THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY

OF CALIFORNIA

DAVIS

GIFT OF

W. HARRY LANGE

THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA,

INCLUDING

CEYLON AND BURMA.

PUBLISHED UNDUE THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF
STATE FOR INDIA IN COUNCIL.

EDITED BY W. T. BLANFORD.

MOTHS.— VoL II.

BY

G. F. HAMPSON.

LOND ON:
TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION" COURT, FLEET STREET.

CALCUTTA: I BOMBAY:

THACKEK, SPINE, & CO. THACKEE & CO., LIMITED.

BEELIN:
R. FRIEDLANDER & SOHN, 11 CAELSTRAS8E.

1894,

LIBRARY

FLAMMAM.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

PREFACE.

THE three families dealt with in the present volume, the
Arctiida, Agaristidte, and Noctuida, are very closely allied
and in some cases difficult to discriminate. The Arctiida may
be distinguished from the Noctuida by vein 8 of the hind wing
anastomosing with vein 7 to the middle of the cell, though a
few of the lower forms of the Noctuida have a similar structure,
especially in the Sarrothripina, which are closely allied to the
Nolince, the lowest subfamily of the ArctiidtSj and almost
grade into them.

The Noctuida are a large family of Moths dominant at the
present day, and consist of several subfamilies and a very large
number of genera and species with such slight diversities of
structure and pattern as to make a satisfactory classification
of them far more difficult than of any other family. The
lowest forms are those of which the larvae have four pairs of
abdominal prolegs, and the perfect insects have vein 5 of the
hind wing fully developed and from the centre of the disco-
cellulars — this ancestral form being only found in some
Deltoidirue and Sarrothripinte.

From this type has developed, firstly the subfamilies with
vein 5 of the hind wing fully formed : (1) Deltoidince, (2) Fo-
cillina, (3) Quadrifina, (4) Gonopterina, (5) Stictopterin&j
(6) EuteliirHB, (7) Sarrothripina, (8) Palmdiince; secondly,
the subfamilies which have vein 5 of the hind wing obso-
lescent: (1) Acontiinte, (2) Trifina.

The other family, the Agaristida, is a modification of the
Noctuidte, with the antennae more or less dilated towards the
extremity, and consists of a few genera with gaily coloured
species of diurnal or crepuscular habits.

IV PREFACE.

In this volume, as in the first, Cotes and Swinhoe's Cata-
logue has been of the greatest service, and has saved all the
time and trouble that would, without its help, have been
expended on a preliminary search for references. Every
reference quoted in the present work has been verified
by the Editor from the original publication, a severe test to
apply to a book containing so large a synonymy as Cotes
and Swinhoe's.

No attempt has been made in this or in the preceding
volume to decide finally whether many of the forms
described are entitled to rank as species, varieties, geo-
graphical or seasonal forms. Much more study of
structure, and especially of the claspers of the male
insect, will be needed before similar questions can be
satisfactorily determined. The main object of the present
work is to enable students to identify and classify the
various forms, and thus to establish a workable basis for
further enquiry as to their relations to each other. With
this end in view, the plan adopted has been to unite under
one specific heading those forms having close affinities in
pattern and colour, merely noting their differences, whilst
forms having a more remote relationship receive comparative,
and those still more distantly related non-comparative,
descriptions. In the same way groups of forms nearly
allied in structure constitute sections of genera, others more
remotely related form genera, subfamilies, &c.

Two subfamilies of Noctuida, the Focillina and Deltoidina,
are not included in this volume, but will be placed at the
commencement of the next, which will also contain the
families Epicopiida, Uraniida, Epiplemidte, and Geometridte.
A considerable portion of the next or third volume is ready
for printing, and the whole will, it is hoped, be concluded
in the course of the year.

G. F. HAMPSON.

January 22nd, 1894.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page

Fam. 24. ARCTIID^ 1

Subfam. 1. ArctiincB 1

1. Spilosoma, Steph 3

1. multi^uttatum, Wlk. . 3

2. sangaicum, Wlk 3

3. subfascia, Wlk 4

4. dalbergiae, Moore .... 4

5. punctatum, Moore. ... 4

6. dentilinea, Moore .... 4

7. stigmata, Moore 5

8. mona, Swinh 5

9. gopara, Moore 5

10. ummera, Swinh 6

11. bimaculatum, Moore . . 6

12. jucundum, Butl. .... 6

13. flavale, Moore 6

14. todarum, Moore 7

15. montanum, Gver 7

16. strigatuluin, Wlk 7

17. castaneum, Hmpsn. . . 8

18. rubilinea, Moore 8

19. erythroplileps, Hmpsn. 8

20. brunneum, Moore .... 9

21. casignetum, Koll 9

22. bifasciatum, ILmpsn. . . 9

23. comma, Wlk 10

24. lacteatum, Butl 10

25. melanopsis, Wlk 10

26. rubitinctum, Moore . . 11

27. erythrozona, Koll 11

28. fuscipenne, Hmpsn. . . 11
2. Thyrgorina, Wlk . ... 11

1. indica, Gucr 12

2. multivittata, Moore . . 12

3. nigrifrons, Wlk 12

4. unifascia, Wlk 13

5. discalis, Moore 13

6. obliquivitta, Moore . . 13

7. venosa, Moore 13

VOL. II.

8. flavens, Moore 13

9. biseriata, Moore 14

10. sordida, Moore 14

11. sikkimensis, Moore , . 14

12. eximia, Swinh 14

13. rhodophila, Wlk 15

14. melanosoma, Hmpsn. . 15

3. Arctia, Schrank 15

1. suttadra, Moore 16

2. orientalis, Moore .... 16

3. perornata, Moore .... 16

4. tibetica, Feld 17

5. parvula, Feld 17

6. ricini, Fabr 17

7. transversa, Moore. ... 18

4. Ocnogyna, Rambur 18

1. postflavida, Hmpsn. . . 18

5. Pangora, Moore 19

1. erosa, Wlk 19

2. distorta, Moore 19

3. rubelliana, Swinh 19

4. matherana, Moore .... 20

6. Alphas, Wlk 20

1. fulvohirta, Wlk 20

2. florescens, Moore .... 21

3. imbuta, Wlk 21

4. quadriramosa, Koll. . . 21

5. tigrina, Moore 22

6. leopardina, Koll 22

7. vittata, Moore 22

8. biguttata, Wlk 23

9. nigricans, Moore 23

10. dentata, Wlk 23

11. pannosa, Moore 23

12. sipahi, Moore 24

13. obliquifascia, Hmpsn. . 24

14. tripartita, Wlk 24

15. impleta, Wlk 24

7. Areas, Wlk 24

1. galactina, V. d. Hoev. . . 25
b

VI

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Pape

2. imperialis, Koll 25

3. arginalis, Hmpxn 26

8. Creatonotus, Hilbn . 26

1. interruptus, Gmel 26

2. moorei,l?M# 27

3. collaris, Hmpm 27

4. flavimaigo, Hmpsn. . . 27

5. lactineus, Cram 27

6. negritus, Swinh 28

7. insolatus, Swinh 28

6. albistriga, Wlk 28

9. emittens, Wlk 28

10. simplex, Wlk 29

11. fumipennis, Hmj..sn. . . 2d

9. Phissama, Moore 29

1. tranaiens, Wlk 29

10. Nicaea, Moore 30

1. longipeunis, Wlk 30

11. Leucopardus, Hmpsn 31

1. tigrinus, Hmpsn 31

12. Camptoloma, Feld 31

1. binotatum, Butl 32

13. Moorea, Hmpsn 32

1. argus, Wlk 32

14. Calpenia, Moore 33

1. khasiana, Moore. 33

2. saundersi, Moore .... 34

15. Callimorpha, Latr 34

1. principalis, Koll 35

2. similis, Moore 35

3. plagiata, Wlk 36

4. equitalis, Koll 36

5. nyctemerata, Moore . . 36

6. lichenigera, Feld 36

16. Axiopa r.a, M<'»etr 37

1. maura, Eichw 37

17. Pelochyta, Hiibn 38

1. astrea, Drury 38

Subfaiii. 2. Lithosiince 39

1. Eligma, Hiibn 43

1. narcissus, Cram 43

2. Migoplastis, Feld 44

1. correcta, Wlk 44

2. hampsom, Swinh 44

3. alba, Moore 45

3. Dilemera, Hilbn 45

1. arctata, Wlk 45

2. carissima, Su-inh 46

4. Nyctemera, Hiibn 46

1. lacticinia, Cram 47

2. latistriga, Wlk 47

3. tripunctaria, Linn 47

4. plagifera, Wlk 47

5. cenis, Cram 48

Page

6. varians, Wlk 48

7. selecta, Wlk 49

8. variolosa, Feld 49

9. coleta, Cram 49

5. Secusio, Wlk 50

1. strigata, Wlk 50

6. Argina, Hiibn 50

1. argus, Koll. 51

_. syringa, Cram. ..... 51

3. cribraria, Clerck 51

7. Curoba, Wlk 5i»

1. sangarida, Cram 52

8. Castabala, Wlk 53

1. roseata, Wlk 53

9. Tatagina, Butl 54

l.picta, Wlk 54

10. Deiopia, Steph 54

1. pulchella, Linn 55

2. venusta, Hi'tlm 55

11. Cyana, Wlk 56

1. peregrina, Wlk 5<»

2. puella, Drun/ 57

3. amabilis, Moore 57

4. effracta, Wlk 57

5. perornata, W 'Ik 57

6. bianca, Wlk 58

7. subornata, Wlk 58

8. Candida, Feld 58

9. signa, Wlk 58

10. puer, Elwes 59

11. guttifera, Wlk 59

12. sikkimensis, Elwes. ... 59

13. divakara, Moore .... 60

14. molleri, Elwes <'.0

15. detrita, Wlk 60

16. gelida, Wlk 60

17. bellissima, Moore .... 61

18. coccinea, Moore 01

19. harterti, Elwes 6L

20. gazella, Moore 61

21. arama, Moore 62

22. dohertyi, Ehces 62

12. Kerala, Moore 62

1. punctilineata, Moore . , 62

13. Dohertya, Hmpm 63

1. cyniatophoroides,

Hmpsn 63

14. Adrepsa, Moore 64

1. stilbioides, Moore .... 64

15. Agrisius, Wlk 64

1. guttivitta, Wlk 64

2. fuliginosus, Moore. ... 65

16. Macrobrochis,//e/T.->S'c/^//. 65

1. gigas, Wlk 65

2. prasena, Moore 66

3. pailens, Hmpsn 66

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Vll

17. Sidyma, Wlk

1. albifinis, Wlk

2. apicalis, Moore

3. beema, Moore

4. maculata, Moore ....

5. remelana, Moore ....

6. bipars, Moore

18. Mahavira, Moore

1. flavicollis, Moore ....

19. Gnophria, Steph

1. sericeipennis, Moore . .

2. albocinerea, M oore . . . .

3. divisa, Moore

4. rufifrons, Moore

5. postfusca, Hmpsn

20. Paraona, Moore

1. splendens, Bull

21. Philagria, Kirbij

1. entella, Cram

22. Chrysseglia, Butl.

1. magnifica, Wlk

2o. (Eonistis, Hilbn

1. quadra, Linn

24. Chrysorabdia, Butl

1. viridata, Wlk

2. bivitta, Wlk

25. Thysanoptyx, Hmpsn

1 . tetragona, Wlk

20. Ptyopterota, Hmpsn

1. obscura, Hmpsn.

27. Prabhasa, Moore

1. venosa, Moore

2. fimbriata, Hmpsn.

3. flavicosta, Moore . . .

4. plumbeomicans,

Hmpsn

5. fuscistriga, Hmpsn. .

6. distorta, Moore

28. Lophoneura, Hmpsn.

1. uniformis, Hmpsn.

29. Lithosia, Fabr

1. varana, Moore

2. nivea, Moore

3. calamaria, Moore . . .

4. antica, Wlk

5. fumidisca, Hmpsn.. . .

6. grisola, Hiibn

7. toscicilia, Hmpsn. . . .

8. prabana, Moore

9. chota, Sivinh

] 0. brunnea, Moore

11. auriflua, Moore

12. microxantha, Hmpsn,

13. nigripars, Wlk

14. colon, MoschJer

lo. reticulata, Moore . . .

Page

67

67
67
67
68

68

69

69

69

70

70

70

70

71

71

71

71

72

72

73

73

73

74

74

74

75

75

75

76

76

76

77

77
77
77
78
78
79
7fl
79
79
79
80
8(
8C
81
81
81

82

16. cubitifera, Hmpsn. .

17. anofulifera, Feld. . . .

18. obliterans, Feld

19. brevipennis, Wlk. . . .

20. punctifera, Hmpm. .

21. conformis, Wlk

22. basigera, Wlk

23. pallida, Moore

24. nebecula, Moore . . .

25. quadrisignata, Moore.

26. tortricoides, Wlk

27. inter rnixta, Wlk. . . .

28. nigrifrons, Moore . . .

29. cucullata, Moore . . .

30. euchana, Sivinh.

31. terminalis, Moore . . .

32. fasciata, Moore

33. pallens, Moore

34. vagesa, Moore

30. Mithuua, Moore

1. quadriplaga, Moore .

31. Teulisna, Wlk

1. tumida, Wlk

2. protuberans, Moore .

3. obliquistria, Hmpsn..

4. inducta, Wlk

5. uniplaga, Hmpsn. . . .

32. Nishada, Moore

1. flabrifera, Moore . . .

2. rotundipennis, Wlk. .

33. Gampola, Moore

1. fasciata, Moore

2. binotata, Hmpsn. . .

34. Simareea, Moore

1. basinota, Moore . .

35. Hemonia, Wlk

1. orbiferana, Wife. . .

36. JEmene, Wlk

1. griaea, Hmpsn

2. taprobanis, Wlk. . .

3. maculifascia, Moore

4. guttulosana, Wlk. . .

5. nilgirica, Hmpsn. . .

6. tenebrosa, Moore . .

7. multipuncta,_ffw?/;>w.

8. sagittifera, Moore . .

37. Costarcha, Hmpsn

1. indistincta, Hmpsn.

38. Oxacme, Hmpsn

1. dissimilis, Hmpxn.. .

39. Utriculifera, Hmpsn. . .

1. fuscapex, Hmpsn. . .

40. Narasodes, Moore

1. punctana, Wlk.

41. Diduga, Moore

1. fumipennis, Hmpm.

Page

82
82
82
82
83
83
83
83
83
83
84
84
84
84
84
85
85
85
85
86
86
86
86
87
87
87
88
88
88

. 88
, 89
. 89
. 90
. 90
. 90
. 91
. 91
. 91
. 91
. 92
. 92
. 92
. 92
. 93
. 93
. 93
. 93
. 94
. 94
. 94
. 94
. 95
. 95
. 95
, . 96
96

Till

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page

2. costata, Moore 96

3. albicosta, Hmpsn 96

42. Pseudoblabes, Zell 97

1. oophora, Zell 97

43. Garudinia, Moore 97

1. latana, Wlk 98

44. Padenia, Moore 98

1. transversa, Wlk 98

45. Eugoa, Wlk 99

1. bipunctata, Wlk 99

2. strigivenata, Hmpsn. . 99

3. roseivena, Hmpsn 99

46. Anachrostis, Hmpsn 100

1. mgripuncta, Hmpsn. . . 100

2. bifasciata, Hmpsn. . . 100

3. inconstans, Moore . . 100

47. Trischalis, Hmpsn 101

1. flava, Hmpsn 101

2. dulcicula, Swinh 101

48. Tropacme, Hmpsn 101

1. cupreimargo, Hmpsn. . 101

49. Notata, Hmpsn 102

1. parva, Hmpsn 102

50. Holocraspedum, Hmpsn. . 102

1. nigropunctum, Hmpsn. 102

51. Trichogyia, Hmpsn 103

1. semifascia, Hmpsn. . . 103

52. Idopterum, Hmpsn 103

1. ovnle, Hmpsn 103

2. rubrimargo, Hmpsn.. . 104

3. dudgeoni, Elwes 104

4. anornalurn, Elwes .... 104

53. Scaptesyle, Wlk 104

1. tricolor, Wlk 104

2. bicolor, Wlk 105

54. Gurna, Swinh 105

1. indica, Moore 105

55. Nepita, Moore 105

1. conferta, Wlk 106

2. hilaris, Wlk 106

3. frigida, Wlk 107

56. Miltochrista, Hiibn 107

1. strigivenata, Hmpsn., . 107

2. dentifascia, Hmpsn. . . 108

3. undulosa, Wlk 108

4. complicata, Butl 10£

5. prominens, Moore ....

6. semifascia, Wlk 109

7. nigralba, Hmpsn 109

8. multistriata, Hmpsn. . . 109

9. parallelina, Hmpsn. . . 110

10. linga, Moore 110

11. delicata, Moore 110

12. palniata, Moore 110

13. maculifasciata,.Z?w/?s?z. 110

Page

14. strigipennis, If err. -

Schaff. Ill

15. fuscalis, Hmpsn Ill

16. suffusa, Hmpsn Ill

17. rubricosa, Moore .... Ill

18. arcuata, Moore 112

19. ila, Moore 112

20. solita, Wlk 112

21. magna, Hmpsn 112

22. pallida, Moore 113

23. sexpuncta, Hmpsn. . . 113

24. spilosomoides, Moore .113

25. dharina, Moore 113

L'<>. infumata, Feld 113

27. fuscifusa, Swinh 113

28. cylletona, Swinh 114

29. aurantiaca, Moore .... 114

30. obliqua, Hmpsn 114

31. congerens, Feld 114

32. ruptifascia, Hmpsn. . . 1 14

33. floccosa, Wlk 114

34. subcervina, Wlk 114

35. nubilalis, Hmpsn 115

36. humilis, Wlk 115

37. varians, Hmpsn 115

38. andamana, Moore ....

39. conjunctana, Wlk. . .

40. euprepioides, Wlk. . .

41. radians, Moore

42. zebrina, Moore

43. coccinea, Moore

44. rhodina, Herr.-Schiif. .

45. cuneonotata, Wlk

46. punicea, Moore

47. cruciata, Wlk

48. inflexa, Moore

49. postnigra, Hmpsn

50. gratiosa, Guer

51. delicia, Sivinh ,

52. esinia, Swinh ,

53. flavivenosa, Moore. . . ,

54. nubifascia, Wlk. . . .

55. melanoleuca, Hmpsn.

56. trirnacula, Hmpsn. . . .

57. Tricholepis, Hmpsn. . . .

1. erubescens, Hmpsn. .

2. unifprmis, Hmpsn. .

58. Macluevopkora, Hmpsn. .

1. fulvipuncta, Hmpsn. .

59. Xanthocraspeda, Hmpsn.

1. marginata, Wlk. . . .

60. Thumatha, Wlk,

1. fuscescens, Wlk. . . .

61. Nudaria, If aw

1. apicalis, Wlk

115
116
116
116
116
117
117
117
117
118
118
118
118
119
119
119
119
120
120
120
120
121
121
121
121
122
122
122
122
123

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

IX

Page

2. suffusa, Hmpsn 123

3. fasciata, Moore 123

4. margaritacea, Wlk. . . 123

5. coavestis, Hmpsn 124

6. punctata, Moore .... 124
62. Paloeopsis, Hmpsn 124

1. diaphanella, Hmpsn.. . 124

03. Schistophleps, Hmpsn. . . 124

1. bipuncta, Hmpsn 125

64. Chamaita, Wlk 125

1. neuropteroides, Hmpsn. 125

2. nympha, Moore 126

65. Cacyparis, Wlk 126

1. insolitata, Wlk 126

2. laeta, Wlk 127

3. prunifera, Swinh 127

66. Chandica, Moore 127

1. quadripennis, Moore . . 127

Subfam. 3. Nycteolince 128

1. Sinna, Wlk 128

1. dohertyi, Elwes 129

2. Ariolica, Wlk 129

1. triangulifera, Moore . . 129

2. superba, Moore 129

3. pulchella, Elwes 130

3. Tyana, Wlk 130

1. callichlora, Wlk 130

2. pustulifera, Wlk 131

3. chloroleuca, Wlk 131

4. falcata, Wlk 131

4. Halias, Treitschke 132

1. orientalis, Hmpsn 132

5. Earias, Hiibn 132

1. insulana, Boisd 133

2. fabia, Stall 133

3. chromataria, Wlk 133

4. uninotata, Wlk 134

5. luteolaria, Hmpsn 134

6. Paracrama, Moore 134

1. dulcissiina, Wlk 134

2. saturata, Wlk 135

7. Siglophora, Bull 135

1. sanguinolenta, Moore . 135

8. Gabala, Wlk 136

1. polyspilalis, Wlk 136

9. Topadesa, Moore 137

1. sanguinea, Moore .... 137

Subfam. 4. Nolince 137

1 . Deltapterum, Hmpsn 138

1. peguense, Hmpsn 138

2. Nola, Leach 138

1. basimicans, Hmpsn. . . 139

2. fragilis, Swinh 139

3. erythrostigmata,

Hmpsn 139

4. denticulata, Moore .... 140

5. confus&liSjHerr.-ScficifF. 140

6. grisalis, Hmpsn 140

7. angulata, Moore 140

8. astigma, Hmpsn 140

9. ceylonica, Hmpsn 141

10. pascua, Swinh 141

11. tumulifera, Hmpsn. . . 141

12. nigrifascia, Hmpsn. . . 141

13. hampsoni, Kirby .... 141

14. lativittata, Moore 142

15. major, Hmpsn 142

16. negrita, Hmpsn 142

3. Khynchopalpus, Hmpsn. . 142

1. argentalis, Moore .... 143

2. dentatus, Hmpsn 143

3. brunellus, Hmpsn 143

4. fasciatus, Hmpsn 144

5. cingalesa, Moore .... 144

4. Pisara, Wlk 144

1. acontioides, Wlk 144

2. lucidalis, Wlk 145

3. rufescens, Hmpsn 145

4. laminata, Hmpsn 145

5. argyria, Hmpsn 145

6. semirufa, Hmpsn 146

5. Selca, Wlk 146

1. scripta, Moore 146

2. strigivena, Hmpsn. . . 147

3. ascripta, Hmpsn 147

4. nitida, Hmpsn 147

5. indistincta, Hmpsn. . . 147

Fam. 25. AGABISTID^: 148

1. Eusemia, Dalm 149

1 . proxima, Wlk 149

2. amatrix, Westto 149

3. pulchra, Butl 150

4. vulcania, Butl. 150

5. albomarginata, Moore . 150

6. victrix, Westw 150

7. orientalis, Butl 151

8. dentatrix, Westw .... 151

9. negrita, Hmpsn.. .... 153

10. nigripennis, Butl 152

11. adulatrix, Koll 152

12. maculatrix, Westw. . . 153

13. irenea, Boisd 153

14. latimargo, Hmpsn 153

15. fasciatrix, Westw 153

16. vetula, Hiibn 154

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

2. Chelonomorpha, Motsch, .

1. austeni, Moore 154

Phalaenoides, Leicin .... 154

1 . funebris, Moore 155

4. Zalissa, Wlk 155

1. tranaiens, Wlk 155

2. bala, Moore 156

3. venosa, Moore 156

4. longipennis, Wlk 156

5. exiguifascia, Hmpsn.. . 156

6. albifascia, Wlk 157

7. nepcha, Moore 157

8. atkinsoni, Moore .... 157

5. ^Egocera, Latr 157

1. tripartite, Kirby .... 158

2. venulia, Cram 158

3. biinacula, Wlk 158

4. accurata, Sivinh 151)

f>. Mimeuseniia, Butl. 159

l.basalis, Wlk 151)

'1. peshwa, Moore 159

3. ceylonica, Hmpsn 160

4. albicilia, Hmpsn 160

Fara. 26. XOCTUID^E

160

Subfam. 1. Trifinfe 162

1. Sphetta, Wlk 166

l.apicalis, Wlk 167

2. Glottula, Giien lr>7

1. doininica, Cram 167

2. orientalis, Hmpsn 168

3. Polytela, Guen 168

1 . trloriosse, Fabr 168

2. florigera, Guen 169

3. chiysospila, Wlk 169

4. Kabila, Wlk 169

1. frontalis, Wlk 170

5. Xanthia, Ochs 170

1. albosignata, Moore . . 170

2. melonina, Butl 170

3. basalipunctata, Graeser 171

4. gilvago, Esper 171

5. rectilineata, Hmpsn.. . 171

6. Elwesia, Hmpsn 171

1. diplostigma, Hmpsn.. . 172

7. Pyrrhia, Hilhn 172

1. umbra, Hiifn 172

2. cuprea, Moore 173

8. Adisura, Moore 173

1. atkinsoni, Moore .... 173

9. Ileliothis, Ochs 174

1. armigera, Hilbn 174

2. peltigera, Schiff. 175

3. nubigera, Herr.-Schaff. 175

Page

4. scutosa, Schiff. 175

5. translucens, Feld 17t>

10. Chariclea, Curt 176

1. marginalis, Wlk 177

2. lanceolata, Wlk 177

3. decorata, Moore 177

4. bivittata, Wlk 177

5. sanguinolenta, Moore. . 178

6. sinuata, Moore 178

7. beatrix, Moore 17^

8. aureola, Wlk 170

9. uncta, SwinJt 179

10. irrorata, Moore 1 79

11. biraaculata, Moore. . . . 179

12. artaxoides, Moore .... 179

13. dora, Sicinh 180

11. Raghuva, Moore. 180

1. confertissima, Wlk. . . 180

12. Agrotis, Ochs 180

1. segetis, Schiff. 181

2. corticea, Schiff. 181

3. biconica, Koll 182

4. ypsilon, Rott 182

6. bchracea, Wlk 182

6. olivasceiw, J/m/^t/. . . 182

7. brevirami, Hmpsn. . . 183

8. rnonticola, Jhnpsn. . . 183

9. intracta, Wlk 183

10. sikkima, Moore 183

11. undulans, Moore .... 183
1 1}. plecta, Linn 183

13. conformis, Swinh 184

14. cespitis, Swinh 184

15. tenuis, Butl 184

16. descripta, Brem 184

17. cerastoides, Moore. ... 185

18. curviplena, Wlk 185

19. cerviua, Moore 186

20. albipennis, Butl 186

21. putris, Linn 186

22. renalis, Moore 187

23. dispalata, Swinh 187

24. niveisparsa, Butl 187

25. griseivena, Hmpsn. . . 187

26. ravida, Schiff. 187

27. modesta, Moore 188

28. c-nigrum, Linn 188

29. ditrapezium, Borkh. . . 188

30. junctura, Moore 189

31. flammatra, Fabr 189

32. triangularis, Moore . . 189

33. accipiter, Feld 189

34. pronuba, Linn 190

35. cuprea, Moore 190

13. Amphipyra, Ochs 190

1. monolitha, Guen 191

SYSTEMATIC I2TDEX.

XI

2. magna, Wlk 191

3. livida, Schi/. 191

4. cupreipennis, Moore . . 192

5. albicilia, Hmpsn 192

6. spectrum, Esper 192

7. himalayica, Hmpsn. . . 193

14. Epilecta, Hilbn 193

1. semiherbida, Wlk 193

15. Aucha, Wlk 193

1. velans, Wlk 194

2. nectens, Wlk 194

16. Hypernaenia, Hmpsn. . . 194

1. denticulate, Warr 194

2. atrovirens, Wlk 195

3. nigroviridis, Wlk 195

4. renalba, Moore 195

5. violacea, Butl 196

6. flavicaudata, Warr. . . 196

17. Hermonassa, Wlk 196

1. consignata, Wlk 196

2. spilota, Moore 197

3. incisa, Moore 197

4. chalybeata, Moore .... 197

5. lanceola, Moore 197

6. sinuata, Moore 197

18. Hadena, Schrank 198

1. trifolii, Rott 198

2. perdentata, Hmpsn. . . 198

3. consanguis, Guen 199

4. nigrocuprea, Moore . . 199

5. hastata, Moore 199

6. mediana, Moore 200

7. elwesi, Hmpsn 200

8. dissecta, Wlk 200

9. costigera, Moore 200

10. incisa, Moore 201

11. simillima, Moore % . . . 201

12. ferrisparsa, Hmpsn. . . 201

13. nagaensis, Hmpsn. . . 201

14. poliostigma, Hmpsn.. . 201

15. brassicte, Lam 202

16. repetita, Butl 202

17. cuprina, Moore 202

18. nigerrima, Warr 202

19. scotochlora, Koll 203

20. indica, Moore 203

21. flavala, Moore 203

22. knyvetti, Hmpsn 203

23. albiceps, Hmpsn 203

24. mamestrina, Butl. 204

25. fasciculata, Hmpsn. . . 204

26. culta, Moore 204

27. pannosa, Moore 205

19. Semiophora, Steph 205

1 . orthosioides, Butl 205

2. ferrosticta, Hmpsn. . . 205

3. castaneipennis, Hmpsn. 206

Page

20. Bombycia, Steph 206

1. persimilis, Hmpsn. . . 206

2. leucocera, Hmpsn 207

3. meterythra, Hmpsn. . . 207

4. rubida, Hmpsn 207

21. Euplexia, Steph 207

1. nubilata, Hmpsn. .... 208

2. indistans, Guen 208

3. niveiplaga, Wlk 208

4. adjuncta, Moore .... 209

5. flavistigma, Moore. . . . 209

6. opposita, Wlk 209

7. sodalis, Butl 210

8. lignea, Butl 210

9. albiflexura, Wlk 210

10. didvma, Esper 210

11. conducta, Wlk 211

12. albomaculata, Moore. . 211

13. leucospila, Wlk 212

14. albirena, Moore 212

15. subcurva, Wlk 212

16. seinifascia, Wlk 212

17. metallica, Wlk 213

18. discisignata, Moore . . 213

19. albiplaga, Hmpsn 213

20. chalybeata, Moore 214

21. stoliczkee, Feld 214

22. melanospila, Koll 214

23. aurigera, Wlk 215

24. albinota, Moore 215

25. auroviridis, Moore . . 215

26. literata, Moore 215

216
216
216
216
217
217

27. calamistrata, Moore

28. aurantiaca, Hmpsn.

29. stellifera, Moore .

30. lagenifera, Moore .

31. plunibeola, Hmpsn.

32. gemmifera, Wlk. .

33. albovittata, Moore 217

34. distorta, Moore 218

35. inepta, Butl 218

36. diminuta, Sutl. 219

37. indica, Moore 219

38. confecta, Wlk 219

39. pulcherrima, Moore . . 219

40. atrovirens, Moore .... 219

41. pardaria, Moore 220

42. venosa, Moore 220

43. confluens, Moore 220

44. mucronata, Moore .... 221

45. heterocainpoides,

Hmpsn 221

46. costalis, Moore 221

47. icamba, Swinh 222

48. cyanelinea, Hmpsn. . . 222

49. pectinate, Warr

50. partita, Moore

•>>•>

Xll

SYSTEMATIC INDEX,

Page

51. lageniformis, Hmpsn. . 223

52. heterocampa, Moore . . 223

22. Ancara, Wlk 223

1. obliterans, Wlk 223

2. leucostigma, Moore . . 224

3. nigrogrisea, Moore . . 224

4. harfordi, Hmpsn 224

5. rubra, Hmpsn. 225

6. thalpophiloides, Wlk. . 225

7. calopistrioides, Moore . 225

8. glaucochlora, Hmpsn. . 226

23. Magusa, Wlk 226

1. tenebrosa, Moore .... 226

24. Eurcis, Hiibn 227

1. retrahens, Wlk 227

2. luteif rons, Wlk 227

3. decorata, Moore .... 227

4. separata, Moore 228

5. simulata, Moore 228

6. albicostata, Hmpsn. . . 228

7. lubrica, Butl. 228

8. griseimarginata,

Hmpsn 229

9. leucosticta, Moore . . 229

10. flavipicta, Hmpsn 229

11. fortissima, Moore .... 229

12. chalybeata, Wlk 230

13. involuta, Wlk 230

14. virens, Butl 231

25. Polia, Ochs 231

1. herchatra-, Sicinh 231

2. sikkimensis, Moore . . 232

3. canosparsa, Hmpsn. . . 232

4. transversa, Moore .... 232

5. endroma, Swinh 232

6. dentata, Hmpsn 233

7. castanea, Moore 233

8. microsticta, Hmpsn. . . 233

9. griseirufa, Hmpsn 233

10. khasiana, Moore .... 234

11. junctura, Hmpsn 234

12. sinuata, Moore 234

13. virescens, Hmpsn 234

14. grisea, Moore 235

26. Dipterygia, Steph 235

1. nocturna, Hmpsn 235

2. cristifera, Hmpsn 235

3. sikkima, Moore 236

4. indica, Wlk. 236

5. umbrifera, Butl 236

6. grata, Butl 237

27. Euscotia, Butl 237

1. inextricata, Moore. . . . 237

28. Cuculia, Schrank 238

1. albescens, Moore 238

Page

2. nigrifascia, Hmpsn. . . 239

3. albipennis, Hmpsn. . . 239

4. brevipennis, Hmpsn. . . 239

5. stigmatophora, Hmpsn. 239

6. pullata, Moore 289

29. Acronycta, Ochs 240

1. anaedina, Butl. 240

2. paucinotata, Hmpsn. . . 240

3. aceris, Linn 241

4. sinens, Wlk 241

5. conjecturalis, Stein Ji.. . '242

6. prmnosa, Guen 242

7. denticulata, Moore . . 242

8. nigrivitta, Hmpsn. . . ~2\'2

9. bicolor, Moore 243

1 . fasciata, Moore 243

11. obliqua, Moore 243

30. Corythurus, Hmpsn 244

1. nocturnus, Hmpsn. . . 244

31. Mudaria, Moore 245

1. cornifrons, Moore .... :M-">

32. Toxocampa, Guen 245

1. dorsigera, Wlk 246

33. Conservula, Grote 24(5

1. indica, Moore 246

2. V-brunneura, Guen. . . 247

34. Prodenia, Guen 247

1. littoralis, Boisd 247

2. minima, Swinh -2 -18

35. Spodoptera, Guen 248

1. mauritia, ISofsft iMS

36. Calogramma, Guen L' 111

1. festiva, Donov 249

37. Arnyna, Guen 250

1. selenampha, Guen. . . -loO

2. octo, Guen 251

3. monilis, Moore 252

4. larentica, Hmpsn 252

38. Berresa, Wlk 252

1. turpis, Wlk 252

39. Callopistria, Hiibn 253

1. latreillei, Dup 253

2. strigilineata, Hmpsn. . 254

3. minuta, Butl 254

4. minor, Hmpsn 254

5. repleta, Wlk 255

6. rivularis, Wlk 255

7. yerburii, Butl. t 255

8. duplicans, Wlk 255

9. placodoides, Guen. . c . . 256

10. eethiops, Butl 256

11. indica, Butl 256

12. recurvata, Moore .... 257

40. Elusa, Wlk 257

1. bipars, Moore 257

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Xlll

Page

2. cyathicornis, Wlk. . . 258

3. antennata, Moore .... 258

41. Arboricornus, Hmpsn. . . 258

1. ruber, Hmpsn 258

42. Caradrina, Ochs 259

1. cognata, Moore 259

2. exigua, Hiibn 259

3. kadenii, Freyer 260

4. bremusa, Sivinh 260

5. coruscantis, Swinh. . . 260

6. quadripunctata, Fabr. . 260

7. delecta, Moore 261

8. obtusa, Hmpsn 261

9. sincera, Swinh 261

10. imiformis, Swinh 261

11. interminata, Wlk 261

12. bicornis, Hmpsn 262

13. tkwaitesi, Moore 262

14. transversa, Moore .... 262

15. postfusca, Hmpsn 263

16. ochreipuncta, Hmpsn. . 263

17. rufescens, Hmpsn 263

18. furtiva, Sivinh 263

19. picta, Swinh 263

20. ochreimargo, Hmpsn. . 264

21. pectinata, Hmpsn 264

22. reclusa, Wlk 264

23. externa, Wlk 265

24. lineosa, Moore 265

25. renalis, Moore 265

26. divisa, Moore 265

27. opacaria, Swinh 266

28. variana, Swinh 266

29. cervina, Moore 266

30. castaneipars, Moore . . 266

31. melanosticta, Hmpsn. . 2G6

32. bosca, Swinh 267

33. plagiata, Wlk 267

34. fasciata, Moore 267

35. mus, Hmpsn 268

36. indistincta, Moore 268

43. Tathorhynchus, Hmpsn. . 268

1. vinctale, Wlk 268

44. Leucania, Ochs 269

1. decisissima, Wlk 269

2. hamifera, Wlk 270

3. inframicans, Hmpsn. , . 270

4. rufistrigosa, Moore . . 270

5. 1-album, Linn. ...... 270

6. vittata, Hmpsn 271

7. vana, Swinh 271

8. howra, Moore 271

9. subsignata, Moore .... 272

10. compta, Moore 272

11 . homopterana, Swinh. . . 272

12. byssina, Swinh 272

Page

13. abdominalis, Moore . . 273

14. sinuosa, Moore 273

15. denticula, Hmpsn 273

16. exempta, Wlk . 273

17. v-album, Hmpsn 273

18. nainica, Moore 274

19. semiusta, Hmpsn. .... 274

20. modesta, Moore 274

21. loreyi, Dup 274

22. fragilis, Butl. 275

23. unipuncta, Haw 275

24. pallidicosta, Hmpsn. . . 276

25. fraterna, Moore 276

26. angulifera, Moore 276

27. albivitta, Hmpsn 276

28. rufipennis, Hmpsn. . . 276

29. cinnamomea, Moore . . 277

30. nigrorenalis, Hmpsn. . . 277

31. distincta, Moore 277

32. obscura, Moore 277

33. corrugata, Hmpsn. . . 278

34. reversa, Moore 278

35. fasciata, Moore 278

36. rufula, Hmpsn 278

37. nigrofasciata, Hmpsn. . 279

38. albicosta, Moore 279

39. curvilinea, Hmpsn. . . 279

40. venalba, Moore 279

41. polemusa, Swinh 280

42. imiformis, Moore .... 280

43. tangala, Feld 280

44. irrorata, Moore 280

45. bifascia, Hmpsn 281

46. proleuca, Hmpsn 281

47. irregularis, Wlk 281

45. Floccifera, Hmpsn 281

1. erigida, Swinh 281

46. Arcilasisa, Wlk 282

1. sobria, Wlk 282

2. plagiata, Wlk 282

47. Auchmis, Hiibn 283

1. intermedia, Srem 283

2. cashmirensis, Moore . . 284

48. Nonagria, Ochs 284

1. inferens, Wlk 284

2. confusa, Wlk 285

3. robusta, Hmpsn 285

4. submarginalis, Hmpsn. 285

5. fuscovirens, Hmpsn. . . 285

6. chloroptera, Hmpsn. . . 285

7. conspersa, Moore .... 286

8. pallida, Butl 286

49. Acrapex, Hmpsn 286

1. prisca, Wlk 286

2. hamulifera, Hmpsn. . . 286

3. leucophlebia, Hmpsn. . 287

XIV

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page

50. Acutipenna, Hmpsn 287

1. acuminata, Hmpsn. . . 287

51. Phycidimorpha, Hmpsn. , 287

1. rosea, Hmpsn 287

52. Phycidopsis, Hmpsn 288

1. albovittata, Hmpsn. . . 288

53. Leocyma, Guen 288

1. sericea, Hmpsn 289

2. cygnus, Wlk 289

3. iudicata, Wlk 289

4. biplaga, Wlk 289

5. maculata, Hmpsn 290

54. Apsarasa, Moore 290

1. radians, Westw 290

Subfam. 2. Acontiina 291

1. Diphthera, Ochs 293

1. pulchripicta, Wlk 293

2. malachitis, Obcrth. . . 294

3. prasinazia, Wlk 294

4. vixens, Wlk 294

5. pallida, Moore 295

0. discibruTmea, Moore . . 295

2. Perciana, Wlk 295

1. marmorea, Wlk 290

2. flavifusa, Hmpsn 29G

3. viridinotata, Hmpsn. . . 296

3. Bryophila, Treitschke 296

1. literata, Moore 297

2. modesta, Moore 297

3. virescens, Hmpsn 297

4. lichenea, Hmpsn 297

5. nilgiria, Moore 298

6. muscosa, Hmpsn 298

7. postochrea, Hmpsn. . . 298

8. nadgani, Hmpsn 298

9. albistigma, Moore .... 299

10. khasiana, Hmpsn 299

11. albipimcta, Hmpsn. . . 299

12. pallidisca, Moore .... 300

13. glaucescens, Butl 300

14. glaucostigma, Hmpsn. 300

4. Erastria, Ochs 300

1. stygia, Butt 301

2. larentiformis, Hmpsn. . 301

3. aurata, Moore 301

4. cidarioides, Moore. . . . 302

5. decorata, Moore 302

6. glaucopis, Hmpsn 302

7. margin ata, Moore .... 302

8. xnelanostigma, Hmpsn. 302

5. Erastroides, Hmpsn 303

1. curvifascia, Hmpsn. . . 303

2. oliviaria, Hmpsn 303

6. Hyelopsis, Hmpsn 304

1. yialis, Moore 304

2. signifera, Wlk :>04

3. renalis, Moore 305

4. lativitta, Moore 305

5. picata, Butl 305

6. bretica, Swinh 305

7. plumbata, Butl 305

8. frausa, Swinh 306

9. umbrina, Hmpsn 306

10. herbaria, Swinh 306

7. Toxophleps, Hmpsn 306

1. optiva, Sicinh 307

2. trilatalis, Wlk 307

8. Hyela, Steph 307

1. obliqua, Moore 307

2. erecta, Moore 308

.'5. ruptifascia, Hmpsn. . . 308

4. quadiipartita, Wlk. . . 308

5. tegulata, Butl 308

6. nigrivittatn., Warr. .. 308

9. Micardia, Butl 301)

1. pulcherrima, Moore . . 309

10. Megalodes, Guen 309

1. kashmirensis, Hmpsn. . 309

2. denticulosa, Wlk 310

11. Tarache, Hiibn 310

1. lucida, Hiifn 310

2. hortensis, Sicinh 311

3. upsilon, Wlk 311

4. opalinoides, Guen 311

6. notabilis, Wlk 311

6. catena, Sowerby 312

7. catenula, Wlk. 312

8. albonotata, Hmpsn. . . 312

9. swinboei, Butl 312

10. karachiensis, Sicinh. . . 313

11. olivea, Guen 313

12. olivacea, Hmpsn 313

13. binominata, Butl 313

14. tropica, Guen 314

15. basifera, Wlk 314

16. irubuta, Wlk 314

17. crocata, Guen 314

18. nubilosa, Hmpsn 315

19. fascialis, Hmpsn 315

20. sulphuralis, Berget. . . 315

21. fiavonigra, Swinh 316

12. Xanthoptera, Guen 316

1. marginata, Wlk 316

2. flavifrons, Moore 316

3. fuscicilia, Hmpsn 317

4. argentifrons, Butl 317

5. triangularis, Warr. . . 317

6. mianoides, Hmpsn. . . 317

7. opella, Swinh 317

8. melanchlrena, Swinh. . . 318

9. excisa, Swinh 318

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

XV

10. nigripalpis, Wlk. . . .

11. veprecola, Swinh. . . .

12. plebeia, Butl

13. spicea, Guen

14. magna, Swinh

15. nigridia, Swinh

16. grisea, Hmpsn

17. modesta, Moore

13. Cosmia, OcJis

1. restituta, Wlk

2. affinis, Linn

3. trans versa, Wlk

4. ochracea, Hmpsn

14. Acontia, Ochs

1. malvee, Esper

2. transversa, Gucn

3. intersepta, Guen'.

4. graellsii, Feisth

15. Marimatha, Wlk

1. subflavalis, Wlk

2. xanthoptera, Hmpsn. . .

16. Swinhoea, Hmpsn

1. vegeta, Swinh

17. Metachrostis, Hiibn

1. miasma, Hmpsn

2. egens, Moore

3. fasciata, Hmpsn

4. quinaria, Moore

5. obliquisigna, Hmpsn. .

6. obscura, Hmpsn

7. destituta, Moore

8. undulata, Hmpsn

9. conspersa, Butl.

10. acervalis, Swinh

1 1. incondite, Butl

12. hypenoides, Butl

13. uiiduligera, Butl

14. rectifascia, Hmpsn. . .

15. transversa, Moore

16. pimctigera, Wlk

17. bipars, Hmpsn

18. honesta, Wlk

19. itwarra, Swinh

20. badia, Swinh

21. venata, Butl

22. mallarba, Swinh

23. uberosa, Su'inh

24. pulla, Swinh

25. fusca. Hmpsn

26. arenacea, Hmpsn

27. separata, Wlk

28. divisa, Hmpsn

29. semialba, Hmpsn

30. trigona, Hmpsn

31. brunnea, Hmpsn

Page

318
319
319
319
320
320
320
320
321
321
321
321
322
322
322
323
323
324
324
324
324
324
325
325
325
325
326
326
326
326
327
327
327
327
328
328
328
328
329
329
329
330
330
330
330
330
330
331
331
331
331
331
332
332
332

32. excisa, Hmpsn .......

33. emarginata, Hmpsn. . .

18. Naranga, Moore ........

1. diffusa, Wlk .........

2. curvilera, Wlk .......

3. albistriga, Hmpsn .....

19. Rivula, Guen ...........

1. bioculalis, Moore ....

2. basalis, Hmpsn .......

3. renalis, Moore ......

4. biatomea, Moore ....

5. ochracea, Moore ....

20. Tathodelta, Hmpsn .....

1 . purpurascens, Hmpsn. .

21. Cingalesa, Hmpsn .......

1. strigicosta, Hmpsn. . .

22. Pachylepis, Feld .......

1. dilectissima, Wlk ______

2. dicycla, Wlk .........

23. Eublemma, Hiibn .......

1. bulla, Swinh .........

2. pulchra, Swinh .......

3. amabilis, Moore ____

4. virginea, Gum .......

5. polygramma, Dup. . .

6. acontioides, Moore. . . .

7. futilis, Swinh .......

8. rosita, Guen .........

9. roseana, Moore ......

10. rivula, Moore ........

11. parva, Hiibn
12.

13. bifasciata, Moore ....

14. cretacea, Hmpsn .....

15. divisa, Moore ........

16. hemirhoda, Wlk .....

17. olivacea, Wlk .......

18. obscura, Moore ......

19. abrupta, Wlk .........

20. angulifera, Moore ____

21. duplexa, Moore ......

22. quadrapex, Hmpsn. . .

23. trifasciata, Moore ____

24. Troctoptera, Hmpsn .....

1. erubescens, Hmpsn. . .

25. Zagira, Wlk ...........

1. irrecta, Wlk .........

2. divisa, Wlk .........

3. lunifera, Moore ......

4. longipalpis, Wlk .....

5. reticulata, Moore ....

6. multiguttata, Moore . .

7. content aria, Wlk .....

8. acidaliaria, Wlk .....

Page

332
333
333
333
334
334
334
334
335
335
335
336
336
336
336
337
337
337
338
338
338
339
339
339
339
339
340
340
340
341
341
341
341
341
341
342
342
342
342
343
343
343
343
344
344
344
345
345
345
346
346
346
346
347

XVI

SYSTEMATIC 1XDEX.

Page

26. Corgatha, Wlk 347

1 . rubra, Hmpsn 347

2. zonalis, Wlk 347

3. costinotalis, Moore . . 347

4. excisa, Hmpsn 348

5. falcatalis, Hmpsn 348

27. Oruza, Wlk. 348

1. pyraliformis, Moore . . 348

2. ruptifascia, Moore .... 349

3. fratercula, Moore 349

4. albicosta, Hmpsn 349

5. fasciosa, Moore 350

6. anisodoides, Hmpsn. . . 350

7. lycaugesaria, Sivinh. . . 350

8. costata, Wlk 350

9. pallescens, Hmpsn. . . 350

28. Pseudacidalia, Hmpsn. . . 351

1. albicosta, Moore .... 351

2. undulata, Hmpsn 351

29. Micrseschus, Butt 351

1. elatarius, Wlk 352

2. rosellus, Hmpsn 352

3. oblatarius, Wlk 352

4. regulatus, Wlk 353

5. minutus, Hmpsn 353

6. roseus, Hmpsn 353

7. ustipennis, Hmpsn. . . 353

8. gemmifer, Hmpsn 353

Subfam. 3. Palindiince 353

1. Dinumma, Wlk 354

1. placens, Wlk 355

2. deponens, Wlk 355

2. Callyna, Guen 355

1. siderea, Guen 356

2. monoleuca, Wlk 356

3. jugaria, Wlk 356

4. mystica, Wlk 357

5. costiplaga, Moore .... 357

6. picta, Moore 357

3. Ramadasa, Moore 357

1. pavo, Wlk 357

2. hieroglypkica, Moore . 358

4. Westermannia, Hubn 358

1. superba, Hubn 359

2. argentea, Hmpsn 359

3. triangularis, Moore . . 359

4. cornucopia, Hmpsn. . . 359

5. Nagasena, Moore 360

1. albescens, Moore .... 360

2. dentilinealis, Moore . . 360

3. trapezata, Moore .... 360

6. Bryophilopsis, Hmpsn 361

1. griseata, Hmpsn 361

Page

7. Brevipecten, Hmpsn 361

1. captatus, Butl 361

2. lunifer, Hmpsn 362

8. Doranaga, Moore 362

1. straminea, Hmpsn. . . 362

2. leucospila, Wlk 362

9. Pterogonia, Swinli 362

1 . episcopalis, Sicinh 363

2. striatura, Moore 363

3. nubes, Hmpsn 363

10. Ilomodes, Guen 364

1. crocea, Guen 304

± vivida, Guen 364

Subfam. 4. Sarrothripina . . 365

1. Triorbis, Hmpsn 366

1. annulata, Swinh 366

2. Gadirtha, Wlk 367

1. inexactn, Wlk 367

3. Ariola, Wlk 367

1. ccelisigna, Wlk 368

4. Nolasena,' Wlk 368

1. ferrifervens, Wlk 368

5. Plotheia, Wlk 368

1. decrescens, Wlk 369

2. celtis, Moore 370

3. aenescens, Moore .... 370

4. strigifera, Moore .... 370

5. rabdota, Hmpsn 371

6. metaspilella, Wlk 371

6. Hybl»a,Fa&r 371

1. puera, Cram 371

2. constellata, Guen 372

3. hypocyanea, Swinh. . . 372

4. firmamentum, Guen. . . 373

7. Arachnognatha, Hmpsn . . 373

1. meterythra, Hmpsn. . . 373

8. Labanda, Wlk 374

1. fasciata, Wlk 374

2. griseinigra, Hmpsn. . . 374

3. saturalis, Wlk 375

4. chloromella, Wlk 375

5. herbealis, Wlk 375

6. semipars, Wlk 375

7. orbicularis, Wlk 375

9. Chlumetia, Wlk 376

J . transversa, Wlk 376

2. alternans, Moore .... 376

10. Barasa, Wlk 376

1. acronyctoides, Wlk. . . 377

11. Btenina, JFBb 377

l.donans, Wlk 377

2. accipiens, Wlk 378

3. lichenosa, Moore .... 378

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

XV11

Page

4. quinaria, Moore 379

•5. angulipennis, Moore . . 379

12. Clettharina, Hmpsn 379

1. nitens, Hmpsn 379

13. Argyrothripa, Hmpsn. . . 380

1. lilacina, Moore 380

2. orbifera, Hmpsn 380

3. occulta, Swinh 381

4. xanthosticta, Hmpsn . . 381

5. grisea, Hmpsn 381

6. pallescens, Hmpsn. . . . 381

7. robusta, Moore 381

8. niveidisca, Hmpsn. . . 382

14. Neothripa, Hmpsn 382

1. punctistigma, Hmpsn. . 382

2. glaucescens, Hmpsn.. . 382

15. Hypothripa, Hmpsn 383

1. curiosa, Swinh 383

2. cana, Hmpsn 383

16. Clettharra, Wlk. ........ 383

1. valida, Wlk 384

2. albonotata, Hmpsn. . . 384

3. basalis. Moore 384

4. variegata, Hmpsn 384

5. tortricoides, Wlk 385

6. Titea, Sicinh 385

7. nigridisca, Hmpsn. . . 385

8. sceptica, Swinh 385

9. apicalis, Hmpsn 386

10. punctata, Swinh 386

11. triangularis, Hmpsn. . . 386

12. «nea, Swinh 386

13. tioccifera, Hmpsn 386

17. Sarrothripa, Curt 387

1. sinuosa, Moore 387

2. fasciosa, Moore 387

3. indicatana, Wlk 387

4. nolalella, Wlk 388

Subfam. 5. Euteliince 388

1. Ingura, Guen 388

1. subapicalis, Wlk 389

2. cristatrix, Guen 389

2. Anuga, Guen 389

1. constricta, Guen 390

2. lunulata, Moore 390

3. Eutelia, Hiibn 390

1. delatrix, Guen 391

2. deleta, Hmpsn 392

3. cinctipalpis, Wlk 392

4. albiceps, Hmpsn 392

5. obscura, Moore 392

6. mediifascia, Hmpsn. . . 393

7. albomaculata, Hmpsn. 393

8. jocosatrix, Guen 393

9. maculata, Butl 393

Page

10. nugatrix, Guen 394

11. fulvipicta, Hmpsn. . . 394

12. apicifascia, Hmpsn. . . 394

13. inextricata, Moore .... 395

14. excitans, Butl 395

15. dulcilinea, Wlk 395

16. discistriga, Wlk 396

17. favillatrix, Wlk 396

Subfam. 6. Stictopterince 396

1. Maceda, Wlk 397

1. mansueta, Wlk 397

2. Cymatophoropsis, Hmpsn. 397
1 . sinuata, Moore 397

3. Risoba, Moore 398

1. repugnans, Wlk 398

2. obstructa, Moore .... 398

3. diversipennis, Wlk. . . 399

4. literata, Moore 399

5. variegata, Moore .... 399

4. Odontodes, Guen 400

1. aleuca, Guen 400

5. Stictoptera, Guen 400

1. cucullioides, Guen. . . 401

2. striata, Hmpsn 402

3. describens, Wlk 402

4. denticulata, Wlk 402

5. trajiciens, Wlk 402

6. illucida, Wlk 403

7. albodentata, Moore . . 403

8. anthyalus, Swinh 403

9. costata, Moore 403

6. Sadarsa, Moore. 404

1. tennis, Moore 404

2. longipennis, Moore . . 404

7. Gyrtoua, Wlk 404

1. hylusalis, Wlk 405

2. plumbeifascia, Hmpsn.. 405

3. pusilla, Moore 405

4. dorsalis, Wlk 406

5. exsicca, Swinh 406

6. lapidaria, Wlk 406

Subfam. 7. Gonopterince .... 406

1. Cosmophila, Boisd 408

1. mesogona, Wlk 408

2. sabulifera, Guen 409

3. trilineata, Moore .... 409

4. f ulvida, Guen 409

5. lineosa, Wlk 41Q

6. horsfieldii, Guen 410

7. sinuosa, Moore 410

8. erosa, Hiibn 4]l

9. precedens, Wlk 411

10. fasciosa, Moore 411

XV111

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

2. Pseudogonitis, Hmpsn. .

1 . brunnea, Moore

2. latimargo, Wlk

3. Ossonoba, Wlh

1. torpida, Wlk

4. Arthisina, Moore

1. scissuralis, Moore . . .

5. Falana, Moore

1. sordida, Moore

G. Oxygonitis, Hmpsn. . . .
1. sericeata, Hmpsn. . . .

7. Goniocraspidum, Hmpsn.

1. ennomoide, Hmpxn. .

8. Clethrophora, Hmpsn. .

1. distincta, Leech

9. Churia, Moore

1. arcuata, Wlk

2. ocellala, Butl

3. maculata, Moore . . .

4. nigrisigna, Moore . . .

5. lilacina, Hmpsn. . . .
G. discisigna, Hmpsn. .

10. Capotena, Wlk

1. trimcata, Wlk

2. apriformis, Wlk.

11. Pseudelydna, Hmpsn. . ,

1. rufotiava, Wlk

2. diurna, Swinh

12. Tympanistes, Moore

1. rubidorsalis, Moore . .

2. pallidus, Moore

, 3. testaceus, Moore . . . .

I--;. Carea, Wlk

1. subtilis, Wlk

2. chlorostigma, Hmpsn. .

3. varipes, Wlk

4. nitida, Hmnsn

5. purpurea, Hmpsn

6. obsolescens, Moore . .

7. fasciata, Moore

8. costiplaga, Swinh

9. fuscomarginata,

Hmpsn

10. albopurpurea, Swinh. . .

14. Ptyonota, Hmpsn. ......

1. formosa, Hmpsn

15. Tortriciforma, Hmpsn. . .
1. viridipuncta, Hmpsn. .

16. Tinosoma, Hmpsn

1. hypery thrum, Hmpsn. .

2. mirabile, Swinh

3. bilinea, Sivinh

17. Gelastocera, Butl

1. castanea, Moore

18. Beara, Wlk

1. dichromella, Wlk

Pas

. 41

. 412

. 412

. 413

. 413

. 413

. 414

. 414

. 414

. 415

. 415

. 416

. 416

. 4K

. 416

. 417

. 417

, 418

, 418

418

418

418

419

419

419

420

420

420

420

421

421

421

421

422

422

423

423

423

423

424

424

424
424
424
425
425
425
426
426
426
426
427
427
427
428

Page

Subfam. 8. Quadrtfina 428

1. Cetola, Wlk 434

1. dentata, Wlk 434

2. Mooia, Hubn 435

1. champa, Moore 435

2. entoxantha, Hmpsn. . . 435

3. Trisuloides, Butl 436

1. infausta, Wlk 4: it 5

2. variegata, Moore .... 4' 50

3. sericea, Butl 436

4. luteifascia, Swinh 437

5. caerulea, Butl -j:',7

4. Trisula, Moore 437

1. variegata, Moore .... 438

2. boarmoides, WU; 438

5. Catocala, Schrank 439

1. rama, Moore 439

2. patala, Feld 439

3. flavescens, Hmpsn. . . 440

4. nymphaea, Esper .... 440

5. distorta, Butl 441

6. proliHca, Wlk 441

7. nupta, Linn 441

8. sponsalis, Wlk 442

9. concubia, Wlk 442

10. nivea, Butl. 442

6. Phorica, Wlk 443

1. phasipennis, Wlk 443

7. Batraeharta, Wlk 443

1. obliqua, Wlk. 444

2. irorrata, Hmpsn 444

8. Erygia, Guen 444

1. apicalis, Guen 445

2. reflectifascia, Hmpsn. . 445

9. Sypna, Guen 446

1 . omicronigera, Guen. . . 446

2. ccelisparsa, Wlk 446

3. constellata, Moore. . . . 447

4. tenebrosa, Butl 447

5. punctosa, Wlk 447

6. marginalis, Hmpsn. . . 448

7. caliginosa, Wlk 448

8. cyanivitta, Moore .... 448

9. curvilinea, Moore .... 449

10. albilinea, Wlk 449

11. rectilinea, Moore .... 449

12. pulchra, Butl 449

13. catocaloides, Moore . . 450

14. replicata, Feld 450

15. pannosa, Moore 451

10. Ercheia, Wlk 45]

1. cyllaria, Cram 451

1. Hypocala, Guen 452

1. subsatura, Guen 453

2. deflorate, Fabr 453

SYSTEMATIC IKDEX.

XIX

Page

3. moorei, Bntl 454

4. violacea, Butl 454

5. biarcuata, Wlk 454

6. lativitta, Moore 454

12. Pterocyclophora, Hmpsn. . 454

1. pictimargo, Hmpsn. . . 455

13. Anisoneura, Guen 455

1. hypocyanea, Guen. . . 456

2. salebrosa, Guen 457

14. Spiredonia, Hilbn 457

1. anops, Guen 457

2. alix, Guen 458

3. feducia, Stoll 458

15. Nyctipao, Hilbn 458

1 . macrops, Linn 459

2. hieroglyphica, Drury . 459

3. caprimulgus, Fabr 460

4. strigipennis, Moore . . 460

5. crepuscular! s, Linn. . . 461

6. gemmans, Guen 461

7. albicincta, Koll 461

8. glaucopis, Wlk 461

16. Hylodes, Guen 462

1. caranea, Cram 462

2. drylla, Guen 463

17. Agonista, Rogenhoff 463

1. hypoleuca, Guen 463

2. endoleuca, Guen 464

3. reducens, Wlk 464

18. Polydesma, Boi*d . 465

1. mtradata, Wlk 465

2. albicola, Wlk 466

3. turbata, Wlk 466

4. sublimis, Feld 466

5. quenavadi, Guen 466

6. fasciata, Moore 467

7. catenata, Moore 467

8. vetusta, Wlk 467

9. costimacula, Guen. . . 468

10. umbricola, Boisd 468

11. otiosa, Guen 468

12. spissa, Guen 469

13. prsecedens, Wlk 469

14. metaspila, Wlk 469

15. rectivitta, Moore .... 469

16. inangulata, Guen 470

17. tetraspila, Wlk 471

18. capacior, Wlk 471

19. biformis, Wlk 471

20. eurychlora, Wlk 471

21. catocalina, Moore .... 472

22. ornata, Moore 472

23. thoracica, Moore .... 472

24. striatovirens, Moore . . 472

25. lichenoides, Hmpsn. . . 473

26. terminigera, Wlk 473

27. relinquenda, Wlk

28. commutanda, Warr. . .

29. lindsayi, Hmpsn

19. Homoptera, Boisd

1. umbrina, Guen

2. glaucinans, Guen

3. albidens, Wlk

4. vinosa, Hmpsn

20. Panilla, Moore

1. dispila, Wlk

2. albopunctata, Wlk. . .

21. Melipotis, Hilbn

1. atrosignata, Wtk

2. cashmirensis, Hmpsn. .

3. fulviceps, Hmpsn

22. Gnamptogyia, Hmpsn. . .

1 . multilineata, Hmpsn. .

23. Lyncestis, Wlk

1. amplrix, Cram ,

2. unilinea, Swinh

24. Gnamptonyx, Hmpsn. . .

1. vilis, Wlk

25. Pseudophia, Guen

1. benenotata, Warr

2. indecisa, Wlk

3. devia, Swinh

4. infrequens, Sioinh

26. Catephia, Ochs

1. linteola, Guen

2. flavescens, Butl

3. acronyctoides, Guen.. .

4. dulcistriga, Wlk

5. diphtheroides, Moore .

6. thricophora, Hmpsn.. .

7. perdicipennis, Moore . .

8. inquieta, Wlk

9. dentifera, Moore ....

27. Mosara, Wlk

1. apicalis, Wlk

28. Arete, Koll

1. caerulea, Guen

2. polygrapha, Koll

3. taprobana, Moore ....

4. modesta, Van der Hoev.

29. Cyclodes, Guen

1. omma, Van der Hoev. .

30. Mithila, Moore

1. lichenosa, Moore ....

31. Coarica, Moore

1. fasciata, Moore

32. Sphingomorpha, Guen. . .

1. chlorea, Cram

33. Lacera, Guen

1. alope, Cram

34. Brana, Wlk

1. calopasa, Wlk

Page

473

473
474
474
474
475
476
476
476
476
477
477
477
478
478
478
479
479
479
479
480
480
480
480
481
481
481
481
482
482
482
483
483
483
484
484
484
485
485
485
486
487
487
487
487
488
488
489
489
489
490
490
491
491
492
492

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page

35. Chrysopera, Hmpsn 493

1. combinans, Wlk 493

36. Ophiusa, Hilbn 493

1. gravata, Guen 494

2. mezentia, Cram 494

3. melicerte, Drury .... 494

4. serva, Fubr 495

5. illibata, Fabr 495

6. circumsignata, Guen. . 495

7. paluinba, Guen 496

8. rigidistria, Guen 496

9. certior, Wlk 496

10. dotata, Fabr 496

11. submira, Wlk 497

12. adusta, Moore 497

13. cuprea, Moore 497

14. indistincta, Moore .... 497

15. mejanesi, Guen 498

16. absentimacula, Guen. 498

17. duplex, Moore 498

18. acuta, Moore 498

19. maturescens, Wlk. . . 499

20. arcuata, Moore 499

21. maturata, Wlk 499

22. renalis, Hmpsn 499

23. joviana, Cram 499

24. simillima, Guen 500

25. algira, Linn 500

26. arctotsenia, Guen 601

27. mirabilis, Staud 501

28. conficiens, Wlk 501

29. analis, Guen 501

30. crameri, Moore 501

31. amygdalis, Moore .... 502

32. onelia, Guen 502

33. coronata, Fabr 502

34. discriminans, Wlk. . . 503

35. indiscriminata, Hmpsn. 503

36. tirrhaca, Cram 503

37. honesta, Hiibn 504

38. fulvotaenia, Guen 504

39. trapezium, Guen 504

40. triphsenoides, Wlk. . . 505

37. Lagoptera, Guen 505

1. juno, Dalm 505

38. Isoura, Hmpsn 506

1. fuscicollis, JButl. 506

39. Hypaetra, Guen 507

1. noctuoides, Guen 507

2. includens, Wlk 507

3. curvifera, Wlk 507

4. bubo, Hubn 508

5. remigioides, Guen. . . 508

6. apicalis, Moore 508

7. complens, Wlk 509

Page

40. Anereuthina, Hiibn 509

1. lilach, Guen 510

2. xanthoptera, Hmpsn. 510

41. Serrodes, Guen 510

1. inara, Cram 510

42. Dordura, Moore 511

1. aliena, Wlk 511

43. Delgamma, Moore 512

1. pangonia, Guen 512

44. Sympis, Guen 512

1. rufibasis, Guen 513

45. Baniana, Wlk 513

1. semilugeris, Wlk 513

2. conjugata, Moore .... 514

3. polyspila, Wlk 514

4. divulsa, Wlk 515

5. intorta, Swinh 515

6. lunifera, Hmpsn 515

7. insulata, Wlk 516

46. Borsippa, Wlk , . 516

1. quadrilineata, Wlk. . . 516

2. pallens, Moore 517

3. lutosa, Swinh 517

4. sejuncta, Wlk 518

5. hypenoides, Moore . . 518

6. megastigmata, Hmpsn. 518

47. Plecoptera, Guen 518

1. reflexa, Guen 519

2. resistens, Wlk 519

3. luteiceps, Wlk 520

4. erica, Swinh 520

48. Acantholipes, Led 520

1. circumdatus, Wlk. . . 520

2. trajectus, Wlk 521

3. hypenoides, Moore . . 521

4. fasciatus, Hmpsn 521

5. similis, Moore 521

6. notatus, Hmpsn 522

7. inscitius, Swinh 522

8. miser, Buil 522

9. fasciosus, Moore 522

10. dissimilis, Moore 522

11. trifasciatus, Moore . . 523

12. lagusalis, Wlk 523

13. obeditalis, Wlk 523

14. gemma, Sivinh 524

15. plumipars, Hmpsn. . . 524

16. pansalis, Wlk 524

17. fuscicosta, Hmpsn. . . 524

18. bilineatus, Hmpsn. . . 525

49. Eemigia, Guen 525

1. discios, Koll 525

2. laxa, Wlk 525

3. archesia, Cram 526

4. frugalis, Fabr 527

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

XXI

oO. Trigonodes, Guen 5$

1. hyppasia, Cram 527

2. cephise, Cram 528

3. disjuncta, Moore .... 528

4. regalis, Moore 528

5. ino, Drury 529

6. tetraspila, Wlk 529

51. Fodina, Guen 529

1. oriolus, Guen 529

2. pallula, Guen 530

3. stola, Guen 530

4. cuneigera, Butl. 530

5. juncta, Hmpsn 530

52. Grammodes, Guen 531

1. mygdon, Cram 531

2. geometrica, Fabr 531

3. stolida, Fabr 532

53. Entomogramma, Guen. . . 532

1. fautrix, Guen 532

2. mediocre, Wlk 532

3. tortum, Guen 533

54. Thermesia, Hiibn 533

1. rubricans, Boisd 534

2. subcostalis, Wlk 534

3. enervis, Swinh 534

4. oblita, Moore 535

5. arefacta, Swinh 535

6. obliqua, Moore 535

7. melanocephala,ZTm^5w. 535

8. mediorufa, Hmpsn. . . 536

9. creberrima, Wlk 536

10. rivulosa, Wlk 536

11. otophora, Hmpsn 536

12. bolinoides, Guen 537

55. Ischyja, Hiibn 537

1. manlia, Cram 537

2. schlegelii, Snell 538

56. Platyja, Hiibn 539

1. umminea, Cram 539

2. exviola, Hmpsn 540

3. torsilinea, Guen 540

4. ciacula, Swinh 540

57. lontha, Doubleday 541

1. umbrina, Doubleday . . 541

58. Crithote, Wlk 541

1. horridipes, Wlk. .... 542

59. Harmatelia, Moore 542

1. basalis, Moore 542

60. Episparis, Wlk 543

1. tortuosalis, Moore .... 543

2. varialis, Wlk 543

3. sora, Swinh 544

61. Claterna, Wlk 544

1. cydonia, Cram 544

62. Amphigonia, Guen 545

1. hepatizans, Guen 545

VOL. II.

63. Bematha, Wlk 546

1. extensa, Wlk 546

64. Oxyodes, Guen 546

1. scrobiculata, Fabr. , , 546

65. Hamodes, Guen 547

1. aurantiaca, Guen 547

2. unilinea, Swinh 548

3. ochracea, Siuinh 548

4. nigriricta, Swinh 549

66. Pleurona, Wlk 549

1. perhamata, Hmpsn. . . 549

2. falcata, Wlk 550

67. Lycimna, Wlk 550

1. polymesata, Wlk 550

68. Homsea, Guen 551

1. clathrum, Guen 551

69. Ommatophora, Guen 551

1. luminosa, Cram 552

70. Spirama, Guen 552

1. retorta, Cram 553

2. vespertilio, Fabr 554

3. pudens, Wlk 555

4. unistrigata, Guen 555

71. Miniodes, Guen 556

1. ornata, Moore 556

72. Phyllodes, Boisd 557

1. ustulata, Westw 557

2. eyndhoyii, Toll 557

3. consobrina, Westw . . . 558

73. Ophideres, Boisd 558

1. salaminia, Fabr 559

2. ancilla, Cram 559

3. fullonica, Linn 560

4. materna, Linn 561

5. aurantia, Moore 562

6. tyrannus, Guen 562

7. hypermnestra, Cram. 562

8. cocalus, Cram 563

9. discrepans, Wlk 563

74. Calpe, Treitschke 563

1. ophideroides, Guen. . . 564

2. bicolor, Moore 564

3. fasciata, Moore 564

4. orthograpta, Butl. . . 564

5. emarginata, Fabr 564

6. rectistria, Guen 565

7. prpvocans, Wlk 565

8. minuticornis, Guen. . . 565

9. indecisa, Moore 566

75. Pseudocalpe, Hmpsn. . . 566

1. angulifera, Moore .... 566

2. vagabunda, Swinh. . . 567

76. Arsacia, Wlk 567

1. saturatalis, Wlk 567

77. Plusia, Ochs 567

1. limbirena, Guen 568

c

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

2. Jessica, Butl 568

3. furcifera, Wlk 568

4. signata, Fabr 568

5. nigriluna, Wlk 569

6. eriosoma, Doubl 569

7. nigrisigna, Wlk 570

8. ni, Hiibn 570

9. purpureofusa, Hmpsn. 570

10. obtusisigna, Wlk 570

11. gutta, Guen 571

12. circumflexa, Linn. . . 571

13. permissa, Wlk 571

14. daubei, JBoisd 572

15. lobifera, Moore 572

16. pyropia, Butl 572

17. ornatissima, Wlk 572

18. pannosa, Moore 573

19. ochreata, Wlk 573

20. impulsa, Wlk 573

21. orichalcea, Fabr 573

22. hebetata, Butl 574

23. agramma, Guen 574

24. fracta, Wlk 574

25. tetragona, Wlk 574

26. modesta, Hiibn 575

27. oxygramma, Hiibn. . . 575

28. anargyra, Guen 575

29. lectula, Wlk.. 576

30. seneofusa, Swinh 576

31. crassipalpus, Swinh. . . 576

78. Abrostola, Ochs 577

1. anophioides, Moore . . 577

79. Plusiodonta, Guen 577

1. ccelonota, Koll 577

80. Tinolius, Wlk 578

1. eburneigutta, Wlk. . . 578

2. quadrimaculatus, Wlk. 579

3. bypsana, Swinh 579

81. Calesia, Guen 579

1. baemorrkoa, Guen. . . 579

2. rufipalpis, Wlk 580

3. phseosoma, Hmpsn. . . 580

4. satellitia, Moore .... 580

5. roseiceps, Hmpsn 580

6. dasyptera, Koll 580

7. fuscicorpus, Hmpsn. . . 581

8. flabellifera, Moore. ... 581

9. fasciculosa, Wlk 581

10. gastropachoides, Guen. 582

Family ARCTIID^E.

A family of moths mostly of nocturnal or crepuscular habits
and with narrow elongate fore wings, or in some genera with
short broad wings ; whilst Nyctemera and its allies are diurnal and

Fig. 1. — Larva of Philagria entella. {. (From Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix,
pi. 175, fig. 8.)

have ample wings. Palpi usually short and porrect. Frenulum
present. Fore wing with vein 1 a separate from 1 b ; 1 c absent.
Hind wing with veins 1 a and 1 b present ; 1 c absent ; vein 8 arising
from 7 generally at or beyond the middle of the cell.

Larva with all the prolegs present, clothed with hairs, and
forming a cocoon.

Key to the Subfamilies.

a. Thorax and abdomen stoutly built 1. Arctiinw.

b. Thorax and abdomen slender.

«'. Eore wing without tufts or lines of raised
scales.

«". Fore wing not produced at apex 2. Lithosiince.

b". Fore wing slightly produced at apex . . 3. NycUolince.
b'. Fore wing with tufts or lines of raised

scales 4. Nolince.

Subfamily ARCTIIN^E.

A thickly-built section of the Arctiidce comprising the " Ermine "
and "Tiger" moths and their allies. Proboscis often absent or
very minute. The retinaculum of the male consists of a strong
bar from the costal nervure of fore wing instead of the usual tuft
of hair, and by this character those species which approach the
Noctuidce in the structure of vein 8 of the hind wing can be dis-
criminated. The legs are usually smooth and the spurs minute.

Larva with five pairs of prolegs and clothed with very long hair,
which it spins into the cocoon.

VOL. II. B

ABCTIID^E.

Key to the Genera.

a. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked.
(i . Fore wing with vein 11 quite separate

from 10.
«2. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from

cell.
a3. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from

cell.
«4. Hind tibiae with two pairs of

spurs.
a5. Fore wing rather long and

narrow.

a". Palpi extending slightly be-
yond the frons.
«7. Wings covered with well-
formed scales.
a8. Fore wing with the
outer margin some-
what erect 1. SPILOSOMA, p. 3.

b*. Fore wirg with the
outer margin obliquely

rounded 6. ALPH^EA, p. 20.

67. Wings clothed with hair-
like scales and slightly

diaphanous 2. THYRGORINA, p. 11.

fc6. Palpi not extending beyond

the frons.
a7. Head clothed with long

hair 4. OCNOGYNA, p. 18.

V. Head smoothly scaled . . 5. PANGORA, p. 19.
c6. Palpi extending far beyond

the frons 7. AREAS, p. 24.

b\ Fore wing short and broad . . 3. AIICTIA, p. 15.
b4. Hind tibiae with one pair of spurs.
a5. Palpi extending beyond the

frons 8. CREATOXOTUS, p. 26.

b5. Palpi extremely minute .... 9. PHISSAMA, p. 29.
&3. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7

stalked.
#4. Hind wing with the inner margin

nearly straight 10. NIC^A, p. 30.

64. Hind wing with the inner margin

very short and rounded 12. CAMPTOLOMA, p. 31.

bz. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked. 11. LEUCOPARDUS, p. 31.
b'. Fore wing with vein 11 almost or quite

touching 10.
a2. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from

cell 13. MOOREA, p. 32.

i2. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked. 14. CALPENIA, p. 33.

b. Fore wing with vein 9 arising from 10 and

anastomosing with 8 to form an areole . 15. CALLIMORPHA, p. 34.

c. Fore wing with vein 10 arising from the

cell.

a'. Fore wing broad and ample 16. AXIOPCENA, p. 37.

b'. Fore wing narrow 17. PELOCHYTA, p. 38

SPILOSOMA.

Genus SPILOSOMA.

Spilosoma, Steph. III. Brit. Ent., Haust. ii, p. 74 (1829).
Alpenus, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 686 (1855).
Spilarctia, Butl. Cist. Ent. ii, p. 39 (1875).
Challa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 398.

Type, S. lubricipedum, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Nearctic, Palaearctic, and Oriental regions.

Palpi short, porrect, and fringed with hair. Antennae bipec-
tinate in male, serrate in female. Mid tibias with a terminal pair of
minute spurs ; hind tibiae with two pairs. Fore wing rather long
and narrow ; veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle ;
7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of
cell ; 6 and 7 from upper angle ; 8 from middle of cell. Female
with an abdominal tuft sometimes developed.

A. Abdomen yellow in both sexes.

1159. Spilosoma multiguttatum, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 657 ; Butl. III.

Het. vii, pi. 138, fig. 9 (larva) ; C. # 8. no. 825.
Deiopeia spilosomoides, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 263 ; Butl. III. Het. v,

pi. 85, fig. 7 ; C.SfS. no. 826.
Deiopeia pardalina, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 263 ; C. Sf S. no. 747.

c? . Head and thorax yellowish white, the collar, tegulae, and
thorax spotted with black ; abdomen yellow, with dorsal and
lateral series of black spots. Fore wing white, with numerous
black spots forming eight ill-defined series. Hind wing yellow,
with an obsolescent series of submarginal black spots ; some
specimens with some apical spots.

2 . The spots of the thorax and fore wing larger ; hind wing
with an anteuiedial maculate band showing through from the
underside, a large spot at end of cell ; some very irregularly
placed spots on the postmedial area and also on the outer margin
below the apex ; a bifid spot at anal angle.

Larva pale green blotched and streaked with white, with sparse
black and white hairs ; a dorsal series of tufts of brown hair on a
broad band of black specks.

Hab. Kulu ; JS"epal ; Sikhim. Exp., rf 40, $ 60 millim.

1160. Spilosoma sangaicum, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 294 j C.fy£ no. 759 A.

Head and thorax pure white ; abdomen with the basal and
terminal segments white ; the medial segments orange-yellow,
with dorsal, lateral, and ventral series of black spots. Wings
pure white ; fore wing sparsely spotted with black or quite un-
marked. Femora of fore legs yellow.

Hab. Japan; China; Murree. Exp.t 3 38, $ 46 millim.

4 AECTIIDJB.

1161. Spilosoma subfascia, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 678 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl

ii, pi. 107, figs. 3, 3 a ; C. $ S. no. 846.

c? . Head and thorax pale buff ; palpi black ; tegulse each with
a black spot ; abdomen orange, with dorsal and lateral series of
black spots. Legs black, fringed with pale hairs. Tore wing pale
buff, with a black spot at base, three on costa, one in cell, and a
speck at its upper angle ; an oblique series of spots from the apex
to middle of inner margin ; two spots on the outer margin below
the apex. Hind wing paler ; the inner area clothed with orange
scales ; some conjoined black spots towards anal angle and some
at apex.

5 with the oblique band of spots of the fore wring almost
absent and also those on outer margin below the apex. Hind
wing without orange hairs on the inner area ; all the spots
obsolete except two near anal angle. Abdomen with a large
ochreous anal tuft.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp., <$ 44, $ 60 millim.

1162. Spilosoma dalbergiae, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p 394 ; Butl. III.

Het. vii, p. 28, pi. 122, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 830 A

Differs from subfascia in the coxa and femur of each fore leg being
crimson ; tegulae without black spots ; thorax with a black stripe
on vertex. Fore wing fleshy buff', without the black spots on the
costa and in the cell ; the oblique band consisting of paired specks
on each side of the veins from the lower angle of cell to inner
margin ; a submarginal series of specks on each side of the veins
from apex to vein 3. Hind wing pale, with a black spot at end
of cell and one submarginal spot towards apex and four towards
anal angle.

Hab. Kangra ; Sikhim ; Khasis ; Nagas. Exp. 48-52 millim.

1163. Spilosoma punctatum, Moore, Cat. E. I. Co. p. 355 ; C. $ S.

no. 758.
Spilarctia unif ormis, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 39 ; C. $ S. no. 849.

Differs from subfascia in not having the black spots on the
tegulae ; underside of fore wing with the oblique band forking
towards the costa in specimens which have the markings well
developed.

Hab. Sikhim ; Nagas ; Burma ; Java. Exp., $ 32, $ 48
millim.

1164. Spilosoma dentilinea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 573 ; C. $ S.

no. 831.

c? . Differs from punctatum in having a short black streak on
vertex of thorax. Femora crimson. Fore wing white, with a
black speck at base ; an antemedial angulated series of spots ; two
at end of cell ; a curved postuiedial series ; a submarginal series

SPILOSOMA. 5

forming dentate marks towards costa and not reaching outer angle.
Hind wing slightly suffused with crimson; a black spot at end of
cell and slight submarginal specks.
Hob. 8ikhim. Exp. 42 millim.

1165. Spilosoma stigmata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 809 ; C. $ S.

no. 845.

c? . Differs from dalberyice in having the fore femora orange ;
the f rons black ; the dorsal spots of abdomen often almost obsolete.
Fore wing yellowish buff ; a subbasal series of spots, the one in
the cell elongate (this series may, however, be almost obsolete) ;

Fig. 2. — Spilosoma, stigmata, $ . \.

a medial series of single spots angled at lower extremity of cell ;
the submarginal double specks more prominent. Hind wing
without the spot at end of cell. The abdomen is sometimes more
or less tinged with crimson above.

Hub. Sikhim ; Nagas. Exp. 42-46 millirn.

1166. Spilosoma mona, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 295, pi, 20, figs. 3, 4 ;
C. fy S. no. 757.

£ . Differs from dalbergice in having the coxae and femora of
each pair of legs striped with crimson ; vertex of thorax without
the dark stripe. Fore wing with a spot at base ; antemedial and
postmedial maculate bands, the latter excurved beyond the end of
cell ; a submarginal series of specks on each side of the veins
from costa to vein 3. Hind wing with a spot at end of cell ; a
postmedial band of small spots and submarginal series of large
ones. Underside strongly marked with black showing through to
the upperside. The spots on fore and hind wing may be much
reduced ; whilst one specimen has the whole cell oi the hind wing
filled in with black.

Hal). Mahableshwar. Exp. 48-52 millim.

1167. Spilosoma gopara, Moore, Cat. E. I. Co. p. 356, pi. 9«, fig. 11 ;
C. $ S. no. 835.

£ . Head and thorax buff without markings ; abdomen orange,
with dorsal and lateral series of black spots. Fore wing buff, with
a black spot at base ; the antemedial series represented by a spot

AECTIID.f!.

on costa and two above inner margin ; a spot at upper angle of
cell ; a postmedial series of specks on each side of the veins,
obsolete beyond the end of cell : a submarginal series of double
specks. Hind wing orange-yellow, the cell and inner area more
or less suffused with black ; a submarginal series of spots, those
towards anal angle largest.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 58 millim..

1168. Spilosoma ummera, Swinh. P. Z. 8. 1889, p. 405, pi. 43, fig. 1.

$ . Bright buff ; thorax with a black spot just behind the
collar; abdomen pale orange, with dorsal and lateral series of small
black spots. Fore wing with a spot at base ; traces of submar-
ginal specks on each side of the veins. Hind wing yellow, with a
spot at end of cell and two towards anal angle.
Hob. Bassein, Burma. Exp. 40 millim.

1169. Spilosoma bhnaculatum, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 398 ; C. $ S.

no. 854.

Challa quadrimaculata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 395 j Butl. III.
Het. vii. pi. 122, fig. 9 ; C. f & no. 855 A.

cf . Head, thorax, and abdomen bright ochreous, the last with
indistinct black lateral specks. Wings bright ochreous ; fore
wing with a black spot at upper angle of cell ; hind wing in the
form quadrimaculatum with a fuscous spot at upper angle of cell.

Hub. Palampur, Punjab. Exp. 30-36 millim.

1170. Spilosoma jucundum, Butl. III. Het. v, p. 32, pi. 85, fig-. 11 ;

C. fy S. no. 838.

c?. Head and thorax pale buff; abdomen ochreous, white at
base and extremity ; a lateral series of black spots. Fore wing
pale buff; a series of black specks from the costa beyond the
middle, joined at vein 5 by a series of paired streaks from the apex
on each side of the veins and thence continued as a band to centre
of inner margin. Hind wing white.

Hub. Sikhnn. Exp. 44 millim.

1171. Spilosoma flavale, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 809; C. $ S.

no. 834.

Head, thorax, and abdomen bright orange, the last with dorsal
and lateral series of spots (in some specimens the dorsal series is
wanting). Fore wing bright orange ; in some specimens un-
marked, others with a "complete series of grey spots from the apex
to centre of inner margin, and an incomplete series outside them,
or any intermediate stage may exist. Hind wing white, with a
dark speck at end of cell and a more or less incomplete sub-
marginal series of spots.

Bab. Sikhim. Exp. 42 millim.

SPILOSOMA. 7

B. Abdomen of male crimson, of female orange.

1172. Spilosoma todarum, Jfoor«,P.Z.&1872,p.674j C. $ S. no. 848.

tf . Head and thorax brownish buff or brown ; palpi and
antennae black, the latter with the shaft tipped with white ;
abdomen clothed with pale crimson hair ; dorsal and lateral series
of small black spots. Eore wing brownish buff or brown, a black
spot at base ; the antemedial series represented by a spot on the
costa and speck above vein 1 ; a speck at upper angle of cell ; a
postniedial slightly curved fuscous band with a more or less com-
plete series of double specks on each side of the veins ; a similar
submarginal series from the costa to vein '3. Hind wing yellowish
or brownish buff, the inner area clothed with crimson hair ; a
black spot at upper angle of cell. Fore and hind femora crimson.

£ . Head, thorax, and fore wing whitish buff, the last with the
markings mostly obsolete; abdomen orange, the anal tuft pale.
Hind wing yellowish white, without crimson hairs on inner area.
Some specimens have a prominent black maculate submarginal
band on underside of both wings, showing through on the upper-
side.

Hob. Nilgiri plateau. Exp., <$ 50, $ 60 millim.

C. Abdomen crimson in both sexes.
a. Male with branches of antennae long.

1173. Spilosoma montanum, Guer. Toy. Deless. p. 92, pi. 26, fig. 3;

C. $ S. no. 783.
Spilosoma suffus'a, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 677 ; C. 8f S. no. 847.

Differs from todarum in the palpi having the basal joint crimson ;
the shaft of antennae not tipped with white ; thorax with a blackish
stripe on vertex : abdomen with the dorsal and lateral series of
spots prominent. Yore wing yellowish brown ; in one specimen
suffused with crimson ; the antemedial series only represented by
a spot above vein 2 ; the postmedial band much more excurved,
the spots composing it often conjoined ; an indistinct maculate
band between it and the submarginal band. Hind wing crimson
or buff ; a more or less complete submargiual series of spots, and
spot at end of cell.

$ . Browner, with the black markings of both wings more
prominent.

Hob. Punjab ; Nilgiri plateau. Evp., 3 46, $ 54 millim.

1174. Spilosoma strigatulum, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 613 ; Moore, Lep.

E. I. Co pi. 16, fig. 11 (larva).
Spilosoma rubescens, Wlk. Cat. iii. p. 677 ; C. $ S. no. 759.

Antennae almost white ; head and thorax ochreous ; palpi black ;
femora crimson ; abdomen crimson, with dorsal and lateral series

8

of black spots. Fore wing brownish or reddish ochreotis, with a
basal black speck ; an antemedial series of specks ; postmedial and
submarginal series of double specks ; a marginal series. Hind
wing crimson, with a spot at end of cell and a submarginal series
of spots which often coalesce into a complete band.

In the female the markings of the fore wing may be totally
obsolete.

Larva back, with tufts of pale ferruginous hair, the lateral
tufts long.

Hob. Moulmein; Penang; Java; Borneo. Kvp.t <$ 42, $
52 millim.

b. Male ivith branches of antenna short.

1175. Spilosoma castaneum, Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix, p. 79, pi. 158, figs.

26, 27.

J . Head and thorax brown ; the basal joint of palpi, the femora,
and the pectus crimson. Abdomen crimson above and below ; the
dorsal and lateral series of spots small* Fore wing brown, with
the basal spot, the antemedial series, the spot at end of cell, and
those on costa above it well developed ; the postmedial series
taking the form of large, extremely irregular blotches ; cilia black.
Hind wing uniform black.

5 . Head and fore wing red-brown ; the last with a black spot
at base ; a pair of antemedial spots on each side of vein 1 ; a
postmedial curved series from vein 4 to inner margin ; cilia red-
brown. Hind wing crimson, with a black spot at end of cell and
submarginal series of large spots.

Hob. Ceylon. Eocp.9 <5 40, $ 50 millim.

1176. Spilosoma rubilinea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1805, p. 810 ; C. fy S.

no. 842.
Spilosoma discinigra, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 810 ; C. fy S. no. 832.

Differs from montanum in the thorax having a black spot on
vertex. Fore wing yellowish brown, with the black spots obso-
lete ; the bands indistinct and with a crimson tinge : the antemedial
band highly annulate ; the postmedial band not so much excurved.
Hind wing yellowish brown ; the inner area slightly tinged with
crimson ; a black spot at end of cell and postmedial curved black
band.

In the form discinir/ra the base of the hind wing is suffused with
black; one specimen has the wings wholly suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Sikhim ; Shilloug ; Burma. Eocp>, 3 50, $ 56 millim.

1177. Spilosoma erythrophleps, n. sp.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish orange ; palpi and frons
black ; collar and tegulae with paired black spots ; abdomen with
dorsal black bands and patch on terminal segment. Fore wing

SPILOSOMA. 9

orange, the veins scarlet ; numerous black spots in the interspaces ;
a black streak from base through the cell to near outer margin.
Hind wing pale ochreous ; medial and postmedial maculate black
bauds conjoined into a large patch in cell ; a marginal series of
spots with one inside it on vein 5.

Rob. JXaga Hills, 6000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 52 millim.

*1178. Spilosoma brunneum, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 574; C. $ 8.

no. 828.

$ . Head and thorax pale reddish brown ; abdomen crimson,
with dorsal and lateral series of spots. Fore wing pale red-brown,
with a black speck at base below the costa; an antemedial series
of spots ; a spot at end of cell ; a postmedial band angled beyond
end of cell ; a submarginal series of spots double in places. Hind
wing uniform pale red-brown.
Hob. Bombay. Exp. 48 millim.

1179. Spilosoma casignetum, Koll. Hug. Kasch. iv, p, 469 ; C. $ S.

no. 829.
Spilarctia confusa, Butt. Cist. Ent. ii, p. 42 ; id. 111. Het. v. pi. 85,

fig. 13 ; C.8f S. no. 830.

Spilarctia howqua, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 28, pi. 122, fig. 3.
Spilarctia nydia, Butl. Cist. Ent. ii, p. 41 ; id. III. Het. v, p. 32,

pi. 85, fig. 12 ; C.8f8. no. 840.

Spilarctia sagittif era, Moore, P. Z. S. 1 888, p. 394 ; C.&S. no. 843 A.
Spilarctia howra, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 40 ; C.fy & no 836.
Spilosoma sanguinalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 810 ; C. 8f S.

no. 760.

Head, thorax, and fore wing ochreous; the dorsal spots on
abdomen often obsolete. Fore wing ochreous with an antemedial
series of specks, any or all of which may be absent ; postmedial
and submarginal series of double specks on each side of the veins,
but often almost obsolete, the postmedial series curved. Hind
wing ochreous, often more or less suffused with crimson ; a spot
at end of cell and submarginal series of spots, which are often
absent except those towards anal angle.

The form confusum is whitish or pinkish ochreous, with the
markings slightly developed ; in a female from Sikhim which
apparently belongs to this form the abdomen is orange. Howqua
has the postmedial spot of the fore wing and submarginal series of
hind wing prominent. A male from Dalhousie has the head and
thorax black.

Hab. Himalayas, from Kangra to Sikhim ; Assam ; Nagas ;
Manipur ; Calcutta ; Bombay ; Nilgiris ; Burma. Exp. 40-46
millim.

1180. Spilosoma Mfasciatum, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 55, pi. 140,

fig. 21.

J . Head and thorax dirty white ; abdomen with the dorsal and

10

lateral spots prominent. Fore wing dirty white, with the spots at
base and end of cell and the ante- and postmedial series prominent ,
the last slightly curved ; the submarginal series obsolescent. Hind
wing wholly suffused with crimson ; the spot at end of cell laixr<k ;
traces of some submarginal spots. Underside with the basal arm
and cell of fore wing suffused with black and with two postmedial
bands.

JJab. Nilgiris. Exp. 46 millim.

1181. Spilosoma comma, Wlk. Cat.vii, p. 1703; C.fyS. no. 814.
Spilosoma abdominalis, Moore, Cat. E. 1. Co. p. 356 ; Butl. III. Het.

v, pi. 85, tig. U j a # & no. 827.

cJ . Head and thorax yellowish white ; palpi crimson, the ter-
minal joint black ; pectus with a crimson tinge ; a black mark on
shoulders ; femora crimson ; abdomen with the dorsal and lalcrnl
spots prominent. Wings yellowish white ; fore wing with black
ante- and postmedial spots on the costa ; an elongate black streak
on centre of inner margin sending spurs into the interno-median
interspace from each of its extremities.

$ . Fore wing without the postmedial spot on the costa ; hind
wing with a spot at end of cell.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas. Exp., <$ 50, $ 58 millim.

1182. Spilosoma lacteatum, Butl. Ill Het. v, p. 31, pi. 85, fig. 10, and

vii, pi. 138, tig. 2 (larva) ; C. & S. no. 839.

c? . Head and thorax pale ochreous ; palpi, frons, and pectus
black ; fore femora crimson; thorax with a black streak on the vert c.\ .
Fore wing pale ochreous; a black subbasal spot below the median
nervure ; a curved band of small spots from the apex to centre
of inner margin, the spots on inner margin and between veins
2 and 3 taking the form of long streaks ; submarginal double
specks from veins 3 to 5. Hind wing white, with a black sub-
marginal spot towards apex and three towards anal angle.

$ with the abdominal segments fringed with white and a large
anal white tuft.

Larva black, with segmental tufts of black and dirty white hairs ;
the head and a dorsal tuft of hair on anal segment red-brown.

Hob. Dharmsala ; Sikhirn. Exp., $ 52, $ 60 millim.

1183. Spilosoma melanopsis, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 280; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. ii, pi. 108, tig. 2 ; C.8f S. no. 811.
Aloa callisoma, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 101, tig. 4.

Head and thorax ochreous ; frons black ; palpi crimson, black
above ; paired black spots on the shoulders and tegula3. Abdomen
crimson above, whitish below, with a dorsal and two paired lateral
series of black spots ; thorax below and femora crimson. Fore
wing ochreous ; a fuscous oblique band from the costa beyond the

SPILOSOMA. — THYBGOBIffA. 11

middle to centre of inner margin. Hind wing ochreous ; the
inner area suffused with crimson. Cilia of both wings white.
Nab. Ceylon. Ex_p., rf 5(5, $ 78 millim.

1184. Spilosoma rubitinctum, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1865, p. 809; C. $ S.

no. 843.
Icambosida punctiliuea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 40 ; C. fy S. no. 863.

Head and thorax pale orange ; palpi black fringed with crimson ;
antenna} with the shaft whitish ; some crimson on pectus ; abdo-
men crimson, the dorsal and lateral spots small. JFore wing
crimson, shading off to orange outwardly ; an oblique band from
vein 5 to centre of inner margin. Hind wing white ; a black spot-
at end of cell and a submarginal series of two subapical spots and
three towards anal angle.

The form punctilinea is very pale.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp., 3 44, $ 56 millim.

1185. Spilosoma erythrozona, Koll. Hug. Kasch. iv, p. 468; C. $ S.

no. 833.
Spilosoma cognata, Wlk. Char. Undescr. Het. p. 11 (1869).

Head and thorax white ; abdomen crimson above with black
bands ; white below, with two series of black spots. Wings white,
some specimens with traces of a spot at end of cell and sub-
marginal spots to both wings.

Hab. N.W.Himalayas; Kashmir. Exp.9 <S 40, $ 46 millim.

D. Abdomen brown ; antennae serrate in male.

1186. Spilosoma fuscipenne, n. sp.

S . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale reddish brown ; abdomen
with black dorsal and lateral specks. Fore wing dark fuscous
brown, with indistinct ante- and postmedial black lines, the latter
slightly angled at lower end of cell. Hind, wing pale fuscous.
1'eniora of fore and hind legs crimson on the outside.

Hab. Simla (Harford). Exp. 48 millim. Type in B. M.

Genus THYRGORINA.

Thvrgorina, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 317 (1864).
Echlida, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 386 (1865).
Icambosida, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 400.
Andala, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 774 (1866), praeocc.
Carbisa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 41 (1879).

Type, T. indica, Guen.

Range. Himalayas ; Bombay ; Nilgiris ; Burma.

Palpi short, porrect, and hairy. Antennae of male with the
branches longer than in typical Spilosoma ; thorax and abdomen
of slighter build ; mid tibia3 with one pair of spurs, hind tibiae

12 ARCTIID^E.

with two pairs. Wings sparsely covered with hair-like scales and
slightly diaphanous ; the venation as in Spilosoma ; fore wing
rather long and narrow. Female with an abdominal tuft.

A. Abdomen yellow above.

1 187. Thyrgorina indica, Gutr. Voy. Deless. p. 93 ; C. 8c S. no. 837.
Thyrprorina spilosomata, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 318 ; C. fy S. no. 770.
Echlida subjecta, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 387 ; C. $ S. no. 1070.

Head and thorax white ; palpi black ; frons and shoulders pale
yellow ; abdomen yellowr, with dorsal and
lateral series of black spots. Wings
white, in some specimens with a creamy
tinge. Fore wing with the basal half of
costa black; traces of a subbasal series
of spots ; a medial curved series and
postmedial series angled outwards at
Fig. 3. lower end of cell ; a submargirial series.

Thyrgorina indica, tf. |. Hind wing with a spot at end of cell
and submarginal series of black spots,
those towards anal angle large.

Some specimens have entirely lost the markings on the wings,
all the iatergrades between them and the well-marked forms being
found.

Hob. Bombay ; Nilgiris. Exp., <$ 32, $ 42 millim.

1188. Thyrgorina multivittata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 808 ; C. 8? S.

no. 768.

Differs from indica in the first band of the fore wing being
antemedial and much more angled ; the postmedial band also much
more angled and joined by an oblique series of spots from the
apex ; the submarginal series confined to the area between veins
3 and 5.

As in indica, the markings on the wings may be entirely
obsolete. In the well-marked males the shoulders are reddish
orange and black, the pectus and frons black ; whilst in the pale
forms the whole shoulder and pectus are yellow, and the palpi
fringed with yellow, the frons white. In the female there is no
yellow on shoulders or pectus.

Hab. Murree ; Punjab ; Sikhim ; Nagas ; Burma. Exp., J 36,
$ 42 millim.

1189. Thyrgorina nigrifrons, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 401 ; Butl, III Het.

v, pi. 85, fig. 3,- C. $ S. no. 862.

c? . Differs from multivittata in the head, thorax, and abdomen
being clothed with longer hair ; palpi, frous, fore legs, and abdomen
below black ; collar orange-yellow ; abdomen yellow above, the
basal and terminal segments white ; wings unmarked.

£ . Frons white ; a large pale anal tuft.
Hab. Sikhim. Exp., j 38, £ 48 millim.

THTBGORItfA. 13

1190. Thyrgorina unifascia, Wlk, Cat. iii,p. 774; JButl. III. Het. vii,

pi. 138, tig. 11 (larva) ; C.&& no. 772.
Alpkaea varia, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 297 ; C. Sf S. no. 861.

cJ . Head and thorax white ; palpi black ; collar arid tegulae with
small black spots ; abdomen yellow, with short dorsal bands, a
large patch on terminal segment, and lateral series of spots. Fore
wing white, with three black spots near the base ; an antemedial
series of spots ; a medial angulated broad black band with irregular
edges ; indistinct postmedial, submarginal, and marginal series of
spots, those on the costa large. Hind wing with a spot at end of
cell and a submarginal series.

5 . The abdomen and hind wing smoky white in some specimens.

Larva black, with tufts of white hair ; dorsal and paired sub-
dorsal series of segmental white spots.

Hab. Mussooree ; Kangra. Exp., $ 39, $ 50 millim.

1191. Thyrgorina discalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 399, pi. 32, fig. 7 ;

C. Sf S. no. 855.

S . Ochreous ; abdomen orange, with dorsal and lateral series
of black spots. Fore wing with a black spot at end of cell arid
traces of fuscous spots forming antemedial and medial bands.
Hind wing with an indistinct spot at end of cell.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 30 millim.

1192. Thyrgorina obliquivitta, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 40, pi. 2, fig. 26 ;

C. # S. no. 841.

Head and thorax pale ochreous ; abdomen orange, with lateral
series of black spots. Fore wing pale ochreous, with an oblique
series of black conjoined spots from apex to centre of" inner margin.
Hind wing white.

Hab. Sikhim; Manipur. Exp., $ 36, $ 54 millim.

1193. Thyrgorina venosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 41, pi. 11, fig. 10;

C. $ S. no. 864.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous, the last with narrow
dorsal black bands or spots. Fore wing brownish ochreous, the
veins whitish ; cilia ochreous. Hind wing pale ochreous, with a
very indistinct submarginal band.

Another specimen has the ground-colour of the wings smoky
black, the veins and cilia of fore wing yellow. Another form has
the wings wholly black, with a yellow spot on the costa above the
end of cell of fore wing.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 36 millim.

1194. Thyrgorina Havens, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 39; C. $ S. no. 824.

Ochreous ; abdomen orange, with dorsal and lateral series of
black spots. Fore wing with a wide black medial band of six

14 ATK'TIIDJE.

spots, the two spots in the cell long and extending to just beyond
it ; a postmedial band of nine spots excurved round the end of
cell ; two submarginal spots between veins 4 and 6. Hind wing
with a spot at end of cell ; a maculate band beyond the cell from
the costa to vein 3: a submarginal maculate band interrupted
between veins 3 and 4.

Some specimens lose the submarginal spots of fore wing and all
the markings of hind wing except the spots near anal angle.

Hal. Sikhira ; Khasis. Exp. 42 millim.

B. Abdomen crimson or fiery red above.

1195. Thyrgorina biseriata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 596 : C. & S.

no. 823.

$ . Head and thorax reddish ochreous ; collar fringed with
crimson ; abdomen crimson, with series of black dorsal and lateral
spots. Fore wing reddish ochreous ; two black spots at base ; a
medial band of six spots; two spots at end of cell ; a postmedial
band of nine spots excurved round end of cell. Hind wing dull
crimson ; a black spot at end of cell, one near base of inner margin
and ons at anal angle.

Hab. S. Andaman Island. Exp. 38 inillim.

1196. Thyrgorina sordida, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 808; C. $ S.

no. 844.

c? . Head and thorax pale reddish brown ; abdomen crimson,
with slight dorsal and lateral series of black spots. Wings pale
red-brown : fore wing with traces of antemedial and postmedial
curved lines and a mark on discocellulars ; hind wing with spots
at end of cell and some submarginal spots.

Hab. ISikhim. Exp. 36 millim.

1197. Thyrgorina sikkimensis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 39, pi. 2, fig. 12;

C. 8f 8. no. 809.

2 . Head and thorax pale ochreous brown ; abdomen pale
crimson, with dorsal and lateral series of black spots ; the first
segment brown, the terminal segments and anal tuft ochreous.
Pore wing ochreous brown, the veins paler, with traces of a medial
oblique band. Hind wing fuscous, with an indistinct pale sub-
marginal band.

This may be the female of T. sordida.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 46 millim.

1198. Thyrgorina eximia, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 137, pi. viii,

fig. 8.

J . Orange-red ; thorax spotted with black. Fore wing with a
black spot at base ; a curved subbasal band ; a broad V-shaped

THYKGORINA. — ARCTTA. 15

medial band and submarginal series of spots. Hind wing: with a
spot at end of cell and a submarginal series of spots, those towards
anal angle largest, the middle spot minute.
Hob. Canara. Exp. 30 millim.

1199. Thyrgorina rhodophila, Wlk. Cat. xxxi,p. 294; Butl 111 Het.

v, pi. 85, %. 4 ; C. % & no. 769.
Spilosoma rubidorsa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 808.
Icambosida dorsalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 394; C. 8f S.

no. 861 A.

c? . Differs from muhivittata in the shoulder and pectus being
crimson; palpi fringed with crimson; abdomen bright crimson.
Wings pure white. Pore wing with cmly the oblique maculate
band from the apex to inner margin and the submarginal spots
between veins 3 and 5. Hind wing with the spot at end of cell
and submarginal series obsolescent.

$ . The basal and terminal segments of abdomen pure white ;
the medial crimson segments with a prominent dorsal series of
black spots.

Larva. Head red-brown ; dorsal area dark brown, with a series
of white streaks on the vertex ; lateral area pale brown, with pale
streaks and tufts of long hair arising from yellow papillae.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Nagas ; Manipur. Exp. 42
milliin.

C. Abdomen black.

1200. Thyrgorina melanosoma, n. sp.

Differs from indica in the abdomen being black ringed with
white, the basal segment clothed with white hair, the others slightly
fringed with white ; anal tuft ochreous. Wings with hardly a
trace of markings.

Hob. Kulu (G. Young} ; Sikhim (Holler) ; Khasis (Elwes).
Exp. 46 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

Genus ARCTIA.

Arctia, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii, p. 152 (1802).

Euprepia, Ochs. Eur. Schmett. iii, p. 299 (1810).

Alope, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 619 (1855).— i^c-a UwCj* ^ 1&U7

Gonerda, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 395.

Type, A. villica, Linn., from Europe.

Ranye. N. America ; Palaearctic region ; Himalayas ; through-
out India and Ceylon ; Assam.

Palpi porrect, reaching beyond the frons, the first two joints
fringed with hair. Antennae bipectinated in male, the branches
short, swollen at extremity, and with a terminal bristle, serrate in
female. Legs hairy ; hind tibia3 with two pairs of spurs. Fore
wing rather short and broad. Venation as in Spilosoma.

16 ARCTIIDjE.

1201. Arctia suttadra, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 395 ; C. & S. no. 753.

Arctia cajula, Stand. Ent. Mo. Mag. xxii, p. 258.

c?. Head and thorax pale red-brown, slightly marked with
scarlet and white ; abdomen crimson, with short dorsal black
bands and lateral spots. Fore wing red-brown ; two white spots

Fig. 4. — Arctia suttadra, J . \.

on basal part of costa and two in interno-median interspace, the
basal mark large and with a brown spot on it ; a white bar from
the costa to lower angle of cell ; a postmedial band from costa to
outer angle ; two subapical specks. Hind wing scarlet ; two
antemedial black spots ; one at end of cell ; a submarginal series of
conjoined black blotches ; black streaks at apex and middle of outer
margin.

The markings of the fore wing may be well developed or much
reduced.

$ with white streaks on thorax.

A variety has the hind wing yellow.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas. Exp., rf 44, $ 48 millim.

1202. Arctia orientalis, Moore, A. M. N. H. (5) i, 1878, p. 230;

C. $ S. no. 751.

J . Head and thorax rufous ; palpi fringed with scarlet ; ab-
domen scarlet, with short dorsal black bands. Fore wing rufous ;
the basal area white, sending a spur outwards in the interno-median
interspace, and with rufous spots on the costa and inner margin ;
short white bands from the costa to median nervure at middle and
towards end of cell ; a postmedial band conjoined at middle to a
doubly-angled submarginal band. Hind wing scarlet ; a large
black spot on median nervure at middle of cell, with a small spot
below it on vein 1 ; three submargiual spots ; all these with deep
blue centres ; cilia yellowish white. Underside with a broad black
medial band to both wings.

Closely allied to A. caja, Linn.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Khasis ; Sibsagar. Exp. 66 millim.

1203. Arctia perornata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 395, pi. 32, fig. 2 ;

C. $• S. no. 755.

J . Head and thorax ochreous ; head black at sides and below ;

AECTIA. 17

thorax with three black-brown stripes ; abdomen crimson, with
some brown on the vertex of basal segments, lateral crimson tufts
and anal dark tuft with two small crimson tufts ; femora striped
with crimson. Fore wing ochreous ; some short black basal streaks ;
antemedial, medial, postmedial, and submarginal angulated black
bands ; a patch on discocellulars and marginal band. Hind wing
crimson ; a broad antemedial black band ; a large patch at end of
cell, with a narrow curved band from it to inner margin ; a sub-
marginal band broken towards anal angle ; a marginal line.
Cilia of both wings ochreous.

$ . Some specimens have the abdomen crimson, with black spots
on vertex and lateral bands ; the bands of both wings much re-
duced in width, those of the fore wing highly angulated ; the
marginal line of hind wing absent.

In others the head and abdomen are black, the latter ringed
with crimson ; fore wing with the bands very broad, the antemedial
and medial bands conjoined ; hind wing with the basal area black,
the bands broad, the marginal line present.

Nab. Kashmir. Exp. 41-48 millim.

*1204. Arctia ? tibetica, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 101, fig. 12 ; C. $ S.
no. 754.

Head and thorax red-brown ; collar crimson ; abdomen dark
red-brown, with the sides crimson and extremity ochreous. Fore
wing red-brown, the basal area darkest ; a yellow streak from the
base below median nervure. Hind wing crimson ; the basal and
costal areas black ; a streak along base of inner margin ; black
streaks along veins 1 and 2 to the submarginal series of blotches ;
a spot at centre of cell and another at middle of outer margin.

Hob. Ladak. Exp. 28 millim.

*1205. Arctia? parvula, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 100, fig. 24; C. $ S.
no. 752.

c? . Head crimson ; thorax and abdomen pale brown, the latter
with white segmental rings. Fore wing pale brown, with a black
mark at base extending along inner margin to middle ; basal two-
thirds of costa pink ; a black spot at end of cell ; an obsolescent
curved postmedial band. Hind wing crimson, the base black, a
fascia extending from it to a submarginal band with waved edges ;
a black spot at end of cell. Cilia of both wings pink.

Hob. " Himalayas." Exp. 28 millim.

1206. Arctia ricini, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 583; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii,

pi. 106, figs. 2, 2 a, b (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 780.
Phaleena zerah, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv, pi. 397, fig. G.
A lope ocellifera, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 620.
Alope clavatus, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 295 ; C. $ S. no. 778.

Head and thorax dark grey-brown ; collar fringed with crimson

VOL. II. C

18

and with a pair of pale-ringed black spots ; tegulae with two pairs
and vertex of thorax with one similar spot ; abdomen crimson, with
a series of short dorsal black bands and lateral spots. Fore wing
fuscous brown, with very numerous pale-ringed black spots in the
interspaces. Hind wing crimson, with antemedial, medial, post-
medial, and marginal bands and more or less conjoined blotches.

The variety clavatus has the hind wing orange, whilst in zerah it
is yellow.

Larva dark brown speckled with white, and with dorsal and
ateral tufts of long dark hair.

Hal. Throughout India and Ceylon. Exp., <$ 33-50, $ 60-68
millim.

1207. Arctia transversa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 398; C. $ S.
no. 853.

c? . Pale brown ; thorax spotted with black. Fore wing with
two black spots below base of costa ; an antemedial angulated
series of spots ; a medial angulated band broken at middle ; a
postmedial maculate band ; a submarginal series, the spots from
veins 2 to 6 almost obsolete ; a marginal series. Hind wing pale
brown, with a spot at end of cell and submarginal series. (Head
and abdomen of type wanting.)

Hob. " N.W. India." Exp. 38 millim.

Genus OCNOGYNA.
Ocnogyna, Rambur, Lep. And. p. 255 (1858).

Type, 0. hemigena, Grasl., from Europe.
Range. Europe; Kashmir.

Differs from Arctia in the head being clothed with long hair ,
the palpi extremely minute and buried in hair.
Female with the wings aborted.

1208. Ocnogyna postflavida, n. sp.

cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen black grizzled with white ; ab-
domen fringed with yellow hair
towards extremity. Fore wing
very dark red-brown, with an in-
distinct subbasal oblique whitish
line joining a curved medial ob-
solescent band on vein 1 ; a post-
medial curved band joined at
Fig. 5. middle to a dentate submarginal

Ocnogyna postflavida, <$ . {. line. Hind wing orange irrorated

with dark scales, the inner area
blackish ; a broad marginal black band interrupted by a streak

OCNOGYNA. — PANGORA. 19

from the orange area to centre of margin ; a black patch at
end of cell. Cilia yellow.

ffab. Skoro La, Kashmir (Leech). Exp. 28 millim. Type in
coll. Leech.

Genus PANGORA.
Pangora, Moore, Lep. AtU. p. 42 (1879).

Type, P. distorta, Moore.

Range. N.W. Himalayas ; Bombay and Malabar ; Ceylon.

Palpi not projecting beyond the irons. Antennae almost simple
in both sexes. Hind tibiaB with two pairs of spurs. .Fore wing
rather long and narrow. Venation as in Sjnlosoma.

1209. Pangora erosa, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 708; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii,
pi. 107, figs. 1, 1 a, b (larva) j C. $ S. no. 776.

d" . Palpi crimson, with the third joint black ; head white, with
a black spot on vertex; collar and tegulffi white, with pairs of
black spots ; thorax brown, with white stripes near the tegulae ; ab-
domen crimson above, with a dorsal series of brown spots. Legs
striped with crimson. Eore wing brown, with a highly irregular
white fascia from the base, joining a nearly straight medial band
sometimes interrupted above median nervure, and with a brown
subbasal spot on it below median nervure ; two subapical spots
and one submarginal above vein 3. Hind wing crimson, with
three large irregular submarginal brown blotches and some small
spots on the margin below apex.

5 with the submarginal spots on fore wing small ; hind wing
with medial brown spots at origin of vein 2 and on vein 1, and
the submarginal spots conjoined into a broad band.

Larva. Dark brown ; clothed with dense tufts of blackish hair.

Nab. Nilgiris, S. slopes ; Ceylon. Exp. 60 millim.

1210. Pangora distorta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 42, pi. ii, fig. 14 ; C. $S.

no. 775.

c? . Differs from erosa in the spots on the thorax being large,
two spots taking the place of the stripe on vertex. Fore wing
with the basal irregular patch separate from the medial band, which
is very irregular ; the subapical and submarginal spots large.
Hind wing crimson, with a double black spot at upper angle of
cell ; a submarginal series of three patent s decreasing in size
towards anal angle.

Hob. Mussooree; Simla. Eocp. 64 rniliim.

1211. Pangora rubelliaua, Sitinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 403.

c? . Differs from erosa in the fore wing having the subbasal
white patch large, with two spots on it, and separated from the

o2

20 ARCTIID^E.

medial band, which is broken up into two highly-irregular patches ;
the submarginal spots five in number.

Fig. 6. — Pangora rubelliana, $ . |.

$ with a nearly complete medial band to hind wing.
Hob. Canara ; Nilgiris, W. slopes. Rrp., rf 50, $ 58 millim.

1212. Pangora matherana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 396 ; Waterh.

Aid, ii, pi. 131, fig. 6 ; C. 8? S. no. 777.

$ . Differs from rubelliana in having all the crimson parts
orange ; the medial irregular patches of fore wing conjoined.
Hob. Bombay ; Matheran. Exp. 60 millim.

Genus ALPHJEA.

Alpha*, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 683 (1855).
Nyaca, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 43 (1879).
Rajendra, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 43.

Type, A. fulvohirta, Wlk.

Range. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java.

Palpi short and hairy, extending beyond the frons. Hind tibiae
with two pairs of spurs. Pore wing rather long and narrow.
Venation as in Spilosoma.

SECT. I. Antennae of male with short branches, of female serrate.
A. Abdomen of male clothed with long hair.

1213. Alphsea fulvohirta, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 684 ; Butl. III. Het. v,

pi. 85, fig. 8 ; C. $ S. no. 859.

Palpi and frons black ; vertei
of head white ; collar white,
striped with black and slightly
fringed with yellow ; thorax
black ; tegulse white, striped
with black. Abdomen orange
above, the underside white,
banded and spotted with black.
Fig. 7. Pore wing smoky black, the veins

Alphaa fulvohirta, <$ . \. pale and witn numerous white

spots in the interspaces. Hind wing white, with some blaciv

ALPH^EA. 21

marks on the costa ; a lunulate mark at end of cell ; an
irregular interrupted submarginal band ; some small marks on
the margin near apex.

Ilab. Sikhim. Exp. 55 millim.

1214. Alphaea florescens, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 43, pi. ii; fig. 13 ; C. fy S.

no. 858.

c? • Differs from fulvohirta in the vertex of head being yellow ;
the collar fringed with red ; abdomen crimson ; femora red. Fore
wing with the ground-colour olive-brown ; the spots much fewer
in number, those in the interno-median interspace being conjoined
into a highly irregular streak, and the only other prominent spots
being some on costa, one at end of cell, one beyond it, and con-
joined submarginal and marginal series. Hind wing with the
base black; the spot at end of cell and submarginal conjoined
series large.

$ . The vertex of head white ; fringe to collar and femora
crimson ; abdomen with a dorsal series of black spots.

Bab. Sikhim. Exp., <$ 54, $ 66 millim.

1215. Alphaea imbuta, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 614 ; Butl. HI Set v, pi. 86,

fig. 1 ; C.$S. no. 860.

c? . Olive-brown ; frons and vertex of head pale bun0 ; abdomen
above and femora crimson. Fore wing with the veins yellow ; a
white patch at base, with a black spot on it ; some irregular white
marks in the interno-median interspace ; some spots on costa and
others on outer area. Hind wing black, with a yellow postmedial
spot below vein 2 and some conjoined spots on outer area.

$ with a series of black dorsal spots on abdomen. Hind wing
with an irregular yellow postmedial band from vein 3 to anal angle,
and complete irregular marginal band.

Hob. Simla; Sikhim. Exp., 3 44, $ 70 millim.

B. Abdomen of male clothed with short scales.

1216. Alphsea quadriramosa, Koll. HilgeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 468;
C. Sf S. no. 822.

Palpi black, fringed with yellow ; head and thorax white ; collar
with paired black spots and slightly fringed with yellow ; thorax
and tegulse striped with black ; abdomen orange, with dorsal seg-
mental black bands and lateral and ventral spots. Femora orange.
Fore wing white, with broad black fasciae along subcostal, median,
and submedian nervures, the fascia on median nervure dividing up
into streaks along veins 2, 3, 4, 5, and spots on veins 6 and 7.
Hind wing white, with a black lunule at end of cell and a sub-
marginal series of four spots.

The markings may be much reduced and the hind wing unmarked.

22 ARCTIID^.

Larva brownish black, slightly powdered with pale specks and
with tufts of dark red hairs.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Khasi and Naga Hills ; ? Satara. Ern.9
3 40, $ 48 mfflim.

1217. Alphaea tigrina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 398, pi. 32, fig. 4;

C. $ S. no. 850.

cJ . Differs from quadriramosa in the branches of the antenna
being rather longer ; colour orange-buff ; tegulae without the black
stripe. Eore wing with the fasciae along the subcostal nervure,
median nervure and veins rising from it, and submedian nervure
broader and more irregular ; a submargiiial series of black spots
more or less joined to the median fascia. Hind wing with a black
blotch at end of cell, a submarginal series, and some black marks
on the inner and discal areas.

In some specimens the black markings of fore and hind wing
extend over the greater part of the surface.

Hab. Palni Hills. Exp. 46 millim.

1218. Alphaea leopardina, Eott. HilgeVs Easchmir. iv, p. 4G7, pi 21.

fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 802.

Nyaca divisa, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 614 ; Butl 111. Ilet. v, pi. 86, fig. 2 ;
C. # S. no. 857.

Palpi and frons black ; vertex of head white ; teguke black,
fringed with white ; thorax white, with a broad black stripe on
vertex ; abdomen crimson above, the extremity yellow, and with
dorsal and lateral series of black spots. Fore wing white, with
conjoined black patches occupying most of the surface ; a broad
fascia along median nervure coalescing with some patches from
the costa and an oblique postmedial band bifurcating towards the
costa : some smaller submarginal marks and a series of patches
along inner margin. All these markings are, however, sometimes
reduced and separated. Hind wing black, with an irregular white
postmedial band, sometimes only extending from the costa to lower
angle of cell ; some submarginal and marginal marks.

One specimen has the whole of the underside of the fore wing
except the outer area, and also the inner area of the hind wing,
suffused with crimson, showing through to the upperside.

Hal. N.W. Himalayas and ? Khasi Hills. Exp., 3 45, $
56 millim.

1219. Alphsea vittata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 396, pi. 32, fig. 12 ;

C. fy S. no. 797.

Head and thorax* black ; vertex of head with a white band ;
tegulse white, with a black spot ; abdomen crimson above, black
below, with a series of short dorsal black bands ; femora crimson.
Fore wing black ; a white fascia from the base to the apex de-
scribing an almost even curve. Hind wing crimson, with a black

ALPHJEA. 23

spot at end of cell and subnmrginal series of four spots, the two
towards apex sometimes obsolete ; cilia white.
Hab. Burma ; Nilgiri plateau. Exp. 46 millim.

1220. Alphaea biguttata, Wlk. Cat. in, p. 707 ; C. Sf 8. no. 789.
Spilosoma lativitta, Moore, P. Z. 8, 1865, p. 809 ; C. $ 8. no. 792.
Rajendra irregularis, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 72, pi. 107, fig. 2;

C. fy 8. no. 790.

Differs from vittata in the white fascia of the fore wing being
broader and elbowed at vein 2. Hind wing with the cilia black ;
in the variety irregularis white.

Hab. Sikhim ; Pareshnath ; Oanara ; Mlgiris, W. slopes ; Ceylon.
Exp. 47 millim.

1221. Alphaea nigricans, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 572 ; C. $ S. no. 793.

c? . Head and thorax black ; a white band on vertex of head ;
tegulae white, with a black spot; abdomen crimson, with black
dorsal and ventral bands. Tore wing uniform dark red-brown,
with very faint traces of the curved fascia. Hind wing crimson,
with a brown band on the costa extending into end of cell and the
three submarginal spots.

Hab. Deccan; Bombay; Matheran. Exp. 40 millim.

1222. Alphaea dentata, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 708.

Aloa khandalla, Moore, Cat. E. I. Co. p. 361, pi. 9 a, fig. 13 ;
C. 8f S. no. 791.

Differs from biguttata in being brownish black ; the fascia of
the fore wing more or less produced into the middle of cell and
downwards at the elbow, whence it is bent upwards at a sharper
angle and reaches the costa before the apex ; a white patch on the
outer margin below the apex and another at centre. Hind wing
almost white in male, crimson in female ; the cilia pale.

Hab. Bombay ; Canara ; Nilgiris. Exp. 52 millim.

1223. Alphaea pannosa, Moore, P.Z.S. 1879, p. 397, pi. 32, fig. 8;

Butl. III. Het. vii, pi. 138, fig. 8 (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 794.

Differs from dentata in having two brown spots on the collar ;
the tegulae striped brown and white ; abdomen writh dorsal dark
spots. Fore wing with the fascia extremely irregular and reaching
the outer margin below the apex, a black spot on it at base ; some
spots on the costa and three transversely placed before the apex ;
some specimens with two spots at end of cell and two towards
outer angle; others have the markings of the foro wing much
reduced. Hind wing crimson, with a speck at end of cell ; a large
spot near apex, and one or two towards anal angle.

Larva black, with tufts of pale hair ; a dorsal yellowish band
and two lateral white bands ; head red-brown : legs pale brown.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas. Evp., 3 43, 9 50 millim.

24

1224. Alphaea sipaM, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 573 ; C.&S. no. 795.

<S . Differs from pannosa in the white band of the fore wing
being broken up into numerous spots. Hind wing with two dark
blotches on the costa as well as the submarginal marks.

Hob. Bombay ; Mahableshwar ; Madras. Exp. 34 millim.

SECT. II. Antenna? of male serrate, of female simple.

1225. Alphaea obliquifascia, n. sp.

c? . Head and thorax black-brown ; vertex of head and tegulae
pale yellow ; abdomen orange, with black dorsal bands and patch
on last segment. Fore wing black-brown, with two white spots
in the basal half of the interno-median interspace ; a small spot at
middle of cell ; a postmedial oblique band of six spots from the
apex and one to four spots on outer margin. Hind wing pale
yellow, sometimes almost white ; a black spot at end of cell ; one
submarginal spot towards apex and two towards anal angle ; the
submarginal spots sometimes obsolete ; cilia pale.

2 with the markings of the hind wing usually much more
extensive than in the male aud the cilia black.

Hob. Dharmsala ; Assam ; Burma ; Java. Exp., <3 36, 5
40 millim. Type in B. M.

1226. Alphaea tripartita, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 706; Butl. III. Het. v,

pi. 86, fig. 4 ; C. 8f S. no. 796.

$ differs from obliquifascia in the band of six spots on the fore
wing being curved instead of oblique and starting from the costa
beyond the middle.

Hob. Moulmein. Exp. 42 millim.

1227. Alphaea impleta, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 286 ; C.Sf S. no. 801.
Alphsea abdominalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 682 ; C. $ S. no. 856.

Palpi and frons black ; vertex of head white ; antenna? black
tipped with white ; collar white, with two black patches ; tegula?
white, each with a black spot ; thorax white, with a broad black
band on vertex ; abdomen orange, with a series of black dorsal
spots and the extremity black ; the ventral surface black, with
four series of white spots ; legs black, mid and hind femora with
large white spots. Fore wing black, with numerous large creamy-
white spots in the interspaces. Hind wing pale orange, with a
black mark at centre of costa extending into the cell ; postmedial
and submarginal series of irregular black marks ; the apex black.

ITab, Sikhim. Exp.) (S 54, $ 66 millim.

Genus AREAS.

Areas, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 658 (1855).
Melanareas, Butl III. Het. vii, p. 29 (1889).

Typo, A. galactina, V7an der Hoev.

AREAS. 25

Range. Himalayas ; Assam Hills ; Borneo ; Java.
Palpi porrect and long, the third joint naked. Hind tibiae with
two pairs of spurs. Venation as in Spilosoma.

SECT. 1. Antennas bipectinated in male, the branches short,
serrated in female.

1228. Areas galactina, Van der Hoev. Tijdsch. Nat. Gesch. 1840,

p. 280.

Areas orieutalis, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 658 ; C.fy S. no. 812.
Neumenes trigonalis, Voll. Tijd. v. Ent. 1863, p. 140, pi. x. fig. 1.

Head orange; frons and third joint of palpi black; antennae
black tipped with white ; thorax white above, crimson below, with
paired black spots on collar and two pairs on tegulae ; a broad

Fig. 8. — Areas galactina, $ . |.

brown band on vertex ; thorax crimson above, yellow below, with
dorsal and lateral series of black spots ; femora orange. Pore
wing white, the veins brown ; an outwardly oblique brown band
met on vein 2 by an inwardly oblique band which forks towards
the costa; inner area brown, sending divergent spurs upwards near
the base. Hind wing yellow ; a brown spot on costa, one at end
of cell ; two to four small submarginal spots, the two towards apex
often absent.

Hab. Himalayas ; Khasis ; JS"agas ; Borneo ; Java. Exp., $ 66,
$ 90 millim.

1229. Areas imperialis, Koll. HilgeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 466, pi. 21
tig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 810.

Antennae black, white at tips ; head black, the vertex white.
Thorax black ; collar with white and crimson lateral stripes ;
tegulse white, with a black spot ; abdomen crimson, with black
bands. Eore wing black ; a white fascia above median nervure
and vein 5 ; a streak from beyond upper angle of cell to costa
before apex and from lower angle to outer margin above vein 2 ;
a broad fascia from the base along vein 1 ; a series of marginal

26 ARCTIIDJE.

spots. Hind wing yellow, with a black lunule at end of cell and
four large submarginal patches, the two upper conjoined.

Larva black, with tut'ts of long ferruginous bair ; head ferru-
ginous ; stigmata white.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exp.t <$ 80, $ 94 millim.

SECT. II. Antennae of male simple.

1230. Areas arginalis, n. sp.

c? . Head crimson spotted with black, the third joint of palpi
black. Thorax ochreous tinged with crimson, the collar, tegulae,
and vertex marked with black ; abdomen crimson, with dorsal and
lateral series of black spots. Pore wing smoky black ; a white
spot at base, three below costa, two in cell, four in interno-median
interspace, and three on vein 1 ; a broad irregular maculate band
from the costa beyond middle to outer margin above the angle ;
three submarginal spots. Hind wing crimson; three medial black
spots ; three submarginal blotches, the one near apex conjoined to
some marks on the margin.

Hob. Naga Hills, 3500 feet (Doherty}. Exp. 103 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

Genus CREATONOTUS.

Creatonotos, Hilbn. Verz. p. 1G9 (1818).
Rhodogastria, Hilbn. Verz. p. 172.
Aloa, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 099 (1855).
Savara, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 3:20 (1864).
Bucsea, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1983 (1866).

Type, C. interrupts, Linn.

Range. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; China ; Penang ;
Java.

Palpi short and porrect. Hind tibiae with one pair of spurs.
Fore wing rather narrow. Venation as in Spilosoma. Fore wing
in some specimens writh vein 10 from cell, and vein 5 in both wings
sometimes from above angle of cell.

SECT. I. (Creatonotus'). Antennae minutely ciliated in
both sexes.

1231. Creatonotus interruptus, Gmel. Sijst. Nat. 1. v, p. 2553; Moore,

Lep. E. I. Co. pi. 17, %s. 1, 1 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 787.
Creatonotus continuatus, Moore, A. M. N. If. (4) xx, 1877, p. 344 ;

id. Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 108, figs. 4, 5, 5 a • C. $ S. no. 786.
Bombyx francisca, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii, p. 131.

Head, thorax, and fore wing pale pinkish ochreous ; palpi and
legs smoky black, the femora yellow ; a broad dorsal baud on
thorax ; abdomen crimson above, with dorsal and lateral series ok'
black spots. Fore wing with a broad black fascia below median
nervure ; two black spots at end of cell, and a broad streak beyond
the lower angle. Hind wing pale or dark fuscous ; some specimens
with a submarginal series of black spotc.

CEEATOtfOTUS. 27

The variety continuatus has additional black streaks on the fore
wing below the costa, in cell, above inner margin, and in the mar-
ginal interspaces, but all the intergrades occur.

Larva black, sparsely clothed with long hairs ; head marked
with white ; a yellow dorsal line with a series of orange spots on
it ; prolegs pale.

Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp. 42 millim.

SECT. IT. (RJiodogastria). Antennae fasciculated in male.
A. Abdomen crimson.

1232. Creatonotus xnoorei, Butt. Cist. Ent. ii, p. 23 ; id. 111. Het. v,

pi. 85, tig. 2 ; C.fyS. no. 820.
Aloa sara, Swinh. P. Z. 8. 1889, p. 404.

Antennae black, with the basal joint scarlet. Palpi scarlet at
sides, white below, the terminal joint black ; head white, with a
crimson line behind it ; thorax white ; abdomen scarlet above, with
a series of black dorsal spots, white belowr, with two series of black
lateral spots. Wings white : fore wing with a scarlet fascia along
the costa ; a black speck at each angle of cell ; some specimens
with some spots between the lower angle of cell and inner margin
and a subbasal spot on vein 2. Hind wing with a black spot at
end of cell and a submarginal series of four, the two towards
anal angle sometimes absent.

The form sara has the black spots prominent and a pair on the
tegulae.

Hab. Almora ; Karachi ; Bombay. Exp., 3 58, $ 44 millim.

1233. Creatonotus collaris. Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 54, pi. 140. fig. 18.

3 . Differs from moorei in having the scarlet band at back of
head broader ; the collar fringed with scarlet ; the costal fascia of
fore wing broader; abdomen with broad dorsal black bands.

Hab. Nilgiris, W. slopes. Exp. 50 millim.

1234. Creatonotus flavimargo, n. sp.

c? . Differs from collaris in the black spots on abdomen being
small. "Wings with the black spots obsolescent ; hind wing with
a marginal yellow band.

Hab. Bhamo, Burma (Fea). Exp. 50 milHm. Type in Mus.
Genova.

B. Abdomen yellow.

1235. Creatonotus lactineus, Cram. Pap. Exot.u, pi. 133, fig. D;

Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. pi. 16, fig. 12 (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 818.
Bombyx sang'uinolenta, Fabr. Ent. S\/st. iii, p. 473.
Aloa marginata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 15, pi. 6, fig. 1 ; C. $ S.

no. 819!

Differs from collaris in having the red markings of a deep
crimson tone; the band on head broader; in some specimens the
black spots are entirely absent.

ARCTIID^E.

In the variety marginatus the marginal black spots of the hind
wing have coalesced to form a complete band.

Fig. 9. — Creatonotus lactineus, $ . \.

Larva black, with lateral tufts of red-brown hair ; a subdorsal
series of scarlet spots ; dorsal, subdorsal, and lateral series of black
spots ; 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th somites with sublateral spots ;
llth somite with two spots only.

Hab. China; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Java.
Exp., c? 56, $ 66 milliin.

1236. Creatonotus negritus, Sioinh. MS.

$ . Differs from lactineus in nearly the whole abdomen and
wings being suffused with black ; fore wing with a white streak in
cell and two on inner area ; the costa with a crimson streak to-
wards apex ; cilia of both wings white.

Halt. Khasis. Exp. 62 millim. Type in B. M.

1237. Creatonotus insolatus, Swirih. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 404.

c? . Differs from lactineus in the head and collar being without
the crimson bands ; abdomen with black dorsal spots instead of
bands. Wings with the black spots almost absent: fore wing
with the costal fascia narrow.

Hab. Thyetmyo, Burma. Exp. 36 millim.

1238. Creatonotus albistriga, Wlk. C«£.xxxi, p. 303; C.fy S. no. 761.

Differs from insolatus in the band on the head being yellow ; the
thorax tinged with ochreous ; tegulae with dark spots. Fore wing
with the costal stripe yellow : the veins white ; the interspaces
fuscous, with white streaks in and below the cell. Hind wing
with the spot in cell and marginal spots large or small.

Hab. Ganjam. Exp. 44 millim.

SECT. III. (Aloa). Antennae of male bipectinate ; serrate
in female.

1239. Creatonotus emittens, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 638 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

ii, p. 74, pi. 108, figs. 3, 3 a ; C. $ S. no. 816.
Aloa candidula, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 704 ; C. $ S. no. 813.
Aloa diminuta, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 705 ; C. fy S. no. 815.
Spilosoma punctistriga, Wlk. Cat. iii; p. 676; C. <§• S. no. 821.

CBEATONOTUS. — PHISSAMA. 29

Aloa flora, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 296, pi. 20, fig. 5 ; C. $ S.

no. 817.
Creatonotus rubricosta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 573 : C. fy & .

no. 788.

Head and thorax pinkish ochreous; abdomen crimson above,
with series of dorsal and lateral black spots. Fore wing pinkish
ochreous ; a black fascia below median nervure from before the
middle of cell to some way beyond its lower angle, the veins
crossing it pale ; a black submargiual streak above vein 5.
Hind wing whitish, some specimens with a black spot at end of cell.

The S. Indian and Ceylon forms emittens and flora are much
more suffused with pink than the Northern forms ; in the former
the markings of the fore wing are prominent, in the latter obsolete
or only developed at end of cell.

Of the Northern forms, diminutus has the markings prominent ;
candidulus narrow or almost obsolete ; punctistriga with a speck at
end of cell and streak above vein 5 only.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Nepal ; Manipur ; and throughout
S. India and Ceylon. Exp., rf 30, $ 38 millim.

1240. Creatonotus simplex, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 320 ; C. $ S. no. 771.

Head and thorax brownish ochreous; abdomen orange above,
with a dorsal series of black spots. Wings uniform ochreous.
Underside of body smoky black.

Hob. Khandala ; N. Canara. Exp., <3 30, $ 38 millim.

1241. Creatonotus fumipennis, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 54, pi. 140,

fig. 24.

cJ . Head arid thorax brownish ochreous ; abdomen suffused
with fuscous and with dorsal black segmental bands. Wings
smoky black : fore wing with the costa and base of inner margin
ochreous.

Hob. Nilgiris. Exp. 29 millim.

Genus PHISSAMA.

Phissama, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 362 (1858).
Amphissa, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 684 (1855), praeocc.

Type, P. transiens, Wlk.

Range. China ; Philippines ; throughout India and Burma ;
Borneo; Celebes.

Palpi extremely minute. Antennae minutely ciliated in both
sexes. Hind tibiae with a minute terminal pair of spurs. Eore
wing narrow. Venation as in Spilosoma.

1242. Phissama transiens, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 675 ; Moore, Lep. E. I.

Co. pi. 16, tier. 13 (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 762.
Amphissa vacillans, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 685 ; C. % S. no. 763.
Aloa isabellina, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 705.

30

ABCTIID.E.

Fig. 10. — Phissama transiens,

Head and thorax dirty white ; palpi arid femora orange ; abdo-
men orange above, white below,
with dorsal, lateral, and ventral
series of black spots. Fore wing
very pale fuscous ; the costa and
base of inner margin whitish ;
black spots in and just beyond
Bjjl each angle of cell. Hind wing

pale fuscous ; some specimens
with a black submarginal spot
above vein 5 and t\\ o towards
anal angle.

Typical transiens is almost white, the form vacillans darker
fuscous.

Larva black, blotched with red-brown and with tufts of red-
brown hair, the lateral tufts arising from ferruginous tubercles ; a
dorsal broad white line ; head black, marked with white.

Nab. China ; Philippines ; throughout India and Burma ;
Borneo ; Celebes. Exp., <$ 50, $ 60 millim.

Genus NICJEA.
Nikaea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 11 (1879).

Type, N. longvpennit, Wlk.

Range. Japan ; N. India.

Palpi porrect, reaching just beyond the frons ; antennae ciliated
in male. Hind tibiso with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing long
and narrow in male, the outer margin oblique, shorter in female.
Venation as in Spttowma, except that veins 6 arid 7 of tbe hind
wing are stalked.

1243. Nicaea longipennis, Wlk. Cat. in, p. C55; Bull III. Het. v,
pi. 82, fig. 7 ; C.8fS. nos. 342, 803.

Head and thorax black, vertex of head orange ; abdomen orange,
with dorsal and lateral black spots. Eore wing black, with two

Fig. 11. — Niccea longipennis, §.

white specks below the costa near base ; a bifid spot below7 middle
of costa; a single spot below vein 2; a trifid postmedial spot

NIC.EA. — CAMPTOLOMA. 31

below the costa and bifid spot on vein 4 ; a submarginal series of
specks. Hind wing orange, the base and costa black ; a geminate
black spot from median nervure to inner margin and another
near anal angle ; a large spot at end of cell joined to the apical and
marginal black areas ; a subapical white spot.

Hob. Kumaun ; Sikhim ; Silhet. Exp., tf 60-70, $ 64 millim.

Genus LEUCOPARDUS, nov.

Type, L. tiyrinus, Hmpsn.

Range. Khasi Hills.

Palpi porrect, reaching beyond the frons, the second joint
fringed with hair. Antennae simple in male. Tibiae with the
spurs long. Fore wing with the costa arched at base; vein 3
from before angle of cell; 4 and 5 from angle; 6 from below
upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, and 10 stalked. Hind wing with the outer
margin slightly angled at vein 3 ; veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 from
above angle of cell ; 6 and 7 from upper angle ; 8 from just before
middle of cell.

1244. Leucopardus tigrinus, n. sp.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish, slightly suffused with
fuscous, the anal tuft ochreous. Fore wing white, with a fuscous
streak along inner margin ; two very oblique fuscous bands from
the costa beyond the middle to interno-median interspace ; a band

Fig. 12. — Leucopardus tigrinus,

on discocellulars ; postmedial, submarginal, and marginal bands
ending in a yellow patch at anal angle, with some waved black
lines on it in continuation of the fuscous bands. Hind wing white,
with the base fuscous ; a large spot at end of cell ; a submarginal
curved band ; a series of marginal spots.

Hob. Khiisis. Evp. 43 millim. Type in coll. Moore.

Genus CAMPTOLOMA.

Camptoloraa, Feld. Reis. Nov. p. 2 (1875).

Type, C. interioratum, Wlk., from China.
Range. Japan; China; Assam.

32 AECTIID^E.

Palpi slender and porrect. Antennae simple. Tibiae with the
spurs loug. Eore wing with the costa arched at base ; the apex
rounded ; outer margin very oblique ; inner margin short and
rounded ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 on a short
stalk or from cell ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, and 10
stalked. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from angle of cell ;
5 from above angle ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from just before middle
of cell.

1245. Camptoloma binotatnm, Bull A. M. N. H. (5) vii, 1881 , p. 35 ;

C. $ S. no. 566.
Camptoloma flagrans, Swinh. A. M. N. H. (6) xii, p. 214.

£ . Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow, the last with
the extremity crimson ; tegulae striped with black. Tore wing
yellow; a black line from base of costa crossing the cell and
running along vein 2, where it is met by a line from middle of
costa; a black line on discocellulars ; postmedial, submarginal, and

Fig. 13. — Camptoloma binotat

marginal lines all terminating in a scarlet patch at anal angle,
which sends a streak inwards below vein 1 and one on each side
of vein 3 ; two black spots on cilia towards outer angle. Hind
wing bright orange.

Bab. JShillong. Exp. 44 millim.

Genus MOOREA, nov.
Grotea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1805, p. 797 (prseocc.).

Type, M. argus, Wlk.

Rctnye. Sikhim ; Khasi Hills.

Palpi porrect, of moderate length ; the first two joints fringed
with hair. Antennas simple. Hind tibiae with two pairs of
minute spurs. Eore wing with vein 3 from before end of cell ;
4 and 5 from the end ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked ;
11 running close alongside of or touching 10. Hind wing with
vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from angle ; 6 and 7
from upper angle ; 8 from below middle of cell.

1246. Moorea argus, Wlk. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) i, 1862, p. 73 ; C. $ S.

no. 798.

Grotea elegans, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 797, pi. 43, fig. 1 ; C.$ S.
no. 631.

MOOEEA. — CALPEXIA.

33

Head, thorax, and abdomen golden yellow ; third joint of palpi
black ; collar with paired black spots ; tegulae with two pairs of
spots ; thorax with three spots ; abdomen with dorsal, ventral, and
two pairs of lateral spots. Fore wing golden yellow ; some black
spots near the base ; numerous large black spots centred with
bluish white ; apical area black, with some bluish-white spots

Fig. 14. — Moored argus, $ . f .

beyond the cell and towards outer angle ; a small yellow spot
below the costa, and a subapical band of white spots from below
the costa to vein 4. Hind wing golden yellow, with a black sub-
basal spot and anteinedial, medial, submarginal, and marginal
series ; the two latter conjoined into patches towards costa and at
apex.

Hal. Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp., 3 125, $ 130 milliin.

Genus CALPENIA.
Calpenia, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1872, p. 571.

Type, C. saundersi, Moore.

Range. Sikhim ; Khasi Hills ; Burma.

Palpi obliquely porrect, reaching beyond the frons, and fringed
with hair. Antennae simple in female. Tibiae with the spurs short.
Eore wing long and broad ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and
5 from angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked ; 11 almost
touching 10. Hind wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell;
4 and 5 from angle; 6 and 7 stalked; 8 from before middle of
cell.

1247. Calpenia khasiana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 5 ; C. $ S. no. 642.

$ . Head black ; thorax pale brown, the tegulae fringed with
orange ; abdomen orange, with dorsal, ventral, and two pairs of

TOL. II. D

34

lateral blackish spots. Fore wing pale reddish brown, with three
yellow spots below the costa; a pale fascia in interno-median
interspace joined by a postmedial maculate band with two series
of small orange spots bayond it. Other specimens have the spots
below the costa obsolete, and the postmedial maculate band reduced
to two or three spots. Hind wing orange, with some basal dark
streaks ; medial, postmedial, submarginal, and marginal series of
spots.

Hob. Khasis ; Bernardmyo, Burma. Exp. 92 millim.

1248. Calpenia saundersi, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 571, pi. 33, fig. 1 ;
C. 8f S. no. 543.

2 . Head, thorax, and abdomen orange ; frons and third joint
of palpi black ; vertex of thorax and collar marked with black ;
tegula3 each with a white patch edged with 'black; abdomen with

Fig. 15. — Calpenia saundersi,

dorsal, ventral, and two pairs of lateral black spots, becoming
streaks on the anal segment. Fore wing olive-fuscous, with an
orange patch at base ; subbasal and antemedial series of small pale
yellow spots ; a medial series of large spots, and postmedial and
submarginal series of small spots. Hind wing with the basal area
pale yellow, the outer area olive-fuscous, with postmedial and sub-
marginal pale yellow series of spots ; the edge of the yellow area
dentate.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 100 millim.

Genug CALLIMORPHA.

/ ^ Callimorpha, Latr. Gen. Crust. Ins. iv, p. 220 (1809).
A* ' Hypercompa, Steph. III. Brit. Ent., Haust. ii. p. (57 (1829).
Carcinopyga, Feld. Reis. Nov. p. 2, pi. 101, fig. 3 (1875).

Type, C. dominula, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Europe; China; Himalayas; Assam; Burma.

CALLIMOEPHA.

35

Palpi porrect and long. Antennae of male minutely ciliated.
Hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs. Fore wing rather long and
narrow ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from angle ;
6 from upper angle ; 9 arising from 10 and anastomosing with 8
to form the areole. Hind wing with vein 3 from before angle of
cell ; 4 from angle ; 5 from above angle ; 6 and 7 stalked or from
cell ; 8 from before middle of cell.

1249. Callimorpha principals, Kail HiyeFs Kaschmir, iv, p. 465,
pi. 20, fig. 2 ; Butl. 111. Het. vii, pi. 138, fig. 3 (larva) ; C. $ S.
no. 806.

Hypercompa flavicolor, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 397 ;<?.#£
no. 800.

Head crimson ; palpi with a black spot on each joint ; a black
spot on frons and two at back of head ; collar black, edged with
crimson ; thorax orange, the tegulae and vertex striped with
metallic green ; abdomen crimson above, pale yellow below, with

Fig. 16. — Callimorpha principals, <$ . \.

dorsal and lateral series of spots ; legs black, marked with crimson
and pale yellow. Fore wing metallic green, with numerous
yellow spots. Hind wing orange ; the veins streaked with black ;
a submarginal series of large black blotches ; centre of outer
margin black.

A variety from Sikhim has the streaks on the nervures of hind
wing very broad and occupying most of the wing.

Larva black, with three setiferous tubercles to each somite ; a
narrow orange and yellow dorsal stripe whitish between the somites ;
a white subdorsal stripe ; a lateral band composed of white trans-
verse striae ; legs yellow.

Hub. Kashmir ; N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Burma. Exp. 86
millim.

1250. Callimorpha similis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 397 ; C. $ S.

no. 808.

Differs from principalis in being paler. Fore wing with the

D 2

36 AECTIIDJE.

spots very pale yellow, or all white except the basal and costal
spots. Hind wing with the ground-colour white ; the black mark-
ings much reduced, and the veins often but slightly tinged with
black.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp., $ 54, £ 66 millim.

1251. Callimorpha plagiata, Wlk. Cat.iu, p. 655; Butl. Ill Hct.\,

pi. 85, fig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 805.

Differs from principalis in the ground-colour of the head, thorax,
and abdomen being orange ; tegulae not fringed with orange ; palpi
and frons black ; abdomen with black bands. Fore wing with the
spots in interno-median interspace large ; one large spot beyond the
cell, and a series of large elongate subinarginal spots. Hind wing
without the black streaks on veins ; medial and submarginal series
of spots ; some specimens with a spot at origin of vein 2.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Eastern Himalayas ; Yunnan ; Assam ;
Nagas. Exp., tf 71, £ 92 millim.

1252. Callimorpha equitalis, Roll. HugePs Kaschmir, iv, p. 465,

pi. 20, fig. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 799.

Differs from principalis in the head and abdomen being paler
crimson, the latter with dorsal black bands ; thorax with the
ground-colour very pale yellow. Fore wing fuscous, with hardly
a tinge of green ; the spots large and white, the basal and costal
spots slightly yellow ; the postmedial spots large, obliquely placed
and joined to the submarginal spot between veins 3 and 4.
Hind wing pure white ; the veins fuscous ; a submarginal series of
spots which are obsolescent except towards anal angle ; cilia
fuscous except at middle.

Hob. Himalayas from Simla to Sikhim ; Khasis ; Burma. Exp.,
d 70, $ 80 millim.

1253. Callimorpha nyctemerata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 38 j C. % S.

no. 804.

Differs from equitalis in the head, thorax, and abdomen being
orange. Fore wing with an extra spot below the centre of median
nervure ; the second and fourth spots in interno-median interspace
small ; the postmedial oblique series large ; the apical spots form-
ing more complete series. Hind wing with the veins but slightly
tinged with black ; the submarginal series of spots more or less
complete; some specimens with an incomplete medial series.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp., J 62, $ 70 millim.

*1254. Callimorpha ? lichenigera, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 101. fio-. 3 :
C. $ S. no. 767.

$ . Head and thorax grey. Antennae ochreous ; abdomen

CALLIMOKPHA. — AXTOPCENA. 37

orange above, black at sides, the black encroaching on the upper-
side of the anal segment. Fore wing grey, irrorated with black,
the base yellow ; five transverse yellow bands with waved edges,
the postmedial band excurved round end of cell. Hind wing
crimson ; a black spot at end of cell ; two elongate submarginal
patches and a small spot above vein 1.

Felder's MS. genus Carcinopyga will probably be found to stand
when this insect is rediscovered.

Nab. Ladak. Exp. 70 millim.

Genus AXIOPCENA.
Axiopcena, Menet. Bull Acad. Petersb. ix, p. 42 (1841).

Type, A. maura, Eichw.

Range. Central Asia ; Baluchistan.

Palpi long, rather slender, and porrectly upturned. Antennae
simple in both sexes. Hind tibiae with two pairs of minute spurs.
Fore wing large and ample ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 5
from just above angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ;
10 from the cell. Hind wing with vein 3 .from before angle
of cell ; 5 from above the angle ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from before
middle of cell.

1255. Axiopcena maura, Eichw. Zool. Spec, ii, p. 196.

Axiopoena fluviatilis, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1885, p. 351, pi. 9,
fig. 7 ; C. 8f S. no. 2273.

Head and thorax smoky black ; collar fringed with crimson.
Abdomen black ; the segments fringed with crimson. Fore wing
smoky black. Hind wing with the basal half crimson ; the outer

Fig. 17. — Axiopoena maura, $ .

half smoky black; some specimens with a crimson spot beyond the
cell.

The amount of crimson suffusion on underside of hind wing
varies greatly, being least in the f orm fluviatilis.

Jfab. Central Asia and Quetta. Exp., J 100, $ 112 millim.

38

Genus PELOCHYTA.

Pelochyta, Hilbn. Verz. p. 171 (1818).
Amerila, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 725 (1855).

Type, P. vidua, Cram., from Africa.

Range. Africa ; Formosa ; throughout India, Burma, and
Ceylon ; Aru ; Australia ; New Britain.

Palpi porrectly upturned and slender. Antennae nearly simple.
Pore wing with the costa arched ; the outer margin long and obliquely
curved ; veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell ; 6 from below upper angle ;
7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10 from cell. Hind wing with the anal angle
slightly produced ; outer margin nearly straight ; apex slightly
acute ; veins 3, 4, 5 from close to angle of cell ; 6 and 7 from upper
angle ; 8 from near end of cell.

1256. Pelochyta astrea, Dmry, Ins. ii, pi. 28, fig. 4; C. $ S.

no. 764.

Phalsena melanthu?, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, pi. 286, fig. B.
Amerila rhodopa, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 305 ; C. 8f S. no. 766.
Rhodogastra fraterna, Moore, Tram. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 356 ; C. $ S.
no. 765.

Palpi crimson, with a black spot on each joint. Antennae red-
brown, with the basal joint crimson. Head and thorax whiten
f-uscous ; the head with two black spots ; collar with two pairs of

Fig. 18.— Pelochyta astrea, <J . \.

spots ; pro-, meso-, and metathorax each with a pair of spots. Fore
wing hyaline, with two black spots at the base ; the margins,
apical area, and a band on discocellulars pale fuscous. Hind
wing hyaline, with a marginal fuscous band. Legs crimson, with
the outer side of the femora and tlbia3 whitish fuscous.

Larva green, slightly hairy ; with subdorsal and lateral rows of
small black spots ; spiracles brown ; head yellow.

Hah. Formosa; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma.
•<$ 50-54, $ 64-72 millim.

LITHOSIIN^E. 39

Subfamily LITHOSIIN^.

Moths of diurnal or crepuscular habits ; in the typical section
the fore wing is very long and narrow, and both wings have lost
some of their veins. Proboscis present. Mid tibiae with one pair
of spurs ; hind tibiae generally with two pairs.

Larva sparsely covered with hair and forming a slight coccoon ;
most of the typical section being lichen-feeders.

Key to the Genera.

a. Fore wing long and ample, the outer margin

oblique.
a'. Fore wing with an areole.

a2. Fore wing with the areole long.

a3. Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reach-
ing vertex of head.
a4. Palpi with the 3rd joint long and

spatulate 1. ELIGMA, p. 43.

b*. Palpi with the 3rd joint much

shorter and acute.
a5. Fore wing with the apex and

outer margin rounded 2. MIGOPLASTIS, p. 44.

b5. Fore wing with the apex pro-
duced, the outer margin straight. 3. DlLEMERA, p. 45.
bs. Palpi with the 2nd joint not reach-
ing vertex of head.
a4. Hind wing with vein 3 from some

way before the end of cell 7. CUROBA, p. 52.

&4. Hind wing with vein 3 from the

end of cell 6. ARGINA, p. 50.

bz Fore wing with the areole short.

a3. Hind wing with vein 8 given off from

7 near end of cell 5. SECUSIO, p. 50.

b3. Hind wing with vein 8 given off from

7 before middle of cell 4. NYCTEMEBA, p. 46.

b' . Fore wing with no areole.

«2. Fore wing with vein 10 stalked with 7,

8, 9 9. TATARGINA, p. 54.

62. Fore wing with vein 10 from the cell. . 8. CAST ABA LA, p. 53.

b. Fore wing long and narrow ; the outer mar-

gin short.
a'. Both wings with vein 5 present.

a2. Hind wing with vein 5 from above angle

of cell.
a3. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from

a point 10. DEIOPIA, p. 54.

£3. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4
stalked.

a4. Fore wing with an areole 12. KERALA, p. 62.

b*. Fore wing with no areole.

a5. Fore wing with vein 10 from the

cell 11. CYANA, p. 56.

b'\ Fore wing with vein 10 stalked

with 7, 8, 9 14. ADREPSA, p. 64.

40 ARCTIID^E.

£2. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked

or from a point.
a3. Palpi upturned.

a4. Palpi with the 3rd joint reaching
above vertex of head ; fore wing
with vein 10 from beyond the

areole 15. AGRISIUS, p. 64.

b*. Palpi with the 3rd joint not reach-
ing above vertex of head; fore
wing with vein 10 from the
areole.
a5. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 [p. 65.

from the cell 16. MACROBROCHIS,

b5. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5

stalked.

a6. Thorax and abdomen some-
what stout and hairy 17. SIDYMA, p. 67.

68. Thorax and abdomen slight

and smooth 19. GNOPHRIA, p. 69.

b3. Palpi porrect.

a*. Fore wing of moderate breadth.

a5. Fore wing with no areole .... 18. M AHAVTRA, p. 68.

b5. Fore wing with an areole 20. PARAONA, p. 71.

b*. Fore wing long and narrow ; no

areole 21. PHILAGRIA, p. 71.

b'. Fore wing with vein 5 present ; hind wing

with vein 5 absent.
a2. Fore wing with no areole.

a3. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4

stalked 13. DOHEBTYA, p. 63.

b3. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from

cell.

a4. Fore wing with the apex rounded. 22. CHRYS^GLIA, p. 72.
i4. Fore wing with the apex truncate,

then produced to a point 38. OXACME, p. 94.

62. Fore wing with an areole.

a3. Palpi porrect ; hind wing with veins

3 and 4 stalked 23. (EoNisxis, p. 73.

b3. Palpi upturned ; hind wing with [p. 75.

veins 3 and 4 from cell 26. PTYOPTEROTA,

c'. Both wings with vein 5 absent.
a2. Palpi porrect.

a3. Hind wing with vein 4 present.
a4. Fore wing with the costa slightly

arched, the outer margin oblique. [p. 73.

a5. Hind wing with the cell open. . 24. CHRYSORABDIA,
b5. Hind wing with the cell closed.
a6. Fore wing with the cell very

long and narrow.
a7. Hind wing with veins 6 and
7 stalked or from end of cell.
a8. Fore wing with veins 6

and 7 curved downwards [p. 74.

after their origin 25. THYSANOPTYX,

b8. Fore wings with veins 6

and 7 straight 27. PRABHASA, p. 76.

LTTHOSIIN^E. 41

b7. Hind wing with vein 7

given off before end of cell. 28. LOPHONEURA, p. 78.
b6. Fore wing with the cell shorter

and broader.
a7. Fore wing with vein 10 not

stalked with 7, 8, 9 29. LITHOSIA, p. 79.

b7. Fore wing with vein 10

stalked with 7, 8, 9 30. MITHUNA, p. 86.

b*. Fore wing triangular, with the costa

very much arched 32. NISHADA, p. 88.

c4. Fore wing with the apex acute,
the outer margin straight and
erect, the outer 'angle produced. . 31. TEULISNA, p. 86.
ft3. Hind wing with vein 4 absent in both

sexes 33. GAMPOLA, p. 89.

I'2. Palpi upturned 34. SIMAREEA, p. 90.

c. Fore wing short, the outer margin obliquely

curved.
a. Hind wing with vein 3 absent.

«2. Fore wing very short, broad and
rounded ; veins 6 and 7 stalked, 8, 9,
10, 11 running nearly straight up to
the costa, 11 and 12 anastomosing . . 35. HEMONIA, p. 91.
J2. Fore wing of normal shape.

a3. Both wings with vein 6 absent .... 37. COSTARCHA, p. 93.
b3. Vein 6 absent in fore wing, present

in hind wing 40. NARASODES, p. 95.

c3. Both wings with vein 6 present.
a4. Fore wing with veins 5 and 10

present.

a5. Fore wing with veins 7; 8, 9
stalked.

«8. Palpi porrect 36. ^EMENE, p. 91.

be. Palpi upturned 39. UTRICULOFERA,

b*. Fore wing with veins 7, 8 stalked, [p. 94.

9 from cell 41. DIDUGA, p. 96.

6*. Fore wing with veins 5 and 10 [p. 97.

absent, 7, 8, 9 stalked 42. PSEUDOBLABES,

I'. Flind wing with vein 3 present.

a'2. Wings clothed with well-formed scales. [p. 100.

n3. Hind wing with vein 5 absent 46. ANACHROSTIS,

bs. Hind wing with vein 5 present.
a4. Palpi with the 3rd joint very long,

slender, and spatulate at tip .... 65. CACYPARIS, p. 126.
b*. Palpi with the 3rd joint short or

moderate.
a5. Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5

stalked and much bent 66. CHANDICA, p. 127.

b5. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5
from near angle of cell or
stalked.
a6. Fore wing with veins 6, 9, and

10 from cell ; 7 and 8 stalked. 43. GARUDINIA, p. 97.
be. Fore wing with veins 6, 7, 8
stalked ; hind wing with
veins 4 and 5 on a long stalk. 44. PADENIA, p. 98.

42

6-6. Fore wing- with veins 6, 7 and

8, 9 stalked.

a7. Fore wing of normal shape. 45. EUGOA, p. 99.
b1. Fore wing short, broad, and

rounded 47. TRISCHALIS, p. 101.

d6. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, and

9, 10 stalked.

a7. Palpi porrect 49. NOTATA, p. 102.

b7. Palpi upturned 50. HOLOCRASPEDON,

e6. Fore wing with veins 8, 9 [p. 102.

stalked ; 7 from cell 48. TROPACME, p. 101.

J6. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9

stalked.
a7. Palpi upturned, reaching

vertex of head.
a9. Fore wing with veins 4
and 5 from cell ; hind
wing with veins 3, 4 and

6, 7 from cell 52. IDOPTERUM, p. 103.

bs. Fore wing with veins 4
and 5 stalked ; hind wing
with veins 3, 4 and 6, 7

stalked 53. SCAPTESYLE, p. 104.

b7. Palpi short and porrect.
a*. Hind tibiae with one pair

of spurs 54. GURNA, p. 105.

b8. Hind tibiae with two pairs

of spurs.
a9. Antennae with the shaft

clothed with hair. ... 55. NEPITA, p. 105.
£9. Antennae with the shaft [p. 107.

smoothly scaled .... 56. MILTOCHRISTA,
g*. Fore wing with veins 8, 9, 10

stalked 51. TRICHOGYIA, p. 103.

62. Wings sparsely clothed with hair-like

scales and semidiaphauous.
a3. Antennae with the basal joint not

dilated.
a4. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4

stalked.
a5. Fore wing with vein 11 given off

from 10, then anastomosing [p. 121.

with 12 58. M ACHJEROPHORA,

b5. Fore wing with vein 11 free

from 10 60. THUMATHA, p. 122.

b4. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from
cell.

a5. Wings narrow 57. TRiCHOLEPis,p.l20.

b3. Wings broad 59. XANTHOCRASPEDA,

b3. Antennae with the basal joint di- [p. 121.

lated and hairy.
«4. Antennae with the basal joint of

moderate length.

a5. Fore wing without veinlets be-
tween vein 12 and the costa.
a6. Fore wing with veins 9 and

11 present 61. NUDARIA, p. 122.

ELIGMA. 43

I6. Fore wing with veins 9 and
11 absent, the cell almost

reaching- the apex . 62. PAL^EOPSIS, p. 124.

b5. Fore wing with veinlets between

vein 12 and the costa ; veins [p. 124

7, 8 and 9, 10 stalked 63. SCHISTOPHLEPS,

b4. Antennae with the basal joint ex-
ceedingly long 64. CHAMAITA, p. 125.

Genus ELIGMA.

Eligma, Hiibn. Verz. p. 164 (1818).
Panglima, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 297 (1858).
Surina, Wlk. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, i, p. 333

' Type, E. narcissus, Grain.

Range. Africa ; China ; throughout India and Ceylon ; Penang ;
Java.

Palpi upturned, the second joint reaching above vertex of head,
the third very long and slender, and somewhat spatulate at tip.
Antennae with the cilia minute. Tibiae thickly scaled. Fore wing
narrow, the costa much arched at base ; the outer margin nearly
erect to vein 3, then oblique to outer angle ; veins 3, 4, 5 from
close to lower angle of cell ; 6 from just below upper angle ; 7 and
10 from a long areole formed by the anastomosis of 8 and 9. Hind
wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from close to lower angle of cell; 6 and 7
fro in upper angle.

1257. Eligma narcissus, Cram. Pap. Exot. i, pi. 73, figs. E, F ; C. $ S-
no. 559.

Head and thorax grey-brown, spotted with black ; abdomen
bright yellow, with dorsal and lateral series of black spots. Fore
legs grey-brown, spotted with black. Mid and hind legs yellow,

Fig. 19. — Eligma narcissus, $ . }.

with black spots on the tibiae, the tarsi grey-brown. Fore wing
grey-brown ; the costal area with an olive tinge ; an irregular and
diffused curved white fascia from base to apex ; some basal and

44 ABCTIIDjE.

subbasal black spots ; a waved black line from lower angle of cell
to inner margin ; a submarginal series of black spots, those towards
outer angle conjoined into streaks. Hind wing bright yellow ; the
apical area black, suffused or streaked with dark blue, and termi-
nating at vein 1 b ; cilia white at tips.

ffab. China ; Ganjam ; S. India ; Ceylon ; Penang ; Java. Exp.,
d 68, $ SOmillim.

Genus MIGOPLASTIS.

Migoplastis, Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1868, p. 285.
Dondera, Moore, A. M. N. H. (4) xx, 1877, p. 344.
Pachyphilona, Bull. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1875, p. 325.

Type, M. correcta, Wlk.

Jiange. JSilgiris; Ceylon.

Palpi porrect, extending considerably beyond the frons. An-
tennae bipectinate in both sexes. Mid and hind tibiae with the
spurs minute. Eore wing with the apex and outer margin rounded ;
vein 3 from before angle of cell, 5 from above it ; 6 from upper
angle ; 7 and 10 from a long areole formed by the anastomosis of
8 and 9. Hind wing with vein 2 from before angle of cell ; 5 from
the angle.

SECT. I. (Migoplastis). Hind wing of male not excised at anal
angle ; veins 6 and 7 from cell ; the branches of antennae long.

1258. Migoplastis correcta, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 217 ; C. fy S. no. 546.
Migoplastis ceylanica, Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1868,

p. 285 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 100, fig. 5.

Head and thorax ochreous brown ; a black speck on vertex of
head, two on collar, two on each patagium, and one each on pro-,
meso-, and metathorax ; abdomen yellow, with a dorsal and two
lateral paired series of black spots. Fore wing ochreous brown,
with a wide indistinct postrnedial paler band, only deh'ned on the
disk. Hind wing yellow.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 52 millim.

SECT. II. Hind wing of male excised, folded, and lobed at
anal angle ; the branches of antennae shorter.

A. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked.

1259. Migoplastis hampsoni, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 402, pi. 43,

fig. 2.

Differs from correcta in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
rather browner ; the band of the last better defined. Hind wing
brownish fuscous, the outer area yellow in male j female with the

MIGOPLASTIS. — DILEMEKA. 45

whole hind wing yellow. Abdomen fuscous in male and without

spots.

Fig. 20. — Migoplastis hampsoni, <$. \.
Hob. Nilgiri plateau. Exp. 58 millim.

B. (Dondera). Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from cell.

1260. Migoplastis alba, Moore, A.M.N. H. (4) xx, p. 344 ; Lep. Ceyl.

ii, pi. 98, fig. 3; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, pi. 157, fig. 25; C.&S.
no. 479.

Head and thorax yellowish white ; vertex of head with a black
dot ; the spots on thorax as in the preceding species, except that
the prothorax has a pair. Abdomen yellow, with a series of dorsal
black bands and two paired series of lateral spots. Fore wing
pure white. Hind wing with a slight fuscous tinge. Underside
fuscous.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp., <$ 50, $ 52 millim.

Genus DILEMERA.
Deileniera, Hubn. Verz. p. 178 (1818).

Type, D. evergista, Stoll, from Amboina.

Range. N.E. India ; Borneo ; Amboina ; Ternate.

Palpi upturned, the second joint reaching vertex of head, the
third porrect. Antennae pectinate in both sexes, the branches
short in female. Tibiae with the spurs short. Pore wing with
the apex rather produced ; the outer margin straight ; vein 3 from
before angle of cell, 5 from above it ; 6 from upper angle or from
above it ; 7 and 10 from along areole formed by the anastomosis of
8 and 9. Hind wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell, 5 from
above it ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from after middle of cell.

SECT. I. Hind wing of male with no fold on inner margin ;
the anal angle rounded.

1261. Dilemera arctata, WTk. Cat. vii, p. 1664; C. $ S. no. 460.
Nyctemera maculosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 198 ; C. fy 8. no. 464.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow ; head with black spots on

46 ARCTIIDjE.

frons and vertex ; collar, tegulae, and thorax spotted with black ;
abdomen with short segmental bands above, and two pairs of lateral
spots. Fore wing white, with some black spots near the base ;

Fig. 21. — Dilemera arctata, <$. \

broad fuscous streaks along costa and inner margin from the base
to the medial maculate band ; a broad marginal fuscous band
of more or less conjoined streaks, in some specimens having white
spots on the margin. Hind wing white, with a marginal series of
rounded fuscous spots, those towards anal angle elongate.
Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis ; Nagas. Exp. 60 millim.

SECT. II. Hind wing of male with a very large fold on
inner margin and the anal angle produced.

1262. Dilemera carissima, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891. p. 477.
' pi. 19, fig. 1.

c? . Differs from arctata in having paired dorsal black spots on
abdomen instead of bands. Fore wing with a quadrate white sub-
marginal spot below the apex ; the fuscous markings of fore wing
and submargiual series of hind wing very variable.
Hab. Sikhhn ; Khasis ; Nagas. Exp. 56 millim.

Genus NYCTEMERA.

Nyctemera, Hiibn. Verz. p. 178 (1818).

Leptosoma, Boisd. Voy. de t Astrolabe, Up. p. 197 (1832).

Trypheromera, Butt. III. Het. v, p. 45 (1881).

Zonosoma, Butt. III. Het. v, p. 44.

Pitasila, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 599.

Type, N. lacticinia, Cram.

Range. Africa ; Madagascar ; China ; Philippines ; Formosa ;
Indian, Malayan, and Australian regions ; New Zealand.

Palpi porrectly upturned. Antenna) bipectinate in both sexes,
the branches shorter in females. Fore wing with vein 3 from
before the angle of cell, 5 from above it ; 6 from upper angle,
7 and 10 from the short areole which is formed by the anasto-
mosis of 8 and 9. Hind wing with vein 3 from before end of
cell, 5 from angle or from above it ; 6 and 7 stalked or from upper
angle ; 8 from before middle of cell.

NYCTEMERA. 47

SECT. I. Male without a tuft of hair on the tibia
of fore leg.

1263. Nyctemera lacticinia, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 128, fig. E;

Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p . 99, tigs. 1, 1 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 463.

Head, collar, and thorax yellowish white, spotted with black ;
abdomen white, the extremity yellow ; three black spots on the
first segment and slight black bands on the next six above ; two
paired series of lateral black spots. Fore wing hair-brown ; a
broad white streak on base of inner margin ; an oblique post-
medial band of five white spots. Hind wing white ; a broad
marginal brown band with irregularly curved inner edge.

Larva dull red ; a dorsal and two lateral series of radiating
tufts of fine black hairs arising from black tubercles ; two long
forwardly projecting tufts on 1st somite.

Pupa red-brown, in a rolled -up leaf.

Hob. China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java ;
Ceram. Exp., <$ 42, $ 46-48 millim.

1264. Nyctemera latistriga, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 397; Moore, Lep. Ceyl

ii, pi. 99, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 472.

Nyctemera inconstans, Voll. Tijds. Dierk. i, p. 47 (1863).
Nyctemera arcuatum, Voll. Tijds. Dierk. i, p. 45.
Nyctemera regularis, Snelleman, Mid.-Sum., Lep. p. 34 (1880).

Differs from lacticinia in having the broad white streak on base
of inner margin of fore wing replaced by narrow streaks on costa,
vein 1, and inner margin, and by a very broad streak below the
median nervure ; the postmedial band of spots with the upper two
conjoined, the fourth very large, and fifth absent.

Hah. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Andamans ;
Sumatra ; Borneo ; Java. Exp., <J 44, $ 46 millim.

1265. Nyctemera tripunctaria, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 392 ; C. $ S.

no. 466.
Nyctemera atralba, Hiibn. Verz. p. 178.

Differs from latistriga in the abdomen having black spots on the
vertex instead of bands ; fore wing with the streaks below the
median nervure, on vein 1, and on inner margin being much
longer ; the postmedial spots conjoined into a regular band ; hind
wing with the inner edge of the marginal band evenly curved and
waved.

Hab. Assam ; Malacca ; Singapore. Eocp. 50-54 millim.

1266. Nyctemera plagifera, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 400 ; Butl HI. Het. v,

pi. 88, fig. 3; C. $ S. no. 471.

Head, thorax, and abdomen marked as in tripunctaria, except
that the teguloe have three black spots instead of a spot and streak.

48 ARCTIID^E.

Fore wing with the costa dark at base ; the subcostal, median, and
submedian nervures outlined in black as far as the very irregular
medial band ; an irregular band on discocellulars sending streaks
along the veins to the marginal band, which extends from the

Fig. 22. — Nyctemera plagifera, $ . |.

costa to vein 3, and has a dentate inner edge and three or four
white marginal spots ; a black spot near outer angle. Hind wing
white, with an irregular black blotch at lower angle of cell and five
black submarginal spots.

Hob. China and throughout India. Eocp. 58 millim.

1267. Nyctemera cenis, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 147, fig. E ; C. $ S.

no. 461.

Nyctemera interlecta, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 400; Butl. III. Set. v,
pi. 88,%. 2; C. $ S. no. 473.

Head black, the frons yellow, with a black spot at centre ;
thorax orange, spotted with black ; abdomen orange, banded with
black above, two lateral paired series of black spots. Fore wing
white ; two black subbasal spots and a streak below vein 1 and
two below the median nervure ; a medial series of six irregularly
placed spots, the spot between veins 2 and 3 small ; a series of
longitudinal streaks on the margin often more or less conjoined
into a band. Hind wing white ; a spot at centre of costa, and a
marginal conjoined series interrupted at vein 5 and below vein 2.

Hob. Himalayas from Simla to Sibscagar ; Khasis ; Nagas ;
Yunnan. Exp. 48 millim.

1268. Nyctemera varians, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 400 ; C. 8> S. no. 409.
Pitasila moolaica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 847, pi. 53, tig. 10;

C. $ S. no. 468.

Head yellow ; thorax and abdomen yellowish white, spotted
with black ; tegulse with two black spots ; abdomen with dorsal
and ventral series of black spots and two paired lateral series.
Fore wing white ; two black spots near the base ; the black
markings extremely irregular and variable, forming very ill-defined
subbasal, antemedial, postmedial, submarginal, and marginal bands,

NTCTEMEEA. 49

all of which are interrupted, the last two coalescing in places.
Hind wing white ; two spots on the costa, one at origin of vein 2,
and four or five on outer margin ; the upper spot irregular : the
two near anal angle smaller and often coalescing ; other small spots
may also be present.

Hob. Sikhim ; KE. India and Burma. Exp. 56-62 millim.

1269. Nyctemera selecta, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 399.
Nyctemera bipunctella, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1880.
Nyctemera abraxoides, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 93.
Pitasila disrupta, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) xix, 1887, p. 223.
Nyctemera leucospilota, Moore, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 599, pi. 59, fig. 7 ;

C. $ S. no. 467.

Differs from varians in the abdomen being yellow only at the
extremity. "Wings with the markings deeper black. Fore wing
with the whole apical and outer areas black, with three or four
white spots, and connected with the antemedial band by a streak
along the median nervure. Hind wing with a broad black
marginal band with waved inner edge, and with apical, subapical,
and medial white spots.

The spots on vertex of abdomen are sometimes absent, occa-
sionally those towards the extremity become short bands.

Hob. Andamans ; Philippines ; Borneo ; Solomons. Exp., tf
50, $ 54 millim.

1270. Nyctemera variolosa, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 129, fig. 15 ; C.fy S.

no. 470.

Differs from selecta in the head, thorax, and abdomen being
without the yellow tinge ; abdomen with broad black bands above.
Fore wing with the two antemedial bands more regular and
complete ; a postmedial band from vein 2 to inner margin ; the
marginal black area narrower, with more white spots on it. Hind
wing with the marginal black band broken up into extremely
irregular spots.

Hob. Andamans. Exp. 48 millim.

SECT. II. Male with a large tuft of hair arising from
the base of tibia of fore leg.

1271. Nyctemera coleta, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv, pi. 368, fig. H ; C. $ S.

no. 462.

Nyctemera nigrovenosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 394; id. Lep.
"Ceyl. ii, pi. 98, figs. 4, 4 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 465.

Differs from tripunctaria in the lower three spots of the post-
medial band of fore wing being separated and having another
spot below them towards outer angle ; cilia white below the apex
and at outer angle. Hind wing with the cilia white below the
apex, and in most specimens at anal angle.

YOL. II. E

50 ABCTIID2E.

The form nigrovenosa from Ceylon has veins 3 and 4 of the hind
wing black, and the spots of the postmedial band of fore wing
smaller.

Larva hairy ; purple, the anterior somites yellowish ; each
somite black, marked with short dorsal and lateral white streaks.

Pupa yellow, spotted with black.

Hab. Assam ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Malacca ; Java ; Ceram. Exp.
50-58 millim.

Genus SECUSIO.
Secusio, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 558 (1854).

Type, S. stric/ata, Wlk.

Range. E. Africa ; Natal ; Aden ; S. India.

Palpi long and porrectly upturned. AntennaB bipectinate in
male, ciliated in female. Pore wing with vein 3 from before
angle of cell, 5 from above it ; 6 from upper angle ; 7 from after
the areole, which is very short and gives off 10. Hind wing with
vein 2 from before angle of cell, 5 from above it ; 6 and 7 stalked ;
8 from after middle of cell.

1272. Secusio strigata, Wlk. Cat. ii,p. 559.

Secusio parvipuncta, Hmpsn, III. Het. viii, p. 46, pi. 139, fig. 6.
Nyctemera hymenaea, Gerst.Arch.f. Nat. xxxvii, p. 360; and Van
d. Decken, Reisen, iii, (2) p. 377, pi. xvi, fig. 1.

S . Head and collar orange, the former with a fuscous mark on
vertex, the latter with two fuscous spots ; thorax fuscous, streaked
with white near the base ; a medial series of four white spots,

Fig. 23.— Secusio strigata,

•which are larger in the Natal form strigata than in parvipuncta
from E. Africa, Aden, and S. India. Abdomen and hind wing
orange.

5 with an extra white spot in the series on fore wing between
veins 3 and 4.

Hab. Natal; E.Africa; Aden; S.India. Exp., rf 40, $ 32-
40 millim.

Genus ARGINA.
Argina, Hiibn. Verz. p. 167 (1818).

Type, A. cribraria, Clerck.

Ravge. Africa; Mauritius; China; throughout India, Ceylon,
and Burma ; Andamans ; New Guinea ; Australia.

AEGINA. 51

Palpi upturned, reaching the vertex of head, the 3rd joint short.
Antennae ciliated in both sexes. Mid and hind tibiae with minute
terminal pairs of spurs. Hind wing of male with a fold on inner
margin containing a glandular patch near the base, with a tuft of
long hair beyond it ; the anal angle produced to a point. Eore wing
with veins 3, 4, 5 from close to angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle ;
7 and 10 from a long areole formed by the anastomosis of 8 and 9.
Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from the angle of cell ; 6 and 7
from upper angle ; 8 from middle of cell.

1273. Argina argils, Roll. HiigeTs Kaschmir, iv, p. 467, pi. 21, fig. 3 ;

Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 1.05, figs. Ia,b,c (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 741.

Head, thorax, and fore wing scarlet or brownish red ; two black
yellow-ringed spots on collar, two on tegulae, and three on thorax ;
the collar outlined with brilliant scarlet ; abdomen scarlet, with
dorsal, ventral, and two paired lateral series of black spots.
Fore wing with six transverse series of yellow-ringed black spots,
each series curved, irregularly disposed and variable as to size
and number, the postmedial series bifurcating towards the costa.
Hind wing scarlet, with one black spot at end of cell, another at
origin of vein 2, another at its middle, and a submarginal series ; a
few small spots on margin, all these being somewhat variable.

Larva purple-black, with a few dorsal hairs ; head and a lateral
line from 4th to 10th somites reddish ; a dorsal series of transverse
white streaks.

Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp., $ 55,
$ 64 millim.

1274. Argina syringa, Cram. Pap. Exot. i, pi. v, fig. C ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. ii, pi. 105, figs. 2, 2 a, b, c (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 749.
Bombyx crotalarise, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, p. 473.

Differs from argus in the head, thorax, and fore wing being pale
pinkish brown ; the spots larger and more prominent, those on the
fore wing being placed on clouded fuscous bands. Abdomen and
hind wing crimson.

Larva purplish grey with sparse hairs ; series of black dorsal
transverse bands and lateral spots ; head red.

Pupa in a thin network cocoon.

ffab. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Australia. E.rp., $ 60,
$ 64 millim.

IL275. Argina cribraria, Clerck, Icon. Ins. ii, pi. 54, fig. 4 ; C. $ S.
no. 743.
Phalama asteea, Drury, III. Exot. Ins. ii, p. 11, pi. 6, fig. 3 j C. $ S.
no. 742.

no. 746.

E2

52

Differs from aryus and cribraria in the head, thorax, and fore
wing being orange-yellow or whitish ; abdomen and hind wing bright
orange, the markings similar.

Fig. 24. — Argina cribraria, <$ . \.

The form dulcis has the ground-colour of the head, thorax, and
fore wing almost pure white ; in pardalina it is pale yellow, the
spots of the fore wing being placed on white bands ; in guttata =
notata = astrcea the spots are larger and the ground-colour bright
yellow ; in pylotis the ground-colour is more orange, the spots
clouded with yellow.

Hab. Mauritius ; China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
New Guinea. Exp., 3 35-40, $ 35-50 millim.

Genus CUROBA.
Curoba, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 272 (1864).

Type, C. sangarida, Cram.

Range. S. India and Ceylon.

Palpi porrect, the third joint of moderate length. Antenna?
bipectinate in male, the branches short, serrate in female. Fore
wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell, 5 from just above
angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7 and 10 from a long areole formed
by the anastomosis of 8 and 9. Hind wing with vein 3 from
some way before angle of cell ; 5 from above the angle ; 6 and 7
from upper angle ; 8 from middle of cell. Hind tibiae with two
pairs of spurs.

Fig. 25. — Curoba

1276. Curoba sangarida, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv, pi. 381, fig. D ; C. $ S.

nos. 478, 781.

Phalaena mopsa, Drury, III Exot. Ins. iii, pi. iii, fig. 3 ; C. fy S. no. 779.
Curoba fasciata, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 272.

CUROBA. — CASTABALA. 53

Head and thorax brown ; collar outlined with crimson ; abdo-
men crimson, with brown segmental bands above and two paired
series of lateral spots. Fore wing black-brown ; an irregular
yellowish- white band from the costa before the middle to outer
angle ; cilia tipped with white. Hind wing crimson ; the basal
area brown ; a broken irregular postmedial band of black spots ;
outer margin brown, sending streaks along the veins towards the
spots.

Hab. Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 48 millim.

Genus CASTABALA.
Castabala, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 270 (1864).

Type, 0. roseata, "Wlk.

Range. Sikhim ; Calcutta.

Palpi short and porrectly upturned. Antennae ciliated in male.
Tibise with the spurs short. Fore wing elongate, the apex
rounded ; the outer margin oblique ; vein 3 from before angle of
cell ; 4 and 5 on a short stalk ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ;
no areole. Hind wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell;
4 and 5 on a short stalk ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from near end of
cell.

1277. Castabala roseata, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 270; Butl. III Het. v,
pi. 87, fig. 1 ; C. Sf S. no. 729.

Head and collar crimson ; antennae brown ; thorax brown with
a bluish tinge ; metathorax suffused with crimson ; abdomen
crimson. Fore wing dark brown, the base bluish ; a yellow patch

Fig. 26.— Castabala roseata, tf . |.

on inner margin at base ; a subbasal yellow band from the costa ;
an antemedial yellow band interrupted at cell ; a medial spot on
costa and another in cell ; a postmedial curved band and marginal
band widest at apex. Hind wing crimson, with a broad marginal
dark brown band not reaching anal angle.
Hob. Sikhim ; Calcutta. Exp. 52 millim.

54

Genus TATARGINA.
Tatargina, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 366.

Type, T. picta, Wlk.

Range. S. China ; Burma.

Palpi rather short and porrect. Antennae simple in female.
Mid and hind tibiaB with minute terminal pairs of spurs. Fore
wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 on a short
stalk ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind \ving with
veins 3, 4, 5 from close to lower angle of cell ; 6 and 7 from
upper angle ; 8 from middle of cell.

1278. Tatargina picta, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 263 ; C. $ S. no. 750.

Tatargina forniosa, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 306, pi. viii,
fig. 17.

$ . Head and thorax scarlet ; collar with two whitish patches,
with a black spot centred with grey on each ; tegulae, meso- and
metathorax with similar patches ; abdomen yellow, red at base,

Fig. 27. — Tatargina picta,

with dorsal and lateral series of black spots and black ventral bands.
Fore wing grey, crossed by six scarlet bands, each on a white
ground edged by black ; the veins white, outlined with black ; cilia
scarlet. Hind wing crimson, with four black spots on the costa
near the apex, and sometimes other subapical and discal spots.

In the variety formosa the crimson and white black-edged bands
of the fore wing are much narrower than m picta.

Hab. S. China ; Moulmein ; Prome. Evp. 54-58 millim.

Genus DEIOPIA.

Deiopeia, Stcph. Ill Brit. Ent., Haust. ii, p. 92 (1829).
Utetheisa, Hicbn. Verz. p. 168 (1818), gen. non descr.

Type, D. pulchella, Linn.

Range. Universally distributed.

Palpi porrect, extending beyond the frons. Antennas ciliated.
Fore wing long and narrow, the outer margin short and somewhat
erect ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from the angle ;
6 from upper angle ; 7 and 10 from a short areole. Hind wing
with vein 5 from above angle of cell : 6 and 7 from upper angle ;
8 from middle of cell.

DEIOPIA. 55

SECT. I. Hind wing of male with no fold or glandular
tuft on inner margin.

1279. Deiopia pulchella, Linn. Syst. Nat. l.ii, 884 ; Kirby, Eur.Butt.

$ Moths, p. 102, pi. 22, figs. 12, 12 a (larva) ;(?.#& no. 739.
Phalsena lotrix, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 109, fig. E ; C. fy S.

no. 738.
Deiopeia thyter, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 361; C. 8f S.

no. 740.

Noctua pulchra, Esp. Schmett. Eur. vi, p. 570.
Deiopeia antennata, Swinh. A. M. N. H. (6) xii, p. 215.

Head and thorax yellow, the collar and tegulaB each with two
black spots, pro-, meso-, and metathorax with one each ; the third
joint of palpi black ; abdomen white. Tore wing white, with five

Fig. 28. — Deiopia pulchella, $. \.

interrupted scarlet bands with series of black spots between them ;
a marginal series of black spots. Hind wing semi-diaphanous
white ; some specimens with black marks on the discocellulars ; a
very irregular black submarginal band, broad at apical area and
between veins 1 b and 3.

The form lotrix has the third joint of the palpi yellow, and the
black spots on thorax reduced ; thyter has the black spots on fore
wing also reduced to minute specks. The Malayan and Australian
form antennata has the antennae of male serrate, sometimes almost
forming pectinations ; it occurs from the Nicobars and Philippines
eastward.

Larva dark grey, with a dorsal white band and subdorsal series
of red spots ; head yellow.

Hab. Europe ; Africa ; throughout India and Ceylon ; Philip-
pines ; Malay Archipelago ; New G-uinea ; Australia and the
Pacific groups. Exp.9 3 40-46, $ 45 millim.

SECT. II. Hind wing of male with a fold and glandular
tuft on inner margin.

1280. Deiopia venusta, Hubn. Samml exot. Schmett. p. 29, no. 261,

figs. 521, 522.

Deiopeia cruentata, Butl. III. Het. v, p. 38, pi. 86, fig. 10 ; C. 8f S.
no. 737.

Differs from pulchella in the palpi being black with a yellow
band ; the head black, with a white spot on vertex ; the black spots
of the thorax larger. Fore wing with the ground-colour black

56 ARCTIIDJE.

the red spots being placed on white patches ; an oblique white
irregular postmedial band. Hind wing with the irregular marginal
black band wider.

In the form cruentata the spot on head and the ground-colour
of thorax are yellow ; the red spots of the fore wing are smaller
and placed on yellowish-white instead of pure white patches.

Hob. Madagascar ; Mauritius ; Sikhim ; Sumatra. Exp., tf 40,
£ 50-54 millim.

Genus CYANA.

Cyana, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 528 (1854).

Doliche, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 529.

Bizone, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 548.

Chioncema, Herr.-Schaffer, Samml. aussereur. Schmett.ip.2I (1850).

Type, C. detrita, Wlk.

Range. Africa ; Madagascar ; China ; throughout India, Ceylon,
and Burma ; Sumatra ; Java ; Borneo.

Palpi slender and upturned. Antennae ciliated. Fore wing of
male with a more or less strongly developed fringe of hair from
the centre of costa on upperside and lobe on underside, which much
distorts the subcostal nervures. Vein 5 absent in male ; vein 6
usually absent in female ; 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3
and 4 stalked ; 5 from above angle of cell ; 6 and 7 usually stalked.

SECT. I. Fore wing in female with veins 4 and 5 stalked ; male with
the costal tuft large ; the lobe single, elongate, and large.

A. Fore iving with vein 6 absent in female. Hind winy with
veins 6 and 7 from angle of cell.

a. Fore wing of male with three black spots, of female with one.

a'. Male with a large patch of modified chocolate scales on disk
of fore iving on underside, a similar patch in upper part of
cell of hind wing on upperside, the costa being highly arched.

1281. Cyana peregrina, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 551 ; C. $ S. no. 668.

Bizone quadrinotata, Wlk. Char. Undescr. Het. p. 90; C. fy S.

no. 671.

Lithosia alhorosea, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 230 ; C.fyS. no. 656.
Bizone pallens, Butt. Trans. Ent.Soc. 1877, p. 388 ; C.fyS. no. 667.
Bizone puella, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 103, ngs. 3; 3 a (necDrury).

Palpi crimson ; head and thorax
white ; one scarlet band on
collar and two on thorax ; abdo-
men with a crimson tinge. Fore
wing white; a subbasal scarlet
band ; ante- and postmedial nearly
straight oblique bands, the former
inwardly edged with black, the
^^ outw|pdly . ft marginal

crimson band, which in the male is continued along the costa to
the postmedial band. Hind wing pale crimson.

CYANA. 57

In the form pollens the black edges to the ante- and post-
medial bands are obsolete ; the markings of an orange tone ;
the hind wing very pale.

Larva forms a large cocoon of extremely open network.

Hob. China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Sumatra.
Exp.9 cJ 23, $ 30 millim.

b'. Male without sexual patches or arched costa of hind wing.

1282. Cyana puella, Drury, IU. Exot. Ins. ii, p. 3, pi. 2, fig. 2 ; C. $ S.

no. 670.

Differs from peregrina in having the antemedial band of fore
wing excurved below the costa ; the postmedial band incurved and
somewhat irregular.

Hob. Dharmsala; Nepal; Bombay; S. India: Ceylon; Java.
Exp.9 <$ 28, £ 36 millim.

b. Fore wing of male with three red spots, female iviih one.

1283. Cyana amaMlis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 597, pi. 59, fig. 2 ;

C. $• S. no. 657.

Differs from peregrina in the antemedial band of the fore wing
being further from the base and more erect ; the ante- and post-
medial bands without black edges.

Hab. Andamans ; Mcobars. Exp. 22 millim.

B. Fore iving with vein 6 present in female ; hind wing with the costa
normal ; no modified patch of scales ; veins 6 and 7 stalked.

1284. Cyana effiracta, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 546 ;C.$S. no. 663.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white, thorax with an orange band ;
end of abdomen in female with a large ochreous tuft. Wings
white ; fore wing with subbasal and antemedial nearly straight
orange bands ; a spot in the cell ; a slightly curved medial band ;
three orange spots in end of cell; a highly curved postmedial
band ; four submarginal spots.

Hab. Nepal ; Sikhim ; Burma. Eocp. 27 millim.

SECT. II. Eore wing in female with veins 4 and 5 from
cell ; 7, 8, 9 stalked.

A. Male with the costal tuft large ; the fold large and bilobate.
a. Fore wing with one black spot in both sexes.

1285. Cyana perornata, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 548 ; Butl. Ill Het. v, pi. 86,

fig. 8 ; C. $ S. no. 669.

Differs from peregrina in the fore wing having in some specimens
a complete irregular marginal band, whilst in others it is reduced

58

to some subapical streaks ; male with some scarlet between the
postmedial band and apex. Hind wing white, the outer area, and
in some specimens the whole wing, more or less tinged with
pink.

Hob. Sikhim ; Assam ; Borneo ; Java. Exp., tf 48, $ 54
millim.

b. Fore wing of male ivith three black spots, of female with two.

1286. Cyana bianca, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1684; V.$ S. no. 660.

Differs from peregrina in the scarlet bands of the fore wing
being much broader ; the black edges to the ante- and postmedial
bands broad and prominent ; the black spots large and prominent.
Hind wing deeper crimson.

In a female from the Karen Hills the crimson bands of the
fore wing are not wider towards inner margin, and in a female
from Bhamo all the crimson markings are replaced by orange.

Hab. Sikhim ; Cachar ; Burma ; Penang ; Andamans. E.vp.
40 millim.

c. Fore wing with three black spots in both sexes.

1287. Cyana subornata, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 550; Moore, Lcp. Ceyl. ii,

pi. 103, fig. 4 ; C.$S. no. 673.
Bizone linatula, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 135.

$ . The markings as in peregrina.

The variety linatula has slender black edges to the ante- and
postmedial bands.

Hab. Khandala ; Matheran ; N. Canara ; Ceylon ; Andamans ;
Borneo. Exp. 36 millim.

B. Male with the costal tuft large ; the fold very large and trilobate.
a. Fore wing with three black spots in both sexes.

1288. Cyana Candida, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 106, fig. 17 ; C. fy S.

no. 731.

Pure white ; collar with a crimson band ; tegulse and vertex- of
thorax with crimson spots. Fore wing without bauds ; the basal
half of costa streaked with crimson. Hind wing pure white.

In a female from Kulu, N.W. Himalayas, the crimson spots on
tegulas and thorax are absent ; and in another from Dalhousie the
band on collar is also absent, the costal band on fore wing almost
obsolete, as also the black spot at lower angle of cell.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim, 8000 to 10,000 feet. Exp., $
40, 2 48 millim.

1289. Cyana signa, Wlk. Cat.u, p. 550; C.8f S. no. 672.
Bizone fasciculata, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1684 ; C. $ S. no. 664.
Bizone adita, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 306, pi. 7«, fig. 11.
Bizone signa, var. walked, Elw. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 393, pi. 32, fig. 7.

CYANA. 59

d . Pure white ; palpi black ; collar and tegulae with narrow
Crimson bands ; a small spot on vertex of thorax. Fore wing with
a basal crimson spot on costa ; a narrow obliquely curved ante-
medial band, the costa crimson from the base to the band ; a
postmedial curved narrow band ; a black spot towards end of cell
and one in each angle, the two latter being conjoined into a streak
in one specimen ; the costal fold on underside ochreous or pink.

$ . Without the crimson streak on base of costa ; the lower black
spot at origin of vein 3 instead of at angle of cell ; the postmedial
band angulated as well as curved ; in some specimens the black
spots are reduced to specks, one specimen having the spot at
upper angle of cell only.

The form fasciculata has the markings of an orange tone, whilst
in adita they are crimson. The variety walkeri, Elwes (male
unknown), from Sikhim, has a crimson band on metathorax, the
bands of fore wing broader, the postmedial band doubly curved
instead of angled, the black spots large, and the subbasal baud
more complete.

Hob. Himalayas, from Kulu to Sikhim, 7000 to 10,000 feet;
Khasis ; Burma. Exp., g 44, $ 46 millim.

b. Fore wing of male with three black spots, of female
ivith two spots.

1290. Cyana puer, Elwes, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 392, pi. 32, fig. 8.

Head and abdomen white ; thorax buff, striped with white ;
Fore wing white ; the basal and outer areas buff ; an antemedial
scarlet angulated band ; a postmedial nearly straight and slightly
oblique band, outwardly edged with black ; a black spot on the
costa beyond the postmedial band. Hind wing buff.

Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis ; Nagas ; Manipur. Eccp. 40 millim.

1291. Cyana guttifera, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1779 ; C.$S. no. 666.
Bizone triguttata, Wlk. Char. Undescr. Het. p. 89 j C. $ 8. no.

674.

Differs from arama in having the distal segments of abdomen
ochreous ; the antemedial band of fore wing less bent outwards
towards inner margin ; the postmedial band more so. Hind wing
yellow ; the costal area and cilia white.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; JX"agas ; Khandala ; Anda-
mans. Exp. 32 millim.

1292. Cyana sikkimensis, Elwes, P. Z. 8. 1890, p. 395.

Differs from guttifera in having the costa streaked with black at
base ; the upper black spot divided by the postmedial band ; no
marginal band ; the hind wing white.

Hab. Sikhim, 7000 to 10,000 feet. Exp.9 <$ 42, $ 46 millim.

60 ABCTIID^E.

1293. Cyana divakara, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 798, pi. 43, fix 9 ;

C. $ S. no. 662.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; collar and tegulae banded
with orange ; thorax with two orange spots. Fore wing white,
with brownish-orange markings which occupy the whole wing
except a basal patch which extends along the inner margin to near
the centre ; a streak on the subcostal nervure ; a patch at end of
cell on which are the three black spots, the two on the disco-
cellulars being conjoined ; a spot at centre of inner margin ; the
costal tuft white, with an irregular baud from it to inner margin
and a black speck below it ; cilia and hind wing white. Under-
side white ; the costal and outer areas of fore wing suffused with
fuscous ; a dark lunule at end of cell of hind wing.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp., <$ 48, $ 36 millim.

c. Fore wing of male with two black spots, female with three.

1294. Cyana molleri, Elwes, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 395.

Differs from dohertyi in being without the dark lunule at end of
cell of hind wing on underside.

Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 38 millim.

d. Fore wing in both sexes with three fuscous ring-spots in the cell.

1295. Cyana detrita, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 529 ; Butl 111. Het. v, pi. 86.

fig. 9; C. # S. no. 655.
Barsine suffundens, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 250 ; C. $ S. no. 707.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white suffused with fuscous. Fore
wing white, irrorated with fuscous and with ill-defined and much
diffused subbasal, antemediai, postmedial, and submarginal fuscous
bands; the three fuscous ring-spots filled in with white, the
upper spot obsolescent in male, and usually filled in with black in
female. Hind wing white.

Hab. Himalayas; Silhet; Naga Hills. Exp., <3 28, $ 38
millim.

1296. Cyana gelida, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 529; Butl. III. Het. v, pi. 86,

fig. 6; C.Sf S. no. 654.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; thorax and abdomen much
suffused with fuscous. Pore wing white, with a subbasal yellow
or olive band with some fuscous suffusion before and beyond it ;
ante- and postmedial curved yellow or olive bands, the inner area
between them similarly coloured ; the ring-spots on a fuscous
clouded area which extends beyond the postmedial band ; an
irregular marginal vinous-red band, not reaching the apex. Hind
wirig pink with a vinous tinge.

Hab. Kangra; Sikhim; Silhet. Exp. 32-36 millim.

CYAtfA. 61

C. Male with the costal tuft very minute ; the fold minute and
unilobate.

a. Male with three black spots in the cell.

1297. Cyana bellissima, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 27, pi. iii, fig. 13 ;

C. # S. no. 659.

<3 . Head and collar white, the latter fringed with crimson ;
thorax and abdomen crimson. Fore wing pinkish ; a crimson
subbasal band ending at vein 1 ; an antemedial broad crimson
oblique band widest at inner margin ; a similar curved postmedial
band ; a black subcostal streak beyond the postmedial band j the
outer area buff. Hind wing bright crimson.

$ . The bands of the fore wing narrow ; a narrow buff sub-
marginal band instead of the whole outer area being buff; in
a specimen from E. Pegu this band is crimson ; bind wing with
the apex, margin, and cilia white.

Nab. Mussooree; Sikhim ; E. Pegu. Exp., 3 46, $ 51-64
millim.

1298. Cyana coccinea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 28, pi. iii, tig. 14 ;

C. $ S. no. 661.

cJ . Head and collar ochreous, the latter fringed with crimson ;
thorax and abdomen crimson; the anal tuft ochreous. Wings
dark crimson ; fore wing with some black subbasal specks ; a
broad excurved antemedial band ; an incurved submarginal band
with dentate outer edge.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 53 millim.

1299. Cyana harterti, Elwes, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 398.

Differs from guttifera in having the black spots of the fore
wing smaller; the yellow bands narrower. Hind wiug pure
white.

Hob. Upper Assam. Exp. 24 millim.

b. Fore wing with three yellow conjoined spots in the cell in
both sexes.

1300. Cyana gazella, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 572, pi. 33, fig. 4;

C. $ S. no. 665.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the thorax much suffused
with pale orange. Fore wing white ; a short basal pale orange
band ; subbasal, antemedial, postmedial, and marginal bands con-
nected by transverse spurs and the three conjoined cell-spots into
reticulations. Hind wing white.

Bab. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exp., J 36, $ 48 millim.

62 AECTIIDvE.

D. Male with the costal tuft small ; the fold small and bilobate.
a. Fore wing with three black spots in loth sexes.

1301. Cyana arama, Moore, Lev. E. I. Co. p. 306, pi. \ii.a. fig. 10:

C. $ S. no. 658.

White ; the palpi black ; collar and tegulae banded with yellow ;
abdomen with the distal portion suffused with crimson. Fore
wing with subbasal, antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal
obliquely curved yellow bands; the three black spots large in
female, smaller in male, the upper spot being placed outside the
postmedial band below the costa. Hind wing white, more or less
suffused with pale pink ; a dark lunule at end of cell on underside.

Hob. Kulu ; Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 54 millim.

1302. Cyana dohertyi, Elwes, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 394, Pl. 32, fig. 4.

Differs from arama in having the abdomen white ; the ante-
medial band of fore wing less bent outwards towards inner
margin ; the postmedial band straighter ; the upper black spot at
angle of cell. Hind wing pure white, with a dark lunule at end of
cell on underside.

Hab. Sikhim ; Naga Hills. Exp. 40 millim.

Genus KERALA.
Kerala, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 329.

Type, K. punctilineata, Moore.

Range. Japan ; Sikhim ; Naga Hills.

Palpi rather long and obliquely porrect. Antennae minutely
ciliated. Fore wing long and narrow, the outer margin short and
erect ; veins 3, 4, 5 from close to angle of cell ; 6 from upper
angle ; 7 from the short areole ; 10 from after it. Hind wing with
a patch of modified scales occupying the greater part of the disk ;
veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 from above angle of cell ; 6 and 7 stalked ;
8 from middle of cell. Ketinaculum from median nervure in both
sexes.

1303. Kerala punctilineata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 330; C. $ S.

no. 1641.

Kerala multipunctata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 93, pi. iv, fig. 4;
C. $ S. no. 1640.

c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing olive-green, the last with
numerous dark specks on the veins ; a speck of raised white scales
in the cell ; the discocellulars black, with raised white scales on
their inner edge ; the subcostal nervule streaked with red-brown ;
an indistinct antemedial double curved line ; a postmedial oblique
line bent outwards near inner margin ; a submarginal lunulate
black line; a slight marginal lunulate white line. Hind wing

KEEALA. — DOHEETYA.

63

whitish fuscous ; the raised glandular scales brown. Abdomen
whitish.

Fig. 30. — Kerala punctilineata, £. \.

£ . Head reddish ; thorax and abdomen fuscous white. Fore
wing grey or without the raised white scales in cell and on disco-
cellulars ; the ante- and postmedial lines almost obsolete.

In a male from the Naga Hills the head, thorax, abdomen, and
fore wing are suffused with pale red-brown.

Hob. Sikhim ; Naga Hills. Exp. 40-42 millim.

Genus DOHERTYA, nov.

Type, D. cymatoplioroides, Hmpsn.

Range. Burma.

Palpi short and porrect ; antennae minutely serrated ; mid tibise
with one pair of long spurs, hind tibiae with two pairs. Fore
wing long and narrow, the apex rounded ; veins 4 and 5 from
lower angle of cell, 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked.
Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 absent ; 6 and 7 stalked ;
8 from beyond middle of cell.

1304. Dohertya cymatophoroid.es, n. sp.

c? . Head red-brown, the frons pale ; thorax pale, the collar
outlined with black ; abdomen pale brown. Fore wiog pale

Fig. 31. — DoJierti/a cymatophoroides, rf. \.

reddish brown, the basal half darkest ; an indistinct curved dark
antemedial line ; a whitish speck towards end of cell and lunule
on discocellulars ; traces of a pale curved postmedial line ; a
series of marginal dark specks. Hind wing fuscous.

Hob. E. Pegu (Doherty). Exp. 36 millim. Type in coll.
Elwes.

64 AECTIIDJE.

Genus ADREPSA.
Adrepsa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 37 (1879).

Type, A. stilbioides, Moore.

Range. Assam.

$ . Palpi slight and porrect ; antennae nearly simple. Fore
wing long and narrow, the apex acute ; vein 3 from before angle
of cell ; 5 from above the angle ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8,
9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 from
above the angle ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from middle of cell.

*1305. Adrepsa stilbioides, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 38, pi. ii, fig. 20;
C. $ S. no. 732.

$ . Head and thorax dark purplish grey ; thorax speckled with
white ; abdomen yellow. Fore wing dark purplish grey ; a
curved subbasal series of black spots ; a spot in the cell and one at
end of it ; a curved postmedial series and marginal series, all
edged with a few white specks. Hind wing pale yellow, with a
series of marginal black striae.

Hab. Assam. Exp. 48 millim.

Genus AGRISIUS.
Agrisius, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 723 (1855).

Type, A. guttivitta^ Wlk.

Range. Sikhim.

Palpi upturned, the second joint reaching vertex of head, the
third long. Antennae fasciculated. Fore wing with vein 3 from
before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from the angle ; 6 from upper angle ;
7 from areole, 10 from after it. Hind wing with vein 3 from just
before the angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from the angle ; 6 and 7 from
upper angle ; 8 from middle of cell.

1306. Agrisius guttivitta, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 723; Butt. III Het. v,
pi. 87, fig. 2; C.$S. no. 545.

Head and thorax white, the latter spotted with black ; the basal

Fig. 32. — Agrisius guttivitta, $ . \.
segments of abdomen white, the distal segments black fringed

AGRISIITS. — MACROBROCHIS. 65

with pale hairs. Eore wing white ; the basal half with numerous
black spots ; the veins of the outer area streaked with black.
Hind wing white, slightly suffused with fuscous • the veins smoky
black.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 46 millim.

1307. Agrisius fuliginosus, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 571, pi. 33,

fig. 3 ; C. 8f S. no. 544.
Agrisius japonicus, Leech, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 598, pi. 30, fig. 10.

$ . Differs from guttivitta in being wholly suffused with pale
fuscous. Pore wing with the spots confined to the basal one-
fourth of wing, except for two medial spots below the costa, and
six between the lower angle of cell and inner margin ; the veins
of outer area slightly streaked with black. Hind wing uniform
fuscous.

Hab. China ; " India." Exp. 56 millim.

Genus MACROBROCHIS.

Macrobrochis, Herr.-Schaffer, Samml. aussereur. Schmett. p. 72 (1856).
Tripura, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 298 (1858).

Type, M. gigas, "Wlk.

Range. Himalayas ; Assam ; Naga Hills.

Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head, and thickly scaled, the
third joint short. Antennae with the bristles long in male. Pore
wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from angle ;
6 from upper angle or beyond it ; 7 and 10 from the areole ; 11
often anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with vein 3 from before
angle of cell ; 4 or 5 from the angle ; 6 arid 7 stalked ; 8 from
before middle of cell.

SECT. I. (Macrobrochis). Eore wing with vein 6 from beyond
angle of cell.

1308. Macrobrochis gigas, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 494; JButl. III. Het. v,

pi. 87, fig. 4 ; C. 8f S. no. 556.
Macrobrochis interstitialis, Herr.-Schdffer, Samml. aussereur.

Schmett. fig. 531.
Macrobrochis leucospilota, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 8 ; C. $ &

no. 557.
Macrobrochis albicans, Butl. III. Het. v, p. 41, pi. 87, fig. 5 j

C. $ S. no. 554.
Macrobrochis nigrescens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 8 j C. fy S.

no. 558.
Macrobrochis atrata, Butt. III. Het. v, pi. 87, fig. 3 ; C. 8f S. no. 555.

Head and collar orange ; thorax black above with a metallic
green tinge, orange below ; the tegulaB striped with orange ;
abdomen greenish black, the extremity and ventral surface orange ;
a series of lateral white marks. Pore wing black with a green

VOL. II. F

ARCTIID.E.

tinge ; a small white spot at base, with a larger one beyond it ; a
spot in end of cell and another below it ; a streak between veins 2
and 3, and an irregular submarginal series. Hind wing with the
basal half white, the outer half black.

Fig. 33. — Macrobrochis gigas, $ . \.

The form interstitidlis has a white subbasal streak on inner
margin of fore wing and the white markings larger, the hind wing
with some whitish streaks on the marginal black area ; in leuco-
spilota the white submarginal streaks of the hind wing are larger,
and in albicans the submarginal series of fore and hind wings are
very large and prominent ; in niyrescens the white markings of
both wings are very much reduced, and in atrata quite or almost
absent.

Hab. Sikhim ; Bhutan ; Assam. Exp., 3 80, £ 85 millira.

SECT. II. (Tripura). Fore wing with vein 6 from the angle
of cell.

1309. Macrobrochis prasena, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 299, pi. 7 a, fig. 6 ;

C. 8f S. no. 560.

Head, thorax, and abdomen blue-black; collar and underside
orange. Fore wing blue-black ; a basal white streak on inner
margin ; large patches in the interno-median interspace and end
of cell ; long streaks in the marginal interspaces. Hind wing
white ; the apical area black ; a marginal black line.

Hob. Dalhousie ; Dharmsala ; Sikhim ; Naga Hills. K>-p.
58 millim.

1310. Macrobrochis pallens, n. sp.

Head and thorax greyish white ; collar bright orange ; abdomen
purplish fuscous ; thorax and abdomen orange below ; legs blue-
grey. Wings greyish white ; fore wing with the basal half of
costa narrowly blue-grey ; disk of hind wing and veins clouded
with fuscous.

Hob. Dalhousie ; Simla (Harford). Exp., 3 46, $ 54 millim.
Type in B. M.

SIDTMA. 67

Genus SIDYMA.

Sidyma, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1686 (1856).
Vamuna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 10.

Type, S. albifinis, "Wlk.

Range. Himalayas ; Khasi Hills.

Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head, the third joint short.
Thorax and abdomen somewhat stout and hairy. Fore wing with
vein 3 from before angle of cell, 4 and 5 stalked ; 6 from middle
of areole ; 7 from after areole ; 10 from the areole. Hind wing
with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 stalked ; 6 and 7
from upper angle ; 8 from middle of cell.

SECT. I. (Sidyma). Male with the antennae bipectinated, the
branches fine and of moderate length.

1311. Sidyma albifinis, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1686 ; C. fy S. no. 561.
Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous ; collar, underside of thorax,

Fig. 34.— Sidyma albifinis, rf. \.

and anal tuft ochreous. Wings fuscous ; the apical area of both
wings white.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas. Exp., <$ 42, £ 45 millim.

1312. Sidyma apicalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 9, pi. 1, fig. 2 j C. $ 8.

no. 662.

Differs from albifinis in being purplish black ; the head, collar,
and underside of thorax orange-red ; the apical white patch of
fore wing smaller, of hind wing absent.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. <3 42, $ 44 millim.

^ SECT. II. ( Vamuna). Male with the antennae ciliated.

1313. Sidyma beema, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 798 ; C.$S. no. 615.

Palpi orange, the terminal joint brown. Head, thorax, and
fore wing uniform hair-brown; abdomen brown, with the ex-
tremity yellow. Hind wing with the inner half brown; the
costal and apical areas yellow ; a marginal yellow band extending
to anal angle.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp., rf 47, $ 56 millim.

1-2

68

1314. Sidyma maculata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 10, pi. 1, fig. 5 ;

C. $ S. no. 564.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous ; palpi orange,
the third joint black; frons black. Fore wing pale ochreous,
slightly clouded with brown. Hind wing pale orange ; three large
submarginal black patches, the patch at middle largest. Under-
side of fore wing with a black patch on vein 2 and a large patch
on disk showing through to upperside.

$ paler, with the black markings considerably reduced.

Nab. Sikhim. Exp., <J 46, $ 55 millim.

1315. Sidyma remelana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 798 ; C. $ S. no. 50-5.
Gnophria quadrimaculata, Moschler, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1872,

p. 352 ; C.$S. no. 629.

cJ . Head white ; palpi black at tips, the proboscis yellow ; a
frontal band and antennae black. Thorax and abdomen white.
Pore wing white, the costa black ; apical portion of outer margin
black ; an irregular black postmedial band widest at veins 2 to 5
and often interrupted below the costa. Hind wing white, with
a submarginal black spot at veins 2 to 5.

5 . The frontal band obsolescent. Fore wing with the costa
and outer margin white, or slightly tinged with black ; the post-
medial band reduced to a spot on vein 4. Hind wing with the
spot small.

Hob. Sikhim; Khasis. JErp., rf 44, £ 52 millim.

1316. Sidyma bipars, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 10, pi. 1, fig. 11 ;

C. 8f S. no. 563.

tf . Differs from remelana in the frons being black, the under-
side of head and thorax yellow ; upperside of thorax fuscous ;
terminal segments of abdomen yellow; the whole outer area
of fore wing black ; a black submarginal band on hind wing from
the interno-median interspace to vein 7.

$> . Upperside of thorax white ; fore wing with the dark area
reduced to a postmedial oblique baud ; the margins at apex black ;
hind wing with the black patch reduced to a spot.

Hob. Sikhim. Exy>. 52 millim.

Genus MAHAVIRA. ^

Mahavira, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 11.

Type, M . flavicollis, Moore.

Range. Sikhim.

Palpi porrect, reaching beyond the frons. Antennae of male
with extremely long bristles and fascicles of cilia. Legs with the
spurs long. Fore wings with veins 4 and 5 from cell ; 6 from
upper angle of cell ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; no areole. Hind wing with

MAHAVIRA. — GNOPHRIA.

vein 3 from angle of cell ; 4 and 5 stalked ; 6 and 7 stalked j 8
from middle of cell.

1317. Mahavira flavicollis. Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 11, pi. 1, fig. 3 ;
C. $ S. no. 571.

c? . Pure white ; collar and antennae tinged with yellow. Fore
wing with the veins yellowish fuscous.

Fig. 35. — Mahavira flavicollis, c£. f,
Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 36 millim.

Genus GNOPHRIA.

Gnophria, Steph. III. Brit. Ent., Haust. ii. p. 98 (1829).
Atolmis, Hilbn. Verz. p. 164 (1818), gen. non descr.
Ghoria, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 12.
Churinga, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 9.
Hesudra, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 12.

Type, G. rubricollis, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Europe ; Himalayas.

Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head, the second joint hairy.
Thorax and abdomen slender and smooth. Fore wing with
vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4 and 5 stalked; 6 from or
from after angle of cell ; 7 and 10 from areole. Hind wing with
vein 3 from angle of cell; 4 and 5 stalked; 6 and 7 stalked;.
8 from middle of cell.

SECT. I. (Gnophria). Antenna? with short cilia and bristles.

8. Gnophria sericeipennis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 13; a $ S.
no. 575.

. Frons fuscous; vertex of head white; collar yellowish

70 AKCTIID^E.

white ; thorax fuscous ; abdomen fuscous white, the anal tuft
ochreous. Tore wing silky white ; the inner area fuscous. Hind
wing white. Underside of fore wing fuscous.
Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 49 millim.

1319. Gnophria albocinerea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 13, pi. 1, fig. 10;
C. $ S. no. 574.

d* . Differs from sericeipennis in the tegulae being white, with a
fuscous streak. Fore wing with the inner fuscous area narrower.
Hind wing fuscous ; the cilia white. Underside fuscous, the inner
margin of hind wing whitish.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 40 millim.

SECT. II. (Churinga). Antenna) of male bipectinated.

1320. Gnophria divisa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 12, pi. 1, fig. 4 ;
a # 8. no. 573.

<$ . Head yellow ; thorax purplish grey ; abdomen paler, with
ochreous anal tuft. Fore wing with the costal half yellow, the
inner half purplish grey ; basal half of costa black. Hind wing
pale yellow.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 35 millim.

1321. Gnophria mfifrons, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 10, pi. 1, fig. 12 ;
C. $ S. no. 616.

J . Head and collar orange ; thorax fuscous, the tegulae fringed
with yellow ; abdomen orange-yellow. Fore Ming fuscous ; a
broad "costal yellow streak not reaching the apex; a yellow streak
on inner margin ; cilia yellow. Hind wing orange-yellow.

$ with the yellow streak to costa and inner margin of fore wing
narrow.

Hah. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exp., $ 55, $ 64 millim.

1322. Gnophria postfusca, n. sp.

c? . Head and thorax dark leaden grey ; abdomen paler ; palpi
and collar orange. Fore wing dark leaden grey ; costa narrowly
orange from before middle to apex. Hind wing fuscous. Femora
and underside of abdomen yellow.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas! Exp. 36 millim. Type in coll.
Moore.

PAB AONA. —PHILAGRIA . 7 1

Genus PARAONA.
Paraona, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 8.

Type, P. splendens, Butl.

Range. Bombay.

Palpi porrect. Antennae with short bristles in female. Fore wing
with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from angle ; 6 and
10 from the areole ; 7 from after it. Hind wing with vein 3 from
angle of cell ; 4 arid 5 on a short stalk ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from
middle of cell.

1323. Paraona splendens, Butl Trans. Ent. Soc. ]877, p. 357 ; Moore,
P. Z. S. 1878, pi. 1, fig. 1 ; CL&.& no. 567.

£ . Fuscous ; the head, tegulae, and metathorax metallic blue-
green ; collar bright yellow. Fore wing with a coppery tinge ; the

Fig. 37. — Paraona splendens, §. j.

veins streaked with blue-green, especially the nervures near the
base ; a golden-yellow streak from the base below the median
nervure.

Hob. Bombay. Exp. 44 millim.

Genus PHILAGRIA.
Philagria, Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het. p. 336 (189'?)

Type, P. entella, Cram.

liatuje. India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Borneo ; Celebes ; New
Hebrides.

Palpi porrect, the second joint fringed with hair. Antenna) of
male bipectinated, the branches short, and with a bristle from the
end. Fore wing very long and narrow ; vein 3 from before angle
of cell ; 4 and 5 from angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, stalked ;
no areole. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked ; 6 and 7 on a
short stalk ; 8 from middle of cell.

1324. Philagria entella, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii. pi. 203, fig. D ; C. 8> S.

no. 570.

Noctua delia, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii, p. 140.
^Eonistis entelliola, Hilbn. Verz. p. 165.
Noctua couvoluta Fabr. Sp. Ins. ii, p. 215.

AECTIID^E.

Head, collar, and abdomen orange ; thorax and extremities of
tegula3 metallic blue-green. Wings pale orange. Fore wing with
the costa, except the apex, blue-green ; a medial blue-green band

Fig. 38—Philagria entella, tf. }.

expanding into a large quadrate patch below the cell; a band
from the costa before the apex joined to a large quadrate patch on
outer margin. Hind wing orange.

Hob. S. India; Ceylon; Burma; Borneo; New Hebrides.
<$ 42, $ 46millim.

Genus CHRYSJEGLIA.

Chrysaeglia, Butt. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 356.

Type, C. magnified, Wlk.

Range. Himalayas and Assam ; Borneo.

Palpi porrect, the second joint fringed with hair. Antennae of
male with strong cilia and bristles. Fore wing very long and
narrow ; yein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from angle ; 6
from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, stalked, 7 from before or from the
same point as 9 ; no areole. Hind wing with vein 5 absent ; 6
and 7 on a short stalk ; 8 from middle of cell.

1325. Chrysaeg-lia magnifica, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 103 ;

C. $ S. no. 569.

Chrysaeglia ferrifasciata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 13, pi. 1, fig. 6 ;
C. $ S. no. 568.

Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow ; tegula3 metallic blue-

Fig. 39. — Chrysaglia magnifi

{.

green. Fore wing golden yellow ; the costa with a blue-green
fascia extending into middle of cell ; a blue-green spot towards
base of inner margin ; a medial band widest in the interno-median

CHRYS^GLIA. — CHRrSORABDIA. 73

interspace; a marginal band, wide in male, narrow in female.
Hind wing yellow : the apical portion of outer margin fuscous.

Hob. Simla, Nepal ; Sikhim ; Khasi Hills ; Sibsagar ; Naga
Hills ; Borneo. JSxp., tf 50, $ 58 millirn.

Genus (EONISTIS.
(Ennistis, Hubn. Verz. p. 165 (1818).

Type, (E. quadra, Linn.

Range. Europe ; Japan ; China ; Sikhim.

Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head. Antenna? ciliated in
both sexes. Pore wing long and narrow; veins 3, 4, 5 from
angle of cell, or 3, 4 on a short stalk ; 6 from below upper angle ;
9 rising from 10 and anastomosing with 7 and 8 to form the
areole. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 absent ; 6
stalked with 7 in female, absent in male ; 8 from before middle of
cell.

1326. (Eonistis quadra, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 840.

J . Palpi orange, the third joint black. Head black, the vertex
orange ; thorax orange, with a black spot on shoulders ; abdomen
ochreous, the anal tuft fuscous ; a broad fuscous marginal band.
Hind wing pale yellow, the costal area whitish fuscous.

$ . Uniform orange-yellow ; abdomen and hind wing paler ;
fore vying with a postmedial blue-black spot on costa and another
on vein 2 ; cilia at apex black.

Fig. 40. — (Eonintis quad

The Japan form dives, But!., has a narrower fuscous margin to fore
wing in male, the female being indistinguishable.

The single female from Sikhim has vein 5 of the fore wing
absent ; if this is found to be constant it will have to be trans-
ferred to the genus Lithosia, being possibly the female of L. colon,
Muschl., and (E. quadra removed from the Indian list.

Jfab. Europe; Sikhim. Exp.9 <$ 46, $ 48 millim.

Genus CHRYSORABDIA.

Chrysorabdia, Butl Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 357.

Type, C. viridata, Wlk.

Range. Himalayas ; Assam ; Burma.

Palpi short and porrect. Antennae of male with the cilia and
bristles short. Fore wing very long and narrow ; veins 3 and 4
from end of cell ; 5 absent ; 6 from upper angle : 10 from areole,

7 from beyond it. Hind wing with vein 5 absent ; the cell open ;

8 from middle of cell. Males with a large patch of differently
formed scales on the fore wing near base of inner area.

1327. Chrysorabdia viridata, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 225 ; Moore, P. Z. S.

1878, p. 19, pi. 2, fig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 628.

Gnophria strigata, Moschler, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1872, p. 353 j C. §• S.
no. 627.

C? . Head, collar, and tegulse yellow ; thorax blue-black ; abdo-
men yellow with a fuscous tinge. Fore wing with a yellow band

along the costa not extending to
the base ; a broad blue-black

VPMH S^&as^^-<— ==7 subcostal band; a yellow band

below median nervure and vein 4 ;
a broad blue-black band near the
inner margin, which is yellow.
Hind wing pale yellow.
7Fi£-. 41- $ . Fore wing without the yel-

?£*» AvisvtisJsftrt O 1 *

blue-black band narrow and extending along the cos^a, in one
specimen not reaching the apex ; the lower blue-black band oblique
from the base to centre of outer margin.

Hal. Sikhim; Silhet. Exp., 3 40, ? 42-48 millim.

1328. Chrysorabdia bivitta, Wlk. Cut. vii, p. 1G82 ; C. Sr S. no. 626.
Lithosia disjuncta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 797 ; C. $ 6'.
no. 619.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow ; thorax with a black
spot on vertex and the tegulae metallic blue. Fore wing greyish
yellow; a narrow costal blue streak not reaching the apex; a
broad blue fascia in interno-median interspace interrupted by the
patch of scales being greyish yellow ; an elongate blue patch from
end of cell to near outer margin. Hind wing paler.

$ without the black spot on thorax or blue tegulae ; fore wing
with the costal fascia very broad, the medial fascia continuous.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Manipur ; Burma. Lxp., 3
50, $ 52-68 millim.

Genus THYSANOPTYX, nov.

Type, T. tetragona, "Wlk.

Range. Sikhim ; Silhet ; Naga Hills ; Nilgiris ; Borneo.

Palpi porrect, the second joint fringed with hair. Antennae
with the bristles and cilia long. Legs long. Fore wing long and
narrow ; male with a fringe of long scales in the base of cell on
upperside and a fold extending to the end of cell on underside :
female with vein 2 from middle of cell, which is long and narrow ;

THV.SAXOPTYX. — PTYOPTEEOTA. 75

3 and 4 on a short stalk ; 5 absent ; 6, 7, and 10 from the areole,
6 and 7 being curved; 11 anastomosing with 12: male, the cell
extremely narrow so as to distort the neuration; 11 not anasto-
mosing with 12. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 absent ;
6 and 7 from upper angle of cell ; 8 from middle of cell.

1329. Thysanoptyx tetragona, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 510 ; Butl. III. Het.

v, pi. 86, tig. 14; C. $ S. no. 612.
Teulisna tenuisigna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 24, pi. 2, fig. 13 ;

C. $ S. no. 611.
Teulisna sordida, Butl. III. Het. v, p. 39, pi. 86, fig. 15 ; C. 8? S.

no. 610.
Teulisna oblonga, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 355.

c? . Frons black ; head and collar white ; thorax and extremities
of tegulae black ; abdomen pale fuscous, the extremity ochreous.

.Fore wing white, with a large quadrate
black patch below the end of the cell ;
a postmedial black spot on the costa ;
the apical portion of costa and cilia
black. Hind wing pale ochreous.

$ with the fore wing suffused with
ochreous ; the black patch extending
Fig. 42. into the cell ; the postmedial spot

Thysanoptyx tetragonal . \. larger>

In the form oblonga from Borneo

the quadrate patch is smaller and the hind wing white ; sordida
has a black spot near the base of fore wing, the outer area of hind
wing suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Sikhim ; Silhet; Nagas; Nilgiris; Borneo. Exp., <3 30-34,
$ 36-38 millim.

Genus PTYOPTEROTA, nov.

Type, P. obscura, Hmpsn.

lianye. Burma.

<S . Palpi upturned, the second joint reaching vertex of head,
the third short ; antennaa minutely ciliated ; claspers of male
large ; spurs on tibiae long. Fore wing with the apex nearly rect-
angular ; vein 2 much curved at base ; 3 from before end of cell ;

4 and 5 from angle ; 8 and 9 anastomosing to form the areole ; a
large tuft of long scales from subcostal nervure on underside from
base to near end of cell. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from
angle of cell ; 5 absent ; 6 and 7 on a short stalk.

1330. Ptyopterota obscura, n. sp.

c? . Fore wing with a dark speck at base and spot above inner
margin before the middle ; obscure antemedial, medial, and post-
medial sinuous lines, the medial extending from costa to below
cell ; a black speck at end of cell ; an ill-defined submarginal

76

sinuous fuscous band. Hind wing pale fuscous ; the anal tuft
ochreous.

Fig. 43. — Ptyopterota obscura, <$ . §.

Hab. Tenasserim (Doherty). Exp. 20 millim. Type in coll.
Druce.

Genus PRABHASA.

Prabhasa, Moore, P. Z. S. ] 878, p. 25.
Zadadra, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 25.

Type, P. venosa, Moore.

Range. Sikhim ; Assam Hills ; Burma.

Palpi short and porrect; the first two joints clothed with long
hair. Antennae with the bristles long. Fore wing with vein 2
from beyond middle of cell ; veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 absent ;
6 and 7 straight ; male with a fringe of scales on upperside in the
cell, which is very narrow so as to distort the neuration. Hind
wing with veins 4, 5 and 6, 7 stalked ; 5 absent ; 8 from middle
of cell.

SECT. I. Fore wing with the apex subquadrate ; the inner margin
nearly straight ; vein 11 anastomosing with 12 : male with no
areole ; the fringe of long scales extending to end of cell.

1331. Prabhasa venosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 26, pi. 2, fig. 1C;

C. $ S. no. 622.

$ . Pale fuscous brown. Fore wing with an indistinct angulated
postmedial fuscous baud, and a more or less developed postmedial
spot on costa; the costa whitish from the base to the band.
Hind wing pale fuscous.

J with the fore wing uniform greyish brown ; the fringe of
scales leaden grey ; no postmedial spot on the costa.

Hab. Sikhim ; Jaintia and Naga Hills ; Burma. Exp. 37 millim.

1332. Prabhasa fhnbriata, n. sp.

<$ . Head ochreous; thorax and abdomen fuscous, the latter
with the anal tuft ochreous. Fore wing ochreous suffused with
fuscous ; the costal area and some indistinct streaks in the inter-
spaces ochreous ; a dark postmedial spot on the costa, with traces
of a band from it to inner margin, the fringe of scales in the cell
gilvery leaden grey. Hind wing suffused with fuscous.

PRABHASA. 77

£ much paler, with all the markings of the fore wing obsolescent.
Hab. Bernardmyo, Burma; E. Pegu (DoTierty). Exp.t <$ 30,
2 32 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

1333. Prabhasa flavicosta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 26, pi. 2, fig. 17;

C. $ S. no. 621.

5 • Differs from fimbriata in the thorax, abdomen, and fore
wing being dark brown ; fore wing with the yellow costal fascia
and postmedial black spot. Hind wing uniform brown.

Hab. Khasis. Exp. 34 millim.

SECT. II. Fore wing with the apex rounded ; the inner margin
arched; vein 11 not anastomosing with 12: male with the
fringe of long scales extending to end of cell, and no areole.

1334. Prabhasa plumbeomicans, n. sp.

d . Differs horn fimbriata in the fore wing being uniform leaden
grey ; a broad costal ochreous fascia with a small black postmedial
spot on it ; traces of a postmedial line ; the inner margin and cilia
ochreous. Hind wing ochreous, with the apical area fuscous.

2 with the postmedial spot of the fore wing larger, the band
more distinct ; the marginal interspaces streaked with ochreous ;
the hind wing more suffused with fuscous.

Hab. Naga Hills, 3000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 30 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

SECT. III. Fore wing with the apex acute; the inner margin
arched; vein 11 not anastomosing with 12: male with a
small areole ; the fringe of scales extending to half the
length of cell and a streak of small modified scales to its
extremity.

1335. Prabhasa fuscistriga, n. Sp.

cJ . Head and thorax brown ; abdomen ochreous. Tore wing
ochreous, thickly irrorated with brown scales ; the modified scales
filling the outer half of cell smoky black. Hind wing ochreous.

Hab. Bernardmyo, Burma, 6000 feet (Doherty}. Exp. 30
millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

SECT. IV. (Zadadra). Fore wing of male with the inner margin
highly arched and fringed with hair at base ; vein I b curved ;
the cell narrow, with a fringe of long scales from the subcostal
and from end of median nervure ; veins 2 to 11 all given off
near end of cell, vein 1 1 being remote from 12 ; an areole
present.

1336. Prabhasa distorta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 572, 1878, pi. 2,

fig. 15 ; C. $ S. no. 6:20.

3 . Head orange-yellow ; thorax brown ; abdomen fuscous, with

78 AECTIID^E.

the anal tuft ochreous. Fore wing leaden grey ; a blackish post-
in edial spot on the costa and traces of a postmedial band; the
inner margin pale. Hind wing yellowish grey.

Fig. 44. — Prabhasa distuita,

$ . Head whitish ; fore wing with pale streaks in the marginal
interspaces ; the costa whitish ; the postmedial spot large and the
band more distinct. Hind wing yellowish white.

Hob. Sikhini ; Naga Hills. Exp. 55 inilliin.

Genus LOPHONEURA, nov.

Type, L. uniformis, Hmpsn.

Mange. Burma.

Palpi short and porrect. Antennse with the cilia and bristles
long. Fore wing long and narrow ; a fan of long scales from the
median nervure at middle of cell, which is long and narrow ;
veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 absent ; 6 from below angle of cell ; 7
and 10 from angle; 8 and 9 stalked; 11 not anastomosing with
12. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 absent; 7 from
before angle of cell ; 8 from middle of cell.

1337. Lophoneura uniformis, n. sp.

c? . Uniform pale ochreous ; the fan of scales on fore wing
slightly brighter in colour.

Fig. 45. — Lophoneura uniformis,

Hob. Tenasserim Valley (Doherty). Exp. 26 millim. Type in
coll. Druce.

L1THOSIA. 79

Genus LITHOSIA.

Lithosia, Fair. Ent. Syst. SuppL p. 459 (1798).

Systropha, Hiibn. Verz. p. 165 (1818).

Eilema, Hubn. Verz. p. 165.

Manulea, Wallengr. Wien. ent. Monats. vii, p. 145 (1863).

Cossa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 232 (1865).

Gandhara, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 15.

Collita, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 16.

Katha, 'Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 16.

Polgoma, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 20.

Brunia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 15.

Capissa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 19.

Tarika, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 14.

Macotasa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 24.

Type, L. complana, Linn., from Europe.

lianye. Universally distributed.

Palpi short and porrect ; antennae ciliated. Fore wing with the
cell shorter and broader ; vein 2 from beyond the middle ; 3 and 4
stalked ; 5 absent ; 6 from below angle, from angle, or beyond ib ;
9 arising from 10 and forming an areole or stalked with 7 and 8 ;
11 free or anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with veins 3, 4
and 6, 7 stalked ; 5 absent ; 8 from middle of cell.

SECT. I. Fore wing with vein 9 anastomosing with
8 to form an areole.

1338. Lithosia varana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 797; C. $ S. no. 577.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; the last with the terminal
segments yellow. Wings white with a fleshy tinge. Underside
of fore wing wholly suffused with fuscous except the margins.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 38 millim.

1339. Lithosia nivea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 15 ; C. $ S. no. 576.

Differs from varana in the head, collar, and base of tegulaB being
pale yellow. Wings pure white ; the costa of fore wing narrowly
yellow.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp., <$ 38, $ 40 millim.

1340. Lithosia calamaria, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 18 ; C. $ S. no. 585.
Systropha dorsalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 18 ; C. $ S. no. 587.

cJ . Uniform ochreous. Underside with the whole fore wing,
except the margins and apex of hind wing, suffused with fuscous.
Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exp. 32 millim.

1341. Lithosia antica, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 505; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii,

pi. 101, fig. 3 ; C.$S. no. 624.
Lithosia natara, Moore, Cat. E. I. Co. p. 304.
Lithosia sarawaca, Butl. Trans. Ent. 6'oc. 1877, p. 350.

80

Head, collar, and base of tegulae yellow ; thorax leaden grey ;
abdomen fuscous suffused with yellow. Tore wing leaden grey .
a yellow stripe along the costa reaching the apex ; the cilia yellow

Fig. 46. — LitJiosia antica, <$ . |.

Hind wing yellow. Underside uniformly suffused with yellow ;
some specimens with the fore wing leaden grey, the costa only
yellow.

Differs from complana in wanting the broad yellow marginal
band of fore wing on underside.

Hob. Sikhim : Khasis ; Ceylon ; Nicobars ; Borneo ; Java.
Exp. 24-33 millim.

SECT. II. Pore wing with vein 9 stalked with 7 and 8.

A. Fore wing with the outer margin of moderate length.

a. Male without secondary sexual characters on the fore wing.

1342. Lithosia fumidisca, n. sp.

5 . Differs from antica in the thorax and fore wing being much
darker fuscous brown ; the latter with the outer margin as well as
the costa and cilia yellow. Hind wing orange-yellow. Underside
of fore wing fuscous, the costa and outer margin yellow.

Hob. Sikhim (Holler); Tenasserim Valley (Doherty). Exp. 24
millim. Type in coll. Druce.

1343. Lithosia griseola, Hiibn. Eur. Schmett. ii, fig. 97.

Lithosia serva, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 506; Moore, P. Z. S. 1878,

p. 15, pi. 1, fig. 7 ; C.fyS. no. 613.

Lithosia adaucta, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xx, 1877, p. 398.
Lithosia segrota, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xx, 1877, p. 397.
Collita lilacina, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 16 ; C. fy S. no. 578.

cJ . Differs from antica in being paler. Fore wing broader ;
pale grey with the costal stripe narrow. Hind wing yellowish
white. Underside grey ; the costa of fore wing yellowish.

Hob. Europe ; Japan ; Nepal ; Sikhim. Exp. 34 millim.

1344. Lithosia fuscicilia, n. sp.

Differs from antica in the thorax being dark leaden grey ;
the collar and tegulse with a narrow yellow band. Fore wing

LITHOSIA. 81

broad, dark leaden grey ; the costal stripe very narrow ; cilia
leaden grey and silvery grey at tips. Hind wing darker yellow,
the veins fuscous. Underside of fore wing leaden grey, with a
diffused yellow costal band.

Hob. Sikhim (Elwes} ; Manipur ; Burma (Doherty}. Exp.
'38 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

1345. Lithosia prabana, Moore, Cat. E. I. Co. p. 304.

Collita parva, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 16, pi. 1, fig. 13; C. $ S.
no. 579.

Thorax, abdomen, and wings smoky black ; the head, collar, anal
tufts, and costa and cilia of fore wing yellow.

Hal. Sikhim; E. Pegu; Sumatra; 'Java. Exp., <$ 20, $ 25
millim.

1346. Lithosia chota, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 293, pi. 20, fi°\ 11 ;

C. $8. no. 625.

£ . Uniform brownish fuscous ; fore wing with a slight glossy
tone.

Hub. Poona. Exp. 18 millim.

1347. Lithosia brunnea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 20, pi. 2, fig. 8 ;

C. $ S. no. 596.

$ . Head, thorax, and fore wing uniform dark brown ; abdomen
and hind wing fuscous.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 27 millim.

1348. Lithosia auriflua, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 18, pi. 2, fig. 7 ;

C. # S. no. 586.

c? . Pale straw-yellow ; the hind wing slightly paler. The cell
of the fore wing is very narrow especially towards the base, and the
veins are bent up towards the costa ; veins 3 and 4 of fore wing
and 3, 4 and 6, 7 of hind wing are on very long stalks.

Hab. Kulu ; Manipur. Exp. 30 millim.

1349. Lithosia microxantha, n. sp.

Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow. Fore wing deep
orange-yellow ; hind wing paler.

Differs from simplex, W\k. = decreta, Butl., from Borneo, in the
fore wing being considerably broader and more rounded at apex.

Hab. E. Pegu (Doherty}. Exp., <S 20, $ 23 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

1350. Lithosia nigripars, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1779; C. $ S. no. 592.

$ . Head and thorax yellowish white ; abdomen fuscous, clothed
with white hairs, the extremity ochreous. Fore wing vellowish
white, irrorated with a few fuscous scales ; the costa, outer margin,
and base of cilia orange-yellow. Hind wing dirty white ; the outer
margin tinged with yellow. Underside suffused with fuscous*

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 34 millim.
VOL. n. G

82 AECTIID^E.

*1351. Lithosia? colon, Moschler, Stettin. Ent. Zeit. 1872, p. 353;
C. $ S. no. 617.

Head and tegulae straw-yellow; thorax grey with a lilac tinge ;
abdomen with grey hairs on the back, the extremity yellow ; legs
yellow, banded with grey ; tarsi grey. Pore wing reddish grey ;
the base and costa tinged with golden yellow ; a prominent black
medial spot on the costa, and another on vein 2 ; cilia yellow.
Hind wing yellow. Underside of fore wing with broad yellow
edges and showing the spots of upperside.

Hal. Silhet. Exp. 39 inillhn.

1352. Lithosia reticulata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 798 ; C. fy S. no. 598.

5 , Head and thorax pale brown ; a dark speck at end of tegulae ;
abdomen fuscous, the extremity ochreous. JFore wing pale brown,
rrorated with fuscous scales ; a diffused angulate dark brown
medial band. Hind wing ochreous.
Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 34 millim.

1353. Lithosia cuMtifera, n. sp.

$ . Differs from reticulata in being slightly irrorated with fus-
cous ; the postmedial band doubly curved, the upper part incurved,
the lower excurved in the interno-median interspace.

One specimen is much more suffused with fuscous than the
other.

Hal. Naga Hills, 3000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 20-23 millim.
Type in coll. Elwes.

1354. Lithosia angulifera, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 106, fig. 12 ; C. $ S.

no. 595.

$ . Differs from reticulata in the head, thorax, and fore wing
being bright ochreous, without fuscous irroration. Hind wing
pale yellow.

Hob. Sikhim ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 29 millim.

1355. Lithosia obliterans, Feld. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1868,

p. 285; C. fy S. no. 597.

Differs from reticulata in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
purplish grey without fuscous suffusion. Fore wing with the
angulate band more prominent and less diffused. Hind wing
pale ochreous with a fuscous tinge.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 30 millim.

1356. Lithosia brevipennis, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 509 ; Hmpsn. III. Het.

viii, pi. 139, figs. 2, 11 ; C. $ S. no. 580.

3 . Head yellowish ; thorax and fore wing uniform yellowish
brown ; abdomen and hind wing pale yellow.

$ bright yellow ; abdomen and hind wing paler.
Hob. Kilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp., <5 28, $ 30 millim.

LITHOSIA. 83

1357. Lithosia punctifera, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 80, pi. 1 58, figs. 21-23.
Systropha fuscipes, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 80 ($ ).

<$ . Differs from brevipennis in the fore wing having a dark spot
at end of cell.

$ smaller and paler than that sex of brevipennis.
Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 20 millim.

1358. Lithosia conformis, Wlk. Cat. ii. p. 509 ; C. # S. no. 61

$ . Differs from brevipennis in having the head black ; the ab-
domen fuscous. Fore wing broader and brownish yellow.
Hab. N. India. Exp. 36 millim.

1359. Lithosia basigera, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 233 ; Hmpsn. III. Het.

viii, pi. 143, tig. 1 ; C.Sf S. no. 600.

Cossa ruma, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 403 ; Hmpsn. El. Het. vii
pi. 143, fig. 8.

cJ . Frons orange ; head and thorax dark fuscous ; abdomen
fuscous, the extremity ochreous. Fore wing fuscous ; the costa
orange ; a basal fuscous patch on a white fascia on basal half of costa ;
an indistinct fuscous medial band angled inwards ; a very indistinct
waved postmedial line. Hind wing yellow with an orange tinge.

$ with the costal patch of the fore wing joined to the angulate
medial band.

Hab. Mahableshwar; Nilgiris. Exp., <$ 30-38, $ 34-44 millim.

1360. Lithosia pallida, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 21; C. $ S. no. 605.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown. Fore wing pale
brown ; black antemedial and medial patches on the costa ; a speck
at lower angle of cell, another below the cell on vein 1 ; faint traces
of a submarginal band. Hind wing pale ochreous, with traces of
a submarginal band.

2 with the antemedial patch on costa of fore wing obsolescent.
Hab. Kangra. Exp., 3 32, $ 36 millim.

1361. Lithosia nebecula, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 394 ; C.$S. no. 603.

$ . Differs from pallida in the thorax and abdomen being
blackish. Wings duller grey ; fore wing with one postmedial black
spot on the costa ; the apex and parts of marginal area suffused
with black.

Hab. Andamans. Exp. 31 millim.

1362. Lithosia quadrisignata, Moore, P. Z.S. 1878, p. 21, pi. 2, fig. 10 ;

C. $ S. no. 604.

Head, collar, and abdomen pale brown ; thorax darker. Fore
wing pale brown, with autemedial and medial oblique black streaks
from the costa ; a dark streak below median nervure and another

G2

84

on inner margin ; a small spot at end of cell, and ill-defined sub-
marginal and marginal bands.
Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 32 millim.

b. (Macotasa). Fore wing of male with a fringe of long scales in the
basal half of cell, which is very narrow ; veins 3 and 4 lent
downwards ; vein 2 anastomosing with 3.

1363. Lithosia tortricoides, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 107.
Teulisna biplagella, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 355.
Macotasa biplagella, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 25, pi. 2, fig. 14.

J . Head pale ochreous ; tborax brown ; abdomen fuscous,
with tbe anal tuft ochreous. Fore wing yellowish fuscous ; the
costa whitish, with a large black patch at centre. Hind wing
with the base yellowish ; the outer area fuscous.

$ with the costal black spot of fore wing smaller and further
from the base ; the costa black at apex.

Hob. Sikhim ; Mlgiris ; Borneo ; Java. Exp. 30 millim.

B. Fore wing narrow, with the outer margin shorter.
a. Male without patches of modified scales on fore and hind wings.

1364. Lithosia intermixta, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 229 ; Hmpsn. III. Het.

ix, pi. 158, fig. 1 ; C. Sf S. no. 582.

c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing uniform brownish yellow ;
abdomen and hind wing pale yellow.

Hob. Nilgiris; Ceylon; Ajidamans. Exp., 6 25-28, $ 22
millim.

1365. Lithosia nigrifrons, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 572 ; C.$S. no. 583.
Lithosia Isevis, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xx, 1877, p. 398.

Frons fuscous ; head, collar, and tegulse orange-yellow ; thorax
and basal segments of abdomen whitish, the terminal segments
orange. Fore wing fleshy white ; the apex and cilia orange-yellow.
Hind wing white ; the outer area pale yellow.

The form Icevis from Japan has the underside of the fore wing
slightly suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Japan ; Kangra ; Sikhim ; Nagas. Exp. 38 millim.

1366. Lithosia cucullata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 17 ^ C. $ S. no. 581.

3 . Head and thorax black ; abdomen grey at base, orange-
yellow towards extremity. Fore wing flesh-colour, the outer
margin suffused with fuscous; costa at apex and cilia yellow.
Hind wing flesh-colour with a yellow tinge.

Hal. Andamans. Exp. 28 millim.

1367. Lithosia euchana, Swinh. A. M. N. H. (6) xii, p. 216.
Greyish white ; head and vertex of thorax orange ; collar,

tegulse, and metathorax spotted with black ; abdomen orange

LITHOSIA. 85

towards extremity ; fore wing with postmedial dark spots above
veins 2 and 4 ; outer margin of both wings orange.
Hob. Shan States. Exp., <S 44, $ 52 millim.

1368. Lithosia terminalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 17, pi. 1, fig. 14 ;

C. fy S. no. 584.
Katha ? semif usca, Elw. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 388, pi. 32, fig. 9.

J . Head and thorax black ; collar grey ; tegulae fringed with
grey ; abdomen grey, the terminal segments ochreous. Fore wing
yellowish grey, with a broad black submarginal band. Hind wing
pale yellow.

In the form semifusca the black submarginal band extends in-
wards to the end of the cell.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 34 millim.

1369. Lithosia fasciata, Moore. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 20, pi. 2, fig. 4

C. Sf S. no. 589.

c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing bright orange-yellow. Fore
wing with the inner area suffused with brown scales from the base
to near outer margin. Abdomen and hind wing paler.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 31 millim.

1370. Lithosia pallens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. ]9, pi. 2, fig. 3;

C. $ S. no. 593.

<5 . Head and thorax bright ochreous. Pore wing glossy yel-
lowish white ; the costa blackish at base ; the outer margin yellow.
Hind wing pale ochreous. Underside of fore wing suffused with
fuscous, except the marginal area.

$ uniformly paler ; the head and thorax yellowish white.

Hob. Kangra; Kurseong; Sikhim. Exp., <3 40, $ 42 millim.

b. (Capissa). Fore wing of male with a fold and streak of modified
scales along median nervure and vein 2. Hind wing with a
patch of modified scales covering the whole disk.

1371. Lithosia vagesa, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 304; C. $• S. no. 594.
Lithosia innotata, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 352 ; Moore,

P. Z. S. 1878, pi. 2, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 591.
Capissa auriflava, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 19 ; C. $ S. no. 588.
Capissa flavens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 20 ; C. Sf S. no. 590.

Uniform bright ochreous ; the extremity of abdomen orange.
c? with the patches of modified scales on fore and hind wing
orange.

The form innotata = auriflava from the N.W. Himalayas and
Nepal has the legs banded with black ; in the Eastern form vagesa
they are wholly black.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas; Nepal; Sikhim; Khasis. Exp. 43
millim.

86 AECTIIDJE.

Genus MITHUNA.
Mithuna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 21.

Type, M. quadriplaga, Moore.

Range. Sikhim.

Palpi short and porrect. Antennae minutely ciliated in male.
Fore wing long, the outer margin erect ; veins 3 and 4 on a long
stalk; 5 absent; 6 from angle of cell; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11
anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 on a long
stalk ; 5 absent ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from centre of cell.

1372. Mithuna quadriplaga, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 21, pi. 2, fig. 9 ;
C. 8f S. no. 599.

$ . Head, thorax, and fore wing yel-
lowish brown, irrorated with fuscous ;
fore wing with an indistinct medial
fuscous band, angled at lower ex-
tremity of cell ; a similar submarginal
nearly straight band. Abdomen and

Fig. V. -Mithuna guadri- ^ind f n| Pale fuS£°U%,

plaga, $. \. H<d>. Sikbim. Exp. 26 millim.

Genus TEULISNA.

Teulisna, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 109 (1862).
Core ura, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 110.
Tegulata, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 110.
Ityca, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1889 (1866).

Type, T.plagiata, "Wlk., from Borneo.

Range. Ceylon ; Mlgiris ; Sikhim ; Assam ; Burma ; Malacca ;
Borneo ; Java.

Palpi short, porrect, and clothed with long hair. Antennae of
male with the cilia and bristles short. Fore wing triangular, with
the apex acute ; the outer margin nearly erect ; a fringe of long
scales in the basal part of the cell on the upperside ; veins 3 and
4 stalked ; 5 absent ; 6, 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10 from cell ; no areole ;
11 anastomosing with 12 : male with the median nervure bent, the
outer part of the cell narrow, and the neuration somewhat dis-
torted. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 and 6, 7 stalked ; 5 absent ;
8 from middle of cell : male with a patch of modified scales at base
of median nervure ; the cell short and discocellulars oblique.

SECT. I. Fore wing with the costal lobe present in both sexes.

1373. Teulisna tumida, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 110.

Tegulata basistriga, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 22, pi. 2, fig. 5 ;

C. $ S. no. 607.
Ityca humeralis, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1890.

cJ . Head, thorax, and basal segments of abdomen pale brown,

TEULISNA. 87

the terminal segments black. Tore wing pale brown, with a

purplish tinge and suffused
with fuscous ; a black streak
on the base of costa, and a
large black spot at end of cell
Hind wing yellowish, suf-
fused with fuscous towards
outer margin.

Fig. 48.— Teulisna tumida, $. \. $ with the abdomen fus-

cous ; the anal tuft ochreous ;

fore wing with the black spot at end of cell reduced to a minute

speck.

Hob* Ceylon ; Malacca ; Borneo. Exp. 28 millim.

1374. Teulisna protuberans, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 23, pi. 2, fig. 6;

C. 8f S. no. 608.

$ . Differs from tumida in the fore wing being without the basal
streak on the costa ; the lobe further from the base, with a large
black spot on the costa just before it ; a black speck at end of cell.
Hind wing yellow.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 32 millim.

1375. Teulisna obliquistria, n. sp.

cT . Differs from tumida in the terminal segments of the abdo-
men being fuscous. Fore wing slightly irrorated with fuscous,
the subbasal costal patch fuscous ; the spot at end of cell minute
and nearly joined to an oblique stria from the costa. Hind wing
uniform brownish ochreous.

£ . Fore wing with a narrow costal streak ; no oblique streak ;
a black streak along middle of inner margin ; outer area of hind
wing suffused with fuscous.

Hab. Sikhim (Moller}; Momeit, Burma (Doherty). Exp. 28
millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. Fore wing with the costal lobe absent.

1376. Teulisna inducta, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 232 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. viii,
pi. 143, fig. 15 ; C. 8f S. no. 602.

c? . Differs from tumida in the frons being ochreous ; head,
thorax, and abdomen fuscous, the last with the extremity blackish.
Fore wing narrower, fuscous ; the basal costal patch large and
dark fuscous, the fringe of scales below it and a patch on costa
bejond it white; traces of darker medial and postmedial diffused
bands. Hind wing uniform pale yellow.

£ with the fore wing uniform fuscous, except a whitish streak
below the costa and dark speck at end of cell.

Hab. Nilgiri plateau. Exp., S 30, $ 30-42 millim.

88 ARCTIID.E.

J 377. Teulisna uniplaga, n. sp.

£ . Prons black. Head, collar, and tegulae yellowish white ;
thorax black ; abdomen fuscous, with the extremity ochreous.
Tore wing whitish, suffused writh fuscous ; a blackish speck above
inner margin near the base ; a large quadrate black medial patch
from upper part of cell to inner margin, its angle towards the
apex excised ; a postmedial black speck on the costa. Hind wing
uniform fuscous.

Hob. Margharita, Assam ; E. Pegu ; Tenasserim Valley (Doherty).
Exp. 25 milliin. Type in coll. Druce.

Genus NISHADA.
Nishada, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 23.

Type, N.flabrifera, Moore.

Range. Calcutta; Ceylon; Burma; Sumatra; Borneo.

Palpi short and porrect, the second joint fringed with long
hair. Antennae of male with cilia and bristles, the upper surface
covered with rough scales. Pore wing broad ; the costa much
arched ; a large smooth patch on the inner area of underside for
the articulation of the hind wing ; vein 5 absent ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ;
11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing of male with a costal fold,
from which projects a fringe of large scales ; vein 4 absent ; female
with veins 3, 4 and 6, 7 stalked ; 5 absent ; 8 from middle of cell.

SECT. I. Male with the basal half of antenna not thickened. Pore
wing with veins 3 and 4 from cell ; 6 from below the angle ;
10 absent. Hind wing with vein 6 absent.

1378. Nishada flabrifera, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 23 ; C. $ S. n. 609.

J . Head smoky black ; thorax yellowish brown ; abdomen
ochreous, the second segment almost bare of scales and showing
the dark cuticle. Pore wing uniform yellowish brown. Hind
wing ochreous.

Hob. Calcutta ; Ceylon. Exp. 30 millirn.

SECT. II. Male with the basal half of antennaB thickened. Pore
wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 6 from angle of cell ; 10
present. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked, or 6 absent.

1379. Nishada rotundipennis, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 104.
Lithosia nodicornia, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 104.
Lithosia chilomorpha, Snell. Tijd. v. Ent. xx, p. 67, pi. 5, fig. 1.

c? . Differs from flabrifera in the vertex of head being yellow-
brown. Underside of fore wing with a black band along the
apical half of outer margin.

NISHADA. — GAMPOLA. 89

$ with the frons yellow and the second segment of abdomen
clothed with scales.

Fig. 49. — Nishada rotundipennis, <$ . \.

The Burmese male has the second segment of abdomen clothed
with scales.

Hob. E. Pegu ; Sumatra ; Borneo. Exp. 26-34 millim.

Genus GAMPOLA.
Ganipola, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 26.

Type, 6r. fasciata, Moore.

Range. Ceylon.

Palpi short, porrect, and clothed with long hair. Antennae
with the cilia and bristles long. Mid tibia) with one pair of spurs ;
hind tibiae with two pairs. Tegulse of male fringed with long hair.
Fore wing broad and much distorted, the apex folded over; a
fringe of long scales on the upperside from the basal part of the
costa ; the inner margin distorted and fringed with long scales
towards outer angle ; the cell narrow and occupying the centre of
the wing ; vein 1 6 reaching inner margin before the angle ; 3 and 4
from the cell ; 5 absent ; 6 from below the angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ;
11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing broad and much distorted ;
the cell broad and long ; veins 4 and 5 absent ; 6 and 7 from the
upper angle.

2 with the wings of normal shape ; fore wing with veins 3 and
4 stalked ; 5 absent ; 6 from below angle of cell ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ;
11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 absent ;
6 and 7 stalked.

1380. Gampola fasciata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 27, pi. 2, fig. 18 ;
C. S. no. 623.

Fig. 50. — Gampola fasciata, <$ . j.

c? . Brownish fuscous ; the anal tuft ochreous ; the costa and
apex of fore wing ochreous ; hind wing pale.

90 AECTIID^E.

$ with an indistinct angled fuscous band just beyond the
middle of fore wing ; some dark marks on outer margin.
Hob. Ceylon. Exp., $ 28, $ 34 millim.

1381. Gampola binotata, Hmpsn. EL Het. ix, p. 81, pi. 158, fig. 24.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale fuscous, the anal tuft
ochreous. Fore wing pale fuscous, irrorated with brown scales ;
a dark spot at end of cell, and another below vein 2. Hind wing
paler.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 18 millim.

Genus SIMAREEA.
Simareea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 14.

Type, S. basinota, Moore.

Range. Himalayas.

Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head. Antennae with the
cilia and bristles long. Fore wing with veins 3 and 4 from angle
of cell ; 5 absent ; 6 from upper angle ; 7 and 10 from areole or
7 from beyond it ; 11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with
veins 3, 4 and 6, 7 stalked ; 5 absent ; 8 from before middle of
cell.

1382. Simareea basinota, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 798 ; 1878, pi. 1,

fig. 16; C.8FS. no. 614.
Simareea lurida, Bull. 111. Het. vii, p. 34, pi. 122, fig. 10.

Head, thorax, and fore wing dark hair-brown, irrorated with
pale brown hairs and scales ; fore wing with a pale spot at base of
inner margin. Hind wing pale fuscous ; the outer margin darker.

Fig. 51. — Simareea basinota, <$ . j.

Abdomen pale fuscous, the terminal segments yellow. Underside
of fore wing with a fulvous streak in the cell.

The form lurida from Kangra has the hind wing paler, with a
fulvous patch below the costa on upperside.

Nab. Kangra ; Sikhim. Exp. 48-52 millim.

HEMONIA. — ^EMENE. 91

Genus HEMONIA.
Hemonia, Wlk. Cat. xxviii, p. 425 (1863).

Type, H. orbiferana, Wlk.
Range. Ceylon ; Borneo.

Palpi slight and porrect ; antennae ciliated in male. Pore wing
very broad and rounded ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and

5 stalked ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8, 9, 10, 11 nearly erect, 11 anasto-
mosing with 12. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked, 3 absent ;

6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from near end of cell.

1383. Hemonia orbiferana, Wlk. Cat. xxviii, p. 426.

Pitane rotundata, Snell. Tijd. v. Ent. 1879, p. 90, pi. 10, fig. 6.

Head, thorax, and fore wing dark purplish grey ; the last with
a fulvous speck on an ochreous ground at end of cell ; a dark line

J?ig. 52.— Hemonia orbiferana, <$. \.

from the centre of costa to near apex, then curved round to outer
angle. Abdomen and hind wing pale fuscous ; in Bornean speci-
mens white.

Hob. Ceylon ; Borneo. Exp. 17-24 millim.

Genus JEMENE.

^mene, Wlk. Cat. 11, p. 541 (1854).
Panassa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 607 (1865).
Autoceras, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 106, fig. 24 (1875).

Type, £1. taprobanis, Wlk.

Range. Japan ; throughout India and Ceylon.

Palpi porrect, reaching beyond the frons. Antennae serrate in
male, ciliated in female. Pore wing short ; vein 3 from before
angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from close to angle ; 6 from below upper
angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 from close
to the angle ; 3 absent ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from middle of cell.

SECT. I. Pore wing broad, the apex rounded.
1384. JEmene grisea, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 81, pi. 158, fig. 2.

tf . Silvery grey. Pore wing with an indistinct nearly straight
erect medial line ; a prominent black speck at end of cell ; an
indistinct postmedial line excurved round end of cell ; three black
specks on the margin below the apex and one at outer angle.
Hab. Ceylon. JEatp. 14 millim.

92 AECTIID^E.

1385. JEmene taprobanis, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 542 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl ii,

pi. 104, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 715.
Panassa cingalesa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 607.
Autoceras grammopkora, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 106, fig. 24.
^Emene subcinerea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 34; C. 8f S. no. 714.
^Emene sordida, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 372 ; C. $ S.

no. 713.

jEmene quinquefascia, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 52, pi. 140, fig. 15.
^Einene sinuata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 34, pi. 3, fig. 11 ; C. $ S.

no. 712.

Head and thorax grey ; tegulae usually with a black speck.
Fore wing grey, more or less suffused with fuscous ; waved sub-
basal, antemedial, medial, and postmedial black lines, the last
excurved round the end of the cell, then bent inwards to near the
medial band and with some diffused
streaks beyond it ; a series of marginal
specks ; a black spot at centre of cell
and another at end of it. Hind wing
pale, more or less suffused with fuscous.
The form sordida is brownish with a
r 53 very slight fuscous tinge, the hind wing

JEmene taprobanis, rf . \. almost pure white; quinquefascia from
the Nilgiris is a very dark form, the

body and wings much suffused with fuscous, the fore wing with
the streaks beyond the postmedial line forming a connected band.
Some specimens from Sikhim have the markings of fore wing
fuscous instead of black.

Hab. Kan gra ; Sikhim ; Nagas ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp.,3 18-
24, $ 24-30 millim.

1386. JEmene maculifascia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 33, pi. 3, fig. 10;

C. # tf.no. 711.

J . Differs from taprobanis in the ground-colour of head, thorax,
and fore wing being pure white. Fore wing with a broad fuscous
band inside the postmedial curved line ; the submarginal series of
specks straighter and starting from a dark blotch ou the costa
before the apex. Hind wing with traces of a speck at end of cell
and postmedial line.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 16 millim.

1387. 2Emene guttulosana, Wlk. Cat. xxviii, p. 429 ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. ii, pi. 104, fig. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 710.

Differs from taprobanis in the ground-colour being clear ochreous
without fuscous suffusion ; the lines of the fore wing broken up
into small spots.

Hab. Bengal; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp., 3 18, $ 20 millim.

1388. JEmene nilgirica, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 51, pi. 140, fig. 1.
^Emene cinereicolor, ILmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 61, pi. 140, tig. 8.

.ffiMENE. — COSTARCHA. 93

Head and thorax greyish fuscous. Fore wing grey, irrorated
with black scales ; a black basal patch on the costa ; antemedial
and medial costal spots ; a spot at centre of cell and another at
end of it ; a patch on costa before the apex ; traces of antemedial,
medial, and postmedial waved lines ; a marginal series of black
specks. Abdomen and hind wing pale fuscous.

The form nilgirica from the plateau has the markings of fore
wing reduced ; whilst cinereicolor from the lower slopes has them
large and prominent.

Bab. Nilgiris. Exp. 19 millim.

1389. JEmene tenebrosa, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 34 ; c.fy S. no. 716.

Head, thorax, and fore wing dark fuscous powdered with grey.
Pore wing with indistinct subbasal, antemedial, medial, postmedial,
and submarginal maculate bands; dark spots at middle and end of
cell. Abdomen and hind wing paler.

Hob. Bombay ; Mhow. Exp., 3 18, $ 20 millim.

1390. JEmene multipnncta, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 81, pi. 158, fig. 3.

Head and collar grey ; thorax and abdomen fuscous. Fore wing
whitish grey ; two subbasal black specks ; a diffused medial band
broken at middle ; two black specks at end of cell ; a submarginal
curved series of specks and marginal series ; a fuscous patch on
costa before the apex. Hind wing fuscous.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 18 millim.

SECT. II. Fore wing narrower, the apex more acute.

1391. JEmene sagittifera, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 392; Butl. III. Het.

vii, pi. 122, fig. 12.

Head and thorax white. Fore wing white ; two black spots at
base, one on costa, the other on vein 1 ; antemedial, medial, post-
medial, and marginal series of black specks ; a black streak at
end of cell with one above it on costa ; a black streak at end of
cell, and patch on costa before the apex. Abdomen and hind wing
pale fuscous.

Hob. Kaugra ; Sikhim. Exp. 20 millim.

Genus COSTARCHA.
Costarcha, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 53 (1891).

Type, C. indistincta, Hinpsn.

Range. Nilgiris.

Palpi minute and porrect. Antennae of male bipectinate, the
branches short. Tibiae with the spurs long. Fore wing with the
costa highly arched, the outer margin straight; veins 4 and 5 from
angle of cell ; 6 absent ; 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 4
and 5 from angle of cell ; 3 and 6 absent ; 8 from middle of cell.

94

ARCTIID.E.

1392. Costarcha indistincta, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 53, pi. 140

fig. 22.

3 . Pale fuscous. Fore wing irrorated with dark brown scales ;
oblique indistinct antemedial, medial, postmedial, and subapical

Fig. 54. — Costarcha indistincta, <$ . \.

strigaa from the costa ; an indistinct submarginal line ; a marginal
series of specks.

Hob. Mlgiris. Exp. 25 millim.

Genus OXACME, nov.

Type, 0. dissimilis, Hmpsn.

Range. Sikhirn.

$ . Palpi minute and porrect ; antennas simple. Fore wing
with the costa straight to the end of vein 12, then truncate and
produced to a point at veins 7 and 8 ; outer margin produced to
a point at veins 4 and 5, then excised to outer angle; vein 2
curved ; 3, 4, 5 from near angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle ;
7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing slightly angled at veins 3 and 4; vein 5
absent ; 6 and 7 on a long stalk ; 8 from beyond middle of cell.

1393. Oxacme dissimilis, n. sp.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous ; anal tuft ochreous.
Fore wing fuscous, two black spots on
the costa before middle, an indistinct
obliquely curved line arising from the
outer spot; a broad diffused medial
dark band ; a postmedial curved series
of black specks starting from a some-
what prominent spot on the costa ; a
series of short black lines on the outer
margin. Hind wing pale fuscous, the
apex somewhat darker.
Exp. 18 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

Fig. 55.
Oxacme dissimilis, $.

Hob. Sikhirn.

{.

Genus UTRICULIFERA.

Utriculofera, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 81.

Type, V. fuscapex, Hmpsn.
Rangv. Ceylon.

Palpi porrect and reaching beyond the frontal tuft. Antennae
of male with a very large hollowed-out vesicle after the basal joint,

TTTRICULIFERA. NAEASODES.

95

the terminal portion ciliated ; the abdomen with a pair of lateral
tufts of long hair from the third segment. Tibiae with the spurs
long. Eore wing with the costa arched near the base ; the outer
margin straight ; the inner margin of male with a basal fold con-
taining tufts of hair ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5
from close to angle ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked.
Hind wing with vein 4 from angle of cell ; 5 from above angle ;
3 absent ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from near end of cell.

1394. Utriculifera fuscapex, Hmpsn. Ill Set. ix, p. 82, pi. 158,
figs. 7, 17.

Brownish grey. Pore wing with the costa dark in parts ; the

Fig. 56. — Utriculifera fuscapex, J. f.

inner basal area suffused with brown ; two dark specks beyond
the cell ; the apex suffused with fuscous.

Hab. Nawala-pittia, Ceylon. Exp. 16 millim.

Genus NARASODES.
Narasodes, Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii, p. 535 (1887).

Type, N. punctana, Wlk.

Range. Ceylon.

Palpi slender, porrect, and reaching beyond the frontal tuft.
Antennae minutely ciliated in male. Fore wing with a slight
raised tuft of scales in the cell ; veins 3, 4, 5 from angle of cell ;

6 absent ; 7 and 8 stalked, 9 and 10 free. Hind wing with vein 4
from angle of cell ; 5 from above the angle ; 3 absent ; 6 and

7 stalked ; 8 from middle of cell.

1395. Narasodes punctana, Wlk. Cat. xxviii, p. 431 ; Moore, Lep.
Ceyl. iii. pi. 211, fig. 7.

cJ . Head and thorax ochreous.
Fore wing suffused with reddish
brown except the margins, which are
ochreous ; a raised tuft of dark scales
at end of cell, a few scattered black
scales near vein 1 ; some minute
black specks at apex. Abdomen and
hind wing pale fuscous.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 16 milliin.

Fig. 57.

Narasodes punctana,

96 AECTIIDJE.

Genus DIDUGA.

Diduga, Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii, p. 535 (1887).
Androstigma, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 82 (1893).

Type, D. costata, Moore.

Range. Nilgiris ; Ceylon.

Palpi slender and obliquely porrect. Tibiae with the spurs long.
Fore wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from the
angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7 and 8 stalked. Hind wing with
vein 4 from angle of cell ; 5 from above the angle ; 3 absent ;
6 and 7 stalked. Fore wing of male with a costal fold acting
as the retinaculum.

SECT. I. (Diduga}. Antennae of male ciliated. Hind wing with
no patch of differently-formed scales near anal angle.

1396. Diduga fuinipennis, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 52, pi. 140, fig. 7.

(51 . Head and collar yellow ; thorax and fore wing smoky
brown ; the latter with the costa blackish and with a yellow spot at
centre ; cilia yellowish towards outer angle. Abdomen and hind
wing slightly paler.

Hob. Nilgiri plateau. Exp. 19 millim.

1397. Diduga COStata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 535.

Diduga fulvicosta, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 52, pi. 140, fig. 16.

Head, collar, and tegulae bright yellow ; thorax and fore wing
dark leaden grey ; the latter with the costal area bright yellow

irrorated with a few black scales
and with its lower edge waved ;
the costa black near base and with
ante- and postmedial black specks;
a marginal bright yellow band with
a pale waved inner edge ; cilia
orange-yellow. Abdomen and hind
Fig. 58.— Diduga costata, $ . }. wing paler.

The form fulvicosta from the

Nilgiris has the marginal band of fore wing reduced to a spot
above outer angle.

Hob. Mlgiri plateau ; Ceylon. Exp. 16-18 millim.

SECT. II. (Androstrgma}. Male with the antennae bipectinated,
the branches short. Hind wing with a large patch of modified
scales near anal angle.

1398. Diduga albicosta, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 53, pi. 140, fig. 17;

III. Het. ix, p. 82, pi. 158, fig. 25.

Head, collar, tegulae, and prothorax white; meso- and meta-
thorax dull leaden grey. Fore wing dark leaden grey ; a white

DIDUGA. — GABUDINIA. 97

band on costal area, with a few dark scales on it and its lower edge
waved ; some white spots on outer margin, either large and con-
joined or small and separated. Abdomen and hind wing paler ;
the latter with a large circular patch of modified scales near anal
angle.

Hob. Nilgiri plateau ; Ceylon. Exp. 14 millim.

Genus PSEUDOBLABES.

Pseudoblabes, ZelL Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxvi, pt. 2, p. 514 (1853).

Type, P. oopliora, Zell.

Range. Assam ; Ceylon ; Burma.

Palpi slight and porrect. Antennae of male ciliated. Tibiae with
the spurs long. Fore wing broad, the costa highly arched ; rein 3
from close to angle of cell ; 5 absent ; 6 from below upper angle ;
7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10 absent. Hind wing of male with a patch of
modified scales on the costal vein ; the apex excised : veins 3 and 5
absent, the cell open ; female with vein 3 absent ; 5 from above
angle of cell ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from middle of cell, which is
closed. Fore wing with a large costal fold in male, small in
female.

1399. Pseudoblabes oophora, Zell Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxvi, pt. 2,

1853, p. 514, pi. 4, figs. 1-6.
Conchylis flavicostana, Wlk. Cat. xxviii, p. 361 ; C. $ 8. no. 4757.

3 . Head and thorax yellowish white. Fore wing dark leaden

grey ; the basal, costal, and outer
areas yellowish white ; the costal
band expanding into a patch at
centre. Hind wing ochreous ; the
marginal area slightly suffused with
fuscous.

£ with the hind wing fuscous ;
Fig 59 the cilia yellow.

Pseudoblabes oophora, <? . {. Hob. Assam ; Ceylon ; Burma.

Exp., c? 18, $ 20 millim.

Genus GAEUDINIA.
Garudima, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 59 (1882).

Type, G. latana, Wlk.

Range. Ceylon ; Borneo.

Palpi upturned, slender, and not reaching vertex of head.
Antennae minutely ciliated. Fore wing narrow, the costa arched ;
veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 absent ; 6 from below angle of cell ;
7 and 8 stalked ; 10 absent ; male with a patch of modified scales
in the cell. Hind wing of male excised at apex, vein 6 absent ;
female with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 from above angle of cell ;
6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from middle of cell. Fore wing of male with
a large costal fold, female with a small one.

VOL. II. H

98

1400. Garudinia latana, Wlk. Cat. xxviii, p. 427 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.
ii, pi. 103, tig. 2 j C.$S. no. 736.

c? . Head and thorax white ; abdomen yellowish white. Fore

wing white, with a purplish-brown
subbasal blotch from the subcostal
nervure to inner margin ; a sub-
marginal band broad at costa and
centre. Hind wing white ; the
apex suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Ceylon. Sap., rf 16, $
Fig. 60.— Garudinia latana, £ . \. 19 millim.

Genus PADENIA.
Padenia, Moore, Lep. Ceyl ii. p. 58 (1882).

Type, P. transversa, Wlk.

Mange. Ganjam ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Andamans ; Sumatra.

Palpi porrect, reaching beyond the frons. Antenna? minutely
ciliated in both sexes ; tibia3 with the spurs long. Fore wing
with the costa highly arched : male with veins 3 and 4 from
far before end of cell ; 5 and 6 absent ; 7, 8, 9 stalked : female
with vein 3 from near angle of cell ; 4 and 5 stalked ; 6 absent.
Hind wing of male excised at apex, with a fringe of long hair on
apical portion of costa ; vein 6 absent : female with veins 3 and 4
stalked ; 5 from angle of cell ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from near end
of cell. Fore wing of male with a strong costal fold ; female with
a slight fold.

1401. Padenia transversa, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 544 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii,

pi. 103, tig. 1 ; C.Sf S. no. 641.
Lithosia bit'asciata, Feld. lleis. Nov. pi. 106, fig. 11.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish W7hite, suffused with
fuscous. Fore wing yellowish white, with ante- and postmedial
slightly angled fuscous bands. Hind wing yellowish white, with a
slight fuscous tinge.

Fig. 61. — Padenia transversa, $ . \.

Kilgiri specimens have the bands broader than in the Ceylon
form ; in the Sumatran form the colour is pure white, the bands
with a coppery tinge.

Hab. Ganjam ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Andamans ; Sumatra. E.rp.
20 millim.

EUGOA.

Genus EUGOA.

99

Eugoa, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 768 (1857).

Type, E. fequalis, Wlk., from Borneo.

Mange. Assam ; S. India and Ceylon ; Burma ; Borneo.

Palpi porrect, reaching beyond the frons. Antennae of male
minutely ciliated. Pore wing with veins 6, 7 and 8, 9 stalked.
Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from middle of cell.

Fig. 62.
Eugoa bipunctata,

SECT. I. Pore wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked ; 11 anastomosing
with 12. Hind wing with vein 5 absent.

1402. Eugoa "bipunctata, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 115.
Padenia trifasciata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 534, pi. 212, fig. 14.
Padenia basipuneta, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 49, pi. 139, fig. 8.

Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish or brownish fuscous ; thorax

spotted with black. Pore wing grey, irrorated with fuscous ; a
black spot at base ; a diffused and
slightly angled antemedial band; two
obliquely placed black spots at end of
cell ; a curved postmedial line, the area
beyond it suffused with fuscous ; a
highly dentate submarginal line. Hind
wing pale ochreous, suffused with
fuscous.

The Nilgiri form basipuneta is paler

than the Bornean and Assamese form ; the Ceylon form trifasciata

has the bands of the fore wing narrower.

Hab. Assam; Nilgiris; Ceylon; Burma; Borneo. Exp. 26-28

millim.

SECT. II. Pore wing with veins 4 and 5 from cell, 11 not anasto-
mosing with 12. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5 stalked

1403. Eugoa strigivenata, n. sp.

J . Head and thorax white, the latter spotted with black. Fore
winsj white ; a series of black streaks from the base to the middle
with clubbed or forked ends ; three black specks in the cell ; the
veins of the outer area with clubbed or forked streaks ending
before the margin. Abdomen and hind wing yellow.

Hab. E. Pegu (DoJterty). Exp. 26 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

1404. Eugoa roseivena, n. sp.

2 . Head, thorax, and abdomen crimson. Pore wing orange ;
the veins and margins streaked with crimson ; cilia orange. Hind
wing crimson.

Hab. Momeit, Burma (DoJierty). Exp. 26 millim. Type in coll.
Elwes.

H2

100 ABCTIID^E.

Genus ANACHROSTIS.

Anachrostis, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 98 (1893).

Type, A. nic/ripuncta, Hmpsn.

Range. N.W. Himalayas ; Ceylon.

Palpi upturned, the second joint reaching vertex of head ;
antennae minutely ciliated. Fore wing with vein 5 from angle of
cell ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7 from the angle ; 8 and 10
stalked ; 9 absent. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ;
5 absent.

SECT. I. Palpi with the 3rd joint minute : fore wing broad ;
bind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked.

1405. Anachrostis nigripuncta, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 98, pi. 162,

fig. 19.

5 . Pale yellowish brown ; head yellow-
ish. Fore wing with dark undulating ante-
and postmedial lines ; a black speck on disco-
cellulars ; an indistinct diffused waved
submarginal line ; some pale strigse on costa
towards apex ; a series of black marginal
Fig. 63.— Anachrostis specks. Hind wing ochreous, tinged with
nigripuncta, $. \. fuscous.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 17 millim.

SECT. II. Palpi with the 3rd joint longer : fore wing narrower ;
hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from cell.

1406. Anachrostis bifasciata, n. sp.

$ . Pale yellowish brown. Fore wing with a smoky-black
diffused antemedial somewhat irregular band, with a black line on
its outer edge ; a postmedial band broad at the costa and narrow-
ing to inner margin, with a black line on its inner edge, angled out-
wards at middle, and its outer edge irregular ; a marginal series of
black specks. Hind wing pale fuscous.

Hab. Murree ; Simla (Harford). Exp. 20 millim. Type in B. M.

1407. Anachrostis inconstans, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 393 ; Butl. III.

Het. vii, pi. 122, fig. 11.

cJ . Pale brownish ocbraceous. Fore wing with two antemedial
black specks ; a spot at end of cell and speck below the end : a
marginal series of specks.

One specimen has a fuscous patch on costa of fore wing before
apex.

Hab. Kangra. Exp. 19 millim.

TRISCHALIS. — TROPACME. 101

Genus TRISCHALIS, nov.

Type, T.fiava, Hmpsn.

Range. Na'ga Hills ; Burma; Ceylon; New Britain.

Palpi slight and porrect. Antennae minutely ciliated in male.
Fore wing short, broad, and rounded, the costa arched ; veins 4 and
5 stalked ; 6, 7 and 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5
stalked ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from middle of cell.

1408. Trischalis flava, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 83, pi. 158, fig. 5.

Head, thorax, and abdomen yellow. Fore wing yellow ; a broad
fuscous band below the costa, com-
mencing as a patch on the inner
basal area and curving rourd to outer
angle. Hind wing pale yellow.

A large specimen from the Naga
Hills (20 millim.) has the band on

Fig. U.-ntehali8fiava,4. {. ^e wj."g njf ow fnd terminating

berore the outer angle.
Halt. Naga Hills ; Ceylon. Exp. 14-20 millim.

1409. Trischalis dulcicula, Svrinh. Tram. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 183.

$ . Head and prothorax orange ; meso- and metathorax purplish
grey. Fore wing purplish grey ; a broad orange band from the
base along the costal and outer areas with a dark line, on which
are a few leaden scales, defining the two colours. Hind wing pale
fuscous ; the margins and cilia ochreous.

Nab. Eangoon ; Ceylon. Exp. 14 millim.

Genus TROPACME, nov.

Type, T. cupreimargo, Hmpsn.

Range, Burma.

Palpi minute : antennas simple in female ; tibiae with the spines
rather long. Fore wing with the costa highly arched ; the apex
turned over below ; the outer margin oblique ; vein 3 from before
angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from the angle ; 6 and 7 from upper angle ;
8 and 9 stalked from before angle. Hind wing with vein 3 from
before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 on a long stalk ; (5 and 7 stalked.

1410. Tropacme cupreimargo, n. sp.

$ . Ochreous ; abdomen tinged
with fuscous. Fore wing with
oblique ante- and postmedial
lines, obsolete to wards costa ; the
outer margin cupreous pink,
especially at outer angle.

Hob. Tenasserim Valley

pj 35 (Dohcrty). Exp. 18 millim.

Iropacme cupreimargo, 2 . £. Type in coll. Druce.

102

ABCTIIDJE.

Genus NOTATA.
Notata, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 47 (1891).

Type, N. parva, Hmpsn.

Range. Nilgiris.

Palpi porrect and minute. Antennas minutely ciliated in male.
Fore wing of male with a large patch of modified scales in cell on
underside ; veins 4 and 5 from angle of cell ; 6 from helow upper
angle ; 7, 8 and 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with a large patch of
modified scales below the costa and in and beyond cell ; veins
4 and 5 from angle of cell ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from middle of
cell.

1411. Notata parva, Ifmpsn. III. Ilct. viii, p. 48, pi. 139, fig. 5.

cJ . Pale straw-colour; the hind wing
paler ; the patches of modified scales on the
underside of fore wing and upperside of
hind wing fuscous.

Hob. Nilgiris. Evp. 16 millim.

Fig. 66.

Kotata parva, c

Genus HOLOCRASPEDUM.

Holocraspedon, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 83 (1893).

Type, H. nigropunctum^ Hmpsn.

Range. Ceylon.

Palpi porrect, reaching beyond the frons. Antenna ciliated
in male. Fore wing with veins 4 and 5 from angle of cell ; 6
from below upper angle ; 7, 8 and 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with
veins 4 and 5 from angle of cell ; 0 and 7 stalked ; 8 from near
end of cell.

1412. Holocraspedum nigropunctum, Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix, p. 84,

pi. 158, fig. 4.

<5 . Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; thorax spotted with
black. Fore wing white ; some black on
base of costa ; a curved antemedial black
line ; a spot in the cell and a spot at end
of it ; a postmedial line excurved round
end of cell and joining the antemedial line
at inner margin : some black streaks
beyond the postmedial line ; a marginal
series of short lines. Hind wing yellowish
white ; the apex slightly suffused with
fuscous.

Cocoon suspended by a cord and formed of network strengthened
by two cross bands.

Hab. Nawala-pittia, Ceylon. E.vp. 20 millim.

Fig. 67. — Holocraspedum

nigropunctum, $ . i.

TRICHOGYIA. — IDOPTEKTJM.

103

Genus TRICHOGYIA, noy.

Type, T. semifascia, Hmpsn.

Range. Burma.

c? • Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching above vertex of head,
the 3rd short ; antennae minutely ciliated ; tibiae hairy. Fore wing
short and broad ; the apex nearly rectangular, the inner margin
much arched ; veins 2 and 3 from near angle of cell and much
bent at base ; 4 and 5 from the angle ; 6 and 7 from close to upper
angle ; 8, 9, 10 stalked from before the angle. Hind wing ample ;
veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 from above angle of cell ; 6, 7 from cell.

1413. Trichogyia semifascia, n. sp.

c? . Dark red-brown ; head fulvous. Fore wing with a black

speck at end of cell and an in-
curved white narrow baud from
it to inner margin ; an obscure
dark mark beyond the cell.

Hob. Tenasserim (Doherty}.
Exp. 20 millim. Type in coll.
Fig. 68.— Trichogyia semifascia, $. f. Druce.

Genus IDOPTERUM, nov.

Type, /. ovdle, Hrnpsn.

llamje. Sikhim; Bhutan; Nagas ; Burma.

Palpi short and porrect. Antennae ciliated in male, almost simple
in female, in which the abdomen has the two terminal segments
suddenly expanded to double the width of the basal segments. Fore
wing with the costa arched ; the apex rounded; the outer margin
very obliquely curved ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5
from angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10 and 11 from
before the angle. Hind wing with vein 3 from before the angle of
cell ; 5 from above angle ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from middle of cell.

SECT. 1. Fore wing with vein 9 given off from 8
nearer the apex than 7.

A. Fore wing, vein 11 not anastomosing ivith 12.

1414. Idopteium ovale, n. sp.

5 . Head whitish ; thorax and
abdomen pale fuscous. Fore
wing pale fuscous ; the costal and
inner margin whitish ; an obliquely
curved antemedial whitish band.
Hind wing pale fuscous, the inner
and outer margins whitish.
Hob. Bernardmyo, Burma (Doherty). Exp. 27 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

Fig. QQ.—Idopterum ovale, £ . \.

104 AECTIID^.

B. Fore wing, vein 11 anastomosing with 12.

1415. Idopterum rubrimargo, n. sp.

cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous ; frons, collar, and tegulaB
crimson. Fore wing fuscous ; the costa, inner margin, and cilia
crimson ; black basal and subbasal spots ; two antemedial blackish
nearly straight and erect lines ; a black spot at end of cell. Hind
wing fuscous ; the inner area tinged with crimson.

Hob. Sikhirn. Exp. 26 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. Fore wing with vein 9 given off from 8
further from apex than 7.

1416. Idopterum dudgeoni, Elw. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 388, pi. 32, fig. 10.
5 . Head and tegulae ochreous, frons white ; collar, thorax, and

abdomen fuscous. Fore wing with the margins pale, the whole
disk suffused with fuscous ; the base, costa, and apex white ; the
inner and outer margins ochreous ; an ochreous streak from the base
through the cell to outer margin ; cilia fuscous. Hind wing fuscous ;
the basal area and outer margin white, suffused with ochreous.
Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 24 millim.

1417. Idopterum anomalum, Elw. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 388, pi. 32, fig. 14.
Head and thorax crimson. Fore wing crimson, with a black

streak from base of cell to centre of outer margin ; the median
nervure pale. Abdomen and hind wing smoky black.

Hab. JSikhim, 5000 feet ; Bhutan ; Nagas ; tipper Burma. Exp.,
J 26, $ 34 millim.

Genus SCAPTESYLE.

Scaptesyle, Wlk. Cut. ii, p. 378 (1854).

Type, S. tricolor, Wlk.

Range. Assam; Burma; Ceylon.

Palpi upturned reaching vertex of head; antennae of male
minutely ciliated. Tibiae with the spurs long. Fore wing with
veins 4 and 5 stalked ; 6 from below angle of cell ; 7, 8, 9 stalked.
Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 from above angle of cell ;
6 and 7 stalked; 8 from middle of cell.

1418. Scaptesyle tricolor, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 378; C. $ S. no. 364.
Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish black ; the third joint of

palpi and basal joint of antennae
in front white ; legs banded
with white ; collar and tegulae
bright yellow ; a white tuft at
end of abdomen. Wings bright
crocus-yellow; fore wing with

Fi*. ^.-s'captesylelicolor, rf. }. a bas^. ^ack Patch> the outer

area bright coppery red, with its

edges black ; hind wing with an apical black patch narrowing to
anal angle.

Nab. Silhet; Burma. Exp. 32 millim.

SCAPTESYLE. TTEPITA. 105

1419. Scaptesyle bicolor, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 182; Moore, Lev. CeyL

ii, pi. 96, fig. 2 ;> C. 8f S. no. 363.
Dichromia nietneri, Feld. Heis. Nov. pi. 106, fig. 25.

Differs from tricolor in being deep black and bright golden
yellow ; fore wing with the outer area broader and wholly black ;
hind wing with the marginal black area much broader and reaching
anal angle.

In the specimen from the Khasis the marginal black band is
much narrower than in typical Ceylon specimens.

Hob. Khasis ; Ceylon. Exp. 30 millim.

Genus GURNA.

Gurna, Swinh. Cat. Het. Mus. Oxm. p. 123 (1892).

Type, G. indica, Moore.

Mange. Bombay.

Palpi very minute. Antenna minutely ciliated in male. Mid
and hind tibia3 with very minute terminal pairs of spurs. Fore
wing rather narrow ; veins 4 and 5 from angle of cell ; 6 from
below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5
from angle of cell ; 6 and 7 stalked; 8 from beyond middle of cell.

1420. Gurna indica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 3CO ; C. # S. no. 276.

Liver-brown; frons yellow; tegulae
with the posterior half orange ; abdomen
with the extremity orange. Tore wing
with a large yellow spot in the cell just
beyond the middle, and another at centre
of outer margin. Hind wdng with the
£. *• „ basal half orange.

Gurna Wchca^. }. j^. Bombay. Exp. 28-30 millim.

Genus NEPITA.

Nepita, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 302 (1858).
Pitarie, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 531 (1854), prseocc.
Cabarda, Wlk. Cat. xxviii, p. 435 (1863).
Adites, Moore, Lep. CeyL ii, p. 01 (1882).

Type, N. conferta, Wlk.

Range. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Borneo.

Palpi porrect, extending beyond the frons, and fringed with
hair below. Antenna roughly scaled. TibiaB with the spurs rather
long. Fore wing rather short and broad ; veins 3, 4, 5 from close
to angle of cell; 6 from below upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 11
sometimes anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with veins 4 and 5
stalked; 6 and 7 from angle of cell or stalked; 8 from beyond
middle of cell.

1 06 AECTIID.T.

SECT. I. (Nepita}. Male with the antennae bipectinated, the
branches short.

1421. Nepita COnferta, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 533; Moore, Lcp. Ceyl. ii,

pi. 104, figs. 7, 7 a, b, c, d (larva) ; C. fy S. no. 044.
Nepita anila, Moore, Cat. E. 1. Co. p. 302 ; C. $ S. no. 6J3.
Nepita signata, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 240.
Nepita fpgrota, Butl. Tram. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 336; C. $ S.

no. 642.
Nepita ochracea, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 336 ; C. &• S.

no. 648.
Nepita limbata, Butl. Tram. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 336: C. $ S.

no. 647.
Nepita conf erta, var. fusca, Ilinpsn, III. Net. ix, pi. 158, fig. 6.

Head and thorax orange, the latter spotted with black ; abdomen

black, orange below and at ex-
tremity. Fore wing orange,
some black marks at base ;
antemedial and medial curved
and waved bands which coalesce
at median nervure ; a black
spot on discocellulars ; a post-
^j^ wayed ^^ excurved

round end of cell ; a series of submarginal spots and streaks, often
conjoined into a band ; the margin and cilia black. Hind wing
with the base orange; a broad marginal black band, some speci-
mens with orange spots on it at centre of outer margin.

The forms limbata and ochracea have the bands of the fore wing
rather narrow, conf erta, cpyrota, and anila broad : in anila and
Hmbata the marginal band of the hind wing is narrowest; in con-
ferta broader ; in ochracea and crgrota very broad, and running up
the inner margin towards the base.

In the Deltota district of Ceylon the brown suffused form fusca
is found.

Larva short, tumid at middle ; colour purple-black, each somite
thickly covered with tufts of long black hair ; some dorsal orange
marks on first, seventh, and anal somites, and a slender line from
seventh to anal somite.

Cocoon slight.

Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp., d 22-28,
$ 32-34 millim.

SECT. II. (Cabarda). Male with the antenna? ciliated.

1422. Nepita hilaris, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 530 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii,
pi. 104, fig. 6 ; C. fy S. no. 040.

Head and thorax white, spotted with yellowish brown ; abdomen
white. Fore wing white ; a blackish spot near the base ; two
subbasal yellowish-brown spots ; antemedial and medial yellow-
brown lines, the former waved, the latter irregularly curved ; a black-
ish spot at end of cell ; a waved postmedial line excurved round end

NEPITA. — MILTOCHRISTA. 107

of cell; a submarginal series of more or less conjoined streaks; a
marginal series of specks. Hind wing white, the outer margin
slightly suffused with brown.

Hob. Ceylon. Encp., <$ 22, $ 24 millim,

1423. Nepita frigida, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 530 ; C. $ S. no. 645.
Lyclene diffusa, Wilt. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 111.

Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish white. Fore wing
white ; a basal yellowish-brown patch with a spot beyond it ; a
subbasal irregular brown band ; the wrhole disk suffused with
yellowish brown, leaving patches of white on the margins, and two
curved series of postmedial white specks bent inwards below the
cell, the brown area reaching almost to the margin, below apex
and above outer angle ; cilia spotted with pale brown. Hind wing
white ; the outer area slightly suffused with brown.

Specimens from Sikhim and the Naga Hills have the hind wing
suffused with fuscous and a black spot at end of cell.

Hob. Sikhim ; Nagas ; Burma ; Borneo. Exp., 3 21, $ 24 millim.

Genus MILTOCHRISTA.

Miltochrista, Hiibn. Verz. p. 1G6 (1818).
Sesapa, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 547(1854).
Lyclene, Moore, Cat. E. I. Co. p. 300 (1858).
Cyllene, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 543 (prseocc.).
Barsine, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 546.
Setinoehroa, Feld. Reis. Nov. p. 9 (1875).
Korawa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 11.
Type, M. miniata, Forst., from Europe.

Eanrje. Pataarctic, Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australian regions.
Palpi short and porrect. Antennae with the cilia long in male,
minute in female, or bipectinated in male.

Tibiae with the spurs rather short. Fore wing with vein 5 from
just above lower angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle, or stalked with
7, 8, 9 ; 10 from close to the angle or some way before it; 11
from one-half to three-fourths length of cell and straight, or curved
and running close along 12, or anastomosing with 12. Hind wing
with vein 5 on a short stalk with 4, or from a point with it, or
from above the angle; 6 and 7 stalked; 8 from near end of cell.
These variations occur in similar specimens from the same localities.

SECT. I. (Miltoclirista). Fore wing with the cell narrow ;
antennae of male ciliated.

1424. Miltochrista strigivenata, n. sp.

c? . Head and thorax crimson ; abdomen black with the base
ochreous, the anal tuft ochreous, tipped with crimson. Fore wing
bright crimson; the costa slightly black; a prominent oblique
medial straight black line ; the veins beyond the cell streaked with
black. Hind wing paler.

Hob. Naga Hills, 6000 feet (Dolierty}. &cp. 25 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

108 ARCTIIDJE.

SECT. II. (Barsine). Fore wing with the cell broad ; antennae
of male ciliated.

A. Fore wing with an irregular and highly dentate postmedial line.

a. The ground-colour crimson.

1425. Miltochrista dentifascia, n. sp.

$ . Pale crimson. Fore wing with some black specks near the
base ; slightly excurved antemedial and incurved medial lines ; a
spot at end of cell ; a very highly dentate postmedial line com-
mencing as an oblique line from the middle of costa, with a series
of black specks beyond its angulations.

Hob. Momeit, Burma (Doherty}. Exp. 25 millim. Type in
colL Elwes.

b. Tfie ground-colour ochreous.

1426. Miltochrista undulosa, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 545 ; C. $• S. no. 639.
Miltochrista straminea, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1685 ; (?. $ S. no. 632.
Sesapa decurrens, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 255 ; C. fy S. no. 637.
Sesapa excurrens, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 255 j C. $ S. no. 6:38.
Lyclene assamica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 23, pi. 3, fig. 85 C. fy S.

"no. 677.

Pale ochreous ; the patagia and vertex of thorax spotted with

black ; the extremity of abdomen
blackish in male. Fore wing
with a black speck at base; a
series of short subbasal streaks ;
a waved antemedial line; a
doubly curved or nearly straight

medial line, which is altogether

Fig. 73.— Miltochrista undulosa, $ . \. obsolete ill the form assamica;

a spot at end of cell ; an irregular

highly dentate postmedial line ; submarginal and marginal series
of specks.

The form undulosa from Moulmein is small ( c? 17 millim.), with
the ground-colour of fore wing whitish. The Himalayan form is
larger and more ochreous.

Hob. Kangra ; Sikhim ; Khasis; Moulmein. Exp., J 17-23,
$ 28 millim.

1427. Miltochrista complicata, ButL Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 344.

$ . Differs from undulosa in the antemedial line of the fore
wing being more evenly curved ; the medial line outwardly oblique
towards inner margin ; the marginal series of specks absent ; the
apical part of costa and cilia black. Hind wing slightly suffused
with fuscous at apex or on disk.

Hob. Naga Hills ; Borneo. Exp. 20 millim.

MILTOCHRISTA. 109

1428. Miltochrista prominens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 31, pi. 3

fig. 3 ; C. 8f S. no. 689.

Differs from delicata in the thorax having two black spots.
Fore wing with a black angulated line beyond the antemedial spots ;
the postmedial series taking the form of a highly denticulated and
angulated line ; the marginal streaks of both wings usually broader.

Hob. Khasis. Exp., <5 32, 2 34 millim.

1429. Miltochrista semifascia, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 521 ; Moore, Lap.

Ceyl ii, pi. 103, fig. 7 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, pi. 175, fig. 7 (larva) ;

C. $ S. no. 649.
Lyclene semifascia, var. metamelas, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, pi. 158,

fig. 11.
Lyclene obsoleta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 32, pi. 3, fig. 7 ; C. 8f S.

no. 687.

Differs from undulosa in the antemedial and medial lines of the
fore wings being reduced to a series of spots ; the postmedial line
more regularly dentate ; the marginal series of specks absent ; the
disk often suffused with fuscous.

Some specimens have the outer margin of hind wing fuscous ;
the variety metamelas has the extremity of abdomen in male black ;
obsoleta has a black marginal band to hind wing and submarginal
band from costa of hind wing on underside.

Larva thickly clothed with short close black hairs, which open
out at the joints when it rolls itself into a ball.

Hob. Sikhim ; Assam ; throughout S. India and Ceylon. Exf.,
c? 20, $ 25-26 millim.

c. The ground-colour ivliite.

1430. Miltochrista nigralba, n. sp.

Head fulvous yellow, spotted with black ; thorax white, spotted
with black ; abdomen fulvous. Pore wing white ; a black spot at
base ; three antemedial lines, each composed of three black spots ;
a spot at end of cell ; a highly dentate postmedial line sending
off streaks along the subcostals; submarginal andcilial series of spots.
Hind wing white, with traces of a medial band ; the outer area
suffused with fuscous, the veins crossing it black.

Hob. Bernardmyo ; E. Pegu (Doherty}. Exp., <$ 24, £ 28 millim.
Type in coll. Elwes.

1431. Miltochrista multistriata, n. sp.

J . Differs from nigralba in the thorax being fulvous, spotted
with black, Pore wing with the two outer antemedial bands replaced
by fine irregular lines starting from the same point on the costa ; the
veins on the outer area streaked with black in place of the specks ;
a fine marginal black line.

Hab. Naga Hills, 6000 feet (DoJierty). Exp. 22 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

110 ARCTIIDJE.

B. Fore iviny with no postmedial line, the outer area streaked
with black.

a. The ground-colour reddish.

1432. Miltochrista parallelina, n. sp.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous. Fore wing reddish
orange, a series of subbasal irregular black specks ; an indistinct
postmedial straight line ; a spot on discocellulars ; a series of sub-
marginal streaks on the nervules.

Hal. E. Pegu (Doherty). Exp. 19 millim. Type in coll. Elvves.

b. The ground-colour yellowish.

1433. Miltochrista linga, Moore, Cat. E. I. Co. p. 301 ; C. $ 8.

no. 702.

c? . Very pale yellow ; collar and extremity of abdomen tinged
with orange ; tegulae and thorax spotted with black. Pore wing
with three black spots at base ; antemedial and medial series, each of
six spots ; the veins of outer area streaked with black.

£ with the head, collar, and abdomen fulvous yellow.
Hal). Kangra ; Sikhim. Exp., 3 38, $ 44 millim.

1434. Miltochrista delicata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 31 ; C # S.

no. 679.

5 . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous. Wings ochreous ;
fore wing with basal and subbasal black spots ; an antemedial series ;
a medial straight line ; a spot at end of cell ; a postmedial curved
series ; the veins of the marginal area streaked with black on fore
and hind wing.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 31 millim.

1435. Miltochrista palmata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 31, pi. 3. fig. 5 ;

C. 8f S. no. 688.

5 . Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow; mesothorax with
paired black spots. Wings very pale yellow. Eore wing with three
subbasal and three antemedial metallic blue-black spots, three
medial purple-black spots; the interspaces of the outer half of
wing streaked with purplish black, the streaks not reaching the
outer margin. Hind wing with submarginal fuscous streaks,
obsolescent towards anal angle.

A female from Simla has the markings of fore and hind wings
very much reduced.

Hab. Simla ; Kangra ; Assam. Exp. 33 millim.

1436. Miltochrista maculifasciata, n. sp.

5 . Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow ; the thorax
spotted with black. Eore wing pale flesh-colour; a basal blue-
black spot ; a subbasal series of three spots ; two antemedial more

MILTOCHRISTA. Hi

or less conjoined series ; a spot at end of cell ; the veins of the
outer area broadly streaked with blue-black, the bases of the
streaks enlarged and almost conjoined into a curved line. Hind
wing pale flesh-colour ; inner area yellowish ; veins of outer area
broadly streaked with blue-black.

Hab. Burma. Exp. 36 inillirn. Type in B. M.

1437. Miltochrista strigipennis, Herr.-ScMjfer, Samml aussereur.

Schmett. no. 437. jj± WW*i

Lyclene discistriga, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 32 ; C. 8f S. no. 680.
Lyclene terminata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 33 ; C, $ S. no. 692.
Lyclene sinica, Moore, A. M. N. H. (4) xx, 1877, p. 87.
Lyclene inconspicua, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 32 ; C. $• S. no. 683.

Ochreous ; fore wing with a series of basal streaks ; a medial
slightly curved line; outer area with fine black streaks on the
veins.

The form sinica =inconspicua has a reddish-orange tone.

Hab. China ; Sikhim ; Khasis ; Nagas ; Tenasserim ; Sumatra ;
Borneo. Exp., tf 22, $ 33 mm.

C. Fore wing ivith a series of postmedial species or blotches
conjoined into a band.

1438. Miltochrista fuscalis, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 50, pi. 139, fig. 9.

c? . Head ochreous ; thorax orange, the tegulae and vertex
spotted with black ; abdomen fuscous, with an ochreous anal tuft.
Pore wing fiery red ; the costa and median nervure streaked with
black at base ; a large subbasal fuscous patch coalescing with an
oblique band ; a spot on discocellulars joined to a large patch
occupying the whole outer area; cilia ochreous. Hind wing
ochreous, with traces of an oblique medial band ; some specimens
with the apex suffused with fuscous.

Hab. Nilgiri plateau. Exp. 22-32 millim.

1439. Miltochrista suffusa, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 49, pi. 139, fig. 18.

5 . Head, thorax, and fore wing flesh-pink ; abdomen fuscous,
with an ochreous anal tuft. Fore wing with a basal black spot ;
a subbasal fuscous band coalescing with an oblique band ; the
discocellulars black ; a curved postmedial band with some spots
beyond it ; a series of submarginal specks. Hind wing fuscous ;
the outer margin flesh-pink ; cilia fuscous.

Hab. Nilgiris, W. slopes, 3000 feet. Exp. 28 millim.

1440. Miltochrista rubricosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 30, pi. 3, fig. 1 ;

C. # S. no. 706.

Lyclene curvifascia, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 49, pi. 139, fig. 17.
Lyclene ochracea, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 51, pi. 139, fig. 26.

Differs from suffusa in the medial band of the fore wing being
widely separated from the antemedial band ; the postmedial band

112

more irregular, nearer the margin, and without spots beyond it.
Hind wing flesh-pink ; some specimens with traces of a medial
band.

The form rubricosa has tire medial band of fore wing oblique,
the marginal specks almost obsolete ; in curvifascia the band is
more erect and the specks prominent ; ochracea is ochreous with
only a slight tinge of pink.

Nab. Bombay ; Khandala ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp., cT 20,
$ 22-26 millim.

1441. Miltochrista arcuata, Moore, Lcp. 'Ceyl. ii, p. 62, pi. 103, fig. 5 ;

C. Sf S. no. 075.

Lyclene rosea, Hmpsn. III. Hct. viii, p. 50, pi. 130, fior. 19.
Lyclene aurora, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 50, pi. 139, fig. 20.

Differs from rubricosa in being pinker, the subbasal band being
reduced to a series of irregularly placed specks ; the medial band
narrow and more erect; the postmedial band reduced to irregularly
placed spots.

In the form arcuata the medial band is slightly curved, in rosea
and aurora straight ; the last has the band very narrow and the
subbasal and postmedial specks almost obsolete.

Hob. Nilgiris; Ceylon. Exp., tf 20, $ 22 millim.

1442. Miltochrista ila, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 300 ; id. Lep. Ceyl. ii,

pi. 103, fig. 6 ; C.$S. no. 682.

Differs from ruptifascia in the subbasal and postmedial bands of
the fore wing being reduced to series of specks ; the medial band
broad, regular, and nearly erect ; a marginal series of: specks.

Hab. Canara ; Ceylon. Exp. 22-24 millim.

1443. Miltochrista SOlita, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 521 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl ii,

pi. 103, fig. 8 ; C.&S. no. 726.

Setina punctilinea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 34 ; id. Lep. Ceyl. ii,
pi. 103, fig. 9 ; C.&S. no. 653.

cJ . Differs from ila in the medial band of both wings being
obsolete. Eore wing in male with the medial and postmedial series
of specks almost entirely obsolete ; fairly well marked in female.
Hab. Ceylon. Exp., <5 24, $ 26 millim.

1444. Miltochrista magna, n. sp.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale lemon-yellow. Fore wing
lemon-yellow, the veins paler ; a black spot at base ; a curved
postmedial series of indistinct fuscous specks. Hind wing ochreous
white.

Hab. Manipur ; Bernardmyo (Dolwrty}, Exp. 48 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

MILTOCHRISTA. 113

1445. Miltochrista pallida, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 12 ; a $ S.

no. 572.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; collar orange. Pore wino1
uniform very pale ochreous, the cilia white. Hind wing white.
Hob. Sikhim. Eccp., tf 38, $ 55 millim.

1446. Miltochrista sexpuncta, n. sp.

c? . Ochreous. Fore wing with a black spot at base ; a prominent
spot above centre of cell, one at end of cell, with one below it
above inner margin and two spots near centre of outer margin.
Abdomen and hind wing paler.

Hab. Bernardmyo, Burma, 6000 feet (Doherty}. Exp. 26 millim.
Type in coll. Elwes.

1447. Miltochrista spilosomoides, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 33 ; C.fy 8.

no. 691.

c?. Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish white, the last
ochreous at extremity ; tegulae and shoulders with black spots.
Wings yellowish white ; fore wing with a black spot at base and
ante- and postmedial series of black specks.
Hob. " N. W. India." Exp. 44 millim.

1448. Miltochrista dharma, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 394 ; C. $ S.

no. 650.

Differs from sollta in the postmedial series of specks being
nearer the marginal series ; the medial and marginal series of specks
absent ; all the specks larger and more prominent.

A male from the Naga Hills has the subbasal series of spots of
fore wing absent.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Naga and Karen Hills. Exp. 28 millim.

1449. Miltochrista infumata, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 106, fig. 16 ; C. $ S.

no. 718.

Setinochroa postica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 36 ; C. fy S. no. 720.
Setinochroa pallida, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 35 ; G | S. no. 719.
Setina decisigna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 35 ; C. $ S. no. 651.

Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-yellow. Fore wing orange-
yellow, with a black speck at base ; a prominent spot at end of cell,
a submarginal series of seven spots. Hind wing smoky black ; a
black line on discocellulars ; the inner area more or less suffused
with orange : cilia orange.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 25 millim.

1450. Miltochrista fuscifusa, Swinh. MS.

$ . Differs from infumata in the fore wing being without the
submarginal series of black spots ; hind wing slightly suffused
with fuscous.

Hab. Khasis. Exp. 30 millim. Type in B. M.

YOL. II. I

114 ARCTIIDJE.

1451. Miltochrista cylletona, *$W//7?, A. M. N. H. (6) xii, p. 217.

3 . Differs from infumata in the fore wing having two ante-
medial black specks ; a black marginal band from centre of costa
to apex and outer angle ; "hind wing with black marginal band ;
underside of fore wing not black.

Hab. Shan States. Exp. 20 millim.

1452. Miltochrista aurantiaca. Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 35, pi. 3,

tig. 12; C £& m>. 717.

cJ . Differs from infumata in having two subbasal black spots on
fore wing beyond the basal spot ; the apical spot of the submarginal
series and those in interno-median interspace obsolete. Hind wing
with the basal area more suffused with orange.

Hob. Khasis. Ex p. 24 millim.

1453. Miltochrista obliqua, Hmpsn. 111. Het. viii, p. 51, pi. 139, fig. 25.

(5 . Differs from rubricosa in being pale ochreous ; the medial
line of fore wing straight, narrow, and oblique ; abdomen fuscous,
with the anal tuft ochreous.

Hab. Nilgiri plateau. Exp. 28 millim.

1454. Miltochrista conger ens, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 106, fig. 14 ; C. $ S.

no. 678.
Lyclene artocarpi, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 30 ; C. $ S. no. 676.

Differs from rubricosa in being more ochreous ; the marginal
series of specks on fore wing absent.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Calcutta. Exp. 21 millim.

1455. Miltochrista ruptifascia, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 85, pi. 158,

fig. 12.

Differs from congerens in being pure ochreous ; the subbasal
band of fore wing outwardly oblique towards inner margin, and
anastomosing with the medial band ; the upper portion of the
postmedial band reduced to a series of specks. Hind wing with
a well-defined medial fuscous baud.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 18 millim.

1456. Miltochrista floccosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 274 ; C.$S. no. 723.

5 . Semidiaphanous pale brownish ochreous. Pore wing with
indistinct subbasal and medial fuscous bands ; a spot on diseo-
cellulars ; postmedial and marginal series of specks.

Hab. Coimbatore. Exp. 22 millim.

1457. Miltochrista • subcervina, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 274; C. fy S.

no. 727.

cJ . Differs from flcccosa in being of an orange tone ; the ante-
medial, medial, and postmedial bands of fore wing better denned.
Hab. G-aujam. E.cp. 18 millim.

MILTOCHRISTA. 115

1458. Miltochrista nubilalis, n. sp.

c? . Head yellow ; thorax and abdomen fuscous. Eore wing
semihyaline yellow ; a large basal fuscous patch joined on inner
margin by a very broad fuscous postmeclial baud. Hind wing
yellow ; an indistinct fuscous medial band, narrow at costa, broad
at inner margin, where it nearly reaches the anal angle.

Hob. Granjam (Minchin). Exp. 20 milliin. Type in coll. Druce.

1459. Miltochrista humilis, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 544 ; C.fyS. no. 681.
Setina calamaria, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 392 ; C.fyS. no. 649 A.
Setina nebulosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 35 ; C. fy S. no. 652.
Setina dasara, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 303.

Barsine chromatica, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 135.
Setina ? punctata, Elwes, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 389, pi. 32, fig. 18.

Bright ochreous. Tore wing with a dark speck at base ; a
curved postmedial band ; a dark spot at end of cell ; a postrnedial
band of irregular fuscous blotches. Hind wing in some specimens
with traces of a submarginal fuscous band.

The form humilis from Burma ( $ 22 millim.) has the postmedial
band broad on the disk and widely separated from the antemedial
band ; in dasara= chroma tica, from Kangra, the Mlgiris, Sumatra,
Java (30 millim.), the baud is narrower, much more irregular, and
often conjoined to the antemedial band below the cell ; in nebulosa,
from Sikhim ( $ 32 rnillim.), the antemedial band expands into a
large patch on inner margin conjoined to the postmedial baud, which
is very broad and occupies the whole disk ; the hind wiug whitish.

The form calamaria=punctata has all the markings obsolete,
except the black spots at base and end of cell of fore wing.

Hab. Punjab ; Sikhim ; Nagas ; Nilgiris ; Moulmein ; Java.
Eccp. 22-32 millim.

1460. Miltochrista varians, Hmpm. III. Net. ix, p. 85, pi. 158, figs. 10,

20, 32, 33.

$ . Head and thorax orange, the latter spotted with black ;
abdomen and wings black ; fore wing with a slight bronzy tinge :
a black speck at end of cell.

In another form the fore wing has a basal orange spot, medial
spots on costa and inner margin, the apex streaked with orange.

$ . With an anal ochreous tuft ; fore wing with the base orange,
two costal spots and one on inner margin ; the outer margin
orange, with a series of black specks.

In another form the fore wing is mostly orange with a basal
black spot ; an irregular antemedial line conjoined to an irregular
medial patch and postmedial band ; hind wing suffused in parts
with ochreous.

liab. Ceylon. Exp. 20 millim.

1461 . Miltochrista andamana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 597 ; C. $ S.

no. 036.

$ . Pale ochreous ; thorax spotted with black. Fore wing

i2

116

whitish, with a black speck at base ; some subbasal short streaks ;
a slightly curved medial line ; a spot at end of cell ; a submarginal
series of specks and marginal line.
Hob. Andarnans. Exp. 17 millim.

D. Fore wing with a curved postmedial line, with fuscous
streaks beyond it.

1462. Miltochrista conjunctana, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1788 ; C. fy S.

no. 695.

Miltochrista tessellata, Butl. III. Het. v, p. 39; pi. 86, fig. 12 ;
C. 8f S. no. 633.

Bright ochreous. Fore wring with a black spot at base ; the
basal part of the costa black ; a doubly angulated antemeclial band
with its angles conjoined to an angulated medial band, which again
touches a doubly curved postmedial band sending three spurs out-
wards towards the margin ; a marginal black line.

Hob. Sikhim ; Cachar ; Nagas. Exp. 19-22 millim.

1463. Miltochrista euprepioides, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 102.
Lyclene interserta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 32, pi. 3, n>. 6 j C. & S.

no. 685.

5 . Bright ochreous ; head, collar, and tegulse marked with dark
brown. Fore wing with the margins brown ; a basal baud ; an
angulated antemedial band ; a doubly angulated medial band with
its angles conjoined to the antemedial band, and sending a streak
below the subcostal nervure and a fork below the median to a
curved and angulated postmedial band, parallel to which is another
band sending three streaks to the outer margin ; cilia dark brown.

The Sikhirn form interserta has the brown bands much narrower
than the Bornean form.

Hob. Sikhim ; Nagas ; Borneo. Exp. 36 millim.

1464. Miltochrista radians, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 30, pi. 3, fig. 2 ;

C. $ S. no. 690.

(5 . Differs from prominens in the subbasal, antemedial and
medial series of fore wing being formed of short lines ; the medial
series nearly erect ; the postmedial further from the base and almost
evenly curved ; the streaks on the veins of fore and hind wings
shorter ; the fork of the streaks on veins 8 and 9 nearer the apex.

Hob. Calcutta. Exp. 22 millim.

1465. Miltochrista zebrina, Moore, P. Z. S 1878, p. 31, pi. 3, fig. 4 ;

C. 8f S. no. 693.

5 . Differs from prominens in the medial line of the fore wing
being straighter ; the postmedial line excurved round the end of
cell, but not denticulate ; the fork of the streaks on veins 8 and 9
as in radians. Hind wing with the marginal streaks somewhat
diffused so as to form a fuscous band.
Hob, Calcutta. Exp. 24 millim.

MILTOCHRISTA. 117

1466. Miltochrista coccinea, Moore, Jour. A. S. B. lv, 1886, pt. 2,

p. 98; C. $ S. no. 694.

Head, thorax, and abdomen orange-red ; tegulae each with a
fuscous spot. Fore wing orange ; an excurved antemedial fuscous
band, joined at middle to a medial band, which again joins a post-
medial band below the median nervure ; some short conjoined
streaks beyond this band ; all these markings being outlined with
crimson ; a series of marginal crimson spots. Hind wing pale
crimson.

Hob. Margharita, Assam ; Tavoy. Exp. 32 millim.

1467. Miltochrista rhodina, Herr.-Schaffer, Samml. aussereur. Schmett.

no. 438.

Barsine trivittata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 597 ; C. $ S. no. 709.
Barsine exclusa, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 340.

Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen crimson; tegulae and
thorax spotted with black. Pore wing crimson ; some black marks
at base ; subbasal and antemedial angulated lines which are con-
joined at median nervure ; a spot on discocellulars ; a curved
postmedial line with slight streaks and fuscous suffusion beyond
it ; cilia black. Hind wing paler crimson.

A specimen from Burma has the medial line nearly straight, and
well separated from the antemedial line ; no speck at end of cell ;
the streaks beyond the postmedial line prominent ; the costa and
apex of hind wing black.

Hob. Burma ; Andamans ; Borneo. Exp. 26-28 millim.

1468. Miltochrista cuneonotata, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 759 ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. ii, pi. 103, tig. 10 ; C. $ S. no. 696 (part.).
Ammatho roseororatus, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1877, p. 341.
Barsine scripta, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 254.
Miltochrista collivolans, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) viii, 1881, p. 380.

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous, generally suffused with
crimson. Wings ochreous or suffused with crimson. Fore wing
with some basal spots and subbasal fuscous streaks ; a curved ante-
medial line anastomosing in the cell with a doubly angulated medial
line ; a curved and angulated postmedial line ; the outer inter-
spaces streaked with fuscous ; costa and cilia fuscous.

The form cuneonotata is suffused with crimson ; the veins of the
outer area of fore wing prominently streaked with crimson ; in
roseororata the crimson streaks are less prominent, and the hind
wing with hardly a trace of crimson ; scripta is entirely ochreous.

Hob. Sikhim ; Nagas ; Ceylon ; Sumatra ; Kias ; Borneo. Exp.t
c? 34, $ 42 millim.

1469. Miltochrista punicea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 29 ; C. % S.

no. 705.

Differs from cuneonotata in the thorax being more strongly
marked with black ; abdomen black. Fore wing without the red
streaks in the interspaces ; the medial angulated line after coalescing

118 ARCTIID.E.

with the antemedial line touches the postmedial line in the intern o-
median interspace ; the fuscous submarginal streaks very irregular
in length. Hind wing with a series of streaks on the veins of the
marginal area which coalesce into a more or less complete band ; a
speck at end of cell.

Hob. Sikhim; E.Pegu. Exp. 24 millim.

1470. Miltochrista cruciata, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 101.
Barsine gloriosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 29, pi. 3, fig-. 16 ; C. $ S.

no. 699.

Differs from cuneonotata in the fore wing having the subbasal
streaks absent ; the medial and postmedial lines not angulated in
the interno-median interspace ; the fuscous streaks in the marginal
interspaces slightly developed.

Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis ; Sumatra ; Borneo. Exp. 31 millim.

1471. Miltochrista inflexa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 29, pi. 3, fio-. 17 ;

C. 8f S. no. 701.

Differs from cuneonotata in the thorax being spotted with crimson
instead of black. Fore wing with the ground-colour bright oraDge,
with crimson streaks between the veins ; a dark patch on the
junction of the antemedial and medial lines ; the fuscous streaks
beyond the postmedial line almost obsolete ; the costa and cilia
blacker. Hind wing with the cilia tinged with fuscous.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 24 millim.

1472. Miltochrista postnigra, n. sp.

c?. Head and thorax orange, the latter spotted with black;
abdomen black. Fore wing orange, with black streaks from the
base along costa, median nervure, and inner margin to an ante-
medial curved line, touching at middle a slightly angulated medial
line ; a highly excurved postmedial line, the area beyond it black
with red streaks in the interspaces. Hind wing black, with a
yellow fascia along the basal half of costa.

Hob. Sikhim. Evp. 19 millim. Type in coll. Knyvett.

E. Fore winy with maculate bands of crimson spots.

1473. Miltochrista gratiosa, Guer. Dekss. Voy. Ind. ii, p. 90, pi. 26,

fig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 700.

Lithosia striata, Brem. $ Grey, Motsch. Et. Ent. i, p. 63.
Barsine defecta, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 546 ; C. $ 8. no. 696.
Hypoprepia lanceolata, Wlk. Cat. vii, p. 1680.
Barsine mactans, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1 877, p. 340 ; C. fyS.no. 703.
Miltochrista pulchra, Butl. A.M.N. H. (4) xx. 1877, p. 30(5.
Barsine flammealis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 28, pi. 3, fig. 15 ;

C. $ S. no. 697.
Barsine pretiosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 394 j C. $ S. no. 704.

Head, thorax, and abdomen crimson, or ochreous more or less
suffused with crimson ; tegula3 and vertex of thorax spotted with
black. Fore wing ochreous ; a black spot at base ; subbasal, ante-
medial, and medial series of crimson spots ; two crimson spots

MILTOCHRLSTA. 119

beyond the cell ; a series of long streaks in the marginal interspaces ;
black lines between the series of crimson spots, tbese lines being
sometimes reduced to series of specks ; the outer line produced
into more or less prominent streaks between the crimson streaks.
Hind wing crimson or ochreous.

The form flammealis = mactans has the ground-colour of fore wing
slightly suffused with crimson ; in gratiosa it is yellow, the first
two black lines being reduced to specks ; in pretiosa the hind wing
is but slightly tinged with crimson, in defecta it is ochreous : in
pulchra and striata, from Japan and China, the fore wing is slightly
shorter and broader, the postmedial black line reduced to specks
and the black streaks slightly developed ; the former has the hind
wing crimson, the latter ochreous. A specimen from the Khasis
has the red markings of fore wing almost obsolete.

Hob. Japan ; China ; throughout the hills of India, Ceylon, and
Burma. Exp., <S 30-36, $ 40-46 millim.

1474. Miltochrista delicia, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 477,

pi. xix, tig. 12.

£ . Differs from gratiosa in the crimson spots of the fore wing
being smaller ; a postmedial series is present separated from the
marginal streaks, which are short ; the lines brown ; the antemedial
line curved and coalescing at middle with the medial oblique line ;
the postmedial line more angulated ; cilia fuscous.
Hob. Khasis ; Naga Hills. Exp. 28 millim.

1475. Miltochrista esmia, Swinh. A. M. N. H. (6) xii, p. 217.

c? . Pale pink ; fore wing with fuscous streaks on the veins, in
cell, and interne- median interspace, and red streaks in the inter-
spaces.

Hab. Shan States. Exp. 30 millim.

1476. Miltochrista flavivenosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 30, pi. 3,

fig. 18 ; C. $ S. no. 698.

c? . Differs from gratiosa in the fore wing having an excurved
antemedial line, coalescing for a short distance with an incurved
medial band; the postmedial line near the margin and much less
curved, the fuscous streaks beyond it very short and only from
costa to vein 4. Hind wing almost white.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 24 millim.

SECT. III. Antenna3 of male bipectinated.

1477. Miltochrista nubifascia, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 251 ; ButL III. Ret.

v, pi. 86, fig. 11 ; C.&S. no. 686.
Barsine punctifascia, Wlk. Char, undescr. Het. p. 0.
Lyclene indistincta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 33, pi. 3, fig. 9 ;

C. $ S. no. 684.
Lyclene siinpli fascia, Elw. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 389, pi. xxxii, fig. 19.

Head, thorax, and fore wing bright ochreous, the last with a
spot at base; an antemedial series of four spots; two medial

120 AECTIID^E.

slightly curved series of five spots ; a postmedial fascia, which is
sometimes almost obsolete, sometimes very broad and prominent,
with its edges angulated. Abdomen and hind wing pale ochreous.

The form simplifascia has the two medial series of specks on
fore wing straighter and further apart ; indistincta has the markings
almost obsolete.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp., 3 34, $ 40 millim.

1478. Miltochrista melanoleuca, n. sp.

Head white ; thorax white, spotted with black ; abdomen white,
the extremity blackish in male. Fore wing wrhite, the basal costal
area suffused with black ; a subbasal series of black spots and twro
medial series ; a broad irregular submarginal band with denticulate
edges, sending a streak along inner margin towards the base. Hind
wing white, with traces of medial and submarginal maculate bands.

Hab. Sikhim (Holler}. Exp. 36 millim. Type in coll. Elvves.

1479. Miltochrista trimacula, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 85, pi. 157,

figs. 27, 28.

3 . Fuscous brown ; head, collar, and base of patagia orange.
Fore wing with black spots at base, middle, and end of cell ; traces
of a curved postmedial line.

$ . Thorax and ground-colour of fore wing yellow ; the post-
medial line slightly more distinct ; anal tuft greyish.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp., 3 18, $ 20 millim.

Genus TRICHOLEPIS.

Tricholepis, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 44 (1891).

Type, T. erubescent, Hmpsn.

Range. Nilgiris ; Ceylon.

Palpi very minute. Antennas ciliated in both sexes, the cilia
longer in male than female. Abdomen of female with a large anal
tuft. Wings covered with hair-like scales; fore wing long, the
apex produced and rounded ; the outer margin very oblique ; veins
7, 8, 9 stalked ; 11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with vein 3
from before angle of cell ; 5 from above angle ; 6 and 7 stalked ;
8 from beyond middle of cell.

SECT. I. Hind tibia3 with a terminal pair of spurs.

1480. Tricholepis eruhescens, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 44, pi. 139,

figs. 3, 12.

3 . Head and thorax scarlet ; abdomen
and wings black. Fore wing with the
basal area scarlet, extending along the
costa to the middle ; disk slightly suffused
with scarlet.

$ . The anal tuft ochreous ; fore wing

Fig. 74.— Tricholepis much more suffused with scarlet ; the
erubescens, <$ . \. cilia scarlet.

TEICHOLEPIS. — XANTHOCEASPEDA. 121

Larva thickly clothed with short brown hair.
hob. Nilgiri plateau. Exp. 20 inillim.

SECT. II. Hind tibiae with two pairs of spurs.

1481. Tricholepis uniformis, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 86, pi. 157,
fig. 29.

£ . Pale brownish fuscous ; the vertex of head yellowish ; anal
tuft ochreous. Wings semihyaline ; fore wing with a yellowish
tinge.

Hab. Newera Ellia, Ceylon. Exp. 24 millim.

Genus MACHJEROPHORA.

Machairophora, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 86 (1893).

Type, M. fulvipuncta, Hmpsn.

Range. Ceylon.

c? . Antennse bipectinate, the branches very short. Fore tibia
with a short curved spine ; mid and hind tibiae with rather long
terminal pairs of spurs. Wings covered with scales and hair.
Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked ; 11 arising from 10, then
anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ;
6 and 7 on a very long stalk ; 8 from near end of cell.

1482. Machaerophora fulvipuncta, Hmpm. III. Het. ix, p. 86,
pi. 159, tig. 10.

cJ. Head, collar, and tegula3 orange-
yellow ; thorax dark brown, with a few
orange scales. Abdomen and wings very
dark brown ; fore wing with a dusky yellow
patch at centre of inner margin.

The female, Mr. E. E. Green informs
me, is apterous.

Hb Maskelyia, Ceylon. Exp. 20

y y

Genus XANTHOCRASPEDA, nov.

Type, X. man/inata, Wlk.

llange. S. India.

Palpi minute and porrect. Antenna of male with long cilia.
Tibia3 with the spurs of moderate length. Fore wing with vein 3
from before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from angle ; 6 from upper
angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked; 11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing
with vein 3 from before angle of cell, 5 from above the angle ; 6
and 7 stalked ; 8 from near end of cell.

122

1483. Xanthocraspeda marginata, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 274 ; C. $ S.
no. 721.

3 . Head, thorax, and abdomen bright
yellow. Wings dark reddish brown ;
fore wing with the central portion of
costa and basal three-fourths of inner
margin yellow. Hind wing with the
inner margin and cilia towards anal angle
Fig. 76.— Xanthocraspeda yellow.

marginata, J. \. Hob. Coimbatore. Exp. 22 millim.

Genus THUMATHA.
Thumatha, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1900 (1866).

Type, T. fnscescens, Wlk.

Range. Ceylon ; Australia.

Palpi porrect and slender. Antenna bipectinated in male.
Tibia? with the spurs long. Fore wing short and broad ; veins 3,
4, 5 from close to end of cell ; 6 from below upper angle; 7, 8, 9
stalked; 11 anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with veins 3 and
4 stalked ; 5 from angle of cell ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from beyond
the middle of cell.

1484. Thumatha fuscescens, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1901; Hmpsn. Ill
Het. ix. pi. 158, fig. 18.

c? . Pale reddish brown. Fore wing with
traces of ante- and postmedial waved lines ;
a black spot at end of cell ; a spot on the
costa before the apex ; series of submarginal
and marginal specks.

ffab. Ceylon ; Moreton Bay, Australia.
Fig. 77.— Thumatha Evp. 16 millim.
fuacescens, <$ . y.

Genus NUDABIA.

Nudaria, Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 156 (1803).
Rhanghana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 22.

Type, N. mundana, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Europe ; Africa ; throughout India ; Burma ; Australia.

Palpi minute and porrect. Antenna? with the basal joint
swollen and large. Tibia) with the spurs rather short. Fore
wing with the cell long ; veins 9 and 11 present ; vein 5, when
present, often comes from the middle of discocellulars in male, but
is curved, not straight as in the Geometridce. Hind wing with
vein 3 from before angle of cell, 5 from above angle ; 6 and 7 on a
long stalk ; 8 from near end of cell.

JOJDARIA. 123

SECT. T. Fore wing with vein 5 absent ; 6 from below angle
of cell.

A. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked; antennae of male with
the cilia minute.

1485. Nudaria apicalis, Wlk. Cat. ii, p. 521.

c? . Fulvous yellow. Fore wing with a black speck at base of
costa ; a subbasal black spot ; another at end of cell. Hind wing
paler.

In the type from China the anal tuft is black.

Hob. China ; Burma. Exp. 20 millim.

B. Fore winy with veins 7, 8, 9 from angle of cell ; antennas of male
with the cilia long.

1486. Nudaria suffusa, n. sp.

3 . Ochreous white ; the wings suffused with fuscous. Fore
wing with whitish patches at centre of costa, apex, centre of outer
margin, and outer angle. Hind wing with the cilia pale.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 18 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. Fore wing with vein 5 present ; 6 absent ; 7, 8, 9
stalked.

1487. Nudaria fasciata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 36 ; C. $ S. no. 722.

d . Pale ochreous. Fore wing with the costal area suffused
with dark red-browri ; postmedial and apical striae on the costa ;
traces of a postmedial oblique fuscous line ; a marginal series of
specks.

Hab. Sikhim, 10,000 feet. Kvp. 2o millim.

1488. Nudaria margaritacea, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 275; C. 8? S.

no. 724.
Nudaria margaritaria, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 275 ; C. $ S. no. 725.

"White. Fore wing with the basal part of the costa black ; a
basal speck ; antemedial, postmedial, and submargiual angulated

Fig. 78. — Nudaria margaritacea, <$ . \.

fuscous lines, the last sending a spur to centre of outer margin.
Hind wing with an indistinct fuscous spot on centre of costa.
Hab. Sikhim. Kvp. 25 millim.

124 ARCTIID.E.

1489. Nudaria coavestis, n. sp.

cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale ochreous. Tore wing pale
semidiaphanous ochreous, with a straight antemedial hyaline band ;
a hyaline ring-spot at end of cell and curved postmedial band.
Hind wing whitish hyaline.

Hob. Sikhim (Elwes}. Exp. 20 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

SECT. III. (RhangTiana}. Pore wing with vein 5 absent ;
*6 stalked with 7, 8, 9.

*1490. Nudaria punctata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 22, pi. 2, fig. 12 ;
o. 606.

$ . Pale ochreous buff. Fore wing with nine small black
marginal spots ; underside paler.
Hob. Calcutta. Eocp. 30 millim.

Genus PAUEOPSIS.
Palaeopsis, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 86 (1893).

Type, P. diaplianella, Hmpsn.

Range. Naga Hills ; Ceylon.

Palpi short and porrect, the first two joints fringed with long
hairs. Antenna with the basal joint swollen and fringed with
long scales ; the medial spurs of hind tibiae very short. Fore
wing with the cell nearly reaching the apex ; vein 5 from near
centre of discocellulars ; 6, 9, and 11 absent. Hind wing with
vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 5 from above the angle ; 6 and 7
stalked, 8 from near end of cell.

1491. Palaeopsis diaphanella, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 87, pi. 158,
fig. 8.

J . "White ; the wings senridiaphanous.
Tore wing with subbasal and ante-
medial brown spots on the costa ; a
postmedial spot from which runs a
waved line to inner margin; an indis-
tinct patch beyond the cell and three
nella, <$ . }.. large submarginal spots.

Hob. Naga Hills ; Ceylon. Exp. 14 millim.

Genus SCHISTOPHLEPS.

Schistophleps, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii. p. 53 (1891).

Type, S. bipuncta, Hmpsn.

Range. Naga Hills ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon.

Palpi slight and porrect. Antennae with the basal joint swollen

SCHISTOPHLEPS. — CHAMAITA. 125

and clothed with long scales. Tibiae with the spurs rather short.
Fore wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 5 from near
centre of discocellulars ; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10
stalked ; 11 anastomosing with 12 ; 3 veinlets between 12 and the
costa. Hind wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 5 from
above angle ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from near end of cell.

1492. Schistophleps bipuncta, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 54, pi. 140,

Ochreous semidiaphanous white.
Fore wing with an indistinct ante-
medial rufous line, with some
fuscous suffusion on its inner
edge ; black specks at centre and
end of cell ; the postmedial discal
area suffused with rufous; a
Fig g0 series of indistinct submarginal

Schistophleps bipuncta, tf. |. streaks and marginal specks.

Hind wing hyaline.

Hob. JSfaga Hills ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 21 millim.

Genus CHAMAITA.

Chamaita, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 121 (1862).
Homopsyche, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) x, p. 226 (1882).

Type, C. trichopteroides, Wlk., from Borneo.

Range. JS"aga Hills ; Assam; Ceylon; Borneo; New Britain.

Palpi slight and porrect. Antenna? with the basal joint
thickened and very long. Tibiae with the spurs rather short.
Pore wing with the costa hairy and highly arched ; in C. tricho-
pteroides the cell in the male is covered by a fringe of hair arising
from the subcostal nervure ; of the Indian species the males are
unknown ; vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 5 from near centre of
discocellulars ; 6 from below upper angle ; 7 and 8 stalked ; 9
absent; 11 not anastomosing with 12. Hind wing with vein 3
from before angle of cell ; 5 from above angle ; 6 and 7 stalked ;
8 from middle of cell.

SECT. I. Tore wing with vein 10 absent.
1493. Chamaita neuropteroides, n. sp.

2 - Head and thorax white, with a fulvous tinge ; abdomen
white. Wings semidiaphanous white ; fore wing with indistinct
antemedial and medial waved fulvous lines, and submarginal and
marginal series of specks.

Hub. Margharita, Assam ; Kagas (Doherty). Exjp. 20 millim.
Type in coll. Elwes.

126

ARCTIID;E.

SECT. II. Fore wing \vith vein 10 present.
1494. Chamaita nympha, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii. p. 536, pi. 211, fig-. 11.

£ . Differs from neuropteroides in having a fulvous spot at
centre of cell of fore wing.

Hob. Cevlon,

Fig. 81. — Chamaitanympha, 5- T-
Krp. 18 uiillim.

Genus CACYPARIS.

Cacyparis, Wlk. Cat. xxvi, p. 1572 (18(52).
Ballatha, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1214 (1865).

Type, C. insolitata, "Wlk.

Range. Throughout India, Burma, and Ceylon ; Solomons.

Palpi upturned, the 3rd joint very long, slender, and knobbed
at the end. Antenna fasciculate in male. Fore wing broad, the
apex acute; veins 3, 4, 5 from near angle of cell ; 6 from upper
angle ; 9 arising from 10 and anastomosing with 8 to form the
areole. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from angle of cell ; 5 from
above the angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle; 8 from before middle
of cell.

1495. Cacyparis insolitata, Wlk. Cat. xxvi, p. 1572; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. iii. pi. 198, figs. 5, 5 a ; C. $ S. no. 3547.
Ballatha atrotumens, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1215.

Head and thorax purplish grey. Fore wing purplish grey, the
basal area suffused with silver scales and bounded by an ill-defined

silvery band ; a silver band on
discocellulars ; a postinedial
curved silver band with a spot
of raised shining black scales on
the inner margin just witlrin it ;
an oval black subapical spot
ringed with ochreous and bi-
sected by an ochreous line, with
•p. g0 an oblique silver line from the

Cacyparis insolitata, 3 . j-. costa to its inner edge; cilia

silvery. Hind wing ochreous,

suffused with fuscous, except the costal area. Abdomen yellow,
suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Nilgiris ; Ceylon, Step., d 32, $ 36 millim.

CACYPARIS. — CHANDICA. 127

1496. Cacyparis laeta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1215 ; C. 8f S. no. 3548.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale red-brown. Fore wing grey,
suffused with red-brown, except at apex ; two dark specks in end
of cell ; traces near inner margin of dark medial, postmedial, and
submarginal lines. Hind wing bright yellow. Underside bright
yellow ; the whole fore wing suffused with smoky black, except the
apex and a streak from the base to centre of costa.

Hob. Moulmein. Exp. 24 millim.

1497. Cacyparis prunifera, Swinh. MS.

$ . Head and thorax mottled dark and pale brown. Tegulae
with tufts of long white hairs and scales arising from beneath
them. Thorax with the ground-colour white, closely striated all
over with dark purplish brown ; a broken lunulate antemedial
chocolate band ; a large oval chocolate mark beyond the cell, with
a pale outer edge, some orange marks on its inner edge, and plum-
coloured dashes forming its centre ; some purplish marks on the
outer margin. Abdomen and hind wing fuscous.

Hob. Sikhim ; Ceylon. Exp. 40 millim. Type in Mus. Oxon.

Genus CHANDICA.
Chandica, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 286 (1888).

Type, C. qiiadripennis, Moore.

Range. Sikhim; Borneo.

Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head, the 3rd joint short.
Antennae minutely ciliafced in male. Fore wing very broad ; veins
3, 4, 5 from close to angle of cell ; 6 from below upper angle ;
7 and 8 stalked. Hind wing subquadrate ; the outer margin
slightly excised ; veins 3, 4, 5 stalked and much curved ; 6 and 7
from upper angle ; 8 from middle of cell.

1498. Chandica quadripennis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 286.

c? . Head, collar, and legs canary-yellow, slightly marked with
red-brown; thorax ferruginous red, suffused with brown. Fore

wing ferruginous red, crossed by
indistinct nearly straight ante-
medial, and curved and dentate
postmedial lines, the latter with
a diffused dark streak on its
upper portion ; the costa and
outer margin with irregular
canary-yellow bands, with some

brown suffusion on their inner
Chandica qnadripenms, <$ . {. , ,

edges ; some brown specks on

outer margin below the apex. Abdomen and hind wing whitish,
slightly suffused with pink and fuscous.
Hub. Sikhim ; Borneo. Evp. 30 millim.

128 AECTIID^E.

Subfamily NYCTEOLIN^E.

A group of Arctiidce, many of them coloured green, frequent-
ing trees and shrubs. The apex of the fore wing is more or less
produced to a point *.

Larva. Eight pairs of legs : fleshy, with the anal somite tapering
to a point. Halms is smooth, the anal prolegs long, and feeds in
the open; Earias is sparsely covered with hair, has the anal
claspers short, and feeds among rolled-up leaves.

Key to the Genera.

a. Fore wing with an areole.

a'. Fore wing with vein 10 anastomosing

with 7, 8, 9 to form the areole 1. SINNA, p. 128.

b'. Fore wing with vein 9 anastomosing

with 8 to form the areole 6. PARACRAMA, p. 134.

b. Fore wing with no areole.

a'. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9, 10
stalked.

a2. Hind wing with vein 5 absent 3. TYANA, p. 130.

62. Hind wing with vein 5 present .... 4. HALIAS, p. 132.
b'. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked ;
10 from cell.

a2. Palpi upturned 5. EARIAS, p. 132.

b'2. Palpi porrect and very long 9. TOPADESA, p. 1£7

c'. Fore wing with veins 8, 9, 10 stalked,

7 from cell.

a2. Palpi with the 3rd joint naked.
rt3. Hind wing with the outer margin

rounded 2. ARIOLICA, p. 129.

b3. Hind wing with the outer margin

angled 7. SIGLOPHORA, p. 135.

b2. Palpi with the 3rd joint fringed with

scales on the inside 8. GAB ALA, p. 136.

Genus SINNA.

Sinna, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 641 (1865).

Teinopyga, Feld. Reis. Nov. p. 9, pi. 106, fig. 18 (1875).

Type, S. calospila, "Wlk., from Java.

Range. Japan ; China ; Assam ; Java ; Sumatra.

Palpi porrectly upturned, the 3rd joint slender and long.
Antenna3 simple. Tibia3 with the spurs long. Fore wing with
the apex subquadrate ; veins 3, 4, 5 from near lower angle of cell ;
6 from upper angle; 7 forming a small areole with 8, which gives
off 9 and 10. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from lower angle of
cell ; 5 from above angle ; 6 and 7 from upper angle ; 8 from
before middle of cell.

* The Nycteolince approach the Acontiina in the structure of vein 8 of the
hind wing in some forms, but their tree-frequenting habits are very different.

SINNA. — ARIOLICA. ] 29

1499. Sinna dohertyi, Elw. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 400, pi. 33, fig. 5.

cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; palpi orange, tipped with
black ; collar, tegulse, and metathorax marked with orange. Tore
wing white; the basal two-thirds with reticulated dark crimson

Fig. 84. — Sinna dohertyi, <$ . |.

markings ; a yellow streak on middle of inner margin ; an
obliquely curved postmedial orange band ending at outer angle ; an
oblique black subapical streak and series of black marginal spots.
Hind wing white.

$ . The streak on inner margin of fore wing crimson ; the
subapical streak divided into two spots ; palpi white, thorax
marked with crimson.

Hob. Naga Hills; Margharita, Assam. Exp., S 37, $ 42millim.

Genus ARIOLICA.

Ariolica, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 53 (1864).
ChioDomera, Butt. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 18.

Type, A. lineolata, Wlk., from Borneo.

Range. Japan ; Sikhim ; Khasis ; Burma ; Borneo.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head ; the 3rd
joint long. Antenna simple. Tibia3 with the spurs long. Fore
wing with the apex rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 from close to lower
angle of cell ; 6 and 7 from the upper angle ; 8, 9, 10 stalked.
Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked or from cell; 5 from middle
of discocellulars ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from before middle of cell.

*1500. Ariolica triangulifera, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 285.

Head yellow; thorax and abdomen white. Fore wing bright
yellow, with a white patch at base edged by a reddish streak ; a
white spot below centre of costa ; the whole outer area, except
the costa, reddish purple, with a series of white submarginal spots,
the spot at middle large and triangular.

Hab. Cherra Punji. Evp. 22 millim.

1501. Ariolica superba, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 668, pi. 33, fig. 15 ;
C. $ S. no. 510.

c? . Head orange or white ; thorax and abdomen white. Fore
wing silvery white ; a black spot on costa at base, the costa black
in some specimens ; an orange fascia below it; an autemedial
slightly waved orange band with some black scales on its outer
edge ; an oblique waved band from costa beyond the middle to

VOL. II. K

130

ARCTIIDjE.

outer angle, wide at costa and outer angle and bearing a white
spot below the costa ; a triangular orange mark on middle of outer
margin ; cilia dark at apex. Hind wing white.
JJab. Sikhim. Exp. '32 millim.

Fig. 85. — Ariolica superba, <$. \.

1502. Ariolica pulchella, Elwes, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 387, pi. 32, fig. 1-5.

Differs from superba in the markings of the fore wing being
olive-yellow ; no black basal spot on the costa ; the antemedial band
much broader, as also is the oblique band, the subapical patch being
much reduced.

Nab. Sikhim ; E. Pegu. Exp. 26-30 millim.

Genus TYANA.
Tyana, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1776 (I860).

Type, T. callichlora, Wlk.

Range. Nepal ; Sikhim ; Bhutan.

Palpi porrect and slender. Antennae minutely ciliated. Fore
wing with the apex produced and acute ; veins 3, 4, 5 from near
angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind
wing with the apex acute ; veins 3 and 4 from angle of cell ;
5 absent ; 6 and 7 from upper angle ; 8 from middle of cell.

SECT. I. Hind wing of male with a fold on the inner margin
containing flocculent masses of hair.

1503. Tyana callichlora, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1776 ; Butl. III. Het. vi,

pi. 105, figs. 2, 3 ; C.$ S. no. 504.

c? . Head pale red-brown, the frons and vertex white ; palpi
with a yellow ring ; collar and tegulse white ; thorax green, fringed

Fig. 86. — Tyana callichlora, rf.

with red-brown scales ; a pair of white spots on metathorax.
Fore wing green, with slight yellowish striae ; a white spot outlined
with red-brown at base ; costa pale ; a red- brown spot at origin of

TYANA. 131

vein 2 ; outer margin with a series of small white specks on a
narrow red-brown band. Abdomen and hind wing whitish, with a
yellowish-fuscous tinge.

$ . Fore wing with the yellowish striae much more prominent ;
an antemedial red-brown spot on the costa variable in size or
sometimes absent ; the spot at origin of vein 2 larger ; a broad
marginal red-brown band, widest at middle and outer angle.
Abdomen and hind wing pure white.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp., <$ 40, $ 36 millim.

1504. Tyana pustulifera, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1773; Butl III. Hef.

vi, pi. 105, tig. 7 ; C. 8f S. no. 508.
Tyana flatoides, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 285.

Differs from callichlora in the vertex of head, collar, and tegulae
being yellow with red markings ; metathorax without white specks.
Fore wing more acute at apex ; uniform green, without yellow
striae or red and white markings, except a white spot at base out-
lined with red and the costa pale ; cilia yellow.

£ with a yellow red-ringed spot at end of cell of fore wing
variable in size and sometimes with a brown dot below it.

The iorrnflatoides has a large red-brown patch ou the fore wing
from lower angle of cell to inner margin, some specimens having
a white spot at its apex.

Hob. Nepal. Exp., <$ 44, £ 38-46 millim.

SECT. II. Hind wing of male without the fold and gland
on inner margin.

1505. Tyana chloroleuca, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1777 ; Butl III Het.

vi, pi. lOo, figs. 5, 6 ; C.8f 8. no. 505.
Tyana speculatrix, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) vi, 1880, p. 64 ; C. $ S.

no. 509.

Tyana lancina, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) vi, 1880, p. 65 ; C. # S.
"no. 507.

Differs from pustulifera in the head, collar, and tegulae being
yellow. Fore wing with the basal patch yellow, only slightly
outlined with red. Abdomen and hind wing pure white in both
sexes.

The form speculatrix has a large red -brown patch at lower angle
of cell with two or three ochreous spots on it ; in chloroleuca these
are reduced to two red-brown specks, in lancina they are com-
pletely absent.

JIab. Sikhim ; Bhutan. Exp., <$ 36, $ 38 millim.

1506. Tyana falcata, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1772; Butl. Ill Het. vi,

pi. 105, fig. 9; CX #& no. 506.

$ . Differs from chloroleuca in the head, collar, and tegulae being
green. Fore wing uniform green, with two red-brown specks at
angles of cell ; costa darker ; cilia slightly yellowish.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 34 millim.

K2

132 AECTIID.E.

Genus HALIAS.

Halias, Treitschke, Schmett. Eur. vii,p. 227 (1829).
Hylophila, Hiibn. Verz. p. 396 (1818), non descr.
Cloephora, Steph. Syst. Cat. Brit. Ins. pt. 2, p. 168 (1829).

Type, H. prasinana, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Europe ; Japan ; Naga Hills.

Palpi upturned, slender, and reaching above vertex of head.
Antennae minutely ciliated. Tibiae with the spurs loDg. Pore
wing with the apex acute ; veins 3, 4, 5 from close to angle of
cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with
veins 3 and 4 on a short stalk, 5 from lower angle of cell, 6 and 7
from upper angle, 8 from before middle of cell.

1507. Halias orientalis, n. sp.

$ . Head, thorax, and fore wing very pale green, the last with

Fig. 87.— Halias orientalis, $. \.

the costa yellowish ; ante- and postmedial oblique yellow lines ;
cilia yellow. Abdomen and hind wing white.

Hab. Naga Hills, 6000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 36 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

Genus EAEIAS.

Earias, Hiibn. Verz. p. 395 (1818).

Aphusia, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 769 (1857).

Digba, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 198 (1862).

Type, E. clorana, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Europe ; Africa ; Mauritius ; Japan ; China ; throughout
India, Burma, and Ceylon ; Siarn ; Java ; Australia.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the
3rd porrect and varying in length. Antennae minutely ciliated
in male. Fore wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from near angle of cell,
6 from upper angle, 7, .8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3 and
4 stalked, 5 absent, 6 and 7 from upper angle, 8 from centre of
cell.

EAEIAS. 133

1508. Earias insulana, Boisd. Faun. Madag. p. 121. pi. 16, fig. 9

C. $ S. no. 500.

Earias tristrigosa, Butl. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 614 ; C. fy S. no. 503.
Earias smaragdinana, Zell. Lep. Caffr., K. Vet.-Akad. Handl 1852,

p. 79.

Earias frondosana, Wlk. Cat. xxvii, p. 204.
Earias simillima, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1775.
Earias siliquana, Staint. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) v, 1867, p. Ixxxix.
Earias gossypii, Frauenfeld, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1867r

p. 791.
Earias biplaga, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1773.

Head, thorax, and fore wing pea-
green, the last with three angled
indistinct lines — medial, postinedial,
and submarginal. Hind wing semi-
diaphanous white : the outer margin
slightly fuscous below the apex.

Some African specimens have the
Fig. 88. area between the first two lines of

Earias insulana, <$. 1. the fore wing filled in with fuscous

brown towards inner margin.

Hob. Throughout Africa ; Mauritius; Baluchistan; N. and S.
India : Burma ; Siam. Exp. 22 millim.

1509. Earias fabia, Stottj Cram. Pap. Exot. iv, pi. 355, fig. H.
Aphusia speiplena, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 770 ; C. fy S. no. 502.
Earias hiigeli, Rogenh. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1870, p. 872;

C. $ S. no. 501.
Micra partita, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 799.

Differs from insulana in the head and thorax being ochreous
white ; fore wing without lines, but with broad white bauds along
costa and inner margin, leaving only the middle third green.

Hob. Punjab; Calcutta; Granjain ; S. India; Ceylon; Java
Exp. 32 milliin.

1510. Earias chromataria, Wlk. Cat. xxvii, p. 204 ; C. $ S. no. 499.
Earias limbana, Snett. Tijds. Ent. xxii, 1879, p. 97, pi. 8, fig. 2.
Earias fervida, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1774.
Earias fulvidana, Wallengr. Wien. ent. Mon. 1863, p. 143.

Head and thorax pale green ; palpi pinkish. Eore wing pale
green ; the basal part of the costa suffused with pinkish yellow ;
two red-brown specks towards end of cell; an irregular brown
marginal band with yellow on its inner edge. Abdomen and hind
wing white.

Hob. Throughout Africa, India, and Ceylon ; Japan ; Java.
Exp. 20 millim.

134

1511. Earias uninotata, Wlk.Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 198.

Earias annulifera, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1774 ; Hmpsn. III. Ret. ix,

pi. 157, fig. 18.
Earias sulphuraria, Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii, p. 490, pi. 208, fig. 10.

Head, thorax, and fore wing bright canary-yellow ; very indis-
tinct ante- and postmedial greenish lines ; the outer margin tinged
with green ; a brown annulus on the discocellulars. Hind wing
semidiaphanous white : the apex suffused with yellow.

In the variety sulphur aria the markings of the fore wing are
almost entirely obsolete.

Hab. Nilgiris ; Ceylon; Sumatra; Java. Exp. 20-24 millim.

1512. Earias luteolaria, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 46, pi. 139, fig. 16.

2 . Differs from uninotata, var. tulphuraria, in the outer
margin of the fore wing being narrowly red-brown ; the cilia
purplish.

Hab. Nagas ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 26 millim.

Genus PARACRAMA.
Paracrania, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 54 (1884).

Type, P. dulcissima, Wlk.

Range. Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Naga Hills ; Andamans ; Borneo.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd and 3rd joints very long. Antennae
minutely ciliated. Pore wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from near angle
of cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 9 rising from 10 and anastomosing
with 8 to form the areole. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from
angle of cell ; 5 from above the angle ; 6 and 7 from upper angle ;
8 from before centre of cell.

1513. Paracrama dulcissima, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 76;

Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 150, fig. 11 ; C. 8f S. no. 1912.
Paracrama rectomarginata, Hmpsn. 111. Het. viii, p. 46, pi. 139,

fig. 7.

Fig. 89. — Paracrama dulcissima, J. \.

Palpi and legs pink and brown, their inner surfaces white.
Antennae brown ; head and thorax pea-green ; abdomen white,
suffused with pink. Fore wing pea-green ; pale oblique ante- and
postmedial lines, the latter angled below the costa ; a pink patch

PAEACEAMA. — SIGLOPHOEA. 135

on inner margin near the base ; costa pinkish purple ; a marginal
pinkish-purple band, narrowest at middle. Hind wing whitish,
suffused with pink towards outer margin.

The form rectomarginata has the marginal purplish border of
the fore wing narrow, expanding into a patch at the apex.

Hob. JSTagas ; Nilgiris ; Ceyion ; Andamans ; Borneo. Exp.9
<3 25, $ 28-34 millim.

1514. Paracrama saturata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 774 j C. $ S.

no. 1790.
Paracrama olivacea, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 87, pi. 157, fig. 17.

Head pale red ; thorax olive or bright glaucous green ; abdomen
fuscous, suffused with red towards extremity. Fore wing olive
or bright glaucous green, the costa pale red ; subbasal and post-
medial pale waved lines, with darker green beyond the former and
before the latter ; a series of marginal black specks ; cilia tipped
with red. Hind wing smoky black ; a dark red patch on middle
of outer margin ; cilia of apical half of wing red.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 24 millim.

Genus SIGLOPHOEA.

Siglophora, Butl P. Z. S. 1892, p. 123.

Type, S. bella, Butl.

Range. Sikhim ; Borneo.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the
3rd short and porrect. Antennae minutely ciliated in male.
Fore wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from near angle of cell, 6 and 7 from
upper angle, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with the outer margin
angled at vein 3 ; veins 3 and 4 stalked, 5 from angle of cell,
6 and 7 from upper angle, 8 from centre of cell.

1515. Siglophora sanguinolenta, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 285.

rf . Head and thorax canary -yellow, spotted with red ; abdomen
ochreous, with reddish bands. Fore wing canary-yellow, spotted

Fig. 90. — Siglophora sanguinolenta, rf . $.

with red ; a purplish -brown subbasal band with waved red edges ;
a large purplish red-brown blotch occupying the whole outer half

136 AECTIID^.

of the wing except the costa. Hind wing with the basal half
white; the outer fuscous; cilia pinkish. Underside white, with
a fuscous blotch on outer area of fore wing.
Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 26 millim.

Genus GABALA.
Gabala, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1220 (1865).

Type, G. polyspilalis, Wlk.

Range. Japan, Sikhim, and throughout the Western Ghats and
Malabar coast.

Palpi upturned, the 1st joint very long and fringed with scales
on its inner side, the 3rd short and fringed on both sides.
Antennae minutely ciliated. The first segment of abdomen with
paired corneous bolt-like processes on the underside, each with a
tuft of scales. Fore wing with the apex acute ; outer margin
angled at vein 5 ; vein 6 from below angle of cell ; 7 from the
angle ; 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with the outer margin angled
at vein 2 ; anal angle truncate ; a large tuft of hair on inner
margin ; median nervure and vein 2 fringed with long hair; veins
3 and 4 stalked ; 5 from above angle ; 6 and 7 from upper angle of
cell ; 8 from centre of cell.

1516. Gabala polyspilalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1221; C. $ S.
no. 2948.

Head and thorax ochreous, tesselated with silvery-white spots,
outlined in red-brown ; abdomen ochreous, with a slight dorsal
red-brown streak on first two segments. Tore wing red-brown •

Fig. 91. — Gdbala polyspilalis, $. \.

some tesselated ochreous and white spots on basal area and at
apex and outer margin ; the veins at end of cell pale ; a black
postmedial streak above inner margin ; some pale postmedial
lunules centred with black on the disk ; costa towards apex and
cilia bright yellow. Hind wing ochreous, sometimes suffused with
fuscous; a marginal red line and the cilia red from apex to
vein 2.

Hob. Sikhim and throughout the Western Ghats and Malabar
coast. Exp. 24 millim.

TOPADESA. 137

Genus TOPADESA.
Topadesa, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 280 (1882).

Type, T. sanguinea, Moore.

Range. Sikhim.

Palpi porrect, the 2nd joint angled, the 2nd and 3rd joints
very long. Antennae minutely ciliated. First segment of abdo-
men with very large paired corneous belt-like processes on the
underside without tut'ts of scales. Pore wing with the costa
arched near the base ; the apex acute, the outer margin excurvecl
at veins 2, 3, 4 ; veins 3, 4, 5 from near angle of cell ; 6 from
upper angle ; 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with the apex acute,
outer margin excurved at centre ; veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 from
above angle of cell ; 6 and 7 on a short stalk ; 8 from centre of
cell.

1517. Topadesa sanguinea, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 280; C. $ S.
no. 4755.

J . Palpi red and yellow below, purplish brown above ; abdo-
men fuscous. Pore wing fiery red, suffused with brown, especially

Fig. 92. — Topadesa sanguinea, $. \.

on costal area ; a yellow basal streak on the costa ; a white spot
at end of cell on a vermilion patch ; costa at apex, outer margin,
and cilia bright canary-yellow. Hind wing ochreous.
Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 28 millim.

Subfamily NOLIN.E.

The species of this group of Arctiidce are of small or moderate
size, with buttons or ridges of raised scales on the fore wing; they
live chiefly on the trunks of trees, and on the lichens growing
there the larva) feed *.

Larvce with eight pairs of legs and sparsely covered with hair.

* The NoUncs approach closely the Noctuid subfamily Sarrolhripince,
from some of the forms of which they are hardly structurally separable.

138 AECTIID^.

Key to the Genera.

a. Palpi porrect.

a'. Fore wing- with veins 9 and 10

absent.
a2. Hind wing triangular, the outer

margin straight 1. DELTAPTERUM, p. 138.

b2. Hind wing rounded.

a3. Palpi of moderate length 2. No LA, p. 138.

b3. Palpi very long 3. RHYNCHOPALPUS, p. 142.

b'. Fore wing with veins 9 and 10

present 4. PISAHA, p. 144.

b. Palpi upturned 5. SKLCA, p. 140.

Genus DELTAPTERUM, nov.

Type, D. peguense, Hrnpsn.

Range. Burma.

Palpi of moderate length, porrect, and thickly sealed. Antennae
of male fasciculate. Mid tibiae with one pair of spurs, hind tibiae
with two pairs. Fore wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle
of cell ; 6 from upper angle ; 7 and 8 stalked; 9 and 10 absent.
Hind wing triangular ; the outer margin straight ; anal angle
slightly lobed ; veins 3 and 4 from angle of cell, 5 absent, 6 and 7
from upper angle. A longitudinal fold in cell of fore wing on
underside.

1518. Deltapterum peguense, n. sp.

c? . Grey. Fore wing with some black striae on the costa ; very-
indistinct ante- and postmedial curved lines ; two waved submar-

Fig. 93. — Deltapterum peguense, <$. \.

ginal lines. Hind wing white. Underside of fore wing with
black scales in the longitudinal fold.

Hob. E. Pegu, 4000 feet (Dolierty). Exp. 19 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

Genus NOLA.

Nola, Leach, Edinb. Encyl ix, p. 135 (1815).

Roeselia, Hubn. Verz. p. 397 (1818).

Uraba, Wlk. Cat. xxviii, p. 448 (18G3).

Toxoloma, Feld. Reis. Nov. p. 9, pi. 100, fig. 16 (1875).

NOLA. 139

Tribunta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1506 (1865).

Lebena, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1901 (1866).

Minnagora, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1902.

Argyrophyes, Grote, Bull. Buffalo Soc. i, 1874, p. 175.

Sorocostia, Rosenst. A. M. N. H. (5) xvi, 1885, p. 435.

Type, N. cucullatella, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Universally distributed.

Palpi porrect, of moderate length, and thickly scaled. Antennae
fasciculated in male. Mid tibiae with one pair of spurs, hind
tibiae with two pairs. Fore wing with vein 5 from angle of cell ;
6 from upper angle ; 7 and 8 stalked ; 9 and 10 absent. Hind
wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; 5 absent ; 6 and 7
stalked ; 8 from middle of cell.

SECT. I. Fore wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; palpi
with the 3rd joint nearly naked.

1519. Nola basimicans, n. sp.

cJ • Fore wing with the basal half bright golden brown, the
outer half grey ; slightly recurved and irregular subbasal, medial,
postmedial, and submargina] lines ; a marginal line ; two raised
tufts of scales in the cell. Hind wing white, with a fuscous tinge
towards outer margin. Underside of fore wing suffused with
fuscous.

Hob. E. Pegu, 4000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 13 niillim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. Fore wing with veins 3 and 4 from cell ; palpi
with the 3rd joint heavily scaled.

1520. Nola fragilis, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 184.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Fore wing white ; an
autemedial red and dark brown band from the costa ending in a
point on vein 1 ; a broad medial red-brown band with irregularly
placed patches of silver scales on it ; an indistinct submarginal
fuscous waved line ; some fuscous suffusion on the margin. Hind
wing white.

Hob. Rangoon. Exp. 14 millim.

1521. Nola erythrostigmata, n. sp.

<3 . White. Fore wing with a basal dark patch ; two red-brown
spots on the costa, with a diffused fuscous band outwardly edged
by a double waved line from below them to inner margin ; a
submarginal waved line. Hind wing white, with a slight fuscous
suffusion and indistinct spot at end of cell. Underside of fore
wing suffused with fuscous ; hind wing with dark specks on the
costa and distinct spot at end of cell.

Hab. ]Sraga Hills (Doherty). Exp. 13 millim. Type in coll.
Elwes.

140 AECTIID^E.

1522. Nola denticnlata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 287.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; vertex of thorax and
basal segment of abdomen black above. Fore wing white, slightly
suffused with brown; indistinct antemedial, medial, postmedial,
and submarginal lines, the postmedial line denticulate, the others
waved ; the area between the subbasal and medial lines suffused
with black; the basal two-thirds of wing irrorated with a few
silvery-white scales. Hind wing white, with a slight fuscous
tinge.'

Hob. Sikhim ; Nagas. Exp. 32 mi Him.

1523. Nola confusalis, Herr.-Schiiffer, Eur. Schmett. ii, p. 164.
Roeselia sikkima, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 287.

Head and thorax grey, irrorated
with brown; abdomen pale fuscous.
Fore wing white, suffused and irro-
rated with brown ; some dark stria3
on the costa ; an indistinct angled
antemedial line ; a dark patch at
middle of costa ; an indistinct ex-
curved double postmedial line ; a
waved submarginal line. Hind
wing fuscous.
Hab. Europe ; Sikhim, 7-10,000 feet. Exp. 22 millim.

1524. Nola grisalis, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 88, pi. 158, fig. 9.

Differs from confusalis in having the palpi black at sides ; a
dark speck on the costa of fore wing near base ; the medial patch
reduced to a speck, the postmedial and submarginal lines to series
of specks.

Bab. Ceylon. Exp. 22 millim.

1525. Nola angulata, M oore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 393 ; Butl III. Het. vii,

pi. 122, fig. 14.
Roeselia fraterna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 393.

Differs from confusalis in having a dark basal patch on costa of
fore wing ; the antemedial line broad and evenly curved.

Hab. Dharmsala; Sikhim; Kilgiris ; Ceylon. j£rp., rf 16,
$ 20 millim.

1526. Nola astigma, n. sp.

Differs from angulata in the fore wing being suffused with
brown ; the antemedial curved band more prominent, and with
a diffused brown band inside it ; the double postmedial waved line
more prominent ; the irregular submarginal line also more
prominent ; no dark medial patch on costa ; the area between the

NOLA. 141

raised tufts in the cell depressed. Underside of hind wing with a
dark spot at end of cell.

Hob. Sikhitn (Elwes} ; Naga Hills, 3000 feet ; Manipur, 6000
feet (Doherty). Exp. 21 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

1527. Nola ceylonica, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 88, pi. 158, fig. 13.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish white. Fore wing
white, suffused with brown and irrorated with a few black scales ;
two medial black patches on the costa, the first with a waved line
from it to inner margin ; postinedial and submarginal nearly
straight series of black specks. Hind wing pale fuscous.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 12 millim.

1528. Nola pascua, Swinh. P. Z. S. 188-5, p. 293, pi. 20, fig. 6 ; Hmpsn.

III. Het. ix, pi. 175, tig. 9 (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 640.

Differs from confusalis in having the ground-colour of body and
wings pure white ; a pale brown subbasal costal patch ; large pro-
minent medial and postmedial costal patches ; the double curved
postinedial and waved submarginal lines edged with dark scales.

Larva. Head brown ; the first two somites reddish, third to ninth
yellow ; broad black sublateral stripes on fourth to sixth somites
continued as narrow lines to the ninth; the last two somites
reddish ; dorsal area darker, a purple lateral stripe ; each somite
with four to six fasciculi of short pale hairs. Feeds in fleshy
shoots of Rulus, but spins in the open.

JIab. JNagas ; Poona ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp., <3 14, $ 19
millim.

1529. Nola tunmlifera, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 88, pi. 158, fig. 19.

Differs from pascua in having the palpi blackish at sides ; the
basal half of costa of fore wing suffused with red-brown ; the sub-
basal and medial patches absent ; the postmedial line single and
consisting of a series of almost conjoined black specks ; the sub-
marginal waved line not edged \vith black scales. Hind wing very
pale fuscous.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 17 millim.

1530. Nola nigrifascia, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 48, pi. 139, fig. 15.

£ . Differs from tumulifera in having the palpi white at sides ;
the brown suffusion on the costa of fore wing absent ; the post-
medial line of black specks more curved and with some fuscous
suffusion before it.

Hab. Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 26 millim.

1531. Nola hampsoni, Kirly, Cat. Het. p. 376.

Nola minuta, Ilmpsn. III. Het. viii,p. 48, pi. 139, fig. 14 (prceocc.).

cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown. Fore wing pale

142 ARCTIID^E.

brown irrorated with black scales ; traces of subbasal, antemedial,
and medial dark costal patches, of an antemedial waved line, and
postmedial and submarginal series of specks. Hind wing pale
fuscous.

ffab. Nagas ; Margharita, Assam ; Nilgiri plateau. Exp. 14
millim.

1532. Nola lativittata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 286.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white. Pore wing white, with a
broad oblique brown band from the basal half of costa to inner
margin beyond middle ; two dark specks on it in the cell ; a post-
medial line joining the oblique band at inner margin ; a short
striga from costa before apex ; a marginal band widest at middle.
Hind wing white ; the apical area suffused with pale brown.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 20 millim.

1533. Nola major, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 48, pi. 139, fig. 13.

5 . Palpi black at sides ; head and thorax greyish white ; abdo-
men brownish fuscous, with pale segmental bands. Pore wing
white or grey ; a blackish basal patch on the costa ; another at
middle ; traces of antemedial and medial lines ; a dentate post-
medial line sometimes reduced to specks on the nervules ; an
indistinct diffused waved submarginal band ; some marginal suffu-
sion and a series of black specks ; cilia chequered pale and dark
fuscous. Hind wing dark fuscous.

Hob. Nilgiris, western slopes, 3000 feet. Exp. 26 millim.

1534. Nola negrita, n. sp.

3 . Uniform fuscous ; fore wing with a doubly angled ante-
medial black line ; a curved medial line ; a deep black mark on the
discocellulars ; a doubly curved postmedial line.

Hal. Bangalore (Minchiri). Exp. 14 millim. Type in coll.
Druce.

Genus RHYNCHOPALPUS.
Rhynchopalpus, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 89 (1893).

Type, R. Irundlus, Hmpsn.

Range. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Naga Hills ; Burma ; Nilgiris ;
Ceylon.

Palpi long and porrect, the first two joints thickly scaled.
Antenna3 heavily bipectinated in male. Mid tibia3 with one pair
of spurs, hind tibiaB with two pairs. Pore wing with vein 3 from
before angle of cell ; 4 and 5 from the angle ; 6 from upper angle;
7 and 8 stalked ; 9 and 10 absent. Hind wing with vein 3 from
before angle of cell ; 5 absent ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from middle
of cell.

BHYNCHOPALPUS. 143

SECT. I. Palpi very long.

1535. Rhynchopalpus argentalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 89 j

G. $ S. no. 4500.

Palpi black, the end of 2nd joint and 3rd white. Head
and thorax white, the latter spotted with black ; abdomen pale
fuscous. Fore wing white, suffused with fuscous and irroratecl
with silvery scales ; a large basal blackish patch ; another on the
central costal area ; some marginal blackish suffusion ; traces of

antemedial, medial, postmedial,
and submarginal waved lines.
Hind wing pale fuscous ; a dark
line on discocellulars ; cilia of
both wings chequered pale and
dark fuscous, the tips dark.

Larva pale yellow, the 1st and
Fig. 95. terminal somite orange ; paired

EJiynchopalpus arg entails, $. \. black dorsal spots on 3rd somite

and single spots on 6th, 10th,

and llth somites; a tuft of reddish hair from behind the head, to
which are attached the various cast skins of the head, the first
moult at the apex and the others at intervals ; thus mimicking
a Coccid which lives on the same leaves and carries its exuviae on
the anal segments. The tuft of hair with the exuviae of head is
attached to the cocoon, which is spun on a twig and covered with
scales of bark (Harford, Dudgeon}.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exp. 34 millim.

1536. Rhynchopalpus dentatus, n. sp.

2 • Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish ; thorax with the vertex
more or less suffused with fuscous ; abdomen with fuscous dorsal
tufts. Fore wing pale brown ; a broad fuscous medial band edged
with black, the orbicular and reniform spots formed by tufts of
raised white scales, the band sends a long tooth outwards beyond
the lower angle of cell and has a diffused white band beyond it,
then a blackish band with a lunulate white line on its outer edge ;
a lunulate black marginal line ; cilia fuscous, with pale streaks at
the veins. Hind wing pale fuscous ; a curved medial black line
bent inwards below the cell.

Hab. Dalhousie (Harford). Exp. 34 millim.

1537. Rhynchopalpus brunellus, Hmnsn. III. Het. ix, p. 89, pi. 158,

fig. 31.

Head and thorax white, slightly irrorated with black, the collar
sometimes banded with black; abdomen brownish white. Fore
wing white, suffused with pale brown and irrorated with black ;
oblique ante- and postmedial series of black specks ; a marginal
series of specks ; traces of a pale submarginal line ; the brown
suffusion deepest on costa before the postmedial specks and on the

144

margin, more prominent in some specimens than others. Hind
wing white or fuscous.

Hob. Nagas ; Ceylon. Exp. 21 nrillim.

1538. Rhynchopalpus fasciatus, n. sp.

cJ . Brownish grey. Tore wing with an erect black somewhat
irregular medial band ; an inwardly oblique series of postmedial
black specks on the nervules from the costa to vein 2 ; traces of a
submarginal wraved line ; the nervules of the outer area fuscous.
Hind wing pale fuscous.

Hob. Naga Hills, 6000 feet (DoJierty). Exp. 13 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. Palpi somewhat shorter.

1539. Rhynchopalpus cingalesa, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, p. 66, pi. 104,

fig. 1 ; C. 8f S. no. 728.

Eoeselia culaca, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 137, pi. 8,
fig. 9.

cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; palpi blackish at sides.
Fore wing white ; a black spot on the costa at base ; a curved
antemedial line with dark spots on it at costa and middle of cell ;
a highly curved medial line joined at lower angle of cell by an erect
line from the costa ; traces of postmedial and submarginal waved
lines. Hind wing white, with a slight fuscous tinge.

Hob. Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 20 millim.

Genus PISARA.
Pisara, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. 1862, p. 117.

Type, P. opalina, Wlk., from Borneo.

Range. Ceylon ; Burma ; Borneo.

Palpi porrect, thickly scaled, and of moderate length. Antennae
fasciculated in male. Mid tibiaB with one pair of spurs, hind tibisB
with two pairs. Fore wing with vein 3 from before end of cell ;
4 and 5 from the end ; 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3
and 4 stalked ; 5 from angle of cell ; 6 and 7 from upper angle ;
8 from middle of cell.

SECT. I. Fore wing with vein 6 present.
1540. Pisara acontioides, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. 1862, p. 118.

$ . Head and thorax pure white ; abdomen pale fuscous. Fore

2ISABA. 145

wing pure white ; a large fuscous patch on the basal half of the

costa ; a dark postmedial curved
line, the area beyond it fuscous
except at apex ; tufts of opales-
cent scales on the basal patch, at
and beyond the end of cell, on
the postmedial line and marginal
fuscous area. Hind wing white ;

Fig. 96.— Pisara acontioides, tf. \. the outer area suffused with

fuscous.
Hab. Ceylon ; Borneo. Exp. 18 millim.

SECT. II. Tore wing with vein 6 absent.

1541. Pisara lucidalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 245.

$. Head and thorax pure white; abdomen whitish fuscous.
Fore wing white ; a triangular subbasal brown patch on the costa ;
a medial band from the costa to vein 1 ; a postmedial band with
waved outer edge ; some reddish-brown suffusion on outer area ;
a fan-shaped tuft of long scales at end of cell. Hind wing white ;
a dark line on the discocellulars ; the outer area suffused with
fuscous.

Hab. Ceylon ; Borneo. Exp. 16 millim.

1542. Pisara rufescens, n. sp.

3 . Head, thorax, and abdomen white, the last with a fuscous
tinge. Fore wing with the basal area white ; the outer half from
a point on the costa before the middle and on inner margin at the
postmedial line suffused with rufous, the apex being pale ; patches
of purplish-grey scales at centre of costa and outer angle ; a post-
medial line excurved round end of cell. Hind wing pale reddish
brown.

Hab. Eangoon (Scott). Exp. 18 millim. Type in B. M.

1543. Pisara laminata, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 75, pi. 145, fig. 5.

£ . Head and thorax white ; abdomen fuscous, ringed with
white. Fore wing white ; a brown and black basal patch on the
costa ; traces of an antemedial curved black line ; a large black
and brown triangular medial patch on the costa, suffused with
raised metallic scales ; a postmedial line highly excurved beyond
the cell, the whole area beyond it — except the costal area, which has
some pale brown marks on it — black, suffused with raised metallic
scales. Hind wing and underside fuscous.

Hab. Nilgiris. Exp. 24 millim.

1544. Pisara argyria, n. sp.

c? . Silvery white. Fore wing with a black spot on base of

VOL. II. L

146 ABCTIID^E.

costa ; a large black-brown medial snbtriangular costal patch, and
black spot below end of cell ; indistinct sinuous postmedial and
submarginal lines; the area beyond the postmedial line rufous,
except the costal portion. Hind wing whitish, slightly suffused
with fuscous towards apex. '

Hob. Sikhim(AVp^). Exp. 26 niillim. Type in coll. Knyvett.

1545. Pisara semirufa, n. sp.

Head and collar white ; thorax and abdomen rufous, suffused
with white. Pore wing with the base and outer half rufous ; the
medial area white ; sinuous antemedial, postmedial, and submar-
ginal dark lines, the two latter highly excurved beyond cell, the
postmedial line with blackish suffusion inside it. Hind wing pale
ochreous.

Hob. Sikhim (Knyvett). Exp. 22 millim. Type in coll. Knyvett.

Genus SELCA.

Selca, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1218 (1865).
Callinola,, Butt. Ill Het. vii, p. 33 (1889).

Type, S. latifascialis, Wlk., from Borneo.

Ranye. S. America ; Himalayas ; Naga Hills ; Borneo.

Palpi upturned, not reaching vertex of head. Antennae bipecti-
nate. Mid tibiae with one pair of spurs, hind tibiaB with two pairs.
Pore wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell; 4 and 5 from the
angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with
vein 5 from above angle of cell ; 6 and 7 stalked ; 8 from centre
of cell.

SECT. I. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked, or 4 rarely
absent ; antennae of male with the branches long.

1546. Selca scripta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 393 ; Butl III. Het. vii.

pi. 122, fig. 13.
Rceselia inscripta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 287.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish grey. Pore wing
grey ; a double antemedial brown and black line ; a medial black

line consisting of black streaks on
the nervules beyond the cell and a
waved line below it ; a double
postmedial black and brown line ;
a series of submarginal specks on
the veins, those nearest the apex
.-S^a scripta, 3. |. and outer angle large. Hind wing

pale tuscous.
Hcib. Kangra ; Sikhim. Exp. 20 millim.

SELCA. 147

1547. Selca strigivena, n. sp.

c? . Differs from scripta in the head, thorax, and abdomen being
pale brown. Fore wing with the curved ante- and postmedial
lines single and without the brown lines parallel to them; the
medial line less irregular; the submarginalline very indistinct and
without the dark patches near apex and outer angle ; the nervures
of the outer area streaked with black.

Hob. Sikhim interior (Moller). Exp. 31 millim. Type in coll.
Elwes.

1548. Selca ascripta, n. sp.

c? . Fore wing grey, with a broad fuscous band along the costa
from the base to near apex, where it expands into a large patch,
sending a spur to outer margin above the centre and leaving the
apex grey ; traces of a waved postmedial line ; a more distinct
submarginal waved line. Hind wing pale fuscous.

ffab. Naga Hills, 3000 feet (Doherty}. Exp. 28 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

1549. Selca nitida, n. sp.

$ . Head and thorax white, irrorated with brown ; palpi and
antennas black. Fore wing silvery white ; a black basal patch on
the costa ; an antemedial angled line with a blackish patch beyond
it on the costa and a black spot in the cell ; a postmedial line
angled beyond the low^er angle of cell ; a submargiual dentate line
starting from a black patch on the costa ; the area between the
ante- and postmedial lines slightly suffused with brown-; a marginal
black line ; cilia pale, streaked with black at the veins. Abdomen
and hind wing fuscous.

Hob. Manipur ; E. Pegu (Doherty). Exp. 22-29 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. Hind wing with vein 4 absent ; antennae of male with
the branches short.

1550. Selca indistincta, n. sp.

cJ . Fore wing grey, suffused with fuscous ; traces of numerous
waved dark lines. Hind wing pale fuscous. Underside fuscous,
with a dark spot at end of cell of hind wing.

Hob. Naga Hills, 3000 feet (Dolierty}. Exp. 17 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

Species formerly recorded as Indian which are omitted.

Cycnia sparsigutta, Wlk., C. & S. no. 852. Type lost ; description
unrecognizable.

L 2

148 AGABISTID^.

Hypoprepia ? hcematopus, Feld., C. & S. no. 630, is a Tinea.

Callimorpha venus, Prittwitz, C. & S. no. 730, probably =
Eucyane amica, Cram., from Surinam.

Pentacitrotus vulneratus, Butl., C. & S. no. 733, is a Tinea.

Cydosia punctella, Cram., -C. & S. no. 634, is a Tinea.

Barsine tripartita, Wlk., C. & S. no. 708. Type lost ; description
not recognizable.

Spilosoma fasifrons, Wlk., C. & S. no. 756. Type lost ; de-
scription not recognizable.

Family AGARISTID^E.

A family of day-flying or crepuscular moths of bright colours,
with stout bodies, simple antennae dilated distally, and the terminal
joint of the palpi naked. Proboscis present. Legs with two
pairs of spurs. Frenulum present. Pore wing with vein 1 a

Fig. 98. — Larva of Zaliwa transiens. \.
(From Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. pi. 13, fig. 5.)

separate from 1 6, 1 c absent ; 5 from close to lower angle of cell.
Hind wing with two internal veins ; 5 from the centre of disco-
cellulars or absent ; 8 bent down and touching 7 near the base.

Larvae with lateral tufts of hair and long scattered hairs.

Pupa naked.

Key to the Genera.

a. Hind wing with vein 5 from the centre
of the discocellulars.

«'. Fore wing with no areole 1. EUSEMIA, p. 149.

b'. Fore wing with an areole.

a2. Fore wing with vein 10 anastomosing [p. 154.

with 8 to form the areole 2. CHELONOMORPHA,

62. Fore wine1 with vein 9 rising from
10 and anastomosing with 8 to form
the areole.

a3. Fore wing with vein 7 from end
of areole ; hind wing with vein 2
from near end of cell 3. PHAL^ENOIDES, p. 154.

EUSEMIA. 149

I3. Fore wing with vein 7 from after
the areole ; hind wing with vein
2 from long before end. of cell . . 4. ZALISSA, p. 155.
b. Hind wing with vein 5 absent.

a. Fore wing with vein 9 rising from 10
and anastomosing with 8 to form the

areole 5. ^EGOCERA, p. 157.

I'. Fore wing with vein 10 anastomosing

with 8 and 9 to form the areole .... 6. MIMEUSEMIA, p. 159.

Genus EUSEMIA.

Eusemia, Dalm. Prodr. Monog. Castn. p. 26 (1825).
Episteme, Hubn. Verz. p. 179 (1818), gen. non descr.

Type, E. lectrix, Linn., from China.

Range. Chinese, Indian, Ceylonese, and Malayan subregions.

Palpi upturned, the terminal joint long and naked. Antennae
simple and dilated. Fore wing with vein 5 from near angle of cell ;
6 from upper angle ; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with vein 5
from the centre of discocellulars.

SECT. I. Fore wing with vein 3 from before end of cell.
Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from end of cell.

A. Fore wing with yellow, hind wing with orange markings.

1551. Eusemia proxima, Wlk. Cat. i. p. 50; [C. $ S. no. 329.

Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the last with the medial
segment orange. Fore wing black, with an irregular oblique
yellow medial band from veins 9 to 1 ; a postmedial narrow band
from veins 9 to 5 ; two indistinct metallic-blue lines at middle and
end of cell ; male with an orange streak on the basal half of the
costa. Hind wing black, with a broad orange medial band, widest
at the inner margin.

Hnb. Assam. Exp. 62 millim.

1552. Eusemia amatrix, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 68, pi. 33, fig. 4;

C.$ S. no. 311.
Eusemia aruna, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 288 ; C. Sf S. no. 312.

Differs from proxima in the abdomen being ringed with orange.
Fore wing shot with brilliant blue ; the medial yellow band
broken up into three irregularly placed spots ; the postmedial
band into four spots ; cilia white at apex. Hind wing with a
black spot on the orange band below the costa ; the marginal
area shot with blue ; cilia white at apex in male, all white in
female.

Jfab. Sikhim. Exp. 75 millim.

150 AGAKJSTLDJE.

1553. Eusemia pulchra, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xv, 1875, p. 143, pi. 13,

fig. 4 5 C.fy S. no. 330.

Differs from amatrix in having no blue sheen on either wing.
Fore wing with an outwardly oblique yellow band from the
centre of the costa to near outer angle. Hind wing with the
band orange-red, broader, and with no black spot on it ; the black
margin regular.

Hob. ? Meerut. Exp. 70 millim.

B. With no orange markings on the hind wing.

1554. Ensemia vulcania, Butl Ent. Mo. May. xii, 1875, p. 123;

C. 8f S. no. 337.

Fore wing as in amalrix, except that the four postmedial spots
are white. Hind wing black, shot with blue ; the costa of both
wings reddish brown in the male ; cilia white at apex of fore
wing and centre of hind wing. Collar orange.

Hob. Burma. Exp. 60 millim.

C. With no yellow or orange markings.

1555. Eusemia albomarginata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 569; C. $ S.

no. 310.

Eusemia opheltes. Druce, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 518 ; Waterh. Aid, ii,
pi. 172, tig. 5.

Collar ringed with white ; pectus fulvous. Both wings entirely
shot with blue ; the outer margins and cilia white ; male with an
orange streak on basal part of costa of fore wing.

Some specimens have white spots beyond the cell of fore wing ;
in the Burmese form opheltes the white margin is broader than in
the typical Andaman form.

Hob. Burma ; Andamans. Exp. 75 millim.

SECT. II. Fore wing with vein 3 from end of cell. Hind wing
with veins 6 and 7 from end of cell.

A. With no orange on hind wing.

1556. Eusemia victrix, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. pi. 33, fig. 3 ; C. 8> S.

no. 336.
Eusemia silhetensis, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xv. 1875, p. 139 ;

C. 8r S. no. 332.
Eusemia tyrianthina, Butl. Ent. Mo. Mag. xii. 1875, p. 116;

C. £ S. no. 334.

Pectus orange ; end of abdomen ringed black and orange ; claspers
in male black. Fore wing black, with two blue patches at base ; a

EUSEMIA. 151

blue spot at end of cell and blue streaks along the marginal
nervules ; two confluent yellow spots forming a medial band from
below the costa to vein 1 ; a small postmedial white or yellow
spot below the costa and two others on each side of vein 4.
Hind wing black shot with blue; a broad marginal brilliant
bue band.

In the variety tyriantliina the two medial spots of the fore wing
are separated and placed obliquely ; in silhetensis the postmedial
spots are absent.

Hab. Throughout N.E. India from Nepal to Yunnan and Burma.
Exp. 77-83 millim.

1557. Eusemia orientalis, Sutl. A. M. N. H. (4) xv, 1875, p. 139 ;

id. III. Met. v, pi. 82, fig. 2-,C.&S. no. 327.

Differs from victrix in there being four postmedial spots to the
fore wing conjoined into a maculate band. Hind wing with the
blue marginal band narrow ; abdomen with the extremity orange,
without a black ring.

Hab. Mussooree. Exp. 66 millim.

B. Hind wing with the basal two-thirds orange, broken by
black patches.

1558. Eusemia dentatrix, Westw. Cab. Or, Ent. p. 68, pi. 83, fig. 5 ;

C. 8f S. no. 319.

Differs from victrix in the abdomen being ringed black and
orange ; collar and pectus orange. Hind wing with a broad
orange medial band broken by a highly irregular black patch
from the costa.

Hab. Nepal; Sikhim; Bhutan; Assam; Sylhet. Exp. 75 millim.

SECT. III. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 stalked. Pore wing
with blue spots near the base.

A. Hind wing black, with orange spots near anal angle.

1559. Eusemia negrita, n. sp.

cJ. Collar black; tegulae spotted with yellow; abdomen with
orange segmental bands below, and on third and anal segments
above. Pore wing with a broad medial nearly regular yellow
band ; the postmedial spots absent ; the submarginal white spots
obsolete towards outer angle, obsolescent towards the costa, the
spot between veins 4 and 5 present. Hind wing with a slight
orange streak in the cell and on median nervure near the base ;
one orange spot near anal angle ; the white spots obsolescent above.

Hab. Enlay, S. Shan States (Manders). Exp. 75 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

152 AGAEISTIDJE.

1560. Eusemia nigripennis, Bull. A. M. N. H. (4) xv, 1875, p. 140 ;

Moore, Lep. Ceyl. ii, pi. 94, fig. 3; C. $ S. no. 325.

Collar and tegulae yellow-spotted ; abdomen with ventral yellow
bands. Fore wing with a medial yellow band of two irregularly
superposed spots ; a maculate postmedial band from below the
costa to vein 3, broken at vein 5 ; a submarginal series of six small
white spots. Hind wing black, with four small white submarginal
spots, and hardly a trace of the orange spots near anal angle.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 80 millim.

1561. Eusemia adulatrix, Koll HtigeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 464, pi. 20,

fig. 1 ; C.SfS. no. 308.

Eusemia bellatrix, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 67 ; C. $ & no. 315.
Euseruia afflicta, Butl Ent. Mo. Mag. xii, 1875, p. 118 ; C. $ S.

no. 309.
Eusemia sectinotis, JButl. Ent. Mo. Mag. xii, 1875, p. 117 ; C. # 8.

no. 331.
Eusemia contracta, Butl. Ent. Mo. Mag. xii, 1875, p. 117 ; C. fy S.

no. 318.
Eusemia simplex, JButl. Ent. Mo. Mag. xii, 1875, p. 118 ; C. 8f S.

no. 333.

The submarginal series of white spots on both wings larger than
in nigripennis ; the spots near anal angle of hind wing small and
red in N.-Indian, larger and orange in S.-Indian, specimens ; ab-
domen banded orange and black ; the basal blue spots of the fore
wing very variable in size, as also are the medial and postmedial
spots.

Fig. 99. — Eusemia adulatrix,

In the form afflicta the postmedial spots are reduced in size ;
in sectinotis the medial spots, and in contracta both medial and post-
medial are reduced ; in simplex the medial spots are narrow and
regularly disposed ; these variations occurring irrespective of
locality.

Bab. The whole of India and Burma. Exp. 80 millim.

EUSEMIA. 153

B. Hind wing with the basal two-thirds orange, broken
by a black patch.

1562. Eusemia maculatrix, Westw. Nat. Libr. p. 88, pi. 2, fig. 3;

C. $ S. no. 324 (part).

Eusemia dives, Butt. Ill Het. v, p. 18; C. $ S. no. 321.
Eusemia nipalensis, Butl A. M. N. H. (4) xv, 1875, p. 140 ;

C. $ S. no. 326.

Differs from adulatrix in the medial spots of the fore wing
being usually smaller and separated. Hind wing with the basal
two-thirds orange, broken by a small mark below the costa and a
large irregular patch near inner margin connected by a streak with
the marginal band, which is widest at apex and with one to four
white spots on it.

The Sikhiin form nipalensis has the hind wing orange-red, the
black markings being more extensive in a form from E. Tibet.

Hab. Himalayas, east of Nepal ; Burma ; Java. Exp. 80 millim.

1563. Eusemia irenea, Baisd. Rev. Zool. 1874, p. 84 ; C. $ S. no. 323.
Eusemia clistincta, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xv, 1875, p. 140 ; id.

III. Het. v, pi. 82, tig. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 320.

Differs from maculatrix in a white spot being more or less
developed in the base of the cell ; the medial spots yellow in
distincta, white in irenea ; the lower spot sometimes being white,
the upper yellow ; the postmedial spots white ; a marginal series
of steel-blue marks increasing in size towards the apex, but some-
times almost obsolete. Hind wing with the black margin broader.

Hab. Sikhim ; Khasis ; Nagas ; Sumatra. Exp. 75-91 millim.

1564. Eusemia latimargo, llmpm. Ill Het. viii, p. 45, pi. 139, fig. 24.

Thorax with the spots white. Fore wing with the medial spots
yellow ; the postmedial obsolete. Hind wing with the basal
area orange-red ; the black margin broad.

Hab. Malabar coast. Exp. 75 millim.

1565. Eusemia fasciatrix, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 67; C. $ S.

no. 324 (part.).

Eusemia communicans, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 50 ; C. fy S. no. 316.
Eusemia com munis, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xv, 1875, p. 140, pi. 13,

fig. 1 ; C.fyS. no. 317.

Abdomen ringed buff and black. Eore wing with the medial
and postmedial bands much reduced and very variable in size, either
conjoined or separate, and white or buff ; the submarginal series
white. Hind wing with the black patch on the orange band
smaller, the black marginal area narrower.

Hab. Cachar; Assam; Nagas; Cambodia; Penang. Exp. 66
millim.

154 AGARISTIDJE.

1566. Eusemia vetula, Htibn. Zutr. no. 329, figs. 657, 658 ; C. $ S.
no. 335.

The submarginal series of spots on both wings buff.
Hab. Java and ? Assam. Exp. 70 millim.

Genus CHELONOMORPHA.

Chelonomorpha, MotscTi. Et. Ent. ix, p. 30 (1860).

Type, C.japona, Motsch., from Japan.

Range. Japan ; Khasi Hills.

Differs from Eusemia, Sect. L, in veins 9 and 10 of the fore
wing arising separately from 7 and 8 and then anastomosing with
them to form an areole.

1567. Chelonomorpha austeni, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 11 j a $ S.
no. 313.

Head and thorax black, tegulae yellow ; abdomen ringed orange
and black. Fore wing black ; two yellow spots in the cell, one
below it, two beyond, and a submarginal series of small white
spots ; some metallic-blue scales on discocellulars. Hind wing

Fig. 100. — Chelonomorpha austeni, § . \.

with a broad orange-yellow band; a black spot at end of cell ; a
geminate spot near anal angle, connected by a bar with the
marginal black band which is wide at apex ; some subapical white
spots.

Hab. Khasis. Exp. 53 millim.

Genus PHAL^NOIDES.

Phakmoides, Leioin, Lep. N. S. Wales, p. 2 (1822).

Type, P. c/lycince, from Australia.

Range. Tibet ; N.E. India ; Java ; Cerarn ; New Guinea ;
Australia.

Fore wing long and narrow. Hind wing with vein 2 given
off near end of cell. Abdomen slender ; male with an anal tuft of
hair.

PHAL^INOIDES. — ZALISSA. 155

1568. Phalaenoides fimebris, Moore. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 569 : Waterh
Aid, ii, pi. 127, fig. 4; C. $ S. no. 322.

Head and thorax black ; abdomen ringed black and orange. Pore
wing black, with a white speck at middle of cell ; a spot at end of
it, one beyond the cell, and another on vein 4 ; a curved series of
metallic-blue specks near outer and inner margins ; cilia white

Fig. 101. — Phalcsnoides funebris, <$. \.

near apex. Hind wing with the basal area white ; the marginal
area black, with a white subapical spot and series towards anal
angle ; cilia spotted with white.
Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 58 millim.

Genus ZALISSA.

Zalissa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 936 (1865).
Seudyra, Stretch, Cist. Ent. ii, p. 19 (1875).
Pimprana, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 41 (1882).

Type, Z. catocalina, "Wlk., from Australia.

Range. Japan ; China ; Himalayas ; N. India ; Burma ;
Andamans ; Sumatra; Java; Borneo; Australia.

Palpi with the 3rd joint short; antenna slightly dilated;
abdomen with dorsal tufts ; tibiae moderately hairy and not spined.
Fore wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from close to angle of cell ; 6 from
upper angle ; 9 and 10 anastomosing with 7 and 8 to form the
areole. Hind wing as in Chelonomorpha.

1569. Zalissa transiens, Wlk. Cat. vii,p. 1588; Moore, Lep. E. I. Co.

pi. 13, figs. 5, 5 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 340.
Eusemia segoceroides, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 107, fig. 10 ; Boisd.

Rev. Zool. 1874, p. 106.
Seudyra dissimilis, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 174.

Head and thorax dark chestnut-brown ; abdomen golden yellow,
with a series of dorsal black spots. Fore wing dark chestnut
marbled with grey, this colour forming an oblique band from
costa to outer angle ; orbicular and reniform outlined in grey.
Hind wing yellow, with a broad irregular black margin; some
specimens with a black spot on discoceliulars.

156 AGARISTID^.

1OU JVtrA.ltJLOJ.lJJjT .

Some specimens have the costa and cell of fore wing suffused
with white.

Fig. 102. — Zalissa transiens, <$ . \.

Larva black, the first and eleventh somites yellow with black
spots ; lateral tufts of blue hairs and scattered long black hairs.

Jfab. Sikhim, 2000-4000 feet; Khasis ; Kagas, 6000 feet;
Burma ; Java ; Borneo. Exp. 50 millim.

1570. Zalissa bala, Moore, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 795; C. # S. no. 343.

Differs from transiens in the grey marbling of fore wing being
suffused with fuscous. Hind wing with a black spot at end of
cell ; the marginal band extending more round anal angle and
suffused with yellow on the underside.

Hal. Sikhim, 7000-10,000 feet. Exp. 50 millim.

1571. Zalissa venosa, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1879, p. 389 ; Waterh. Aid, ii,

pi. 131, fig. 5 ; C. $ S. no. 341.

c? . Fore wing wholly suffused with grey, except the apical and
inner areas. Hind wing with a red-brown patch and submarginal
orange line on the marginal band near anal angle ; no cell-spot.
Underside of both wings with a submarginal lunulate white line.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 54 millim.

1572. Zalissa longipennis, Mlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 934 ; Bull. III. llet.

v, pi. 82, fig. 8 ; C. $ S. no. 339.

<5 . Hind wing with some yellow on the margin beyond the
black band, which is widest at apex and anal angle. Underside of
fore wing with the base yellow; the orbicular, reniform, and a
patch below vein 2 black, the two former with white patches
beyond them ; the apex red-brown ; hind wing with the marginal
band obsolete and replaced by a reddish submarginal line, with
some red suffusion beyond it.

Hab. Sikhim, low elevations ; Manipur ; Silhet ; Xagas. Exp.
66 millim.

1573. Zalissa exiguifascia.

Fhcegorista catocalina, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1859 (praeocc.) ; Butl.
III. Het. v, pi. 82, fig. 9 ; C.fy S. no. 338.

Differs from lonyipennis in the fore wings not being so grey.

ZALISSA. — .EGOCERA. 157

Hind wiog with a spot at end of cell ; the submarginal band
wide near anal angle, obsolete towards apex. Underside of fore
wing yellow, without the white patches ; the red at apex less
extensive ; hind wing with the cell-spot prominent.
Hob. Sikhim, 6000-8000 feet. Exp. 65 millim.

1574. Zalissa albifascia, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 933 ; C.$S. no. 2275.

Differs from transiens in the orbicular and reniform spots of the
fore wing being indistinct and not outlined with white ; the patch
beyond the cell large and sometimes pure white ; the postmedial
lines evenly curved, not oblique and angled ; the marginal area not
bluish grey towards anal angle ; an indistinct waved submarginal
line. Hind wing with the black band broadest at apex ; its inner
edge evenly curved, with a white patch on it at apex. Underside
with the base of fore wing yellow ; slight traces of the white
patches in cell ; white patches at apices of both wings.

Hab. N. China ; Sikhim ; Canara ; Moulmein ; Eangoon ; An-
damans. Exp. 60 millim.

*1575. Zalissa ? nepcha, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 68 ; C. $ S. no. 2278.

Head black ; antennae yellow ; thorax rufous brown ; abdomen
orange-yellow, with dorsal and lateral series of black-brown spots.
Fore wing rufous brown ; some irregular black marks on basal
area ; a square white spot at end of cell ; a narrow slightly curved
postmedial white band with black inner edge and series of dentate
black marks beyond it; a marginal series of black and grey
lunules; cilia grey- brown. Hind wing orange-yellow, with a
broad black marginal band. Underside with the basal area yellow,
the outer black ; fore wing with a broad postmedial white band to
near outer angle, where there is a white spot ; hind wing with a
white medial patch from costa to lower angle of cell.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 70 millim.

1576. Zalissa atkinsoni, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 42, pi. 2, fig. 11 j C. $ S.
no. 1740.

cJ . Head and thorax pale brown ; abdomen black, yellow at
sides and extremity. Fore wing rust-red ; the basal and costal
areas and a space beyond end of cell ochreous ; orbicular and
reniform spots indistinctly fuscous ; submarginal and marginal
series of grey specks. Hind wing black ; the marginal area and
cilia bright yellow. Underside with the costal and marginal areas
of both wings yellow ; the discal and inner areas black ; two black
spots in cell of fore wing, and one in that of hind wing.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 36 millim.

Genus JEGOCERA.
^Egocera, Latr. Gen. Crust. Ins. iv, p. 211 (1809).

Type, JV, menete, Cram., from Africa.

liange. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australasian regions.

158 AGABISTIDJE.

Palpi with the 2nd joint clothed with long hair ; antennae
strongly dilated distally. Venation as in Zalissa, except that vein
5 of the hind wing is absent.

SECT. I. Fore wing of male with the subcostal nervures distorted
and enclosing below the costa a large hyaline streak, the
membrane of which is dilated and ribbed, producing a clicking
sound during flight, probably by friction on the greatly-
developed spines of the mid tarsus.

1577. JEgocera tripartita, Kirbij, Proc. Hoy. Dubl Soc. ii, 1880,
p. 340 ; Waterh. Aid, i, pi. 39 ; C. $ S. no. 347.

Palpi black, fringed with white ; head white ; thorax red-brown,
the collar and tegula3 marked with white ; abdomen yellow, with
a black spot on the vertex of each segment. Pore wing red-brown,
thickly irrorated with grey scales ; a broad longitudinal streak
from the base broken into three spots. Hind wing yellow, with
a black spot at the end of cell and a red-brown irregular outer
margin ; cilia whitish.

Hob. Plains of Burma. Exp. 37 millim.

SECT. II. Fore wing of male without the costal vesicle.

378. JEgocera venulia, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 165 D ; C. fy S.
no. 348.

Fore wing with the longitudinal white streak entire, and with

Fig. 103. — Mgocera venulia, <$ . \.

an indenture on its upper edge and a small black spot near its
lower edge ; a red marginal line ; cilia of both wings white.

Hob. The sub-Himalayan tracts of Kashmir and Sikhim, and
plains of India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp. 33 millim.

1579. -ffigocera Mniacula, Wlk. Cat. i, p. 57; Butl. Ill Het. i, pi. 5,
fig. 4; a4-j9.no.B4B.

Fore wing not so much irrorated with grey ; a yellowish-white
streak from the base expanding into a large spot in the cell and
interspace below, and connected by a bar with a medial band from
below the costa to the interno-median interspace (in Ceylon and
S.-Indian specimens these spots are generally disconnected); a

JEGOCERA. — MIMEUSEMIA. 159

postmedial band from the oosta to vein 3. Hind wing with a spot
at each angle of the cell ; the lower spot sometimes joined to the
marginal band at anal angle.

Hob. The plains of India and Ceylon ; Sikhim. Exp. 45 millim.

1580. 2Egocera accurata, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 401.

Frons and thorax orange ; abdomen with orange patches on
the terminal segments. Pore wing black, with a white subbasal
dot ; an antemedial spot ; a flask-shaped medial band from below
the costa to above vein 1 ; a postmedial broader band from below
the costa to vein 3, with its outer edge angled ; cilia white at apex.
Hind wing black, with a large round central white spot ; cilia
white.

Hab. Burma. Exp. 53 millim.

Genus MIMEUSEMIA.
Mimeusemia, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xv, p. 397 (1875).

Type, M. persimilis, Butl., from Japan.

Range. Japan ; India ; Ceylon ; Burma.

Differs from ^Egocera in veins 9 and 10 of the fore wing both
anastomosing with 7 and 8 to form the areole, and in the male
claspers being large as in Eusemia.

1581. Mimeusemia basalis, Wlk. Cat. i, p. 53 j Butl III. Het. i, pi. 5,

fig. 2 ; C. 8f S. no. 314.

Head and thorax black ; abdomen black, the terminal segments
ringed with orange. Fore wing black with a chestnut tinge, and
crossed by four indistinct lines of metallic-blue scales ; a large
subbasal yellow spot; a postmedial yellow band from the costa
to intern o-mediau interspace, excurved beyond the cell. Hind
wing with a subbasal orange patch on the inner margin ; a yellow
spot at the end of cell.

Hab. Assam ; Bengal. Exp. 58 millim.

1582. Mimeusemia peshwa, Moore, Cat. E. I. Co. p. 289, pi. 7 a, fig. 2 ;
C. 8f S. no. 328.

Vertex of head, thorax, and patagia yellow ; the whole abdomen
ringed black and orange. Eore wing with a smaller yellow spot at
base of cell ; a large spot at lower angle of cell ; a postmedial
oblique spot from veins 9 to 3 ; cilia white at apex and outer
angle. Hind wing with a large basal golden-yellow patch ex-
tending along the inner margin to near the anal angle ; a large
yellow spot beyond the cell from veins 7 to 3 ; cilia with the tips
white at apex.

Hab. Kangra ; Sikhim. Exp. 58 millim.

160

1583. Mimeusemia ceylonica, Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix, p. 89, pi. 157,
fig. 24.

Differs from peshwa in the vertex of thorax being black ; abdo-

Fig. 104. — Mimeusemia ceylonica, $ . \.

men orange, with the basal segments black above; the fore wing
with a small yellow spot at the upper angle of the cell.
Hob. Trincomali, Ceylon. Exp. 41 millitn.

1584. Mimeusemia albicilia, n. sp.

The markings of the head, thorax, and wings as in pesliwa, except
that the spots of the fore wing are larger and whiter ; the cilia of
hind wing wholly white ; abdomen as in ceylonica.

Hob. Tilin, Yaw, Burma (Watson). Exp., 3 48, £ 55 millim.
Type in B. M.

Species formerly recorded as Indian which are omitted.

Vithora indrasana, Moore, C. & S. no. 344, is a Geometer.
^gocerafimbria, Motsch., C. & S. no. 346 = &. fervida, Wlk.,
from Africa.

Family NOCTUID^.

A large family of moths consisting of closely allied subfamilies and
genera ; all are of completely nocturnal habits, except the Deltoidince,
which frequent low herbage. The neuration is extremely constant,
so that it is only necessary to describe it when it varies from the
normal type, which is : Fore wing with vein 1. a slight and not
anastomosing with 1 b ; 1 c absent • 2 from middle of cell ; 3,4,5
from close to lower angle ; 6 from upper angle ; 8 given off from
7 and anastomosing with 9, which is given off from 10 to form an
areole ; 11 from cell ; 12 long. Hind wing with 1 a and b present ;
1 c absent ; 2 from middle of cell ; 3 and 4 from lower angle ; 5
from, near lower angle or middle of discocellulars, rarely absent,
but more or less aborted in the Acontiince and Trifince. Frenuluin
always, proboscis almost always, present.

NOCTFID^E. 161

Larvce usually naked or slightly clothed with hair, rarely with
thick tufts or spatulate filaments. The lowest forms, the Sarro-
ihripince, Stictopterincv, Trifince, Palindiince, Euteliince, and almost
all Gonopterincf, have the four pairs of abdominal prolegs fully
developed and are not semilooping, whilst in the Deltoidince and
Acontiince the first or first two pairs are sometimes obsolescent or
absent ; in the Quadrifince and Focillince, which are semiloopers,
the first or first two pairs are almost always rudimentary or absent.
The larvae usually pupate in the earth without a cocoon, a cemented
chamber being often formed ; more rarely a cocoon is made
amongst leaves, on bark, or on the surface of ground.

Key to the Subfamilies.

A. Moths with the legs and especially the
tarsal joints short and stout.

a. Hind wing with vein 5 obsolescent,

from centre of discocellulars or (rarely)
depressed at origin ; no production of
the outer margin at its termination. . 1. Trifince.

b. Hind wing with vein 5 slightly more

developed and always depressed at
origin ; no production of the outer
margin at its termination 2. Acontiince.

c. Hind wing with vein 5 as strong as the

other veins *, with a projection of the
outer margin at its termination and
almost alwrays from or from near
lower angle of cell or well below
centre of discocellulars.
a'. Palpi not sickle-shaped, the 2nd

joint being straight.
a2. Abdomen much longer than the

hind wing.

a3. Abdomen without a large tubu-
lar anal tuft or paired tufts,
stout, and with smooth scaling. 7. Gonopterince.
b3. Abdomen with a large tubular

anal tuft or paired tufts .... 5. Euteliince.
b'2. Abdomen hardly longer than the
hind wing t and tapering to ex-
tremity.
a3. Fore wing almost always with

raised tufts or lines of scales.
a4. Fore wing of nearly even

width after the base 4. Sarrotliripince.

* Absent in a few Sarrothripina.
t Except in Batracharta, Sphinc/omorpha, and Lontha.
YOL. II. M

162 NOCTUIDJE.

b*. Fore ^ ing increasing in width
to outer margin, usually
narrow and long ; bind
wing generally more or

less hyaline at base 6. Stictopterince.

ft". Fore wing without raised tufts

or lines of scales, increasing

in width to outer margin*,

and not hyaline at base.

a4. Palpi slender, with the 2nd

joint not thickened ; the

scaling quite smooth 3. Palindiincr.

6*. Palpi with the 2nd joint
more or less thickened ;
the scaling usually hairy . . 8. Quadrifince.
I'. Palpi sickle-shaped, the 2nd joint

being curved 9. Focillince.

B. Moths of slender build, with the legs and
especially the tarsal joints long and
slender 10. Deltoidince.

Subfamily TKIFIN^.

Fore wing with vein 6 from the upper angle of cell or rarely
from above it ; vein 8 given off from 7 and anastomosing with 9,
which is given off from 10 to form the areole t, or rarely vein 7
also anastomoses with 9. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from

Fig. 105. — Larva of Agrotis c-nigrum. \.
(From Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix, pi. 176, fig. 4.)

end of cell or rarely on a short stalk ; 5 from centre of discocellu-
lars, rarely slightly curved at origin, very slender and obsolescent,
the outer margin not being produced at its termination J ; veins 6
and 7 from angle of cell or rarely stalked.

The following markings on the fore wing are very characteristic
of the Noctuidw and especially of the subfamily Trifinw : an orbi-
cular or rounded stigma in the cell, a reniform or kidney-shaped
stigma just beyond it, and a claviform or elongate streak below
the cell.

Larvce with four pairs of abdominal prolegs, not semilooping.

* Except Isoeura, Dinumma, and Cattyna.
t Except in Arboricornus.

| In Acutipenna vein 5 is more strongly developed and from near the lower
angle of cell.

NOCTUTDJB. 163

Key to the Genera.

A. Eyes hairy.

«. Proboscis very slender 2. GLOTTULA, p. 167.

b. Proboscis fully developed.
#'. Abdomen without dorsal tufts.

a2. Palpi porrect, very short and hairy . . 3. POLYTELA, p. 168.
b'2. Palpi obliquely upturned and smoothly

scaled.
«3. Fore wing with non-crenulate cilia. . 44. LEUCANIA, p. 269.

b3. Fore wing with crenulate cilia 46. ARCILASISA, p. 282.

c2. Palpi porrect, long, and the 2nd joint

clothed with long hair 19. SEMIOPHORA, p. 205.

b'. Abdomen with dorsal tufts 18. HADENA, p. 198.

B. Eyes naked.

a. Proboscis quite obsolete ; frons with a

corneous process 4. RABILA, p. 169.

b. Proboscis fully developed.

a'. Hind wing with vein 8 running close

along 7 to middle of cell 1. SPHETTA, p. 166.

b'. Hind wing with vein 8 rapidly diverg-
ing from 7.
a2. Fore tibiae with a pair of strong curved

terminal spines.
a3. Mid and hind tibiae without spines. . 10. CHARICLEA, p. 176.

63. Mid and hind tibiae spined 11. RAGHUVA, p. 180.

b'2. Fore tibiae without strong curved

spines.

a3. Mid and hind tibiae spined.
a4. Fore tibiae with a pair of slender

terminal spines 9. HELIOTHIS, p. 174.

b*. Fore tibiae strongly spined at mar-
gins.

a5. Fore wing broad ; abdomen flat-
tened 12. AGROTIS, p. 180.

b'\ Fore wing long and narrow 17. HERMONASSA, p. 196.

c4. Fore tibiae without spines.
rt5. Mid and hind tibiae with a few

spines towards extremities 8. ADISURA, p. 173.

b5. Mid and hind tibiae strongly spined.
a6. Fore wing narrow, the apex sub-
quadrate , 14. EPILECTA, p. 193.

b6. Fore wing broad, the apex more
produced, and outer margin

oblique 16. HYPERNJENIA, p. 194.

c5. Mid and hind tibiae without spines.
a6. Abdomen with dorsal tufts.
a7. Collar with a high peak at

centre 28. CUCULIA, p. 238.

b~. Collar normal ; thorax with a

large furrowed crest.
a8. Palpi with the 3rd joint short

and upturned 26. DIPTERYGIA, p. 235.

bs. Palpi with the 3rd joint long

and porrect 27. EUSCOTIA, p. 237.

164

c~ . Thorax with a slight tuft behind
the collar and paired tufts on
metathorax.

0*. Palpi porrect 47. AUCHMIS *, p. 283.

I*. Palpi upturned.
a9. Palpi with the 2nd joint not
reaching vertex of head, the

3rd short 21. EUPLEXIA, p. 207.

in. Palpi with the 2nd joint
reaching vertex of head, the

3rd long 22. ANGARA, p. 223.

d~. Thorax without tufts behind
the collar and only the meta-
thoracic tufts.
a8. Fore tibiae with large tufts of

hair.
a9. Fore wing with no tuft of

scales at outer angle 35. SPODOPTERA, p. 248.

69. Fore wing with a tuft of scales

at outer angle.

«l°. Hind wing with the outer
margin slightly excised

below apex 39. CALLOPISTRIA, p. 253.

I10. Hind wing with the outer

margin evenly curved .... 40. ELUSA, p. 257.
t8. Fore tibise smoothly scaled,
a". Hind wing with the disco-

cellulars nearly straight. ... 34. PRODENIA, p. 247.
69. Hind wing with the disco-

cellulars highly angled .... 30. CALOGRAMMA, p. 249.
e7. Thorax without tufts.

as. Fore wing long and narrow . . 23. MAGUSA, p. 226.
bs. Fore wing short and quadrate.
«9. Fore wing with veins 8 and 9
anastomosing to form an

areole 38. BERRESA, p. 252.

b9. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9,

10 stalked 41. ARBORICORNUS, p. 258.

e8. Fore wing short, but more pro-
duced at apex 37. AMYNA, p. 250.

£>fc. Abdomen without dorsal tufts.
a1. Frons with a trilobate corneous

process 31. MUDARIA, p. 245.

b7. Frons without a corneous pro-
cess.
a8. Thorax with a high sharp crest

behind the collar.
a9. Fore \ wing with the cilia
slightly crenulate ; the palpi

short 5. XANTHIA, p. 170.

b9. Fore wing with the cilia pro-
duced to points at the veins ;
the palpi very long 6. ELWESIA, p. 171.

* In A. polyodon there are sometimes a few spines at the end of the mid
tibia.

NOCTUIDjE. 165

£". Thorax with a long sharp crest

behind the collar 7. PYRRHIA, p. 172.

c8. Thorax with a slight furrowed
crest behind the collar and a
pair of tufts on metathorax;
fore wing with the cilia cre-

nulate 24. EUROIS, p. 227.

eZ*. Thorax with a slight crest be-
hind the collar, and no tufts
on metathorax; fore wing

with the cilia non-crenulate . 32. TOXOCAMPA, p. 245.
e". Thorax with no crest behind
the collar, and slight tufts on
metathorax ; the cilia non-
crenulate 33. CONSERVULA, p. 24G.

/*. Thorax without tufts or crests.
#°. Palpi upturned.
«10. Fore wing with the cilia

crenulate.

a11. Palpi with the 2nd joint
not reaching vertex of
head; the head and
thorax clothed with long

hair 25. POLIA, p. 231.

bn. Palpi with the 2nd joint
reaching vertex of head ;
the head and abdomen
smooth ; abdomen flat-
tened 13. AMPHIPYRA, p. 190.

b10. Fore wing the cilia non-
crenulate.
«n. Palpi with the 2nd joint

quite smoothly scaled.
«12. Palpi with the 2nd joint
reaching just above ver-
tex of head.
a13. Palpi with the 3rd joint

short 15. AUCHA, p. 193.

£13. Palpi with the 3rd joint
long, recurved over head
and buried in hair in
male, upturned in fe-
male ; male with very

long tubular anal tuft . 30. CORYTHURUS, p. 24-1
612. Palpi with the 2nd joint
not quite reaching ver-
tex of head.
«13. Antennae ciliated in both

sexes 45. FLOCCIFKRA, p. 281

b13. Antennae quite simple.
a14. Palpi with the 2nd
joint not thickened ;
fore wing of normal

shape 53. LEOCYJJA, p. 288.

£14. Palpi with the 2nd
joint thickened ; fore
wing with the inner

166 NOCTUIDJE.

and outer margins
forming an almost

continuous curve .... 54. APSABASA, p 290.
b11. Palpi with the 2nd joint

fringed with hair.
#12. Fore wing with the inner
margin slightly lobed

towards base 29. ACBONYCTA, p. 240.

b12. Fore wing with the inner

margin almost straight.
a13. Fore wing short and

broad 42. CABADBINA, p. 259.

b13. Fore wing long and
narrow, the apex pro-
duced 20. BOMBYCIA, p. 206.

c11. Palpi with a tuft of hair on

2nd joint produced to an [p. 268.

acute angle 43. TATHOBHYNCHUS,

b*. Palpi porrect.
a10. Fore wing with the costa
arched ; vein 6 given off
after angle of cell ; antennae

of male bipectinate 52. PHYCIDOPSIS, p. 288.

b10. Fore wing with the costa

nearly straight; vein C

from angle of cell; antennae

of male ciliated.

a11. Fore wing not produced at

apex.
a12. Fore wing of moderate

breadth ; the apex acute. 48. NONAGBIA, p. 284.
i12. Fore wing very narrow, [p. 287.

the apex rounded 61. PHYCIDIMOBPHA,

ft11. Fore wing with the apex

produced to a point.
«12. Fore wing of normal
breadth ; vein 7 from end

of areole 49. ACBAPEX, p. 286.

b12. Fore wirg very narrow ;
vein 7 anastomosing with
9 50. ACUTIPENNA, p. 287.

Genus SPHETTA.
Sphetta, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 457 (1865).

Type, S. apicalis, Wlk.

Range. Sikkim ; Malabar Coast ; Ceylon.

Eyes naked ; palpi obliquely porrect, reaching beyond the frons,
the 2nd joint heavily fringed with hair ; antennae fasciculate ;
thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled, the latter long ; tibiae
without spines. Fore wiog broad and rounded ; vein 3 from long
before end of cell. Hind wing with veins 6 and 7 on a short
stalk ; 8 running close along 7 to middle of cell.

This may be an abnormal Notodont genus allied to Cyplianla.

SPHETTA. — GLOTTULA. 167

1585, Sphetta apicalis, wik. Cat. xxxii, p. 457 ; Moore. Lev. Ceul. ii,

pi. 12], figs. 2, 2 a (larva) ; C. 8? S. no. 1139.
Sphetta biocellata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 40o ; C. $S.no. 1140.

<rf . Head, thorax, and fore wing pale wainscot-brown, the last
with traces of waved dark lines at the base; a double angulate
antemedial line ; a black streak from the middle of the cell to apex,
before reaching which it is curved upwards, leaving a large pale

Fig. 106.— Sphetta apicalis, cf . {.

patch on the costa before the apex ; the orbicular and reniform
spots small and pale ; four waved postmedial lines and one vs aved
submarginal. Abdomen and hind wing fuscous.
$ . Browner and darker.

Larva greyish blue above, green below, with a darker lateral
band dividing the two colours ; a dorsal series of setiferous tuber-
cles from the 4th to anal somite ; a subdorsal series of small black
spots.

Hab. Sikhiua ; Bombay ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp., $ 42, £ 50
m ill im.

Genus GLOTTULA.
Glottula, Guen. Ann. Soc. Ent. France, vi, p. 359 (1837).

Type, G. pancratii, Cyr., from Europe.

Jianye. Europe ; S. Africa; Mauritius ; throughout India, Burma,
and Ceylon ; Java.

Eyes minutely pubescent ; proboscis almost obsolete ; palpi
porrect and short ; antenna) serrate in both sexes ; thorax and
abdomen without tufts, the former with erect woolly pile.

1586. Glottula dominica, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv, pi. 399 H; Moore, Lep.
Ceyl. iii, pi. 145, figs. 2, 2 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 1780.

Head and thorax black-brown ; abdomen red-brown. Fore wing
red-brown, palest beyond the middle; subbasal, medial, and post-
medial indistinct waved black lines ; the reniform ochreous ; a
curved submarginal ochreous line with ferruginous 1 unities on each
side of it ; a marginal series of black lunules. Hind wing pure
white.

168 NOCTUID.E.

Larva. Thick and warty ; black, spotted with bluish white ; the
head, a dorsal patch on 1st somite and two terminal somites red
with black spots ; legs red and black.

Fig. \Q7.-Glottula dominica, rf. \.

IJab. S. Africa : Mauritius ; throughout Continental India,
Ceylon, and Burma ; Java. Exp. 36-38 millim.

1587. Glottula orientalis, n. sp.

cf . Head, thorax, and abdomen black-brown ; the basal joint of
antennae yellow ; some yellow on tegulae. Fore wing pale pink ;
some irregular black marks on base of costa and inner margin ; a
broken antemedial waved band ; the reniform orange with black
outline, and a black patch on the costa above it ; a lunulate post-
medial line excurved and obsolescent from the costa to vein 3, well
marked towards inner margin ; the outer area black, with an irre-
gular series of pink striae. Hind wing dark fuscous, the discal
area suffused with white, and with a lunule at end of cell ; cilia of
both wings orange and black ; underside whitish with a cell-spot,
traces of a postmedial line, and broad marginal band.

Ilab. Nilgiris. Exp. 38 millim. Type in coll. Moore.

Genus POLYTELA.
Polytela, Guen. Noct. i, p. 113 (1852).

Type, P. gloriosce, Fabr.

Range. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Java.

Eyes hairy ; proboscis fully developed; palpi porrect and roughly
scaled, the 3rd joint short ; antennae almost simple. Thorax and
abdomen without tufts ; tibiae without spines.

1588. Polytela gloriosse, Fair. Sp. Ins. ii, p. 205, no. 150; Moore,
Lep. Ceyl. iii; p. 145, figs. 1, 1 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 1786.

Head and thorax blue-black ; the basal joint of palpi and an-
tennae orange; three orange specks on metathorax ; abdomen
black, the terminal segments orange. Fore wing blue-black ; an

POLYTELA. — EAB1LA. 169

orange speck at base ; the subbasal and antemedial waved lines
filled in with orange, with an orange speck between them in cell,

and two pink and black lunules
towards inner margin ; the orbicu-
lar a yellow ring-mark; the reni-
form yellow, with the upper po.rt
centred with pink, the lower with
fuscous ; some orange specks on
costa towards apex ; the curved
lunulate double postmedial line
Fig. 108.— Polytela glorias® 3 , f filled in with yellow, and with n

series of pink and black lunules

beyond it ; large orange blotches at apex and outer angle ; cilia
black and orange. Hind wing fuscous, with traces of an angled
postmedial line ; the cilia orange.

Larva smooth ; purple-black, with dorsal, lateral, and sublateral
series of white spots ; purplish lateral blotches on thoracic and two
terminal somites ; head, legs, and a dorsal spot on 1st somite red.
Food-plant Amaryllis.

Hab. Throughout India and Ceylon. Exp. 28-42 millim.

1589. Polytela florigera, Gum. Noct. i, p. 114; C. # S. no. 1785.
Polytela inclyta, Wlk. Char, undescr. Het. p. 27.

Differs from gloriosa in the basal joints of the palpi and antennae
being black ; the orange spots on inetathorax often absent ; cilia
of hind wing black.

Hab. Madras ; Canara. Exp. 28 millirn.

1590. Polytela chrysospila, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. G35.

Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the last with the extremity
orange. Fore wing with the basal two-thirds black, with blue-
black patches on it ; a large yellow patch at end of cell ; the outer
area blue-black. Hind wing black.

JJab. Karen Hills ; Java. Exp. 30 millim.

Genus RABILA.
Eabila, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 507 (1865).

Type, R.frontalis, Wlk.

Range. Ceylon.

Eves naked without lashes; proboscis obsolete; palpi porrect
and evenly scaled, the 3rd joint long ; frons with a rounded cor-
neous projection ; antennre of male with short branches. Thorax
and abdomen without, tufts ; tibia) without spines. Neuration
normal ; fore wing with the apex somewhat produced and rounded,
the outer angle slightly hooked.

170

1591. RaMla frontalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 508; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

ii, pi. 132, %. 5 j (7. 4* & no. 1300.

c? . Eeddish ochreous ; fore wing
with the veins and interspaces
slightly streaked with red-brown.
Hind wing white.

Type very faded.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 34 millim.

Fig. 109. — Babila frontalis,

Genus XANTHIA.
Xanthia, Ochs. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 82 (1816).

Type, X. luteago, Fabr., from Europe.

lianye. Europe ; Amur ; Himalayas ; Khasi Hills.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully developed ;
palpi porrect or obliquely upturned ; antennae of male cili;ited ;
thorax squarely scaled, with a high sharp crest behind the collar ;
abdomen without dorsal tufts, and clothed with long hair on the
back of proximal segments ; tibiae without spines. Fore wing
rather acute at apex ; the outer margin excurved at centre ; the
cilia slightly crenulate.

1592. Xanthia albosignata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 355 ; C. $ S.

no. 1977.

cJ . Whitish, suffused with pale red-brown, the abdomen with
fuscous. Fore wing with whitish subbasal and antemedial lines,
the latter oblique ; orbicular and reniform ochreous with chestnut
outline, the latter with four white specks on its outer edge ; a

Fig. 110. — Xanthia albosignata, rf . {.

postmedial whitish line excurved beyond cell, the area beyond it
suffused with ochreous, with an indistinct submarginal chestnut
line ; cilia fuscous. Hind wing whitish, the inner area suffused
with fuscous ; traces of a postmedial line. Underside with post-
medial line to both wings and cell-spot to hind wing.
Hab. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 56 millim.

1593. Xanthia melonina, Butl. Ill Het. vii, p. 57, pi. 128, fig. 7.

Orange-yellow; collar and patagia with purplish lines on them ;
abdomen tinged with pink. Pore wing with the veins purplish ;

XANTHIA.— ELWESIA. 171

two subbasal purplish lines, the second arising from a patch on the
costa ; two antemedial lines slightly angled inwards on median
nervure ; a medial diffused band ; the orbicular and renit'orm large,
with purplish edges ; the postmedial line angled below the costa
and at lower angle of cell ; a dark subinarginal nearly straight
line ; a marginal crenulate line. Hind wing pale, with a medial
pink line from upper angle of cell to inner margin ; a submarginal
pink diffused baud ; the inner area suffused with pink ; a crenulate
marginal line. Underside of fore wing with two postmedial lines.
Hind wing with cell-spot and postmedial line.
Hob. Dharinsala. Exp. 44 millim.

1594. Xanthia basalipunctata, Graeser, Berl. ent. Zeit. 1888, p. 341.
Gortyna intermixta, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 480, pi. 19,

fig. 11.

c? . Ochreous, suffused with ferruginous. Fore wing with the
costa narrowly red-brown ; double waved subbasal and antemedial
lines, the latter with a red-brown patch in cell and another on
inner margin ; orbicular, reniform, and claviform with red-brown
outlines ; curved medial and postmedial lines, the latter with the
whole area beyond it red-brown, except an apical yellow patch ; an
indistinct, waved, submarginal line. Hind wing fuscous, with an
indistinct postmedial line.

Hob. Amur; Khasis. Exp. 42 millim.

1595. Xanthia gilvago, Esp. Schmett. Eur. pi. 176, fig. 2.
Noctua palleago, Hubn. Samml. Eur. Schmett., Noct. fig. 442.

Head and thorax orange-yellow ; abdomen whitish. Fore wing
orange-yellow, slightly suffused with rufous ; indistinct rufous
waved subbasal, antemedial, and postmedial lines, and antemedial,
medial, and postmedial lunulate fuscous bands ; the orbicular and
reniform indistinct, the latter with a dark spot on its lower part ;
a submarginal series of dark specks, with faint fuscous marks
beyond them ; the cilia reddish. Hind wing yellowish white.

'Hob. Europe ; Gurais Valley, Kashmir. Exp. 38 millim.

1596. Xanthia rectilineata, n. sp.

Pale reddish. Fore wing with nearly straight subbasal, ante-
medial, and postmedial pale lines with dark edges, some fuscous
suffusion before the antemedial and beyond the postmedial line ; a
diffused fuscous medial baud, the reniform fuscous and large ; some
fuscous on outer margin. Hind wing pale.

Bab. Kulu (Hocking); Sultanpur, Kiingra. Exp. 32 millim.
Type in B. M.

Grenus ELWESIA, nov.

Type, E. diplogtigma, Hmpsn.

lianye. Sikhim.

Differs from Xanthia in the eyes being heavily lashed ; palpi

172

with the 2nd joint reaching above vertex of head, the 3rd long
and porrect ; a large porrectly pointed tuft of hair on vertex of head ;
thorax with the sharp crest, behind the collar very long. Fore
wing with the cilia produced to long points at the veins ; hind wing
with the cilia deeply crenulate.

1597. Elwesia diplostigma, n. sp.

$ . Bright chestnut. Fore wing with short subbasal and straight
antemedial ochreous dark-edged lines ; the orbicular, renif'orm,
and claviform very large with ochreous outlines, the reniforra with
a round fuscous ochreous-edged spot at centre ; the postmedial line

Pig. 111. — Elwesia diplostigma, £. T-

slightly, excurved beyond cell, with a double series of dark specks
on the veins beyond it ; the submarginal line almost straight ; a
slight crenulate marginal line. Hind wing reddish fuscous ; the
outer margin and cilia tinged with ochreous.

Hob. Sikhim, 10,000 feet (Ehves). Exp. 34 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

Genus PYRRHIA.
Pyrrhia, Hubn. Verz. p. 233 (1818).

Type, P. purpurites, Treitschke, from Europe.

Range. Europe; Amur; Japan; Himalayas; ]N"aga Hills.

Eyes naked ; proboscis fully developed ; palpi porrect, thickly
and evenly scaled, the 3rd joint very short ; no frontal tuft.
Thorax with a long sharp crest behind collar ; abdomen without
tufts ; mid and hind tibiae without spines.

SECT. I. Male with antennae ciliated ; eyes without lashes.

1598. Pyrrhia umbra, Hiifn. Berl. Mag. iii, 294.

Noctua marginata, Fabr. Syst. JEnt. 610 ; Kleem. Beitr. ii; pi. 7,

figs. 6, 8 ; C.$S. no. 1753.
Noctua rutilaofo, Schiff. Wien. Verz. 86, 4.
Noctua umhrago, Esp. Schmett. iv, pi. 185, figs. 7, 8.
Noctua conspicua, Bork. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 123, no. 50.
Noctua rnarginago, Haic. Lep. Brit. p. 235, no. 217.

Head, thorax, and fore wing brownish yellow, the last with a

PYEEHIA. — ADISITRA. 173

chestnut subbasal line ; antemedial, medial, and postmedial curved

lines which approach each other at inner margin, the first angled

below the cell, the second on median
nervure ; orbicular and reniform stig-
mata outlined with chestnut ; the
area beyond the postmedial line suf-
fused with vinous ; a lunulate sub-
marginal line. Abdomen and hind
wing ochreous, the latter with a
fuscous lunule at end of cell and

Fig. 112.— Pyrrhiaumbra, <f. f broad marginal band; the margin

rufous. Underside with cell-spot

on each wing, that on fore wing large ; a postmedial line with

fuscous and rufous beyond it.

Hob. Europe ; Amur ; Japan ; N.W. Himalayas ; Nagas.

Exp. 40 millim.

SECT. II. Male with antennae fasciculated ; eyes with lashes.

1599. Pyrrhia cuprea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 50, pi. 6, fig. 8-, C.$S.
no. 2149.

(51 . Head and thorax purplish red-brown ; abdomen fuscous,
the extremity fulvous. Fore wing orange, suffused with purplish
red -brown ; indistinct double-waved subbasal and antemedial red
lines ; the orbicular and reniform orange irrorated and outlined
with red ; the claviform with red outline ; the postmedial line
dark and slightly curved ; a submarginal dentate yellow line.
Hind wing fuscous brown, the costal area paler ; cilia rufous.
Underside rufous, with traces of a postmedial line to both
wings.

One hind tibia has a single spine in accordance with its Heliothid
affinities.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 40 millim.

Genus ADISURA.
Adisura, Moore t P. Z. S. 1881, p. 367.

Type, A. atkinsoni, Moore.

Range. Sikhim, Assam Hills, and throughout Peninsular India
and Ceylon.

Differs from Pyrrliia in having the mid and hind tibia3 sparsely
spined ; thorax without the sharp crest.

1600. Adisura atkinsoni, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 368, pi. 37, fig. 6 ;

C. $ S. no. 1745.
Adisura leucanioides, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 368 ; C. fy S.

no. 1747.
Adisura pallida, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 369 ; id. Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 150, fig. 8 ; (?.$•& no. 1749.

174

NOCTUIDJE.

Head, thorax, and fore wing brownish ochreous, the last with a
greyish tinge, the costal and outer areas
pinkish ; the orbicular and reniform
stigmata represented by indistinct dark
patches ; an indistinct postmedial series
of specks. Abdomen and hind wing
straw-yellow, the latter with the outer
113 area more or less broadly and completely

Adisura atkinaom, tf. \. suffused with fuscous. Underside usually

with the reniform prominently black.
Hob. Sikhim ; !Nagas ; Karachi and throughout the Bor

Madras Presidencies ; Ceylon. Exp. 31 millim.

Bombay and

Genus HELIOTHIS.

Heliothis, Ochs. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 91 (1816).
Heliocheilus, Grote, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil, iv, 1865, p. 328.

Type, H. dipsacea. Linn., from Europe.

Range. Universally distributed.

Eyes naked and without lashes : proboscis fully developed :
palpi porrect, the 2nd joint evenly clothed with long hair, the 3rd
short and depressed ; a short frontal tuft. Thorax and abdomen
without tufts ; fore tibia? with a pair of slender terminal spines ;
mid and hind tibia? spined. Eore wing with veins 8 and 9 some-
times given off from the end of the areole.

SECT. I. (Hcliotfiif). Males without hyaline patches on the fore
wing and distortion of the nervures.

1601. Heliothis armigera, Hiiln. Samml.Eur. Schmett. Nod. ii, pi. 79,
fig. 370 ; C.$S. no. 1730; Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix, pi. 170, tig. 22
(larva) ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 150, figs. 1, 1 a (larva).
Heliothis pulverosa, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 688.
Heliothis conferta, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 690.

Heliothis succinea, Moore. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 362 ; C. 8? S. no. 1738.
Heliothis rubrescens, C. fy S. no. 1736 (nee Wlk.).

Ochreous witb a pale brown, olive, or red-brown tinge. Fore

Fig. 114. — Heliothis armigera, $ . {.

wing with indistinct double waved antemedial lines ; a dark speck
representing the orbicular ; an indistinct curved medial line ; the

HELIOTHIS. 175

reniform indistinct ; postmeclial and submarginal waved lines, the
space between them somewhat darker and with a series of pale or
dark specks on the nervules ; a marginal series of dark specks.
Hind wing white ; the veins fuscous ; a broad blackish outer border
usually with a pale submarginal central patch. Underside of
fore wing with the orbicular and reniform stigmata conspicuously
black ; a broad blackish band beyond the postmedial line ; the apices
of both wings and outer area of fore wing pinkish.

Larva. Dorsal area pale brown ; a lateral whitish band ; ventral
area pale green ; each segment with some black specks ; head red-
brown. Or green with a dark dorsal and two yellow lateral lines ;
the thoracic somites speckled brown and black, 5th to lUth somites
with lateral brown blotches, anal somite with an irregular black
dorsal mark. Feeds on rose-buds.

Hob. Universally distributed. Exp. 31-41 millim.

1602. Heliothis peltigera, Schiff. Wien. Verz. 89, 2 ; C. $ S. no. 1734 j

Boisd. Chen. Helioth. pi. ii, fig. 1 (larva).
Noctua barbara, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, 2, p. Ill, no. 334.
Noctua florentina, Esp. Schmett. iv, pi. 135, fig. 2.
Noctua scutigera, Borkh. Schmett. Eur. iv, p. U3, no. 37.
Noctua straminea, Donov. Brit. 1m. ii, pi. 61.
Phalaena alphea, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, pi. 250 p.
Phalrena charmione, Stoll, Cram. Pap. Exot. v, p. 162, pi. 36,

fig. 10.

Differs from armigera in being always ochreous. Fore wing
with reddish-brown patches on the costa, one small and antemedial,
one above the reniform which is prominent and with grey centre,
the other at the postmedial band. Underside with the reniform
prominent and black, but the orbicular obsolete.

Larva bright green, with darker green and fuscous short streaks
and blotches and white lateral line.

Hob. Europe ; Teneriffe ; S. Africa ; Persia ; N.W. India, as
far south as Poona ; New Zealand. Exp. 40 millim.

1603. Heliothis nuhigera, Herr.-ScMffer, Eur. Schmett. ii, p. 366.
Heliothis perteeoides, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 361; C. # S.

no. 1735.

Differs from armigera in having the submarginal fuscous band
of fore wing more prominent, its outer edge deeply indented
between veins 5 and 6 ; the marginal series of black specks pro-
minent ; the underside much whiter.

Hab. Europe; Syria; Somaliland ; Dalhousie ; Cutch. Exp.
38 millim.

1604. Heliothis SCutosa, Schiff. Wien. Vfrz. 89,1 ; Esp. Schmett. Eur.

iv. pi. 108, figs. 1,2; C.# 8. no. 1737; Boisd. Chen. Helioth. pi. i,
figs. 1, 2 (larva).

Eeddish brown. Fore wing with a subbasal black line from

176 NOCTUID.f!.

costa to vein 1 b ; an anteineclial irregularly waved line ; the orbi-
cular and reniform stigmata outlined with black and placed on a
whitish patch ; a black dentate mark below the cell ; a postmedial
line excurved from costa to vein 3, then oblique and waved to inner
margin, the area between it and a series of subruarginal blackish
lunules darker ; a series of small marginal black lunules. Hind
wing suffused with reddish ochreous ; a large black cell-spot with
a whitish patch beyond it ; a black postmedial line ; a broad black
marginal band usually with a pale patch at the centre of margin.
Underside paler, the orbicular arid reniform stigmata deep
black.

The typical European race is much greyer and whiter than the
Eastern race.

Larva green, with subdorsal and sublateral series of black specks
and yellow and black dorsal and lateral lines.

Nab. Europe ; China ; N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 34-38 millim.

SECT. II. (Heliochilus). Males with large hyaline spaces on the
fore wing below the costa and in cell, with the wing-membrane
ridged ; the costal nervure and veins 7 to 10 much curved.

*1605. Heliothis translucens, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 108, fig. 49 ; C. $ S.
no. 1757.

3 . Pale brown. Fore wing crossed by ante- and postmedial
curved and waved lines, the latter with some white beyond it,
followed by a series of white specks with some dark suffusion
beyond them. Hind wing whitish, with a large black patch at end
of cell; a broad submarginal black band sending fasciae to the
base in inter no-median interspace and on inner margin.

Closely allied and possibly identical with H. inflates, Wllgr.,
from N. America and Hawaii.

Hob. Urni, N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 28 millim.

Genus CHABICLEA.

Chariclea, Curt. Brit. Ent. pi. 76 (1825).
Curubasa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 366.
Pradatta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 364.
Dorika, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 363.
Masalia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 364.
Sophaga, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 362.

Type, C. delphinii, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Europe ; Abyssinia ; throughout India, Burma, and
Ceylon; Australia.

Differs from Heliotliis in the pair of spines on the fore tibia
being stout and more crooked, the inner very long ; the mid and
hind tibia3 not spined. Tore wing with the apex more or less
acute.

CHARICLEA. 177

SECT. I. Hind wing in male with veins 3, 4 and 6, 7 from the cell.

1606. Chariclea marginalis, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 830 ; C. $ S. no. 1748.
Curubasa cruentata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 367 ; C.fyS. no. 1742.
Curubasa marginata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 367 ; C. fy S.

no. 1744.
Adisura dulcis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 368, pi. 37, fig. 20 ; C. $ S.

no. 1746.
Adisura similis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 369 ; C. fy S. no. 1750.

Yellowish white. Fore wing with a broad pale pink fascia along
the costa extending to the subcostal nervure, and another along
inner margin extending to the middle of interno-median interspace ;
cilia more or less pink. Hind wing with an indistinct broad
fuscous marginal band.

The form cruentata, from the N.W. Himalayas, has no marginal
band to hind wing.

Hob. N. W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Bombay Presidency ; Calcutta ;
Ganjam. Exp. 24-30 millim.

1607. Chariclea lanceolata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii,p. 767 ; C.&S. no. 1743.
Curubasa depicta, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 146, pi. 8,

fig. 4.

Differs from marginalis in being pure white ; fore wing with the

pink fasciae broader and brighter ; a
yellowish patch at base ; hind wing
uniform white.

The form depicta is larger, with
the fasciae of the fore wing purplish
pink ; the hind wing suffused with
fuscous.

Fig. 115. Hob. Simla ; Mhow ; Nilgiris.

Chariclea lanceolata, <?. }. Exp., tf 30, $ 30-40 millim.

1608. Chariclea decorata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 365; C. $ S.

no. 1728.

c? . Differs from marginalis in the pink of the fore wing being
disposed as a fascia through the cell, and another in the interno-
median interspace ; an oblique band from apex to inner margin ;
the cilia pink. Hind wing uniform straw-colour.
Hob. Dharmsala. Exp. 20 millim.

1609. Chariclea Mvittata, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 108 ; C. $ S. no. 1727.

Head and thorax chestnut ; abdomen whitish. Fore wing
reddish orange ; a silvery fascia outlined with black from the origin
of vein 2 to outer margin; another above vein 1 b from the bas<> to
outer angle ; some white streaks denned with black on the veins at
outer margin. Hind wing white.

Hob. Bombay Presidency ; Moulmein. Exp. 30 millim.

YOL. II. IT

178 .

1610. Chariclea sanguinolenta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 363; C. 8? S.

no. 1723.
Dorika ignea, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 70, pi. 144, fig. 21.

Head and thorax reddish chestnut ; abdomen whitish. Pore
wing bright golden ; the costa pale ; diffused coppery-red fascisB
along the costa, median and submedian nervures from base to outer
margin and from upper angle of cell to outer margin ; traces of
dark specks at the angles of cell and of a curved postmedial series ;
cilia white, slightly tinged with pink at apex and outer angle.
Hind wing yellowish white.

The form ignea from the Mlgiris has some black on head and
thorax ; the fore wing with diffused black on costa, median and
submedian nervures, and on outer margin below apex ; the specks
at angles of cell and the postmedial series prominent ; cilia bright
pink.

Hab. Bombay ; Nilgiris. Exp. 30-37 millim.

1611. Chariclea sinuata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 363; C. $ S.

no. 1750.

Head, thorax, and fore wini? golden orange, suffused with fer-
ruginous red. Fore wing with an indistinct antemedial dentate
line ; a speck on discocellulars ; oblique dentate postmedial line and
series of marginal black specks. Hind wing pale ochreous, suffused
with fuscous.

Nab. Bombay. Exp. 34 millim.

1612. Chariclea beatrix, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 365 ; Sioinh. P. Z. S.

1886, pi. 41, fig. 5 ; C.SfS. no. 1726.
Masalia tosta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 411.
Masalia rosacea, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 71, pi. 144, fig. 23.
Masalia terracotta, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 71, pi. 144. fig. 22.
Masalia radiata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 364 ; C. $ S. no. 1755.

Head and thorax pale brownish pink : abdomen white. Fore
wing with the apex sometimes acute; whitish, with a broad pale
pink fascia on the costal area ; another along median nervure
expanding between veins 2 and 5, and conjoined to a broad fascia
on inner area. Hind wing white, tinged with pink on outer
margin.

In rosacea and terracotta from the Nilgiris there is hardly a trace
of white in the intern o-medi an interspace of fore wing, and the
hind wing is fuscous ; the latter has the fore wing yellowish pink,
with some fuscous below the median nervure. In a form from
Baluchistan there is hardly any white on fore wing, the inner area
of which, as well as the hind wing, is suffused with fuscous : tosta
has the fore wing almost wholly pink, the hind wing white.

The form radiata is dusky pink ; fore wing with white streaks
beyond cell and below median nervure; hind wing fuscous.

Hob. Baluchistan ; N.W. Himalayas ; Mhow ; Canara ; Nilgiris.
Exp. 22-30 millim.

CHARICLEA. 179

1613. Chariclea aureola, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 108; C. 8? S. no. 1722.
Dorika curta, Swirih. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 146.

Differs from Beatrix in having a series o£ black marginal specks
to the fore wing; the hind wing pure white.

In the form curia the fore wing is rather shorter, and there
are traces of specks on the outer margin of hind wing.

Hob. Bombay; Mhow; Poona; Canara. Exp. 30-36 millim.

1614. Chariclea uncta, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 449, pi. 27, fig. 12;

C. 8f S. no. 1751.

cJ . Head, thorax, and fore wing brownish ochreous, the last
with a pinkish tinge on costal area, and some fuscous suffusion on
inner area ; a postmedial curved series of dark strigae on the
nervules ; cilia pink. Hind wing pale, suffused with fuscous.
Abdomen pale.

Hob. Bombay. E:cp. 26 millim.

1615. Chariclea irrorata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 364; C. $ S. no. 1754.

£ . Differs from uncta in the fore wing being uniform pink, with
slight irroration and postmedial series of dark specks.
Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhiin. Exp. 32 millim.

1616. Chariclea bimaculata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 411 ; Entl. 111

Het. vii, p. 67, pi. 129, tig. 12.
Arsiloncha roseana, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Sue. 1890, p. 220, pi. vi,

fig. 17.

Pradatta pallescens, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 70, pi. 144, fig. o.
Pradatta pulverulenta, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 71, pi. 144, fig. 11.

Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing pale straw-colour, the
last with a dark speck at end of cell ; the veins slightly tinged with
pale pink.

The Nilgiri form pallescens is much larger than the typical form,
and in pulverulenta there is a diffused fuscous fascia on the fore
wing from the base along median nervure to outer margin, and a
small patch at base of vein 1 b.

In roseana the black specks at end of cell are absent.

Hob. Dharmsala ; Sikhim ; Nilgiris ; Bhamo, Burma. Exp.
22-31 millim.

1617. Chariclea artaxoides, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 366; C. £ S.

no. 1725.
Curubasa calamaria, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 367 ; C. $ S.

no. 1741.
Pradatta modesta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 366 ; C. $ S. no. 1729.

Uniform bright straw-colour, with a fulvous tinge ; abdomen
and hind wing with a slight fuscous suffusion.
In the form modesta the hind wing is whitish.
Jfttl. N.W. Himalayas ; Mainpuri ; Bombay. E.rp. 27 millim

N2

180 NOCTUIDA.

SECT II. Palpi shorter ; hind wing of male with veins 3 and 4
on a long stalk, 6 and 7 on a short stalk.

1618. Chariclea dora, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 147.

J . Head, thorax, and fore wing reddish ochreous ; the last
with an indistinct diffused dark patch on discocellulars and a
curved submarginal diffused fuscous band joined by an oblique
streak from the apex. Abdomen and hind wing yellowish white.

2 with the fore wing unmarked.

Hal. Khandala. Exp., <3 26, $ 30 millim.

Genus RAGHUVA.
Raghuva, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 362.

Type, R. confertissima, Wlk.
Range. Coimbatore.

Differs from Chariclea in having the mid and hind tibiae armed
with spines.

1619. Raghuva confertissima, Wlk. Cat. xxxii. p. 625; C. $ S

no. 1724.

c? . Head and thorax brownish ochreous. Fore wing brownish
ochreous, slightly suffused with ferruginous, especially along

•V

Fig. 116. — Raghuva confertissima, $ . |.

median nervure ; a black spot at end of cell and prominent post-
medial and marginal series of black specks. Abdomen and
hind wing yellowish white. Underside of fore wing with the
black cell-spot prominent.

Hob. Coimbatore. Exp. 30 millim.

Genus AGROTIS.

Agrotis, Ochs. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 66 (1816).
Graphiphora, Ochs. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 68.
Peridroma, Hiibn. Verz. p. 227 (1818).
Axylia, Hiibn. Verz. p. 242.
Chera, Hiibn. Verz. p. 211.
Amathes, Hiibn. Verz. p. 222.
Triphama, Hiibn. Verz. p. 221.
Spselotis, Boisd. Ind.Meth. p. 106 (1840).

Type, A. segetis, Schiff.
Range. Universally distributed.

AGROTIS. 181

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully formed ; palpi
obliquely porrect, the 2nd joint evenly scaled, the 3rd prominent.
Thorax and abdomen without tufts, the latter somewhat flattened.
Tibiae very strongly spined. Fore wing with the outer margin
not crenulate ; hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from cell.

SECT. I. (Agrotis). Males with the antennae bipectinate,
the branches of moderate length.

1620. Agrotis segetis, Schiff. Wien. Verz. p. 252; id. Wien. Verz. 81.

12, tigs. 3 «, b ; C- $ S. no. 2000.
Caradrina triturata, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 295.
Agrotis aversa, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 345 ; C. 8f S. no. 1982.
Agrotis marginalis, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 339.
Agrotis ohliviosa, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 340.
Agrotis dividens, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 342.
Agrotis correcta, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 345 ; C. fy S. no. 1987. •
Agrotis conspurcata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 696 ; C. 8f S. no. 1986.
Agrotis repulsa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, j>. 696 ; C. 8f S. no. 1999.
Agrotis certificata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 697.
Agrotis lassa, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 444 ; C. $ S. no. 1993.

Whitish brown, pale brown, or fuscous ; palpi darker at sides ;
collar with dark line ; abdomen whitish. Fore wing with double
waved subbasal ante- and postmedial lines ; an obscure waved
submarginal line and marginal series of specks ; the orbicular and

Fig. 117. — Agrotis segetis, $. \.

reniform with dark centres and edges ; the claviform small and
black ; all these markings being much obscured in the dark speci-
mens. Hind wing iridescent white with dark marginal line, and
in some specimens with dark suffusion on the margin.

Jlab. Europe ; and throughout India and Ceylon. Exp. 42-48
millim.

1621. Agrotis corticea, Schiff. Wien. Verz. 81. 13.

Agrotis fraterna, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 116 ; C. # S. no. 1988.

Differs from segetis in the antemedial double lines of the fore
wing being prominent ; the hind wing tinged with fuscous brown.

Hob. Europe ; Madagascar ; N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhiin ;
Kagas ; Nilgiris. Exp. 40-42 millim.

182 FOCTUID^E.

1622. Agrotis biconica, Kott. HugeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 480.
Agrotis exigua, Koll. Hiigel's Kaschmir, iv, p. 481.
Agrotis spiculifera, Guen. Noct. i, p. 266.

Agrotis aristifera, Guen. Noct. i, p. 266 j Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,
pi. 147, fig. 5 ; C.$ 'S. no. 1981.

Differs from segetis in having the subbasal ante- and postmedial
lines of the fore wing almost or quite obsolete ; the submarginal
line strongly dentate, with dark streaks on it ; the orbicular elongate,
with a dark streak from it to the reniform ; the claviform very
elongate and filled in with black.

Hah. S. Africa ; N."W. Himalayas ; Punjab ; Sikhim ; throughout
the Bombay and Madras Presidencies ; Ceylon. Exp. 38 millim.

1623. Agrotis ypsilon, Rott, Naturf. xi, p. 141.

Noctua suli'usa, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii, p. 157 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 147, fig. 6 ; C. $ S. no. 2001.
Phalaena idonea, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, pi. 275 H.
Bombyx spinula, Esp. Schmett. iii, pi. 60, figs. 6, 7.

Differs from segetis in the fore wing being more suffused with
brown, and with a black streak beyond the reniform : the sub-
marginal line dentate, with two black streaks on it below the apex.
Hind wing more or less suffused with fuscous brown.

JIah. Universally distributed, except 8. America. Exp. 42-56
millim.

1624. Agrotis ochracea, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 657 ; C. $ S. no. 2130.
Graphipkora viaria, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 412.

Hadena ruptistriga, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 739 ; C. fy S. no. 1941.
Graphiphora frontalis, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 35 ; Hmpsn. III.
Het. ix, pi. 1(31, tigs. 20, 21 j C. $ S. no. 2013.

Oehreous, grey-brown, or red-brown ; palpi dark at sides. Pore
wing with double subbasal and antemedial waved lines ; the
orbicular and reniform stigmata large in the form ruptistriga, with
a black spot between them and a triangular black spot before the
orbicular, the reniform often filled in with grey or chestnut ; a
diffused angled medial fuscous band ; a double lunulate curved
postmedial line ; a submarginal pale line and marginal crenulate
dark line. Hind wdng fuscous brown or red-brown.

Hob. Rawal Piudi ; Dharmsala ; Thandiani ; Sikhim ; Ceylon.
Exp. 41 millim.

1625. Agrotis olivascens, n. sp.

Reddish olive ; palpi chestnut at sides. Pore wing with a slight
dark streak below median nervure from base ; orbicular pale ; reni-
form a pale lunule ; the postmedial double lines composed of a
series of indistinct luiiules with specks on the nervules beyond
them. Hind wing pale fuscous ; cilia of both wings ochreous.
"Underside with cell-spot and postmedial line to hind wing.

Hab. iSikhim, Exp. 38 millim. Type 6 in coll. Elwes, $ in B. M.

AGEOTIS. 183

SECT. II. Antennae of males bipectinate, the branches very short.

1626. Agrotis brevirami, n. sp.

c? . Head and thorax reddish grey-brown. Fore wing reddish
grey -brown, with very indistinct double waved subbasal and ante-
medial lines ; a diffused medial line angled on median nervure ;
the orbicular and reniform small and very indistinct ; the lunulate
postmedial line and irregular sinuous submarginal line indistinct.
Abdomen and hind wing fuscous brown.

Hub. Mussooree (Harford). Exp. 34 millim. Type in B. M.

1627. Agrotis monticola, n. sp.

c? . Grey. Fore wing with indistinct subbasal ante- and post-
medial double waved lines ; orbicular and reniform with slight dark
outlines; some pale specks on costa towards apex; an irregularly
lunulate pale submarginal line ; a marginal series of specks. Hind
wing fuscous ; underside paler, with cell-spot and indistinct post-
medial line.

Hab. Lahoul, 12,000 feet. Exp. 38 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

SECT. III. (Peridroma). Antennae of male with fasciculated cilia.

1628. Agrotis intracta, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 346; C. $ S. no. 1991.

Fuscous brown ; the hind wing dark fuscous ; markings as in
seyetis.

Hab. Dharrnsala ; Nepal. Exp. 46 millim.

1629. Agrotis sikkima, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 53 ; C. $ S. no. 2079.

Smoky black ; head and thorax with some white scales. Fore
wing with the lines ill denned ; a white speck followed by a black
patch in interno-median interspace ; the orbicular and reniform
white ; the medial area irrorated with white scales ; three black
streaks on the subrnargiDal line. Hind wing whitish, suffused with
fuscous towards outer margin.

One specimen has the collar white.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 36 millim.

1630. Agrotis undulans, Moore, A. M. N. ff. (5) i, p. 233, # 2nd Yar-

kand Mission, pi. 1, fig. 10 ; C. fy S. no. 2007.

$ . Pale ochreous brown. Fore wing with traces of double
waved subbasal ante- and postmedial lines and single waved sub-
marginal line. Hind wing with the cilia white.

Hab. Yarkand ; S. Afghanistan ; Karachi. Exp. 44 millim.

1631. Agrotis plecta, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 851; Kirby, Em. Butt. Moths,

pi. 36, fig. 4 a (larva).
Ochropleura vicaria, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 409.

Ochropleura costalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 56 ; C. $ S. no. 2021.
Ochropleura ignota, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 411.

184

Bright reddish chestnut ; palpi dark at sides ; collar pale with a
black line through it. Fore wing short and square, with a broad
white costal fascia from base to postmedial line, usually with a
black fascia below it ; the ante- and postmedial lines single, in-
distinct, and curved ; the submarginal line almost obsolete ;
orbicular and reniform small with white outline ; claviform almost
obsolete ; a marginal series of dark specks. Hind wing white,
sometimes with a reddish tinge.

Larva brown ; the ventral area yellow ; fine dark lines on dorsal
area ; stigmata black.

Hob. N. America ; Europe ; S. Africa ; Japan ; Sikhim ; Ceylon.
Exp. 34 millim.

1632. Agrotis conformis, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1885, p. 349, pi. 9

fig. 5 ; C. fy S. no. 1984.

cJ . Uniform ochreous ; the hind wing ochreous white.
Hob. Quetta. Exp. 38 millim.

1633. Agrotis cespitis, Smnh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1885, p. 349, pi. ix,

fig. 4 ; C.&S. no. 1983.

cJ . Pale ochreous ; collar with a line through it. Pore wing
with indistinct double subbasal aute-r and postmedial waved lines
and waved submarginal line ; orbicular, reniform, and claviform
with indistinct dark outlines ; a marginal dark line. Hind wing
ochreous white.

Hob. Quetta. Exp. 32 millim.

SECT. IV. (Chera). Antennae of male minutely ciliated.
A. Hind wing with the apex slightly produced.

1634. Agrotis tenuis, Bull III Het. vii, p. 57, pi. 127, fig. 12.

c? . Head and thorax bright chestnut-red ; abdomen paler.
Tore wing chestnut-red ; the orbicular and reniform large and on
a dark patch ; the postmedial waved line indistinct ; the sub-
marginal line regularly curved, except that it is bent inwards below
the costa. Hind wing pale red, the cilia chestnut. Underside of
fore wing fuscous, the costal and outer areas reddish ; hind wing
pale reddish, the costal area darkest ; a cell-spot and indistinct
postmedial line.

Hob. Laka, Kangra, N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 40 millim.

B. Hind iving with the apex rounded.

1635. Agrotis descripta, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 61, pi. iv, fig. 11

(1864).

Cerastis suhdolens, Butt. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 181.
Graphiphora basistriga, Moore. P. Z. S. 1867. p. 54; C. $8

no. 2008

AGEOTIS. 185

Graphiphora vulpina, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 118 ; C. fy S. no. 2019.
Graphiphora rubicilia, Moore t P. Z. S. 1807, p. 55 ; C. # S.

no. 2017.

Graphiphora canescens, Butl. III. Het. ii, p. 28, pi. 30, fig. 1.
Orthosia erubescens, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) v, p. 224 \C.$8. no. 1914.
Graphiphora flavirena, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 352. pi. 38, fig. 3;

C. fy S. no. 2012.
Graphiphora nigrosigna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881. p. 352, pi. 38. fig. 4;

C. Sf S. no. 2015.

Chera efflorescens, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 78, pi. 145, fig. 7.
Chera erubescens, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 78, pi. 145, fig. 14.

Fuscous or purplish grey-brown, pale or dark red-brown, or
bright red or golden brown. Palpi black at sides, or pink in the
golden specimens. Pore wing with the subbasal, ante- and post-
medial waved lines indistinct, the last much curved; the sub-
marginal line pale and angled below the costa ; the orbicular and
renit'orm indistinct, the latter often with the upper part ochreous
or reddish, the lower part fuscous ; the claviform small and
obsolescent, sometimes filled in with black. Hind wing pale or
dark fuscous; cilia of both wings reddish. Underside with a
postmedial line doubly curved on hind wing, which has a cell-spot.

Descripta=subdolens= canescens are reddish forms ; basistriya is
yellowish chestnut with distinct markings ; rubicilia golden brown
with the markings indistinct ; • efflorescens and erubescens from the
Nilgiris are vinous grey-brown with very indistinct markings, the
latter with the claviform black.

Hob. Japan; N.W.Himalayas; Sikhim ; Nilgiris. Exp. 32-40
millim.

1636. Agrotis cerastoides, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 54; C. $ 8.

no. 2009.

Apamea nubila, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 346, pi. 38, fig. 10 ; C. Sf S.
no. 2057.

Differs from descripta in being dark purplish grey ; the post-
medial double line of fore wing more prominent and evenly
curved.

Hob. Simla ; Sikhim. Exp. 32-40 millim.

1637. Agrotis curviplena, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 715 ;<?.#& no. 1913.

Head and thorax clothed with ochreous and rufous hair ; abdo-
men fuscous. Fore wing ochreous and rufous ; the double
subbasal and antemedial waved lines prominent ; the orbicular,
reniform, and claviform large with rufous outlines ; an indistinct
medial line angled below the costa in cell and on median nervure ;
a lunulate postmedial line ; the submarginal line straight and dark
rufous ; a marginal fine line. Hind wing dark fuscous, the cilia
ochreous. Underside of fore wing fuscous, with the costal and
outer areas reddish ochreous ; hind wing reddish ochreous, with
irregular postmedial line.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 40 millim.

186

1638. Agrotis cervina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 47, pi. 6, fig. 18;

C. $ 8. no. 1704.

c? . Head and thorax purplish grey ; palpi and pectus bright
chestnut; abdomen reddish. .Fore wing purplish grey; a double
subbasal chestnut line with a speck beyond it ; double curved
antemedial and slightly vinous postmedial lines, the area between
them suffused with chestnut ; the orbicular grey, large, and oblique ;
the reniform dark and indistinct ; an indistinct waved chestnut
sub marginal line ; a marginal series of specks ; cilia reddish.
Hind wing and underside reddish brown ; the latter with post-
medial line to both wings.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 46 millim.

1639. Agrotis albipennis, Butl. III Set. vii, p. 58, pi. 127, fig. 13.

Pale red-brown ; palpi chestnut at sides ; collar with dark edge ;
abdomen pale, chestnut at extremity. Fore wing pale red-brown ;
the subbasal line deep black from costa to above vein 1 ; the ante-
medial waved line very oblique, narrowing from a deep black spot
on costa ; the orbicular and reniform defined by fine lines and
incomplete above and below, the latter with a dark line in centre ;
claviform defined by a fine line ; an obliquely curved medial line
with a diffused darker shade beyond it ; the postmedial line slightly
waved and incurved at vein 3, arising from a black speck on costa ;
submarginal and marginal lines, the former slightly angled below
costa, where there is a dark shade inside it. Hind wing ochreous
white in male, fuscous in female.

Hob. Dharmsala. Exp. 40 millim.

1640. Agrotis putris, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 850 ; Buckler, Brit. Butt.

Moths, pi. 52, fig. 5 (larva).

Axylia lignosa, Hubn. Eur. Sclimett. Noct. fig. 245.
Axylia triseriata, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1888, p. 409 ; C. $ S.

no. 1715 A.

Head and collar whitish red-brown ; thorax red-brown ; abdomen
fuscous. Fore wing ochreous white ; the costal area suffused
with red-brown ; the basal area streaked with red-brown as far as
the highly dentate double antemedial line ; orbicular and reniform
with dark centres and outline ; claviform dentate and obsolescent ;
the postmedial line consisting of a series of small lunules, the
submarginal line of a double series of specks ; a marginal series of
specks with some red-brown marks on margin. Hind wing whitish
with slight brown suffusion.

Larva fuscous ; the head black ringed with yellow ; thoracic
somites with two pairs of dark stripes ; the other somites with sub-
dorsal and lateral series of black spots and pale sublateral line ;
some yellow on 4th and anal somites. Another form has black
specks on the thoracic somites and dark double dorsal bands and

AGROTIS. 187

lateral stripes instead of spots on the other somites ; the yellow
confined to the terminal somites.

Hob. Europe ; Japan ; Dharmsala. Exp. 40 millim.

1641. Agrotis renalis, Moore, P Z. S. 1881, p. 341 ; C. $ S. no. 1715.

Differs from putris in the orbicular and renif orm stigmata being
smaller ; a blackish fascia from the former to the outer margin
below apex ; cilia chequered brown and pale.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Punjab ; Sind. Exp. 36 millim.

1642. Agrotis dispalata, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 145.

Differs from renalis in the dark fascia of the fore wing being
interrupted at the middle ; the hind wing pure white.
Hob. Poona ; Khandala. Exp. 28 millim.

1643. Agrotis niveisparsa, Butl III Het. vii, p. 54, pi. 127, fig. 11.

c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing dark brown irrorated with grey,
the last with the subbasal, ante- and postmedial double waved
lines somewhat indistinct ; the orbicular and reniform large, not
prominent, and outlined with ochreous and black, a dark shade
round the reniform ; a submarginal series of ochreous specks, those
towards the costa having dark dashes before them ; a marginal
series of black points ; three white specks on costa towards apex.
Abdomen and hind wing dark fuscous, the latter with a dark
lunule at end of cell and postmedial band on underside.

Hob. Dharmsala. Exp. 40 millim.

1644. Agrotis griseivena, n. sp.

$ . Head and collar reddish ; thorax and abdomen grey. Fore
wing pale red-brown ; the basal three-fourths of costa grey ; the
median nervure and veins 1, 3, and 4 as far as the submarginal
line grey ; the subbasal and antemedial double waved lines indis-
tinct towards costa, black below the cell ; the orbicular, reniform,
and claviform with black and grey outlines ; the postmedial lunu-
late line black and grey ; a submarginal slightly waved very
prominent grey line ; a marginal lunulate black line ; base of cilia
ochreous. Hind wing pale fuscous. Underside with postmedial
sinuous line to both wings.

Hob. Dalhousie (Harford). Exp. 40 millim. Type in B. M.

1645. Agrotis ravida, Sdiiff. Wien. Verz. p. 80.
Noctua obscura, Erahm, Ins. Kal. i, p. 191.
Noctua bigramma, Esp. Schmett. Eur. pi. loO, fig. 2.
Noctua obducta, Esp. Schmctt. Eur. pi. 14:?, fig. 4.
Noctua austera, Esp. Schmett. Eur. pi. 142, fig. 5.
Graphiphora valida, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 711 ; C. # S. no. 2018 A.

Grey-brown, sometimes with a reddish tinge. Fore wing with
a black streak from base below median nervure ; the subbasal double

188

black line waved, the antemedial dentate ; the orbicular and reni-
form with black outlines, and often with a black streak between
them, the former often elongate ; claviform narrow and often
obsolete ; the double waved postmedial line curved and indistinct ;
three pale specks on costa towards apex ; the submarginal pale
line indistinct. Underside of both wings with a postmedial line.

Hab. N. America ; Europe ; Japan ; China ; Thandiani, Punjab.
Exp. 48 milim.

1646. Agrotis modesta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 351 ; C. $ S.

no. 1994.
Spaelotis ambigua, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 54, pi. 128, figs. 10, 11.

Differs from ravida in being pale or dark red-brown; the
abdomen and hind wing dark fuscous. Fore wing with no black
streak from base ; the antemedial double line waved ; the orbicular
rounded ; claviform present. Underside without postmedial line ;
hind wing with a dark spot nt end of cell.

Hab. Dharmsala. Exp. 44 millim.

1647. Agrotis c-nigrum, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 852 ; C. # S. no. 2016 ;

Hiibn. Eur. Schmett. Noct. pi. 24, fig. Ill ; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix,

pi. 176, fig. 4 (larva).

Bombyx non-atrum, Esp. Schmett. Eur. iii, text, p. 385.
Noctua gothica, var. singularis, Esp. Schmett. Eur. iii, pi. 76, fig. 3.

Head, thorax, and fore wing dark brown or red-brown. Palpi
black at sides : collar whitish, tipped with brown, and with a fuscous
line on it ; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing with double subbasal
and antemedial evenly curved black lines ; a pale triangular patch
from the middle of costa obliterating the orbicular, which has tri-
angular black patches before and after it ; reniform large, pale and
fuscous, and defined by inner and outer lines ; claviform small and
indistinct ; an indistinct double waved and much curved postmedial
line with a series of dark specks on it ; the submarginal line indis-
tinct, angled and defined by black below the costa. Hind wing
whitish, suffused with fuscous. Underside with indistinct post-
medial line and cell-spot to hind wing.

Larva pink, with a broad dark brown subdorsal band ; a lateral
yellow band with brown spots on it ; head red-brown.

Hab. N. America ; Europe ; Japan ; N.W. Himalayas ; Khasis ;
Bombay ; Mlgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 44 millim.

1648. Agrotis ditrapezium, Borkli. Schmett. Eur. iv. p. 515; C. $ S.

no. 2023.

Noctua tristigma, TreitscTie, Ochs. Eur. Schmett. v, p. 243.
Ochropleura consanguinea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 353 ; C. fy S.

no. 2020.
Ochropleura renalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 55; C. fy S.

no. 2025.

Differs from c-nigrum in the collar being usually of the ground-
colour, sometimes rufous. Fore wing with the whole costal area

AGROTIS. 189

concolorous or with a whitish fascia from the base to postmedial
line; orbicular grey-brown and forming a complete circle, the cell
on each side of it black. Hind wing darker fuscous.

The form renalis has the double antemedial lines of the fore
wing with two sinuations, instead of oblique and minutely dentate ;
the hind wing darker.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 50-58 millim.

1649. Agrotis junctura, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 3-51 ; C. & S.

no. 1992.

c? . Differs from ditrapezium in the subbasal and antemedial lines
of fore wing being inwardly oblique; the orbicular oval and
oblique.

Hal). Dalhousie. Exp. 42 millim.

1650. Agrotis flammatra, Fair. Mant. Ins. ii. p. 155; C. 8c S.

no. 2024.
Agrotis basiclavis, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 346.

Differs from c-nigrum in being pale brown ; the collar brown
with a deep black triangular mark. Tore wing with a broad pale
costal fascia from the base to postmedial line ; no subbasal line
but a black streak from the base below median nervure ; orbicular
pale, rounded, and joined to the costal fascia ; reniform pale ; the
area in the cell outlining the stigmata varying from brown to dark
fuscous ; claviform almost obsolete ; a marginal series of dark specks.
Hind wing fuscous brown.

Hob. Europe ; N.W. Himalayas ; Punjab ; Sikhirn.
56 millim.

1657. Agrotis triangularis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 55; C. $ S.
no. 2027.

Differs from flammatra in being dark purplish red-brown ; the
collar white, tinged with rufous in front of the triangular black
mark ; costal fascia white or tinged with rufous ; the orbicular
subtriangular ; the cell not darker than the ground-colour ; the
ante- and postmedial double lines rufous. Hind wing dark
fuscous.

Hab. Japan ; N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Satara ; Nilgiris.
Exp. 48 millim.

1652. Agrotis accipiter, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. Ill, fig. 29; C. $ S.
no. 2261.

Head and collar yellowish white ; thorax and abdomen brown.
Tore wing brown ; the costal area suffused with grey-green ;
subbasal, ante- and postmedial waved black lines ; the orbicular
and reniform large with some dark suffusion round them, the
latter with grey centre; an indistinct submarginal line with a

190 NOCTUID.E.

dark dash on it below the costa ; a marginal irregular lunulate
line. Hind wing pale yellow, with a broad fuscous marginal band.
Hob. Pangi, Ladak; Sikhim. Exp. 48 millim.

1653. Agrotis pronuba, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 842 ; Boisd. Chen. Noct.

pi. ix, figs. 4, 5, 6 (larva).

Agrotis innuba, Treitsche, Ear. Schmett. v, 1, p. 265.
Triphaena pronuba, var. hoegei, Herr.-Schaffer* Neue Schmett. p. 25,

figs. 117, 118.
Triphaena subsequa, Koll. (nee Treitsche) HuyeVs Kaschmir, iv,

p. 478.

Head and collar brownish white, the latter with a red-brown
line through it and dark tip ; palpi red-brown at sides ; thorax
red-brown or fuscous ; abdomen reddish ochreous. Pore wing
greyish fuscous or red-brown ; the medial and inner areas suffused
with fuscous ; the subbasal, ante- and postmedial double waved lines
somewhat indistinct ; orbicular filled in with grey, the reniform
with fuscous ; the claviform obsolete ; the waved submarginal line
defined with black below the costa ; a marginal lunulate line.
Hind wing bright yellow, with a broad irregular submarginal black
band.

Larva yellow, with the ventral area green, a series of short
subdorsal black streaks, the stigmata black ; or purplish grey, with
a yellow dorsal line and yellow marks below the black streaks ; or
purplish grey varied with brown, the ventral area green, a lateral
brown and yellow line.

Hob. Europe ; Dharmsala. Exp. 60 millim.

*1654. Agrotis ? cuprea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 64 ; C. fy 8. no. 2272.

Dark red-brown. Fore wing with double waved subbasal and
antemedial black lines ; the orbicular and claviform spots large
and black ; a black quadrate spot in end of cell ; the reniform with
black outline ; the median nervure, discocellulars, and bases of
veins 3, 4, 5 pale ; a pale submarginal line with a series of black
spots on its inner edge ; a waved black marginal line. Hind wing
copper-colour.

Hob. " Bengal." Exp. 56 millim.

Genus AMPHIPYRA.

Amphipyra, Ochs. Schmett. Eur. iv, p. 70 (1816).
Apopestes, Hubn. Verz. p. 275 (1818).

Type, A. tragopogonis, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Europe ; Japan ; Himalayas ; Khasi Hills.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully formed ; palpi
upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd prominent ;
antennae simple in both sexes ; thorax and abdomen without
tufts, the latter flattened ; tibia3 without spines. Fore wing of
rather even breadth throughout ; the outer margin nearly erect ;
cilia crenulate.

AMPHIPTEA. 191

SECT. 1. (Amphipyra}. Palpi with the 2nd joint smoothly scaled.

1655. Amphipyra monolitha, Guen. Noct. ii,p. 414 ; C. $ S. no. 2258.
Amphipyra surnia, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 112, fig. 17.

Head and thorax dark chocolate ; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing
with the waved subbasal and antemedial double lines filled in with

Fig. 118. — Amphipyra monolitha, $ . \.

silvery grey ; the orbicular small and silvery ; the postmedial
waved line bent inwards below the costa, and with diffused silvery
grey on its outer edge ; a subrnarginal series of ill-defined silvery-
grey lunules, those towards the costa having black streaks inside
them and joined by grey streaks to a marginal series of specks.
Hind wing coppery red, the costal area suffused with red-brown ;
underside with cell-spot and broad marginal band. The silvery
grey of fore wing may be replaced by pale brown.

Hab. Japan ; JN". China ; Dharmsala ; Sikhim. Exp. 66 millim.

1656. Amphipyra magna, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii,p. 868 ; C. #. S. no. 2257.
Amphipyra chalcoptera, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 112, fig. 18 ; C. fy S.

no. 2254.

Differs from monolitha in the head, thorax, and fore wing being:
pale red-brown irrorated with black scales, the last with a broad
medial black-brown band ; the subbasal and postmedial lines more
prominent and waved ; the orbicular larger ; the submarginal dark
and pale lunules more prominent and joined to the marginal specks
by dark streaks. Underside of both wings with postmedial
diffused band.

Hob. N.AV. Himalayas ; Punjab. Exp. 70 millim.

1657. Amphipyra livida, Schi/. Wien. Verz. p. 85.

Amphipyra corvina, Motsch. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxix, i,

p. 194 (1866)
Amphipyra corviis, C. $ S. no. 2255.

Head, thorax, and fore wing dark shining purplish fuscous ; the
vertex of head sometimes pale reddish ; abdomen fuscous. Hind
wing pale, suffused with coppery red, the apical area with fuscous.

Hob. Europe ; Japan ; China ; Khasis. Exp. 48-52 millim.

192

1658. Amphipyra cnpreipennis, Moore. Lev. Atk. p. 155 ; C. & S.

no. 2256.

c? . Differs from livida in having slight traces of a curved dark
medial band on the fore wing. Hind wing deep coppery red,
the costal area brown.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 66 millim.

1659. Amphipyra albicilia, n. sp.

5 . Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish grey. Fore wing reddish
grey, the veins slightly streaked with black ; the subcostal, ante-
and postmedial double waved lines indistinct ; lunulate postmedial
and marginal lines ; a pale reddish streak from middle of cell to
near outer margin, with an ill-defined dark streak below it ; a
dark streak from base in interno-median interspace, becoming pale
red from below the middle of cell. Hind wing coppery red, with
white margin and cilia. Underside coppery red, with broad costal
white band to fore wing ; both wings with a broad marginal white
band and whitish lunule at end of cell.

Hob. Mussooree (Marford). Exp. 58 millim. Type in B. M.

SECT. II. (Apopestes). Palpi with the 2nd joint clothed with
long hair in front.

1660. Amphipyra spectrum, Esp. Schmett. Eur. iv, 1, p. 131, pi. 100,

figs. 3, 4 ; Dup. $ Guen. Noct. pi. i (larva) ; C. $ 8. no. 2305.
Noctua socrus, Giorna, Cal. Ent. 143.
Noctua genistse, Vill. Ent. Linn. ii. p. 272, no. 339.
Amphipyra phantasma, Eversm. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xvi, 1843,

p. 546 ; C. 8f S. no. 2304.

Apopestes indica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 22 ; C. 8?. S. no. 2303.
Anthophila ligaminosa, C. 8f S. no. 1886 (nee Eversm.}.

Ochreous brown ; head and thorax irrorated with black scales.
Fore wing irrorated with black scales ; a short basal black line
from the costa with a spot below it : a strongly waved antemedial
line ; traces of a medial line ; an irregularly waved prominent
postmedial line bent outwards round end of cell ; reniform with
indistinct greyish outline ; a submarginal series of pale specks
with blackish patches inside them towards inner margin ; a series
of marginal specks. Underside with narrow medial black band
to both wings.

The variety phantasma has the fore wing more mottled with
black, the transverse lines less prominent.

Larva. Yellowish green, with two broad black subdorsal lines
filled in with yellow, below this is a band of blue with dark spots
on it, then yellow with black specks, then a band of blue with the
stigmata dark, and some irregular black stria3 above the claspers.

Hob. Europe ; Persia ; Quetta ; Afghanistan ; Hazara, JNT.W.
Punjab ; Tarkand ; Dharmsala. Exp. 80 millim.

AMPHIPTEA. — ATTCHA. 193

1661. Amphipyra himalayica, n. sp.

c? . Differs from spectrum in being greyish ochreous-brown
without black irroration. Fore wing with the transverse lines
but slightly darker than the ground-colour and with ochreous
outlines ; the subbasal line absent ; the antemedial nearer the
base and minutely dentate ; the postmedial lunulate ; a submarginal
irregularly lunulate line; the reniform represented by a lunule
at end of cell. Underside with indistinct cell-spot and postmedial
pale line to both wings.

Hob, Murree (HarforcT). Exp. 52 millim. Type in B. M.

Genus EPILECTA.
Epilecta, Hiibn. Verz. p. 220 (1818).

Type, E. linogrisea, Schiff., from Europe.
Range. Europe ; Japan ; Himalayas.

Differs from Agrotis in the fore tibias not being spined ; the
antennae ciliated.

1662. Epilecta semiherbida, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 743; Butl III. Het.

vi, pi. 110, fig. 1 ; C.$8. no. 2031.
Epilecta decorata, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) iv, 1 879, p. 361.

Head, thorax, and fore wing variegated with green and brown
shades ; palpi black at sides ; abdomen fuscous brown. Fore

Fig. 119. — Epilecta semiherbida, <$. {.

wing with the subbasal, ante- and postmedial double waved lines
distinct ; the two former with a black speck in the cell between
them ; the orbicular and reniform fuscous, their inner and outer
edges denned by black lines ; the claviform obsolete ; the waved
submarginal line with a black spot on it below the costa; a
marginal series of lunules. Hind wing bright yellow, with a large
black cell-spot ; a black fascia along the costa joining the broad
irregular submarginal black band.

Hob. Japan ; Dharmstila ; Sikhim. Exp. 44 milliin.

Genus AUCHA.
Aucha, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1137 (1857).

Type, A. velans, Wlk.

llanye. Bombay ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Penang.

YOL. II. °

194 NOCTUIDjE.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully developed ; palpi
upturned and smoothly scaled, the second joint reaching above
vertex of head, the third short. Antennae simple. Thorax and
abdomen without tufts and smoothly scaled ; tibiae without spines.
Tore wing with the cilia not crenulate ; hind wTing produced at
apex.

1663. Aucha velans, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1138; Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix,

pi. 162, fig. 15 ; C. $ 8. no. 2350.

Head and thorax dark brown ; abdomen fuscous brown. Yore
wing dark brown, with faint traces of
the usual waved lines and the orbicular
and renif orm . Hind wing black-browrn ;
an orange band, sometimes suffused
with brown, beyond the cell and below
its lower angle ; an orange marginal
streak at anal angle ; cilia orange,
streaked with fuscous. Underside
jw 120. fuscous brown ; hind wing with the

Amha velans, tf. \. disk and anal angle tinged with orange ;

a cell-spot and broad marginal dark band.

In some specimens the head, thorax, and fore wing are suffused
with olive-green.

Nab. Ceylon ; Burma. Exp. 40 inillim.

1664. Aucha nectens, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1704 ; C. $ 8. no. 2349.
Briarda latipennis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 894.

Differs from velans in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
olivaceous grey, the last with diffused antemedial, medial, and sub-
marginal bands often developed ; the waved lines usually well
marked. Underside with the basal half of both wings suffused
with orange.

Hob. Bombay ; Penang. Exp. 44 millim.

Genus HYPERN2ENIA, nov.

Type, H. denticulate^ "Warr.

Range. Himalayas ; Burma.

Differs from Epilecta in the fore wing being broader, the apex
more produced, and the outer margin more oblique; the cilia
crenulate.

SECT. I. Palpi with the 3rd joint short.

1665. Hypernsenia denticulata, Warr. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 307 : C. $ S.

no. 2022 A.

Fuscous with a slight reddish tinge. Fore wing with the costal
area paler ; the subbasal and antemedial double waved lines very

195

indistinct ; the orbicular and reniform indistinct ; the postmedial
line very highly dentate from the subcostal to vein 2 ; the area
beyond the irregularly waved submarginal line paler. Hind wing
fuscous ; the cilia white.

Hob. Thandiani, Punjab. Exp. 60 millim.

1666. Hypernaenia atrovirens, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 614; C. $ S.

no. 1758.

Head and thorax clothed with black, brown, and grey scales ;
abdomen fuscous. Fore wing clothed with black and olive scales ;
subbasal and antemedial double waved black lines ; some pinkish
brown below base of median nervure and beyond the costal part of
antemedial line ; the orbicular and reniform with black and white
edges and pinkish brown centres, the area between them black ; an
indistinct waved medial black line ; the postmedial lunulate black
line with pale marks in the sinuations ; some white specks on costa
towards apex ; a submarginal series of irregularly placed black

Fig. 121. — Hyperncenia atrovirens, $

lunules with reddish brown beyond them ; a marginal series of
small black lunules ; cilia white and fuscous. Hind wing dark
fuscous, the cilia whitish. Underside fuscous black ; fore wing
with white orbicular and reniform stigmata and postmedial black
line ; hind wing with the basal two-thirds suffused with white ; a
cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hob. Sikhim ; Rangoon. Exp. 48 millim.

1667. Hypernaenia nigroviridis, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 615; C. $ S.

no. 1761.

Differs from atrovirens in the basal two-thirds of fore wing being
suffused with silvery green ; the subbasal, antemedial, medial, and
postmedial lines indistinct ; the outer third of wing coppery red-
brown, with the submarginal lunules conjoined and ill-defined ; a
blue-grey band inside the marginal lunules. Underside of fore
wing with marginal blue-grey band ; the hind wing less suffused
with white.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 50 millim.

1668. Hypernaenia renalba, Moore, Lep. Afk. p. Ill; C. $ S.

no. ^082.

£ . Head black-brown ; thorax reddish brown ; abdomen
fuscous. Fore wing black-brown ; some obscure dark marks

o2

196

between the subbasal and antemedial lines ; reniform pure white ;
the lunulate postmedial line indistinct ; the subinarginal line con-
sisting of an irregular series of dashes ; a marginal series of white
specks. Hind wing fuscous.^ Underside of fore wing with the
reniform white ; hind wing whitish, with prominent dark cell-spot
and postmedial line ; outer area suffused with fuscous.
Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 38 millim.

1669. Hypernaenia violacea, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 54, pi. 127, fig. 5.

Head, thorax, and fore wing dark purplish brown, the last with
faint traces of ante- and postmedial waved lines and medial and
submarginal diffused bands ; the orbicular and reniform barely
traceable. Abdomen and hind wing dark fuscous, the former with
the extremity red-brown. Underside with the postmedial line
more prominent.

Hab. Dharmsala. Exp. 52-60 millim.

SECT. II. Palpi with the 3rd joint long.

1670. Hypernaenia flavicaudata, Warr. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 312 ;

C. $ S. no. 2256 A.

2 • Pale violaceous brown with an ochreous tinge ; anal tuft
ochreous. Fore wing brown ; subbasal and antemedial waved lines,
between which are two diffused waved bands ; a medial diffused
band ; the postmedial waved line excurved beyond cell ; the sub-
marginal line irregularly waved and with a diffused band before it ;
a lunulate marginal line. Hind wing fuscous with an ochreous
tinge ; the costal area and outer margin ochreous. Underside with
a faint cell-spot and postmedial line to each wing.

Hab. Thandiani, Punjab. Exp. 56-60 millim.

Genus HERMONASSA.

Hermonassa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 631 (1865).

•

Type, H. consignata, Wlk.
Range. Japan ; Himalayas.

Differs from Ac/rotis in having the palpi upturned and clothed
with long hair below running out to a sharp point, the 3rd joint
reaching above vertex of head. Fore wing long and narrow, with
the apex rounded. Hind wings with veins 3 and 4 from cell, 6 and
7 stalked.

1671. Hermonassa consignata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 632; C. fy S.

no. 2034.
Hermonassa lunnta, Moore, Lep. Afk. p. 120 ; C. $ S. no. 2037.

Red-brown. Fore wing with a double waved subbasal line with

HEUMONASSA. 197

black marks on its edges ; a double antemedial waved line traversed
by the black claviform ; the orbicular

/and reniform stigmata black with pale
edges, sometimes with a fuscous patch
between them; a double postmedial
curved and waved line ; a waved sub-
j^j/ marginal line; a marginal series of

lunules. Hind wing pale brownish
Fig. 122. fuscous.

Hermonassa consignata, tf . [. The form consiynata is dark red-
brown, lunata chestnut-brown.
Hab. Kashmir ; Dharmsala ; Sikhim. Exp. 30 millim.

1672. Hermonassa spilota, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 55; C. fy S.

no. 2026.

2 . Differs from consignata in the costal area of the fore wing
being suffused with grey to near the apex ; the transverse lines
quite obsolete ; the orbicular an elongate oval ; the claviform more
elongate ; the veins pale ; a marginal series of black specks.

Hab. " Bengal." Exp. 30 millim.

1673. Hermonassa incisa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 120 ; C. $ S. no. 2036.

Differs from consiynata in being browner. Pore wing with the
transverse lines very indistinct ; the sub marginal line more dentate.
Hind wing fuscous.

Hab. Dharmsala ; Sikhim. Exp. 38 millim.

1674. Hermonassa chalybeata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 353, pi. 38,

fig. 17 ; C. $ S. no. 2033.

$ . Differs from incisa in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
dark cupreous brown, the last with all the markings indistinct.
The Kumaon specimen is rather duller brown.
Hab. Kumaun ; Sikhim. Exp. 34 millim.

1675. Hermonassa lanceola, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 59 ; C. $ S.

no. 1938.

Differs from consiynata in being paler and more olive-brown ; the
orbicular kidney-shape ; the hind wing dark brown.
Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 33 millim.

1676. Hermonassa sinnata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 353, pi. 38, fig. 5 ;

C. Sf S. no. 2038.
Hermonassa cuprina, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 120 ; C. Sf S. no. 2035.

Differs from consiynata in being bright reddish chestnut. Fore
wing with no black markings ; some dentate marks beyond the
subbasal line ; the orbicular, reniform, and claviform filled in by
the ground-colour. Hind wing dark fuscous.

198 tfOCTUID^E.

The form cuprina is darker than sinuata, the hind wing black-
brown.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 44 millim.

Genus HADENA.

Hadena, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii, 2, p. 158 (1802).
Mamestra, Ochs. Sclimett. Eur. iv, p. 76 (1816).
Neuria, Guen. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x, p. 241 (1841).

Type, H. cucubali, Schiff., from Europe.

Range. Universally distributed.

Eyes hairy ; palpi upturned and clothed with long hairs, the
3rd joint short ; antennae of male ciliated. Thorax squarely scaled
and flattened ; abdomen with dorsal tufts on proximal segments ;
tibiae not spined. Wings short and broad ; bind wing with
veins 3 and 4 from cell or on a very short stalk.

SECT. I. Eore wing short and broad.

1677. Hadena trifolii, Rott. Naturf. ix, p. 131.
Noctua chenopodii, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii, p. 156.

Pale brown. Fore wing with three highly-waved lines before
the middle ; orbicular and reniform dark ringed, the former with
pale centre, the latter with dark ; claviforrn a black lunule ; a
curved, dentate, dark, postmedial line ; a pale irregularly waved
submarginal line with a W-mark at centre ; some small dark luuules
on margin ; cilia with pale streaks. Hind wing pale, the veins
and a broad marginal band fuscous ; cilia white.

Halt. Europe ; Campbellpur. Exp. 36 millim.

1678. Hadena perdentata, n. sp.

£ . Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with dark brown, red-
brown, and grey hair. Fore wing pale brown, suffused with leaden
grey ; subbasal and antemedial ochreous dentate lines with black
edges, the latter highly dentate above inner margin ; the orbicular
ochreous with brown centre ; the reniform. leaden grey, with
ochreous inner edge ; the claviform very large, with black outline
and a pale dentate patch beyond it ; a crenulate postmedial line ;
an ochreous submarginal line very highly dentate at centre and
with some dark suffusion inside it. Hind wing fuscous brown,
with the cilia whitish. Underside with cell-spot and postmedial
line.

Hob. Kashmir (McArtliur). Exp. 42 millim. Type in coll.
Leech.

HADENA. . 199

1679. Hadena consanguis, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 97 ; C. $ S. no. 2050.
Apamea undicilia, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 251.
Hadena media, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 756 ; C. fy S. no. 1939.
Apamea latifasciata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 345 ; C. $ S. no. 2054.
Apamea viriata, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 450 ; C. $ S. no. 2063.
Apamea cana, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 79, pi. 145, fig. 8.

Differs from trifolii in the pale clothing of the head, thorax, and
abdomen being mixed with dark hairs. Pore wing much suffused
with fuscous, especially the medial area and beyond the sub marginal
line, which is indistinct and with the W-inark not very prominent.
Hind wing scarcely paler at base.

*^g^>

Fig. 123. — Hadena consanguis,

The form cana from the Mlgiris is ochreous or pinkish ochreous,
with the dark suffusion of fore wing confined to round the reniforin ;
the hind wing paler. In media and latifasciata = viriata the head
and thorax are dark red-brown ; fore wing with the suffused
areas dark red-brown, the pale area with a reddish tinge, the area
beyond the postrnedial line prominently pale with some reddish
dentate marks on it : in the latter, from N.W. India and Bombay,
the hind wing is suffused with fuscous, in the former, from Canara
and the Nilgiris, white with a dark marginal line.

Hob. Throughout Peninular India and Ceylon. Exp. 34-38
millim.

1680. Hadena nigrocuprea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 52 ; C. $ S.
no. 2077.

c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing very dark red-brown ; the last
with the usual transverse lines very indistinct ; the orbicular and
reniform large and indistinct, the latter with two white specks at
its lower extremity ; the claviform with black outline ; four white
specks on costa towards apex. Abdomen and hind wing fuscous.
Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 34 millim.

*1681. Hadena? hastata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 130, pi. 4, fig. 20
C. # S. no. 1936.

Red-brown. Fore wing with a prominent grey-edged sinuous
antemedial black line, double below the cell ; orbicular and reniforin
with black outlines ; a black streak below the cell recurved at
extremity ; a curved postmedial pale-edged crenulate line ; a mar-
ginal series of black specks. Hind wing white with a reddish tinge;
an indistinct cell-spot.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 33 millim.

200 NOCTTTIDJE.

1682. Hadena mediana, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1881, p. 332 ; C. $ S. no. 1776.

Ochreous white. Abdomen slightly fuscous. Pore wing irrorated
with dark scales ; a black subbasal line ; minutely dentate ante-
and postmedial lines, the former oblique, the latter excurved beyond
the cell, the area between them brown, with the orbicular and
reniform grey and conjoined ; a marginal series of dark specks.
Hind wing fuscous ; the cilia whitish. Underside with cell-spot
and postmedial series of specks ; both wings with marginal series
of specks.

Hob. Simla. Exp. 34 millim.

1683. Hadena elwesi, n. sp.

c? . Violaceous grey, variegated with black. Fore wing with the
medial area darkest ; double subbasal and antemedial waved black
lines ; the orbicular, reniform, and a spot below the cell grey, the
first with a black speck at centre ; the postmedial line crenulate ;
the submarginal irregular line ill-defined ; a marginal series of black
specks. Abdomen and hind wing dark fuscous, the latter with the
base of cilia pale. Underside with cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hob. Sikhim, 10,000 feet (Elwes). Exp. 36 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. Fore wing rather longer and narrower.
A. Antenna of male minutely ciliated.

1684. Hadena dissecta, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 656 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii,

pi. 146, fig. 7 ; C. 4»- 8. no. 2143.

Head and thorax dark brown. Abdomen fuscous, pale at ex-
tremity. Fore wing dark brown ; the veins ochreous ; the sub-
basal, ante- and postmedial double lines ochreous, the second
curved, the last angled beyond the cell and met by a streak from
apex ; an ochreous doubly-curved submargioal line. Hind wing
fuscous brown.

Hal). Sikhim ; Ceylon. Exp. 45 millim.

1685. Hadena costigera, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 350; C. $ S. no. 2022.

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey-brown; palpi dark at sides.
Fore wing grey-brown, suffused with black and reddish brown ;
a broad pinkish-white costal fascia from the base to postmedial
line ; subbasal, ante- and postmedial waved double black lines,
the last incurved at vein 3; orbicular and reniform grey, with
whitish edges ; claviform almost obsolete ; the submarginal line
pale, angled below the costa and with some dark marks on each
side of it. Hind wing whitish ; the outer area suffused with
fuscous.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Khasis. Eocp. 42 millim.

HADEHA. 201

1686. Hadena incisa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 344 ; C. $ S. no. 2144.
Neuria auripicta, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 53, pi. 127, fig. 3.

Head and thorax dark grey and fuscous. Abdomen pale fuscous.
Fore wing dark grey, suffused with black ; subbasal and antemedial
waved white lines ; the orbicular and reniform with whitish out-
line and fuscous centres, the latter large ; a white streak on vein 2
and ochreous fascia on inner margin ; the curved postmedial dark
line lunulate, with some white on it below vein 2 ; a submargiual
ochreous waved band angled below costa ; a series of marginal
black specks ; cilia pale streaked. Hind wing fuscous, with traces
of a postmedial line. Underside with prominent cell-spot and
postmedial line to hind wing.

Hob. Dharmsala. Exp. 40 millim.

1687. Hadena simillima, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 344 ;(?.#& no. 2147.

5 . Differs from incisa in being redder. Tore wing with the
subbasal, ante- and postmedial double lines not filled in with white ;
the reniform with an ochreous patch on its outer side ; the sub-
marginal line narrow, with dark lunules before it ; cilia not pale
streaked. Hind wing ochreous white, slightly suffused with
fuscous towards outer margin. Underside without cell-spot on
postmedial line.

Hab. IST.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exp. 38 millim.

1688. Hadena ferrisparsa, n. sp.

Differs from incisa in the ground-colour of thorax and fore wing
being pale grey-brown ; the latter without the pale fasciae on inner
margin and vein 2 ; the orbicular larger ; some rust-red before
the submarginal line. Hind wing with the basal area whitish.

Hab. Simla ; Dalhousie (Harford}. Exp. 42 millim. Type in
B. M.

1689. Hadena nagaensis, n. sp.

£ . Differs from incisa in the subbasal and antemedial lines of
fore wing being dark ; the pale fascia on inner margin and sub-
marginal line tinged 'with rufous; no pale streak on vein 2; the
orbicular large and dark ; the reniform dark and S-shaped.

Hab. JSaga Hills, 6000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 40 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

1690. Hadena poliostigma, n. sp.

$ . Fuscous, suffused with grey. Fore wing with traces of
subbasal and antemedial lines ; the orbicular and reniform large
and whitish ; a black streak below the cell ; indistinct postmedial
and submarginal lines, the former excurved round the reniform,

202 NOCTUIDJE.

the latter with a series of dentate marks on it. Hind wing
brownish fuscous ; the cilia whitish.

Hob. Sind Valley, Kashmir (Leech). Exp. 38 millirn. Type in
coll. Leech.

1691. Hadena brassicae, Linn. Sijst. Nat. p. 852 ; Hilbn. Eur. Schmett,

Noct, pi. 18, fig. 88; C. $ S. no. 2069; Buckler, Larcw Brit.
Butterf. Moths, pi. 66, fig. 3 (larva).
Noctua albidilinea, Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 191.

Dark brown. Fore wing with indistinct double subbasal, ante-
and postmedial dark lines, the last incurved at 3rd median
nervure ; orbicular and reniform stigmata grey, the latter with
some white on it, a black dash between them ; claviform black ;
an irregular pale submarginal line, the W-mark distinct ; a series
of marginal dark lunules ; some pale costal specks. Hind wing
fuscous brown ; the cilia with a pale line through them.

Larva dark or pale green, with subdorsal and lateral darker
specks and slight longitudinal and transverse lines ; or dark
purplish fuscous with short dark streaks, the ventral area green ;
a lateral series of \vhite specks.

Hal}. Europe; N.W.Himalayas; Punjab. Exp. 52 millim.

1692. Hadena repetita, Butl III. Het. vii, p. 52, pi. 127, figs. 1, 2.

Differs from brassicce in being ferruginous red. Fore wing
reddish ochreous, irrorated and suffused with ferruginous ; the
lines very indistinct ; orbicular and reniform fuscous, often white-
edged ; claviform small, ferruginous, and obsolescent ; the sub-
marginal line very indistinct, with the W-rnark obsolescent. Hind
wing reddish fuscous.

Hab. Dharmsala. Exp. 46 millim.

1693. Hadena cuprina, Moore, P.Z.S. 1881, p. 345, pi. 38, fig. 2;

C. 8f S. no. 2051.

2 • Head, thorax, and abdomen brown. Fore wing dark
cupreous red-brown ; the usual transverse lines very indistinct ;
the orbicular and reniform greyish fuscous, the former oblique ;
three white specks on costa towards apex. Hind wing brownish
fuscous.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 42 millim.

1694. Hadena nigerrima, Warr. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 302 ; C. $ S.

no. 2076 A.

Differs from brassicce in being black-brown. Fore wings with
the markings very indistinct; the orbicular, reniform, and clavi-
form just traceable ; two white specks at lower angle of cell ; the
waved submarginal line very indistinct, with the W-mark barely
traceable. Hind wing dark fuscous.

Hab. Thandiani, Punjab ; Sikhim. Exp. 46-52 millim.

HADENA. 203

1695. Hadena SCOtochlora, Koll. HugeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 482.
Polia stevensii, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 38 j C. fy S. no. 17t>6.

Head and thorax variegated grey and black ; abdomen fuscous.
Tore wing variegated grey and black, with double waved subbasal,
antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal lines filled in with white ;
a single waved medial black line ; the orbicular and reniform large
and whitish with black outlines; a marginal series of quadrate
black spots. Hind wing fuscous, with a whitish patch at anal
angle ; underside whitish, with cell-spot and indistinct post-
medial line.

Hob. Thandiani, Punjab ; Kashmir. Exp. 55. millim.

1696. Hadena indica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 47; C. fy S. no. 1769.
Differs from scotoMora in being much darker and browner ; the

orbicular and reniform without white edges ; the former small
and round.

Hab. " Bengal " ; Nagas. Exp. 44 millim.

1697. Hadena flavala, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 46 ; C. $ S. no. 1768.

Head and thorax white, irrorated with black ; abdomen pale
brown, with dark dorsal tufts and extremity. Pore wing brownish
grey ; some irregular basal black streaks ; a slightly dentate
antemedial and obliquely lunulate postmedial line ; orbicular and
reniform small black ring-spots, with whitish patches on the
costa above them ; an indistinct medial line angled below the
costa ; an irregularly dentate submarginal black line. Hind wing
pale yellow ; the basal and inner areas suffused with pale fuscous ;
a pale fuscous diffused submarginal band.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 40 millim.

1698. Hadena knyvetti, n. sp.

3 . Head whitish, black below ; collar whitish; thorax greyish
black ; abdomen ochreous white, slightly ringed with fuscous, the
extremity ochreous. Fore wing greyish fuscous, variegated with
black ; the subbasal black line on a large whitish patch, below
which is a black lunule ; the antemedial line oblique and white,
with black outline ; the orbicular large, white, and extending to
the costa as a white patch ; the reniform indistinct ; the post-
medial line slightly waved and inwardly oblique ; the submargiual
line white and broad, with white patches at apex and centre ; a
marginal series of black specks. Hind wing pale fuscous ; under-
side with cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hab. Sikhim (Knyvett). Exp. 40 millim. Type in coll. Knyvett.

1699. Hadena albiceps, u. sp.

<$ . Head and collar white ; thorax dark chestnut, with a white
patch on inetathorax; abdomen fuscous black; legs black and

204 FOCTUIDJE.

white. Fore wing white, slightly irrorated with black ; a subbasal
black line interrupted at middle ; a short oblique antemedial line
from the costa ; a rectangular hoop-shaped mark on centre of
inner margin ; two medial black specks on the costa and a trian-
gular patch before the apex ; a comma-shaped mark beyond the
cell ; a series of black spots on the cilia. Hind wing smoky black,
the cilia white ; underside with indistinct cell-spot and postmedial
line.

Hob. Sikhim (Knyveti). Exp. 34 rnillim. Type in coll. Kny vett.

B. Antennce of male fasciculated.

1700. Hadena mamestrina, Eutl. III. Het. vii, p. 59, pi. 128, fig. 5.

c? . Differs from brassicce in the reniform being filled in with
white ; the submarginal line of fore wing consisting of white
lunules on dark streaks. Hind wing pale fuscous.

Hob. Dharmsala. Exp. 50 millim.

1701. Hadena fasciculata, n. sp.

cJ . Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown ; collar with pale fringe.
Fore wing pale red-brown, variegated with grey ; the subbasal
and antemedial lines slightly waved ; the orbicular and reniform
large and grey, with black outlines, the latter with fuscous centre ;
claviforin a large black lunule ; traces of a medial line ; the post-
medial lunulate excurved line outlined with grey near the costa ;
the submarginal line pale and nearly straight, broadest towards
the costa, and with black diffused marks on each side of it at
middle, and inside it near costa and inner margin : a crenulate
marginal line. Hind wing fuscous ; a marginal grey line ; the
cilia rufous ; underside with prominent cell-spot and sinuous post-
medial line.

Hob. Sikhim (Knyvett). Exp. 54 millim. Type in coll. Kny vett.

C. Antennce of male heavily bipectinated.

1702. Hadena cnlta, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1881, p. 347 ; C. # 8. no. 2072.

Dark purplish red-brown ; a black line on collar. Fore wing
with indistinct double subbasal and antemedial waved lines and
postmedial dentate line ; a short oblique golden striga with black
outer edge below base of median nervure ; a golden and black
mark on claviform ; the orbicular and reniform large and in-
distinct, the latter with golden and black at its lower extremity ;
a submarginal sinuous series of golden and black lunules ; a mar-
ginal series of small black lunules. Abdomen and hind wing
brown, the latter slightly suffused with grey ; underside with
lunule at end of eel] and indistinct postmedial line.

Nab. Dalhousie. Exp. 58 millim.

HADENA. — SEMIOPHOEA. 205

SECT. III. Pore wing longer and narrower.

1703. Hadena pannosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 345 ; id. Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 147,^ fig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 2059.
Apaniea sikkinia, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 109 ; C. &f S. no. 20(51.

Dark brown. Fore wing with the subbasal, ante- and post-
medial double lines pale-centred, the second highly angled near
inner margin, and with ochreous patches before it below the cell ;
the orbicular and reniform greyish ; the claviform small ; a diffused
pale patch from beyond the postmedial line to outer angle ; a
prominent pale dentate apical patch. Hind wing fuscous ; the cilia
pale with a line through them.

The form sikkima is rather redder ; the claviform larger ; no
pale patch beyond the postmedial line, and the apical patch
obsolescent.

Hah. Sikhim ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Eocp. 40-50 millim.

Genus SEMIOPHOEA.

Semiophora, Steph. Ill Brit. Ent., Haust. ii, p. 138 (1829).
Teeniocampa, Guen. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. viii, p. 477 (1839).

Type, S. gothica, Linn., from Europe.

Range. N. America, Europe, Japan, N."W. Himalayas.

Eyes hairy ; head deeply inserted in thorax ; proboscis fully
developed ; palpi porrect, extending beyond the f rons, clothed with
long hair below, and the third joint prominent ; antennae bipecti-
nated in male ; thorax evenly rounded ; abdomen without tufts ;
tibiae without spines, and clothed with long hair. Pore wing
rather long and narrow.

1704. Semiophora orthosioides, Butl III. Het. vii, p. 56, pi. 128, fig. 1.

Palpi very long ; branches of antennse long in male. Head and
thorax clothed with grey and dark
scales ; abdomen pale brown. Pore
wing pale brown irrorated with dark
scales ; traces of subbasal and ante-
medial and a more distinct curved
medial line ; a black spot at lower
Fig. 124. angle of cell ; a pale submarginal line

Semiophora orthosioides, <$ . }. with some dark suffusion beyond it.

Hind wing fuscous.

ffab. Mandi, N.W. Himalayas. E.rp. 30 millim.

1705. Semiophora ferrosticta, n. sp.

cJ . Grey ; antennae and abdomen tinged with rufous. Pore
wing slightly irrorated with fuscous; a fuscous streak on b:i>;il
inner area ; traces of a sinuous antemedial line ; the orbicular and
reniform large and indistinct, with ferruginous and dark brown

206

lower edges ; a diffused medial fuscous band passing between the
stigmata ; an indistinct crenulate postmedial line ; an indistinct
submarginal line with prominent ferruginous and dark specks on
it ; a marginal series of dark specks. Hind wing pale fuscous ;
the cilia whitish.

Hob. Kashmir (Me Arthur). Exp. 42 inillim. Type in coll.
Leech.

1706. Sexniophora castaneipennis, n. sp.

cJ . Bright chestnut. Fore wing irrorated with black specks
and strigas ; traces of subbasal and antemedial lines ; the orbicular
and reniform indistinct, with a chestnut patch between them and
before the orbicular ; an indistinct curved postmedial line with
interrupted rufous marks beyond it. Hind wing fuscous ; the
cilia rufous.

Nab. Kashmir (Me Arthur). Exp. 42 millim. Type in coll.
Leech.

Genus BOMBYCIA.

Bombycia, Steph. Ill Brit. Ent., Haust. iii, p. 57 (1829).
Cleoceris, Boisd. 2nd. Meth. p. 93 (1840).

Type B. viminalis, Fabr., from Europe.

Range. Europe ; Himalayas.

Eyes naked and lashed ; proboscis fully developed ; palpi
obliquely porrect and hairy ; thorax and abdomen without tufts ;
tibiaa without spines. Fore wing long and narrow, the apex some-
what acute.

The typical species (Sect. I.) has the antennas of male bipectinated,
with short branches.

SECT. II. Antennas of male with fasciculated cilia ; palpi
with the 3rd joint minute.

1707. Bombycia persimilis, n. sp.

Raphia viminalis, Butl. (nee Fabr.) III. Het, vii, p. 11.

Brown, with a slight reddish tinge. Fore wing with a black

streak from the base below median
nervure ; the subbasal and antemedial
double waved lines indistinct; the
orbicular and reniform large and pale
with black outlines ; claviform, a large
black lunule ; the postmedial double
\vaved line incurved to lower angle
of cell ; the submarginal irregular line
Fig. 125. pale ; cilia with slight pale streaks.

Bombycia persimilis, tf. \. Hind wing with cell-spot and faint

postmedial line below.

Hal. Dharmsala (Hocking). Exp. 36 millim. Type in B. M.

BOMBYCIA. — EUPLEXIA, 207

1708. Bombycia leucocera, n. sp.

$ . Brownish grey. Fore wing with short dark subbasal line ;
sinuous antemedial line interrupted by the ochreous claviform
streak; the orbicular and reniform white with black edges, the
former small, the latter narrow and angled inwards on median
nervure ; a slightly crenulate postmedial line, very much bent
outwards below costa ; a pale, nearly straight, submarginal line, with
a series of black marks on it.

Hob. Sind Valley, Kashmir (Leech). Exp. 46 millirn. Type in
coll. Leech.

1709. Bombycia meterythra, n. sp.

c? . Head and thorax pale, suffused with pink ; abdomen
ochreous. Fore wing pale suffused with brown, rufous, and pink,
the medial area reddish ; an indistinct subbasal line ; a sinuous
oblique antemedial line ; a curved crenulate postmedial line and
indistinct dentate submarginal line with rufous suffusion inside it ;
the orbicular and reniform large, prominent, and black, with pink
centres. Hind wing bright red ; the cilia ochreous.

Hob. Murree. Exp. 36 millim. Type in B. M.

SECT. III. Antennae bipectiuated, the branches long ; palpi
with the 3rd joint long and porrect.

1710. Bombycia frubida, n. sp.

c? . Antennas fulvous ; head, thorax, and abdomen greyish red.
Fore wing greyish red ; a large chestnut patch at end of cell
surrounding the indistinct reniform; some dark suffusion on
centre of inner margin ; an almost straight pale and chestnut
submarginal line. Hind wing reddish fuscous ; cilia of both
wings rufous. Underside with cell-spot and traces of a post-
medial line to both wings.

Hal. Sikhim, 10,000 feet (fflwes). Exp. 47 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

Genus EUPLEXIA.

Euplexia, Steph. Ill Brit. Ent., Haust. iii, p. 3 (1829).
Trachea, Hubn. Verz. p. 219 (1818), non descr.
Luperina, Boisd. Ind. Meth. p. 113 (1840).
Prospalta, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1114 (1857).
Triphajnopsis, Butt. A. M. N. H. (5) i, p. 163 (1878).
Chutapha, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 131 (1882).
Karana, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 106.
Chan data, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 113.
Eurabila, Butl. 111. Het. vii, p. 39 (1889).

Type, E. ludpara, Linn., from Europe.

208

Range. IS"earctic and Palsearctic regions; throughout India,
Ceylon, and Burma ; Fiji.

Eyes naked, with or without lashes ; proboscis fully formed ;
palpi upturned, the second joint not reaching vertex of head and
fringed with hair, the third prominent. Thorax with a slight
tuft of outspreading hair behind the collar and paired tufts on
metathorax. Abdomen with dorsal tufts on proximal segments ;
tibiae without spines. Fore wing with the cilia crenulate.

SECT. I. Antennae of male quite simple.

1711. Euplexia nubilata, n. sp.

J . Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with dark and grey-
brown scales. Fore«wing reddish brown ; tHe basal area as far as
the antemedial line and the area between the medial and sub-
marginal lines clouded with glossy fuscous ; double subbasal,
antemedial, medial, and postmedial, and single submarginal lines,
the first three waved, the two latter lunulate ; orbicular round,
with dark centre; reniform a dark lunule. Hind wing whitish,
with traces of fuscous postmedial and submarginal lines ; apical
area suffused with fuscous ; underside with prominent cell-spot
and postmedial line.

Nab. Sikhim, 6000 feet (Molkr). Exp. 46 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. Antennae ciliated in male.
A. Hind wing not yellow.

1712. Euplexia indistans, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 87 ; C. fy S. no. 1937.
Hadena inextricans, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1729.

Hadena distans, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 130 ; C. # S. no. 1935.

Pale reddish brown. Fore wing with indistinct, waved, double
subbasal, ante- and postmedial dark lines ; the orbicular and
reniform indistinct and often filled in with white ; a submarginal
series of lunules. Hind wing pale fuscous. Underside with the
basal half of both wings suffused with ferruginous in male.

Hob. ]S~.W. Himalayas, Bombay, and throughout S. India and
Ceylon. Exp. 34 millim.

1713. Euplexia niveiplaga, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 593 ; C. fy S. no. 1940.
Hadena confundens, Wlk. Cat. xi; p. 757.

Agrotis quadrisigna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 350; C. $ S.

no. 1998.
Agrotis placida, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 117, pi. iv, fig. 19 ; C. # S.

no. 1995.

Hadena siderifera, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 357 ; C. $ S. no. 1942.
Mamestra terranea, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 53, pi. 127, fig. 10.

EUPLEXIA. 209

Differs from indistans in having no ferruginous suffusion on the
underside of the male.

In the form confundens = quadrisigna there are no white specks
on the reniform, but usually a brick-red speck ; siderifera, ter-
ranea, and niveiplaga are darker red-brown, the first with white
specks on the outer edge of reniform, the second with a white spot
on it also, the third with the white spot only.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhitn ; Nilgiris. Exp. 36-52 millim.

1714. Euplexia adjuncta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 357 ; C. $ S.
no. 1931.

$ . Differs from niveiplaga in being greyer. Fore wing with a
waved black streak from the base below median nervure; the
antemedial line more obliquely waved, the postmedial more
excurved, a black streak between them through the claviform ;
the orbicular and reniform with grey and black outlines ; the sub-
marginal lunules more dentate.

Nab. Dalhousie. Exp. 52 millim.

1715. Euplexia flavistigma, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 50 ; C. % S

no. 2053.

Apamea obliquiorbis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 109 ; C. fy S. no. 2058.
Hadena constellata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 130, pi. 4, fig. 21 ; C. 8f S.

no. 1934.

Differs from niveiplaga in the head, thorax, and abdomen being
pale brown ; the basal half of the fore wing very dark red-brown,
the outer half pale red-brown ; orbicular brick-red ; reniform
ochreous, without white specks, and with some brick-red suffusion
between it and the postmedial line, which is incurved to lower
angle of cell ; the subrnarginal line pale and irregularly dentate.
Hind wing with the cilia ochreous.

The form constellata has one white spot on the antemedial line
of the fore wing, a white blotch on the reniform surrounded by a
few specks, and a series of white specks on the postmedial line ;
other specimens have only the white blotch on the reniform.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 40-52 millim.

1716. Euplexia opposita, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 667 ; Hmpsn. Ill Het.
ix, pi. 162, tig. 12 ; C.% S. no. 2078.

Differs from niveiplaga in being very dark red-brown or black-
brown. Fore wing with the orbicular and reniform stigmata large,
the latter with an ochreous or brick-red lunule on it ; a series of
submarginal black dashes with ochreous specks on them ; a mar-
ginal series of black and ochreous specks. Hind wing whitish,
suffused with fuscous brown towards outer margin.

Hab. Aden ; Simla ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Krp. 40 millim.
YOL. n. P

210

1717. Euplexia sodalis, Lutl A. M. N. H. (5) i, p. 83 ; id. Ill Het. ii,

pi. 29, fig. 2.

Apamea basalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 346 ; C. $ S. no. 2049.
Apamea denticulosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 109. pi. 4, fig. 13 ;

C. $ S. no. 2052.
Apamea strigidisca, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881. p. 346, pi. 38. fig. 9 :

C. $ S. no. 2062.

Differs from niveiplaga in being redder ; the double lines of the
fore wing less distinct ; the postmedial line recurved to lower
angle of cell ; the orbicular and reniform paler, the latter without
white spots on it ; the claviform smaller ; the submarginal Hue
irregularly waved with dark patches beyond it below the apex and
at outer angle.

A variety has the basal inner area of fore wing suffused with
greyish white as far as the antemedial line ; the area between the
postmedial and submarginal lines greyish white from the inner
margin to near costa, where it is bent outwards to apex ; reniform
with a large white patch on it ; the form basalis has the patagia
and basal half of fore wing suffused with purplish black ; strigi-
disca has black streaks at base of fore wing on median nervure,
vein 1 and inner margin, and a black streak crossing the sub-
marginal line at centre.

Hab. Japan; Dharrusala; Simla; Sikhim. Exp* 42-46 millim.

1718. Euplexia lignea, Butl. Ill Het. vii, p. 40, pi. 128, fig. 6.

Head grey ; thorax vinous, with an ochreous streak on vertex ;
abdomen ochreous. Fore wing ochreous suffused with chestnut ;
the costa greyish ; double waved subbasal, antemedial, postmedial,
and submargmal lines ; the orbicular and reniform narrow, with
deep chestnut edges and pale chestnut centres; the claviform
chestnut ; a series of black specks on the veins beyond the post-
medial line ; a blackish patch on the outer margin below the apex
and at outer angle. Hind wing ochreous, slightly suffused with
fuscous.

Hab. Dharmsala ; Sultanpur. Exp. 46 millim.

1719. Euplexia albiflexura, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 726 ; C. fy 8. no. 2067.

S . Differs from niveiplaga in having the subbasal, ante- and
postmedial lines less waved and paler : the orbicular and reniform
stigmata narrower, the former oblique, the latter with white specks
beyond it on the discocellulars ; the claviform indistinct and narrow ;
the submarginal line whitish, dentate below the costa and with
three prominent black streaks on it at centre.

Hab. " India." Exp. 38 millim.

1720. Euplexia didyma, Esp. Schmett. Eur. ii. pt. iv, p. 378, pi. 126

(Noct. 47), fig. 7.

Noctua laucea, Esp. t. c. pi. 174, fig. 3.
Noctua nictitans, Esp. t. c. pi. 126, fig. 6 (nee Linn.}.

ETJPLEXIA. 211

Noctua leucostigma, Esp, t. c. pi. 159, fig. 7.

Apamea moderata, Ev. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xvi, 1843, p. 547.

Apamea oculea, Butl. (nee Linn. ), III. Het. vii, p. 9.

Differs from indistans in the fore wing having the inner area
and that between the postmedial and submarginal lines usually
paler ; the orbicular and reniform smaller, the latter often spotted
with white ; a dark postmedial series of specks on the nervules ; a
waved instead of lunulate submarginal line.

Hab. Europe ; Dharmsala. Exp. 32 millim.

1721. Euplexia conducta, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 296.

Perigea centralis, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 734; Moore, Lev. Ceyl. iii

pi. 147, figs. 2, 2a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2099.
Perigea illecta, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 684.
Perigea. inexacta, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 682.
Perigea galaxia, Butl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 159 j C. fy S. no. 2100.
Perigea canorufa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 683.
Celama serva, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1089.
Hadena leouina, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 735.
Hadena pauperata, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1727.
Hadena funesta, Wlk. Cat xxxiii, p. 740.
Hadena spargens, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 739 ; C. fy S. no. 1943.
Hadena taprobanae, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 110, fig. 3.
Perigea apameoides, C. fy S. no. 2098 (nee Guen.).
Mamestra dolorosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 667 ; C. $ S. no. 2074.

Fuscous brown. Fore wing with the subbasal, ante-, post-
medial, and submarginal lines indistinct ; the orbicular and reniform
indistinct, the latter edged with white specks ; some white specks
on costa towards apex, and a series on outer margin. Hind wing
slightly paler at base ; the cilia pale. Underside with an obscure
postmedial line.

The form dolorosa is smoky black, with the thoracic tufts some-
times brown ; the lines of fore wing reduced to specks ; the white
spots on reniform more developed. Hind wing whitish, with
broad fuscous margin.

Larva smooth, pale green, with the anal somite conical ; dorsal
and lateral series of purple-brown blotches speckled with white ; a
sublateral series of white dots. Food-plant, Acanthads.

Pupa greenish with reddish somital bands.

Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Andamans; Fiji.
Exp. 36-38 millim.

1722. Euplexia albomaculata, Moore. P.Z.S. 1867, p. 62; C. & S.

no. 2083.
Prospalta stellata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. Ill ; C. $ S. no. 2085.

Differs from conducta in being cupreous brown ; the tuft on
metathorax white. Fore wing with the subbasal and antemedial
lines whitish ; the reniform, the specks on costa. the marginal and

212

cilial specks pure white. Hind wing cupreous fuscous, the cilia
whitish.

In the form stellata the tuft behind the collar is tinged with
white ; fore wing with clusters of white spots at base, round the
orbicular, which is white, and round the reniform ; series of white
ante- and postmedial, subinarginal, marginal, and cilial specks ;
some white on inner margin near base.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 33-42 millim.

1723. Euplexia leucospila, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1114 ; C.fyS. no. 2084.

c? . Differs from the form stellata of albomaculata in the palpi
having the 2nd and 3rd joints white-tipped ; the orbicular with-
out white specks round it ; the reniform circular, with six specks
round it ; the postmedial series more curved. Hind wing with a
cilial series of white specks.

The Tenasserim specimen is very much smaller than the typical
orm.
Hab. Sikhim ; Tenasserim. Exp. 26-42 millim.

1724. Euplexia albirena, Moore. P. Z. S. 1867. p. 53 ; C. & S.

no. 2068.

d . Differs from conducta in being rust-red. Pore wing more
produced and acute at apex ; the reniform with some white on its
outer edge and a prominent white spot on its lower extremity.
Hind wing dark brown ; underside with cell-spot and postmedial
line.

Hab. Sikhim; Calcutta. Exp. 46 millim.

1725. Euplexia SUDCUrva, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 592; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 145, fig. 8 ; C. Sf S. no. 2043.
Hadena postica, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 594.

Dark red-brown. Fore wing narrow ; the subbasal, ante- and
postmedial double lines very indistinct, the last incurved at vein 4 ;
the submarginal line indistinctly lunulate, with some dark dashes
on it at centre ; the orbicular, reniform, and claviform indistinct.
Some specimens have a black patch on the lobe of inner margin,
and the lower part of the double postmedial lines filled in with
black. Hind wing brownish fuscous ; the basal area pale ; under-
side whitish, with prominent cell-spot and broad marginal band.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 34 millim.

1726. Euplexia semifascia, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 737 ; Hmpsn. III.

Het. viii, pi. 143, fig. 11 ; C. $ 8. no. 19(51.
Euplexia cuprea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 578; C. fy S. no. 1957.

Dark red-brown. Fore wing with the subbasal, ante- and post-
medial double waved lines oblique, the two latter approaching each

EUPLEXIA. 213

other at inner margin and with the area between them dark, a dark
patch beyond the first above inner margin ; the orbicular large,

Fig. 126.— Euplexia semifascia, tf. }.

indistinct, and fuscous; the reniform large, whitish, ill-defined,
and with dark centre ; an indistinct waved submarginal line, slightly
angled below the costa. Abdomen and hind wing fuscous, the
latter with slight pale and dark marks on vein 2.

Closely allied to E. lucipara, Linn., from Europe.

Hal. N.W. Himalayas ; Satara ; Mlgiris. Exp. 38 millim.

1727. Euplexia metallica, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 666 ; C.$S. no. 2076.

Differs from semifascia in being brighter red-brown ; abdomen
tinged with ochreous. Fore wing suffused with purple ; a rufous
line on inner margin ; the ante- and postmedial lines further apart
at inner margin, the former more waved, the latter more curved ;
the submarginal line more prominent. Hind wing with the cilia
white-tipped.

In one specimen the palpi are whitish in front ; the ante- and
postmedial lines straighter.

IJab. Sikhim ; Bombay. Exp. 45 millim.

1728. Euplexia discisignata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 57, pi. 6, fig. 9;

C. # S. no. 1958.
Euplexia striatovirens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 58 ; C.$ S. no. 1962.

Differs from semifascia in the base of the fore wing being
yellowish green ; the antemedial line yellow-green and evenly
curved ; the inner area between it and the postmedial line yellow-
green. Hind wing with the inner area whitish ; cilia of both
wings rufous.

In discisicpiata the basal and postmedial areas of the fore wing
are pale, and black marks come out strongly before the orbicular
and between it and the reuiform ; in striatovirens the basal and
postmedial areas are brown, the latter with an ill-defined pale
band from costa before apex to vein 5, and no black marks round
the stigmata.

Hab. Sikhim. Kvp. 35 millim.

1729. Euplexia albiplaga.

Euplexia albonuta, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 92, pi. 161, fig. 14
(praeocc.).

214 FOCTUID^E.

d1 . Differs from semifascia in the head and thorax being black
and pale brown ; the abdomen fuscous. Fore wing with the
ground-colour black ; the reniform very prominent and white ; the
area between the postmedial and submarginal lines whitish ; a
series of white marginal points. Hind wing smoky black, with
black and white marks on vein 2, and the cilia whitish.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 40 millim.

1730. Euplexia chalybeata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 64; C. $ S.

no. 2271.

c? . Dark red-brown. Fore wing irrorated with purplish scales ;
the subbasal, antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal waved lines
purplish and somewhat indistinct ; the orbicular and reniform in-
distinct, the latter with some ochreous round its upper portion ; a
series of purplish marks on outer margin. Hind wing reddish
fuscous, with some indistinct marginal purplish marks. Under-
side with a broad marginal purplish band.

Hab. Sikhitn. Exp. 62 millim.

1731. Euplexia stoliczkae, Feld. Eeis. Nov. pi. 109, fig. 32 ; C. $ S.

no. 2080.

Head and thorax brown, suffused with olive-green ; abdomen
fuscous. Fore wing violaceous grey-brown, suffused with olive-
green ; the subbasal, ante- and postmedial double waved lines in-
distinct ; the stigmata large and indistinct ; the submarginal waved
Line indistinct ; three pale specks on costa towards apex ; a
marginal series of lunules. Hind wing dark fuscous; the bases
of cilia ochreous ; underside with cell-spot and irregularly waved
postmedial line.

Hab. Dalhousie ; Thandiani, Punjab. Exp. 52 millim.

1732. Euplexia melanospila, KoU. HugeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 480.
Eurois auriplena, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 557 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 148, fig. 2 ; C. 8f S. no. 1925.
Trachea atriplicis, Koll. (nee Linn.} HiigeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 479.

Head and thorax olive-green and dark red-brown ; antenna?
rufous in male. Fore wing dark green, suffused with dark brown,
and with purplish grey on the double lines and before the sub-
marginal line ; some specimens with golden-green marks near base,
round the stigmata, and on submarginal Hue ; subbasal, ante- and
postmedial waved black lines, the two latter approaching each other
towards inner margin ; orbicular and reniform green, with more or
less pronounced dark centres ; claviform replaced by a quadrate
white mark of varying size and shape, and often extending up into
the cell ; the submarginal line indistinct, irregularly waved, and
black, becoming white near inner margin. Hind wing with the
basal half white or suffused with fuscous : the outer half fuscous
black.

Hab. Throughout India and Ceylon. Exp. 58 millim.

EUPLEXIA. 215

1733. Euplexia aurigera, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1721 ; C. $ 8. no. 1946.
Hadena megastigma, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 738 ; C. fy S. no. 1947.
Berrhcea olivacea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 357 ; C. % S. no. 1948.

Differs from melanospila in the thoracic crests being red-brown ;
the orbicular and renit'orm being joined by a bar on median nervure
and with a smaller white spot below them ; the postmedial band
red-brown.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 42-50 millim.

1734. Euplexia albinota, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 58; C. $ S.
no. 1945.

Differs from aurigera in having no red-brown tints. Fore wing
with blue-grey scales on the transverse lines ; the submarginal line
much more regular ; the marginal black spots absent.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 34 millim.

1735. Euplexia auroviridis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 59, pi. 6, fig. 11 ;

C. 8f S. no. 1949.

Diantkcecia nivescens, Butl. 111. Het. vii, p. 58, pi. 128, fig. 2.
Hadena albidisca, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 59, pi. 6, fig. 17 ;

C. 8f S. no. 1932.

Head and thorax chestnut, with a greenish tinge ; palpi black
at sides ; abdomen fuscous, the dorsal tufts chestnut. Fore wing
sap-green, suffused with black, especially on basal inner area and
medial and marginal areas ; the subbasal, ante- and postmedial,
and submarginal black lines edged with white, lunulate and
dentate ; a marginal series of white and black lunules ; the orbi-
cular, reniform, and claviform defined by small white lunules on
their edges ; in the form albidisca — nivescens a large pure white
patch occupies the reniform and extends to the claviform. Hind
wing fuscous, with traces of a cell-spot and postmedial line, which
are prominent on underside.

A form from the JSTagas has the green mostly replaced by golden
yellow. Fore wing with the area between the subbasal and ante-
medial lines whitish ; the patch of white on disk very large and
defined below by black ; more white on outer margin.

Hab. Dharmsala ; Bengal ; Nagas ; Nilgiris. Exp. 32-34 millim.

1736. Euplexia literata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 124 ; C. 8f S. no. 1952.

cJ. Differs from auroviridis in the orbicular and reniform
stigmata being quadrate, and forming, with a band in the interno-
mediaii interspace, a prominent Y-shaped green mark ; the double
lines filled in with green ; the postmedial line straighter, more
erect, and less lunulate.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 32 millim.

216 FOCTUIILE.

1737. Euplexia calamistrata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 124, pi. 4, tig. 23;
C. $ S. no. 1950.

3 . Head and thorax white, with a few brown and black scales ;
abdomen pale fuscous brown ; dorsal tufts tipped with black.
Fore wing pale olive ; traces of a double subbasal line, with black
patches beyond it below median nervure ; the antemedial line
white and diffused ; the orbicular, reniform, and claviform white
with black outline ; the postmedial line indistinct, excurved beyond
cell, and white towards inner margin ; an indistinct white sub-
marginal line with black suffusion on it. Hind wing pale fuscous ;
underside with cell-spot and postmedial hue; a marginal pale
band to both wings.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 36 millim.

1738. Euplexia aurantiaca, n. sp.

Differs from auroviridis in the head, thorax, and fore wing
being golden-brown instead of green ; the last with the silvery-
white lines more prominent ; two antemedial lines, the first dentate,
the second waved ; the postmedial line more crenulate, the suffused
areas deeper golden-brown instead of black.

Hal. Sikhim 8000 feet (Mb'Uer). Exp. 34 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

1739. Euplexia stellifera, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 123 ; C. $ S. no. 1954.

<$ . Head, thorax, and fore wing brownish ochreous, which
has probably been olive-green in the fresh state, irrorated with
black scales ; abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wing with the sub-
basnl, antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal lines single and
consisting of disconnected white strigse ; a white line on the
discocellulars ; ill-defined antemedial, medial, postmedial, and
submarginal broken and diffused black bands ; a marginal series
of black lunules. Hind wing dark fuscous ; underside fuscous,
with indistinct postmedial line to both wings.

Hal). Sikhim. Exp. 44 millim.

1740. Euplexia lagenifera, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 114 ; C.&S. no. 2094.

<5. Head, thorax, and abdomen bright chestnut; collar with
grey lines, and tegulae grey fringed with chestnut. Fore wdng
pale pinkish chestnut ; a double subbasal line ; a slightly sinuous
antemedial double line filled in with ochreous ; a similar post-
medial line dentate below the costa, excurved round end of cell and
approaching the antemedial line towards inner margin, the area
between the two lines bright chestnut ; the orbicular a diffused
pinkish patch joined to the costa and to the lower part of reniform ,
which has a dark centre ; a submarginal dentate indistinct line

BUPLEXIA. 217

with a black spot on it below the costa. Hind wing fuscous, the
costa and outer margin reddish. Underside reddish ochreous, with
black cell-spot and postmedial line to each wing.
Hob. ISikhim. Exp. 36 millim.

1741. Euplexia plumbeola, n. sp.

<$ . Head and thorax slaty blue-grey ; abdomen fuscous. Fore
wing blue-grey ; the area between the subbasal and antemedial
lines ochreous ; reniform white and ochreous ; the postmedial line
treble and excurved beyond the cell ; an irregular submarginal
yellow-brown line or band. Hind wing pale fuscous or whitish,
with the outer area grey ; some dark suffusion on vein 2, and a
white submarginal waved line from vein 4 to anal angle. Under-
side of fore wing with a black lunule at end of cell on a black-
speckled white patch ; hind wing white and black-speckled, with a
black cell-spot and waved postmedial line.

Hob. JSikhim (Moller). Exp. 44 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

1742. Euplexia gemmifera, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 934; C. $ 8. no. 1963.
Karana similis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 407 ; Butl. III. Ret. vii,

pi. 128, fig-. 8.
Karana decorata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 107 ; C. $ S. no. 1772.

Head and thorax clothed with black and white scales ; collar
and tegulae with some metallic blue-green scales ; abdomen dark
brown. Fore wing black, with streaks of blue-green scales on
costa, median nervure, interno-median interspace, and inner
margin ; the subbasal and antemedial double lines filled in with
white, the latter sending a tooth towards base in interno-median
interspace ; the orbicular small and pure white ; reniform quadrate,
white with two black spots on it, and with white marks on the
costa above it ; claviform a white lunule ; a submarginal series of
black spots edged by metallic blue-green lunules, with some ferru-
ginous beyond them. Hind wing white, the costal and outer areas
suffused with fuscous ; a faint postmedial line.

The form similis has the markings of the fore wing silvery
white instead of creamy and the claviform small ; decorata has
the whole hind wing black except the white points and a patch
towards anal angle, on the cilia.

Hob. Dharmsiila ; Sikhim ; Poona ; Nilgiris. Exp. 40 millim.

1743. Euplexia albovittata, Moore, P. Z. S. ]867, p. 57, pi. 0, fig. 10 ;

C. $ S. no. 1956.

Euplexia sinuata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 125, pi. 4, fig. 25 ; C. $ S.
no. I960.

Head and thorax black ; tips of palpi and basal tufts of antennae
white ; the tuft on metathorax white, with rufous edges ; abdomen
black, whitish at base. Fore wing with the basal urea black-

218 NOCTUIDJE.

brown, its edge oblique and toothed near inner margin ; a broad
irregular white band, narrow at costa ; a broad medial dark band,
with the costal half blue-black, the orbicular and renit'orm being
slightly indicated by white lines, its inner half red-brown and its
inner and outer edges angled in interno-median interspace ; the
outer area white, irrorated with fuscous, with traces of a rufous
postmedial band from costa to vein 5; a broad marginal blue-
black band from costa to vein 2, its lower part with traces of
dentate pale marks. Hind wing fuscous, the basal and inner
areas whitish ; some white and black marks on vein 2 towards
outer margin. Underside of fore wing with a prominent white
cell-spot.

The Japanese form has more reddish suffusion on fore wing,
and sinuata from Sikhim has the white markings very much
reduced.

Hob. Japan ; Sikhim. Exp. 44 millim.

1744. Euplexia distorta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881. p. 354, pi. 38. %. 18 ;

C. $ S. no. 1959.

Head black, the extremity of palpi and basal joint of antennae
white ; collar black, broadly fringed with white ; thorax black, with
broad white stripes on vertex and patagia ; abdomen fuscous black,
whitish at base ; legs black and white. Tore wing white, with
broad irregular basal and subbasal black bands, conjoined at inner
margin ; a large triangular black patch on centre of costa ; a very
irregular black band from the lower angle of cell to inner margin ;
a spot beyond the cell ; a triangular patch on the costa before
apex ; an irregular submarginal band, not reaching the costa or
inner margin, with its outer edge dentate. Hind wing white, with
an apical black patch continued towards anal angle as a series of
conjoined spots.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 36 millim.

B. Hind wincj yelloiv.
a. Palpi with the 3rd joint reaching vertex of head.

1745. Euplexia inepta, Butl. III Het. vii, p. 55, pi. 127, figs. 6, 7.

Dark brown ; abdomen ochreous at extremity. Tore wing with
the subbasal and antemedial double waved lines indistinct ; the
orbicular indistinct, with black outline ; the renit'orm ochreous-
brown ; the claviform and postmedial and submarginal lines
indistinct, the second excurved beyond the cell. Hind wing pale
yellow ; the basal area and area below median uervure suffused
with fuscous ; an indistinct postmedial line ; a broad fuscous
marginal band.

Some specimens have the thorax and outer area of fore wing
pale, the renit'orm white.

Hob. Dharmsala. Exp. 46 millim.

EUPLEXIA. 219

1746. Enplexia diminuta, Butt. III. Het. vii, p. 55, pi. 127, figs. 8, 9.

Differs from inepta in the hind wing having the discocellulars
dark and no postmedial line.

Uab. Dharmsala. Exp. 34-38 millim.

1747. Euplexia indica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 344 ; C. $ S. no. 2048.

Differs from inepta in the fore wing having the outer half not
paler ; the postmedial line not lunulate ; the submarginal line
straighter. Hind wing with the basal area not suffused; the
marginal band not broader at apex.

Hah. Mussooree. Exp. 45 millim.

1748. Euplexia confecta, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1705; C. # S. no. 2028.
Agrotis hyblgea, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 108, fig. 43 ; C. $ S. no. 1980.
Eiiochrcea curtipalpis, Butl III. Het. vii, p. 74, pi. 131, figs. 7, 8.

Head and thorax dark olive-brown ; abdomen black-brown, the
segments ringed with yellow. Fore wing olive-brown ; the sub-
basal, ante- and postmedial double waved lines, and single submar-
ginal line indistinct ; the orbicular almost obsolete ; the reniform
with the lower part outlined with black and often filled in with
white ; some black marks on the submarginal line between the
costa and vein 3. Hind wing orange-yellow, a large blackish patch
on basal area and below median nervure ; a broad, very irregular,
black marginal band expanding at apex ; cilia yellow except at
middle.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 42-52 millim.

b. Palpi with the 3rd joint long and reaching far above vertex
of head.

1749. Euplexia pulcherrima, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 54, pi. 6, fig. 3 ;

C. $ S. no. 2030.
Epilecta opulenta, Butl P. Z. S. 1883, p. 160 ; C. 8f S. no. 2029.

Differs from confecta in having yellowish-green or green suffusion
on the thorax and on the transverse lines of fore wing and reni-
form ; the median inner area often suffused with black ; one
specimen has the orbicular, reniform, and postmedial area grey,
with no green suffusion.

Hab. KW. Himalayas; Sikhirn; Nilgiris. Exp. 52 millim.

SECT. III. Antennae fasciculated in male.
A. Fore iving ivith the apex not produced.

1750. Euplexia atrovirens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 58; C. $ S. no. 1933.
Head and thorax green and brown ; palpi dark at sides ; abdo-

220 NOCTUID.E.

men fuscous brown. Tore wing green suffused with brown,
especially on medial area and near base of inner margin; the
subbasal, ante- and postmedial double waved lines fairly prominent ;
the orbicular and reniform green and subquadrate ; claviform
black ; a waved black line from reniform to inner margin ; the
submarginal line pale, with a chestnut band before it and some
dark marks on it below apex ; a lunulate marginal black line ; cilia
black at emarginations. Hind wing brownish fuscous, with
indistinct postmedial and submarginal pale bands.
Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 40 rnillim.

1751. Euplexia pardaria, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 114, pi. 4, fig. 12;

C. # S. no. 2096.
Luperina olivascens, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 114 ; C. fy S. no. 2095.

2 • Differs from atrovirens in being more ochreous (probably
from fading), the orbicular and reniform more rounded ; the post-
medial line more irregularly lunulate ; no rufous before the sub-
marginal line, which is broader and more lunulate. Hind wing
dark brown without markings. Underside pinkish ; both wings
with a large dark lunule at end of cell ; hind wing with a post-
medial line.

Hob. Sikhim. Ex p. 38 millim.

1752. Euplexia venosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 124; C. $ S. no. 1955.

<5 . Head and thorax olive-green, with a few rufous and black
scales ; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing olive-green suffused with
rufous ; the subbasal, ante- and postrnedial waved lines with
patches of deep black on their edges ; the orbicular and reniform
quadrate and joined to a band below the cell, so as to form an
indistinct Y-shaped mark with a black V in its arras ; a black sub-
marginal mark below the apex ; some pale costal specks towards
apex ; the veins greyish. Hind wing dark fuscous, the cilia
whitish ; underside suffused with grey ; a black streak from the
base in the cell ; a cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 30 millim.

*1753. Euplexia? confluens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 354, pi. 38,
fig. 20 ; C. fy S. no. 1951.

c? . Dark purplish brown. Tore wing wTith ochreous black-
edged sinuous subbasal and antemedial lines ; the orbicular and
reniform ochreous with brown centres and nearly conjoined on
median nervure ; claviform black ; bases of veins 2 and 3 pale ; a
waved postmedial ochreous black-edged line ; a pale brown-edged
submarginal line. Hind wing fuscous, palest at base ; an indis-
tinct postmedial line ; cilia ochreous.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 36 millim.

EUPLEXIA. 221

1754. Euplexia mucronata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 345, pi. 38, fig. 8 ;

C. fy S. no. 2056.

c? . Pale ochreous brown ; thorax and fore wing slightly tinged
with reddish. Fore wing with the subbasal and antemedial waved
black lines fairly prominent, the latter excurved ; the orbicular
and reniform pale and prominent ; claviform a slight black lunule ;
the postmedial double line minutely waved, oblique, and approach-
ing the antemedial line at inner margin ; the outer margin
irregularly dark, with a series of black lunules on it. Hind wing
dark fuscous ; underside pale, with cell-spot and waved postmedial
line.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 32 millim.

1755. Euplexia heterocampoides, n. sp.

Head and thorax white and black ; palpi and underside black ;
abdomen pale or dark fuscous. Fore wing white suffused with
olive-green ; the transverse lines white with black edges ; some
black suffusion beyond the subbasal line ; the antemedial line
angled and curved and with the inner black edge obsolete; the
postmedial line prominent and approaching the antemedial line at
inner margin, the area between them being suffused with black
and brown ; the orbicular and reniforin ill-defined, with dark
centres and broad olive borders ; the submarginal line obsolescent,
white, with three prominent dark dentitions below middle ; cilia
black, with white points. Hind wing pale fuscous, with an indis-
tinct white limulate submarginal band. Underside with a broad
marginal whitish band to fore wing.

Hob. Kulu ; Sikhim. Exp. 42 millirn. Type in B. M.

B. (Chutapha). Fore wing slightly more produced at apex.

1756. Euplexia costalis, Moore, Lep. Afk. p. 131 ; C. $ S. no. 1973.

c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing reddish ochreous, which has
probably been olive-green in the fresh state; abdomen pale
fuscous, with the dorsal tufts reddish. Fore wing with a pale
fascia below the costa ; a double subbasal waved black line ; an
antemedial straight erect line; orbicular and reniform pale and
conjoined to a pale patch below median nervure, with black lower
edge ; the postmedial double line indistinct and nearly straight ; a
submarginal irregularly waved pale line with diffused dark inner
edge. Hind wing pale fuscous ; a marginal whitish band with
dentate inner edge.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 42 millim.

222 NOCTFID^E.

SECT. IV. Antennae bipectinated in male, with very short
branches.

1757. Euplexia icamba, SwinJi. A.M. N. H. (6) xii, p. 260.

c? . Head and thorax black-brown with a reddish tinge ; abdo-
men dark fuscous, reddish towards extremity. Fore wing golden
green suffused with black, except before antemedial line and on
marginal area ; a subbasal waved black line ; an oblique ante-
medial dentate line with a stroiig tooth near inner margin, where it
almost joins the lunulate postmedial line ; orbicular and reniform
dark and ill-defined ; the submarginal line prominent and lunulate ;
cilia black at emarginations. Hind wing pale fuscous, with indistinct
diffused dark postmedial and submarginal lines; cilia black with
white points.

Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 46 milliin. Type in B. M.

1758. Euplexia cyanelinea, n. sp.

c? . Differs from icamba in the head, thorax, and abdomen being
pnle red-brown. Fore wing with the green area less suffused ; the
ante- and postmedial lines metallic blue-grey. Hind wing dark
fuscous ; cilia of both wings tipped with white.

Hab. Sikhim, 10,000 feet (Elwes). Exp. 45 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

SECT. Y. (Chandata). Antennae bipectinated in male,
the branches long.

1759. Euplexia pectinata, Warr. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 308; Hmpsn. III.

Het. viii, pi. 143, fig. 4.
Euplexia fasciata, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 77, pi. 145, fig. 20.

Differs from albovittata (p. 217) in the palpi and metathoracic tuft
being but slightly white ; the abdomen dark at base ; fore wing with
a black spot detached from the basal area ; the medial dark band
hardly angled at outer edge ; the postmedial band replaced by a
rufous spot beyond the cell ; the dentitions on the lower part of
the marginal band prominent. Hind wing arid underside black,
the former with the marks on vein 2, the latter with a white cell-
spot to each wing.

In the form fasciata from the Mlgiris there is a prominent
dark postmedial band from the cost a to vein 5 instead of the
rufous spot.

Hab. Dharmsala ; Kilgiris. Exp., J 40, $ 42 millim.

1760. Euplexia partita, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 114, pi. 4, fig. 16 ; C. # S.

no. 2093.

c? • Head white, black below ; collar white, fringed with black ;
thorax black, the patagia with white patches ; abdomen fuscous
black. Fore wing bluish white; two interrupted waved black

ETTPLEXIA. ANCAKA. 223

subbasal lines ; an interrupted antemedial line, expanding into a
spot below the median nervure ; a triangular black medial patch
on the costa, centred with blue-grey, and extending downwards
between the faint orbicular and reniform stigmata ; the postmedial
line interrupted and excurved round a black spot beyond the
reniform; the submarginal line almost obsolete, except towards
costa and inner margin, with some fuscous patches between it and
the postmedial line and a black spot beyond it near outer angle ;
a marginal black line ; cilia intersected with black. Hind wing
dark fuscous ; the cilia white in places.

Bab'. Sikhim, 10,000 feet. Eocp. 24 millim.

1761. Euplexia lageniformis, n. sp.

c? • Differs from lagenifera (p. 216) in having the collar and
patagia brown and the antennae with long branches.

Hob. Sikhim (Atkinson). Exp. 36 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

1762. Euplexia heterocampa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 115, pi. 4, fig. 15 ;

C. 8f S. no. 2097.

Exactly similar to keterocampoides (p. 221), but with long
branches to the antennae.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 42 millim.

Genus ANGARA.

Ancara, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1714 (1858).

Data, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 191 (1862).

Sydiva, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 95 (1882).

Type, A. replicans, Wlk., from Borneo.

Range. Himalayas ; S. India ; Ceylon ; Khasis ; Andamans ;
Borneo.

Differs from Euplexia in the second joint of palpi reaching
vertex of head ; the third joint long.

SECT. I. (Ancara}. Antennae bipectinated in both sexes ; the
branches long in male ; palpi with the 3rd joint obliquely
porrect; eyes without lashes.

1763. Ancara obliterans, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1715 ; Hmpsn. 111. Het.

viii, pi. 143, fig. 19.
Ancara punctiplaga, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 191.

Eed-brown ; abdomen fuscous, with the dorsal tufts red-brown.
Fore wing with the subbasal, antemedial, postmedial, and sub-
marginal lines very indistinct, the last with some dark streaks and
patches on it near middle; the stigmata indistinct; a lunulate
marginal line. Hind wing reddish fuscous.

224 JTOCTUID.E.

In the form punctiplaya there is a large ochreous patch beyond
the eel] of the fore winsr.

Fig. 127. — Ancara obliterans, $. \.
Hob. Mlgiris ; Ceylon ; Borneo. Exp. 53 millirn.

*1764. Ancara ? leucostigma, Moore. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 51 ; C. & S.
no. 2055.

Head, collar, and patagia chestnut; thorax and abdomen
ochreous grey. Fore wing chestnut; the inner margin pale ; sub-
basal, ante- and postmedial double waved lines, the last incurved
to lower angle of cell ; orbicular with dark outline ; reniform white
and quadrate; a black line between the stigmata, and another
outlining the claviforrn, which is represented by a dark patch ; a
submarginal dentate dark line; some dark suffusion on costa
before middle and on outer margin. Hind wing fuscous, pale at
base.

Hob. " Bengal." Exp. 54 millim.

SECT. II. (Sydiva}. Antennae minutely serrated in male, simple
in female ; palpi with the 3rd joint porrect ; eyes lashed.

1765. Ancara nigrogrisea, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 96 ; C. fy S. no. 1649.

Head and thorax black, grizzled with white ; abdomen fuscous,
with the dorsal tut'ts black ; legs ringed with white. Fore wing
black, thickly irrorated with white scales, and crossed by about
seven dentate black lines ; the stigmata indistinct ; a white speck
on reniform at lower angle of cell ; a submargiual series of black
dashes, with white specks on them ; cilia streaked with white.
Hind wing fuscous, with traces of a postmedial line ; cilia with a
series of white specks, and tipped with white.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 56 millim.

SECT. III. Antennae ciliated in male ; palpi with the 3rd joint
upturned ; eyes without lashes.

1766. Ancara harfordi, n. sp.

Head and thorax very dark red-brown ; abdomen fuscous, the

ANGARA. 225

dorsal tufts darker. Fore wing dark red-brown with a purplish
gloss; the double waved subbasal, ante- and postmedial lines
indistinct ; the stigmata with slight black outlines ; a white lunule
on reniform; some rufous streaks before the submarginal line,
which consists of a series of small lunulate marks; a marginal
series of small black lunules. Hind wing pale fuscous, with traces
of a medial line.

Hab. Simla (Harford). Exp. 52 millim. Type in B. M.

1767. Ancara rubra, n. sp.

c? . Head and thorax deep vinous red ; abdomen fuscous, with
ochreous anal tuft. Fore wing vinous red, with indistinct double
subbasal, ante- and postmedial double waved lines ; the orbicular
and reniform indistinct, the latter with a white lunule on its outer
edge ; the claviform a black lunule ; an irregularly sinuous sub-
marginal line, with three dark dashes on it at centre ; three white
specks on costa towards apex. Hind wing fuscous, the cilia
ochreous ; underside with cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hab. Sikhim (Matter). Exp. 44 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

1 768. Ancara thalpophiloides, Wlk. Joum. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 192.
Thalpophila cuprea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 604, pi. 59, tig. 10 ;

C. $ S. no. 2046.

Thalpophila delineata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 25, pi. 146, fig. 5 ;
C. 8f S. no. 2047.

Head and thorax red-brown ; abdomen yellow, the extremity
red-brown. Tore wing red-brown, the veins pale ; a waved sub-
basal line ; the ante- and postmedial waved lines forming, with the
orbicular and reniform, a broad Y-shaped band, of which the outer
arm is broad, with one or two white specks on it representing the
reniform; a submarginal dentate line, with some white on it
towards costa ; a marginal series of lunules. Hind wing lemon-
yellow, with broad marginal red-brown band slightly angled at
middle, and broader in the female than the male. Underside pale,
suffused and irrorated with red-brown ; both wings with a lunulate
postmedial line, highly lunulate and curved on hind wing, which
has a spot at end of cell.

The Ceylon form delineata has the ground-colour rather darker.

Hab. Ceylon ; Andamans ; Borneo. Exp. 38 milliin.

1769. Ancara calopistrioides, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 344; C. $ S.

no. 2045.

$ . Differs from tJialpopJiiloides in the ground-colour of the
fore wing being darker, the lines and veins white ; the apical half
of submarginal line very highly dentate.
llab. Kliasis. Exp. 40 millim.

VOL. II. Q

226

1770. Ancara glaucochlora, n. sp.

c? . Head and collar pale reddish ; thorax pale green ; abdomen
pale red, with large dorsal green tufts. Fore wing whitish, irro-
rated with fuscous ; the basal and medial areas pale silverj green ;
two indistinct subbasal lines, the outer excurved and nearly
joining the curved antemedial line at inner margin ; a diffused
medial oblique line ; very irregular dentate postmedial and sub-
marginal lines. Hind wing pale fuscous, yellowish at base ; an
indistinct cell-spot and whitish medial line. Underside dirty
ochreous, with three fuscous bands on each wing, the outer one
broad.

Hob. Sikhim (Knyvett). Exp. 48 millim. Type in coll. Knyvett.

Genus MAGUSA.

Magusa, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 762 (1857).
Sasunaga, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881. p. 342.

Type, M. strigifera, Wlk., from the Amazons.

liange. S. America ; India and Ceylon.

Differs from Euplexia in the third joint of palpi reaching above
vertex of head ; the dorsal tufts of abdomen slight ; fore wing very
long and narrow, the apex rounded, the outer margin oblique.

1771. Magusa tenebrosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 59; C. $ S.

no. 2044.

Dark and red-brown or black and grey. Fore wing with slight
streaks in the interspaces ; the transverse lines almost obsolete ;
the orbicular small, circular, and usually prominent ; reniform
almost obsolete ; a dark patch on costa before apex ; the apical

Fig. 128.: — Magusa tenebrosa,

and basal inner areas and the outer angle often grey or red-brown.
Hind wing fuscous brown.

Hab. Simla; Sikhim; Poona; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 36-42
millim.

EUROIS. 227

Genus EUROIS.

Eurois, Hilbn. Verz. p. 217 (1818).
Chiripha, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 200 (1856).
Ohecupa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 60.

Type, E. occulta, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Nearctic and Palaearctic regions ; throughout India and
Ceylon ; Assam Hills.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully developed ; palpi
upturned, reaching vertex of head, and smoothly scaled ; thorax
with a small furrowed tuft behind collar and a pair of tufts on
rnetathorax ; abdomen without tufts, the dorsal part of proximal
segments clothed with coarse hair; tibiae without spines; fore
wing with the cilia crenulate. .

SECT. I. Antennae of male fasciculate.
A. Fore wing short and broad.

1772. Eurois retrahens, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 757 ; Hmpsn. III. Het ix

pi. 162, fig. 6 ; C.$8. no. 2145.

£ . Head and thorax dark red-brown ; abdomen fuscous. Fore
wing dark red-brown; subbasal and antemedial oblique, slightly
waved double lines filled in with white ; the orbicular and reniform
with whitish outline and dark centre ; a postmedial double line
filled in with white, acutely angled beyond the cell, and slightly
waved from the angle to inner margin, where it nearly meets the
antemedial line; a pale streak on inner margin; an irregularly
waved obsolescent submarginal pale line ; a marginal lunulate
black line. Hind wing dark fuscous, the bases of cilia ochreous ;
underside with a cell- spot and postmedial line.

Hob. Sikhim ; Ceylon. Exp. 40 millim.

1773. Eurois luteifrons, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 751 ; C. $ S. no. 1953.

Differs from retrahens in the head being ochreous ; the abdomen
tinged with ochreous. Fore wing with the postmedial line curved
instead of angled beyond the cell, and with ochreous and chestnut
beyond it ; the submarginal line reduced to a series of pale specks
on dark lunules. Hind wing with the basal area tinged with
ochreous ; traces of a postmedial line.

Hab. Kashmir; Khasis. Exp. 88 millim.

1774. Eurois decorata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. Ill, pi. 4, fig. 8 ; C. $ S.

no. 2073.

Head and thorax dark red-brown, irrorated with grey ; abdomen
reddish ochreous. Fore wing dark red-brown, irrorated with grey ;
the subbasal and antemedial double waved dark lines oblique; the
orbicular and reniform conjoined on median nervure, aud with

228 NOCTtJID^E.

slight ochreous outlines, the latter with a red lunule on it, the
area surrounding them in and beyond the cell darker ; the sub-
marginal line dentate ; a series of marginal lunules. Hind wing
ochreous fuscous ; underside with an indistinct cell-spot and post-
medial line.

Hob. Sikhim. Eccp. 42 millim.

1775. Eurois separata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 107 : C. $ S. no. 2146.

c? . Differs from luteifrons in the fore wing being fuscous ; the
antemedial line with three angles in it and more erect ; the
orbicular and reniform larger and better defined ; a submarginal
irregularly sinuous line without rufous on its inner edge. Hind
wing with a greyish marginal band ; underside with indistinct
postmedial and submarginal lines to each wing.
Hob. Sikhim. Eccp. 40 millim.

1776. Eurois simulata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 343, pi. 38, fig. 1 ;

C. # S. no. 2148.

Differs from separata in the markings of the fore wing being
reddish instead of whitish. Hind wing with a dark line through
the cilia. Underside with the pale marginal band to both wings
more prominent.

Hob. Sikhim. Eocp. 46 millim.

1777. Eurois albicostata, n. sp.

Head and collar whitish ; thorax and abdomen fuscous. Fore
wing reddish brown, suffused with purplish fuscous, with a broad
costal whitish fascia, on which are some black specks towards
apex; the orbicular oblique, whitish, joined to the fuscous reni-
form and continued as an oblique streak to vein 1 ; a V-shaped
black mark between the orbicular and reniform ; beyond the reni-
form is a pale reddish shade merging into the whitish costal fascia ;
faint traces of the usual double waved lines ; a marginal series of
black and white specks. Hind wing pale fuscous ; underside with
cell-spot and crenulate postmedial line.

One female has the whole thorax whitish ; the costal fascia
purplish grey, without black spscks towards apex ; the reniform
indistinct.

Hob. Simla (Harford). Eccp. 28 millim. Type in B. M.

1778. Eurois lubrica, Butl. III Het. vii. p. 60, pi. 128, fig. 9.

Head and thorax black, irrorated with grey scales ; abdomen
pale fuscous. Fore wing fuscous black, irrorated with grey scales ;
a pale basal patch on costal area; the subbasal and antemedial
double-waved black lines indistinct; the orbicular and reniform
very large and grey, with a large quadrate whitish patch below
them, having a black streak on its lower edge ; the postmedial
line indistinct, slightly lunulate and curved; the submarginal

EUROIS. 229

irregularly- waved line whitish ; cilia with the bases white, the tips
dark.

Hob. Dharinsala. Exp. 46 millim.

1779. Eurois griseimarginata, n. sp.

$ . Fuscous black. Fore wing with the double subbasal, ante-
and postmedial and single waved submarginal line indistinct ; the
orbicular and reniform indistinct ; a marginal series of pale specks.
Underside with a postmedial line ; a grey marginal band to both
wings, broad on fore wing.

Hob. Dalhousie (Harford). Exp. 46 millim. Type in B. M.

1780. Eurois leucosticta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 129, pi. 4, fig. 22;

C. 8f S. no. 1976.

c? . Head and thorax dark olive, variegated with white ; abdomen
fuscous, the terminal half tinged with pink. Fore wing olive,
much variegated with white, especially between the waved black
sub-basal and antemedial oblique lines and between the obliquely
lunulate postmedial and ill-defined irregular submarginal line;
the orbicular and reniform white, with olive centres ; a large white
patch on median nervure below the orbicular ; a marginal series of
black specks. Hind wing fuscous; the underside tinged with
pink, and with conspicuous cell- spot and postmedial line.

Hab. Wikhim, 10,000 feet. Exp. 32 millim.

1781. Eurois flavipicta, n. sp.

$ . Head and thorax clothed with brown, red-brown, and yellow
hair; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing grey-brown, suffused in parts
with pale chestnut ; some yellow patches on the basal area ; a
black streak from the base above vein 1 ; the ante- and postmedial
lines yellow, rather close together below the cell, and the area
between them blackish, with the large orange-centred yellow
orbicular on it ; the reniform barely traceable ; the submarginal
sinuous line yellow. Hind wing dark fuscous; underside with
cell -spot and postmedial line.

Hab. Sikhirn, 10,000 feet (Matter). Exp. 32 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

B. (Checupa). Fore wing long and narrow.

1782. Eurois fortissima, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 60, pi. 6, fig. 5;

C. $ S. no. 197i\

J. Head and thorax golden green and brown. Fore wing
golden green ; a brown patch at base, bounded by the double-
waved subbasal line ; abroad brown antemedial baud crossed by
the double lines, filled in with green ; the orbicular and reniform
green with diffused dark centres, and a brown patch between
them ; a brown patch beyond the cell, bounded by the double

230 NOCTUIDJE.

lunulate postmedial lines, which are much incurved below end of
cell ; a series of submarginal white points with dark lunules before
them and marginal specks beyond them. Abdomen and hind wing
dark brown ; underside with cell-spot and irregularly waved line ;
both wings with a series of marginal spots.
Hab. Sikhirn. Exp. 58 millim.

SECT. II. Antennae of male bipectinate, the branches short.

1783. Enrols chalybeata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 665 ; C. # S. no. 2071.
Mamestra suifusa, Moore, P. Z. S. 18(57, p. 52 ; C. $ S. no. 2081.

cJ . Head and thorax dark red-brown with a ferruginous tinge ;
abdomen darker. Pore wing ferruginous red; the subbasal and
antemedial double waved lines indistinct ; the orbicular, reniform,
and claviform with dark outline, the reniform with a fulvous or
rarely white spot on its outer edge ; the curved postmedial double

Fig. 129. — Eurois chalybeata, $ . |.

line lunulate; the submarginal irregularly waved line with pale
outer edge ; a lunulate marginal dark line ; three pale specks
on costa towards apex. Hind wing fuscous brown ; cilia with an
ochreous line through them ; underside with cell-spot and post-
medial line.

$ . Duller and less ferruginous ; fore wing with the apex more
produced and outer margin more oblique ; one specimen with the
margin ochreous.

Bab. Kulu ; Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp., <$ 48, $ 58 millim.

SECT. III. Antennae of male minutely ciliated.
1784. Eurois involuta, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 201 ; C. $ S. no. 2141.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish with a fuscous tinge ;
palpi blackish at sides. Eore wing black, with the costal area and
veins whitish ; three subbasal white streaks (one oblique below
costa, one angled below the cell, the third curved above inner
margin) ; two postmedial streaks (one curved beyond lower angle
of cell, the other angled below vein 2) ; a highly dentate inter-
rupted submarginal white line ; a white marginal band. Hind
wing fuscous, whitish on basal and inner areas, with a cell-spot
and postmedial line.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 52 millim.

EUHOIS. — POLIA. 231

1785. Enrols virens, Butl A. M. N. H. (5) i, 1878, p. 194; id. III.

Het. iii, pi. 45, %. 5 ; C. $ S. no. 1930 A.
Eurois magnitica, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 127 ; C. # S. no. 1928.

Head and thorax yellow-green ; the second joint of palpi and
tufts on thorax red-brown ; abdomen slaty blue. Pore wing dark
brown; the costal area suffused with green; the subbasal and
antemedial double waved lines tilled in with green ; the orbicular
and reniform with reddish outlines and dark centres, the latter
with a pale lunule in centre ; the postmedial double lunulate line
filled in with grey ; three white specks on costa towards apex ; a
subinarginal series of black and green lunules, the black part being
elongate in one lunule below the costa and two above middle ; a
marginal series of small black and rufous lunules ; cilia red-brown.
Hind wing slaty blue, fuscous towards outer margin; the cilia
pure white.

The Sikhim form magnified has the inner area of fore wing
reddish, the hind wing brown.

Hob. Japan ; Dharmsala ; Thandiani ; Sikhim. Exp. 70 millim.

Genus POLIA.

Folia, Ochs. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 73 (1816).
Crymodes, Guen. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1841, p. 238.
Nikara, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 126 (1882).
Dimya, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 121.
*Hyada, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 129.

Type, P. flavicincta, Schiff., from Europe.

Range. Nearctic and Palaearctic regions ; Himalayas ; Khasis.

Differs from Eurois in the eyes having lashes, the palpi, head,
and thorax being much more hairy, the last without tufts ; cilia
of fore wing but slightly crenulate.

SECT. I. (Polia}. Antennae ciliated.
A. Fore iving broad.

1786. Polia herchatra, Sioinh. A. M. N. H. (6) xii, p. 260.

Head and thorax clothed with golden brown, black, and grey
hair; abdomen pale, with orange anal
tuft. Pore wing clothed with black,
golden, and grey scales ; a large yellow
patch at base below median nervure ;
the subbasal and antemedial waved lines
outlined with grey ; the orbicular grey ;
the reniform with yellow marks on its
inner and outer margins ; the post-
Fig. 130. medial lunulate line outlined with grey,
lolm herchatra, rf. \. curYe(^ and nearly meeting the ante-
medial line at inner margin ; a series of irregularly placed sub-

232 KOCTTJID^E.

marginal orange dashes ; cilia chequered brown and orange. Hind
wing pale fuscous, with traces of a lunule at end of cell ; a
postmedial line and submarginal band ; cilia orange-}7 ellow ; under-
side with cell-spot and irregular postmedial line.

Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 36 millim. Type in B. M.

1787. Polia sikkimensis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 348, pi. 38, fig. 16 ;
C. Sf S. no. 2101.

Differs from herchatra in being of a duller colour. Eore wing
with the ante- and postmedial lines obscure ; the orbicular and
reniform whitish, the latter large and prominent ; the yellow
dashes of the submarginal line smaller ; cilia of both wings grey.

In another form the whole of the markings of the fore wing
are obscured and only just indicated, so that it is nearly uniformly
dark irrorated with yellow scales.

Hab. Sikhim, 10,000 feet. Exp. 28-32 millim.

1788. Polia canosparsa, n. sp.

c? . Differs from lierchatra, in being much darker, the head but
slightly tinged with yellow ; thorax and abdomen without yellow.
Pore wing slightly irrorated with pale yellow and grey, the mark-
ings less prominent ; the submarginal line slightly outlined with
grey and with no yellow spots ; cilia black and grey. Hind wing
darker towards outer margin, the cilia tipped with grey.

Hab. Sikhim, 12,000 feet (Elwes). Exp. 38 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

1789. Polia transversa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 125; C.$ S.-no. 1970.
Hecatera modesta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 125 ; C. fy S. no. 1969.

$ . Head and thorax clothed with grey and black scales ; ab-
domen fuscous. Fore wing clothed with black, white, and ochreous
scales ; indistinct double waved subbasal, antemedial, and postmedial
waved lines ; the orbicular and reniform with white edges and
fairly prominent, the latter conjoined at its lower side to the
incurved postmedial line ; a prominent white dentate submarginal
line. Hind wing fuscous ; underside with cell-spot and postmedial
line.

The form transversa has the basal and outer areas of fore wing
whitish, the medial band darker, whilst modesta is more uniform.

Hab. Kashmir ; Thandiani, Punjab. Exp. 38 millim.

1790. Polia endroma, Smnh. A. M. N. H. (6) xii, p. 259.

$ . Head, thorax, and fore wing bright chestnut ; the last with
an obliquely excurved blue-grey antemedial line, the area before
it irrorated with blue-grey scales ; the orbicular and reniform

POLIA. 233

indistinct, the former oblique ; a postmedial blue-grey line angled
at vein 5, the area beyond it irrorated with blue-grey scales, and
with traces of a submarginal dentate line. Abdomen reddish.
Hind wing fuscous ; cilia rufous.

In other specimens the collar is yellowish chestnut ; fore wing
with the stigmata and outer area bright ochreous, with hardly any
blue suffusion.

Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis. Eorp. 40 millim. Type in B.M.

1791. Polia dentata, n. sp.

Differs from endroma in the basal and outer areas of fore wing
being suffused with grey instead of blue; the antemedial line
recurved towards inner margin, the reniform smaller and lunulate ;
the postmedial line more rounded and slightly dentate between
veins 3 and 6 ; the submarginal line irregularly sinuous.

Hob. Sikhim, 10,000 feet (Elwes). Exp. 38 raillim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

1792. Polia castanea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 126, pi. 4, fig. 24 ; C. $ S.

no. 1974.

d1 • Head and thorax dark red-brown, powdered with white
scales. Pore wing chestnut ; the area just above vein 2 and the
median nervure as far as the postmedial line suffused with deep
red-brown and powdered with bluish-white scales ; the orbicular
oblique and slightly defined by bluish-white scales ; the postmedial
line dark, angled below the costa, sending dark streaks along the
veins to the cell and obsolescent towards inner margin ; the outer
margin irrorated with bluish-white scales. Hind wing dark
fuscous ; underside with cell-spot and a postmedial line.
Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 40 millim.

1793. Polia microsticta, n. sp.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous brown. Fore wing
ochreous ; the costal area suffused with pinkish brown to near the
apex ; the subbasal and antemedial wraved and postmedial lunulate
lines indistinct ; the orbicular and reniforrn small, with slight black
outline and some dark suffusion between them ; the marginal
line oblique and arising from the outer margin below the apex ;
the area beyond it irrorated with brown and white ; a marginal
series of black specks. Hind wing dark fuscous ; cilia of both
wings pinkish brown. Underside of hind wing with cell-spot and
postmedial line.

Hab. Sikhim (Moller). Exp. 36 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

1794. Polia griseirufa, n. sp.

cT . Head and thorax bright rufous, abdomen paler. Fore wing
bright rufous ; the subbasal, ante- and postmedial waved lines

234

oehreous, the latter excurved beyond the cell ; some grey suffusion
on basal and medial areas below the cell ; reniform a pure white
speck ; the area beyond the submarginal irregularly sinuous line
silvery grey ; a marginal series of black specks ; cilia rufous.
Hind wing fuscous, with the cilia rufous. Underside of both wings
with cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hob. Sikhiin, 10,000 feet (Elwes). Exp. 25 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

*1795. Polia? khasiana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 342, pi. 37, fig. 5 ;
C. $ S. no. 2131.

Head, thorax, and fore wing dull red-brown, the last irrorated
with purplish grey ; brighter brown pale-edged sinuous antemeclial,
postmedial, and submarginal lines ; orbicular and reniform large ;
the median and submedian nervures dark ; the outer area brighter
brown. Hind wing greyish white, with the veins and margin
fuscous.

Hob. Khasis. Exp. 40 millim.

B. Fore wing rather narrower.

1796. Polia junctura, n. sp.

c? . Oehreous brown. Fore wing suffused with pale reddish
brown, some white scales on the veins ; the antemedial line pale,
oblique and recurved near inner margin ; the area in and beyond
the cell black ; the orbicular and reniform pale and conjoined into
a U-shaped mark ; the postmedial line situated nearer the margin
than usual, angled at vein 5 and with some ill-defined dark marks
beyond it. Hind wing^ with indistinct cell-spot and postmedial
line.

Hob. Sikhim, 7000 feet (Moller). Exp. 32 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. (Dimya). Antennas fasciculated in male.

1797. Polia sinuata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 122, pi. 4, fig. 17 ; C. $ S.

no. 1923.

Differs from dentata in being dull red-brown suffused with
fuscous ; fore wing with the antemedial line in the form of three
arcs ; the postmedial line dentate throughout and less oblique
towards inner margin ; the orbicular and reniform indistinct.

The type, from which the figure was taken, is very worn.

Hob. {Sikhim, 10,000 feet. Exp. 38 millim.

1798. Polia virescens, n. sp.

c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing clothed with grey, fuscous,
and dull green scales ; abdomen and hind wing greyish fuscous.

POLIA.— DIPTEBYGIA. 235

Fore wing with faint traces of antemeclial, postmedial, and sub-
marginal lines and orbicular and reniform marks.

Hcib. Kashmir (Thompson). Exp. 46 millim. Type in coll.
Leech.

SECT. III. (Hyada). Antennae of male bipectinate.

*1799. Polia?grisea, Moore, Lep. Atk.p. 130, pi. 4, fig. 26; C.$S.
no. 1978.

c? • Ochreous grey. Pore wing irrorated with brown ; a straight
subbasal brown line ; sinuous antemedial, two medial, and one post-
medial line, the last forked towards costa ; orbicular and reniform
whitish, the latter indistinct; a series of broad dentate marginal
marks. Hind wing ochreous brown.

Hab. Sikhim, 15,000 feet. Exp. 36 millim.

Genus DIPTERYGIA.

Dipterygia, Steph. Brit. Ent., Haust. ii, p. 167 (1829).

Type, D. scabriuscula, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Nearctic and Palaearctic regions ; Himalayas ; Nagas ;
Nilgiris; Ceylon.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully formed ; palpi
upturned, reaching above vertex of head, the second joint with long
hair below ; antennas minutely ciliated in male. Thorax with a
long furrowed crest behind the collar ; abdomen with dorsal tufts
on proximal segments ; tibiae without spines.

1800. Dipterygia nocturna, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 78, pi. 145, fig. 19.
Dipterygia indica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 51 (praeocc.); C. 8f S.
no. 2041.

Head ochreous white, variegated with brown and black scales ;
thorax black-brown, the crest brown ; abdomen dark fuscous. Fore
vi ing black-brown, the stigmata barely traceable ; faint traces of a
postmedial curved and waved line with two white subapical specks
beyond it, and a large whitish fuscous-suffused patch on inner
margin from it to outer angle, with a small patch on outer margin
above the larger one ; traces of a submarginal series of white specks.
Hind wing dark fuscous ; the cilia whitish.

Hal). Sikhim. ; Nilgiris. Exp. 38 millim.

1801. Dipterygia cristifera, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 94, pi. 1G2, fig. 7.
Differs from nocturna in being slightly paler. Pore wing with
the stigmata more prominent and pale-ringed ; a pale fascia with a
black dash above it on inner margin: the patch at outer angle more
suffused with brown and much shorter and broader, the postmedial

236

line being less curved and with black lines bounding it on inner
and upper edges ; the submarginal series of: pale specks more
prominent.

Fig. 131. — Dipterygia cristifera, tf . |.
Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 40 millim.

*1802. Dipterygia ? sikkima, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 105 ; C. $ S.
no. 2042.

Differs from nocturna in the fore wing being slightly narrower ;
sinuous ochreous subbasal, ante- and postmedial lines ; the pale
patch at outer angle less prominent, streaked with dark brown and
not extending along outer margin towards apex ; the orbicular and
reniform spots more distinct. Hind wing paler, brownish white
at base, and with indistinct postmedial line.

This may be allied to Euplexia subcurva, Wlk.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 38 millim.

1803. Dipterygia indica, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 647 ; C. fy S. no. 2138.
Very pale brown ; collar with two black lines ; patagia outlined

with black. Fore wing with a waved black fascia below median
nervure ; the subbasal and antemedial double black lines very
highly dentate ; the orbicular and reniform with black outlines,
the former very oblique; the double waved postmedial line obliquely
curved ; a diffused fuscous oblique fascia from outer margin below
apex to the postmedial line with some black dashes on it ; a similar
but not oblique fascia above outer angle. Hind wing whitish, with
a broad marginal fuscous band. Underside of both wings with a
postmedial series of specks.

Hab. .N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 48 millim.

1804. Dipterygia umbrifera, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 46, pi. 126, fig. 1.
Head, thorax, and abdomen pale, suffused with red-brown.

Fore wing grey- brown ; the basal area and inner area as far as the
postmedial line suffused with dark red-brown ; the subbasal and
autemedial double waved lines indistinct ; the orbicular and reni-
lorm large, pale-ringed, and indistinct ; the postmedial line very

DIPTERYGIA. EUSCOTIA. 237

much excurved beyond cell, angled and bent inwards between veins
2 and 3, where it encloses a grey patch at outer angle ; a dark
streak from it to outer margin above vein 3. Hind wing fuscous i
underside with cell-spot and waved postmedial line.
Hob. Dharrnsala. Exp. 36 milliin.

1805. Dipterygia grata, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 172.

Head and thorax pale brown ; palpi pinkish at sides, white in
front ; collar whitish ; the tuft on thorax vinous. Fore wing pale
brown ; the costal and inner areas suffused with pink ; the orbi-
cular and reniform pinkish white with pale brown centres, the
latter figure-of-8-sbaped ; an indistinct crenulate postmedial line ;
some red-brown streaks on inner margin and at apex ; outer
margin red-brown with a fine white line. Hind wing fuscous ;
underside with cell-spot and indistinct postmedial line.

Hob. Japan ; Nagas. Exp. 38 inillim.

Genus EUSCOTIA.

Euscotia, Butl. III. Set. vii, p. 47 (1889).

Type, E. inextricata, Moore.

Range. Japan ; N.W. Himalayas ; Nilgiris.

Differs from Dipterygia in the 3rd joint of the palpi being
long and porrect ; the abdominal tufts larger. Fore wing longer,
the outer margin more oblique ; the cilia of both wings highly
crenulate.

1806. Euscotia inextricata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 342 ; C. $ S.

no. 2139.

J . Grey-brown ; head, collar, and patagia with fine black lines.
Fore wing with the subbasal, antemedial, and postmedial indistinct

Fig. 132. — Euscotia inextricata, $. \.

double lines extremely irregularly dentate ; the orbicular and reni-
form indistinct, with a brown streak below them and some oblique
costal strigae above them ; some ill-defined irregular submargiual
brown streaks, the streak above outer angle long and extending to

238 NOCTUID,*:.

the postmedial line. Hind wing white ; the veins of outer area
and margin suffused with brown.

$ with the hind wing wholly suffused with brown.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; l^ilgiris. Exp. 57 milliin.

Genus CUCULIA.

Cuculia, Schrank, Fauna JBoica, ii, 2. p. 157 (1802).
Calleenia, H'dbn. Verz. p. 246(1818).

Type, C. verbasci, Linn., from Europe.

Eancje. N. America ; Europe ; S. Africa ; Japan ; Himalayas ;
Nagas.

Eyes naked and with or without lashes ; proboscis fully formed ;
palpi obliquely porrect, with rather long hair below ; frons ridged ;
antennae almost simple. Collar running up to a peak at centre ;
thorax almost without tufts ; abdomen long and tapering to a
point, the proximal segments of abdomen with dorsal tufts. Fore
wing long and narrow, the costa arched towards apex which is
acute ; both wings with the outer margin slightly angled in the
middle and the cilia more or less crenulate.

1807. Cuculia albescens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 357; C. $ S.

no. 2336.
Callamia elongata, Butl A. M. N. If. (5) vi, p. 67 ; id. III. Het.

vi, pi. 103, fig. 7 ; C. $ S. no. 1528.
Cucullia atkinsoni, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 131 ; C. 8f S. no. 2337.

Head and thorax grey and brown ; abdomen brown, with the
dorsal tufts dark. Eore wing grey, suffused with brown especially
on costal and inner areas; an indistinct irregular exceedingly
dentate double antemedial line and traces of a similar postmedial

Fig. 133. — Cuculia albescens, $ . {.

line ; the orbicular and reniform indistinct, with pale outlines ; a
dark streak on inner margin, and another above outer angle. Hind
wing pale, the outer area suffused with brownish fuscous.
Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Ex-p. 50-58 inillim.

CTJCULIA. 239

1808. Cuculia nigrifascia, n. sp.

c? . Differs from albescens in the fore wing having the black
streak from base below median nervure more prominent; theante-
inedial line more prominent and much less dentate ; a prominent
black band between the orbicular and reniform continued to near
inner margin ; short black streaks on outer area at middle and
above outer angle. Hind wing paler.

Hob. Murree. Exp. 50 millim. Type in B. M.

1809. Cuculia albipennis, n. sp.

c? . Head and thorax white ; collar with a black band ; two black
spots on tegulae ; abdomen pale ochreous. Fore wing white,
slightly suffused with brown ; a black streak from base below
median nervure ; an antemedial black line excurved below cell and
angled inwards on vein 1 ; the orbicular and reniform with brown
centres and incomplete black edges ; a postmedial line angled out-
wards beyond cell ; some white specks on costa towards apex ;
traces of a submarginal line ; black streaks on outer area at middle
and above outer angle ; a series of black marginal specks. Hind
wing whitish, fuscous towards outer margin.

Hob. Sultanpur, Kangra (Graham Young}. Exp. 30 millim.
Type in coll. Leech.

1810. Cuculia brevipennis, n. sp.

Differs from albescens in the fore wing being shorter and broader ;
the colour paler ; the orbicular and reniform more prominent, the
former more rounded : two subapical dark streaks and one near
middle of outer area. Hind wing with the basal area pale ochreous
in stead of seruihyaline white. Underside of fore wing paler fuscous ;
hind wing uniformly pale, irrorated with brown.

The Sikhirn specimen has the hind wing whiter; the Naga
specimen has the stigmata indistinct.

Hob. Subathu, N.W. Himalayas (Harford)} Sikhim; Nagas.
Exp. 46 millim. Type in B. M.

1811. Cuculia stigmatophora, n. sp.

cJ . Pale reddish ochreous ; collar with fine dark lines and a
black streak from shoulder; vertex of thorax dark red-brown.
Fore wing with the costal area suffused with rufous ; the pattern
as in albescens, but red-brown in colour ; the orbicular and reiiiform
obsolete, with a red-brown mark between them. Hind wing fuscous.
Underside pale, thickly irrorated with ochreous.

Hab. Murree (Harford). Exp. 44 millira. Type in B. M.

1812. Cuculia pullata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 358; C. # 8. no. 1529.
$ . Differs from albescens in the hind wing being white, with a

240

large bla?k lunule at the end of cell and very broad black marginal
band ; the cilia white.
Hob. Dalhousie; Sikhim. .Rrp. 72 mlflim.

Genus ACRONYCTA.

Acronicta, Ochs. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 62 (1816).
Trigena, Hiibn. Verz. p. 200 (1818).
Hyboma, Hiibn. Verz. p. 200.

Thalatha, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 187 (1862).
Plataplecta, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) i, p. 195 (1878;.
*Tycracona, Moore, Lev. Atk. p. 95 (1882).
Pseudepunda, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 672.

Type, A. leporina, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Nearctic, Palaearctic, and throughout the Oriental region.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully developed ;
antennae simple in both sexes ; thorax and abdomen without tufts,
the latter with long coarse hair on the dorsal part of proximal
segments ; legs without spines. Fore wing with the cilia non-
crenulate; the inner margin slightly lobed towards base.

SECT. I. (Acronycta). Palpi obliquely upturned in male,
upturned in female.

1813. Acronycta ansedina, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 19.
Trieena maxima, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 333; C. $ S. no. 1771.

(5 . Whitish grey ; palpi black at sides ; thorax clothed with
hair and scales : abdomen fuscous. Fore wing with some fuscous
blotches on costa ; a waved black fascia in interno-median interspace
from base to below the orbicular ; the antemedial double lines very
faint ; the orbicular and reuiform black-edged, with a black streak
between them, which is sometimes obsolete ; the inner border of
reniform double ; the postmedial curved double lunulate line
prominent, filled in with white and with a black streak crossing
it between veins 1 and 2, and sometimes another between veins 4
and 5 ; a marginal series of black spots. Hind wing fuscous white,
with a postmedial line ; the cilia whitish. Underside of both wings
with a cell-spot and curved postmedial line.

$ . Darker grey ; fore wing with the streak between the stigmata
and also the upper postmedial streak always present ; hind wing
darker fuscous ; underside with the cell-spot to hind wing large.

Hab. Japan; N.W. Himalayas; Punjab; Eangoon. Exp., 3
54-60, $ 70 millim.

1814. Acronycta paucinotata, n. sp.

$ . Head and thorax grey ; abdomen brownish grey. Fore wing
grey, with traces of a black subbasal line ; an antemedial minutely

ACBONYCTA. 241

dentate black line, with slight claviform mark on its outer edge ; a
medial striga from costa ; traces of a reniform mark, with black
lunule on its lower edge ; traces of a crenulate postmedial line, with
slight black streaks beyond it, chiefly towards apex. Hind wing
brownish fuscous ; the cilia grey.

Hob. Kashmir (Me Arthur). Exp. 50 millim. Type in coll.
Leech.

1815. Acronycta aceris, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, 2, p. 846.

Head, thorax, and fore wing clothed with white and dark brown
hair; the abdomen grey. Pore wing with indistinct subbasal,
double crenulate ante- and postmedial, and indistinct single lunulate
submarginal lines ; the orbicular and reniform small, the latter
obscured by an indistinct fuscous curved medial line ; a series of
marginal and cilial brown spots ; a black streak from base and two
streaks crossing the postmedial line, which are almost absent in the
Kashmir specimen. Hind wing white, often with slight pale brown
suffusion and the veins brown ; a series of pale brown cilial spots.

Larva pale red, with paired dorsal tufts of hair ; the head
streaked with black ; a series of dorsal black streaks and ring-marks.

Hob. Europe ; Gurais valley, Kashmir. Exp. 38-46 millim.

SECT. II. (Hyboma). Palpi upturned in both sexes.
A. Palpi ivith the 3rd joint short in both sexes.

1816. Acronycta sinens, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 746; Hmpsn. III. Het. viii,

pi. 144, fig. 6; C. #&no. 1918.
Thalatha sinens, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 187.

<$ . Pure white ; palpi with the 2nd
joint black at base. Pore wing with a
short black mark from base below
median nervure ; the subbasal and ante-
medial double waved fuscous lines
indistinct ; a double waved medial line
Fig. 134. arising from a fuscous patch on the

Acronycta nnens, <J . }.

the orbicular and reniform hardly traceable ; a postmedial irregu-
larly waved line arising from a fuscous patch on the costa and
with a black patch on it at vein 2 ; a submarginal lunulate line ; a
black speck on margin above vein 2. Hind wing with some fuscous
suffusion on apical area ; underside with a cell-spot and irregularly
waved postmedial line.

$ with the lines of fore wing brownish fuscous ; the black
streak from base obsolete; abdomen and hind wing brownish
fuscous.

Hob. Nilgiris; Moulmein; Borneo. Exp., rf 30, $ 36 millim,

YOL. II. B

242 NOCTUIDJE.

1817. Acronycta conjecturalis, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 222,

pi. vii, fig. 10.

2 . Differs from sinens in the fore wing having a broad medial
diffused blackish band; the patch on postmedial line elongated
into a streak; a marginal series of black streaks. Hind wing
fuscous.

Hob. Rangoon. Exp. 36 millim,

1818. Acronycta pruinosa, Guen. Noct. i, p. 53; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 144, fig. 3 ; C. # S. no. 1765.
Polia soluta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 723.
Acrouycta consanguis, Bull. A. M. N. H. (5) iv, p. 358 ; C. fy S.

no. 774.

c? . Head and thorax greyish white, the latter clothed with
scales ; abdomen whitish, with ochreous tinge at base, fuscous to-
wards extremity. Fore wing whitish grey, with subbasal and ante-
medial indistinct double lines ; the orbicular large, round, and white ;
the reniform with black outline, its inner margin double ; the post-
medial double luuulate line filled in with white and incurved at
vein 2, and with fuscous suffusion beyond it ; a series of small
marginal lunules : cilia chequered fuscous and white. Hind wing
white slightly suffused with fuscous, and with traces of a post-
medial line ; underside with a cell-spot, a patch on costa above it,
and maculate postmedial line.

$ writh the hind wing fuscous brown.

Hob. Japan; N.W.Himalayas; Sylhet ; Ceylon; Java. Exp.,
(S 44, $ 46 millim.

1819. Acronycta denticnlata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 408; JButl. 111.

Het. vii, pi. 125, fig. 8.

Dark grey; palpi with the 2nd joint black at base. Fore
wing with a black fascia from base below median nervure to outer
margin, interrupted at middle ; the subbasal and antemedial lines
indistinct ; the stigmata indistinct ; the postmedial line dentate and
incurved at vein 2 ; a marginal series of specks. Hind wing pure
white ; the veins and margin tinged with fuscous ; underside with
medial short band from costa and irregularly waved postmedial
line.

Hob. Dharmsala. Exp. 42 millim.

1820. Acronycta nigrivitta, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 72, pi. 144,

fig. 19.

S . Pale brown ; collar banded with black. Fore wing with the black
fascia below medial nervure continuous and curved downwards at
middle ; an indistinct double antemedial black line ; the orbicular
and reniform large and indistinct ; the postmedial double lunulate
line evenly curved ; a submarginal diffused waved line and marginal

ACRONYCTA. 243

series of specks. Hind wing oehreous white, with broad marginal
fuscous band. Underside with submarginal fuscous baud to both
wings.

Hob. Nilgiris. Exp. 35 millim.

1821. Acronycta bicolor, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1881, p. 332; C. $ S.
no. 1767.

Head, thorax, and fore wing fuscous black, irrorated with grey
scales ; the last with double subbasal and antemedial waved black
lines ; the orbicular and reniform indistinct ; cilia chequered black
and fuscons. Hind wing pure white ; the cilia slightly tinged
with fuscous.

Hctb. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 48 millim.

B. Palpi witli the 3rd joint long and reaching above vertex
of head in female.

1822. Acronycta fasciata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl hi, p. 5, pi. 144, fig. 4 ;

C. 8f S. no. 1773.

Hyhoma divisa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 409; Bull. III. Het.
vii, p. 45, pi. 125, fig. 7.

Head and thorax grey, suffused with fuscous ; the 2nd joint
of palpi black at base ; shoulders with a black stripe ; abdomen
fuscous. Fore wing grey suffused with fuscous, especially on basal
inner area and beyond the middle ; the subbasal and antemedial
double waved lines indistinct ; a black streak below median nervure
from base to outer margin interrupted at middle ; the orbicular and
reniform large, the former with a whitish ring inside the black
margin ; the postmedial double lunulate line incurved at vein 2.
Hind wing whitish fuscous in male, darker in female ; underside
with cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hah. Kangra ; Dharmsala ; Ceylon ; Eangoon. Exp., 3 36,
$ 42 millim,

*1823. Acronycta ? obliqua, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 95 ; Waterh. Aid, ii,
pi. 118 ; C. 8f S. no. 1647.

Head and thorax pinkish grey ; palpi and base of collar dark
brown. Fore wing pinkish grey, irrorated with fuscous ; a short
indistinct subbasal line and indistinct waved ante- and postmedial
brown lines ; a very irregular dark brown fascia from middle of
costa to centre of outer margin ; the outer area suffused with
brown and with a pale irregular submarginal line. Abdomen and
hind wing pale fuscous ; the latter with pale marginal line.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 32 millim.

244

Genus CORYTHURUS.

Corythurus, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 112 (1893).

Type, C. nocturnus, Hmpsn.

Range. Ceylon; Tenasserim.

$ . Eyes naked and without lashes ; palpi slender, curved, and
extending backwards over vertex of head, the 3rd joint buried in
very long hair from the end of the 2nd joint ; antennae almost
simple; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled, the latter with
immensely developed tubular anal tuft; tibiae without spines.
Fore wing with the apex rounded ; the cilia non-crenulate.

$ with the palpi held far apart, naked, the 3rd joint up-
turned and long ; abdomen with no anal tuft.

1824. Corythurus nocturnus, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 113, pi. 165,
figs. 4, 10.

cJ. Head and thorax pale rufous brown; the collar darker;
abdomen fuscous. Fore wing reddish grey, with indistinct double
subbasal, ante- and postmedial lines, a dark rufous and fuscous patch
between thet wo former, obsolete towards inner margin ; a large
rufous submarginal patch also obsolete towards inner margin, and
edged by a waved whitish submarginal line and crossed by a black
streak from end of cell to the submarginal line ; two short black
streaks to near centre of outer margin. Hind wing fuscous brown.

Fig. 135. — Corythurus nocturnus, <$ . \.

$ . Much greyer, with the patches on fore wing fuscous black ;
the lines more distinct ; some patches of olive suffusion and an
indistinct reniform spot; underside of fore wing with the cilia
white intersected with fuscous.

The Tenasserim female is darker ; the fore wing more uniformly
varegiated with dark grey and olive and without the dark patches.

Hob. Ceylon; Tenasserim Valley. Exp., <$ 52, $ 42-46
millirn.

MTJDARIA. — TOXOCAMPA. 245

Genus MUDABIA.
Mudaria, Moore, Cotes' Museum Notes, iii, p. 68 (1892).

Type, M. cornifrons, Moore.

Range. Bengal.

Eyes naked and without lashes; proboscis fully developed;
palpi porrect and smoothly scaled, the 3rd joint well developed ;
irons with a corneous trilobate process ; antennae simple in both
sexes ; metathorax with slight tufts ; abdomen without tufts ;
tibiae clothed with long hair and without spines. Fore wing with
the apex rounded ; the cilia slightly crenulate. Hind wing with
vein 5 bent downwards at base, but weak.

1825. Mudaria cornifrons, Moore, Cotes' Museum Notes, iii, p. 68.

Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with rufous and grey scales.
Eore wing grey, slightly suffused with brick-red ; traces of a

black subbasal line ; an ante-
medial black line, double at costa,
much excurved below the cell,
and dentate to wards inner margin;
_ a black arc with its open side
towards the costa from the inner
edge of the almost obsolete orbi-
cular to the outer edge of the reni-

„ , , . FlS I,36- form; a postmedial excurved lunu-

Mudana, corntfrons. r\ . 4- •, . -.. l • i- j.- j. j i j.

late line ; an indistinct dentate

submarginal line. Hind wing semihyaline white, with traces of
fuscous on the margin.

Larva destructive to silk-cotton.

Hob. Bengal. Exp., 3 45, $ 38 millim.

Genus TOXOCAMPA.
Toxocampa, Guen, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1841, p. 75.

Type, T. cracca, Schiff., from Europe.

Range. Nearctic and Palaearctic regions ; throughout India,
Ceylon, and Burma.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully developed ;
palpi obliquely upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head
and thickly and evenly scaled, the 3rd short ; frons with a short
tuft ; antennae minutely ciliated in male. Thorax with a slight
crest behind collar ; no tufts on metathorax or abdomen ; tibiaB
without spines. Eore wing with the outer margin much excurved
at centre ; the cilia not crenulate.

246 NOCTUID^E.

1826. Toxocampa dorsigera, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii. p. 873 : Hmpsn. III.

Net. ix, pi. 162, fig. 18 ; C. $ S. no. 2295.

Toxocampa cuculata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 159 ; C. Sf S. no. 2294.
Toxocampa orientalis, Butl. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 381 ; C. $ S. no. 2298.
Toxocampa vicise, Butl. III. Set. vii, p. 13 (nee Hilbn.).

Violaceous grey-brown ; the vertex of head and collar jet-black.
Fore wing striated with fuscous and with the veins pale ; traces
of antemedial, medial, and postmedial dark lines, the last highly
excurved beyond cell ; an inverted P-shaped black mark at end of

Fig. 137. — Toxocampa dorsigera,

cell, with some black specks on its outer edge, sometimes the out-
line only of this mark being present ; a stibmarginal slightly curved
pale-edged line ; a marginal series of minute specks. Hind wing
fuscous, the cilia tinged with ochreous. Underside with cell-spot,
traces of a postmedial line, and broad diffused marginal band.

Small and large forms coexist in the N.W. Himalayas, the
former alone occurring in the Nilgiris and Ceylon.

Mab. N.W. Himalayas ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 46-52 inillim.

Genus CONSERVULA.

Conservula, Grote, Bull. Buff. Soc. ii, p. 17 (1874).
Appana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 355.

Type, C. anodonta, Gruen., from N. America.

Range. N. America ; Madagascar ; Sikhim ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon.

Eyes naked and without lashes; proboscis fully developed ;
palpi upturned and reaching vertex of head, thickly scaled, the
third joint minute ; antennae simple in both sexes ; rnetathorax
with tufts which are well developed in the American typical species,
slight in the others ; abdomen without tufts ; tibiae without spines.
Pore wing with the cilia not crenulate.

1827. Conservula indica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 57 ; C. Sf 8. no. 1975.

$ . Pale reddish chestnut ; collar pale-fringed ; a pale line on
tegulae. Fore wing with an indistinct subbasal line ; a dark speck
in base of cell ; a broad medial deep chestnut band with pale edges,
arising from the subcostal, narrowing towards inner margin, and
with a broad pale V-mark on it in and beyond the end of cell ;

CONSERVULA. PBODENIA. 247

a submarginal slightly curved pale line ; cilia dark chestnut.
Hind wing reddish fuscous. Underside of both wings with

Fig. 138. — Conservula indica, <$ . }•

indistinct dark mark on discocellulars and postmedial and sub-
rnar^inal lines.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 38 millim.

1828. Conservula V-brunneum, Guen. Notf.ii, p. 62 ; C. $ S. no. 1979.
Appana cingalesa, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. in, p. 548, pi. 214, fig. 6 ;

C. # S. no. 1975 A.

Differs from indica in being much greyer and less chestnut in
colour ; the collar and patagia without the pale lines. Fore wing
with the submarginal line straight and dark. Hind wing whitish,
with the cilia chestnut.

Hab. Nilgiris ; ? Pondicherry ; Ceylon. Exp. 38 millim.

Genus PRODENIA.
Prodenia, Guen. Noct. i, p. 159 (1852).

Type, P. littoralis, Boisd.

Range. Nearctic region; Mediterranean subregion and through-
out the tropical and subtropical zones.

Differs from Euplexia in having no tuft behind collar, but only
the tufts on metathorax ; the scaling much smoother; the legs less
hairy ; abdominal tufts slight ; antennae ciliated in male.

1829. Prodenia littoralis, Boisd. Faun Ent. Madag., Lep. p. 91, pi. 13,

fig. 8 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. in, pi. 146, figs. 1 a, b (larva) ; C. fy S.

no. 2120.

Prodenia ciligera, Guen. Noct. i, p. 164.
Prodenia testaeeoides, Guen. Noct. i, p. 165.
Prodenia glaucistriga, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 197.
Prodenia subterminalis, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 196.
Prodenia declinata, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 723.
Neuria retina, Freyer, Beitr. Schmett. v, p. 161.

Pale ochreous, much suffused with dark brown ; abdomen paler.
Fore wing with some ochreous streaks at base ; an angled and
oblique subbasal line ; a waved and curved antemedial line ; the
orbicular oblique, with fuscous centre and black edges; the reniform
an oblique ' arrow-head ' mark ; the outer half of median nervure
and bases of veins 2, 3, 4, and discocellulars prominently pale ;

248 NOCTUTDJE.

claviform black ; an indistinct lunulate postinedial line excurved
beyond cell ; a waved submarginal line with black streaks before

Fig. 139. — Prodenia littoralis, <$. \.

it; cilia with pale streaks through them. Hind wing opalescent
and semihyaline white, with dark marginal line.

Larva pale violet-brown, with a subdorsal series of narrow
yellow spots with black lunules above them ; a lateral series of
purplish-black spots centred by a wrhite dot ; a sublateral white
line. Pood-plant Lantana.

Hob. Mediterranean subregion and throughout the tropical
and subtropical zones of the Old World. Exp. 30-45 millim.

1830. Prodenia minima, Swinn. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 410.

cJ . Brownish white, irrorated with dark scales. Fore wing with
some dark marks on the indistinct subbasal line ; the antemedial
waved line interrupted and with the large dark claviform stigma con-
joined to it, beyond which is an oblique pale fascia from the median
nervure ; the orbicular and reniform on a diffused dark triangular
patch, the former a white speck, the latter quadrate ; the post-
medial and submarginal lines indistinctly lunulate, the latter
obsolete from the costa to vein 5 ; a marginal series of dark spots.
Hind wing pure white.

Hal. Hydrabad, Sind. Exp. 22 millim.

Genus SPODOPTERA.

Spodoptera, G-uen. Noct. i, p. 153 (1852).

Type, S. mauritia, Boisd.

Range. W. Indies : N. & S. America ; Africa ; IN". China and
throughout the Oriental and Australian regions.

Differs from Prodenia in having immensely developed tufts of
hair on the fore tibiae ; cilia slightly crenulate ; antennae almost
simple.

1831. Spodoptera mauritia, Boisd. Faun. Ent. Maday., Lep. p. 92.
Spodoptera nubes, Guen. Noct. i, p. 155 ; C. fy S. no. 2121.
Spodoptera nlium, Guen. Noct. i, p. 155.

Prodenia infecta, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 196 ; JButl. III. Net. vi, pi. 109,

fig. 8.
Prodenia insignata, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 197.

SPODOPTERA. — CALOGEAMMA. 249

Caradrina triturata, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 295.
Agrotis transducta, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 344.
Prodenia permunda, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 723.
Laphygma gratiosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 651.
Laphygma squalida, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 652.
Prodenia venustula, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 654.
Celaena bisignata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 679.
Agrotis aliena, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 694.
Agrotis submarginalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 699.
Agrotis bisignata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 702.
Hadena obliqua, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 736.

Dark grey-brown with a rusty tinge ; abdomen fuscous. Fore
wing with the subbasal, antemedial, and postmedial double waved
lines indistinct; the orbicular small and ochreous; the reniform
blackish ; the submarginal line whitish and irregularly waved ; a

Fig. 140.— fcpodoptera mauritia, <$ . |.

whitish patch is often present between the orbicular and reniform
and a dark patch on the central marginal area. Hind wing
opalescent and semihyaline white, with a dark marginal line.

JJab. W. Africa ; Mauritius ; Shanghai ; and throughout the
Oriental and Australian regions. Exp. 38 millim.

Genus CALOGRAMMA.

Calogramma, Guen. Noct. i, p. 165 (1852).

Type, C. f estiva, Donov.

Range. India ; Ceylon ; Australia ; New Caledonia.

Differs from Euplexia in having no tuft behind collar, but only
the tufts on metathorax ; the legs less hairy. Fore wing with
the cilia but slightly crenulate. Hind wing with vein 5 curved
at origin and arising below the centre of discocellulars, which are
highly angled.

1832. Calogramma f estiva, Donov. Epit. Ins. New Holl. (1805) ;

Moore, Lep. Ccyl. iii, pi. 146, tig. 6 ; C. $ S. no. 2137.
Polia picta, Boisd. Voy. de P Astrolabe, Lep. p. 241.

Ochreous white ; head and thorax suffused with pinkish red.
Fore wing with some red on costa at base ; numerous ill-defined
waved black lines between base and antemedial line ; the orbicular
and claviform consisting of black rings ; a medial pinkish-red
band, wide at costa narrowing to inner margin ; the reniform with
ochreous and black outlines and red centre ; the postmedial double

250 NOCTTJIDJE.

waved lines filled in with ockreous and highly excurved beyond
the cell ; some black dashes on reddish patches beyond it. Hiud
wing semihyaline white.

Fig. 141. — Calogramma Jestiva,

Hob. Bengal ; Ceylon ; Australia ; New Caledonia. Exp. 48
millim.

Genus AMYNA.

Amyna, Gum. Noct. i, p. 406 (1852).
Ilattia, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 208 (1858).

Type, A. selenamplia, Gruen.

Range. Neotropical region ; S. Africa ; throughout the Oriental
region ; Japan ; Pacific groups.

Differs from Euplexia in having no tufts on thorax ; the abdomen
slender and tapering to a point, with the dorsal tufts slight ; palpi
more slender and reaching above vertex of head, lore wing
shorter and broader, the costa more arched towards apex.

SECT. 1. {Amyna). Tore Ming of male with no vesicle in cell.

1833. Amyna selenampha, Guen. Noct. i, p. 406 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 147, figs. 3, 3 a ; C. # S. no. 2104.
Alamis spoliata, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1050.
Amyna subtracta, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 189.
Hadena latipennis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 738.

Puscous brown with an olive tinge ; legs ringed with ochreous.
Pore wing with subbasal, ante-, postmedial, and submarginal
irregularly waved black lines, the last indistinct ; a marginal series
of specks ; the orbicular and reniform very indistinct, the latter
with its lower part obscured by a prominent ochreous spot in the
typical form. Hind wing with traces of a postmedial waved line.
Underside suffused with whitish; the submarginal line of hind
wing prominent and crenulate.

Hab. Natal ; Madagascar ; China : throughout India and Ceylon ;
Andamans ; Philippines ; Borneo ; Java. Exp. 30-36 rnilJirn.

AMYNA. 251

SECT. II. (Ilattia}. Fore wing of male with a small vesicle in cell,
with a small valve of scales over it on underside, the median
nervure being slightly curved.

1834. Amyna octo, Guen. Noct. i, p. 233.
Amyna axis, Guen. Noct. i, p. 407.
Poaplrila stricta, Wik. Cat. xiv, p. 1476.
Celsena flavigutta, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1688.
Celsena perfundens, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1691.
Ilattia cephusalis, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 209 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 146, tigs. 4, 4 a ; C. $ 8. no. 2088.
Miana inornata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 677.
Celsena obstructa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 679.
Perigea leucospila, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 683.
Amyna stellate, Butt. A. M. N. H. (5) i, p. 162.
Amyna undulifera, Butt. A. M. N. H. (4) xvi, p. 403.
Erastria stigmatula, Snell. Tijd. v. Ent. xv, p. 55.
Stridova albigutta, Wlk. Trans. Nat. Hist. Glasg. i, p. 354.
Chytoriza tecta, Grote, Check-list, p. 33.

Ilattia cupreipennis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 112 ; C. fy 8. no. 2090.
Ilattia apical is, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 112 ; C. $ 8. no. 2086.
Ilattia renalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 113 ; C. $ S. no. 2092.
Ilattia calamistrata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 348 ; C. fy S. no. 2087.
Perigea supplex, Swinh. P. Z. 8. 1885, p. 452 ; C. $ 8. no. 2102.

Differs from selenampha in being much smaller.

The typical form, is greyish fuscous ; axis has a white or ochreous
spot on lower part of remform, whilst a third form has a pale
apical patch ; leucospila, cupreipennis, and renalis have the head,
thorax, and fore wing cupreous red-brown, the first has a white
spot at end of cell, which the second is without, whilst renalis has
a white outline to the reniform not filled in with white, but some-
times with an ochreous spot on it and a large grey patch on the
costa before apex.

Fig. 142. — Amyna octo, <$ . \.

The form calamistrata is golden brown, with a single series of
white specks on the antemedial line and a double series on the
postmedial line ; the orbicular white ; the remform figure-of-8-
shaped with white outline.

Hob. W. Indies ; S. America ; Africa ; Arabia ; Japan ; China ;
throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Andamans ; Borneo ;
Pacific groups of islands. Exp. 20-30 rnillim.

252 NOCTTJID.E.

*1835. Amyna ? monilis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 348, pi. 38, fig. 11 ;
C. $ S. no. 2091.

Head, thorax, and fore wing ochreous ; the last with indistinct
pale subbasal, ante- and postinedial sinuous white lines ; a promi-
nent white spot at base of cell ; the orbicular and reniforin with
white specks on their edges ; a maculate white submarginal line ;
a marginal series of white-edged black specks ; some white specks
on the costa towards apex. Hind wing ochreous fuscous, with
indistinct cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 25 millim.

SECT. III. Male with the vesicle on fore wing larger, the valve
of scales being on the upperside and projecting from the
median nervure towards the costa.

1836. Amyna larentica, n. sp.

c? . Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing clothed with red-
brown and black scales, the last with the medial area darkest ;
the subbasal and antemedial waved black lines fairly prominent ;
reniforin elongate and rufous with pale edges ; the postmedial
crenulate line excurved beyond the cell ; the submarginal irregular
line indistinct and broken, expanding into a dark patch below
the costa and with some rufous suffusion before it. Hind wing
pale fuscous, with curved postmedial line.

Hab. Nagas, 6000 feet (Dofarty). Exp. 26 millim. Type in coll.
Elwes.

Genus BERRESA.
Berresa, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 214 (1858).

Type, B. turpis, Wlk.

Range. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Fiji ; Tonga.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully developed ;
palpi upturned, reaching above vertex of head, the 2nd joint
fringed with long hair, the 3rd prominent ; antennae simple and
annulated ; thorax without tufts ; abdomen with slight dorsal
tufts. Fore wing short and square ; a vesicle in cell of male,
with a valve of long scales over it on underside ; cilia not
crenulate.

1837. Berresa turpis, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 794 ; C.fyS. no. 1850.

Berresa natalis, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 214; Moore, Lev. Ceyl. iii,
pi. 146, fig. 3 j C. $ S. no. 2040.

Dull brown. Fore wing with indistinct subbasal, antemedial,
postmedial, and submarginal single waved lines with a few
grey scales on them ; reniform represented by a small grey spot.

BEEEESA. — CALLOPISTEIA. 253

Abdomen and hind wing fuscous; the latter with an indistinct
postmedial line.

Fig. 143. — Berresa turpis, <$. }.

Hob. Dharmsala ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Fiji ; Tonga. Exp. J 20,
2 26 millim.

Genus CALLOPISTRIA.

Callopistria, Hiibn. Verz. p. 216 (1818).
Eriopus, Treitschke, Schmett. Eur. v, i, p. 365 (1825).
Agabra, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 136 (1862).
Cotanda, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 374.
Methorasa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 374.
Gnamptocera, ButL A. M. N. H. (6) viii, p. 71 (1891).
Haploolophus, ButL A. M. N. H. (6) viii, p. 71 (1891).
Dissolophus, Butl A. M. N. H. (6) viii, p. 71 (1891).
Hyperdasys, ButL A. M. N. H. (6) viii, p. 71 (1891).
Hemipaclr^cera, ButL A. M. N. H. (6) viii, p. 71 (1891).
Rhoptrotrichia, Butl. A. M. N. H. (6) viii, p. 71 (1891).

Type, C. purpureofasciata, Pill., from Europe.

Range. N. America ; W. Indies ; Pala3arctic region ; throughout
India, Ceylon, and Burma; Borneo; Java; New Hebrides;
Solomons ; Fiji.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully developed ;
palpi short, obliquely porrect, and roughly scaled ; thorax without
tufts ; abdomen with dorsal tufts on the proximal segments ;
fore wing with the cilia nou-crenulate ; the inner margin with
tufts of hairs near base and at outer angle.

SECT. I. (Metliorasa). Antenna of male simple and ciliated. Fore
wing with the outer margin evenly curved ; legs heavily
tufted with hair, especially the middle pair.

1838. Callopistria latreillei, Dup. Lep. Fr., Noct. iv, pt. 1, p. 327,

pi. 120, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. i>±>(>.
Callopistria roseitellum, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 864.
Erastria qiiieta, Treit. Schmett. iii, p. 259.

Head grey; thorax clothed with dark brown, red-brown, and
white hairs ; abdomen pale fuscous. Fore wing black irrorated
with white ; subbasal and autemedial pale waved lines with a
white spot between them below median nervure; the orbicular

254 NOCTUID^E.

and reniform grey and indistinct; the postmedial waved line
excurved beyond cell ; a submarginal series of white dashes
crossed by a larger subapical dash which is usually pinkish but
sometimes white. Hind wing pale fuscous. Underside pale ;
hind wing with indistinct cell-spot and crenulate postmedial line.
Hob. Europe ; Congo ; N.W. Himalayas ; Nilgiris. Exp.
26 millim.

1839. Callopistria strigilineata, n. sp.

3 . Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with red-brown and
grey scales. Fore wing bright rufous; a short subbasal line;
ante- and postmedial double lines composed of short strigae, the
latter excurved beyond cell ; the orbicular and reniform with white
outlines, the former round, the latter doubly curved ; an ill-defined
submarginal band ; some white specks on costa towards apex and
marginal and cilial series ; a white and grey apical patch and a
white spot on centre of margin. Hind wing pale ; underside with
spot at end of cell and postmedial line.

Hab. Sikhim (Holler}. Exp. 34 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. AntennaB of male contorted at middle, but not
thickened or strongly ciliated.

A. (Grnamptocera). Fore wing with outer margin evenly curved ;
legs of male not clothed with, long hair ; the tarsi and inner
spurs of mid legs fringed with hair.

1840. Callopistria minuta, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 70, pi. 130, fig. 4.

Head and thorax clothed with red-brown mingled with black
hairs ; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing black, the veins ochreous ;
the ante- and postmedial lines not much curved and conjoined to
the orbicular and reniform, the whole space between them filled in
with yellow except a triangular patch bounded by the costa,
orbicular, and reniform ; a submarginal highly dentate ochreous
line. Hind wing dark fuscous ; underside with indistinct cell-spot
and postmedial line.

Hab. N.W: Himalayas. Exp. 20 millim.

1841. Callopistria minor, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 81, pi. 146,
figs. 16, 17.

c? . Differs from minuta in being much darker. Fore wing with
the veins and space between the ante- and postmedial lines pale
reddish; the submarginal line broken up into irregularly disposed
blue-grey specks.

$ . Uniformly much darker.
Hab. Mlgiris. Exp. 22 rnillim.

CALLOPISTEIA. 255

B. (Dissolophus). Fore wing with the outer margin angled ; legs
of male clothed with very long tufts of hair, especially the
mid tibice and tarsi.

1842. Callopistria repleta, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 865 ; C. $ S. no. 2221.

Head and thorax clothed with dark brown, ferruginous, and
white hair ; abdomen paler, with the dorsal tufts ferruginous.
Fore wing dark variegated with red ; the veins, subbasal, ante- and
postmedial lines pale reddish, the antemedial line curved, the
orbicular elongate, the postmedial line not much excurved and
forming with the reniform, which is elongate with broad white
edges, a ?-mark ; an indistinct medial dark crenulate line ; some
irregularly disposed submarginal broad pale, streaks on apical area.
Hind wing fuscous ; cilia pale, with a dark line through them ;
underside with cell-spot and crenulate postmedial line.

Hab. Japan ; N.W. Himalayas. Earp. 40 millim.

SECT. III. (Hemipachycera). AnteunaB of male slightly knotted and
contorted at middle ; the tibise, tarsi of fore legs, and spurs
of mid legs moderately hairy ; fore wing with the outer
margin angled.

1843. Callopistria rivularis, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 867 ; Hmpsn. El. Het.

ix, pi. 163, fig. 2 ; C. % S. no. 2222.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark. "Fore wing blackish, clouded
with grey and irrorated with ochreous ; the veins ochreoiis ; a
double subbasal ochreous line and similar regularly curved ante-
medial line ; the orbicular and reniform elongate ; the post-
medial line much excurved beyond the cell and forming with the
reniform a ?-mark ; some prominent irregularly disposed streaks
on apical area ; the tufts at base and outer angle long, the latter
white. Hind wing dark fuscous ; the cilia pale ; underside dark,
with obscure cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Mlgiris ; Ceylon ; Fiji. Ex p. 30 millim.

1844. Callopistria yerburii, Eutl. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 496.

Differs from rivularis in the head and thorax being ochreous ;
the abdomen and hind wing much paler. Fore wing with the
antemedial line slightly angled on median nervure ; the post-
medial line more excurved at vein 4 : the apical streaks more
diffused; some specimens have a reddish spot beyond the lower
angle of cell and the margin reddish.

Hab. Aden ; Nilgiris. Exp. 32 millim.

1845. Callopistria duplicans, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 866; C. $ S. no. 2218
Differs from repleta in the fore wing having the antemedial line

256

slightly curved ; the postmedial line sinuous instead of excurved
beyond the cell.

Hob. Formosa ; Silhet ; Moulmein. Exp. 32 millim.

SECT. IT, (Agabra). Antennae of male expanding into a knot at
middle, the portion beyond it being curved and more strongly
ciliated ; tibiae and tarsi of fore legs clothed with long hair,
the spurs of mid tibiae fringed with hair.

1846. Callopistria placodoides, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 296 ; C.fy S. no. 2225.

Chestnut. Fore wing suffused in parts with purplish white ;
subbasal, ante- and postmedial dark double lines angled below the

costa ; the orbicular and reniform
elongate and with white edges, the
former traversed by an ill-defined
curved whitish line, the latter by a
similar dark line; a dark sinuous
line beyond the postmedial double
lines ; submarginal and marginal
Fig. 144. white lines with dark edges, angled

Callopistria placodoides, $ . \. at centre and with the area between

them suffused with purplish. Hind

wing pale fuscous, the cilia whitish ; underside with the costal
area suffused with red ; a cell-spot, postmedial and submarginal
lines.

Some specimens are much darker than others.
Hob. Mlgiris ; Borneo ; Java. Exp. 36 millim.

1847. Callopistria aethiops, Butl A. M. N. H. (5) i, p. 200 ; id. III. Bet.

iii, pi. 46, fig. 4.

Differs from repleta in the antemedial line of the fore wing being
angled below median nervure ; the orbicular small and conjoined
to the antemedial line ; the reniform narrow with fine edges ; a
white speck beyond lower angle of cell; the postmedial line more
excurved beyond the cell; the submarginal streaks finer, one
between veins 2 and 3.

Hob. Japan ; Nilgiris. Exp. 32 millim.

1848. Callopistria indica, Butl A. M. N. H. (6) viii, p. 76, pi. ix, fig. 8.

Head and thorax ochreous, wdth a few black hairs ; abdomen
fuscous and ochreous. Fore wing blackish, clouded with grey
and irrorated with ochreous ; the veins ochreous ; a double sub-
basal ochreous line ; a similar antemedial line highly angled just
below median nervure ; the orbicular elongate, some specimens
having a yellow patch, below it and the reniform ; the postmedial
line much excurved beyond the cell and forming with the reniform
a ?-mark ; some prominent irregularly disposed streaks on apical

CALLOPISTRIA. — ELUSA. 257

area ; the tufts at base and outer angle long, the latter formed
of white hair. Hing wing fuscous ; the cilia ochreous, with a
dark line through them ; underside with discocellular lunule and
postmedial line.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Oanara; Borneo. Exp. 22-30 millim.

SECT. Y. (Rhoptrotrichia). Antennae of male with three spatulate
hairs on the curved portion ; legs very densely clothed with
long hair.

1849. Callopistria recurvata, Moore, Lev. Atk. p. 144 ; id. Lev. Ceyl.
pi. 151, fig. 1 ; C.$S. no. 2220.

Head and thorax clothed with dark ferruginous and white
hair; abdomen paler, with the dorsal tufts ferruginous. Fore
wing differs from indica in being more varied with reddish ; the
veins and lines reddish ; the antemedial line more angulated ; a
medial crenulate black line. Underside of hind wing with more
crenulated postmedial line.

Hob. China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java ;
New Hebrides. Exp. 40 millim.

Genus ELUSA.

Elusa, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 202 (1858).

Seria, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 193 (1862).

Lugana, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 145 (1882).

Type, E. ceneusalis, Wlk., from Borneo.

Range. Sikkim ; Assam ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Andamans ; Borneo.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully developed ;
palpi obliquely upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head
and roughly scaled, the 3rd short. Antennae of male bipectinated,
the branches bent round and almost forming a cylinder just
before the middle, where the shaft is contorted and the branches
form a large hollow cup, after which they gradually diminish to
apex ; thorax without tufts ; abdomen with dorsal tufts. Legs with
the tibiae clothed with dense tufts of hair ; hind legs clothed with
very long hair to the end of the tarsi. Pore wing with the cilia
non-crenulate ; the inner margin lobed at base, and with a tuft
of long scales at outer angle.

1850. Elusa bipars, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 373, pi. 38, fig. 7 ; C.$&

no. 1873.

Lugana rufula, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 81, pi. 146, figs. 22, 23.
Lugana renalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 146 ; C. $ S. no. i>229.

eJ . Head and thorax very dark red-brown ; the cup of antennae
black ; abdomen paler. Fore wing very dark red-brown, the outer
area brighter ; traces of subbasal, ante- and postmedial waved lines

YOL. II. S

258

Fig. 145. — Elusa bipars,

and nearly straight submarginal series of specks, which are darkest at

centre ; the orbicular a reddish speck ;
the renif orm figure-of-8 shape and grey
with dark centre. Hind wing fuscous,
or almost white in some Nilgiri and
Ceylon specimens.

£ with the postmedial area of fore
wing paler red-brown ; the hind wing
darker.

Hub. Nagas ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ;
Andamans. Exp. 22-26 milliin.

1851. Elusa cyathicornis, Wik. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 194.
Differs from Upars in being ferruginous. Fore wing uniform

in colour, with the lines and stigmata very indistinct ; the cilia
dark. Hind wing dark reddish.

Hal. Sikhiru ; Margharita, Assam ; IXYigas ; Borneo. Exp. 24
iniilim.

1852. Elusa antennata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 146 ; C. $ S. no. 2228.

cJ . Differs from Hpars in having an obscure curved ante-
medial line to fore wing ; a straight submarginal line close to the

margin.

Hob. Sikhim.

Exp. 28 millim.

Genus ARBORICORNUS, nov.

Type, A. ruler, Hmpsn.

Range. Nagas.

Palpi long, porrect, and smoothly scaled ; antennae of male bipec-
tinate ; eyes naked and not lashed ; thorax smoothly scaled ;
abdomen with dorsal tufts ; tibia3 without spines. Fore wing short
and broad, the apex rounded ; veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind
wing with veins 6, 7 stalked.

1853. Arfooricornus ruber, n. sp.

cJ . Head and thorax dark red-brown ; abdomen paler, with the
dorsal tufts dark. Fore wing dark red-brown, with a glossy
texture and almost uniform, except for three pale specks on costa
towards apex. Hind wing paler.

Fig. 146. — Arboricornus ruber, tf . {.

Hob. Nagas, 6000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 24 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

259

Genus CARADRINA.

Caradrina, OcJis. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 80 (1816).
Laphygma, Guen. Noct. i, p. 156 (1852).
Dyrzela, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1758 (1858).
Radinacra, ButL A. M. N. H. (5) i, p. 161 (1878).
Dadica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 349.
Vapara, Moore, Lep. Atk.p. 163 (1882).
Leucocosmia, ButL Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 394.

Type, C. taraxaci, Hiibn., from Europe.

Range. Universally distributed.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully developed ; palpi
upturned, the 2nd joint evenly clothed with hair. Thorax and
abdomen without tufts ; tibiae without spines ; cilia not crenulate.

SECT. I. Palpi with the 3rd joint very short. Male without
tufts of hair on the claspers.

A. (Caradrina). Male without a cleft corneous ridge on
vertex of head.

a. Antennce minutely ciliated in male.

1854. Caradrina cognata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 119; C. $ S. no. 2010.

Head and thorax pale ochreous brown ; palpi with 2nd joint black
at sides. Fore wing pale ochreous brown, slightly irrorated with dark
scales ; subbasal, antemedial, medial, postmedial, submarginal, and
marginal indistinct waved lines, the second angled near inner margin,
the fourth below the costa ; stigmata obsolete or the reniform some-
times small and ochreous with two white specks on it. Abdomen
and hind wing pure white, the latter with the veins and margin
slightly tinged with fuscous.

Hob. Sikhim ; Poona ; Khandala ; Nilgiris. Exp. 24 millim.

1855. Caradrina exigua, Hiibn. Samml. eur. Schmett., Noct. fig. 362 ;

C. # S. no. 2122.

Caradrina orbicularis, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 294.

Caradrina venosa, ButL Ent. Mo. Mag. xvii, p. 7 ; C. 8f S. no. 2115.
Spodoptera cilium, Guen. Noct. i, p. 156 ; C. fy S. no. 2117.
Spodoptera insulsa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 648.
Spodoptera erica, ButL P. Z. S. 1880, p. 675.
Laphygma cycloides, Guen. Noct. i, p. 157.
Laphygma macra, Guen. Noct. i, p. 157.
Laphygma ? caradrinoides, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 190.
Caradrina flavimaculata, Harvey, Grote, Neiv Check-list, p. 30.
Caradrina insignata, C. 8f S. no. 2112 (nee Wlk.)

Pale ochreous brown. Pore wing with the subbasal, ante- and
postmedial double lines indistinct ; the orbicular small and round,
pale or ochreous ; the reniform usually less prominent, with
ochreous or dark centre ; the submargiual line pale, angled below
the costa, and with some slight dark streaks before it at middle ; a

s2

260

marginal series of dark specks. Hind wing semihyaline opalescent
white ; the veins and outer margin tinged with fuscous.

The form cilium from Java has rather shorter wings.

Hob. Europe ; S. Africa ; N. and S. America ; throughout the
Oriental region ; Honolulu. Exp. 26-32 millim.

1856. Caradrina kadenii, Freyer, Beitr. Schmett. ii, p. 147, pi. 186

(1836).

Caradrina himaleyica, Kott. HugeTs Kaschmir, iv, p. 479.
Caradrina flavirena, Guen. Noct. i, p. 250.
Caradrina proxima, Rambur, Lep. And. pi. 18, fig. 7.
Caradrina arenacea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 349 ; C. $ S. no. 2105.
Caradrina farinacea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 411 ; C. $ S.

no. 2110 B.

Head, thorax, and fore wing grey, the last crossed by six evenly
waved indistinct lines ; three black specks on middle of costa ;
reniform prominent and fuscous or brownish ; the submarginal
line with a brown and ochreous tinge. Hind wing pure white or
with a fuscous tinge.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Urnballa. Exp. 34 millim.

1857. Caradrina bremusa, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 451 ; C. $ S.

no. 2107.

Differs from Tcadenii in the subbasal and antemedial lines of fore
wing being dark ; the reniform smaller, less prominent, and
indented on inner edge ; the postmedial line reduced to a series of
specks ; the outer area more suffused ; the submarginal line not
brown and ochreous. Hind wing fuscous white.

Hob. Poona; Nilgiris. Exp. 30 millim.

1858. Caradrina comscantis, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1885, p. 348,

pi. 9, fig. 3 j C. 8f S. no. 2004.

5 . Differs from kaclenii in being browner ochreous. Fore
wing irrorated with dark specks, the lines very indistinct ; the reni-
form obsolete ; series of dark specks on costa and outer margin ;
the submarginal line dark and diffused. Hind wing ochreous
white, with traces of a postmedial line ; the outer area suffused
with fuscous.

Hob. Chaman, S. Afghanistan. Exp. 33 millim,

1859. Caradrina quadripunctata, Fair. Syst. Ent. p. 594 ; C. # S.

no. 2108.

Noctua grisea, Rott. Naturf. ix, p. 138.
Phaleena clavipalpis, Scop. Ent. Cam. p. 213.
Noctua cubicularis, Schiff. Wien. Verz. p. 72.
Noctua segetum, Esp. Eur. Schmett. iv, pi. 1 50, figs. 4, 5.
Caradrina laciniosa, Donz. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1847, p. 529, pi. 8,

fig. 4.

Caradrina grisea, Eversm. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1848, ii, p. 215.
Caradrina congesta, Led. Verb, zool.-bot. Ver. Wien, 1853, p. 372.
Caradrina menetriesii, Kretschmar, Berl. ent. Zeits. 1863, p. 432.
Caradrina cubicularis, var. cinerascens, Tengstrom, Cat. p. 309.

CABADRiNA. 261

Caradrina hiigeli, Feld. Eeis. Nov. pi. 109, fig. 13: C. & S.

no. 2111.
Caradrina belucha, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1885, p. 348, pi. 9,

fig. 2 ; C.$S. no. 2106.
Kadinacra placida, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 30 ; C. # /S. no. 1965.

Differs from Icadenii in being pale ochreous. Fore wing with

the waved lines more prominent ;
the reniform smaller ; a series of
dark streaks on costal half of
submarginal line. Hind wing
pure white, with slight dark mar-
gin.

Hob. Europe; S. Africa;

Fig. \M. -Caradrina quadri- Quetta ;- Bengal ; Ceylon. Escp.
punctata, <$ . \. 30 millim.

1860. Caradrina delecta, Moore,P.Z.S. 1881, p. 349, pi. 38, fig. 15;

C. $ S. no. 2109.

c? . Differs from quadripunctata in the transverse lines of the
fore wing being darker ; the orbicular and reniform black, with
reticulated markings of the ground-colour ; the submarginal ochre-
ous and brown line straight.

A specimen from Umballa is more ochreous.

Hob. Umballa ; Sikhim. Exp. 33 millim.

1861. Caradrina obtusa, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 79, pi. 145, fig. 6.

Brownish ochreous. Fore wing with faint traces of subbasal,
antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal waved lines ; a faint dark
spot at lower angle of cell. Hind wing pure white.

Hob. Ganjam ; Nilgiris ; Bemardmyo, Burma. Krp.t <$ 25,
2 28 millim.

1862. Caradrina sincera, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 411.

£ . Brownish ochreous. Fore wing with very faint traces of
ante- and postmedial waved lines, and dark spot at lower angle of
cell. Hind wing paler. Underside without markings.

Hab. Simla. Exp. 36 millim.

1863. Caradrina uniformis, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1885, p. 350, pi. 9,

fig. 6 j C.$S. no. 1919.

Differs from sincera in the palpi not being black at sides. Fore
wing with a faint submarginal pale line slightly angled below the
costa ; no spot at lower angle of cell. Hind wing semihyaline
white, with an ochreous tinge.

J/ah. Quetta. Exp. 32 millim.

1864. Caradrina intaminata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 698; Hmpsn. III.

Het. viii, pi. 143, fig. 5 ; C. $ S. no. 1990.

Head and thorax grey, irrorated with black scales : palpi black

262 NOCTTJID^E.

at sides ; abdomen fuscous ; tarsi black, tinged with white. Fore
wing grey, irrorated with black ; the subbasal and antemedial lines
single, oblique, and arising from black patches on costa ; the orbi-
cular and reniforin small black spots ; a broad diffused medial black
band angled on median nervure ; the postmedial line minutely
dentate ; the submarginal irregularly waved line arising from a
large blackish patch on costa ; a series of marginal black specks.
Hind wing semihyaline white, the veins and outer margin tinged
with fuscous.

Hah. Nilgiris. Exj>. 35-38 millim.

1865. Caradrina bicornis, Hmpm. Ill Set. viii, p. 77, pi. 145, fig. 18.

Silvery grey. Fore wing with the subbasal, ante- and post-
medial lines very indistinct ; the orbicular and reniform taking the
shape of black lunules, the former turned towards the costa, the
latter towards outer margin and sometimes with dark specks above
them on the costa ; the orbicular sometimes obsolete ; a nearly
straight pale submarginal line. Hind wing opalescent white, with
more or less fuscous on outer margin.

Hob. Nilgiri plateau. Ex-p. 30 millim.

1866. Caradrina thwaitesi, Moore, Lep. Cei/l iii, p. 61, pi. 151, fig. 2 ;

C. $ S. no. 2227.

Pale brown ; head and thorax marked with black. Fore wing
pale brown, irrorated and blotched with black ; the subbasal line
obscured by black blotches ; the ante- and postmedial double lines
reduced to series of striae, the latter with diffused black inside it ;
reniform black and ill-defined ; a broad submarginal waved black
band from costa to vein 4 ; a marginal series of prominent black
spots. Hind wing dark fuscous. Underside of hind wing with
cell-spot and postmedial line.

Some specimens have the fore wing more variegated with chest-
nut and dark brown ; the orbicular and reniform fuscous ; the
apical part of the submarginal band forming a prominent black
patch.

Hob. Ganjam ; Ceylon. Exp. 30 millim.

1867. Caradrina transversa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 95, pi. 4, fig. 5 ;
C. 8f S. no. 1648.

c? . Head and thorax clothed with black-brown and white scales ;
abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wing clothed with black-brown
and white scales ; traces of dark double ante- and postmedial lines,
the latter excurved beyond the cell ; the orbicular and reniform
very indistinct, a submarginal band formed of ill-defined black-
brown streaks and blotches. Hind wing fuscous brown.

Hob. Sikhim ; Nagas. Escp. 32 millim.

CAEADEINA. 263

1868. Caradrina postfusca, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 95, pi. 1G2, fig. 8.

d1. Head and thorax fuscous brown, the scales tipped with
white ; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing dark fuscous, irrorated with
silvery-grey scales ; a large black spot in end of cell ; traces of
double waved ante- and postmedial lines, and a single submarginal
line with some black streaks on it towards apex, and white on it
above middle and towards outer angle. Hind wing greyish fuscous,
with a broad ill-defined marginal band.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 30 millim.

1869. Caradrina ochreipuncta, n. sp.

Head and thorax dark grey-brown ; abdomen yellowish brown.
Fore wing dark grey-brown, with a slight purplish tinge; the
subbasal, antemedial, and submarginal sinuous lines and postmedial
crenulate line indistinct ; the orbicular represented by a dark speck,
the reniform by an ochreous spot ; three ochreous specks on costa
towards apex. Hind wing pale fuscous ; underside with cell-spot
and postmedial line.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp., $ 40, $ 42 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

1870. Caradrina rufescens, n. sp.

d1 • Head, thorax, and fore wing ferruginous red, irrorated with
black. Fore wing with indistinct double waved ante- and post-
medial lines, the latter excurved beyond the cell ; a dark dentate
medial line ; the orbicular and reniform indistinct ; an indistinct
irregularly dentate submarginal line. Abdomen and hind wing
fuscous, the latter with the cilia white and fuscous.

Hab. Granjam (Mitwhin). Exp. 26 millim. Type in coll.
Elwes.

1871. Caradrina fur tiva, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 448; C. $ S.

no. 1713.

c? . Head and thorax greyish brown ; abdomen with an ochreous
tinge. Fore wing grey-brown, slightly suffused with ochreous ;
the veins streaked with black ; the orbicular and reniform grey on
a blackish patch ; cilia streaked with white. Hind wing pale
fuscous.

Hab. Poona. Exp. 24 millim.

1872. Caradrina picta, Swinh. MS.

Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with dark and white scales,
the first segment of abdomen with a dorsal tuft of metallic black
scales. Fore wing bright chestnut-red, suffused with white scales ;
indistinct ante- and postmedial waved dark lines ; a lunule at end
of cell, beyond which is a patch without white scales ; red apical
and subapical marks. Hind wing brown, with an indistinct large

264

dark cell-spot ; a greyish patch at anal angle, on which is an orange
and dark mark. Underside pale, with large dark cell-spot to each
wing, very prominent on hind wing ; a diffused postmedial rufous
band.

Hob. Chekiang, China ; Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 28 millim.
Type in B. M.

1873. Caradrina ochreimargo, n. sp.

$ . Head and thorax pale dusky reddish ; abdomen fuscous, with
ochreous anal tuft. Fore wing pale dusky reddish, with obliquely
sinuous antemedial line ; the orbicular a small pale spot ; reni-
form pale with dark' centre, and crossed by an indistinct medial
line angled at lower end of cell ; an excurved minutely dentate
postmedial line ; traces of an irregularly sinuous subrnarginal line ;
a fuscous patch at centre of outer margin ; a marginal series of
black specks. Hind wing fuscous, the outer area darkest ; the
margin and cilia bright ochreous. Underside of fore wing fuscous,
with broad ochreous margin ; hind wing ochreous, with fuscous
postmedial line, the area beyond it towards anal angle fuscous.

Hub. Sikhim (Ehves). Exp. 40 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

b. Antennae bipectinated in male.

1874. Caradrina pectinata, n. sp.

cJ . Pale ochreous. Fore wing with indistinct waved subbasal,
ante- and postmedial lines ; the orbicular and reniform barely
traceable ; an irregularly dentate indistinct submarginal line.
Hind wing white, the margin slenderly fuscous.

Hob. Nagas, 1500 feet (Doherty). Krp. 28 millim. Type in coll.
Elwes.

B. (Leucocosmia). Male with a deft corneous ridge clothed with scales
on vertex of head ; abdomen clothed ivith ivoolly pile ; build stout.

1 875. Caradrina reclusa, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 185.
Radinacra thoracica, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 31, pi. 148, fig. 4 ;

C. $ S. no. 1967.
Leucocosmia ceres, Butl Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 394, pi. ix,

sg. 10.
Caradrina euthusa, Hmpsn. 111. Het. viii. p. 79, pi. 145, fig. 1.

$ . Pale chestnut-brown. Pore wing with very faint traces of
the usual markings ; a prominent ochreous postmedial line slightly
curved from the costa to vein 2, and not waved. Hind wing paler.

c5 . With the collar and abdomen black ; the 2nd joint of palpi
black. Pore wing with the basal area clothed with ochreous hair ;
hind wing with the base yellowish ; some specimens have a black
speck in cell of fore wing and series of specks on the postmedial
line and margin.

Hob. Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Borneo ; Piji. Exp. 30-34 millim.

CAEADETNA. 265

SECT. II. Palpi with the 3rd joint somewhat longer.
A. (Kadinacra). Antennae of male minutely ciliated.

1876. Caradrina externa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 715 ; C. $ & nos. 1915

& 2\.\.(j A.

Dark greyish fuscous. Fore wing with traces of waved sub-
basal, antemedial, and medial lines ; the orbicular and reniform
very indistinct ; traces of a waved postmedial line with a series of
specks on it ; a more prominent nearly straight submarginal line.
Hind wing paler. Underside with a postmedial line to both wings ;
hind wing with a cell-spot.

ffab. Dharmsala ; Punjab ; Sikhim. Exp. 28-34 millim.

1877. Caradrina lineosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 849 ; C. $ S. no. 2116.
Graphiphora stellate, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 119 j C. $ S. no. 2018.

Greyish brown. Fore wing with the veins darker; prominent
slightly waved subbasal and antemedial dark lines ; a medial line
angled at lower end of cell ; a nearly straight postmedial line ; a
waved submarginal line; the orbicular represented by a dark
speck, the reniform by a white spot with a speck above it. Under-
side with slight lunule at end of cell and postmedial line to both
wings.

Anal tuft in one Japanese male ochreous white.

Hob. Japan ; Kulii ; Punjab. Exp., <* 32, $ 47 millim.

1878. Caradrina renalis, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 30, pi. 147, fig. 4a;

C. 8f S. no. 1966.

$ . Greyish fuscous. Fore wTing with indistinct waved sub-
basal, antemedial, postmedial, and irregular submarginal line; a
white speck near base of cell; the orbicular a black ochreous-
ringed speck; the reniform an ochreous spot with white specks
above and below it ; a marginal series of white specks. Hind
wing pale, suffused with fuscous ; underside with cell-spot and
postmedial line.

Hob. JSTilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 26 millim.

1879. Caradrina divisa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 123 ; C. # S. no. 1792.

Dark brown, with golden reflections. Fore wing with a sub-
basal pale line; an antemedial oblique line; the orbicular anil
reniform large with pale edges ; the postmedial line excurved
beyond the cell ; the submarginal line ochreous and nearly straight ;
a marginal series of dark specks. Hind wing fuscous ; underside
with faint cell-spot and postmedial line.

Jfab. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exp. 30 millim.

266

1880. Caradrina opacaria, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 264, pi. 8,

fig. a

Head, thorax, and fore wing bright red-brown, the last with
waved subbasal and anteinedial lines ; the orbicular and reniform
small, pale, and indistinct ; a medial diffused line ; a postrnedial
line bent outwards beyond the cell, with slight specks on the veins
beyond it ; an irregularly waved submarginal line. Abdomen and
hind wing pale ; the latter with the outer margin darker.

Hob. Eangoon. Step., <3 30, $ 35 millim.

1881. Caradrina variana, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1886. p. 444, pi. 40. fig. 10 ;
C. $ S. no. 19(38.

$ . Grey-brown. Fore wing with a subbasal short dark line ;
a waved antemedial line ; an indistinct diffused medial band ; very
indistinct waved postmedial and submarginal lines. Hind wing
pale.

Hob. Mhow. Exp. 26 millim.

1882. Caradrina cervina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 348, pi. 38, fig. 12 ;

C. $ S. no. 2089.

2 . Golden brown. Fore wing with indistinct subbasal waved
line ; an antemedial oblique line angled below the costa ; the
orbicular and reniform small and indistinct, the latter with slight
ochreous outline ; a medial diffused line angled at median nervure;
a postmedial line excurved beyond the cell ; a slight sinuous sub-
marginal ochreous line. Hind wing fuscous ; underside with cell-
spot and curved postmedial line.

Nab. Sikhim. Exp. 30 millim.

1883. Caradrina castaneipars, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 122; C. fy S.

no. 1920.

Head, thorax, and fore wing dark purplish chestnut ; the last
with traces of ante- and postmedial waved lines and medial baud
excurved to end of cell ; cilia pinkish. Abdomen and hind wing
pale, with an ochreous fuscous tinge ; underside with speck at end
of cell ; both wings with traces of a postmedial line.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 30 miDim.

1884. Caradrina melanosticta, Hmpm. III. Set. viii, p. 79, pi. 145,

fig. 13.

S • Dull brown. Fore wing irrorated with a few black scales ;
indistinct waved subbasal and antemedial black lines ; a post-
medial line excurved beyond the cell, dentate on vein 2 and with
a black speck beyond it above vein 1 ; three subapical black specks

CAEADEINA. 267

and a marginal series of minute specks. Hind wing paler ; the
underside with a postmedial line.

Hob. Nilgiri plateau. Exp. 28 millim.

B. (Dyrzela). Antenna of male lipectinate with short branches ;
fasciculate in female.

1885. Caradrina bosca, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 266.

Dull brown. Fore wing with very indistinct obliquely curved
antemedial and medial waved lines, and waved erect postmedial
line with a black spot beyond it below the costa ; a marginal series
of black specks. Hind wing fuscous brown ; underside with
indistinct cell-spot and waved submarginal line.

Hob. .Rangoon ; Bassein ; Bharno. Exp. 34 millini.

1886. Caradrina plagiata, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1758; C. fy S. no. 1877.
Oglasa costipannosa, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 266.
Oglasa costiplaga, Sioinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 153.

Pale reddish grey-brown. Fore wing with large chocolate
sub-semicircular costal patch with pale edges before apex ;
oblique indistinct sinuous antemedial and medial lines ; some
black specks between the patch and inner margin ; a pale curved
submarginal line ; a marginal series of black specks. Hind
wing fuscous brown ; underside with distinct cell-spot and post-
medial line.

Hob. Moulmein ; Rangoon. Exp. 28-32 millim.

SECT. III. Male with the claspers clothed with long hair.

A. Palpi with the 3rd joint minute; antennae of male minutely
ciliated.

1887. Caradrina fasciata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 54 ; C. $ S. no. 2011.
Graphiphora inlerstincta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 118; C. fy S.
no. 2014.

Red-brown, with an ochreous or greyish tinge; pectus and palpi
blackish. Fore wing with subbasal and antemedial waved lines ;
orbicular small, dark, and round, or obsolete ; a diffused curved
medial line ; reniform chestnut, with white specks on its outer
edge; postmedial line curved and with a series of specks beyond
it ; an irregularly waved submarginal pale line ; a marginal series
of specks. Hind wing fuscous brown. Underside of hind wing
with a cell-spot and broad fuscous marginal band.

The form interstincta is redder chestnut.

Hob. Sikhini ; Bombay. Exp.^ <3 34, $ 37 millim.

268 TTOCTUID.&.

B. (Vapara). Palpi with the 3rd joint long ; antennae of male
fasciculate.

1888. Caradrina mus, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 77, pi. 145, fig. 9.

Greyish fuscous ; palpi dark at sides. Fore wing with very
indistinct subbasal line ; a slightly oblique straight autemedial
line ; traces of a chestnut reniform stigma ; the postmedial line
curved and slightly lunulate ; the irregularly waved submarginal
line indistinct. Underside of fore wing with the outer area
greyish ; hind wing greyish, with prominent cell-spot and post-
medial line.

Hob. Nilgiri plateau. Exp. 30 millim.

1889. Caradrina indistincta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 163; id. Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 159, fig. 7 ; C. 8? S. no. 2359.

Head and collar chestnut ; thorax brownish ochreous ; abdomen
fuscous. Fore wing brownish ochreous, with traces of transverse
lines ; the orbicular sometimes represented by a dark speck ;
reniform with some dark specks round it ; an indistinct submar-
ginal line, with some dark diffused marks on each side of it near
apex ; a marginal series of black specks. Hind wing fuscous ;
underside with cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hftb. Sikhim ; Mlgiris ; Ceylon; E.Pegu. Exp. 40-42 millim.

Genus TATHORHYNCHUS, nov.

Type, T. vinctale, Wlk.

Range. Aden ; throughout Peninsular India ; Australia.

Differs from Caradrina in the palpi having a long porrect tuft
of hair on the second joint produced to a point ; antennae fascicu-
lated ; thorax and abdomen slender ; legs much longer. Fore
wing longer and narrower. Hind wing more ample.

1890. Tathorhynchus vinctale, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1476 ; C. $ S.

no. 4160.

Head and thorax grey ; abdo-
men whitish. Fore wing whitish,
thickly irrorated and suffused with
grey-brown ; the outer area brown-
ish ; the orbicular represented by
an ochreous speck, the reniform
by a white speck ; traces of a sub-
marginal series of grey and fuscous
Fig. 148. lunules and marginal series of dark

Tathorhynchus vinctale, 3. }. luniues. Hind wing pale fuscous,

darkest towards outer margin.

Jfab. Aden ; Campbellpur ; Coimbatore ; Australia. Exp. 34
millim.

LEUCANIA. 269

Genus LEUCANIA.

Leucania, Ochs. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 81 (1816).
Donachlora, Sodoffsky, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1837, p. 14.
Aletia, Hilbn. Verz. p. 239 (1818).
Hyphilara, Hiibn. Verz. p. 239.
Bcrolia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 334.

Type, L. comma, Lion., from the Palaearctic region.

Range. Universally distributed, except the Australian region.

Palpi obliquely upturned, the 2nd joint roughly scaled, the 3rd
prominent, short, naked, and depressed; proboscis fully formed;
eyes hairy; antennae minutely ciliated in male; head not deeply
retracted into the thorax, which is smoothly scaled ; abdomen with
scarcely a trace of dorsal tufts on basal segments ; tibiae and tarsi
clothed with short hair. Fore wing with veins 8 and 9 anasto-
mosing to form the areole, vein 7 being given off from the end of
it, 10 from before the end.

A . Fore wing with a prominent, short, white [.-mark or strealc on
median nervure.

a. Males with large areas of metallic scales on the underside of wings,
and large paired tufts of black hairs on the basal segment of
abdomen beloiu.

1891. Leucania decisissima, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 624; Butl. III. Het.

vi, pi. 109, fig. 9 ; C. # S. no. 1667.
Leucania nareda, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 109, fig. 9.
Leucania lanceata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 340; C. $ S. no. 1678.
Leucania pulchra, Knell. Midd.-Sum., Lep. iv. p. 41, pi. 4, figs. 3, 4.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen reddish ochreous, the last
suffused with fuscous. Fore wing ochreous, the veins outlined by
rufous streaks, especially those limiting the cell ; a white L-mark
on median nervure with a black speck inside it ; a pale oblique

Fig. 149. — Leucania decisissima, <$ . ]•.

fascia from the apex outlined by dark suffusion ; antemedial, post-
medial, and marginal series of black specks, the first two curved
and the first obsolescent. Hind wing ochreous, suffused with
fuscous, especially on outer area. Underside with the disk of fore

270 NOCTTJIDJE.

wing and whole of hind wing except the costa and inner margin
clothed with golden-silvery scales ; costa of fore wing with a post-
medial black spot.

$ . "With more fuscous suffusion on the fore wing, especially in
the cell and on each side of the apical streak. Underside without
silvery areas ; hind wing with a black cell-spot and postmedial
series of specks.

Hob. Sikhim; Assam; Nilgiris ; Ceylon; Andamans ; Sumatra.
Exp. 3L millim.

1892. Leucania hamifera, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 179 • C. fy S.

no. 1676.

Leucania subnitens, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 218, pi. vii,
fig. 1.

Differs from decisissima in being paler ; the whole cell of fore
wing filled in with rufous ; the ante- and postmedial series of
specks absent and the marginal series minute. Hind wing much
paler. Underside with no costal spot on fore wing.

Hob. Sylhet ; Bhamo ; Borneo ; Java. Exp. 38 millim.

1893. Leucania inframicans, Hmpm. III. Het. ix, p. 90, pi. 161, fig. 2.

d1 • Differs from decisissima in the head, thorax, and fore wing
being grey with a pinkish tinge without trace of ochreous. Fore
wing with the suffusion in the cell and outlining the apical
streak olive-brown ; the L-mark very prominent ; veins 3 and 4
streaked with white, and with black streaks above them ; some
blackish streaks above inner margin ; cilia intersected with white ;
no series of black specks. Hind wing white ; the central outer area
suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Pundaloya, Ceylon. Exp. 38 millim.

b. Males without silver areas or black tuft on underside.

1894. Leucania rufistrigosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 337 ; C. $ S.

no. 1691.

Leucania rufescens, Moore, Lep. AtJc. p. 102 ; C. 8f 8. no. 1690.
Leucania dharma, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 338, pi. 37, fig. 17 ;

C. 8? S. no. 1670.

Differs from decisissima in being more suffused with rufous on the
upperside and the underside of male being marked as in the female
of that species.

A much greyer form is found on the Khasis.

Hob. Dharrnsala ; Umballa ; Sikhim. Exp. 34 millim.

1895. Leucania 1-album, Linn. Syst. Nat. xii, p. 850 ; Hubn. Samml.

eur. Schmett. iv, fig. 227.
Leucania penicillata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 335 ; C. 8f S.

Leucania bistrigata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 334; C. fy S.
no. 1660.

LEFCAFIA. 271

Differs from inframicans in being darker ; the abdomen fuscous ;
hind wing dark fuscous ; cilia of both wings with fine pale and
dark lines through them. Underside of male without the silvery
areas and with a cell-spot and postmedial series of specks to hind
wing.

Hob. Europe; N.W. Himalayas; Sikhim; Burma; Nilgtris.
Exp. 37 millim.

1896. Lencania vittata, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii. p. 69, pi. 144, fig. 4.

c? . Ochreous white. Fore wing with red-brown suffusion in
and beyond the cell and beyond the apical oblique fascia ; a con-
spicuous black streak from the base below the median nervure ;
the white streak on median nervure short, broad, and edged with
black ; the veins of outer area streaked with white ; some black
beyond lower portion of the apical fascia ; a marginal series of
black specks ; cilia intersected with white. Hind wing with the
outer area suffused with fuscous. Underside pale ochreous ; the
fore wing suffused with fuscous, except the inner area and veins of
outer area ; hind wing with the costal and outer areas suffused
with fuscous.

Hob. Nilgiris. Exp. 37 millim.

B. Fore wing with the white streak on median nervure long and
narroiv, reduced to a point or obsolete.

a. Fore wing witli the ground-colour ochreous.

1897. Lencania vana, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 453, pi. 27, fig. 9;

C. 8f S. no. 2003.

cJ . Pale ochreous ; palpi black at sides ; vertex of thorax with
a black patch centred with red-brown. Fore wings with the veins
pale-streaked ; a black mark on lobe of inner margin ; a broad
black fascia below median nervure from base to vein 2 ; black
patches beyond the cell betwen veins 2, 3 and 4, 6; a black
spot at centre of cell ; apical streak prominent, with diffused
fuscous on each side of it, and with black spots beyond it ; cilia
pinkish. Hind wing ochreous white. Underside immaculate.

Hob. Poona. Exp. 28 inillim.

1898. Leucania howra, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 337, pi. 37, tig. 16 ;

C. $ S. no. 1677.

Leucania basilinea, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 220, pi. vii,
tig. 6.

3 . Head and thorax brownish ochreous ; abdomen white.
Fore wing brownish ochreous ; a prominent black-brown fascia
below median nervure from the base to origin of vein 2 ; a slight
white streak on median nervure; slight brown streaks in inter-

272

spaces of outer area. Hind wing pure white. Underside imma-
culate.

Hab. Calcutta ; Bhamo, Burma. Exp. 34 millim.

1899. Leucania subsignata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881. p. 336 : C. & S

no. 1694.

c? . Differs from rufistrigosa in the fore wing being shorter and
squarer, with no white streak on median nervure ; the hind wing
only suffused with fuscous on central outer area. Underside with
the postmedial line obsolete on fore wing and replaced by a series
of specks on hind wing ; no marginal series of specks.
Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Poona. Exp. 26 millim.

1900. Leucania compta, Mcore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 336, pi. 37, fig. 8 ;

C. fy S. no. 1664.
Leucania canaraica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 339; C. $ S.

no. 1662.

Leucania nefasta, Swinh. Trins. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 219.
Leucania stramen, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii. p. 68, pi. 144, fig. 2.

c? • Pale ochreous. Fore wing with slightly darker streaks in
the interspaces ; the white streak on median nervure narrow ;
indistinct postmedial and marginal series of black specks. Hind
wing pure white and semihyaline ; the apical portion of outer
margin tinged with fuscous. Underside of fore wing with post-
medial costal spot and fuscous suffusion beyond end of cell ; hind
wing with the costal area ochreous, irrorated with dark scales.

$ . The ante- and postmedial series of specks on fore wing
obsolete ; apex of hind wing without fuscous suffusion ; underside
without fuscous suffusion or costal speck.

One specimen from the Nagas has darker hind wings.

Hab. Nagas ; Ganjam ; Cauara ; Ceylon ; Nilgiris ; Bhamo ;
Rangoon. Exp. 28 millim.

1901. Leucania homopterana, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 219,

pi. vii, fig. 12.

<$ . Whitish ochreous. Fore wing with the apex rounded ; the
veins pale-streaked ; the interspaces with fine red-brown streaks ;
the white streak on median nervure long and narrow. Hind wing
white, with some fuscous suffusion on outer margin. Underside
without cell-spot or postmedial series of specks to either wing.

Hab. Rangoon. Exp. 28 millim.

1902. Leucania byssina, Sivinh. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 442, pi. 40, fig. 6;

C. $ S. no. 1661.

$ . Head, thorax, and fore wing ochreous white, irrorated with
dark scales. Fore wing with a black speck at lower angle of cell
and postmedial and marginal series of specks, the former curved.
Hind wing pure white. Underside immaculate.
Hab. Mhow. Exp. 28 millim.

LEUCANIA. 273

1903. Leucania abdominalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 338 ; C. $ S.

no. 1656.

Whitish ochreous. Fore wing with the veins indistinctly pale-
streaked ; the streak on median nervure long, narrow, and
indistinct ; the dark suffusion below median nervure and outlining
the apical fascia narrow and often slight ; an indistinct postmedial
curved series of dark specks, and in some specimens a marginal
series. Hind wing white suffused with fuscous. Underside grey
irrorated with dark scales ; fore wing with the disk fuscous ; a
postmedial spot on costa ; hind wing with cell-spot and postmedial
series of specks.

Hob. Dharmsala ; Khandala ; Bengal. Exp. 39 millim.

1904. Leucania sinuosa, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 102 ; C. fy S. no. 1693.

Head and thorax ochreous white ; abdomen fuscous, ochreous at
extremity. Pore wing ochreous white; a diffused dark brown
streak along median nervure, expanding from beyond end of cell to
the outer margin below apex ; a black spot at centre of cell ; a
white streak on median nervure expanding into a spot at the angle
of cell, often disconnected from the streak ; denticulate ante- and
postmedial curved black lines ; a series of dark marginal and cilial
spots. Hind wing dark fuscous. Underside with postmedial and
marginal series of black specks ; hind wing with a prominent cell-
spot.

One specimen from E. Pegu is slightly redder ; the dark orbicular
and reniform stigmata larger ; the ante- and postmedial sinuous
lines much less prominent.

Hcib. Dharmsala ; Sikhim ; E. Pegu. Exp. 38 millim.

1905. Leucania denticula, Hmpsn. Ill Set. ix, p. 90, pi. 161, fig. 10.

5 . Differs from sinuosa in wanting the dark brown fascia below-
median nervure of fore wing and beyond the cell, so that the dark
quadrate reniform stands out as conspicuously as the orbicular ;
the white on median nervure almost obsolete.

Hob. Ceylon. E.rp. 44 millim.

1906. Leucania exempta, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 710 ; C. $ S. no. 1671.
Leucania costalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 603, pi. 59, fig. 11 ;

C. $ S. no. 1666.

£ . Differs from denticula in the reniform stigma being rufous ;
the ante- and postmedial lines less prominent ; the hind wing
paler.

ffab. Sikhim ; Malabar ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Andamans. Exp.
38 millim.

1907. Leucania v-album, Hmpsn. III. Net. viii, p. 69, pi. 144,fig. 10.
Differs from sinuosa in the fore wing being slightly suffused

VOL. II. T

274 NOCTULD.E.

with ferruginous in parts ; a short dark streak on median nervure
from the base ; the area in, beyond, and above end of cell suffused
with dark brown, disconnected from the dark mark on margin below
apex, and enclosing the ochreous orbicular and reniform stigmata,
which are conjoined into a broad V-snaped mark ; the ante- and
postmedial lines waved and indistinct. Underside more uniformly
suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Nilgiris. Easp. 34 millirn.

b. Fore wing with the ground-colour broivnish ochreous
or olive-brown.

1908. Leucania nainica, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 337, pi. 37, fig. 15 ;

C. 8f S. no. 1682.
Leucania griseofasciata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 339 j C. 8f S.

no. 1675.

Leucania percisa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 410.
Leucania commoides, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 8 (nee GuenS).
Leucania irrorata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 409.

Differs from abdominalis in being more or less irrorated with
fuscous ; the apical fascia of fore wing almost obsolete and only
extending to vein 5.

The form nainica = griseofasciata has an olive-brown tinge ; the
hind wing and underside dark fuscous, whilst per cisa= irrorata
is paler and ochreous.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Khasis. Exp. 39 millim.

1909. Leucania semiusta, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 69, pi. 144, fig. 17.

2 • Fore wing more acute at apex ; whitish, with a slight
ochreous-brown tinge. Fore wing irrorated with dark scales ; a
large brick-red and fuscous diffused patch on centre of disk, with
traces of the pale orbicular and reniform stigmata on it and con-
joined to a fuscous patch on outer margin below the apex. Hind
wing smoky black, the costa, inner area, and cilia whitish.

One specimen has the fore wing without markings ; the underside
of hind wing with large cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hab. Nilgiris. Exp. 38 millim.

1910. Leucania modesta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 335, pi. 37, fig. 11 ;

C. 4- S. no. 1681.

Differs from semiusta in the diffused dark patches of the fore
wing being slightly developed : some specimens have a black speck
at end of cell and an indistinct sinuous postmedial line ; both wings
with a marginal series of black specks. Underside with ceU-spot
to hind wing and postmedial line on both wings.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 44 millim.

1911. Leucania loreyi, Dup. Lep. France, iv, p. 81, pi. 105, fig. 7 ;

C. $ 8. no. 1680.
Leucania exsanguis, Guen. Noct. i, p. 83 ; C. fy S. no. 1672.

LEUCANIA. 275

Leucania exterior, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 106 ; C. 8? S. no. 1673.
Leucania designata, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 107 ; C. Sf S. no. 1669.
Leucania tenebrifera, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 113.
Leucania collects, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 105 ; C. $ S. no. 1663.
Leucania denotata, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 107 : C. $ S. no. 1668
Leucania thoracica, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 106 ; C. 8f S. no. 1696.
Leucania albistigma, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 337, pi. 37, fig. 9 ;
C. 8f S. no. 1659.

Ochreous. Fore wing with a dark or red-brown suffusion on
median nervure and outlining the obscure apical fascia ; a post-
medial curved series of specks ; a white speck at lower angle of
cell. Hind wing seinihyaline white. Underside immaculate.
Some specimens have the head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing
smoky brown, irrorated with dark specks ; hind wing with some
fuscous on outer margin.

Hab. Europe; throughout India, Burma, and Ceylon. Exp.
34-42 millim.

1912. Leucania fragilis, Butl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 160; C. $ S. no. 2005.

Grey-brown. Fore wing with indistinct waved ante- and post-
medial lines, the latter carved ; a white speck at lower angle of
cell. Hind wing pale with a slight brown tinge.

A specimen from the Chindwara district is darker than typical
specimens ; the larva there does much damage to wheat.

Hab. Simla ; Dharmsala ; Chindwara district, Central Provinces.
Exp. 30-32 millim.

c. Fore wing with the ground-colour pale brown, brick-red, or
yellowish ; orbicular and reniform stigmata traceable.

a'. Males without paired tufts on basal segment of abdomen below.

1913. Leucania unipuncta, Haw. Lep. Brit. p. 174 (1803).
Leucania extranea, Guen. Noct. i, p. 77, no. 104; C. fy S.

no. 1674.

Leucania antica, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 100.
Leucania convecta, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 711.
Leucania separata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 626.
Leucania adusta, Moore, P. Z. & 1881, p. 335 ; C. 8f S. no. 1657.
Leucania consimilis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 336, pi. 37, fig, 19

C. $ S. no. 1665.

Leucania trifolii, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1882, p. 114.
Leucania saccharivora, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1882, p. 115.

Pale brick -red or very pale brown and irrorated with dark
specks and blotches. Fore wing with slight traces of the orbicular
and reniform stigmata ; a minute white speck at lower angle of cell
with a black speck inside it ; fairly prominent postinedial and
marginal series of black specks, the former curved ; an indistinct
oblique dark apical streak. Hind wing pale suffused with fuscous,
in the red specimens less suffused towards base. Underside of

T 2

276 NOCTUIDJE.

hind wing sometimes with faint cell-spot and postmedial series of
specks.

Hob. Universally distributed. Exp. 44-50 millim.

1914. Leucania pallidicosta.

Leucania albicosta, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 97; C. 8f S. no. 1702
(prseocc.).

Differs from the red form of unipuncta in the vertex of head of
the costa of fore wing and veins of outer area being whitish.
Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Ceylon. Exp. 45 millim.

1915. Leucania fraterna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 410: Butl III

Het. vii, pi. 126, fig. 9.

c? . Differs from pallidicosta in the vertex of head and abdo-
men being rufous : fore wing without the postmedial series of specks
and apical streak. Underside uniformly suffused with rufous.

Hob. Dharmsala. Exp. 47 millim.

1916. Leucania angulifera, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 333; C. $ S.

no. 1703.

Eeddish ochreous. Fore wing with an antemedial dark line
oblique from costa to below cell, where it is acutely angled ;
reniform ochreous and ill defined ; a nearly straight oblique
dark postmedial line ; a slight marginal shade not reaching apex.
Hind wing dark fuscous. Underside with postmedial line to both
wings.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 34 millim.

1917. Leucania alMvitta, Hmpm. III. Het.viu, p. 68, pi. 144, fig. 16.

5 . Head and thorax reddish brown ; abdomen fuscous. Fore
wing red-brown ; indistinct curved ante- and postmedial waved
lines ; a short pure white streak on median nervure ; faint pale
orbicular and reniform stigmata. Hind wing fuscous. Under-
side with a marginal series of specks ; hind wing with prominent
cell-spot.

Hab. Nilgiris. Exp. 33 millim.

1918. Leucania rufipennis, n. sp.

(5 . Head and thorax pinkish red ; abdomen fuscous, the anal
tuft ochreous. Fore wing pinkish red, the veins white, the
median nervure and veins 3 and 4 prominently so ; a whitish
fascia from apex ; traces of a postmedial series of black specks.
Hind wing fuscous ; the cilia pinkish. Underside of fore wing
with the disk fuscous ; hind wing with cell-spot and postmedial
series of specks.

Hab. Manipur (Doherty}. Exp. 36 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

LEUCANIA. 277

1919. Leucania cinnamomea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 352, pi. 38,

fig. 17 ; C.$ S. no. 2032.

rf . Pale rufous. Fore wing with nearly straight ochreous and
rufous subbasal, antemeclial, postmedial, and submarginal lines, the
antemedial outwardly, the postmedial inwardly oblique ; the orbi-
cular and reniforin very large, with ochreous and rufous outlines,
the former oblique ; a diffused fuscous medial line ; a marginal series
of dark specks. Hind wing reddish fuscous; the margin and
cilia pale rufous. Underside of both wings with prominent cell-
spot and curved postmedial line.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 42 millim.

1920. Leucania nigrorenalis, n. sp.

$ . Head and thorax dirty grey ; palpi black at sides ; abdomen
fuscous. Tore wing brownish grey, irrorated with black ; a black
spot in cell ; a medial band from cell to inner margin ; an elongate
lunule at end of cell, with a large triangular fuscous patch beyond
the lower angle ; a sinuous submarginal pale line. Hind wing
pale fuscous ; underside with cell-spot and traces of postmedial
line.

Nab. Sikhim (Knyvett}. Exp. 40 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

b'. (Aletia.) Males with a pair of long tufts of hair from base of
abdomen on underside.

1921. Leucania distincta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 333, pi. 37, fig. 4 ;

C. $ S. no. 1705.

Aletia exanthemata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 410 ; Eutl III. Het.
vii, pi. 126, fig. 6.

Head and thorax reddish yellow, irrorated with black specks ;
collar with a dark line ; abdomen pale with a reddish tinge, and
blackish dorsal spot on first segment ; the tufts on underside black in
male. Fore wing bright yellow, irrorated and suffused with rufous
and a few black scales ; indistinct ante- and postmedial curved lines ;
orbicular and reniform stigmata yellow and fairly well-marked ;
a slight white streak on median nervure at end of cell ; a slight
dark apical streak; a marginal series of black specks. Hind
wing pale, suffused with fuscous. Underside pale with pinkish
suffusion ; a marginal series of specks ; fore wing with postmedial
spot on costa ; hind wing with cell-spot and postmedial series of
specks.

Hab. Dhannsala ; Sikhim. Exp. 38 millim.

1922. Leucania obscura, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 97; C. $ S. no. 1706.
Aletia rudis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 411 ; Bull. III. Het. vii.
pi. 126, figs. 7, 8 j C. 8f S. no. 1708.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dull brick-red, irrorated with
fuscous ; the anal tuft ochreous, the tufts on underside black
in male. Fore wing dull brick-red, irrorated with fuscous; a
white speck on a blackish spot at end of eel1, sometimes almost

278 NOCTUID^E.

obsolete ; traces of a postmedial series of specks and apical streak ;
veins of outer area slightly tinged with white. Hind wing pale
fuscous, palest at base. Underside of hind wing with cell-spot
and postmedial series of specks.

Hub. Simla ; Dharrasala ; Sikhim ; Ceylon ; Nagas ; E. Pegu.
Exp., cJ 40, $ 44 millim.

1923. Leucania corrugata, n. sp.

$ . Brownish grey. Pore wing slightly irrorated with dark
scales ; an antemedial series of black specks ; a pure white spot at
lower angle of cell, with an indistinct ochreous spot above it on a
reddish patch ; a crenulate postmedial line. Hind wing suffused
with fuscous ; the cilia whitish. Underside whitish, irrorated with
dark scales.

Bab. Simla (Harford). Exp. 40 millim. Type in B. M.

1924. Leucania reversa, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 6, pi. 144, fig. 5 ;

C. $ S. no. 1707.

Head and thorax pale browri ; abdomen pale. Fore wing grey-
brown, slightly suffused with red-brown ; an antemedial outwardly
oblique waved dark line ; orbicular and reniform stigmata pale and
fairly prominent ; a curved lunulate postmedial line ; a marginal
series of specks. Hind wing pale, suffused with fuscous on outer
area Underside with postmedial black costal spot to fore wing ;
both wings with lunulate postmedial line and marginal series of
specks.

Hob. Simla; Sikhim; Ganjam; Nilgiris; Ceylon; E. Pegu.
Exp., J 30, $ 38 millim.

1925. Leucania fasciata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 334, pi. 37, fig. 12 ;

C. 8f S. no. 1700.

Boroha furcifera, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 98, pi. 4, fig. 6 ; C. $ S.
no. 1701.

$ . Pale reddish brown. Fore wing with some reddish suffusion
along median nervure, and a short dark streak from the base below
it ; traces of an antemedial and a more pronounced curved double
series of postmedial specks ; faint traces of pale orbicular and
reniform stigmata ; a marginal series of specks. Hind wing dark
fuscous ; underside with cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 40 millim.

d. Fore wing with the ground-colour brown ; reniform
and orbicular stigmata absent.

1926. Leucania rufula, n. sp.

Dark red-brown ; fore wing with the veins pale-streaked ; an
indistinct curved postmedial series of specks ; an obscure apical
streak ; hind wing fuscous.

Hab. Shillong. Exp. 37 millim. Type in B. M.

LEUCANIA.. 279

1927. Leucania nigrofasciata, n. sp.

cJ. Pale brown. Eore wing with a prominent black streak
from base below median nervure ; the veins pale ; dark streaks in
the interspaces. towards outer margin; costa grey, speckled with
black. Hmd wing fuscous. Underside with the fore wing and
costa of hind wing brown.

Hob. Kulu. Exp. 40 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

e. Fore wing with the ground-colour violaceous or rosy grey.

a'. Fore iving with vein 1 b not clothed with long scales on

underside in male.

1928. Leucania albicosta, Moore. P. Z. 8. 1881. p. 338, pi. 37, fi°\ 10:

C. $ S. no. 1658.

Leucania nigrilineosa, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 103 ; C. fy S. no. 1683.
Leucania micacea, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 67, pi. 144, fig. 8.
Leucania duplicata, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 8.
Leucania prominens, Moore. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 339 (nee Wlk.) :

C. 8f S. no. 1688.

Leucania albivenata, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 217.
Leucania bifasciata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 410 ; Butl. III. Het.

vii, p. 51, pi. 126, fig. 13.

Differs from abdominalis in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
of a violaceous grey or in the form dtiplicata=prominens = albi-
venata with a rosy tinge instead of violaceous ; bifasciata also has a
rosy tinge, and has the basal, costal, and inner area of fore wing
whitish ; the apical fascia obscure ; thorax whiter.

The Nilgiri race micacea (28 millim.) is smaller. Some specimens
have a cell-spot and postmedial series of specks to hind wing. One
specimen from the JSagas has some rufous in cell, and another
has the white streak on median nervure short.

Hab. Dharmsala ; Sikhim ; Khasis ; Nagas ; Nilgiris : Bernard-
myo. Exp. 28-39 millim.

1929. Leucania curvilinea, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 67, pi. 144, fig. 3.

Differs from albicosta in having no oblique fascia from the
apex of fore wing. Underside immaculate.
Hab. Nilgiris. Exp. 30-36 millim.

1930. Leucania venalba, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 48 ; C. $ S. no. 1698.
Leucania lineatipea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 335 ; C. $ S. no. 1679.

Differs from albicosta in the fore wing being less produced at
apex ; the costa and veins less prominently pale ; abdomen and
hind wing almost pure white ; a marginal series of black specks.
Underside immaculate except for a marginal series of minute
specks to each wing.

Bab. Dharmsala j Khasis ; Ceylon. Exp. 34 millim.

280

1931. Leucania polemusa, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 447, pi. 27, n>. 1 ;

C. $ S. no. 1686.

c? . Differs from albicosta in the fore wing having a black streak
from the base below median nervure ; the white streak on median
nervure shorter ; a curved postmedial series of specks ; the apical
oblique streak obsolete. Hind wing pure white and semihyaline,
with a marginal series of black specks. Underside immaculate.

Hab. Poona. Exp. 27 millim.

1932. Leucania uniformis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 339 ; C. $ S.

no. 1697.

2 . Head and thorax violaceous grey. Fore wing violaceous
grey, the outer area pinkish ; the veins and interspaces slightly
streaked with white, especially from end of cell to apex ; traces of
a postmedial series of specks. Hind wing fuscous grey.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 34 millim.

b'. Underside of vein 1 b of fore iviny in male clothed with
long ochreous scales.

1933. Leucania tangala, Feld. Eeis. Nov. pi. 109, fig. 12 j C. $ S.

no. 1695.
Leucania mediofusca, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 68, pi. 144, fig. 9.

J . Differs from curvilinea in the apex of the fore wing being
rounded ; no marginal series of specks. Abdomen, hind wing, and
underside uniform yellowish white.

Hab. Nilgiris. Exp. 34 millim.

f. Fore wing with a broad dark fascia from base to outer margin, or
the whole wing except costal area dark.

1934. Leucania irrorata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 341 ; a $ S.

no. 1714.
Axylia fasciata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 341 ; id. Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 144, fig. 6 ; C.fyS. no. 1712 (prgeocc.).
Axylia albivena, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 342 ; C. % S. no. 1711.

Ochreous white ; collar fringed with fuscous. Fore wing with a
fuscous fascia from the base along median nervure to outer margin,
below which is a black streak at base ; two black spots at middle of
cell and one at lower angle ; a double postmedial and single marginal
series of dark specks ; veins of outer area slightly paler. Hind
wing white, with marginal series of specks.

Some specimens have a black streak below base of median
nervure and fuscous subapical triangular patch on outer margin ;
the cilia fuscous.

Hab. Kulu ; Punjab ; Ceylon. Exp. 30 millim.

LEUCANIA. — FLOCCIFERA. 281

1935. Leucania bifascia, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 91, pi. 161, fig. 6.

Whitish with a slight pink tinge; thorax black-brown; fore
wing with a black-brown fascia from base, becoming very broad in
and beyond the end of cell ; a white speck at lower angle of cell ;
postmedial and marginal series of specks ; veins rather pale. Hind
wing pinkish fuscous.

Hob. Ceylon. Ex-p. 31 millim.

1936. Leucania proleuca.

Axylia albicosta, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 70, pi. 144, fig. 20
(prseocc.).

Markings as in bifascia, from which it differs in not having the
pink tinge ; the head and abdomen blackish ; the fore wing wholly
blackish except the white costal area and some rufous on marginal
area.

Hob. Nilgiris ; Travancore. Exp. 34 millim.

1937. Leucania irregularis, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 712 ; C. $ 8. no. 1721.
Axylia abstracta, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 221, pi. vii,
fig. 13.

c? . Brownish ochreous. Fore wing with a dark brown tri-
angular patch occupying the area between lower angle of cell, apex,
and outer angle ; fine chocolate streaks above and below median
nervure and towards the apex ; a white spot at lower angle of cell.
Hind wing white, the margin suffused with brown. Underside
immaculate.

Hob. Moulmein ; Bhamo. Exp. 30 millim.

Genus FLOCCIFERA, nov.

Type, F. eriyida, Swinh.

Range. Burma.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully developed ; palpi
upturned and smoothly scaled, reaching vertex of head; antennae
of male minutely ciliated ; tibiae without spines ; thorax and
abdomen without tufts ; a pair of tufts of long hair from base of
abdomen below.

1938. Floccifera erigida, Smnh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 221.

Pale red-brown. Pore wing with indistinct subbasal and ante-
medial waved lines ; a black speck at middle of cell, some specks on
discocellulars ; traces of a narrow diffused medial band angled at
lower end of cell ; an indistinct postmedial slightly waved line with
a series of specks beyond it ; an irregularly waved submarginal

282 NOCTUIDJE.

line. Hind wing pale, the veins and margins suffused with reddish
brown ; underside with cell-spot and postmedial series of specks.

Fig. 150.— Floccifera erigida, tf. \.
Hob. Thyetmyo, Burma. Sap. 44 milliin.

Genus ARCILASISA.

Arcilasisa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 470 (1865).
Tiracola, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 351.

Type, A. sobria, "Wlk.

Range. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Australia.

Eyes minutely pubescent ; proboscis fully developed ; palpi
obliquely porrect, with somewhat long hair below; thorax and
abdomen without tufts ; legs without spines.

SECT. I. (Arcilasisa). Antennae fasciculated in male ; the
cilia of fore wing slightly crenulate.

1939. Arcilasisa sobria, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 470; C. $ S. no. 1699.

Uniform pale grey-brown ; fore wing irrorated with dark scales.
Underside of hind wing with a black cell-spot.
Hob. Kulu ; Sikhim ; S. India. Exp. 76 millim.

SECT. II. (Tiracola). Antennae minutely ciliated in male ;
fore wing with the cilia strongly toothed.

1940. Arcilasisa plagiata, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 740 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 148, figs. 1, la (larva); C. 8f S. no. 1996.
Agrotis plagifera, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 741.
Agrotis spectabilis, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 704.

Pale grey-brown; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing often much
suffused with red-brown and irrorated with dark brown ; an indis-
tinct waved antemedial line, often almost obsolete ; the orbicular
obsolete ; the reniform almost obsolete, ochreous or fuscous, some-
times on a dark patch ; traces of a postmedial curved series of
black specks ; a submargiual doubly curved ochreous line ; a mar-
ginal series of black specks. Hind wing fuscous, the cilia whitish.

ABCILASISA. ATTCHMIS. 283

Larva dull violet-brown, with a few fine dorsal hairs ; a few
scattered grey dots and a sublateral pale olivaceous band from
fourth somite; head and legs violet-grey, the former small; anal
somite conical. Pupa dark red. Food-plant Emilia.

Fig. 151. — Arcilasisa plagiata, $. J-.

Hob. Sikhim ; S. India ; Ceylon ; Borneo ; Java. Exp. 44-60
millim.

Genus AUCHMIS.

Auchmis, Hilbn. Verz. p. 243 (1818).

Cloantha, Bdv., Guen. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. viii, p. 509 (1839).

Type, A. polyodon, Clerck, from Europe.

Range. N. America; Europe; 8. Africa; Amur; Japan;
throughout India and Ceylon.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully developed.
Palpi porrect, the 2nd joint evenly scaled, the 3rd prominent ;
antennae ciliated in male. Thorax without tufts ; abdomen with
small dorsal tufts on proximal segments ; mid tibiae very rarely
spined. "Wings with the cilia crenulate ; hind wing with vein 5
obsolescent.

1941. Auchmis intermedia, Brem. Lep. Ost-Sib. p. 53.

Auchmis sikkimensis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 49, pi. 6, fig. 15;
C. $ S. no. 1652.

Head and thorax whitish, marked with red-brown and dark

Fig. 152. — Auchmis intermedia, rf . }.

brown ; abdomen pale, with a pinkish ochreous tinge. Fore wing
whitish ; costal area suffused with brown and pinkish ; cell with
fine dark streaks in it ; a prominent black fascia below the cell and

284 NOCTU1D.E.

another above inner margin ; the inner area and that surrounding
the lower part of the reniform, which is white and ochreous, suf-
fused with chestnut and olive browns ; some black streaks on the
oblique apical fascia, and some on outer margin below the middle ;
cilia chestnut, intersected by pale teeth. Hind wing white, the
veins and outer area suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Amur ; Japan ; throughout India and Ceylon. Exp. 38
millim.

*1942. Auchmis ? cashmirensis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 358 ; C. $ &
no. 1821.

Pale ochreous ; palpi and legs marked with black. Fore wing
with the base speckled with black, and with a black streak above
inner margin ; a medial ochreous band, bordered by indistinct
sinuous double black lines ; the orbicular, reniform, and claviform
blackish, with ochreous edges ; some dentate discal black marks ; a
patch above outer angle and marginal series of black and white
specks. Hind wing pale fuscous ; the outer area darker, with
crenulate marginal line.

Hob. Kashmir. Exp. 32 millim.

Genus NONAGRIA.

Nonagria, Ochs. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 82 (1816).
Microsemyra, Butl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 155.

Type, N. dissoluta, Tr., from Europe.

Range. Palsearctic region and throughout India, Ceylon, and
Burma.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis thin. Palpi obliquely
porrect, the 2nd joint evenly scaled, the 3rd prominent ; thorax
and abdomen without tufts ; tibiae without spines. Wings with
the cilia not crenulate ; fore wing with the apex somewhat acute ;
hind w-ing with veins 6 and 7 stalked or from cell.

SECT. I. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from the cell.
A. Antennce of male ciliated, of female simple.

1943. Nonagria inferens, WTk. Cat. ix, p. 105 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 145, fig. 3 ; C. 8f S. no. 1654.
Leucania proscripta, Wlk. Cat. ix,

p. 106 ; C.Sf 8. no. 1655.
Sesaniia fraterna, Moore, Lep. Atk.
p. 103 ; C. 8f S. no. 1653.

Ochreous. Fore wing with a red-
brown suffusion along median nervure

•xr . .^'- and veins 2 to 5 ; a marginal dark line :

Nonaqna inferens, $. \. .,. n TT. , . & , .,

cilia paler. Hind wing white.

Hob. Sind ; Bombay ; Mhow ; Ceylon Burma ; Flo res.
Exp. 28 millim.

NONAGRIA. 285

1944. Nonagria confusa, wik. Cat. ix, p. 105: Moore, Len. Ceyl iii,

pi. 145, fig. 4; C. $ S. no. 1709.

cJ • Uniform brownish ochreous ; fore wing in some specimens
slightly tinged with pinkish and with faint traces of postmedial
specks ; abdomen and hind wing almost pure white.

Hah. Ceylon. Exp. 34 millim.

1945. Nonagria robusta, n. sp.

cJ . Head and thorax pale red-brown ; palpi fuscous ; abdomen
fuscous, the anal tuft ochreous. Fore wing pale red-brown; a
dark streak from base below median nervure ; a somewhat indistinct
highly waved antemedial line ; the orbicular and reniform with
slight black outlines, the latter with a black spot on its outer edge ;
the median nervure and veins 3 and 4 grey ; a lunulate postmedial
line with black points on the veins ; outer area darker, ending
obliquely below the apex. Hind wing dark fuscous ; cilia rufous ;
underside with cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 52 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

1946. Nonagria submarginalis, Hmpm. III. Set. viii, p. 60, pi. 141,

fig. 5.

<$ . Yellowish fuscous-brown. Pore wing with some dark scales
at end of cell ; a pale submarginal line from below apex to inner
margin, with black suffusion on its inner side ; a marginal series of
black specks. Hind wing dark fuscous ; the cilia pale.

Hob. Nilgiris. Exp. 30 millim.

B. Antennae of female serrate.

1947. Nonagria fuscovirens, n. sp.

£ . Head and thorax bright green ; abdomen whitish, with
slight green suffusion. Fore wing bright green. Hind wing pale
fuscous, the outer area pale green. Underside with the disk of
fore wing suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Kashmir (Leech). Exp. 42 millim. Type in coll. Leech.

C. Antennce of male bipectinate with long branches, of
female with short brandies.

1948. Nonagria chloroptera, n. sp.

Differs from fuscovirens in having no fuscous on hind wing or
underside of fore wing.

Jlab. Kashmir (Leech). Exp. 52 millim. Type in coll. Leech.

286 NOCTUID.E.

SECT. II. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked.
A. Antennae of male ciliated.

1949. Nonagria conspersa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 340; C. # S.

no. 1710.

2 . Head, thorax, and fore wing pale ochreous, uniformly irro-
rated with rufous scales ; abdomen and hind wing pure white.
Hob. Calcutta. Exp. 44 millim.

B. (Microsemyra.) Antennce of male serrate.

1950. Nonagria pallida, Butt. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 155 ; C. # S. no. 865.

Ochreous white. Eore wing slightly irrorated with fuscous.
Hind wing pure white.

Hab. Mhow. Exp. 22 millim.

Genus ACRAPEX, nov.

Type, A. prisca, "Wlk.

Range. Nilgiris ; Ceylon.

Differs from Nonagria in being more slenderly built ; in the
fore wing being more produced at apex ; vein 7 from or from just
beyond end of areole ; the hind wing with the outer margin ex-
curved at veins 2 to 4 ; veins 6, 7 and 3, 4 stalked ; vein 5 bent
at origin.

1951. Acrapex prisca, Wlk. Cat xxxv, T>. 1953 ; C. $ S. no. 1687.
Senta cramboides, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 12, pi. 145, fig. 6 ;

C. 8f S. no. 1718.

Brownish ochreous ; fore wing
with the veins outlined with red-
brown ; a postmedial and slight
marginal series of specks ; a slight
apical streak. Hind wing ochre-
ous white, slightly suffused with
fuscous towards outer margin.
Fig. 154.— Acrapex prisca, rf. }. Sab. Ceylon. Exp., <$ 34, <j>

38 millim.

1952. Acrapex hamulifera, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 91, pi. 161,

fig. 5.

c? . Brownish grey ; head and collar with an ochreous tinge ;
fore wing slightly suffused with ochreous and more so with black ;
a white hook-shaped mark on median nervure ; a pale oblique
apical streak ; a series of black specks on outer margin. Hind
wing pale fuscous. Underside of hind wing with cell-spot and
postmedial curved line.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 34 millim.

ACRAPEX. — PHYCIDIMORPHA. 287

1953. Acrapex leucophlebia, n. sp.

c? . Differs from Tiamulifera in having no white mark on median
nervure of fore wing ; the veins much more prominently pale ; the
apical streak less prominent.

Hab. Nilgiris. Exp. 28-31 millim. Type in B. M.

Genus ACUTIPENNA, nov.

Type, A. acuminata, Hmpsn.

Range. Nilgiris.

Differs from Acrapex in the apex of the fore wing being very
much produced, vein 7 anastomosing strongly with 8 and 9 to
beyond the areole ; hind wing with veins 6 and 7 on a long stalk ;
vein 5 more developed and from near lower angle of cell.

1954. Acutipenna acuminata, n. sp.

Head and thorax reddish and
dark brown; abdomen whitish.
Fore wing reddish brown, with a
prominent white fascia from the
base through the cell to the apex
and a blackish fascia below it ;
veins pale streaked. Hind wing
Fig. 155. white.

Acutipenna acuminata, J. \. Hab. Mlgiris. Exp. 26 mil-

lim. Type in B. M.

Genus PHYCIDIMORPHA.

Phycidimorpha, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 103 (1893).

Type, P. rosea, Hmpsn.

Range. Ceylon.

Eyes naked and without lashes; palpi porrect and reaching
beyond the frons ; antennsB with long bristles and cilia ; thorax
and abdomen without tufts ; tibiae naked and without spines.
Fore wing very long and narrow ; the outer margin very oblique ;
vein 7 given off after the areole. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4
on a short stalk; 5 straight and from below centre of disco-
cellular.

1955. Phycidimorpha rosea, Hmpsn. HI. Het. ix, p. 104, pi. 163,
fig. 22.

c? . Head and thorax ochreous white, with slight pink suffusion ;
abdomen pale ochreous. Fore wing pale ochreous, almost uniformly

288

NOCTUID.E.

suffused with pink, which is rather deepest below the costa ; the
costa white. Hind wing whitish, slightly suffused with fuscous
towards outer margin.

Fig. 156. — Phycidimorpha rosea, $ . \.
Hab. Ceylon. Eocp. 24 millim.

Genus PHYCIDOPSIS.

Phycidopsis, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 91 (1893).

Type, P. albovittata, Hinpsn.

Range. Ceylon.

Differs from Nonagria in the antennae of the male being heavily
bipectinated. Pore wing with the costa arched; the apex
quadrate ; vein 6 given off after the end of cell.

1956. Phycidopsis albovittata, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 91, pi. 161,
fig. 13.

c? . Head and thorax fuscous ; collar and vertex of thorax
reddish. Fore wing pale red-brown, with the costal half suffused

Fig. 157. — Phycidopsis albovittata,

f«

with white ; a dark brown fascia on the costa from the middle to
near apex. Hind wing pale fuscous.
Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 42 millim.

Genus LEOCYMA.

Leocyma, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 212 (1852).
Chasmina, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 146 (1856).
Clinophlebia. Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 92 (1893).

Type, L. tibialis, Fabr., from Formosa, Australia, and the Pacific
Groups.

LEOCYMA. 289

Range. Africa ; Japan ; China ; Formosa ; India, Ceylon, and
Burma ; Australia and the Pacific groups.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully developed ;
palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head, and smoothly scaled;
antennae simple in male ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled and
without tufts ; tibiae without spines. Fore wing with the cilia
non-crenulate.

SECT. I. (Clinophlebici). Fore wing of male quadrate, the costa
somewhat excised, the costal neuration slightly distorted.

1957. Leocyma sericea, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 92, pi. 161, fig. 7.
Chasmina dianse, C. S. no. 1783 (nee Guen.}.

d . Pure shining white ; the palpi and antennas ochreous ; fore

Fig. 158. — Leocyma sericea, <$ .

tibiae and tarsi orange spotted with black; mid tibiae orange
above.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 40 millim.

SECT. II. (Leocymci). Fore wing of normal shape, with
the costal neuration not distorted.

1958. Leocyma cygnus, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 147; JButl. III. Het. vi,

pi. 110, fig. 3 ; C.&S. no. 1782.

Pure shining white ; frons, palpi, and antennae ochreous.
Hob. Throughout India. Exp. 36-44 millim.

1959. Leocyma jndicata, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1760 : C. $ S. no. 1838.
Chasmina linea, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 73, pi. 145, fig. 3.

c? . Differs from cygnus in the palpi and frons being white ;
tarsi spotted with black. Fore wing with three black specks on
the costa ; a slightly curved postmedial fuscous line ; some
submarginal black scales.

Hob. " N. India " ; Nilgiris. Exp. 28 millim.

960. Leocyma biplaga, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 795.
Acontia bimacula, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 796.
Chasmina stigmata, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 73, pi. 145, fig. 10.

c?. Differs from cygnus in the palpi and frons being white.

TOL II. U

290

Fore wing with a patch on the costa before the apex which is
prominent and black in the Chinese and Sikhini form, indistinct
and brownish in stigmata from the Nilgiris ; traces of post-
medial and submarginal lines ; a few submarginal black scales
towards the apex ; some specimens have three black specks on the
costa.

Hab. N. China; Sikhirn ; Nilgiris. Exp. 30 millim.

SECT. III. Fore wing narrower and more produced at apex.

1961. Leocyma maculata, n. sp.

£ . Head and thorax brownish white ; palpi black at sides ;
abdomen fuscous except at base. Fore wing brownish white ;
indistinct double ante- and postmedial and single medial waved
lines ; the orbicular a fawn-coloured speck with white outline ; a
large fawn-coloured, somewhat irregular patch with white outline
in and beyond the end of cell ; a black speck at apex, another
subapical and a marginal series increasing in size towards outer
angle. Hind wing semihyaline white ; the inner area clothed with
fuscous hair ; traces of a cell-spot and postmedial line ; a marginal
series of black specks.

Hab. E. Pegu, 5000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 32 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

Genus APSARASA.
Apsarasa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 665.

Type, A. radians, Westw.

Range. Sikhim : Assam ; Andamans.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully developed ;
palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head, the second joint smoothly
scaled and thickened ; antennae simple ; thorax and abdomen
without tufts ; tibise without spines. Fore wing with the cilia not
crenulate, the apex rounded, the inner margin lobed and forming
with the outer margin an almost continuous curve.

1962. Apsarasa radians, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 58, pi. 28, fig. 4.
Apsarasa figurata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 604 ; C. $ S. no. 1781.

c? . Head and thorax blue-black;
a pale yellow patch on vertex
of head and five yellow bars on
the thorax ; abdomen black, with
yellow dorsal specks on the
proximal segments, the anal tuft
yellow. Fore wing blue-black,
with pale yellow subtriangular
Fig. 159. patches set all round the costal,

Apsarasa radians, <j . \. outer, and inner margins ; some

small yellow spots in the cell and blue-grey spots beyond it. Hind

ACONTIIN^E. 291

wing black with the outer area white, its inner edge irregular and
the black area projecting into it at apex and anal angle.

$ with the anal tuft black ; hind wing with the white on outer
area much reduced.

The form figurata from the Andamans has the markings of the
fore wing almost white and a small yellow spot on second joint of
palpi.

Hab. Sikhim ; Assam ; Andamans. Exp. 50 millim.

Subfamily ACONTIIN^E.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis fully developed ;
tibiae without spines. Hind wing with vein 5 slender, but stronger
than in the Trifince, depressed at origin, the outer margin not
produced at its termination.

Almost all the species are of small size and live amongst low
herbage.

Larvae, usually with the four pairs of abdominal prolegs fully
developed, but sometimes with but three or two pairs.

Key to the Genera.

A. Abdomen with dorsal tufts.

a. Fore wing with vein 8 given off from

7 and anastomosing with 9 to form an
areole.

a'. Meta thorax with paired tufts 1. DIPHTHEBA, p. 293.

b'. Metathorax with a sharp crest 2. PEBCIANA, p. 295.

c ' . Metathorax without tufts.

a2. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4

from cell.

a3. Fore wing with the apex rect-
angular.
a4. Abdomen longer than the hind

wing ; the legs hairy 3. BBYOPHILA, p. 296.

b*. Abdomen shorter than the

hind wing ; the lep:s smooth . 4. EBASTBIA, p. 300.
b3. Fore wing with the apex acute . 25. ZAGLRA, p. 344.
62. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4

stalked 6. HYELOPSIS, p. 304.

b. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked . . 7. TOXOPHLEPS, p. 306.

c. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked . 5. EBASTBIOIDES, p. 303.

B. Abdomen without dorsal tufts.

a. Fore wing with vein 8 given off from 7
and anatomosing1 with 9 to form the
areole.
a'. Frons with a trilobate corneous

process 10. MEGALODES, p. 309.

u 2

292 NOCTULD,£.

b'. Frons without a trilobate process.
a2. Palpi upturned.

a3. Fore wing short and broad.
«4. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4

stalked.
a5. Fore wing with the apex

rectangular 8. HYELA, p. 307.

b5. Fere wing with the apex

i-ounded 27. ORUZA, p. 348.

#4. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4
from cell or on a very short
stalk.
a5. Palpi short, not reaching

above vertex of head.
a6. Fore wing with the cilia
non-crenulate, the outer

margin evenly curved . . 12. XANTHOPTERA, p. 316.
b6. Fore wing with the cilia
crenulate, the outer
margin oblique towards

outer angle 13. COSMIA, p. 321.

b6. Palpi long and reaching

above vertex of head.
a6. Fore wing of nearly even
width throughout, the

apex rounded 16. SWINHOEA, p. 324.

b6. Fore wing triangular,
the apex nearly rect-
angular 15. MARIMATHA, p. 324.

b3. Fore wing more produced and

acute at apex 9. MICARDIA, p. 309.

b2. Palpi porrect ; frons with a rounded

corneous projection 11. TARACHF, p. 310.

c2. Palpi porrect and triangularly

scaled 26. CORGATHA, p. 347.

b. Fore wing with veins 7, 8 and 9, 10

stalked 14. ACONTIA, p. 322.

c. Fore wing with veins 8, 9, 10 stalked.
a'. Fore wing with vein 6 present.

a2. Fore wing with the outer margin
somewhat erect, rarely excised
below the apex, which is rect-
angular 17. METACHROSTIS,p.325.

b2. Fore wing with the outer margin
obliquely curved, the apex pro-
duced to a slight point or lobed. . 23. EITBLEMMA, p. 338.
b1. Fore wing with vein 6 absent 21. CINGALESA, p. 336.

d. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked.

a'. Fore wing with veins 10 and 11 from

cell.

a'2. Hind wing with the costa excised . 24. TROCTOPTERA, p. 344.
£2. Hind wing with the costa not

excised.

a3. No frontal tuft; the palpi up-
turned 18. NARANGA, p. 333.

bz. A sharp frontal tuft; the palpi

porrect 19. RIVULA, p. 334.

DIPHTHEBA. 293

b'. Fore wing with veins 10 and 11

stalked 20. TATHODELTA, p. 336.

e. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked.
a'. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4

from cell.

a2. Palpi not reaching vertex of head . 22. PACHYLEPIS, p. 337.
b2. Palpi reaching far above vertex of [p. 351.

head 28. PSEUD ACIDALIA,

b'. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4
stalked ; palpi slender, oblique, and
hardly reaching vertex of head .... 29. MICR^SCHUS, p. 351.

Genus DIPHTHERA.

Diphtera, Ochs. Eur. ScTimett, iv, p. 63 (1816).

- ,18-

Canna, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 790 (1

Type, D. orion, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Nearctic and Palaearctic E/egions ; Himalayas; Naga Hills.

Palpi obliquely porrect, the second joint clothed with long hair,
the third short ; antennae minutely ciliated ; thorax without a tuft
behind the collar ; the metathoracic tufts large ; abdomen dorsally
tufted.

Larvae with tufts of hair and forming a cocoon ; 4 pairs of
abdominal prolegs.

SECT. I. (Canna\ Patagia produced to long upturned tufts;
abdomen with one large dorsal tuft.

1963. Diphthera pulchripicta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 790; Moore,
P. Z. 8. 1867, pi. 6, fig. 10 ; C. $ S. no. 1820.

Head and collar brilliant malachite-green ; thorax ochreous, with
the patagia and metathoracic tufts chestnut ; abdomen ochreous
white, the dorsal tuft pale. Fore wing malachite- green ; ;i
subbasal chestnut line conjoined to a fascia along inner margin as
far as the obliquely angled medial band, these chestnut markings

IQQ.—Diphthcra pulchripicta,

being bordered by white lines ; a darker shade from apex to angle
of medial band ; a marginal chestnut band whitish towards apex
and indented at centre and outer angle. Hind wing ochreous
white, with some fuscous submarginal suffusion towards apex.
Hob. Sikhirn. Exp. 36 millim.

294 • NOCTUIDJE.

1964. Diphthera malachitis, Oberth. Et. Ent. v, p. 80, pi. iii, fig. 9.
Canna splendens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 412 ; Butl III. Net. vii,

p. 59, pi. 128, fig. 4.

Differs from pulchripicta in the white subbasal line of fore wing
having green inside it instead of chestnut ; a black and white
lunule on base of inner margin ; the fascia on inner margin not
extending to base;; no chestnut marginal band ; the apical part of
margin whitish, with a black white-centred spot at its lower ex-
tremity ; a white patch with black white-centred spot on it above
outer angle. Hind wing with a diffused submarginal fuscous band.

Hob. Askold Island, near Vladivostok; Dharmsala ; Sikhim.
Eocp. 40 millim.

1965. Diphthera prasinaria, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 615 ; C. $ S. no. 1763.

Head and thorax emerald-green ; palpi black tipped with white,
thoracic tufts black-tipped ; abdomen v\ bite tinged with fuscous,
the dorsal tuft black. Tore wing emerald-green ; a black suffused
basal patch with irregularly waved black and white edge ; a broad
medial black suffused band with very irregularly waved black and
white edges ; the reniform represented by a diffused white patch ;
an irregularly waved submarginal white line with some black on
its inner edge ; some black specks on costa towards apex ; a black
spot on outer margin below apex ; a series of marginal black
specks. Hind wing white ; a fuscous band from apex to vein 3 ;
the cilia green. Underside whitish, with prominent black bands
from costa near apex to vein 3 on each wing.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 38 millim.

SECT. II. (Diphthera). Patagia not produced ; abdomen with small
dorsal tufts on proximal segments.

1966. Diphthera vigens, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 616; C. $ S. no. 1764.

Head and thorax deep emerald-green ; palpi black ; thoracic
tufts black-tipped ; abdomen ochreous suffused with black. Fore
wing deep emerald-green, with a black striga from costa near base ;
a streak below median nervure ; an antemedial irregularly waved
black white-edged line ; orbicular and reniform denned by black
lines and incomplete above and below ; a black band between them
from costa to median nervure ; claviform represented by a white
streak with black specks at each end of it ; a postmedial very
irregularly waved black white-edged line with a broad black shade
beyond it ; some black specks on costa towards apex ; a series of
marginal specks. Hind wing pale green, with an indistinct
irregularly waved postmedial line and diffused fuscous submarginal
band. Underside green, with diffused medial and submarginal
black bands from costa of each wing to vein 4 ; hind wing with a
postmedial line.

Hob. Kulu ; Sikhim; Nagas. Exp. 40 millim.

DIPHTHERA. — PEBCIANA. 295

1967. Diphthera pallida, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 46, pi. 6, fig. 6;

C. 8f S. no. 1762.

Diphtera fasciata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 408 ; Butl III Set. vii,
pi. 122, fig. 1.

Differs from vigens in being pale silvery green. Pore wing
with the black spot beyond the white claviform streak large ; the
shade beyond the postmedial line slight : the series of specks
submarginal instead of marginal ; cilia chequered black and green.
Hind wing greenish white, with traces of a cell-spot. Underside
greenish white, with two short black bands from costa of fore wing
and one medial short band from costa of hind wing.

The form fasciata has the basal markings of fore wing almost
obsolete; the antemedial line obsolescent except the recurved
portion on inner margin ; the orbicular, reniform, and claviform
obsolete ; the postmedial line much less prominent with no
submarginal specks beyond it; cilia only tipped with black at
emarginations.

Hob. Dharmsala ; Sikhim. Exp. 46 millim.

1968. Diphthera discibrunnea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 46, pi. 6, fig. 14;

C. $ S. no. 1760.

Head and thorax bright green slightly tinged with black ; palpi
black at sides ; abdomen very pale fuscous. Fore wing bright
green, with a subbasal black line expanding into a large patch
below median nervure ; some detached black spots representing the
antemedial line ; orbicular and reniform almost obsolete, with a
blackish band between them from costa to median nervure ; a short
broad blackish band on outer edge of reniform ; a broad blackish
waved postmedial band ; a series of blackish marginal lunules.
Hind wing fuscous white, with indistinct postmedial waved line
and broad diffused fuscous submarginal band. Underside with
postmedial line and diffused submarginal band to both wings ;
hind wing with a cell-spot.

I/ab. Sikhim ; Nagas. Exp., S 36, £ 42 millim.

Genus PERCIANA.
Perciana, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 812 (1865).

Type P. marmorea, Wlk.

liancje. Punjab ; Sikhim ; Manipur.

Palpi obliquely upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head,
the 3rd long and naked ; antennae with fascicles of cilia in male ;
a sharp crest on metathorax ; the patagia with long upturned
scales from their ends ; abdomen with a very long dorsal tuft on
2nd segment and small tuft on 3rd; a flattened anal tuft; tibiae
moderately hairy. Fore wing with the apex nearly rectangular,
the outer margin angled at centre ; veins 8 and 9 anastomosing to
form the areole. Hind \vini? with veins 3, 4 and 0, 7 from cell.

296

1969. Perciana marmorea, Wlk. Cat, xxxiii, p. 813 ; C.$S. no. 2223.

Brownish ochreous ; vertex of head white; collar fringed with
black; abdomen with the dorsal tufts black. Pore wing marbled
with white, brown, and black ; a short basal black line ; black
subbasal and medial patches on inner margin ; the costa speckled

Fig. 161. — Perciana marmorea, <S • !•

with black ; a white black-ringed spot in cell and speck at end of it ;
traces of a waved postmedial line with diffused white beyond it on
costal and inner areas ; traces of a sinuous submarginal black
band with some white on it. Hind wing whitish ; the outer area
suffused with fuscous ; a black mark above anal angle.
Hob. Punjab; Sikhim. Exp., <$ 34, $ 42 millim.

1970. Perciana flavifusa, n. sp.

J . Head reddish brown ; thorax and abdomen grey and fuscous.
Fore wing grey, slightly irrorated with black ; the basal area
suffused with pale yellow, the outer with brown ; the orbicular
minute, the reniform large with a line from it to inner margin ;
traces of a dentate submarginal line. Hind wing pale fuscous.

Hab. Manipur, 6000 feet (Doherty}. Exp. 28 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

1971. Perciana viridinotata, n. sp.

$ . Head green, the palpi brown ; thorax brown and ochreous ;
abdomen pale, the dorsal tufts green. Fore wing dark red-brown ;
a short subbasal bright green line ; the orbicular and reniform with
bright green outlines and patches above them on costa ; a large
green patch on central inner area crossed by a short lunulate white
line ; a green spot on costa before apex and another at centre of
outer margin ; a series of white specks on costa. Hind wing
pale brownish. Underside with cell-spot and curved postmedial
fine.

Hab. Sikhim, 7000 feet (Moller). Exp. 30 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

Genus BRYOPHILA.
Bryophila, Treitschke, Eur. Schmett. v, pt. 1, p. 57 (1825).

Type B. muralis, Forst., from Europe.

Range. Nearctic and Palaearctic regions ; Himalayas ; Khasis ;
Nilgiris ; Ceylon and Burma.

BRYOPHILA. 297

Palpi slender and upturned, the third joint reaching above
vertex of head ; antennae minutely ciliated ; thorax with slight
tufts behind collar ; abdomen with slight dorsal tufts, and longer
than the hind wing ; legs hairy.

Larvce with four pairs of abdominal prolegs.

1972. BryopMla literata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 331 ; C. $ S.

no. 1775.

Head and thorax white, irrorated with black scales ; abdomen
fuscous white, the dorsal tufts black. Fore wing white suffused
with black ; a waved blackish subbasal band edged by black lines ;

a broad medial blackish band
narrowing to inner margin, the
double waved antemedial black
and white line forming its inner
edge; the stigmata indistinct,
with a pale round spot between
the orbicular and reniforin ; the
Fig. 162. waved double black and white

Sryopkila literata, j. \. postmedial line excurved beyond

the cell; a submarginal waved

line with diffused black on its inner edge ; cilia chequered white
and fuscous. Hind wing fuscous, with indistinct cell-spot and
postmedial line : cilia white, spotted with fuscous.
Hob. JN'.W. Himalayas. Exp., <$ 32, $ 36 millim.

1973. BryopMla modesta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 332 ; C. $ S.

no. 1777.

5 . Differs from literata in being wholly suffused with dirty
ochreous brown. Fore wing with the markings fuscous and
indistinct ; the ante- and postmedial lines dentate. Hind wing
fuscous brown ; underside with the postmedial line almost obsolete.

Hal. Simla. Exp. 30 millim.

] 974. BryopMla virescens, n. sp.

c? . Differs from literata in the ground-colour of the thorax and
fore wing being pale blue-green ; a black streak between the sub-
basal and antemedial lines below median nervure ; a prominent
submarginal series of irregularly placed black marks.

Hal. Dalhousie (Harford). Exp. 26 millim. Type in B. M.

1975. BryopMla lichenea, Hmpm. III. Het. viii, p. 72, pi. 144, fig. 12.

Differs from literata in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
evenly suffused with fuscous ; hind wing with the cilia wholly
white; the broken band on underside submarginal instead of
postmedial.

Hab. Nilgiri plateau. Exp. 30 millim.

298

1976. Bryophila nilgiria, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 332; C. 8> S.

no. 1778.

Head white ; thorax and abdomen white suffused with fuscous.
Fore wing white, more or less suffused with black ; subbasal and
antemedial waved black lines, in some specimens with blackish
marks between them ; the orbicular a prominent black-ringed
white speck ; reniform with indistinct outline ; claviform a curved
line ; the area round the stigmata sometimes suffused with black ;
a postmedial waved line highly excurved beyond cell and with
some more or less prominent diffused marks beyond it ; some
black spots on costa. Hind wing suffused with black ; cilia of
both wings chequered black and white. Underside of fore wing
black, with a white postmedial mark on costa ; hind wing white,
with black postmedial line.

Hob. Nilgiri plateau. Exp. 34 millim.

1977. Bryophila muscosa, Hmpm. III. Het. viii. p. 72, pi. 144,

fig. 15.

9 . Differs from nilyiria in the vertex of head being black ;
the thorax and fore wing slightly suffused with olive-green ; the
subbasal and antemedial lines replaced by ill-defined black patches ;
orbicular and reniform prominent, the latter with black centre;
claviform a prominent black-ringed white spot; the postmedial
line obsolescent; a prominent diffused and broken submarginal
band ; cilia less prominently chequered, those of hind wing fuscous.
Underside of both wings black with irregular patches of: white.

Bab. JNllgiri lower slopes. Exp. 38 millim.

1978. Bryophila postochrea, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 95, pi. 161, fig. 8.

5 . Head white ; palpi black at sides ; thorax white, with black
markings ; abdomen ochreous fuscous. Fore wing white, with
some black markings at base ; a black band from costa to median
nervure ; a waved antemedial line ; orbicular and reniform white
with black outline, the latter formed like the letter E : a very
broad blackish postmedial band extending on inner margin to the
antemedial line ; a double lunulate submarginal line ; a prominent
black mark above outer angle and less prominent marks towards
apex. Hind wing ochreous suffused with fuscous ; a blackish
postmedial line and broad marginal band ; cilia white. Underside
grey suffused with fuscous; fore wing with medial black spot on
costa and postmedial line ; hind wing with cell-spot and postmedial
line.

Hob. Trincomali, Ceylon. Exp. 28 millim.

1979. Bryophila nadgani, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 87, pi. 146, fig. 6.
Eed-brown ; abdomen with the dorsal tufts black. Fore wing

BEYOPHILA. 299

with oblique black subbasal and antemedial lines, the area between
the base and the latter shaded with fuscous ; the orbicular and
reniform large and indistinct, the latter with dark centre to lower
part ; a dark patch on costa above them ; a waved postmedial
line highly excurved beyond cell, the area beyond it suffused
with fuscous ; an indistinct lunulate submarginal line with pale
patches on it, a lunulate marginal line. Hind wing fuscous brown.
Underside of fore wing fuscous, the costal and outer margins
greyish, with medial and postmedial marks on costa. Hind wing
greyish, with cell-spot and lunulate postmedial and marginal line.

The form from the N.W. Himalayas is rather darker; one
specimen has a white patch below the stigmata of fore wing.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas; Nilgiris, western slopes. Exp. 22-
28 millim.

*1980. Bryophila? albistigma, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 45; C. $ S.
no. 1774.

Grey-green. Fore wing with traces of pale-edged undulating
lines ; the medial area darker, with the orbicular represented by a
white speck, the reniform by two ; a white patch beyond the cell ;
submarginal and marginal series of while spots, the last centred by
dark specks. Hind wring pale pinkish brown, with sinuous post-
medial line and diffused submarginal band.

Hob. " Bengal/' Exp. 30 millira.

1981. Bryophila khasiana, n. sp.

Differs from nadgani in being paler and more ochreous brown :
the anal tuft ochreous. Fore wing more variegated with olive and
dark brown shades, with the antemedial waved line more erect ; a
dark patch below the stigmata ; the postmedial line less excurved
and indistinct, with some white beyond it near inner margin ; outer
margin with a black speck above outer angle. Hind wing paler
fuscous.

Hab. Khasis (Elwes). Exp. 34 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

1982. Bryophila albipuncta, u. sp.

$ . Head and thorax pale red-brown ; abdomen darker. Fore
wing dark red-brown, suffused with paler red, especially on basal
and medial costal areas ; the transverse lines obscure ; the ante-
medial erect and sinuous ; the orbicular and reniform rufous and
indistinct; claviform black; a series of minute white specks on
the veins beyond the postmedial line, most prominent towards
inner margin. Hind wing fuscous ; underside with large black
cell-spot arid highly irregularly sinuous postmedial line.

Hab. Sikhim (Moller). Exp. 28 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

300

1983. Bryophila pallidisca, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1881, p. 372, pi. 37, fig. 14 ;

C. Sf S. no. 1802.

Erastria albiorbis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 141 ; C. $ S. no. 1795.
Erastria fusca, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 141 ; C. $ S. no. 1797.
Erastria nubila, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 142 ; C. 8f S. no. 1801.

Eed-brown. Fore wing with subbasal, antemedial, post-medial,
and submarginal irregularly waved, dark lines, with fuscous
suffusion before the antemedial and beyond the postmedial line ;
orbicular and reniform large. Hind wing white, with slight fuscous
suffusion on outer margin.

The typical form has large white patches on orbicular and lower
part of reniform.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 30 millim.

1984. Bryophila glaucescens, Buti. III. Het. vii, p. 81, pi. 133, fig. 4.
Anophia undara, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 234.

Dark purple-grey variegated with black. Fore wing with double
subbasal, antemedial, and postmedial waved black lines ; the
medial area dark, with a small orbicular spot and large reniform
with orange spot on it ; an irregularly dentate submarginal line
and marginal crenulate line. Hind wing dark fuscous.

Hob. Dharmsala ; Eangoon. Exp. 24 millim.

1985. Bryophila glaucostigma, n. sp.

d1 . Palpi black at sides ; head and thorax reddish brown ;
abdomen fuscous. Fore wing fuscous brown ; the subbasal waved
line with a pale and dark patch beyond it below median nervure ;
the antemedial line approaching the postmedial below the cell;
the orbicular and reniform pale ; the submarginal line pale, with
irregular dark dashes before it ; a series of marginal black specks ;
cilia intersected by pale streaks. Hind wing pale, suffused with
fuscous towards outer margin. Underside pale ; both wings with
crenulate postmedial line ; hind wing with cell-spot.

Hob. E. Pegu, 5000 feet (Dolierty). Ex-p. 34 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

Genus ERASTRIA.

Erastria, Ochs. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 92 (1816).
Motama, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 110 (1882).

Type, E. fasciana, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Nearctic and Palaearctic regions ; China ; Himalayas ;
Assam Hills ; Ceylon ; Java.

Palpi upturned, reaching above vertex of head, the 2nd joint
clothed with long hair below, the 3rd prominent ; antennae
minutely ciliated in male ; thorax roughly scaled but without tufts ;
abdomen with strong dorsal tufts, and shorter than the hind wing.

ERASTRIA. 301

Fore wing with the areole long and narrow. Hind wing with
veins 3 and 4 from cell. Legs naked.

Larvce with four pairs of abdominal prolegs.

1986. Erastria stygia, Butl. HI. Het. iii, p. 20, pi. 46, fig. 2.

Black-brown ; head, thorax, and fore wing irrorated with grey
scales; the last with indistinct subbasal and antemedial waved
lines ; the orbicular barely traceable ; the reniform more prominent
and with white outline ; the postmedial curved and waved line
indistinct from the costa to vein 2, thence white and prominent to
inner margin ; the submarginal irregularly waved line indistinct
and with white scales on it in places ; a marginal series of black
spots slightly denned by white ; cilia with white streaks on them
below apex. Hind wing pale fuscous ; the cilia whitish at tips ;
underside with cell-spot and waved postmedial line.

Hob. Japan ; Nagas ; Ceylon. Exp. 22-28 millim.

1987. Erastria larentiformis.

Erastria cidarioides, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 142 ; C. Sf S. no. 1796
(praeocc.).

Differs from stygia in being browner; the orbicular more
prominent ; the reniform with dark outline ; the postmedial line
more irregularly excurved and ochreous from the costa to vein 7,

Fig. 163. — Erastria larentiformis, J . 7.

thence white to inner margin ; the whole of the outer area white
except the apical area : a black subapical mark and a spot on
centre of outer area.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 28 millim.

1988. Erastria aurata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 110, pi. 4, fig. 10; C. $8.
no. 2064.

Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with pale red-brown and
fuscous scales. Fore wing golden green, with waved subbasal,
antemedial, indistinct medial, and postmedial lines ; the orbicular
and reniform with whitish outlines and a black patch between them
extending upwards to the costa ; a grey patch on inner margin
between the antemedial and medial lines ; some dark suffusion on
apical part of outer area ; an irregularly sinuous submarginal line ;
a marginal series of white specks. Hind wing pale ; the inner

302 FOCTUID.E.

and outer areas suffused with fuscous ; underside with speck at
end of cell and dentate postmedial line ; cilia of both wings pinkish.
Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 30 millim.

*1989. Erastria cidarioides, Moore, Len. Atk. p. 110, pi. 4, fig. 9 ;
C. $ S. no. 2065.

Differs from larentiformis in the basal area of the fore wing
being golden yellow to beyond the antemedial line ; the reniform
and ground-colour of outer area golden yellow.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 28 millim.

*1990. Erastria ? decorata. Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 110, pi. 4, fig. 11 ;
C. 8f S. no. 2066.

c? . Golden brown ; thorax irrorated with grey ; palpi and legs
blackish with pale bands. Fore wing with grey specks on the costa
and veins ; the orbicular, reniform, and a postmedial band golden
yellow, the last with sinuous dark outer edge ; a yellowish sub-
marginal line; a blackish patch in cell between the stigmata.
Abdomen and hind wing dark fuscous.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 32 millim.

1991. Erastria glaucopis, n. sp.

Head and collar pale reddish ; thorax and abdomen grey. Fore
wing with the basal area reddish ; the medial area fuscous, defined
by waved ante- and postmedial lines, the latter excurved round the
large grey reniform spot ; the outer area grey, with a rufous patch
on apical part of costa and black spot at centre of margin. Hind
wing fuscous ; underside with cell-spot, crenulate postmedial line,
and marginal series of specks.

Hab. Sikhim (Holler}. Exp. 24 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

*1992. Erastria? marginata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881. p. 372, pi. 37,
fig. 21 ; C. $ S. no. 1800.

Head and thorax pale ferruginous ; abdomen pale fuscous.
Pore wing greyish ferruginous, with a pale ferruginous band on
inner margin joined by a submarginal band from below the apex
with some whitish beyond it : the orbicular and reniform spots
pale fuscous.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 32 millim.

1993. Erastria melanostigma, n. sp.

<S . Head and thorax yellowish white suffused with rufous ;
abdomen pale fuscous, the dorsal tufts black. Fore wing whitish ;
a rufous patch on inner area before the middle ; a large quadrate
black patch occupying the inner medial area ; the orbicular and
reniform represented by black specks with silvery-grey scales round

ERASTRIA. EEASTKOIDES. 303

them, and with' a rufous patch between them; a postmedial
irregularly waved white line, the area between it and the indistinct
irregular submarginal line fuscous on costal two-thirds, rufous
towards inner margin. Hind wing fuscous ; underside with cell-
spot and postmedial line.

Hab. Khasis (Elwes) ; Java. Ex p. 22 millim. Type in B.M.

Genus ERASTROIDES.

Erastroides, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 98 (1893).

Type, E. oliviaria, Hmpsn.
Range. Ganjam ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon.

Differs from Erastria in the fore wing having veins 7, 8, 9, 10
stalked, there being no areole.

1994. Erastroides curvifascia, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 76, pi. 145,

fig. 23.

3 . Dull fuscous brown. Fore wing with indistinct, double sub-
basal and antemedial waved lines ; reniform with white and black
outline ; the postmedial double line regular, excurved from the sub-
costal to vein 2 and with a large white patch on and beyond it at
inner margin ; a very indistinct irregularly waved submarginal line.
Hind wing dark fuscous. Underside ochreous, irrorated with
black ; a cell-spot and indistinct waved postmedial line.

Hab. Ganjam, Nilgiris. Exp. 24 millim.

1995. Erastroides oliviaria, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 99, pi. 162, fig. 23

3 . Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-green. Fore wing whitish,
much suffused with olive-green : indistinct double waved subbasal
and antemedial lines ; a dark patch between the almost obsolete
orbicular and reniform stigmata ; a slightly waved and much

Fig. 164. — Erastroides oliviaria, J . \.

excurved postmedial line, with a black spot beyond it near inner
margin ; a white patch on outer margin below apex ; a marginal
series of specks. Hind wing pale fuscous, with a marginal lunulate
line. Underside with black cell-spot and indistinct waved post-
medial line.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 22 millim.

304 NOCTULDJE.

Genus HYELOPSIS, nov.

Type, H. vialis, Moore.

Range. Japan ; China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
Penang ; Australia.

Differs from Erastria in the fore wing being narrower ; the hind
wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked.

SECT. I. Antennae of male minutely ciliated.
1996. Hyelopsis vialis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 1,35; C. fy S. no. 1851.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white, the last with
two dorsal black tufts. Fore wing with the basal and costal areas
ochreous white, with a slight fuscous tinge ; the outer area, which
extends from the apex to centre of inner margin, dark purplish
fuscous and crossed by the irregularly-waved whitish postmedial
line, which becomes pure white towards inner margin ; a diffused
dark somewhat dentate submarginal line ; a marginal series of
short dark strigae. Hind wing pale fuscous. Underside : fore wing
fuscous, the costal and outer areas pinkish ochreous ; hind wing
pinkish ochreous, with cell-spot and curved postmedial line.

Fig. 165. — Hyelopsis vialis, <$ . \.

$ . Slightly more suffused with fuscous. Fore wing with the
outer area pinkish fuscous in tone ; two prominent white lunules
on the postmedial line above inner margin. Hind wing dark fuscous ;
the outer margin and cilia ochreous.

Hob. Dharmsala; Sikhim ; Nilgiris. Exp., <$ 20, £ 22 millim.

1997. Hyelopsis signifera, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 793 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 150, %. 4 ; C. $ S. no. 1865.
Acontia subfixa, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1964.

Head, thorax, and abdomen white tinged with brown. Fore
wing with the basal half white, irrorated with a few brown scales,
some brown costal marks and a black subbasal speck ; the outer
half brown ; the reniform white, with two black specks on it and
a black spot beyond it ; postmedial white patches on the costal
and inner areas, traversed by the postmedial line, which is excurved
round end of cell ; outer area with the veins and marginal line
rufous ; an indistinct waved submarginal white line with some
black streaks before it. Hind wing white tinged with fuscous.
Underside with cell-spot and waved postmedial line.

Hob. Japan ; China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
Andamans; Penang; Australia. Exp. 18 millim.

HYEL9PSIS. 305

1998. Hyelopsis renalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 142 ; C. 4- S. no. 1859.
Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish, slightly suffused with reddish

ochreous. Fore wing yellowish brown ; the basal area whitish,
with indistinct black streaks on it, and bounded by an oblique
white and black line ; the reniform fuscous, with a white outline
in the form of a figure of 8 ; a white and black postmedial line
angled below the costa and incurved towards inner margin ; the
area beyond it whitish, with the veins from end of cell streaked
with black and with diffused black dashes in the interspaces. Hind
wing pale fuscous ; cilia with a dark line through them. Claspers
very large in male.

Hab. Dharrnsala; Calcutta; Ceylon; Tenasserim. Rep. 20
millim.

1999. Hyelopsis lativitta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 373 ; id. Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 150, fig. 9 ; C. $ S. no. 1907.
Bankia basalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 143 ; C. Sf S. no. 1855.

Differs from renalis in the area beyond the postmedial line of
fore wing being without the black streaks, and not whitish, except
towards inner margin ; a pale waved submarginal line.

Hab. Shanghai; Sikhim ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon; Borneo. Exp. 20
rnillim.

2000. Hyelopsis picata, Butt. III. Het. vii, p. 62, pi. 129, fig. 2.

Head and thorax white ; abdomen ochreous. Fore wing with
the basal half white ; a black subbasal speck, with a brown mark
on the costa above it ; outer area yellowish brown, with a slightly
dentate black line on its inner edge ; a white patch from the costa,
including the two black specks which represent the reniform ; a
postmedial black line excurved beyond the cell ; outer margin with
a white mark below apex, then some black marks, and a large
triangular white patch at outer angle. Hind wing pale or dark
fuscous.

Hab. Simla ; Dharmsala. Exp. 22 millim.

2001. Hyelopsis baBtica, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 224.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous, suffused with fuscous.
Fore wing brownish ochreous ; a subbasal dark patch on the costa ;
irregularly undulating oblique ante- and postmedial white and
black lines, the costal area between them fuscous ; the reniform
whitish ; outer area purplish fuscous. Hind wing fuscous.

Hab. Eangoon. Exp. 12 millim.

SECT. II. Antennae of male with long cilia.

2002. Hyelopsis plumbata, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 61, pi. 129, fig. 4.
Marimatha freda, tiwinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 147.

Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-yellow. Pore wing olive-
yellow ; a fuscous patch on the base of costa ; an obsolescent

VOL. II. I

306

antemedial curved double line filled in with purplish, and with a
black spot below median nervure ; a slightly waved postmedial
double line filled in with purple and excurved bevond cell, where
it is met by a dark streak from the apex ; the outer margin grey.
Hind wing pale fuscous. Underside with prominent cell -spot and
waved postmedial line.

Ilab. N.W. Himalayas ; Nilgiris. Exp. 24 millim.

2003. Hyelopsis frausa, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 446 ; C. $ S. no. 1874.
Naranga pallida, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 96, pi. 162, fig. 13.

c? . Differs from plumbata in being pale brownish ochreous.
Pore wing with white and dark marks on inner margin and costa
representing the antemedial line ; a few dark scales at end of cell ;
the postmedial curved and waved double line almost obsolete and
represented by white and dark lines between vein 2 and inner
margin ; the outer area and cilia pale. Hind wing pale fuscous.

The form pallida from Ceylon is pale ochreous, with the markings
of fore wing still more reduced ; the bind wing white.

Hab. Mhow ; Ceylon. Exp. 18 millim.

2004. Hyelopsis umbrina, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 74, pi. 145, fig. 15.

£ . Head and thorax reddish brown ; abdomen fuscous. Fore
wing red-brown ; traces of a curved antemedial double line filled
in with pale colour and very much excurved beyond the cell, where
it is produced almost to an angle and met by an oblique dark streak
from the apex. Hind wing fuscous.

Hab. Nilgiris, W. slopes. Exp. 24 millim.

SECT. III. Antennae of male bipectinate, of female with long cilia ;
fore wing rather narrower, the outer margin oblique.

2005. Hyelopsis herbaria, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 446; C. $ &no. 1819.

Ochreous white. Fore wing with some fuscous black spots on
the costa ; a large blotch below end of cell ; traces of a postmedial
series of specks ; some obliquely disposed dark scales from apex ;
outer area slightly suffused with rufous ; outer margin with a few
black scales ; cilia with a blackish patch at centre.

The types are in very bad condition, but the abdomen appears to
have been tufted.

Hab. Mhow. Exp. 18 millim.

Genus TOXOPHLEPS.

Toxophleps, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 124 (189:3).

Type, T. optiva, Swinh.

Range. N.W. Himalayas ; Ceylon ; Eangoon.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head and

TOXOPHLEPS . — HTEL A .

307

roughly scaled, the 3rd short ; antennae minutely ciliated in male ;
thorax smoothly scaled ; abdomen with dorsal tufts on the proximal
segments; tibiae naked. Fore wing with the apex nearly rect-
angular ; veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 6, 7 stalked,

SECT. I. Fore wing of male with the subcostal nervure very much
bowed ; vein 10 absent ; 7, 8, 9 displaced.

2006. Toxophleps optiva, SwinTi. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 224;

Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, pi. 167, fig. 26.

Dark greyish fuscous. Fore wing
with waved ante- and postmedial
narrow erect orange bands, with
black edges. Hind wing pale.

Hah. Ceylon; Eangoon. Exp.
16 inillim.

Fig. 166.
Toxophleps optiva, tf. |.

SECT. II. Fore wing with the subcostal nervure and veins 7, 8, 9
not distorted in either sex ; vein 10 present.

2007. Toxophleps trilatalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1237; C. fy 8.

no. 4469.

Differs from optiva in the bands of the fore wing being fiery
orange and the base suffused with orange as far as the antemedial
band.

Hob. Simla ; Dharmsala. Exp. 16 millim.

Genus HYELA.

Hyela, Steph. Cat. Lep. Brit. B. M. p. 149 (1850).
Bankia, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 231 (1852).

Type, H. uncula, Clerck, from Europe.
Range. Europe and throughout India ; Burma.
Differs from Hyelopsis in being without the dorsal tufts to
abdomen.

2008. Hyela obliqua, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 143; C. $ S. no. 1857.

Head and abdomen ochreous, irrorated with
black scales ; thorax white, banded with dark
cupreous brown. Fore wing with the basal
area white, irrorated with dark and pink
scales ; its outer edge oblique, the rest of the
wing dark cupreous brown, with an oblique
Fig 167 white band from the costa just beyond the

bliQua,'^. T- middle to outer angle; the costa ochreous.

Hind wing dark fuscous.
The Burmese form has a brown patch on the base of costa of

Hyela obliqua,

308 NOCTUID^E.

fore wing ; the oblique band less regular and traces of postmedial
and submarginal lines.

Hob. Simla ; Kashmir ; Dharinsala ; Bernard myo. Krp. 22
millim.

2009. Hyela erecta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 373 ; C. $ S. no. 1856.

Yellowish white ; the palpi rufous. Eore wing with a broad
medial golden-brown erect band, with black edges ; a black speck
at lower angle of cell ; the indistinct postmedial white line highly
excurved round end of cell, then joining the medial band; the
apical costal area and outer margin rufous. Hind wing pale fuscous.
Underside rufous ; hind wing with cell-spot and curved postmedial
line.

Hob. Mlgiris. Exp. 26 millim.

2010. Hyela ruptifascia, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 75, pi. 145, fig. 12.

c? « Head, thorax, and abdomen white ; palpi rufous. Fore
wing white ; a broad medial slightly oblique black band ; a black
speck at lower angle of cell ; a subtriangular black patch on the
costa before apex ; a black spot on centre of outer margin ; cilia
black towards outer angle. Hind wing pale fuscous. Underside
with cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hab. Nilgiris. Exp. 21 millim.

2011. Hyela quadripartita, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 786 ; C. $ S. no. 1846.

Differs from ruptifascia in the head and thorax being marked
with black. Fore wing with the medial band rather broader ; a
triangular black patch on outer margin from apex to outer angle.

Hab. N.W.Himalayas; W.India; Nilgiris. Exp. 18 millim.

2012. Hyela tegnlata, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 63, pi. 129, fig. 1.

Differs from ruptifascia in having the medial black baud of fore
wing broadening towards inner margin and conjoined to a large
triangular patch on the outer margin from apex to near outer angJe,
which is crossed by a highly excurved postmedial line. Hind wing
ochreous white, more or less suffused with fuscous.

Hab. Dharmsala; Nilgiris. Exp. 20-22 millim.

2013. Eyela nigrivittata, Warr. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 301.

Ochreous white; the palpi black. Eore wing with a broad
black band, with white edges occupying the centre of the wing ;
its inner edge waved, its outer irregular and angled at vein 3 ; a
black speck on outer margin above outer angle. Hind wing with
an indistinct medial line.

Hab. Campbellpur. Exp., 3 22, $ 26 millim.

MICARDIA. MEGALODES.

309

Genus MICARDIA.
Micardia, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) I, p. 81 (1878).

Type, M. aryentata, Butl., from Japan.

Range. Japan ; Sikhim.

Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head, and smoothly scaled;
antenna3 minutely ciliated in male. Thorax and abdomen thout
tufts. Fore wing somewhat acute at apex, the outer margin
oblique ; vein 8 anastomosing with 9 to form the areole. Hind
wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked.

2014. Micardia pulcherrima, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 48, pi. vi, fig. 7 ;
C. $ S. no. 1689.

cf . Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous. Fore wing ochreous,
the costal and inner areas suffused with pink, the medial area with

fuscous as far as the oblique streak ;
a black antemedial speck above vein 1 ;
a very prominent silvery-white streak
on median nervure; the oblique streak
from apex prominent and edged with
white ; a similar streak from centre
of outer margin ; some pink and white
on vein 2. Hind wing pale, with a
faint cell- spot and oblique post medial
line ; some black on inner margin
towards anal angle.
Hal. Sikhim. Exp. 33 inillim.

Fig. 168.
Micardia pulcherrima,

Genus MEGALODES.
Megalodes, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 261 (1852).

Type, M. eximia, Herr.-Schaff., from Asia Minor.

llanye. Asia Minor; Kashmir; Indian Peninsula.

Palpi obliquely upturned ; frons with a trilobate corneous pro-
cess ; antennae simple ; thorax and abdomen without tufts. Fore
wing with the cilia not crenulate ; vein 8 given off from 7 and
anastomosing with 9 to form the areole.

2015. Megalodes kashmirensis, n. sp.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen yel-
lowish white. Fore wing yellowish
grey; a narrow curved antemedial white
band ; the orbicular and reniform indis-
tinct ; an oblique nearly straight post-
medial and curved narrow Bubmarginal
white band : an indistinct marginal cre-
nulato white lino. Hind wing fuscous,
the cilia whitish.
Hab. Gulmurg, Kashmir (Johnstone). Exp. 28 millim. Type

in coll. Elwes.

Fig. 169.— McgalodcK kash-
mirensis, $. \.

310

2016. Megalodes denticulosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 676; c. $ S.
no. 2135.

Cupreous red-brown ; thorax and fore wing irrorated with
white scales, the latter with indistinct waved antemedial and
highly excurved postmedial line ; traces of the reniform stigma ;
highly dentate submarginal and fine marginal lines white ; abdo-
men and hind wing paler ; cilia of both wings grey.

Hob. Poona ; Bombay ; Coimbatore. Exp. 26 millim.

G-euus TARACHE.

Tarache, Hubn. Verz. p. 261 (1818).

Euphasia, Steph. III. Brit. Ent., Haust. iii, p. 115 (1829).

Agrophila, Guen. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x, p. 228 (1840).

Type, T. lucida, Hiifn.

Range. Universally distributed in the tropical, subtropical, and
warmer temperate zones.

Differs from Hyela in the palpi being porrect, the frons with a
rounded corneous projection.

Larva with four pairs of abdominal prolegs.

SECT. I. (Tarache). Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from the cell.

A. Palpi li'ith the 3rd joint short and not reaching
beyond the frons.

2017. Tarache lucida, Hiifn. Berl. Mag. iii, 302 (1767).
Noctua Solaris, Schiff. Wien. Verz. p. 90.
Noctua albicollis, Fabr. Spec. Ins. ii, p. 218.
Noclua rupicola, JJorkh. Schtnett. Eur. iv, p. 82.
Noctua titania, Freyer, Beitr. Schmett. vi, pi. 533.
Noctua insolatrix, Hiibn. Samml. eur. Schmett., Noct. figs. 684, 685.
Acontia triradiata, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 794 ; C. fy S. no. 1849.

J. Dark brown ; head and thorax more or less intermingled
with white scales ; abdomen white-ringed. Fore wing with the
basal half white, running out to an angle at lower end of cell ; the
basal area with ill-defined waved blue-grey lines and with a black
speck near base ; the outer area dark brown, with a large quadrate
postmedial costal white patch from which arises a dark waved and
iucurved line ; reniform figure-of-8-shaped, with narrow blue-grey
outline ; a waved submarginal white line, obsolescent towards
costa and sending spurs to outer margin near outer angle, the area
beyond it irrorated with blue-grey scales ; a marginal series of
black specks ; cilia white towards outer angle. Hind wing dark
brown, with a very irregular white medial band sending spurs
inwards towards the base ; cilia white. Underside with the
brown and white areas of both wings disposed much as on upper-
side.

2 - The white markings of both wings less extensive.

TAEACHE. 311

The variety albicollis has the head, thorax, and abdomen almost
pure white ; the whole basal area of fore wing pure white ; the
hind wing white, with broad marginal band; the female like the
male of the typical form.

Hob. Europe ; N.W. Himalayas ; Oampbellpur. Exp. 30 millim.

2018. Tarache hortensis, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 517, pi. 47, fix 7 ;

C. Sf S. no. 1836.

$ . Differs from the typical form of lucidct in the fore wing
having the reniform obsolete; no grey-blue scales beyond the sub-
marginal line; the cilia not white towards outer angle. Hind
wing uniform fuscous, the outer area slightly darkest. Underside
nearly uniform fuscous.

Hub. Karachi. Exp. 24 millim.

2019. Tarache upsilon, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 763 ; C. $ 8. no. 1824.

$ . Differs from lucida in the costal portion of the medial band
of fore wing being obsolete, and replaced by two short fuscous
bands from the costa on each side of the large hoop- shaped reni-
form spot with black outline ; the submarginal line ill-den'ned and
with black lunules before it. Hind wing uniform dark fuscous.
Underside nearly uniform pale fuscous.
Hab. Poona. Exp. 30 millim.

2020. Tarache opalinoides, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 219; C. # 8. no. 1844.
Calophasia postica, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 764 ; C. # 8. no. 1864.

Differs from the white form of lucida in the dark patches of the
fore wing being restricted to a large patch on the outer half of
inner margin and to some marks on each side of the costal portion
of the submarginal line ; the reniform an incomplete and indistinct
black hoop. Hind wing white, with fuscous marginal band.
Underside of fore wing fuscous ; hind wing white.

Hab. Campbellpur ; Poona ; JSilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 30 millim.

2021. Tarache notabilis, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 669; C. $ S. no. 1823.

Pure white. Fore wing with a short subbasal black line from
the costa and an antemedial costal spot, each having a dark speck
below it ; a postmedial costal spot ; a broad irregular dark leaden
band from the apex to inner margin beyond middle, and traversed
by the lunulate black postmedial line ; a series of submarginal
black lunules which are all obscured by white suffusion, except
two at the apex and one at outer angle, which last has a rufous
lunule inside it ; cilia white, fuscous towards apex and outer angle.
Hind wing narrow, with marginal fuscous band, broad at apex ; the
cilia white.

Hab. Simla; Punjab; Calcutta. Exp. 30-38 millim.

312 NOCTUIPJE.

2022. Tarache catena, Soicerby, Brit. Misc. p. 29, pi. 14 ; 6. £ S.

no. 1825.
Desmophora elegans, Steph. Cat. Brit. Ins. no. 6398.

Pure white. Fore wing with a large oblique basal leaden patch
on the costa tinged with olive-yellow ; a medial dome-shaped patch ;
a broad band with curved inner edge extending from the apex to
centre of inner margin, and with a double postmedial series of
indistinct lunules on it ; a submarginal series of blue-grey spots,
the spot above outer angle almost black ; cilia grey. Hind wing
nacreous, with a marginal fuscous band, broad at apex ; the cilia
white.

Hah. Abyssinia ; Natal ; Sind ; Bombay ; Coimbatore. Exp.
40 millim.

2023. Tarache catenula, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 780 ; C. $ S. no. 1826.

Head, thorax, and fore wing violaceous grey-brown, with a
golden tinge ; the last with some white below base of median
nervure ; a broad oblique white band from costa to lower angle of
cell ; a large quadrate white patch on the costa before apex,
from which arises an incurved postmedial black line obsolescent
towards inner margin ; a submarginal series of blue-grey spots
on a white ground and marginal series of short black strigse.
Hind wing fuscous, the base and disk slightly nacreous ; the cilia
white.

Hob. Campbell pur ; Karachi ; Coimbatore. Exp. 32 millim.

B. Palpi with the 3rd joint longer and extending beyond the frons.

2024. Tarache alhonotata, Hmpm. III. Hct. ix. p. 96, pi. 162, fig. 22.

$. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown; tegula3 pure
white. Fore wing fuscous brown, with traces of numerous paler
waved lines ; a large white patch from the base to middle of cell,
not extending to costa or inner margin ; a large white patch on
outer costal area leaving a triangular postmedial dark patch on the
costa. Hind wing white, slightly suffused with fuscous.

Nab. Ceylon. Exp. 22 millim.

2025. Tarache swinhoei, Butl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 162 ; C. fy S. no. 1752.

£ . Head and thorax vinous brown ; abdomen fuscous, the
segments fringed with rufous. Fore wing vinous brown, suffused
with fuscous aM with indistinct diffused medial and marginal
blackish bands. Hind wing yellow, with broad black marginal
band ; cilia rufous. Underside yellow suffused with fuscous, espe-
cially on fore wing ; both wings with indistinct medial, postmedial,
and submarginal waved lines.

Bab. Assirghur ; Poona. Exp. 28 millim.

TAEACHE. 313

SECT. II. (Agropliila). Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked.

2026. Tarache karachiensis, Swnh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 410.

c? . Head and collar white ; thorax tinged with fuscous, abdo-
men with ochreous. Fore wing white, with a rufous patch from
lower end of cell to inner margin ; the area between the apex, this
rufous mark, and the outer margin fuscous, irrorated with white
scales, with white marks towards outer angle, and with three black
specks on its upper edge ; a fuscous spot on the costa before apex ;
a marginal series of black specks ; cilia with patches of white below
apex and at middle. Hind wing white, the margin suffused with
fuscous. Underside white, the fore wing tinged with ochreous.

$ . The whole fore wing fuscous, except a diffused white sub-
costal fascia ; the patch below the end of the cell and the outer
area tinged with ochreous ; an indistinct postmedial line. Hind
wing pale fuscous.

Hab. Karachi. Exp., <$ 22, £ 24 millim.

2027. Tarache olivea, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 217 ; C. fy S. no. 1863.
Tarache nivosa, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 446, pi. 41, fig. 14; C. $ S.

no. 1862.

Head and thorax white ; metathorax blackish ; abdomen ochreous
white. Pore wing white, the inner and outer areas almost wholly
fuscous ; a subbasal grey spot ; an antemedial curved olive-yellow
line; the orbicular and reniform small grey ring-spots ; traces of
two olive-yellow waved lines crossing the inner dark patch ; the
outer area suffused with olive-yellow in irregular patches. Hind
wing very pale fuscous, the outer area slightly darker.

$ with the dark areas of the fore wing browner and more ex-
tensive ; the hind wing dark fuscous.

Hab. Simla ; Dharmsala ; Mhow. Exp., tf 20, £ 22 millim.

2028. Tarache olivacea, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 63, pi. 142, fig. 0.
Head and thorax white ; abdomen pale fuscous. Fore wing

white ; the costa slightly fuscous, with white striga3 towards the
apex ; the outer half of inner area olive-green, suffused with
purple scales and crossed by an indistinct waved postmedial pale
line ; a fuscous lunule on discocellulars ; a lunulate white marginal
line. Hind wing fuscous.

Hab. Shanghai ; Nagas ; Nilgiris. Exp. 24 millim.

2029. Tarache binominata, Butl Entom. 1892, p. 64.

Acontia costalis, Wtk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 784 (praeocc.) ; C. $ S.

no. 1830.

cJ . Head white ; thorax dark fuscous brown ; abdomen ochreous
fuscous. Fore wing black-brown, with a broad pure white costal
fascia not reaching the apex, and widest at middle and extremity.
Hind wing pale fuscous, the outer area darkest. Underside of
fore wing ochreous fuscous, with ochreous costal stripe ; the hind
wing whitish.

Hab. Campbellpur; Karachi; Poona; Coimbatore. Exp. 20 millim.

314

2030. Tarache tropica, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 217 ; Moore, Lev. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 150, fig. 2 ; C.&S. no. 1866.
Acontia bipunctata, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 798.
Acontia maculosa, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 795 ; C. fy S. no. 1840.

cJ • Yellowish white. Fore wing with four yellow strigae on the

costa before the middle ; a yellow antemedial patch from median

nervure to inner margin ; the orbicular and reniform small indis-

tinct grey ring-spots ; a broad dif-
fused submarginal dark yellowish
band with some purplish scales on
it, and crossed by the postmedial
yellow line, which is highly excurved
beyond the cell ; a submarginal
irregularly waved yellow line ; two

Fig. 170.— Tarache tropica, $. \. black specks on the margin below

apex, the cilia at that point being

blackish, and one black speck above outer angle. Hind wing

whitish, with fuscous marginal band.

£ with the ground-colour pure white ; the abdomen fuscous,

with white rings. Fore wing with the markings much browner.
Hob. China ; Formosa ; throughout India and Ceylon ; Anda-

mans ; Java. Exp. 23 millim.

2031. Tarache basifera, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 793; C. fy S. no. 1829.

$ . Differs from tropica in the whole of the inner area of fore
wing being purplish .fuscous, narrowly so at base, broadly from
middle of cell to outer margin ; the thorax dark.

Hub. Karachi ; Poona ; Coimbatore. Exp. 22 millim.

2032. Tarache imbuta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 794; C. $ 8. no. 1799.
Acontia acerba, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 108, fig. 25 ; C. § S.

no. 1827.
Acontia inda, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 108, fig. 23 ; C. $ 8. no. 1861.

<5 . Differs from tropica in the head and thorax being browner;
the basal area of fore wing much darker yellow, so that the mark-
ings are almost entirely obliterated ; the whole outer area deep
red-brown, with the markings indistinct. Hind wing with the
veins and outer area suffused with dark fuscous.

$ . Head, thorax, and fore wing dark red-brown, the last with a
white medial streak on costa and postmedial triangular spot, the
pattern being almost obliterated ; abdomen and hind wing dark
fuscous, the former with slight pale rings.

Sab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp. 24 millim.

2033. Tarache crocata, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 218 ; C. $ S. no. 1832.
Acontia signifera, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 796.

Acontia meridionalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 785; C. fy S. no. 1841.
Acoutia scauda, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 108, fig. 27 ; C. $ S. no. 1848.

TARACHE. 315

d1 . Differs from imbuta in the fore wing having the outer half
red-browu, suffused with purplish ; the reniform purplish, with a
yellow centre ; a triangular postmedial spot on the costa, from
which arises an incurved dark dentate postmedial line ; an indis-
tinct dentate yellow submarginal line. Hind wing yellow, with a
broad irregular black-brown band.

$ with the whole ground-colour of the fore wing purplish
red-brown ; a short yellow antemedial line from the costa ; quad-
rate medial and triangular postmedial costal spots. Hind wing
with the basal two-thirds bright orange.

Hob. Simla ; Dharmsala ; Bombay ; Coimbatore. Exp. 22
millim.

2034. Tarache nubilosa, n. sp.

<5 . Head reddish ; thorax greyish white ; abdomen pale fuscous.
Fore wing dull white ; the basal half of costa with conjoined dark
blotches ; medial area rufous and dark brown, bounded inwardly
by a waved black line ; the reniform black, with a grey line
excurved round end of cell beyond it ; marginal area clouded with
grey. Hind wing fuscous.

Nab. Simla (Harford). Exp. 20 millim. Type in B. M.

2035. Tarache fascialis, n. sp.

c? • Head and thorax dark brown ; abdomen paler, with pale
segmental rings. Fore wing dark reddish brown ; the costal area
sulphur-yellow, sending a spur to beyond lower angle of cell ;
a sulphur fascia below median nervure from base to beyond middle ;
a sulphur band on outer margin. Hind wing reddish brown.

$ . Dark olivaceous brown. Fore wing with slight grey suffu-
sion ; grey streaks at the two angles of cell, and a grey line on
outer margin.

Hab. Sind and Grurais Valleys, Kashmir (Leecli). Exp. 24
millim. Type in coll. Leech.

2036. Tarache sulphuralis, Berget. Ins. Suec. i, p. 16 ; C. $ S.

no. 1879.

Bombyx luguhris, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, 1, p. 467.
Pyralis trabealis, Scop. Ent. Cam. 610.
Noctua arabica, Berl. Meg. iii, 412.
Noctua sulphurea, Hiibn. Eur. Schmett. Noct. pi. 60, fig. 291.

Head and throax black ; frons, collar, tegulao, and metathorax
marked with yellow ; abdomen fuscous, the segments ringed with
ochreous. Fore wing yellow, with broad black stripes along
median nervure and inner margin ; two pairs of obliquely placed
spots on costal area ; an irregular oblique postmedial band with a
leaden-coloured baud on it ; a submarginal series of black spots
and marginal series of specks ; cilia brownish. Hind wing fuscous

316 NOCTUIDJE.

black, the cilia pale. Underside of fore wing yellow, with irregular
black markings ; hind wing with black cell-spot and postraedial
and submarginal bands.

Hab. Europe ; Turkestan ; Japan ; China ; Baluchistan ; Af-
ghanistan. Exp. 24 millim.

2037. Tarache flavonigra, Szcink. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 522, pi. 47, fig. 15 ;
C. $ S. no. 3026.

Head and collar fuscous black ; thorax and abdomen ochreous.
Tore wing with the base pale ochreous ; a black spot at base of
costa ; the outer two- thirds of wings fuscous black. Hind wing
pale.

In the Bombay specimen the distal part of the abdomen and
hind wing are dark fuscous.

Ifab. Aden; Sind: Bombay. Exp. 16-20 millim.

Genus XANTHOPTERA.

Xanthoptera, Gum. Noct. ii, p. 240 (1852).
Phyllophila, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 254.
Bagada, Wlk. Cat. xv, P. 1753 (1858).
Hiccoda, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 134 (1882).

Type, X. botyoides, Guen., from Brazil.

Range. Nearctic, Neotropical, and Oriental regions.

Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head, and smoothly scaled ;
antenna minutely ciliated in male ; thorax and abdomen without
tufts. Fore wing rather short and broad, vein 8 given off from 7
and anastomosing with 9, which is given on: from 10 to form Ihe
areole. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from cell or on a very short
stalk.

Larvae, with 4 pairs of abdominal prolegs.

SECT. I. Female with antennas almost simple.

2038. Xanthoptera marginata. Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1775 ; Ilmpm.

III. Set. viii, pi. 143, fig. '21.

Head, thorax, and fore wing bright straw-yellow; the last with
a marginal black band, bordered inwardly by a deep black slightly
waved line. Abdomen, hind wing, and underside fuscous or smoky
black .

Hab. Dharmsala ; Nilgiris ; Java. Exp. 20 millim.

2039. Xanthoptera flavifrons, Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii, p. 552, pi. 214,

fig. 8 ; C. $ S. no. 2824.

c? • Uniform brownish ochreous ; the head bright yellow ; an-
tennae and base of palpi fuscous ; the front of thorax tinged with
fuscous. Fore wing with a slight purplish tinge.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 24 millim.

XANTHOPTEBA. 317

2040. Xanthoptera fuscicilia, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 75, pi. 14-5,

fig. 17.

Head, thorax, and fore wing bright reddish ochreous ; the cilia
fuscous. Abdomen and hind wing ochreous, suffused with fuscous.
Underside fuscous, the costa and outer margin ochreous ; hind
wing with cell-spot.

Hob. Nilgiris. Exjt. 20 millini.

2041. Xanthoptera argentifrons, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 65; pi. 130,

tig. 1.

Head and thorax black ; abdo nen fuscous. Fore wing pale
straw-yellow; the base black; triangular black costal marks at
centre and before apex, the latter small ; the outer margin and
cilia black ; the ochreous area deeper in tone towards the margin,
and running out to the margin below apex and at centre. Hind
wing fuscous.

Hal. Dharmsala. Ex p. 20 millim.

2042. Xanthoptera triangular is, Warr. P. Z. 8. 1883, p. 309.

2 . Differs from argentifrons in the ground-colour of the fore
wing being pale pinkish brown ; the basal black patch and medial
costal patch larger ; the costal patch before the apex absent ; the
marginal black band more regular.

Hob. Carnpbellpur. Exp. 17 millim.

2043. Xanthoptera mianoides, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 98, pi. 162,

fig. 16.

cJ . Head and thorax dark brown ; abdomen fuscous, with pale
rings. Fore wing with the basal half dark brown, with four
waved black lines on it ; a black subbasal spot below median
nervure ; the orbicular represented by a black speck on the fourth
line ; the reniforin by a black lunule on the line terminating the
dark area which is bent inwards below the cell ; the outer half of
wing ochreous white, the outer area suffused with brown ; a faint
postmedial line highly excurved beyond the cell ; an indistinct
pale waved submarginal line. Hind wing fuscous brown.

2 • Fore wing with the outer area the same colour as the basal
half of wing, crossed by a broad white band traversed by the post-
medial line.

Hob. Ceylon. Ex p. 20 millim.

2044. Xanthoptera opella, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 456, pi. 27, fig. 16 ;

C. $ S. no. 1858.

Differs from mianoides in the outer edge of the dark basal area
of the fore wing being straighter ; the postmedial line less excurved ;

318 NOCTFIDJE.

the submarginal line straighter, and with a dark sinus on it below
middle.

In the type from Poona the postmedial and submarginal lines
have gilded scales on them ; in the Campbell pur specimen the head,
thorax, abdomen, and base of fore wing are ochreous.

Hob. Simla. ; Campbellpur ; Karachi ; W. India. Exp. 19
inillim.

2045. Xanthoptera melanchlaena, Sivinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891,
p. 148.

c? . Head and thorax black-brown ; abdomen paler. Fore wing
purplish black-brown ; a postmedial pale band, which is traversed
by a dark line slightly excurved beyond the cell ; traces of a sub-
marginal line becoming pale towards outer area. Hind wing dark
fuscous.

Hob. N. Canara. Exp. 17 millim.

2046. Xanthoptera excisa, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 455 ; C. $ S.

1834.

Acontia quintana, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 455, pi. 27, fig. 13 ;
C. 8f S. no. 1847.

Head, thorax, and abdomen olive-brown. Fore wing white ; an
olive-brown basal patch with black marks on its outer edge ; an
indistinct antemedial waved line ; a broad medial leaden-grey band
with a black spot on it at end of cell, and some waved blackish
marks towards its outer edge ; a waved postmedial line ; outer area
grey, with a waved submarginal line on it. Hind wing pale fuscous,
with an indistinct pale medial line.

Some specimens have hardly any white on each side of the post-
medial line ; others are large and dark ; the form quintana is
without olive and brown tints, the grey of outer area of fore wing
broken into patches.

Hob. Simla ; Dharmsala ; W. India ; Coimbatore. Exp. 18-22
millim.

2047. Xanthoptera nigripalpis, WIU. Cat. xxxv, p. 1965 ; C. fy S.

no. 1842.

Hiccoda dosaroides, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 135 ; id. Lep. Ceyl. iii,
pi. 150, fig. 16 ; C.$ S. no. 3818.

Ochreous. Fore wing with some dark specks on costa ; traces
of waved subbasal, antemedial, medial, and postmedial rufous
lines, the last recurved beyond the cell ; reniform large, rufous,
and suffused with fuscous ; cilia pinkish, chequered with black.
Hind wing fuscous, the cilia ochreous ; underside with cell-spot
and postmedial line.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; throughout Peninsular India and Ceylon.
Exp. 18 millim.

XANTHOPTERA. 319

2048. Xanthoptera veprecola, Swinh. P. Z. S. 188-5, p. 456 ; C. $ S.

no. 1875.

(S . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown. Fore wing red-
brown, irro rated with dark scales and with dark streaks on and
between the veins of outer area ; irregularly dentate ante- and
postmedial lines, the latter excurved round end of cell ; orbicular
and reniform large, pinkish brown, and somewhat prominent;
traces of a pale submarginal line. Hind wing pale fuscous.

Hab. Poona. Exp. "20 millim.

2049. Xanthoptera plebeia, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 61, pi. 129, fig. 3.

Ochreous, irrorated with dark brown scales. Fore wing with the
subbasal and antemedial waved lines single, pale, and indistinct ;
the orbicular and reniform ochreous white ; the postmedial waved
line slightly excurved ; medial diffused purplish fuscous band con-
joined at median nervure to the purplish-fuscous shade which is
diffused over the whole outer area, except a costal patch and
another beyond the lower part of the postmedial line ; some black
marginal spots. Hind wing fuscous.

Hab. Dharmsala ; Bhutan. Exp. 22 millim.

2050. Xanthoptera spicea, Gum. Noct. i, p. 226.

Perigea tricycla, Guen. Noct. i. p. 226 ; C. $ 8. no. 2103.
Bagada pyrochroma, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1753 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix,

pi. 162; fig. 2, & pi. 176, fig. 20 (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 1876.
Acontia tirina, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 455, pi. 27, fig. 5 ; C. $ S.

no. 1835.

Head, collar, and patagia reddish cchreous ; thorax grey ;
abdomen ochreous. Fore wing reddish ochreous, with traces of
numerous transverse lines in the form of strigae and specks on

the costa ; the orbicular a pale
blotch writh black centre; reni-
form similar, but figure-of-8-
shaped, and with a black spot
beyond it on the indistinct
curved postmedial line, beyond
which is a series of grey specks ;
171 an oblique dark streak from the

Xanthoptera spicea, J . 1- apex ; a marginal series of black

specks ; the inner margin grey,
becoming black at outer angle. Hind wing ochreous fuscous, with
indistinct broad marginal darker band.

In the form tricyda=pyrocliroma the fore wing is redder, the
area below the cell and outer area being very bright chestnut.

Larva pink ; the dorsal area speckled with small white spots ;
dorsal and subdorsal white lines ; a broad pale yellow lateral stripe.
Head greenish.

Hab. Simla ; Sylhet ; W. India ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Java.
Exp. 24-28 millim.'

320

2051. Xanthoptera magna, Swlnh. MS.

Differs from the form tricyda in the metathorax only being
grey. Pore wing greenish yellow, less irrorated with black ; the
orbicular and reniform almost or quite obsolete ; the inner and
marginal reddish areas more suffused with bluish grey. Hind
wing dark fuscous. Underside with indistinct post medial line and
pale marginal band to both \vings.

Hob. Sikhim, Khasis. Exp. 40 millira. Type in B. M.

2052. Xanthoptera nigridia, Swinh. MS.

$ . Differs from mar/tia in the cilia of the fore wing being
crenulate ; the head and thorax rufous, suffused with black. Fore
wing rufous, with the obicular and reniform more distinct ; the
outer area below the oblique line from the apex suffused with
black ; the inner area also slightly suffused. Abdomen and hind
wing black ; the cilia reddish. Underside with the costa and outer
margin of both wings irrorated with red.

$ . Brownish ochreous, the abdomen reddish. Tore wing
without black suffusion; the black spot beyond outer edge of
reniform prominent. Hind wing reddish, the outer area suffused
with fuscous. Underside much paler; hind wing more suffused
with red.

Hob. Khasis. Exp. 38 millim. Type in B. M.

2053. Xanthoptera grisea, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 63, pi. 142, fig. 7.

<3 . Grrey, uniformly irrorated with grey-brown. Fore wing with
an angled medial dark line, with rust-red patches before it in and
below end of cell ; the outer area slightly suffused with rust-red
scales ; a submarginal dark line slightly bent below the costa.

Hal. Nilgiris ; Niigas. Exp. 30 millim.

SECT. II. Female with the antennae strongly ciliated.

2054. Xanthoptera modesta, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 55, pi. 150,

fig. 13 ; C.$ S. no. 1908.
Phillophila grisea, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 100, pi. 1G2, fig. 10.

$ . Head and collar clothed with light and dark brown scales ;
thorax white, irrorated with a few brown scales ; abdomen pale
fuscous. Fore wing whitish, thickly irrorated with brown; a
black speck at base ; the reniform dark ; some dark strigae on
costa; a prominent series of marginal specks. Hind wing pale
fuscous ; underside with cell-spot, minutely crenulate postmedial
line, and marginal series of specks.

The form grisea has the reniform spot obsolete.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 30 millim.

COS MIA. 321

Genus COSMIA.

Coamia, Ochs. Eur. Szhmett. iv, p. 84 (1816).
Elydna, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1712 (1858).

Type, C. diffinis, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Europe ; Japan ; China ; Himalayas ; Burma.

Differs from Xanthoptem in being more stoutly built ; the outer
margin of fore wing more oblique towards outer angle, and with
the cilia crenulate.

Larvce with four pairs of abdominal prolegs.

2055. Cosmia restituta, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 490; C. $ S. no. 1794.

Head and thorax chestnut ; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing
chestnut, slightly suffused with fuscous ; an oblong subbasal white

spot on the costa; a quadrate
antemedial spot extending as a
narrow line across the cell; a
triangular patch, followed by a
linear spot before the apex ; traces
of subbasal and antemedial dark
lines; faint traces of orbicular
ig i72t and reniform stigmata, and highly

restituta, <$. j. curved postmedial and submarginal

lines. Hind wing dark fuscous,

with the cilia yellow. Underside reddish ochreous, suffused in parts
with fuscous ; a cell-spot and postmedial line to both wings.
The Nepal specimen is much darker and less red.
Hub. Murree ; Nepal. Exp. 30-38 millim.

2056. Cosmia affinis, Linn. Syst. Nat. xii, p. 848.

Head, thorax, and fore wing pale or bright red-brown : abdomen
fuscous, with slight pale segmental rings and ochreous anal tuft.
Fore wing with whitish indistinct short subbasal, obliquely sinuous
antemedial, and postmedial line excurved beyond the cell ; traces
of a fuscous medial line and of orbicular and reniform spots ; an
indistinct pale sinuous submarginal line. Hind wing nearly
uniform dark fuscous, or the basal area pale, the outer blackish ;
cilia bright yellow.

The fore wing may be suffused in parts with black and the
apical area with white.

Hab. Europe ; Japan ; Grurais Valley, Kashmir. Exp. 32-38
rnillim.

2057. Cosmia transversa, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1713; C. ft S. no. 1122.

£ . Head, thorax, and fore wing ochreous, irrorated with dark
scales ; the last with an oblique dark autemedial line ; a post-

YOL. II. T

322 NOCTTTIDJE.

medial line angled at vein 6 and slightly curved towards inner
margin ; curved submarginal and marginal lines. Abdomen and
hind wing brighter yellow.

Hob. Moulmein. Exp. 38millim.

2058. Cosmia ochracea, n. sp.

$ . Ochreous. Pore wing irrorated with a few black scales ; a
waved antemedial erect line ; a postmedial crenulate line, slightly
angled and regularly excurved beyond the cell ; a submarginal
irregularly crenulate line, with a series of dark specks beyond it ;
the cilia fuscous. Hind wing orange-}rellow, especially towards
outer margin. Underside with small cell-spots.

Hob. E. Pegu, 5000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 40 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

Genus ACONTIA.

Acontia, Och*. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 91 (1816).
Xanthodes, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 209 (1852).

Type, A. malvce, Esper.

Range. Universally distributed in the tropical, subtropical, and
warmer temperate zones.

Palpi long, porrect, and met by a short sharp frontal tuft, the
3rd joint prominent ; antenna simple ; thorax and abdomen
smoothly scaled and wdthout tufts. Tore wing with the cilia non-
crenulate ; veins 7, 8 and 9, 10 stalked.

Larvae with four pairs of abdominal prolegs.

SECT. I. Male with the palpi smoothly scaled in front ; the tibiae
not hairy ; the fore wing not excised towards outer angle.

2059. Acontia malvae, Esper, Schmett. iv, 2, p. 63, pi. 195, fig. 4.
Xanthodes stramen, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 210 ; C. fy S. no. 1812.

1808.
1809.

Head whitish ; thorax bright canary-yellow ; abdomen ochreous.
Fore wing bright canary -yellow, with an oblique waved antemedial
line ; reniform oval, with a brown outline or often obsolete ; a
postmedial line highly excurved beyond the cell and angled towards
inner margin ; two submargiual lines, the inner line angled below
the costa ; a large diffused triangular patch extending over the
whole of the outer area, its apex running up to the costa at the
postmedial line. Hind wing iridescent white, sometimes suffused
with brownish or ochreous, or with the apical area only brownish
or ochreous.

Hab. Europe; Formosa; throughout India. Exp. 30-36
millim.

ACONTIA. 323

SECT. II. Male with the palpi more hairy in front; the tibiae
clothed with long hair ; the fore wing with the outer margin
more or less excised towards outer angle.

2060. Acontia transversa, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 211, pi. 10, fig. 5.

Xanthodes flava, C. $ S. no. 1805 (nee Fabr.) ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl
iii, pi. 149, figs. 2, 2 a (larva).

Bright canary-yellow; palpi and legs red-brown; vertex of
thorax tinged with rufous. Eore wing with ante- and postmedial
highly angulated rufous lines, which are sometimes waved, the

Fig. 173. — Acontia transversa, $. \.

latter touching a submarginal angled line ; a large bright rufous
triangular patch occupying the whole outer area, and sometimes
produced backwards along median nervure to the base, or occa-
sionally almost obsolete ; a black subapical speck ; cilia rufous.
Hind wing slightly suffused with red-brown, the outer margin
rufous.

Larva pale green, with a few very fine hairs ; subdorsal, lateral,
and sublateral series of white spots, the subdorsal series with a
larger yellow spot on each somite.

Papa pale pinkish red.

Hob. China; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Java;
Duke of Tork Isle. Exp. 40-44 millim.

2061. Acontia intersepta, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 212; Moore, Lep. Ceyl

iii, pi. 149, fig. 3 ; C.SfS. no. 1811.

Acontia imitata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 42, pi. 149, fig. 4 ; C. Sf S.
no. 1837.

Differs from transversa in having the palpi pure white in front ;
the vertex of head whitish; the thorax not tinged with rufous.
Tore wing with the transverse lines reduced to a series of specks,
the antemedial series curved.

Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Java. Kvp.
44-50 millim.

i2

324 NOCTUIDJE.

2062. Acontia graellsii, Feisth. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. vi (1837), p. 300,

pi. 12, %. 3 ; C.fyS. no. 1806.

Xanthodes innocens, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1752 ; C. 8f 8. no. 1810.
Xanthodes fimbriata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 777.

Differs from intersepta in the fore wing having no transverse
series of specks, these being represented at most by specks below
the costa ; a rufous fascia from lower angle of cell to outer margin
below apex replacing the large triangular patch. Hind wing pure
white, the apical area suffused with ochreous.

Hob. S. Europe ; W. and S. Africa ; Mauritius ; Aden ;
throughout Peninsular India. Exp. 36-43 millim.

Genus MARIMATHA.
Marimatha, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv,p. 1204 (1865).

Type, M. dinumeratdlis, Wlk., from Honduras.

Range. Neotropical region ; Africa ; Aden ; Khasis ; Nilgiris.

Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching above vertex of head, the 3rd
long ; thorax and abdomen without tufts ; antenna? ciliated. Fore
wing with the apex almost rectangular ; veins 8 and 9 anastomo-
sing to form the areole. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from cell.

2063. Marimatha subflavalis, Wlk.
Cat. xxxiv, p. 1205 :<?.#& no-
1869.

Ochreous ; the head pinkish. Pore
wing with a black speck at end of cell ;
the outer area black, except at apex.
Hind wing paler; the outer area
Fig. 174. fuscous.

Marimatha subflavalis, rf. T. Hob. Kilimanjaro; Aden; Nilgiris.
Eocp. 24 millim.

2064. Marimatha xanthoptera, n. sp.

cJ . Differs from subflavalis in the thorax and fore wing being
bright yellow. Pore wing with the outer area, except at apex,
bright chestnut, with some fuscous suffusion. Hind wing and
underside suffused with fuscous ; cilia of both wings pinkish.

Hob. Khasis, 6000 feet (Elwes}. Exp. 26 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

Genus SWINHOEA, nov.

Type, S. vegeta, Swinh.

Range. Abyssinia ; Punjab ; Bombay.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint roughly scaled, the 3rd long and
slender; irons with a rounded projection; antennae of male
minutely ciliated; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled; tibia?

SWINHOEA. — METACHBOSTIS. 325

slightly hairy. Fore wing of nearly even width throughout ; the
apex nearly rectangular ; veins 8 and 9 anastomosing to form the
areole. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 and 6, 7 from cell.

2065. Swinhoea vegeta, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 475, pi. 28, fig. 14;

C. Sf S. no. 3043.

(S > Head and collar fuscous ; thorax vinous ; abdomen fuscous.
Fore wing vinous brown, the base
pale, the outer two - thirds much
darker ; an indistinct short pale
subbasal line; a black speck above
inner margin near base; obliquely
waved antemedial, medial, and post-
medial lines. Hind wing fuscous
underside with indistinct cell-spot
Swinhoea vey eta, <$ . \. and postmedial line.

Hob. Abyssinia ; Punjab ; Bombay
Exp. 22 millim.

Genus METACHKOSTIS.

Metachrostis, Hiibn. Verz. p. 204 (1818).
Ozarba, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 684 (1865).

Type, M. velox, Hiibn., from Europe.

Range. Europe ; Japan ; China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and
Burma ; Java ; Australia.

Palpi long and upturned, reaching above vertex of head ;
thorax and abdomen without tufts. Fore wing with veins
8, 9, 10 stalked ; vein 7 sometimes almost or quite touching 8,
and forming an areole.

SECT. I. (Metachrostis}. Ground-colour purplish or brownish

grey.

A. Antennce strongly ciliated in male.

2066. Metachrostis miasma, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 73, pi. 145,

tig. 16.

Dark purplish grey. Fore wing crossed by some eight or nine
ill-defined and diffused fuscous-black waved lines ; the orbicular
a black speck, the reniform a black spot. Hind wing dark
fuscous.

Hob. Nilgiris. Exp. 19 millirn.

2067. Metachrostis egens, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 68, pi, 151, fig. 9 ;

C. Sf S. no. 2216.

Metachrostis contingens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 412 ; Butl. III.
Het. vii, p. 65, pi. 129, tig. 13.

326 NOCTUID m.

Pale grey-brown. Fore wing with subbasal, antemedial, medial,
and postmedial waved dark lines arising from fuscous spots on the
costa ; the postmedial line indistinct ; the orbicular a speck ; reni-
f orm represented by parallel lines ; an indistinct dentate submarginal
line. Hind wing with the inner half irrorated with dark scales
and with traces of medial, postmedial, and submarginal dark lines
on it.

Sab. Dharmsala; Ceylon. Exp. 21 millim.

2068. Metachrostis fasciata, Hmpsn. Ill Net. viii, p. 91, pi. 147
fig. 10.

Fuscous, suffused with grey. Pore wing with subbasal, ante-
medial, medial, and postmedial waved lines, the 1st short, the 3rd
excurved round cell, the last irregular; a dark mark on disco-
cellulars ; a crenulate submarginal line ; a series of marginal dark
specks. Hind wing with four indistinct waved black lines and a
marginal series of specks.

The male has some pale red-brown on disk of fore wing and
submarginal line and cilia of both wings.

Hob. Nilgiris. Exp., 3 30, £ 26 millim.

B. Antennae almost simple in male.

2069. Metachrostis quinaria, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 371 ; C. & S.

no. 1902.

Differs from egemt in being less brown ; the costal spots of the
fore wing black ; the reniform ill-defined.

Bab. N.W. Himalayas ; Punjab ; Karachi ; Mhow. Exp.
23 millim.

2070. Metachrostis obliquisigna, n. sp.

cJ. Fuscous grey, irrorated and suffused with black-brown.
Fore wing crossed by six indistinct waved lines ; an oblique black
band from costa to lower angle of cell. Hind wing crossed by five
indistinct waved lines ; both wings with marginal black line.

Hob. Dharmsala (Hocking}. Exp. 19 millim. Type in B. M.

2071. Metachrostis obscura, n. sp.

cJ . Dark grey. Fore wing with very obscure darker lines and
bands, the most distinct of which are an oblique band from just
beyond the lower angle of cell to inner margin and a diffused
sinuous submarginal band. Vein 7 of the fore wing just touches
8 and 9, and forms a slight areole.

Hob. Nagas, 6000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 26 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

METACHROSTIS. 327

SECT. II. (Ozarba). Ground-colour brown or ochreous.
A. Antennae serrate in male.

2072. Metachrostis destituta, Moore, Lep. Ceyl in, p. 48, pi. 150,

fig. 6 ; C. $ &. no. I860.

Pale reddish brown. Fore wing with a dark brown band
between the subbasal and antemedial double waved lines ; a dark
medial band slightly angled on median nervure ; reniform with
dark outline; a postmedial waved line; the submarginal line
indistinct and arising from a large dark triangular mark on the
costa with a black spot on its lower edge. Hind wing fuscous.

Hob. Khasis ; Ceylon. Exp. 20 millim.

B. Antennas, almost simple in male.
a. Fore wing ivith the outer margin not excurved at centre.

2073. Metachrostis undulata, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 98, pi. 162,

fig. 20.

tf . Ochreous white. Head and collar fuscous ; thorax and
fore wing irrorated with black scales, the latter with black spots
on the costa ; a black spot at base ; traces of six very ill-defined
waved lines ; reniform a large fuscous-black spot in the curve of
the postmedial line ; hind wing pale. Underside of fore \ving with
black costal spots towards apex ; hind wing with discocellular and
postmedial lines.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 18 millim.

2074. Metachrostis conspersa, Butl P. Z. S. 1880, p. 673.

Miresa quadrinotata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 403; C. $ S.
no. 1315 A.

Ochreous. Fore wing more or less irrorated with black, and
with black specks in and at end of cell.
Hab. Formosa ; Kulu. Exp. 20 mill'm,

2075. Metachrostis acervalis, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 451 ; C. $ S

no. 2690.

cJ . Almost uniform pale ochreous, with a slight purplish-fuscous
tinge ; the head and collar pure white ; palpi tinged with fuscous
at sides. Fore wing witli traces of a dark speck at end of cell and
one or two beyond it ; a greyish streak from end of cell to outer
margin and some marginal greyish streaks in the interspaces : a
black speck sometimes present near outer angle. Hind wing with
the outer area suffused with greyish.

Hab. Mhow. Exp. 20 millim.

328

2076. Metachrostis incondita, Butl. Ill Het. vii, p. 69, pi. 130,

fig. 13.

Dark reddish brown. Pore wing with ochreous specks on the
costa ; an indistinct band between the slightly waved subbasal and
antemedial lines ; a diffused medial band interrupted by the large
reniform spot, which is denned by an ochreous and black lunule 011
its inner edge, its outer edge by two sinuations of the postmedial
line, beyond which is a trilobed black patch ; the apical area
darker ; an irregularly undulated submarginal line. Hind wing
dark fuscous ; underside with cell-spot, postmedial and submarginal
lines.

Hah. Dharmsala ; Bhutan ; Calcutta. Exp. 20-22 millim.

2077. Metachrostis hypenoides, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 65, pi. 130,

fig. 2.

c?. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous. Fore wing pale
pinkish brown ; traces of subbasal and antemedial waved lines ; a
prominent medial sinuous line with some blackish suft'usion inside
it; the reniform black and triangular; an indistinct sinuous sub-
marginal pale line with some dark suft'usion inside it at costa.
Hind wing pale fuscous.

$ . With the blackish suffusion inside the medial line of fore
wing forming a wide band.

Hub. Simla ; Dharmsala. Eocp., <$ 20, $ 24 millim.

2078. Metachrostis unduligera, Butl III. Het. vii, p. 63, pi. 129,
fig. 9.

Head and thorax grey-brown ; metathorax fringed with white ;
abdomen ochreous brown. Fore wing grey-brown, with indistinct
waved double subbasal and antemedial lines ; the orbicular and
reniform indistinct, usually with a dark patch between them, from
which proceeds a dark line, angled below the cell, to inner margin ;
a pale postmedial line excurved and bracket-shaped beyond the
cell ; traces of a pale sinuous submarginal line. Hind wing dark
fuscous.

Hab. Dharmsala ; Simla. Exp. 18-20 millim.

2079. Metachrostis rectifascia, n. sp.

$ . Dark brown. Fore wing with a dark subbasal mark and
antemedial lunule below median nervure ; a broad slightly oblique
medial band with black edges, its inner part ochreous, its outer
brown, and with a dark patch beyond it at centre ; an indistinct
submarginal ochreous waved line with a dark patch inside it at
costa, one beyond it at middle of outer margin, and a third at
outer angle ; a dark marginal line ; cilia ochreous. Hind wing

METACHEOSTIS. 329

dark fuscous, with the cilia ochreous. Underside with traces of a
medial pale band and submarginal series of specks to both wings.
Hab. Bombay. Exp. 28 millirn. Type in B. M.

2080. Metachrostis transversa, Moore. Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 57, pi. 150,

%. 15 ; C.Sf S. no. 1911.

c? . Differs from rectifasda in being dark fuscous ; abdomen
with grey fringes to the segments. Fore wing with an indistinct
antemedial line; the medial band with a dark line towards its
outer edge instead of the brown shade; the submarginal line
whitish, with but slight traces of the dark patches on each side of
it ; the cilia grey.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 22 millirn.

2081. Metachrostis punctigera, WU&. Cat. xxxii, p. 685; Hmpsn.

III. Het. viii, pi. 143, tig. 6 ; C. Sf 8. no. 2129.
Gramniodes excavata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 973 ; C. $• 8. no. 2677.

Head and thorax purplish red-
brown ; abdomen fuscous. Fore
wing purplish brown, with five in-
distinct brown lines before the
middle, often almost obsolete ; an
erect medial line, beyond \vhich
the whole outer area is suffused

Metachrostis p^lyera, <f . }. w>* W* chestnut; the reniform

with its lower halt surrounded by

black specks ; a double postmedial ochreous line, acutely angled
below the costa, then straight and oblique to inner margin ; three
ochreous costal specks towards apex; an irregularly waved sub-
marginal pale line. Hind wing fuscous ; both wings with a fine
pale marginal line. Underside of hind wing irrorated with
ochreous ; a cell-spot, and postmedial and submarginal lines.

In some specimens vein 7 of the fore wing almost touches
8 and 9.

Hab. Japan ; China ; Dharmsala ; throughout the Bombay and
Madras Presidencies ; Australia. Exp. 26-32 millim.

2082. Metachrostis bipars, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 75, pi. 145,

fig. 2.

cJ . Differs from punctigera in the fore wing having the black
marks round the reniform more prominent ; the postmedial line
slightly undulated between the angle and inner margin ; the sub-
marginal line dentate.

$ with the cilia pinkish.

Hab. Nilgiris. Ejcp. 30 miliiin.

330 NOCTUIDJE.

2083. Metachrostis honesta, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 677; C. & S.

no. 2136.

2 • Differs from punctigera in being much more ochreous in
tone ; fore wing with the outer half paler chestnut ; the post-
inedial line excurved beyond the cell instead of angled.

Hob. Coimbatore. Exp. 22 millim.

2084. Metachrostis itwarra, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 452. pi. 27,

fig. 14; a $ S. no. 2127.

5 . Differs from punctigera in the postmedial line of the fore
wing not being angled, but having three undulations ; the sub-
marginal line excurved at middle.

Hub. Karachi; Poona; Nilgiris. Exp. 22-26 millim.

2085. Metachrostis badia, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1886. p. 445 ; C. $ S.

no. 1828.

Differs from itwarra in being redder brown. Fore wing with
the subbasal and antemedial lines almost obsolete ; the medial line
bounding the chestnut shade oblique towards inner margin ; the
black spots round the reniform smaller ; the postmedial line more
incurved between vein 4 and the inner margin ; the submarginal
line and marginal specks very indistinct.

Hob. Bombay ; Mhow. Exp. 18 millim.

2086. Metachrostis venata, Butl 111. Het. vii, p. 70, pi. 130, fig. 12.

Differs from punctigera in being violaceous grey-brown. Fore
wing with the subbasal lines very indistinct ; the outer half with the
veins pale and unevenly suffused with fuscous ; the black specks
round the reniform more prominent ; the postmedial line excurved
between veins 2 and 7 instead of angled ; the submarginal line
whitish and excurved at middle. Hind wing pale fuscous.

Hob. Dharmsala. Exp. 22 millim.

2087. Metachrostis mallarba, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 452, pi. 27,

fig. 3; C. 8f S. no. 2128.

Differs from venata in being dark fuscous. Fore wing with
double subbasal and antemedial lines on pale bands.
Hob. Pooua ; Thyetmyo, Burma. Exp. 22 millim.

2088. Metachrostis uberosa, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 457 ; C. # &

no. 1898.

$ . Differs from mallarba in having a greenish-yellow tinge.
Fore wing with the subbasal and antemedial lines curved and
indistinct ; the postmedial line more angled beyond the reniform ;
the submarginal line more sinuous ; the veins not pale.

Hal. Poona. Exp. 16 millim.

METACHROSTIS. 331

2089. Metachrostis pulla, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 456, pi. 27, fig. 15 ;

C. fy S. no. 1845.

Pale reddish brown. Fore wing with the subbasal, ante- and
postmedial double waved lines indistinct and obscured by fuscous
suffusion ; the submarginal waved line almost obsolete and arising
from a dark costal triangular patch. Hind wing dark fuscous ;
underside with cell-spot and irregularly waved postmedial line.

The Gran jam special en has the fore* wing more variegated ; the
reniform slate-colour ; a dark spot on outer margin below apex.

Hob. Granjam ; Poona ; Nilgiris. Exp. 24 millim.

2090. Metachrostis fusca, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 97, pi. 162, fig. 9.

5 . Differs from pulla in having the outer area of fore wing
dark ; the lines better denned ; the triangular patch of costa near
apex much broader and with a black mark on its lower edge.
Underside of hind wing with regularly curved postmedial aud sub-
marginal lines.

Hub. Ceylon. Exp. 28 millim.

2091. Metachrostis arenacea, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 97, pi. 162,

2 . Differs from fusca in being ochreous suffused with rufous.
Fore wing with a small black ring-mark representing the orbicular ;
the inner edge of the reniform a black <-mark ; postmedial line
indistinct, with a black speck on it beyond the cell ; a series of
marginal black specks. Underside of hind wing with the cell-spot
and lines more prominent.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 30 millim.

2092. Metachrostis separata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 752 ; C. $ S.

no. 2332.

cJ . Reddish grey-brown ; palpi with the 2nd joint black at
sides ; a black spot* at base of abdomen. Fore wing with basal and
antemedial black spots on the costa ; a large dark patch on centre
of costa extending to near lower angle of cell ; the reniform very
indistinct, with some dark specks on its outer and lower edges ;
traces of a sinuous postmedial line with two dark specks on it at
vein 2 ; a subtriangular dark costal patch before apex with white
specks on it ; traces of a sinuous submarginal line and marginal
series of specks.

Vein 7 of the fore wing touches 8 and forms an areole.

Hab. " N. India." Exp. 32 millim.

2093. Metachrostis divisa, n. sp.

$ . Differs from arenacea in being red-brown. Fore wing with
an oblique medial straight line, the area beyond it darker ; a black

332

spot beyond the lunule at end of cell ; some black streaks below
the subtriangular costal patch, which is red-brown; the sub-
marginal line dentate.

Another form has the basal area of fore wins: grey, running out
to a point below the reniform ; the outer area much redder and
without the dark subapical streak.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 38 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

2094. Metachrostis semialba, n. sp.

d . Ochreous white. Fore wing with the apical area red-
brown from middle of costa to anal angle ; dark red-brown patches
on centre of costa and before apex ; the reniform indistinct ; a
postmedial line highly angled below the costa, with a bluish- white
patch inside its costal portion ; a marginal series of black and
white specks. Hind wing suffused with fuscous; a marginal
series of black specks.

Hob. Momeit, Burma (Doherty). Exp. 26 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

2095. Metachrostis trigona, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 74, pi. 145, fig. 4.

<S . Head and collar dark red-brown ; thorax, abdomen, and fore
wing grey, irrorated with dark-brown scales, the last with traces of
waved lines ; an antemedial triangular patch on the costa and larger
medial patch extending to lower angle of cell and with two black
specks on it ; outer area suffused with brown, with pale waved
submarginal and marginal lines. Hind wing fuscous ; underside
paler, with cell-spot, postmedial and submarginal lines.

JJab. Nilgiris. Exp. 24 millim.

2096. Metachrostis brunnea, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 74, pi. 145,

fig. 11.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous, the last with slightly
paler segmental rings. Pore wing brown, thickly irrorated and
suffused with dark brown and with slight traces of waved transverse
lines ; some indistinct black spots on costa; a dark patch on outer
margin below apex : a marginal series of black specks. Hind wing
dark fuscous.

Hob. Nilgiris. Exp. 22 millim.

b. Fore wing with the outer margin excurved at centre.

2097. Metachrostis excisa, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 76, pi. 145, fig. 21.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark red-brown. Fore wing suffused
with grey and rufous ; indistinct subbasal, antemedial, postmedial,
and submarginal waved lines, the postmedial line highly excurved
beyond the cell ; the orbicular represented by a speck ; the reni-

METACHEOSTIS. — NARANGA. 333

form with slight black outline; a dark triangular patch on the
costa before apex, with three rufous costal specks on it ; cilia bright
rufous. Hind wing dark fuscous, the cilia rufous. Underside :
fore wing with dark striae on the costa towards apex and ochreous
streaks on the veins near outer margin ; hind wing with cell-spot,
curved postmedial line, and submarginal series of ochreous spots.
Hob. Nilgiris. Exp. 26 millim.

2098. Metachrostis emarginata, Hmpsn. Ill Set. viii, p. 76, pi. 145,

99

Dark violaceous grey ; palpi blackish. Pore wing with indistinct
subbasal line ; a waved antemedial line angled at middle and arising
from a chocolate spot on the costa ; a large triangular medial costal
patch, its outer edge denned by white and with a waved line arising
from it; reniform large and ill-defined ; the postmedial line highly
exciirved beyond cell and bent outwards towards inner margin ; a
large truncate triangular costal patch before apex, with three white
costal specks on it, its outer edge defined by white ; an irregularly
waved submarginal line. Hind wing dark fuscous ; underside with
cell-spot and irregularly curved indistinct postmedial line.

Nab. Simla ; Nilgiris. Exp. 23 millim.

Genus NARANGA.

Naranga, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 359.

Type, N. diffusa, Wlk.

Range. Japan; Formosa; throughout India, Ceylon, and
Burma ; Java.

Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching above vertex of head and
smoothly scaled, the 3rd minute; antennae somewhat thickened,
annulate, and minutely ciliated in male ; thorax and abdomen
without tufts. Pore wing with veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing
with veins 3 and 4 from cell or on a short stalk.

2099. Naranga diffusa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 779 ; C. $ S. no. 1814.

Naranga quadrivittata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 134 ; C. 8f S. no. 1815.
Naranga ferruginea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 134 ; C. # S. no. 1813.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen
brownish ochreous. Pore wing
bright straw-yellow ; the basal
area ferruginous red ; a medial
oblique ferruginous band ; a broad
marginal ferruginous band ; cilia
yellow. Hind wing smoky black,

Naranga diffusa, <$. |. the cilia yellow. Underside dark

fuscous; the costa of fore wing
and outer margin of both wings yellow.

334

$ . Paler yellow. Fore wing without the basal red patch, the
medial band narrow and somewhat indistinct ; the marginal rufous
markings reduced to an indistinct narrow oblique band from the
apex. Hind wing and underside ochreous, sometimes suffused
slightly with fuscous.

The form quadrivittata has the medial band obsolescent from the
costa to vein 2.

Hah. Japan ; Formosa ; Dharmsala ; Peninsular India and
Ceylon ; Burma ; Java. Exp., J 18, $ 22 inillim.

2100. Naranga curvifera, Wlk. Trans. Ent. Soc. 3rd ser. i, p. 91 ;

C. $ S. no. 1906.

Erastria securifera, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 58.
Hyela senna, Sioinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 148, pi. 8, fig. 14.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown. Fore wing brown ; a
broad white costal band slightly suffused with brown and expanding
in and beyond the end of cell, where it encloses a brown spot ; a
marginal brown-suffused white band. Hind wing fuscous.

Hob. Ceylon; Rangoon; Borneo. Exp. 16 millim.

2101. Naranga albistriga, Hmpsn. HI. Het. ix, p. 96, pi. 162, fig. 4.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown. Fore wing pale
brown, the basal half darkest and with oblique edge ; a white fascia
in the cell expanding into a triangular spot at end of it ; reniform
indistinct and white, with a brownish centre ; an indistinct white
line from it to inner margin ; a whitish subapical lunule bounding
a dark patch on the margin. Hind wing fuscous.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 26 millim.

Genus RIVULA.
Kivula, Guen. Dup. Cat. Lep. Eur. p. 206 (1844).

Type, R. sericealis, Schiff.

Range. Nearctic, Palaearctic, Oriental, and Australian regions.

Palpi porrect, the 2nd joint thickly scaled, the 3rd minute ; a
sharp frontal tuft ; antennae minutely ciliated ; thorax and
abdomen smoothly scaled ; the typical section has the tibiae of male
nearly naked. Fore wing with the apex nearly rectangular ;
veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked.

SECT. IT. Hind tibiae of male with a small tuft of curved scales
from extremity on outer side.

2102. Rivula bioculalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 614 ; C. $ S. no. 3025.
Hydrelia opalescens, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 64, pi. 129, fig. 10.
Hydrelia auripaJpis, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 64, pi. 129, fig. 8.
Hydrelia pallida, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 197; C. $ S. no. 3028.

EIVULA. 335

Rivula trilineata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 291.

Meranda inconspicua, Butl Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 583.

Yellow-brown ; the palpi yellow. Fore wing with a series of
white specks on the costa; an indistinct, antemedial, highly
angled line ; two black specks at end of cell on a grey patch ; a

Fig. 178. — Eivula bioculalis,

postmedial waved line exctirved round end of cell; a marginal
series of black and white specks. Hind wing suffused with fuscous.

Trilineata = opalescens is a large bright form with the post-
medial line of fore wing almost straight from near apex to inner
margin ; auripalpis is smaller and very dark red-brown, the hind
Mdng dark.

Hab. Himalayas ; Kbasis ; Calcutta ; Mlgiris ; Ceylon ; Burma ;
Andaraans ; Borneo. Exp. 16-24 millim.

2103. Rivula basalis, Hmpsn. III. Set. viii, p. 101, pi. 148, fig. 3.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark red-brown. Fore wing with
the basal area dark red-brown, bounded by a curved ochreous
antemedial line ; two dark specks at end of cell ; an ochreous line
from middle of costa, angled outwards to near apex, then oblique
to inner margin ; some pale specks on costa towards apex ; a
marginal series of black specks. Hind wing dark fuscous.

Some

Hah.

I lH O^J. O.O.} \J±- (LUtwl^IX Q LJt/^IVQ, J-J-Ll-HJ. VVJ.l_l£l VtCUA J_U,O^V/U.O«

te specimens are much paler, being greyish red-brown.
>. Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 18 millim.

SECT. III. Mid and hind tibiae of male fringed with long hair.

2104. Rivula renalis, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 250; C. $ S. no. 3037.

Head and thorax ochreous brown ; abdomen fuscous. Fore
wing ochreous brown ; an antemedial series of black specks ; a
large black spot at end of cell : an obliquely curved postmedial
series of black specks ; a marginal series of specks. Hind wing
dark fuscous. Underside with the costa of fore wing ochreous ;
hind wing ochreous, with lunule at end of cell.

Nab. Ceylon. Exp. 22 millim.

2105. Rivula biatomea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 29 ; C. $ S. no. 3034.

cJ . Pale ochreous. Fore wing irrorated with fuscous, especially
on outer area ; the base of costa dark ; two black specks at end of
cell ; an indistinct curved subinarginal series of dark specks, and

336 NOCTUIDJE.

marginal prominent series. Hind wing with the inner half fuscous
brown ; a marginal series of dark specks.
Hab. Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 28 millim.

2106. Rivula ochracea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 197 ; C. fy S. no. 3036.
Rivula biatomea, Butl. 111. Het. vii, p. 17 (nee Moore}.

2 . Bright straw-yellow. Fore wing with two black specks at
end of cell ; a marginal series of minute specks. Hind wing
suffused with fuscous.

Hab. Dharmsala ; Calcutta. Exp. 16 millim.

Genus TATHODELTA.

Tathodelta, Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix, p. 135 (1893).

Type, T. purpurascens, Hmpsn.

Range. Ceylon.

Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head, the 2nd joint thickly
scaled, the 3rd minute ; antenna3 of male with long fasciculated
cilia ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled, the latter long with
large anal tuft in male. Fore wing with the apex rounded ; veins
7, 8, 9 stalked ; 10, 11 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 stalked.

2107. Tathodelta purpurascens, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 135, pi. 168,

fig. 15.

d . Head and collar chestnut ; thorax greyish fuscous ; abdomen
brown. Fore wing brown, suffused with grey; traces of an ante-
medial waved line ; two black specks at end of cell ; a postmedial

Fig. 179. — Tathodelta purpurascens,

line excurved round cell ; traces of an irregular sub marginal line ;
a marginal series of black specks. Hind wing fuscous.
Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 24 millim.

Genus CINGALESA, nov.

Type, 0. strigicosta, Hmpsn.

Range. Ceylon.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the
3rd minute ; thorax and abdomen without tufts. Fore wing
with vein 6 absent ; 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3, 4
and 6, 7 stalked.

. PACHYLEPIS. 337

2108. Cingalesa strigicosta, Ilmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 100, pi. 162,
fig. 14.

$ . Head and collar black ; thorax yellowish white ; abdomen
fuscous. Fore wing ochreous ; costa black, with some black and
white strigae on it ; subbasal and antemedial lines represented by a

Fig. 180. — Cingalesa strigicosta,

few black scales ; the postmedial black line indistinct and excurved
round the traces of a brownish reniform ; outer margin and cilia
black, expanding into a patch below the apex. Hind wing and
underside fuscous black, the latter with cell-spot and postmedial
line to hind wing.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 20 millim.

Genus PACHYLEPIS.

Paohylepis, Feld. Reis. Nov., ErU. pis. 75-107, p. 7 (1864).

Type, P. dilectissima, Wlk.

Range. S. India ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Borneo.

Palpi upturned, short, smoothly scaled, and not reaching vertex
of head ; antennae simple, somewhat thickened in the male ; thorax
and abdomen without tufts. Fore wing with the cilia non-cren-
ulate ; veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 and
(>, 7 from angles of cell.

2109. Pachylepis dilectissima, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1751.

Pachylepis limacodina, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 83, fig. 12.

Head and thorax bright ferruginous, the vertex of head, collar,
and metathorax with sulphur-yellow patches ; abdomen black
with narrow white rings, and the anal tuft white. Fore wing

Fig. 181.— Pachylepis dilectissima, tf. |.

ferruginous with a yellow patch ; a series of costal specks : a
medial series of spots consisting of a large spot on the costa, two
towards inner margin, and two small spots at middle ; a series of
VOL. TI. z

338

large marginal and cilial spots and two specks on inner margin.
Hind wing black, with a series of white cilial spots. Underside
variegated with white.

The Bornean race has the outer of the two central spots of the
medial band larger.

Hob. Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Borneo. Exp., J 24, $ 30 millim.

2110. Pachylepis dicycla, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1964 ; C. fy S. no. 1833.

Head and thorax bright sulphur-yellow and ferruginous ; ab-
domen ochreous. Fore wing bright sulphur-yellow ; the basal
area variegated with ferruginous ; a figure-of-8 mark at end of
cell ; outer area ferruginous, with a series of yellow triangular
marginal marks and the cilia spotted with yellow. Hind wing
white with broad fuscous marginal band. Underside whitish.

Hob. "N.India"; Eangoon. Exp. 24 millim.

Genus EUBLEMMA.

Eublemma, Hiibn. Verz. p. 256 (1818).

Anthophila, Ochs. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 93 (1816) (pneocc.).

Porphyrinia, Hiilm. Verz. p. 256 (1818).

Eronome, Hiibn. Verz. p. 256.

Heliomanes, Sodoffsky, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. pt. x, p. 16 (1837).

Micra, Guen. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x, p. 225 (1841).

Mestleta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 829 (1865).

Type, E. respersa, Hiibn., from Europe.

Range. N. and S. America ; Africa ; Palaearctic and Oriental
regions ; Australasia.

Palpi upturned and reaching just above vertex of head, the 3rd
joint short ; antennae minutely ciliated in male ; thorax and
abdomen smoothly scaled ; legs short, the tibiae moderately hairy.
Eore wing with the apex somewhat produced and depressed ; veins
6 and 7 from angle of cell ; 8, 9, 10 stalked from before the angle.
Hind wing with veins 3, 4 and 6, 7 from angles of cell.

Larvae with two pairs of abdominal prolegs.

SECT. I. Male with no pit in the membrane of fore wing
towards apex, which is somewhat acute.

2111. Eublemma bulla, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 518, pi. 47, fig. 9;

C. $ S. no. 1880.

Marimatha pura, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 456, pi. 28, fig. 16 ;
C. $ S. no. 1868.

c? . Ochreous white. Eore wing with a few black scales at
middle and end of cell, near inner margin and at outer angle.
Hind wing pure white ; fuscous towards outer margin in the
Simla specimen.

Hob. Simla ; Karachi ; Poona. Exp. 20 millim.

EUBLEMMA. 339

2112. Eublemma pulchra, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 451; C. $ S.

no. 26D5.

cJ. Head and collar ochreous white; thorax pale pink; ab-
domen pale fuscous. Fore wing pinkish white ; some ochreous
suffusion in and below the cell ; some irregularly dentate white
marks on the apical part of outer margin, defined inwardly by
dark suffusion. Hind wing fuscous.

Nab. Mhow. Exp. 23 millim.

2113. Eublemma amabilis, Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii, p. 54, pi. 150,

fig. 12 ; C.fy S. no. 1909.

Ochreous white. Fore wing with antemedial diffused brown
line, angled outwards in cell, the area beyond it suffused with
pink except at costa ; an irregularly dentate sub marginal whitish
line with diffused brown on its inner edge ; the area beyond it
slightly suffused with pink except at costa. Hind wing with
the base pale ; an indistinct antemedial brown line ; a submarginal
pale line excurved at centre, with a brown patch on its inner side
and diffused pink beyond it.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 24 millim.

2114. Eublemma virginea, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 248.

Hypena quinquelinealis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 612 ; C. $ S.
no. 2907.

Head and collar bright orange-fulvous. Fore wing white, more
or less suffused with pink ; the costa yellowish ; two postmedial
dark lines highly angled at vein 6 ; a white patch at apex with a
pink spot on it ; a pale marginal line. Hind wing whitish.

The specimen from Simla has the fore wing suffused with fuscous
instead of pink; the apical spot brown; the hind wing pale
fuscous, with indistinct postmedial line. The specimens from
New Guinea and Australia have an indistinct submarginal line to
the fore wing.

Hab. Simla ; Burma ; Andamans ; Java ; New Guinea ;
Australia. Exp. 22 millim.

2115. Eublemma polygramma, Dup. iii, Suppl. p. 619, pi. 44, 3 a, b.

Anthophila argillacea, Eversm. Faun. Lep. Voty.- Ural, ii, p. 339.
Thalpochares nuda, Christ. Stettin. Ent. Zeit. 1862, p. 221.

Differs from virginea in being paler. Fore wing with only one
line, which is more acutely angled and white ; the costa white.
Hind wing with a white medial line.

Hal. Europe ; Dharmsala. Exp. 18 millim.

2116. Eublemma acontioides, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 179, pi. 5, fig. 15 ;

C. 8f S. no. 2799.

Mestleta interrupta, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii. p. 209, pi. 175, fig. 7 ;
C. $ S. no. 2805.

340 NOCTUIDJE.

Whitish ; the head and collar chestnut. Fore wing with some
black specks on the basal half ; a diffused oblique brown baud
from the apex to centre of inner margin ; a postmedial line from
the costa to vein 3 ; an indistinct series of submarginal specks.
Hind wing with a brown patch on the centre of inner margin :
the outer margin suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Calcutta ; Ceylon ; Java. Exp. 16 rnillim.

2117. Eublemma futilis, Sivinh. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 517, pi. 47, fig. 8;
C. $ S. no. 1798.

2 . White. Fore wing with a short subbasal line ; waved ante-
and postmedial lines, the latter excurved round cell, the area
between them fuscous, with a few rufous scales and dark lunule on
discocellulars ; the outer area suffused with fuscous. Hind wing
with the inner and outer areas suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Karachi. Exp. 16 millim.

Micra derogata, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 825; Moore, Lep. Ccyl. iii,

B81.

2118. Eublemma rosita, Guen. Noct. ii. p. 245.
~lcra derogata, Wlk. Cat. xii,
pi. 150, fig. 18 ; C. 8f S. no. 188

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous white. Fore wing with
the basal area ochreous white, bounded by a very oblique fulvous
line, beyond which the area is bright pink ; the outer margin
white suffused with fulvous ; ^two white spots near outer angle,

Fig. 182. — Eublemma rosita, <J. f.

with some black scales on their outer edge. Hind wing pale,
suffused with fuscous towards outer margin ; some specimens have
the pink area somewhat restricted.

Bab. Arabia ; throughout India and Ceylon ; Formosa ; Aus-
tralia. Exp. 14--18 millim.

2119. Eublemma ''•os eana, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 370; C. $ S.
no. 1896.

Differs from rosita in the fore wing having the line inwardly
bounding the pink patch curved, its outer edge bounded by a
sinuous line excurved round end of cell ; the white spots near
outer angle absent.

Hah. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; W. and S. India. Exp.
14 millim.

ETTBLEMMA. 341

2120. Eublemma rivnla, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 140 ; C.fy S. no. 1895.
Micra chalybea, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 518. pi. 47, fig. 10 ;

C. $ S. no. 1900.

Differs from roseana in having no pink between the medial
oblique line and excurved postmedial line.

Hob. Peninsular India ; Australia. Exp. 14 millim.

2121. Eublemma parva, Hubn. Eur. Schmett., Noct. fig. 3/56.
Thalpochares parvula, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 369 ; C. fy S.

no. 1893.

Differs from rivula in the medial line of the fore wing being
less oblique ; the postmedial line less excurved beyond the cell.
Hob. Europe; Bombay. Exp. 16-18 millim.

2122. Eublemma albida, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881. p. 370; C. # 8.

no. 1890.

Differs from rivula in the ground-colour being pure white ; the
submarginal line not bent inwards at costa and towards inner
margin, but sinuous and angled inwards at vein 3.

Hob. Bombay. Exp. 14 millim.

2123. Eublemma bifasciata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 371 ; C. & S.

no. 1891.

White ; the collar ochreous. Fore wing with the base of costa
ochreous yellow ; a broad yellow medial band ; the outer area
yellow with sinuous inner edge.

Hah. Allahabad. Exp. 12 millim.

2124. Eublemma cretacea, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 96, pi. 162, fig. 17.

$ . Pure white ; head and collar reddish brown. Fore wing
with a short subbasal fuscous line ; a sinuous antemedial line ; the
medial area slightly suffused with grey ; a postmedial line excurved
round the reniform, which has a blackish outline ; some sub-
marginal patches of grey shading ; a subapical black speck ; some
rufous on apical part of margin. Hind wing with traces of post-
medial, submarginal, and marginal diffused fuscous lines.
Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 18 millim.

2125. Eublemma divisa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 371 ; id. Lep. Ceyl

iii, pi. 150, fig. 10 ; C. 8f S. no. 1882.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale bright yellow, the thorax
slightly tinged with pink. Fore wing with the basal half yellow,
bounded by a slightly oblique white and black line, beyond which
the area is bright pink with a slight cupreous tinge ; an indistinct
slightly sinuous submarginal line. Hind wing yellow.

The African form has the submargiual line of fore wing pure
white.

Hal). Accra, W. Africa ; Bombay ; Sikhim ; Bengal ; Granjam ;
Ceylon. Ea'p. 18 millim.

342 NOCTUIDJE.

2126. Eublemma hemirhoda, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 799; C. & S.

no. 1883.

Anthophila roseifascia, Wlk. Cat xxxiii, p. 803.
Thalpochares adulans, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 108, fig. 11.

Bright ocbreous yellow. Fore wing with the outer half bright
rosy pink, bounded inwardly by an oblique white line ; a sub-
marginal ochreous band not reaching the costa ; cilia whitish at
extremities. Hind wing ochreous, fuscous towards outer margin,
with patches of pink on vein 1 and at anal angle.

Hob. Ganjam ; Ceylon ; Java ; N. Guinea. Exp. 22 millim.

1843.

1887.

2127. Eublemma olivacea, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 795 ; C. fy S. no. 11
Anthophila nebulifera, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 802 ; C. fy 8. no.

Ochreous white. Fore wing slightly suffused with brown ;
traces of subbasal, antemedial, medial, and postmedial pale lines,
a large triangular olive-green patch on the outer area, with an
excision on its upper edge, above which is a black speck, and
joined to an olive patch on the discocellulars, on which is a black
line ; some rufous suffusion above end of cell. Hind wing white,
in some specimens suffused with fuscous towards outer margin.

Nab. Punjab ; Coimbatore ; Ceylon. Exp. 22-26 millim.

2128. Eublemma obscura, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 178, pi. 6, fig. 10;

C. fy S. no. 2795.

£ . Head and collar black-brown ; thorax grey in front, reddish
behind ; abdomen fuscous with slight pale rings, reddish at base.
Fore wing ochreous suffused with fuscous brown and with a slight
reddish tinge ; indistinct waved ante- and postmedial lines, the
area between them darker, the latter excurved to costa, where it
has a white speck on it ; some white specks on costa towards apex,
traces of a sinuous submarginal line. Hind wing fuscous brown,
with indistinct medial line, the area beyond it paler ; a marginal
ochreous line to both wings.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 24 millim.

2129. Eublemma abrupta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 830 ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl iii. pi. 174, figs. 2, 2 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2798.

Pale red-brown ; head and collar dark chestnut. Fore wing
with some dark specks in the cell ; a postmedial chestnut line,
which is highly angled at vein 6 and double from there to inner
margin ; two submarginal curved series of black and white specks ;
an apical pale patch, with some dark suffusion round it. Hind
wing with double oblique medial line, and postmedial and sub-
marginal series of black and white specks. Underside grey,
suffused with reddish and irrorated with black ; the basal area of
fore wing orange.

Larva reddish, writh black streaks, lateral dots, and yellow trans-
verse stripes ; paired oblique white stripes across 9th and 10th

EUBLEMMA. 343

somites ; the 5th, 6th, 7th, and llth somites with dorsal promi-
nences ; the 3rd, 4th, and 5th each with four spatulate dorsal
filaments. Food-plant Ficus. Pupa in a small cocoon attached to
a leaf.

Hob. Bombay ; Poona ; Ceylon. Exp. 20 millim.

2130. Eublemma angulifera, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 179 ; id. Lep. Ceyl

iii, pi. 175, figs. 2, 2 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2800.

Differs from abrupta in being suffused with purplish pink.
Wings with but faint traces of the two subraargiual series of
specks. Fore wing with no pale patch at apex. Underside bright
ochreous.

Larva red-brown, without spatulate filaments. Pupa in a small
dark red cocoon.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 24 millim.

2131. Eublemma duplexa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 611, pi. 60, fig. 5 ;

C. 8> S. no. 2804.

2 . Orange-yellow, with a brownish tinge. Fore wing with
faint antemedial and medial strigae from the costa ; a postmedial
oblique brown line angled below the costa and with an ill-defined
purplish-grey band beyond it ; some submarginal blackish specks.
Hind wing with the oblique brown line medial, and the purplish
band better defined.

Hob. Andamans. Exp. 22 millim.

SECT. II. Fore wing with the apex produced into a slight lobe.

2132. Eublemma quadrapex, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 91, pi. 147,

fig. 15.

$ . Bright yellow. Fore wing with some dark specks in the
cell ; a postmedial line very highly angled at vein 6, with a sinuous
line beyond it, the area between them purple ; a pinkish-white
patch on the costa before apex, which is purplish with a deep
chestnut spot ; a dentate submarginal line. Hind wing with an
oblique medial chestnut band, with an irregularly dentate line
beyond it, the area between them purple ; traces of a submarginal
series of black specks ; cilia of both wings chestnut, the tips white
with a bright pink line through them.

Hub. Mlgiris ; E. Pegu. Exp. 24 millim.

SECT. III. Male with the membrane of fore wing depressed, and
forming a slight pit below the costa towards the apex.

2133. Eublemma trifasciata, Moore, P. Z. S. 188], p. 370, pi. 38,

fig. 21 ; C. Sf S. no. 1897.
Thalpochares quadrilineata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 370, pi. 38,

fig. 14 ; C. <f S. no. 1894.
Mestleta baccalix, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 462, pi. 40, fig. 7 ;

C. 8f S. no. 2801.
Mestleta fasciosa, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 552, pi. 214, fig. 12.

344

NOCTUIDJE.

<$ . Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing greyish rufous ; the
last with antemedial, medial, postmedial, and submarginal almost
straight oblique pale lines. Hind wing pale yellow, reddish
towards outer margin.

Hab. Karachi
22 milllm.

Mhow ; Mahableshwar ; Ganjam ; Ceylon.

Genus TROCTOPTERA.

Troctoptera, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 99 (1893).

Type, T. erubescens, Hmpsn.

Range. Khasis ; Ceylon.

Palpi slender and porrect ; antennae simple, the basal joint
thickened; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled. Fore wing with
the inner margin somewhat lobed towards base ; vein 5 from above
angle of cell ; 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind wing with the costa excised
before apex ; veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 6 and 7 from upper angle
of cell.

2134. Troctoptera erubescens, Hmpsn. III. Ilct. ix, p. 99, pi. 157,
fig. 16.

d" . Pinkish white. Fore wing with the apical area nearly pure
white, the pinkish area tinged with brown outwardly; a black

speck at centre of cell ; a short
reddish medial band between
vein 2 and inner margin,
traces of a curved submarginal
line with two minute black
specks on it at middle and
another above a black patch
on inner margin. Hind wing
whiter ; a rufous patch at
middle of costa, with a quad-

Fig. 183. — Troctoptera erubescens, rf.

rate white spot on it and a yellowish patch beyond it on the
costa ; a diffused submarginal rufous line.
Hab. Khasis ; Ceylon. Rrp. 20 millim.

Genus ZAGIRA.

Zaglra, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1637 (1866).
Gyrognatha, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 134 (1893).

Type, Z. acidaliaria, Wlk.

Range. Japan ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Borneo ;
Australia.

Differs from Eublemma in vein 8 of the fore wing being given
off from 7 and anastomosing with 9 to form the areole ; the legs
longer and more slender; palpi with the 3rd joint longer; abdo-
men with slight dorsal tufts.

Larvw with two pairs of abdominal prolegs.

ZAGiBA. 345

SECT. I. Palpi with the 3rd joint of moderate length ; fore
wing with vein 10 given off from the areole.

2 135. Zagira irrecta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1066 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Hi,

pi. 174, figs. 1, 1 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2606.
Seleuis niviapex, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1009.
Selenis vacillans, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 189.
Selenis inaequalis, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 189.

Head and collar chestnut ; thorax white, suffused with purplish
grey; abdomen fulvous; wings red-brown; fore wing with a broad
white purplish-suffused fascia on the costal area ; a postmedial
whitish line highly angled at vein 6 and slightly sinuous towards
inner margin ; two black subapical specks on white or ochreous

spots ; a white spot at apex and
another on outer margin below
the apex ; a marginal series of
black specks. Hind wing with
indistinct irregularly sinuous
medial and postmedial lines.
Underside with the base of wdngs
Fig. 184.— Zagira irrecta, $. \. reddish.

The African and Indian forms

are darkest ; the Bornean incequalis and vacillans are paler chestnut,
the latter with the postmedial line of fore wing almost straight
towards inner margin.

Larva purplish black, with short hairs ; a dorsal hump on llth
somite. Pupa in a reddish cocoon.

Nab. W. Africa ; Natal ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma;
Andamans ; Borneo. Exp. 24 millim.

2136. Zagira divisa, Wlk. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) i, p. 107 ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. iii, pi. 174, fig. 7 ; C. $ S. no. 2803.
Selenis semilux, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1069.
Selenis lauta, Butl. III. Het. ii, p. 44, pi. 34, fig. 1.

Differs from irrecta in the colour being red-brown or black-
brown ; the head black or chestnut ; the thorax and costal area of
the fore wing pure white, or suffused with reddish ochreous ; the
subapical markings absent, the fascia being continued to the
margin.

J/«b. Japan; China; throughout India and Ceylon. 7£rp. 20
millim.

2137. Zagira lunifera, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 209, pi. 175, fig. 3;

C. # S. no. 2607.

Differs from irrecta in the 3rd joint of palpus being longer; the
thorax and costal fascia suffused with reddish ochreous ; fore wing
with the postmedial line bent inwards and broken up into a series
of dark specks towards inner margin ; a white lunule on the sub-
marginal line below the subapical specks, the line being ochreous

346 NOCTUIDJE.

and oblique from the lunule to inner margin ; a dark dash from
the lower end of lunule to outer margin. Hind wing with an
ochreous curved submarginal line.

Hob. Aska, Ganjam ; Ceylon. Exp. 26 millim.

2138. Zagira longipalpis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1068; C. $ 8. no. 2794.

Differs from lunifera in the ground-colour being black-brown ;
the costal fascia more suffused with ochreous and continued almost
to the margin, obliterating the subapical markings ; a white spot
instead of the lunule : a submarginal curved series of ochreous
specks. Hind wing with a submarginal series of ochreous specks.

Hob. Moulinein. Exp. 26 millim.

2139. Zagira reticulata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 178, pi. vi, fig. 9 ;

C. $ S. no. 2796.

Differs from irrecta in the head and collar being white. Tore
wing with white lines along median nervure and discocellulars,
enclosing a space at end of cell ; a straight line thence to inner
margin ; the costal fascia not extending to the apex and connected
by two white lines to a whitish patch, with three dark specks on it,
on the outer margin ; an indistinct line from the patch to outer
angle. Hind wing with a ring-mark at end of cell ; a medial line
excurved round end of cell ; a submarginal line.

Hob. Dalhousie ; Sikhim. Exp. 24 inillim.

2140. Zagira multiguttata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 210, pi. 174,

fig. 8 ; C. # S. no. 2808.

Bright red-brown ; head and collar deep chestnut ; a white line
behind the collar ; abdomen with white specks. Fore wing with
traces of antemedial and postrnedial waved lines with minute white
specks on them ; a white spot at centre of cell and larger spot at
end of it ; submarginal and marginal series of white specks ; a
white spot at apex and two subapical spots. Hind wing with a
few white specks on the basal area and very numerous spots on
the outer half.

Hob. Nagas ; Ceylon. Exp. 20 millim.

2141. Zagira contentaria, Wlk. Cat. xxii, p. 639.

Chusaris punctilinealis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1175; Hmpsn. III.
Het. ix, pi. 167, fig. 27 ; C. # 8. no. 2935.

Ochreous, suffused with rufous and irrorated with black ; the
frons white. Fore wing with black speck at base ; an indistinct
waved antemedial line ; two white-ringed black specks at end of
cell ; a postmedial series of white specks incurved below end of
cell. Hind wing with black speck in cell ; curved postmedial
series of white specks ; both wings with marginal series of black
specks.

Hah. Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Borneo. Exp. 22 millim.

ZAGIBA.— CORGATHA. 347

SECT. II. Palpi with the 3rd joint minute ; fore wing with
vein 10 given off after the areole.

2142. Zagira acidaliaria, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1638.

Gyrognatha atriceps, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 134, pi. 168, fig. 10.

c? . Differs from punciilineaUs in being pinkish hrown ; the head
black. Hind wing with two black specks at end of cell; an
ochreous patch on postmedial line at inner margin.

Hob. Ceylon ; Borneo. Exp. 24 millim.

Genus CORGATHA.

Corgatha, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 215 (1858).
Zitna, Wlk. Cat, xxxiv, p. 1276 (1865).

Type, G. zonalis, Wlk.

liange. Japan ; Sikhim ; Manipur ; Mlgiris ; Ceylon ; Borneo.
Differs from Zagira in the palpi being porrect ; the 2nd joint
triangularly scaled, the 3rd minute ; abdomen not tufted.

SECT. I. The outer margin of fore wing not excised below apex
nor angled at centre, of hind wing not angled at centre.

2143. Corgatha rubra, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 92, pi. 147, fig. 16.

Brick-red ; head with a whitish band between the base of
antennae. Fore wing with the costa black-
ish, white at apex ; a black speck at end of
cell ; a pale postmedial line slightly curved
below the costa ; a marginal series of black
specks. Hind wing with black speck at
end of cell ; a pale straight medial line ; a
marginal series of black specks. Underside
Fig. 185. whitish.

Corgatha rubra, <$. \. Hab. Nilgiris. Exp. 24 millim.

2144. Corgatha zonalis, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 216 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix,

pi. 167, fig. 16 ; C.% S. no. 2934.

5 . Differs from rubra in being paler ; an oblique antemedial
pale line ; the postmedial line more curved and less angled below
costa. Hind wing with the line postmedial instead of medial.
Hab. Ceylon. Ex p. 14 millim.

2145. Corgatha costinotalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 83 ; C. $ S.

no. 2870.

Capnodes minor, Moore, Lep. Ccyl. iii, p. 212, pi. 174, fig. 11;
C. Sf S. no. 2779.

Brick-red. Fore wing with subbasal, ante- and postmedial
white spots on the costa with dark edges ; traces of antemedial,
medial, and postmedial waved dark lines ; a marginal series of
black specks. Hind wing with ante- and postmedial indistinct
waved lines. Underside pale, with indistinct cell-spot and post-
medial line to both wings.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 24 milliin.

348 FOCTUID.E.

SECT. II. Fore wing with the outer margin excised below apex
and angled at centre.

A. Hind wing with outer margin sliylitly angled at centre.

2146. Corgatha excisa, n. sp.

$ . Eed-brown, suffused with grey. Fore wing with the veins
grey ; an antemedial pale line angled below the costa ; a dark spot
at end of cell ; a postmedial pale line excurved beyond cell ; an
indistinct irregularly sinuous subniarginal line and almost marginal
series of dark specks. Hind wing with the veins grey ; a straight
postmedial pale line, sinuous submarginal and almost marginal
series of dark specks. Underside with the disk of fore wing red.

Hob. Mao, Manipur (Doherty). Exp. 22 millim. Type in coll.
Elwes.

B. Hind wing with outer margin highly angled at centre.

2147. Corgatha falcatalis, n. sp.

$ . Dark red-brown. Fore wing with traces of an antemedial
dark line ; a diffused oblique medial line ; a postmedial waved line
excurved beyond cell ; a dark patch at apex and another at outer
angle. Hind wing with indistinct waved antemedial and medial
lines ; the apical area suffused with black.

Hab. Sikhim (Holler). Exp. 22 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

Genus ORTTZA.

Oruza, Wlk. Cat. xxiv, p. 1089 (1802).
Arasada, Moore, Lep. CeyL iii, p. 188 (1884).

Type, 0. costata, Wlk.

llamje. Sikhim ; Calcutta ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Java.

Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head, the 2nd joint hairy in
front, the 3rd minute ; antennas of male ciliated and with bristles at
the joints ; thorax and abdomen slightly scaled. Fore legs with
the femora and tibiae hairy ; hind legs of male with the tibiae and
tarsi fringed with hair on the outer side, the spurs very long and
fringed with short scales ; hind legs with the tibiae and tarsi
fringed with long hair on both sides and the spurs with scales.
Fore wing rather elongate, the apex rounded ; vein 8 anastomosing
with 9 and 10 to form the areole. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4
stalked.

Larvae with two pairs of abdominal prolegs.

2148. Oruza pyraliformis, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 189, pi. 172, figs. 1,

1 a ^larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2328.

c?. Brownish ochreous ; head and collar brown. "Wings irro-
rated with black scales 4 fore wing with the costa whitish and with
three dark specks towards apex; dentate ante- and postmedial

ORTIZ A. 349

indistinct dark lines, the latter oblique ; two dark specks at end
of cell ; a series of submarginal dentate dark spots and three black
subapical spots ; a marginal series of black specks. Hind wing
similar, but without the autemedial line ; the postnaedial line with
ochreous outer edge.

Fig. 186. — Oruza pyraliformis, <3 . \.

Larva with the head large and produced upwards ; colour green
with a dorsal yellowish band, lateral streaks and the stigmata
yellow; head and sides of thoracic somites black speckled; 1st
somite with lateral purple-brown streaks ; a blackish line between
4th and 5th somites ; some blackish lateral marks on terminal
somites. Pupates in a rolled-up portion of leaf.

Hal. Ceylon ; Java. Exp. 38 millim.

*2149. Oruza ruptifascia, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 290.

Pale pinkish brown ; the head brown. Fore wing with in-
distinct oblique antemedial line ; a spot at end of cell ; an oblique
slightly curved postmedial line ; traces of a submarginal line with
two black-brown spots on it below costa. Hind wing with traces
of an antemedial line ; a dark speck at end of cell ; a double post-
medial dark line filled in with white ; two submarginal fuscous
blotches, one near apex, the other towards inner margin ; both
wings with marginal series of black specks.

Hab. Calcutta. Exp. 24 millim.

*2150. Oruza fratercula, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 290.

Pale red-brown. Eore wing with small ring-spot at lower angle
of cell ; indistinct slightly curved postmedial line and two almost
straight submarginal lines, the outer obsolete towards costa. Hind
wing with speck at end of cell and three indistinct slightly curved
lines on outer area : both wings with marginal series of dark
specks.

Hab. Calcutta. Exp. 24 millim.

2151. Oruza albicosta, n. sp.

2 . Differs from pyraliformis in being reddish ochreous brown ;
a white line behind the collar and white fascia on costa of fore
wing ; the ante- and postmedial lines yellow and waved ; a white
black-ringed speck at lower angle of cell ; an irregular submar-
ginal series of yellow spots with a black spot towards outer angle

350

instead of the dentate marks. Hind wing with the two black
specks at end of cell prominent ; the medial line nearly straight
and edged by disconnected white marks.

Hob. Burma. Exp. 28 millim. Type in B. M.

2152. Oruza fasciosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 290, pi. viii, fig. 21.

$ . Differs from albicosta in being much more orange. Pore
wing with the costa narrowly white; the cell suffused with fuscous ;
the lines replaced by ill-defined bands ; a dark oblique band from
below apex to inner margin. Hind wing with one black speck at
end of cell ; the medial line yellow with dark suffusion inside it ;
two indistinct dark lines on outer area.
Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 36 millim.

2153. Oruza anisodoides, n. sp.

$ . Ochreous yellow ; head, collar, and fore femora and tibiaB
black ; a red line across the thorax ; abdomen irrorated with black,
the terminal segments with pale rings. Fore wing with greyish
costal fascia ; double ante- and post-medial and single submarginal
and almost marginal waved reddish lines ; a white black-ringed
spot at end of cell ; a marginal series of black specks. Hind wing
with a black speck at end of cell ; a straight medial oblique black
line with white outer edge ; indistinct postmedial and submargiual
lunulate lines ; a series of marginal black specks.

Hab. Ceylon (Green). Exp. 30 millim. Type in B. M.

2154. Oruza lycaugesaria, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 232.

$ . Differs from anisodoides in being whiter. Pore wing with
a dark vinous streak below the costa towards apex ; an oblique
streak across outer angle ; no ring-spot at end of cell. Hind wing
much suffused with pink and purplish fuscous : some yellow beyond
the white of the medial band ; a dark oblique streak below the
apex.

Hab. Rangoon. Exp. 26 millim.

2155. Oruza costata, Wlk. Cat. xxiv, p. 1089 ; C, $ S. no. 3688.

9 . Deep ferruginous red. Fore wing with an ochreous costal
fascia and some fuscous below it ; oblique ante- and postmedial
ochreous lines with fuscous inner edges ; a finer submarginal line
oblique from the costa to vein 4, then dentate to inner margin.
Hind wing with an ochreous line on the discocellulars ; a nearly
straight medial line and submarginal line similar to that on fore
wing ; the veins of both wings pale.

Hab. " India," Exp. 26 millim.

2156. Oruza pallescens, n. sp.

$ . Brownish ochreous ; head fuscous. Fore wing with a dark
subcostal fascia, a black and white speck at lower angle of cell ; an
oblique line from lower angle to inner margin ; an oblique band

OBUZA. — MICILESCHUS. 351

from outer margin below apex to inner margin, with a black speck
above it and speck beyond it at outer angle. Hind wing with
oblique medial diffused fuscous band and line just beyond its outer
edge ; a fuscous submarginal band with series of dark specks
beyond it.
'Hob. Calcutta. Exp. 23 millim. Type in B. M.

Genus PSEUDACIDALIA, nov.

Type, P. albicosta, Moore.

liange. Ceylon ; Burma.

$ . Palpi long, naked, and slender, the 2nd joint reaching above
vertex of head, the 3rd long ; antennae minutely ciliated ; thorax
and abdomen smoothly scaled ; tibiae not hairy. *Fore wing broad,
the apex nearly rectangular; veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing
with vein 5 from below centre of discocellulars.

2157. Pseudacidalia albicosta, Moore. Lev. Ceyl. iii, p 232: C & S

no. 3039.

$ . Eed-brown ; the head dark ; collar fringed with white.

Fore wing with the costa white,
a dark speck at lower angle
of cell ; an indistinct oblique
postmedial line ; traces of a
waved submarginal line ; a
marginal series of dark specks.
Hind wing with a medial pale

Fig. 187.— Pseudacidalia albicosta,$. j £\ „ •,

Hob. Ceylon. J£rp.34milhm.

2158. Pseudacidalia undulata. n. sp.

£ . Differs from albicosta in being rather paler brown. Fore
wing with traces of a waved antemedial line ; the postmedial line
waved ; a dark speck at middle of cell. Hind wing with indistinct
waved ante- and postmedial pale lines.

ffab. E. Pegu (Doherty). E.rp. 28 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

Genus MICR^ESCHUS.
Micraschus, ButlAnn. M. N. H. (o) i, p. 402 (1878).

Type, M. elatarim, Wlk.

Range. Ceylon ; Assam Hills ; Burma.

Palpi very slender and obliquely upturned, reaching vertex of
head ; antenna with fasciculated cilia in male ; thorax and abdomen
without tufts ; legs naked, with the spurs normal. Fore wing with
veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked.

Larvce with two pairs of abdominal prolegs.

352 NOCTUID^E.

SECT. I. Fore wing with the outer margin slightly
angled at vein 8.

2159. Micraeschus elatarius, Wlk. Cat. xxii, p. 665 j C. $8. no. 3965.

Pale yellow, speckled with crimson; the head and collar chest-
nut. Fore wing with the costa greyish and with a dark fascia
below it to end of cell, then bent downwards to the outer margin
at vein 3 ; the costa and fascia irrorated with metallic scales ; in-
distinct antemedial, medial, and postmedial waved crimson lines ;
a submarginal irregular series of white spots on the apical area.
Hind wing with traces of medial and postmedial crimson lines ; a
white spot at end of cell ; some white submarginal spots on apical
area ; both wings with dark marginal line irrorated with metallic
scales, the cilia orange.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 12 millim.

2160. MicraBSchus rosellus, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 126, pi. 170,

fig. 17.

S • Differs from elatarius in the dark margins, and also in the
costal streak and fascia of fore wing being much narrower ; the
submarginal white spots of both wings very large, with a large
additional spot on each wing towards inner margin.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 14 millim.

SECT. II. Fore wing with the outer margin evenly rounded.

2161. Micraeschus oblatarius, Wlk. Cat. xxii, p. 665 ; Moore, Lep.
Ceyl. iii, pi. 200, fig. 6; Hmpsn. III. Net. ix, pi. 176. fig. 17
(larva) ; C. $ S. no. 3966.

cJ . Bright brick-red ; the ver-
tex of head white. Fore wing
irrorated with dark specks ; the
costa dark, with white specks
on it ; very indistinct ante- and
postmedial pale lines, sometimes
speckled with black, and with a

?>lack blotch ^tween them on
inner margin ; a dark speck at
end of cell. Hind wing with a speck at end of cell ; pale ante-
and postmedial lines ; a dark marginal line irrorated with metallic
scales to both wings.

$ . Fore wing with the basal and outer areas paler than the
medial, and a distinct dentate submarginal line.

Larva smooth and cylindrical, covered with comminuted lichen
arranged in tufts on certain somites. Cocoon covered with lichen
and suspended by a cable of silk.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp., 3 16, $ 20 millim.

MICR^ESCHUS. 353

2162. Micraeschus regulatus, wik. Cat. xxiii, p. 794; C. $ S.

no. 3946.

Differs from oblatarius in having an oblique diffused sub-basal
line to the fore wing ; a black spot at end of cell ; the postmedial
line of both wings whiter and more regular ; no dark costal and
marginal lines irrorated with metallic scales.

Hob. Moulmein. Exp. 16 millim.

2163. Micrajsclms minutus, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 150, pi. 169,

fig. 18.

c? . Bed-brown ; frons chestnut ; shaft of antennae and a band
between their bases white. Fore wing with two oblique dark
medial lines from the costa to cell ; some specks towards apex.
Hind wing with a rufous band on discocellulars ; an irregularly
waved postmedial ochreous line.
Hab. Ceylon. E.rp. 14 millim.

2164. Micraeschus roseus, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 150, pi. 169, fig. 3.

£ . Bright pink ; the vertex of head white ; both wings with
traces of a dark speck at end of cell and irregular postmedial line ;
a dark marginal line ; the cilia bright yellow.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 20 millim.

2165. Micraeschus ustipennis, n. sp.

£ . Brick-red ; the vertex of head white. Fore wing with dark
ante- and postmedial lines, the latter excurved beyond cell ; a dark
spot at end of cell ; the costa and outer margin dark. Hind wing
with dark ante- and postmedial lines ; the outer margin dark.
Hab. Nagas (Doherty). Exp. 20 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

2166. Micraesclras gemmifer, n. sp.

(51 . Dull brown, irrorated with black. Fore wing with the costa
black, irrorated with a few metallic scales ; dark spots in and at
end of cell ; a black submarginal line with a series of metallic blue
spots on it and a dark subapical spot. Hind wing with traces of
ante- and postmedial waved lines ; a black submarginal line with
a series of metallic blue spots on it.

Hab. E.Fegu (Doherty). Exp. 16 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

Subfamily PALINDIIN^E.

Palpi slender and closely appressed to the frons. Scaling very
smooth and shining. Fore wings with veins 8 and 9 almost always
forming an areole. Hind wing with vein 5 fully developed and
usually from or from near lower angle of cell, rarely from neap
centre of discocellulars.

Larv ce with four pairs of abdominal prolegs and not semi-looping.
VOL. n. 2 A

354 NOCTUIDvE.

Key to the Genera.

A. Hind wing with vein 5 from near lower

angle of cell or well below centre of
discocellulars.

a. Fore wing with the inner margin not

arched.

a'. Fore wing with the outer margin
slightly angled from vein 5 to outer

angle 3. HAMADASA, p. 367.

V . Fore wing with the outer margin

evenly rounded.

a2. Abdomen without dorsal tufts.
a3. Fore wing with the inner mar-
gin curved, the apex rectan-
gular 4. WESTEBMANNIA, p. 358.

b3. Fore wing with the inner mar-
gin nearly straight.
a4. Fore wing with the apex

rounded 2. CALLYNA, p. 355.

b*. Fore wing with the apex

rectangular 7. BREVIPECTEN, p. 361.

62. Abdomen with dorsal tufts.
c3. Palpi reaching above vertex of
head ; abdomen with a series

of tufts 1. DINUMMA, p. 354.

d3. Palpi hardly reaching vertex of
head ; abdomen with one dor-
sal tuft 6. BRYOPHILOPSIS, p. 361.

b. Fore wing with the inner margin much

arched.

c'. Fore wing with the outer margin
angled, veins 8 and 9 anastomosing

to form an areole 9. PTEROGONIA, p. 362.

d' '. Fore wing with the outer margin

rounded.
c2. Fore wing with veins 8, 9, 10

stalked 8. DOBANAGA, p. 362.

d?. Fore wing with veins 8 and 9 anas-
tomosing to form an areole. ... 5. NAGASENA, p. 360.

B. Hind wing with vein 5 from centre of

discocellulars ; fore wing with raised

bosses of metallic scales 10. HOMODES, p. 364.

Genus DINUMMA.
Dinumma, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1805 (1858).

Type, D. placens, Wlk.

Range. Japan ; China ; N.W. Himalayas ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ;
Burma ; Java.

Palpi smoothly scaled and upturned ; the 2nd joint reaching
just above vertex of head, the 3rd of moderate length. Antennae
minutely ciliated. Thorax smoothly scaled. Abdomen with a
series of dorsal tufts. Tibiae moderately hairy. Fore wing of

DINUMMA. — CALLYNA. 355

nearly even width throughout, the apex and outer margin rounded.
Hind wing with vein 5 from lower angle of cell.

2167. Dinumma placens, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1806; Moore, Lep. Ceyl

iii, pi. 156, fig. 11 ; C. $ S. no. 2398.
Dinumma varians, Bull. III. Het. vii, p. 73, pi. 131, figs. 9, 10.

J . Head aud thorax purplish black ; abdomen fuscous, with
the dorsal tufts black. Fore wing red-brown suffused with pur-
plish black ; a black basal patch : waved ante- and postmedial
lines, the latter angled beyond cell, the area between them black,
with a deeper black spot at end of cell ; a subapical black and
whitish spot on outer margin, with fine blue streaks across it ; a
similar spot, but with no whitish, above outer angle. Hind wing
fuscous.

2 with the antemedial and outer areas of fore wing redder.

Hcib. Dharinsala ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Rangoon. Exp. 26-34
millim.

2168. Dimimma deponens, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1806; C. fy S. no. 2394.
Dichonia bipunctata, Motsch. Et. Ent. 1860, p. 32.
Dinumma largeteaui, Oberih. Et. Etit. x, p. 28, pi. 11, fig. 7.

Differs from placens in the antemedial and outer areas of the
fore wing being purplish red-brown in both sexes; the basal
patch and medial band deep black, the latter with the inner edge

Fig. 189. — Dinumma deponens, <$ . }.

more sinuous, the outer more irregular, and with a purplish line
beyond it ; black patches on outer margin below apex and at
centre without blue lines on them.

Hab. Japan; China; Dharmsala. Exp. 40 millim.

Genus CALLYNA.

Callyna, Guen. Noct. i, p. 112 (1852).

? Calymera, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 104 (1882).

Type, C. siderea, Guen.

Range. S. Africa ; Japan ; throughout India, Ceylon, and
Burma; Andamans.

Palpi slender and closely appressed to f rons, the 3rd joint reaching
just above vertex of head. Antennae of male minutely ciliated ;

2A2

356 NOCTFID^E.

thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled. Fore wing of nearly even
breadth throughout ; the apex and outer margin rounded. Hind
wing with vein 5 from below centre of discocellulars.

169. Callyna siderea, Guen. Noct. i, p. 113 ; C. $ S. no. 2393.

Head, thorax, and abdomen black, the last with the terminal
segments orange; the legs marked with orange. Fore wing
shining black ; two orange specks near base and two on costa
before middle, the outer with a black line from it to vein 1 ; the
orbicular and reniform large, with black outlines and centres ; the
claviform black, with a line through it ; a white postmedial spot
on costa, with a curved line from it to inner margin, with some
white specks beyond it ; some white specks on costa towards apex ;
an apical white patch, tinged with yellow ; a submarginal series of
white specks and marginal series of orange specks. Hind wing
fuscous black, with the apex white.

Hab. Dharmsala ; Sylhet ; Poona. Exp. 34-42 millim.

2170. Callyna monoleuca, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1667; C. fy S. no. 2391.

Head, thorax, and fore wing deep chocolate ; the last with five
indistinct waved lines, the postmedial line excurved. round cell ;
some white specks on costa ; a white yellow-tinged apical spot.
Abdomen and hind wing fuscous, with a cupreous tinge. Under-
side with curved postmedial line to both wings.

Nab. Sikhim ; Assam ; Canara ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 42-
50 millim.

2171. Callyna jugaria, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1809; Hmpsn. III. Het.'ut,

pi. 163, tig. 20 ; C.$ S.. no. 2390.
Callyna semmtta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 161 : C. fy S. no. 2392.

Head and thorax purplish red-
brown ; in some specimens the
head is greyish and the collar
black-brown ; abdomen fuscous.
Fore wing deep chestnut-red;
the inner area and a subapical
streak purplish grey ; a short
subbasal ochreous or grey double
line ; a broad medial ochreous or
Fig. m.-Callyna jugaria, 3 . \. grey-speckled band, more or less

obsolete towards inner margin,

bounded by waved ante- and postmedial lines, the latter angled
beyond the cell, and with the orbicular and reniform spots on it
large and often white-edged ; an apical white patch ; a sinuous
submarginal line. Hind wing fuscous, with the cilia whitish
below apex.

Hab. Throughout India and Ceylon; Andamans. Exp. 48-68
millini.

CALLYWA.— RAMADASA. 357

2172. Callyna mystica, Wlk. Cat. XT, p. 1807 ; C. $ S. no. 2395.

Differs from jugaria in being duller chestnut-red. Fore wing
with the basal costal area reddish ochreous ; no pale suffusion on
medial band below the cell ; the orbicular and reniform stigmata
minute ; the postmedial line straight from the costa to angle
beyond cell. Hind wing without the white patch on cilia. Under-
side without the apical white patch to fore wing.

Hab. Moulmein. Exp. 40 millim.

2173. Callyna costiplaga, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 100, pi. 156, fig. 10;

C. 8f S. no. 2389.

Head dark red-brown ; collar black ; thorax and abdomen brown.
Fore wing brown with indistinct subbasal, antemedial, postmedial,
and submarginal waved lines ; large quadrate black costal patches
between the two former and the two latter ; the orbicular and
reniform indistinct. Hind wing dark fuscous ; the cilia ochreous.

Hab. Bombay ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 46 rnilliin.

*2174. Callyna ? picta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 104, pi. iv, fig. 7 ; C. $ S.
no. 1787.

$ . Head and thorax pale fuscous, with darker spots ; abdomen
pale fuscous. Fore wing pale brownish ochreous ; a dark spot at
base and two medial lines from cell to inner margin ; a large
chestnut postmedial patch from costa to near inner margin, its lower
part suffused with purple, and with a whitish lunule on the disco-
cellulars, a brown line on its outer edge, bent outwards to the
outer angle ; a marginal series of fuscous spots. Hind wing dark
fuscous.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 40 millim.

Genus RAMADASA.

Ramadasa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 603.
liaorisa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 133 (1882).

Type, E. pavo, Wlk.

Range. Sikhim ; Ceylon ; Andamans.

Palpi naked and upturned, flattened and reaching vertex of
head, the 3rd joint minute ; antennae simple ; thorax and abdomen
smoothly scaled ; tibiaB without spines ard slightly clothed with
hair. Fore wing with the outer margin oblique from vein 5 to
outer angle ; veins 8 and 9 anastomosing to form an areole.

SECT. I. (Ramadasa). Fore wing of male with veins 3, 4, 5 curved
at their bases; the membrane in the cell and iuterno-median
interspace slightly ridged, probably for stridulation.

2175. Ramadasa pavo, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 147; Moore, Lep. teyl. iii,
pi. 149, fig. 1 ; C. # S. no. 1784.

Head and thorax clothed with grey brown-mottled scales ; the

358

frons barred with orange and metallic blue-black ; the abdomen
orange. Tore wing with the basal area grey, mottled with brown ;
the costa orange, with five blue-black spots ; an oblique medial

|Fig. 191. — Eamadasa pavo, J. \.

black line with vinous suffusion on its outer edge ; the outer area
pale chestnut; the reniform large and incomplete, outlined on its
upper and inner sides by black and violet, the upper part of its
outer edge by a black line, terminating in a red speck with two
black specks below it ; a black striga from the costa to the reniform,
and a blue-black band beyond it from the costa to vein 6, where
it is bent outwards to the margin as a streak ; a series of black
and white submarginal specks. Hind wing orange.

Hob. Sikhim ; Ceylon ; Andamans. Exp., <$ 45, £ 50 millim.

SECT. II. (Baorisct). Fore wing of male without the ridged
membrane and distortion of nervules.

2176. Kamadasa hleroglyphica, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 133, pi. iv,
tig. 14 ; C.Sf S. no. 1788.

Pure white. Frons with a black bar ; thorax with a few black
specks. Fore wing with five metallic blue-black strigse from the
basal half of costa, increasing in length outwardly ; a diffused
yellow fascia on median nervure ; two metallic specks below the
cell; a postmedial metallic mark from the costa shaped like the
letter A ai*d followed by a V~snaPe(i mark ; a submarginal line,
terminating in three radiating lines, which end in a brown and
crimson blotch near the middle of outer margin, with four white
specks on it and two metallic lines below it. Legs and underside
of abdomen spotted with metallic blue-black.

Hob. Sikhim. Krp. 50 millim.

Genus WESTERMANNIA.

Westermannia, Hubn. Zutr. ii, 23 (1823).
Plusiodes, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 385 (1852).

Type, W. superla Hiibn.

Range Western and Southern India ; Ceylon ; Assam ; Anda-
mans ; Java ; Australia.

WESTERMAITNIA. 359

Palpi slender and closely appressed to the frons ; the 3rd joint
naked and reaching just above vertex of head ; antennae of male
almost simple; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled; tibiaB not
hairy and without spines. Fore wing with the apex nearly
rectangular. Hind wing with vein 5 from below centre of disco-
cellulars.

2177. Westermannia superba, Htibn. Zutr. Samml. exot. Sckmett.

p. 23, figs. 323, 324 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 154, figs. 1, 1 a
(larva); C. $ S. no. ,2150.
Plusiodes westermannii, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 386.

Head pure white ; thorax and ab-
domen yellowish white. Fore wing pale
silvery brown ; the basal costal area and
a broad postmedial curved band white,
these two white areas being conjoined
at costa, and by the discocellulars and
median nervure being white. Hind
Fig. 1$ 2.- Westermannia wi le? suffused with fuscous towards

S1t7)€1 OCt. o • T.

outer margin.

Larva. Pale olive-green, thickly spotted with yellow ; a yellow
dorsal line on each segment ; genae with a small red streak. Food-
plant, Terminalia.

Hob. W. and S. India ; Ceylon ; Java. Exp. 36 millim.

2178. Westermannia argentea, Hmpsn. 111. Ret. viii, p. 80, pi. 146,

fig. 19.

Differs from superba in the tegulse and metathorax being white.
Fore wing bright silvery grey, with a broad white fascia on inner
basal area ; the disk tinged with gold. Hind wing opalescent
white, fuscous towards outer margin.

Hab. Nilgiris. Exp. 50 millim.

2179. Westermannia triangularis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 605 ;

C. 8f S. no. 2151.

Head and thorax white ; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing white,
with a medial fuscous band from median nervure to inner margin,
with a diffused fuscous streak from it to base along median
nervure ; the outer area coppery brown, with the margin blue-grey.
Hind wing white, fuscous towards outer margin.

Hab. Assam ; Andamans. Exp. 36 millim.

2180. Westermannia cornucopia, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 61, pi. 141,

fig. 12.

$ . Pale brown ; head and thorax with black tips to the scales.
Fore wing with a large chocolate cornucopia-shaped mark from
the outer margin to centre of inner margin, some white on its
inner edge, two fine silvery lines on the discocellulars, and a fine

360 NOCTUID^E.

silvery sinuous line beyond the cell, with silvery suffusion between
it and the discocellulars ; traces of a curved subrnarginal line.
Hind wing fuscous.

Hob. Nilgiris. Exp. 34 milliin.

Genus NAGASENA.
Nagasena, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 151 (1882).

Type, N. albescens, Moore.

Range. Sikhim ; Assam ; Ceylon ; Andamans.

Palpi slender and naked, the 3rd joint reaching above vertex of
head ; antenna with long cilia in male ; thorax and abdomen
smoothly scaled, except for a slight tuft on 1st segment of latter;
tibiae moderately hairy. Fore wing with the apex somewhat
rounded ; the inner margin lobed near base ; the retinaculum bar-
shaped in male. Hind wing with vein 5 from lower angle of
cell.

2181. Nagasena albescens, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 152 ; C.fyS. no. 2152.

Head and collar white ; thorax
and abdomen brownish. Fore
wing whitish, suffused and ir-
rorated with brown ; a minute
rufous speck at upper angle of
cell ; a curved rufous line from
Fig. 193. apex to inner margin near base ;

Nagasena albescens, $ . }, traceg of a submarginal series of

specks. Hind wing pale, suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Sikhim ; Margharita, Assam. Eocp. 30 millim.

2182. Nagasena dentilinealis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 613, pi. 60,
fig. 7 ; C.8f 8. no. 2871.

c? . Differs from albescens in being whiter ; a dark speck at end of
cell of fore wing; the line from apex brown, waved, and reaching
centre of inner margin. Hind wing fuscous.

Hob. Andamans. Eocp. 28 millim.

2183. Nagasena trapezata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 547.

$ . Pale brownish ochreous. Fore wing with very oblique
antemedial brown line ; an obliquely curved medial line, sending a
streak from end of cell to outer margin below apex, crossing an
angulated submarginal line. Hind wing semihyaline, slightly
suffused with fuscous towards outer margin.
Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 34 millim.

BETOPHILOPSTS. — BEEVIPECTEX.

361

Genus BRYOPHILOPSIS, nov.

Type, B. griseata, Hmpsn.

Range. N.W. Himalayas.

Palpi slight and reaching vertex of head ; antennae with long
cilia in male ; metathorax slightly tufted ; abdomen with a dorsal
tuft on 2nd segment ; tibiae nearly naked. Fore wing with the
outer margin obliquely rounded ; veins 8 and 9 anastomosing to
form an areole. Hind wing with vein 5 from lower angle of cell.

2184. BryopMlopsis griseata, n. sp.

Head and thorax grey ; abdomen pale. Fore wing grey ; an

antemedial oblique slightly-waved
line joined by a streak below
vein 2 to a postmedial line, which
is bent outwards below costa;
the reniform large and indis-
tinct ; the area inside and below
it, between the streak and ante-
and postmedial lines, often black ;
a sinuous submarginal line angled

Fig. 194.
Bryophilopsis griseata,

outwards to margin below the centre. Hind wing pale fuscous.
Hah. Simla (Harford). Exp. 26 milliin. Type in B.

G-enus BREVIPECTEN, nov.

Type, B. captains, Butl.

Range. W. and S. Africa ; China ; N.W. Himalayas ; Nilgiris ;
Ceylon.

Palpi slight and reaching vertex of head ; antennae of male
bipeetinated to three-fourths length, the branches long : thorax
and abdomen smoothly scaled ; tibiae with slight tufts of hair on
the outer side. Fore wing with the apex rectangular ; the inner
margin nearly straight after the basal lobe ; veins 8 and 9 anas-
tomosing to form an areole. Hind wing with vein 5 from above
angle of cell.

2185. Brevipecten captatus, Butl. Ill Het. vii, p. 79, pi. 133, fig. 1.

Brownish grey. Fore wing with short subbasal line ; an ante-
medial oblique line ; a large triangular medial deep chocolate
patch with white edges extending to lower
angle of cell, with a sinuous line from
it to inner margin where it joins the
highly excurved postmedial line, which
has a triangular chocolate patch with
white edges on the costa beyond it. Some
specimens have three dark specks beyond
lower angle of cell. Hind wing fuscous
brown.

Hcib. China ; N.W. Himalayas ; Nilgiris. Kvp. 32 millim.

Fig. 195. — Brevipecten
captatus, rf . {-.

362

2186. Brevipecten lunifer, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 113, pi. 160, fig. 13.

c? . Differs from captata in the lines of the fore wing being less
distinct ; a large whitish reniform mark, obliterating the greater
part of the triangular medial patch ; the apex of the triangular
patch before apex truncate. Hind wing ochreous.

Hob. Trincomali, Ceylon. Exp. 24 millim.

Genus DORANAGA.
Doranaga, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 553 (1884).

Type, D. leucosjpila, Wlk.

liange. Khasis ; Nagas ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Singapore ; Borneo ;
Mysol; Gilolo.

Palpi reaching just above vertex of head and very slender ;
thorax smoothly scaled ; abdomen with dorsal tuft at base ; tibiae
not hairy. Eore wing short and broad, the costa and inner
margin arched ; the outer margin angled ; veins 8, 9, 10 stalked.
Hind wing with vein 5 from near lower angle of cell.

2187. Doranaga straminea, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 92, pi. 147, fig. 17.

$ . Ochreous and of glossy
texture ; palpi black at sides ;
vertex of head black. .Fore
wing with the apical area
slightly suffused with fuscous,
except the apex itself. Hind
wing suffused with fuscous ;
Fig. 196.— Doranaga straminea, <$ . i. the cilia ochreous.
Hub. Mlgiris. Exp. 24 millim.

2188. Doranaga leucospila, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 788.'
Doranaga apiealis, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii; p. 553, pi. 214, fig. 7.

$ . Ochreous red-brown. Fore wing with traces of sinuous
antemedial line ; a creamy-white triangular patch on the costa
before apex ; an oblique rufous and ochreous line from apex to
centre of inner margin ; an indistinct lunulate fuscous submarginal
line. Hind wing fuscous ; the cilia ochreous ; underside with
narrow curved medial fuscous band and traces of submarginal
band.

A specimen from the Khasis has the white patch almost obsolete.

Hab. Khasis ; Nagas ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Singapore ; Borneo ;
Mysol ; Gilolo. Exp. 26 millim.

Genus PTEROGONIA.

Pterogoma, SwinJi. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 152.
Craspedagonia, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 117 (1893).

Type, P. episcojpalis, Swinh.

PTEROGOfflA. 363

Range. Nagas ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Borneo.

Differs from Doranaya in the palpi being obliquely upturned and
reaching above a sharp frontal tuft. Pore wing with the costa
straighter ; the outer margin angled at vein 3 ; veins 8 and 9
anastomosing to form an areole ; the retinaculum bar-shaped in
male. Hind wing with vein 8 anastomosing with 7 to middle of
cell ; vein 5 from near lower angle of cell.

SECT. I. (Pterogonia). Fore wing with the outer margin
not crenulate.

2189, Pterogonia episcopalis, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 152.

c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing grey, suffused with rosy and
purplish hues, and slightly irrorated and striated with black. Fore
wing with slight subbasal line ; oblique sinuous autemedial line ;
a large silver mitre-shaped mark at end of cell, with bright ferru-

Fig. 197. — Pterogonia episcopalis, cJ. \.

giuous outline ; traces of a postmedial sinuous line ; a submarginal
series of black specks. Abdomen and hind wing pale fuscous, the
latter with the outer area darkest.

The Naga specimen has the silvery stigma rounded and without
ferruginous outline.

Hab. Nagas ; Nilgiris ; Borneo. Exp. 52 millim.

2190. Pterogonia striatura, Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii, p. 553, pi. 214,

tig. 11 ; C. $ S. no. 2837.

cJ . Ochreous, slightly irrorated and striated with black. Fore
wing with traces of subbasal line ; a highly curved indistinct ante-
medial line ; a dark speck at each angle of cell ; the base of vein
2 dark; a sinuous postmedial line; a submarginal series of black
specks. Hind wing pale ; the outer area fuscous.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 32 millim.

SECT, II. (Craspedogonia). Fore wing with the cilia crenulate,
the outer margin more angled.

2191. Pterogonia nubes, Hmpm. Ill Net. ix, p. 117, pi. 166, fig. 3.

$ . Head, thorax, and fore wing red-brown, suffused with fuscous

364 NOCTUTDJE.

and slightly irrorated with white ; fore wing with traces of waved
antemedial and medial lines ; the disk and outer area suffused with
fuscous. . Abdomen and hind wing fuscous, the latter with the cilia
white ; underside with the outer area fuscous.
Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 40 millim.

Genus HOMODES.
Homodes, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 280 (1851}).

Type, H. crocea, Guen.

Range. Bombay; Ceylon; Andamans; Java.

Palpi upturned and reaching vertex of head, the 3rd joint very
minute ; antennae ciliated ; thorax smoothly scaled. Abdomen
with dorsal tufts on proximal segments ; tibiae nearly smooth ;
fore legs of male with a tuft of lung hair from base of coxae. Fore
wing with the apex rounded. Hind wing with vein 5 from near
centre of discocellulars.

2192. Homodes crocea, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 280, pi. xi, fig. 2 ; C. $ S.
no. 2189 (part).

c? . Orange-scarlet. Tore wing with subbasal and antemedial
waved lines with silvery scales on them ; a boss of black and
silvery scales in cell and two at end of it; an oblique medial
fuscous band with silvery scales on it ; an irregularly waved post-
medial line, with indistinct line beyond it ; a crimson submarginal

Fig. 198. — Homodes crocea, <$ . \.

line, followed by a fuscous and silvery line ; a marginal series of
dark striae. Hind wing with oblique fuscous and silvery medial
band ; irregularly wraved postmediai line, followed by an indistinct
line ; a crimson submarginal line, with a fuscous and silvery one
beyond it ; a marginal series of dark striae.
Hob. Andamans ; Java. Exp. 38 millim.

2193. Homodes vivida, Gum. Noct. ii, p. 280 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix,
pi. 163, fig. 17; C. % S. no. 2189 (part).

c? . Differs from crocea in the fore wing being without the
bosses of scales at middle and end of cell ; the postmediai line of
both wings with a series of small raised bosses.

Nab. Bombay ; Ceylon. Exp. 32 millim.

SABROTHRIPEN^. 365

Subfamily SARROTHRIPIN^E.

Moths of small or moderate size ; the fore wing with the costa
and inner margin arched near base, then of nearly even width
throughout, and almost always with raised buttons of scales in
the cell or raised lines on the wings. The palpi either porrect and
rostriform or upturned ; legs with the tarsal joints short.

Larvae with four pairs of abdominal prolegs, sparsely clothed
with hair in the known species.

The subfamily is closely allied to the Nolinas, and almost at the
bottom of the Noctuid scale ; the retinaculum is often bar-shaped
in the male ; and vein 8 of the hind wing often anastomoses with
7 to near middle of cell.

Key to the Genera.

A. Palpi obliquely porrect and slender; pro-

boscis rudimentary 1. TRIORBIS, p. 366.

B. Proboscis fully developed.

a. Palpi with the 3rd joint short and por-

rect 3. ARIOLA, p. 367.

b. Palpi with the 3rd joint long and por-

rect,
a'. Head extremely small ; fore wing with

vein 1 a long and curved 6. HYBL^A, p. 371.

b'. Head normal.

a2. Fore wing with the areole short.
a3. Fore wing with tufts of raised

scales on the disk 5. PLOTHEIA, p. 368.

b3. Fore wing without tufts of raised

scales on the disk 4. NOLASENA, p. 368.

62. Fore wing with the areole long . . 7. ARACHNOGNATHA,

c. Palpi with the third joint upturned. [p. 373.
a'. Fore wing with an areole.

a2. Hind wing with vein 5 present.
a3. Thorax with no erect tuft be-
hind the collar.
a4. Fore wing with the apex

rounded, the areole short . . 12. CLETTHARINA, p. 379.
64. Fore wing with the apex

rectangular.

a5. Abdomen with dorsal tufts.

a6. Abdomen usually long ;

the antennse long and

ciliated in male 8. LABANDA, p. 374.

b6. Abdomen and antennae of
normal length, the latter

bipectinated in male . . 9. CHLUMETIA, p. 376.
&"'. Abdomen without dorsal

tufts.
«6. Fore wing with the areole

short.
a7. Fore wing short and

broad 10. BARASA, p. 376.

b7. Fore wing long and

narrow 2. GADIRTIIA, p. 367.

366 TTOCttJIDJE.

be. Fore wing with the areole

long.
a7. Fore wing long and

narrow 13. ARGYROTHRIPA,

b7. Fore wing short and [p. 380.

broad 11. BLENINA, p. 377.

b3. Thorax with an erect tuft be-
hind the collar 14. NEOTHRIPA, p. 382.

52. Hind wing with vein 5 absent . . 15. HYPOTHRIPA, p. 383.
b'. Fore wing with no areole.
a2. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9

stalked 16. CLETTHARRA, p. 383.

b2. Fore wing with veins 8, 9, 10

stalked, 7 from cell 17. SARROTHRIPA, p. 387.

Genus TRIORBIS, nov.

Type, T. annulata, Swinh.

Range. Burma.

Proboscis rudimentary ; palpi obliquely porrect, the 2nd joint
reaching beyond the irons, naked at base, more thickly scaled
distally, the 3rd joint of moderate length ; antennae of female
simple and thickened ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ; the
tibia3 fringed with long hair. Fore wing with the apex rounded ;
veins 8 and 9 anastomosing to form the areole ; slight lines of
raised scales round the stigmata. Hind wing with vein 5 from
lower angle of cell.

2194. Triorbis annulata, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 189, pi. 6,
fig. 15.

$ . Grey-brown ; palpi with a black lateral line on 2nd joint,
and speck near apex of 3rd ; the antennee fulvous. Fore wing

with some brown and purplish
suffusion ; dark rufous streaks
from base on subcostal and below
median nervure ; an obliquely
waved line from lower angle of
cell to inner margin near base ;
the orbicular and reniform large,
•p- jgg indistinct, double ring-marks ; an

Triorbis annulata, $. \. indistinct, irregular, postmedial

line, angled beyond the cell ; a large,

indistinct ring-mark, crossed by a bright pink fascia beyond lower
angle of cell ; an irregularly sinuous, pale, submargiiial line, and
an almost marginal line ; some black streaks on the veins near
apex. Hind wing fuscous brown ; the underside paler, with in-
distinct cell-spot and submarginal band.
Hob. Thyetmyo. Eocp. 38 niillim.

GADIRTHA. — AEIOLA. 367

Genus GADIRTHA.
Gadirtha, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1102 (1857).

Type, G. inexacia, Wlk.

Range. S. America ; China ; Sib him ; Moulmein ; Borneo ;
Australia.

Palpi slender, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd
long ; antennge minutely fasciculated ; thorax and abdomen
smoothly scaled ; tibiae of male fringed with very long hair. Fore
wing long and narrow ; the apex rounded ; the outer margin
excised towards outer angle : the areole broad ; slight raised tufts
of scales on the orbicular and reniform stigmata and below the
cell. Hind wing with vein 3 from before angle of cell ; veins 4
and 5 from the angle.

2195. Gadirtha inexacta, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1102 ; C. $ S. no. 2403.
Gadirtha impingens, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1103 ; C. $ S. no. 2402.

Pale red-brown, suffused with grey. Fore wing with a sinuous

antemedial line, with fuscous
patch on the costa before it ;
the orbicular small and indistinct ;
the reniform large with black
outline ; a fuscous patch on the
costa before apex; a crenulate
postmedial line ; a marginal
series of black specks. Hind
wing fuscous brown ; the cilia
pale ; some specimens with the
basal area pale.

The fore wing may be ruddy brown, the inner area suffused
with grey and tinged with green ; or it may be ruddy and dark
brown or pale grey-brown.

Hob. China ; Sikhim ; Moulmein. Exp. 50-54 millim.

Genus ARIOLA.
Ariola, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 768 (1857).

Type, A. ccelisigna, Wlk.

Range. Ceylon; Borneo.

Palpi porrect, of moderate length, the 2nd joint thickly
scaled, the 3rd minute ; antennae simple in male ; thorax and
abdomen smoothly scaled, the latter long in male. Fore wing of
nearly even breadth throughout ; the apex rounded ; veins 8 and
9 anastomosing to form the areole. Hind wing with veins 3, 4
stalked, 5 from lower angle of cell.

368

2196. Ariola ccelisigna, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 769 ; C. $ 8. no. 1789.

Head and thorax pale green ;
abdomen fuscous. Fore wing
bright green, with a curved sil-
very-white fascia from the base
to apex ; the outer margin pink,
with black marginal marks and
line. Hind wing fuscous.

&ab. Ceylon; Borneo. Eaep.
22 millim.

Fig. m.— Ariola ccelisigna, rf. {.

Genus NOLASENA.
Nolasena, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 981 (1857).

Type, N. ferrifervens, Wlk.

Range. Ceylon; Burma.

Palpi porrect, the 2nd joint fringed with hair above, the 3rd
acute at apex ; antennas minutely ciliated. Eore wing with the
apex slightly acute ; veins 8 and 9 anastomosing to form the
areole.

2197. Nolasena ferrifervens, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 982 j C. $ S. no. 2924.

Chestnut- or grey-brown. Fore wing with two parallel oblique
antemedial scarlet lines, with a silvery

«/ baud between them ; a waved post-
./ medial oblique scarlet line, with black

^ /^ outer edge and a silvery band beyond it ;

jj§^ some white specks on costa towards

apex ; a marginal series of black and
red specks.
\. The Burmese form is much darker

Fig. 202.
Nolasena ferrifervens, <$.

than the Ceylon one, with the scarlet lines narrower.
Hob. Ceylon ; Bangoon. Exp. 24 millim.

Genus PLOTHEIA.

Plotheia. Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1108 (1857).

E^elesta, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1747 (1858).

Galleriomorpha, Feld. Wien. Ent. Mon. vi, p. 37, note (1862).

Othora. Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 902 (1865).

Selepa, Moore, Lep. E.I. C. p. 353 (1858).

Type, P. decrescens, Wlk.

llartge. Sikhim ; throughout Continental India ; Ceylon ; Java.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi with the 2nd joint upturned,
the 3rd porrect and long, the frontal tuft long ; antennae heavily
ciliated in male ; thorax and abdomen without tufts : fore tibiaB
heavily tufted with hair. Eore wing with the outer margin some-

PLOTHEIA. 369

what erect ; slight tufts of raised scales on disk ; veins 8 and 9
anastomosing to form the areole. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4
from angle of cell, 5 from just above angle.

2198. Plotheia decrescens, Wlk. Cat xiii, p. 1104; C. # & no. 2401.
Plotheia frontalis, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1109 : Hmpsn. III. Het. ix,

pi. 164, figs. 1-32; C. $ S. no. 2411.

Egelesta mdivitta, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1748 ; C. $ S. no. 2419.
Galleriomorpha lichenoides, Feld. Wien. ent. Mon. vi. 1862. p. 38 ;

C. $ S. no. 2416.

Gadirtha guttulosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 897 ; C. fy S. no. 2413.
Gadirtha spurcata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 896 ; C. fy S. no. 2420.
Othora canescens, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 904.
Othora onusta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 905.
Othora signata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 906.
Othora lata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 909.

Othora basifasoia, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 911 ; C. fy & no. 2408.
Othora subglauca, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 905 ; C. fy S. no. 2421.
Othora cinerascens, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 903 ; C. $ S. no. 2409.
Othora velata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 902 ; C. $ S. no. 2422.
Othora albotecta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 903 ; C.f.8. no. 2407.
Othora plagiata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 907 ; C. $ S. no. 2418.
Othora concisa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 910 ; C. % S. no. 2410.
Othora imprimens, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 911 ; C. 8f S. no. 2414.
Othora albivitta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 908 ; C. 8f S. no. 2403.
Plotheia lativitta, Moore, Lep. Ceijl. iii, p. 106, pi. 157, fig. 11 ;

C. $ S. no. 2415.
Plotheia griseovirens, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 108, pi. 158, fig. 2 ;

C. $ S. no. 2412.

Ground-colour of head, thorax, and fore wing pale brown, olive-
green, or grey. Fore wing with indistinct double subbasal, ante-
medial, postmedial, and single submarginal line ; the orbicular and
reniforin represented by raised specks of scales ; abdomen and
hind wing fuscous, the former with some dark ring-marks.

The colour may be almost uniform olive-brown, green, or pale
brown ; or the fore wing may have blackish patches at base of inner
margin and apex ; or the inner area may be suffused with brown
and have black longitudinal streaks ; or there may be an ochreous
patch on the medial costal area ; or the whole medial area may be
suffused with white, or with a white subbasal band, or with a
white patch on centre of inner margin, or patches on thorax and
at apex, or small specks scattered over the wing, or a white
fascia from base to near outer margin ; or the whole medial and
outer areas, except the apex, creamy white ; the ante- and post-
medial lines may be white with smoky black or grey between them,
with white snbapical streaks and others on inner area ; or these
streaks may be black or chestnut ; or there may be a black stigma
below the centre of costa ; or the wing may be marked with black
specks, or almost wholly suffused with ferruginous red.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 36 millim.

YOL. II. 2 B

370 NOCTUIDJE.

2199. Plotheia celtis, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 353, pi. 16, figs. 8, 8 a

(larva) ; Lep. Ceyl iii, pi. 158, fig. 5 ; ' C. fy 8. no. 2424.
Subrita curviferella, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1745.
Selepa docilis, Butl. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 619 ; Q $ S. no. 2425.
Gadirtha discigera, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 163.

$ . Head and thorax pale brown ; abdomen fuscous. Fore
wing pale brown with a purplish-grey tinge ; traces of subbasal and
medial waved black lines ; a double postmedial line excurved round
end of cell and enclosing a blackish circular patch, the line crossed
by black streaks on each side of vein 2 ; a waved submarginal pale
line and series of short marginal dark streaks. Hind wing
whitish, suffused with fuscous towards outer margin.

Fig. 2Q3.—Plothcia celtis, $ . \.

c? with the hind wing fuscous and a black patch on inner area
below.

Docilis is a greyer form from Karachi.

Larva yellow ; the head black ; dorsal black patches on 5th, 10th,
and llth somites ; a lateral reddish line with a series of black spots.

Hal. Nagas ; throughout Peninsular India and Ceylon ; Java.
Evp. 24 millim.

2200. Plotheia aenescens, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 288.

$ . Differs from celtis in the head and thorax being darker ; the
fore wing much more suffused with purplish fuscous ; the rounded
orbicular and lunulate reniform dark and more denned ; the post-
medial line more sinuous and less excurved beyond the cell. Hind
wing pale fuscous.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 32 millim.

2201. Plotheia strigifera, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 103, pi. 158,

figs. 3, 3 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2427.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown. Fore wing pale brown
suffused with red-brown ; the veins streaked with dark brown ; an
indistinct anternedial curved line and postmedial line excurved
round end of cell, with a prominent black fascia between them
below median nervure ; a waved submarginal and black marginal
line. Hind wing pale fuscous.

Another form has the head, thorax, and abdomen whitish grey,
the tegulae ferruginous ; fore wing with the basal and outer areas
grey, the medial area ferruginous; no black fascia below the
median nervure ; hind wing white with the margin fuscous.

PLOTHEIA. — HYBL2EA. 371

Larva brownish ochreous, with a dorsal series of slender erect
black hairs which are very long and with spatulate ends at anterior
and posterior extremities ; lateral series of white hairs ; a subdorsal
black-spotted green band from 5th to 10th somites ; dorsal black
spots on 2nd to 5th and llth somites.

Hab. Ceylon. Ex p. 20 millim.

2202. Plotheia rabdota, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 88, pi. 146, fig. 4.

$ . Head and thorax pale brown. Pore wing pale brown, the
inner margin darker ; blackish streaks below the median nervure
and from the upper angle of cell to apex and from lower angle to
centre of outer margin ; a dark patch at outer angle and series of
marginal specks. Hind wing whitish ; the outer margin very
slightly suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Mlgiris. Exp. 26 millim.

2203. Plotheia metaspilella, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1746.

Head and thorax grey ; abdomen brownish. Pore wing grey ;
traces of a waved antemedial line ; an indistinct waved double
medial line sending a dark spur outwards in the interno-median
interspace to the indistinct curved and waved postmedial line ; a
dark speck at end of cell ; a series of dark submarginal specks.
Hind wing white, suffused with fuscous in the male, entirely
fuscous in the female.

Hab. Ganjam ; Nilgiris. Exp., tf 23, $ 25 millim.

Grenus HYBL-ffiA.
Hyblgea, Fair. Ent. Syst. iii, 2, p. 127 (1794).

Type, H. puera, Cram.

Range. Throughout the tropical and subtropical zones ; N. China;
Japan.

Head very small ; palpi porrect and rostriform ; antennae
minutely ciliated in male ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ;
tibiae clothed with long hair and without spines. Pore wing with
the costa arched near base, the inner margin lobed ; vein 1 a strong
and bent down to near centre of inner margin ; the cell open ;
veins 6, 7, 8, 9 from close to angle of cell. Hind wing with the
cell open ; vein 8 anastomosing with 7 to near middle of cell.

SECT. I. Pore wing with the outer margin not excised
below apex and evenly curved.

2204. Hyblaea puera, Cram. Pap. Exot. pi. 103, figs, D, E ; C. $ S.

no. 2232 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 154, figs. 2. '2 a (larva).
Noctua saga, Fabr. Mant. I»*. ii, p. 137.
Noctua unxia, Hilbn. Eur. Schmctt., Noct. fig. 513.
Heliothis apricans, Boisd. Faun. Ent. Madag. p. 98, pi. 15, fig. 7.

Head and thorax greyish red-brown ; abdomen black-brown

2*2

372 NOCTTJID^E.

with orange segmental bands. Fore wing greyish red-brown,
irrorated with a few dark specks. Hind wing black-brown, with
curved orange band with scarlet edges from upper angle of cell to
near anal angle ; a band on the margin from vein 2 to anal angle.
Underside of fore wing black, with orange fascia ia cell and far

Fig. 204.— Hyblcea . puera,

beyond it ; the costa and apex pale brownish with dark specks ;
the inner margin yellow. Hind wing pale brownish with dark
specks ; orange towards anal angle with two large black spots.

Larva with a few short hairs ; dark purple-grey above, olive-
green below, with dorsal and lateral white lines ; a subdorsal series
of minute white dots and rings, a series of black dots on lateral
line ; head and 1st somite black. Food-plant Bignoniacecc.

Hab. W. Indies; S. Africa; throughout India, Burma, and
Ceylon ; Java ; New Guinea ; Cape York. Encp. 32-40 millim.

SECT. II. Fore wing with the outer margin excised below
apex and excurved at centre.

2205. Hyblaea constellata, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 391 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 154, figs. 3, 3 a ; C. $ S. no. 2230.

Head and thorax dark olive-green ; abdomen black, with orange
segmental rings and crimson at sides towards extremity. Fore
wing dark olive-green with dark specks ; often with two ante-
medial yellowish-white diffused patches ; a subapical bar, and brown
apical patch on costa. Hind wing black-brown, with two orange
spots beyond lower angle of cell and two towards anal angle.
Underside of fore wing black, with the costa and inner margin
orange ; the base of cell, a band at end of it, and one beyond it
orange. Hind wing orange, suffused with crimson and with
numerous black spots ; a black spot at anal angle.

Hab. China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Malacca ;
Borneo ; Australia. Exp. 34-40 millim.

2206. Hyblsea hypocyanea, Swirih. MS.

Differs from constellata in the abdomen being without crim-
son. Fore wing uniform dark brown speckled with black. Hind
wing with the orange spots obsolescent except the one beyond
cell. Underside of fore wing with the costa very slightly red-

HTBL^EA. — ARACHNOGNATHA. 373

tinged ; the inner area whitish ; hind wing suffused with purpish
white.

Jfab. Khasis. Exp. 30 inillim. Type in B. M.

2207. Hyblsea firmamentum, Gum. Noct. ii, p. 392 ; C. $ S. no. 2231.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark red-brown ; the last with
the segments slightly fringed with yellow. Fore wing red-brown
irrorated with dark specks ; a chocolate basal patch terminating at
end of cell in an acute angle ; the part below cell darkest ; a
chocolate streak from centre of costa to above centre of outer
margin ; cilia pale in the emargination below apex. Hind wing
black-brown, with a yellow spot below centre of costa and another
above anal angle which is sometimes obsolescent; two yellow
patches on cilia towards anal angle. Underside with the inner
area of fore wing yellow and two patches on costa ; the hind wing
with numerous yellow patches.

The yellow spots of hind wing are often entirely absent above and
much reduced on underside.

Hob. China ; Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 42 millim.

Genus ARACHNOGNATHA, nov.

Type, A. meterytlira, Hmpsn.

Range. Burma.

Palpi long, porrect, and curved, the 2nd joint clothed with long
hair ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled. Fore wing with the
costa highly arched at base, the apex quadrate ; the areole long, vein
7 being given off halfway up it and 8 before the end. Hind wing
with the inner margin short ; veins 3, 4, and 5 from close to angle
of cell. Fore tibia? not tufted.

2208. Arachnognatha meterythra, n. sp.

2 . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown. Fore wing pale
olive-green, with very faint traces of antemedial, medial, and
postmedial diffused chestnut bands ; a speck of erect black scales

Fig. 205. — Arachnognatha meterythra, $ . \.

representing the orbicular; cilia chestnut. Hind wing vinous
pink ; an ocellate mark at anal angle consisting of a pale luimle
and dark pupil.

Hab. E. Pegu, 5000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 36 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

374

Genus LAB AND A.

Labanda, Wlk. Cat. xvii, p. 284 (1859).
Banana, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 603 (1865).
Lazanda, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, pv 604.

Type, L. Tierbealis, Wlk.

Range. Throughout India and Ceylon.

Palpi smoothly scaled, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head,
the 3rd long and naked ; antennae very long and slender, minutely
ciliated in male. Thorax smoothly scaled ; abdomen slender,
with dorsal tufts on the first two segments, and usually extending
far beyond the hind wing ; tibiae almost naked. Tore wing with
the apex rounded ; the outer margin evenly curved. Hind wing
with vein 5 from lower angle of cell.

SECT. I. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from cell ; male
with the retinaculum not bar-shaped.

2209. Labanda fasciata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 605 ; Hmpsn. 111. Het.

ix, pi. 167, tig. 14 ; C. # S. no. 1651.
Diomea muscosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 898 ; C. $ S. no. 3016.

Head and thorax brownish green, irrorated with black scales ;
abdomen fuscous brown. Pore wing green, irrorated with black ;
subbasal, double ante- and postmedial waved dark lines ; a diffused
fuscous antemedial or medial band usually present and traces of
the reniform; an irregularly dentate diffused submarginal line;

Fig. 206. — Labanda fasciata, $ . \.

cilia dark intersected with green. Hind wing dark fuscous brown.
Underside with a pale mark on costa of fore wing before apex.

Some specimens have whitish suffusion on the medial area of
fore wing.

Hob. JXTilgtris : Ceylon ; Moulmein. Exp. 36-40 millim.

2210. Labanda griseinigra, n. sp.

Differs from fasciata in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
variegated with grey, black, and fuscous or brown, but without any
green tinge ; the postmedial line excurved beyond the cell.

Some specimens are brownish, others fuscous and grey, whilst
one has the basal half of fore wing grey with a black patch at base
of costa and broad streak below median nervure from base to above
outer angle ; the medial area suffused with black.

Hob. Sikhim (Elwes, Knyvett) ; Ganjam (Minchin). Exp. 28
millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

LABANDA. 375

2211. Labanda saturalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1251 ; C. # S. no. 3017.
Bocana achine, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 120, fig. 18 ; C. $ S. no. 3014
Bocana viridalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 88 : C. $ S. no. 3006.

Differs from fasciata in the ground-colour of the fore wing
being fuscous brown, irrorated with green scales ; the sub-basal
and antemedial lines on green bands ; some green patches on the
submarginal irregular line. Underside without the pale patch on
costa.

llab. Ceylon ; E. Pegu. Exp. 34 millim.

2212. Labanda chloromella, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1804 ; Hmpsn. III. Het.

ix, pi. 168, fig. 5 ; C. 8f S. no. 3015 (part.).

Differs from saturalis in the fore wing having patches of brown
suffusion on basal and outer areas, instead of the basal area being
chiefi y green and the outer brown ; the ante- and postmedial lines
white-edged from below costa to inner margin.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 26 millim.

2213. Labanda herbealis, Wlk. Cat. xvii, p. 284 ; Hmpsn 111. Het.

ix, pi. 168, fig. 9; C. fy S. no. 3015 (part.).

Labanda graminalis, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 133, pi. 167, fig. 23.
Bariana submuscosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 604.

Differs from fasciata in the head and thorax being brown. Fore
wing green, suffused with brown and not irrorated with black ; the
dark waved lines on green bands and more dentate. Hind wing
paler ; underside with slight whitish margin to fore wing ; hind
wing with the base whitish, the outer area dark with a whitish post-
medial band.

Hob. Ceylon ; Java. Exp. 20-26 millim.

2214. Labanda semipars, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1647 ; Hmpm. III. Het. vs.,

pi. 168, fig. 3 ; C.$S. no. 3018.
Bocana pamphosalis, Wlk. Cat. xix, p. 887.
Gerbatha laticincta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 913.

Dark red-brown. Fore wing with subbasal, ante- and post-
medial waved dark lines on pale brown bands, the last slightly
excurved beyond cell ; a black line on discocellulars ; an indistinct
dentate submarginal line with a black subapical speck on it. Hind
wing and underside paler.

Hob. Sikhim ; W. and S. India ; Ceylon ; E. Pegu. Exp. 28-
30 millim.

SECT. II. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; male with
the retinaculum bar-shaped ; the abdomen short.

2215. Labanda orbicularis, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1804 ; C.&S. no. 2417.

J . Head and thorax black with a few grey and ochreous scales ;
abdomen fuscous. Fore wing black, irrorated with orange ; the

376

outer area grey except at apex ; indistinct waved subbasal, ante-
medial, and postnieclial lines ; a black speck at end of cell. Hind
wing fuscous.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 26 millim.

Genus CHLUMETIA.

Chlumetia, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1270 (1865).
Nachaba, Wlk. Cat. xxvii, p. 113 (1863) (praocc.).

Type, C. transversa, Wlk.

Range. Sikhim ; Ganjam ; Ceylon.

Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head and thickly
clothed with scales, the 3rd short ; antenna of male bipectinated ;
thorax smoothly scaled ; abdomen with dorsal tufts ; tibiae mode-
rately hairy. Fore wing with hardly a trace of raised buttons of
scales ; veins 8 and 9 anastomosing to form a short areole. Hind
wing with veins 3, 4, and 5 from lower angle of cell.

2216. Chlumetia transversa, Wlk. Cat. xxvii, p. 114 ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl iii, pi. 151, fig. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 2217.
Chlumetia guttiventris, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1271.

5 . Head pale, the base of palpi black ; thorax and abdomen
clothed with rufous, fuscous, and grey scales ; a ventral series of
white spots. Fore wing red-brown with a
subbasal line ; a double antemedial line ;
indistinct pale orbicular and reniform spots
with rufous medial line between them ; a
double postmedial line, the inner one rufous,
the outer slightly angled at vein 4 ; traces
Fig. 207.— Chlumetia of a sinuous submarginal line ; a marginal
"**' ?• *• series of black specks. Hind wing fuscous.
The Ganjam specimen is without the white spots on underside
of abdomen.

Hal. Ganjam ; Ceylon. Exp. 18 millim.

2217. Chlumetia alternans, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 147 ; C. $ S. no. 2215.

c? . Differs from transversa in the thorax and abdomen being
darker. Fore wing green, with the basal area dark rufous ; the
lines indistinct except the outer postmedial line, which is rufous
and evenly curved ; the orbicular obsolete ; the reniform prominent
and ochreous ; the outer area suffused with white. Hind wing
with a marginal series of dark striae.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 26 millini.

Genus BARASA.
Barasa, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 192 (1862).

Type, B. acronyctoides, Wlk.

Range. Ganjam ; Ceylon ; Borneo.

Palpi upturne d, reaching above vertex of head, the 2nd joint

BARASA. BLENITfA. 377

thickly scaled, the 3rd long and naked. Antennae fasciculated in
male. Fore wing of male with a tuft of long hair arising from
vein 1 near the base ; veins 3, 4, and 5 from close to angle of cell ;
6 from upper angle ; 9 rising from 10 arid anastomosing with 8 to
form the areole. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked j 5 from
angle of cell ; 6 and 7 from upper angle ; 8 from 7 at middle of
cell.

2218. Barasa acronyctoides, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 192.
Barasa cana, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 107, pi. 163, fig. 5.

c? • Head and thorax white, irrorated with brown scales ; collar
banded with brown. Fore wing white, irrorated with brown;
traces of a subbasal line ; an indistinct dentate antemedial black

Fig. 208. — Barasa acronyctoides, $ . \.

line and curved postmedial line ; a marginal series of black specks ;
some patches of brown suffusion on costa and outer area ; the tuft
of hair on vein 1 black. Hind wing pale fuscous.

Hal). Ganjam ; Ceylon ; Borneo. Ex£., $ 28, £ 22 millim.

Genus BLENINA.

Blenina, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1214 (1857).
Eliocroea, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 935 (1865).
Amrella, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 158 (1882).

Type, B. donans, Wlk.

Range. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Andamans ;
Cerarn ; New Guinea ; Australia.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd
of moderate length ; thorax smoothly scaled ; abdomen with slight
tufts at the base on the dorsum. Fore wing short and square,
with the apex nearly rectangular ; the inner margin lobed near
base ; slight tufts of raised scales on antemedial, medial, and post-
medial lines, and on discocellulars ; the areole long and narrow ;
the retinaculum bar-shaped in male. Hind wing with veins 2, 3,
4, and 5 from lower angle of cell.

SECT. I. (Blenina). Antenna) of male minutely ciliated ; fore wing
with the outer margin slightly excised towards outer angle ;
hind wing rounded.

2219. Blenina donans, If 77,-. Cat. xiii, p. 1215 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,
pi. 160, fig. 2 • C.Sf S. no. 2264.

378 NOCTUIDJE.

.Blenina grisea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 607, pi. 60, fig. 1 ; C. $ S.

no. 2205.
Blenina pannosa, Moore, Lep, Aik. p. 157, pi. 5, fig1. 4 ; C. fy S.

no. 2207.

Head and thorax grey, suffused with fuscous ; abdomen orange
fulvous, with the slight tuft at base grey. Eore wing grey slightly
suffused with fuscous, and with a green tinge in places ; somewhat
indistinct waved subbasal, oblique medial and postmedial, and
irregular submarginal dark lines ; a dark streak from the disco-

Fig. 209. — Blenina donans, $ . \.

cellulars to the submarginal line above outer angle. Hind wing
orange with marginal fuscous-black border, widest at apex.

The form grisea has a large black spot below end of cell, and
rather more green suffusion on fore wing : pannosa is a greener
form, with a large fuscous patch on the outer half of the inner area
of fore wing.

Hab. Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Andamans ; New Guinea. E.vp. 40
millim.

2220. Blenina accipiens, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1215 j Moore, Lcp. Ceyl iii,

pi. 160, fig. 3 ; C.$S. no. 2203.

Differs from donans in the thorax being browner. Fore wing
suffused with fuscous brown ; some specimens with the inner area
fuscous, others with the basal area and the whole area beyond the
medial line suffused. Hind wing with the basal half suffused with
brown ; the outer band more irregular and widest at costa.

Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Australia. Krp.
38 millim.

2221. Blenina lichenosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 607, pi. 60, fig. 2 ;

C\ # S. no. 2266.
Blenina variegata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 157 ; <?. # S. no. 2269.

Differs from donans in the antemedial line of fore wing being
more obliquely waved and with a line beyond it below cell ; a
black speck in cell ; the postmedial line more waved and incurved
below cell. Hind wing fulvous brown, with an orange postmedial
band not reaching costa ; underside with a medial dark band.

Lichenosa has the thorax dark ; the abdomen fulvous brown ;
fore wing with the basal part green, the rest of wing dark red-
brown suffused with fuscous. Variegata is much greyer, the

BLENINA. — CLETTHARINA. 379

hinder part of collar dark ; fore wing with the basal, medial, costal,
and outer areas green and fuscous ; the medial area white.
Another form has che head and thorax green ; fore wing with the
basal and apical areas bright green, the medial area grey.
Hab. Sikhim ; Ntigas ; Andamaus. Exp. 40-42 millim.

2222. Blenina quinaria, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 158, pi. v, fig. 5 ; C. $ S.
no. 2268.

Differs from accipiens in the fore wing having the ground-colour
of costal half ochreous ; the inner half whitish ; the basal two-
thirds slightly suffused with green ; a black patch on basal inner
area ; some specimens with a black fascia from base to outer angle
sending two spurs to the cell. Hind wing yellow-brown instead
of orange ; the outer band regular and widest at apex.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 40 miUini.

SECT. II. (Amrella). Antennae of male (?) fasciculate ; fore and
hind wings with the outer margins angled in the middle.

*2223. Blenina angulipennis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 158, pi. v, fig. 6 ;
C. # S. no. 2270.

<5 . Head and thorax olive-green ; abdomen greyish. Fore
wing olive-green, with four irregular black grey-bordered lines, of
which the postmedial is the most prominent and bent inwards
below vein 3 ; some black specks at middle of cell and two on
costa towards apex. Hind wing greyish, with a broad fuscous
marginal band ; the basal area suffused with ochreous. Underside
ochreous, with narrow medial and broad outer fuscous bands.

Hub. Sikhiin. Exp. 44 millim.

Genus CLETTHARINA, nov.

Type, C. nitens, Hmpsn.

Range. Burma.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching above vertex of head, the
3rd short; antennas almost simple in male. Ketinaculum bar-
shaped in male. Fore wing with the costa arched at base and very
broad ; vein 9 arising from 10, and anastomosing with 8 to form
the areole. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from cell. The raised
scales on fore wing taking the form of a band near end of cell from
subcostal nervure to vein 1 ; male with the area near anal angle of
hind wing clothed with modified scales.

2224. Clettharina nitens, n. sp.

^ . Head, thorax, and abdomen silvery grey with a red-brown
tinge. Fore wing silvery grey, the cell and interno-inedian inter-
space with a golden line as far as the band of raised scales ; traces
of two very irregularly waved postmedial lines and a subrnarginal

380

series of specks. Hind wing silvery grey ; the modified scales
on anal area white.

Fig. 210. — Clettharina nitem, $ . \.

Hob. E. Pegu, 5000 feet (Dolierty). Exp. 30 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

Genus ARGYROTHRIPA, nov.

Type, A. lilacina, Moore.

Range. Sikhim ; Indian Peninsula ; Ceylon ; Burma.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd
usually long ; antennae of male with long cilia ; thorax and abdo-
men smoothly scaled. Fore wing with veins 8 and 9 anastomosing
to form the areole, which is long. Hind wing with vein 5 from
close to angle of cell.

SECT. I. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from cell.
2225. Argyrothripa lilacina, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 289.

d1 . Head and thorax brown ; collar and tegulae white ; abdomen
pale fuscous. Fore wing silky white with a slight fuscous tinge ;
a very indistinct waved antemedial line with two raised specks of

Fig. 211. — Argyrothripa lilacina, $ . j-.

scales on it in the cell ; a raised speck of scales at end of cell : a
highly excurved and dentate postmedial line ; three dark specks on
the costa before the apex ; a waved submarginal pale line. Hind
wing pale brownish fuscous.

Hob. Sikhim ; Ceylon. Exp. 32 millim.

2226. Argyrothripa orbifera, n. sp.

<5 . Palpi with the 3rd joint short ; the retinaculum bar-shaped.
Head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish grey. Fore wing leaden
grey, suffused with olive-green as far as the postmedial line : the
base and inner margin pale grey : the outer area coppery red ; the
reniform a prominent round black-edged spot with grey centre ;
the postmedial line sinuous ; an indistinct irregular submarginal
line. Hind wing pale fuscous.

ARGYBOTHRIPA. 381

Hah. E. Pegu, 5000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 24 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

2227. Argyrothripa occulta, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 461, pi. 27,

fig. 11 ; C. $ S. no. 2426.

$ . Reddish brown. Pore wing irrorated with black ; black
basal streaks on vein 1 and inner margin ; a waved antemedial
line; a dark speck in cell; the reniform large and indistinct; a
double curved postmedial line; a large subtriangular grey patch
on apical part of costa with an indentation in its outer edge ; the
veins streaked with black at the margin. Hind wing dark fuscous ;
underside with cell-spot, postmedial line, and the outer area
fuscous.

Hob. Poona. Exp. 30 millim.

2228. Argyrothripa xanthosticta, n. sp.

d1 . Brownish grey ; palpi white with the sides black ; fore tibiae
tufted and with a black spot on them. Fore wing with irregular
antemedial line with diffused brown band inside it ; a medial sinuous
line angled on median nervure ; the reniform bright yellow ; a
postmedial sinuous line recurved to near lower angle of cell, with
some brown suffusion beyond it ; an indistinct irregularly waved
submarginal line ; some brown suffusion on outer margin. Hind
wings whitish ; the outer area fuscous.

Hab. Sikkim. Exp. 36 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. Hind wins: with veins 3 and 4 stalked.

2229. Argyrothripa grisea, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 87, pi. 146, fig. 13.

c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing silvery grey, irrorated with
fuscous ; the last with the antemedial, medial, and postmedial
double lines prominent ; a dentate submarginal line ; the median
nervure at end of cell and the discocellulars dotted with ferruginous
scales ; a medial fuscous patch on the costa ; a series of marginal
specks. Hind wing and abdomen fuscous.

II ah. Nilgiris. Exp. 30 millim.

2230. Argyrothripa pallescens, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 108, pi. 163,

fig. LJ5.

rf . Pale greyish white with a brownish tinge. Tore wing with
very indistinct double antemedial, medial, and postmedial waved
lines and single submarginal Hue. Hind wing whitish fuscous.
Hab. Ceylon. /«;. - y >. 24 millim.

2231. Argyrothripa robusta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 288.

cj . Head and thorax pale and dark brown ; abdomen pale.
Fore wing very pale reddish brown as far as the double highly
curved postmedial lines, which are dark and prominent, the
area beyond them grey ; indistinct subbasal and antemedial waved
lines ; a dark streak below the cell, terminating in a black medial

382

spot ; inner margin suffused with fuscous ; an indistinct waved
submarginal line. Hind wing fuscous.

$ . The basal area of the fore wing darker and without the
streak and spot.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp., 6 26, $ 30 millim.

2232. Argyrothripa niveidisca, n. sp.

cJ . Head greyish ; thorax white ; abdomen pale fuscous, with
black basal dorsal tuft. Fore wing wThite, pinkish towards the
apical area which is black ; a triangular black patch on centre of
inner margin; some grey on outer margin. Hind wing pale,
slightly suffused with fuscous at apex.

Hob. Tenasserim (Doherty). Exp. 24 millim. Type in coll.
Druce.

Genus NEOTHRIPA, nov.

Type, N. punctistigma, Hmpsn.

Range. Simla ; Khasis.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head and roughly
scaled, the 3rd short. Thorax with a high spreading tuft of scales
on vertex. Fore wing with the costa arched near base, of almost
even width thoughout ; vein 8 anastomosing with 9 to form the
areole which is short; the raised tufts very slight. Hind wing
with vein 5 from below centre of discocellulars and depressed at
origin ; 3 and 4 from angle of cell.

2233. Neothripa punctistigxna, n. sp.

Head and thorax grey-brown : abdomen pale fuscous. Fore
wing greyish fuscous, the basal and medial costal areas suffused
with grey-green ; subbasal, ante- and postmedial waved lines, the
last excurved beyond the cell ; orbicular and reniform outlined by
specks of slightly raised black scales ; a diffused irregularly waved
submarginal line. Hind wing fuscous ; underside with cell-spot
and irregularly sinuous postmedial line.

Hab. Simla (Harford). Exp. 30 millim. Type in B. M.

2234. Neothripa glaucescens, n. sp.

<$ . Head and thorax grey-green mingled with black scales ; 3rd
joint of palpi black ; abdomen whitish with a fuscous tinge. Fore

Fig. 212. — Neothripa glaucescens, <$ . }.

wing grey-green, the outer area fuscous except at apex ; numerous
white specks on basal area ; a dark patch at end of cell and another

NEOTHRIPA. — CLETTHAEEA. 383

below the end, the former with some erect black scales on it ;
faint traces of antemedial, medial, postmedial, and submarginal
waved lines, the last with three reddish subapical streaks crossing
it ; a marginal series of black specks. Hind wing pale fuscous ;
underside with cell-spot and sinuous postmedial line.

Hab. Khasis, 4,000 feet (Elwes). Exp. 28 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

Genus HYPOTHRIPA, nov.

Type, H. curiosa, Swinh.

Range. Burma.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd
long. Pore wing with veins 8 and 9 anastomosing to form the
areole, which is long. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked, 5
absent.

2235. Hypothripa curiosa, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 235.

cJ . Head and thorax greyish fuscous ; abdomen brownish.

Pore wing pale brown suffused
with purplish grey ; two waved
brown antemedial lines ; a finer
medial line and indistinct crenu-
late postmedial and submarginal
lines ; a dark brown apical
patch. Hind wing whitish, with
Fig. 213.— Hypothripa curiosa, <$ . \. fuscous suffusion on apical area.

Underside of fore wing fuscous,

with a pale patch on costa near apex with dark stria3 on it. Hind
wing whitish, with the costal area fuscous.

Another specimen has the antemedial lines of hind wing more
oblique, the apical patch absent.

Hab. Kangoon ; Tenasserim. Exp. 24 millim.

2236. Hypothripa cana, n. sp.

5 . Head and thorax greyish white ; abdomen brownish white.
Pore wing greyish white, with faint traces of waved antemedial,
medial, postmedial, and submarginal lines. Hind wing semihyaline
and opalescent ; the apical area slightly tinged with fuscous.

Hab. E. Pegu, 5000 feet (DoJierty). ' Exp. 32 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

Genus CLETTHARRA.

Clettharra, Wlk. Cat. xxvii, p. 101 (1863).
Orosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1222 (1865).

Type, 0. valida, Wlk.

Range. Karachi ; Bombay ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; E. Himalayas ;
Assam ; Burma ; Andamans ; Borneo.

Palpi upturned and slightly scaled. Antennae minutely ciliated

384 XOCTUIDJE.

in male and simple in female. Fore wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from
near angle of cell ; 6 from upper angle ; veins 7, 8, 9 stalked. Hind
wing with veins 3 and 4 usually stalked ; 5 from just above angle
of cell ; 6 and 7 from upper angle, 8 from middle of cell.

SECT. I. Fore wing with vein 10 stalked with 7, 8, 9 ;
hind wing with veins 3, 4 stalked.

2237. Clettharra valida, ink. Cat. xxvii, p. 101 ; Hmpsn. III. Het.

ix, pi. 163, fi£. 1-2.

Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brown. Fore wing pale red-
brown, an oblique black streak
from the costa near base to
above centre of inner margin ;
a waved antemedial pale line ;
a postmedial line angled out-
wards beyond the cell ; the
inner area grey from the l>a^o

. ^.-Clettharra valida,^. }. *» foe postmedial line; the

apical area suffused with white :
three black costal stri* before the apex ; two black stroaks above
outer angle, which is suffused with black and white. Hind wing
white, slightly suffused with fuscous towards outer margin.
Hob. Ceylon ; Borneo. Exp. 24 millim.

2238. Clettharra albonotata, n. sp.

cf . Differs from valida in the thorax being marked with white.
Fore wing without the oblique black streak ; three waved white
antemedial lines ; a triangular white patch on centre of inner
margin ; the postmedial line indistinct and excurved, not angled
beyond cell ; a triangular white patch with black mark on it on
apical part of costa ; a white spot on centre of outer margin.

Hab. Tenasserim (Doherty). Exp. 24 millim. Type in coll.
Druce.

2239. Clettharra basalis, Moore. Lcn. Ceyl. iii, p. 105, pi. 158. fig. 7 ;

C. $ S. no. 2431.

Differs from valida in the fore wing being more uniform brown
with no white on inner margin ; a black patch at base of costa ;
the waved line medial, more distinct, and erect ; the highly angled
postmedial line arising from the costa beyond the middle. Hind
wing with the outer area more suffused with fuscous.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 22 millim.

2240. Clettharra variegata, n. sp.

<3 . Head and thorax pale reddish brown, collar marked with
fuscous ; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing pale red-brown ; the ante-
aiid postmedial lines composed of ill-defined white and black lines
on a fuscous ground ; apical area fuscous brown ; a marginal

CLETTHAEEA. 385

series of black specks. Hind wing whitish; underside with a
diffused fuscous line across the apex.

Hob. Xagas ; Tenasseriin (Doherty). Exp. 20 millini. Type
in coll. Elwes.

2241. Clettharra tortricoides, Wlk. Cat . xxxiv, p. 1223 ; Hmpsn. Ill
Het. ix, pi. 163, fig. 23 ; C. # S. no. 2949.

$ . Pale red-brown. Fore wing with a patch of dark scales on
basal costal area ; medial, postraedial, and submarginal series of
dark specks, the postmedial series highly excurved bevond the cell.

Hob. Ceylon. Exp. 20 millim.

SECT. II. Fore wing with vein 10 from the cell.
A. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked.

2242. Clettharra vitea, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 460, pi. 27, fig. 17;

C. $ S. no. 2428 ; Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix, pi. 163, fig. 24.

S . Head, thorax, and abdomen dark fuscous, the last with
dorsal tufts. Fore wing with the basal half black, the outer half
brown suffused with fuscous ; subbasal and antemedial lines of
raised scales which stop at the median nervure ; medial and post-
medial nearly straight lines of raised scales ; a large reniform
stigma with double black and fuscous outline. Hind wing dark
fuscous.

$ . Head, thorax, and abdomen paler ; the outer area of
the fore wing suffused with greyish white. Hind wing pale
fuscous.

Hob. Bombay ; Khandala ; Ceylon. Exp., <$ 22, $ 24 millim.

2243. Clettharra nigridisca, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 87, pi. 146, fig. 11.

$ . Very pale brown. Fore wing with a large lozenge-shaped
black patch occupying the greater part of the medial area, and
sending a fascia to the outer margin below the apex ; a black
streak on vein 2 ; two black specks on costa towards apex. Hind
wing whitish.

Hab. Nilgiris. Exp. 24 millim.

2244. Clettharra sceptica, Stcink. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 461, pi. 27, fig. 6 :

C. £ S. no. 2430.

<3 . Head, thorax, and fore wing pale grey ; the last with a few
darker scales forming traces of subbasal, medial, postmedial, and
submarginal waved lines ; a dark speck at end of cell and one at
origin of vein 2 ; QI series of marginal specks. Abdomen and hind
wing pale fuscous.

Hob. Bombay ; E. Pegu ; Andamans. Exp. 21 millirn.
TOL. ii. 2c

386 tfOCTUID^E.

2245. Clettharra apicalis, n. sp.

c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing whitish, irrorated with dark
scales ; abdomen pale brown. Fore wing with a dark patch at
base of costa and blackish patch at base ; a black speck below angle
of cell ; some reddish suffusion beyond the cell ; traces of ante-
medial, postmedial, and submarginal waved lines ; a marginal series
of black specks. Hind wing whitish ; the outer area suffused with
fuscous.

Hob. E. Pegu (Doherty}. Eccp. 30 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

2246. Clettharra punctata, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 236, pi. 7,

fiff. 16-

Very pale reddish brown. Fore wing with three obliquely placed
subbasal black specks, and another below end of cell ; indistinct
ante- and postmedial waved lines, the former with a fuscous
patch beyond it on the costa; a sinuous submarginal series of
black specks and marginal series ; a fuscous spot at apex. Hind
wing brownish fuscous, darkest towards outer margin.

Hob. Sikhim ; Bhutan ; Nagas ; Eangoon ; Tenasseriin. Exp.
22 millim.

2247. Clettharra triangularis, n. sp.

c? . Ochreous white. Fore wing irrorated with a few black
scales ; a dark brown triangular patch on centre of inner margin ;
a curved line from the centre of costa to near outer angle, the
apical area beyond it dark brown. Hind wing with the apical area
slightly suffused with fuscous.

Hal. Dunsiri Valley, Assam (Doherty). Exp. 20 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

33. Hind wing witli veins 3 and 4 from cell ; palpi short and flight.

2248. Clettharra aenea, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 520, pi. 48, fig. 1 :

C. Sf S. no. 2405.

2 . Fuscous brown. Fore wing with traces of subbasal, ante-
medial, and submarginal waved bands.
Hob. Karachi. Exp. 24 millitn.

SECT. III. Male with the collar forming an erect peak ; hind wing
with a tuft of long hair from below the costa ; the median
nervure tufted.

2249. Clettharra floccifera, n. sp.

c? . Very pale red-brown ; collar dark at centre ; anal tuft jet-
black below. Fore wing with the inner area suffused with fuscous ;
faint traces of antemedial and medial oblique lines from the costa ;
the postmedial line represented by dark streaks on the veins ;
some dark specks on the cilia. Hind wing white.

Hob. Nagas ; Tenasserim (Doherty). Exp. 22 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

SAEEOTHEIPA. 387

Genus SARROTHRIPA.

Sarrothripa, Curt. Brit. Ent. i, fig. 29 (1824).
Axia, Hiibn. Verz. p. 395 (1818, non descr.).
Symitha, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1731 (1866).
Subrita, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1743.

Type, S. revayana, Scop., from Europe.

Range. Nearctic region ; Europe ; Sikhim ; ISTaga Hills ; Ceylon ;
Pegu ; Java ; Borneo.

Palpi very long, obliquely porrect, and heavily scaled. AntennaB
minutely ciliated in male. Fore leg with the femur and tibia
fringed with very long hair. Fore wing long and narrow, the
apex bent downwards ; veins 3, 4, 5 from near angle of cell ; 6
from below upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked.
Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked ; 5 from angle of cell; 6 and
7 from upper angle ; 8 from middle of cell.

2250. Sarrothripa sinuosa, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 289.

Grey. The fore wing crossed by numerous indistinct waved
lines, of which the double irregular ante- and postmedial are the
most distinct ; a sinuous series- of submarginal black specks ;
a diffused fuscous patch on middle of costa. Hind wing pale
fuscous.

In the E. Pegu specimen the markings are darker ; the costal
patch blackish, with a white spot beyond it between the post-
medial and submarginal lines.

Hob. Sikhim ; Nagas ; E. Pegu. Exp. 26 millim.

*2251. Sarrothripa fasciosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 289.

$ . Grey-brown. Fore wing with a brown subbasal and two
antemedial slightly outwardly oblique bands, an erect medial
sinuous line ; an excurved waved postmedial line with some dark
suffusion beyond it ; a submarginal sinuous fuscous band ; a pale-
edged lunule at end of cell. Hind wing pale fuscous.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 25 millim.

2252. Sarrothripa indicatana, Wlk. Cat. xxviii, p. 333 ; Hmpm. III.
Het. ix, pi. 163, fig. 13.

Head and thorax whitish, much suffused with black. Fore wing

Fig. 215. — Sarrothripa indicataiia, <$

grey, irrorated with fuscous ; indistinct antemedial, medial, and

2c2

388

postmedial double waved lines ; large blackish ante- and post-
medial patches on the costa, and one on the middle of inner margin ;
white medial and apical costal patches, the former with two tyack
specks on it ; a submarginal maculate waved line. Abdomen and
hind wing pale fuscous.

Hob. Ceylon ; Nagas. Exp. 20 millim.

2253. Sarrothripa nolalella, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1731 ; Hmpsn. III.

Het. ix, p. 163, fig. 6.

Sarrothripa indica, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 106, fig. 19; C. 8? S.
no. 2429.

Differs from indicatana in the antemedial, medial, and post-
medial lines being better defined ; the last curved but not waved ;
the white medial and black postmedial patches on the costa absent ;
also the black patch on inner margin ; the waved submarginal
line not so prominent. Hind wing dark fuscous.

Hub. Ceylon ; Java. Exp. 22 millim.

Subfamily EUTELIIN.E.

Palpi with the 2nd joint straight : abdomen longer than the
hind wing, with a long tubular or paired anal tufts. Fore wing
increasing in width to outer margin ; veins 8 and 9 anastomosing
to form the areole. Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from lower
angle of cell, 5 being fully developed ; veins 6, 7 from upper
angle.

Larvce with 4 pairs of abdominal prolegs.

Key to the Genera.

A. Abdomen with a long tubular anal tuft.

a. Antennae of normal length 1. INGURA, p. 388.

b. Antennae almost as long as fore wing 2. ANUGA, p. 389.

B. Abdomen with paired anal tufts 3. EUTELIA, p. 390.

Genus INGURA.
Ingura, Guen. Noct. ii. p. 309 (1852).

Type, /. lunodes, Guen., from America.

Range. Nearctic, Neotropical, and Oriental regions; Friendly
Islands.

Palpi upturned, reaching just above vertex of head; thorax
smoothly scaled; abdomen with tuft on 1st segment and very Ion*?,
with a large anal tubular tuft especially in male. Tore wing with
the costa nearly straight, the apex nearly rectangular ; the outer
margin obliquely curved ; the inner margin lobed near base.

In the typical group (Sect. I.) the palpi are hairy; the antennae
of male bipectinated to two-thirds length ; the tibiae hairy.

INGUBA. — ANUGA. 389

SECT. II. Palpi nearly naked ; antennae of male pectinated for two-
thirds length ; fore tibiae with a tuft of long hair from the
femoro-tibial joint.

A. Antenna of male with the branches on the
outer side very short.

2254. Ingura subapicalis, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 883 ; C. $ S. no. 1199.
Ingura recurrens, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1779.

Dark fuscous greyish brown. Fore wing with double dark ante-
medial line incurved below the cell ;
minute and very indistinct orbicular and
reniform spots ; an obscure waved medial
line ; a double postmedial line highly
angled outwards beyond the cell, with a
chocolate patch beyond it on the costa ;
traces of a pale waved submarginal line ;
ff a lunulate marginal line. Hind wing with

Ingum sulapicalis, 3. \. the basal area pale ; the veins and outer
area fuscous ; a pale patch at anal angle.

Hab. N."W. Himalayas ; Karachi ; Calcutta. Exp., 3 28,
2 36 millim.

B. Antennas of male bipectinate, the brandies stiff.

2255. Ingura cristatrix, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 313 ; C. $ S. no. 1198.

Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish grey. Fore wing red-
brown ; an oblique dark line from lower angle of cell to inner
margin near base, the area inside it pinkish ochreous ; a speck at
lower angle of cell and obscure line from it to inner margin ; a
postmedial line highly excurved to near outer margin, then bent
inwards to near lower angle of cell and inner margin, the area
inside it pinkish ochreous ; apex grey or ochreous ; an indis-
tinct highly dentate submarginal line. Hind wing whitish, more
or less suffused with brown, and with a pale patch at anal angle.

Hab. Nilgiris ; Audamans ; Java ; Friendly Islands. Exp. 30-
36 Hiillim.

Genus ANUGA.

Amiga, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 307 (1852).

Piada, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1746 (18-58).

Ccecila, Wlk. Cat, xv, p. 1824 (IS-'.S).

Spersara, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 174 (1864).

Type, A. constricta, Guen.

Range. China ; Sikhim ; Malabar Coast ; An damans ; Borneo ;
Java.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint not reaching the vertex of head
and fringed with hair in front, the 3rd short and naked ; vertex
of head with ridges of hair ; antennae very long, with uniseriate

390 NOCTUID^E.

short branches in male. Thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled,
the latter long with tubular anal tuft. Fore wing very long and
narrow ; the apex rounded ; the outer margin oblique ; the cilia
crenulate ; male with a narrow costal fold acting as retinaculum.
Hind wing with the cilia crenulate ; the outer margin excised
towards anal angle.

2256. Anuga constricta, Guen. Noct. \\, p. 308 ; C. $ S. no. 2208.
Piada multiplicans, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1747 ; Hmpsn. 111. Het. viii,

pi. 143, fig. 7 ; C. $ 8. no. 1878.

Spersara glaucopoides, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 175.
Ccecila complexa, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1825.

Grey, suffused with reddish fuscous ; abdomen with the dorsum
paler, except the penultimate segment. Fore wing with waved

subbasal line ; double waved ante-
medial line, single medial, double
postmedial, and single submarginal
lines ; a speck at middle of cell, and
black and chestnut lunule at end
of it ; the outer area fuscous, with
a series of marginal black specks.
Hind wing with indistinct medial
-p. 217 and postmedial ochreous lines only

Anuga constricta, <J. \. developed towards inner margin;

a large ochreous marginal patch

towards anal angle ; a series of black and ochreous marginal specks ;
underside with large deep black cell-spot and three postmedial
waved lines, the outer with ochreous patch on it towards anal
angle.

The form multiplicans has the fore wing more variegated with
ochreous ; hind wing with the ochreous patch above anal angle
large.

Hob. Hongkong ; Canara ; Nilgiris ; Andamans ; Singapore ;
Borneo ; Java. Exp., $ 46, $ 50 millim.

2257. Anuga lunulata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 62 ; C. % S. no. 2209.

Differs from constricta in the fore wing having the costal
area ochreous ; the waved lines blackish and minutely dentate ;
the orbicular a small ring-spot ; the reniform indistinct. Hind
wing with the medial line more distinct : the patch at anal angle
smaller, rufous at margin, and with black specks inside it ; under-
side with the cell-spot small.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 40 millim.

Genus EUTELIA.

Eutelia, Hubn. Verz. p. 259 (1818).
Eurhipia, Boisd. 2nd. Meth. p. 73 (1829).
Penicillaria, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 302 (1852).
Targalla, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1007 (1857).
Cryassa, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1745 (1858).

EUTELIA. 391

Type, E. adulatrix, Hiibn., from Europe.

Range. N. and S. America ; throughout India, Ceylon, and
Burma; Andamans ; Java; Australia.

Differs from Ingura in the thorax and abdomen being typically
stouter, the latter with a pair of anal tufts and extremely slight
dorsal tufts on medial segments.

SECT. I. (Targalla). Antennae of male almost simple.

A. Fore wing with the outer margin slightly angled, the cilia
crenulate ; tibiae hairy.

2258. Eutelia delatrix, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 304; C. £ & no. 2193.
Penicillaria palliatrix, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 305.
Penicillaria ludatrix, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1773.
Targalla infida, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1008 ; C. 8f S. no. 2194 ; Moore,

Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 151, figs. 6, 6« (larva).
Cryassa bifacies, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1745; Moore, Lep. Csyl. iii,

pi. 151, tigs. 5, 5 a ; C. $ S. no. 2192.

Eutelia repleta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 821 ; C. $ S. no. 2195.
Eutelia impleta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 822.
Eutelia plusioides, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 822.
Eurhipia preetexta, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. Ill, fig. 24.

Dull red-brown. Fore wing with the basal half dark, bounded
by a slightly oblique line with whitish
edge ; the outer area paler red-brown,
with a triangular chocolate patch
before apex with pale edges and
three pale specks on it ; the reniform
narrow and grey; traces of very
numerous waved lines. Hind wing
dark fuscous brown ; the inner margin
and vein 2 with some rufous specks

Eutelia d'atru, 3 . |. °* them 5 *he cilian ruf°us- Under-

side with the basal and inner areas

paler ; fore wing with some grey towards apex and two post-
medial lines ; hind wing with black cell-spot and three minutely
waved lines.

The imm palliatrix sometimes has, beyond the cell of fore wing,
slight dark marks, which may, however, be quite absent ; in delatrix
there is a large dark triangular mark beyond the cell and a dark
speck on inner margin ; bifacies has an olive tinge and is much
more variegated ; the reniform normally white and quadrate.

Larva green, the sides paler ; a slender subdorsal whitish
line and series of small lateral spots, or the line may be yellow
with another line between the spiracles, which are brown, with a
few short hairs from them. Pupa in a slight cocoon under
leaves.

Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java ; Australia.
Kvp. 30-34 millim.

392

B. Fore iving with the outer margin not angled, the cilia non-
crenulate ; tibia; almost naked.

2259. Eutelia deleta, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 81, pi. 146, fig. 15.

Greyish fuscous brown ; head and inetathorax dark ; palpi with
a pale spot at base of 2nd joint in front ; base of abdomen pale
above. Fore wing greyish ; the outer area suffused with brown ;
traces of several oblique lines ; a sinuous postmedial double line
angled below costa and excurved round end of cell, then oblique
to centre of inner margin. Hind wing dark fuscous brown ; the
underside pale, with waved lines on outer area.

Hab. Sikhim; Kilgiris; Ceylon. Exp. 24 niilliin.

2260. Eutelia cinctipalpis, "wik. Cat xxxiii, p. 820; Hmpsn. 111.

Het. ix, pi. 163, fig. 16; C. $ S. no. '2'20'2.
^Egilia angulata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 146 ; C. 8f S. no. 2382.

£ . Differs from deleta in the lines of the fore wing being less
oblique and more waved ; the postmedial line not better defined
than the others nor angled below the costa ; palpi with pale spots
on 2nd joint in front.

Hab. Sikhim ; Manipur ; Nagas ; Ceylon. Krp.t <$ 30, $ 28
millim,

2261. Eutelia albiceps, n. sp.

<S . Palpi whitish, black at base ; the vertex of head whitish ;
thorax dark purplish brown; abdomen dark red, with the base
purplish. Fore wing with the basal half dark purplish with
indistinct subbasal line, obliquely curved green anteinedial line, and
bounded by the pale elongate reniform and a double dark line from,
median nervure to inner margin ; the outer area pale purplish
fuscous, with three indistinct rufous waved postmedial lines angled
below the costa, and with a large black V-mark on them beyond
cell ; a triangular rufous patch on costa before apex, with a green
spot below it ; an indistinct waved submarginal line. Hind wing
dark fuscous, with traces of a pale postmedial line and some
rufous patches near anal angle ; underside greyish, with cell-spot
and three waved lines.

Hab. Tenasserim Valley (Dolierty). Exp. 22 millim. Type in
coll. Druce.

2262. Eutelia obscura, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 146; C. $ S. no. 2384.

Head and collar chocolate ; thorax dark purplish red-brown. ;
abdomen paler. Fore wing dark fuscous red-brown ; the costal
area purplish ; a rufous speck in cell ; some black and rufous
strigae on the apical part of outer margin.

Hab. Sikhim ; Nagas ; Borneo. Exp. 30 millim.

EUTELIA. 393

2263. Eutelia mediifascia, n. sp.

Olive-brown; base of abdomen with a pale band. Fore wing
olive-green ; a double autemedial curved line ; a pale medial band ;
a double postmedial line excurved beyond cell ; some short streaks
on outer area ; a pale dentate submarginal line. Hind wing dark
fuscous, with a pale speck on outer margin at vein 2.

Hal. E. Pegu (Doherty) ; Perak (Kunstkr). Exp. 22 millim.
Type in coll. Elwes.

2264. Eutelia albomaculata, n. sp.

§ . Fuscous red-brown ; abdomen with pale basal band. Fore
wing with traces of double ante- and postmedial lines, dentate sub-
marginal line, and dark spot at end of cell. Hind wing with the
basal half pale, the outer fuscous.

Hob. iSikhini (Elwes). Eocp. 22 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. (PeniciUaria). Antenna of male serrate, with fascicles
of long cilia ; the cilia of fore wing non-crenulate.

2265. Eutelia jocosatrix, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 304; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 151, figs. 8, 8 a (larva) ; C. $ 8. no. 2199.

Dark purplish red-brown. Fore wing with traces of subbasal
line ; an indistinct antemedial line angled on median nervure ; a
postmedial line angled beyond cell, with chocolate below the angle,
and joined by a chocolate patch from costa inside the indistinct
submarginal angled whitish line ; a pale streak and slight fold from
centre of cell to outer margin. Hind wing white, with dark cell-
spot ; the outer area purplish brown ; underside with the cell-spot
very prominent and black.

Larva green, with sublateral dark striae ; the somites with
small purple spots and a subdorsal series of larger spots ; a few
hairs from the spiracles. Food-plant Terminalia belerica.

Hal. Throughout India and Ceylon; Java. Exp. 30 millim.

2266. Eutelia maculata, Butl. 111. Het. vii, p. 71, pi. 130, fig. 5.

Differs from jocosatrix in the fore wing having the antemedial
line on a diffused ochreous band with a greyish-white line inside
it ; a white line beyond the postmedial line, with a black spot
below its angle ; a black speck in the angle of the inner line ; no
chocolate patches ; some bluish grey inside the submarginal line
above outer angle. Hind wing with a whitish streak above anal
angle.

llab. N.W. Himalayas. Eocy*. 30 millim.

394 1TOCTUTD.E.

SECT. III. Antennae of male bipectinate.
A. Fore wing with the cilia non-crenulate.

2267. Eutelia nugatrix, Gum. Noct. ii, p. 303, pi. 14, tig. 7 ; C. fy S.

no. 2201.

Penicillaria lineatrix, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1776 ; C. fy S. no. 2200.
Eutelia simplex, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 824.

Differs from jocosatrix in the collar being slightly fringed with
grey. Fore wing with the lines paler and more prominent ; the
reniform prominent; the postmedial line excurved round cell, and
without chocolate on it ; the chocolate inside the submarginal line
in the form of a short band ; a small patch above outer angle.
Hind wing with a chocolate patch on the margin near anal angle ;
underside with the outer area ferruginous.

In the form lineatrix the submarginal line of fore wing is white
and prominent, with a slender white line inside it, of which there
are only traces in the typical form.

Hah. Throughout India and Ceylon; Andamans. Exp. 30
millim.

2268. Eutelia fulvipicta, n. sp.

c? . Differs from nugatrix in the head, thorax, and base of
abdomen being suffused with orange-fulvous, the abdomen with
white dorsal spot at centre. Fore wing with the inner basal half
orange-fulvous, and a large patch of that colour on the costal area
before apex ; the costa with small white spots at antemedial line,
centre, and submarginal line, and specks towards apex ; some grey
submarginal suffusion near outer angle. Hind wing with the
basal area yellowish ; the outer purplish band broader ; the under-
side without ferruginous suffusion.

Hah. Naga Hills, 3000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 30 millim. Type
in coll. Elwes.

2269. Eutelia apicifascia, n. sp.

2 • Head and thorax rufous brown ; abdomen pale. Fore wing
dark red-browrn, the basal half variegated with pinkish and dark
marks ; an ochreous spot at end of cell ; a curved and waved post-
medial whitish line double at costa, where it is joined by a broad
pale fawn streak from apex; an indistinct submarginal pale
dentate line ; the apex plum-coloured ; a marginal series of black
specks. Hind wing with the basal area pale ; the outer fuscous,
with dark specks on inner margin and vein 2 ; cilia rufous.
Underside suffused with red; fore wing with double crenulate
postmedial line : hind wing with cell-spot, waved medial line, and
double crenulate postmedial line.

Hob. Bombay (Leiih). Exp. 30 millim. Type in B. M.

EUTELIA. 395

B. Fore wing with the cilia crenulate.

2270. Eutelia inextricata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 147; C. $ S.
no. 2205.

Head and collar chestnut ; thorax dark red-brown, with white
lines ; abdomen fuscous, with rufous dorsal marks on 1st segment,
then some long white hair and rufous tufts on distal segments ;
some lateral rufous marks. Fore wing pale brown ; some white
suffusion and curved white lines on basal area; reniform with
white outline ; three sinuous postmedial lines excurved beyond
cell, the inner wTith crimson below costa and at middle and metallic
green at inner margin ; the two outer lines with orange spots at
inner margin ; the outer margin with a series of black specks and
metallic-green spot at centre, with some crimson below it. Hind
wing with the basal area semihy aline white ; the outer area
fuscous brown, with a white streak at anal angle, and a marginal
series of dark strise.

Hob. N. China; N.W. Himalayas; Sikhirn ; Assam; Ceylon.
Exp. 32-40 millim.

2271. Eutelia excitans, Butl. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 381 ; C. % &

no. 2198.

Differs from inextricata in the collar being white and fuscous ;
the thorax pale red, the abdomen fuscous. Fore wing pale red,
with more white on the basal costal area ; the markings on the
postmedial line and outer margin much paler. Hind wing with
some white submarginal spots on the dark band and some pale
red on the centre of margin.

Hal. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 44 millim.]

SECT. IV. Palpi nearly naked ; antennae of male serrate and highly
fasciculate for two-thirds length ; no tuft on fore leg.

2272. Eutelia dulcilinea, Wlk. Journ, Linn. Soc. vii, p. 66.
Eutelia dimidiata, Wlk. Jonrn. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 60.
Penicillaria chalybsa, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 80, pi. 146,

fig. 1.

Head white and black ; thorax and abdomen pale slate-colour.
Fore wing pale slate-colour, with a dark basal speck ; a white and
black antemedial line angled below costa; an indistinct angled
medial line ; the reniform dark, with white edge ; some white
specks on costa towards apex ; a pale indistinct submarginal line
with a dark triangular patch inside it at costa. and subapical black
V-mark. Hind wing blackish ; the basal area pale ; indistinct
medial and submarginal lines, the latter with whitish outside it at
costa and towards anal angle ; some whitish marks on margin.

llab. Sikhim ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Borneo. Exp. 28 millim.

396 NOCTTJIDJE.

SECT. V. Antennae of male with short fasciculated cilia ;
thorax and abdomen more slender.

2273. Eutelia discistriga, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 823 j C. $ S.

no. 2203.

Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with pale and dark scales ;
the collar with a chestnut tinge. .Fore wing clothed with pale and
dark brown and chestnut scales ; numerous ill-defined lines on
the basal area ; a pale patch with a dark hoop above it at end of
cell ; the postmedial dark line with a quadrangular sinus beyond
cell and with traces of other lines beyond it ; an indistinct irregu-
larly waved submarginal pale line. Hind wing whitish ; the veins
and outer area fuscous.

Hab. Aden; Karachi; Nilgiris. E.rp. 34 millim.

2274. Eutelia favillatrix, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1778 ; C. $ S. no. 2204 ;

Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix, pi. 163, fig. 15.

Differs from discistriya in the head, thorax, abdomen, and fore
wing being variegated with crimson, orange, and ochreous scales ;
some metallic-blue scales on metathorax ; a whitish dorsal patch
on centre of abdomen. Fore wing with a raised tuft of brown
scales at centre of cell and crimson tuft at end of it.

Hab. Throughout India and Ceylon. Exp. 28 millim.

Subfamily STICTOPTERIN^l.

Palpi slender and of moderate length. Abdomen hardly longer
than the hind wing. Fore wing increasing in width to outer
margin, usually long and narrow, with raised tufts more or less
developed; vein 6 from angle of cell; 8 given off from 7 and
anastomosing with 9 to form an areole. Hind wing usually hyaline
at base, with vein 5 from the lower angle and fully developed.

Larvce with 4 pairs of abdominal prolegs.

Key to the Genera.

A. Antennae of normal length.

a. Fore wing- hooked at outer angle 4. ODONTODES, p. 400.

b. Fore wing not hooked at outer angle.

a'. Abdomen smoothly scaled 1. MACEDA, p. 397.

b'. Abdomen with dorsal tufts on prox-
imal segments 2. CYMATOPHOKOPSIS,

B. Antennae very long. [p. 397.

a. Fore wing of moderate breadth.

a'. Fore wing with the cilia non-crenu-

late ; frenulum divided in female . . 3. RISOBA, p. 398.
b'. Fore wing with the cilia crenulate ;

frenulum single in female 5. STICTOPTERA, p. 400.

b. Fore wing long and narrow.

a'. Fore wing extremely long 6. SADABSA, p. 404.

b'. Fore wing shorter 7. GYRTONA, p. 404.

MACEDA. — CYMATOPHOEOPSTS. 397

Genus MACEDA.

Maceda, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1140 (1857).
Calduba, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1815 (1858).

Type, M. mansueta, Wlk.

Range. Ceylon ; Borneo ; N. Australia.

Palpi slender, and reaching just above vertex of head ; antennae
ciliated ; abdomen with coarse hair on dorsum of proximal seg-
ments ; tibiae nearly naked. Pore wing without raised tufts ; the
apex almost rectangular ; male with the retinaculum bar-shaped ;
the end of the cell rounded and dilated, with a small patch of
ribbed hyaline membrane, probably for stridulation with the spines
of the mid tarsi. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked.

2275. Maceda mansueta, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1141 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl

iii, pi. 154, figs. 4, 5 ; C. $ S. no. 2233.
Calduba obtenta, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1815.

Rather pale red-brown ; abdomen fuscous, with slight white
rings. Pore wing with short sub-
basal line; oblique nearly straight
antemedial line ; spot at end of cell ;
waved postmedial lineexcurved beyond
the cell ; a sinuous series of sub-
marginal specks. Hind wing fuscous
black, with an ill-defined white patch
on the disk ; the margin white towards
- 219- anal angle.

Maeeda mansmta, rf . }. ^ ^^ . Andamang . Borneo .

N. Australia. Exp. 34 millim.

Genus CYMATOPHOROPSIS, nov.

Type, C. sinuata, Moore.

Range . Himalayas.

Palpi obliquely upturned, and not reaching vertex of head ;
antenna? simple in male ; inetathorax with slight tufts ; abdomen
with tufts on the two proximal segments ; tibiso moderately
hairy. Pore wing with the apex rounded ; no raised tufts.

2276. Cymatophoropsis sinuata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 405;

C. $ S. no. 1178.
Risoba confluens, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 92 ; C. $ S. no. 1634.

Head and thorax dark red-brown ; the collar white ; abdomen
fuscous. Pore wing black-brown, with a large basal white patch
with obliquely waved outer edge and a large brown patch on it ;
a series of similar marginal spots, the one at apex large, and that
at outer angle very large, irregular, and almost joining the basal

398

NOCTUID^E.

patch. Hind wing dark fuscous. Underside with cell-spot and
postmedial line to each wing.

Fig. 220. — Cymatophoropsis sinuata, $ . }.

The form sinuata has the collar and patches of fore wing
suffused with brown, which in confluens are white.
Hab. Simla ; Sikhiin. Exp., 3 34, $ 40 imllim.

Genus RISOBA.

Risoba, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 328.
Pitrasa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 94 (1882).

Type, R. repugnans, Wlk.

Range. China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java ;
Borneo.

Palpi upturned, and reaching vertex of head ; antennae almost
as long as fore wing, with fasciculated cilia in male ; thorax and
abdomen smoothly scaled, the latter long ; tibia? smooth and
without spines. Fore wing without raised tufts ; the apex rect-
angular; the cilia non-crenulate ; the retiuaculum of male bar-
shaped ; and the claspers large and elongate.

2277. Eisoba repugnans, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 9; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 144, fig. 1 ; C.$S. no. 1039.

Head brown ; thorax and abdomen brownish white. Fore wing

brownish grey ; a basal white
patch slightly suffused with
bright rufous ; indistinct waved
antemedial, postmedial, and sub-
marginal lines ; the orbicular a
speck ; the reniform white, with
rufous centre and edge ; a large
apical rufous patch with whitish
lunule on its inner side ; some
rufous patches with white edges
on outer part of inner margin ; a marginal series of dark specks.
Hind wing white, with the outer area fuscous ; underside with cell-
spot.

Hal. " ]N". India" ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 40 millim.

2278. Risoba obstmcta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 328 ; id. Lep. Ceyl

iii, pi. 144, figs. 2, 2 a, b (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 1637.
Risoba vialis, Lep. Atk. p. 91, pi. 4; fig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 1640.

EISOBA. 399

Risoba proininens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 329; C. # S.
no. 1638.

Head and thorax brown ; tegulae whitish. Pore wing whitish,
irrorated with brown; an oblique white basal band, the costal
area just beyond it red-brown ; the reniform round, with a dark
speck at centre ; a postmedial oblique double line slightly incurved
below vein 4, the area beyond it red-brown with traces of a sub-
marginal waved line ; some apical dark streaks ; a series of
marginal brown and white specks. Hind wing semihyaline white,
with broad brown marginal band.

Larva purplish brown, palest at sides ; dorsal and lateral white
speckled lines, a sublateral series of whitish streaks ; a series of
black dots between the lateral and sublateral lines ; a conical
prominence on anal somite. Food-plant Qaisqualis.

Hctb. N. China; throughout Peninsular India, Ceylon, and
Burma ; Malacca ; Java. Exp. 28-36 millim.

2279. Eisoba diversipennis, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1750 ; C.$S. no. 1635.
Risoba basalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 91 ; C. fy S. no. 1633.

Differs from obstructa in the costal area of fore wing being
whitish as far as end of cell ; a white quadrate spot below the
apical brown patch ; a crenulate marginal line.

Hal. Sikhim; Khasis ; Ceylon; Moulmein ; Malacca; Borneo.
. 36 millim.

2280. Eisoba literata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 329; C. $ S.

no. 1636.

Differs from diversipennis in the costal area of fore wing not
being white ; a straight oblique narrow postmedial white baud
obscuring the postmedial line.

Hob. Sikhim ; Nilgiris. Exp. 38 millim.

2281. Eisoba variegata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 94, pi. 4, fig. 2 ; C. $ S.

no. 1645.

Pitrasa vitellina, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 94, pi. 4, fig. 3 ; C. $ S.
no. 1646.

2 . Head and thorax brownish grey. Tore wing olive-yellow,
the costa suffused with reddish grey; a black speck at base, with
an oblique black and white streak from it ; a black speck at lower
angle of cell : an oblique postmedial series of dark specks, with a
very obscure grey baud inside them to lower angle of cell ; an
obscure apical streak and subrnarginal line ; a marginal series of
dark and pale specks. Hind wing pale, with broad fuscous outer
band ; underside with black lunule at end of cell.

c? . Fore wing purplish ochreous ; the disk and outer area
suffused with purplish grey ; the series of specks developed into
an obliquely waved line.

Hab. tSikhiin. Exp. 38 millim.

400 NOCTTTID.E.

Genus ODONTODES.

Odontodes, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 50 (1852).

Nedroma, Wlk. Proc. N. H. Soc. Glasgow^. 353 (1869)

Burdria, Wlk. Char. Undesc.Het. p. 50 (1869).

Type, 0. aleuca, Guen.

Range. W. Africa ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
Java.

Antennas very long and slender ; palpi slender and upturned,
the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd short; thorax
smoothly scaled ; abdomen with a tuft on first segment. Fore
wing slightly arched towards apex, which is rectangular ; the outer
angle slightly hooked ; slight tufts of raised scales.

2282. Odontodes aleuca, Guen, Noct. iii, p. 51 ; C. $ 8. no. 2369.
Briarda bolinoides, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1802 ; C. fy S. no. 2370.
Steiria subfasciata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 922.
Steiria quadristrigata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 923.
Odontodes inordinata, Butl. III. Hct. vii, p. 14.
Nedroma ferruginea, Wlk. Proc. N. H. Soc. Glasgoio, i, p. 353.
Burdria edemoides, Wlk. Char. Vndesc. Net. p. 50; C. $ S.
no. 2397.

Dark red-brown. Tore wing with short subbasal line ; double

waved anteinedial and waved
and curved medial lines ; a double
dentate postmedial line excurved
beyond cell ; traces of a dentate
submarginal line; the reniform
large and indistinct. Hind wing
fuscous red-brown, the basal area
more or less hyaline, the outer
area darkest ; the cilia ochreous.
Underside with the basal area of
Fig. 222. both wings pale, with the veins

Odontodes aleuca, tf . f . and cell-spot dark brown ; the

outer area dark brown.

Some specimens have the fore wing much more variegated, with
some white beyond the medial line and in the double ante- and
postmedial • lines ; others have the reniform white, and others a
broad pale fascia, on inner margin to the postmedial line or outer
angle ; others, again, are pale with a broad black fascia from the
base below cell, or the medial line may be inwardly bordered by
black.

Hab. W. Africa ; throughout India and Burma. Expt 48
millim.

Genus STICTOPTERA.

Stictoptera, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 51 (1852).
Dandaca, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 149 (1856).
Steiria, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1135 (1857).
^gilia, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1138.
Minica, Wlk. tat. xiii, p. 1139.

STICTOFTEBA. 401

Type, S. cucullioides, Guen.

Range. Neotropical, Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australian regions.

Palpi slender and nearly naked, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of
head, the 3rd long; antennae very long and slender; thorax
smoothly scaled ; abdomen with dorsal tufts on proximal seg-
ments ; tibiae slightly hairy. Fore wing rather long and narrow,
with the cilia crenulate ; a small tuft of raised scales on the
reniform. Frenulum of male very strong ; single in female.

SECT. I. Fore wing of male produced at apex.

2283. Stictoptera cucullioides, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 52.

Dandaca coluniba, Wilt. Cat. ix, p. 149; C. # S. no. 1791.
Steiria subobliqua, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1136 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 159, figs. 4, 4 a (larva) ; C. fy S. no. 2365.
Minica confluens, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1140.
Steiria signifera, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1136.
Steiria humeralis, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 174.
Steiria ferrifera, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 173.
Minica semialba, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 175.
Minica nigrilinea, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 176.
Stictoptera grisea, Moore. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 67 ; C. fy S. no. 2362.
Briarda conturbata, Wlk. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasg. i, p. 354.
Steiria variabilis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 164 ; C. fy S. no. 2367.

c? . Head and thorax grey-brown ; abdomen fuscous. Fore
wing grey-brown, with numerous indistinct waved lines ; the
orbicular and reniform stigmata indistinct, the latter with a few
raised scales on it ; a series of small marginal lunules. Hind
wing opalescent hyaline ; the veins and broad outer band fuscous ;
the cilia pale.

The first set of forms is small : cucullioides having the
ground-colour of fore wing rufous, with a grey fascia from base to

outer margin occupying the greater
part of the wing, this fascia in
another form being ochreous
white; in subobliqua — humeralis
the basal half is ochreous, with
black streaks on it as far as an
oblique medial line, the outer area
being greyer or in specimens from
223 W. Africa very dark, and the

Stictoptera cucMioides, <$. l. hyaline area of hind wing reduced.

In vanahilis this basal area is pale
or dark rufous, and there are dark submarginal marks ; in con-
fluens the basal area is smoky black ; tiffnifera is more uniformly
variegated with rufous; coJumba is green with rufous spots and
with a large subbasal rufous patch.

The second set of forms is larger : grisea being grey marked with

rufous ; ferrifera with a dark spot beyond the postmedial line ;

semialba with white blotches on the basal half ; whilst in a Simla

specimen the thorax is very dark with the patagia ochreous ; the

VOL. ii. 2 D

402 XOCTTTID.E.

fore wing reddish ochreous, suffused with dark red-brown especially
at apex and outer angle.

Larva dusky olive-green ; the head and anal somites yellowish ;
2nd and 5th somites ochreous /ibove ; dusky dorsal and subdorsal
bands and a sublateral series of black spots. Pood-plant
Garcinia.

Hal. W. Africa ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
Singapore ; Java. E.rp., tf 44-54, $ 36-46 rnillim.

2284. Stictoptera striata, n. sp.

c? . Eed-brown. Fore wing with longitudinal narrow dark
streaks on the costal area ; an irregularly sinuous pale submarginal
line with an ill-defined blackish fascia from below its centre to
inner margin near base ; a marginal series of dark striffi. Hind
wing opalescent hyaline ; the veins, inner and outer areas
fuscous.

Hal. Sikhim, 6000 feet (Moller). Exp. 50 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

2285. Stictoptera describ ens, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1139; Hmpsn. Ill

Het. ix, pi. 163, fig. 11 ; C. $ S. no. 2383.
Lophoptera xylinata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 920 j C. $ S. no. 2381.

Ferruginous brown. Fore wing with numerous indistinct very
oblique ferruginous lines on basal area ; a more distinct lunulate
postmedial line ; a whitish snbmargiual waved line. Hind wing
with the basal central area opalescent semihyaline ; the veins,
costa, outer and inner areas fuscous. The form .xylinata has
fuscous blotches on fore wing.

Bab. Canara ; Ceylon. Exp. 46 millim.

2286. Stictoptera denticulata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii. p. 919 ; C. # S.

no. 2361.

£ . Differs from descrilens in the head, thorax, and fore wing
being pale ochreous brown ; the last with some black specks at
lower angle of cell, and with the submarginal whitish line absent.
Underside ochreous and whitish, with a distinct marginal fuscous
band to both wings.

Hal. Moulmein. Exp. 34 millim.

Moore, Lep.
174.

2287. Stictoptera trajiciens, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1137 ;

Ceyl iii, pi. 158, fig. 12 ; C. $ S. no. 2366.
Steiria sequilinea, Wtk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 174

Head and thorax dark red-brown ; abdomen paler. Fore wing
dark red-brown suffused with greenish grey, especially on costal
area ; numerous erect indistinct waved lines ; an erect postmedial
line joined below cell by a curved line from the costa; an

STICTOPTERA. 403

indistinct irregularly dentate submarginai line. Hind wing
iridescent-hyaline : the veins and outer area fuscous.
Hob. Ceylon ; Borneo. Exp. 38 millim.

2288. Stictoptera illucida, wik. Cat. xxxiii, p. 918; C & S.

no. 2363.

Stictoptera olivascens, Moore. Lev. Aik. p. 164 • C. 8r S
no. 226-1.

Differs from trajiciens in the fore wing being without the
greenish-grey suffusion; double subbasal, ante- and postmedial
fulvous waved lines, and single medial and submarginai lines ;
a leaden-grey band between the postmedial and submarginai bands,
and some leaden grey on apical part of margin ; the reriiform
large. Hind wing with the inner area fuscous. Some specimens
have an ochreous patch at base of fore wing, others a ferruginous
patch on central inner area.

ffab. Formosa; Punjab; Ganjam; Moulmein. Evp. 34
millim.

2289. Stictoptera albodentata, Moore. Len. Atk. p. 165; C & S.

no. 2373.
Gyrtona chalybea, Sutl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 163 ; C. $ S. no. 2374.

Differs from illucida in being dark fuscous brown ; the lines of
fore wing less distinct ; no leaden band ; a waved line just inside
the margin often with minute white specks on it.

One specimen has the ground-colour pale greenish.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhirn ; Khasis ; E. Pegu. E.vp. 28
millim.

SECT. II. Pore wing of male somewhat broader.

2290. Stictoptera anthyalus, Sioinh. MS.

Greyish fuscous brown. Pore wing with double subbasal, ante-
and postmedial waved lines ; the medial area suffused with fuscous,
and with dark stria3 in and below cell ; two submarginai single
waved lines, the inner dark at costa. Hind wing fuscous, without
hyaline.

Hub. Khasis ; Ganjam. Krp. 34 millim. Type in B. M.

2291. Stictoptera costata, Moore, Lev. Ceyl in, p. 123, pi. 159. fig. 8 ;

C. # S. no. 2380.

Head and thorax dark red-brown ; abdomen fuscous. Pore
wing grey, with a black-brown costal fascia widest at middle ; the
inner area irrorated with black-brown ; double subbasal, ante- and
postmedial waved lines and single medial and two submarginai
lines. Hind wing dark fuscous, with slight traces of hyaline ou
the disk between the veins.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas; Ceylon. Exp. 42 millim.

2D '>

404 TTOCTTJID.!?.

Genus SADARSA.
Sadarsa, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 164 (1882).

Type, S. longipennis, Moore.

Range. Sikhim.

Palpi of moderate length, slender, and obliquely porrect ; a
sharp frontal tuft ; antennae minutely ciliated in male ; a slight
tuft behind the collar, and paired tufts on metathorax ; abdomen
with small dorsal tufts on first three segments ; tibiae naked. Fore
wing very long and narrow : the apex produced ; the outer margin
oblique, and with slight tufts of raised scales. Hind wing ample ;
the outer margin excised below apex ; veins 3, 4, 5 from close to
lower angle of cell.

SECT. I. Fore wing with the apex moderately produced and
rounded.

2292. Sadarsa tenuis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 60 j C. $ S. no. 2372.

cJ . Dark purplish red-brown. Pore wing with numerous in-
distinct extremely oblique waved lines ; the outer area without the
purplish tinge. Hind wing with the basal area pale and semi-
hyaline ; the veins and outer area fuscous.

Nab. Sikhim. Exp. 40 milliin.

SECT. II. Fore wing with the apex extremely produced and acute.

2293. Sadarsa longipennis, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 165, pi. 5, fig. 14 ;
C. # S. no. 2371.

cJ . Fuscous brown. Fore wing with numerous indistinct

Fig. 224. — Sadarsa longipennis, $ . {.

oblique waved lines. Hind wing with the basal area pale and
semihyaline ; the veins and outer area fuscous.
Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 46 millim.

Genus GYRTONA.

Gyrtona, Wlk. Cat. xxvii, p. 89 (1863).
Clina, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 257 (1864).

Type, G. proximalis, "Wlk., from Borneo.

Range. W. Africa; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma;
Borneo.

GYRTONA. 405

Differs from Stictoptera in the palpi being porrect and more
hairy ; a large frontal tuft ; antenna with long cilia in male ;
abdomen without dorsal tufts. Fore wing with slight raised tufts
at middle and end of cell.

2294. Gyrtona hylusalis, Wlk. Cat. xxvii, p. 93 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix,

pi. 163, fig. 18 ; C.$S. no. 2376.
Gyrtona nigrocinerea, Wlk. Cat. xxvii, p. 94.
Gyrtona dorsifascialis, Wlk. Cat. xxvii, p. 95.
Gyrtona strenualis, Wlk. Cat. xxvii, p. 96.
Gyrtona moniKalis, Wlk. Cat. xxvii, p. 97.
Gyrtona phycisoides, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 125, pi. 158, fig. 8 ;

C fy S. no. 2378.

Nephopteryx demptella, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1721.
Nephopteryx acisalis, Wlk. Cat. xxvii, p. 66 ; C. $ S. no. 4649.
Gvrtona thoracia, Wlk. Cat. xxvii, p. 96; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix,

pi 163, fig. 19 ; C. # 8. no. 2379.
Othora subfasciata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 907; C. $ S. no. 2375

(part.).

Dark or pale red-brown. Fore wing with indistinct double

waved sub basal, ante- and post-
medial dark lines ; some tufts of
raised scales on the antemedial line
and on reniform. Hind wing dark
fuscous brown.

Some specimens have grey patches
on the inner area of fore wing before
the ante- and postmedial lines ;
Fig. 225. others have the basal and some the

Gyrtona hylusalis, $ . \. inner area ochreous ; in thoracia
the thorax is pale, the basal area of

fore wing almost black, the outer area ochreous white, blackish
at outer angle.

Hab. Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Kvp. 18-30 millim.

2295. Gyrtona pluinbeifascia, n. sp.

2 . Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wing
ruther short and broad, the colour olive-green; a leaden patch at
base ; an antemedial leaden band, with a waved line and some tufts
of raised scales on it, and with a nearly straight indistinct line
beyond it ; four dark specks near end of cell and a small leaden
patch at upper angle ; outer area leaden grey, with minutely waved
postmedial and two nearly straight submargiual rufous lines.
Hind wing dark brown.

Hab. IS. Andainans. Exp. 22 millim. Type in B. M.

2296. Gyrtona pusilla, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 289.

Differs from plumbeifascia in being pale greyish brown without
the olive tinge. Fore wing without plumbeous markings ; the

406 KOCTUIDJE.

lines slightly less parallel ; traces of a medial band. Hind wing
paler ; the interspaces more hyaline.

Hob. Accra, W. Africa ; Calcutta ; Kagas. Exp. 22 millim.

2297. Gyrtona dorsalis, Wlk. Cat. xxvii, p. 98 ; Moore, Len. Cevl. iii,

pi. 158, figs. 10, 11 ; C. $ S. no. 2375.
Othora includens, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 909.
Ariola bryophilina, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 120, fig. 10.

Differs from hylusalis in being larger and pale red-brown ; fore
wing with the waved lines more indistinct.

In dorsalis there are two black patches on the antemedial line of
fore wing, whilst includens has a large oval antemedial black
mark.

Hob. Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; E. Pegu. Exp. 32 millim.

2298. Gyrtona exsicca, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 149, pi. 8,

fig. 5.

Differs from hylusalis in being uniform dull brown ; the lines
very indistinct ; the antemedial line dentate. Hind wing with the
basal area semihyaline, the outer fuscous brown.

Hal. S. Canara. Exp. 28 millim.

2299. Gyrtona lapidaria, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 257 ; Hmp&n. III. Het.

viii, pi. 143, fig. 20 ; C. # S. no. 734.
Clina rufina, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 86, pi. 146, fig. 12.
Clina basalis, Hmpsn, III. Het. viii, p. 86, pi. 146, fig. 5.

Pale ochreous brown. Fore wing with traces of waved lines ;
some dark submarginal marks and marginal series of black specks.
Hind wing fuscous brown.

The form lapidaria has a rufous streak on inner margin of fore
wing ; rufina has a dark streak on median nervure, the rufous
streak widening to outer margin ; in basalis the basal area is
ochreous, with a large black patch on it, the medial area suf-
fused with fuscous.

Hal. Nilgiris. Exp. 24-30 millim.

Subfamily GONOPTERIN^E.

Palpi with the 2nd joint straight ; abdomen longer than the
hind wing, stout and smoothly scaled. Fore wing increasing in
width to outer margin ; the retinaculum sometimes bar-shaped in
male. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 usually stalked, 5 from or from
close to lower angle of cell and strongly developed.

Larvae with the 4 pairs of abdominal prolegs developed, except
in Cosmophila erosa, which has 3 pairs. Several genera have
the thoracic somites very much dilated.

GONOPTERISVE. 407

Key to the Genera.

A. Fore wing with veins 8 and 9 anastomosiDg

to form the areole.
a. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 from cell or

hardly stalked.
a'. Fore wing with the outer margin very

obliquely rounded and crenulate . . . . 3. OSSONOBA, p. 413.
b'. Fore wing with the outer margin slightly

curved.
a2. Fore wing with the outer margin

evenly curved or angled at vein 3.

a3. Fore wing with the areole short . . 1. COSMOPHILA, p. 408.
b3. Fore wing with the areole long . . 13. CAREA, p. 421.
b2. Fore wing with the outer margin

strongly hooked at vein 3. [p. 416.

a3. Palpi with the 3rd joint long .... 7. GONIOCBASPIDUM,
b'3. Palpi with the 3rd joint minute . . 6. OXYGONITIS, p. 415.
6. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 on a long stalk,
a'. Fore wing with the outer margin

evenly curved. [p. 420.

a2. Palpi obliquely porrect 12. TYMPANISTES,

b'2. Palpi upturned.

a3. Fore wing with vein 6 from above

angle of cell, the areole very long. 10. CAPOTENA, p. 419.
b3. Fore wing with vein 6 from or from
below angle of cell, the areole

short. _ [p. 420.

a4. Palpi with the 3rd joint minute. 11. PSEUDELYDNA,
64. Palpi with the 3rd joint wrell

developed 9. CHUEIA, p. 417.

b'. Fore wing with the outer margin angled

or irregular.
a2. Hind wing with a deep indentation in

outer margin between veins 1 and 2. 4. ARTHISMA, p. 413.
b2. Hind wing with the outer margin

evenly curved.
a3. Hind wing with the costa arched

at base ; the tibiae tufted 5. FALANA, p. 414.

b3. Hind wing with the costa evenly [p. 412.

curved ; the tibiae naked 2. PSEUDOGONITIS,

B. Fore wing with vein 10 anastomosing with

8 and 9 to form the areole.

a. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from cell, or

hardly stalked, 5 from above angle of [p. 427.

cell . . . 17. GELASTOCERA,

b. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 stalked, 5 from

angle of cell or shortly stalked with 3
and 4.

a'. Fore wing with the outer margin
slightly excised below apex, the areole

minute 18. BEARA, p. 427.

b'. Fore wing with the outer margin
deeply indented below apex, the areole
larger 14. PTYONOTA, p. 424.

408

C. Fore wing with no areole, veins 8, 9, 10

stalked.

a. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 stalked ; fore

wing with the outer margin very ir- [p. 425.

regular 15. TORTRICIFOKMA,

b. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from cell .... 16. TINOSOMA, p. 426. *

D. Fore wing with veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked . . 8. CLETHROPHORA,

[p. 416.

Genus COSMOPHILA.

Cosmophila, Boisd. Faun. Ent. Mad. p. 94 (1833).
Lineopalpa, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 290 (1852).
Gonitis, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 403.
Kusicada, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1006 (1857).
Thalatta, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 996 (1857).
Tiridata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii. p. 870 (1865).
Diremma, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 803.
Phalga, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 375.

Type, C. erosa, Hiibn.

Range. Nearctic and throughout the tropical and subtropical
zones.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd
long and slender ; a blunt frontal tuft ; antenna minutely ciliated
in male or pectinated ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ;
tibia? without spines. Fore wing with the apex produced and
acute; the outer margin angled or produced to a point in the
middle. Hind wing with vein 5 from below centre of discocellulars.

Larvae with the thoracic somites not swollen.

SECT. I. (Lineopalpa}. Fore wing long, with the outer
margin oblique.

A, Antennae of male ciliated.

2300. Cosmophila mesogona, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1002; Moore, Lep.
Ceyl. iii, pi. 153, fig. 8 ; C. $ S. no. 2244.

Head and fore wing greyish red-brown ; abdomen pale brown.
Fore wing varying from greyish red-brown to dark or bright red-
brown, striated with grey ; a short subbasal line ; an antemedial
grey and brown line bent outwards at median nervure, then almost
straight to inner margin ; two black specks at end of cell ; a post-
medial line angled below costa, then nearly straight to vein 4,
where it is recurved to below end of cell, then nearly straight to
inner margin ; an indistinct diffused submarginal dark shade angled
at centre ; a marginal rufous line. Hind wing pale brown.
Underside with the costa and outer areas of both wings striated
with red-brown.

Hub. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java. Exp. 42-44
millim.

COSMOPHILA. 409

2301 . Cosmophila sabulifera, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 404.

Gonitis involuta, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1003 : Moore. Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 153, fig. 7 ; C.Sf-S. no. 2241.
Gonitis basalis, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1004.

Gonitis propinqua, Butl. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 497.
Tiridata colligata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 870.

Differs from mesogona in the anternedial line of fore wing being
bent outwards between vein 1 and inner margin ; the postmedial
line incurved beyond the cell.

The form sabulifera has diffused black on the antemedial line of
fore wing and between the postmedial and submarginal lines ; a
small orbicular spot usually present, and two specks conjoined
into a reniform spot; in involuta the colouring is similar to
mesogona.

Hob. Throughout Africa ; Aden ; India, Ceylon, and Burma.
Exp. 32-38 millim.

2302. Cosmophila trilineata, Moore. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 21, pi. 6, fig. 1 ;

C. Sf S. no. 2246.

Differs from mesogona in being much redder. Fore wing with
straight oblique subbasal and antemedial pale lines ; a pale line on
discocellulars.

Hab. Bombay. Evp. 40 millim.

2303. Cosmophila fulvida, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 397 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

ii, pi. 155, figs. 3, 3 a (larva) ; C. fy S. no. 2240.
Gonitis metaxantha, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1005 ; C. fy S. no. 2245.
Gonitis guttanivis, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1003.
Gonitis combinans, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1001.
Gonitis commoda, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) i, 1878, p. 203.
Gonitis privata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 863.
Gonitis revocans, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1794.
Gonitis vulpina, Butl. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 408.
Gonitis xanthochroa, Butl. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 409.
Gonitis inducens, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1004.
Diremma simulatrix, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 864.
Gonitis albitibia, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1001 ; C. $ S. no. 2236.
Rusicada nigritarsis, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1006 j Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 155, figs. 2, 2 a, b, c, d (larva).

Head and thorax bright or dark
ferruginous red-brown ; abdomen
reddish fuscous ; fore tibia and
1st joint of tarsus white. Fore
wing bright or dark ferruginous or
yellowish red-brown ; a short sub-
basal line ; an antemedial line
oblique from costa to below cell,
then waved to inner margin ; the
a, rf. \. orbicular a white speck ; the reni-
form indistinct and orten reduced
to two spots or to one white or dark spot at lower angle of cell ; a

410 NOCTUIDjE.

postmedial line waved from costa to vein 4, then excurved to lower
angle of cell and waved to inner margin ; a waved submarginal
diffused line. Hind wing varies in colour from vinous red to dark
brown, sometimes pale at base.

The form metaxaniha is dark vinous red, with yellow patches
below base and end of cell of fore wing ; xantliochroa is a yellowish
form ; albitibia is dark red-brown or yellowish brown ; the hind
wing very dark.

Larva with 4 pairs of abdominal prolegs, a few short black hairs ;
colour black above, olive-yellow beneath ; a subdorsal series of short
transverse yellow streaks with a series of yellow specks above
them ; the stigmata black ; head and legs pale red. In the form
albitibia the larva is olive-green or grey, with dorsal and lateral
yellow or whitish longitudinal lines; each somite dotted with
black. Food-plant Waltheria indica.

Hob. Japan ; China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
Java ; Australia ; Solomons ; Fiji ; Samoa. Exp. 54 millim.

2304. Cosmophila lineosa, WIU. Cat. xxxiii, p. 862 ; C. $ S. no. 2243.

Differs from the form albitibia in the antemedial line of fore
wing being oblique from the costa to median nervure, where it is
bent outwards, then straight to inner margin.

Hab. Sikhim ; Nagas ; Nilgiris. Exp. 54 millim.

2305. Cosmophila horsfieldii, Gmn. Noct. ii, p. 291.

Briarda varians, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 06, pi. 6, fig. 12 ; C. $ S.
no. 2341.

Dark chocolate ; the abdomen fuscous. Fore wing with waved
subbasal and antemedial lines on pale bands ; the reniform with
pale edges and constricted at centre ; a postmedial slightly waved
line on a pale band excurved beyond cell ; a submarginal ochreous
baud suffused with white scales, sending a projection to the centre
of outer margin and with dark spots and a patch towards inner
margin. Hind wing purplish fuscous brown ; the cilia chocolate ;
underside irrorated with white, and with a crenulate postmedial
line.

In some specimens there is a large white patch on and beyond
the reniform, and a white streak on vein 1 from base to post-
medial line.

Hab. Sikhim ; Java. Exp. 44 millim.

*2306. Cosmophila sinnosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 375, pi. 37, fig. 7 ;
C. $ S. no. 2224.

Brownish ochreous. Fore wing with an indistinct waved ante-
medial line ; a treble postmedial line and single submarginal line ;
the reniform ochreous. Hind wing with marginal lunulate line
and some streaks above anal angle.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 34 millim.

COSMOPHILA. 411

B. (Cosmophila). Antennce of male ciliated and with bristles or bipec-
tinated, the branches short and with bristles from their ends.

2307. Cosmophila erosa, Hubn. Zutr. Samml. exot. Schmett. ii, 19,

tigs. 287, 288.

Cosmophila xanthiudyma, Boisd. Faun. Ent. Mad. 94, pi. 13,
fig. 7 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 155, tigs. 1. 1 a, b (larva) ;

Cosmophila indica, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 396.
Cosmophila auragoides, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 397.
Cirroedia variolosa, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 750.
Cirrcedia edentata, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 750.

J . Head and thorax orange-yellow, irrorated with brown ;
abdomen brown above. Fore wing fuscous, suffused with purple-
grey ; a large yellow patch irrorated with red occupying the whole
basal halt' of wing except the inner margin ; irregular ante- and
postmedial red lines meeting at inner margin, the latter produced
to an irregular angle beyond the lower angle of cell, then excurved
to its lower angle ; a white speck in cell ; a dentate submarginal
line, the area beyond it brown ; the cilia white at tips. Hind
wing dark fuscous ; the cilia white at tips. Underside of fore
wing with the costal and outer area pale, speckled with red; hind
wing pale, the costal area speckled with red.

$ . Bright orange-yellow ; fore wing slightly red-speckled and
with slight purplish suffusion below the postmedial line ; the cilia
wiiite at tips.

Larva. With three pairs of abdominal prolegs. Grass-green,
with dorsal and lateral series of minute white specks ; the prolegs
reddish. Food-plant Hibiscus.

Hab. United States ; W. Indies ; S. Africa ; Madagascar ;
Mauritius ; throughout the Oriental region ; Australia. Esjt.
38 millim.

SECT. II. (Thalatta}. Fore wing shorter, the outer margin less
oblique ; palpi with the 3rd joint very long.

2308. Cosmophila precedens, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 996; C.$ S. no. -2-i:>->.
Thalatta modesta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 22 ; id. Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 153, tigs. 5, 6 ; C.$ S. no. 2251.
Thalatta aibiorbis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 22 ; C. $ S. no. 2iMi>.

Purplish red-brown. Fore wing with oblique slightly sinuous
antemedial line ; an almost straight postmedial line with ochreous
outer edge ; a sinuous submarginal series of dark or grey specks ;
a prominent white spot at centre of cell, absent in the form modesta.
Hind wing dark fuscous.

Hab. Mouhnein ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 30 millim.

2309. Cosmophila fasciosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 154, pi. 5, fig. 2 ;

C. 8f IS. no. 2250.

Differs from precedens in being darker with a purple suffusion.

412 JfOCTTJID-E.

Pore wing with antemedial and medial obscure sinuous diffused
dark lines ; the postmedial line indistinct rufous and sinuous be-
yond the cell.

Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis ; Tenasserim. Exp. 30 millim.

Genus PSEUDOGONITIS, nov.

Type, P. brunnea, Moore.

Range. Calcutta ; Moulmein ; Singapore ; Borneo.
Differs from the Lineopalpa group of Cosmophila in the hind
wing having vein 5 from the lower end of cell, 3 and 4 stalked.

2310. Psendogonitis brunnea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 153; C. $ S.

no. 2237.

Gonhis diversalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 21 ; C. $ S. no. 2238 ;
Waterh. Aid, ii, pi. 150, tig. 2.

c? . Ochreous brown. Fore wing with obliquely waved ante-
medial line, the area beyond it clouded with fuscous ; a dark lunule
on discocellulars ; a dentate postmedial line, incurved below angle
of cell ; a submarginal series of dark spots. Hind wing fuscous
brown ; the cilia red-brown.

£ . Dark chestnut-red. Fore wing without fuscous suffusion ;
an ochreous spot instead of the dark lunule at end of cell. Hind
wing much darker ; a patch of red at centre of cilia.

Nab. Calcutta ; Singapore ; Borneo. Exp. 42 inillim.

2311. Pseudogonitis latimargo, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1002; C. $ S.

no. 2242.

5 . Differs from Cosmophila fulvida in the 3rd joint of palpi
being slightly longer ; head and thorax dark chocolate. Fore wing

Fig. 227. — Pseudogonitis latimargo, 5 . |.

dark chocolate, with the postmedial line crenulate and not recurved
to lower angle of cell ; the area beyond it suffused with grey to
the submarginal line, which is represented by a series of grey
specks. Underside : the outer area of both wings is suffused
with grey.

Hab. Moulmein. Exp. 44 millim.

OSSONOBA. — ARTHISMA. 413

Genus OSSOtfOBA.
Ossonoba, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1966 (1866).

Type, 0. torpida, Wlk.

Range. Sikhiin ; Burma.

Palpi nearly naked, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the
3rd long. Antennae of male bipectinated to the apex, the branches
short ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled, the latter very long
and with slight lateral and anal tufts. Tibia? hairy ; mid tarsi
with tuft on 2nd joint ; hind tarsi with tuft on 1st joint arid large
tuft on 2nd joint. Fore wing long and narrow ; the costa arched
towards apex ; the outer margin obliquely curved, with the cilia
crenulate ; the inner margin lobed near base.

2312. Ossonoha torpida, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1966; Eutl. III. Het. vi,
pi. 106, fig. 8 ; C. $ S. no. 2253.

cJ . Purplish red-brown. Fore wing with erect antemedial pale
line ; a minute white speck in cell ; traces of a medial angulated
line ; a pale postmedial line, very highly angled below costa, and
with some dark blotches beyond its lower half ; an indistinct apical

Fig. 228. — Ossonoba torpida, <$ . \.

streak ; the veins paler towards outer margin. Hind wing paler
and redder ; the underside purplish with the inner area pale ; a
white speck at end of cell ; diffused ante- and postraedial lines and
waved medial line.

$ . More purplish, and without the dark marks beyond post-
medial line.

Hab. Sikhirn ; E. Pegu. Evp. 40 millim.

Genus ARTHISMA.
Arthisma, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 20.

Type, A. scissuralis, Moore.

Ihfrit/e. Burma ; Singapore,

Palpi upturned and naked, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of
head, the 3rd long ; antenna) minutely ciliated in male ; thorax
and abdomen smoothly scaled ; tibia? naked. Fore wing with the
apex acute ; the outer margin angled at vein 4, then oblique and
crenulate to outer angle. Hind wing with a deep indentation of

414

the outer margin between veins 1 b and 2 ; veins 3 and 4 stalked,
5 from lower angle of cell.

2313. Arthisma scissuralis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 20 ; Waterh. Aid.
ii, pi. 150, fig. 3; C.&S. no. 2236.

Bright red or brownish ochreous. Fore wing with a yellow
anteniedial spot below the cell ; an indistinct speck in the cell and

Fig. 229. — Arthisma scissuralis, $ . \.

one at each angle ; an ill-defined postmedial series of yellow lunules
incurved below end of cell. Hind wing with traces of a medial
yellowish band.

Hal. Eangoon ; Bhamo ; Singapore. Exp. 40 millim.

Genus F ALAN A.
Falana, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 153 (1882).

Type, F. sordida, Moore.

Range. Sikhim ; Khasis ; Ceylon ; Burma.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd
long and naked ; antennae bipectinated in male, the branches short ;
metathorax with slight tufts ; abdomen with dorsal tuft on first
segment, keeled below, with pairs of flattened scale-like plates ;
femora with tufts of scales at base ; fore tibia? fringed with hair ;
mid and hind tibiaa with medial and distal tufts. Fore wing with
the apex acute ; the outer margin excised below apex, and produced
to a rounded lobe at centre and point at vein 2 ; a tuft of scales
forming a boss at base above inner margin ; the areole very small ;
vein 6 from some way below angle of cell. Hind wing with the
costa arched at base ; veins 3, 4 on a short stalk ; 5 from below
centre of discocellulars.

2314. Falana sordida, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 154; id. Lep. Ceyl iii,
pi. 155, fig. 4; C. 4- S. no. 2248.

Yinous red-brown ; the tuft on hind femora white. Fore wing
irrorated with black ; broad ill-defined subbasal and medial pur-
plish bands ; an indistinct antemedial dark line ; hyaline specks at
angles of cell ; an indistinct postmedial \vaved line excurved round
cell ; a black subapical spot ; the cilia chestnut. Hind wing dark
fuscous ; the cilia chestnut. Underside of fore wing with the

FALANA. — OXY.GONITIS.

415

costal and apical areas purplish, speckled with white ; the post-
medial line developed on costal area ; the subapical black spot
prominent : hind wing purplish, irrorated with white ; a pale and

Fig. 230.— Falana sordida, $ . \.

dark line from costa irregularly bent out to beyond cell and curved
to inner margin ; a whitish line on discocellulars ; a submarginal
line formed of black blotches.

Hab. Sikhim ; Khasis ; Ceylon ; Tenasserim. Exp. 36 millim.

Genus OXYGONITIS.

Oxygonitis, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 103 (1893).

Type, 0. sericeata, Hmpsn.

Range. Nagas ; Ceylon.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd
minute ; antennae minutely fasciculated in male ; thorax and
abdomen smoothly scaled. Fore wing produced and acute at apex ;
the outer margin excised to vein 4, where it is produced to a hook.
Hind wing with the anal angle truncate ; veins 3, 4 from cell in
male, slightly stalked in female ; 5 from below centre of disco-
cellulars.

2315. Oxygonitis sericeata, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 103, pi. 163,

tig. 1.

c? . Purplish fuscous. Fore wing with antemedial oblique line
waved below costa ; the orbicular round and white ; the reniform

Fig. 231. — Oxygonitis sericeata, $ . \.

very large and dark ; a postmedial brown line curved below costa,
then nearly straight to inner margin, with some diffused brown
beyond it ; a series of subinargiual white specks ; cilia whitish at

416 NOCTUID-E.

tips. Hind wing dark fuscous, with indistinct oblique medial pale
line. Underside grey.

$ . Pale yellowish brown, without purple or fuscous suffusion.

Hob. Nagas ; Ceylon. Exp. 40-46 millim.

Genus GONIOCRASPIDUM, nov.

Type, G. ennomoide, Hmpsn.

Range. N.W. Himalayas.

Differs from Oxygoniiis in the 3rd joint of the palpi being long ;
the antenna of male bipectinated. Pore wing with the hook of
outer margin at vein 3 ; the margin crenulate from the hook to
outer angle. Hind wing with veins 3, 4 from angle of cell ; 5
from above angle.

2316. Goniocraspidum ennomoide, n, sp.

Pale ochreous brown. Head and thorax chestnut. Fore wing
slightly irrorated with black ; an almost straight ochreous ante-
medial line; two dark specks at end of cell ; a postmedial line aDgled
below costa, then slightly curved to inner margin ; traces of a

Pig. 232. — Goniocraspidum ennomoide, $ . \.

diffused dark waved submarginal shade ; the cilia chestnut. Hind
wing suffused with fuscous ; traces of a dark medial line ; the cilia
chestnut. Underside with the hind wing and costal and outer
areas of fore wing grey, striated with black.

Hob. Murree ; Dharmsala (Harford). Exp. 42-46 millim.
Type in B. M.

Genus CLETHROPHORA, nov.

Type, C. distincta, Leech.

Range. Japan ; Sikhim.

Differs from Oxyyonitis in the 3rd joint of palpi being long ; the
ant3iina3 of male almost simple. Pore wing with the outer margin
hooked or angled at vein 4, then crenulate or excised to outer
angle ; the retinaculum bar-shaped in male ; veins 7, 8, 9, 10
stalked. Hind wing with veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle of cell.

2317. Clethrophora distincta, Leech, P.Z.S. 1889, p. 506, pi. 52,

LO; fis-7-

<5 . Head, thorax, and fore wing bright bluish or yellowish

CLETHKOPHORA. — CHURIA.

417

grass-green ; abdomen deep red. Fore wing with traces of an
antemedial curved dark line ; a speck at end of cell ; a curved pale
and dark line from costa just before apex to inner margin beyond

middle ; an indistinct dentate and angled submarginal line. Hind
wing deep red. Underside orange-red ; the costa of fore wing
and the hind wing irrorated with black.

2 with the abdomen and hind wing much yellower.

Hob. Japan ; Sikhim. Exp., <$ 44, $ 54 millim.

Genus CHURIA.
Churia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 359.

Type, G. nigrosigna, Moore.

Range. Himalayas ; Assam ranges ; Calcutta ; Western Ghats ;
Ceylon.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd
naked and variable in length. Antennae minutely ciliated in
male. Fore wing with the apex somewhat rounded. Hind wing
with vein 5 from lower angle of cell ; 3 and 4 on a short stalk, or
from cell.

SECT. I. Outer margin of both wings not excised below apex.

2318. Churia arcuata, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 779; C. $ S. no. 1803.

Anomis iconica, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 992 ; C. 8f S. no. 2239 ; Hrnpsn.

111. Het. ix, pi. 167, fig. 8.

Briarda cervina, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1968; C. & S. no. ^3010.
Anomis cervina, var. instabilis, ButL III. Het. vii, p. 72, pi. 131,

tig. 3.
Anomis figlina, ButL III. Het. vii, p. 71, pi. 131, fig. 2.

Fig. 234. — Churia arcuata, <$ . \.

Pale red, sometimes purplish. Fore wing with two indistinct
waved medial lines, bent outwards at median nervure ; two waved
post medial oblique lines reaching the inner margin near outer

VOL. II.

418

angle ; a subrnarginal sinuous series of dark specks. Hind wing
pale and semihyaline.

The form cervina is pale yellowish brown ; some specimens have
a prominent dark lunule at end .of cell of fore wing.

Hob. Sikhim; Khasis ; Khandala; Nilgiris ; Ceylon; Eangoon.
Exp., <S 30-34, $ 42 raillim.

2319. Churia ocellata, ButL III. Het. vii, p. 72, pi. 131, fig. 4.

Pale ochreous brown. Fore wing often irrorated with black ; a
more or less prominent ring-spot at end of cell ; traces of ante-
medial, postmedial, and subrnarginal waved lines.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Nagas. Exp. 34 millim.

2320. Churia maculata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 360 ; id. Lep. Ceyl

iii, pi. 150, fig. 7 ; C. $ S. no. 1870.

Differs from ocellata in having a black speck at end of cell of
fore wing, or sometimes ring-spots at middle and end of cell ; three
submarginal black specks, the two lower sometimes absent ; in one
specimen the black irroration is very strongly developed.

Hob. Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 28 millim.

*2321. Churia nigrisigna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 360, pi. 37, fig. 13 ;

C. $ S. no. 1871.
Churia ochracea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 360 ; C. $ S. no. 1872.

Differs from maculata in being uniform brownish ochreous ; fore
wing with a black spot at end of cell.

The form ochracea is yellower, without the black spot.
Hob. Calcutta. Exp. 26 millim.

2322. Churia lilacina, n. sp.

$ . Differs from arcuata in being grey, slightly suffused with
purplish ; the abdomen fuscous, with the anal tuft white. Hind
wing not semihyaline, but whitish, suffused with fuscous towards
outer margin.

Hob. Sikhim, 6000 feet (Moller). Exp. 34 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. Outer margin of each wing slightly excised below apex.

2323. Churia discisigna, n. sp.

c? . Reddish grey-brown. Tore wing with indistinct dentate
antemedial and postmedial black lines, the latter excurved round
cell ; a black speck in cell and white line on discocellulars ; indis-
tinct sinuous rufous medial and submarginal lines, the former
excurved round cell. Abdomen and hind wing dark fuscous.
Underside with ill-defined curved postmedial line.

Hob. iSikhim (Elwes), Exp. 42 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

CAPOTEtfA. 419

Genus CAPOTENA.

Capotena, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 714 (1857).
Brada, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1665 (1858).
Phanaca, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 856 (1865).

Type, C. apriformis, Wlk.

Range. Sikhim ; Canara ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon.

Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head, the 3rd joint minute.
Antennae very long and minutely ciliated. Fore wing long and
narrow, the apex rounded ; vein 6 given off from the areole, which
is long ; 7 from just before the end of it. Hind wing with the
apex rounded ; veins 3 and 4 stalked.

2324. Capotena truncata, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1666 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.
ii, pi. 122, figs. 2 a, b (larva) ; C. # S. no. 1119.

Head and thorax chestnut-brown. Fore wing chestnut, with
the costa pale ; a pale outwardly-oblique antemedial line ; a dark
speck at end of cell ; a slightly curved inwardly-oblique postmedial
line ; traces of a dark waved submarginal line ; abdomen and hind
wing dark olive-brown.

Nilgiri specimens have a greyer and more fuscous tone than the
Ceylon form.

Larva with the three thoracic somites swollen ; two dorsal
tubercles on llth somite. Colour red-brown, the anterior somites
olive-brown ; a pale-centred double lunulate black dorsal line ending

Fig. 235. — Capotena truncata, tf . {.

as a black band ; thoracic somites with black dorsal spots and
streaks ; pale centred double black lateral paired lines.

Cocoon pale red ; compact ; with a conical projection at end.

Hob. Sikhim ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 40 millim.

2325. Capotena apriformis, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 715.

Phanaca damnipennis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 857 ; C. $ S. no. 2188.

£ . Differs from truncata in the head and thorax being black-
brown. Fore wing suffused with silvery grey, the costa whitish ;
the ante- and postmedial lines waved.

The type is from Canara, not Java.

Hob. Canara; Ceylon. Exp. 32 rnillim.

2E2

420

Genus PSETJDELYDNA, nov.

Type, P. rufoflava, "Wlk.

Range. Himalayas ; Canara.

Palpi smooth and upturned, the 3rd joint minute; antennae
very long and fasciculated in male ; abdomen very long in male,
in which sex the hind tibiae and tarsi are clothed with long hair on
the outer side, the tibia without spurs and with a very long tuft of
hair on the inner side. Fore wing narrow, with the apex rounded ;
the outer margin oblique ; veins 8 and 9 anastomosing to form an
areole ; hind wing with the anal angle produced to a slight point
in male ; veins 3 and 4 stalked.

2326. Pseudelydna mfoflava, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 467 j C.$S. no. 1816.

cJ . Head and thorax bright yellow ; antennae fulvous ; abdo-
men fuscous, the anal tuft fulvous. Fore wing bright yellow ; a
faint subbasal curved line ; an oblique antemedial line ; a fulvous
ring-spot at end of cell ; a curved postmedial and waved sub-

Fig 236.— Pseudelydna rufoflava, tf.

marginal line, the area beyond the latter rufous. Hind wing red,
the inner area tinged with fuscous.

2 with the vertex of thorax fulvous ; the abdomen and hind
wing paler.

Hob. Almorah. Exp. 36 millim.

2327. Pseudelydna diurna, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 412, pi. 43, fig. 10.

Differs from rufoflava in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
pale brick-red ; the antemedial line more curved ; hind wing with
the inner area not fuscous.

Hob. Sikkiin ; IN". Canara. Exp. 36 milliin.

Genus TYMPANISTES.

Tympanistes, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 48.

Type, T. pallida, Moore.

Range. Dharmsala ; Sikhim.

Palpi porrect and smoothly scaled, the 3rd joint long ; antennae
of male almost simple. Fore wing produced and acute at apex ;
Tjeuration normal ; hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked, 5 from
just above lower angle of cell.

TYMPANISTES. CAREA. 421

Male with the retinaculum bar-shaped ; the basal segment of
the abdomen with paired sound -producing organs below, con-
sisting of hollow cavities inside each of which a spatulate process
strikes on a projecting ridge, a fan of long scales projecting
backwards from the surrounding membrane, the sound produced
being compared to that of a policeman's rattle ; the claspers when
exposed surrounded by dense masses of floss-silk.

2328. Tympanistes rubidorsalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 409; Butl.
III. Het. vii, p. 52, pi. 126, fig. 5.

c? . Head, thorax, and fore wing brownish ochreous ; the last
with a dark-ringed white spot at end of cell ; faint traces of an
irregularly waved postmedial line; a series of marginal specks.

Fig. 237. — Tympanistes rubidorsalis, <$ . {.

Hind wing semihyaline white ; the inner area suffused with
pinkish red. Abdomen bright red above.
Hab. Dharmsala. Exp. 52 millim.

2329. Tympanistes pallidus, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 49, pi. 6, fig. 1 ;

C. $ 8. no. 1716.

c? . Differs from rubidorsalis in the head, thorax, and fore wing
being of a yellowish tinge, the last with no spot at end of cell ; a
submarginal as well as the postmedial waved line traceable ; abdo-
men not so bright red ; bind wing without red on inner area.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 50 millim.

2330. Tympanistes testaceus, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 49, pi. 6, fig. 2;

C. # 8. no. 1717.

$ . Differs from pallida in the head, base, and costa of fore
wing being green ; the ground-colour of fore wing redder ; a black
spot at end of cell. Hind wing reddish yellow.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 44 millim.

Genus CAREA.

Carea, Wilt. Cat. x, p. 474 (1856).

Dabarita, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 478.

Rannja, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 121 (1882).

Type, C. varipes, Wlk.

422

Range. Throughout India, Burma, and Ceylon ; Andamans ;
Malacca ; Borneo ; Java.

Palpi upturned, reaching vertex of head. Antennae ciliated in
male. Mid tibia with a terminal pair of spurs ; hind tibia in
male very much shortened, with a minute terminal pair of spurs,
and with a tuft of long scales extending from its extremity along
the inner side of the first tarsal joint, which is much elongated and
swollen. Fore wing with the apex quadrate ; vein 6 from angle
of cell ; 8 and 9 anastomosing to form the areole, which is long.
Hind wing with the apex rounded ; veins 3 and 4 from angle of
cell.

SECT. I. (Dabarita). Fore wing with the outer margin
angled at vein 4.

2331. Carea Sllbtilis, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 479 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl ii,pl. 123,
figs. 3, 3 a ; Forsayeth, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, pi. 14, figs. 4, 4 6
(larva) ; C. $ S. no. 1118.

Head, thorax, and fore wing varying from pinkish flesh-colour
to red-brown. Fore wing with an outwardly oblique line from
the costa before the middle to inner margin beyond the middle ; a
curved double line from costa before apex to outer angle. Hind
wing white, with some pink on outer margin below the apex.
Abdomen whitish, the vertex more or less suffused with fuscous
and red-brown.

Fig. 238.— Carea subtilis, $ . {.

Iran jam specimens are very pale, with the markings of fore
wing almost obsolete.

Larva. Thoracic somites very much swollen and green ; the
other somites pale red-brown, with white, reddish, and brown
lateral lines ; a dorsal tubercle on terminal somite.

Hab. Throughout India and Ceylon; Andamans; Java. Exp.,
cJ 36, £ 40 millim.

2332. Carea chlorostigma, Hmpsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 101, pi. 159, fig. 12.

c? • Head, base of collar, femora, and tibiae variegated orange
and dark ferruginous. Thorax and fore wing greyish red- brown,
the latter with very indistinct waved antemedial, postmedial, and
submarginal lines ; a round dark green spot in middle of cell, an
elongate spot below it, and a lunulate spot on discocellulars ; a

CAREA. 423

purplish blotch on costa before the apex ; outer margin suffused
with chestnut below the apex. Abdomen and hind wing pale
reddish brown.

The Sikhim specimen has the green spots large.

Hob. Sikhim ; Ceylon. Exp. 34 millim.

SECT. II. (Carea). Fore wing with the outer margin
regularly curbed.

2333. Carea varipes, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 475 ; Moore, Lev. Ceyl. ii, pi. 123,

figs. 1,1 «; C.$S. no. 1121.

Chora curvifera, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 188.
Dabarita rhodophila, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 718.

Head, thorax, and fore wing pale or dark red-brown, or suffused
with olive-green. Pore wing with an indistinct curved oblique
antemedial line ; two dark specks in the end of cell ; a curved
double line from costa to outer angle ; traces of a dark or greyish
submarginal line. Hind wing reddish orange ; the inner margin
whitish or fuscous. Abdomen red-brown or fuscous.

Larva with the thoracic somites very much swollen ; an elon-
gated conical tubercle on llth somite. Colour purplish or
greenish olive-brown ; a purplish white band from 3rd to llth
somite ; head small and red.

Cocoon with a conical projection from the end, compact, and
oval.

ffab. Assam ; Ceylon ; Malacca ; Borneo ; Java. Exp., J 43,
$ 48 millim.

2334. Carea nitida, n. sp.

$ . Head and thorax dark brown ; abdomen paler, with a pink
tinge at sides. Fore wing dark red-brown suffused with purplish
grey, except the postrnedial area ; oblique, slightly curved, ante- and
postmedial dark lines ; an indistinct waved submarginal line.
Hind wing bright red, the inner area suffused with fuscous.
Underside of fore wing red ; hind wing ochreous, irrorated with
red.

Hob. Sikhim (Elwes). Exp. 40 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

2335. Carea purpurea, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, 59, pi. 141, figs. 4, 9.

Fore wing with the apex more acute. Head, thorax, and fore
wing dark purplish red-brown, the last with a line from the costa
before the middle to inner margin beyond the middle ; a dark
speck at end of cell ; a waved slightly oblique postmedial line ; a
series of submarginal specks. Hind wing pale yellow, suffused
with reddish orange towards outer margin. Abdomen reddish
fuscous.

Hob. Sikhim ; Nilgiris. Exp., <$ 32, $ 40 millim.

2336. Carea obsolescens, Moore. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1884, p. 356 : C. & S.

no. 1120.

424 IfOCTUIDJE.

(5 . Differs from purpurea in the head, thorax, and fore wing
being pale reddish chestnut ; the last without the dark speck at
end of cell ; cilia tipped with white. Abdomen and hind wing
ochreous, the latter with a reddish tinge towards outer margin.

The Bhutan specimen has 'an indistinct fascia from apex of
fore wing.

Hab. Bhutan; Mahableshwar ; Nilgiris; Ceylon. Exp. 43millim.

2337. Carea fasciata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 121, pi. iv, fig. 18 j C. $ S.

no. 1922.

c? . Head and collar chestnut ; thorax and abdomen reddish
fuscous. Pore wing red-brown, suffused with purplish grey ; the
basal area and a broad postmedial band deep green ; oblique ante-
and postmedial and dentate submarginal green lines. Hind wing
red, the inner area fuscous.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 40 millim.

2338. Carea costiplaga, Swinh. A. M. N. H. (6) xii, p. 262.

$ . Pale reddish grey. Pore wing with a small red-brown
antemedial spot on the costa ; a large subtriangular patch before
the apex ; indistinct ante- and postmedial oblique lines ; a black
speck at end of cell ; cilia red-brown. Hind wing reddish orange.
Underside reddish orange, with a whitish patch on costa of fore
wing before apex ; the inner area of hind wing pale.

Hab. Sibsagar. Exp. 36 millim.

2339. Carea fuscomarginata, n. sp.

(S . Bright chestnut-red. Fore wing with a dark speck at end
of cell ; antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal indistinct waved
lines. Hind wing red ; the inner area fuscous.

Hab. Mergui (Dolierty}. Exp. 30 millim. Type in coll. Druce.

2340. Carea albopurpurea, Swinh. MS.

Head and collar ferruginous ; thorax whitish ; abdomen whitish,
suffused with fuscous. Pore wing white, suffused with purple
except the apical area ; an obliquely waved rufous antemedial line
and similar double postmedial line filled in with white, and with a
large rufous patch inside it ; a submarginal series of rufous specks ;
cilia rufous from apex to vein 4. Hind wing white ; the inner
area fuscous.

Hab. Sikhim (Knyvett) ; Khasis {Hamilton). Exp. 32 millim.
Type in B. M.

Genus PTYONOTA, nov.

Type, P. formosa, Hmpsn.

Range. Tenasserim.

Palpi reaching vertex of head ; abdomen with a dorsal fan of
scales at base. Pore wing with the apex produced and acute, the
outer margin excised below it. Veins 8 and 9 anastomosing to

PTYO^OTA. TORTEICIFOEMA.

425

form the areole, which is long. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4
stalked.

2341. Ptyonota formosa, n. sp.

£ . Head rufous ; collar black-brown ; thorax grey ; an ochre-
ous and rufous patch on metathorax ; abdomen reddish brown,
with the basal tuft pure white. Eore wing grey, with a rufous
subbasal band ; a sinuous antemedial rufous and grey line, with a
large red patch inside it from median nervure to inner margin ; a

Fig. 239. — Ptyonota formosa,

black speck in cell, and lunule on orange spot at end of it ; the
postmedial area red, with an irregularly waved postmedial dark line
on it, and similar submarginal line. Hind wing pale, suffused with
red.

Hob. Tenasserim Valley (Doherty). Exp. 34 millim. Type in
coll. Druce.

G-enus TORTEJCIFORMA, nov.

Type, T. viridipuncta, Hmpsn.

Range. Sikhim.

Proboscis fully developed ; palpi upturned and smoothly scaled,
the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd long. Fore wing
with the costa arched at base and excised before the apex ; the
outer margin excised from the apex to vein 6, where it is produced
to an angle and again excurved between veins 4 and 2 ; veins 6
and 7 from cell ; 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4
stalked ; 5 from near lower angle of cell ; 6 and 7 from upper
angle ; the costa slightly excised.

2342. Tortriciforma viridipuncta, n. sp.

$ . Pale reddish. Fore wing
slightly irrorated with black scales ;
a large bright green spot on costa
near base, and a comma-shaped
spot from costa to upper angle of
cell; a black speck on discocellulars.
Hind wing orange-red ; underside
i with ferruginous spot at end of
cell, and two waved lines beyond it.
Hob. Sikhim (Knyvett). Exp. 28 millim. Type in coll. Knyvett.

Fig. 240.
Tortriciforma viridipuncta,

426 NOOTUIDJ.

Genus TINOSOMA, nov.

Type, T. Tiyperyihrum, Hmpsn.

Range. Nagas ; Burma ; Andamans ; Borneo.

Palpi upturned, reaching above vertex of head. Antennae very
long. Abdomen slender and very long. Fore wing long and
rather narrow ; the costa arched ; the inner margin curved ; veins
6 and 7 from angle of cell; 8, 9, 10 stalked; hind wing with veins
3 and 4 from cell.

SECT. I. Fore wing with the outer margin hardly excised between
the apex and vein 3. Antennae of male bipectinate.

2343. Tinosoma hyperythrum, n. sp.

d . Head, thorax, abdomen, and fore wing pale red-brown.
Fore wing with traces of waved ante- and postmedial lines ; a
dark dot in end of cell; indistinct submarginal and marginal

Fig. 241. — Tinosoma hyperythrum,

series of dark dots. Hind wing and underside bright red ; the
latter with the apex of fore wing pale.

Hob. Naga Hills, 2000 feet (Doherty) ; Andamans ; Borneo.

Exp. 28 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. Fore wing with the outer margin highly excised between
the apex and vein 3. Antennae of male simple.

2344. Tinosoma mirabile, Sunnh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 237.

cJ . Head and thorax pale reddish ; abdomen fuscous. Fore
wing pale reddish, slightly irrorated with brown ; waved ante- and
postmedial lines, the latter excurved beyond the cell ; a series of
black submarginal specks, some brown suffusion at outer angle.
Hind wing pale brownish red ; underside pale, with indistinct
cell-spot and two black subapical spots.

Hob. Rangoon. Exp. 20 millim.

SECT. III. Fore wing with the outer margin slightly excised
between the apex and vein 3, from thence to outer angle ob-
lique and creuulate. Antennae of male simple.

2345. Tinosoma Mlinea, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 237.

3 . Pale reddish brown. Fore wing suffused with purplish and

TINOSOMA. — BEABA. 427

slightly irrorated with black scales ; a curved subbasal line, slightly
sinuous antemedial, medial, and postmedial lines, the ante- and
postmedial with pale inner edge ; a black spot on discocellulars
and submarginal series of black specks ; a large chestnut medial
patch on the costa, and smaller patch on apical part of outer
margin. Hind wing orange-red, with a submarginal series of
black specks. Underside of fore wing with the disk orange-red j
hind wing pale ; the costal area irrorated with red-brown ; a cell-
spot ; the submarginal black specks prominent.

Hab. Kangoon ; E. Pegu ; Tenasserim. Exp. 26 millim.

Genus GELASTOCERA.

Gelastocera, Butl. Ann. N. H. (4) xx, p. 476 (1877).

Type, O. exusta, Butl., from Japan.

Mange. Japan; Sikhim.

Palpi upturned, reaching above vertex of head, the 3rd joint
short. Antennae bipectinated for two-thirds length in male. Pore
wing with the apex rather produced and acute ; vein 8 anasto-
mosing with 9 and 10 to form the areole. Hind wing with veins
3 and 4 from cell.

2346. Gelastocera castanea, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 71, pi. 3, fig. 9;
C. $ S. no. 1211.

Head, thorax, and fore wing red-brown ; the last with very in-
distinct dusky ante- and postmedial bands ; an indistinct fuscous
reniform spot ; indistinct submarginal and marginal series of dark

Fig. 242. — Gelastocera castanea, cJ. \.

specks. Hind wing white, the apical portion of outer margin with
a slight pink tinge. Abdomen fuscous white.
Hal. Sikhim. Exp., rf 32, $ 40 millim.

Genus BEAR A.
Beara, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1703 (1866).

Type, B. dichromella, Wlk.

Range. Bombay ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Tenasserim ; Java.

Palpi upturned, reaching above vertex of head, the 3rd joint
rather long. Antennas minutely ciliated in male. Fore wing with
the costa arched, the apex acute, the outer margin excurved ; vein
8 anastomosing with 9 and 10 to form the areole, which is very
minute. Hind wing with veins 3 and 4 stalked.

428

2347. Beara dichromella, Wlk. Cat xxxv, p. 1703 ; Moore, Len.
Ceyl. ii, pi. 123, figs. 2, 2 a ; C. $ 8. no. 1212.

c? . Head, thorax, and fore
wing red-brown, irrorated with
fuscous scales ; traces of ante-
medial, postmedial, and sub-
marginal waved lines ; a dark
speck in cell and spot at end of
it ; a dark marginal line. Ab-
domen and hind wing whitish,
the latter suffused with reddish
at apex.
Bombay ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Tenasserim. Exp. 24 millim.

Subfamily QUADRIFIN^E.

Palpi with the 2nd joint more or less thickened ; the scaling
rather hairy ; the tibiae very frequently spined, and the tarsal joints
short. Fore wing with veins 8 and 9 almost always anastomosing
to form an areole. Hind wing with vein 5 fully developed and
from or from near lower angle of cell.

Fig. 244. — Larva of Tinolius eburneigutta. {.

Larvce. Semi-loopers, with either the four pairs of abdominal
prolegs fully developed or with the first or first two pairs partially
or totally aborted.

Key to the Genera.

A. Proboscis short and weak j the cilia of fore

wing strongly toothed 1. CETOLA, p. 434.

B. Proboscis fully developed.

a. Eyes hairy.

a'. Abdomen without dorsal tufts 2. MOMA, p. 435.

b'. Abdomen with dorsal tufts 3. TRISULOIDES, p. 436.

b. Eyes naked.

«'. Hind wing with the cell very short.
a2. Mid tibiae spined.

a3. Wings with the cilia crenulate .... 13. ANISONEURA, p. 455.
b3. Wings with the cilia non-crenulate . 17. AGONISTA, p. 403.

QUADBIFIN^B. 429

b2. Mid and hind tibiae spined 15. NYCTIPAO, p. 458.

e2. Tibiae not spined.
a3. Fore wing with the apex not falcate.

a4. Fore wing with the cilia crenulate . 14. SPIREDONIA, p. 457.
b*. Fore wing with the cilia non-erenu-

late 81. CALESIA, p. 579.

I3. Fore wing with the apex more or

less falcate.
a4. Hind wing with the outer margin

more or less angled 16. HYLODES, p. 462.

b*. Hind wing with the outer margin

rounded 55. ISCHYJA, p. 537.

c4. Hind wing with the outer margin

nearly straight 56. PLATYJA, p. 539.

b1 '. Hind wing with the cell of normal

length.

a2. Abdomen with large anal tuft ; the
wings produced at apex ; hind wing
with the outer margin straight ; the

anal angle lobed 57. IONTHA, p. 541.

b2. Hind wing ample, the apex produced,
a large tuft of hair on inner margin ;
hind legs with immensely developed

tufts of hair 58. CRITHOTE, p. 541.

c2. Shape sphingiform ; the abdomen long.

Fore wing long and produced at [p. 490.

apex 32. SPHINGOMORPHA,

d~. Fore wing with the costa highly arched,
the apex produced, the outer and inner

margins forming a continuous curve . 72. PHYLLODES, p. 557.
e2. Fore wing with the apex produced
upwards to a slight lobe and cut off
square to centre of outer margin,

which is much angled 67. LYCIMNA, p. 550.

y2. Shape and appearance normal.
a3. Abdomen uniformly clothed with
long woolly hair ; males with a

chitinous rasp on dorsum 28. ARCTE, p. 485.

b3. Abdomen with prominent dorsal tufts.
a4. Fore wing with a tooth of scales at

outer angle.
a5. Thorax with a large spreading tuft

on vertex.
a°. Fore wing without raised tufts of

scales 77. PLUSIA, p. 567.

b6. Fore wing with raised tufts of

scales 78. ABEOSTOLA, p. 577.

b5. Thorax without a large spreading

tuft on vertex.

a7. Fore wing with the cilia crenu-
late 8. ERYGIA, p. 444.

b7. Fore wing with the cilia non-

crenulate.

a8. Fore wing with the apex rect-
angular 27. MOSARA, p. 485.

68. Fore wing with the apex

rounded 7. BATRACHARTA,P. 443.

430 NOCTUID^E.

64. Fore wing with no tooth of scales

at outer angle.
a5. Thorax quadrately scaled, the

metathorax tufted 9. SYPNA, p. 446.

b5. Thorax not quadrately scaled.

a6. Mid tibiae spined 19. HOMOPTERA, p. 474.

b6. Mid tibise not spined.
a7. Palpi clothed with hair, the 2nd

joint not flattened.

a8. Thorax with a high sharp crest. 31. COARICA, p. 489.
b*. Thorax without a high crest.
a9. Metathorax tufted.

a10. Palpi upturned 30. MITHILA, p. 488.

b10. Palpi obliquely porrect .... 20. PANILLA, p. 476.
69. Metathorax not tufted.
a10. Fore wing with the costa

arched towards apex.
a11. Fore wing with vein 10

given off from the areole . 18. POLYDESMA, p. 465.
611. Fore wing with vein 10

given off after the areole . 80. TINOLIUS, p. 578.
b10. Fore wing with the costa
nearly straight ; abdomen
with strong ridges and tufts

of hair , 26. CATEPHIA, p. 481.

b7. Palpi smoothly scaled, the 2nd
joint wide and flattened, the

3rd long 59. HARMATELIA, p. 542.

c3. Abdomen without prominent dorsal

tufts.

a4. Mid tibiae without spines.
a5. Fore wing with the outer margin

not angled.

a6. Fore wing with the costa mode-
rately arched.
a7. Mid and hind tibiae with tufts

of spinous hair 21. MELIPOTIS, p. 477.

b7. Mid and hind tibiae without tufts

of spinous hair.

a8. Palpi with the 3rd joint up-
turned, no frontal tuft.
a9. Palpi with the 2nd joint

clothed with hair.
a10. Fore wing broad.

ou. The scaling hairy and rough. 4. TRISULA, p. 437.
b11. The scaling smooth.
a12. Fore wing with the apex
acute and slightly pro-
duced 45. BANIANA, p. 513.

b12. Fore wing with the apex

rectangular.

a13. Hind wing with vein 5
from above lower angle

of cell 47. PLECOPTERA, p. 518.

bls. Hind wing with vein 5

from lower angle of cell. 46. BORSIPPA, p. 516.
b10. Fore wing narrow.

431

a11. Fore wing with the apex

rectangular 23. LYNCESTIS, p. 479.

b11. Fore wing with the apex

rounded 6. PHORICA, p. 443.

69. Palpi with the 2nd joint

smoothly scaled.

a10. Palpi with the 2nd joint not
reaching above vertex of
head.
a11. Abdomen with strong ridges

of coarse hair 29. CYCLODES, p. 487,

b11. Abdomen without strong

ridges of coarse hair.
a12. Fore wing increasing in
width to outer margin;
the abdomen rounded.
a13. Palpi with the 2nd joint
reaching vertex of head,
the 3rd long.
a14. Fore wing with the apex

rounded 35. CHRYSOPERA, p. 493.

i14. Fore wing with the apex

rectangular 61. FODINA, p. 529.

b13. Palpi with the 2nd joint

not reaching vertex of

head, the 3rd short.

#14. Fore wing with the

inner margin not lobed

at base and without

tuft of hair at outer

angle 34. BRANA, p. 492.

i14. Fore wing with the
inner margin lobed at
base and with tuft of

hair at outer angle . . 75. PSEUDOCALPE, p. 566.
b12. Fore wing of nearly even
width throughout ; the
abdomen flattened .... 38. ISOURA, p. 506.
b10. Palpi with the 2nd joint
reaching above vertex of
head, the 3rd long.
a11. Fore wing with the apex

falcate 44. SYMPIS, p. 512.

b11. Fore wing with the apex

rounded 69. OMMATOPHORA,

b*. Palpi with the 3rd joint up- [p. 551.

turned, a short sharp frontal

tuft 43. DELGAMMA, p. 512.

c8. Palpi with the 3rd joint ob-
liquely porrect.

an. Fronswith a short sharp tuft;
fore wing with the cilia
non-crenulate.
a10. Fore wing with the apex

slightly produced 54. THERMESIA, p. 533.

b10. Fore wing- with the apex
not produced.

432 FOCTTIIDJE.

a11. Fore wing broad ; hind
wing witli the anal angle

truncate 40. ANEREUTHINA;P. 509.

b11. Fore wing narrower ; hind
wing with the atal angle

rounded 42. DORDURA, p. 511.

Is. Frons rounded ; the cilia crenu-

late 41. SERRODES, p. 510.

r/s. Palpi with the 2nd joint tri-
angularly scaled, the third very

minute 48. ACANTHOLIPES,

cs. Palpi porrect and triangularly [p. 520.

scaled ; a short sharp frontal tuft.
on. Fore wing with the inner mar-
gin not lobed near base nor

hooked at outer angle 11. HYPOCALA, p. 452.

i9. Fore wing with the inner

margin lobed near base and

hooked at outer angle.

«10. Fore wing with veins 8 and

9 anastomosing to form an

areole 74. CALPE, p. 563.

#10. Fore wing with veins 7, 8,

9, 10 stalked 76. ARSACIA, p. 567.

£6. Fore wing with the costa straight ;
the outer margin obliquely
rounded.

a1. Fore wing with the apex rect-
angular 63. BEMATHA, p. 546.

b7. Fore wing with the apex acute ;

hind tibiee of male distorted . . 22. GNAMPTOGYIA, p. 478.
c6. Fore wing with the costa very
highly arched towards apex,
which is more or less falcate.
a7. Fore wing with no lobe or tuft

of hair on inner margin.
a8. Palpi with the 3rd joint of
moderate length ; fore wing
with the cilia crenulate.
a9. Fore wing narrow and pro-
duced at apex 64. OXYODES, p. 546.

&9. Fore wing broad and short . . 71. MINIODES, p. 556.
6H. Palpi with the 3rd joint minute ;

the cilia non-crenulate.
«9. Palpi upturned; no frontal

tuft . , 65. HAMODES, p. 547.

fe9. Palpi with the 3rd joint por-
rect; a short sharp frontal
tuft ; fore wing with the apex

extremely acute 66. PLEURONA, p. 549.

b7. Fore wing with the inner margin
lobed near base and with a tuft

of hair at outer angle 73. OPHIDERES, p. 558.

b5. Fore wing with the outer margin

more or less angled.
a6. Fore wing with the cilia non-
crenulate.

433

a7. Fore wing with the apox not
produced ; the outer margin of
both wings slightly angled.
a*. Fore wing with the inner mar-
gin excised and with tufts of

hair at centre and outer angle. 79. PLUSIODONTA, p. 577.
I8. Fore wing with the inner mar-
gin not excised and without
tufts of hair.

#9. Palpi with the 3rd joint short. 60. EPISPARIS, p. 543.
6°. Palpi with the 3rd joint longer. 61. CLATERNA, p. 544.
b~. Fore wing with the apex pro-
duced ; the outer margin of "both

wings highly angled 62. AMPHIGONIA, p. 545.

b6. Fore wing with the cilia highly

crenulate „ 33. LACERA, p. 491.

b*. Mid tibiae spined.
a\ Palpi with the 3rd joint upturned;

no frontal tuft.

«6. Palpi with the 2nd joint hardly
reaching vertex of head and
clothed with hair.
a7. Fore tibiae with a pair of crooked

terminal spines 24. GNAMPTONYX, p. 480.

b7. Fore tibiae without crooked

terminal spines.
a8. Hind tibiae spined.
a9. The cilia non-crenulate.
«10. Fore wing with the apex
and outer margin somewhat

rounded 25. PSEUDOPHIA, p. 480.

bw. Fore wing with the apex
somewhat produced ; the
outer margin oblique .... 50. TRIGONODES, p. 527.

b9. The cilia crenulate 10. ERCHEIA, p. 451.

b*. Hind tibiae not spined.

«9. The cilia crenulate 5. CATOCALA, p. 439.

69. The cilia uon-crenulate.
a10. Palpi with the 2nd joint

fringed with long hair. . . . 68. HOMCEA, p. 551.
ft10. Palpi with the 2nd joint

clothed with short hair.

a11. Fore wing somewhat falcate. 53. ENTOMOGRAMM A,
b". Fore wing not falcate. [p. 532.
a12. Fore wing with the outer
margin somewhat ob-
lique 49. REMIGIA, p. 525.

612. Fore wing with the outer

margin more erect .... 52. GRAMMODES, p. 531.
be. Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching
just above vertex of head and
smoothly scaled.
a7. Fore wing with the costa evenly

arched.
«8. Hind wing writh the anal angle

truncate ; the tibiae hairy . . . . 36. OPHIUSA, p. 493.

YOL. II. 2 F

434 NOCTUID^J.

b9. Hind wing with the anal angle
rounded; the tibiae usually

naked 70. SPIRAMA, p. 552.

b7. Fore wing narrower ; the costa

arched near base, then straight. 37. LAGOPTERA, p. 505.
b\ Palpi with the 3rd joint obliquely

porrect.

a6. Frons with a short sharp tuft ;
fore wing with the apex not

falcate 39. HYPJETBA, p. 507.

b6. Frons rounded ; fore wing with
the apex falcate ; cilia of both
wings highly crenulate ; hind

wing with the outer margin [p. 454.

produced to a point at vein 4 . . 12. PTEROCYCLOPHORA,

Genus CETOLA.
Cetola, Wlk. Cat v, p. 1015 (1855).

Type, C. dentata, Wlk.

Range. Nepal ; Indore.

Eyes naked and without lashes ; proboscis thin and weak. Palpi
hairy, upturned, and reaching just above vertex of head. Antennae
serrated in both sexes ; thorax with a large spreading tuft of scales ;
abdomen with dorsal tufts on proximal segments ; legs hairy,
without spines. Fore wing with the cilia crenulate and strongly
toothed towards outer angle. Hind wing with vein 5 given off
from below centre of discocellulars.

2348. Cetola dentata, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1016; C. % S. no. 1166.

Ramesa ligniferata, Wlk. Cat. xxxii, p. 415 ; C. & S. no. 1526.

Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown ; collar and thoracic tuft
grey-brown. Fore wing reddish buff, with a broad grey-brown
fascia on costa, narrowing to apex ; the orbicular indistinct, large,
and rounded with dark outline ; reniform with the upper part
indistinct, the lower white and extending downwards almost to

Fig. 245.

vein 2 ; some red-brown streaks towards apex, at middle of outer
margin, and on inner margin. Hind wing white in male, with the
anal angle red-brown ; in female dark fuscous, with red-brown
marginal band.

Nab. Nepal ; Mhow. Exp.> d 35. $ 46 millim.

MOMA. 435

Genus MOMA.
Moma, Hilbn, Verz. p. 203 (1818).

Type, M. ludifica, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Europe ; India ; Ceylon.

Eyes hairy ; proboscis fully developed ; palpi obliquely upturned
and clothed with long hair below, the 3rd joint short. Thorax
and abdomen without tufts, the latter clothed with long hair at
sides.

Larva forms a cocoon in a rolled-up leaf.

SECT. I. Antennae of male simple.

2349. Moma champa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 403, pi. 33, fig. 2 ; C. $ S.

no. 1213.

c? . Head and thorax white ; the 3rd joint of palpi, a spot
between antennae, and the antennae, except basal part of shaft,
black ; thorax banded and spotted with black ; abdomen yellow,

the extremity white, a dorsal series
of black spots and ventral series
of bands. Fore wing white, with
some black marks near base ; about
7 prominent but ill-defined waved
and dentate black lines ; a ring-
spot at end of cell. Hind wing
| £;£f white, the inner area clothed with

tjjjl yellow hair ; the veins black ; the

•p- 246 aPex slightly suffused with fuscous ;

Moma champa, rf . {. cilia of both wings chequered black

and white.

$ with the outer area of hind wing suffused with black.
Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Punjab ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp^
c? 44, $ 56 millim.

SECT. II. Antennae of male minutely fasciculated.

2350. Moma entoxantha, n. sp.

c? . Head and thorax fuscous black and whitish ; abdomen orange,
with dark dorsal tufts. Fore wing fuscous brown, irro rated with
white and suffused with olive-green and purple shades ; double
ante- and postmedial lines, the last whitish at costa and inner
margin ; an orbicular black ring-spot and lunulate reniform ;
indistinct irregularly sinuous medial and submarginal lines ; a
whitish patch at outer angle. Hind wing black, the basal and
inner areas orange ; cilia chequered black and white. Underside
of fore wing black, with the basal area orange ; a short whitish
postmedial band from costa and series of white streaks on the
veins to the patch at outer angle ; hind wing with the basal and
inner areas orange ; the apical and outer areas blue-black, with a

436 IS'OCTUIDJE.

medial white band from costa to lower angle of cell ; a postmedial
band to vein 2 and some diffused white on outer margin.

Hob. Simla ; Sikhirn (Holler}. Exp. 42 millim. Type in coll.
Elwes.

Genus TBISULOIDES.

Trisuloides, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) vii, p. 36 (1881).
Tambana, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 155 (1882).

Type, T. sericea, Butl.

liange. Himalayas ; Assam hills ; Sylhet.

Eyes hairy ; palpi reaching vertex of head and clothed with
hair ; thorax hairy ; abdomen with dorsal tufts ; tibiae moderately
hairy. Fore wing with the apex somewhat rounded. Hind wing
with vein 5 from below centre of discocellulars.

SECT. I. (Tambana). Antennae fasciculated in male.

2351. Trisuloides infausta, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 237 ; C. fy S. no. 2075.

Dark cupreous-fuscous, suffused with grey. Fore wing with
indistinct short subbasal and double waved anternedial line, with a
slight dentition below the cell ; the orbicular small and sometimes
whitish ; the reniform indistinct ; an indistinct double waved post-
medial line excurved beyond cell ; an irregular submarginal line ;
a marginal series of black specks. Hind wing pale cupreous, more
or less suffused with fuscous towards outer margin.

The race from the N.W. Himalayas is much blacker and less
cupreous.

Hob. N.W.Himalayas; Sikhim ; Sylhet; Shillong. ^.ty.,c?46,
£ 50 millim.

2352. Trisuloides variegata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 155 : C. $ S. no. 2260.

Head, thorax, and abdomen golden-fulvous, irrorated with brown
and white. Fore wing cupreous-brown, irrorated with white ;
indistinct subbasal and double ante- and postmedial waved lines, the
latter excurved beyond cell ; an indistinct irregular dark sub-
marginal line, with some white streaks beyond it. Hind wing
golden-fulvous, the outer area suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 60 milliin.

SECT. II. (Trisuloides). Male with the antennae bipectinated,
the branches short.

2353. Trisuloides sericea, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) vii, p. 36 j C. fy S.

no. 1082.
Trisuloides catocalina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 17 ; C.$ & no. 1081.

Fuscous brown, irrorated and suffused with grey; tegulae with
two black bars. Fore wing with antemedial waved black line ;

TEISULOIDES. — TEISULA. 437

a ring-spot in end of cell ; a sinuous medial diffused line ; an in-
distinct waved postuiedial and a sinuous submarginal line, the space
between them irrorated with grey scales. Hind wing fuscous, with

Fig. 247. — Trisuloides sericea, $ . \.

broad medial yellow band not reaching costa or inner margin ; a
slight marginal grey line and patch at anal angle. Underside of
fore wing with yellow in cell and beyond the medial dark band.
Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Shillong. Exp. 64 millim.

2354. Trisuloides luteifascia, Swinh. MS.

2 • Blackish red-brown, irrorated with grey ; abdomen fulvous
at sides. Fore wing with indistinct curved postmedial pale line.
Hind wing with broad medial orange band ending near anal angle ;
a marginal series of pale lunules. Underside of fore wing with
the disk orange, except a dark patch at end of cell. Hind wing
with an orange patch near anal angle.

Hob. Khasis. Exp. 75 millim. Type in B. M.

2355. Trisuloides cserulea, Butl III. Het. vii, p. 35, pi. 128, fig. 3.

Differs from sericea in the thorax being more rufous ; the abdo-
men darker. Fore wing with whitish patch on disk extending to
costa and outer angle. Hind wing uniform blue-black ; the cilia
whitish in parts. Underside of fore wing with the yellow post-
medial band extending to outer angle ; hind wing irrorated with
white.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 70 millim.

Genus TRISULA.
Trisula, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 420 (1858).

Type, T. variegata, Moore.

Range. Throughout India and Ceylon.

Palpi reaching vertex of head, the 2nd joint clothed with long
hair ; antennae fasciculated in male ; metathorax with a slight tuft ;
abdomen with thick woolly hair on dorsum of proximal segments ;

438

tibia? hairy and without spines. Fore wing with the cost a some-
what arched towards apex.

SECT. I. Palpi with- the 3rd joint minute.

2356. Trisnla variegata, Moore, Lep. E. I. Co. p. 420. pi. 12 a, fig. 1,
& pi. 22, figs. 1, 1 a, 1 b (larva) j C. $ S. no. 1331.

Palpi and frons rufous ; vertex of head and collar pale ; thorax
rufous, the metathoracie tuft black; abdomen pale, with the long
hair on proximal segments rufous. Fore wing pale, variegated
with rufous and fuscous ; indistinct double waved subbasal and
anteraedial lines ; the reniform indistinct ; a double dentate post-
medial line, highly excurved beyond cell, then incurved below it.
and with some rufous patches beyond it ; an oblique black band
across apical area ; a marginal series of dark specks. Hind wing

Fig. 248.— Trisula variegata, <J. }.

yellowish white, with a large blackish spot at end of cell ; a curved
postmedial band with traces of a line inside it towards inner
margin; the area beyond it more or less suffused with fuscous;
the cilia rufous.

Larva clothed with rather sparse tufts of long hair. Head
blackish, the frons pale ; thoracic segments pale, the others red-
brown, with numerous blue warts. Food-plant, Ficus reliyiosa.
It forms a cocoon covered with extraneous matter, stones, excre-
ment, etc.

Hob. Throughout India and Ceylon. Exp., J 78, £ 80-104
millim.

SECT. II. Palpi slender, with the 3rd joint longer.

2357. Trisula ? boarmoides, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 923 ; C. $ S.
no. 2360.

$ . Grey-brown. Fore wing with double antemedial and post-
medial sinuous black lines, the latter joined by an oblique streak
from the apex; traces of waved subbasal, medial, and submarginal

CATOCALA. 439

lines ; a marginal series of dark striae. Hind wing with the basal
half pale, the outer fuscous brown, with marginal series of dark
striae.

Type in bad condition.

Hab. "N. India." Exp. 30 millim.

Genus CATOCALA.
Catocala, Schrank, Fauna fioica, ii, 2, p. 158 (1802).

Type, C.fraxini, Linn., from Europe.

Range. Nearctic and Palaearctic regions ; Himalayas ; Nilgiris ;
Ceylon.

Palpi reaching just above vertex of head, the 2nd joint thickly
scaled ; antennae of male fasciculated ; thorax smoothly scaled ;
abdomen with dorsal ridges of coarse hair on proximal segments,
which are sometimes developed into tufts ; fore tibiae more or less
hairy; hind tibiae spined. Fore wing with the apex nearly
rectangular; the cilia crenulate. Hind wing with the cilia
crenulate ; vein 5 from below centre of discocellulars.

Larvce with four pairs of abdominal prolegs.

SECT. I. Hind wing yellow.
A. Mid tibiae of male with a tuft of long hair from the base.

2358. Catocala rama, Moore. Lev. Ceyl. in, p. 128, pi. 160, fig. 6;

C. % S. no. 2282.
Audea macula, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 84, pi. 146, tig. 21.

Head and collar reddish ; thorax and abdomen grey. Fore
wing grey, irrorated with black ; a short subbasal line ; an oblique
antemedial waved black line; the reniform spot indistinct and
pale, with a fuscous patch on the costa above it ; the postmedial
line extremely irregularly dentate and highly angled beyond the
cell. Hind wing yellow, with a curved medial black band not
reaching costa or inner margin ; the outer area black, with
irregular inner edge, and pale patches at apex and anal angle.
Underside with a medial dark band, and the outer area of both
wings dark.

In the form macula, from the Nilgiris, the abdomen is yellow,
and the black medial band of hind wing is reduced to a spot.

Hab. Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 72 millim.

B. Tibiae of male without tufts.

2359. Catocala patala, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 112, fig. 23; a $ S.

no. 2279.
Catocala inconstans, Butl 111. Het. vii, p. 76, pi. 132, figs. 2, 3.

440

Differs from rama in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
darker grey, more variegated with fuscous and brown. Tore
wing with the antemedial line angled inwards at vein 1 ; a large
black-edged spot below the reniform ; the postmedial line deep
black, with two prominent dentitions beyond the cell and one
directed inwards above inner margin ; a marginal series of black
and pale specks. Hind wing orange-yellow, with the inner area

Fig. 249.— Catocala patala, tf . f.

brown ; the medial black band expanding at costa and on disk ;
the outer band with sinuous inner edge. Underside of fore wing
with white beyond the medial band ; hind wing with small spot
at end of cell.

Welder's figure makes the inner margin of the hind wing
yellow.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 70-80 millim.

2360. Catocala flavescens, n. sp.

Differs from rama in being yellower grey. Fore wing with
the postmedial line not so highly angled beyond the cell ; a crenu-
late marginal line and series of ochreous spots. Hind wing deeper
yellow, with the medial band broader on disk ; the patches on
marginal band at apex and towards anal angle yellow and large.

Hob. Simla (Harford). Eccp. 62 millim. Type in B. M.

2361. Catocala nymphaea, Esp.- Schmett. JEur. pi. 105, fig. 4.
Catocala vestalis, Boisd. Ind. Meth. p. 168.

Catocala conjux, Freyer, Beftr. Schmett. vi, p. 137, pi. 569, fig. 2.
Catocala dotata, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1212 ; C. $ 8. no. 2277.
Catocala persimilis, Warren, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 314; C. $ S.

no. 2279 a.
Catocala tapestrina, Moore, Lep. Atk.}>. 166, pi. v, fig. 13; C.fyS.

no. 2284.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark red-brown. Fore wing dark
red-brown, variegated with brown, grey, fuscous, and ochreous ; a

CATOCALA. 441

pale patch in cell beyond the reniforra, which has a black outline
and a black-edged pale patch below it ; the postmedial line highly-
angled and dentate, with a deep narrow sinus above inner margin ;
a marginal series of black an:l ochreous specks ; an indistinct
dentate submarginal line. Hind wing with the bands as in
flavescens, but blacker. Underside with the medial and outer
bands black.

The form tapestrina, from Simla and Sikhim, is larger and more
richly coloured. Fore wing with some greenish grey round the
reniform, and the spot below it small. Hind wing deeper orange
and black.

Hub. N. America ; Europe ; N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exn
54-70 millim.

2362. Catocala distorta, Butl. ILL Het. vii, p. 77, pi. 132, fig. 4.

Differs from nymplicea in the thorax and fore wing being duller
and more uniform fuscous brown; the latter not variegated and
without the patches in and below cell ; the postmedial line not
dentate, but with a deep sinus from it to below end of cell and
slight angle above inner margin. Hind wing with the medial
band narrower on disk.

Hob. Kulu. Exp. 52 millim.

SECT. II. Hind wing crimson.

2363. Catocala prolifica, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1211 j Butl 111. Het. vi,

pi. 110, tig. 9 j C.fyS. no. 2280.

Catocala afghana, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1885, p. 352, pi. 9,
fig. 8 ; C. 8f S. no. 2274.

Head and thorax brownish black, irrorated with grey ; abdomen
fuscous. Fore wing brownish black, irrorated with grey, and
suffused with black on basal, costal, and medial areas ; indistinct
double ante- and postmedial waved lines, the latter excurved beyond
cell ; traces of a submarginal line and marginal series of spots.
Hind wing crimson, with obliquely curved medial black band,
expanding into patches in parts; a marginal black band with
sinuous inner edge, and widest at apical area ; a white patch at
apex, the cilia whitish. Underside of fore wing white, with ante-
medial and medial black bands conjoined at inner margin ; the
outer area black, widest at apex ; hind wing crimson, the costal
area white ; the black bands as on upperside.

The form afyhana has the head, thorax, and fore wing paler and
suffused with olive-brown instead of black.

Hob. Afghanistan ; Biluchistan ; N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim.
Exp. 92 millim.

2364. Catocala nupta, Linn. Syst. Nat. xii, p. 841.
Catocala pacta, Hiifn. Berl. Mag. iii, p. 210.
Noctua concubiiia. 'Borkh. Schmett. Eur. iv, p. 21.

442 NOCTUJD^E.

Catocala unicuba, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1210 ; Butl III. Net. vi,
pi. 110, fig. 11 j C. $ S. no. 2285.

Differs from prolifica in the thorax and fore wing being
browner, slightly suffused with black and with no olive tinge.
Fore wing with the lines more prominent ; the postmedial line
more irregularly dentate and with a sinus above inner margin.
Hind wing purer crimson.

Hob. Europe ; Punjab. Exp. 80 millim.

2365. Catocala sponsalis, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1213 ; Butl III. Net. vi,

pi. Ill, fig. 1 ; C.&S. no. 2283.

Differs from nupta in the collar being black-edged; the fore
wing browner ; the lines black and prominent ; the antemedial
line more irregular, outwardly oblique to below the cell, and highly
angled at vein 1 ; the postmedial line very highly angled beyond
the cell, then highly dentate to inner margin. Hind wing rose-
coloured, with the medial and marginal bands much reduced.
Underside with the black markings reduced.

Hob. Nepal. Exp. 84 millim.

2366. Catocala concubia, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1210 ; Butl. Ill Het. vi,

pi. 110, fig. 10 ; C. $ S. no. 2276.

Differs from prolifica in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
greyer; the last with the postmedial line more irregularly dentate
and sending a deep sinus inwards to below the reniform. Hind
wing purer crimson, without any orange tinge. Underside of
fore wing with the white areas broader; hind wing with the
white running down to vein 3 between the medial and marginal
bands.

Hal. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 96 millim.

SECT. III. Hind wing yellowish white.

2367. Catocala nivea, Butl Cist. Ent. ii, p. 241, & III. Het. ii, pi. 33,

fig. 4; C. % & no. 2278 A.

Head and thorax grey, slightly irrorated with black ; the palpi
and collar brown; abdomen grey. Fore wing brownish grey,
irrorated with black, with a yellowish-white fascia below base of
costa, and patches of the same colour on the reniform and post-
medial line; subbasal and antemedial waved lines, the latter
excurved ; a fuscous spot on costa above reniform ; the postmedial
line excurved and highly dentate, with a black streak from it to
outer margin above vein 5 ; a marginal series of black and white
specks. Hind wing yellowish white, with irregular black medial
band not reaching costa or inner margin ; a broad black submar-
ginal band, widest at costa.

Hal. Japan; Thandiani, Punjab. Exp. 100-116 millim.

PHORICA. — BATRACHARTA. 443

Genus PHORICA.
Phorica, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1732 (1858).

Type, P. phasipennis, "Wlk.

Range. " Hindostan."

Differs from Batracharta in the palpi being rather shorter and
more slender, the 3rd joint not enlarged at extremity. Fore wing
with the outer margin not so oblique and not hooked at outer
angle.

2368. Phorica phasipeimis, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1732; C. & S. no.

2329.

c? . Head dark red-brown ; thorax clothed with grey and red-
brown scales ; abdomen fuscous black. Fore wing vinous grey-
brown ; an obscure oblique line from costa before apex to base
of inner margin, the area inside it with grey and brown streaks ;
a greenish yellow patch beyond it below cell ; a white spot at

Fig. 250. — Phorica phasipennis, <$ . }.

lower angle of cell ; a large brown patch beyond cell ; an indistinct
dentate submarginal line ; some brown streaks on marginal area ;
some white specks on costa towards apex. Hind wing dark
brown ; underside paler, with indistinct cell-spot.
Hab. " Hindostan." Eacp. 46 millim.

Genus BATRACHARTA.

Batracharta, Wlk. Jonrn. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 196 (1862).
Pilosocmres, Hmpsn. Ill Bet. viii, p. 85 (1891).

Type, P. obliqua, Wlk.

llange. Mauipur ; Nilgiris ; Borneo.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd
long, naked, and blunt at extremity ; antennae with fasciculated
cilia in male ; abdomen long, and extending far beyond the hind
wing, with a dorsal tuft on first two segments and slightly humped
towards extremity ; mid and hind tibiae fringed with long hair on
the upperside. Fore wing with the costa arched towards apex ;
the outer margin very obliquely rounded ; the outer angle hooked.
Hind wing with the apex much rounded.

444 NOCTUIDJE.

2369. Batracharta obliqua, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 196.
Pilosocrures variegata, Hmpsn. Ill, Het. viii, p. 85, pi. 1-46, fig. 20.

Head ochreous ; 2nd joint of palpi black. Thorax blue-black,
with rufous scales on the collar and metathorax and olive scales
on patagia ; abdomen smoky black, with the dorsal tufts rufous.
Fore wing with an oblique sinuous line from costa beyond middle
to inner margin near base ; the area inside it blue-black, varie-
gated by black strigae and rufous, brown, and ochreous streaks ; in-
distinct brown orbicular and reniform spots ; the area beyond the
line pale reddish, variegated by vinous, purplish brown, and black
suffusion; the outer margin narrowly dark, sending a tooth
inwards between veins 4 and 5, and with fine ochreous marginal
lines. Hind wing fuscous brown ; underside with basal area pale ;
each wing with a large black cell-spot.

Hab. yikhim ; Nilgiris ; Borneo. Exp. 48 millim.

2370. Batracharta irrorata, n. sp.

3 . Differs from obliqua in the head and thorax being brown
and black. Fore wing with the oblique line highly excurved round
end of cell, the area inside it more uniform blue-black, with a

Fig. 251. — Batracharta irrorata, rf . {.

few ochreous specks and the indistinct orbicular and reniform
spots brown; the area beyond the line red -brown, evenly irrorated
with dark specks ; the markings on outer margin slight. Hind
wing and underside paler.

Hab. Manipur, 7000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 48 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

Genus ERYGIA.

Erygia, Giten. Noct. iii, p. 49 (1852).
Ansa, Wlk. Cat. x^, p. 1731 (1858).
Calicula, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1807.

Type, E. apicalis, Guen.

Range. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java ; Australia.

Palpi upturned and very slender, almost naked, the 2nd joint
reaching vertex of head, the 3rd rather variable in length ;
antenna minutely ciliated in male ; metathorax with a large

ERTGIA. 445

spreading tuft ; abdomen with dorsal tufts on the proximal seg-
ments ; male with a large ana] tuft ; tibiae without spines ; the
femora fringed with long hair, as also the fore tibiae; the mid
tibiae with shorter hair ; the hind tibiae and tarsi with long hair.
Fore wing with the apex quadrate ; a tooth of scales at outer angle ;
the cilia crenulate.

2371. Erygia apicalis, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 50 ; C. $ S. no. 2368.
Erygia usta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 918.
Calicula exempta, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1808.
Calicula squamiplena, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1808.
Ansa filipalpis, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1731: Hmpsn. III. Net. ix.

pi. 165, fig. 14; C. $ S. no. 2599.
Dianthcecia geometroides, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 722.

Head and thorax clothed with dark and red-brown scales ;
nbdomen with the dorsal tufts red-brown ; male with the anal
tufts black. Fore wing dark and red-brown, with numerous

Fig. 252. — Erygia apicalis, <£ . \.

indistinct waved lines, the snbbasal, irregular antemedial, and
postmedial line excurved beyond the cell being the most conspicu-
ous ; a red-bro\vn band inside the antemedial line from cell to
inner margin ; some red-brown marks near apex and outer angle ;
a crenulate marginal line. Hind wing fuscous, with a reddish patch
near centre of outer margin.

Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Java; Australia.
42-46 millim.

2372. Erygia reflectifascia, Ilmpsn. III. Ilct. viii, p. 85, pi. 146,
fig. 18.

Differs from apicalis in being pale grey-brown. Fore wing with
the irregular antemedial line more erect ; the postmedial line
recurved to lower angle of cell ; some subapical dark streaks ; no
rufous band on antemedial line or marks near apex and outer
angle. Hind wing whitish ; the outer area suffused with fuscous ;
a crenulate marginal line.

Another specimen has the fore wing very pale, the inner area
\vith patches of fuscous suffusion.

llab. Sind ; Nilgiris. Exp. 40 milliin.

446 NOCTTTID^E.

Genus SYPNA.
Sypna, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 144 (1852).

Type, S. omicronigera. Guen.

Range. Japan ; Himalayas ; Assam ; Nilgiris ; Burma ; Java.

Palpi with the 2nd joint thickened and reaching vertex of head,the
3rd long ; antennae of male usually fasciculated ; thorax quadrately
scaled ; the metathorax slightly tufted ; abdomen with dorsal
ridges and tuf fcs of hair on proximal segments ; tibiae slightly hairy
and usually without spines. Fore wing with the apex rounded ;
the cilia crenulate. Hind \ving with the cilia crenulate ; vein 5
from lower angle of cell.

SECT. I. Mid tibiae without spines.
A. Antennae of male fasciculated.

2373. Sypna omicronigera, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 145 ; C. $ S. no. 2517.
Sypna mormoides, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 202, & III. Het.

vi, pi. Ill, tig. 2 ; C. $ 8. no. 2515.
Sypna albovittata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 168, pi. 5, fig. 25 ; C. $ S.

no. 2499.
Tavia dubitaria, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 939 ; C. $ S. no. 2509.

Fore wing brown, more or less suffused with purple and
irrorated with black ; patagia with pale and dark bands. Fore
wing with subbasal and medial black-brown bauds, with waved
edges and lines outlining them ; the reniform large and very
indistinct ; a postmedial black-brown lunulate band with a lunulate
black line beyond it ; a submarginal series of small lunules, usually
with white specks beyond them. Hind wing dark brown ; the
area at anal angle purplish, with some waved black lines crossing
it ; a submarginal series of dark specks with wrhite specks beyond
them near anal angle. Underside with medial fuscous band on
fore wing placed on a pale patch ; hind wing with a dark-edged
pale cell-spot.

Omicronigera is a small form from Sikhim and the Khasis, with
the markings of fore wing not well-defined ; dubitaria, from the
N.W. Himalayas, is larger, with the bands more prominent, and
sometimes with white suffusion before and beyond the subbasal
and beyond the medial band ; mormoides, from Sikhim, is the
largest form, with the markings most prominent ; the reniform
may be ochreous, with some white specks round it ; albovittata has
some white suffusion on fore wing inside the antemedial line and
beyond the postmedial.

Hab. N. W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Assam. Ecep. 55-86 millim.

2374. Sypna crelisparsa, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1262 ; Butl. III. Het. vi,

pi. Ill, fig. 4 ; C.$S. no. 2505.

Differs from typical omicronigera in the medial band of under-

SYPNA. 447

side being black and on hind wing more curved, situated on
a prominent white band inwardly defined by fuscous ; the outer
area fuscous black, with white patches at outer angle of fore wing
and towards apex and anal angle of hind wing.

Some specimens have the cilia at apex of hind wing ochreoua.

Hab. Assam ; Java. Exp. 58 millim.

2375. Sypna constellata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 24: Waterh. Aid.

ii, pi. 159, fig. 2 ; C.Sf S. no. 2506.

Differs from omicronigera in being yellow-brown without the
purplish tinge ; the base of antennae white ; thorax with white
specks. Fore wings uniform brown, slightly speckled with white,
and with series of prominent white spots on the subbasal, ante-
medial, and postmedial lines, the costa and outer margin ; a white
spot in cell ; the reniform white, with white spots round it ; a
sinuous submarginal dark line. Hind wing with white spots on
inner and outer margin near anal augle ; the cilia ochreous near
apex. Underside ochreous, irrorated with black ; the medial
band more prominent and irregular ; the postmedial area black,
the outer ochreous except at centre of fore wing.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 72 millim.

2376. Sypna tenebrosa, Butl Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 203, & ///.

Het. vi, pi. Ill, fig. 7 ; C. $ S. no. 2528.

Differs from the form dulitaria in being paler brown without
the purplish tinge ; the underside as in ccelisparsa, but without the
purplish tinge on the black areas ; cilia at apex of hind wing some-
times ochreous.

Hab. Sikhiin. Exp. 60 millim.

2377. Sypna punctosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 9S9; C. $ S. no. 2522.
Tavia subrnarginata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 941; C. fy S. no.

2527.
Tavia biocularis, Moore, P, Z. S. 1867, p. 71 ; C. 8f S. no.

2501.
Sypna urnbrosa, JButl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 204 j ///. Het.

vi, pi. Ill, fig. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 2529.
Sypna ochreicilia, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 89, pi. 147, fig. 1.

Fuscous brown, with a purplish tinge. Fore wing with waved
black subbasal, ante-, and postmedial lines, the last excurved
round cell ; a pale or dark speck in cell ; the reniform dark and
indistinct, or whitish in typical punctosa ; a sinuous submarginal
waved line ; some pale specks on costa towards apex and a
marginal series. Hind wing with indistinct sinuous medial and
straight submarginal lines. Punctosa, from the N.W. Himalayas,
is a greyish form, the cilia ochreous at apex of hind wing,
underside with the medial line on a pale band. OcJireicilia, from the
Nilgiris, is similar, but fuscous brown : bioadaris, from Sikhiin,

448 NOCTUIDJE.

and a Travancore form are more suffused with purple ; in the
former the reniform is pure white, with white specks above and

Fig. 253. — Sypna punctosa $ . \.

below it: submarginata=umbrosa is a fuscous-brown form, with
no pale band on underside.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Shillong ; Kilgiris ; Pirmad,
Travancore. Exp. 54 millim.

2378. Sypna marginalis, n. sp.

2 . Differs from the form submarginata of punctosa in the fore
wing having a white spot on the antemedial line at inner margin ;
the reniform whitish ; the submarginal sinuous line ochreous and
not waved ; hind wing with an evenly curved ochreous submarginal
line ; the marginal specks on both wings w?hite. Underside with
a marginal ochreous band, irrorated with fuscous, on both wings.

Hob. Sikhim (Knyvett). Exp. 46 millim. Type in coll.
Knyvett.

2379. Sypna caliginosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 940; C. $ S. no. 2503.

Differs from the form submarginata of punctosa in being of a
chestnut-red tinge ; the sinuous submarginal line not waved ;
the series of specks white and just before the margin.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 50 millim.

2380. Sypna cyanivitta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 70; Waterh. Aid,

ii, pi. 159, fiff. 4 ; C. 8? S. no. 2508.
Sypna bruimeaj Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 1G7 ; C. # S. no. 2502.

Ochreous brown, irrorated with fuscous. Fore wing with short
straight subbasal pale and dark line; the antemedialline bent inwards
at costa ; the postmedial line irregularly excurved round cell ; the
reniform narrow and elongate, sometimes with bluish edges ; a
very irregularly sinuous and dentate indistinct submarginal black
line; an indistinct series of dark specks just before the margin.
Hind wing with traces of medial and submarginal sinuous lines,
and series of dark specks before the margin. Underside of both
wings with indistinct cell-spot and medial line ; a series of dark
specks before the margin.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exp. 56 millim.

SYPNA. 449

2381. Sypna curvilinea, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1867, p. 69, pi. 6, fig. 4 ;

C. $ S. no. 2507.
Sypna moorei, Butl Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 209, and III. Het. vi,

pi. 112, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 2514.

Sypna fraterna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 25 ; C. $ S. no. 2511.
Sypna rubrifascia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 24 ; C. % S. no. 2526.

Differs from cyanivitta in being dark red-brown. Pore wing
with the subbasal line white ; the ante- and postmedial lines double,
slightly waved, and white, the former curved, the latter forming a
straight line with the white-edged reniform, the excurved portion
beyond the cell being almost obsolete ; a white speck in cell ; some
white scales on the marginal specks. Underside as in omicronigera.

Typical curvilinea has the area between the ante- and post-
medial lines of fore wing suffused with bluish white, except the
costal portion and a patch on inner margin beyond the antemedial
line ; in rubrifascia the apical area of fore wing, the area beyond the
postmedial line, and usually the line itself are suffused with bright
rufous ; in a Dalhousie specimen the ante- and postmedial lines
are not waved.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas; Sikhim; Assam; Shillong; Karen
Hills. Exp. 62 millim.

2382. Sypna albilinea, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1261 j Butl. III. Het. vi,

pi. 112, fig. 1 ; C. # S. no. 2498.

Differs from typical curvilinea in the speck in the cell of fore
wing being black ; a black patch on the submarginal line at apex.
Underside as in codisparsa.

Hob. Sylhet. Exp. 60 millim.

2383. Sypna rectilinea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 70 ; C. $ S. no. 2523.
Sypna kirbyi, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 209 ; Waterh. Aid,

ii, pi. 159, fig. 5 ; C. $ S. no. 2512.
Sypna prunosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 25 ; C. $ S. no. 2520.

Differs from cyanivitta in the ante- and postmedial lines of fore
wing being double, the former straight and almost medial, the
latter slightly excurved round cell. Hind wing with an ill-defined
fuscous submarginal band with some ochreous scales on it. Under-
side as in omicronigera.

In rectilinea the ante- and postmedial double lines are white,
the latter forming a straight line with the white edges of the reni-
form ; in kirbyi these lines are olive-grey, with olive-grey suffusion
between them. A Naga specimen is very dark.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Nagas. Krp. 48-56 millim.

2384. Sypna pulchra, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 208, and III.
Het. vi, pi. Ill, fig. 5; C. % S. no. 2521.

cJ . Head and thorax rufous and fuscous ; abdomen fuscous.
Tore wing black, with a purplish tinge ; waved subbasal. ante-
medial, postmedial, and subinargiual lines, the ante- and post-
medial lines on ill-defined reddish ochreous bands ; a bluish-white

VOL. II. 2 G

450 NOCTUID^E.

speck in cell ; the reniform bluish white, with some specks round
it ; ill-defined reddish ochreous patches on apical part of outer
margin and near outer angle ; a marginal series of black and white
specks. Hind wing with pale outer edge to the medial line ; some
pale suffusion at apex, and a streak towards anal angle. Under-
side as in tenebrosa.

Hob. Sikhim. Rrp. 50 millim.

2385. Sypna catocaloides, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 71, pi. 7, fig. 3 j

C. $ S. no. 2504.

c? . Red-brown suffused with fuscous. Fore wing with very
indistinct pale waved subbasal, ante-, and postmedial lines, the
latter excurved round cell ; some green suffusion between the sub-
basal and antemedial Hues on inner area, and beyond the post-
medial line ; a greenish spot in cell and band on discocellulars ;
the reniform greenish ; a sinuous submarginal line, with greenish
streaks on apical area from it to the almost marginal series of
greenish specks. Hind wing black, with broad fulvous postmedial
band ; the apical part of outer area fulvous ; the area towards anal
angle streaked with rufous. Underside orange : fore wing with
medial and postmedial oblique black bands not reaching costa or
inner margin ; a curved submarginal diffused baud : hind wing
with black streak in cell, spot at end of it and band from lower
angle to inner margin ; a curved medial band and diffused sub-
marginal band ; both wings with almost marginal series of black
specks.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 78 millim.

B. Antennce of male bijiectinated with short stiff1 branches.

2386. Sypna replicata, Feld. Eds. Nov. pi. 117, fig. 25; C. $ S.

no. 2525.
Sypna apicalis, Butt. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 206, and III. Het. vi,

pi. Ill, fiar. 6; C. $ S. no. 2500.
Sypna lucilla, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 206, and III. Het. vi,

pi. Ill, fig. 8; C. Sf S. no. 2513.
Sypna plana, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 167, pi. 5, fig. 24: C. fy S.

no. 2519.
Sypna obscurata, Butt. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 207, and III

Het. vi, pi. Ill, fig. 9 ; C. $ S. no. 2516.
Sypna floccosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 167, pi. 5, fig. 23 ; C. fy S.

no. 2510.
Sypna renisigna, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1883, p. 25 ; Waterh. Aid, ii,

pi. 160, fig. 4; C.$S. no. 2524.

Dark red-brown, suffused with fuscous. Fore wing with ante-
medial black band with waved edges ; indistinct sinuous medial,
postmedial, and submarginal lines ; the area between the medial
and postmedial lines suffused with yellowish-white in lucilla, with
grey or pale rufous in obscurata, with a similarly coloured patch
beyond the line below costa. Hind wing with indistinct medial
line on pale band in lucilla ; both wings with marginal series of

SYPffA. — ERCHEIA. 451

black lunules. Underside ochreous, irrorated with black. Fore
wing with oblique medial and post medial black bands not reaching
costa or inner margin ; a diffused submarginal band : hind wing
with medial line bent inwards towards costa; crenulate postmedial
line and diffused submarginal band.

In replicata=apicalis=pla}ia the apex of hind wing is ochreous ;
floccosa has white suffusion on postmediai area of fore wing;
renisigna some white spots round the reniform stigma.

Hab. Dharmsala ; Sikhim ; Shillong ; Tavoy. Exp. 50-58
millim.

SECT. II. Mid tibiae spined.

2387. Sypna pannosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 168, pi. 5, fig. 12 ; C. $ S.

no. 2518.

Head red-brown ; thorax greyish black ; abdomen red-brown,
with the dorsal tufts and extremity black. Fore wing red-brown
suffused with grey, and irrorated with rufous ; a basal black patch
crossed by the subbasal rufous line ; indistinct antemedial, medial,
and postmedial rufous waved lines, the latter excurved beyond
cell ; a large black patch at apex and larger patch with slight
white marks on it at outer angle. Hind wing fuscous-brown ;
a large black patch with slight white marks on it at anal angle ;
some diffused black on submarginal area ; a marginal series of
black specks. Underside with two straight medial black bands on
fore wing and two crenulate lines on hind wing.

Hab. N. W. Himalayas ; Khasis. Exp. 64 millim.

Genus ERCHEIA.
Ercheia, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1107 (1857).

Type, E. cyllaria, Cram.

Range. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australasian regions.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd
long in both sexes ; antennae minutely ciliated in male ; thorax
and abdomen smoothly scaled ; mid and hind tibiae spined, fore
tibiaa of male clothed with rather long hair. Fore wing with the
apex somewhat rounded, the cilia of both wings crenulate.

2388. Ercheia cyllaria, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, pi. 251, C, D ; C. $ S.

no. 2583.

Achgea cyllota, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 248 ; C. $ S. no. 2584.
Ercheia diversipennis, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1108; C. $ S. no.

2585.

Achgea signivitta, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1398.
Achrea polychroma, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1400.
Acheea fusifera, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1398 ; C. $ S. no. 2586.
Melipotis ambidens, Feld. He is. Nov. pi. 116, fig. 9.
Ercheia tenebrosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 66; C. $> S. no.

2589.
Ercheia pannosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 24; C. $ S. no. 2587.

452 KOGTUIDjE.

Ercheia uniformis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 24 ; C. 8f S. no. 2590.
Ercheia zygia, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 465 ; C. # S. no. 2502.
Ercheia zura, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 465; C. $ S. no. 2591.
Melipotis costipennosa, Moore. Lep. Atk. p. 166. pi. 5. fig. 8:

G £ S. no. 2582.
Melipotis strigipennis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 165; C. fy S. uo.

2588.

Head, thorax, and fore wing pale reddish brown ; the collar and
patagia often streaked with black. Eore wing with indistinct,
waved, antemedial line ; a postmedial line very much excurved
beyond the cell ; a waved submarginal line ; the orbicular repre-
sented by a speck ; the reniform indistinct, with dark outline.
Abdomen and hind wing fuscous black ; the latter with three medial
white spots, which may be disconnected, and the costal spot ob-
solescent or conjoined into a band ; a spot near centre of outer
margin ; the cilia white at apex and outer angle. Underside
ochreous white, irrorated with black ; fore wing with oblique cre-
nulate postmedial line and broad submarginal diffused band ; hind
wing similar, but with a lunule at end of cell and the line more
irregular.

The form cyllaria has the fore wing suffused with fuscous and
streaked with black ; the spots of hind wing disconnected ; cyllota
has dark basal and apical costal patches ; polychroma has the lines
double and two ring-marks below end of cell ; fusifera has a pale
band along inner and outer margin, the remainder of the wing deep

Fig. 254.— Ercheia cyllaria, $ . }.

fuscous ; diversipennis has the medial band to hind wing with a
dark inner edge, and usually the basal area paler, the fore wing
marked like cyllaria, but paler ; pannosa is pale olive with the basal
and apical patches ; zygia has the pale band along inner and outer
margins, but ill-defined.

Hcib. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Borneo. Exp. 50-
60 millitn.

Genus HYPOCALA.
Hypocala, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 73 (1852).

Type, H. deflorata, Fabr.

Range. Throughout the tropical and subtropical zones.

Palpi porrect, triangularly scaled, and rostriform ; antenna?

HYPOCALA. 453

ciliated in male ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ; tibiae but
slightly hairy, and without spines. Pore wing with the costa slightly
arched towards apex, which is rectangular. Larvae with four pairs
of abdominal prolegs.

2389. Hypocala subsatura, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 75 ; C. fy S. no.

2292.
Hypocala aspersa, Butt. P. Z. 8. 1883, p. 164; C. fy S. no.

2287.

Hypocala subsatura, var. limbata, Butl. III. Set. vii, p. 76, pi. 131,
fig. 13.

Head and thorax dark violaceous grey ; abdomen orange, with
broad black bands above. Fore wing dark violaceous grey ; a dark
spot at base ; an antemedial waved line, angled below median
nervure ; a black speck in cell ; reniform a large dark lunule ; the

postmedial line sinuous, highly ex-
curved beyond the cell, then bent
inwards to below reniform ; a sub-
marginal rich brown double line filled
in with whitish, arising from the
outer margin below apex and angled
outwards to the margin at vein 3.
Hind wing orange, the costal area
Fig 255. black-brown, conjoined to a large

Hypocala subsatura, <$ . \. spot in end of cell ; a broad fascia

from base below cell ; the outer area

black-brown, angled inwards at vein 2, and with a submarginal
orange spot at centre and a small marginal spot near anal angle ;
the cilia orange. Underside orange ; the costal and apical areas of
fore wing and costa of hind wing ochreous and brown speckled ;
disk of fore wing black, with a large yellow spot ; hind wing with
large cell-spot ; the outer area marked as above.

In the typical form the markings of the fore wing are indistinct ;
in aspersa the ground-colour is much more variegated, the mark-
ings prominent ; in limbata the fore wing is dark chocolate with a
broad pale inner band speckled with brown, and angled upwards to
lower end of cell ; a triangular grey patch on costa before apex.
Hob. N.W. and E. Himalayas ; Sylhet. Exp. 34-50 milliin.

2390. Hypocala deflorata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, p. 472 ; C.$S. no. 2288.
Hybleea rostrata, Fabr. Syst. Ent. iii, 2, p. 127; C. Sf S. uo. 2291.
Hypocala plumicornis, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 75.
Hypocala angulipalpis, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 77 ; C. 8f S. no. 2286.
Hypocala efflorescens, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 77 ; C. $ S. no. 2289.

Differs from subsatura in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
paler. Hind wing with the orange area larger ; the marginal
black area reduced and the two orange spots conjoined. Under-
side with the black on fore wrmg reduced to two bars, and that on
hind wing also much reduced.

The form plumicornis corresponds to aspersa, and rostrata to
limbata.

454

Hob. E. and S. Africa ; KW. Himalayas ; Canara ; Nilgiris.
Exp. 30-42 millim.

2391. Hypocala moorei, Sutl. A. M. N. H. (6) x, 1892, p. 21.
Hypocala efflorescens, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 160, figs. 5, 5 a

(necGuen.).

Differs from deflorata in the inner edge of the marginal band of
hind wing being even ; the orange spot absent ; the small marginal
spot elongate.

Hob. W. Africa; N.W. Himalayas; Sikhim; Canara; Ceylon.
Exp. 44-56 millim.

2392. Hypocala violacea, Butl Trans. Ent, Soc. 1879, p. 6.
Hypocala clarissima, Butl. A. M. N. H. (6) x, 1892, p. 21.

Differs from subsatura in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
uniform red-brown, irrorated with dark specks. Underside with
the black markings on fore wing reduced to two bars, and those
on hind wing to a small cell-spot and bar towards anal angle.

In the Ceylon form, darissima, the black markings on upper-
side of hind wing and underside of fore wing are rather narrower.

Hob. Ceylon ; Cachar ; Burma. Exp. 46 millim.

2393. Hypocala biarcuata, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1816.

Head, thorax, and fore wing pale brown, irrorated with black ;
abdomen yellowish, the last segment black, with pale anal tuft.
Fore wing with a submarginal black line in the form of two curves
touching the margin at apex, centre, and outer angle. Hind wing
orange with marginal black band, broad at costa, and narrowing to
anal angle ; the cilia pale. Underside yellow ; both wings with
the costal areas ochreous and brown speckled, and with a sub-
marginal black band not reaching costa or inner margin; fore
wing with cell-spot.

Hob. Cauara ; Tenasserim. Exp. 40 millim.

2394. Hypocala lativitta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 606, pi. 60, fig. 4;

C. 8f S. no. 2290.

Differs from biarcuata in the fore wing being darker, with large
patches of grey suffusion on inner area and on costa before apex ;
the submarginal line much less regular, and broken by diffused
brown patches and black streaks at apex and centre. Hind wing
with black cell-spot, prominent on underside.

Hob. Khasis ; Nagas ; Tenasserim ; Andamans. Exp. 48
millim.

Genus PTEROCYCLOPHORA.
Pterocyclophora, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 109 (1893)

Type, P. pictimargo, Hmpsn.

Range. Ceylon; Java.

Palpi with the 2nd joint thickened and reaching vertex of head,

PTEROCYCLOPHORA. — ANISONEtTRA. 455

the 3rd obliquely porrect and naked ; antennae bipectinated with
short branches in male ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ;
mid tibiae spined and with terminal tuft ; hind tibiae with medial
and terminal tufts. Tore wing with the costa highly arched ; the
apex produced and acute ; the cilia highly crenulate. Hind wing
with the outer margin produced to a point at vein 4 ; inner
margin with a deep incision at middle forming a fringed lobe ; the
cilia highly crenulate ; the cell of both wings somewhat short.

2395. Pterocyclophora pictimargo, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 110,
pi. 165, fig. 16.

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey, irrorated with dark brown
scales. Fore wing ochreous, with purplish suffusion and irrorated
with dark brown scales ; the renif orm indistinct and pale ochreous ;
traces of a waved ferruginous medial line excurved round cell ; a
spot beyond the cell on vein 5 ; a straight submarginal ferruginous
line bent outwards to apex, the area beyond it brown, with a series
of antemarginal white strigae. Hind wing yellow with ante- and

Fig. 256. — Pterocyclophora pictimargo,

postmedial brown lines, the latter obsolete towards costa ; the
apical area fuscous ; the outer area brown, inwardly edged by a
purplish line, then a ferruginous line and some ferruginous suf-
fusion ; antemarginal and marginal white lines. Underside
ochreous, irrorated with brown, except on inner area of fore wing,
which has medial and postmedial brown% bars ; hind wing with
three lines on inner area.

Hob. Ceylon ; Java. Ex p. 66 millim.

Genus ANISONEURA.

Anisoneura, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 160 (1852).

Type, A. salebrosa, Gruen.

Range. Himalayas ; Assam ; Sylhet ; Poona.

Palpi with the 2nd joint thickened and reaching vertex of head,
the 3rd of moderate length ; antennae of male with minute fascicules
of cilia ; thorax quadrately scaled ; abdomen with dorsal ridges of

456

NOC'TUID^.

hair ; tibiae but slightly hairy, the mid tibiae spined. Fore wing
with the costa arched towards apex ; the cilia crenulate. Hind
wing with the cilia crenulate ; the cell short ; vein 5 from lower
angle of cell.

SECT. I. Pore wing produced at apex, the outer margin oblique ;
hind wing with veins 6 and 7 on a long stalk in male, a short
stalk in female.

2396. Anisoneura hypocyanea, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 162; C. # S.
no. 2530.

c? . Dark red brown, suffused with fuscous ; the head and collar
black ; two black bars on thorax. Fore wing with a short irregu-
larly dentate subbasal line ; a very irregularly dentate antemedial
line, oblique and prominent below the cell ; a dark patch in end of
cell ; patches of yellow and black scales beyond and below end of
cell ; a highly crenulate postmedial oblique line ; an indistinct
double crenulate submarginal line ; a lunulate black line near the
margin. Hind wing with two indistinct antemedial lines ; a crenu-
late medial black line ; a nearly straight postmedial line, with an

Fig. 257. — Anisoneura hypocyanea, $ . \.

indistinct line beyond it; a slightly sinuous submarginal line.
Underside of fore wing with crenulate postmedial line ; the outer
area suffused with purple; hind wing suffused with purple and
with some white on the veins ; crenulate antemedial and medial
lines.

$ paler ; the thorax and costa of fore wing as far as the post-
medial line grey.

Hal. N.W.Himalayas; Sikhim; Assam. Eocp. 90-124 milliin.

AtflSONETJKA. — SPIREDONIA. 457

SECT. II. Fore wing not produced at apex, the outer margin much
less oblique ; hind wing with veins 6 and 7 from cell.

2397. Anisoneura salebrosa, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 161 ; C.fy #.no. 2,531.

£ . Differs from Tiypocyanea in being darker, more uniformly
suffused with fuscous, and with a purplish tinge ; head and collar
not black. Fore wing with the lines less oblique, without patches
of yellow and black scales below and beyond cell ; an ochreous
patch beyond centre of postmedial line, with an oblique black
streak above it. Hind wing with the postmedial line more waved
and without the indistinct line beyond it. Underside pale without
purplish suffusion and with two dark medial and a pale submar-
ginal line.

Hob. Sylhet; Poona. Exp. 70 inillim.

Genus SPIREDONIA.

Speiredonia, Hiibn. Verz. p. 272 (1818).
Sericia, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 172 (1852). '

Type, S. feducia, Stoll.

Range. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australian regions.
Differs from the 2nd section of Anisoneura in the mid tibia3 not
being spined.

2398. Spiredonia anops, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 173 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 164, fig. 7 ; C. $ S. no. 2555.

Black-brown shot with purple. Fore wing with waved subbasal,
antemedial, and medial black lines ; a spot in cell ; a double post-
medial waved line excurved from vein 2 to lower angle of cell ; an

Fig. 258. — Spiredonia anops, <$ . }.

indistinct sinuous submarginal double line. Hind wing with
medial lunulate line and traces of a sinuous double submarginal
line.

Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Andamans ; Aus-
tralia. Exp. 7~0-78 millim.

458

2399. Spiredonia alix, Guen. Noct. iii,p. 171.

Tavia substruens, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1276 ; C. $ S. no. 2557.

Syrnia sparsa, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1280.

Sericia calamistrata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 26 ; C. fy S. no. 2556.

Differs from anops in being fuscous brown with hardly any
purple shot. Fore wing with two sinuations in the postmedial line
beyond the cell, with black inside them and forming a figure 3, the
line more regularly waved above inner margin ; the double sub-
marginal line regularly waved. Hind wing with the double waved
submarginal line more prominent ; underside with the inner area
purplish, with black medial and white subanal spots.

Typical alix has some white suffusion on postmedial and sub-
marginal lines of both wings, whilst substruens is uniformly dark.

Hab. Sind ; N.W. and E. Himalayas; Assam; Andamans ;
ISicobars ; Java. Exp. 56-64 millitn.

2400. Spiredonia feducia, Stoll, Cram. Pap. Exot. v, pi. 36, fig. 3 ;

C. 8f S. no. 2552.
Phalaena zamis, Stoll, Cram. Pap. Exot. v, pi. 36, fig. 11 ; C. fy S.

no. 2554.

Speiredonia retrahens, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p'. 1294; C. 8f S. no. 2553.
Sericia parvipennis, J[7/r. Cat. xiv, p. \'2^~.
Speiredonia conspicua, Jk\>li1. YiWx. \<>r. pi. 113, fig. 7.
Onimatophora albifascia, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 947.

Differs from alix in the middle loop of the figure 3 on fore wing
being produced inwards almost to the discocellulars ; a rufous spot
in cell.

Feducia and parvipennis are small forms ; the former has some
purplish grey patches on both wings, the latter has ochreous patches
on disk and centre of margin of both wings.

Zamis, retrahens, and albifascia are large forms ; the first has
purplish patches on both wings, in the 2nd these are very promi-
nent ; whilst in the 3rd there is ochreous or white suffusion on
the submarginal area; of fore wing and postmedial area of hind
wing.

Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Andamans; Java.
Exp. 64-78 millim.

Genus NYCTIPAO.

Nyctipao, Hubn. Verz. p. 271 (1818).

Argiva, Hubn. Verz. p. 272.

Patula, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 176 (1852).

Type, N. crepuscularis, Linn.

Range. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australian regions.
Differs from Spiredonia in the mid and hind tibiae being spined
and almost naked ; the fore wing broader.

iNTCTIPAO. 459

SECT. I. (Patula). Male with the costal half of hind wing aborted
to form a fold turned over on the upper surface and contain-
ing a large glandular patch of flocculent hair ; vein 4 running
to the functional apex, 5 from centre of discocellulars, and 6
to the fold ; 7 and 8 very minute to near base of costa.

2401. Nyctipao macrops, Linn. Syst. Nat. xii, iii, p. 225 ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl iii, pi. 164, fig. 5 ; C. $ S. no. 2533.
Noctua bubo, Fabr. Sp. Ins. ii, p. 209.
Patula boopis, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 178 ; C. 8f 8. no. 2532.
Patula walkeri, Butt. A. M. N. H. (4) xvi, 1875, p. 406.

Fuscous brown, with a slight purplish tinge. Fore wing with
short subbasal and waved antemedial and medial black lines ; a
very large fulvous ocellus beyond end of cell, with black outline and
black comma-shaped pupil with blue streaks and specks on it ; two
irregularly waved postmedial lines excurved round the ocellus and
bent inwards below it, the outer one expanding into a patch at
costa ; two sinuous series of black submarginal spots, the inner
series indistinct and obsolete towards costa. Hind wing with
medial black line excurved round cell; a postmedial series of
lunules with two sinuous series of spots beyond them, the inner
series least distinct. Underside with irregular postmedial series of
white spots and regular submarginal series of lunules to each wing.

Walkeri, from Africa, has the black patch on costa of fore wing
larger, the white spots on underside smaller.

c? with tufts of orange hair in anal segment of abdomen round
claspers.

Hob. Throughout Africa, Madagascar, India, Ceylon, and Burma.
Exp. 134-160 millim.

SECT. II. (Argiva). Male with vein 3 running to the functional
apex of bind wing ; the costal fold obsolete, the glandular
patch small.

A. Male ivith veins 4 to 8 of hind wing moderately developed
in the aborted costal area.

2402. Nyctipao hieroglyphica, Drury, HI. Exot. Ins. ii, p. 3, pi. ii,

tig. 1; C. $ S. no. 2535.

Phalaena mygdonia, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 174, F.
Phalaena harmonia, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 174, E.
Noctua ulula, Fabr. Sp. Ins. ii, p. 211, no. 9.

c? . Rich black-brown. Fore wing with a whorl-shaped black
mark beyond end of cell, bilobed and expanding at head, where it
is outlined with blue ; an oblique yellow bar from costa near apex,
in one specimen reaching outer margin.

£ . Brown, with black striae ; fore wing with the oblique bar
white ; both wings with traces of postmedial band of whitish marks
and white spot on fore wing above vein 3.

460 NOCTTTID^E.

Hob. Madagascar ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma
Malacca ; Philippines ; Java ; Ternate. Exp. 88 millirn.

Fig. 259. — Nyctipao hieroglyphk-a, <$ . \.

2403. Nyctipao caprimulgns, Fabr. Sp. Ins. ii, 210, no. 6 ; C. # S.

no. 2534.
Nyctipao exterior, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1306; Bull. Ill Het. vi,

pi. 112, fig. 3 ; C. 8? S. no. 2540.
Nyctipao obliterans, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1307.
Nyctipao truncata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 608 ; C. $ S. no. 2544.

<5 . Differs from liieroglyphica in having the whorl on fore wing
larger ; the yellow subapical bar absent. Abdomen with tufts of
orange hair in anal segment round claspers.

$ . The form obliterans is like the male, but with indistinct ante-
medial line to fore wing and line from the whorl to inner margin ;
hind wing with traces of sinuous medial line. In the form exterior
there is a sinuous postmedial white line on both wings, broad and
angled near costa of fore wing, the outer area suffused with grey
or sometimes mostly white on hind wing. Another form is
brown, the wings suffused with black as far as the postmedial line.
Underside with irregular postmedial series of white spots to both
wings.

Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp. 90-104
millim.

B. Male with the glandular patch and veins 4 to 8 of hind wing
still more reduced.

2404. Nyctipao strigipennis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 25 ; C. $ S.

no. 2536.

Differs from the female of hieroglypliica in having the oblique
subapical bar of fore wing brown and indistinct.

NTCTIPAO. 461

The male has both wings suffused with black as far as the post-
medial line ; the abdomen black.

Hob. Khasis ; Nilgiris. Exp. 86 milliin.

2405. Nyctipao crepuscular is, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, 2, p. 811 ; Moore,

Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 165, fig. 1-1 a ; C. $ S. no. 2539.
Nyctipao ephesperis, Hiibn. Verz. p. 272.
Nyctipao Isetitia, Butl. III. Net. in, p. 26, pi. 47, fig. 9.

Head and thorax dark brown ; abdomen usually paler, with pale
bands at base. Fore wing dark brown, with indistinct sinuous
antemedial line ; the mark at end of cell shaped like an ' inverted
comma,' and brown with black edges, the ' head ' slightly bilobed
and with only a few blue scales ; a black line highly angled beyond
cell, then running to near base of inner margin, and with a broad
fulvous or white band beyond it ; an indistinct sinuous postmedial
line, and submarginal irregularly lunulate black line, with some
white marks on it, the mark at costa usually larger ; the outer area
suffused with grey, except a large triangular patch on costa before
apex. Hind wing with pale basal band, with black line beyond it ;
a slightly waved medial line, with some long whitish hair beyond
it ; an irregularly lunulate submarginal black line, bent inwards
between veins 3 and 6, usually with white marks on it and a patch
at costa ; the outer area fulvous brown except at apex.

Hob. Japan ; China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
Sumatra; Java; Borneo; Philippines. Exp. 96-110 millim.

2406. Nyctipao gemmans, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 182 ; C. $ S. no. 2541.

Black-brown. Pore wing with indistinct antemedial line ; the
stigma as in crepuscularis, but larger and with toothed inner edge ;
the postmedial line curved and bent inwards below the stigma ;
an evenly curved white submarginal band, with yellowish edge and
some specks beyond it across both wings. Hind wing with in-
distinct subbasal and medial lines.

Hob. Sylhet. Exp. 82 millim.

2407. Nyctipao albicincta, Koll. Htigets Kaschndr, iv, p. 474, pi. 22

(1844) ; C.$ S. no. 2537.
Erebus rivularis, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 57, pi. 28, fig. 3.

Metallic blue-black. Fore wing with the whorl-shaped stigma
large and on a greenish patch, with brick-red in the centre, the
black head with a blue patch, two white specks and some white
scales on it ; a curved ochreous white submarginal narrow band to
both wings, with angles in it above veins 3 and 6 of hind wing and
vein 3 of fore wing ; the cilia and veins at margin of both wings
ochreous white.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Khasis ; Shillong ; ? Nilgiris.
Exp. 110-130 millim.

2408. Nyctipao glaucopis, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1306 ; Butl. III. Het.

vi,pl. 112, fig. 4; C. # S. no. 2542.
Nyctipao prunosa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 26 ; C. 8f S. no. 2543.

462

NOCTUIDJS.

Purplish fuscous. Fore wing with the whorl-shaped stigma as
in hieroglyphica. Underside with curved series of white spots,
which show slightly on upperside, the two at costa of hind wing
being prominent.

A variety has an irregular postraedial white line and the cilia
white.

Hab. KW. Himalayas ; Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 84-108 inillim.

Genus HYLODES.
Hulodes, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 207 (1852).

Type, H. caranea, Cram.

Range. Formosa; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
Malacca; Java.

Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd minute
in male, of moderate length in female ; antennae simple ; thorax
and abdomen clothed with coarse hair ; tibiae not spined ; male
with the tibiae, the 1st tarsal joint of rnid legs, and all the joints of
hind legs fringed with long hair. Fore wing with the costa arched
towards apex, which is somewhat falcate. Hind wing with the cell
short ; vein 5 from close to lower angle.

Larvae with four pairs of abdominal prolegs, the first rudi-
mentary.

SECT. I. Hind wing with the outer margin crenulate and
produced to a point at vein 4.

2409. Hylodes caranea, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, pi. 269 E, F ; Moore,
Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 166, tigs. 3, 3 a, & pi. 167, fig. 6 (larva) ; C. $ S.
no. 2575.

<5 . Fuscous brown. Wings suffused with purplish as far as

Fig. 260. — Hylodes caranea,

the curved submarginal line which runs from the apex to inner
margin of hind wing, the area beyond it ochreous brown with a

HYLODES. — AGONISTA. 463

marginal series of specks ; fore wing with traces of ante- and post-
medial waved lines and brown-centred ochreous lunule at end of
cell ; hind wing with traces of antemedial waved line. Underside
with crenulate medial line ; hind wing with black cell-spot and
spot at middle of costa.

$ . Pale ochreous brown, with some dark brown suffusion inside
the oblique line, which is double ; some specimens with a black
spot on centre of inner margin of fore wing.

Larva with two pointed dorsal tubercles on anal somite ; olive-
green, speckled with fuscous and paler below ; dorsal and lateral
bands of black streaks; some greenish-white blotches on back
and sides ; the stigmata black ; the tubercles reddish. Food-plant
Acanihads.

Hal. Formosa ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java.
Exp. 84-90 millim.

SECT. II. Hind wing with the outer margin hardly crenulate
and but slightly angled at vein 4.

2410. Hylodes drylla, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 209, pi. 24, fig. 10.
Hulodes saturnioides, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 209; C. $ S. no. 2577.
Hypopyra restorans, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1328 ; C. $ S. no. 2576.

S . Differs from caranea in being ochreous brown ; the head
and collar dark. Fore wing uniform, with the postmedial line
more oblique towards inner margin, often dentate and with fuscous
suffusion beyond it.

$ paler ochreous brown, with no dark suffusion inside the post-
medial line.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Assam ; Calcutta ; Burma ; Perak.
Exp., <5 72, $ 76 millim.

Genus AGONISTA.

Agonista, Rogenhoff, Feld. Reis. Nov., Lep. iv, pi. 113, fig. 5 (1864-67).
Lygniodes, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 123 (1852), praeocc.

Type, A. hypoleuca, Guen.

Range. Himalayas ; Nilgiris ; Travancore ; Ceylon ; Assam ;
Burma; Malacca; Borneo; Java.

Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd of
moderate length ; antennae simple ; thorax and abdomen smoothly
scaled ; mid tibiae spined ; hind tibiae slightly fringed with hair.
Fore wing with the costa arched ; the apex slightly produced and
acute. Hind wing with the cell very short ; vein 5 from near
lower angle ; 6 much curved.

2411. Agonista hypoleuca, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 125; C. # S. no. 2495.

c? . Black-brown, shot with purple ; cilia of both wings white.
Underside of thorax and abdomen ochreous ; the wings white ;
fore wing striated with brown, and the basal, costal, and apical
areas brown ; hind wing slightly speckled with brown, and some
brown near apex.

464

NOCTUID^E.

$ . Dull brown, with darker striae ; a curved medial dark line
to both wings and submarginal series of pale specks ; hind wing

Fig. 261. — Agonista hypoleuca, $ .

with pale postmedial line. Underside much browner than in
male; a cell- spot, postmedial line, and series of submarginal specks
to each wing.

Hab. Sikhim ; Bhutan ; Assam ; Moulmein. Exp., <$ 92,
£ 100 millim.

2412. Agonista endoleuca, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 124 ; C. $ S. no. 2494.

J . Differs from hypoleuca in the inner area of hind wing being
pure white. Underside of fore wing brown, of hind wing white
with brown striae, and the apex brown in the Burmese form, whilst
in the typical form from Java the white is confined to the inner
area and the abdomen has the extremity yellow above.

Hab. Tenasserim ; Malacca ; Java. Exp. 94 millim.

2413. Agonista reducens, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1236 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl

iii, pi. 163, tigs. 3, 3 a ; C. $ S. no. 2496.

Lvgniodes reducens, var. E-antiqua, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 89.
Lygniodes ciliata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 69 ; C. $ S. no. 2493.
Lygniodes disparans, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1817.

c? . Differs from hypoleuca in being duller and greyer brown.
Underside brown ; the hind wing greyish white with brown striae,
except on costal area.

$ . The underside browner than in JiypoleMca. The variety
E-antiqua has a stigma in the shape of the old English letter 6 at
end of cell of fore wing.

Hab. Sikhim; Nilgiris ; Travancore; Ceylon. Exp. 84 millim.

POLTDESMA. 465

Genus POLYDESMA.

Polydesma, Boisd. Faun. Ent. Madag., Lep. p. 108 (1833).

Pandesma, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 438 (1852).

Felinia, Gum.. Noct. iii, p. 322 (1852). '

Briarda, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1097 (1857).

Ericeia, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1089.

Talariga, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1634 (1858).

Oirpa, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1849.

Belciana, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 182 (1862).

Beana, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vi, p. 183.

Bamra, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 159 (1882).

Vapara, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 163.

Ororaena, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 160.

Pitacota, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. hi, p. 46 (1885).

Koptoplax, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 126 (1891).

Type, P. umbricola, Boisd.

Range. Ethiopian region; Japan; China; Oriental and Aus-
tralian regions.

Palpi upturned ; the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head ; thorax
smoothly scaled ; abdomen with usually slight basal ridges and tufts
of hair ; tibiae without spines and more or less fringed with hair.
Fore wing with the apex somewhat rounded. Hind wing with
vein 5 from above angle of cell.

Larvae with four pairs of abdominal prolegs, the first two pairs
rudimentary.

SECT. I. Antennae of male minutely ciliated.
A. Palpi with the 3rd joint short.

a. (Pandesma). Male with the base of hind iving smoothly scaled
on underside.

a'. Mid legs of male with no tuft of long hair from the
femoro-tibial joint.

2414. Polydesma mundata, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1701 ; Hmpsn. III. Het.

ix, pi. 163, fig. 14, pi. 176, fig. 7 (larva).
Bamra acronyctoides, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 160 ; C. $ S. no. 2432.

Grey, suffused with pale red-brown ; palpi black at base ; the
collar rufous. Fore wing with sinuous subbasal, antemedial, post-
medial, and subrnarginal indistinct lines ; an oblique black streak
from centre of costa to centre of submarginal line, crossing a
longitudinal streak from the discocellulars to the submarginal line ;
some black streaks from the submarginal line towards outer
margin, the streak above outer angle extending within the line.
Hind wing white; the outer area more or less suffused with
fuscous.

Larva. Dull brownish green above, in some specimens purplish ;
whitish below ; two small yellowish dorsal spots on each somite
except the first and last; a hump on the eleventh somite. Food-
plant, Albizzia. Spins a cocoon amongst grass and leaves, and
secretes a whitish powder from ventral area when pupating.

Hab. Kaugra ; Ceylon. Exp. 44 milliin.

VOL. II. 2 H

466

2415. Polydesma albicola, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1515 ; C. $ S. no. 2433.
Agriopis discalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1807, p. 57, pi. vii, fig. 2 ; C. $ S.

no. 2434.
Bamra diplostigma, Hmgsn. Ill Het. ix, p. 109, pi. 163, fig. 7.

Differs from mundata in being white, very slightly suffused with
fuscous. Fore wing with traces of numerous waved fuscous lines ;
the subbasal and antemedial black lines arising from black spots
on the costa ; beyond the end of cell is a black streak with incom-
plete loops above and below it, thus forming a very incomplete
figure of 8. Hind wing with the base white ; the outer two-thirds
fuscous, with a white streak at anal angle. Underside with nearly
the whole fore wing and outer half of hind wing suffused with
fuscous.

The form diplostigma, from Ceylon, is whiter ; a fuscous patch on
the costa above the mark at end of cell ; hind wing and underside
very slightly fuscous.

Uab. Sikhim ; Assam ; Ceylon. Exp. 54 milliin.

2416. Polydesma turbata, W7A-. Cat. xv, p. 1720 ; C. $ S. no. 1930.

£ . Fuscous brown ; the vertex of head white. Fore wing with
traces of numerous waved black lines ; a large white basal patch
not reaching costa or inner margin and conjoined to a large patch
in end of cell, extending upwards to the costa ; a large patch on
the apical part of costa, with two brown marks on it at the origin
of the- postmedial and submarginal lines. Underside of hind wing
with indistinct curved postmedial line.

Hab. " X. India." Evp. 46 millim.

2417. Polydesma sublimis, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. Ill, fig. 23; C. 8f S.

no. 2445.
Agriopis lepida, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 56 : C. fy S. no. 2435.

White, with a slight yellowish suffusion ; the base of palpi black.
Fore wing with subbasal and antemedial slightly sinuous black
lines, the area between them suffused with red-brown ; the ante-
medial line with a prominent black spot below the cell ; an
indistinct speck in cell ; a grey lunule at end of it ; indistinct
double medial and postmedial waved lines and irregularly sinuous
submarginal line ; the costal half of this postmedial area suffused
with red-brown and parts of the inner half with greenish grey ;
two black spots on the postmedial line ; a crenulate marginal line.
Hind wing white ; the outer area suffused with fuscous ; a series
of black marginal lunules.

In Sikhim specimens the dark markings of the fore wing are
more extensive.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exp. 48 millim.

2418. Polydesma qnenavadi, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 438 ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. iii, pi. 156, fig. 1 ; C. £ S. no. 2443.
Pandesnaa anyaa, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 439,

POLYDESMA. 467

Cerbia fugitiva, Wlk, Cat. xiv. p. 1365.

Pandesma jubra, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 413, pi. 44, fig. 4.

Pandesma similata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 24 j C. $ S. no. 2444.

Brownish grey. Fore wing with subbasal, antemedial, medial,
excurved postmedial, and submarginal waved lines ; the orbicular
and reniform indistinct ; a marginal series of specks. Hind wing
with the basal area whitish ; the outer brownish, with postmedial
and submarginal indistinct waved lines. Underside white, with a
broad submarginal fuscous band and marginal series of black
specks to each wing.

The form jubra, from Burma, is lilacine grey, with some ochreous
on head and collar ; abdomen ringed with ochreous. Fore wing
with a black speck on antemedial line ; a brown diffused sub-
marginal band. Hind wing with the outer area black. A Ceylon
specimen is still darker.

Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp. 40-56 millim.

2419. Polydesma fasciata. Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 163 ; C. fy S. no. 2358.

3 . Olive-brown, suffused with fuscous. Fore wing with in-
distinct subbasal and antemedial sinuous black lines ; the area
between them suffused with black ; the reniform small, with dark
outline ; traces of a dentate medial line ; an irregularly dentate
postmedial line bent inwards below end of cell ; an irregular sub-
marginal line, with slight black suffusion on it near apex and inner
margin. Hind wing dark fuscous ; the cilia pale brown ; under-
side with cell-spot and indistinct sinuous medial line ; the apex of
each wing with a vinous tinge.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 42 millim.

2420. Polydesma catenata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii, p. 550, pi. 214.

fig. 10; C. $ S. no. 2459.
Panilla apicalis, JButl. III. Het. vii, p. 74, pi. 132, fig. 1.

Pale red-brown. Fore wing with some black spots on the costa
and some subbasal blackish patches ; an antemedial sinuous line ;
two indistinct medial lines excurved at end of cell ; a postmedial
black line excurved between veins 3 and 5, and with a black patch
beyond it from the costa to vein 3 with some blue scales on it ;
traces of a sinuous submarginal band ; a marginal lunulate line.
Hind wing with indistinct lunule at end of cell and medial sinuous
line ; a sinuous black postmedial line ; traces of a submarginal
line ; a fine marginal black crenulate line.

Hab. Dharmsala ; Ceylon. Exp. 24 millim.

2421. Polydesma vetusta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 875 ; C. # S. no. 2467.

Grey, irrorated with fuscous. Fore wing with waved ante-
medial narrow dark band ; traces of medial waved line ; a spot at
end of cell ; a postmedial waved black line excurved beyond cell
and with an indistinct fuscous line beyond it ; traces of a sub-
marginal sinuous line. Hind wing with trace's of medial line ; a

468 NOCTUID^!.

postmedial waved black line with an indistinct fuscous line beyond
it ; a stibmarginal indistinct waved line.
Hob. Karachi ; Mhow. Exp. 84 millhn.

b'. Mid legs of male with a tuft of long hair from the
femoro-tibial joint.

2422. Polydesma costimacula, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 429 ; C. §• S. no. 2203.
Remigia triangulata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. ]017.

Ochreous-brown ; the head and collar black ; abdomen tinged
with fuscous. Fore wing with antemedial, postmedial, and sub-
marginal black patches on costa ; a dark line on discoeellulars,
expanding into a small square spot at lower angle of cell ; traces
of waved medial, postraedial, and submarginal lines and of two
fuscous submarginal spots. Hind wing with the apical area
fuscous, continued to inner margin as a diffused submarginal band.

Hob. Sylhet. Exp. 46 millim.

b. (Polydesma). Male with the basal area of hind wing clothed
with long silky hair on underside.

2423. Polydesma umbricola, Eoisd. Faun. Enl. Madag., Lep. p. 108,

pi. 13, fig. 5.

Polydesma laudula, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 441.
Pplydesma boarmoides, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 441 : Moore. Lep. Ceul.

ii'i, pi. 156, fig. 2; C.$8. no. 2446 (part.).
Polydesma mastrucata, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. Ill, fig. 31.
Polydesma scriptilis, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 442 ; C. fy S. no. 2449.

Brown suffused with fuscoup. Fore wing with indistinct waved
subbasal, antemedial, medial, and postmedial lines, each arising
from a black spot on the costa ; a crenulate pale submarginal line
with some fuscous suffusion inside it ; a marginal series of limulate
spots. Hind wing with indistinct antemedial and medial sinuous
lines; a crenulate submarginal pale line with fuscous suffusion
inside it ; a marginal series of lunulate spots. Underside with the
area inside the crenulate submarginal line of both wings broadly
suffused with fuscous.

Hob. W. and S. Africa; Madagascar; Formosa; throughout
India, Ceylon, and Burma; Andarnans. JErp. 50 inillim.

2424. Polydesma otiosa, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 442; C. b S. no. 2448.
Alamis brevipalpis, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1051 ; C. # S. no. 2446

(part.).

Differs from umbricola in being smaller and paler; the fuscous
suffusion on underside confined to the costal area of hind wing ;
the whole of the hind wing being silky ochreous in male.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas; Sylhet; Nilgiris. Exp. 44 inillim.

POLYDESMA. 469

B. Palpi with the 3rd joint longer.
a. Hind legs of male tufted with long hair to the extremity of the tarsi.

a'. (Felinia). Mid tibice of male with no masses of flocculent hair
contained in a fold.

2425. Polydesma spissa, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 322 ; C. $ S. no. 2706.
Briarda decens, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1098 ; Bittl. III. Het. vi. pi. 110,

fig. 6; C. 8f S. no. 2339.

Grey-brown. Fore wing with numerous indistinct waved lines ;
an antemedial waved line dentate on vein 2 and with a diffused
red-brown band inside it ; a dark line on discocellulars, with an
ill-defined brownish patch on the costa above it ; a postmedial
waved line excurved beyond the cell; a triangular patch on
costa before apex. Hind wing with the basal area ochreous ; the
outer fuscous ; a pale streak at anal angle ; cilia pale at apex and
anal angle.

Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Andamans. Exp*
42-50 millim.

2426. Polydesma praecedens, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1098 ; Butl. III. Het.

vi, pi. 110, fig. 7 ; C.&& no. 2340.
Briarda antecedens, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1099.

c?. Pale reddish brown. Fore wing with numerous indistinct
waved dark lines ; a dark brown patch on base of costa ; a waved
antemedial line ; a large subtriangular medial patch on the costa
extending to vein 2 and bounded by the postmedial line, which is
recurved round its lower end and then obsolete ; a dark apical
patch with a black streak 011 it ; a crenulate marginal line. Hind
wing fuscous ; underside with cell-spot and indistinct medial line.

5 with a dark spot on fore wing below the cell on the ante-
medial line.

Hob. " India ; " Ceylon ; Sumatra. jErp., <$ 52, $ 44 millim.

2427. Polydesma metaspila, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1032 ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. iii, pi. 154, fig. 6 ; C. $ S. no. 2296.
Ophiusa pallidilinea, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1832.
Toxocampa moola, Stoinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 459, pi. 27, fig. 10;

C. £ S. no. 2297.
Hypsetra sordida, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 414.

Ochreous brown ; the collar black. Fore wing irrorated with
dark brown ; a comma-shaped black mark above inner margin
before middle ; faint traces of the orbicular and reniform ; a post-
medial ochreous brown-edged line, with a series of fuscous marks
beyond it. Hind wing pale, with diffused medial band ; the outer
area fuscous

I fab. Poona ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Java ; Fiji. E.vp. 42 millim.

2428. Polydesma rectivitta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 353; C. $ S.

no. 1917.

$> . Differs from metaspila in being darker and less uniform in
colour ; the collar not black. Fore wing with no spot above inner

470

margin ; an indistinct lunulate oblique antemedial narrow band ;
the orbicular and reniform spots large and very indistinct ; aii
oblique narrow postmedial band with some white specks on the
veins beyond it ; an irregularly dentate submarginal line with
din0 used fuscous on its inner edge ; a marginal series of specks.
Hind wing dark fuscous ; the cilia ochreous.
Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 46 millim.

b'. (Ericia). Mid tibice of male with large masses ofjlocculent
hair contained in a fold.

2429. Polydesma inangulata, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 210 ; Mooi-e, Lep.

Ceyl. iii, pi. 156, figs. 6, 6 a ; C. Sf S. no. 2472.
Hulo'deseriophora, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 210; C. fy S. no. 2470.
Ericeia sobria, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1089.
Ophisma deticiens, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1383.
Remigia optativa, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1510.
Remigia congressa, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1510.
Remigia perfidiosa, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1511.
Remigia pertendens, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1512; C. 8f S. no. 2473.
Remigia congregata, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1847 ; C. 8f S. no. 2700.
Remigia optatura, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1848.
Remigia amanda, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1848.

§irpa aliena, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1849.
emigia comitata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1018.
Hypopyra apicalis, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 178.
Girpa fraterna, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 94, pi. 156, figs. 5, 5 a

C. 8f S. no. 2471.
Hulodes umbrosa, Wlk. Char. Undescr. Het. p. 91.

Violaceous grey, ochreous, reddish or fuscous brown, more or
less irrorated with fuscous. Pore wing with subbasal, antemedial,
medial, postmedial, and submarginal indistinct sinuous dark Hues ;
the minute orbicular and large reniform spots indistinct ; an almost

Fig. 262. — Polydesma inangulata, rf. }.

marginal series of dark specks. These markings may all be almost
obsolete or fairly prominent ; each line may be double and consist
of disjoined strigae or lunules ; inside the submarginal and medial
lines the area is often suffused with fuscous, or in the form eriophora
with ferruginous, this form having the reniform elongate, prominent,
and ferruginous ; a grey apical patch is often present in the ochreous
forms and a dark spot on the submarginal line above inner margin.
Hind wing with indistinct medial line, with crenulate line beyond it ;
a waved submarginal line and almost marginal series of dark specks ;

POLYDESMA. 471

the submarginal line often has dark suffusion inside, and in the form
eriophora there are some rufous patches on it.

In one specimen the outer area of both wings is bluish white.

Hab. Natal; China; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma;
Andamans ; Australia. Ex-p. 48-54 millim.

b. (Belciana). Hind legs of male not tufted with long Jiair.

2430. Polydesma tetraspila, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1018; C. $ S.

no. 2302.

Differs from costimacula (p. 468) in the vertex of head being grey.
Fore wing with the antemedial costal patch minute or absent, the
submarginal much further from the apex ; no dark mark on disco-
cellulars ; medial, postmedial, and submarginal faint lines more
regularly waved ; a sinuous black mark is sometimes present on the
medial line from vein 3 to inner margin and a series of specks on
postmedial line. Hind wing with very indistinct ante- and post-
medial, submarginal and marginal fuscous bands.

Hab. Simla ; Sikhiin. Exp. 48 millim.

2431. Polydesma capacior, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1634.

Yellowish brown, the head and collar fulvous. Pore wing with
traces of subbasal line ; a sinuous antemedial line ; the orbicular a
dark-ringed grey speck ; a similar speck on origin of vein 2 ; the
reniform a similar large rounded spot with some dark marks on it ;
a highly crenulate postmedial line bent inwards below end of cell ;
an irregularly sinuous submarginal pale line with fuscous suffusion
on each side of it. Hind wing with indistinct ring-spot at end of
cell ; an irregularly dentate postmedial line. Underside suffused
with orange fulvous.

In some specimens the basal and costal areas of fore wing are
suffused with brownish ochreous.

Hab. Khasis ; Singapore ; Sumatra. Exp. 48 millim.

2432. Polydesma biformis, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1671.

Pandesma hemodi, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. Ill, fig. 25; C. fy S.
no. 2442.

Head pale and dark brown, the vertex green ; thorax green, the
base of collar brown ; abdomen pale fuscous. Fore wing white,
suffused with pale bright green ; a large subbasal red-brown patch
on the costa with a black streak below it ; a white spot in cell ; an
indistinct medial line arising from a red-brown spot on the costa
and slightly excurved round cell ; traces of a lunulate white post-
medial line; a large red-brown patch \vith black inner edge occu-
pying the whole apical area and a smaller similar patch at outer
angle. Hind wing fuscous brown, the basal and inner areas pale.
Underside suffused with fuscous.

Hab. JSilgiris ; Ceylon ; Borneo. Exp. 52 millim.

2433. Polydesma eurychlora, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1670; C. $ S.

no. 2437.

Differs from biformis in the abdomen being yellow ; the hind

472

wing bright yellow ; the outer area fuscous brown, with some
whitish streaks near anal angle. Underside with broad submarginal
band to both wings.

Hob. Sikhim ; Canara ; Nilgiris. Exp. 52 millirn.

*2434. Polydesma? catocalina, Moore, Lev. Afk. p. 156. pi. 5, fig. 3 ;
C. Sf 8. no. 22o<>.

$ . Head and thorax ochreous-grey ; abdomen ochreous. Fore
wing olive-grey ; a broad basal brownish band not reaching inner
margin and outwardly bordered by a straight line; a narrow
medial waved band enclosing a large reniform spot ; a curved post-
medial line with a band beyond it, widest at costa and sending a
spur to middle of outer margin ; a marginal series of specks. Hind
wing ochreous, with a marginal brownish band narrowing to anal
angle.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 40 millim.

2435. Polydesma ornata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 23, pi. 6, fig. 3 ;
C. 8f S. no. 2438.

3 . Head and thorax clothed with rufous and dark brown scales ;
abdomen yellow, with the dorsal tufts black. Fore wing red-brown,
with large greenish-grey patches on inner basal area and on central
outer area; double-waved subbasal, ante- and postmedial lines
filled in with greenish grey, the last excurved ; the orbicular and
reniform whitish, the latter with black centre ; a greenish spot on
costa before apex. Hind wing yellow; the outer area reddish
fuscous, with a white striga near anal angle.

Hob. Bombay. Exp. 48 millim.

*2436. Polydesma thoracica, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 161, pi. 5, fig. 7 ;
C. §• S. no. 2440.

5 . Head and thorax olive-yellow ; palpi and collar chestnut ;
abdomen fuscous. Fore wing chestnut, with very ill-defined basal,
antemedial, and postmedial conjoined bands of olive-grey blotches
traversed by interrupted sinuous black lines ; the orbicular and
reniform represented by white spots ; a submarginal waved olive-
grey fascia ; a series of cilial specks. Hind wing fuscous, darkest
towards the outer margin ; a curved postmedial pale line with a
white line on it above anal angle ; a submarginal series of white
specks and a streak at anal angle; cilia tipped with white.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 58 millim.

2437. Polydesma striatovirens, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 23, pi. 6,

fig. 2 ; C. Sf S. no. 2439.

rf . Palpi pale brown ; head and thorax blue-green variegated
with brown ; abdomen yellowish fuscous. Fore wing blue-green,
evenly variegated with red-brown ; indistinct subbasal, antemedial,
postmedial, and submarginal waved black lines ; a marginal series
of black specks ; some whitish specks on costa. Hind wing fuscous,
with traces of a medial line ; the base pale ; a blue-green patch

POLYDESMA. 473

towards anal angle ; underside with cell-spot and waved postmedial
line.

Hal). Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 60 millim.

2433. Polydesma lichenoides, n. sp.

£ . Head, thorax, and abdomen pinkish ochreous ; palpi banded
with black ; collar fringed with green ; the patagia green ; abdomen
with the large medial dorsal tuft black in front and the terminal
segment black, the anal tuft ochreous. Fore wing sap-green ; a
basal black patch ; an autemedial black band, obsolescent below the
cell and with pinkish suffusion on each side of it ; a black and
white spot and pinkish patches at end of cell ; a medial black band,
obsolescent below cell ; an irregularly waved postmedial line arising
from a black patch on the costa, with some pink inside it and blue-
grey outside ; some irregular black and grey marks on outer area
from middle to outer angle ; a marginal series of black and white
specks. Hind wing pale yellow, with indistinct ante- and post-
medial lines and broad blackish marginal band with black and white
streak at anal angle ; cilia of both wings fulvous, black, and white.
Underside ochreous, irregularly banded and blotched with black.

Hob. Nagas, 6000 feet (Doherty}. Exp. 44 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

2439. Polydesma terminigera, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1850 ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. iii, pi. 149, fig. 7 ; C. $ S. no. 1817.

2 . Head and thorax whitish ; abdomen pale fuscous. Fore
wing pale red-brown, with indistinct waved subbasal and antemedial,
sinuous postmedial, and dentate submarginal lines ; a large white
triangular patch from costa before middle to base and outer angle
on inner margin ; a white apical costal patch, crossed by the post-
medial and submarginal lines. Hind wing pale, with indistinct
postmedial fuscous line and marginal band.

Hxb. Poona ; Canara ; Ceylon ; Sylhet ; Karen Hills. Exp.
36 millim.

SECT. II. Antennae of male fasciculated.

A. (Oromena). Male witli the apex of fore winy not truncate.

2440. Polydesma relinquenda, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1802 ; C. $ S. no.

2436.

£ . Dark fuscous reddish, suffused with grey. Tore wing with
indistinct pale waved subbasal, antemedial, and postmedial lines ;
traces of small orbicular and reniform spots ; a submarginal series
of whitish lunules. Hind wing pale ; the outer area darker, with
marginal series of white specks.

Hal. Sikhim ; Mergui. E.vp. 50 millim.

2441 . Polydesma commutanda, Warr. A . M. N. II. (6) vii, 1 891, p. 426.
Oromena reliquenda, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 100 (nee relinqueiida,

Wlk.).

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale red-brown. Fore wing

474

golden-olive suffused with black, with a large white patch on the
basal area and white postmedial band ; indistinct subbasal and
antemedial waved black lines, interrupted by the white patch ; the
reniform ill-defined and blackish ; a series of blackish lunules,
irrorated with white beyond the postmedial white band ; a submar-
ginal series of black and white lunules. Hind wing orange-yellow ;
a sinuous postmedial black line ; the outer area black, with a white
streak at anal angle.

Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 56 millim.

B. (Coptoplax).' Male with the apex of fore wing truncate, the trun-
cate margin being bent over on the upper surface of tJie wing ;
the veins towards apex distorted.

2442. Polydesma lindsayi, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 127, pi. 154, fig. 17.

c? . Differs from commutanda in being much darker ; the abdomen
dark brown. Fore wing without white markings ; the area between
the subbasal and antemedial lines blackish, irrorated with white.
Hab. Mlgiris. Exp. 54 millim.

Genus HOMOPTERA.

Homoptera, Boisd. Icon. Reg. Anim. p. 522 (1829).
Alarms, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 3 (1852).
Dugaria, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1075 (1857).
Mcepa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 915 (1865).

Type, H. lunata, Drury, from N. America.

Eange. Nearctic, Neotropical, Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australian
regions.

Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd rather
short ; antennae of male with short fasciculate cilia ; metathorax
with a slight tuft ; abdomen with prominent dorsal tufts ; tibia of
male heavily clothed with hair ; the mid tibia3 spined.

La-rvce with four pairs of abdominal prolegs, the first two pairs
aborted or rudimentary.

SECT. I. (Alamis). Male with the greater part of the underside
of fore and hind wings clothed with silky hair.

2443. Homoptera umbrina, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 4; C. fy S. no. 2455.
Alamis albicincta, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 4.

Alamis hypophsea, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 4 ; C. 8f S. no. 2453.
Alamis continua, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 877 ; Forsayeth, Trans. Ent.

Soc. 1884, p. 412, pi. 15, fig. 9 (larva) ; C. $ & no. 2451.
Homoptera detersa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 888 ; C. fy S. no. 2461.
Homoptera plumipes, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 888 ; C. fy S. no. 2463.
Alamis yendola, Sivinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 150.

Dark red-brown. Fore wing with sinuous subbasal and ante-
medial black lines and numerous indistinct waved reddish lines on
basal half of wing ; a sinuous postmedial black line, excurved beyond
cell and slightly angled at veins 4 and 6, with an irregular fuscous
black band beyond it; an indistinct irregular fuscous submarginal

HOMOPTEEA. 475

line. Hind wing with numerous fuscous waved lines and a sinuous
postrnedial black line.

The form albicincta has the area beyond the antemedial line of
fore wing and the outer area prominently suffused with white ;
other specimens have the fore wing suffused with fuscous as far as
the submarginal line.

Larva green, the dorsal area whitish ; a yellow line dividing the
eyes ; a yellow lateral line with blue specks on it ; the 1st pair of
abdominal prolegs aborted, the 2nd pair rudimentary.

Hob. Throughout India. Exp., <$ 30-38, $ 38-48 millini.

SECT. II. (Dugaria). Male with no silky scales on underside of
fore wing ; hind wing with only the subcostal area so
clothed, more especially towards apex.

2444. Homoptera glaucinans, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 6 ; Hmpsn. III. Het.

ix, pi. 165, figs. 1, 7, 15 ; C. # 8. no. 2452.
Alamis tigilla, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 6.
Alamis mendax, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1047.

Homoptera infiigens, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1068 ; C. fy S. no. 2454.
Homoptera solita. Wlk, Cat. xiii, p. 1068 ; Forsayeth, Trans. Ent.

Soc. 1884, p. 411, pi. 14, fig. 9 (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2466.
Dugaria cilipes, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1076.
Homoptera delineosa, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1798.
Homoptera disjuncta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 885.
Homoptera antica, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 887 ; C. $ S. no. 2458.
Hypogramma validula, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 898 ; C. Sf S.

no. 2400.

Differs from umbrina in the fore wing having the sinuous lines
on basal half very numerous, fine, and inwardly oblique ; the post-
medial line oblique below vein 4. Hind wing with the lines
numerous, fine, and oblique ; the postmedial line oblique and arising

Fig. 263. — Homoptera gliucinans, c?. \.

from apex. Underside with the silky hair towards apex of hind
wing in male fuscous.

Both wings may be much suffused and blotched with fuscous, and
the postmedial line may be black and prominent or indistinct ; in the
form disjuncta = antica there is a diffused white medial Y-shaped band
to fore wing, whilst in another form the medial area of fore wing is
black.

Larva with the two anterior pairs of abdominal prolegs aborted;
pale green, \vith broad yellow lateral stripe.

Hab. Congo ; S. Africa ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
J ava. Escp. 36-42 millim.

476 XOCTUIDJE.

SECT. III. (Homoptera}. Male with no silky scales on
underside of either wing.

2445. Homoptera albidens, wik. Otf.xxxiii, p. 916; C. fyS.no. 2423.

c? . Rufous-brown. Fore \ving with indistinct subbasal line ;
slightly sinuous anteinedial line ; reniform with a few wThite scales
round it ; a sinuous postmedial line excurved beyond cell, and with
a narrow white band beyond it ; a marginal limulate line. Hind
wing with the basal and costal areas pale, the rest of the wing
suffused with rufous, especially on each side of the nearly straight
postmedial black line ; a crenulate marginal black line.

Hob. Coimbatore. Exp. 30 inillim.

2446. Homoptera vinosa, n. sp.

5 . Differs from albidens in being much darker and suffjsecl
with purple; abdomen dorsally suffused with black. Fore wing
with the basal area darkest; indistinct double antemedial and
medial waved black lines ; a white speck in cell ; the reniform
greenish and elongate ; a double postmedial line angled beyond
the cell ; a triangular dark mark with white edges on the costa
before apex, which is suffused with white ; two black subinarginal
spots; a large patch of white suffusion on inner half of outer
area. Hind wing fuscous, with slight white marks on vein 2 ; a
marginal series of white specks ; the cilia fuscous ; underside
suffused with pink, and with a black cell-spot and crenulate medial
and postmedial lines.

Hab. Nagas, 6000 feet (Doherty). Exp. 26 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

Genus PANILLA.

Panilla, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 93 (1884).
Caduca, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 96.

Type, P. dispila, Wlk.

Range. Throughout India and Ceylon ; Sumatra.

Palpi obliquely porrect, fringed with long hair below,- and with
long hair from their base, the 3rd joint minute ; antennae ciliated
in male ; metathorax with a slight tuft ; abdomen with dorsal
tufts at base; tibiae fringed with long hair in male, and without
spines ; coxae of fore legs with long tufts of hair. Fore wing
short, the apex rounded.

2447. Panilla dispila, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 890 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,
pi. 156, fig. 12 ; C.fy S. no. 2469.

Bright red-brown. Fore wing with indistinct curved waved
antemedial, medial, and postmedial dark lines arising from black
spots on the costa, the last with a black patch beyond it at centre ;
traces of a pale waved submarginal line ; a marginal series of
black specks, with a spot at centre of margin ; some black specks
on costa towards apex. Hind wing with antemedial and medial

PANTLLA. — MELIPOTIS. 477

sinuous dark lines ; traces of a pale waved submarginal line ; a
marginal series of black specks.

Fig. 2Q4.—Panilla dispila, rf. \.

The form from the N.W. Himalayas is large, with a prominent
black triangular patch on the costa of fore wing before apex.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas; Poona ; Nilgiris; Ceylon. Exp. 26-
34 millim.

2448. Panilla albopunctata, Wik. Cat. xiii, p. 1068 ; a $ S. no. 2457.
Alamis meleagris, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. Ill, fig. 32 ; C. $ S. no. 2456.

Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with dark red-brown, grey,
and fuscous scales. Fore wing dark red-brown suffused with
grey, which covers the whole of the wing except the costal and
outer areas, which are irrorated with grey ; indistinct waved sub-
basal, antemedial, and medial lines ; orbicular small, dark, and
elongate ; reniforin prominent, with some grey on it ; a dentate
postinedial line and indistinct submarginal line ; a marginal series
of dark specks. Hind wing red-brown ; some grey at base ; an
indistinct medial line and dentate postmedial ; the whole outer
area except apex covered with white spots and short waved striae ;
a series of black specks on margin.

Nab. " N. India ; " Ceylon. Exp. 40 millim.

Genus MELIPOTIS.

Melipotis, Hiibn. Zutr. i, p. 17 (1806-1818).
Anumeta, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1769 (1858).
Palpangula, Stand. Stett. Ent. Zeit. xl, p. 324 (1879).

Type, M.jiicunda, Hiibn., from N. America.

Range. Nearctic region ; Europe ; Central Asia ; N. W. Hima-
layas ; Sind.

Palpi with the 2nd joint obliquely upturned and reaching vertex
of head, the 3rd long and porrect ; antennae with short fasci-
culated cilia in male. Thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ;
mid and hind tibiae with medial and terminal tufts of long spinous
hairs. Fore wing with the apex somewhat quadrate.

SECT. I. (Anumeta}. Fore, mid, and hind tibiae with the
spinous tufts immensely developed.

2449. Melipotis atrosignata, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1770; C. $ S.
no. 2190.

Head, thorax, and abdomen grey. Fore wing yellowish grey

478

suffused with fuscous ; antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal
waved lines with pale edges ; a series of marginal specks. Hind
wing white, with diffused ante- and postmedial fuscous band ; the

Fig. 265. — Melipotis atrosiynata, <$ . |.

apex fuscous ; a large black spot near middle of outer margin ; a
dark marginal line.

Hob. Hyderabad, Sind. Exp. 34 millim.

SECT. II. (Melipotis). Mid and hind tibiae with slight spinous
tufts ; fore tibiae without the tufts.

2450. Melipotis cashmirensis, n. sp.

cJ . Head and thorax brown, irrorated with grey ; abdomen pale
brown. Pore wing brown, thickly suffused with grey ; a medial
white band, bounded inwardly by a clurk brown line and outwardly
by a postmedial line much excurved beyond cell, especially beyond
lower angle, to which it is sharply excurved ; a dark line on disco-
cellulars ; a nearly straight submarginal indistinct pale line. Hind
wing brown, with the interspaces of basal area whitish ; a white
spot on outer margin at vein 2 ; the cilia white.

Hob. Kashmir (McArihur). Exp. 38 millim. Type in coll.
Leech.

SECT. III. Male with large tufts of hair on inner side of palpi
on 2nd and 3rd joints ; tibiae with the tufts slight. Hind
wing with a patch of differently formed scales in base of cell,
and a tuft of hair from base of costal nervure on upperside.

2451. Melipotis fulviceps, n. sp.

Dark fuscous brown, with a bronze tinge ; head and legs
bright orange-yellow; the tufts on palpi of male black. Fore
wing slightly irrorated with grey ; some white specks on costa
towards apex, and a series on outer margin. Hind wing paler.

Hob. Simla (Harford). Exp. 32 millim. Type in B. M.

Genus GNAMPTOGYIA, nov.

Type, G. multilineata, Hmpsn.
Range. N.W. Himalayas.

Palpi upturned, smoothly scaled, and reaching just above vertex
of head ; antennae long and thick, with fasciculated cilia in male ;

GNAMPTOGYIA. — LYNCESTIS. 470

thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ; hind tibi« much distorted
and bent, the terminal pair of spurs minute. Fore wing with the
apex acute.

2452. Gnamptogyia mnltilineata, n. sp.

^ . White, thickly irrorated with

i^\ j, brown scales. Fore wing with nume-

^ /f\\ rous oblique lines from near apex to
inner margin ; the outer area fuscous,
its inner edge rufous. Hind wing
crossed by numerous oblique lines ;
the outer area fuscous, its inner
rufous.

millim. Type in B. M.

Genus LYNCESTIS.
Lyncestis, Wlk. Cat. xi, p. 632 (1857).
Jarasana, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 132 (1882).

Type, L. amphix, Cram.

Range. Nearctic region ; Jamaica ; India.

Palpi upturned and reaching vertex of head, the 2nd joint
roughly scaled ; antenna minutely ciliated in male ; very slight
tufts on metathorax and on proximal segments of abdomen.
Fore wing somewhat narrow; the apex rounded ; the cilia crenu-
late. Tibia3 without spines and moderately hairy.

2453. Lyncestis amphix, