waved subbasal band fuscous ; the apical half white ; the veins and outer margin fuscous. Hind wing yellowish, suffused with fuscous, the inner margin brighter yellow ; the discocellulars streaked with blue ; outer margin broadly white, crossed by the black veins. Hab. Sikhim. Krp. 37 millim. Genus CHALCOSIA. Chalcosia, Hubn. Verz. p. 173 (1818). Type, C. thdllo, Linn. RaiKje. China ; throughout India ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Malacca : Sumatra ; Java ; Borneo. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 from cell or on a short stalk. Legs without spurs. SECT. I. Veins 4 and 5 of the fore wing not stalked ; the veinlet in the cell not forked. 562. Chalcosia griseifusa, n. sp. $ . Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing uniform dark blue- grey. Hind wing with the basal half yellowish white, suffused with blue-grey towards the costa — the Malacca and Singapore specimens being more suffused than the one from Pegu ; outer area fuscous, widest at apex, narrow at anal angle. Underside with a whitish patch on the inner margin of the fore wing below the cell; a submarginal series of whitish spots to both wings. Hind wing with the area below the cell bright yellow, more re- stricted in the Singapore specimen than in those from Malacca and Pegu. Allied to fata, Wlk., from Borneo. Hab. E. Pegu ; Malacca ; Singapore. Exp. 52 millim. Type in B. M. CHALCOSIA. 265 563. Chalcosia idaeoides, Herr.-Schaffer, Samml aussereur. Schmett. p. 78, pi. i, fig. 6. Chalcosia albata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 390 ; C. $ S. no. 408. Chalcosia pectinicornis, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 420 (nee Linn.} ; C. fy S. no. 411 (part.). Antennae metallic blue ; frons blue ; vertex of head black ; head and collar crimson, the latter with two blue spots ; thorax and ab- domen blue-green. Fore wing with the basal half blue-green, sometimes white, leaving two medial spots, the median vein, and veins 1 b and c where they cross it whitish ; this blue-green area terminates in three black spots, one in the cell and two below it, and is followed by a broad white band from the centre of the costa to near the outer angle ; apical and marginal areas black, the veins metallic green ; a subapical band of white spots in the inter- spaces. Hind wing pure white, with a black apical marginal band crossed by the metallic blue veins. Hah. N.W. Himalayas ; Nepal ; Assam. Exp., <$ 60-68, $ 68 milliin. 564. Chalcosia argentata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 17; C. $ S. no. 409. Chalcosia diana, Butl. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 815. Differs from idceoides in the hind wing being pale yellow ; the marginal band sometimes entirely shot with blue ; the fore wing sometimes has the basal area blue-green, sometimes white as in idceoides. Hob. Formosa ; N.W. and E. Himalayas ; Khasis. Exp., <$ 60, $ 72 milliin. 565. Chalcosia adalifa, Doubl. A. M. N. H. xix. 1847, p. 76; C. $ S. no. 406; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 83. fig. 5. $ . Differs from argentata in the blue-green patch below the cell of the fore wing being absent and replaced by three blue spots nearer the outer margin, two in the interne-median interspace, and one between veins 2 and 3. Underside of hind wing bright yellow, except the costa, apex, and apical part of margin. Hal. Khasi Hills. Eacp. 64 millim. 566. Chalcosia myrrhina, Hmpm. Ill Het. ix, hied., pi. 157, fig. 14. S > Differs from argentata in the white of the fore wing not being silvery ; the streak from the base being along the costa ; the patches in and below the cell being joined and shot with copper ; the apical area purplish coppery, with the spots of the subapical band small. Hind wing uniform pale yellow, with two black sub- apical spots. Hob. Pundaloya, Ceylon. Exp. 40 millirn. 266 SECT. II. The fore wing longer ; veins 4 and 5 stalked : and the veinlet in the cell generally forked. 567. Chalcosia affinis, Gufr. Voy. Deless. Hist. Nat. p. 86, pi. 24, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 407 ; Moore, Lep. CeyL ii, pi. 98, fig. L>. Differs from myrrhina in the whole basal half of the fore wing being metallic green, sometimes with a bronzy tint, and with black marks before the pale band ; black streaks in the interspaces of the apical area. Hind wing with the apex black shot with blue. Ilab. Western Ghats ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Evp. 50 millim. 568. Chalcosia COmsca, Boisd. Herr.-Schiiffer, Samml. aussercur. Schmett. pi. i, fig. 1 ; C. $ S. DO. 410. Chalcosia zuleika, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 428 ; C. # S. no. 416. Differs from affinis in the basal area of the fore wing being golden green, traversed by an orange band bordered by blue-black on each side, this basal area terminating in a blue-black ccli;t> ; the subapical spots obsolete. Hind wing with a larger apical blue- black patch. The hind wing is sometimes pure white. Hab. Sikhim; Khasis ; Assam. E>vp., 3 50, $ 60 millim. 569. Chalcosia thallo, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 756. Chalcosia pectinicomis, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 807 ; C. Sf S. no. 411. Chalcosia tiberina, Cram. Pap. Exot. i, p. ">!', pi. 32 C, D. Chalcosia quadrifasciata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 45, pi. 96, ii-. •") ; C. 8f S. no. 413. Chalcosia venosa, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 422 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 97, figs. 2, 2 a ; C. $ S. no. 405. Chalco.sia similata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 45, pi. 97, figs. 3, 3«: C. 4r & no. 414. Milleria zehma, Boisd. Herr.-Schiiffer, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. p. 78, pi. i, fig. 3 ; C.SfS. no. 415. Differs from affinis in being bluer. The fore wing may have the basal area entirely blue-green with black spots, or there may be a large white or pale yellow patch below the cell and along the inner margin ; the median band is white or pale yellow, and broad and irregular, or reduced to a series of irregularly placed spots ; the veins of the apical area are more narrowly green than in affnis ; the subapical spots are sometimes prominent, sometimes completely obsolete. Hind wing white or pale yellow, with a black irregular marginal border shot with blue, which colour sometimes extends up below the cell to the base, reducing the white area to a patch beyond the cell ; sometimes the blue-black colour is entirely wanting, except for a small subapical spot, and all the intermediat e stages seem to occur irrespective of locality. Pectinicomis is the darkest form, with the base of fore wing CHALCOSIA. 267 and most of hind wing dark, in tkallo the hind wing is white with a black marginal band, in tiberina the marginal band of the hind wing is narrower — these being the Chinese and N. Indian forms ; in the Ceylon form quadrifasciata, from sea-level, the Fig. 176. — Chalcosia thallo, <$. white basal patch to the fore wing appears in combination with a dark hind wing ; in venosa, from the hills, the hind wing also is mostly pale ; in similata the pale band of the fore wing is wider, and the dark area of the hind wing further reduced. Hob. China; N. India; Ceylon. Exp. 50-60 millim. 570. Chalcosia pretiosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 116; C. $ S. no. 412; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 96, fig. 4. Chalcosia pretiosa, var. albina, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 157, fig. 5. c?. Fore wing as in affinis, except that the white band is usually narrower and the subapical spots smaller ; the abdomen and hind wing brilliant metallic blue. In the form albina there is sometimes a white basal patch to the fore wing, and the hind wing is wThite, with the base and outer margin only metallic blue. Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 42 millim. 571. Chalcosia distincta, Guer. Voy. Deless. Hist. Nat. p. 85, pi. 24, fig. 3 ; C.$S. no. 372. Antennas blue ; head and abdomen orange ; thorax grey, striped with blue. Fore wing grey, with the following series of blue- black spots in the interspaces — one series antemedial, three of the spots running back as streaks to the base ; the others postmedial and submarginal, which join below the cell and are continued as one series ; a marginal series. Hind wing white, with a black marginal band which occupies half the wing at the costa, and narrows to a point at the anal angle. Hob. ? Assam ; Mergui ; Perak ; Borneo ; Sumatra ; Java. Exp. 42-50 millim. Genus CORMA. ' Corma, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 124 (1864). Codane, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 17 (1879). Type, C. obscurata, Wlk., from Cambodia. Range. N.E. India ; Burma ; Cambodia ; Sumatra. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked ; fore wing with the veinlet in the cell of fore wing not forked, 4 and 5, and 7, 8, and 9 stalked, or 9 from cell. 572. Corma zenotea, Wlk. Cat. ii. p. 425; C. $ S. no. 444. Corma spoliata, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 125. Antennae, head, and thorax dark greenish black; abdomen yellow, with black lateral spots and the tip black. Fore wing with Fig. 177. — Corma zenotea, a fuscous band along the basal half of the costa ; a spot at middle of cell and one on vein 1 c ; postmedial and marginal maculate bands which join towards outer angle. Hind wing white, with a fuscous spot on the costa at end of cell, and a maculate apical band. Hob. Kbasis ; Karen Hills ; Moulmein ; Siain. 7£r^>., J 40, $ 46 millim. 573. Corma maculata, n. sp. $ . Differs from zenotea in the collar being yellow. Fore wing with the basal area fuscous, except at inner margin ; the spot in the cell much larger ; the spots below the cell four in number and much larger, as are the apical and marginal markings. Hind wing with the fuscous spot in the cell obsolescent, but large on under- side, on which side also a streak from the costa near the end of cell is present ; a large patch below vein 2 ; spots between veins 2 and 3, and 3 and 4 ; marginal markings large. Hab. Chin Hills, W. Burma ( Watson). Exp. 56 millim. Type in B. M. 574. Corma zelica, Doubl A. M. N. H. (1) xix, p. 76, pi. 7, fig. 3 ; C. 8f S. no. 443. Codane neoterica, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 177. Codane leucomelas, Moore, J. A. S. 23. Iv. pt. 2, p. 97 ; C. $ S. no. 442. c? . Differs from zenotea in the abdomen having segmental blue bands above. Fore wing with an oblique broad medial bluish- COEMA. — CTCLOSIA. 269 black band followed by a white one ; the apical and marginal areas bluish black, with a series of white subapical spots and, in some specimens, the apex white. Hind wing white, with the base suffused with fuscous and a broad marginal fuscous band narrow- ing to anal angle. £ with the base of the hind wing not suffused with fuscous ; the abdomen whitish yellow, with the lateral spots, but no bands. In one specimen from E. Pegu the median dark band of the fore wing is reduced to a series of spots. The spots forming the medial black band vary much in size. Hob. Sylhet ; E. Pegu ; Moulmein. Etc])., J 48, $ 54 millim. Genus CYCLOSIA. Cyclosia, Hubn. Verz. p. 177 (1818). Klaboana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 393. Type, C. panthona, Cram. Range. China ; N.E. and S. India ; Burma ; Andamans ; Nico- bars ; Java. Tore wings with veins 4 and 5 from the angle of the cell, 6 from angle of cell or stalked with 7, 8, and 9 ; 11 anastomosing with 12 ; the veinlet in the cell forked. A. Tlie abdomen banded blue and ivhite. 575. Cyclosia nigrescens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 600: C. &• S. no. 422. Antennae, head, and thorax metallic blue, the last two marked with white. Fore wing black, with the costa blue ; a pale yel- low streak below the costa, two in the cell, three below it, and four beyond the cell, the upper one trifid. Hind wing yellow, •with a broad black marginal band ; the median nervure and ner- vules streaked with black. Underside with a submarginal series of blue spots to both wings. Hab. Andamans ; Burma. Exp. 74 millim. 576. Cyclosia parvula, Butl A. M. N. H. (o) xii, p. 160; C. $ S. no. 420. Differs from nigrescens in having a submarginal series of small yellow spots to both wings. Hab. Burma ; Andamans ; Nicobars. Exp. 52 millim. 577. Cyclosia papilionaris, Drury, III. Exot. Ins. ii, p. 4, pi. 2, fi£. 4 ; C. Sf S. no. 419. Phalaeua venaria, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, 2. p. 166. Differs from pawula in the black markings of the fore wing being more extensive, so that the streaks and spots are reduced in 270 size. Hind wing with the marginal black border wider, and in some specimens of the same width at anal angle as at apex ; in a Javan specimen all the veins are bordered with black. In some specimens the colour of the markings is almost white. Hob. China ; Sikhiin ; Khasis ; Burma ; Mergui ; Java. Rep. 70 inillim. Fig. 178.— Cyclosia papilionaris, £. }. B. The abdomen blue above. 578. Cyclosia australinda, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 45, pi. cxxxix, $ . Differs from papilionaris in the veins crossing the black band of the hind wing being streaked with metallic blue. Hab. Mlgiris; Travaucore. Exp. 70 millim. C. The abdomen entirely blue-green. 579. Cyclosia panthona, Cram. Pap. I-h-ot. iv, p. 68, pi. 322 c ; C. $ S. no. 423 ; Moore, Lep. Cry I. ii, p. 44, pi. 97, figs. 1,1 a, 1 b. Head, thorax, and abdomen without any white markings. Fore wing dull brown, with a greenish tinge. Hind wing purplish brown ; both wings with a submarginal series of large white spots in the interspaces, which are furthest from the margin at the apex of the fore wing; in some Burmese specimens those towards the anal angle of the hind wing are wanting. Larva pale greenish yellow, the first two and last two somites reddish; three lateral and three dorsal series of warts, which art- black centred with white ; from the former arise long hairs, from the latter short. Pupa in a pale reddish cocoon. Hab. Hong Kong; Sikhim; Assam; Cachar; Khasis; Burma; Mergui; Malacca; Siam ; Ceylon. Exp. <3 40-60, $ 60 millim. POMPELOtf. 271 Genus POMPELON. Pompelon, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 413 (1854). Type, P. marginata, H.^-S., from Java. Range. Burma ; Penang ; Java ; Celebes. Mid and hind tibiae with minute terminal pairs of spurs. Wings broad, with the apex of the fore wing very much rounded. Vein 6 from below angle of cell, 7, 8, and 9 stalked; vein 11 of the fore wing anastomosing with 12. This genus mimics the blue Euplceas. 580. Pompelon valentula, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 401. £ . Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown : pectus and abdo- men below crimson, the latter with a pair of lateral segmental spots. Wings black-brown; fore wing with the costa and apex narrowly metallic blue : hind wing with a large metallic-blue apical patch ; the outer margin greyish, which last is the only character in which it differs from marginata, Guer., from Penang. Under- side of fore wing with a large yellow spot in the upper end of the cell, and the veins enclosing the cell streaked with metallic blue. Hob. Burma. Exp. 78 millim. 581. Pompelon subcyanea, Sicinh. Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. p. 72. Differs from valentula in the collar being blue, the apical blue patch to the fore wing being much larger, and extending down the Fig. 179.— Pompelon subcyanea, $. j. outer margin nearly to the outer angle, and inwards along all the nervules and median nervure ; the costal blue streak wider. Hind wing without the grey margin. Underside with the veins and apices of both wings more or less suffused with blue. Hob. Eastern Pegu, 1000 feet, April ; Singapore ; Borneo. Exp. S 66, $ 84 millim. 272 ZYGJENIDJE. Genus AMESIA. Amesia, Duncan, Nat. Libr.} Ent. vii. p. 93 (1841). Type, A. sanguiflua, Drury. Range. N.E. India ; Burma ; Malacca ; Borneo ; Java. Claspers in male very much enlarged ; branches of antennae short ; frons very much produced. Fore wing with the apex and outer margin rather square ; veins 7, 8, and 9 stalked. 582. Amesia sanguiflua, Dntry, III. Exot. Ins. ii, p. 35, pi. 20, figs. 1,2; C. $ S. no. 402. Antenna blue ; head, thorax, and abdomen black, marked with metallic blue or green. Fore wing black, with some bluish subbasal marks ; five irregularly placed yellow spots near the base ; the veins broadly edged with vinous red from just before the middle of the wing to near outer margin ; four small white spots below the Fig. 180. — Amesia sanguiflua, <$ . \. costa, two in the cell and five beyond ; a submarginal series of white spots. Hind wing black, with a broad brilliant blue apical marginal band narrowing to anal angle ; two small white spots in the cell on a brilliant blue ground and four beyond. Underside with the white spots larger, more numerous, and all on blue grounds ; a yellow spot in cell of hind wing in addition to those on fore wing. Hab. Sikhim; Khasis ; Sylhet; Shillong ; Burma. Exp. 100- 110 millim. 583. Amesia aliris, Doubl. A. M. N. H. (1) xix. p. 74 ; C. # S. no. 400. Differs from sanguiflua in the fore wing being without the vinous edges to the veins, and the spots being reddish orange instead of yellow. AMESIA. — ERASMIA. 273 A female from the Karen Hills has the anal area of hind wing white. flab. Sikhim ; Assam; Nagas; Sylhet ; Karen Hills. Exp., <$ ? , 86-92 millim. 584. Amesia hyala, Druce, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 518 ; Waterh. Aid, ii, pi. 172, fig. 3. Differs from aliris in the thorax having four white instead of blue dots ; wings uniform brown, with the veins towards outer margin more or less outlined with white. Fore wing with a white dot at base ; eight white dots beyond the cell between the nervules arranged in three series. Hind wing with two blue spots in the cell, one below it ; four dots beyond the cell, the two upper ones white. Underside with the blue and white spots larger ; additional blue spots below the costa and in and below the cell of the fore wing. Hab. Sikhim ; Borneo. Exp. 102 millim. Genus ERASMIA. Erasmia, Hope, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 446 (1841). Type, E. pulchella, Hope. Range. China ; Formosa ; N.E. India. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked and much curved ; 7, 8, and 9 stalked. 585. Erasmia pulchella, Hope, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 446, pi. xxxi, fig. 5 ; C. 8f S. no. 454. Antennae, head, and thorax metallic blue-green; abdomen whitish, more or less suffused with green. Fore wing black ; the base suffused with metallic blue-green ; an orange-red irregular oblique antemedial band ; a similar metallic blue-green medial baud ; Fig. 181. — &rasmia pulchella a postmedial maculate baud of irregularly placed white spots, edged with green ; two subapical white spots ; veins of the outer area blue-green. Hind wing pale yellow ; the base and a patch on the costa blue-green ; an apical marginal black band crossed by the blue-green veins. VOL. I. T 274 The Tibet race has less blue on the fore wing, and the marginal band of hind wing wider. Hob. Sikhim; Assam; Nagas; Sylhet. #ay., rf 80, $ 90 millim. Genus CAMPYLOTES. Campylotes, Westw. Royle's III. HimaL p. liii (1839). Type, C. liistrionicus, Westw. Range. Tibet ; Himalayas ; Assam Hills. Legs with the spurs extremely minute. Frons hardly produced. Fore wing with veins 3, 4, and 5 stalked together ; 10 stalked with 7, 8, and 9 ; veins 2 to 10 all much curved. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked ; veins 2 to 5 much curved. 586. Campy lotes histrionicus, Westw. Royleslll. HimaL p. liii, pi. 10, fig. 1 ; C. 8f S. no. 456. Campy lotes histrionicus, var. altissima, Elw. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 384, pi. xxxiii, fig. 1. Campylotes sikkimensis, Elw. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 384, pi. xxxiii, fig. 2. Head, thorax, and abdomen blue-black ; tegulae yellow ; pectus spotted with yellow ; abdomen banded with yellow below. Fore wing blue-black, with two long red streaks below the costa ; two in the cell, the upper red, the lower red and yellow; three yellow streaks below the cell ; a red spot between veins 2 and 3 ; a white spot in the end of the cell ; a series of six beyond and two sub- apical spots. Hind wing blue-black, with a red streak below the Fig. 182. — Campylutes histrionicus, <3". \ costa ; two in the cell, and four below, of which the upper one is red, the next red and yellow, and the other two yellow ; a series of five red and yellow streaks beyond the cell, and a red and yellow- spot between veins 4 and 5. In the form altissima the spot in the cell of the fore wing and the one on the costa above are yellow, also the spots between veins 3 and 4, and 4 and 5. Exp., 51-56 millita. CAMPYLOTES. CADPHISES. 275 In the form sikkimensis (exp., $ 44, $ 62 millim.) all the spots towards the apex of the fore wing are yellow, and the collar is yellow in the female. These differences are perfectly constant in a large number of specimens. In a var. of histrionicus from the Khasis the whole of the red markings are turned to orange. Hob. Throughout the Himalayas ; Khasis. Exp. 80 millim. 587. Campylotes desgodinsi, Oberth. Et. Ent. livr. ix, p. 18, pi. ii, fig. 10. Campylotes desgodinsi, var. splendida, Elw. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 384, pi. xxxiii, fig. 3. $ . Differs from the form sikkimensis of histrionicus in having the tegulas and collar black. In the form splendida, from the Naga Hills, besides the size being greater, the coloration is much brighter and the ground-colour blue-black not greenish. Hob. Tibet. Exp. 61 millim. — Var. splendida. Hob. Nagas. Exp. 78 millim. 588. Campylotes atkinsoni, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 17 ; C. Sr S. no. 455 j Waterh. Aid, ii, pi. 92. With no yellow on thorax or abdomen. Wings shot with green. Fore wing with two red streaks below the costa; two in the cell and three obsolescent streaks below ; a red streak between veins 2 and 3 ; a series of four white spots beyond the cell and two subapical white spots. Hind wing shot with green ; all the red markings obsolescent except the spots in the interspaces between veins 2 to 5. Underside with the red streaks of the hind wing well developed on the costal half of the wing ; the inner area of both wings rather bare and shining. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 72 millim. Genus CADPHISES. Cadphises, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 800. Type, C. maculata, Moore. Range. Sikhim ; Khasis ; Nagas. Wings broad. Mid and hind tibiae with short terminal pairs of spurs. Pore wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked and curved, vein 10 stalked with 7, 8, and 9, which are all curved. 589. Cadphises maculata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 801, pi. 42, fig. 7 ; C. $ S. no. 361. Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen purplish black, spotted with T 2 276 ZJGJEN1DJE. white. Wings purplish black, with numerous small white spots. Hind wing bright yellow from the inner margin to vein 1 b. Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 70-90 millim. Fig. 183.— Cadphises maculata, $. }. 590. Cadphises moorei, Butl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 392 ; C. $ S. no. 362. $ . Differs from maculata in the inner margin of the hind wing being purplish black, spotted with white, similar to the rest of the wing. This may prove to be a variety of maculata, as some specimens have a tendency to be intermediate. I lab. Sikhim ; Khasis ; Nagas. Exp. 70-88 millim. Genus ISBARTA. Isbarta, Wtk. Cat. vii, p. 1672 (1856). Type, /. ylauca, "VVlk., from Sumatra. liaiKje. Bhutan ; Assam Hills ; Burma ; Borneo ; Sumatra ; Celebes. Fore wing with vein 6 stalked with 7, 8, and 9, all being much curved; 10 bent upwards and touching 12; 11 anastomosing with 12 ; numerous veinlets from 12 to the costa. 591. Isbarta binghami, Butl A. M. N. H. (5) x, 1882, p. 374; C. 8f S. no. 417. $ . Antenna metallic blue ; head, thorax, and abdomen black and white. Fore wing white : the costa, subcostals, and median nervures blue ; all the nervures bordered with black ; black spots in the middle and upper angle of cell ; a submarginal series of black spots from vein 4 to the inner margin. Hind wing white ; the whole disk bright yellow ; the outer margin and veins near it black ; cilia of both wings white. This species is probably a mimic of Danais crocea. ISBARTA. — CALLAMESIA. 277 In Coll. B. M. is a specimen of /. pieridoides, H.-S., labelled Dar- jiling, but as it is a Bornean species and an excellent mimic of Idiopsis daos, which does not occur in Sikhim, and as the specimen was bought at an auction, the locality is almost certainly wrong. Hob. Tenasserirn. Exp. 74 millim. Fig. 184.— Isbarta binghami, $. |. 592. Isbarta imitans, Bull 111. Het. v, p. 24, pi. 84, fig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 418. cJ • Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen metallic blue or green, with white markings. Wings cupreous brown, with yellowish- white spots and streaks in the interspaces ; fore wing with one streak below the cell, two in the cell, and three longer streaks below it, six spots beyond the cell and a submarginal series of six spots. Hind wing with the inner area shot with green ; two streaks in the cell and three below it, and a series of five streaks beyond the cell. $ with the inner area of hind wing not shot with green. An excellent ' mimic ' of Danais aglea. Nab. Bhutan ; Karen Hills. Exp., rf 72, $ 84 millim. 593. Isbarta cuprea, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 475. 2 . Pore wing brown, shot with purplish cupreous ; a small basal white spot ; a submarginal obsolescent series of spots. Hind wing brown ; two pale streaks in the cell ; a series of streaks between the nervules beyond the cell. Cilia of both wings white. Under- side with the costa of both wings blue. Hob. Khasis ; E. Pegu. Krp. 80 millim. Genus CALLAMESIA. Callamesia, Bull. A. M. N. H. (5) xvi, p. 345 (1853). Type, C. midama, H.-S. Range. N.E. India ; Burma ; Malacca ; Nias. Fore wing with vein 1 c bent and sending a bar to 1 b ; veins 6, 7, 8, and 9 stalked, vein 10 not quite touching 12, 11 anastomosing with 12 ; numerous veinlets between 12 and the costa. 278 ZYG^ENIDvF. 594. Callamesia midama, Herr.-Schaffer, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. pl.2,fig.7(cf); 6". 4- & no. 401. Cyclosia venusta, Wlk. Cat. ii. p. 416 ; C. 8f S. no. 424. Epyrgis hormenia, Herr.-Schaff'er, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. pi. 2, fig. 8 ( $ ) ; C. $ S. no. 404. Ainesia stelligera, Butl. III. Het. v. p. 23, pi. 83, figs. 8, 9 ; C. $ S. no. 403. <3 . Antennae metallic blue ; head, thorax, and abdomen black, the last banded with white below ; the collar spotted with blue ; abdomen and hind wing shot with purple. Fore wing with two series of small white spots ; the apex and outer margin Fig. 185. — Callamesia midama, rf . }. brilliant blue. Hind wing with the apex brilliant blue ; the two series of spots sometimes more or less reproduced. Underside with two white spots in the cell of the fore wing and two beyond ; the two series of submarginal spots larger and present on both wings ; the costa and outer margin of both wings brilliant blue : the inner area purplish. 9 with the fore wing less shot with blue ; two spots in the cell, two oeyond, and two below the cell in addition to those of the male. Hind wing with two series of spots well represented, and also with two spots in the cell. In the form stelligera the inner submarginal series of spots on the hind wing is small ; in midama those towards the inner margin become streaks ; whilst in hormenia these streaks occupy the greater part of; .the cell and the interspaces below it. One Sikhim female is browner, with scarcely any blue shot on upperside. These variations occur irrespective of locality and only in the female. The species is a beautiful ' mimic ' of the blue Euplceas. Hob. Sikhim ; Bhutan ; Assam ; Nagas ; Sylhet ; Burma : Siam. Exp., (j 74, $ 86 millim. Genus GYNAUTOCERA. Gynautocera, Guer. Mag. Zool. 1831, Ins. pi. 12. Type, Q. papilionaria, Guer. Range. Himalayas ; N.E. India : Calcutta ; Burma. GYNAUTOCERA. — HISTIA. 279 The fore wing very much produced at apex, so that the outer margin becomes very oblique; veins 7, 8, and 9 stalked; numerous veinlets between vein 12 and the costa. Hind wing rounded; mid and hind tibiaB with minute terminal pairs of spurs. 595. Gynautocera papilionaria, Gmr. Mag. Zool. 1831, pi. 12 ; C. 8f S. no. 399. Chalcosia selene, Koll. HuqeVs Kaschmir, iv. p. 463. Histia frateraa, Moore, P.'Z. S. 1883, p. lo ; C. $ S. no. 397. Gynautocera rara, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 476. Antennae metallic blue ; head, thorax, and abdomen black ; vertex of head crimson ; pectus and segmental bands on abdomen below and end of abdomen crimson. Wings black; fore wing with a greenish tinge, aud the veins of the outer half bordered with greenish fuscous; hind wing shot with deep blue; a large white Fig. 186. — Gynautocera papUionaria, <$ . \. patch between veins 2 and 5, extending slightly into the cell and with its edges and the veins crossing it metallic blue. Base of wings below crimson. In the form fratema the white patch of the hind wing extends to the costa and nearly to anal angle, whilst in rara it is small and suffused with blue and there is a little crimson on the metathorax. Hob. The Himalayas ; Calcutta ; Assam ; Nagas ; Sylhet ; Bas- sein (Pegu) ; Tenasserim. Exp. 84-96 millim. Genus HISTIA. Histia, Hubn. Verz. p. 198 (1818). Type, H. flabellicornis, Fabr. Rang*. N.E. & S. India ; China ; Burma ; Java. Fore wing with shape and venation as in Gynautocera, except that vein 11 anastomoses with 12. Hind wing with the outer margin produced into a long tail, and the cell lengthened and narrowed. 280 596. Histia flabellicornis, Fabr. Sp. Ins. ii, p. ]63 ; C. 8r S. no. 306. Papilio rhodope, Cram. Pap. Exot. i. pi. 30 E. Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing coloured as in Gynautocera papilionaris, except that the abdomen is marked with blue. Hind 187.— Histia flabeUicomis, <$. wing brilliant metallic blue or green to near the end of cell, the distal portion black, with a slight blue shot. Underside with the bases of the wings crimson, the basal half with a blue spot. Hob. Hong Kong; Sikhiin ; Assam: K basis; Naigas : Burma. Exp. 70-80 millim. 597. Histia nilgira, Moore, Lep. Atl\ p. 18 : C. fy S. no. 398. Differs from Jlabellic&rnis in the metallic-green colour of Un- bind wing extending to beyond the cell in the male ; female with a broad whitish band across the hind wing beyond the cell includ- ing the extremity of the cell and widest on the disk. Hob. Slopes of Nilgiris, 3000 feet. Ecp. <$ 68, $ 78 millim. 598. Histia albimacula, n. sp. Histia selene, Wlk. (nee AW/.) Cat. ii, p. 413. c? from Burma differs from that sex of fldbellicornis and nilyira in having a white patch below the end of the cell of the hind wing between veins 2 to 4. The $ from Java has the white band as in nilyira. Hob. Momeit, Burma, 2000 feet (Doherty}, and Java. Kcp. 68 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 599. Histia cometaris, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) x, 1882, p. 374; C $• S- no. 395. ^ . The basal half of the hind wing black, with a very slight blue suffusion towards the inner margin ; the white band extends from the inner margin to the cell, but does not reach the costa. Hob. Tenasserim ; E. Pegu, 3000 feet. Exp. 76 millim. CANEECES. — PHILOPATOB. Genus CANERCES. 281 Canerkes, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 802. Type, C. euschemoides, Moore. Range. Eastern Pegu ; Sylhet ; Sikhim. Palpi very minute. Legs without spurs. Fore wing with the outer margin excised ; vein 3 from the end of the cell ; 4 and 5 stalked ; 6, 7, 8, and 9 stalked together, and not curved. Hind wing broad and square ; vein 6 absent. 600. Canerces euschemoides, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 802, pi. 42, fig. 8 ; C. $ S. no. 349. c? . Antennae blue-black ; head and thorax yellow, with black markings ; abdomen yellow, with black segmental bands. Fore wing with the basal half yellow ; two blue-black spots near the Fig. 188. — Canerces eusckemoides, base, one in the cell, and a larger blue-black spot on inner margin; distal halt' of wings deep blue-black, with black streaks in the inter- spaces ; a white spot in the end of the cell, five beyond, and two in the interno-median interspace. Hind wing yellow, with an irregular black patch on the apex and outer margin, extending round below the cell and enclosing three yellow spots between veins 2 to 5 ; vein 16 streaked with black. Underside with the apical half of fore wing brilliant blue. A beautiful ' mimic ' of the Euschemas of the bellona group. Nab. Sikhim ; Sylhet ; E. Pegu, 1000 feet. Exp. 62 millim. Genus PHILOPATOR. Philopator, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 800. Type, P. basimaculata, Moore. Range. Sikhim to Manipur. Wings rounded. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked, 7, 8, and 9 stalked ; 11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with vein 6 present. 282 601. Philopator basimaculata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 800, pi. 4-2, fig. 6 ; C.SfS. no. 360. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow. Tore wing with the base yellow, edged with black and with two series of black spots on Fig. 189.— Philopator basimaculata, tf . \. it ; the rest of the wing milky white, the veins and margins fus- cous ; two fuscous spots at the end of the cell and fuscous streaks in each of the marginal interspaces. Hind wing similar to the fore wing, except that there is only one black spot on the yellow basal patch and one in the end of the cell. 3 . The wings narrower ; the outer half of both wings suffused with fuscous. Hub. Sikhim ; Nagas ; Manipur. Krp., <$ 50, $ 44-58 millim. Genus AGALOPE. Agalope, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 437 (1854). Type, A. hyalina, Koll. liange. Himalayas ; Burma. Wings shorter than in Philopator; the outer margin of fore wing more erect ; vein 11 not anastomosing with 12 ; veins 4 and 5 rarely from the cell. 602. Agalope hyalina, Koll. Hugefs Kaschmir, iv, p. 462. Agalope basalis, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 438 ; Butt. III. Het. v, pi. 84, fi«r. 5 ; C. $ S. no. 429. Agalope primularis, Butt. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 392 ; id. III. Het. v, pi. 84, fig. 7; C. %S. no. 431. Agalope glacialis, Bull. III. Het. v, p. 26, pi. 84, fig. 6 ; C. # S. no. 430. Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen black. Wings yellowish hyaline ; fore wing with the base orange ; a fuscous band across the cell, which is sometimes continued as a waved line to near the outer angle ; the apical marginal area fuscous ; the veins crossing it dark ; a pale spot between veins 7 and 8, and a larger one between veins 3 and 4. Hind wing uniform yellowish hyaline. In the var. primularis the basal orange patch to the fore wing is generally absent ; the area below the cell is brighter yellow, and the transverse band and apical fuscous area are more extensive. AGALOPE. — CHELTJEA. 283 In glacialis the wings are whitish hyaline ; the cell of the fore wing from the orange basal patch to near the end suffused with fuscous. Fig. 190. — Agalope hyalina, rf. j. Hob. Himalayas, from Simla to Sikhim : Manipur ; Burma. c? 42, $ 50 millim. Genus CHELURA. Chelura, Hope, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 444 (1841). Type, C. bifasciata, Hope. Range. The Himalayas ; Burma. Fore wing with the apex more produced than in Agalope • the outer margin more oblique and excised ; veins 4 and 5 on a longer stalk ; veins 10 and 11 given off closer together. SECT. I. Veins 4 to 9 of fore wing not much curved ; vein 6 from below the angle of cell. 603. Chelura bifasciata, Hope, Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 444 ; C. $ S. no. 451. Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen black, the terminal seg- ments of the last consisting of red-brown horny plates. Wings Fig. 191.— Chelura bifasciata, J. |. fuscous hyaline, the veins blackish ; fore wing with the base black, 284 then a subbasal orange band edged with black ; an orange medial band edged with black. Hob. Nairn Tal; Nepal; Sikhim ; Assam. Exp. 90 millim. SECT. II. Veins 4 to 9 of the fore wing much curved ; vein 6 given off close to 7. 604. Chelura eronioides, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 15 ; C. $ S. no. 452. Differs from bifasciata in the fore wing having a small white spot on the basal black patch ; the subbasal orange band present, but not the medial orange or fuscous bands ; the marginal area with the pale patches between the fuscous-edged veins reduced to spots. In one abnormal specimen vein 6 of the hind wing forks before the margin. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 64 millim. 605. Chelura basiflava, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 391 ; C. $ S. no. 450 ; Waterh. Aid, ii, pi. 131, fig. 3. Differs from eronioides in the collar, tegulae, and end of abdomen being chestnut ; the whole base of fore wing chestnut ; two fuscous antemedial bands on a pale ground ; the outer half fuscous, with four pale spots in the cell and a series between the nervules beyond the cell. Hind wing with the base pale ; the outer area fuscous, with a series of pale spots beyond the cell. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 68 millim. 606. Chelura glacialis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 570; C. $ S. no. 453. d" . Collar and thorax olive-brown ; the first and last segments of abdomen olive-brown, the medial segments whitish, with a lateral white stripe. Fore wing with the base olive-brown, followed by a whitish-hyaline area, then an irregular fuscous band ; the apical marginal area fuscous, with pale spots in the interspaces. Hind wing whitish hyaline, with a fuscous spot at the end of the cell, and the outer margin fuscous. $ with the fuscous markings on the wings much reduced. Appears to " mimic" Abraxas leopardina. Hob. Sikhim; Burma. .£brp. 57 DiilJim. Genus ELCYSMA. Elcysma, Eutl Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 4. Type, E. westwoodi, Voll., from Japan. Range. Japan ; Naga Hills. Fore wing as in Chelura Sect. I. Hind wing with the outer margin produced into a long tail between veins 3 and 7 ; veins 4 and 5 stalked. ELCYSMA. 285 607. Elcysma dohertyi, Elw. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 386, pi. xxxiv, fig. 4. c? . Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen black. Wings fuscous hyaline, with the veins darker. Fore wing with a small basal black Fig. 192.— Elcysma dohertyi, J. J. patch, followed by a broad subbasal orange band, edged with fuscous. On the left fore wing of the type veins 7 and 8 anastomose before the margin. Differs from ivesiwoodi in vein 10 of fore wing being given off much closer to the end of the cell ; veins 4 and 5 of hind wing being on a shorter footstalk, and 7 being given off from 6 just before the margin instead of from the cell. Hob. Nagas, 5000 feet. Exp. 72 millim. Subfamily PHAUDIN^. The mouth parts wanting ; branches of antennae not dilated at extremities ; antennae not flabellate at tips. Key to the Genera. a. Hind wing broad and rounded. a'. Fore wing with vein 1 c present, 3 and 4 stalked ; 11 not anastomosing with 12 . V. Fore wing with vein 1 c absent, 3 and 4 from the cell; 11 anastomosing with 12. 2. b. Hind wing long and narrow. a'. Abdomen without tufts of hair 3. ALOPHOGASTER, b'. Abdomen with short lateral and long [p. 287. 1. BORADIA, p. 286. 2. ANOMCEOTES, p. 286. anal paired tufts of hair 4. PHAUDA, p. 287. 286 c. Hind wing with the outer margin produced into a long tail, or in some females the whole wing filamentous ; frenulum [p. 288. absent 5. H^MA^7TOPTERUS, Genus BORADIA. Boradia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 391. Type, B. cameola, Moore. Range. N.W. Himalayas. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked; 6 from the upper angle of the cell ; 7 and 8 stalked ; 9 and 11 absent. Hind wing with all the veins from thv cell, or 3 and 4 abnormally stalked. Mid and hind tibiae without spurs. Fig. 193. Boradia carneola, $ . \. 608. Boradia carneola, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 392 ; C. $ S. no. 366. Antennae, head, and thorax grey ; abdomen black. Wings uniform yel- lowish hyaline. Hab. Kangra. AVy>. ^6 millim. Genus ANOM(EOTES. Anomoeotes, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. C, fig. 5, Erkl. Ilet. p. 1 (1874). Akesina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 395. Type, A. levis, Feld., from Natal. Range. Kangra ; Natal ; Angola. Antennae bipectinated. Mid and hind tibiae without spurs. Fore wing with vein 1 c absent, 6 from near the middle of cell, 7 and 8 stalked, 9 and 10 absent, 11 anastomosing with 12. Fig. 194. Anomoeotes basalia, 609. Anomoeotes basalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 396; Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 28, pi. cxxi, tig. 9 ; C. $ S. no. 491 B. J . Antennae fuscous ; head, thorax, and abdomen pale fulvous. Base of wings fulvous, the remainder semidia- phanous, fuscous. Hab. Kangra. Eccp. 28 millim. ALOPHOGASTEB. — PHAUDA. 287 Genus ALOPHOGr ASTER, nov. Type, A. rubribasis, Hnipsn. Range. Naga Hills. Antennae bipectinated, with short branches. Fore wing with all the veins from the cell. Hind wing long and narrow. Ab- domen without tufts of hair. Tibiae without spurs. G10. Alophogaster rubribasis, n. sp. cJ. .Antennae black; head, thorax, and abdomen scarlet, the last with black bands on the segments above. Wings semi- diaphanous fuscous ; fore wings with the base scarlet; the rest of the wing with purple tints in a side light. •pv Alophogaster rubribasis, 3. Hob. Naga Hills. Exp. 27 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus PHAUDA, Phauda, Wlk. Cat. i, p. 256 (1854). Type, P. flammans, Wlk. Range. China; North Indii ; Java; Sumatra. Antennae with short bipectinations in the male, simple in the female. Wings very long and narrow ; fore wing with the apex rounded and outer margin very oblique ; hind wing with vein 6 from near the middle of discocellulars. Mid and hind tibiae with minute terminal pairs of spurs. Abdomen with lateral tufts of hair on all except the first two segments, and a pair of long anal tufts in the male. SECT. I. Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 arising from the cell. Gil. Phauda flammans, Wlk. Cat. i, p. 257; C. $ S. no. 284; Butt. III. Het. i, p. 20, pi. 9, fig. 2. Antennae black, with white tips ; head and thorax scarlet : abdomen black, sparsely covered with scarlet hairs and with thick scarlet lateral tufts, a pair of long, black, anal tufts in the male. Fore wing scarlet ; a large, rounded, black patch on outer margin. Iliud wing serai- dia )hanous ; the basal area led lish, the outer area blackish. Hob. Simla ; Sikhim ; Burma. Exp., 3 34, $ 30 millim. Fig. 196. Phauda flammans, 288 SECT. II. Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 stalked. 612. Phauda fuscalis, Swinh. Cat. Net. Mus. Oxon., ined. $ . The wings fuscous, with only the base of fore wing red. Hob. Assam. Exp. 43 millim. Genus HIMANTOPTERUS. Himantopterus, Westmael, Bull Acad. Brux. iii, p. 162 (1836). Thymara, Doubleday, Zoologist, i, p. 197 (1843). Type, H.fusdnervis, Westm., from Java. Range. Africa ; Assam ; S. India ; Burma ; Java. The antennae bipectinated in the male, serrated in the female. Mid and hind tibiae with minute terminal pairs of spurs. Frenu- lum absent. Wings covered with hair-like scales ; the neuration varies so much that a genus might be made for each species ; the hind wing narrow and terminating in a long tail, in the females of some of the species filiform throughout. The neuration of hind wing much aborted ; the costal and internal veins, when present, anastomose for some distance with the subcostal and median, which meet toward the end of the broad part of the wing to form the cell. They are degraded forms which have zaida ^^ arisen from an ancestral type ; the veinlet in the cell and vein 1 c of fore wing being more or less developed, show that they belong to the Zyyanidap, and the absence of mouthparts places them in the subfamily Phaudince near Pryeria, while on the other hand they are allied to the Psychida>. 613. Himantopterns dohertyi, Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 332, pi. x, figs. 1-7. c? . Fuscous ; the collar and end of abdomen orange. Fore wing with the disk diaphanous ; veins 4 and 5 from the lower angle of the cell, 10 and 11 absent. Hind wing with the basal part orange, the distal portion and tail black, with a few yellowish hairs at tip ; neuration less aborted than the other members of the genus, *8 veins being present. 2 . The thorax ochreous : the whole of fore wing diaphanous ; hind wing filiform throughout, but with the neuration as in male. Hob. Naga Hills, 5000 feet. Exp., 3 24, £ 34 millim. 614. Himantopterus caudatus, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 394 ; C. fy S. no. 458; Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, pi. x,figs. 9, 11. Differs from dohertyi in the disk of the fore wing being red- dish ; veins 4 and 5 stalked and 10 present. Hind wing broader and orange, with a round black spot below the cost a and another near the anal angle ; the tail black ; veins 1 and 3 absent. Hob. Nilgiris and Wynaad, 3000 feet ; Burma. Exp. 3 20 millim. PSYCHICS. 289 615. Himantopterus zaida, Uoubleday^ Zoologist, i, p. 197; Elwes, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, pi. x, figs. 8, 10 ; C. $ S. no. 459. <$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous. Fore wing ochreous, with the veins and margins black. Hind wing broader than in caudatus and ochreous, with two similar black spots and the tail black; veins 1, 3, and 4 absent. Hob. Khasi Hills. Exp. 20 millim. The following species formerly recorded as Indian are omitted. Debos iratus, Swinh., C. & S. no. 277, is probably a Tinea. Dioptis perdica, Cram., C. & S. no. 350, Geometer from Aniboina. Codane leucomelas, Moore, C. & S. no. 442, is from Siam. The genus Chatamla, Moore, C. & S. nos. 426, 427, 428, belongs to the Epiplemidce. Atossa nelcinna, Moore, C. & S. no. 457, belongs to the Uraniidce. C. & S. nos. 351-359 form the family Epicopiidce. 'r\ Family PSYCHID^. The larvae feed in a case composed of a silk lining with twigs, grass, and bits of leaves or vegetable matter attached to the outside. The pupa is formed inside the larva-case. The perfect female also lives in the case and is devoid of legs,wings, antennae, and mouth-parts (being thus merely a vermiform egg-sac) ; the three thoracic segments bear corneous dorsal plates. In the genera Bijugis and Fumea, however, the antennae are articulated. Copulation takes place by the male alighting on the case and inserting his protrusible abdomen between the case and the ventral surface of the female ; in Fwnea the female comes out of the case for copulation. Parthenogenesis is known to be the normal method of re- production in Apterona helix, but it is ex- tremely doubtful if it often occurs in other species of Psycliidce. The males have the antennae bipectinated (or serrate in the genus Apterona) ; the proboscis, palpi, and ocelli absent. Fore wing with two internal nervures, 1 b being forked at the base ; a single or forked veinlet in the cell. Hind wing with a frenulum and three internal nervures.* Fig. 198.— Larva of Clania crameri. \ . * After the Psychida would follow the Solenobia section of the Tineida, if the Heterocera could be arranged in a linear series. VOL. I. U 290 PSYCHID.*:. Key to the Subfamilies. a. Fore wing with veins 1 b and c anastomosing. a. Fore wing with vein 1 b sending several branches to inner margin 1. CEceticince. b'. Fore wing with vein 1 b sending no branch to inner margin 3. Chaliince. b. Fore wing with veins 1 b and c anastomosing or separate. a. Fore wing with vein 1 b sending one branch to inner margin 2. Psy china. c. Fore wing with veins 1 b and c separate ; 1 6 sending no branch to inner margin. a. Hind tibiae with one pair of spurs 5. Psychoidina;. b'. Hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs 4. Canepliorina. Subfamily CECETICIN^E, H.-S. Fore wing with vein 1 c anastomosing with 1 6, which emits several branches to the inner margin ; a forked veinlet in the cell of both wings. Key to the Genera. a. Antennae bipectinate to two-thirds length; abdomen long; wings long and narrow .... 1. GEcETicus, p. 290. b. Antennae bipectinate to tip ; abdomen shorter ; wings broader and shorter. a'. Fore tibia with a spine 2. CLANIA, p. 291. b'. Fore tibia without a spine 3. AMATISSA, p. 292. Genus (ECETICUS. Oiketicus, Lands. Guild. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv, p. 375 (1827). Dappula, Moore, Lep. Ceyl ii, p. 103 (1883). Type, 0. Icirbyi, L. Guild., from Central America. Range. Central and S. America; China; Ceylon; Australia. <$ . Antennae bipectinated to two-thirds length ; the wings long and straight ; the abdomen extending far beyond the anal angle. Fore tibia with a very long spine. G16. CEceticus tertius, Tempi. Trans. Ent. Soc. v, 1847, p. 39, pi. v, figs. 1-5 (larva-case). Oiketicus templetonii, Westw. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 234 ; C.$S. no. 492. Fig. 199.— (Eceticus tertitiK, tf. }. Head and thorax greyish black ; abdomen fuscous. Fore (ECETICUS. — CLANIA. 291 wing greyish fuscous ; the veins streaked with brown ; a black patch at end of cell ; a black streak beyond the end of cell ; a dark patch at base of inner margin. Hind wing greyish fuscous ; the veins streaked with brown. Larva-case covered with minute comminuted fragments of vegetable matter. Hob. Hongkong; Ceylon. Exp. 36 millim. Genus CLANIA. Clania, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 963 (1855). Eumeta, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 964 (1855). Cryptothelea, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 970 (1855). Lansdownia, Heyl Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxv, 1881, p. 66. Type, G. lewini, Westw., from Australia. Range. Centr. America; Africa; Japan; Formosa: India and Ceylon ; Borneo ; Java ; Celebes ; Australia ; Duke of York Island. c? . Antennae bipectinated to tips ; abdomen shorter than in (Eceticus. Wings large and broad : fore wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked, 6 present, 8 and 9 stalked ; hind wing with vein 8 sending branches to the costa. Fore tarsus with the terminal joint long ; tibia with a long spine. 617. Clania crameri, Westw. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 236 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 118, figs. 1, 1 a (larva-case) ; C. $ S. no. 490. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with light and dark brown hair. Fore wing red- brown, the veins streaked with black ; the interspaces with pale streaks ; more or less fuscous suffusion on outer area. Hind wing smoky brown. Wings rather short and broad. Larva-case formed of longitudinally arranged twigs. Hob. Ceylon. Eocp. 30 millim. 618. Clania variegata, Snell. Tijd. Ent. xxii, 1879, p. 114. Eumeta layardii, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 102, pi. 118, figs. 2, 2« (larva- case) ; C. $ S. no. 491. Eumeta pryeri, Leech, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 598. Eumeta sik]tima,}Moore, Indian Museum Notes, ii, no. 1, p. 67 (1891). Fig. 200. — Clania variegata, tf. \. <3 . Diffe rs from crameri in the wings being longer, the apex of fore wing more produced and pointed ; fore wing with the pale ir2 292 PSYCH™.*:. streaks in the interspaces more prominent. The form sikkima is darker. The number and position of the branches between vein 1 b of the fore wing and the inner margin, and also between vein 8 of the hind wing and the costa, are very variable ; a bar between veins 7 and 8 of the hind wing towards the apex is sometimes developed in addition to the one at centre of cell ; these variations occurring in specimens from the same locality. Hob. Shanghai; Canara; Nilgiris; Ceylon; Borneo; Celebes. Exp. 40-42 millim. Genus AMATISSA. Amatissa, Wlk. Joum. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 138 (1862). Bambalina, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 103 (1883). Kophene, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 72 (1879). Type, A. consorta, Tempi. Range. Calcutta ; Ceylon ; Borneo. Fore tibia without a spine ; the terminal joint of tarsus long. Antennae plumose. Fore wing with vein 1 b sending two spurs to inner margin and anastomosing with 1 c ; veins 8 and 9 stalked ; a forked veinlet in the cell, the lower branch sending a spur to median nervure. Hind wing with vein 6 absent; 8 connected with 7 by a bar and not sending spurs to the costa; a forked veinlet in cell. 619. Amatissa consorta, Tempi. Trans. Ent. Soc. v, 1847, p. 40, pi. v, figs. 6, 7, (larva-case) ; C. $ S. no. 489. Amatissa inornata, Wlk. Joum. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 138. c? . Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing uniform dark brown. Larva-case covered with minute comminuted fragments of vegetable matter. Hob. Colombo, Ceylon ; Borneo. Fig. 201.— Amatissa cotisorta, rf. \. Exp. 28 millim. 820 Amatissa cuprea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 72 ; C. $ S. no. 497. c? . Uniform bright brown with a slight golden tinge. Hab. Calcutta. Exp. 24 millim. Subfamily PSYCHING, H.-S. Fore wing with veins 16 and c anastomosing or remaining separate ; 1 b emitting a single branch to inner margin ; the vein- lets in the cell single or forked. Fore tibia) with or without a spine ; hind legs shorter than fore legs ; tibiae with no spurs or with a minute terminal pair. ACANTHOPSYCHE. 293 Key to Genera and Subyenera. A. Fore tibia with a long spine I. ACANTHOPSYCHE, p. 293. a. Fore wing with veins 1 b and c anastomosing. a'. Hind wing with the cell closed. a2. Vein 6 absent in both wings . . (1) CECETicoiDES, p. 293. b2. Fore wing vein 6 present ; hind wing vein 6 absent .... (2) DASABATHA, p. 294. c2. Fore wing vein 6 absent; hind wing vein 6 present. ... (3) BBACHYCYTTABUS,P. 295. d2. Vein 6 present in both wings . (5) METISA, p. 296. b'. Hind wing with the cell open . . (4) PTEBOMA, p. 296. b. Fore wing with veins 1 b and c separate (6) AMICTA, p. 297. B. Fore tibia without a spine II. PSYCHE, p. 297. a. Fore wing with veins 1 b and c anastomosing. a'. Vein 6 present in both wings . . (1) MANATHA, p. 298. b'. Fore wing vein 6 present ; hind wing vein 6 absent (2) HEYLAEBTSIA, p. 298. c'. Fore wing vein 6 absent; hind wing vein 6 present (3) CHALIOIDES, p. 299. d'. Vein 6 absent in both wings . . (4) EUBYCYTTARUS, p. 299. b. Fore wing with veins 1 b and c not anastomosing (5) BABANDBA, p. 300. Genus ACANTHOPSYCHE. Acanthopsyche, Heyl. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1881, p. 66. $ . Antennae bipectinated to tips, the branches diminishing in length from the middle. Fore tibiae with a very long spine. ubgenus CECETICOIDES. Oiketicoides, Heyl Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1881, p. 66. Type, (E. inquinata. Led., from Europe. Range. Europe; Japan; India; Ceylon; Australia, c? . Fore wing with vein 1 c anastomosing with 1 b ; vein 6 absent in both wings. Hind wing with a bar between veins 7 and 8. SECT. I. Veins 4 and 5 of both wings stalked. Fore wing with vein 7 from cell. 621. Acanthopsyche ((Ece-ticoides) bipars, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 406 C. $ S. no. 866. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen black, clothed with white hairs. Fore wing hyaline, the basal area smoky black; veins and margins narrowly black. Hind wing with the basal two-thirds smoky black ; Fig. 202.- (Eceticoidcs bipars, rf.f. the marginal area hyaline; the veins and margins narrowly black. Hab. Bombay. Exp. 18-28 millim. 294 PSYCHIDjE. *622. Acanthopsyche ((Eceticoides) elwesi, Heyl Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1890, p. xi. <$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with greyish-black hair ; legs black, the tarsi yellowish. Wings uniform greyish black; fore wing with apex rounded ; veinlet in cell single. Hind wing rounded, the upper part of the cell much shorter than the lower. Hob. Ghinjam. Eccp. 18 millim. SECT. II. Veins 4 and 5 of both wings from the cell. Fore wing with vein 7 stalked with 8 and 9. 623. Acanthopsyche (^ftcoufcs)cana, Hmpm. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 19, fig. 21, pi. 176, fig. 8 (larva-case). 3 . Head white ; thorax and abdomen pale ochreous brown ; wings greyish fuscous. Larva-case rather smooth, covered with comminuted vegetable scales and fibres. Hab. Pundaloya, Ceylon. Evp. 24 millim. SECT. III. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 from cell, 7 from below angle of cell. *624. Acanthopsyche ( (Eceticoides) minor, Moore, Lep. Atk.ip.73', C. $ S. no. 498. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen pilose. "Wings covered with minute scales ; pale cupreous brown, palest below. Hab. Calcutta. Exp. 15 millim. Subgenus DASARA THA. Dasaratha, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 396. Type, D. himalayana, Moore. Range. Punjab. d . Fore wing with veins 1 b and c anastomosing ; vein 6 present; hind wing with vein 6 absent ; a bar between veins 7 and 8. The veinlet in the cell of both wings forked. 625. Acanthopsyche (Dasaratha) himalayana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 397; C. $ S. no. 497 A. c? . Nearly uniform dark brown ; the head and thorax rather darkest. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 4 and 5 from cell in both wings. Hab. Dharmsala, Punjab. Exp. 18 millim. 626. Acanthopsyche (Dasaratha) longicauda, Warren, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 299; C. $ S. no. 491 A. <5. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous grey; antennae ACA^THOPSYCHE. 295 brownish ; terminal segments of abdomen with a very long tuft of brownish hair. Wings hyaline, with a few ochreous and fuscous Fig. 203. 1. Acanthopsyche (Dasaratha) himalayana. 2. A, (Pteroma) plagiophleps. 3. A. (Brachycyttarus) subteralbata. 4. A. (Metisa) plana. 5. A. (Amicta) rhabdophora. fore wing with the costa brown ; vein 7 from the cell ; both wings with veins 4 and 5 stalked. Larva-case covered with pieces of straw placed longitudinally. Hob. Campbellpur. Exp. 31 millim. Subgenus BRA CHYCYTTAR US. Brachycyttarus, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined. Type, B. subteralbatus, Hmpsn. Range. Ceylon. cJ . Fore wing with veins 1 b and c anastomosing ; the cell very short ; veins 4 and 5 stalked ; 6 absent ; 8 and 9 stalked. Hind wing somewhat triangular in shape, with the upper part of the cell short ; a bar between veins 7 and 8. 627. Acanthopsyche (Brachycyttarus} subteralbata, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, ined., pi. 159, fig. 23, pi. 176, fig. 12 (larva-case). cf. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown. Wings dark brown ; the underside of hind wing shining bluish white. Larva-case covered by comminuted leaves and suspended by a silken thread. Tldb. Colombo, Ceylon. Exp. 15 millitn. 296 PSYCHIC. Subgenus PTER OMA . Pteroma, Bmpsn. III. Set. ix, ined. Type, P. plagiophleps, Hmpsn. Range. Ceylon. c? . The branches of antennas long. Fore wing with veins 1 b and c anastomosing; veins 6 and 7 absent; 8 and 9 stalked; 11 anastomosing shortly with 12. Hind wing more rounded than in Brachycyttarus ; the cell open ; vein 6 absent ; a bar between 7 and 8. 628. Acanthopsyche (Pteroma) plagiophleps, Hmpm. Ill Het. ix, ined., pi. 159, fig. 19, pi. 176, fig. 13 (larva-case). c? . Uniform pale brown ; the underside of hind wing bluish white. Larva-case suspended by a long silken thread ; both case and thread covered with comminuted fragments of leaves. Hab. Nawala-pittia, Ceylon. Exp. 16 millim. Subgenw METISA. Metisa, Wlk. Cat. iv. p. 957 (1855). Babula, Moore, J. A. S. B. lix, pt. 2, p. 262 (1890). Type, M. plana, Wlk. Range. India and Ceylon. cJ . Fore wing with veins 1 b and c anastomosing ; vein 6 present. Hind wing with vein 6 present, 8 coincident with 7 to end of cell. 629. Acanthopsyche (Metisa) plana, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 958 ; C. $ S. no. 494 ; Moore ,Lep. Ceyl. ii. pi. 118, fig. 9. <5 . Head pale brown ; thorax and abdomen black-brown, almost bare of scales. Wings very pale brown. Hab. Colombo, Ceylon. Exp. 16 millim. 630. Acanthopsyche (Metisa) moorei, Heyl Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg, 1890 p. 2. Babula grotei, Moore, J. A. S. B. lix, pt. 2, p. 262. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown ; wings coppery brown. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, and 9 stalked. Hab. Calcutta; Bangalore. Exp. 16-20 millim. *631. Acanthopsyche (Metisa^) snelleni, Heyl Bull. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1890, p. 3. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown ; wings yellowish brown, the 'Veins darker ; fore wing with the apex produced ; veins 8 and 9 stalked. Larva-case grey, formed of comminuted vegetable matter. Hab. Assam. Exp. 22 millim. ACANTHOPSYCHE. — PSYCHE. 297 Subgenus AMICTA. Amicta, Heyl. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1881, p. 66. Type, A. quadrangular is, Christ., from Europe. Range. Europe ; Turkestan ; Ceylon ; Java. Fore wing with veins 1 b and c separate. The typical section has vein 6 of both wings absent. SECT. II. The cell of both wings short ; fore wing with vein 6 present ; veins 7, 8, 9, and 10 stalked. 632. Acanthopsyche (Amicta) rhabdophora, Hmpm. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 159, fig. 22, pi. 176, figs. 10, 10 a, b, c, d (larva-case). c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen black. Fore wing smoky black, the base whitish. Hind wing pure white. Larva-case formed of comminuted fragments of vegetable matter, that of the male rougher and suspended by a long thread, whilst the case of the female is smoother and without a thread. Hob. Pimdaloya, Ceylon. Exp. 14 millim. Genus PSYCHE. Psyche, Schrank, Fauna JBoica, ii, 2 Abth. p. 87 (1802). c? . Antennae bipectinated to tips, the branches short or long. Fore tibia with no spine. Fore wing with 10 to 12 veins ; veins 1 b and c anastomosing or separate. Hind wing with 7 or 8 veins. Fig. 204. 1. Psyche (Manatha) albipet. 4. P. (Eurycyttarus) pileata. 2. P. (Ckalioides) vitrea. 5. P. (Barandrd)fumata. 3. P. (Heylaertsia) griseata. 298 PSYCHIDvE. Subgenus MANATHA. Manatha, Moore, A. M. N. H. (4) xx, p. 346 (1877). Type, M. albipes, Moore. Range. Ceylon. c? . Pore wing with veins 1 b and c anastomosing, 4 and 5 and 8 and 9 stalked; vein 6 from near upper angle of cell. Hind wing with vein 6 present ; a bar between veins 7 and 8. In the subgenus Megaloplianes, Heyl., type viciella, Den. and Schiff., vein 6 of the fore wing arises from near the lower angle of cell. 633. Psyche (Manatha) albipes, Moore, A. M. N. H. (4) xx, p. 347 ; id. Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 118, figs. 4, 4 a (larva-case) : C. $ S. no. 493. c? . Uniform dark brown ; the tarsi pure white. Larva-case covered with comminuted vegetable matter. Hob. Colombo, Ceylon. Exp. 20 millim. Subgenus HEYLAERTSIA, nov. Type, H. yriseata, Hmpsn. Range. Ceylon. S . Fore wing with veins 1 6 and c anastomosing ; vein 6 present, 8 and 9 stalked ; a forked veinlet in cell. Hind wing with vein 6 absent ; a bar between veins 7 and 8 ; veinlet in cell single. 634. Psyche (Heylaertsia) griseata, Ilmpm. 111. Het. ix,ined., pi. 159, fig. 13. cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown. Fore wing dark brown, with a bluish-grey patch powdered with brown scales between the lower angle of the cell and outer angle. Hind wing blue-grey, powdered with brown scales ; the apex and cilia brown. Hab. Pundaloya, Ceylon. Exp. 26 millim. 635. Psyche (Heylaertsia) fusca, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 159, fig. 14, pi. 176, fig. 16 (larva-case). <£ . Head, thorax, abdomen, and wings uniform dark brown. Larva-case rather short and formed of short pieces of stick arranged transversely in a quadrangle. Hab. Hewahetta, Ceylon. Exp. 24 millim. 636. Psyche (Heylaertsia) nudilineata, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 159, fig. 4. <5 . Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown. Fore wing pale brown, with three indistinct oblique bands, devoid of scales — medial, PSYCHE. 299 postmedial, and submarginal. Hind wing still paler, with traces of similar bands. Hob. Nawala-pittia, Ceylon. Exp. 20 millim. Subgenus CHALIOIDES. Chalioides, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined. Type, C. vitrea, Hmpsn. Range. Ceylon. Fore wing with veins 1 b and c anastomosing ; 4 and 5 stalked ; 6 absent ; 8 and 9 stalked. Hind wing with vein 6 present ; a bar between veins 7 and 8. Forked veinlets in the cell of each wing. Wings rather long and acute. 637. Psyche (Chalioides) vitrea, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 159, fig. 15. 3 . Head, thorax, and abdomen covered with grey-brown pile. Wings perfectly hyaline, the margins very narrowly black. Hab. Kandy, Ceylon. Exp. 28 millim. Subgenus EURYCYTTARUS. Eurukuttarus, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 66 (1891). Type, E. pileatus, Hmpsu. Range. Kashmir ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Vein 6 of both wings absent. Fore wing with veins 1 b and c anastomosing. Hind wing with a bar between veins 7 and 8. Veinlets in the cell of both wings single. SECT. I. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, and 9 from angle of cell ; 8 and 9 stalked. 638. Psyche (Eurycyttarus) pileata, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii. p. 66, pi. 144, fig. 13. cJ . Uniform brownish fuscous ; the thorax, abdomen, and base of wings rather paler. Hab. Xilgiris, S. slopes, 3000 ft. Exp. 20 millim. 639. Psyche (Eurycyttarus) nigra, n. sp. c? . Uniform deep black-brown ; apex of fore wing rounded. Hab. Kala, Kashmir (McArthur). Exp. 17 millim. Type in coll. Leech. SECT. II. Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 from angle of cell ; 9 from before the angle. 640. Psyche (Eurycyttarus) rotunda, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 159, fig. 16, pi. 176, fig. 11 (larva-case). c? . Differs from pileata in the wings being broader and more rounded. 300 PSYCHIDjE. Larva-case rough and covered with scales of bark on the upper part, with stalks and fibres on the lower, overlapping each other like tiles. Hob. Pundaloya, Ceylon. Exp. 18 millim. SECT. III. Fore wing with vein 8 absent. 641. Psyche (Eurycyttarus) decemvena, n. sp. c? . Uniform dark brown ; fore wing with the outer margin rather straight and erect. Hob. Kiris and Gurais Valley, Kashmir, 8000 ft. (Leech}. Exp. 17 millim. Type in coll. Leech. Subffenus BARANDRA. Barandra, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 396. Type, B. fumata, Moore. Range. N/VV. Himalayas. <5 . Fore wing with veins 1 I and c not anastomosing ; vein 6 absent ; 8 and 9 stalked. Hind wing with vein 6 absent ; a bar between 7 and 8. Veinlets in the cell of both wings single. 642. Psyche (Barandra) fumata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 396 ; C. $ S. no. 491 c. cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen brown ; the pro- and meso- thorax dark ; metathorax with two dark posterior spots. Wings uniform pale brown. Hob. Dharmsala. Exp. 22 millim. Subfamily CHALIESLE, nov. Fore wing with veins 1 b and c anastomosing and not sending any branches to inner margin. Veinlets in cell of both wings single or forked. Hind tibiae with no spurs. Key to the Genera. a. Fore tibia with a long spine. a'. Hind wing with veins 5 and 8 absent. ... 1. CHALIA, p. 301. b'. Hind wing with veins 5 and 8 present .. 2. MAHASKNA, p. :;<)1. b. Fore tibia without a spine 3. PTEROXYS, p. 302. CHALIA. — MAHASENA. 301 Genus CHALIA. Chalia, Moore, A. M. N. H. (4) xx, p. 345 (1877). Type, C. doubledayi) Westw. Range. Ceylon. 3 . Antennae with the branches decreasing to tip. Fore tibia with a very long spine. Wings broad and rounded ; fore wing with 12 veins ; hind wing with veins 5 and 8 absent ; veinlets in cell single. 643. Chalia doubledayi, Westw. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 235 ; C. $ S. no. 495; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 118, figs. 5, 5« (larva-case). <$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen covered with grey pile. Wings perfectly hyaline. Larva-case formed of longitudinally arranged twigs. Hal). Colombo, Ceylon. Exp. 20 millim. Fig. 205. 1. Chalia doiibledayi. 2. Pteroxys goniatus. 3. Mahasena hockingi. Genus MAHASENA. Mahasena, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 601. Type, M. andamana, Moore. Range. N.W. Himalayas ; Andainans. c? . Antennas with the branches decreasing to tip. Fore tibia with a very long spine. Wings longer than in Chalia ; fore wing with 12 veins ; hind wing with 8 veins ; the veinlets in the cell forked. 644. Mahasena andamana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 602, pi. 59, fig. 4 ; C. Sr S. no. 496. c? . Antennae and legs brownish fuscous ; head, thorax, and abdomen deep fuscous. Wings smoky brown, deep fuscous towards base ; hind wing with veins 4 and 5 from cell ; the fork of veinlets in the cell of both wings long. Hab. Andamans. Exp. 26 millim. 302 PSTCHIDJE. 645. Mahasena hockingi, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 397 : Butl III. Het. vii, pi. 121, fig. 5 ; C. 8f S. no. 496 A. (S . Very dark red-brown ; the hairs on thorax and abdomen blackish ; hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked ; the fork of the veinlets in the cell of both wings short. Hob. Kangra. Exp. 32 millim. Genus PTEROXYS. Pteroxys, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined. Type, P. goniatus, Hmpsn. Range. Ceylon. cT . Antennae with the branches long and plumose. Fore tibia without a spine. Wings long and narrow. Fore wing with veins 1 b and c anastomosing ; 8 and 9 stalked. Hind wing with a bar between veins 7 and 8. Veinlets in the cell of both wings forked. SECT. I. Vein 6 absent in both wings. 646. Pteroxys goniatus, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 160, fig. 20, pi. 176, fig. 14 (larva-case). <5 . Uniform brownish fuscous ; the apices of both win^s pointed. Larva-case formed of comminuted fragments of vegetable matter. Hob. Pundaloya, Ceylon. Exp. 12 millim. SECT. II. Vein 6 present in both wings. 647. Pteroxys uniformls, Ilmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 169, fig. 17, pi. 170, fig. 15 (larva-case). c? . Uniform dark brown ; the apices of the wings less acute. Larva-case very short and formed of small pieces of twigs arranged transversely in a quadrangle. Hob. Pundaloya, Ceylon. Exp. 14 millim. Subfamily CANEPHORIN.E, Heyl. <$ . Fore wing with veins 1 b and c not anastomosing ; 1 6 not giving off a branch. Hind tibiae with two pair of spurs. Genus MOFFATIA. Moffatia, Moore, J. A. S. B. lix, pt. 2, p. 263 (1890). Type, M. plumicauda, Moore. Range. Kunawar. Antennae plumose; abdomen with very long lateral tufts of hair from base to apex. Fore wing with vein 1 c not anastomosing with 1 b ; veins 4 and 5 on a short stalk ; 8 and 9 stalked. Hind wing with vein 6 absent; 8 connected with 7 by a bar; veinlet in cell of both wings single. MOFFATIA. — APRATA. 303 648. Moffatia plumicauda, Moore, J. A. S. B. lix,pt. 2, p. 264. c? . Dark greyish black, the tufts on abdomen black. Wings hyaline, with scattered hair-like scales ; mar- gins rather broadly black ; veins black. Hob. Upper Kunawar. Earp. 24 miilim. Fig. 206.— Moffatia plumi- cauda, tf. \. Subfamily PSYCHOIDIN^ Heyl 3 . Fore wing with veins 1 b and c not anastomosing, 1 c very slight ; 1 b not giving off a branch. Hind tibiae with a single pair of spurs. Key to the Genera. a. Antennae bipectinated: tibise with the spurs long 1. DIABASIS, p. 303. b. Antennae not pectinated but roughly scaled: tibiae with the spurs minute 2. APBATA, p. 303. Genus DIABASIS. Diabasis, Heyl. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1881, p. 67. Type, D. helicinoides, Heyl., from Europe. Range. Europe ; Nilgiris. c? . Antennae bipectinated, the branches very far apart and slightly swollen at extremities. Wings elongated. Hind legs longer than fore legs, the tibiae with a pair of long terminal spurs. 649. Diabasis nilgirensis. Bijugis sikkimensis, Heyl. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1890, p. 2 (nom. inept.). J . Fore wing with veins 6 and 10 absent ; 8 and 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked, 8 absent ; veinlets in cell in both wings forked. Head, thorax, and fore wing pale reddish brown ; abdomen and hind wing brownish ochreous. Fore -- tibia with a long spine. g> ™;-.Dia*asis™l9l- ffab. Nilgiri plateau, 7000 ft. Exp. 16 miilim. Genus APRATA. Aprata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 106 (1883). Type, A. mackwoodi, Moore. Range. Ceylon. Antennae covered with rough scales ; fore tibia without a spur ; hind tibia with one pair of minute spurs. Fore wing broad and 304 COSSID^E. rounded ; all the veins present ; veins 8 and 9 stalked ; a forked veinlet in cell of both wings. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 on a short stalk ; all the veins present ; 8 connected with 7 by a bar. 650. Aprata mackwoodi, Moore, Lep. Ceyl \\, p. 107, pi. 118, fig. 8 ; C. # S. no. 487. c? . Uniform bright dark brown ; abdo- men covered with yellow hair, the terminal segment with a silky grey tuft. Fig. 20S.-Aprata mack- Ha^ Ceylon. Exp. 20 millim. woodi, $. \. J Species formerly recorded as Indian wJiich are omitted. Aprata fhwaitesi, Moore, C. & S. no. 488, is a Tinea probably allied to Eustiocis. Rasicota albescens, Moore, J. A. S. B. 1890, lix, pt. 2, p. 263. Type lost ; description unrecognizable. Fumea ? limulus, Kogenh. Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. xxxix, Sitzungsb. p. 60, is a Tinea. Family COSSID.E. Proboscis absent ; palpi usually minute or absent ; antennse bipectihated to tip or with distal half simple in both sexes, or wholly simple in female. Tibia3 with spurs absent or minute. Fore wing with vein 1 b forked at base ; 1 c present ; an areole formed by veins 7 and 10 ; veins 7 and 8 forking after the areole ; the inner margin usually more or less lobed. Hind wing with three internal veins ; vein 8 free from the base or connected with 7 by an erect bar at end of cell. Both wings with forked veinlets in cell. The female may have as many as nine bristles to the frenulum. Larva. Smooth, with a few hairs ; internal feeders, boring gal- leries in wood or the pith of reeds &c. and often doing considerable damage. Pupce in a cocoon formed of silk and chips of wood.* Key to the Genera. a. Hind wing with no bar between veins 7 and 8. a'. Wings broad ; tibise with spurs .... 1. Cossus, p. 305. b'. Wings long and narrow ; tibiaB without spurs. a2. Palpi present. a3. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 * After the Cossidce would follow the Alavona section of the Tineida, if the Heterocera could be arranged in a linear series. cossus. 305 given oft separately ; antennae simple in $ 2. DUOMITUS, p. 307. b9. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 from a point. a4. Palpi minute ; antennae with proximal half bipectinated in both sexes 3. AZYGOPHLEPS, p. 309. 64. Palpi with 3rd joint large. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked; antennae of $ bipectinated to tips 6. EREMOCOSSUS, p. 313. 62. Palpi absent 5. PHRAGMAT^ECIA, p. 312. b. Hind wing with a bar between veins 7 and 8 4. ZEUZERA, p. 310. Genus COSSUS. Cossus, Fair. Ent. Syst. iii, pt. ii, p. 3 (1794). Brachylia, Feld. Reis. Nov. Lep. Ail. pi. 82, fig. 7, Erk. p. 2 (1867). Type, C. liyniperda, Fabr., from Europe. Range. Universally distributed. Palpi slight and flattened in front of face ; antennae of male with the branches short, of female simple ; mid tibiae with one, hind tibiae with two pairs of minute spurs. Fore wing with vein 11 given off from the subcostal nervure. Hind wing with vein 8 free from the base ; the wings broad ; the veinlets in cell with a short fork. SECT. I. Fore wing with vein 6 from angle of cell ; the antennae of male bipectinate to tip. 651. Cossus acronyctoides, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 411.pl. 34, fig. 4 C. $ S. no. 1584. Cossus cashmirensis, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 86 ; C. 8f S. no. 1583. cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown. Fore wing brown, the outer half evenly striated with fine lines over its whole surface. Hind wing with faint reticulations. The form caslitnirensis has some of the striae of the fore wing coalescing into somewhat prominent lines, the best marked being one across end of cell, one beyond the cell from veins 6 to 3, and one from the costa before the apex, but these are somewhat variable. $ . Greyer ; the base of fore wing fuscous. Hob. Kashmir ; Ganjam ; Bombay ; Mhow ; Nilgiris. Exp. 36-53 milliin. 652. Cossus nigromaculatus, n. sp. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish brown. Fore wing with the inner margin deeply angled near the base ; colour brown, greyish towards the costa ; a black blotch on the costa near the base ; YOL, i. x 306 COSSIDJE. a small blotch above centre of cell ; a large, very irregular, black blotch beyond the cell from the costs to vein 1 c extending along vein 3 towards outer margin ; an apical black blotch ; the outer half of wing reticulated with fine black lines. Hind wing pale. Hob. Nilgiris, 8000 ft. (MincUn). Exp. 66 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. SECT. II. Vein 6 of fore wing given off above the angle of cell. 653. Cossus cadambae, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 822 ; C. $ S. no. 1582. <3 . Head, thorax, and fore wing dull brown ; the last with two indistinct dark lines across the end of the ceil, and two from near the base of vein 2 to inner margin ; a dark postmedial line from costa to vein 2, with some indistinct strigae beyond it ; a Fig. 209.— Cossus cadambai, <$. }. similar submarginal line with indistinct strigae beyond it. Abdomen and hind wing paler ; the latter with some faint strigae towards outer margin. Nab. Calcutta. Exp. 52 millim. SECT. III. Male with the antennae serrated at tip, the branches of the proximal half longer. Fore wing with the areole much larger. 654. Cossus parvipunctus, n. sp. ^ • Head, thorax, and abdomen brown. Fore wing brown, with a few indistinct dark specks round the end of cell, and three more prominent specks above the centre of vein 1 b. Hind wing paler brown. Hab. Naga Hills, 1500 ft., Oct. (Doherty). Exp. 52 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 655. Cossus pallidalae, n. sp. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white. Fore wing white, slightly suffused with rufous, especially in the cell ; numer- ous wavy rufous striae in the cell and between vein 2 and the inner margin ; a few rufous striae on the outer area ; marginal line rufous. Hind wing white. The distal portions of the antennae are broken, but the species appears to belong to the 3rd section. Bah. Sikhim (Moller). Exp. 38 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. *656. Cossus stigmaticus, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 86 ; C. $ S. no. 1598. 3 . Pale ochreous brown. Fore wing striated with pale brown ; pale brown blotches at end of cell, apex, and below apex ; two COSSUS. — DUOMITUS. 307 large red spots below the origin of vein 2, the upper tinged with black. Hub. Sikhiui. Exp. 52 milliin. Genus DUOMITUS. Duomitus, Butl Ann. N. H. (5) vi, p. 68 (1880). Xyleutes, Hubn. Vcrz. p. 195 (1818), gen. non descr. Chalcidica, Hubn. Verz. p. 197 (1818), gen. non descr. Hinnaeya, Moore, Lep. Ceyl ii, p. 153 (1883). Type, D. ceramicus, Wlk. Range. S. America; 8. Africa; India; Ceylon; Aniboina ; Australia ; New Britain. Palpi minute ; antennae of male with proximal half bipectinated, the distal half simple, wholly simple in female. Legs without spurs. Wings long and narrow ; fore wing with the areole very large ; vein 11 given off from 10. Hind wing with no bar between veins 7 and 8 ; veins 4 and 5 given off separately ; the fork of the veinlets in the cell of both wings broad. 657. Duomitus niger, Moore, A. M. N. H. (4) xx, 1877, p. '348 ; id. Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 143, figs. 2, 2 a (larva) j C. $ S. no. 1594. $ . Head and thorax black, thickly irrorated with grey scales ; abdomen black. Pore wing black, thickly irrorated with grey scales, leaving a black patch beyond end of cell. Hind wing black, irrorated with grey scales towards centre of outer area. Larva ochreous white ; pupa red-brown. The " Black Borer " of Coffee-planters. Hal}. Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 60 millim. 658. Duomitus ceramicus, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 587. Duomitus ligneus, Butl. Ann. N. H. (5) vi, p. 68 -, id. III. Het. vi, pi. 108, fig. 3 j C. fy 8. no. 1599. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous brown, more or less suffused with black ; patches of black scales at each side of meta- thorax. Fore wing pale ochreous brown ; costa with some black striae ; some black streaks in and below the cell ; outer area marbled with black ; a large irregular whitish patch at outer angle extending towards apex as a series of decreasing spots suffused with black; some black streaks beyond the cell towards apex. Hind wing fuscous, slightly marbled with black ; some diffused pale marks at centre of outer margin. Hab. Sikhiin; Nias ; Cerain. Exp. 104 millim. 659. Duomitus strix, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, p. 77, pi. 145 A. Zeuzera signata, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1537; C. $ S. no. 1597 Zenzera bubo, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) x, 1882, p. 228. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen black, grizzled with grey scales ; x2 308 COSSID^E. some white at base of abdomen and each segment slightly fringed with white. Fore wing pale brownish white, closely reticulated with black markings ; some black spots along costa, the most prominent being one at the base, one antemedial, and one post- medial ; a spot on inner margin near base; one beyond end of cell; one above the centre of vein 1 b ; a marginal series, the subapical spot expanding into a large blotch. Hind wing pale clouded with fuscous and with black reticulations, obsolescent on the part covered by the fore wing; a marginal series of spots. $ paler ; the colour of thorax and ground-colour of fore wing whitish. The Sikhim specimen is less heavily marked, the black blotches on fore wing smaller. Hob. Sikhim ; Sylhet ; Java ; Xias ; Xew Ireland; Xew Britain. cJ 110-130,' $ 170-188 millim. 660. Duomitus leuconotus, Wilt. Cat. vii, p. 1537 ; C. $ S. no. 1591 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 142, figs. 3, 3 a. 3 . Differs from stri.,- in the head and abdomen being black ; the thorax covered with erect white scales. Fore wing blackish ; the reticulations not so close ; the inner marginal area with irregular white conjoined patches ; white patches on the costa towards the apex ; a black streak beyond the cell. Hind winij blackish with black reticulations ; a white patch on outer margin towards anal angle. Fig. 210. — Duomitus leuconotus, $ with a large white patch sometimes developed at centre of costa of fore wing and those towards apex more developed. ffab. Simla; Sikhim ; Calcutta; Ceylon. Exjj.t d 98-128, ISOinillim. DUOMITUS. AZYGOPHLEPS. 309 661. Duomitus mineus, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, p. 52, pi. 131 D; C. $ S. no. 1592. Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen dark metallic blue- green. Fore wing yellow with a pinkish tinge ; base blue-green ; spots of the same colour along the costa, the largest being beyond the end of the cell and just before the apex ; small spots at centre and end of cell ; a large transverse oval spot from median nervure to inner margin ; a large longitudinal spot from below the end of the cell at vein 1 b to near the apex at vein 7 ; a marginal series of spots increasing in size to outer angle and continued along the inner margin. Hind wing yellow, with some black down on inner area, and blue-black streaks in the interspaces beyond the cell ; two spots on the costa near apex ; a series of marginal spots. Hab. Sikhim; Sylhet; Calcutta; Granjam ; Manilla; Java. 3 68-93, 2 108-132 millim. 662. Duomitus fnscipars, n. sp. c? . Head and thorax dark brown, grizzled with grey ; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing with the costal half very deep red-brown ; the inner area more or less thickly suffused with white scales, the inner margin being white tessellated with black marks. Hind wing paler red-brown ; a large white triangular patch tessellated with black on the outer margin between veins 1 b and 4. Hab. Sikhim (Moller}. Exp. 44 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus AZYGOPHLEPS, nov. Type, A. scalaris, Fabr. Range. Africa ; China ; throughout India and Burma ; Cam- bodia. Palpi minute ; antennae bipectinated to half the length in both sexes, the branches longest at the middle of pectinated portion and rapidly diminishing towards base and apex ; shorter in female than in male. Legs without spurs. Wings long and narrow; the neuration as in Duomitus except that veins 4 and 5 of hind wing arise from a point. 663. Azygophleps albofasciata, Moore. Lev. Atk. p. 87; C. & S. no. 1585. cJ . Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen black ; collar white. Fore wing brown, with numerous fine black stria3 ; a broad white band below the subcostal nervure from the base to the apex. Hind wing pale, with numerous faint brown striae. Hab. Kashmir ; Sikhim. Evp. 54-57 milliin. 310 COSSID^E. 664. Azygophleps scalaris, Fabr. Syst. Ent. iii, pt. 2, p. 5 ; C. $ S. no. 1586, part. Zeuzera bivittata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 586; C. Sf S. no. 1587. Antennae black ; head white ; thorax white, with a black line on collar and a broad yellow stripe on the vertex ; abdomen white. Fig. 211. — Azygcrphleps scalaris, Fore wing white, with numerous black strigse forming reticulations ; the interno-median interspace having hardly any strigae ; yellow streaks from the base to the end of cell and along the basal two thirds of inner margin. Hind wing white. Hob. Angola; Karachi; Bengal; Burma; Cambodia. Exp., <$ 40, £ 56 millim. 665. Azygophleps pusilla, TT7A-. Cat. vii, p. 1538 ; C. $ S. no. 1596; Butl. III. Het. vi, pi. 107, fig. 9. c? . Differs from scalaris in the thorax being without the yellow stripe. Fore wing without yellow stripes ; the strise very much finer ; a white band from the base below the subcostal nervure to the apex. Some specimens are more or less suffused with pale brown on inner and outer areas, and some have a black streak below the cell and a series of marginal spots developed. Hob. Bengal ; Deccan ; Bangalore ; Nilgiris. Exp. 26-40 millim. Genus ZEUZERA. Zeuzera, Latr. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxiv, p. 180 (1804). Zenzera, Latr. Hist. Nat. Ins. xiv, p. 175 (1805). Latagia, Hiibn. Verz. p. 196 (1818). Type, Z. cesculi, Latr., from Europe. Range. Europe ; Japan ; throughout India and Ceylon ; Burma. Palpi absent ; antennae as in Duomitus. Legs without spurs. Wings long and narrow ; the neuration as in Duomitus except that there is an erect bar between veins 7 and 8 of hind wing at end of cell. SECT. I. Fore wing with vein 6 from angle of cell. A. Hind wing with outer margin evenly rounded. 666. Zeuzera conferta, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1536 ; C. # S, no. 1589 ; Butl. III. Het. vi, pi. 107, fig. 10. ZEUZEBA. 311 c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish; pro-, meso-, and meta- thorax with paired black spots ; abdomen with dorsal and paired lateral black spots and ventral bands. Wings white, evenly, but rather sparsely, spotted with blue-black spots, leaving a small space at end of and beyond cell of fore wing unspotted. Hab. Sylhet. Exp. 70 millim, 667. Zeuzera indica, Herr.-Schaffer, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. no. 166 ; C. $ S. no. 1590. Zeuzera paucipunctata, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1537. c? . Differs from conferta in the thorax being unmarked ; the basal and terminal segments of abdomen each with three dorsal blue-black streaks ; each of the other segments with one dorsal streak, those on the second arid third segments triangular. Fore wing with the spots fewer and large, the most conspicuous being a spot at centre of cell, one near the apex, and those on each side of vein 1 b. Hind wing with three large spots below the end of the cell ; one between veins 1 b and c, the largest between veins 1 c and 2, the smallest between veins 2 and 3 ; a marginal series of spots, the one nearest anal angle large. Hab. Simla; Sikhim ; Sylhet. Exp. 96-114 millim. B. Hind wing with the outer margin deeply excised near anal angle. 668. Zeuzera postexcisa, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 159, fig. 18. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; collar with paired blue- black marks ; tegula3 with a blue-black spot ; pro-, meso-, and meta- thorax with paired blue-black blotches, the last with an additional spot on the vertex ; abdomen with blue-black marks at sides and on vertex. Fore wing white, with numerous small round blue-black spots ; the cell with few spots and those beyond it obsolescent ; the marginal series prominent. Hind wing white, with some small obso- lescent spots beyond the cell and some prominent blue-black spots on outer margin, those at the excision conjoined into a prominent band. Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 52 millim. SECT. II. Fore wing with vein 6 from below angle of cell ; outer margin of hind wing evenly rounded. 669. Zeuzera multistrigata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 327 j C. 8f S. no. 1593. Differs from postexcisa in the collar, tegulae, and prothorax being without marks, meso- and metathorax with paired blue-black lateral spots; metathorax and each segment of abdomen fringed with black but without spots. Fore wing with the veins tinged with ochreous, the spots much more numerous ; those beyond the cell 312 COSSID^. not obsolescent ; the clusters at middle and end of cell and a marginal series being the most prominent. Hind wing white, with black spots in the cell and in the interspaces below and beyond it, \. but none on inner area ; three blue-black spots on outer margin between veins 1 c and 2. Hab. Dharmsala; Sikhim ; Nagas. Exp., $ 50-62, $ 64-98 millim. SECT. III. Fore wing with vein 6 from above angle of cell. 670. Zeuzera coffeae, 3'iW«. Edin. New Phil. Journ. xv, 1862, p. 36; C. Sf S. no. 1588; Moore, Ltp. Ceyl. ii, pi. 143, figs. 1, 1 a, b (larva). Zeuzera oblita, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 1!K Zeuzera roricyanea, Wfk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 177 (1862;. c? . Differs from mvttittrigata in the pro-, meso-, and metathorax each having a pair of small black spots ; abdomen black, clothed with white hairs. Fore wing with the spots small, black, and all obsolescent except those along the costa, outer and inner margins. Hind wing with a few obsolescent small spots and a prominent marginal series from the apex to vein 2, where they are sometimes conjoined. $ . With the spots of the fore wing fewer in number, but more prominent and tinged with metallic blue. Larva and pupa red-brown. This is the "White Borer" of Coffee-planters. Hab. Naga Hills ; Eangoon ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Borneo. rf 40, $ 46 millim. Genus PHRAGMATJECIA. Phragmatjecia, Neicm. Zoologist, viii, p. 2931 (1850). Type, P. castanece, Hiibn. Range. Europe ; Africa ; Asia ; Java ; S. America. Palpi absent ; a tuft of hair on frons ; antennae of male bipec- tinated to two-thirds length, the branches short. Legs without spurs. Wings long aud narrow ; neuration as in AzygopMep*. PHRAGMAT/ECIA. — EREMOOOSSTJS. 313 671. Phragmataecia castaneae, Hiibn. Beitr. ii. i. i. c. p. 9 (1790). Bombyx arundinis, Hiibn. Eur. Schmett., Bomb. figs. 200, 201. Zeuzera innotata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 587. Phragmatoecia saccharum, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 87 ; C. fy 8. no. 1602. Phragmatoecia minor, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 87 ; C. fy S. no. 1601. Phragmataecia minima, Hmpsn. III. Set. viii, p. 66, pi. 144, fig. 14. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish white. Fore wing brownish white irrorated with dark specks. Hind wing white or brownish white. Fig. 213. — Phragmat&cia castanece, $ . |. In some specimens the striations of the fore wing are absent. Hab. Europe ; Africa ; Madagascar ; China ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. ^ 22-38, $ 54 millim. 672. Phragmataecia impura, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 66, pi. 144, fig. 7. $ . Head, thorax, and fore wing smoky black ; abdomen and hind wing pale fuscous. Hub. Nilgiris, S. slopes, 3000 feet. Exp. 36 millim. Genus EREMOCOSSUS, nov. Type, E. fcedus, Swinh. Range. Karachi. Palpi with the third joint large and rounded ; antennae of male bipectinated to tips, the branches short. Legs without spurs, Fig. 214. — Eremocossusftxdus, $ . \. the femora hairy. Wings long and narrow ; fore wing with inner margin evenly curved; vein 11 given off from the subcostal 314 AEBELID.E. nervure. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 from a point ; G and 7 stalked ; 8 free. 673. Eremocossus fcedus, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 515, pi. 47, fig. 1 ; C.$S.no. 1600. <5 . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white. Fore win<* pale brownish ochreous, with ill-defined white longitudinal bands in and below the cell; a similar submarginal transverse bund. Hind wing white. Hab. Karachi. Exp. 28 millim. Species formerly recorded as Indian which are omitto?. Zeuzera asylas, Cram., C. & S. no. 1586, is from S. Africa. Duomitus capensis,W\k. Cat. vii. p. 1533. In coll. B. M. are two specimens labelled ' India,' but the ' Eecord ' shows the locality to be doubtful. Family ARBELID^E. Allied to the Cossidce. Proboscis absent; palpi slight and porrect ; antenna) of male bipectinated to tips ; the branches short ; legs with the spurs minute or absent. Frenulum absent. Fore wing with vein 16 forked at the base ; Ic absent; no areole. Hind wing with three internal veins ; a simple veiulet in the cell of each wing. Larvce borers in wood. Key to the Genera. a. Hind wing with a bar between veins 7 and 8 . . 1. ARBKLA, p. •"•! \. />. Hind wing with no bar between veins 7 and 8 ; [p. .">l-">. the cell short 2. EXCAUMAPTKHA, Genus ARBELA. Arbela, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 411. Type, A. tetraonis, Moore. Mange. Peninsular India and Ceylon ; Burma. Palpi minute ; antennae bipectinated to tips in male, the branches short, simple in female. Mid and hind tibiae slightly hairy, with minute terminal pairs of spurs. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked together. Hind wing with the cell of normal length ; vein 6 given off below the angle ; vein 8 connected with the subcostal nervure by an oblique bar near centre of cell. 674. Arbela qnadrinotata, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1521 ; C. $ S. no. 1603 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 143, fig. 3. Cossus abruptus, WIU. Cat. xxxii^ p. 584 j C. % S. no. 1581. ARBELA.— ENCATTMAPTEBA. 315 Cossus tesselatus, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 85 ; C. $ S. no. 1604. Zenzera pardicolor, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 86 ; C.fy S. no. 1595. c5 . Head and thorax rufous. Fore wing pale rufous, with numerous dark rufous bands of strigae ; a spot at end of cell aud Fig. 215. — Arbela quadrinotata, those between the median nervure and vein 1'b being most promi- nent. Abdomen and hind wing fuscous. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white. Fore wing ochreous white, with the markings as in male. Hind wing pale, slightly suffused with fuscous, with numerous obsolescent brown strigae. Hal. Calcutta ; Gran jam ; Ceylon. Exp., c? 38, $ 40 millim. 675. Arbela tetraonis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 411, pi. 34, fig. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 1605. $ . Differs from quadrinotata in the ground-colour being paler, the markings not so rufous; fore wing with a prominent submarginal series of conjoined spots ; a marginal series of spots ; hind wing whitish, with some brown spots and streaks below and beyond the cell ; a marginal series of spots ; abdomen with brown tufts. Hob. Poona ; Bombay ; Eaipur. Exp. 36-50 millim. 676. Arbela dea, Swi-rih. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 199, pi. vi, fig. 7. c? . Head whitish ; antennae, thorax, and abdomen brown. Fore wing irrorated with a few dark scales ; some pale strigae along the costa. Hind wing black-bro\vn. £ . Paler, with a dark spot at end of cell of fore wing. Hab. Eangoon. ' Exp., <$ 24, $ 29 millim. Genus ENCAUMAPTERA, nov. Type, E. stir/mata, Hmpsn. Mange. Nilgiris. Palpi porrect ; antennae of male bipectinated to tips, the branches short. Legs hairy ; tibiae without spurs. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked together. Hind wing with no bar between veins 7 and 8 ; vein 8 short ; the cell short ; veins 6 and 7 given off from the angle, 7 curved upwards and almost touching 8. 316 HEPIALID.I. 677. Encaumaptera stigmata, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 66, pi. 144, fig. 1. cJ . Mouse-grey. Fore wing with a patch of short scales below the end of the cell, with a copper-coloured longitudinal streak below it from which two black bands run to inner margin, the inner one oblique, the outer erect ; a patch of short black scales Fig. 216.— Encaumaptera stigmata, beyond the end of the cell, with a small copper spot at its lower extremity ; and a dark band from the costa to its upper extremity; a dark band from the costa near the apex ; outer area with some dark striae. Hind wing paler. llab. Nilgiris, 3500 feet. Exp. 40 millim. Family HEPIALID^E. Proboscis absent; palpi usually absent. Antennas very short and filiform. Legs short and without spurs. Fore wing with vein 1 a forming a fork with 6 or separate ; a bar from vein 12 to the costa near the base. Hind wing with 1 2 veins ; 3 internal veins ; a bar from vein 12 to the costa near the base ; veinlets in the cell of both wings forked. Frenulum absent. Larvae, internal feeders in wood or the roots of grasses &c.* Key to the Genera. a. Palpi present. Fore wing: with no bar between vein 1 b and median nervure . . 1. PALPIFER, p. 316. b. Palpi absent. Fore winty with a bar between vein 1 b and median nervure. a. Veins 8, 9, 10 of both win7). Type, P. hiibneri, Geyer, from Mexico. J!'tnt/e. Mexico; S.America; Africa; Japan ; China ; through- out India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Perak ; Borneo. Palpi absent. Antennae short and filiform. Fore and mid legs fringed with hair on both sides ; hind legs aborted in male, the femur and tibia short, the latter with a curved tuft of long hairs, the tarsus more or less aborted, in some species only represented by a bristle. Both wings with veins 9 and 10 stalked; a forked veinlet in the cell, and vein 12 fringed with hair. Fore wing with a bar between vein 1 6 and median nervure. The prothorax, consisting of two pieces, is ankylosed to the mesothorax consisting of three pieces, the metathorax, consisting of one large piece, being freely moveable on the mesothorax. Larvae borers in trunks of trees. 681. Phassus aboe, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 437; C. $ S. no. 1615; Sittl. III. Het. vi, pi. 109, tig. 1. Phassus salsettensis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 412, pi. 34, fig. 5 ; C. # S. no. 1621. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen dull brown. Fore wing dull brown ; seven indistinct dark quadrate marks on the costa ; a triangular dark mark at centre of cell extending downwards along vein 2 ; two large dark marks in upper end of cell, two small marks in the lower end; four oblique bands of irregular ring-marks across the marginal area, the innermost bent below the costa, with a white spot at the bend ; a number of irregular ring-marks PHASSUS. 319 below the cell. Hind wing dark brown ; two very indistinct quadrate marks at apex. The tuft on hind tibia ochreous. $ . The first postmedial baud of fore wing straighter and with- out the white spot inside it. Hob. Sikhim ; Bombay. Exp., <$ 70, $ 83 millim. 682. Phassus punctimargo, n. sp. c? . Head and thorax dark red-brown ; abdomen duller brown. .Fore wing dark red-brown ; the inner area, two oblique bands on the outer area, and the outer angle with a glossy leaden tinge ; some very indistinct yellowish quadrate marks on the costa ; two indistinct postmedial lines, the inner with a white spot inside it beyond the cell, the outer curved at middle ; between these two lines is a series of irregular ring-marks ; a similar submarginal series ; traces of white specks on the outer margin ; some indis- tinct irregular ring-marks on inner area. Hind wing pale brown, with two very indistinct dark marks near the apex ; the outer margin dark. $ . Paler red-brown ; fore wing with the white spot absent ; the outer postmedial line nearly straight ; a series of prominent •white spots and streaks on outer margin of both wings more or less conjoined in places and differently developed in the several individuals. Hob. Sikhim. Exp., <* 54, $ 90-108 millim. Type in coll. B. M. 683. Phassus damor, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 437 ; C. $ 8. no. 1618 ; Bull III. Ret. vi, pi. 109, tig. .3. Endoclyta similis, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 81, fig. 3 ; C. $ 8. no. 1522. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown. Fore wing grey-brown ; some dark brown quadrate marks along the costa ; a triangular brown mark at centre of cell joined below the cell to an oblique irregular brown mark which extends to vein 1 and nearly fills the end of the cell and an area beyond and below it, leaving a curved pale streak from the middle to upper angle of cell ; a small spot on vein 1 just before the brown band ; a streak beyond the end of the cell ; three double oblique bands of more or less coalesced spots, one at end of cell, the second postmedial, the third submarginal. Hind wing fuscous ; some brown spots on costa and outer margin near the apex. Hob. Sikhim. Exp., rf 66, $ 88 millim. 684. Phassus purpurascens, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 156, pi. 143, fig. 4 ; C. $ 8. no. 1620. $ . Differs from damor in the ground-colour of the wings being purplish. Fore wing with a white " comma " mark in the cell before the middle, another at upper end, with from one to four white specks just outside the cell ; a black subbasal speck between 320 HEPIALIDJE. veins 1 b and c ; no brown spot on vein 1 b ; the triangle in the cell smaller ; the oblique streak more diffused. Hind wing with- out markings. Hind tarsus of male represented by a bristle. In some specimens the ground-colour of the fore wing is redder brown ; a number of white specks are scattered about the wing and incomplete circular black marks appear on the costa and on each side of vein 1 b. Hab. Ceylon and ? Perak. Exp. 114-136 inillim. 685. Phassus signifer, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1568; C. # S. no. Butt. Ill Net. v, pi. 109, tig. L>. Phassus undulifer, Wlk. Char, undescr. Het. p. 102; C. &• S. no. 1623. Phassus chalybeatus, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 412 ; C.8f S. no. 1617. cJ . Head, thorax, abdomen, and ground-colour of fore wing yellowish flesh-colour or pale grey-brown. Differs from purpurasccns in the costal marks of the fore wing being larger and fewer ; the conjoined triangle and diffused streak terminating at vein 2 ; a Fig. 219.— Phassus signifer, $ . \. number of obscure ring-marks on inner area; the postmedial band better denned, and the submarginai spots larger and more con- joined. Hind wing flesh-coloured. 5 . Darker ; fore wing with the costal marks larger ; the hind wing suffused with fuscous and with obscure marks at apex. In a Burmese specimen the ground-colour of the fore wing is pale brownish yellow, with no white spots in the cell ; the hind wing ochreous brown. The species is thus extremely variable, but may chiefly be known by the darker discal markings of fore wing terminating along vein 2. Hab. Sylhet ; Bernardmyo, Burma ; E. Pegu ; Borneo. Exp., J 100, $ 154 millim. PHASSUS. 321 686. Phassus malabaricus, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 412 ; C. $ S. no. 1619. d . Differs from signifer in the markings of the fore wing being pale chestnut in colour ; the costal markings small ; the yellowish- white mark before the middle of the cell triangular or a longi- tudinal not transverse streak ; the spots of the post-medial and sub- marginal bands rounded not elongated. Hind wing reddish fuscous. £ . The fore wing greyish or reddish brown. Hab. Canara ; Nilgiri plateau, 6000-8000 feet. Exp., <$ 102, $ 126 millim. 687. Phassus auratus, n.sp. c? . Head and thorax black-brown. Fore wing very dark brown ; the basal half of the costa and cell brassy yellow, with some brown marks on the costa ; a brassy-yellow patch at apex ; an indistinct yellowish mark near centre of outer margin ; a faint postmedial oblique line with a yellowish-white spot on it at veins 5 and 6. Abdomen and hind wing fuscous, the latter slightly red-brown at apex. Tuft on hind tibia ochreous. Hob. Bernardmyo, Burma (Doherty). Exp. 42 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 688. Phassus albofasciatus, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 413, pi. 34, fig. 8 ; C. $ S. no. 1616. $ . Head and thorax grey-brown. Fore wing grey-brown ; an ill-defined greyish-white fascia from the base to the apex ; the inner area reddish brown ; the whole wing closely covered by waved black striae and obscure spots and ring-marks. Abdomen and hind wing fuscous. Hab. Nilgiri plateau, 7000-8000 feet. Exp. 64-84 millim. 689. Phassus viridis, n. sp. c? . Head, thorax, fore and mid legs, and fore wing pale sap- green ; the last with a small white spot at end of cell and a white speck beyond it. Abdomen, hind wing, and hind legs dark fuscous; the hind wing with the costal edge green. Tibial tuft fuscous. Hab. Nilgiris. Exp. 86 millim. Type in Mus. Oxon. Species formerly recorded as Indian which are omitted. Gorgopis vilis, Wlk., C. & S. no. 1614, is a Tineid of the genus Alavona. VOL. I. 322 CALLIDULIDjE. Family CALLIDULID^E. A family of day-flying moths of medium size. Antennae simple, the palpi long, with the third joint well developed. Mid tibia with one pair of long spurs, hind tibia with two pairs. Hind wing with two internal veins ; 3, 4, 5 arising close together ; the cell open ; 6 and 7 arising not far from the base of the wing ; 8 bent down and nearly touching 7 near origin of 6 ; a minute precostal spur. Larva unknown. Key to the Genera. a. Frenulum absent 1. CLEOSIRIS, p. 322. b. Frenulum present but minute ; the retina- culum arising from below the median nervure of fore wiiw . a. Fore wing with veins 8, 9, 10 stalked ; male witn a patch of raised scales below the costs of hind wing 2. CALLIDULA, p. ;;2 .">. b'. Fore wing with veins 8, 9, 10 arising from an areole 3. PTERODECTA, p. :!2 I . c. Frenulum long ; male with the retinaculum from the subcostal nervure of fore wing ; vein 6 from the middle of discocellulars ; 7 and 8 from close to angle of cell 4. HERIMBA, p. 325. Genus CLEOSIRIS. Tetragonus, Geyer, Hiibn. Znfr. 4, p. 17 (1832), nom. praeocc. Cleosiris, Boisd. Spec. Gen. Lep. i, pi. 23, fig. 3 (1838). Type, C. catamita, Hiibn. Ranye. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Peuang ; Java ; Borneo. Frenulum absent. Palpi with the third joint long and obliquely porrect. Fore wing with vein 1 6 forked at the base; veins 8 and 9 stalked, the apex acute. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 arising very near the base ; outer margin angled at vein 4. 690. Cleosiris catamita, Geyer, Hiibn. Zutr. pi. iv, p. 17; C.SfS. no. 482 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 99, figs. 4, 4 a. Cleosiris major, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 15 ; C. $ S. no. 483. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark yellowish red-brown. Fore wing yellowish red-brown; traces of fulvous postmedial spots. Hind wing uniform red-brown. Underside : the ground-colour yellowish, greenish, or brownish, with numerous dark striaB : fore wing with three grey spots tinged with rufous in the cell, near CLEOSIEIS. — CALLIDULA. 323 base, at middle and end ; an indistinct rufous oblique band from apex to vein 2 ; two submarginal very indistinct maculate lines ; hind wing with three grey rufous-ringed spots in the cell, one near base and two near the end ; four very indistinct rufous bands, Fig. 220. — Cleosiris catamita, J. \. one medial, two postmedial, and one submarginal and maculate the two postmedial bands may coalesce, forming a more prominent irregular band; the marking of the underside may be brown instead of rufous. Hob. Sikhim ; Sylhet ; Mlgiris ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Andamans ; Nicobars ; Tenasserim ; Penang ; Java. Exp. 40-48 millim. Genus CALLIDULA. Callidula, Hubn. Verz. p. 66 (1818). Datanga, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 21 (1879). Type, C.petavia, Cram. Range. Afghanistan ; Sikhim ; Assam ; Burma ; Malacca ; Philip- pines ; Borneo ; Sumatra ; Java. Frenulum present but minute; the retinaculum arising from below the median nervure of fore wing. Palpi with the third joint somewhat long and upturned. Fore wing with vein 1 b not forked at the base. Veins 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 arising not so near the base as in Cleosiris; male with a large patch of raised scales below the middle of vein 8. 691. Callidula minor, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 21 ; C.Sf S. no. 486. <$ . Dark red-brown. Fore wing with an oblique nearly regular orange band from the costa beyond the middle to vein 2 near outer margin ; some specimens with traces of a submarginal orange band. Underside yellowish, with numerous dark stria? ; fore wing with a grey dark-ringed spot at centre of cell and two at its end which are sometimes conjoined ; some red at end and beyond the cell ; hind wing with a grey dark-ringed spot at centre of cell ; a larger one at end of cell ; an indistinct waved red and grey post- med'al line. Cilia orange. Settles on the upperside of leaves, with the wings raised over Y2 324 CALLIDULIDjE. the back, just as does the Hesperid Astictoptenis xanites, from which it is difficult to distinguish the present species. Hob. Karen Hills ; Moulmein. Exp. 34 milliin. 92. Callidula erycinoides, Wlk. Char, undescr. Het. p. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 481. Differs from minor in the band of the fore wing being pale yellow and nearly reaching the outer angle, near which it is curved and attenuated. Underside : fore wing dusky yellow, suffused with fuscous on outer half and rufous at apex, the costa with dark Fig. 221.— Callidula erycinoides, rf. striae, or wholly suffused with rufous with dark striae ; the band as on upperside ; a white black- ringed spot in cell near the base and transverse streaks at middle and end. Hind wing yellowish, suffused and striated with rufous ; two grey spots at end of cell ; a waved black postmedial line. Both wings with a marginal series of white specks ; the cilia pale near apex of each wing. Hob. Sikhim ; Buxar ; Nilgas. Exp. 46 millim. 693. Callidula attenuata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 21 ; C. $ S. no. 485. Differs from erycinoides in the band of the fore wing being red, and from minor in its narrowing towards outer margin and being present on the underside ; the cilia pale red. Hab. Sikhim ; Margharita, S.E. of Sadiya, Assam ; Khasis ; E. Pegu. Exp. 40 millim. Genus PTERODECTA. Pterodecta, Eutl. A. M. N. H. (4) xx, p. 399 (1877). Type, P. anchora, Moore. Range. Japan ; Himalayas from Kangra to Bhutan. Palpi with the third joint porrect and long. Frenulum present, but minute, the retinaculum from below the median nervure of fore wing. Fore wing with vein 1 b forked at the base ; 9 arising from 10 and anastomosing with 8 to form an areole ; the apex acute ; the outer margin angled at vein 6. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 arising near the base ; the outer margin angled at vein 2. PTERODECTA. — HERIMBA. 325 694. Pterodecta anchora, Moore, Pagenst. J£. Nassau. Ver. 1887. p. 238, pi. ii, fig. 24 ; C. $ 8. no. 480. Head, thorax, abdomen, and wings dark brown. Pore wing with an orange -yellow spot below the cell between veins 2 and 3 ; an orange-yellow post- medial curved band from the costa to vein 2, sending a pro- jection inwards along vein 3 so as nearly to join the spot. Cilia fulvous. Underside yel- lowish brown, striated with black ; the fore wing yellow, except the outer area ; two small white black-ringed spots in the cell, a larger one on a black patch at end, and a black patch below the end of cell. Hind wing with a grey spot at end of cell. Hal. Himalayas from Kulu to Bhutan, 5000-10,000 feet. Exp. 40 millim. Fig. 222. — Pterodecta anchora, Genus HERIMBA. Herimba, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 20 (1879). Type, H. atkinsoni, Moore. Range. Sikhim ; Burma. Palpi upturned, with the third joint of moderate length and somewhat porrect. Pore wing with vein 1 I forked at the base, 6 from the middle of the discocellulars ; 7 and 8 from close to the upper angle of cell ; 9 and 10 arising close together before the end of cell and anastomosing shortly. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 arising not very near the base, 8 almost touching them close to their origin. Preuulum long ; retinaculum in male arising from the subcostal nervure of fore wing. 695. HerimlDa atkinsoni, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 21, pi. 2, fig. 3 ; C.$S. no. 484. <$ . Glossy black- brown, with a golden-brown tinge. Pore wing with golden-brown specks along the costa ; an oblique white medial band consisting of a spot at end of cell, a trifid spot below it, and small spot above vein 1 b ; a small white subapical spot. Hind wing speckled with golden brown ; a minute white spot between veins 5 and 6. Underside with nume- rous golden-brown strigae. Hal. Sikhim ; Burma. Evp. 33 millim. Fig. 223. Herimba atkinsoni, 326 DREPANULIDjE. to the lower angle of cell. Family DEEPANULID^l. Small or moderate-sized moths of somewhat slender build, generally with the apex of fore wing falcate. Palpi slender and slightly scaled, often very minute. Fore wing with vein 1 k forked at the base ; 1 c absent ; 5 from close Hind wing with one or two internal veins ; 1 a short when present ; 5 from near lower angle of cell; the discocellulars angled ; the origin of veins 6 and 7 before the angle of cell ; 8 bent down and nearly or quite touching 7. Larva smooth, with the anal prolegs absent*; the anal somite usually with a long process, the Spins a cocoon amongst leaves. Fig. 224.— Larva of Teldenia ves- tigiata. \. (From Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 124, fig. 1 b.) others often humped. MACROCILIX, p. 329. CAMPTOCHILUS, p. 351 , Key to the Genera. a. Proboscis present. a '. Frenulura present. a2. Fore wing with the apex rounded. 2. b'2. Fore wing with the apex acute. a3. Fore wing with the apex pro- duced upwards 16. b3. Fore win^ with the apex not produced upwards. a*. Fore wing with vein 10 stalked with 7, 8, 9 ; no areole. a5. Hind wing with the outer margin rounded. a6. Both wings with the disco- cellulars nearly straight. 1. b6. Both wings with the dis- cocellulars much angled. 3. bs. Hind wing with the outer margin angled at vein 3 . . 4. b\ Fore wing with veins 9 and 10 anastomosing with 7 and 8 to form an areole. a5. Palpi slight and porrect. nc. Hind wing with the anal angle produced and lobed 5. DITRIGOXA, p. 331. EUCHERA, p. 327. MACRAUZATA, p. 330 AI/ATA, p. 331. * Except in Euchera. EUCHERA. 327 bG. Hind wing with the anal angle rounded. a7. Antennae not thickened and flattened 8." DREPANA, p. 333. b7. Antennae thickened and flattened 7. LETJCODREPANA, p. 333. b5. Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head. «6. Hind wing with the anal angle rounded 6. TRLDENIA, p. 332. b6. Hind wing with the anal angle highly excised . . 10. THYMISTADA, p. 343. c5. Palpi long, porrect, and thickly scaled. Fore wing with veins 8 and 9 from end of areole 9. SPICA, p. 342. b'. Frenulmn absent. «2. Fore wing with an areole. a3. Hind wing with the outer mar- gin rounded 11. DEROCA, p. 344. b3. Hind wing with the outer mar- gin angled at vein 6 12. PHALACRA, p. 345. £2. Fore wing with no areole 13. DRAPETODES, p. 346. b. Proboscis and frenulum absent. a'. Fore wing with veins 9, 10, 11 stalked, 9 anastomosing with 7 and 8 to form the areole 15. ORETA, p. 347. b'. Fore wing with veins 8, 9, 10 stalked. 14. CILIX, p. 347. Genus EUCHERA. Euchera, Hiibn. Zutr. 3, p. 29, no. 260 (1825). Cyclidia, Guen. Sp. Gen. Lep. 'Phal i, p. 62 (1857). Type, E. substigmaria, Hiibn. Range. Japan ; China ; Himalayas ; Assam ; Burma ; Sumatra. Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head. Antennse thickened and laminate. Mid tibiae with one pair of short spurs ; hind tibia3 with two pairs. Fore wing broad ; the costa arched ; the apex slightly acute ; vein 1 a forming a fork with 1 &, and then leaving it again as a spur ; 5 from some way above the angle of cell ; 5 from below the upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with the costa slightly excised before the apex ; the discocellulars nearly straight ; 5 from some way above lower angle of cell. 696. Euchera substigmaria, Hiibn. Zutr. 3, p. 29, no. 260, figs. 519, 520; C. $ S. no. 3119. Head black ; thorax white ; abdomen brownish white. Fore wing pale grey ; traces of two antemedial, one medial, and two postmedial pale waved lines ; an oblique line from the apex cross- ing the postmedial lines to centre of inner margin, beyond which the area is whiter ; two pale brown blotches above inner margin near outer angle ; a waved submarginal line formed of dark specks 328 DEEPA:NTJLIDJE. with two black specks inside it at outer angle. Hind wing white ; a large round black spot at end of cell ; indistinct medial and postmedial brown bands; a submarginal waved line of black specks. Fig. 225. — Euchera substigmaria, Larva with 10 prolegs : black with head and anal segment ringed with black ; a sublateral white line ; series of white and yellow lateral transverse streaks. Hab. Dharmsala ; Nepal ; Sikhim ; Assam ; Burma. Exp. 82 millim. 697. Euchera rectificata, Wlk. Cat. xxiv, p. 1142; C. $ S. no. :;IL'>. Cyclidia patulata, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1537. Cyclidia muricolaria, Wlk. Cat. xxvi, p. 1483 ; C. $ S. no. 3124. Head and thorax greyish brown. Fore wing greyish brown ; two antemedial waved white lines, with traces of another between them ; a similar postmedial set of lines, but doubly curved ; a pale submarginal line, with a series of large brown spots beyond it connected by a waved line ; a white spot at end of cell. Hind wing grey, irrorated with brown scales : medial and postmedial brown bauds obsolete towards the costa ; a submarginal series of brown spots connected by a waved line. hob. Sikhim ; Nagas. Ex-p. 76-84 millim. 698. Euchera pitmani, Moore, J. A. S. B. lv, pt. 2, 1886, p. 99 ; C. $ S. no. 3118. Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; frons black ; antennae ochreous. Wings white ; fore wing with some fuscous marks on basal half of costa ; a subbasal narrow line ; a broad medial fuscous band, the discocellulars and veins crossing it white ; a postmedial curved line and submarginal series of spots, beyond which is a EUCHERA. — MACROCILIX. 329 series of smaller black spots and fuscous series on margin. Hind wing white, with postmedial and submarginal series of fuscous spots ; a series of black spots before the margin. Hob. Tavoy. Exp., <$ 66, $ 74 millim. Genus MACROCILIX. Macrocilix, Butl. III. Het. vi, p. 18 (1886). Type, M. mysticata, "Wlk. Range. Himalayas ; Khasi Hills ; Borneo. Palpi very minute; proboscis present. Mid tibia with one pair of spurs; hind tibia with two pairs. Eore wing with the apex rounded ; the discocellulars highly angled ; vein 6 from some way below the angle of cell ; 7, 8, 9 stalked. SECT. I. Antennae with the branches long in male, short in female. Fore wing with veins 10 and 11 stalked and not forming an areole with 9. 699. Macrocilix mysticata, Wlk. Cat. xxvi, p. 1617 ; Butl 111. Het. vi, pi. 106, fig. 4 ; C.SfS. no. 1258. Head, thorax, and abdomen white; vertex of thorax and abdomen fulvous. Wings semitransparent white. Eore wing with a broad somewhat irregular golden-brown postmedial band from the subcostals to inner margin, with a white streak on the discocellulars and short streaks on veins 3 and 4 ; two pale lines on the band from the cell to inner margin ; two submarginal Fig. 226.— Macrocilix lunulate fuscous interrupted bands. Hind wing similar ; the band sending a tooth outwards near inner margin, and another along the inner margin halfway to the base with a silvery line on it ; some silvery scales on the outer edge of the band near inner margin ; a yellow patch on the outer margin near anal angle \vith three black specks on it. Hob. Dharmsala; Sikhim. Exp. 42 millim. 330 SECT. II. Antennae of male thickened and flattened by appressed serrations. Pore wing with veins 10 and 11 from cell; 10 anastomosing with 8 and 9 to form an areole. 700. Macrocilix orbiferata, Wlk. Cat. xxiv, p. 1126. Argyris insignata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 645 j C. $ S. no. 1262. J . Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; antennae ochreous. Fore wing white ; a broad fuscous streak on basal half of costa ; an antemedial irregular indistinct fuscous band ; a similar post- medial broader band, its median portion traversed by a white line : a maculate submarginal band. Hind wing white ; a postmedial band obsolescent towards costa, broad towards inner margin, and traversed by a white line ; a yellow patch at anal angle, with sub- marginal and marginal series of dark spots and strigae on it. Hab. Sikhim ; Bhutan ; Khasis ; Borneo. Exp. 27 millim. Genus MACRAUZATA. Macrauzata, Bull. Itt. Het. vii, p. 43 (1889). Type, M. fenestraria, Moore. Bange. Japan ; N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Palpi very minute; proboscis present. Antennae with short pectinations in female ; mid and hind tibiae with very short ter- minal pairs of spurs. Frenulum present. Fore wing with the apex falcate and acute, the discocellulars highly angled ; vein 6 from angle of cell ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked and from some way before the angle. 701. Macranzata fenestraria, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 639 ; C. $ S. no. 3504. £ . Yellowish white. Fore wing with a very large irregular hyaline patch occupying the end of the cell and the area beyond Fig. 227. — Macrauzata fenestraria, $?. }. and below it, the veins crossing it yellowish ; two fulvous lines \ MACRATJZATA. — DITBIGOKA. 331 crossing the wing on the inner edge of the hyaline area and two running round its outer edge, then bent before the inner margin, some dark ferruginous on the upper edge of the patch ; a waved submarginal pale line. Hind wing similar ; the hyaline patch much more irregular. Hab. Japan ; Kangra ; Sikhim. Eocp. 60-66 millim. Genus AUZATA. Auzata, Wlk. Cat. xxvi, p. 1620 (1862). Type, A. semipavonaria, Wlk. Range. Himalayas. Palpi slight and upturned ; proboscis present. Antennae slightly thickened and flattened. Frenulum present. Fore wing with the apex acute ; outer margin angled slightly at vein 3 ; vein 6 from just below the angle of cell ; veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked and from the angle. Hind wing angled at vein 3 and crenulate from thence to anal angle. 702. Auzata semipavonaria, Wlk. Cat. xxvi, p. 1620; Butl. III. Het. vi, pi. 106, fig. 1 ; C.8f S. no. 1257. Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore wing white ; two waved and curved indistinct antemedial brownish-fuscous lines interrupted at the veins ; two similar postmedial lines with a large "comma "-shaped yellow-brown mark on them from veins 1 to 5, Fig. 228. — Auzata semipavonaria, with a black spot centred with silvery blue on it at the beginning of the " tail " ; submarginal and marginal similar lines. Hind wing white, with three similar pairs of lines, but without the spot ; traces of a third line outside the postmedial pair. Hab. Simla; Kulu ; Sikhim. Exp., <$ 42, $ 50 millim. Genus DITRIGONA. Ditrigona, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 58 (1879). Type, D. trianyularia, Moore. Range. Sikhim. Palpi minute, proboscis present. Antennae with the branches rather short ; mid tibia with one pair of long spurs, hind tibia DREPANULID.E. with two pairs. Frenulum present. Fore wing with the apex produced and acute ; vein 6 from the areole, which is large and formed by vein 10 anastomosing with 8 and 9. Hind wing with the anal angle much produced and slightly lobed. 703. Ditrigona triangularia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 612; C. $ S. no. 4024. Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore wing white ; two waved, slightly oblique, antemedial fuscous lines ; a straight medial line and two waved postmedial lines ; costa ochreous. Hind wing with an antemedial nearly straight line; a medial straight line and two postmedial slightly waved lines, all meeting near anal angle ; a black spot on the anal lobe. Cilia of both wings fuscous. Hob. Sikhim. Exp., $ 36, $ 38 millim. Fig. 229.—Ditrigona trian- gularis, rf. {. Genus TELDENIA. Teldenia, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii. p. 119 (1882). Type, T. vestigiata, Butl. Range. Sikhim ; ]Sraga Hills ; Ceylon. Palpi slender, reaching the vertex of head : proboscis present. Antennae with the branches long in male, ciliate in female. Mid and hind tibiae with terminal pairs of spurs. Frenulum present. Fore wing with the apex very slightly produced and acute ; veins 6, 7, and 10 from the areole, which is long and formed by vein 9 anastomosing \uth 8. Hind wing rounded. 704. Teldenia vestigiata, Butl A. M. K II. (r>) Yi, 1880, p. 222; id. III. Het. vi, pi. 118, fig. 10; C. % S. no. 3601. Teldenia alba, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii. p. 120; C. 8f S. no. 3600. c? . Pure white ; fore wings with a postmedial series of ochreous spots, inwardly bordered by dark lunules, the four upper spots placed in pairs, the three lower recurved towards the base ; two indistinct interrupted waved lines beyond the spots, the inner line recurved towards base near inner mar- gin ; a series of marginal black specks. Larva green, with subdorsal series of purple spots and a lateral series of black spots : dorsal tubercles on 1st and llth somites, and a slender process on 3rd somite ; a long slender process projecting backwards from llth somite. Hob. Sikhim ; Nagas ; Ceylon. Exp. 25 millim. Fig. 230.— Teldenia ves- tigiata, £ . \. LEUCODEEPANA. — DEEPANA. 333 Genus LEUCODREPANA, nov. Type, L. idceoides, Hmpsn. Range. Sikhim ; Naga Hills. Proboscis present ; palpi porrect, slender, and reaching beyond the frons ; antennae thickened and flattened in both sexes. Mid tibiae with one pair of long spurs, hind tibiae with two pairs. Frenuluin present. Fore wing with the apex somewhat acute ; vein 6 given off after the angle of cell ; 7 from end of areole, which is long, and formed by 9 and 10 anastomosing strongly with 8 ; 11 from the cell. 705. Leucodrepana idaeoides, n. sp. Pure shining white; fore wing with an indistinct subbasal fuscous line ; both wings with two oblique antemedial waved lines and two postmedial, angled below the costa of fore wing and bent towards inner margin of hind wing ; a waved sub- marginal and fine marginal line. Fig. 231.— Leucodrepana Hob. Sikhim, 10,000 feet (Holier, idceoides, <$ . \. Elwes). Exp. 33 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 706. Leucodrepana nivea, n. sp. 2 . Differs from idceoides in being of a less shining white ; fore wing with no subbasal line ; the first pair of lines more oblique ; the outer area with three waved lines at even distances apart. Hob. Sikhim (Ehves). Exp. 31 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 707. Leucodrepana obliquilinea, n. sp. Differs from the two preceding species in having the first pair of lines exceedingly oblique, arising from near the apex, and almost straight ; the three outer lines disposed as in idceoides, but almost straight. Hob. Sikhim (Holler} ; JNaga Hills, 6000 feet (Doherty}. Exp., <$ 30, 2 34 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus DKEPANA. Drepana, Schr. Faun. Boica, ii, 2, p. 155 (1802). Albara, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1566 (1866). Agnidra, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 618. Peridrepana, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 43 (1889). Callidrepana, Feld. Reis. Nov. Lep. pi. 83, fig. 11, ErU. p. 2 (1867). Type, D. falcataria, Linn., from Europe. Range. N. America ; Europe ; Japan ; Himalayas ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon; Assam Hills; Burma; Sumatra; Borneo; Solomon Islands. Palpi slight and upturned; proboscis present. Erenulum present. 334 DREPANULID^E. Fore wing with the apex generally produced and acute ; veins 6 and 11 may be given off from the cell or from the areole, which maybe formed by the anastomosis of veins 8, 9, anr 1 0, or 8 and 9 only. SECT. I. (Drepana}. Fore wing with vein 10 given off after the areole; 11 from the cell. Antennae bipectinate in male, ciliated in female ; mid tibia with one pair of spurs, hind tibia with two pairs. A. Fore wing with the apex falcate, the areole IOIKJ. 708. Drepana pallida, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 84 ; C. # S. no. 1239. Fig. 232.— Drepana pallida, d . {. Pale brown. Fore wing with traces of several antemedial lines ; a dark spot at end of cell ; an oblique fulvous band from near apex to inner margin beyond the middle, slightly bent near inner margin ; a series of indistinct submarginal dark specks. Hind wing similar, the fulvous band curved. Hob. Sikhim. Rep., rf 44, $ 60 millim. 709. Drepana hyalina, Moore, 1\ Z. S. 1888, p. 401 ; Butl. III. Het. vii, pi. 125, tig. 1. White, with a slight fuscous tinge. Fore wing crossed by two waved fuscous antemedial lines ; a dark speck at lower angle of cell ; two waved lines beyond the cell, the outer line expanding into a baud towards inner margin ; submarginal and marginal series of indistinct specks. Hind wing with one antemedial, two post- medial, and one submarginal indistinct waved lines. In a Kulu specimen the markings are almost obsolete. Hal). Dharmsala; Kulu. Exp. 43 millim. 710. Drepana rufofasciata, n. sp. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown. Fore wing pale brown, with a broad median rufous band occupying half the wing, and bearing two white spots on the costa, from which indistinct pale waved lines proceed to inner margin ; a round grey-centred dark spot at lower angle of cell ; a submarginal series of black specks. Hind wing pale brown, with traces of two antemedial pale lines ; a black speck at end of cell ; three postmedial waved lines. Hal>. Sikhim (Elwes). Exp. 43 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. DREPANA. 335 711. Drepana ochreipennis, n. sp. Reddish ochreous, clouded with reddish brown. Fore wing crossed by ante- and postmedial whitish narrow bands or series of small spots ; a dark speck at end of cell. Hind wing with a speck at end of cell, and a postmedial white band or series of spots. Hab. Sikhim (Moller). Exp., $ 28, $ 30 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. B. Fore winy with the apex not falcate. 712. Drepana quinaria, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 618 ; C. $ S. no. 3142. cJ . White, with a very slight ochreous tinge ; the branches of antennae ochreous ; fore wing crossed by about seven very indis- tinct pale waved lines ; hind wing by one medial and three post- medial similar lines. $ . Purer white, with the lines slightly better marked. Hab. Sikhim, 7000-10,000 feet. Exp., <$ 38, £ 36 millim. 713. Drepana innotata, n. sp. 2 . Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Wings hyaline, with a few scattered white scales and absolutely without markings. Hab. Kulu (Graham- Young). Exp. 36 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. C. Fore wing falcate ; the areole short ; vein 6 from angle of cell. 714. Drepana fasciata, n. sp. 5 . Head, antennae, and legs brown ; thorax and abdomen white. Wings silvery white, crossed by ante- and postmedial straight ferruginous lines ; a waved submarginal indistinct line ; cilia and costa of fore wing ferruginous. Hab. Sikhim (Moller). Exp. 48 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. SECT. II. (Albara). Fore wing with vein 10 from end of areole ; 11 from the cell. A. Antennce simple in female ; the distal portion serrate in male. 715. Drepana specularia, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1553; ButL III. Het. vi, pi. 106, tig. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 1255. Red-brown ; the head chestnut. Fore wing with traces of two antemedial and two postmedial waved lines ; a pale spot in the cell, two below the origin of vein 2, a large patch in and beyond the end of cell, the discocellulars and veins 3 and 4 where they cross it dark ; postmedial and submarginal indistinct waved lines. 336 Hind wing with a semih valine patch in and beyond the end of cell, the veins crossing it dark ; traces of two antemedial, two post- medial, and a submarginal dark waved line. Hah. Sikbim. Exp. 46 millim. 716. Drepana discispilaria, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 619 j C. # S. no. 1253. Agnidra usta, Bull III. Het. vi, p. 17, pi. 106, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 1256. J . Differs from specularia in the head being dark brown ; the pale patches at end of cell of both wings replaced by a round dark spot with grey centre. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 44 millim. 717. Drepana perhamata, n. sp. 2 . Fore wing with the apex extremely produced. Head, thorax, and legs dull red-brown. Pore wing with a broad purplish- fuscous medial band with waved edges ; an indistinct waved post- medial line ; the outer area suffused with fuscous, the nervules crossing it pale. Hind wing with the basal area fuscous, its outer edge waved ; two pale specks at end of cell ; an indistinct post- medial waved line. c? . Much more uniform purple ; some brown appearing near the postmedial waved lines of both wings. Hob. JSaga and Jaintia Hills. Exp., <$ 38, £ 42 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 718. Drepana muscularia, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1 554 ; C. fy S. no. 1254. c? . Dark purple-grey ; the vertex of head fulvous. Fore wing with the costa fulvous ; antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal waved dark lines ; a large patch of vinous red occupying the lower half of outer area. Hind wing similar, the whole outer area vinous. Hub. Sikhim. Exp. 42 millim. 719. Drepana violacea, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 42, pi. 124, fig. 7. cJ . Pale purplish grey ; the head brown. Fore wing with the costa fulvous ; both wings with traces of a faint antemedial line and an oblique well-defined fulvous postmedial line, which becomes medial on the hind wing ; cilia pale brown at tips. Hob. Dharmsala. Exp. 38 millim. 720. Drepana lilacina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 401 ; Bull. III. Het. vii, pi. 124, figs. 8, 9 ; C. & S. no. 1238 B. Drepana simillima, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 402 ; C. $ S. no. 1242 A. Pale brownish grey ; the antennae darker. Fore wing with an indistinct oblique antemedial chestnut line ; a chestnut postmedial line from apex to inner margin beyond the middle ; some dark DREPANA. 337 submarginal specks. Hind wing with subbasal and medial straight chestnut lines. One specimen from Sikhim has the chestnut lines very broad and prominent, and a chestnut band at middle of abdomen. Hob. Dharmsala ; Kangra ; Sikhim. Exp. 40 rnillim. 721. Drepana orphnina, n. sp. d* . Uniform dark purplish grey. Fore wing with traces of a dark line on discocellulars, and two antemedial, three postmedial, and one submarginal line. Hind wing with traces of one antemedial, three postmedial, and one submarginal line. Underside pale, the costa of fore wing tinged with red. Hab. Naga Hills, 6000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 32 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 722. Drepana prunicolor, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 288. d" . Dark purplish grey. Fore wing with an acutely angled yellowish antemedial line ; a similar postmedial line met at the angle by a yellow line from the apex ; a pale submarginal line. Hind wing with slightly curved subbasal, medial, and submarginal yellowish lines. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 36 millim. *723. Drepana postica, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 84, pi. 2, fig. 8 ; C. $ S. no. 1241. c? . Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing purplish brown, the last with the base and outer angle yellowish ; an indistinct ante- medial line ; an oblique dark line from near the apex to centre of inner margin ; a submarginal series of specks. Hind wing pale yellow, with ante- and postmedial curved darker lines ; some sub- marginal specks ; both wings with a white speck at end of cell. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 37 millim. 724. Drepana vinacea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 85 ; C. $ S. no. 1244. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen dark purplish grey. Fore wing reddish brown, suffused with purplish on inner and outer areas ; a double oblique line from near the apex to inner margin beyond the middle ; an indistinct waved submarginal line. Hind wing entirely suffused with purplish ; the double line medial ; traces of two submarginal lines. Underside ochreous, with a speck at end of cell of each wing ; purplish blotches beyond the oblique line of the fore wing ; hind wing with a curved medial line. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 42 millim. 725. Drepana fenestraria, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 618; C. $ S. no. 3141. . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous. Fore wing pale VOL. i. K 338 DEEPATOJLID^. ochreous, slightly suffused with fuscous; an oblique black line from lower angle of cell to inner margin ; an oblique postmedial line from apex ; a trifid hyaline patch before the postmedial line from vein 2 to 5, the latter being bent ; a lunulate submarginal pale line ; a marginal fine dark line. Hind wing pale ochreous, with straight ante- and postmedial lines and waved submarginal line, the area between the two latter suffused with fuscous ; a fine marginal line. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 36 millim. 726. Drepana trilinearia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 618; C. $ S. no. 3143. c? . Differs from fenestraria in the head being black. Fore wing with the basal and costal areas suffused with fuscous ; no oblique line from lower angle of cell ; no hyaline patch ; vein 5 straight, the postmedial line angled below the costa ; the submarginal line of both wings straight. Hind wing with the inner area slightly suffused with fuscous ; the ante- and postmedial lines indistinct. Hah. Sikhim. Exp. 32 millim. 727. Drepana excisa, u. sp. c?. Fore wing with the outer margin deeply excised below the apex ; hind wing angled at vein 4 ; hind tibiae with one pair of spurs. Differs irowfenestraria in not being suffused with fuscous : fore wing with the hyaline patch extending from veins 2 to 4 ; vein 5 straight ; the postmedial line curved. Hind wing with the sub- marginal line straight. Hob. Sikhim ; Naga Hills, 1500 feet(£aforty). Exp. 28 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. B. (Callidrepana). Antennae bipectinated in both sexes, the brandies long in the male. 723. Drepana argenteola, Moore, Lop. E. I. Co. p. 369 (1859). Drepana patrana, Moore, P. 7.. S. 1865, p. 816 ; C. & S. no. 1240. Drepana biocularis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 84, pi. 2, fig. 9 ; C. $ S. no. 1236. Drepana bracteata, Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix, inedv pi. 160, fi«r. 5. Head fulvous ; thorax and abdomen pale fawn-colour. Wings pale or dark fawn-colour. Fore wing with traces of an antemedial waved line ; a daVk patch on the discocellulars, often wanting ; a double brown Hue from the apex to inner margin beyond the middle ; a series of submarginal dark specks on the veins ; the area in the cell and below the costa, the veins, the outer edge of the oblique line, and the outer margin spangled with brilliant bluish-silver scales. Hind wing with a double straight medial line not reaching the DBEPANA. . 339 costa ; a postmedial series of specks ; silvery scales on outer edge of the line and on outer margin. The form bracteata from Ceylon is much darker, with the disco- cellular patch of the fore wing broken up into three small spots, and with more silvery irroration. Hob. Sikhim; Burma; Ceylon; Java. Exp., $ 35-45, $ 50 millim. 729. Drepana argentilinea, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 394. Caltidrepana argentifera, Druce, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 574, pi. 29, fig. 3. c? . Ochreous white. Pore wing with a dark line with a few silvery scales on it along basal two-thirds of costa ; two dark streaks at end of cell ; an elongate black spot on discocellulars with some silvery scales on it ; a dark streak from upper angle of cell to near apex, then curved round and waved to inner margin and with silvery scales on it ; an indistinct streak beyond the cell ; a marginal silvery line ; the marginal area slightly suffused with orange. Hind wing with a silvery submarginal line towards anal angle, with orange suffusion between it and margin. Hcib. Burma; Singapore; Sula; Solomons. Exp. 26 millim. 730. Drepana pulcherrima, n. sp. cJ . Head bright chestnut ; thorax and abdomen ochreous brown. Fore wing pale olive-green suffused with chestnut, especially on inner basal area ; a waved and angled indistinct antemedial black line ; a postmedial oblique chestnut line from costa before apex to inner margin beyond the middle, with an indistinct black line before it angled below the costa ; a submarginal series of black specks ; numerous silvery and a few black scales below the costa, on inner basal area, and on each side of the oblique line. Hind wing with the costal area yellow, without markings ; the inner half of wing chestnut-brown, irrorated with silvery scales ; black ante- and postmedial lines, the latter followed by a red-brown band, then a black-brown band, and a marginal red-brown band with some yellow lunules at anal angle ; both wings with a marginal silvery line. Cilia of both wings red-brown tipped with silver. Under- side yellow, with a medial black band across the hind wing. Allied to D. micacea, Wlk., from Borneo. Hob. Tenasserim Valley, Burma (Doherty). Exp. 42 millim. Type in coll. Druce. 731. Drepana duplex, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865. p. 816, pi. 43. tiff. 8; C. 8f S. no. 1237. $ . Head and thorax purplish grey ; abdomen and fore wing pale brown, suffused with purplish grey. Fore wing with two antemedial waved dark lines ; a dark oblique line from the apex to centre of inner margin, the outer line deep black ; a pale apical •2 340 DBEPANULIDJE. patch with dark outline irrorated with brown, but without purplish suffusion ; the marginal area similar, with a brown submarginal line. Hind wing pale brownish ochreous ; a broad purplish ante- medial band with dark outer edge ; the outer area striated with brown. Cilia of both wings dark. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 68 millim. 732. Drepana specularis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 407 ; id. Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 124, fig. 2; C. $ S. no. 1243. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous brown ; the vertex of head and shaft of antennae'white. Pore wing pale ochreous brown ; an indistinct antemedial irregular fuscous band; the outer area suffused with fuscous, leaving the veins pale ; a pale oblique line from near the apex to inner margin beyond the middle ; a sub- marginal series of black spots. Hind wing wholly suffused with fuscous, except the base and apex ; the oblique line medial ; two hyaline spots beyond the cell between veins 4 and 6 ; the submar- ginal spots indistinct. Hob. Sikhim ; Ceylon. Exp., 3 34, ? 66 millim. 733. Drepana flava, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 84, pi. 2, fig. 7; C. $ S. no. 1238. $ . Chrome-yellow ; head and antennae fulvous. Pore wing with an indistinct dark waved antemedial line ; a speck at end of cell ; two short waved lines beyond lower angle of cell ; a waved postmedial line ; two series of dark submarginal lunules, two of the outer series below the apex having white centres. Hind wing with a dark spot at end of cell ; a waved postmedial line and two submarginal series of lunules. Hub. Sikhim. Exp. 58 millim. SECT. III. Pore wing with vein 11 given off from the middle of the areole, 10 from the end of it ; mid tibia with no spurs ; hind tibia with a terminal pair. A. Antenna? of female ciliate ; of male bipectinate^ the distal portion serrate. 734. Drepana albonotata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 83 (1879) ; C. $ S. no. 1235. Callidrepana ochrea, Eutl. 111. Het. vi, p. 17, pi. 105, fig. 10(1886). c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow. Wings chrome-yellow. Pore wing with the costa dark ; traces of an antemedial waved dark line ; a dark speck in the cell, and two silvery-white specks at end of it, the speck at lower angle on a fulvous ground; traces of waved postmedial and submarginal dark lines ; a purplish mar- ginal patch below the apex, the cilia beyond it rufous, all the DREPANA. 341 markings irrorated with silvery scales. Hind wing with traces of antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal waved dark lines. The form ochrea differs in having an orange tinge, and the lines almost obsolete, as are the silvery-white specks at end of cell of both wings. In the JN"ilgiri specimen the apex of fore wing is rather more produced. Hab. Sikhim ; Nilgiris. Exp. 34-38 millim. 735. Drepana sadana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 817 ; C. $ S. no. 1242. (S . Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow ; frons and antennae brown. Fore wing luteous yellow ; traces of an antemedial waved dark line ; an orange spot in the cell and one at end of it ; a large purplish or red-brown patch beyond the lower angle of cell, with two dark spots on it and some chestnut on its upper edge ; a sub- marginal series of indistinct spots, two below the apex being pro- minent ; a chestnut patch on outer margin below the apex. Hind wing with indistinct antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal waved dark lines. The patch of fore wing is very variable in extent, being some- times joined to the marginal patch and occupying the whole outer area except the costa, while sometimes both are almost absent. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 40 millim. 736. Drepana xanthoptera, n. sp. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish yellow. Wings bright ochreous. Fore wing with a curved red-brown antemedial line ; an oblique line from the costa before the apex to centre of inner margin; a submarginal series of dark specks, the two nearest the apex with white spots inside them ; apex and outer margin suffused with red-brown. Hind wing with ante- and postmedial red-brown lines ; a white speck at end of cell ; a submarginal series of dark specks. Hab. Naga Hills, 1500 feet (Doherty) ; Khasi Hills. Exp. 30-36 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 737. Drepana ferrea, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 160, fig 15. 5 . Chestnut-brown, with a purplish tinge. Fore wing with indistinct maculate ante- and postmedial fuscous bands ; two white dark-outlined specks at end of cell ; traces of a submarginal series of dark specks ; a dark blotch on outer margin below the apex. Hind wing with the markings similar ; one white speck at end of cell. Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 42 millim. 738. Drepana quadripunctata, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 175. Head red-brown ; thorax, abdomen, and wings reddish ochreous, the last with waved ante- and postmedial lines and two black 342 DBEPANTTLIDJ5. specks on the discocellulars ; the postmedial line of fore wing angled beyond the cell, the angle ending in a dark speck on vein 6. Underside with the black specks and postmedial line prominent on both wings. Hob. Naga Hills ; Perak. Exp.t 3 26, $ 38 millim. 739. Drepana vira, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 817 ; C. # S. no. 1245. Head, thorax, and fore wing violaceous grey ; abdomen and hind wing yellow. Fore wing with an antemedial erect red-brown line arising from a dark spot on the costa ; a similar postmedial spot ; a white speck at upper angle of cell and two at lower angle ; an oblique submarginal nearly straight red-brown line ; cilia chest- nut. Underside yellow. Hab. Sikhim. ~ Rep. 30 millim. B. Antennae bipectinate to apex in male. 740. Drepana fulva, n. sp. cJ . Bright fulvous yellow ; head and collar bright ferruginous. Fore wing with traces of two dark specks beyond the cell in the interspaces between veins 2 and 4 ; the cilia fuscous, greyish at tips. Hind wing uniform fulvous yellow. $ . Much browner. Hab. Sikhim (Elwes). Exp. 44 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 741. Drepana hyalinata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 638; C. $ S. no. 3506. Fore wing with the apex rounded, the outer margin slightly angled. $ . Antennae bipectinate, the branches long. Head, thorax, and abdomen grey; vertex of thorax and abdomen suffused \\ ith rust-red. Fore wing hyaline ; the basal area sparsely clad with rust-red scales, and terminating in an angle at lower extremity of cell ; traces of an irregular hyaline antemedial line ; an irregular submarginal rust-red band outlined in black, curved and narrow below the costa and angled at vein 3. Hind wing hyaline, with some rust-red scales on inner margin, and a rust-red lunulate submarginal band outlined in black. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 32 millim. Genus SPICA. Spica, Swinh. P. Z. 8. 1889, p. 424. Type, 8. luteola, Swinh. Range. Sikhim. Palpi of moderate length, the first two joints thickly scaled ; proboscis present. Antennae of male with the branches short and SPICA. — THTMISTADA. 343 close together ; mid tibiae with one pair of spurs, hind tibiae with two pairs. Fore wing with vein 6 from just above angle of cell ; 7 and 10 from the areole, 8 and 9 from end of it ; frenulum present. 742. Spica luteola, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 424, pi. 44, fig. 10. Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow. Fore wing yellow, irrorated with orange scales ; an angled ferruginous antemedial line ; an oblique postmedial line ; reniform outlined with ferrugi- nous ; a curved submarginal line : Fig. 233. — Spica luteola, $. \. an oblique apical streak. Hind wing pale ochreous. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 34 millim. Genus THYMISTADA. Thyinistada, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 515 (1865). Type, T. tripunctata, Wlk. Range. Sikhim. Palpi slender, upturned and reaching vertex of head ; proboscis present. Antennae with the branches long in male. Mid tibia with one pair of long spurs ; hind tibia with two pairs. Frenulum present. Fore wing with the apex falcate and pointed ; outer margin angled at vein 3 ; veins 6, 7, and 10 from the areole, which is large and formed by the anastomosis of 8 and 9. Hind wing with the inner margin deeply excised at anal angle. 743. Thymistada tripunctata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 515; C. $ S. no. 1234. Erosia cervinaria, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 646 ; C. $ S. no. 3052. Head red-brown ; thorax, abdomen, and fore wing dark pur- plish brown ; the last with waved dark antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal lines, in some speci- mens, with a few grey scales on their outer edges ; three dark specks on the discocellulars ; costa and outer margin red- brown ; cilia black, with pale tips. Hind wing pale fuscous; nymisladat^iata, rf. }. a *«* Patch, at .a"al al?gle' w"h a bent line of white scales on it ; cilia pale at apical area, black with pale tips towards anal angle. 344 ?. Paler. There is a large paler form also from Sikhim. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 36-40 millim. Genus DEROCA. Deroca, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 822 (1855). Type, D. hyalina, Wlk. Range. Japan ; N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Nagas ; Manipur ; Pegu. Palpi short and slight ; proboscis present. Antenna with the branches long in male, short in female. Mid tibia with one pair of minute spurs, hind tibia with two pairs. Frenulum absent. Fore wing with apex rounded ; vein 6 from the areole, 7 and 10 from the end of it. Hind wing with vein 8 anastomosing strongly with 7. 744. Deroca hyalina, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 823 ; C. $ S. no. 899. Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish, sparsely covered with white hair. Wings hyaline ; fore wing with traces of two ante- medial waved lines, and both wings with two postmedial and one submarginal waved line ; a series of marginal spots and a marginal more or less prominent dark line. There is a small less completely hyaline form from Sikhim that may be distinct. Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Ndgas ; Manipur ; E. Pegu. Exp. 34-44 millim. 745. Deroca inconclusa, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1727. Deroca maculata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 575 ; C. 8f S. no. 900. Differs from hyalina in the wings being clothed sparsely with white hair. Fore wing with two black spots below the costa on basal area; two below them in and below the cell ; a series of three antemedial spots, on costa, at origin of vein 2, and on inner margin ; a postmedial series of four spots, two being on the dis- cocellulars ; a submarginal series of dentate spots interrupted at Fig. 235.— Deroca ineonclusa, tf . \. middle, with a white line running through them ; three pairs of marginal spots. Hind wing with two indistinct postmedial macu- late bands ; a black spot at apex, a pair at middle of outer margin, and a pair at anal angle. Hob. Japan ; N.W. Himalayas ; Nagas ; Manipur. Exp., <$ 33, 36-43 millim. PHALACRA. 345 Genus PHALACRA. Phalacra, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1638 (1866). Type, P. vidhisara, Wlk. Range. India and Ceylon. Palpi short and slight ; proboscis present. Antennae serrate in male, thickened and flattened in female. Mid tibia with one pair of long spurs, hind tibia with two pairs. Frenulum absent. Fore wing produced, the apex acute ; vein 6 from below the angle of cell ; 7 from the areole which is formed by 9 and 10 anasto- mosing with 8. Hind wing with the outer margin straight from anal angle to vein 6, where it is angled. SECT. I. "Wings with the outer margins not excised below the apices. 746. Phalacra vidhisara, Wlk. Cat. xxi, p. 319 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii, pi. 201, figs. 1, 1 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 4011. Phalacra rnetagonaria, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1639. Pale reddish brown, sparsely irrorated with black scales. Fore wing with traces of an antemedial waved black line ; postmedial and submarginal series of black specks. Hind wing with an in- Fig. 236. — Phalacra vidhisara, $ . \. distinct subbasal line ; a double medial line ; postmedial and sub- marginal series of black specks. Cilia of both wings traversed by a black line. Larva fusiform, the head broad ; lateral and dorsal set® and prolonged anal setaceous spines ; colour green, with a dorsal pink band laterally bordered by yellow, and two red lines. Pupa purple-brown, covered with white bloom. Hab. Bombay; Calcutta; Nilgiris; Ceylon. Exp.9 <$ 28, £ 38 millim. SECT. II. Both wings with the outer margins excised below the apices. 747. Phalacra excisa, n. sp. $ . Grey-brown. Fore wing with the outer margin excised below the apex and angled at vein 4 ; traces of numerous waved 346 DREPANTJLID^. lines ; a black spot in the cell ; a pale postmedial band with waved edges ; a dark speck on the costa before the apex. Hind wing paler, with the lines nearly straight, two antemedial, four post- medial, and one submarginal line being prominent, the outer margin excised between the apex and the much-produced angle at vein 6. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 36 millim. Type in coll. Knyvett. Genus DRAPETODES. Drapetodes, Guen. Sp. Gen. Ltp. Phal i, p. 424 (1857). Type, D. mitaria, Guen. Range. Sikhim ; Sylhet ; Nagas ; Ceylon ; Singapore. Palpi slender and upturned, reaching vertex of head, the third joint short ; proboscis present. Antennae thickened and flattened in both sexes. Legs naked ; mid tibia with one pair, hind tibia with two pairs of long spurs. Frenulum absent. Pore wing with the apex rounded ; vein 6 from below the angle of cell ; 7 from the angle ; 8, 9, 10 stalked. 748. Drapetodes mitaria, Guen. Sp. Gin. Up. Phal. i, p. 424 j C. # S. no. 3590. Drapetodes fratercula, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 541, pi. 200, figs. 1, 1 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 3589. Anisodes ? platycerata, Wlk. Cat. xxvi, p. 1586. Fulvous yellow. Fore wing with a plumbeous line below the costa of fore wing from the base to the apex, then passing inside the outer margin to outer angle ; two indistinct dentate antemedial lines ; two dark specks at end of cell ; the area just beyond the cell suffused with purplish grey ; three obliquely- waved and curved Fig. 237. lines from the costa near apex to centre Drapetodes mitaria, tf . \. of inner margin, where they almost meet ; the area near outer angle suf- fused with purplish grey. Hind wing with two subbasal lines ; a broad medial purplish-grey baud with dark edges, three waved lines beyond it, and a leaden submarginal liue. The tormfratercula, from Sikhim, the rvigas, and Ceylon, has the basal area of both wings, the apex of fore wing, and outer area of hind wing very pale yellow, and all the markings well defined ; the meso- and metathorax and abdomen pale, the last with dark bands. Larva pale salmon-pink; head pale yellow, with two brown transverse bands ; anal somite tapering to a bifid point, each somite with six small setaceous glandular spines. Dorsal surface of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd somites dull green, of 4th, 5th, 10th, and llth dark brown ; lateral area of 6th to 9th yellow ; a lateral series of six DEAPETODES. — OBETA. 347 dark brown diagonal stripes. Spins a cocoon in a rolled-up leaf ; pupa covered with white bloom. Hob. Sikhiin • Sylhet ; Nagas ; Ceylon ; Singapore. Exp., <$ 28, $ 32millim. Genus CILIX. Cilix, Leach, Edinb. Encycl. ix, p. 134 (1815). Euclea, Hubn. Verz. p. 149 (1818). Type, C. glaucata, Scop. Range. N. America : Europe ; Himalayas. Proboscis absent; antennae of male bipectinated, the branches short, of female serrate. Fore wing with veins 6 and 7 from angle of cell ; 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with vein 8 anastomosing with 7 beyond the cell. In American and European specimens the palpi are minute and porrect ; the hind tibiae have two pairs of spurs ; fore wing with vein 7 separate from 8, 9, 10. In Himalayan specimens the palpi are absent ; the hind tibiae have but one pair of spurs, and vein 7 of the fore wing is bent upwards and almost, or quite, anastomoses with 8, 9, 10. 749. Cilix glaucata, Scop. Ent. Cam. p. 221. Bomhyx ruffa, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, 2, p. 1068. Bombyx compressa, Fabr. Gen. Ins. p. 279. Geometra modesta, Naturf. xiii, 27, pi. 3, fig. 4. Head and thorax fuscous ; collar and tegulae pure white ; abdomen white, slightly ringed with fuscous. Fore wing pure shining white ; a large leaden patch on centre of inner margin irrorated with white, with some olive on its upper r.r 238 ^ edge and above it; a more or less obso- lete fuscous band from beyond the upper angle of cell to the leaden patch ; raised ridges of white scales on end of median nervure and origins of veins 2, 3, 4 : a submarginal fuscous line from vein 6 to inner margin, with a series of marginal leaden lunules beyond it ; cilia fuscous. Hind wing white, with a marginal fuscous lunular band. Hob. N. America ; Europe ; Simla ; Dalhousie. Exp., J 24, $ 26 millim. Genus OEETA. Oreta, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1166 (1855). Cobanilla, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 120 (1883). Type, 0. extensa, Wlk. Eange. N. America; Japan; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java. 348 DBEPANULID.E. Proboscis absent. Antennae serrate in both sexes or bipectinate in male. Legs fringed with hair. Frenulum absent. Fore wing produced and falcate, the apex rounded ; vein 6 from angle of cell ; 7 and 8 stalked ; 9, 10, 11 stalked, 9 anastomosing shortly with 7 and 8. SECT. I. (Oreta). Palpi minute ; mid and hind tibiae without spurs. A. Antennce with the serrations not coalescing. 750. Oreta extensa, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1166 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 124, figs. 3, 3a; C.#£. no. 1246. Oreta suffusa, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1167. Head and legs bright orange or scarlet ; thorax and abdomen yellow, with a pink tinge. Both wings yellow, suffused with pink- ish brown, sometimes uniformly, but generally the basal area of Fig. 239.— Oreta extensa, <$. \. fore wing and the whole outer area of hind wing, except the apex, is not suffused ; both wings with numerous small, dark, evenly distributed and more or less prominent spots, and two white specks on the discocellulars. Fore wing with a yellow oblique line from the apex to inner margin beyond the middle, and a fuscous spot at outer angle. The form suffusa is much duller in colour and suffused with brown. Larva spins a cocoon in a rolled-up leaf. Hab. The whole of India, Ceylon, and Burma; Java. Exp., c? 38-43, $ 40-54 millim. 751. Oreta sanguinea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 85; C. $ S. no. 1249. £ . Differs from extensa in having the thorax and abdomen slightly suffused with pale crimson. Fore wing with the basal two- thirds pale crimson, followed by a broad yellow band with irregu- lar edges ; the marginal area greyish fuscous at apex and outer angle, pale crimson at middle. Hind wing with the basal half and apex pale crimson ; the outer half yellow. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 50 millim. OEETA. 349 752. Oreta violacea, Hmpsn. Ill Net. viii, p. 62, pi. 141, fig. 18. $ . Differs from extensa in being yellow, with a purplish, not pinkish, brown tinge ; the collar white ; head and legs less brilliant orange ; fore wing with the whole basal area yellowish ; the ob- lique yellow line from the apex curved ; the apex greyish. Hind wing suffused with purplish, the base, a medial line, and a patch on outer margin yellowish. Hob. Nilgiris, S. slopes, 3000 feet. Exp. 28 millim. 753. Oreta obtusa, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1167; C. $ S. no. 1247. Oreta vatama, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 816 ; C. 8f S. no. 1250. J . Differs from extensa in the frons and legs being more brilliant scarlet ; the thorax and abdomen yellowish. Wings with the ground-colour yellowish, evenly striated with brown. Fore wing with a bright chestnut curved line from apex to centre of inner margin, the area within it suffused with pinkish-brown, ex- cept a patch on base of inner margin bounded by an indistinct dark line ; a pinkish-brown patch on centre of outer margin ; the apex dark, with some white scales on the origin of the oblique line. Hind wing with a broad medial pinkish-brown band with dark edges. Both wings with some white on the discocellulars ; cilia of fore wing and at apex of hind wing red. 5 . More suffused with brown ; the line from apex of fore wing less curved. Hob. Kashmir ; Sikhim ; Sylhet. Exp., J 40, $ 48 millim. B. Male with the antennae thickened and flattened by the coalescing of the serrations. 754. Oreta obliquilinea, n. sp. Differs from obtusa in being ochreous yellow ; the head and legs not so brilliantly scarlet. Wings with evenly-disposed brown striae ; a straight oblique brown line with greyish outer edge from apex of fore wing to inner margin of hind wiug before the middle. Underside of fore wing and costal area of hind wing more or less suffused with red. The male from the Punjab has almost the whole fore wing and the apex of hind wing suffused with brown. Hob. Kalapani, Punjab ; Sikhim ; Sylhet. Exp., 0. Differs from myrsusalis in being brick-red ; the striae less distinct. Fore wing without the yellow costa. Underside suffused with pink, the striae well defined ; a dark brown subapical patch on margin of fore wing. The form fenestrata has two hyaline spots on the fore wing, with an ochreous streak between them ; ovifera from Borneo has the 3rd joint of palpi aud the hyaline spots long ; whilst plagifera from Tonga has only the upper spot, which is oval. Hob. W. Indies ; throughout India ; Andamans ; Borneo ; Ce- lebes ; Tonga. Rrp. 28 millim. 776. Rhodoneura semitesselalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1246. Differs from myrtcea in being fuscous ; the thorax and abdomen in some specimens slightly suffused with pink. Fore wing with all three spots below the cell hyaline ; the centre of the marginal area occupied by a large irregular patch of hyaline globules, out- lined with ochreous and red. Hind wing with a medial band of globules similar to those on the fore wing ; a number on inner area and at apex and centre of outer area. Hob. E. Pegu ; Australia. Kcp. 26 millim. 777. Rhodoneura loceusalis, Wlk. Cat. xix, p. 903 ; C. $ S. no. 4453. Pyralis? thyralis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1234; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 178, fig. 10 ; C. # S. no. 4499. $ . Greenish grey ; abdomen pinkish at extremity. Wings with RHODONEURA. 359 slight brown striae ; a marginal pink line. Fore wing with the outer margin slightly excurved at veins 2, 3, 4 ; an ochrec^s patch irrorated with pink beyond and below the end of cell, with two pairs of hyaline spots on it and a single spot below them. Under- side silvery grey ; the striations of the hind wing and those on the patch of fore wing bright chestnut and prominent. Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 16 millim. 778. Rhodoneura nitens, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) xx, 1887, p. 116 ; Hmpm. III. Het. ix, pi. 171, fig. 8. Pharamhara hamifera, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 213 ; C. $ S. no. 4380. Microsca marginepunctalis, Leech, Entom. 1889, p. 66, pi. 4, fig. 10. ^ . Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish white. Fore wing white, suffused with olive or pale red-brown, especially beyond the cell, and evenly striated with dark lines ; indistinct anternedial, medial, and submarginal bands ; a white patch striated with dark lines at or just below the apex, with a black line or patch on its lower edge. Hind wing similar but less clouded, and with medial and submarginal bands only. Underside paler, the bands bright chestnut-brown : fore wing with series of longitudinal and trans- verse black costal striae ; a large apical red-brown patch with a large white hamate mark on it ; some goMen scales on the retina- culum and silvery scales on subcostal nervure from middle to end of cell : hind wing with medial, postmedial, and submarginal bands. Hob. Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Japan ; Solomons. Exp. 28-32 millim. 779. Rhodoneura pallida, Butl 111 Het. iii, p. 71, pi. 58, fig. 7. £ . Differs from nitens in being paler. Fore wing suffused and striated with pale reddish brown ; the apical patch red-brown, with the white black-edged strigae small ; the submarginal band of both wings regular, with a pale centre. Hob. Japan ; Sikhim ; Assam. Exp. 24 millim. 780. Rhodoneura glaphyralis, n. sp. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen variegated pale yellow and brown. Wings pale yellow, striated with reddish brown, which forms ill-defined medial and submarginal bands to both wings ; the submarginal band not continued on apical area of fore wing ; six or seven short bands from the costa of fore wing to subcostal nervure. Underside of fore wing with black and white streaks en the subcostal nervures in the cell and beyond the upper angle. Hob. Sikhim (Moller). Exp. 34 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 781. Rhodoneura exusta, Butl. HI Het. iii, p. 71, pi. 58, fig. 8. Microsca ardens, Butl. III. Het. iii, p. 71, pi. 58, fig. 9. Microsca exusta, var. erecta, Leech, Entom. 1889, p. 66, pi. 4, fig. 3. Head, thorax, and abdomen chestnut. Wings chestnut, striated 360 THYEIDIDJE. with brown. Fore wing with very indistinct subbasal and ante- medial bands ; a postmedial band expanding towards the costa ; a prominent subapical band from costa to outer margin ; a short band at outer angle. Hind wing with an indistinct subbasal band ; a broad medial band. Underside of fore wing with the markings below the costa as in nitens ; a very prominent dark medial band, interrupted in the Sikhim specimen. Hob. Japan; Sikhim. E.rp., 6 20-33, $ 30 millim. 782. Rhodoneura emblicalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 213; C. $ S. no. 4379. Pharambara sphoraria, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1892, p. 18, pi. 1, fig. 17. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale red-brown. Wings striated with red-brown ; the basal two-thirds red-brown, the outer third ochreous : fore wing with a subapical line from the costa to outer margin at vein 5. Underside \\ith series of longitudinal and transverse black streaks on the costa of fore wing ; the subcostal nervure and nervules streaked with black and white ; an oblique •similar streak across the cell. Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis ; Calcutta. Exp.t <$ 24, $ 20 millim. 783. Rhodoneura disparalis, Hmpm. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 171, fig. 11. $ . Head and collar bright rust-red ; thorax pale. Wings reddish white ; a red-brown band, which extends on the fore wing from the centre of the costa to apex, narrowing to the centre of inner margin of hind wing ; outer margin red-brown ; fore wing with a white triangular mark on the costa before the apex. Underside with a red-brown patch on the costa of fore wing at Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 26 millim. 784. Rhodoneura atripunctalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1523. c? . Differs from disparalis in being browner ; the wings striated with brown ; a prominent black spot on outer margin of fore wing below the apex on both upper and under sides. Hob. Nilgiris ; Java. Exp. 28 millim. 785. Rhodoneura bipuncta, n. sp. cJ . Head dark red-brown ; thorax and abdomen paler. Fore wing pale reddish chestnut, with a large medial greyish sub- triangular patch on the costa and a smaller postmedial patch ; an oblique ferruginous band from the costa just beyond the middle to median nervure and a more indistinct band from lower angle of cell to inner margin ; two prominent white subapical spots. Hind wing pale chestnut, with a prominent medial ferruginous band. Underside of fore wing with the white subapical spots very pro- minent on a dark chestnut patch. BHODONEURA. 361 Hob. Tenasserim Valley (Doherty). Exp. 28 millim. Type in coll. Druce. 786. Rhodoneura vinosa, Butl. P. Z. S. 1892, p. 130, pi. vi, fig. 8. Pharambara reticulata, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 212 (nom. prseocc.) C. $ S. no. 4382. tf . Head, thorax, and abdomen dark red-brown, with a pur- plish tinge. Fore wing glistening purplish brown, evenly striated with dark lines ; antemedial, medial, and postmedial red-brown bands with dark edges ; a curved irregular line from the post- medial band on the costa to outer angle ; a very irregular sub- marginal line sending spurs to the outer margin. Hind wing with no postmedial band. Underside with some black and white streaks below the subcostal nervure of fore wing. Some specimens have a pair of white spots near the origin of vein 2 of both wings, sometimes with dark spots between the white ones. $ without the purplish tinge ; the bands of both wings re- placed by lines, which on the fore wing are Y-shaped. Hob. Sikhim; Margharita, Assam; Borneo. Exp., tf 37, $ 42 millim. 787. Rhodoneura fasciata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 213, pi. 7, fig. 22 ; C. # S. no. 4383. <3 . Head ferruginous ; thorax pale red-brown ; abdomen ochreous. Fore wing ochreous white, slightly striated with brown ; a broad chestnut oblique band occupying the whole wing, except the costal and outer areas, and running up to the costa at end of cell ; a black line on discocellulars and spot beyond ; some silvery spots on medial area above vein 1. Hind wing with the basal half chestnut, suffused with silvery scales ; the outer half ochreous, streaked with brown. Underside of fore wing with the costa, veins beyond the cell, and vein 1 speckled with black ; a black patch below end of cell ; two white submarginal spots below the apex. Hind wing with medial and marginal reddish bands. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 30 millim. 788. Rhodoneura cuprealis, n. sp. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown. Fore wing with the ground-colour pale, thickly irrorated with brilliant coppery scales and crossed by about six ill-defined brilliant coppery bands, the most conspicuous being a portion of a band across the end of the cell. Hind wing similar, with a prominent broad medial band. Underside with the costal area of fore wing and inner area of hind wing pale. Some specimens are much darker than others. Hob. Tenasserim Valley (Doherty). Exp., <$ 22-24, $ 28 millim. Type in coll. Druce. 362 789. Rhodoneura alternata, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 212; C. $• S. no. 4378. $ . Differs from vinosa in being paler. Fore wing with the lines and bauds ill-defined ; a darker patch beyond the cell, another on costa before apex, one submarginal, and one at outer angle. Hind wing with the lines ill-defined; the medial band prominent near inner margin; a darker patch at anal angle. Underside without the black streaks on the subcostals of fore wing. JTab. Sikhim. Evp. 36 millim. 790. Rhodoneura oligosticha, n. sp. (S . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale red-brown. Wings ochreous, slightly suffused with rufous and with sparse rufous stria3 : fore wing with the costa dark red-brown, and obscure darker patches on discocellulars and centre of outer margin. Underside similar. ffab. Sikhim (Moller). Evp. 28 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 791. Rhodoneura subcostalis, n. sp. c?. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown, irrorated with fuscous. Wings ochreous, closely striated with brown. Fore wing with an indistinct antemedial line expanding into a spot on median nervure ; a postmedial band expanding into a spot beyond the cell ; two curved lines near apex, terminating in a black sub- marginal spot. Hind wing with traces of a medial band and sub- marginal very irregular line. Underside of fore wing with the cell and veins beyond its upper angle streaked with black ; a rufous streak from upper angle of cell to apex. ffab. Simla. Evp. 32 millim. Type in coll. Moore. 792. Rhodoneura ferrofusa, n. sp. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen ferruginous. Fore wing ochreous, striated with ferruginous; the basal area ferruginous; a post- medial patch on the costa continued as a narrow band to inner margin ; outer area with reticulated lines, which are very variable, even on the two sides of the same specimen. Hind wing ochreous, striated and reticulated with ferruginous lines. Hob. Bombay. Exp. 52 millim. Type in coll. Moore. 793. Rhodoneura uniformis, n. sp. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen bright brick-red. Wings bright brick -red, with faint evenly-disposed dark striae, which are rather more prominent on underside. Tarsal joints ringed with white. ffab. Andamans. Evp. 34 millim. Type in B. M. 794. Rhodoneura micacealis, wik. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1275. ^ . Red-brown. Wings evenly striated with short dark lines ; BHODOKEUBA. 363 fore wing with a white spot at end of cell ; two anteraedial, and single medial, postmedial, and subapical curved black lines : hind wing with antemedial, medial, and postmedial lines. Underside with patches of bluish -silvery scales scattered over the whole of both wings. Hal. Ceylon ; Mysol. Exp. 22 millim. 795. Rhodoneura striativena, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 126, pi. 154, fig. 1. 3 . Ochreous white. Wings slightly striated with brown : hind wing with traces of a medial band. Underside of fore wing with transverse dark striae from the costa, and black streaks in the cell and on the nervules beyond the upper angle ; some ferruginous marks below the cell. Hob. Mlgiris, S. slopes, 3000 feet ; Burma. Exp. 24 millim. 796. Rhodoneura splendida, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) xx, 1887, p. 117. c? . Dull smoky white. Wings evenly striated with brown : fore wing with a dark longitudinal streak below the costa, which forks before the outer margin. Underside with some bluish-silvery specks in the cell of fore wing, and a speck on a dark patch beyond the cell. Hob. Andamans ; Solomons. Exp. 20 millim. B. Outer margin slightly excised below the apex in both wings. 797. Rhodoneura bracteata, n. sp. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale, suffused with red-brown. Wings whitish, slightly striated with red-brown. Fore wing with the basal area darker ; large postmedial triangular darker patches on costa and inner margin, with a line between them ; a curved submarginal line sending a spur to centre of outer margin ; some pale streaks on costa. Hind wing with indistinct subbasal and medial lines and some reticulated lines on marginal area. Under- side with a few metallic scales below the costa and in cell of fore wing. Hab. Andamans. Exp. 19 millim. Type in coll. Moore. 798. Rhodoneura rufareta, n. sp. cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale, suffused with reddish brown. Wings white, reticulated with red-brown. Fore wing with an antemedial line ; a medial line forking towards costa and inner margin ; a curved submarginal line sending an oblique spur to centre of outer margin. Hind wing with lines forming large reticulations on outer half of wing ; cilia rufous. Underside of fore wing with large chestnut subtriangular ante- and postmedial patches on the costa. Hab. Sikhim (Moller, Knyvett). Exp. 26 millim. Tjpe in coll. Elwes. 364 THYEIDID^. C. Fore wing with the outer margin oblique and crenulate from vein 5 to outer angle. 799. Rhodoneura hypoxantha, n. sp. 3 . Palpi with the first two joints fringed with yellow ; head, thorax, abdomen, and wings purplish black. Fore wing with in- distinct yellowish spots on basal half ; a large white patch reticu- lated with dark lines in and below the end of cell ; a subrnarginal white spot on vein 5. Hind wing with a subbasal white spot and another beyond end of cell. Underside with the basal hall: of fore wing and whole hind wing spotted with bright yelloxv. The specimen from Burma is larger, with the hyaline spots yellowish. Hab. Mussooree ; Sikhim; Burma. Evp. 28 millim. Type in coll. Moore. 800. Rhodoneura tristis, n. sp. <$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown. Wings red-brown, with evenly-disposed darker striae ; the basal area yellowish : fore wing with a very indistinct oblique medial line and four white specks on the costa towards apex : hind wing with indistinct ante- medial, medial, and postmedial oblique lines. Underside much more varied with yellow, the striae and lines more prominent ; a whitish spot at apex of fore wing. Hab. Sikhim (Moller). Exp. 31 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. SECT. III. Antennae serrated in female. 801. Rhodoneura munda, Wnrr. MS. $ . Differs from vinosa $ in being of a pale reddish white. "Fore wing with three medial lines, the inner and outer irregular, the middle line straight ; the postmedial line more erect and less curved ; the submarginal line represented by a line across the apex from the costa to outer margin. Hind wing with subbasal, medial, postmedial, and submarginal irregular lines. Underside with a white streak on the nervules beyond the upper angle of the cell of fore wing. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 30 millim. Type in B. M. Genus HYPOLAMPRUS, nov. Type, H. striatalis, Swinh. Range. China ; Himalayas ; India ; Ceylon ; Burma. Palpi slight, upturned, and reaching above vertex of head. Antennae minutely ciliated in male. Neuration as in Rhodoneura, except that veins 8 and 9 of the fore wing are stalked. HYPOLAMPRUS. 365 SECT. I. Oufcer margin of both wings evenly curved. 802. Hypolamprus striatalis, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 875 : C. $ S. no. 4385. Pharambara intimalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 213 : C. fy 8. no. 4381. Pale red-brown. Wings evenly striated with short lines ; traces of a medial band; fore wing with indistinct postmedial and submarginal lines. Underside of fore wing with five white specks on the costa; a tuft of silver scales on the retina- culum and others below the costa; Fig. ^46. a ^k gpot bey0nci t^ ceu Leers banded ^ith w&te_ Hob. Dharmsala ; Calcutta ; Poona; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 18 millim. 803. Hypolamprus obscuralis, n. sp. 3 . Pale chestnut ; wings indistinctly striated with darker lines. Fore wing with indistinct darker medial and postmedial bands, obsolete towards inner margin ; an oblique line from costa towards outer angle and irregular subapical and submarginal lines ; cilia with a dark line through them. Hind wing with indistinct subbasal, medial, postmedial, and subapical lines. Underside similar. Hob. Sikhim (Motter). Exp. 20 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 804. Hypolamprus lobulatus, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 214, pi. 7, tig. 12; C. $ S. no. 4384. 5 . Head, thorax, and abdoman brownish ochreous, suffused with silvery scales. Fore wing ochreous white ; some brown specks on inner margin ; two brown spots below the middle of cell ; a post- medial band narrowing to inner margin ; a subapical line arising from a spot on the costa and ending on outer margin at vein 3. Hind wing ochreous white ; a brown spot near base ; a medial nearly straight band ; traces of a curved submarginal line ; a marginal line. Underside with a ferruginous streak below the costa; the subcostal nervure and nervules streaked with black; silvery scales in and below the cell. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 26 millim. 805. Hypolamprus atrostriatus, n. sp. 3 . Ochreous. suffused with ferruginous red-brown ; wings sparsely striated with red-brown, some of the striae forming large reticulations on the outer area of both wings. Underside of fore wing with black and white streaks on the subcostal nervures in and beyond the cell. Sab. Naga Hills, 3000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 20 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 366 THYBIDIDjE. SECT. II. Hind wing with the outer margin excised towards anal angle. 806. Hypolamprus snbrosealis, Leech, Entom. 1889, p. 66, pi. ir, fig. 14. rf . Pale red-brown. "Wings evenly speckled with fuscous ; hind wing redder. Underside of fore wing with black streaks on the costa and in and beyond the cell ; series of brilliant opalescent globular scales in the cell and on the nervules beyond towards the apex ; a white spot with a black speck in the centre at apex. Hob. China ; Dharmsala ; Ceylon. Exp. 22 millim. 807. Hypolamprus angulalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 214; C. $ S. no. 4387. c? . Differs from subrosealis in the hind wing being more excised near anal angle ; the cilia white towards outer angle of fore wing and anal angle of hind wing. Underside of both wings suffused with silvery scales ; the discocellulars black ; no opales- cent scales in and beyond the cell of fore wing. Hob. Kangoon. Exp. 20 millim. SECT. III. Fore wing long ; hind wing with the apex acute, the outer margin straight. 808. Hypolamprus trifascialis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 014, pi. CO, tig. 9; C. $ S. no. 4468. d . Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing ferruginous ; the last with the costa, apex, and outer area pale. Hind wing with the basal two-thirds ferruginous, deeper in tone outwardly ; post- medial area whitish; outer area pale ferruginous. Underside brighter, with rich chestnut maculate bands across both wings ; the ground-colour of hind wing whitish. Hab. Burma ; Andamans. Exp. 30 millim. Genus CAMADENA. Camadena, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 214. Type, C. vespertilionis, Moore. Range. Sikhim. Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of, head ; antennae simple. Hind leg of male with the tibia extremely long and swollen, the terminal pair of spurs short ; a tuft of long hair from base, the tarsus very short ; normal in female. Fore wing very acute and produced at apex ; veins 8 and 9 stalked. Hind wing very acute and produced at apex. CAMADENA. — HEBDONIA. 367 809. Camadena vespertilionis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 214; C. $ S. no. 4388. Caustoloma acutipennis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 230 ; C. fy S. no. 3144. c? . Yellow ; the vertex of head, thorax, and abdomen suffused with red-brown. Wings yellow, slightly striated with red-brown. Fore wing with a red-brown band just beyond the middle, broad toward costa, narrow towards inner margin, with a silvery speck Fig. 247.— Camadena vespertilionis, £. |. on it at end of cell and extending along the costa to apex ; an indistinct series of submarginal double specks. Hind wing with a dark spot at end of cell, with a silvery speck on it, and an indis- tinct submarginal series of specks. £ . Suffused with brown; the wings much more thickly striated with brown ; the band on fore wing nearly obsolete ; the silvery spots and submarginal double specks much more prominent on both wings. Hob. Sikhim. Exp.t , pi. 21, figs. 7,7 a (larva). J . Uniform pale reddish brown ; a fuscous spot on pro- thorax ; metathorax and abdomen tipped with fuscous. Larva green; a pale blue dorsal line; the lateral paiml spinous processes on each somite yellow. Hab. Calcutta. Exp. 24 millim. SECT. III. Male with distal half of antenna? serrated. 843. Natada ocellata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 74 ; C. $ S. no. 1324. Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous brown ; some of the hairs on the vertex of thorax and abdomen black. Fore wing ochreous brown, irrorated with black, especially below the costa; a purplish- grey patch beyond the lower angle of cell with a deep red-brown mark beyond it ; a fine submarginal black line. Hind wing suffused with fuscous. Hab. Sikhim ; Khasis ; Nagas ; Burma. Exp., <$ 40, £ 60 millim. 844. Natada velutina, Koll HUgel's Kaschmir, iv, p. 473; C. $ S. no. 1274 ; Eutl. Ill Het. vi, pi. 102, fig. 1. Natada rugosa, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1109. NATADA. — TETEAPHLEPS. 383 Head, thorax, and abdomen dark red-brown. Fore wing dark silky red-brown : an oblique line, which is curved below the costa, from near the apex to inner margin near base, the scales on its inner side (especially below the costa and towards the inner margin) more erect, giving exactly the appearance of ruffled seal- skin; a curved submarginal line. Hind wing and underside paler. Fore tibia of male with a silvery-white spot. Hob. Himalayas ; Sind ; Poona ; Bengal ; Cachar ; Burma. Exp., <$ 60, $ 78 inillim. Genus TETRAPHLEPS, nov. Type, T. brevilinea, Wlk. Range. Sikhim; Nilgiris. Antennae of male bipectinated to tips. Palpi obliquely porrect, projecting beyond frontal tuft. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked together. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 on a short stalk. SECT. I. Antennae with the branches long ; fore wing with the apex rounded. 845. Tetraphleps brevilinea, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 475 ; C.$S. no. 1308. Head, thorax, and base of abdo- men dark brown, the remainder of abdomen pale ochreous brown. Fore wing dark red-brown ; the basal area and costa slightly darker. Hind wing pale ochreous brown. Fig 260 Underside pale red-brown. Tetraphleps brevilinca, rf. }. Hob. Sikhim. Exp., 3 36, $ 40 millim. SECT. II. Antenna with the branches shorter ; fore wing with the apex produced. 846. Tetraphleps crispa, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 409, pi. 43, fig. 4. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown, suffused with fiery red above. Fore wing dark red-brown ; a dark speck at end of ceil ; a purplish gloss forming an oblique line from apex to middle of inner margin ; another along outer margin. Hind wing and underside dull brown. Silvery-white spots at end of coxa, femur, and tibia of fore leg. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 38 millim. 847. Tetraphleps nilgirica, Hmpsn. III. Ilet. viii, p. 63, pi. 142, fig. 13. cJ . Differs from crispa in the head, thorax, and abdomen being chestnut-brown. Fore wing with the purplish oblique line rather 384 LIMACODID^. dark ; no marginal purplish shade ; a chestnut submarginal nearly straight line. Hab. Nilgiri plateau, 7000 feet. Exp. 38 millim. Genus BIRTHAMA. Birthama, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 175 (1862). Type. B. obliqua, Wlk., from Borneo. Range. Ceylon ; Burma ; Borneo. Antennae hi pectinated to two-thirds length in male, simple in female. Palpi reaching beyond frontal tuft. Hind tibia with a terminal pair of spurs in male, two pairs in female. Pore wing with vein 7 from angle of cell, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from angle of cell. 848. Birthama junctura, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 857. Head, thorax, and abdomen bright red-brown. Fore wing red- brown ; the b:isal area darkest, and bounded by an oblique dark Fig. 261.— Eirthaoiajunciura, £. {. medial line ; outer area with two indistinct waved postmedial Hues and two oblique lines across the apex. Hind wing paler. Hab. Burma ; Borneo. Exp., rf 36, $ 48 millim. 849. Birthama obliquifascia, Hmpm. Ill Het. ix, ined., pi. 160, fig. 4. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown. Fore wing pale reddish brown, irrorated with black scales ; a broad oblique black line from the costa before the apex to inner margin before the middle. Hind wing paler. Cilia of both wings red-brown. Hab. Ceylon. Rep. 34 millim. Genus CONTHEYLA. Contheyla, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 384 (1865). Type, C. vestita, "Wlk. Range. N.W. Himalayas and Peninsular India. Antennae bi pectinated to tip in male, ciliated in female. Palpi reaching beyond frontal tuft. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 on a long stalk. Hind tibia with a terminal pair of spurs in male, two pairs in female. CONTHEYLA. — MIEESA. 385 850. Contheyla vestita, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 385 ; C. $ S. no. 1279 ; Hmpsn. Ill Set. viii, pi. 143, fig. 10. c? . Head and thorax smoky black. Fore wing smoky black ; a pale speck at end of cell ; apical area grey, which colour is con- tinued to outer angle as a series of conjoined marginal spots ; a Fig. WZ.— Contheyla vestita, tf. {. large grey patch on inner margin near outer angle : base of cilia fulvous ; the tips chequered brown and ochreous. Abdomen, hind wing, and underside ochreous, suffused with fuscous. 2 . The head, thorax, and fore wing paler and browner. Hob. Nilgiri plateau, 6700 feet. Exp. 34 millim. 851. Contheyla propexa, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 409. tf . Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing very pale brown, irrorated with black scales. Fore wing with a black spot beyond the lower end of the cell ; an elongated medial black mark from the median nervure to vein 1 b ; a black oblique line from the apex to vein 5 ; a spot at outer angle. Hind wing dark fuscous. Hob. Satara ; Poona. Exp. 24 millim. 852. Contheyla melanosticta, n. sp. cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale reddish ochreous ; tegulso smoky black. Fore wing ochreous, with a broad irregular smoky- black stripe below the cell from base to outer angle ; a black spot beyond the cell ; a black subapical patch with waved outer edge ; a series of black marginal specks. Hind wing pale fuscous ; the cilia ochreous. $ . With the tegulas ochreous. Fore wing with the black markings much reduced, especially the streak from the base, of which there is only scattered traces. Hob. Jubbulpore ; Mandi, N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 27 millim. Type, cJ in coll. Moore, $ in coll. Elwes. Genus MIRESA. Miresa, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1123 (1855). Type, M. albipuncta, H.-S. Range. Japan; China; throughout India and Ceylon. VOL. i. 2 o V" 386 UMACODIDJE. Palpi not reaching beyond frontal tuft. AntennaB of male with the distal half serrated, mid and hind tibiae with terminal pairs of spurs. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 on a short stalk or from cell. SECT. I. Fore wing with vein 10 from end of cell. 853. Miresa albipuncta, Herr.-Schaffer, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. i, fig. 179 ; C. # S. no. 1305 ; Forsayeth, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, pi. 14, figs. 8 a-c (larva and pupa). Miresa guttifera, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1124; C. 8f S. no. 1312. Head yellow ; thorax fulvous yellow ; abdomen ochreous fulvous. Fore wing red-brown ; a silvery-white spot beyond the lower angle of cell ; a faint silvery postmedial line. Hind wing Fig. 263. — Miresa alUpuncta, ochreous. Underside ochreous; both xvin^s suffused with red- brown towards the costa. The Burmese form has the thorax and fore wing rather darker. Larva green ; two pairs of dorsal and two of lateral spinous tubercles at anterior and posterior ends, the dorsal pairs longest ; a lateral brown line, beneath \vhk-h the colour is pale, with a series of brown spots ; stigmata on a pale brown line. Hob. Throughout India and Ceylon. E.vp., 3 32-43, $ 46 millim. 854. Miresa inornata, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1125; C. $S. no. 1313. Differs from albipuncta in the fore wing being duller red-brown ; the white spot beyond the cell absent ; an indistinct submarginal curved line. Hind wing darker. Hab. Japan; China; N.W. Himalayas; Nagas. Exp., 3 36, 5 50 millirn. 855. Miresa argentifera, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1124 ; C. 8f S. no. 1306 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 129, figs. 1, 1 a (larva). Differs from albipuncta in the spot beyond the cell of the fore wing being absent ; a broken ill-defined postmedial silvery line, curved from the costa to vein 2, then straighter and more promi- MIBESA — PARASA. 387 iient to inner margin ; some silvery scales towards outer margin a series of silvery marginal spots. Larva green ; two pairs of dorsal and two of lateral spinous tubercles at anterior and posterior ends, the dorsal pair longest ; intervening series of minute subdorsal and sublateral spinous tubercles ; a pink stripe at base of the anterior and posterior tubercles ; a pale dorsal line ; spiracular rings pale. Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 36 millim. 856. Miresa bracteata, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) vi, p. 64 : id. HI Het. vi, pi. 102, fig. 2; C. $8. no. 1307. Differs from argentifera in the postmedial silvery line of the fore wing being bent inwards at vein 5 and expanding into a large triangular silvery spot beyond the lower angle of the cell ; the marginal silvery spots larger. Hob. Sikhim ; JNagas. Exp., $ 38, $ 41 millim. SECT. II. Fore wing with vein 10 stalked with 7, 8, 9. 857. Miresa decedens, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1125 ; C. # 8. no. 1311 ; Butl. III. Het. vi, pi. 102, fig. 3. Differs from argentifera in having the fore wing much darker brown instead of red-brown ; the hind wing also darker. Hob. Assam ; Nilgiris. Exp. 36 millim. 858. Miresa nivaha, Moore, Lep. E.L Co. p. 413; C. $ S. no. 1315. Differs from decedens in the head, thorax, and vertex of abdomen being dark red-brown instead of yellow. Hob. Canara. Exp. 38 millim. Genus PARAS A . Parasa, Moore, Lep. E. I, Co. p. 413 (1859). Nesera, Herr»-8chqffer, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. i, fig. 176 (1854), nom. praeocc. Type, P. lepida. Cram. Eange. N. America ; W. and S. Africa ; Madagascar ; Japan ; China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java. Palpi projecting beyond frontal tuft. Pore wing rounded at apex, veins 7, 8, 9 stalked ; the veinlet in cell forked or the lower discocellular absent, the fork of the veinlet replacing it. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 on a short stalk or from cell. Hind tibia with a terminal pair of spurs. 388 LIMACODIDJE. SECT. I. Antennae of male bipectinated, the distal half serrated. 859. Parasa lepida, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 130 E ; C. $ S. no. 1286 ; ?, 2a, ' Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 128, figs. 2, 2 a, b (larva and cocoon). Nesera media, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1140. Limacodes graciosa, Westiv. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 50. Nyssia latifescia, Wlk. Cat. v. p. 1136; C. 8f S. no. 1317. . Head green, red-brown at the sides ; thorax green, with a brown stripe on the vertex ; abdo- men brown. Pore wing pea-green ; a red-brown basal patch on the costa ; the outer area red-brown, widest at inner margin. Hind wing yellowish at base, red-brown towards outer margin. Legs with Fig. 264. — Parasa lepida, tf . \. the joints pale tipped. $ . The red-brown stripe on thorax wider, and nearly the whole of the hind wing red-brown. Larva pale green, whitish or bright yellowish green above ; three dorsal mauve or green bands ; subdorsal and sublateral series of short spinous tubercles, the spines of the anterior and posterior tubercles tipped with red. Eggs flat and overlapping each other, and covered by a trans- parent cement. Cocoon purple-brown. Hab. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Java. Exp. <$ , 30, 42-50 millim. 860. Parasa repanda, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1141; C.fyS. no. 1290; Dutl. III. Het. vi, pi. 102, tig. 5. $ . Differs from lepida in the basal brown patch of the fore wing being broader with an irregular lower edge ; the marginal brown area narrower and even throughout, with a silvery-white line on its inner edge. Hob. Sikhim ; Assam. Exp. 52 millim. 861. Parasa dharma, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 414, pi. xi a, fig. 7. Differs from repanda in the head being dark brown; tegulac with only a small green spot. Fore wing with the green area confined to the disk and crescentic in shape, extending from near the base to near the apex ; the marginal band suffused with silvery scales beyond the white line ; a fine dark submargina] line. Hind wing with the basal two-thirds yellow, the brown marginal area more sharply defined. Hab. Eangoon ; Java. JEap.9 J 26, £ 34 millim. PAEASA. 862. Parasa argentilinea, n. sp. <$ . Differs from repanda in the brown basal patch of the fore wing being absent ; an even brown band along inner margin ; the silvery line starting from the costa nearer the apex, straight, and ending above inner margin, not recurved. Hind wing pale ochreous. Hob. Sikhim ; Margharita, Assam (Doherty). Exp. 24 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 863. Parasa hilaris, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 60 ; C.%8. no. 1282. Parasa Iseta, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 50 ; C. $ S. no. 1284 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii. pi. 130, fig. 1. Parasa hockingii, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 403. Parasa mirza, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 192. Differs from lepida in the thorax being without the brown stripe. Pore wing with the red-brown patch covering the whole basal area, its outer edge angled ; the marginal band very variable in width, with an irregular inner edge. Hind wing with only a slight tinge of brown towards outer margin. Hal. Throughout India and Ceylon. Exp., <$ 26, $ 30-34 millim. 864. Parasa pastoralis, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) vi, p. 63 ; id. III. Het. vi. pi. 102, fig. 9 ; C.&S. no. 1288. Differs from hilaris in the basal patch of the fore wing being suffused with ochreous ; some red-brown suffusion beyond the patch ; the marginal band suffused with yellow except the veins, its inner edge more curved. P. consocia, "Wlk. = tessellata, Moore, from Japan and China, only differs in being without the brown suffusion and the marginal band being narrower at outer angle. Hob. Dharmsala; Sikhim; Bhutan; Nagas. Exp., rf 40, $ 56 millim. *865. Parasa punica, Herr.-Schaffer, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. i, fig. 177 : C. $ S. no. 1289. $ . Differs from hilaris in having the basal patch of fore wing with a dentate outer edge ; the marginal band very narrow with a dentate inner edge ; in the figure a curved pale postmedial line is represented. Hab. Sylhet. Exp. 40 millim. *866. Parasa similis, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 82, fig. 15 ; C. $ S. no. 1292. c? . Differs from hilaris in the basal brown patch of the fore wing being restricted to a spot below the median nervure; the marginal brown band widest at middle. Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 30 millim. 390 LIMACODIDjE. *867. Parasa Isabella, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 415 ;C.f8. no. 1283. c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing grass-green ; the last with a large buff-coloured patch from the costa to lower angle of cell, suffused with brown and edged with black ; a similarly-coloured marginal band expanding into large patches at apex and outer angle. Abdomen and hind wing ochreous brown. Larva green, with a purple dorsal stripe and paired anterior red- brown spinous processes. Hob. Bengal. Exp. 40 millim. 868. Parasa bicolor, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1142; C. $ S. no. 1281 ; Sutl. III. Het. vi, pi. 102, fig. 11. Head and thorax pea-green. Fore wing pea-green, the costa and cilia narrowly brown ; a small brown speck near inner margin be- tween veins 1 b and 1 c, and another between veins 4 and 5. These specks are sometimes edged inwardly with white and form a more or less complete series to the apex. Abdomen, hind wring, and underside ochreous fuscous. Hob. Sikhim ; throughout Continental India and Burma. Exp., c? 35, £ 38 millim. 869. Parasa viridis, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix,ined., pi. 160, fig. 9. 3 . Differs from bicolor in being without the brown specks and in having a brown patch on the margin above outer angle and on inner margin before the angle. Thorax edged with fuscous. Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 30 millim. 870. Parasa albipuncta, n. sp. c? . Differs from viridis in the marginal brown band having expanded into a large patch between veins 3 and o ; a white speck on the patch on inner margin. Hind wing ochreous. Hob. Mao, Manipur (Doherty). Exp. 26 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 871. Parasa herbifera, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1136; C.&8. no. 1316; Butl. III. Het. vi, pi. 102, fi*. 6. Parasa fumosa, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 408, pi. 43, fig. 12. Head and. thorax pea-green. Fore wing with the basal two- thirds dark purplish brown in the male, dark reddish brown in the female; the outer marginal area a different shade of brown. Abdomen and hind wing dark brown. Hal. Simla; Nepal; Nilgiris. Exp., <$ 30, $ 34 millim. PABASA. — IDONAUTON. 391 SECT. II. Male with antennae serrated throughout. 872. Parasa dentata, u. sp. Head and thorax pale brown ; abdomen darker. Fore wing with the basal area pale brown, bounded by an antemedial curved black line, beyond which is a purplish-grey band, then a large discal brown patch, on which is a semicircular dark-outlined mark, its outer edge highly dentate ; marginal area grey ; a marginal black line most prominent at apex ; cilia with two black lines. Hind wing fuscous, with marginal and cilial lines. Hob. Sikhim (Holler) ; Nagas (Doherty). Exp., rf 30, $ 44 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus SPATULIFIMBRIA. Spatulicraspeda, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined. Type, S. castaneiceps, Hmpsn. Range. Ceylon. AntennaB bipectinatecl to three-fourths length in male, ciliated in female. Palpi slight and short. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with vein 8 bent down and anastomosing with 7 near end of cell, 6 and 7 stalked. 873. Spatulifimbria castaneiceps, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, ined., pi. 161, figs. 16, 17. %^#^^ c? . Head and collar chestnut ; /^jjjj^jj i thorax and abdomen black-brown. ^E§S^/ J Fore wing black-brown ; a dark lfe>\ j^ band on discocellulars and another Ks£^ ^C from costa before apex to outer \\^x jp margin above outer angle. Hind Fig 265. wing black-brown ; cilia pale to- Spatulifimbria castaneiceps, $ . f. wards apex. $ . Thorax and fore wing chest- nut ; the submarginal band reaching the inner margin. Hind wing smoky black ; the cilia concolorous. Cocoon round and streaked with brown and white. Hob. Ceylon. Exp., <$ 17, $ 22 millim. Genus IDONAUTON. Idonauton, Sioinh. Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon., ined. Type, /. apicale, Wlk. Range. Sylhet ; Singapore ; Borneo. 392 LIMACODID^E. Antennae bipectinated to half the length in male, ciliated in female. Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head. Tibiae without spurs in male. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked together. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked. 874. Idonauton apicale, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1160 ; C. $ S. no. 1280. Nyssia rubriplaga, Wlk. Journ, Linn. Soc. vi, p. 144. Head, thorax, and abdomen chestnut. Fore wing chestnut, with an oval marginal chocolate patch bounded on the inside by a white semicircular line. Hind wing paler. Hob. Sylhet; Singapore; Borneo. Exp., 3 25, £ 36 millim. Fig. 266. Idonauton apicale, Genus CHALCOCELIS, nov. Type, C.fumifera, Swinh. Range. Burma; Singapore. <5 . Antennae with proximal half bipectinated. Palpi reaching vertex of head. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked. 875. Chalcocelis fumifera, Swinh. Tram. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 195, pi. vi, fig. 13. 3 • Head, thorax, abdomen, and wings dark smoky brown. Fore wing with a patch below the mid- die of the cell, the inner part of which is bright coppery red, the outer dark brown with a con- spicuous white dot in the middle of it. Hob. Eangoon; Singapore. Exp. 22 millim. Fig. 267. Chalcocelis fumifera, Genus TRIPLOPHLEPS, nov. Type, T. inferma, Swinh. Range. Burma. cJ. Antennae simple. Palpi reaching vertex of head. Hind tibia with one pair of spurs. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked. TRIPLOPHLEPS. — CERATONEMA. 393 876. Triplophleps inferma, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 194. c? . Head, thorax, abdomen, and wings greyish fuscous. Fore wing with a black antemedial curved line, not quite reaching either the costa or inner margin ; a postmedial black- ish curved line from the lower angle of cell to vein 1 b ; an obliquely- curved line from the costa before the apex to above outer angle. Hob. Eangoon. Exp. 22 millim. Fig. 268. Triplophleps inferma, G-enus ORTHOCRASPEDA, nov. Type, 0. trima, Moore. Range. Burma; Java. $ . Antennae simple. Palpi reaching vertex of head. Mid tarsi tufted with hair ; hind tibiae with one pair of spurs. Fore wing with veins 8 and 9 stalked ; the outer margin straight and erect. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked. 877. Orthocraspeda trima, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 416, pi. xi «, figs. 13, 13 a, pi. 21, fig. 9 (larva). $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown, Eore wing pale brown, with four oblique black-brown lines, one subbasal from subcostal nervure to inner margin, a similar medial line, one postmedial from subcostal to vein 2, and one submarginal from the costa before apex to outer angle ; a marginal dark line. Hind wing fuscous. Larva : the first four somites brown ; the posterior somites green, with a brown dorsal band expanding on the last somites, a yellow patch on each side of the narrow part ; paired lateral spinous tubercles to each somite. Hal. E. Pegu ; Java. Eocp. 20 millim. Fig. 269. Orthocraspeda trima, Genus CERATONEMA, nov. Type, G. retractatum, Wlk. Range. Sikhim ; Naga Hills. 3 . Antennae simple. Palpi reaching vertex of head. Hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing with veins 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from cell. 394 LIMACODID.E. SECT. I. Palpi with 3rd joint of moderate length. 878. Ceratonema albifhsum, n. sp. rf. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous. Fore wing ochreous, suiFused with whitish along inner and outer margins ; a broken medial band of dark scales, prominent at costa, lower angle of cell, and inner margin ; a submarginal series of dark specks. Hind wing whitish. Hob. Nagas, 6000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 23 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 879. Ceratonema retractatum, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 487 ; C. $ S. no. 1291. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous. Fore wing ochreous, the veins darker ; a dark oblique line from the costa before the middle to centre of inner margin ; a fine waved postmedial line from vein 6 to inner margin ; an oblique line from 270. costa before apex to outer margin at Ceratonema retractatum, rf . \. vein 3. Hind wing pale yellow ; an ochreous streak near anal angle. Nab. Sikhim. Exp. 24 millim. SECT. II. Palpi with 3rd joint minute. 880. Ceratonema fasciatum, n. sp. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish ; collar and extremity of abdomen fuscous. Fore wing silky white; an oblique dark band from costa just beyond middle to inner margin just before the middle ; a dark speck beyond it on the costa and another on vein 1 b ; two dark specks on outer margin below the apex. Hind wing yellowish white, with two dark specks on margin below the apex. Hab. Nagas, 6000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 28 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus ARJEOGYIA, nov. Type, A. spatulata, Hmpsn. Range. Sikhim. cJ . Antennae simple. Palpi upturned and long, reaching above vertex of head. Hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs ; legs naked. Fore wing with vein 7 from below angle of cell, 8 and 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from the cell. AB^EOGYIA. — CANIA. 395 881. Araeogyia spatulata, n. sp. tf. Head and thorax purplish black ; abdomen fuscous, darkest on middle segments. Fore wing black, irrorated with a few leaden scales ; a patch of leaden scales on the costa before apex, and on inner margin before outer angle. Hind Fig. 271. wing fuscous ; cilia with a few Araogyia spatulata, 3 . f . spatulate scales, and a conspicuous patch of them at anal angle. Hab. Sikhim (Elwes). Exp. 16 millirn. Type in coll. Elwes. 882. Araeogyia castanea, n. sp. cJ . Head pale ; thorax chestnut ; abdomen pale, the middle segments darker. Fore wing chestnut ; a large blackish patch beyond the cell from the costa to vein 3, darkest on the discocel- lulars, where there are a few white scales. Hind wing fuscous. Hob. Sikhim (Elwes). Exp. 18 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus CANIA. Cania, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1177 (1855). Type, C. bilinea, Wlk. Range. China ; throughout India and Burma ; Malacca ; Java. Antennae in male bipectinated to three-fourths length. Palpi slight and short. Fore wing with vein 11 curved and running along 12. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from the cell. Mid tibia with one pair of spurs, hind tibia with two pairs. SECT. I. Fore wing with vein 7 from angle of cell, 10 from before the angle. 883. Cania bilinea, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1142. Cania sericea, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1178 j C. 8f S. no. 1321 ; Butl. 111. Het. vi, pi. 102, fig\ 7. Miresa mollis, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 475; C.$ S. no. 1314. Nyssia malaccana, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 481. Aspidiotus bicarinatus, Wlk. Cat. Homopt. Suppl. p. 306 (1858). d1 . Head, thorax, and fore wing reddish ochreous,the head and collar rather darker. Fore wing with two oblique lines with pale outer edges from the costa before the apex to near centre of inner margin ; cilia ochreous or brownish. Abdomen F,g. a, a-ctaM. M»«, 274. retractile. Narosa conspersa, <$ . \. Cocoon oval ; whitish, with a cir- cular brown spot at one end. Hob. Nagas ; S. India ; Ceylon ; Borneo. Exp. 22 millim. 893. Narosa dcenia, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 416. Head, thorax, and abdomen pale and dark brown. Fore wing pale brown, irrorated with fuscous ; a diffused curved dark brown band from vein 2 near the outer margin curving up to and along the subcostal nervure, then down to inner margin before the middle; a marginal dark band, widest at apex ; some dark apical specks. Hind wing silky fuscous ; cilia paler. Hab. Ganjam ; Nagas ; Java. Exp. 20 millim. Genus BELIPPA. Belippa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 508 (1865). Cheromettia, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 133 (1883). Type, B. horrida, Wlk., from China. Range. China ; Ceylon ; Sikhim, Cachar, Manipur, and Burma ; Java. Antennae with the proximal one-third bipectinated in male, ciliated in female. Palpi reaching vertex of head. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from the cell. SECT. I. Hind wing with outer margin rounded in male. 894. Belippa laleana, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 417 ; C. $ S. no. 1285. Cheromettia ferruginea, Moore, A. M. N. If. (4) xx, p. 348 ; id. Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 132, figs. ],!«,& (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 1322. Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing fulvous, the last with a dark speck at end of cell; a ^^_~""Ns* .^^^§1 / sma^ black patch with a few ^B|^^j|jk gjfp/ / white scales on it at apex, where a the tips of the cilia also are I viliiv *^iL black. Hind wing paler and \§^x *r^ yellower, with small black mar- ' Tjpf ginal streaks at apex and anal Fig. 275.— Belippa laleana ,<$. \. angle- Larva naked, oval, and convex 400 LIMACODIDJE. above ; pale bluish green, with several longitudinal rows of small yellow spots and a subdorsal row of black dots. Cocoon round and whitish. Hob. Sikhim ; Ceylon ; Eangoon ; Bhamo. Rvp., rf 34, $ 42 millim. 895. Belippa thoracica, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 74, pi. 3, fig. 7 ; C. $ S. no. 1278. c? . Head and thorax white ; collar sometimes fringed with black ; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing black-brown or dark olive- brown, more or less irrorated with white scales ; a white spot at end of cell ; two white spots on inner margin, which are some- times obsolete; in the olive-brown specimens a blackish apical patch suffused with white is prominent and a pale line runs from its inner edge on the costa towards outer angle. Hind wing fuscous ; the cilia blackish at apex. Hob. Sikhim, 7000 feet. Exp. 32 millim. SECT. II. Male with outer margin of hind wing straight. 896. Belippa apicata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 75 ; C. $ S. no. 1323. cJ. Head and thorax chestnut; abdomen dark brown. Fore wing red-brown ; the basal area rather darker and bounded by ;i slightly waved medial line ; a dark spot at end of cell ; an indis- tinct waved postmedial line from costa to outer angle ; a black apical patch suffused with grey. Hind wing black-brown ; the cilia ochreous. Hob. Sikhim ; Manipur. Eccp. 30 millim. 897. Belippa lohor, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 430, pi. xiii a, fig. 3. rf . Differs from apicata in the fore wing being rather narrower and having the area beyond the cell suffused with fuscous. Hind wing with a large triangular hyaline patch from the lower angle of cell to outer margin from below apex to vein 2. Hab. Cachar ; Java. Exp. 28 millim. Genus NAGODA. Nagoda, Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii, p. 542(1887). Type, N. nigricans, Moore. Range. Ceylon. Antennse "with the proximal one-third bipectinated in male, ciliated in female. Palpi short and porrect. Pore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with vein 8 sending a spur to the costa ; veins 6 and 7 from the cell. Hind tibia without spurs in male, with a terminal pair in female. End of abdomen and hind tarsi tufted with hair in male. NAGODA. — MAHANTA . 401 Fig. 276. Nagoda nigricans. 898. Nagoda nigricans, Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii, p. 542, pi. 211, fig. 10 ( <$ ) ; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, pi. 161, fig. 1 ( ? ). c? . Head pale; thorax and abdomen clothed with red-brown' dark brown, black, and grey scales. Fore wing hyaline ; the base| inner margin, and apex broadly black ' the costa, veins, and outer margin narrowly so. Hind wing hyaline ; the costa and inner margin broadly black, the veins and outer margin narrowly black. $ yellowish white. Fore wing with three bright ferruginous spots in cell, two below it, the outer one large ; two small dark spots below the cell, and two below vein 1 ; a maculate dark band from veins 5 to 2 ; two dark maculate curved bands from the costa before apex to outer margin above outer angle. Larva greenish blue, with dorsal and lateral darker stripes and series of lunular markings seen through the thick cuticle. Cocoon rounded and greyish white. Hob. Ceylon. Exp., $ 30, $ 38 millim. Genus MAHANTA. Mahanta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 78 (1879). Type, M. quadrilinea, Moore. Range. Sikhim. tf. Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head. Antennae with the branches very short. Hind tibia with a minute terminal pair of spurs. Pore wing elongate, the apex produced, the outer margin excised ; veins 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked together, 11 not curved. Hind wing subquadrate ; the upper part of cell short ; veins 6 and 7 on a long stalk ; 8 almost touching 7 near the end of the cell ; the veinlet in cell running obliquely to the median nervure. 899. Mahanta quadrilinea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 78, pi. 3, fig. 20 ; C.&S. no. 1478. Fig. 277. — Mahanta quadrilinea , J. {-. c? . Head grey ; palpi fulvous ; collar and tegulae fulvous, the 402 LASIOCAMPID.E. latber with a white bar across each ; thorax grey, abdomen ochreous. Fore wing ochreo us ; an oblique medial dark line; a similar line from the apex to inner margin beyond the middle ; inner area suffused with grey, which is diffused along the lines towards the costa and along outer margin towards apex; cilia fuscous. Hind wing uniform ochreous. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 52 millim. Species formerly recorded as Indian whicfi are omitted. Aphendala conspersa, Butl. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 673 = Miresa quadri- notata, Moore, C. & S. no. 1315 A, is an Acontid. Limacodes yrisea, Hinpsn. 111. Het. viii, p. 63, is an Acontid. Pronecafola, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 194, pi. vi, fii;. 8, is a Hypogrammid. RaUla frontalis, Wlk., C. & S. no. 1300, is a Leucanid. Natada basalts, Wlk., C. & S. no. 1272. Type lost ; description unrecognizable. Family LASIOCAMPID^E. A family of moths mostly of large size. Palpi porrect and generally large ; proboscis absent ; eyes small ; antennae bipectinate in both sexes ; legs generally with minute terminal pairs of spurs to mid and hind tibia3 and rather hairy. Fore wing with vein 1 a not forked with 6 ; 1 c rarely present ; the cell medial in position ; veins 6 and 7 from the angle ; veins 9 and 10 always stalked and from before the angle. Hind wing with two internal veins ; 6 and 7 arising very near the base ; 8 curved and almost touching 7 or connected with it by a bar, thus forming a precostal cell ; accessory costal veinlets generally present. Frenulum absent. Larva with lateral downwardly-directed tufts of hair, and often subdorsal tufts or dorsal humps on anterior somites thickly clothed with hair. Cocoon closely woven of silk and hair. Fig. 278.— Larva of Suana concolor. Key to the Genera. A. Hind wing with vein 8 running close along 7 ; no bar between them ; few, or no, accessory costal veinlets. a'» The cell of both wings closed. LASIOCAMPLDJE. 403 2. Fore wing long and narrow, the apex produced. a3. Fore wing with veins 8, 9, 10 stalked 1. BHIMA; p. 404. b3. Fore wing with vein 8 not stalked with 9 and 10. a4. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked 2. TABAGAMA, p. 404. b*. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 from angle of cell 3. SUANA, p. 406. b2. Fore wing broader. a3. Hind wing with the costa excised. . 4. LEBEDA, p. 407. b3. Bind wing with the costa highly arched near the base 10. CLISIOCAMPA, p. 417. c3. Hind wing with the costa not excised and evenly rounded. a4. Fore wing with veins 6 and 7 from the cell. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 from the cell. a5. Palpi long 6. ABGUDA, p. 412. b5. Palpi short 13. TBICHIUBA, p. 420. 64. Fore wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked or from the cell. a5. Fore wing with the outer margin evenly rounded. [p. 408. a6. Palpi long 5. METANASTBIA, be. Palpi short 9. CHILENA, p. 416. b5. Fore wing with the outer mar- gin angulate and excised .... 8. BHABETTA, p. 415. c4. Fore wing with veins 6, 7, 8 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 stalked 7. SYBASTBENA, p. 414. d*. Fore wing with veins 7 and 8 stalked. a5. Fore wing with vein 6 from the cell 12. KOSALA, p. 418. b5. Fore wing with vein 6 stalked with 7 and 8 11. ALOMPBA, p. 417. . Hind wing with the cell open 14. CBINOCBASPEDA, [p. 420. ). 421. c'. Both wings with the cell open 15. TBABALA, p. B. Hind wing with vein 8 remote from 7 ; a bar connecting them and forming a large precostal cell with numerous accessory costal veinlets. a'. Fore wing with the stalk of veins 9 and 10 short. a2. Fore wing short, the apex rounded . . 16. LENODOBA, p. 422. 62. Fore wing longer, the apex produced. 18. ODONESTIS, p. 425. b'. Fore wing with the stalk of veins 9 and 10 long. a2. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 from [p. 428. the cell 19. GASTBOPACHA, b2. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 [p. 429. stalked 20. STENOPHYLLOIDES, c*. Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 stalked. 17. ESTIGENA, p. 424. 2D2 404 LASIOCAMPID.E. Genus BHIMA. Bhima, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 403. ..^ , J^ ,XW3< Type, B. undulosa, Wlk. Range. Himalayas ; Khasis ; Manipur. Palpi slight and porrect. Antennae with the branches becoming abruptly short at middle in male. Legs without spurs. Fore wing long and narrow ; veins 6 and 7 from angle of cell ; 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked ; 8 almost touching 7 ; slight accessory costal veinlets. 900. Bhima undulosa, Wlk. Cat. vi, p. 1477 ; C. $ S. no. 1509. c? . Frons ochreous white ; antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen very dark red-brown. Both wings very dark red-brown, irrorated with ochreous scales ; fore wing with two pale waved indistinct Fig. 279. — BJUmmmdtUaa, antemedial lines ; a white spot at end of cell ; two oblique waved postmedial lines ; a highly-dentate submarginal line ; outer area pale ; hind wing with the submarginal dentate line indistinct. $ with the frons red-brown ; the abdomen with a very large pale terminal tuft ; the wings more suffused with ochreous. The Kangra female is much suffused with grey ; the abdominal tuft is white ; the markings of wings whitish ; the hind wing crossed by two waved lines just beyond the middle. Cocoon formed of brownish hairs. Hab. Kangra ; Nepal ; Khasis ; Manipur. Evp., 3 52, $> 82- 92 millim. Genus TARAGAMA. Taragama, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 427 (1859). Type, T. siva, Lef. Range. Spain ; Bagdad ; throughout India and Ceylon ; Philip- pines ; Borneo ; Java. Palpi broad and obliquely porrect. Antennae with the branches becoming abruptly short at middle in male ; short throughout in female. Legs without spurs. Fore wing long and narrow ; veins 6, 7, 8 stalked; the stalk of 9 and 10 long. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked ; 8 almost touching 7 ; slight accessory costal veinlets. TA.RAGAMA. 405 901. Taragama dorsalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1947. Taragama castanoptera, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1888, p. 404 ; C. fy S. no. 1499 B. Taragama igniflua, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 147, pi. 142, figs. 2,2 a; C. $ S. no. 1502. Taragama hyperantherae, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 18 ; C. $ S. no. 1501. Taragama intensa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 18; C. $ S. no. 1503. . 1, 1 a, 1> (l,n \ a ). Suana ampla, Wlk. Cat. vi, p. 1502; C. f 5. no. 1 :><)">. Suana cervina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 410; C. Sf S. no. 1507. d • Head, thorax, and abdomen dark red-brown. Fore wing Fig. 281.— Suana concol&r, <* . \. dark red-brown, the costa greyish ; a more or less distinct yellowish SUANA. — LEBEDA. 407 subbasal spot ; a silvery-white spot at end of cell ; two anteinedial. a medial, and two postmedial dark waved lines ; a submarginal lunulate line, with yellow marks more or less prominent in the undulations. Hind wing darker red-brown. Some specimens lose the wiiite spot and others are very dark. $ . Much paler ; the markings similar ; fore wing with a small grey patch at base. The form ampla = concolor has lost the white spot at end of cell of fore wing which is present in limaculata ; all the intergrades are represented. Larva pale brown covered with numerous black striae ; 2nd and 3rd somites with raised dorsal humps covered with close black or dark brown hair ; some specimens (or a younger stage ?) have small white-haired dorsal papillae on 4th to 10th somites, each with a pair of red-brown papillae in front and a pair of crimson papillae on each side ; llth somite with a black dorsal tuft ; lateral brown tufts on each somite ; head longitudinally banded with black. ffab. Throughout India and Ceylon; Philippines ; Java. Exp., <$ 52-64, $ 106-146 milliin. Genus LEBEDA. Lebeda, Wlk. Cat. vi, p. 1453 (1855). Type, L. nobilis, Wlk. Range. The Himalayas ; Assam Hills ; Sylhet. Palpi long and broad. Antennae with the branches gradually decreasing to apex in male, short throughout in female ; mid and hind tibiae with a minute terminal pair of spurs. Fore wing broad, the apex rounded ; veins 6 and 7 stalked ; the stalk of veins 9 and 10 short. Hind wing with the costa deeply excised ; veins 4 and 5 from end of cell ; 8 nearly touching 7 ; slight accessory costal veinlets. 904. Lebeda nobilis, Wlk. Cat. vi, p. 1456 ; C. fy S. no. 1465 ; Eutl. III. Hei. v, pi. 100, figs. 5, 6. c? . Head and thorax pale red-brown ; palpi black at sides and below ; abdomen redder brown. Fore wring pale brown : two oblique antemedial pale lines, which nearly meet on the inner margin ; a white spot at end of cell ; two postmedial pale curved lines ; a dark streak from the middle of cell to outer area, where it expands into a large marginal patch ; a very indistinct lunulate submarginal line with two dark spots on it near the outer angle. Hind wing red-brown, with two pale curved postmedial lines. Underside : the basal area of both wings red-brown ; the outer area pale, with two postmedial lines. $ . More uniform red-brown varying to grey-brown ; fore wing with the postmedial lines straighter and without the dark streak. 408 LASIOCAMPID^E. The distance between the lines on the inner margin of the fore wing varies much. Fig. 282,—Lebeda nobilis, <$ . \. Hob. N.W. and E. Himalayas ; Sylhet ; Nagas. 120, $ 138-148 milhm. Genus METANASTRIA. Exp., <$ 96- Verz. p. 186 (1818). Eutricha, Hubn. Verz. p. 188 (1818). (Eona, Wlk. Cat. vi, p. 1417 (1855). • Chatra, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 80 (1879). Type, M. hyrtaca, Cram. Range. Europe; Japan; China; S. Africa; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java ; Borneo. Palpi long and broad. Antennae with the branches gradually decreasing to apex in male, short throughout in female. Mid and hind tibiae with minute terminal pairs of spurs. Fore wing broad ; vein 1 c present ; 6 and 7, or 6, 7, 8, stalked ; the stalk of veins 9 and 10 long. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked or from cell ; 8 almost touching 7 ; slight accessory costal veinlets. SECT. I. Fore wing with vein 8 from the angle of cell in both sexes. A. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked. S. 905. Metanastria aconyta, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 131 A ; C. no. 1457. Lebeda opponens, Wlk. Cat. vi, p. 1462 ; C. $ S. no. 1466. Bombyx quadricincta, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii, p. 111. Lasiocampa trifascia, Wlk. Cat. vi, p. 1439. Lasiocampa substrigosa, Wlk. Cat. vi, p. 1441. Lasiocampa subparallela, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 562 ; C. $ S. no. 1490. . d . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous red-brown. Fore wing ochreous red-brown, darkest at base and outer area ; 1 \\ o antemedial waved lines; three waved postmedial lines, the two outer ones approaching each other at inner margin. Hind wing uniform ochreous red-brown. Hab. Japan ; Sylhet. Exp. 85 millim. SECT. II. Fore wing with vein 8 stalked with 6 and 7 in the male. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked. 12. Metanastria hyrtaca, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, pi. 249 F. Lebeda lusca, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii, p. 112 ; C. fy S. no. 1463. Bombyx buddha, Lef. Zool. Journ. iii, p. 209; C. $ S. no. 1458 ; Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. pi. 12 a, figs. 2, 2 a ; Forsayeth, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, pi. xv, figs. 3, 3 a, b (larva). Bombyx brahma, Lef. Zool Journ. iii, p. 208. Lebeda plagiata, Wlk. Cat. vi, p. 1464. Lasiocampa bhira, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 410, pi. 34, fig. 2 ; C. £ S. no. 1488. c? . Pale or dark red-brown ; palpi black below. Fore wing wilh two antemedial pale lines and two postmedial angulated lines, with an almost black patch between the upper part of the ante- and post- METANASTBIA. 411 medial lines crossed by the pale veins and with a white lunule on it ; a lunulate submarginal line. Underside of hind wing with two pale lines. $ . Fore wing with the two antemedial and two postmedial lines much more distinct and without the dark patch and white lunule ; the submarginal lunulate line very indistinct. Hind wing with an indistinct pale line. Fig. 283. — Metanastria hyrtaca, Larva dark grey ; a narrow crimson dorsal line across second somite behind a tuft of short dense hair ; lateral tufts of whitish- brown hair ; 3rd to 10th somites with dorsal oval brown velvety patches, each with four blue papillae armed with long hairs. Hob. E. Himalayas ; Assam ; Bombay ; Mhow ; Ganjain ; Madras ; Ceylon. Exp., <$ 48, $ 74 millim. 913. Metanastria repanda, Wlk. Cat. vi, p. 1460; a $ S. no. 1470; Butl III. Het. vi, pi. 101, figs. 1, 2. ^ . Differs from liyrtaca in being darker brown ; the black patch of fore wing narrower, with the white lunule on its inner edge ; the submarginal lunulate line more distinct. $ . Pore wing with the antemedial lines more erect ; the inner postmedial line more angled below the costa ; a series of dark spots on the lunulate line. This may be a variety of hyrtaca. Hob. Nepal ; Assam ; Bassein. Exp., i>. $ . Bright yellow. Fore wing irrorated with black scales on inner and outer areas ; an indistinct dark antemedial dentate line. Hind wing with the inner part of the disk thickly suffused with fuscous scales ; the outer area with blackish. Both wings with an irregular submarginal series of grey spots irrorated with black scales ; the cilia yellow. Underside of hind wing with a waved medial line. Hob. Tavoy ; Mergui ; Borneo ; Java. Exp. 76 millim. Genus LENODORA. Lenodora, Moore, Lep. Ceyl ii, p. 144 (1883). Type, L. vittata, Wlk. Range. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. LENODOEA. 423 Palpi rather short and thickly clothed with hair. Antennae with the branches long in male, short in female. Legs thickly clothed with hair ; minute terminal pairs of spurs to mid and hind tibiae. Fore wing broad and rounded; veins 6 and 7 stalked; the stalk of veins 8 and 9 rather short. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 from angle of cell ; 8 curved and met by a bar from 7 ; the accessory costal veinlets numerous and prominent. 938. Lenodora vittata, Wlk. Cat. vi, p. 1440; C. $ S. no. 1444. Miresa subcostalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 476; C. $ S. no. 1443; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 137, figs. 3, 3 a, b (larva). c?. Bright red-brown; fore wing with a white streak below the costa from the base to near outer margin below the apex. $ . Pale ochreous brown, with only a slight red tinge. Some Ceylon specimens are much duller in colour than typical males. Fig. 294.— Lenodora vittata, $ . \. Larva. Purplish black above, pale brown below ; a sublateral series of black streaks and dots ; anterior somites dorsally divided by pale bands ; subdorsal tufts of white hair on 5th to llth somites. Hob. Almorah ; throughout S. India and Ceylon. Exp., 3 43- 48, $ 50-54 millim. 939. Lenodora signata, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 374; C. $ S. no. 1442. Lenodora fasciata, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 374 ; C. 8f S. no. 1440 ; Hmpsn. 111. Het. viii, pi. 142, fig. 6. Lenodora fusca, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 374 ; C. $ S. no. 1441. c? . Bright red-brown ; fore wing with an indistinct darker postmedial curved band. $ . Umber-brown ; fore wing with a pale indistinct postmedial band. The form signata has a pale spot at end of cell of fore wing ; 424 LASIOCAMPID^. only the female is known, and it may be a distinct species from. fusca =fasciata. Habl Dehra Dun ; Bombay ; Nilgiri Plateau. Exp., J 54, 56 millim. 940. Lenodora semihyalina, Swinh. Tram. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 196, pi. vi, figs. 10, 16. cJ . Reddish brown with a yellow tinge ; fore wing with an indistinct ochreous band from the outer margin below the apex to inner margin before middle ; hind wing with a large pale subapical patch. $ . Ochreous grey, with faint traces of the oblique band of the fore wing. Hob. Nagas ; Rangoon ; E. Pegu ; Bassein. Evp*, d 40, £ 48 millim. Genus ESTIGENA. Estigena, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 426 (1859). Type, E. pardalis, Wlk. Range. Arabia ; throughout India and Ceylon ; Burma ; Java. Palpi very long and slender, varying somewhat in length. Antannae with the branches short. Legs with the spurs very minute. Fore wing long and narrow, the outer margin very obliquely rounded ; veins 6, 7, 8 stalked; the stalk of veins 9 and 10 long. Hind wing produced and oval in shape ; veins 3, 4, 5 stalked ; 8 curved and met by a bar from 7 ; the accessory costal veinlets numerous and prominent. 941. Estigena pardalis, Wlk. Cat. vi. ].. 11.',:; ; a $ S. no. 1499 A. Estigena nandina, Moore, 7>/>. E. I. Co. p. 427; id. Lep. Q'i/(. ii, pi. 142, figs. 1, 1 a ; C. 8f S. no. 1499. <5 . Palpi blackish ; head and thorax red -brown, with a dark stripe on the vertex ; abdomen paler. Fore wing red-brown, or Fig. 295.— Estigena pardalis, pale ochreous-brown, suffused with fuscous and crossed by four indistinct waved dark lines; a black speck at end of cell. Hind ESTIGENA. — ODONESTIS. 425 wing ochreous or red-brown ; t absent 22. PORTHESIA, p. 484. 65. Hind wing with vein 5 present. a6. Fore wing with vein 10 given oft'near the apex . . 21. EITROCTIS, p. 470. b6. Fore wing with vein 10 given off nearer the cell than, or from the same point as, 7 L'7. ( 'ISI-IA. p. ll'i'. 64. Palpi long 1C. LMAUS, p. 4r,«i. b3. Hind tibiae with one pair of spurs 23. PERINA, p. 486. b'. Fore wing with veins 8,9, 10 stalked, 7 from cell. a2. Hind wing with vein o from near lower angle <>f evil: palpi \> TV long *. 20. I'A< i VI.OI;IIVN. 1-. Hind wing with vein ."> from near [p. 470. upper angle of cell; fore win- with veins :; and -1 coincident ; palpi minute 18. (JA/.AI.IXA. p. •!»''-. c. Fore wing with vein 10 from the cell or rarely stalked with 11. a2. Palpi jmrrect. a3. Palpilong; hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs 17. HIMALA, p. 4'iT. V*. Palpi short : hind tibia) with one pair of spurs. r/1. Hind wing with veinlets be- tween vein la and inner margin 2. J{ATAHDA, p. I!'-'!. Genus VARMINA. Varmina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 40o. Type, V. indica, AVlk. Hdiir/e. jS'.W. Himalayas. Palpi short, slender, and porrect ; antenna) of male with short branches, dilated distally ; legs hairy and without spurs. Head small and hairy ; abdomen of female with a large anal tuft. Fore wing with vein 9 arising from 10 and anastomosing with 8 to form a long areole. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from angle of cell ; o from above the angle ; 6 and 7 from upper angle. VARMINA. — LACHAXA. 435 958. Varmina indica, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1039 ; C. 8f S. no. 1177 c? . Head and thorax black, clothed with grey and brown hair ; abdomen black. Fore wing blackish, thickly sprinkled with orange spots ; black spots on a grey ground at middle and end of cell ; an irregular marginal grey area with a subinarginal series of black spots. Hind wing black. $ . Head clothed with white hair ; collar and abdominal tuft ochreous white; the wings paler. Fig. 301. — : Varmina indica, tf . ^- Larva black, speckled with white and with dorsal and lateral tufts of hair arising from fulvous tubercles ; the thoracic and anal somites with reddish tufts, the medial with grey ; 4th and llth somites with long dorsal black tufts. Hob. N.W. Himalayas. Exp., 3 32, $ 42 millim. Genus LACHANA. Lachana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 397. Type, L, ladacensis, Moore. Range. Kashmir ; Ladak. Palpi short, hairy, porrect and hidden by the long hair from the frons ; antennae with the branches short ; thorax and abdomen hairy; mid and hind tibiae with minute terminal pairs of spurs. Fore wing with vein 9 arising from 10 and anastomosing with 8 to form a short areole. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 from above angle of cell ; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 959. Lachana ladacensis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 398 ; Eutl. Ill Het. vii, pi. 121, fig. 6 ; C. Sf S. no. 1071 A. Fig. 302. — Lachana ladacensis, Q. \. (S . Head clothed with grey hair ; thorax and abdomen with brown and black hair. Fore wing pale brown irrorafed with dark 436 LYMANTJUIID^E. scales ; an indistinct antemedial line and postmedial band excurved beyond end of cell ; an ill-defined marginal fuscous band. Hind wing fuscous brown ; tbe marginal area black-brown ; cilia greyish. Hob. Kashmir ; Ladak. Kvp. 28 millim. Genus ORGYIA. Orgria, Ochs. Schmett. Ear. iii, p. 208 (1810). Notoloplms, Get-mar, Prod, ii, p. 35 (1812). Gynrephora, Hiibn. Verz. p. 161 (1818). Type, 0. antiqua, Linn., from Europe. Range. Universally distributed, except the Neotropical region. c? . Flight diurnal. Palpi short, porrect, and heavily fringed with hair ; antennae with the branches long and with long spines at extremities; legs heavily fringed with hair; abdomen with a dorsal tuft on 2nd segment. Fore wing with vein 9 arising from 10 and anastomosing with 8 to form an areole. Hind wing \vilh veins 3 and 4 from angle of cell ; 5 from just above angle ; 6 and 7 stalked. $ with the palpi and legs less hairy; antennae serrate ; wings aborted, scale-like, and covered with hair ; abdomen covered with hair and immensely dilated when full of eggs. 960. Orgyia postica, l\'lk. Cut. \\. j>. « >.-; ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 100, figs. 1, 1 a, b (larva) ;* C. $ S no. 875. Orgyia ceylanica, Nietn. Ed. New Phil. Jour, xv, 18., J 42, $ 50 millim. 965. Aroa plana, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 786: Moore, Lep. Cvyl ii, pi. 110, figs. 1, la; C. $ S. no. 882. Chaniidas junctifera, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 384. Charnidas ochracea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 44 ; C. Sf S. no. 881 . cJ . Differs from major in its small size, usually bright ochreous ground-colour, and better marked postmedial band to fore wing. The colour may be either ochreous or reddish irrorated with dark scales or almost wholly fuscous. Fig. 304.— Aroa plana, <$ . \. $ . As in major, but with a prominent or obsolescent postmedial band to fore wing ; the amount of fuscous irroration varies much and the cell-spot may be prominent or obsolescent on both \vin«;s. Hab. Kangra; Calcutta; Nilgiris ; Ceylou. Exp., 3 28-34, $ 36-42 millim. 966. Aroa subnotata, ink. Cat. iv, p. 803 ; C. 8? S. no. 884. c? . Dark red-brown. Fore wing with the lines indistinct ; tin- cell-spot on a small orange patch. Hind wing darker, with an orange discal fascia from the origin of vein 2 widening towards outer margin. Underside with the basal and inner areas of both wings suffused with orange. Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 26 millim. 967. Aroa sienna, Hmpsn. III. Ilet. viii, p. 55, pi. 140, figs. 2, 9. cJ. Differs from subnotata in having the hind wing uniform dark red-brown without any orange fascia. Underside without orange suffusion. £ . Differs from plana in having a reddish tinge. Hab. Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Krp., rf 30, $ 36 millim. 968. Aroa simplex, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 325; Hmpsn. III. Ilet. viii, pi. 143, fig. 17 ; C. $ S. no. 876. <3 . Head, thorax, and abdomen brown. Fore wing yellowish AKOA. 439 brown, with a postmedial line excurved at middle and with its inner edge pale. Hind wing orange, with a more or less pro- nounced brown margin. Hob. JSilgiris. Exp. 30 millim. 969. Aroa cinnamomea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 44 ; C. # S. no. 879. Oharnidas aurantiaca, Warr. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 296 ; ft $ S. no. 878 A. c? . Differs from simplex in being rather paler. Fore wing with the discocelluiars slightly darkened ; no postmedial line ; the cilia ochreous. Hiud wing orange suffused with brown. Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Attock, Punjab. Exp. 34 millim. 970. Aroa SOCrilS, Geyer, Hiibn. Zutr. v, p. 12, figs. 837, 838 ; C. $ S. no. 869. Aroa substrigosa, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 794 ; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 90, fig. 5. ^ . Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous orange, the branches of antennae blackish. Fore wing fulvous orange ; the costal area and interspaces, especially towards outer margin, slightly streaked with fuscous. Hind wing brighter orange ; cilia of both wings fuscous. Hob. China ; Assam ; Khasi, Naga, and Karen Hills ; Java. Exp. 32-38 millim. 971. Aroa pyrrhochroma, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 329; C. $ S. no. 1033. Aroa clara, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 299, pi. 20, figs. 9, 10; C. 8f S. no. 1032. Baziza detecta, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 399 ; C. $ S. no. 1071. cJ . Differs from socrus in the fore wing being slightly suffused with fuscous instead of streaked. Hind wing orange, with a broad marginal black b.order. £ . Uniform greyish pink with an ochreous tinge. The Bombay form clara is small, the female uniform pale orange. Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Khasis ; Nagas ; Bombay. Exp., <3 26-34, $ 34-44 millim. 972. Aroa sagrara, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 299, pi. 20, fig. 13; C. $ S. no. 1034. c? . Uniform orange-brown ; the cilia and underside brighter orange. Hab. Belgaum. Exp. 32 millim. 973. Aroa atrella, n. ep. c? . Head and legs fulvous ; thorax, abdomen, and wings black- brown. Fore wing with a black spot at end of cell and very 440 LYMANTRIID.E. indistinct ante- and postmedial curved pale lines, which somewhat approach each other below the median nervure. Hob. Sikhim (Moller) ; Margharita (Doherty). E.rp. 20 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 974. Aroa aurantifascia, n. sp. d1 . Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown. Fore wing brown suffused with dark green ; traces of subbasal and antemedial lines ; an indistinct waved postmedial and two submarginal lines. Hind wing black ; a bright orange fascia from the base through the cell to near outer margin, interrupted by a broad black band on disco- cellulars ; two orange fasciae irrorated with black scales on inner area ; cilia orange. Underside orange, the margins broadly black ; a black band on discocellulars and fasciae on median nervure of both wings, in hind wing continued to the marginal band. Hob. Naga Hills, 6000 ft. (Doherty). Ea-p. 44 milliin. Type in coll Elwes. 975. Aroa xerampelina, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 299, pi. 21, figs. 8, 9; C. $ S. no. 870. d" . Yellowish or greyish brown ; fore wing with an indistinct dark spot at end of cell, and broad irregular marginal band ; hind wing slightly darker towards outer margin. 2 with a greyer tone. Hob. Poona ; Nilgiris. Exp. 32 millim. Genus LJELIA. Lselia, Steph. Syst. Cat. Brit. Ins. ii, p. 52 (1829). Procodeca, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 812 (1856). Ricine, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 824 (1855). Charnidas, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 797 (1855). Repena, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 799 (1855). Laelioides, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 83 (1883). Hondella, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. ]44 (1883). Harapa, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 47 (1879). Odagra, Wlk. Cat, xxxii, p. 401 (1865). Type, L. ccenosa, Hiibn., from Europe. Range. Europe ; Japan ; China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Java. Flight nocturnal. Palpi long and porrect, the 2nd joint heavily fringed with hair, the 3rd long; antennae with the branches long in male, short in female. Fore wing more produced than in Aroa, the wing-membrane forming a slight concavity on underside beyond the upper angle of cell ; neuration similar.* L.ELIA. 441 SECT. I. Female with fully formed wings. 976. Laelia suffusa, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 824. Laelia angulifera, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 919; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 110, figs. 5, 5 a ; C. # S. nos. 889, 1068. Laelia prolata, Swinh. Cat. Het. Mus. Oxon. p. 195. d" . Palpi and legs ochreous ; head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing white with a slight reddish tinge ; the last with a sub- marginal series of seven black spots bent round to the middle of interno-median interspace. Hind wing pale, suffused with fuscous towards outer margin. $ . Head, thorax, and fore wing uniform pale ochreous ; abdo- men and hind wing white. Hab. Assam ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Mergui ; Java. Exp.9 g 34, $ 38 millim. 977. Laelia devestita, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 402 ; C. fy S. no. 1061. Laelia pallida, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 358 ; C.$S. no. 891. Laelioides lactea, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 358 ; C. $ S. no. 887. J . Head, collar, and legs bright ochreous ; thorax, abdomen, and wings white with a very slight ochreous tinge ; some speci- mens with slight traces of a submarginal curved series of black specks to the fore wing. Hab. Punjab; Bombay; Burma. Exp., d1 36, $ 42 millim. 978. Laelia lilacina, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 357 ; C. fy S. no. 890. c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing pale with a violet tinge ; the submarginal spots prominent. Hind wing suffused with dark fuscous. 5 . Head, thorax, and fore wing pale ochreous ; abdomen and hind wing white. Hab. Nilgiris. Exp., 3 34, $ 38 millim. 979. Laelia rubripennis, Moore, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884. p. 358 ; C.&S no. 888. Laslioides fasciata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 84, pi. 110, tig. 6 ; C. $ S. no. 886. Procodeca testacea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 574 (nom. praeocc.) ; C. $ S. no. 1069. <5 . Head, thorax, and fore wing reddish chestnut, the last irrorated with grey scales ; the interno-median interspace and outer area suffused with grey ; the black spot between veins 3 and 4 displaced towards outer margin. Abdomen and hind wing paler. $ with the fore wing less suffused with grey. In the form rubripennis, from Burma, the spots are indistinct, and the hind wing nearly white ; in fasciata, from Ceylon, the spots are more prominent and the hind wing fuscous. Hab. Ganjam ; Burma ; Ceylon. E.vp., <$ 36, $ 40 millim. 442 980. Lselia umbrina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 398 ; Butl III. IL-t. vii, pi. 123, fig. 8. 3 . Differs from rubripennis in the head, thorax, fore wing, and legs being dark reddish brown ; palpi ochreous ; abdomen and hind wing dark fuscous brown. Hal. Kulu. Exp. 39 millim. 981. Laelia cardinalis, Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix, ined., pi. 158, figs. 29, 30. tf. Differs from umbrina in the head, thorax, legs, and fore wing being brilliant scarlet or bright red-brown ; hind wing black ; abdomen black with a reddish tinge. Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 32-38 millim. 982. Laelia exclamationis, Koll IIugeTs Kashmir, iv, p. 409 ; Butl. If I. Het. vii, pi. 138, fig. 6 (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 782. Lacida rotundata, M7/r. Cat. iv, ]>. S02| Moore, L*>p. O///. ii. pi. 110, figs. 4, 4a; C. $ S. no. 883. Cycnia rubida, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 297 ; C. Sf S. no. 851. Lymantria disjuncta, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 366. Repena cervina, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 800; C. $ S. nos. 871, 1075. J. Eed-brown or pinkish brown; fore wing irroratrd with black scales ; a black line on discocellulars, often extending round the angle of cell to vein 2, the veins crossing it pale. $ rather paler and redder. Fig. 305. — Lcelia exclamationis t $ . \. Larva brown, with tufts of long grey and brown hair ; dorsal tuft of short brown hair on 3rd to 6th somites ; a subdorsal series of very short orange tufts, three to each somite ; a lateral pale line. Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; throughout India and Ceylon. $ 36, $ 44 millim. 983. Laelia testacea, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. G83 ; C. $ S. no. 885. Pulomacra juvenis, Wlk. Cut. v, p. 1099 ; C. $ S. no. 1336. Charnidas colon, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 56, pi. 140, figs. 3, 19. Leelia uniformis ($), Hmpsn. 111. Het. viii, p. 56, pi. 140, fig. 2. <3 . Differs from exclamationis in having a blackish subapieal patch to fore wing. $ of an ochreous tinge instead of red. L^LIA. — PAtfTANA. 443 The typical form testacea is very pale, the female with scarcely a trace of dark irroration ; the form juvenis has the fore wings longer in the male. Hah. Sincl ; Bombay ; Mhow ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp., rf 40-42, $ 40-48 millim. 984. Laelia litura, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 797 ; C. $ S. no. 880. c? . Differs from exdamationis in being dark fuscous brown ; the head, collar, and legs ochreous. Hob. Kulu ; Nepal; Sikhim ; Tenasserim. Exp. 30-36 millim. 985. Laelia venosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 601, pi. lix, fig. 1; C.$ 8. no. 892. cJ . Pale brown ; abdomen with an orange tinge ; fore wing with the veins paler. $ paler. Hab. Sikhim ; S. Andamans. Exp.9 J 40, $ 54 millim. 986. Laelia atestacea. Harapa testacea, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 47, pi. 2, fig. 15 (nom. prseocc.) ; C. | S. no. 1077. c? . Fore wing rather more produced than in that sex of the preceding species. Head and thorax pale yellowish brown ; abdo- men brownish yellow. Fore wing uniform pale yellowish brown ; hind wing paler. Hah. Sikhim. Exp. 56 millim. SECT. II. Female with aborted wings. 987. Laelia heterogyna, n. sp. cT . Dull brown ; clothed with long hair-like scales ; fore wing with the discocellulars smoky black ; some smoky suffusion between the bases of veins 2 to 4, and an indistinct patch beyond upper angle of cell. $ . Ochreous, with aborted wings. A development of L. testacea. Hab. Dras, Kashmir {Leech). Exp. <$ 44 millim. Type in coll. Leech. Genus PANTANA. Pantana, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 819 (1855). Birnara, Butl. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) i, 1879, p. 560. Type, P. visum, Hiibn. Range. China ; N.E. India ; Burma ; Malacca ; Java. Differs from Orgyia in the palpi being slender and naked ; the legs not so hairy ; the female with fully developed wings and bipectinated antennae with short branches. 444 988. Pantana bicolor, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 787 ; C. fy S. no. 873. Genusa delineata, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 818 ; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 89, fig. 8 ; C.fyS. no. 896. Genusa circumdata, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 819 ; C. $ S. no. 894. Genusa comparata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 340. Stilpnotia sordida, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1732; C. $ S. no. 1074. c? . Head, collar, and palpi orange ; thorax and basal segments of abdomen white, the terminal segments orange. Wings yellowish white ; fore wing with a slight fuscous suffusion iu the interspaces ; hind wing with the outer area broadly and irregularly suffused with fuscous, leaving the veins white. Underside with the greater part of fore wing and a patch on disk of hind wing suffused \\iili fuscous. £ with hardly a trace of fuscous suffusion. The Burmese form of the male is pure white, with no bku-k suffusion on hind wing ; the female pure white. Hob. Throughout N.E. India ; Burma. Exp. 48 millim. 989. Pantana visum, Iliiln. Zutr. iii, p. 33. Pantana dispar, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 8i>0 ; C. $ S. no. 1076. c?. Head orange-yellow; thorax pale brown; abdomen whitish. Tore wing yellowish white ; the costal half of wing suffused \\ith pale red and brown, leaving the centre of costa and discocellulars Fig. 306. — Pantana visum, $ . }. pale; two dark patches below the angle of cell. Hind win«j pure white. Underside with the costal half of fore wing orange except the apical black area. Hob. Throughout Burma. Exp. 44 millim. 990. Pantana terminata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 340 ; C. $ S. no. 898. <5 • Head, thorax, and abdomen pale fuscous. Fore wing with the basal area white or suffused with fuscous ; the apical area smoky black; the oblique medial white band with three black spots below the median nervure. Hind wing pure white or whitish, with the apical area black ; the inner area suffused with brown. Hob. Karen Hills ; Beeling ; E. Pegu. Exp. 40 millim. PANTANA. — THIACIDAS. 445 991. Pantana interjecta, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 478, pi. xix, fig. a cJ . Differs from terminata in being darker, the head, palpi, and COXSB of fore legs bright fulvous. Fore wing with the basal area much darker ; the apical area blacker ; no black spots below median nervure. Hind wing either wholly suffused with fuscous, except a white patch on the outer halt' of costa, the black patch being placed below the apex, or white with the apical area black. Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 46 milliin. 992. Pantana albifascia, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 325 j C. $ S. no. 872. Orgyia subfascia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865; p. 803. $ . Differs from interjecta in the whole hind wing being dark brown. In the form subfascia the band of the fore wing is more or less suffused with fuscous. Hab. Sikhiin. Exp. 42 millim. Genus THIACIDAS. Thiacidas, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1027 (1855). Casama, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 611 (1865). Type, T. postica, Wlk. Range. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. Palpi porrect and slender, the 2nd joint fringed with hair. Legs naked, the spurs rather short. Fore wing longer and narrower than in the preceding genera ; the neuration similar. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 usually stalked and 6 and 7 usually from cell. SECT. I. (Thiacidas). Male with the proximal two-thirds of antennae pectinated, the distal part serrate. 993. Thiacidas postica, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1028 ; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, pi. 21, figs. 1, 1 a, 2 ; C. Sf S. no. 1060. Drymonia denotata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 414; C. fy S. no. 1165. Heterocampa nigroscripta, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 423. Cnethocampa curvata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 429 ; C. fy S. no. 1046. Cnethocampa basifurca, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 430 ; C. Sf S. no. 1044. Fig. 307. — Thiacidas postica, $ \. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish brown. Fore wing greyish brown, with obliquely curved subbasal and antemedial black double lines angled below median nervure ; a double postmedial line 446 LTMANTRIIDyE. excurved round end of cell and bent- inwards below the (•••II with some streaks from it to outer margin. Hind wing with an indistinct curved postmedial line ; a brown patch at anal angle with a dark streak on it ; some striga? on margin. Hab. Throughout India and Burma. Exp.t <$ 38, $ 44 millim. SECT. II. (Casama). Male with antenna bi pectinated to tips, the branches long. 994. Thiacidas vilis, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 348; Hmpsn. III. Net. viii pi. 143, fips. 2, 9 ; C. $ S. no. 956. Casama indeterminata, Wlk. (.'at. xxxii, p. 611 ; C. fy 8. no. 177(.>. Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing grey, irrorated with br<>\\ n scales; the last with an indistinct dark mark on the discocellulars and a series of marginal dark specks. Hind wing white. Hab. JNilgiris; Ceylon. Rrp., <$ 26, $ 32 millim. Genus CIFUNA. Cifuna, Wlk. Cat. v. p. I 17'J (1850). Baryaza, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. & (1879). Type, C. locuples, AVlk. Ranye. Japan; Sikhim ; Khasi and X.-iga II ills. Palpi long, stout, and obliquely porrect. Antenna- lupectinated, the median branches long in male. Legs hairy. Fore wing rather short, the outer margin nearly straight; nruratinn as in preceding genera. Hind \, ing with veins :i and 4 from angle of cell or stalked ; 5 from above the angle : <'» ami 7 from upper ang!.-. 995. Cifuna locuples, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1173; Bull. 111. Htt. ii, pi. 27, fig. 6 ; C. # 8. no. 1330. <5 . Head, thorax, and fore wing reddish chestnut, the last with an indistinct broad irregular antemedial band; a waved line on each side of the discocellulars ; a broad irregular postmedial b;>nc.n.s. i, 1851, p. 1G2; Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. pi. xiv, figs. 13, 13 a (larva). Dasychira grotei, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 338 ; C. 8f S. no. 982. Dasychira kausalia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 401 ; C. fy S. no. 983. Dasychira arga, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 339. Dasychira nilgirica, Hmpm. III. Het. viii, p. 58, pi. Ml. figs. !•"». I I. Fig. 309.— Dasychira hortfieldi , tf. \. c? . Head and thorax whitish grey, the branches of antennae red- brown ; abdomen orange with the anal tuft grey ; legs spotted with black. Fore wing greyish white, irrorated with dark scales and slightly suffused with brown ; a dentate subbasal black line ; two medial lines, the inner nearly straight, the outer waved ; the reniforni spot with dark outline ; a waved postmedial line, bent outwards near inner margin ; an irregularly dentate submarginal line. Hind wing pale ; the inner area orange ; a more or less prominent dark spot at end of cell; Ihe outer area generally suffused with fuscous. Underside with prominent cell-spots to both wings. $ . Head, thorax, and fore wing white, slightly powdered with grey ; the last with indistinct diffused antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal lines. Abdomen and hind wing pure white. Larva yellow, with tufts of long yellow hairs ; 4th to 7th and llth DASYCHIEA. 449 somites with thick dorsal shorter tufts ; a black dorsal patch between 4th and 5th somites. Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon and Burma; Java. Exp., 3 46, 2 70-86 millim. 1000. Dasychira thwaitesi, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 98, pi. 116, figs. 1, la, b (larva); C. $ S. no. 991. Dasychira pudica, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 538. ^ . Differs from horsfieldi in the head and thorax being whiter. Fore wing pure white ; the two postmedial lines nearer the margin ; the submarginal line absent ; abdomen and hind wing pale brown without any orange. 2 . White, very slightly irrorated with black ; medial and post- medial dark streaks from the costa of fore wing ; the lines very faint ; hind wing pure white. Hab. Ceylon. Exp., <$ 40, $ 50 millim. 1001. Dasychira albescens, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 59, pi. iii, fig. 2; C. $ S. no. 975. <$ . Palpi black at sides ; branches of antennae red-brown ; head, thorax, and abdomen white, slightly irrorated with grey. Pore wing silky white, slightly irrorated with grey ; a tuft of raised scales at end of cell ; almost obsolete ante- and postmedial waved lines. Hind wing white, with an almost obsolete dark spot at end of cell and curved submarginal band forming a patch near anal angle. $ with the palpi white ; the fore wing thickly irrorated with fuscous, and with better defined antemedial, postmedial, and sub- marginal lines. Hab. Sikhim. Exp., $ 58, $ 68 millim. 1002. Dasychira cinctata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 59; C. $ S. no. 978. c? . Differs from albescens in the thorax being tinged with brown, the abdomen ringed with black. Pore wing with antemedial and postmedial black patches on the costa ; the antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal waved lines more prominent. Hind wing with a dark mark at end of cell, a submarginal band, and marginal line. $ . The thorax not tinged with brown ; fore wing more irro- rated with fuscous. Hab. Sikhim. Exp., <$ 62, $ 82 millim. 1003. Dasychira strigata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 58 ; C. $ S. no. 989. Dasychira niveosparsa, Butl. III. Het. v, p. 59, pi. 91, fig. 7 ; C. & S. no. 987. Head and thorax iron-grey ; abdomen slightly tinged with yellow. Pore wing dark iron-grey, slightly tinged with brown ; an indistinct angulated subbasal line ; a double antemedial waved line ; the reniform with dark outline ; a double waved postmedial line TOL. i. 2 G 450 LYMANTRIIDjE. and single submarginal line. Hind wing fuscous, the inner area tinged with orange ; an indistinct dark spot at end of cell ; a post- medial band and marginal line. Hab. Simla ; Sikhim. Exp., <3 62, $ 73 milliin. 1004. Dasychira varia, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 868; C. fy S. no. JHH?. Dasvchira raaruta, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 339; Butl. III. Hd. v, pi. 91, tig. 6 ; C. $ S. no. 984. £. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish grey ; palpi black at sides. Fore wing brownish grey, with a nearly erect subbasal dark line; an indistinct dark forked antemedial line; a dark mark on discocellulars; a doubly curved postraedial black line; a sub- marginal lunulate line. Hind wing pale fuscous; traces of a dark mark on discocellulars and postmedial band ; a marginal dark line. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 70 inillim. *1005. Dasychira perdix, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 58, pi. Hi, fi-. •"> ; C.Sf S. 110. 988. J. Grey; thorax speckled with brown ; antennae, sides of palpi, and legs pale ferruginous. Both wini^ with the veins and inter- spaces irrorated with prominent black-brown scales, forming on the fore wing indistinct sinuous bands and patches ; a suffused brown patch at end of cell, and a patch on centre of inner margin; a submarginal line ; hind wing with the inner margin ferruginous grey ; a submarginal band. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 62 millim. *1006. Dasychira brunnescens, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 57 ; C. $ S. no. 977. <3 . Head, thorax, and legs grey irrorated with brown ; branches of antennae red-brown ; abdomen pale brown. Fore wing greyish white irrorated with brown scales; a waved basal, two suhliasal, and one medial line ; a submarginal lunulate pale-bordered line ; a line on discocellulars. Hind wing greyish brown, the outer ar a palest ; the veins and a submarginal band darker. $ with the hind wing much paler. Hab. Sikhim. Exp., rf 60, $ 70 millim. 1007. Dasychira chloroptera, n. sp. c? . Head and thorax dark green ; abdomen black-brown ; the first three segments with black crests ; anal tuft fulvous yellow. Fore wing dark green, with indistinct waved medial, postmedial, submarginal, and marginal lines. Hind wing black, with broad irregular bright yellow marginal band. Underside ochreous, the basal area suffused with black ; a black spot at end of cell and waved postmedial line. Hab. Khasis. Exp. 56 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. DASYCHIRA. 451 1008. Dasychira virescens, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 54, pl.iii, fig. 16; . Nioda fusiformis, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1070 ; C. % S. no. 1036. Rilia lanceolate, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 107o. Antipha basalis, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 806 ; C. fy S. no. 1040. Dasychira sawanta, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 340. Dasychira divisa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. »;:!. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown, the abdominal tut'l dark. Fore wing with a subbasal incurved dark line ; waved ante- and postmedial lines, the latter recurved beyond end of cell and incurved below the end; a waved submarginal line. Hind \\ing pale, the outer area slightly suffused with brown. In the form mendosa = fusiformis the fore wing is nearly uniform brown with a pale round patch outside the subbasal line : in divisa the whole costal half of the fore wing is suffused with white except a patch on the costa before the apex : in basalis the subbasal patch is dark brown and elongate ; there is a pale line before the ante- medial line and on each side of the discocellulars, and some grey near apex and outer angle. $ . The subbasal line of fore wing almost obsolete ; the waved dark lines prominent ; the reniform pale brown with dark outline ; a diffused dark fascia from the base to outer margin, leaving the costa and inner margin pale, in some specimens interrupted by the area between the ante- and postmedial lines being pale. DASYCHIRA. 453 Larva blackish ; the head striped with red ; the 1st somite with a white band crossed by red stripes and with tufts of long black hair ; a series of red lateral spots with a white line below them ; dorsal tufts of bright yellow hair rising from a dark patch on 4th to 7th somites ; a lateral tuft of black hair from oth somite ; 8th to llth somites with subdorsal red spots ; llth somite with a dorsal tuft of long black hair ; legs scarlet ; prolegs spotted with scarlet. Another form is paler, with the whole head and a dorsal blotch on 1st somite scarlet ; the dorsal tufts on 4th to 7th somites grey. Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Java; Australia. J 34-42, $ 46-54 millim. 1014. Dasychira inclusa, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1737 ; Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. pi. xv, figs. 2, 2 a (larva). Dasychira dalbergiae, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 399 ; Butt. III. Net. vii, pi. 123, figs. 9, 10, 11, pi. 138, tig. 12 (larva) ; C. 8f S. no. 979 A. c? • Differs from mendosa in the head, thorax, and abdomen being darker brown. Fore wing rather broader and shorter and more uniform dull brown ; the lines very indistinct, and with an indistinct waved brown band beyond the postmedial line. Hind wing brownish fuscous. One specimen has the fore wing slightly irrorated with white and a large white subbasal round spot. $ . The fore wing with a pale brown subbasal mark ; some pale brown along inner margin, on discocellulars, and beyond the postmedial line. Hind wing paler. Larva of male dark brown, with lateral tufts of long hair ; head red-brown ; two white dorsal lines on 4th somite and dorsal tufts of silky reddish hair on 4th to 7th somites. Larva of female with the dorsal tufts dark brown ; a subdorsal white stripe and crimson dorsal spots on 9th and 10th somites. Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Poona ; Java. Exp., <3 40, £ 52 millim. SECT. III. (PsaUs). Pore wing of male produced and falcate at apex ; abdomen with no dorsal crests. 1015. Dasychira securis, Hubn. Zutr. ii, p. 19, figs. 291, 292 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 115, figs. 1, 1 a (larva) j C. ' Sf S. no. 1090. Arestha antica, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 805. Rigerna falcata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 437. Eig-ema tacta, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 438. Anticyra approximata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 440. cJ . Head and thorax brownish ochreous ; abdomen ochreous white. Pore wing ochreous, the inner half irrorated with dark scales ; the central area from base to outer margin bro\\ ni>h suffused with white. Hind wing ochreous white. 454 Larva black, with ochreous dorsal and black lateral hairs ; long anterior and posterior tufts ; thick dorsal tufts of rufous hair on 4th to 7th somites, and smaller tufts on 9th and 10th somites ; subdorsal and lateral series of greenish spots and lateral greenish line ; head and legs crimson. Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java ; Australia. Exp., rf 34, £ 50 millim. Genus MARDARA. Mardara, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 402 (1865). Mahoba, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 52 (1879). Type, M. caligramma, Wlk. Range. Simla ; Sikhim ; Nagas ; Manipur. Palpi porrect and rather slender ; antennae with the branches long in male, shorter in female ; legs with the spurs long. Shape and neuration as in Dasychira, except that the fore wing is more rounded and vein 10 anastomoses with 7,8,9 to form the areole; hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from cell. SECT. I. Palpi reaching beyond the frons ; fore wing with vein 10 given off shortly after areole. 1016. Mardara plagidotata, Wlk. Ca*.xxv,p. 1483 j Moore, Lep. Atk. pi. iii, fig. 6 ; C. 8f S. no. 1058. Head and collar black powdered with white ; palpi orange ; antenna3 black ; thorax and abdomen white powdered with fuscous; abdomen with the terminal segments orange. Fore wing white Fig. 310.— Mardara plagidotata, $>. }. hickly irrorated with fuscous ; a brown lunule at end of cell ; browrn patches on the costa before the middle, at middle, and near apex ; a brown band on' outer margin from apex narrowing to vein 2. MARDARA. NUMENES. 455 Hind wing white, with a round black spot at end of cell ; a sub- marginal patch on veins 2 and 3 ; a patch on costa before the apex and on outer margin below it ; outer area slightly irrorated with black. Hob. Sikhim; Nagas. Ea-p., tf 66, $ 72 millim. *1017. Mardara irrorata. Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 52 j C. $ S. no. 1057. c? . Head and thorax pale ochreous ; abdomen brighter ; antennae brown ; legs speckled with brown. Fore wing ochreous white, sparsely irrorated with red-brown scales ; a pale spot at end of cell enclosing a brown line on discocellulars which is necked with yellow. Hind wing ochreous white, the outer area sparsely irrorated with red-brown scales. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 57 millim. 1018. Mardara caligramma, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 204 ; C.$S. no. 997. c? . Head and thorax clothed with dark brown and yellow hairs ; fulvous-yellow tufts on metathorax ; abdomen fuscous, the segments fringed with yellow ; the anal tuft orange. Eore wing dark brown ; the veins yellowish ; a subbasal oblique yellow line ; an antemedial highly angled line conjoined to a doubly angled post- medial line which touches a waved submarginal line, thus forming large reticulations ; a yellow spot on discocellulars. Hind wing smoky black ; cilia of both wings ochreous. Hob. Simla; Sikhim; Nagas. Exp., J 50, $ 58 millim. SECT. II. Palpi not reaching beyond the frons ; fore wing with vein 10 given off towards apex. 1019. Mardara albostriata, n. sp. c? . Head and thorax red-brown ; abdomen black, the segments fringed with white, the anal tuft orange. Eore wing red-brown ; the veins streaked with white ; a basal white patch with a dark spot on it ; a subbasal white line ; an angulated antemedial line with a streak in the intern o-median interspace from it to an excurved postmedial line which nearly touches an incurved sub- marginal line. Hind wing white, with some black spots near apex and on margin ; two large spots near anal angle. Undersides of both wings white, with the apices brown. Hob. Manipur ; Nagas (Doherty). Exp. 60 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus NUMENES. Numenes, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 662 (1855). Pseudomesa, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 923 (1855). Type, N. siletti, Wlk. Range. Sikhim ; Bhutan ; Assam ; Burma ; Java. 456 LYMANTBIID.E. Palpi obliquely upturned, the first two joints thickly fringed with hair. Antennae bipectinate in both sexes, the branches long. Fore wing with the apex more produced and acute in the male than the female ; neuration as in Dasychira ; hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from cell. 1020. Numenes siletti, Wlk. Cat. Hi, p. 663 ; C. $ S. no. 964. Pseudomesa quadriplagiata, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 923 ; B\dl. III. Net. v, pi. 90, fig. (5 ; C.SfS. no. 1031. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown, the last with the segments fringed with white. Wings dark brown ; fore wing with an oblique white band from the centre of costa to near outer angle. Hind wing with a pale orange fascia from beyond the middle of cell to near outer margin. £ . Head and thorax black ; abdomen orange, with paired dorsal and ventral brown spots. Fore wing yellowish white ; a broad black Fig. 31 1 .—Numenes siletti. fascia along inner margin met by oblique ante- and postmedial chocolate bands, the latter sometimes enclosing some white spots ; cilia chocolate. Hind wing pale orange, with a black-brown spot towards apex and another towards anal angle, the former some- times absent. Hob. Sikhim ; Assam ; Burma. Exp., 3 50, ? 53 millim. 1021. Nnmenes patrana, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 367 ; C. $ S. no. 963. Numenes partita, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 290 ; C. $ S. no. 962. c? . Head and thorax red-brown ; abdomen ochreous. Fore wing white ; a basal dark red-brown patch with a spot on the costa beyond it ; a broad medial Y-shaped band, with an oblique NUMENES. — PIDA. 457 stripe from the same point on the costa to centre of outer margin. Hind wing pale yellow, with a large fuscous spot towards outer angle. $ . Fore wing pale pinkish brown ; antemedial, medial, and subapical dark spots on the costa, and a Y-shaped or rounded spot on inner margin and one or two small spots at outer angle. Hob. Sikhim ; Bhutan ; Bernardinyo. Exp., $ 50, $ 76 millim. Genus PIDA. Pida, Wlk. Cat xxxii, p. 399 (1865). Locharna, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 53 (1879). Type, P. apicalis, Wlk. Range. Sikhim ; Khasis. Palpi upturned, reaching above vertex of head ; antennae of male with the branches long, short in female ; legs heavily fringed with hair. Shape and neuration as in Dasychira* 1022. Pida apicalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 400: Butt. III. Het. v.pl. 89, fig. 15; G. 8f S. no. 960. c? . Palpi black, fringed with orange. Head and thorax pale brown; abdomen blackish, with orange anal tuft. Fore wing Fig. 312.— Pida apicalis, tf . {. pale brown irrorated with dark scales, which are thickly dis- posed towards the large apical yellow patch. Hind wing pale yellow, the inner area clothed with long brown hairs. Underside yellow. Hdb. Sikhim. Exp. 64 millim. 1023. Pida strigipennis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 53, pi. iii, tig. 11 ; C. $ S. no. 1065. Head and thorax dark and red-brown ; antennae black, with the sides of the shaft white ; metathorax with a black tuft. Fore wing yellowish white, closely striated with black, the least striated area being the postinedial costal area ; a black spot at end of cell. 458 LTMANTRIIDJE. Abdomen and hind wing orange-yellow, the latter with a few black striae at apex. Some specimens are much paler than others. Hab. Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp., rf 46, $ 55 millim. Genus DAPLASA. Daplasa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 51 (1879). Type, D. irrorata, Moore. Rcmge. Sikhim. Palpi very slender, short, and closely appressed to the frons ; antennae bipectinated in male. Fore wing with vein 6 from upper angle of cell; 9 arising from 10 and anastomosing with 7 and > to form the areole. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from angle of cell or stalked. 1024. Daplasa variegata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 48, pi. ii, fig. 24 ; C. $ S. no. 955. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen white and olive-yellow. Fore wing with the basal area white, irro- rated with black and oli \r-yrllo\\ scales forming ill-defined subbasal, antemedial, and medial bands ; an indistinct forked postmedial band conjoined to the outer olive-yellow area irrorated with black scales. Hind Daplasa wriegata^. }. ™8 ^"^ «J dark > speck at end °j cell, and broad marginal fuscous hand not reaching anal angle. Underside of fore wing almost wholly suffused with black. Hab. Sikhim. Rvp. 30 millim. *1025. Daplasa irrorata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 62, pi. ii,fig. 17; C.fyS. no. 1086. cJ . White ; thorax brown-speckled ; palpi and legs above bright yellow. Fore wing irrorated with minute brown scales, forming four indistinct oblique bands most distinct towards inner margin, the outer band extending to the apex. Abdomen and hind wing pale yellow. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 28 millim. Genus HERACULA. Heracula, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 804. Type, H. discivitta, Moore. Range. Sikhim. Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head, and heavily fringed HEBACULA. — LTMANTKIA. 459 with hair ; antennae minutely ciliated in female. Pore wing broad, the apex rounded ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 5 from above angle ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 10 being given off near the apex. Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from near angle of cell ; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 1026. Heracula discivitta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 804, pi. 43, fig. 2 ; C. 8f S. no. 1063. Head, collar, and prothorax dark brown; meso-, metathorax, Fig. 314. — Heracula discivitta, . Antennae serrate ; wings either fully developed, or partially aborted, or reduced to scales. SECT. I. (Enome). Female with scale-like wings ; hind wing of male with the inner margin long ; hind tibiao with a minute terminal pair of spurs. 1027. Lymantria incerta, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 880; C. $ S. no. 1030. Lymantria aryama, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 345; C. $ S. no 1000." Enome detersa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 365 ; Swinh. P. /.. .v. 1 ss'>, i,l. i» 1 . figs. 3, 4 ; C. 4- S. no. 1029. Lymantria costalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 365; C. $ S. no. 1006. c?. Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown; a (rim-on lino behind the head ; abdomen banded with crimson ; legs spot ted with black and marked with crimson. Fore wing greyish brown ; a black subbasal line with some spots beyond it ; an antemedial \\a\rd line ; a spot at middle of cell and lunule at end of it ; a difl'used postmedial band and double waved postmedial line, tin- outer line more or less obsolescent. Hind wing brown, \\ith an indistinct waved postmedial line ; an elongate black mark near anal angle ; cilia of both wings spotted with black. The form detersa is pale and small (36 millim.). $. Head, thorax, and aborted wings whitish, tin- last \\ith traces of markings ; abdomen very large and l>n>\\ n. Hob. Throughout S. India and Ceylon. E.vp., J 36-54 millim. 1028. Lymantria ampla, in/.-. Cat. iv, p. 883; Moore, L,r. /;. / < pi. 9 a, fig. 4, and pi. 15, tigs. 7, 7 a, 8, 8 a (larva ) ; ('. \ x. DO. 1( 128, c? . Differs from incerta in being much yellower bnrnn, and without crimson on head, abdomen, or legs. ? . Head, thorax, and aborted wings white, spotted with black ; abdomen blackish. Larva brown, clothed with tufts of short hair and long hair from the anterior and posterior somites ; male with a pah' subdorsal line and dorsal and sublateral white spots ; female w ith black dorsal spots and a white spot on 9th somite. Head and legs ochreous. Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. E> & no. 1013. c? . Differs from ampla in being greyish brown ; fore wing w ith LYMANTBJA. 461 the postraedial double lines more regular ; hind wing with a dark lunule at end of cell and dark marginal band. $ . Pale ochreous ; a dark mark at end of cell of fore wing. Larva pale brown, with short dorsal tufts of hair and long lateral tufts ; a dark brown dorsal band, with pale lines down the centre and on each side. Hob. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. <$ 32 millim. SECT. III. (J^ymantria). Female with fully developed wings ; hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs. 1030. Lymantria rhodina, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 366 ; C. $ S. no. 1016. cJ . Head and thorax black, with a crimson line behind the head ; abdomen crimson above. Fore wing smoky black ; an indistinct black spot near end of cell and lunule on discocellulars ; an indis- tinct postmedial waved line ; cilia chequered brown and black. Hind wing whitish ; the inner area tinged with crimson ; a marginal fuscous band. Hab. Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 40 millim. 1031. Lymantria obsoleta, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 880; C. $ S. no. 1014. Lymantria bhascara, Moore, Lep. E. 1. Co. p. 345. Lymantria vinacea, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1879, p. 402. Lymantria albolunulata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 403 ; C.$ S. no. 999. Lymantria sobrina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 402, pi. 33, fig. 5. J . Differs from rhodina in being brown ; the abdomen slightly tinged with crimson. Fore wing irrorated with dark scales ; indistinct double lunulate antemedial, medial, and postmedial lines ; a black lunule at end of cell, but no spot in the cell. Hind wing pale brownish fuscous. $ . Abdomen crimson, with a dark line on vertex and series of lateral black spots, the extremity brown ; hind wing with the inner area suffused with crimson. The form albolunulata from the N.W. Himalayas has the fore wing more irrorated with black ; the postmedial lines with whitish lunules between them. A form from the Khasis has the ground- colour of fore wing paler ; the hind wing nearly pure white, with a fuscous lunule at end of cell and irregular subinarginal band ; the cilia of both wings chequered black and pinkish. In the form sobrina the lines of the fore wing are better denned ; the hind wing with the inner margin tinged with pink ; female with the abdomen yellowish. Hab. China; Formosa; throughout India and Ceylon. Evp., cJ 42, $ 72 millim. 462 1032. Lymantria ascetria, Hiibn. Samml. exot. Schmett. ii, Phal. rer. figs. 1-4; C. # S. no. 1001. Lymantria pramestra, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 344, pi. ix a, fig. 3. c? . Head and thorax white ; antennae black ; a crimson line behind the head ; tegulao with a black spot ; abdomen crimson, with fuscous spots on vertex and fringe to the segments. Fore wing white ; two black spots at base and curved subbasal series ; an antemedial waved fuscous line arising from a black spot on costa ; a black speck near end of cell and lunule at end ; two post- medial and one subraarginal lunulate fuscous lines arising from black spots on the costa, the two former approaching each other towards inner margin; a series of marginal black spots. Hind wing white, with submarginal fuscous band and marginal series of spots. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen suffused with brown. Fore wing wholly suffused with brown, except the costal aiva and some white diffused along the lines ; tLe markings considerably obscured. Hind wing often suffused with pale fuscous. Hob. Moulmein ; Tavoy ; Java. Exp.^ rf 46, $ 52-70 milliin. 1033. Lymantria concolor, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. s:r, : /;////. ///. ]{,t. v, pi. 90, tigs. 9, 10 ; C. # S. no. 1005. Lymantria superans, Wlk. Cat iv, p. 876 ; C. $ S. no. 1019. Lymantria carnecolor, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 399; C. fy S. no. 1004 A. Lymantria micans, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 99, fig. 2 ; C. 8f S. no. 1011. c? . Differs from ascetria in the head and thorax being marked with black. Fore wing with the markings black ; tin- anlcmediai line much more irregularly waved, and with a black streak in the cell beyond it ; the two postmedial lines more lunulate and more or less connected by black blotches ; the submarginal line also more irregular. Hind wing whitish or suffused with black, and with traces of a submarginal band. 2 with the line behind the head yellow7, and the ground-colour of abdomen yellow. Some specimens have the head, thorax, and wings yellowish. Larva brown, with tufts of brown and black hair ; speckled and the back blotched with black ; a conspicuous blotch on 2nd somite. Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Sylhet ; Nagas ; Burma. d 56, $ 88 millim. 1034. Lymantria similis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 402 ; C. $ S. no. 1017. Lymantria cara, Butl 111. Het. v, p. 56, pi. 90, fig. 13; C. $ S. no. 1004. <3 . Differs from ascetria in the tegulae being without black spots. Fore wing with the black patches on costa, from which LYHANTBIA. 463 the waved lines arise, absent or large ; a patch on inner margin at junction of the postmedial lines. £ . With the tuft from basal joint of antennae and line behind the head yellow ; the abdomen crimson. Fore wing with the waved lines obsolescent ; the black patches on costa and inner margin large, the first three on costa crossing the cell ; a patch on centre of outer margin. Hind wing whitish, with fuscous submarginal band and marginal spots. Hob. Sikhira ; Bhutan ; Assam ; Calcutta ; Borneo ; Sumatra. Exp., <$ 52-58, $ 80 millim. 1035. Lymantria todara, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 402, pi. 33, fig. 6; Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, pi. 141, tig. 15 ( $ ) ; C. $ S. no. 1020. c? . Differs from ascetria in the line behind the head being yellow ; two black spots on collar, and four on vertex of thorax ; abdomen yellow. Fore wing with the postmedial waved lines single towards inner margin. Hind wing pale yellow, with a fuscous marginal band. 5 . Abdomen yellow and black. Fore wing as in similis, the black patches better defined, and the one on inner margin Y-shaped. Hind wing fuscous white, slightly tinged with yellow ; the sub- marginal band almost obsolete. Hab. Nilgiris; Ceylon. Exp., <$ 54, $ 88 millim. 1036. Lymantria beatrix, Stall, Cram. Pap. Exot. v, p. 173, pi. 40, fig. 2 ; C.fyS. no. 1003. Lymantria marginata, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 877. Lymantria fuliginosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 17 ; C. $ S. no. 1007. Lymantria pusilla, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 99, fig. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 1015. Lymantria nigra, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 399 ; C. # 8. no. 1012 A. Porthetria umbrina, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 55 ; C. fy 8. no. 1027. J . Head and thorax pale fuscous, marked and spotted with black ; the line behind the head yellow ; 3rd joint of palpus orange ; two orange spots on mesothorax • abdomen orange, with a black line on vertex or short segmental bands ; anal tuft black. Fore wing pale fuscous ; an orange speck and three black spots at base ; a broad subbasal black band ; an antemedial line ; a spot near end of cell and lunule on diseocellulars ; a medial band ; two postmedial and one submarginal lunulate line; a marginal series of spots. Hind wing black, with yellow streaks on median and submedian nervures, or on the veins towards outer margin. Underside more or less suffused with yellow. $ . Head and thorax white ; collar outlined with black ; thorax marked with black ; the line behind the head and two spots on thorax yellow ; abdomen yellow, with dorsal and lateral series of black spots. Fore wing white, with the black markings broad and more or less conjoined into blotches. Hind wing white, with a broad marginal black baud, some specimens having white spots on it at centre ; cilia white. 464 LTMANTEIlD.i:. Hob. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Java. Ki*p., tf 54, 68 millim. 1037. Lymantria grisea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 55, pi. iii, tig. 5 ; C.# £ no. 1009. <5. Head and thorax pale brown; abdomen whitish. Fore wing pale brown, with numerous indistinct dark lunulate lines, the most distinct being two irregular submarginal lines with \\liit«- lunules between them ; a dark mark on discocellulars. Hind \\ iui; yellowish white, with an indistinct marginal fuscous band. Hab. Sikhiin. Exp. 42 millim. 1038. Lymantria mathura, Moore, P. 7.. S. 1865, p. 805 ; C. $ S. no. 1026. Lymantria aurora, Butl. A. M. N. If. (4) xx, p. 403. c? . Differs from beatrix in the black spots on vertex of abdomen being small ; the ground-colour of fore wing paler ; the hind wing Fig. 315. — Lt/manfria matJiura. \. orange, with a black spot at end of cell and conjoined series of submarginal spots forming a curved band ; some spots on centre of outer margin. $ . Head and thorax white ; frons fuscous ; two black spots each on collar, meso- and metathorax j palpi, antennal tuft, and two spots on mesothorax crimson ; abdomen crimson, with small black spots LYMANTRIA. 465 on vertex, tne terminal segments whitish ; legs black and crimson. Fore wing white ; some crimson and black basal spots ; a subbasal line ; an antemedial waved line joining at inner margin two post- inedial lunulate lines, the space between which is often completely filled in with fuscous ; a fuscous spot towards end of cell ; some lunulate submarginal marks forming a more or less complete band ; a marginal series of spots ; costa and cilia crimson. Hind wing crimson, with a fuscous spot at end of cell ; a submarginal macu- late band and some spots on centre of margin. The variety aurora, from Japan, where the typical form also occurs, is suffused with fuscous in both sexes. Hab. Japan ; N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exp.t <$ 40-54, $ 96-112 millim. 1039. Lymantria viola, Sidnh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 406. 3 . Differs from maihura in having the orange markings re- placed by crimson, except that the abdomen is somewhat orange towards extremity. Fore wing with the ground-colour greyish. 5 . Differs from mathura in the black markings being somewhat reduced ; the collar without spots, and the mesothorax with one black spot between the two crimson spots, and none behind them. Hob. Bombay. Ea-p., <$ 50, £ 90 millim. 1040. Lymantria grandis, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 874; C. $ S. no. 1008. Lymantria maculosa, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 881. Lymantria metarhoda, Wlk. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) i, 1862, p. 78. $ . Differs from viola in the shaft of antennae and ground- colour of thorax and fore wing being pure white. Fore wing with all the bands reduced to well-separated spots ; collar and thorax spotted as in mathura. £ . Differs from mathura in the frons being black, the 2nd joint of palpus with a black spot. Hab. Ceylon. Exp., costa; four lunulate equidistant lines ; a small black spot in the cell and lunule on discocellulars. Hind wing whitish ; the basil and inner areas tinged with crimson ; a faint submarginal fuscous band. $ . Pale pink ; antennae, palpi, and legs black ; the 1st joint of antennae and line behind the head crimson. Fore wing with a black lunule from costa to costal nervure at middle of cell ; a lunule on discocellulars and line from vein 1 to centre of inner margin. Hab. Sikhim. Erp., £ 62, $ 92-98 millim. 1043. Lymantria hivittata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 57 ; C. $ S. no. 1022. £ . Head and thorax white ; palpi and antennae black ; frons tinged with crimson ; basal joints of antennae and line behind the head crimson; abdomen crimson, the basal and terminal -e^mrnts white. Fore wing silvery white ; two black basal marks ; an out- wardly oblique antemedial line with waved edges, joined at inner margin by an inwardly oblique postmedial line ; a series of marginal spots. Hind wing white. Hab. Sikhim; ISylhet. Exp. 100 millim. 1044. Lymantria semlcincta. 7(77.-. Cut. iii, p. 020; Lutl. III. Ilet.v, pi. 90, fig. 7; C. # S. no. 1047. Palpi, antennae, and legs black; head yellowish white, with a black spot behind it ; the basal joints of antennae orange ; thorax yellowish white, with a large black patch on vertex and spot on tegulae ; abdomen crimson. Fore wing black; a yellowish-white spot at base of inner margin and one in end of cell ; three con- Sined oostmedial spots from costa and three from inner mar.ijirr. ind wing crimson, with a broad marginal black border decrea to anal angle ; cilia of both wings chequered yellow and black. Hab. Simla; Sikhim. KI-JI. (jo millim. Genus IMAUS. Imaus, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 54 (1870). Dura, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 56 (1879). Type, /. mundus, Wlk. Ranye. N.E. India ; Java ; Celebes. Palpi rather long, slender, and porrect. Antennae with the branches long in both sexes. Fore wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from near angle of cell ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 7 being given off further from the cell or from the same point as 10. Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from near angle of cell ; 6 and 7 from upper angle ; the outer margin produced at vein 3. IMAUS. HIMALA. 467 SECT. I. (Imaus). Pore wing with vein 11 not anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with outer margin slightly produced. 1045. Imaus mundus, wik. Cat. iv, p. 875; C. $ S. no. 1012. Pale brown ; legs spotted with black. Pore wing with promi- nent subbasal and antemedial series of spots ; a prominent spot in the cell and line on each side of discocellulars ; a prominent very highly dentate postmedial line ; well-marked series of sub- marginal lunules and marginal spots. Hind wing with indistinct submarginal band and marginal series of specks. Hob. Throughout N.E. India ; Java. Exp. 80 millim. SECT. II. (Dura). Pore wing with vein 11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing produced and angled at vein 3. 1046. Imaus albus, Moore, Lep. Afk. p. 56; C. $ S. no. 1084. White, with a slight brownish tinge ; palpi black at sides ; branches of antennae red-brown. Pore wing with about seven Fig. 316. — Imaus albus, J1. !• indistinct brownish waved lines ; orbicular and reniform stigmas with brownish outline ; a marginal series of black spots to both wings* Hob. Sikhim. Evp., <$ 38, $ 58 millim. Genus HIMALA. Himala, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 57 (1879). Type, H. aryentea, Wlk. Range. Himalayas ; Assam. Palpi slender, porrect, and reaching beyond the frons ; antennae with tufts of long hair from the basal joint, the branches long. Hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Pore wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from near angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from near lower angle of cell ; 6 and 7 stalked. 468 LYMANTEIID.f:. 1047. Himala argentea, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 827 ; C. § S. no. 1056. Dasychira ilita, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 341. Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore wing silvery white, Fig. 317.— Himala argentea, the veins black; outer margin fuscous. Hind \\iiiijwhite; the veins black towards outer margin ; a marginal black line. Hob. N."W. Himalayas ; Dehra Dun; Sikhim ; Assam. £".»•/>., c£ 44, $ 54 millim. Genus GAZALINA. Gazalina, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 398 (1865). Oligoclona, Feld. Eeis. Nov. pi. 94, fig. 10, Erk. p. 7 (1874). Type, 0. apsara, Moore. Range. Himalayas. Palpi very minute. Antennae with the branches of moderate length in male, serrate in female; tufts of long hair from tin- basal joint. Mid and hind tibiae with minute terminal pair* «t spurs. Abdomen of female with a very large anal tuft. Fore wing with veins 3 and 4 coincident or rarely forking just before the margin ; 5 from lower angle of cell ; 6 from just above mi«ldl«> of discocellulars ; 7 from upper angle; 8,9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from near angle of cell ; 5 from near upper angle; 6 and 7 stalked. 1048. Gazalina apsara, M,,orc, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 341 ; C. $ S. no. it!).;. Gazalina venosata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 398 ; llutl. 111. Het. v, pi. 89, fig. 5 ; C. 8f S. no. 996. Oligoclona nervosa, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 05, fig. 8. d1 . Head and thorax white ; frons, legs, and shafts of anU-nnu black, the branches of the last collar sometimes tinged fulvous ; abdomen black, segments fringed with white and with a lateral white fringe. Fore wing white, the veins black towards outer margin. Hind wing white. Fig. 318. — Gazalina apsara, <$ . \. $ . The segments of abdomen less fringed with white, and witl a very large fulvous anal tuft. GAZAXINA. TOPOMESA. 469 The form venosata, from Sikhim, has the costa and the whole of the veins of fore wing black, and the veins of hind wing black towards outer margin ; the seginental white fringes of abdomen narrower in both sexes. Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Rrp., rf 44, $ 50 millim. 1049. Gazalina chrysolopha, Roll. UuyeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 470; C. $ 8. no. 994. Dasychira antica, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 867 ; Butt. III. Het. v, pi. 89, fig. 4. Oligoclona chordigera, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 94, fig. 10. Differs from apsara in the fore wing having an indistinct sub- basal black line ; a streak along -median nervure ; two slightly waved medial oblique lines, beyond which the veins are black ; the thorax and collar sometimes tinged with fulvous. Larva brown, with tufts of long pale brown hair ; a dorsal series of short fulvous tufts. Head and legs fulvous ; 5 pairs of prolegs. Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exp., 3 46, $ 54 millim. 1050. Gazalina transversa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 47, pi. ii, fig. 22; C. 8f S. no. 995. c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen pure white ; the anal tuft white. Wings pure white ; fore wing with the antemedial line represented by a line from vein 1 to inner margin ; the postmedial line nearly- straight and not reaching the costa ; no black marks at base or streaks on the veins. Hob. Sikhim. Evp. 30 millim. Genus TOPOMESA. Topomesa, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1921 (1866). Type, T. subinanis, Wlk. Range. Burma ; Borneo ; Java. $ . Palpi obliquely upturned ; antennae with the branches long ; mid tibias with one pair of spurs, hind tibia3 with two pairs. Fore wing with the apex somewhat acute, the outer margin excised below the apex ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from close to angle ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from near lower angle of cell ; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 1051. Topomesa subinanis, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1921. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen sulphur-yellow ; frons and palpi red-brown ; antennae with the branches brown. Wings sulphur- yellow ; fore wing with a red-brown spot beyond the lower angle 470 LYMAXTBIIDJE. of cell, and some marks on outer margin ; hind wing with a red- brown mark on outer margin towards aual angle. Fig. 319.— Topvme*a subinanis, ? . \. Nab. Tenasserim ; Borneo ; Java. jErp. 42-56 mil) i in. Genus DACTYLORHYNCHA, nov. Type, D. pallida, Hmpsn. Range. Nilgiris. Palpi porrect arid very long, the 3rd joint short ; imtonnrp lon£ and with the branches long ; lo^s with the spurs lonur. 1 <>n> \\in.-1<>\\ upper angle; 7 from angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked. JHud \\ing with veins 3 and 4 from angle of cell ; 5 from above angle ; 0 and 7 stalked. 1052. Dactylorhyncha pallida, Hmpsn. 111. llct. viii, p. 5<;, pi. 140, fig. 10. d . Uniform pale silky grey-brown ; fore wing with some dark marginal marks below the apex ; branches of antennae dark. Fig. 320.—Dactylorhi/Jicha pallida, ffab. Nilgiris. K.cp. 28 millim. Genus EUPROCTIS. Euproctis, Hiibn. Verz. p. 159 (1818). Artaxa, Wlk. Cat.m, p. 794 (1855). Adlullia, Wlk. Cat, xxxii, p. 392 (180.-,). Chserotriclia, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 98, Erk. p. 3 (1874). Themaca, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 394 (186o). Bembina, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 505 (1865). EUPROCTIS. 471 Somena, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1734 (1855). Orvasca, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 502 (1865). Lopera, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 919 (1855). Gojrana, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1920 (1866). Antipha, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 806 (1855). Utidava, Wlk. Cat. xxvi, p. 1689 (1862). Arna, Wlk. Cat. v,p. 1176 (1855). Type, E. chrysorrlima, Linn., from Europe. Range. Palaearctic, African, Oriental and Australian regions. Palpi obliquely porrect, reaching beyond the frons ; antennae bipectinated in both sexes, the branches long in male, each with a spine to keep it in position with regard to the contiguous branch. Mid tibiae with one pair of long spurs, hind tibiae with two pairs ; female with a large anal tuft. Fore wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from, near angle of cell ; 6 from or from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 10 being given off towards apex. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked or from angle of cell ; 5 from above angle ; 6 and 7 stalked. A. Fore wincj ivliite,pale ochreous, yellow, grey, or blade, without, or ivith hardly a trace of, lines or bands. 1053. Euproctis negrita, n. sp. 3 . Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the anal tuft orange ; legs whitish. Wings black, with the bases white, in some specimens slightly, in others to the middle, except the costa of fore wing ; cilia sometimes white-tipped. $ . White, suffused with black, especially on outer area. Hab. Sikhirn (Matter). Exp., $ 33, $ 40 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 1054. Euproctis renomiuata. Charnidas uniformis, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 56, pi. 140, fig". 4 (pryeocc.). cJ . Head, thorax, and fore wing smoky grey-browTn ; the last with the costa and cilia paler. Abdomen and hind wing pale. Hob. Nilgiris. Exp. 36 millim. 1055. Euproctis divisa, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 836 ; C. # S. no. 938. Euproctis melanophila, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 349 ; C. # S. no. 945 (part.). Euproctis metamelana, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 349 ; C. 8f S. no. 949. Head and thorax pure white ; the branches of antennae and in some specimens the collar tinged with fulvous ; abdomen deep black, with orange anal tuft. Wings pure shining white, some specimens with scattered black scales on inner area of fore wiua. Hab. Sikhim ; Nagas. Krp., ., rf 36, $ 48 millim. 1058. Euproctis bimaculata, Wlk. Cat.\\, p. 836; J/m,/,, /,,/,. r,,//. ii, pi. 112, figs. 6, 6 a, b (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 93(5. Euproctis bigutta, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 837 ; C. Sf S. no. it: 5~>. Euproctis lutescens, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 837 ; C. $ S. no. 947. Euproctis immaculata, Moore, Tram. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 358 ; C. Sf S. no. 942. Euproctis celsa, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1915. d" Pure white, or in the form lutescens the head, thorax, and fore wing slightly tinged with ochreous ; a black spot at end of cell of fore wing, which is very large in the form smaller in biyutta, and entirely absent in the form i $ with the anal tuft golden orange. Larva purplish brown, with dorsal and lateral series of white- speckled tubercles bearing tufts of short brown hair. Hab. Philippines ; Sikhim ; Canara ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Mergui ; Andamans ; Java. Kcp., 3 38-48, $> 28-66 millim. 1059. Euproctis lunata, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 837 ; Butl. III. Het. v,pl. 89, fig. 9 ; Forsai/et/i, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, pi. 14, figs. 5 a-c (larva) ; C. Sf S. no. 946. c? . Pale bright ochreous ; fore wing with a large black lunule on discocellulars. 9 . Fore wing whitish ochreous ; the anal tuft brownish ochreous. EFPEOCTIS. 473 Larva brown, with anterior, posterior, and lateral tufts of long hair ; thoracic somites with dorsal quadrate white marks ; the third somite with paired dorsal tubercles ; fifth to anal somites with paired dorsal quadrate white marks. Spins a hairy cocoon on twigs. Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Bengal ; throughout 8. India and Ceylon. rf 34, $ 38 millim. 1060. Euproctis semisignata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 356 ; C.fyS. no. 927. Artaxa leithiana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 399, pi. 32, tig. 9 ; £ £ & no. 968. Artaxa citrina, Moore, A. M. N. H. (4) xx, p. 344 ; C. $ S. no. 907. Artaxa hrevivitta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 400, pi. 32, fig. 10 ; C. $ S. no. 905. Artaxa erecta, Moore, P. Z. S. '1879, p. 400, pi. 32. fig. 6 j C. 8f S. no. 910. Euproctis illanta, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 138. Artaxa howra, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 51 ; C. fy S. no. 912. tf . Yellowish white or pale bright ochreous ; fore wing with a smoky black spot at end of cell and a series of four spots from the lower angle to inner margin, any or all of which may be absent, or be conjoined into a band. 5 with the band slight and often ferruginous. Nab. Throughout the plains of India and Ceylon. JErp., <5 33-40, $ 40-52 millim. *1061. Euproctis venosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 50, pi. ii, fig. 5; C. $ S. no. 922. White ; the antennae, frons, palpi, fore legs, and anal tuft pale ochreous. Fore wing with subbasal, medial, and marginal yellow bands crossed by the white veins ; an interrupted ill-defined band of brown scales from the upper angle of cell to inner margin and a narrower submarginal band. Hob. Sikhirn. Exp. 38 milliin. 1062. Euproctis rhoda, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 138. Artaxa obsoleta, Hmpm. 111. Het. viii, p. 57, pi. 140, fig. 12. c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing bright orange-yello\v ; the last with some dark scales on inner basal area ; traces of an oblique antemedial line and more prominent postmedial band of scales excurved beyond end of cell, sometimes reduced to two conjoined spots below the angle of cell. The more heavily-marked and brighter form rhoda has a black spot at end of cell of fore wing, which is absent in the paler obsoleta, though present in another pale form. Hob. N. Kanara ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 26-32 millim. 474 1063. Euproctis inconcisa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. .*r>:> : a ,S- S. no. 918. Artaxa dispersa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 50, pi. ii, tig. 6 ; C. $ S. no. 909. Head and thorax pale yellow; abdomen black, the anal tuft orange. Fore wing pale lemon-yellow, irrorated with black si-ales forming very indistinct antemedial, medial, aiid postmedial bands. Hind wing white, the cilia ochreous. Nab. JSikhim. Kq*., 6 36, $. 48 millim. 1064. Euproctis sulphur escens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 399 j Butt. III. Net. vii, p. 35, pi. 123, i\^. »',. 7. cJ . Ochreous white or bright ochreous ; abdomen black, the anal tuft orange; fore wing with very slight traces of a medial band towards inner margin ; hind wing paler. £ with the abdomen ochreous. Hal. Kangra. Kq>., J 38-45, £ 48 millim. 1065. Euproctis fulvipuncta, IImp*n. Hi Jlct. ix, im-d., pi. 1 •">'.>. liirs -2. s. j.l. 170, iig. 14 (larva). cJ. Pure white, the branches of antenna' pale brown ; i'ore wing with an orange spot at end of cell and one or i wo subapical orange spots. $ with orange anal tuft. Larva deep blue-black ; a narrow grey spiraeular stripe ; the 1st somite with paired small lateral tubercles, each with atuft of black hairs; 2nd to llth somites with lateral tufts of white hairs ; the 2nd, 3rd, and 10th somites \\ith paired dorsal white bristle-; Itli to 9th somites each with four short brownish dorsal tufts ; Mh to llth with four orange tufts; the llth \\ith four mouse-brown tufts ; 8th and 9th with a small yellow dorsal tubercle. Hob. Ceylon. &q>., rf 26, $* 32 millim. B. Fore iviny white, with veil-defined lines. 1066. Euproctis postincisa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 400, pi. 32, fig. 5 ; C. $ S. no. 951. <5. Pure white ; fore leu;s and tarsi of mid legs blackish. Fore wino- with a nearly straight black medial line not reaching the costa and a black streak beyond it above vein 1. Hal). Sikhiin. Kfj>. 134 millim. *1067. Euproctis semivitta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 48, pi. ii, fig. 2/5; C. $ S. no. 953. d1 . White ; thorax pale ochreous ; abdomen ochreous white, slightly banded with black ; anal tuft bright ochreous ; antenna? pale brown ; second joint of palpi black ; fore legs ochreous in front. Fore wing with a medial band of black scales from the subcostal nervure to inner margin ; a few black scales on inner margin on each side of the band. Hfib. Khasis. Eyp. 30 millim. EUPEOCTIS. 475 1068. Euproctis bifascia, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 58, pi. 141, fig. 8. 2 . Pure white ; fore wing with antemedial and submarginal slightly waved lines composed of short orange streaks. Hob. Nilgiri plateau. Exp. 42 millim. C. Fore wing orange-yellow (rarely broivnishj, with ante- and post- medial pale lines which may be almost obsolete. a. Fore wing with no submarginal black apots. 1069. Euproctis flavinata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 331. 3 . Head, thorax, and fore wing bright orange-yellow ; the last with an orange spot at end of cell, and indistinct ante- and post- medial pale curved lines, furthest apart towards costa, the area between them powdered with dark scales — these markings being always very indistinct and often almost obsolete. Abdomen and hind wing paler. 5 with the anal tuft brown. Hob. China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Borneo. Exp., c? 28, $ 38-44 millim. 1070. Euproctis varians, Wlk. Cat. in, p. 796 ; C. fy S. no. 921. Artaxa pusilla, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 86, pi. 112, tig. 4 ; C. Sf S. no. 917. Euproctis pygmsea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 48 (nee Wlk.}. cJ . Differs from flavinata in its small size; the two pale lines of the fore wing more prominent, but with no dark powdering between them ; the orange cell-spot generally absent. £ . Paler and without markings. Hob. China ; Formosa ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. d 18-22, $ 18-29 millim. 1071. Euproctis subfuscula, Hmpsn. III. Net. viii, p. 56, pi. 140, figs. 5, 11. Differs from flavinata in being more or less suffused with brown, or generally uniform reddish brown ; fore wing with the cell-spot and lines indistinct ; hind wing not paler. Underside of fore wing with the costa tinged with fuscous in male. Hab. Nilgiris. Exp., <3 38, $ 46 millim. 1072. Euproctis cervina, Moore, A. M. N. H. (4) xx, p. 345 ; id. Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 1 12, fig. 3 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, pi. 158, fig. 16 ( $ ) ; C.'fy S. no. 906. c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing brownish fulvous, the last 476 with medial and postmedial pale lines, the former exeurved at discocellulars, the latter evenly curved. Abdomen and hind wing fuscous ; cilia of both wings yellow. £. Head orange-yellow; thorax, abdomen, and wings pair ochreous white, with a slight fuscous tinge, the margin of wings yellow ; fore wing without pale lines. The Kashmir form in the male has the fore wing darker, with the pale lines less prominent ; the hind wing dark fuscous as com- pared with the typical Ceylon form. Hab. Kashmir; Ceylon. Rrp., rf 26, $ 30 millim. 1073. Euproctis anguligera, Eutl. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 385. c?. Head and thorax bright yellow; abdomen slightly tinged with fuscous, the anal tuft orange. Fore wing bright canary- yellow ; abroad medial dark-speckled band with pale edges, its outer edge angled at vein 3 ; dark spots beyond it near out IT angle and above vein 3. Hind wing paler. Hab. Murree; Burma; Andamans. Exp. 28-32 millim. 1074. Euproctis arenacea, n. sp. <5 . Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish ochreous. Fore \\ injj pale yellow, irrorated with dark scales ; the ante- and postmedial pale lines indistinct, the former with a broad diffused dark hand preceding it; the latter with a large dark patch beyond it on the costa and slightly outlined with dark scales. Hind wing pale yellow. Hab. Sikbim (Molltr). E.rp. 22 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. b. Fore wing with submarginal black spots. 1075. Euproctis vitellina, AW/. l£H 40. Artaxa princeps, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 331 ; C. $ S. no. 916. Themaca comparata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 395; C. $ S. no. 901. d" . Bright orange-yellow ; fore wing with a medial pale-edged band of dark scales, which bifurcates at the lower angle of cell and does not reach the costa ; one or two submarginal black spots towards apex, which are almost obsolete in some specimens. Hind wing paler. $ with the anal tuft ochreous. Larva dull black ; an imperfect dorsal series of white dots, and a few scattered lateral dots ; each somite with eight small rust-red tubercles bearing white hairs. Hab. N.W. Himalayas. Exp., 3 38, $ 54 millim. EUPEOCTIS. 477 1076. Euproctis digramma, Guer., Cuv. Icon. R. Anim., Ins. p. 508, pi. 86, fig. 4 ; C.&S. no. 908 (part.). Artaxa unimacula, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1879, p. 399 ; C. $ S. no. 920. Head, thorax, and fore wings bright orange-yellow ; abdomen more or less tinged with fuscous, the anal tuft orange ; fore wing with ante- and postmedial curved \\\>x pale lines, the space between Fig. 321.— Euproctis digramma, <$ . \. them being slightly powdered with dark scales towards inner margin ; two prominent subapical black spots. Hind wing paler. The form unimacula has only one subapical spot to fore wing. Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java. Encp , c? 25-34, ? 40 millim. 1077. Euproctis guttata, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 795. Artaxa digramma, Moore, Lep. Ctyl. ii, pi. 112, figs. 1, 1 a • C. 8f S. no. 908 (part.), nee Bombyx digramma, Guer. Artaxa pelona, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 138. Differs from digramma in having no fuscous on abdomen ; the fore wing with an orange spot at end of cell, and an additional black spot towards outer angle. Some specimens have the two pale lines of the fore wing more or less outlined with red-brown or fuscous, and the space between them filled in with fuscous. The submarginal black spots are occasionally almost or completely obsolete. Larva black, the head chestnut ; long anterior and short lateral tufts of grey hair ; the thoracic somites with dorsal grey tufts ; the others with dorsal tufts of short brown hair. Hat>. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma Exp., $ 30, $ 40 millim. 1078. Euproctis fratema, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 85 ; Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, pi. 176, fig. 2 (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 911. c? . Differs from guttata in its smaller size, and the fore wing being shorter and squarer. $ sometimes with an almost complete submarginal series of black spots to fore wing. Larva. Head crimson ; body black ; the 1st somite with long lateral tufts of black hair rising from prominent tubercles ; the other somites with dorsal and lateral tut'ts of white hair ; subdorsal pale lines; 9th and 10th somites with white dorsal spots; llth somite with a dorsal black tuft. Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp., tf 24, 30-38 millirn. 478 LYMANTBI1D.E. 1079. Euproctis apicalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 505; Moore, L. ('<•>//. ii. pi. Ill, fig. 5, £ ; Hmpsn. III. Ret. ix, pi. 159, fig. 1, <$ , pi. 1 7">, tig. 11 (larva) ; C. % S. no. 1087. J . Head, thorax, abdomen, and wings fulvous yellow. Fore wing with ante- and postmedial indistinct pale waved lines, \\ ith diffused red-brown scales on their edges; one subapical whitf- ringed black spot, and another towards outer angle. 2 . Head, thorax, and anal tuft dirty grey ; abdomen orange ; fore wing bright orange-red, the lines indistinct and without dark edges ; two black specks towards apex and two near anal angle ; hind wing orange. Larva black; the head scarlet ; long anterior and posterior tufts of black hair; each somite with lateral tut'is <.t' \vhitr hair i-urvrd upwards over the back ; white bands on 1st and 2nd somites, and dorsal spots on 9th and 10th. Hub. Newera Ellia, Ceylon. Kvp., <$ 40, $ 33 millim. 1080. Euproctis antiphates, n. sp. ^ . Head, thorax, and abdomen brown, the anal tuft yellow. Fore wing brownish grey, more or less suffused with bro\\ n ; the ante- and postmedial pale lines outlined with l>n>\\n : a dark >j»ot at end of cell sometimes nearly obsolete ; the outer niva t'nnn the postmedial line deeply suffused with brown; a submarginal >»'rii-s of dark lunules outlined with grey, lliml \viii'_r l>ro\\ ni-li whii«\ the veins darker, a dark spot at end of cell and diffused posting lial band. Unh. \;i-a Hills, 2000 feet (Doherty). E*p. iM millim. Type in coll. Elwes. . Euproctis COStalis, ll'lk. C., d1 24, $ 30 millim. EUPROCTIS. 479 1082. Euproctis antica, Wlk. Cat. iv, p.- 802 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 110, fig. 3 ; C.&S. no. 1039. Anaxila notata, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 919. c? . Differs from costalis in its larger size ; the fore wing wholi y suffused with brown ; the oblique stripe less prominent, the sub- marginal series of spots more so. $ like costalis, but larger. Hob. Ceylon. Exp., $ 34, $ 38 millim. D. Fore iving with diffused red-brown or vinous-brown bands, ivJiich may occupy the ivhole iviny except a discal patch. a. Fore wing with no submarginal black spots. 1083. Euproctis plana, Wlk. Cat. vii,p. 1731 ; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 89, fig. 13 5 id. III. Het. vii, pi. 138, fig. 5 (larva) ; C.&8. no. 971. Euproctis discinota, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 601 ; C. fy S. no. 937. Chaerotricha immaculata, Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 89, fig. 14 ; C. fy S. no. 907. Euproctis muelleri, Snell. Tijd. v. JEnt. xx, 1877, p. 13. cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous. Pore wing bright orange-yellow, usually slightly powdered with black scales ; a ferruginous band from near base of costa to middle of median nervure, then straight to inner margin ; a postmedial band excurved beyond end of cell ; a black spot at end of cell ; long black hairs on inner margin. Hind wing paler. $ with the bands nearly obsolete, the black spot being also absent in the specimen named immaculata. Larva dark brown, marbled with red-brown ; a series of deep red lateral tubercles bearing short white processes and tufts of white hair ; small dorsal tubercles on thoracic somites bearing tufts of white hair ; fourth to anal somite with dorsal tubercles bearing short silky-brown tufts. Hab. Kangra ; Sikhini ; Burma ; Andamans. Exp., 3 44-54, $ 60-72 millim. 1084. Euproctis icilia, Stoll, Cram. Pap. Exot. v, p. 158, pi. 35, fig. 5 ; C. 8f S. no. 941. Chaerotricha decussata, Moore, A. M. N. II. (4) xx, p. 345 ; id. Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 113, figs. 2, 2 6 (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 966. Differs from plana in the whole base of the fore wing being purplish brown, and often conjoined to the broad postmedial band below the cell. Larva purplish brown, tufted with short grey hair, and marked with numerous irregular reddish lines ; pale speckled dorsal tuber- cles on 4th, 5th, and llth somites connected by a chain-like band ; thoracic somites with a black dorsal line. Hab. N.W. Himalayas and throughout S. India and Ceylon. cJ 38-48, $ 54 millim. 480 LYMANTRIID.E. 1085. Euproctis plagiata, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 858 ; C. fy S. no. 970. £ . Differs from icilia in the basal purple-brown area of the fore wing being joined to the postmedial band at the costal as well as inner area, leaving a patch at lower angle of cell and the outer margin yellow ; no black spot at end of cell. Hub. Nepal. Rep. 60 millim. 1086. Euproctis madana, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 348 ; C. fy S. no. 948. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow. Fore wing yellow, with the basal area brown, running out to a point on the median nervure ; a black spot at end of cell ; a postmedial band excurved beyond cell, widest at costa, and sending a spur to outer margin between veins 5 and 6. Hind wing pale. Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 64 millim. ] 087. Euproctis varia, 717*. Cat. iv, p. 840 ; Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. pi. 9 a, fig. 5 ; C. $ S. no. 974. Differs from plana in the abdomen being black above, the anal tuft orange. Fore wing with a red-brown spot near base; a black spot at end of cell; an irregular oblique postmrdial rrd- brown band irrorated with dark scales, becoming very much \\idn- from lower angle of cell to inner margin. A variety from Sikhim has the whole outer area of the fore wing red-brown, and the hind wing tinged with rufous. Hab. Simla; Sikhim ; Nugas ; Mergui. Erp^ rf 46, $58 millim. 1088. Euproctis flavimaculata, n. sp. $ . Head and thorax reddish brown ; abdomen fuscous, the anal segment orange. Fore wing uniform vinous brown, irrorait • : C. $ S. no. 972. Differs from plagiata in having the abdomen black above, except the anal segment and tuft which are orange. Fore wing with the red-brown suffusion darker and better denned from the yellow marginal area, which bears a series of eight black spots. The form quadrangularis has one subapical and two medial spots of the series absent ; the hind wing paler. Hab. Sikhim. Exp., rf 46, $ 60 millim. EUPEOCTIS, 481 E. Fore wing suffused with vinous of olive-brown and with two pale lines. a. Fore wing without submarginal Hack spots. 1090. Euproctis albopunctata, n. sp. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen rufous brown, the anal tuft yellow. Fore wing vinous brown, irrorated with dark scales ; an antemedial, curved, pale line and postmedial line much excurved beyond end of cell ; a broken series of marginal white spots ; cilia white and brown. Hind wing pale fuscous, with an irregular pale margin and brown marginal line ; cilia whitish. Hob. ISikhim. Exp. 52 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 1091. Euproctis albodentata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 401 j C. # S. no. 959. Differs from albopunctata in the head, thorax, and abdomen being brownish white. Fore wing suffused with olive-brown, the veins arid margins pale ; the pale lines more angled and approaching each other towards inner margin ; a complete marginal series of triangular white marks. Hind wing pale ochreous fuscous, the marginal area whitish. Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Burma. Exp. 45 millim. 1092. Euproctis lativitta, Moore, Lep. Atk, p. 49, pi. ii, tig. 18 ; C. Sf S. no. 961. $ . Head and thorax whitish, the branches of antennaa brown ; abdomen blackish, the anal tuft ochreous. Fore wing with the outer margin slightly angled at vein 5 ; whitish, slightly irrorated with ochreous and dark scales, especially between the white bands which approach each other towards inner margin, and near centre of outer margin ; a black luiiule at end of cell. Hind wing white, slightly irrorated with dark scales, especially on the disk. Hab. Sikhim ; Naga Hills. Exp. 52 millira. 1093. Euproctis variegata, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 56, pi. 140, fig. 6. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous. Fore wing ochreous white, irrorated with dark brown scales ; the pale ante- and postmedial Hues indistinct ; a conspicuous orange spot at end of cell edged with dark scales some whitish marks beyond the postmedial line. Hind wing pale ochreous. Hab. Nilgiris. Exp. 38 millim. 1094. Euproctis nigripennis, n. sp. ^ . Head and thorax fulvous ; abdomen black, with orange anal tuft. Fore wing fulvous yellow, irrorated with black scales the VOL. I. 2 I 482 ante- and postmedial pale lines waved, the latter excurved beyond the cell, the space between them and the apical area suffused with black, except the veins ; a submarginal, pale, waved line. Hind wing deep black, with a broad, marginal, fulvous-yellow band. $ paler ; abdomen with a large fulvous anal tuft ; hind wing with broad pale fawn border. Hob. Sikhim. Exp., <$ 42, £ 55 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. 1095. Euproctis abjecta, Swinh. P. Z. 8. 1889, p. 405, pi. 43, fig. 13. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown, the anal tuft orange. Fore wing vinous brown, irrorated with dark scales; the ante- medial line angled on the median nervure, the postmedial line ex- curved beyond end of cell. Hind wing brownish ochreous. Hal. Lower Sind. Exp., rf 24, $ 30 millim. *1096. Euproctis rana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 806 ; C. $ S. no. 952. c? . Yellow ; antennae and abdomen brown. Fore wing with the basal two-thirds irrorated with dark scales and sending an elbowed spur to the centre of outer margin, below \\hich th<> wing is whitish ; ante- and postmedial pale lines. Hind wing with the inner area suffused with brown. Nab. Sylhet. Exp. 63 millim. b. Fore wing with submarginal black spots. 1097. Euproctis bipartita, Moon; I.cp. Atk. p. 49, pi. ii, tig. 4 ; C. $ S. no. 965. $. Head, thorax, and abdomen fulvous brown, the anal tuft fulvous. Fore wing reddish brown, irrorated \\ith dark scales; the ante- and postmedial lines exeunt <1 in and beyond the cell; some specimens with a black speck in the cell ; the apex and a narrow marginal line yellow; one subapical black spot. Hind wing yellow, often slightly suffused with brown, except the marginal area. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 52 millim. F. Fore wing uniform brown or purplish brown, irrorated with dark scales, the outer margin yellow, but no yellow on disk. a. Fore wing without submarginal black spots. 1098. Euproctis sagroides, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 57, pi. 140, fig. 14. S . Uniform yellowish brown; the cilia yellow. Hob. Nilgiris. Exp. 22 millim. EUPEOOTIS. 483 1099. Euproctis uniformis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 49 ; C. $ 8. no. 973. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen brown ; anal tuft orange. .Fore wing vinous brown, irrorated with dark scales ; the cilia yellow. Hind wing fuscous brown, with a broad, marginal, yellow band. Hob. Sikhim ; E. Pegu. Exp. 57 millim. 1100. Euproctis luteifascia, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 57, pi. 141, fig. 2. c? . Head yellow ; thorax brownish ochreous. Fore wing vinous brown, irrorated with dark scales; an antemedial, orange-red, maculate line ; cilia yellow. Abdomen, hind wing, and underside yellow. Hob. Nilgiris. Exp. 36 millim. 1101. Euproctis scintillans, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1734; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 90, fig. 1 ; C. # S. no. 924. Orvasca subnotata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 502 ; C. $ S. no. 925. Artaxa limbata, Butl. III. Het. v, p. 53, pi. 90, fig. 3 ; C. # S. no. 915. Somena irrorata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 87 ; C. fy S. no. 923. Artaxa justicise, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 352; C. $ S. no. 914. Head yellow ; thorax brown ; abdomen black or yellow, the anal tuft orange. Fore wing vinous brown, irrorated with dark scales, which colour extends as two spurs across the yellow marginal area below the apex and to centre of margin, but sometimes not reaching the margin ; costa often yellow. Hind wing yellow, or in some specimens fuscous brown, with a broad yellow margin. Larva dark brown, with a series of crimson lateral tubercles on a yellow line bearing tufts of grey hair ; the 3rd somite banded with yellow ; dorsal tufts of short brown hair on 4th, 5th, and llth somites ; 5th to 10th somites with a broad, dorsal, yellow stripe ; a yellow spot on anal somite. Another form of the larva has the anterior and posterior somites slate-colour, whilst a third form has the dorsal tufts black ; a series of subdorsal, white-speckled, black spots, and no red tubercles on the lateral line. Hob. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Burma ; Andamans. Exp., 3 20-26, 2 32-38 millim. *1102. Euproctis basalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 51, pi. ii, fig. 16 ; C. # S. no. 904. ^ . Head, thorax, and palpi yellow ; abdomen and legs whitish. Fore wing with the basal two-thirds red-brown, its outer edge oblique and angled outwards at the middle, and with a spot beyond the angle on the marginal yellow area. Hind wing and underside whitish. Hob. Sikhim. Evp. 32 millim. 2i2 484 I. \ MAM Kill). I. b. Fore winy with tvbmarginal Hack 1103. Euproctis bipunctapex, Hmpm. III. lid. viii, p. 57, pi. 140, fig. 13. Head, thorax, and abdomeu red-brown, the anal tuft brownish yellow. Fore wing red-brown, irrorated with dark scales: the marginal area yellow, with a spur from the brown area to the cent re of outer margin ; two subapical black spots. Hind wing brown, with a broad, marginal, yellow band. In some specimens a brown spot at the end of the cell of the fore wing is visible, and a male from the JS'iiga Hills has only one subapical spot. Hub. China; Ktingra ; Nagas; Nilgiris; Burma. EA-J>.. 26-40 millim. 1104. Euproctis atomaria, 7f7/,. Cat. iv, p. 706; Buti. Ill Hot. v, pi. 90, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. <«K)3. Arna apicalis, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1177 ; C. $ S. no. JKL'. Differs from bipv.m-infn:c in being deeper red-brown, with the marginal yellow band of fore wing narrower, and in the hind winu reduced to a fine line. Larva olive-green, -par-fly clothed with line hair: a broad, dorsal, reddish baud with a tine black line on it : black dorsal tubercles on 4th, 5th. and 1 1th somites. I lab. Moulmein; Ceylon. £17)., rf 28-30, $ 38 millim. 1105. Euproctis magna, .sv/w/*. TV.///*. Knt. Soc. 1801, p. 17:>. $. Head and thorax greyish fuscous; abdomen brownish, the anal tuft brownish ochreous. AVings purplish grey: tore wing irrorated wit li dark si-ales; one subapical black >]><>! : the margin and cilia yellow. Hind wing with the outer margin paler. A specimen from Burma ha- two subapical black spots and only the cilia yellow. Nab. Khiisis ; Bernardmyo. Exp. 64 millim. Genus PORTHESIA. Porthesia, Steph. 111. Brit. Ent., Haust. ii, p. 65 (18:29). Type, P. auriflua, Hiibn., from Europe. Range. Europe; Africa; Madagascar; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java; Australia; Tasmania; Christmas Island. Palpi long, slender, and obliquely pointed ; antenna) with the branches long in male. Fore wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle POETHESIA. 485 of cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 10 and often 7 also being given off towards apex. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from angle of cell ; 5 absent ; 6 and 7 stalked. 1106. Porthesia xanthorrhcea, Kott. HuyeVs Kaschmir, iv. p. 470; C. $ S. no. 958. Euproctis subdita, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 400 ; id. Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 112, figs. 5, 5a ; C. $ S. no. 930. Euproctis virguncula, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 836 ; Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. pi. 16, figs. 3, 3 a (larva) ; C. 8? 8. no. 932. Euproctis marginalia, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1731 j Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 89, fig. 12 ; C.$ S. no. 929. Euproctis subnigra, Moore, Lep.Atk. p. 48 ; C. $ S. no. 931. Euproctis flavonigra, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 400, pi. 32, fig. 11 ; C. fy S. no. 939. c? . White, with a very slight fuscous tinge ; the branches of antennae brownish ; anal tuft orange ; the whole apical and outer areas of hind wing on upper- side, and the underside of both wings, except the outer margin, suffused with black. In the form viryuncula the only trace of black suffusion on Fig. 322. either wing is on the underside of Porthesia xantharrhasa, rf. T- costa of f ore wing ; in flavonigra the fore wing is bright ochreous, the hind wing black with the base white, the cilia ochreous ; all the intermediate stages occurring. $ without any black suffusion. Larva black ; head striped with white ; 1st somite with a crimson band ; a dorsal series of yellow spots with a crimson line through them on 2nd, 3rd, and 6th to 10th somites ; 1st somite with long forvvardly-projecting tufts of black hair ; the other somites with shorter tufts. Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java. Exp., tf 28, $ 37 millim. 1107. Porthesia aurantiaca, n. sp. c? . Head and legs orange ; thorax dark red-brown ; abdomen blackish. Fore wing with the basal two-thirds bright orange ; the outer third dark red-brown. Hind wing bright orange ; the cilia tinged with red-brown, especially towards apex. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 24 millim. Type in coll. Moore. 486 LYMANTEIID.E. Genus PERINA. Perina, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 966 (1855). Type, P. nuda, Fabr. Range. China ; and throughout India and Ceylon. 3 . Palpi extremely minute ; antennae with the branches long. Mid and hind tibiae with minute terminal pairs of spurs. Fore wing with the outer margin extremely oblique ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 on a short stalk ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked, 7 and 10 being given off towards apex. Hind wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 stalked ; 6 absent. 2 • Antennae with the branches shorter ; fore wing with the outer margin not so oblique. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 from angle of cell ; 6 present and stalked with 7. 1108. Perina nuda, Fabr. M ant. Ing. ii, p. 117; Moore, !>;>. Ctyl. ii, pi. 114, fiff8. 1, la, 6 (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 867. Stilpnotia subtincta, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 843. Perina basalis, «'//,-. Cat. iv, )» Euproctis combinata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. :J7 rf . Head and legs orange ; antennae black ; thorax grey and brown ; abomen brown, the seg- ments fringed with white ; ;m;il tuft orange. Foro wing hyaline, with a patch of brown scales on inner basal area. Hind \vin.i; dark brown, with the apical aivu hyaline. $> . Pale ochreous ; the anal tuft orange ; fore wing irrorated with brown scales below the cell. Ldrvd givyixh uiven, with short dorsal tufts of black hair and long anterior and posterior tufts ; lateral tufts of grey and black hair ; a dark sap-green dorsal band broken by a white line on thoracic somites and with red spots on its edge; 5th to llth somites with subdorsal blue tubercles. Pupa greenish; all the somites, except the two medial, red- brown below with paired black spots. Hab. China and throughout India and Ceylon. Exp., rf 38, $ 50 millim. 1109. Perina pura, Wlk. Char, undew. H,-t. p. 17. cj1 . Differs from nuda in the head, thorax, and abdomen being whitish ; the scaled areas of wings white, suffused with fuscous. $ . Much whiter than in nuda. ffab. » N. India/' K.vp., 3 30, $ 40 millim. Fig. 323.— Perina nuda. \. LETJCOMA. 487 Genus LEUCOMA. Leucoma, Steph. Ill Brit. Ent., Haust. ii, p. 64 (1829). Redoa, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 826 (1855). Kanchia, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 92 (1883). Type, L. vavr-mgra, Linn., from Europe. Range. Palaearctic, Ethiopian, and Oriental regions; New Britian ; New Ireland. Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head. Antennae bipectinated in both sexes, the branches longer in male than female. Hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 5 from above angle ; 6 and 7 stalked or from cell. SECT. I. (Leucoma}. Fore wing with vein 10 from the cell. 1110. Leucoma comma, Hutton, Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) ii, 1864, p. 330: C. £ 8. no. 1108. Redoa cygna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 401 ; C. Sf S. no. 1049. <$ . Pure glistening white ; irons, palpi, and coxae of fore legs Fig. 324. — Leucoma comma, <$ . |. orange ; fore and mid tibiae with a black spot. Fore wing with a black lunule on discocellulars ; branches of antennae brownish. Hob. Dehra Dun ; Nilgiris. Exp. 42 millim. SECT. II. (Redoa). Fore wing with vein 10 anastomosing slightly with 8 and 9 to form an areole. 1111. Leucoma submarginata, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 826; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 89, fig. 3 ; Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. pi. 14, figs. 11, 11 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 1055. Pure white ; palpi brownish ; two brown spots on frons, and a brown band between the antennae, which have the branches brownish ; legs spotted with black. Fore wing irrorated with silvery scales ; a black speck at end of cell ; costa ochreous towards apex ; the wing-membrane slightly corrugated on outer area ; cilia of both wings more or less tinged with fuscous. Larva pale fuscous, with long, scattered, simple, and spatulate hairs; a dorsal tuft of long black hairs from the second somite; 488 LYMANTEIID^. subdorsal and sublateral black lines ; the first and second somites banded with black in front ; the second somite with a yellow band also. Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, Burma, and Java. Exp., 3 42, 50 millim. 1112. Leucoma flavescens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 600 ; C. # S. no. 1052. Redoa sericea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 600 ; C. Sf S. no. 1054. c?. Differs from submarc/inata in the whole frons being dark : the wings whiter and evenly irrorated with silvery scales ; the outer area of fore wing with slight indications of corrugations. The form flavescens is yellowish, whilst sericea is pure white, with the costa of fore wing yellowish. Hob. Andamans. Kvp. 34 millim. 1113. Leucoma divisa, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 836 ; C. $ S. no. <>•> Redoa perfecta, Wlk. Joinn. Linn. .W. vi, p. 128. Redoa lactea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 46; C. $ S. no. 10-V;. Redoa cymbicornis, BuU. III. Het. v, p. 48, pi. 89, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 1050. Redoa nigricilia, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 478. Penora silhetica, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. Ji41 ; C. $ S. no. 1006. Palpi and frons slightly fuscous. Antenna witli the brand n«s pale ochreous ; legs white, the fore legs sometimes spotted \\ith black, and the tarsi sometimes ringed with fuscous. AVin^s clothed with silvery and white scales, which drop off, except in quite fresh specimens, leaving the wings quite hyaline, except for a few hair-like scales. Hob. Sikhim ; Borneo. Kvp.t <$ 40-50, $> 50-70 millim. 1114. Leucoma diaphana, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 46; C. $ S. no. 1051. d . Differs from divisa in the frons and costa of fore winij being orange ; the branches of antennae and legs tinged with orange. Wings diaphanous, with a few hair-like scale*. In the specimen from Burma patches of scales remain at the upper and lower angles of cell of both wings. Jfab. Sikhim; Bernardmyo, Burma. A' . The frons, costa, and apex of fore wing tinged with fuscous in some specimens. Hob. Sikhim ; Naga Hills ; Momeit, Burma. Exp., rf 40, $ 50 millim. 1122. Caviria rinaria, Moore, Lep. E. 1. Co. p. am Redoa dica, Siuinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 478. ^ . Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; shaft of antennae chequered brown and white, the branches brownish ; legs marked with brown. Fore wing silvery white, with three very oblique crenulated bands on outer half of wing, the middle band with an indistinct brown line on it ; two indistinct subapical specks ; costa brown ; tips of cilia brown. Hind wing white ; the tips of cilia brown at middle. CAYIETA. — DEKDBOPHLEPS. 491 $ with the antennae white. Hob. Khasis ; Java. Eccp., 3 42, $ 60 millim. SECT. III. Tore wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked. *1123. Caviria costalis, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 46, pi. ii, fig. 21 ; C. $ S. no. 1078. c? . Pure silky white. Fore wing with the costal edge black and folded over near apex ; the base slightly tinged with ochreous ; the veins raised above the surface. Body ochreous white ; an- tennaB with the branches ochreous ; palpi at sides and head^ below, black ; fore legs black above. Hob. Sikhim. Eccp. 50 millim. Genus DENDROPHLEPS, nov. Type, D. semihyalina, Hmpsn. Range. Khasis. Palpi short and porrect. Antenna with the branches of mode- rate length. Hind tibia3 with one pair of spurs. Fore wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 stalked ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with vein 3 from close to angle of cell ; 4 and 5 stalked ; 6 and 7 stalked and bent ; the cell long ; three or four veinlets between vein 1 a and inner margin. 1124. Dendrophleps semihyalina, n. sp. J. Head, thorax, and abdomen white; branches of antenna} Fig. 326. — Dendrophleps semihyalina, $ . }. black ; vertex of thorax with three black spots ; abdomen with dorsal black bands. Fore wing hyaline ; a white patch on basal inner area. Hind wing with the costal half hyaline ; the inner half white. Hob. Khasi Hills (Hamilton). Exp. 52 millim. Type in coll. Swinhoe. 492 Genus CISPIA. Cispia, Wlk. Cat. iv, p. 867 (1855). Caltura, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 401. Type, 0. punctifascia, Wlk. Range. Sikhim ; Bhutan ; Assam : Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Palpi porrect, the 2nd joint long and fringed with hair, the 3rd minute ; or the palpi rarely minute. Antennae bipectinate in both sexes, the branches long. Fore wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from close to angle of cell : 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 1 0 stalked, 1 0 being given off from nearer the cell or from the same point as 7. Hind wing with vein 3 from before angle, 5 from above it. SECT. I. Hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from cell. 1125. Cispia punctifascia, Jf '//>•. Cat. iv, p. 867 ; Moore, L<>i>. ('<•>/(. ii, pi. 113, fig. 3; C. Sf S. no. 92(5. Head, thorax, and abdomen orange. Antennae black, the shaft white at sides ; collar, thorax, and tegulae black spotted ; abdomen Fig. 327. — Cispia, punctifascia, tf . J. with a lateral series of black spots ; legs marked with black. Fore wing brownish orange, the veins pale yellow ; two black subhas-il spots; an orange medial band edged by red-brown striga) in the interspaces, with a pale line outside them. Hind wing orange, with a curved postmedial maculate band from the costa to vein 2 on underside. Hob. Sikhim ; Bhutan ; Assam ; Ceylon. Exp., <$ 50, $ 70 millim. 1126. Cispia venosa, Wlk. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) i, 1862, p. 264 ; C. $ S. no. 928. Differs from punctifascia in being bright orange. Fore wing bright orange, the baud broader and the strigae edging it only slightly darker than the ground-colour. Underside of both wings with a fuscous maculate band, the apex of fore wing fuscous. Hal}. Sikhim. Exp. 70 millim. CISPIA. — RATARDA. 493 1127. Cispia alba, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 401 ; id. Lep.Ceyl ii, pi. 114, figs. 2, 2 a, b (larva) j C. $ S. no. 1085. White ; tegulae and thorax spotted with black. Abdomen with dorsal and lateral series of black spots. Wings seinidiaphanous. Fore wing with three black basal spots ; an angled antemedial line ; a black striga at upper angle of cell ; an oblique line from near apex to centre of inner margin ; both wings with a marginal series of black spots. Larva pale green, sparsely clothed with black and brown hair, the anterior and posterior tufts of hair long; the lateral tufts arising from three series of red tubercles ; some slender dorsal and lateral white lines ; a whitish spot in front of each dorsal tuft. Pupa bluish grey and hairy, with black lines on head and front, and strigae on the somites. Hob. Ceylon. Exp., $ 44, $ 66 millim. SECT. II. Hind tibiae with one pair of spurs. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from cell. 1128. Cispia puncticilia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 575 ; C. $ S. no. 3745. White ; the branches of antennas brownish ; legs streaked with black. Wings semidiaphauous. Fore wing with a black line along the basal half of costa : a spot at middle of cell, and six spots on cilia. Hind wing with a black apical spot on cilia. Hob. Nilgiris. Exp., 3 30, £ 34 millim. SECT. III. Hind tibiae without spurs. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 on a long stalk ; palpi minute. 1129. Cispia flavipes, n. sp. $> . Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; legs orange-yellow. Wings seinidiaphanous white. Fore wing with the basal three- fourths of costa black, the apical portion spotted with black ; both wings with a black spot on discocellulars and marginal series of spots. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 52 millim. Type in coll. Elwes. Genus RATARDA, Ratarda, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 392. Type, R. marmorata, Moore. Range. Sikhim. Palpi minute and porrect ; antennae bipectinate in male, serrate in female. Frenulum absent. Wings long and narrow. Fore wing with vein 1 c present ; the veins bent ; 3 from before angle of cell ; 5 from above angle ; 6 from middle of discocellulars ; 7 494 LTHAHTBUDJ1. absent ; 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with three internal veins ; 3 from before angle of cell, 5 from above angle ; 6 from below upper angle; a veinlet in the cell of both wings. 1130. Ratarda mannorata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 393, pi. 32, tig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 365. Head, thorax, and abdomen smoky black ; the legs yellowish. Fore wing black-brown, irrorated with white scales, and with a Fig. 328. — Ratarda niarmorata, 4 millim. Species formerly recorded as Jmiiim //•///<•/* art imutted. atoiiitirid, Wlk., C. & S. no. O.'U, is from Java. karijal'H-a, Moore, C. & S. no. 94."., is from Turkestan. larlid, .Moore, C. & S. no. 1M I. is from Turkestan. Euproctis tinctifera, Wlk., C. & S. no. 1)54. Type lost ; descrip- tion not recognizable. (•••misd Itiyuttn, Wlk., C. & S. no. M)3, is a Geometer. M nin-a venosa, Wlk., C. & S. no. 1007, is from America. Trisuloides catocalina, Moore, C. & S. no. 1081 = sericea, Butl., C. & S. no. 1082, is a Noctua. Trisuloides ccprulea, Butl. 111. Het. vii, p. 35, is a Noctua. Portlietria brotea, Cram., C. & S. no. 1024, is from Amboina. Lymantria lunata, Cram., C. & S. no. 1010, is from China and Amboina. Antlpha jMtmittt0iit,Wlk., C. & S. no. 1042. Type lost ; descrip- tion not recognizable. Antiplm striyulifera,W\k., C. & S. no. 1043. Type lost ; descrip- tion not recognizable. Trichia e&igua, Nietn., C. & S. no. 1080. Description not recognizable. HYPSlDJi. 495 Family HYPSID.E. Proboscis present. Palpi smoothly scaled ; the third joint long and naked. Legs smooth ; mid tibiae with one pair of spurs, hind tibiae with two pairs. Frenulum present. Fore wing with vein 1 a separate from 1 b ; 1 c absent ; 5 from near the lower angle of cell. Both sexes with the membrane above inner margin forming a cavity with a ridge above it, probably for producing stridulation by friction against a ridge of membrane below the costa of hind wing. Hind wing with veins 1 a and b present, 1 c absent ; 5 from near lower angle of cell ; 8 free from the base and connected by a bar with 7 at middle of cell. Larva with all the fore legs present, and sparsely covered with long hairs. Cocoon slight. Fig. 329. — Larva of Hypsa alciphron. i. (From Moore. Lep. Ceyl. ii. p. 102, fig. 1 b.) Key to the Genera. a. Fore wing with no areole, veins 6 and 7 stalked . 1. EUPLOCTA, p. 495. b. Fore wing with vein 7 from an areole. a'. Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching above [p. 496. vertex of head 2. PERIDBOME, b'. Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head. a2. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from angle of cell 3. HYPSA, p. 498. b2. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked 4. DIGAMA, p. 504. Genus EUPLOCIA. Euplocia, Siibn. Verz. p. 172 (1818). Type, E. membliaria, Cram. Range. Burma ; Siain ; Andamans ; Java ; Philippines. Palpi upturned ; the second joint reaching vertex of head, the third long and slender. Antennae minutely ciliated. Fore wing with a costal fold on upperside in male usually containing a glandular tuft of long hairs ; veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 and 9 stalked ; no areole. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from the angle of cell. 496 HTPSID.K. 1131. Euplocia membliaria, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, pi. 269 c, D ; C. # S. no. 513. Aganais renigera, Feld. Reis. Nov., Lep. pi. 106, fig. 2. Euplocia moderate, Butt. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1875, p. 327. Euplocia inconspicua, Bull. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1875, p. 328. c? . Head black and grey ; thorax and abdomen orange ; tegulae each with a black spot ; abdomen with a dorsal series of black Fig. 330.— Euplocia membliaria, <£. \. spots, some of which are often absent, the extremity white. Fore wing greyish fuscous ; discocellulars streaked with orange; tin* veins and interspaces towards outer margin stivaked with white ; cilia fuscous. Hind wing fuscous, the veins and interspaces with short white streaks towards outer margin ; cilia while. with the base of costa white, with five Mack *trigae; cell orange, with a black spot at centre and a large subquadrate fuscous spot towards extremity. The form reniyera, from Java, has the yellow band of female on discocellulars of fore wing small. In »i-"A /•/////, also from Java, tin- costal fold of the male is smaller, the diMOOellular band of female separated from the orange patch in cell ; tHOMWptMia, a^ain from Java, has in the male the costal fold very slight, the tuft of hair absent ; in the female the discocellular band absent. Hab. Moulinein ; Siain ; Andaiuans ; Java ; Philippines. 3 74, £ 77 inilliin. Genus PERIDROME. Peridrome, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 444 . Anagnia, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 446 (1854). Aganopis, Herr.-Schqffer, Samml. ausser. Schm. i, pp. 12,70 Eriocrypta, Herr.-Scha/er, t. c. pp. IL>, 70 (1855). Type, P. or6icuZam,"Wlk. Range. N. India ; Burma ; Andamans. Palpi upturned and long, the second joint reaching above vertex of head. Antenna) ciliated in male, almost simple in female. Fore wing with vein 6 from the angle of cell, 7 and 10 from the areole which is formed by the anastomosis of veins 8 and 9. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from the angle of cell. PERIDROME. 497 SECT. I. (Peridrome). Fore wing of male broad, the whole area except the base covered with downy scales, which are very long near the costa. 1132. Peridrome orbicnlaris, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 445 ; Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. pi. xiii, fig. 10 (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 512. Aganopsis subquadrata, Herr.-Schaffer, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. i, p. 12, fig. 501. Eriocrypta longipennis, Herr.-Schaffer^ t. c. p. 12. d1 • Head black and white ; thorax and abdomen orange ; collar and tegulae with paired black spots ; nietathorax fringed with white ; abdomen with three black dorsal spots and the extremity black. Fore wing with the basal area orange ; three black and white spots below the costa; three black spots below median nervure and two black and white spots on inner margin ; the outer two-thirds of wing brown covered with mouse-coloured hair, the veins and interspaces slightly streaked with white. Hind wing with the inner area orange ; a black patch in the cell ; the apical area yellowish white : a fuscous patch and spot at anal angle. Underside : body white marked with black ; the outer area of fore wing white. $ . Abdomen with a black dorsal spot on each segment. Fore wing with the basal orange patch large, irregular, and outlined with white ; two black spots in the cell, four below it, and two on inner margin ; the basal half of costa spotted with black and white ; the white streaks on veins and in interspaces more prominent. Hind wing orange, with two black spots in cell, one beyond and two towards anal angle ; a broad marginal black band with the veins crossing it white. Underside with the outer area of fore wing not white. Larva. Head and first somite reddish, the others black with sparse blue-black hairs ; broad yellowish-white intersomital bands which join a lateral line ; legs and pro-legs yellowish. Hob. Sikhim ; Assam ; Burma ; Andamans. Exp., <$ 74, $ 78 millim. SECT. II. (Anagnia). Antennae of male with a tuft of scales at middle ; fore wing narrower, with the apex not covered with down. Hind wing with a large glandular patch beyond the end of cell, which is short. 1133. Peridrome subfascia, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 446 ; C. $ S. no. 539. <3 . Differs from orbicularis in the fore wing having only one black spot on the orange patch ; the downy scales chestnut colour, the apex and outer margin fuscous ; the veins crossing it white. Hind wing with a black patch in the cell, the glandular tuft beyond brown ; the marginal area blackish crossed by the white veins ; no black spot towards anal angle. Underside with the outer area of fore wing not white. YOL. i. 2 K 498 HTPSID.I;. £ with the orange patch of fore wing not extending so far along inner margin. Fig. 331.— Peridrome subfascia, rf. \. Hob. Moulmein; Tenasserim. £r/>., rf 74, $ 80 millim. Genus HYPSA. Ilvpsa, Uiil.H. 1'trz. p. 172 (1818). Neochera. Hriln. t'n-z. p. 17:'.' 18J DarnnhX /////.//. JVr.:. p. 172(181* Lacides, //'//.-. C.it. ii. p. l-V! ( KVi). Philona, H7/,-. CW.H, p. U56| I -'.4). Agape, jfi-A/. /,v/x. ZVov. pi. cvi, fig. 4, p. i (1874). Type. //. iHotiiif/Hi, Cram. liange. Africa; throughout India, Ceylon, and Hunna ; .Alalayaa and tropical portions of Australian n-^inn. Palpi upturned, the second joint reaching vertex of head, the third slender and variable in length. Antennae fasciculated in male, ciliated in female. Fore winsj with vein 5 from the lower angle of cell or just above it; 6 from the upper angle or below it ; the areole short. Hind wing with vein 5 from just above lower angle of cell ; 6 and 7 from the upper angle. SECT. I. (Ilypsa). Antennae of male with the fasciculated cilia short. A. Palpi with the 3rd joint of moderate lent/tit. 1134. Hypsa marmorea, Wlk. Cat. \ii, p. 1074; Butl. 111. Hrt. v, pi. 87, figs. 10, 11 ; C. 8f S. no. 515. c? . Head black and grey ; thorax orange ; collar banded with black ; two black spots on each tegula and two on vertex ; abdomen orange-yellow, with one dorsal and two paired lateral series of black spots. Fore wing fuscous with a blue-green sheen; the veins white ; an orange patch at base with two black spots on its HYPSA. 499 edge. Hind wing fuscous with a blue-green sheen ; the veins and inner area white ; a patch of black scales at end of cell. Hob. Throughout N.E. India and Burma ; Java. Exp. 71-82 inillim. 1135. Hypsa butleri, Siririh. Lep. Het. Mus. Oxon. p. 84. Differs from marmorea in the head and thorax being more or less suffused with white ; one black spot on each tegula and only one on vertex of thorax. Eore wing with the ground-colour much paler. Hind wing white, with a black spot at end of cell, and a marginal series of detached blue-black spots. Underside with blue- green fasciae and bands. Hal. Moulmein ; Penang. Exp. 70 inillim. 1136. Hypsa dominia, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, pi. 203 A, B ; C. $ S. no. 514. Noctua chione, Fabr. Spec. Ins. ii, p. 213. Differs from butleri in the head, thorax, and base of abdomen being pure white. Fore wing pure white ; the basal black spots present, but no orange patch. Hind wing with the blue-green spots produced towards the base in the interspaces below the cell. Hob. Sikhiin ; Assam ; S. India ; Burma ; Java. Exp. 76 inillim. B. Palpi with the 3rd joint very long. 1137. Hypsa monycha, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 131 c (1779) ; C. # S. no. 521. Noctua dama, Fair. Spec. Ins. ii, p. 216 (1781). Bombyx silvandra, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv, pi. 3(39 D ; C. fy S. no. 525. Hypsa intacta, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 451. Hypsa dicta, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1875, p. 316. Hypsa zebrina, Butl. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 815. Aganais vitessoides, Snell. Tijd. v. Ent. xxii, 1879, p. 78. Hypsa nicobarica, Swinh. Lep. Mus. Oxon. p. 87. Hypsa venalba, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 598 : C. % S. no. 527. Hypsa semifusca, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) xix,' p. 220. Hypsa leuconeura, Butl. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 161. Head, thorax, and abdomen orange ; palpi with a black lateral stripe on second joint and the third joint black ; a black spot on tegulsD ; a dorsal series of black spots on abdomen often expanding into bands. Eore wing fuscous ; an indistinct basal orange patch often suffused with fuscous, with two basal black spots and three on its outer edge ; a broad white fascia from base to lower angle of cell ; subcostal, median, and submedian nervures sometimes slightlv streaked with white. Hind wing white, with a fuscous spot at end of cell ; a broad fuscous marginal band with irregular inner edge. The form silvandra has the white fascia of fore wing represented by a white spot at lower angle of cell and the marginal band of hind wing broad. In intacta from Java the fascia is narrow, in 2K 2 500 HTPSID^E. vitessoides from Java absent ; venalba, from the Andamans, has the fascia very broad and extending along vein 2 nearly to outer margin, a smaller spot at upper angle of cell ; dama, from Australia and the Solomons, has the fascia slight or absent, the spot at lower Fig. 33'2.—Hypsa monycha, angle of cell large ; semifusca^kuconeura, from the Solomons, has the marginal band of hind wing very broad. Hob. China ; Formosa ; N.E. India ; Burma ; Nicobars ; Java ; Amboina; Australia; Solomons. Kvp. 60 millini. 1138. Hypsa clavata, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1875, p. 317; C. $ S. no. 618. cf. Differs from monycha in the palpi having a black stripe. Fore wing with the veins below the costa stivaki-d \\itli white. Hind wing with a black spot in end of cell and two post- medial spots. J/ab. Hongkong ; Cachar ; Sylhet. Krp. 66 millim. 1139. Hypsa canaraica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 517. $ . Differs from clavata in being paler ; the middle black basal costal spot absent ; the white patch at end of cell large ; no fascia along median nervure. Hind wing with a black band connecting the postmedial spots. Ilab. Canara ; Nilgiris. Krp. 75 millim. 1140. Hypsa complana, Wlk. Cto.xxxi, p. 818, Hypsa persecta, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1875, p. 317; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 100, tijrs. 1, 1 a (larva) ; C. 8? S. no. 523. Hypsa lacteata, Butl. III. Het. v, p. 43, pi. 87, fig. 9 ; C. $ S. no. 520. Differs from clavata m the fore wing having a large white patch filling the lower half of cell and the w hole area below except inner margin, and extending to near outer margin, its upper edge with two dentitions, its outer edge irregular; a large white spot at upper angle of cell. Hind wing with the marginal band narrow ; an extra spot towards anal angle. HYPSA. 501 Larva. Head large ; sparsely hairy ; dark purple-brown, the thoracic somites pale red ; a narrow transverse yellow band on 4th to terminal somites. Hob. China; Sikhim; Assam; Orissa; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Ran- goon ; Singapore; Bouru; Timor. Exp., tf 60-70, $ 74 millim. 1141. Hypsa tortuosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 570, pi. 33, fig. 2; C. $ S. no. 516. c? . Differs from complana in the head and thorax being deeper orange ;. collar outlined with black ; tegulae with a black streak. Pore wing with the basal orange patch larger and deeper in colour with more black spots on it ; an exceedingly irregular white band from the costa to inner margin. Hind wing white, with a black spot at end of cell, a submarginal spot, and two towards anal angle ; a marginal series of eight spots. Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 72 millim. 1142. Hypsa heliconia, Linn, Syst. Nat. i, 2, p. 839 ; C. $ S. no. 519. Noctua paphos, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, 2, p. 18 ; C. $ S. no. 522. Differs from monycha in the basal orange patch of the fore wing being prominent but not extending to the costa, the black spots edged with white ; the veins streaked with white ; a white stripe along inner margin. Hind wing white, with a large black spot at end of cell, one beyond, and one below vein 2 ; a marginal black band, broad at apex and bent inwards between veins 1 b and 2, leaving a white spot on the margin. Hob. Sikhim ; Assam ; Burma ; Siam ; Singapore ; Borneo ; Ceram ; New Guinea. Exp. 68 millim. 1143. Hypsa subsimilis, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 212 ; C.&S. no. 526. Differs from monycha in having the ground-colour of the hind wing yellow. Hob. Tenasserim; Malacca; Singapore. Exp. 64 millim. 1144. Hypsa egens, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 453 ; Bull III. Het. v, pi. 87, tig-. 8 ; Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. pi. xiii, fig. 7 (larva) ; C. Sf S. no. 531. Hypsa nebulosa, Butl. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1875, p. 322 ; C. $ S. no. 533. Orange-yellow ; the head, thorax, and abdomen marked as in monycha. Fore wing with five black spots near the base ; the veins streaked with yellow. Larva brown ; numerous small dorsal wrarts from which arise sparse hairs ; large prominences on 4th and llth somites ; a sub- lateral dark line and lateral series of dark spots ; head reddish. Hob. Formosa ; throughout N.E. India and Burma ; Siam ; Singapore ; Philippines ; Borneo ; Java ; Celebes. Exp., <$ 46-64, $ 74 millim. 502 HYPSID.E. 1145. Hypsa andamana, Moore, P. Z. & 1877, p. 598, pi. 59, fit. iii, ].l. 274 c; (\ & x. D( $ . Head and thorax yellow \\ith the usual black «pois : abdo- men black above, the extremity orange-yellow, the vmtral surt'a<-«- yellow with paired sublateral M-rics of black spot-. Fore winij yellow; a brown patch occupying the \\hole wiiii^ except tin- base, which is spotted with black, and the co-ta and outi-raiva : a \ur. o'(5 millim. 1148. Hypsa alciphron, ('mm. P«/>. R><>t. ii, p. 133 E; 3/oo/r. Lip, Gel/I, ii. }>1. !()•_>, ti.-s. 1, 1 a. !> (larva) j C. $ S. no. 528. Noctua caries, Fair. F.nt. .SV/. iii, 2, j>. L'7. Hypsa plaginota, JJufl. Tnin*. Fnt. Soc. 1875, p. 320 ; C. $• .V. no. 534. Head, thorax, and abdomen marked as in monycJia; palpi with black spots on 1st and 2nd joints. Pore wing brownish fuscous ; a basal orange patch with two snbbasal black spots and a series of three on its outer edge ; the veins streaked with white ; a white spot at lower angle of cell. Hind wing orange-yellow ; a black spot at end of cell, one beyond, one below vein 2, and a submarginal irregular series which sometimes becomes a nearly complete mar- ginal band, the veins crossing it yellow. The variety plaginota has the white spot at end of cell of fore wing large. The form from New Guinea and the neighbouring groups of islands is darker and brighter. Larva black above, brown below ; two dorsal white bands , a HYPS A. 503 subdorsal black spot on each somite; a series of lateral black specks ; sparse black hairs ; the head red. Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Penang ; Java ; Amboina; Ceram ; New Guinea; New Hebrides; Solomons ; New Ireland. Exp., <$ 62-67, $ 72-76 millim. 1149. Hypsa sericea, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 536. d . Differs from alciphron in having a black spot on inner margin at edge of the orange patch. Hind wing with broad black fasciae in and below cell from the base to the postmedial spots ; the marginal black band complete ; the veins crossing it yellow. Hab. Bombay; Poona; Canara ; Nilgiris. Exp. 60 millim. 1150. Hypsa producta, ButL Trans. Ent. Soc. 1875, p. 320; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 101, tigs. 1, 1 a, b (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 535. Hypsa strigivenata, Butl. Trans. Ent. tioc. 1875, p. 32 L ; C. $ S. no. 537. Differs from alciphron in the basal orange patch of fore wing extending further along the costa, with an extra black spot on the costa. The form strigivenata has the orange and brown colours darker. Larva. Head large ; a series of dorsal tubercles from 4th to terminal somite ; purplish brown with sparse hairs, the thoracic somites pale above ; some pale lateral spots ; a dorsal black line ; oblique dorsal streaks on somites seven to ten. Hab. Sikhim ; Assam ; 8. India ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Penang ; Sumatra. Exp., 3 56, $ 80 millim. C. (Philona). Palpi with the 3rd joint very short. 1151. Hypsa inops, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 457; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 87, fig. 6; C. $8. no. 541. Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow; the third joint of palpi black ; tegulse and metathorax each with a black spot ; abdo- men with a series of dorsal black spots, some of which are often obsolete. Fore wing pale fuscous, the veins white ; a basal yellow patch spotted with black. Hind wing yellow with an apical black band ; cilia of both wings tipped with white. Hab. Sikhim; Sylhet ; Cachar; Nagas ; Burma; Philippines. Exp. 56 millim. 1 152. Hypsa privata, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 100. Philoua cinerascens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 598, pi. 59, fig. 6 ; C. 8f S. no. 540. Differs from inops in the hind wing being white with a marginal black band. Hab. Burma ; Andamans, Borneo, Nias : Elorcs ; Philippines. Exp. 52 millim. 504 HYPSIDvE. SECT. II. (Latides). Male with the fasciculated cilia of antennae long ; 3rd joint of palpi long. 1153. Hypsa ficus, Fair. Ent. Syst. iii, 2, p. 27 ; Moore, Lcp. C<->/I. ii. pi. 100, fig. 2 ; Forsayeth, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 397 (larva) ; C. 8f S. no. 538. Head, thorax, and abdomen marked as in woH//<7m, except that the third joint of palpi is grey tipped with black; the base of teijula1 yellow with a black spot; dorsal spots of abdomen often almost obsolete. Fore wine; with a yellow basal patch which extends along costa and in cell to two thirds length of cell, with an orange spot outlined with black on the costa, and streaks in the cell and on inner margin, two black spots on costa. t\vo in cell, one on inner margin, and two lines across intern o- median interspace ; the rest of wing pale red-brown, the veins streaked with yellow. Hind wing bright orange-yellow ; a black spot at end of cell and a submarginal irregular series. Larva. Head black ; somites dark velvety brown, with slight white hairs arising from red papillae ; lateral yellow patches on 4th to llth somites. Hob. Throughout India and Ceylon. Exp., tf 58, £ 64 millim. Genus DIGAMA. Di-ama, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 297 (IR^). Sunnncria, Ifiifm. /nfr. iii, p. l.'J (1825, gen. non dc*cr.}. Ilomceognatha, Feld. Reis. Nov., Lcp. pi. cvi, figs. 20, 21, ErM. ]>. -r> (1874). Type, D. hearseyana, Moore. Jlanr/e. S. Africa ; China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Australia. Palpi upturned, the second joint reaching vertex of head, f ho third long. Fore wing rather short and square; vein 5 from just above lower angle of cell ; 6 from ju>t below the upper angle ; 7 and 10 from a short areole. Hind wing with vein 5 from above lower angle of cell ; 6 and 7 stalked. SECT. I. Antennas of male slightly ciliated ; hind wing with tufts of modified scales on median nervure and vein 1 b. 1154. Digama "burmana, n. sp. Head and thorax brownish fuscous ; palpi with a black spot at end of each of the three joints; collar with paired black spots. Abdomen orange-yellow, with dorsal and lateral series of black spots. Fore wing fuscous ; the basal half streaked with vinous brown in the interspaces ; a highly dentate submarginal band ; a marginal series of specks ; black spots at base and middle, and two DIGAMA. 505 at end of cell. Hind wing orange-yellow, the apex suffused with fuscous ; some specks on apical half of outer margin. Hab. Myingyan, Burma ( Watson). Exp., <$ 30, $ 32 millim. Type in B." M. SECT. II. (Digama). Antenna of male with fasciculated cilia. 1155. Digama hearseyana, Moore, Lep. E. L Co. p. 298, pi. 7 «, figs. 3, 3 a ; C. #. S. no. 649. Digama similis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 5 ; C. 8f S. no. 553. Head, thorax, and abdomen marked as in burmana. Fore wing pale fuscous clouded with duller fuscous ; the basal half of wing spotted with black, four spots on costa, three in cell, three in interno-median interspace, and two on inner margin ; very irregular dentate submarginal and marginal fuscous bands. Hind wing orange-yellow, with fuscous marginal patches at apex and vein 2 in the form similis ; the underside of some specimens with a black spot at end of cell. Hab. Throughout India and Ceylon. Exp. 36 millim. SECT. III. (Sommeria). Antennae of male bipectinated, the terminal one-fifth ciliated. Fore wing with a fold on inner margin on upperside. 1156. Digama insulana, Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1868, p. 285; C. 8f S. no. 550. Differs from hearseyana in the collar being without spots. Fore wing without the fuscous suffusion or bands ; the third costal black spot from base, and the second in the interno-median interspace, absent. Hind wing with some fuscous on outer margin at veins 2 and 3. Hab. G-anjam ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 32 millim. 1157. Digama fasciata, Butl Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 362; Moore, Lep. Ceyl ii, pi. 100, fig. 4 ; C. $ S. no. 547. $ . Head, thorax, and abdomen as in insulana, except that the patagia have each a black streak. Fore wing greyish fuscous ; three black strigae on the costa ; two spots in the cell ; the disco- cellulars black ; three spots in interno-median interspace ; a large subbasal spot above inner margin and two small spots beyond it ; a spot beyond lower angle of cell ; a curved irregular submarginal band. Hind wing orange-yellow. Hab. Ceylon. Ejcp. 34 millim. 1158. Digama marchali, Guer. Toy. Dekss., Hist. Nat. p. 91, pi. 26, fig. 2; C.$S. no. ool. Digama nebulosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 233 ; C. 8f S. no. 552. Digama inarchalii, var. intermedia, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 47. Digama figurata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 5 ; C. # S. no. 548. 506 HYPSID.E. Head, thorax, and fore wing greyish white ; the collar, tegular, and thorax spotted with fuscous; abdomen orange-yellow, with dorsal and lateral series of black spots. Fore wing with some Fig. 333.—Digama marchali, £ . }. short fuscous streaks near the base; an irregular antemedial band; a black spot at centre of cell and one on disrucvllular- : a postmedial fuscous band excurved round end of cell; traces of a submarginal band. Hind wing orange-yellow. The form intermedia has submarginal and marginal prominent bands to fore wing; hind winir uith a dark marginal spivk vein 2. Figurata has nearly tin- whole fore wing sufYusrd \\ith fuscous, leaving some grey at base and end of cell, a postmedial band, and slight submarginal streaks. Hind wing with invgular fuscous marks on outer margin. Hdb. Bombay ; throughout S. India and Burma. />/ millim. Species formerly recorded as Indian which is omitted. Hypsa pltuui, Wlk., C. & S. no. 5J4, is from Java only. ERRATUM. Pa^e 12, line 10, for "divided intj three plumes" read "divided into six plumes." ALPHABETICAL INDEX. abdominalis (Euproctis), 472. abjecta (Euproctis), 482. aboe (Phassus), 318. abruptus (Cossus), 314. acaciusalis (Rhodoneura), 356. Acanthopsyche, 293. Acherontia, 67. Acherontiinse, 66. acinea (Messata), 61. aconyta (Metanastria), 40*8. Acosnieryx, 81. acronyctoides (Cossus), 305. actea (Syntomis), 222, actea (Theretra), 100. Actias, 13. acuta (Turnaca), 137. acuta (Zonilia), 91. acutipennis (Causto- loma), 367. adala (Altha), 397. adalif'a (Chalcosia), 265. Addasa, 353. Adixoa, 198. Adlullia, 470. adolphan (JBombyx), 59. aedea (Heterusia), 262. JEgeria, 196. .Tgrota (Pergesa), 91. tcnescens (Eupterote), 62. resculi (Zeuzera), 310. affictitia (Macroglossa), 113. affinis (Borabyx), 37. affinis (Chalcosia), 266. affinis (Eupterote), 54. affinis (Syntomis), 223. afghana (Zygoma), 231 . Agalope, 282. Aganopis, 496. Agape, 498. Agaristida3, 11. aglea (Danais), 277. Agnidra, 333. Akesina, 286. alba (Cispia), 493. alba (Teldenia), 332. Albara, 333. albapex (Syntomis), 214. albata (Chalcosia), 265. albatalis (Dixoa), 355. albesceus (Dasychira), 449. albescens (Rasicota), 304. albescens (Stauropus), 149. albibasis (Polyploca), 184. albicana (Megasoma), 405. albicans (Triptogon), 69. albicinctum (Piarosoma), 243. albicollis (Naprepa), 35. albicosta (Polyploca), 184. albidisoa (Polyploca), 183. albif'ascia (Notoclonta), 1(52. albif'ascia (Pantana), 445. albif'ascia (Pidorus), 255. albifasciata (Spatalia), 170. albifrons (Svntomis), 216. albifurca (Dysodia), 369. albifusurn (Ceratonema), 394. albigutta (Arguda), 414. albimacula (Gargetta), 136. albimacula (Histia), 280. albipars (Sangatissa), 63. albipes (Psyche), 298. albipuncta (Miresa), 386. albipuncta (Greta), 349. albipuncta (Parasa), 390. albipuncta (Macrotar- sipus), 194. albistriga (Ramesa), 143. albivertex (Stauropus), 152. albodentata (Euproctis), 481. albofasciata (Azygo- phleps), 309. albofasciatus (Phassus), 321. albolunulata (Lyman- tria), 461. albonotata (Drepana), 340. albopunctata (Euproctis), 481. albostriata (Mardara), 455. albus (Imaus), 467. alciphrou. (Hypsa), 502. alecto (Chaerocatnpa), 85. aliris (Aniesia), 272. Allata, 168. Alompra, 417. alompra (Heterusia), 260. Alophogaster, 287. alterata (Eupterote), 56. alterna (Adixoa), 198. alternata (Nernacerota), 185. alternata (Rhodoneura), 362. alternus (Stauropus), 149. Altha, 396. Alucitidae, 12. Aiuatissa, 292. Ambadra, 136. amboin;e (Acrosema), 134. Ambulycince, 75. Ambulyx, 77. Amesia, '21'2. Amicta, 297. amoena (Euchromia), 228. Ainpelophaga, 83. ampla (Lymantria), 460. ampla (Metauustria), 410. 508 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. arapla (Suana), 406. Atnydona, 421. anachoreta (Ichtbyura), 172. anada (Dreata), 60. Anagnia, 496 anastomosis (Ichthyura), 172. ancea (Acosmeryx), 81. anceoides (Acosmeryx), 82. anchora (Pterodecta), 325. . Anchyneura, 447. ancilla (Naclia), 226. andaraana (Antheraea), 20. andamana (Hypsa), ,502. andamana (lufafMMa), 301. andamana (Triptogon), 09. andainanus (Dapknie), 96. Andraca, 40. Augonyx, 101. angulalis (Hypolam- prus), 3r,r,. angulif'era (La-lia). 441. anguligera (Euproctis), 476. anguligera (Polyploca), 183. anna (Saturnia), 22. annulata (Hypertescbra), 176. Anomoeotes, 286. Antheraea, 18. anthereata (Tagora), f>7. Antheua, 14."). Antbrenoptera, 1 '.'<>. antica (Arestha), 4 .">:;. antica (Dasychira), 469. antica (Euproctis), 472, 479. anticalis (Rbodoneura), 867. Anticyra, 144. Antipha, 471, 494. antiphates (Euproctis), 478. antiqua (Orgyia), 436. Anzabe, 377. Apela, 168. aperiens (Syntomis), 221. aperiens (Thosea), 378. aperta (Hyperthyris), Apba,'51. Apbendala, 377. apicale (Idonauton), 392. apicalis (Arna), 484. apicalis (Euproctis), 478. apicalis (Fentonia), 148. apicalis (G-unda), .">(>. apicalis (Ocinara), •">.">. apicalis (Pida), 457. apicalis (Spbetta), 176. apicalis (Stauropus), 151. apicata (Belippa), 400. api forme (Trochiliuni), 188. Aporalypsis, 1<>7. aj)olliiiaria (Ar^r\ 352. Apona, ."••_'. .\prat a, 303. approximate i Anticvra'l. 4:>:;. approximata (Sviitomis), So. apsara (Gazalina X apus (Macro^l. >~-:i . I L'I >. aquila ( Macroglossa), 119. Aracbotia, 21.~». . Arbela, 31 4. Arbelidsw, 314. Arbudas. 2."i7. An-tiidac, 11. ardens (Mior arcih.-a i 1'lialcra \. l.'lt. An-s'ba, 417. arga (Dasycbira), 448. Argema. 13. argentata (Chalcosia), 285. argentata (Spatalia), 17(>. argeiitea (llinial.; argentea (Ichthyura). 170. argenteipuncta (Habro- syne), 17'.». arirt'iiteola (Drepana), 338. argentifera (Callidre- pana), 339. argentifera (Fentonia), 147. argentifera (Miresa), 386. argentifera (Spatalia), 169. argentilinea (Drepana), 339. argentilinea (Parasa), 389. argentina (Spatalia), 166. Arguda, 412. ai-iiyrosigna (Orozsia), 176. argyrospila (Oraesia 1 71 '•. argyrospila (Trypam)- pbora), 249. ariel (Epbemeroidea), 242. Ariatbala, 36. armata (Habrosyne), 179, Arna, 471. Aroa, 437. arracanensis (Bombyx), Arrundi motb, 17. Artaxa. 470. atrofusa (Lophopteryx), 166. atropos (Acherontia), 67. atrostriatus (Hypolaua- prus), 365. Attacus, 15. attenuata (Callidula), 324. aurantiaca (Charnidas), 439. aurantiaca (Euproctis), 485. aurantifascia (Aroa), 440. aurata (Pydna), 141. auratus (Phassus), 321. auricincta (Callizyggena), 249. auricollum (Adixoa), 198. aurifera (Pergesa), 91. auriflua (Eupterote), 56. auriflua (Porthesia), 484. auripennis (Ambulyx), 77. auripes (Ichneumeno- ptera), 194. auritractata (Spatalia), 170. aarodisca (Thyrassia), 238. aurofasciata (Gaurena), 181. aurogrisea (Seopelodes), 374. aurora (Lymantria), 464. austeni (Syntomis), 218. australinda (Cyclosia), 270. automedon (Chacrocam- pa), 90. Auzata, 331. avicula (Macroglossa), 116. Azygophleps, 309. Babula, 296. baiasa (Syntorais), 222. Balatsea, 234. Bambalina, 292. bandura (Cania), 396. Banisia, 355. Baradesa, 131. Barandra, 300. Barhona, 459. Baryaza, 446. basalis (Agalope), 282. basalis (Amydona), 421. basalis (Anomoeotes), 286. basalis (Antipha), 452. basalis (Euproctis), 483. basalis (Heterocampa), 148. basalis (Hyperaeschra), 164. basalis (Natada), 402. basalis (Perina), 486. basalis (Pheosia), 159. basalis (Risoba), 186. basiflava (Ohelura), 284. basifurca (Cnethocam- pa), 445. basimaculata (Philopa- tor), 282. basiniger (Stauropus), 153. basistriga (Hyper- aeschra), 164. basistriga (Pydna), 142. basivitta (Olene), 452. bastialis (Rhodoneura), 357. batis (Thyatira), 180.' Baziza, 437. beatrix (Lymantria), 463. Belgorsea, 396. belia (Macroglossa), 114. Belippa, 399. belis (Macroglossa), 113. Bembina, 470. bengalensis (Bombyx), 37. bengalensis (Macroglos- sa), 115. berberisse (Stauropus), 150. berinda (Syutomis), 219. Besaia, 171. bhaga (Daphnis), 96. bhana (Dasychira), 451. Bharetta, 415. bhascara (Lymantria), 461. bheroba (Arguda), 413. Bhima, 404. bhira (Lasiocampa), 410. bicarinatus (Aspidiotus), 395. bicincta (Syntomis), 213. bicolor (Arbudas), 257. bicolor (Calpe), 176. bicolor (Leucophlebia), 75. bicolor (Pantana), 444. bicolor (Parasa), 390. bifascia (Euproctis), 475. bifaseiata (Calpe), 176. bifasciata (Chelura), 283. bifasciata (Rhopalo- psyche), 112. bigutta (Euproctis), 472. bigutta (G-enusa), 494. bilinea (Cania), 395. bilineata (Ambulyx), 80. bilineata (Drapetodes), 352. bimaculata (Euproctis), 472. bimaculata (Lebeda), 406. binghami (Isbarta), 276. Bintha, 234. biocellata (Sphetta), 176. biocularis (Drepana), 338. bipars (Acanthopsyche), 293. bipars (Chadisra), 159. bipars (Tasema), 236. bipartita (Euproctis), 482. bipuncta (Ehodoneura), 360. bipunctapex (Euproctis), 484. bipunctata (Andraca), Bireta, 138. Birnara, 443. Birthama, 384. Birtina, 256. bisecta (Chaerocampa), 88. bivittata (Lymantria), 466. bivittata (Striglina), 354. bivittata (Zeuzera), 310. blanchardi (Svntomis), 221. bobi (Phalera), 134. boerhaviaj (Sphinx), 86. boisduvali (Saturnia), 23. BombycidjE, 31. bombylans (Macroglossa), 116. bombyliformis (Melittia), 204. Bombyx, 32. Boradia, 286. Brachartona, 233. Brachycyttarus, 295. Brachylia, 305. 510 ALPHABETICAL IMHiX. brachypecteii (Synto- moides),211. Brachytera, 54. bracteata (Drepana), 338. bracteata (Miresa), 387. bracteata (Rhodoneura), 363. brahma (Bombyx), 410. Brahiusea, 29. Brahmaeidae, 29. brevilinea (Tetraphleps), 383. brevivitta (Artaxa), 473. brotea (Portbetria), 494. brunnea (Fentonia), 148. brunnescens (Dasychira), 450. bubastus (Sphinx), 123. bubo (Zenzera), 307. bucephala (Phalera), 133. buddha (Bombyx), 410. burmana (Criculn burmana (Digama), 504. busiris (Chaeroeaiupa), 89. bulleri (Hypsa), 499. butus (uh&rocampt), 93. cacliara (Saturnia), 24. cadambae (Cossus), 306. Cadpbises, 27-"'. Cadrusia, 447. caenosa (Laelia), 440. cojrulea (Trwuloidet), 494. cteruleimicans (Scia- pteron), 1K2. caliginosa (Eupterote), 54. caligramraa (Mardara). 455. Caligula, 21. Callamesia, 277. Callartona, 233. Callidrepana, 333. Callidula, 323. Callidulidjc, 322. Callitomis, 224. Callizygaena, 248. Caltura, 492. Calymnia, 76. Camadena, 3(50. camelaria (Loplio- pteryx), 166. Camptocliilus, 351. Campy lot es, 274. cana (Acanthopsyche), caua (Thosea), 378. canaraic.i (Eupterote), 58. canaraica (Hypaa), 500. Candyb i, &K. CanephorintR. .' '.<'_'. Canerces, 281. Canerkes, 2> 1 . canesccns (Lymantria), 152. Cania, 395. canitiea (Phineca), 14'.». canningii (Attacus), 16. canensis (Duomitus), 314. cara (Lyraantria), Caragola, 489. cardinalis (Lalia), 1 12. oftvduMlift (Milled caricae (Noc-tua), 502. carnecolor (Lymantria), 462, carneola (Barhonn carneola (Boradia), 286. Casama, H.".. Caschara, 168. cislimirensU (Apoua), ."'L'. caslmiirensis (Cossus), 305. i-a-hmirensis (Zvt' 230, castauea ( Aracogyia), 395. castanea fOhnrooUBpa), B2L castanea (Mustili.-. castanea (Odonesti.- \'2<'>. castanea (On-t. -i castaiic:i- i I'hrag- niataria). .'!!.'!. .•cps . Spatulifun- bria). .".'.'I. ipara (Altlia), 890, CHStanoptera (Eupterote), 54. caetanoptera (Taragaina), •i< »:». Castnmhr, 1<». Castorura, 208. castrensis (Clisiocainpa), catamita (Cleosiris),322. catapyrrha (Macro- glossa), 117. catocalina (Trisuloides), 494. catoxantba (Braohar- tona), 233. caudatus (Hiinanto- pterus), 288. Caviria, 489. Ceira, 138, 140. Celeia, 168. ceierio(Cbaeroeaiii celsa (Euproctis). 472. cephica(Natalla . 381, Cephonodes, 12'i. ceramicus (Duomitus), 307. Ceratocampida- Ceratocorema, L'OO. CeratoniMiia. cerbera (Syntoim- certhia (Uralima- 31. Cerura, !."».'». (vrvina (Basiana tvrvina (^ ifuna). 447. cervina (Buprootifl 175, cervina (Naprepa • vrvina (Palirisa), 46. ciina . I'M. chain. :;DI. Clialiinic, 300. chalvlx-a i Sura-, 2U(5. chalyhc.it u- 820, chainj)a (^foiua), 177. Charniila's, 14' ». Chatainla. 289. Cl.atra, 408. C'lia/riia, 34. cln-.-la (Cnetbocainpa), (>4. clxvla (Kutri.-ha). 409, Chelura, 283. Ch.Tonn'ttisi, 399. cherra (Syntomis), 22O. Chilena, 416. cbioue (Noctua), -i'1'1 cbiron (Sphinx), 108. chlorocera (Syntomis), 218. chloroptera (Dasvc'bira), 450. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 511 ohordigera (Oligoclona), 469. chortoclora (Cyphanta), 175. Chrysartona, 232. chrysolopha (Gazalina), 469. clirysorrhoea (Euproctis), 471. cicada (Beterusia), 252. cidosa (Saturnia), 23. Cifuna, 446. Cilix, 347. cinctata (Dasychira), 449. cinerascens (Philona), 503. cinerea (Acosmeryx), 82. cinerea (Argyris), 352. cinerea (Nern ace rota), 185. cingala (Heterusia), 262. cingalesa (Anthersea), 18. cinuamomea (Aroa), 439. cinnamoinea (Bharetta), 415. cinnamoinea (Eupterote), 54. circe (Pidorus), 255. circinata (Soritia), 253. circuradata (Genusa), 444. circumdatus (Pidorus), 254. Cispia, 492. citrina (Artaxa), 473. citrina (Eupterote), 62. citrinula (Dreata), 64. Clania, 291. Clanis, 77. clara (Aroa), 439. clara (Caviria), 490. claralis (Letchena), 357. clavata (Hypsa), 500. Cleapa, 171. Clelea, 239. Cleosiris, 322. clerodendronella ((Ede- matopoda), 207. Clisiocampa, 417. clotho (Sphinx), 93. Cnethocampa, 64. Cobanilla, 347. coccinea (Snellenia), 207. Codane, 268. coffee (Zeuzera), 312. cognata (Thyatira), 180. collaris (Bombyx), 59. colon (Charnidas), 442. columbaris (Mustilia),39. combinata (Euproctis), 486. combusta (Anticyra), 145. cometaris (Histia), 280. comma (Leucoma), 487. comparata (Genusa), 444. comparata (Tbemaca), 476. complana (Hypsa), 500. complens (Lacida), 478. complicate (Dasychira), 447. compressa (Bombyx), 347. concana (Hypsa), 502. conchifera (Brahmasa), 30. concolor (Lymantria), 462. concolor (Pseudosphinx), 106. concolor (Suana), 406. conferta (Zeuzera), 310. coiifinis (Syntomis), 223. confluens (Risoba), 186. confusa (Artona), 236. congruens (Melittia), 205. conjuncta (Natada), 381. consanguis (Ambulyx),77. consimilis (Eupterote), 55. consorta (Aniatissa), 292. conspersa (Aphendala), 402. conspersa (Narosa), 398. contarninata(Altha), 398. contamiuata (Eupterote), 58. contermina (Syntomis), 219. Contheyla, 384. contracta (Anthreno- ptera), 190. contracta (Scopelodes), 375. convergens (Natada), 381. convolvuli (Protoparce), 103. Corma, 268. cornucopia (Ingtira), 176. corticalis (Hupodonta), 161. corusca (Cbalcosia), 266. corvthus (Macroglossa), 115. cosmiana (Susica), 381. Cossidaj, 304. cossoides (Pbalera), 134. Cossus, 305. costalis (Caviria), 491. costalis (Euproctis), 478. costalis (Lymantria), 460. costalis (Spatalia), 170. costicomma (Ichtbvura), 173. costigera (Gargetta), 135. cotesi (Tbosea), 380. crameri (Clania), 291. crataegi (Tricbiura), 420. cretica (Sphinx), 85. creusa (Euchromia), 228. ere usa (Syntomis), 219. Cricula, 28. Crinocraspeda, 420. crispa (Tetraphleps),383. cristata (Triptogon), 69. cristatrix (Ingura), 176. crocea (Danais), 276. croasi (Bombyx), 32. Cryptothelea, 291. cunninghami (Macro- glossa), 120. cuprea (Amatissa), 292. cuprea (Isbarta), 277. cuprea (Miresa), 381. cuprea (Tascia), 237. cuprealis (Rhodoneura), 361. cupreata (Ichtbyura), 173. cupreatus (Heteropan), 256. cupreipennis (Eupterote), cupreipennis (Syntomi.s). 210. cupreipennis (Tintbia), 199. cupreivitta (Sciapteron), cupreum (Lophosoma), 237. cuprina (Polyploca), 184. curvaria (Gargetta), 136. curvata (Cnetbocampa), 445. cyanea (Pintia), 259. cyanescens (Arjeocera), *244. cyaniris (Cepbonodes), 123. cyanivena (Milleria), 263. cyanocera (Phacusa), 241. Cyclidia, 327. Cyclosia, 269. cygna (Caviria), 489. cygna (Redoa), 487. Cymatopb^ridae, 177. 512 cymbicornis ( Redoa), 488. cynniris (Cephonodes), 123. cynthia (Attacus), 16. Cypa, 71. Cyphanta, 174. cyrtolophia (Pseudo- sphinx), 105. cyssea (Syntomis), 213. cysseoides (Syntomis), 213. Dactylorhyncha, 470. Dahira, 77. dahlii (Dilephila), 99. dalbergise (Dasychira), 453. darna (Noctua), 499. Damalis, 498. damascene (Leucophle- bia), 75. Damata, 156. damodara (Cerura), 155. dam or (Pbassus), 319. daos (Idiopsis), 277. Daphnis, 94. Daphnusa, 72. Daplasa, 458. Dappula, 290. Dasaratha :294. Dasychira, 447. Datanga, 323. dea (Arbela), 315. decedens (Miresa), 387. decemvena (Psyche), 300. decisa (Lasiocampa), 425. decolor (Cypa), 71. decorata (Cypa), 71. decorata (Eupterote), 55. decorata (Thyatira), 180. decurrens (Pydna), 139. decurtata (Arguda), 414. decussata (Chaerotricha), 479. decu-sata (Striglina), 354. Deilephila, 97. deliaria (Argyris), 351. delineata (Genusa), 444. delphiaria (Argyris), 352 Dendrocera, 231. Dendrophleps, 491. denotata (Drymonia), 176, 445. dentata (Cetola), 176. dentata (Hyperaeschra), 165. dentata (Parasa), 391. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. dentatus (Polyptychus), 69. denticulata (Triiena), 176. denticulosa (Rhodo- neura), 357. dentilinea (Stauropus), 150. derasa (Habrosyne), 178. Deroca, 344. desgodinsi (Campylotes), 275. desgodinsi, var. splendida (Campylotes), 275. detecta (Baziza), 439. detersa (Enome), 460. deucalion (Ainbulyx), 80. Devanica, 259. devestita (Lselia), 441. dharma (Gangarides), 42. dharma (Parasa), 38R Diabasis, ;!(».'.. diabolica (Eupterote), 54. diana (Chak-.-ia i. L»r,:,. dianse (Plectropteron), n. diaphana (Ectrocta), 33. diaplmnn (Goe), L'lL'. diaphana (Leucoma), 488. diaphana (Ocinara), 34. diaphana (Syntomis), 216. dica (Redoa). -I HO. Dicranura, 157. dicta (Hypsa), 499. dictea (Pheosia), 160. didytua (Sphinx), 108. diffusa (Eupterote), 59. Digama, .r><>}. digraiuma (Artaxa), 477. digramma (Euproctis), 477. dilectula (Ocinara), 34. Dilephila, 97. Diludia, 104. diminuta (Procotes), 239. Dinara, 144. diptera (Syntomis), 228. discalis (Antheua), 145. discalis (Aroa), 4-">7. discinota (Euproctis), 47(.). discinota (Paravetta), 170. discinota (Syntomis), 216, discispilaria (Drepana), 336. discistriga (Pseudo- sphinx), 105. discivitta (Artona), 234. disci vitta (Heracula), 459. discordans (Eupterote), BO. discrepans (Tagora), 58. diecriminis (Clelea), Ma di.-juncta (Lymantria), 44-J. dispar (Pantana), 444. disparalis (Rliodoneura), wa dispersa (Artoxa), 474. disrupta (Metaschalis), 158. disrupta (Syntomis), S1& di-Minilis (Eupterote), distini-ta (Chalcosia), 207. Ditrigona, 331. divaricaU (Aphendala), 380. divaricata (Gastropacba), 4 1^. I. divergens (Macroglossa), 117. divergens (Thosea), 380. diversipennis (Risoba), 186. divisa (Apela), 168. divisa (Dasychira . 4.".-J. divisa (Euproctis), 471. divisa (Hyboma), J7»'>. divisa (Leucoma), 488. divisa (Odonestis). 426. divisa (Ramcsa), 14:;. divisa (Syntomis), L'l.~>. Dixoa, 355. dcenia (Narosa), 399. dohcrtyi (Elcysma), 285. dohertyi (Himanto- pterus), 288. dolichoides (Ampelo- phaga), 84. dolichus (Elibia), 100. d..losii ( Pandala), 43. dolosa (Phacusa), 240. dorainia (Hypsa), 499. dorsalis (Taragama), 4( »:». dorsatiforrais (Melittia). 205. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 513 doubledayi (Ohalia), 301. ' drancus (Chserocampa), 87. Drapetodes, 346. drataraja (Heterusia), 262. Dreata, 44. Drepana, 333. drepanoides (Cricula), Drepanulidas, 326. dromedarius (Noto- donta), 162. dubia (Polyploca), 183. Dudusa, 128. dulcis (Heterusia), 261. Duomitus, 307. duplex (Drepana), 339. duplexa (Tkosea), 379. Dura, 466. Durdara, 355. duvaueeli (Psichotoe), 226. dyras (Polyptychus), 69. Dysauxes, 226. Dysodia, 368. Ectrocta, 33. edocla (Heterusia), 261. edwardsi (Attacus), 16. egens (Hypsa), 501. ejecta (Notodonta), 176. Elcysma, 284. elegans (Chaerocampa), 85. Elibia, 100. ella (Panacra), 101. elongata (Callaenia), 176. elpenor (Chaerocampa), 84. elwesi (Acanthopsyche), 294. elwesi (Ambulyx), 79. emarginata (Oraesia), 176. emblicalis (Rhodoneura), 360. emilia (Angonyx), 101. emittens (Leucophlebia), 75. emma (Syntomis), 220. Encaumaptera, 315. Endoclyta, 318. Endromiidse, 10. Enome, 459. Ephemeroidea, 242. Epicopiidse, 9. Epiplemidae, 9. equestris (Sphinx), 99. era (Syntomis), 222. VOL. I. Erasmia, 273. erebina (Lophura), 110. ereota (Artaxa), 473. Eremocossus, 313. Eressa, 212, 221. Eretmocera, 208. Eriocrypta, 496. ernestina (Corma), 137. ernestinus (Daphnis), 96. Ernolatia, 34. eronioides (Chelura), 284. erossoides (Syntomis), 220. erotoides (G-nathothli- bus), 94. erotus (Chserocampa), 94. erotus, var. andama- nensis (Chaerocampa), 94. erycinoides (Callidula), 324. erythrosoma (Syntomis), 223. erythrosoma (Zygsena), 231. eson (Chaerocampa), 85. Estigena, 424. Eterusia, 259. Euchera, 327. Euchromia, 226. Euclea, 347. Eumeta, 291. eupatagia (Pydna), 141. euphorbias (Dilephila), 98. Euphranor, 28. Euplocia, 495. Euplcea, 278. Euproctis, 470. Eupterote, 54. Eupterotidae, 41. Eurycyttarus, 299. eurytion (Melittia), 203. Euschema, 281. euschemoides (Oanerces), 281. eusemoides (Erasmia), 254. Eutricha, 408. exanthemata (Antheua), 146. excellens( Odonestis), 410. excisa (Drepana), 338. excisa (Phalacra), 345. exclamationis (Laelia), 442. excurvata (Pheosia), 161. exigua (Trichia), 494. Exodomorpha, 208. extensa (Oreta), 348. extensa (Rinaca), 22. extensa (Syntomis), 214. extrusata (Argyris), 352. exusta (Ambulyx), 80. exusta (Rhodoneura), 359. exusta, var. erecta (Mi- crosca), 359. fabia (Eupterote), 56. fagi (Stauropus), 149. falcata (Rigema), 453. falcataria (Drepana), 333. falcipennis (Mustilia), 38. faro (Macroglossa), 118. fasciata (Antheraea), 18. fasciata (Calpe), 176. fasciata (Digama), 505. fasciata (Drepana), 335. fasciata (Eterusia), 253, 260. fasciata (Eupterote), 56. fasciata (Laslioides), 441. fasciata (Lazanda), 186. fasciata (Lebeda), 409. fasciata (Lenodora), 423. fasciata (Pheosia), 160. fasciata (Pydna), 141. fasciata (Rhodoneura), 361. fasciata (Thosea), 379. fasciatum (Ceratonema), 394. fasciatus (Stauropus), 152. fasciosa (Ampelophaga), 83. feminula (Mardara), 451. fenestra (Attacus), 29. fenestraria (Drepana), 337. fenestraria (Macrauzata), 330. fenestrata (Apha), 52. fenestrata (Durdara), 358. fenestrata (Leucoina), 489. fenestrata(Thyridiphora), 371. fenestrata (Varnia), 368. fenestrina (Thermesia), 358. Fentonia, 147. ferrea (Drepana), 341. ferrea (Pintia), 258. ferrifera (Pydna), 142. 514 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. ferrofusa (Khodoneura), 362. ferruginea (Alompra), 418. ferruginea (Cheromettia), ferruginea (Cypa), 72. ferruginea (Ichthyura), 174. ferruginea (Lebeda), 410. ferruginosa (Lopho- pteryx), 167. fervens (Macroglossa), 112. ferrida (Syntomis), 217. ficus (Hypsa), 594. figurata (Digama), 505. filipendulae (Zygaena), 230. fimbriares (Phlossa), 381. flabellicornis (Histia), 280. flammans (Bharetta), 416. flammans (Phauda), 287. flammans (Sciapteron), 191. flava (Apha), 57. flava (Drepana), 340. flava (Sesia), 197. flavalis (Trypanophora), 250. flavescens (Leucoma), 488. flavia (Eupterote), 58. flavicaudata (Sesia), 197. flavicincta (Ichneumeno- ptera), 195. flavicollis (Eupterote), 69. flavicollis (Sphecodo- • ptera),190. flavicosta (Phlebohecta), 251. flavida (Eupterote), 61. flavifrous (Syntomis), 215. flavimacula (Dasychira), 451. flavimacula (Heteropan), 256. flavimaculata(Euproctis), 480. flavinata (Euproctis), 475. flavipalpus (Ichneume- noptera), 195. flavipes (Cispia), 493. flavipes (Sesia), 198. flaviplaga (Arachotia), 245. flavistigma (Lophopte- ryx), 167. flavocincta (Epheme- roidea), 242. flavomaculata (Heteru- sia), 252. flavonigra (Euproctis), 485. flavosignata (Eosala), 419. flavovittata (Arguda), 412. floralis (Apha), 52. floralis (Oypa), 72. florens (Gaurena), 181. florescens (Gaurena), 182. fo (Pseudosphinx), 104. foedus (Eremoco8sus),314. fola (Proneca), 402. formosae (Syntomis), 220. fortunatus (Bombyx), 32. fratercula (Drapetodes), 346. fraterna (Antheraea), 18. fraterna (Chaerocampa), 84. fraterna (Euchromia), 227. fraterna (Euproctis), 477. fraterna (Eupterote), 55. fraterna (Habroeyne), 178. fraterna (Histia), 279. fraterna (Murlida), 60. fraterna (Suaica), 382. frena (Panacra), 90. fringilla (Macroglossa), 123. frit hi (Anthenea), L'l. frontalis (Eabihi), HiiJ. frontirufa (Arsacia), 176. fuciformis (Hemaris), 119. fulgens (Metanastria), 409. fulgurifera (Tarsolepis), lL'7. fulgurita (Ichthyura), 172. fuliginosa (Cyclosia), 263. fuliginosa (Lymautria), 463. fuliginosa (Tasema), 236. fulva (Drepana), 342. fulvida (Artona), 235. fulvipuncta (Euproctis), 474. fumata (Psyche), 300. fumifera (Chalcocelis), 392. fumosa (Parasa), 390. furcula (Cerura), 155. fusca (Lenodora), 423. fusca (Psyche), 2 fuscaUa (Phauda), 288. fuscescens (Gaurena), 182. luscescens (Phlebohecta), 251. fuscescens (Triptogon),69. fuscinervis (Himanto- pterus), 288. fuscipare (Duomitus), 3097 f uscipennis (Eretmocera), 208. fuscipennis (Rainesa), 143. fusiforrais (Nioda), 452. fusiformis (Syntomis), 210. fytchei (Syntomis), 210. galbana (Pydna), 140. galii (Dilephila), 98. gamma (Euproctis), 476. gana (Callizygtena), 24',). ganesa (Bombyx), 405. Gangarides, 42. Ganisa, 49. Gargetta, 135. Gastropacha, 428. Gaugamela, 1~L'. Gaurena, 181. Gazalina, 4I». gelatina (Syntomis), 214. geininata (Eupterote), 60. geminus (Pidorus L'fininifera (Spatalia), 169, Geoinetridce, 9. georgina (Syntomis), 213. gibbosa (Nadata), 130. gigantea (Melittia), 204. gigantea (Notodonta), 162. gigas (Triptogon), 69. gilia (Macroglossa), 117. glacialis (Agalope), 282. glacialis (Chelura), 284. Glanycus, .'ii'.'.i. glaphyralis (Rhodo- neura), 359. glauca (Isbarta), 276. glaticata (Cilix), 347. glaucescens (Ganisa), 50. glaucopis (Pidorus), 255. glaucopoides (Syntomis), 249. glaucoptcra (Macro- glossa), 115. gloriosa (Chaerocanipa), 91. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 515 Gnathothlibus, 84. godartii (Syntomoides), 210. Goe, 242. Gogana, 471. goniatus (Pteroxys), 302. gonograpta (Chaerocam- pa), 93. gortys (Xylophanes), 87. gracile (Sciapteron), 193. gracilis (Chaerocampa), 85. graciosa (Limacodes), 388. grandis (Diludia), 105. grandis (Lymantria),465. grandis (Melittia), 203. grisea (Chatra), 409. grisea (Limacodes), 402. grisea (Lymantria), 464. grisea (Pheosia), 161. grisea (Pseudosphinx), 104. griseata (Netria), 151. griseata (Psyche), 298. griseifusa (Chalcosia), 264. griseipeDnis (Eupterote), 55. griseotincta (Oreta), 350. griseus (Stauropus), 152. grotei (Dasychira), 448. grotei (Phalera), 134. grotei (Saturnia), 22. grotei (Sciapteron), 192. grotei (Syntomis), 218. guerini (Attacus), 17. Gunda, 36. Gurelca, 109. guttata (Euproctis), 477. guttifera (Miresa), 386. Gynsephora, 436. Gynautocera, 278. gyra (Eupterote), 56. gyrans (Macroglossa), 113. Habrosyne, 178. hades (Dreata), 45. hamifera (Pharambara), 359. hainiltoni (Milleria), 264. Hanisa, 40. Hapigia, 129. Harapa, 440. Harpyia, 155. Hathia, 84. hearseyana (Digama), 505. hearseyi (Brahmsea), 31. helferi (Anthersea), 20. helicinoides (Diabasis), 303. heliconia (Hypsa), 501. heliopsamrna (Meso- pempta), 353. helops (Chaerocampa), 92. Hemaris, 119. hemichronia (Macro- glossa), 118. hepatica (Mustilia), 39. Hepialidae, 316. Hepialiscus, 317. Heracula, 458. herbifera (Parasa), 390. Herdonia, 367. Herimba, 325. Herpa, 257. hespera (Nephele), 108. heterogyna (Lselia), 443. Heterogynidae, 10. Heteropan, 256. Heterusia, 259. Heylaertsia, 298. hilaris (Parasa), 389. hiniachala (Lophura), 1 10. Himala, 467. hiraalayana (Acantho- psyche), 294. himalayana (Dasaratha), 294. himalayana (Dicranura), 158. Himantopterus, 288. Hinnasya, 307. Hippotion, 84. hirsuta (Eupterote), 54. Histia, 279. histrionicus(Campylotes), 274. histrionicus, var. altis- sinia (Campylotes), 274. hockingi (Mahasena), 302. hockingii (Parasa), 389. hockingii (Saturnia), 23. Hornoeognatha, 504. Hondella, 440. Hoplitis, 160. Horanpella, 54. hormenia (Epyrgis), 278. horrida (Belippa), 399. horsfieldi (Dasychira), 448. howra (Artaxa), 473. hiibneri (Phassus), 318. huebneri (Syntomis), 219. humeralis (Syntomis), 249. Hupodonta, 160. huttoni (Saturnia), 24. huttoni (Theophila), 37. hyala (Amesia;, 273. hyalina (Agalope), 282. hyalina (Deroca), 344. hyalina (Drepana), 334. hyalina (Syntomoides), 211. hyalinata (Drepana), 342. hyas (Gurelca), 110. hydatina (Syntomoides), 210. Hydrusa, 212, 220. hylas (Cephonodes), 120. Hyloicus, 103. hypargyra (Ehodoneura), Hyperaeschra, 163. hyperantherae (Tara- gama), 405. Hyperthyris, 370. Hyperthyrus, 370. Hyphorma, 375. Hypolamprus, 364. hypothous (Daphnis), 95. hypoxantha (Rhodo- neura), 364. Hypsa, 498. Hypsidaj, 495. hyrtaca (Metanastria), 410. Ichneumenoptera, 194. Ichthyura, 172. icilia (Euproctis), 479. icterica (Dabarita), 176. idasoides (Chalcosia), 265. idaeoides (Leucodrepana), 333. idalialis (Pyralis), 357. Idonauton, 391. ignavus (Eupterote), 55. ignescens (Actias), 14. ignicauda (Trilochana), 191. ignicolle (Trochilium), 189. ignifera (Ichneumeno- ptera), 195. igniflua (Taragama), 405. ignita (Dysodia), 368. ilita (Dasychira), 468. illanta (Euproctis), 473. illepida (Rih'a), 478. imaon (Syntomoides). 210. Imaus, 466. imbecilis (Dreata), 55. iniitans (Isbarta), 277. immaculata (Chiero- tricha), 479. immaculata (Euproctis) 472. 2L2 516 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. immutata (Eupterote), 56. impactella (Eretinocera), 208. imperator (Macroglossa), 118. impura (Phragmatsecia), 313. iiuequalis (Varnia), 368. incandescens (Pseudo- jana), 48. incerta (Lymantria), 460. incipiens (Syntomoides), 211. incitans (Gadera), 176. inclusa (Dasychira), 453. incomptaria (Utidava), 478. inconcisa (Euproctis), 474. inconelusa (Deroca), 344. incongruens (Cypa), 71. inconspicua (Euplocia), 496. increta (Anperyx), 105. indeci8a(Culaflta), 176. indeterminata (Casama), 446. indica (Clisiocampa),4l7. indica (Gonophora), 178. indica (Ichthyura), 174. indioa (Melittia), 203. indiea (Pydna), 137. indica (Varmina), 435. indica (Zeuzera), 811. indicus (Hepialus), 317. indicus (Smerinthus), 69. indicus (Stauropus), 149. inexacta (Pseudosphinx), 104. inextricata (Euscotia), 176. inferma (Triplophlops), 393. infernalis (Sataspes), 121. ingens (Gargetta), 136. innotata (Drepana), 335. innotata (Zeuzera), 313. inobtrusa (Lasiocampa), 425. inops (Hypsa), 503. inordinata (Sybrida), 176. inornata (Amatissa), 292. inornata (Miresa), 386. inquilinus (Phakena), 87. inquinata (CEceticoides), insignata (Argyris), 330. insignis (Chserocampa), 89. insipida (Macrogloesa), 117. insolitus (Glanycus), 369. insueta (Syntomis), 213. insulana (Digama), 505. intacta (Hypsa), 499. intensa (Taragama), 405. interjecta (Pantana), 445. interrupta (Macroglossa), 119. intimalis (Pharambara), 365. invalida (Eupterote), 54. iole (Saturnia), 17. iratus (Debos), 289. irius (Bombyx), 29. irrorata (Daplasa), 458. irrorata (Heterocampa), 163. irrorata (Mardara), 455. irrorata (Somena), 483. irrorata (Trabala), 422. isabella (Parasa), 390. Isbarta, 276. isocyma (Odonestis), 427. Isoplee, 84. javana (Hypsa), 502. javana (Icbthyura), 17_. javanica (Gunda), 36. javanica (Triptogon), 69. jucunda (Sciapteron), 192. junctifera (Charnidas), 438. iunotura (Birthama), 384. juncture (Ceira), 142. junonia (Ambulyx), 79. jtisticiic (Artaxa), 483. juvenis (Pulomaora), 442. kamadena (Menapia), 139. Kanchia, 487- kandyia (Harpyia), 155. kargalica (Euproctis), 494. kashghara (Ptilophora), 177. katinka (Loepa), 25. kausalia (Dasychira), 448. khasiana (Langia), 73. kbasiana (Pbacusa), 241. kbasiana (Spbingo- gnatha), 46. kbasiana (Syntomis), 214. khasiana (Trichiura), 420. kindermanii (Smerin- thus), 123. kingii (Macroglossum), 120. kirbyi ((Eceticus), 290. Klaboana, 269. knyvetti (Antheraea), 19. koechlini (Sphinx), 97. komarovi (Deilephila), 123. Kophene, 292. Kosala, 418. kuluana (Melittia), 204. Lachana, 435. lachesis (Acherontia), 67. Lacides, 498. lactca (Euproctis), 494. lactea (Lffilioides), 441. lactea (Ocinara), 34. lactea (Redoa), 488. lacteata (Hypsa), 500. lact€ola(Altha),a(.)7. ladacensis (Lachana), 435. Laelia, 440. Lcelioides, 440. licta (Odonestis), 425. lii-t:i (Parasa), 389. laevis (Fentonia), 148. lahora (Ambulyx), 78. lalraiia (Belippa), :>>W. bimprolepis (Ah-^a- cerainis), 167. lampropoda (Aschisto- phleps), 200. lanaris (Pterothysanus), 430. lanceolata (Kilia), 452. Ltuigia, 7-'». Lansdownia, L'lU. lanuginosa (Apha). ('>.">. Lasiocampidaj, 402. Latagia, 310. lathyrus (Deilephila), 98. laticilia (Pterothysanus), 430. lati fascia (Cleapa), ITi'. latif'ascia (Euproctis), 472. latifascia (Nyssia), 388. latipennis (Metanastria), 409. latipennis (Pintia), 259. lativitta (Euproctis), 481. lativitta (Heterusia), 260. lativittata (Eupterote), 58. latreillii (Syntouiis), 228. laura (Euchromia), 228. Laurion, 254. layardi (Daphnis), 96. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 517 layardii (Eumeta), 291. Lebeda, 407. leithiana (Artaxa), 473. Lenodora, 422. Lenyra, 205. leopard ina (Abraxas), lepcha (Lymantria), 465. lepcha (Macroglossa), 116, lepcha (Syntomis), 217. lepida (Parasa), 388. leptalina (Soritia), 252. ' Leptojana, 54. Letchena, 355. lethe (Acherontia), 67. leto (Saturnia), 14. Leucodrepana, 333. Leucoma, 487. leucomelas (Codane), 268, 289. leuconeura (Hypsa), 499. leuconotus (Duomitus), 308. Leucophlebia, 74. leucosoma (Callitornis), 225. leucotrigona (Melano- thrix), 44. levis (Anomceotes), 286. lewini (Clariia), 291. lewisii (Chaerocampa), 84. libera (Syntomis), 228. lichas (Empyreuma), 123. lichenea (Q-aurena), 182. lida (Ocinara), 35. lidderdalii (Metanastria), 410. lignaria (Panacra), 88. ligneus (Duomitus), 307. ligniperda (Cossus), 305. lignosa (Zana), 144. lilacina (Drepana), 336. lilacina (Laslia), 441. Limacodidse, 371. limbata (Artaxa), 483. limulus (Fumea), 304. lindia (Saturnia), 23. lineata (Dasychiris), 448. lineata (Dreata), 60. lineata (Leucophlebia), 74. lineata (Odonestis), 427. lineola (Striglina), 354. lineolata (Dinara), 145. lineosa (Chaerocampa), 93. lineosa (Eupterote), 60. lineosa (Palirisa), 45. Liparis, 459. Liparopsis, 154. literata (Eisoba), 186. Lithosiinge, 11. lithosioides (Baradesa), 131. litura (Laelia), 443. liturata (Ambulyx), 77. •liturata (Cerura), 155. livornica (Dilephila), 97. lobata (Durdara), 358. lobulatus (Hypolamprus), 365. loceusalis (Ehodoneura), 358. Locharna, 457. locuples (Cifuna), 446. Loepa, 25. loesa (Parasa), 379. lohor (Belippa), 400. lola (Salassa), 27. longicauda (Acantho- psyche), 294. longipennis (Dainata), 157. longipennis (Eriocrypta), 497. longipennis (Norraca), 137. longipennis (Tasema), longipennis (Toxoides), 186. longivitta (Pydna), 139. Lopera, 471. Lophopteryx, 166. Lophosoma, 237. lucasi (Chaerocampa), 92. lucia (Eupterote), 56. lucina (Syntomis), 214. lugubris (Theophila), 38. luna (Actias), 13. lunata (Euproctis), 472. lunata (Lyrnantria), 494. lunula (Attacus), 17. luridivitta (Ramesa), 143. lusca (Lebeda), 410. luteata (Macroglossa), 114. luteifascia (Euproctis), 483. luteifascia (Syntomis), 218. luteola (Spica), 343. lutescens (Euproctis), 472. lyoetus (Ohaerocainpa), 87. lydia (Syntomis), 221. Lymantria, 459. Lymantriidse, 432. mackwoodi (Aprata), 304. Macrauzata, 330. Macrocilix, 329. Macroglossa, 112. Macroglossinse, 109/ macroglossoides (Gu- relca), 110. Macroglossum, 112. macromera (Chaero- campa), 84. macromera (Diludia), 105. Macroplectra, 376. Macrotarsipus, 194. maculata (Cadphises), 275. maculata (Corma), 268. maculata (Deroca), 344. maculatus (Stauropus), 149. maculifera (Ambulyx), maculosa (Lymantria), 465. ^ maenas (Actias), 14. magna (Euchromia) 227. magna (Euproctis), 484. magnifica (Heterusia), 261. mahananda (Trabala), 421. Mahanta, 401. Mahasena, 301. Mahoba, 454. major (Aroa), 437. major (Chaerocampa), 93. major (Cleosiris), 322. malabaricus (Phassus). 321. malaccana (Nyssia), 395. Manatha, 298. mandana (Euproctis), 480. marchali (Digama), 505. marchalii, var. intermedia (Digama), 505. inarcidus (Hepialus), 317. Mardara, 454. marginalis (Euproctis), 485. marginata (Euproctis), 480. marginata (Lymantria), 463. marginata (Oreta), 351. marginata (Pompelon), 271. 518 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. marginepunctalis (Mi- crosca), 359. marmorata (Ratarda), 494. marmorea (Hypsa), 498. marraorea (Oxicesta), 176. marmorealis (Rhodo- neura), 357. marsdeni (Syntomis), 219. Marumba, 68. maruta (Dasychira), 450. masoni (Syntomis), 215. massurensis (Triptogon), 69. masuriensis (Gurelca), 110. mathura (Lymantria), 464. maxima (Aroa), 437. media (Netera), 388. medusa (Acherontia), 67. Megaceramis, 167. meleena (Syntomis), 216. aieUnomera (Diludia), 105. melanopbila (Euproctis), 471. melanosticta (Contheyla), 385. Melanothrix, 44. rnelissoides (Aschisto- phleps), 201. Melittia, 202. membliaria (Euplocia), 496. Menapia, 138. mendosa (Dasycbira), 452. mesankooria (Antheraea), 20. Mesopempta, 353. Messata, 54. metachloros (Pintia), 258. metagonaria (Pbalacra), 345. metallica (Chaerocampa) , 89. metallica (Laurion), 255. metallicum (Sciapteron), 193. metamelana (Euproetis), 471. Metanastria, 408. metaphasa (Pydna), 140. metarboda (Lymantria), 465 Metaschalis, 158. Metusa, 296. micacea (Nyssia), 375. micacealis (Rhodoneura), 362. micans (Lj'mantria), 462. microchilus (Synto- moides), 212. Microlophia, 101. Micropterygidae, 10. Microsca, 355. microsticta (Damata), 157. midama (Gallamesia), 278. miles (Pidorus), 255. Milleria, 262. minax (Betbura), 375. minax (Hyphorma), 375. mineus (Duomitus), 309. minima (Phragmataria |, 313. minimus (Daphnis), 97. minor (Acanthopsyche), minor (Callidula), 323. minor (Chaerocampa), 93. minor (Eupterote), 60. minor (Phrngmatooia), 313. minor (Syntomis), 213. minor (Syrastrena), 415. minus (Sphinx), 1J.'!. iniiiuta (Sesia), 196. iniiniticornis (Calpe), minutissima (Macro- plectra), :i7«;. mirabilis (Chterocampa), 93. miranda (Loepa), 25. Miresa, 385. rairza (Parasa), 389. mitaria (Drapetodes), 346. moderata (Euplocia), 496. modesta (Geometra),347. modesta (Nisaga), 63. modesta (Sphinx), 69. modulata (Kosala), 419. moerens (Dasychira), 452. Moffatia, 3( i'J. molleri (Platyzygaena), 243. mollifera (Eupterote), 57. mollis (Eupterote), 58. mollis (Miresa), 395. monacha (Lymantria), 459. Monoschalis, 238. montana (Syntomis), 219. monycba (Hypea), 499. moorei (Acantbopsycbe), 296. moorei (Cadpbises |, 276, moorei (Notodonta), 163. moorei (Ocinara), ••">. moorei (Sphetta), 176. moorei (Trianeura), L'-l. mori (Bombyx), 32. morpheus (Sphinx), 108. morta (Acberontia). <17. mota (Syntomis), 210. muelleri (Euproctis), 479. Muga, 20. multifasciata (Calli- tomis), L'L multigutta (Syntomis), 220. multipunptnta (Rbodo- neur.i), ;{."•<;. inultistrigata (Zeuzera), 311. munda "(Rbodoneura), ;;.;}. rnumlus (Imaus), -JUT. muricolaria (Cvclidia), inurina (Tngora), 48. muriinis (Uepialiu)i 317. Murlida,54. inu-.i (Syntoinis), 'J'J'J. muscosa (Labanda), 186. muscularia (Drepana), 336. Mustilia, 38. mulans (Eupterote), 56. mydon (Chaerocampa), 90. mylitta (Antlicnt-a), 18. myrrhina (Chalcosia). 985, myrsusalis (Rhodoneura), 357. myrtaea (Rhodoneura), 358. mysticata (Macrocilix), Naclia, 226. Nadata, 130. naevina (Rhodoneura), 357. naga (Acosmeryx), 83. nagaensis (Gargetta), 135. Nagoda, 400. Nagunda, 459. nana (Pydna), 140. nanda (Metanastria), 409. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 519 nandina (Estigena), 424. Naprepa, 34. nararia (Natada), 381. Narosa, 398. Natada, 380. navigatorum (Azazia), 354. Neaera, 387. nebulosa (Antheraea), 18. nebulosa (Digama), 505. nebulosa (Hypsa), 501. negrita (Euproctis), 471. nelcinna (Atossa), 289. Nemacerota, 185. Neochera, 498. Neoris, 21. neoterica (Codane), 268. nepalensis (Hepialiscus), 317. nepcha (Melittia), 205. Nephele, 108. nerii (Daphnis), 94. nervosa (Oligoclona), 468. nessus (Theretra), 99. nessus, var. rubicundus (Chserocampa), 99. Netria, 149. neutra (Natada), 381. newara (Loepa), 26. newara (Melittia), 203. newara (Syntomis), 217. nicobarica (Hypsa), 499. nicobariensis (Clanis), 79. Niganda, 138. niger (Duomitus), 307. nigra (Lymantria), 463. nigra (Psyche), 299. nigra (Syntomis), 221. nigra (Tasema), 237. nigralba (Oligophlebia), 201. nigrescens (Artona), 235. nigrescens (Cyclosia), 269. nigribasalis (Soritia), 253. nigribasis (Hyper- ceschra), 165. nigricans (Eupterote), 54. nigricans (Nagoda), 401. nigriceps (Tagora), 48. nigricilia (Redoa), 488. nigrifasciata (Macro- glossa), 115. mgripennis (Euproctis), 481. nigritula (Dasychira), 451. nigrofasciata 142. (Pydna), (Sydiva), maculatus (Cossus), nigrogrisea 186. nigropuncta (Pydna), 142. nigroscripta (Hetero- campa), 445. nigroviridis (Clelea), 240. nilgira (Histia), 280. nilgirensis (Diabasis), 303. nilgirica (Dasychira),448. nilgirica (Eupterote), 58. nilgirica (Tetraphleps), Nioda, 447. Nisaga, 62. nitens (Rhodoneura), 359. nivalia (Miresa), 387. nivea (Altha), 397. niyea (Leucodrepana), 333. niveiceps (Nadata), 130. niveosparsa (Dasychira), 449. nivimacula (Callizy- gaena), 248. nobilis (Dudusa), 128. nobilis (Lebeda), 407. noblei (Pterothysanus), 431. noblei (Sciapteron), 192. Noctuidas, 11. nodicornis (Hapigia), 129. Nolin«e, 11. Norasuma, 36. Norraca, 137. notabilis (Melittia), 204. notata (Anaxila), 479. notata (Aphendala), 402. notata (Pydna), 140. Notioptera, 240. Notodonta, 162. Notodontidae, 124. Notolophus, 436. nuda (Perina), 486. nudilineata (Psyche), 298. Numenes, 455. NycteolinEe, 11. nycteris (Rhopalo- psyche), 111. nyctiphanes (Pseudo- sphinx), 105. nymphaliaris (Melauo- thrix), 44. obfuscata (Lymantria), 460. obliqua (Birthama), 384. obliqua (Hapigia), 129. obliqua (Macrosila), 105. obliqua (Tyracona), 186. obliqualis (Rhodoneura), 355. obliquaria (Soritia), 254. obliquifascia (Birthama), obliquifascia (Metanas- tria), 412. obliquilinea (Leuco- drepana), 333. obliquilinea (Oreta), 349. obliquiplaga (Fentonia), 148. oblita (Zeuzera), 312. obliterans (Perigonia), 108. obscura (Macroglossa), 114. obscuralis (Hypolam- prus), 365. obscurata (Corma), 268. obscuripennis (Macro- glossa), 116. obscurus (Attacus), 17. obsoleta (Artaxa), 473. obsoleta (Lymantria), 461. obstructa (Risoba), 186. obtusa (Oreta), 349. ocellaris (Daphnusa), 72. ocellata (Argyris), 352. ocellata (Natada), 382. ochracea (Charnidas), 438. ochracea (Gunda), 36. ochracea (Oxyplax), 376. ochracea (Pydna), 140. ochrea (Callidrepana). 340. ochreipennis (Drepana), 335. ochreipuncta (Syntomis), 222. ochreus (Heteropan), 256. ochripes (Caviria), 490. ochripicta (Anthers a), 18. ochripicta (Eupterote), 56. ochsenheimeri (Syn- tomis), 228. Ocinara, 34. octopunctata (Heterusia), 252. 520 octopunctata (Sphinx), 86. ocularis (Orgyia), 436. ocypete (Fentonia), 148. ocys (Hippotion), 87. Odagra, 440. Odonestis, 425. CEceticina}, 290. (Eceticoides, 293. CEceticus, 290. (Edematopoda, 207. cenone (Syntomis), 216. CEona, 408. Oiketicoidee, 293. Oiketicus, 290. oldenlandiae (Chaero- campa), 87. olearia (Dasychira), 451. Olene, 447. Oligoclona, 468. Oligophlebia, 201. oligosticha (Rhodo- neura), 362. olivacea (Chaerocampa), 91. olivacea (Cilix), 352. olivaseens (Soritia), 252. olivescens (Antheraea), 18. ommatiajforme (Tro- chilium), 188. opliideroides (Calpe), 176. opis (Macroglossa), 113. opponens (Arunda), 176. opponens (Lebeda), 408. orbicularis (Peridrome), 497. orbicularis (Polyploca), 183. orbifer (Stauropus), 152. orbifera (Daphnusa), 72. orbiferata (Macrocilix), 330. Oreta, 347. Orgyia, 436. oriens (Triptogon), 69. orientalis (Euchromia), "2'27. orientalis (Macroglossa), 115. orientalis (Philampelus), 92. orientalis (Protoparce), 103. ornata (Bomochroa), 58. ornea (Ambulyx), 80. orphnina (Drepana), 337. Orthocraspeda, 393. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. orthograpta (Calpe), 176. Orvasca, 471. osacesalis (Herdonia), 367. Osca, 355. ovifera (Durdara), 358. Oxyplax, 376. Pachyjana, 54. PachytbyriB, 368. pagana (Ambulyx), 80. Palimpsestes, 182. Palirisa, 45. pallicosta (Chasrocampa), 94. pallida (Amydona), 421. pallida (Apona), 52. pallida (Dactylo- rhyncha), 470. pallida (Drepana), 334. pallida (Ganisa), 50. pallida (Hyperaeachra), 164. pallida (Laelia), 441. pallida (Nerico), 17-. pallida (Pydna), 11<> pallida (Rbodoiu-ura), pallida (Susica), 377. pallida (Tagora), 47. pallidala- (CWsus), 306. pallidifaBcia (Stauropus), 151. pallidum (Megasoma), 405. palpalis (Scopelodes), Palpifer, 316. Panacra, 84. Pandala, 43. pandya (Ganisa), 50. pannosa (Zaranga), 140. panopus (Calymnia), 70. Pantana, 443. panthona (Cyclosia), 270. papbia (Antheraea), 18. paphos (Noctua), 501. papilionaria (Gynauto- cera), '2~'.L papilionaris (Cyclosia), Parasa, 387. pardalis (Estigena), 424. pardicolor (Zenzera), 315. parivala (Phalera), 133. partita (Numenes), 456. parvipunctus (Cossus), 306. parvula (Cyclosia), 269. passalis (Syntomis), 219. pastoralis (Parasa), 389. patrana (Drepana), 338. patrana (Numenes), 456. patula (Tagora), 4ii. patulata (Oyclidia), 328. paucipunctata (Zeuzera), 311. pauperatus (Hepialus), 317. pavaca (Oreta), 350. Pavonia, 21. pavonica (Calymnia), 76. pectinicornis (Chalcosia), 265,266. jiectoraliB (Syntomis), •_'1M. pellecta'(Melittia). L'OL'. pelona (Artaxa), 477. ju-rdix I Dasycliini), 450. perfecta (Panacra), 89. perfecta (Redoa), 488. ncrliainata (Drenaim), IVridia. 162. Peridreptna, I't-ridroinc, I'.Mi. Pi-riim. 486. perm ut ata (EuptorottO. 06, perny perotteti iSaturni persectn (H\]is;i), .r«Hi. pernmilii(Eapter< jxrspicua (Atlacu petosiri^ (Phalecna), 60. Phacusa, 240. J'halaoni. ;j-J."». ^ phaleenaria (Brachytera), na jihalaris (Ambulyx), 79. rh.-.i. -I-.-.. !. riiaraiubara, 355. Phassus, 318. Phauda, 287. Phaudinae, 285. phcgea (Syntomis), 212. Pheosia, 160. Philona, 498. Philopator, 281. Phlebohecta, 251. Pblossa, 380. Pbocoderma, 380. phcenyx (Sphinx), 88. pborcus (Melittia), 204. Pbragmat«cia, 312. phyrrhula (Macroglossa), 113. ALPHABETICAL INDEX, 521 Piarosoma, 243. piceipennis (Treptogon), 69. pictus (Pterothysanus), 431. picus (Sphinx), 120. Pida, 457. Pidorus, 254. pieridoides (Isbarta), 277. pileata (Psyche), 299. pinastri (Anceryx), 105. pinastri (Hyloicus), 123. pinastrina (Sphinx), 86. pinastrina (Xylophanes), 88. pini (Saturnia), 21. Pintia, 258. pitmani (Euchera), 328. placida (Ambulyx), 77. placida (Horanpella), 60. placida (Lebeda), 409. plagiata (Euproctis), 480. plagiata (Lebeda), 410. plagidotata (Mardara), 454. plagifera (Microsca), 358. plagifera (Odonestis), 427. plaginota (Hypsa), 502. plagiophleps (Acantho- psyche), 296. plagiosa (Habrosyne), plagiviridis (Stauropus), 153. plana (Acanthopsyche), plana (Aroa), 438. plana (Bombyx), 35. plana (Euproctis), 479. plana (Ganisa), 49. plana (Hypsa), 506. platycerata (Anisodes), 346. Platythyris, 368. Platyzygsena, 243. Plectropteron, 13. plumbeola (Clelea), 240. plumicauda (Moffatia), 303. plumipes (Eupterote), 61. plurnosa (Apona), 53. plumosa (Eachia), 132. plusiata (Celeia), 169. plusioides (Spatalia), 170. pluto (Sphinx), 86. politula (Eressa), 222. polymena (Euchromia), Polyploca, 182. Polyptychus, 68. Pompelon, 271. porphyria (Daphnusa), Porsica, 135. Porthesia, 484. Porthetria, 459. postalba (Artona), 234. postalbida (Liparopsis), 154. postcristatum (Cerato- corema), 200. postexcisa (Zeuzera), 311. posthyalina (Arasocera), 244. postica (Oeira), 142. postica (Drepana), 337. postica (Euproctis), 472. postica (Ganisa), 49. postica (Orgyia), 436. postica (Thiacidas), 445. postincisa (Euproctis), 474. postvitta (Artona), 234. potatoria (Odonestis), 425. pramestra (Lyinantria), 462. Pramila, 191. prasana (Cerura), 156. prasina (Amydona), 421. pretiosa (Chalcosia), 267. pretiosa, var. albina (Chalcosia), 267. primularis (Agalope), 282. primularis (Eupterote), 59. primulina (Herpa), 257. princeps (Artaxa), 476. princeps (CEdemato- poda), 207. Prismosticta, 51. privata (Hypsa), 503. procera (Phalera), 134. processionea (Cnetho- cainpa), 64. Procodeca, 440. Procotes, 239. producta (Hypsa), 503. prominens (Eisoba), 186. promittens (Antipha), 494. properta (Phacusa), 241. propexa (Contheyla), 385. Protoparce, 103. provocans (Oraesia), 176. proxima (Macroglossa), 114. prunicolor (Drepana), 337. prunosa (Ohaerocainpa), 87. pryeri (Attacus), 16. pryeri (Eumeta), 291. Psalis, 447. Pseudojana, 48. Pseudomesa, 455. pseudonaga (Acosmeryx), 82. Pseudosesia, 191. Pseudosphinx, 104. Psyche, 297. Psychidaj, 289. Psychinae, 292. Psychoidinae, 303. Psichotoe, 225. Pterodecta, 324. Pteroma, 296. Pterophoridse, 12. Pterothysanidae, 430. Pterothysanus, 430. Pteroxys, 302. pudibunda (Dasychira), 447. pudica (Dasychira), 449. pudicula (Ehodoneura), 355. pudorinus (Smerinthus), 80. puellaris (Oha3rocampa), 87. pulchella (Erasmia), 273. pulchella(Heterusia),252. pulcherrima (Drepana), 339. pulcherrima (Pheosia), 161. pulchra (Antherasa), 18. pullata (Oallaania), 176. pulh'gonis (Cania), 396. pumilio (Lophura), 111. punctata ( Candy ba), 397. punctata (Naclia), 226. puucticilia (Cispia), 493. punctifascia (Cispia), 492. punctimargo (Phassus), 319. punctivenata (Chasrocam- pa), 93. punica (Parasa), 389. pura (Perina), 486. purpurascens (Callar- tona), 233. purpurascens (Estigena), purpurascens (Phassus), 319. pusilla (Artaxa), 475. pusilla (Azygophleps), 310. pusilla (G-urelca), 111. 522 ALPHABETICAL pusilla (Lymantria), 463. pustulifera (Trisula),447. Pydna, 138. pygmaea (Euproctis), 475. pyraliata (Durdara), 358. Pyralidae, 11. pyraliformis (Danaka), 176. pyretorum (Saturnia), 23. pyriformis (Odonestis), 427. pvriniata (Anisodes), 354. pyrrhochroma (Aroa). 439. quadrangularis ( Amicta), quadrangularis (Chtero- tricha), 480. quadricincta (Bombyx), 4Uo. quadricolor (Lophoso- ma), 237. quadrifascia (Syntomis), quadrifasciata (Chalco- sia), 2< ;r>. quadrifasciata (Messata), 01. quadrilinea (Mahaula), 401. quadrimaculata (Brachar- tona), 233. quadrinotata (Arbela), 314. quadriplagiata (Pseudo- mesa), 456. quadripunctata (Dendro- cera), 231. quadripunctata (Drepa- . na),341. quaterna (Sphinx), 108. quercifolia (Gastro- pacha), 428. quinaria (Drepana), 335. quinquecincta (Sesia), 196. Rachia, 131. Radhica, 412. rafflesii (Chasrocampa), 85. raja (Heterusia), 259. rajah (Pachythyris), 368. Ramesa, 142. rana (Euproctis), 482. rangoonensis (Sciapte- ron), 192. rara (Gynautocera), 279. rara (Thosea), 380. Ratarda, 493. raya (Phalera), 134. recta (Metanastria), 411. recta (Thosea), 378. rectifascia (Eupterote), 58. rectifascia (Macroglossa), 118. rectificata (Eucbera), 328. rectilinea (Arguda), 414. rectilinea (Triptogon), 69. rectistria (Oraesia), 176. Redoa, 487. refulgena (Chrysartona), 232. regulua (Macroglossa). 112. religiosae (Bombyx), 37. remicauda (Tarsolepis), 127. renalis (Polyploca), 183. renigera (Aganais), 496. renoiuinata (Euproctis), 471. repanda (Metanastria), 411. repanda (Parasa), 388. repanda (Sphecodoptera), 189. Repena. -Hi). repugnans (Risoba), 186. rest it urn ( Iclithvura), 171. reticulalis (Rhodoneura), 356. reticulata (Laginia), 354. reticulata (Pharambara), 361. reticulata (Thermesia), 354. reticulatum (Camptochi- IUB), 351. RvliiKi, 251. retract alum (Cerato- nema), 394. rhabdophora (Acantho- l)svche), L>'.I7. Rhaiiiphoschisma, lllj. Khapliidognatha, -j:;i. rhebus (Euchromia), 228. rhesus (Chcerocampa), 92. rhoda (Euproctis), 473. Rhodia, 25. rhodina (Lymantria), 461. Rhodoneura, 355. rhodope (Papilio), 280. rhodoptera (Ambulyx), 77. Rhodosoma, 122. Rhopalopsyche, 111. Ricine, 440. ricini (Attacus), 17. ridens (Polyploca), 182. Rilia, 447. Rinaca, 21. rinaria (Caviria), 490. rivularis (Chaerocainpa), 84. robertsi (Deilephila), 99. romanovi (Anipelo- phaga), 83. roricyanea (Zeuzera), 312. rosacea (Leucophlebia), 74. Rosama, 168. rosea (Arguda), 413. rosea (Lymantria), }<>.">. roseus (Gangarides), 42. rosina (Chaerocampa), 87. rotunda (Psyche), 299. rotundapex (Oreta), 350. rotundata (Lacida), 442. royi (Salassa), 27. r"yli-i ( Autlieni-a), 18. \mbulyx), 78. rubescens (Di India), 105. riil)ida (Cycnia). 4 »L'. ruliii,rinea (Besaia), 171. nil>iurinosa (Ambulyx), 7-. rubiginosa (Ampelo- phaga), 83. rubiginosa (Messata), 61. rubra (Hemaris), 120. rubribasis (Alophogas- ter), 287. rubricosa (Ambulyx), 79. rubripennis (Lajlia), 441. rubrivitta (Soritia rufa (Kosala), 419. rufa (Notodonta), 163. rufareta (Rhodoneura), 363. rufescens (Brahmsea), 30. rufescens (Natada), 380. ruffa (Bombyx), 347. ruficincta (Trichocerota), 190. rufodisca (Eupterote), 58. rufofasciata (Drepana), 334. rufotessellata (Altha), 398. rugosa (Natada), 382. rustica (Protaparce), 103. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 523 saccharutn (Phrag- matoecia), 313. sadana (Drepana), 341. sagrara (Aroa), 439. sagroides (Euproctis), 482. Salassa, 26. salsettensis (Phassus), 318. sangana (Phalera), 134. Sangatissa, 63. sanguiflua (Amesia), 272. sanguinea (Habrosyne), 179. sanguinea (Kosala), 418. sanguinea (Oreta), 348. sanguinosa (Sphinx), 123. sapphirina (Clelea), 239. sargania (Syntomis), 210. Saronaga, 182. satanas (Acherontia), 67. Sataspes, 121. saturalis (Arsacia), 176. saturata (Lophopteryx), 166. Saturnia, 21. Saturniidae, 12. saturnus (Bombyx), 29. satyriniformis (Melittia), 202. saundersi (Hemaris), 119. sawanta (Dasychira), 452. scabiosse (Hemaris), 119. scalaris (Azygophleps), 310. scapularis (Panacra), 90. schauffelbergii (Ambu- lyx), 77. schoenerrhi (Syntomia), 213. Sciapteron, 191. scintillans (Eterusia), 260. scintillans (Euproctis), 483. scintillans (Heteropan), 256. scitaria (Striglina), 354. scolioides (Trilochana), 191. Scopelodes, 373. sculpta (Angonyx), 102. securis (Dasychira), 453. selene (Actias), 13. selene (Chalcosia), 279. selene (Histia), 280. semicincta (Lymantria), 466. semifasciata (Macro- glossa), 115. semifervens (Ambulyx), 78. semifusca (Hypsa), 499. semihyalina (Dendro- phleps), 491. semihyalina (Lenodora), 424. semihyalina (Trypano- phora), 249. semipavonaria (Auzata), 331. semisignata (Euproctis), 473. semitesselalis (Ehodo- neura), 358. semivitta (Euproctis), 474. Sephisa, 259. sericea (Cania), 395. sericea (Caviria). 490. sericea (Hypsa), 503. sericea (Natada), 382. sericea (Kedoa), 488. sericea (Scopelodes), 374. sericea (Trisuloides), 494. sericeipennis (Ambulyx), 77. sericeus (Philampelus), 81. serrata (Syntomis), 221. servula (Antheua), 145. Sesia, 196. Sesiidse, 187. sexnotatus (Palpifer), 317. sexpunctata (Soritia), 252. shadulla (Neoris), 24. shaharaa (Soritia), 253. shervillei (Acosmeryx), 82. sherwilli (Bombyx), 37- shevaroyensis (Apona), 53. siamensis (Euchromia), 228. siamica (Syntomis), 228. siculoides (Pachythyris), 368. sienna (Aroa), 438. signata (Heterusia), 261. signata (Lenodora), 423. signata (Ocinara), 35. signata (Odonestis), 426. signata (Susica), 382. signata (Zeuzera), 307. signifer (Phassus), 320. signifera (Ocinara), 34. sikhima (Notodonta), 163. sikkima (Celeia), 169. sikkima (Eumeta), 291. sikkima (Gunda), 36. sikkima (Loepa), 25. sikkima (Notodonta), 163. sikkima (Parayetta), 176. sikkima (Pheosia), 162. sikkima (Pydna), 141. sikkima (Sciapteron), 193. sikkima (Stenophyl- loides), 429. sikkimensis (Artona), 235. sikkimensis (Campy- lotes), 274. sikkimensis (Stauropus), 150. siletti (Numenes), 456. silhetensis (Chsero- campa), 88. silhetensis (Triptogon), 69. silhetica (Penora), 488. silhetica (Saturnia), 15. silvandra (Bombyx), 499. similata (Chalcosia), 266. similis (Chilena), 416. similis (Digama), 505. similis (Endoclyta), 319. similis (Eupterote), 54. similis (Ganisa), 49. similis (Lymantria), 462. similis (Messata), 61. similis (Parasa), 389. simillima (Drepana), 336. simillima (Hemaris), 119. simla (Saturnia), 23. simplex (Aroa), 438. simplex (Nisaga), 63. simplicia (Loepa), 26. sinensis (Bombyx), 32. sinensis (Tadema), 377. sinensis (Thosea), 379. sinensis (Triptogon), 69. sinuata (Eupterote), 54. sinuata (Gastropacha), 428. sinuata (Gluphisia), 176. sitiene (Macroglossa), 115. siva (Taragama), 405. sivalica (Anthercea), 18. 524 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. sladeni (Syntomis), 217. Smerinthinse, 68. snelleni (Acanthopsyche), 296 Snellenia, 206. sobrina (Lymantria), 461. socrus (Aroa), 439. Somena, 471. Somera, 153. Soinmeria, 504. Sonagara, 353. sordida (Stilpnotia), 444. Soritia, 251. Spalyria, 54. Spatalia, 168. spatulata (Araeogyia), 395. Spatulicraspeda, 391. Spatulifirabria, 391. spectabilis (Borabya), 30. spectabilis (Polypty- chus), 71. specularia (Drepana), 335. specularis (Drepana), 340. sperchia (Euchromia), 226. sperchius (Smerinthus), 69. Sphecia, 188. Sphecodoptera, 189. Sphingidae, (55. sphingiforrais (Dudusa), 128. sphingiformis (Mustilia), 39. Sphingince, 102. Sphingognatha, 46. sphoraria (Phambara), 360. Spica, 342. splendida (Rhodoneura), 363. spoliata (Corma), 268. Staintonia, 208. staudingeri (Melittia), 203. Stauropus, 149. stellatarum (Macro- glossa), 113. stelligera (Amesia), 278. Stenophylloides, 429. stigmata (Encaurna- ptera), 316. stigmata (Lebeda), 410. stigmaticus (Cossus), 306. stigmigera (Phalera), stipata (Chrysartona), 232. stoliczkana (Saturnia), 24. striata (Rachia), 132. striatalis (Hypolamprus), 365. striativena (Rhodeneura), 363. strigata (Dasychira), 449. strigata (Pheosia), 161. strigatula (Siculodes), 356. strigifascia (Niganda), 138. strigipennis (Melittia), 203. strigipennis (Pida), 457. strigipennis (Sonagara), strigivenata (Hypsa), 503. Striglina, 353. strigosa (Sonagara), 354. strigula (Chilena), 417. strigulifera (Antipha), 494. strix (Duomitus), 3()7. styx (Acherontia), 67. (Ingura), 17C>. sub;iurata (Syntomis), L'L-:;. subcordata (Tbyrassia), 238. subcostalis (Miresa), 423. subcostalis (Rhodo- neura), 362. subcurvifera (Sangatissa), 63. subcyanea (Pompelon), •11 \ . subcyanescens (Cyclosia), m, subdita (Euproctis), 485. subdita (Eupterote), 54. subdives (Apha), 51. subf'ascia (Orgyia), 445. subfascia (Peridrome), 497. subfasciata (Euproctis), 472. subfuscula (Euproctis), 475. subhyalina, var. primu- lina (Herpa), 258. subinanis (Topomesa), 469. sublutea (Eterusia), 260. submarginalis (Deva- nica), 260. submarginalis (Ichthy- ura), 176. subm argin alis( Syntom is) , 218. submarginata (Leucoma), 487. subnigra (Euproctis), 485. subnotata (Aroa), 438. subnotata (Belgoraca), 397. subnotata (Hanisa), 40. subnotata (Orrasca), 483. subocellata (Ambulyx), 78. subparallela (Lasio- campa), 408. subquadrata (Aganopsis), 107. subrosealis (Hypolam- ' prus), .".»'.»>. bsi subsimilis (Hypsa), 501. substigmaria (Euchera), 327. suKstrigilis (Ambulyx), substrigosa (Aroa), 439. pubstrigosa (Caviria), I-'.'. substrigosa (Lasio- campa), 408. subteralbata (Acantho- psyche), -'• subtesselata (Addasa), 353. subtincta (Stilpnotia), 486. subvitrea (Leucoma), 489. suffusa (Eupterote), 55. suffusa (Laelia), 441. suffusa (Oreta), 348. suffusa (Susica), 382. sulphurea (Gastropacha), 421. sulphurescens (Euproc- tis), 474. superans (Lymantria), 462, superior (Sonagara), 354. Susica, 377. Syntomidse, 209. Syntomis, 212. Syntomoides, 209. syntomoides (Callitomis), 224. Syrastrena, 414. ALPHABETICAL TNDEX. 525 tabaniforme(Sciapteron), 191. tacta (Eigema), 453. Tadema, 377. tagalica (Sataspes), 122. Tagora, 46. taooensis (Dreata), 54. taprobana (Varnia), 368. taprobanes (Trypano- phora), 250. taprobanis (Attacus), 15. taprobanus (Hepialus), 317. Taragama, 404. tarsella (Snellenia), 207. Tarsolepis, 126. Tascia, 237. Tasema, 236. tavoyanus (Palpifer), 317. taxicolor (Macroglossa), 115. Teldenia, 332. templetonii (Oiketicus), 290. tenebrosa (Chaerocainpa), 92. tenebrosa (Dasychira), 451. tenebrosa (Fentonia), 149. tenebrosa (Hyperaschra), 164. tenebrosa (Phaousa), 241. teneiformis (Trichseta), 225. tenuimarginatum (Sci- apteron), 193. terminata (Pantana), 444. tertius (CEceticus), 290. tesselatus (Cossus), 315. testacea (Angonyx), 101. testacea (Eupterote), 61. testacea (Harapa), 443. testacea (Laelia), 442. testacea (Procodeca), 441. testacea (Pydna), 139. testacea (Scopelodes), 374. teta (Nisaga), 64. Tetragonus, 322. tetraonalis (Ehodo- neura), 357. tetraonis (Arbela), 315. Tetraphleps, 383. tetrio (Pseudosphinx), 104. textor (Bombyx), 32. Tineidae, 12. Thacona, 135. thallo (Chalcosia), 266. thelebas (Euchromia), 228. Themaca, 470. Theophila, 37. Theretra, 99. thermesioides (Homo- des), 354. theylia (Chaerocainpa), 85. Thiacidas, 445. thibeta (Saturnia), 22. thoracica (Belippa), 400. thoracica (Syntomis), 224. Thosea, 377. thwaitesi (Aprata), 304. thwaitesi (Dasychira), 449. thwaitesii (Ambulyx), 78. thwaitesii (Aristhala), 36. Thyatira, 180. Thymara, 288. Thymistada, 343. thyralis (Pyralis), 358. Thyrassia, 238. Thyridida3, 352. thyridophora (Leucoma), 488. tiberina (Chalcosia), 266. tigrina (Syntomis), 218. tiraesius (Sphinx), 69. Tinsegeriidse, 206. tinctifera (Euproctis), 494. Tintbia, 199. tipuliformis (Sesia), 196. tisiphone (Sphinx), 87. todara (Eupterote), 58. todara (Lymantria), 463. Topomesa, 469. Torona, 138. torpida (Phalera), 134. torrida (Crinocraspeda), 420. tortuosa (Hypsa), 501. tosta (Eamesa), 143. Toxoides, 185. Trabala, 421. translate (Eupterote), 61. transversa (Elydna), 176. transversa (Eterusia), 254. transversa (G-azalina), 469. transversa (Tyracona), 186. transversata (Aphendala), 378. Trianeura, 212. triangularia (Ditrigona), 332. Trichasta, 225. Trichiura, 420. Trichocerota, 199. tricincta (Sesia), 197. tricolor (Glanycus), 370. tricolor (Heterusia), 260. trifascia (Lasiocampa), 408. trifascialis (Hypolam- prus), 366. trifasciata (Artaxa), 472. trifenestrata (Cricula), 28. trilinearia (Drepana), 338. trilineatus (Polyptychus), 69. triliturata (Eterusia), 252. Trilocha, 34. Trilochana, 190. trilochoides (Andraca), 40. trima (Orthocraspeda), 393. trimacula (Heterusia). 260. trimeronalis (Addsea), 353. triopus (Ehodosoma), tripartita (Thosea), 378. Triplophleps, 392. tripunctata (Thymis- tada), 343. triseriata (Dreata), 64. tristis (Messata), 65. tristis (Ehodoneura), 364. Trisuloides, 494. Trochilium, 188. troglodytus (Macro- glossa), 113. Tropiea, 13. truncata (Panacra), 90. Trypanophora, 249. turbata (Ambulyx), 78. turbata (Orgyia), 437. Turnaca, 136. Tussur moth, 19. umbrifera (Hyboina), 176. umbrina (Laelia), 442. umbrina (Lymantria), 463. undans (Eupterote), 61. 526 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. undans (Metanastria), 410. undata (Eupterote), 54. undifera (Dreata), 54. undulata (Ichthyura), 174. undulata (Osica), 186. undulifer (Phassus), 320. undulifera (Gastro- pacha), 428. undulosa (Bhima), 404. undulosa (Tagora), 46. unicincta (Sesia), 196. unicolor (Eupterote), 62. unicolor (Natada), 382. unicolor (Scopelodes), 375. unifascia (Sjntomis), 212. unifascia (Thosea), 379. uniformis (Gharnidas), 471. uniformis (Euproctis), 483. uniformis (Laelia), 442. uniformis (Protoparce), 104. uniformis (Pteroxys), 302. uniformis (Rhodoneura), 362. uniformis (Sataspes), 121. unimacula (Artaxa), 477. urania (Eterusia), 260. Uraniidae, 9. ursina (Scopelodes), 374. usta (Agnidra), 336. Utidava, 471. Uxela, 172. vagabunda (Oraesia), 176. vagans (Panacra), 89. valentula (Pompelon), 271. vampyrus (Pergesa), 86. varia (Antheua), 145. varia (Dasychira), 450. varia (Euproctis), 480. varia (Trabala), 430. variaus (Euproctis), 475. varians (Ocinara), 35. variegata (Clania), 291. variegata (Daplasa), 458. variegata (Euproctis), 481. variegata (Eupterote), 54. variegata (Hyperaeschra), 165. variegata (Lebeda), 409. variegata (Norasuma), 36. variegata (Pitrasa), 186. variegata (Trisula), 430. variolosa (Chaerocampa), 89. varipes (Tinthia), 199. Varmina, 434. Varnia, 368. vatama (Oreta), 349. vates (Diludia), 105. vau-nigra (Leucoma), 487. velata (Chaerocampa), 91. velata (Ohazena), 35. velox (Apocalypsis), 107. velox (Sphinx), 93. velutina (Narosa), 398. velutina (Natada), 882. venalba (Hypsa), 499. venaria (Phalaena), 269. venosa (Cispia), 492. venosa (Euproctis), 473. venosa (Herpa), 257. venosa (La>lia), 443. venosa (Penora), 494. venosa (Scopelodes), 374. venosata (Gazalina), 468. venosia (Chalcosia), S ventralis (Sataspea), 122. venusta (Oyclosia), 278. venustum (Megasonia), 405. ver8icolor(Antheraea), 18. vespertilionis (Cama- dena), 367. vespoides (Arachotia), 245. vesta (Attacus), 16. vestigiata (Teldenia), 332. vestita (Contheyla), 385. vialis (Eupterote), 62. vialis (Macroglossa), 112. vialis (Risoba), 186. vialis (Sonagaris), 354. vicina (Thyatira), 180. vidhisara (PhaLacra), 345. vigil (Chairocampa), 88. vilis (Gorgopis), 321. vilis (Thiacidas), 44r>. vinacea (Chaerocampa), vinacea (Drepana), 337. vinacea (Lymantria), 461. vinaceus (Stauropus), vinata (Arguda), 413. vinosa (Eupterote), 54. vinosa (Rhodoneura), 361. vinula (Dicranura), 157. viola (Lymantria), 465. violacea (Drepana), 336. violacea (Oreta), 349. vira (Drepana), 342. virescens (Dasychira), 451. virescens (Heterusia), 262. virescens (Monoschalis), 238. virescens (Stauropus), 151. virginalis (MiUeria), 203. virguncula (Euproctis), 485. viridatrix (Dysodia), 369. viridescens (Orgyia), 437. viridescens (Stauropus), 151. viridifusca (Somera), 1 ."• I. viri.lis (Parasa), ! viridis (Phassus). :i_'l. viridivena (Soritia), L':>.".. vishnu (Trabala), !'_'l. visum (Pantana), 444. viti-llina (Euproctis), 476. viU-llina (Pitrasa), 186. vitessoides (Aganai^), 499. vitrea (Psyche), 299. vitrea (Syntomis), 218. vitrina (Dysodia), 368. vittata (Lenodora), 423. vittipalpis (Lonomia), 42. volans (Syntomoides), 211. volatilis (Melittia), 202. volucris (Macroglossa), 111. vulgaris (Problepsis), 352. vulpina (Lebeda), 409. vulpina (Scopelodes), 375. walkeri (Attacus), 16. walkeri (Macroglossa), 116. wallichii (Brahmaea), 30. westwoodi (Elcysma), 284. White Borer, 312. whitei (Brahmaea), 31. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 527 wimberleyi (Syntomis), xanthosoma (Ichneu- zehma (Milleria), 266. 219. menoptera), 195. zelica (Oorma), 268. wisei (Harpyia), 155. xanthosticta (Sesia), 197. zena (Macroglossa), 113. xerampelina (Aroa), 440. zenotea (Corma), 268. xanthochlora (Cyphanta), Xyleutes, 307. Zenzera, 310. 175. Xylophanes, 84. zenzeroides (Langia), 73. xanthomela (Syntomis), Zeuzera, 310. 219. zaida (Himantopterus), zonula (Durdara), 358. xanthophila (Menapia), 289. zuleika (Ohalcosia), 266. 139. Zana, 144. zuleika (Saturnia), 21. xanthoptera (Drepana), Zaranga, 146. Zygaena, 230. 341. zebra (Artona), 235. Zygsenidae, 228. xanthorrhoea (Porthesia), zebraica (Artona), 235. Zygaeninse, 229. 485. zebrina (Hypsa), 499. PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW RENEWED BOOKS ARE SUBJECT TO IMMEDIATE RECALL LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Book Slip-50m-8,'69(N83l88)458-A-31/5 N9 698126 QL556 Hampson, G.F. H23 Moths. v.l LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS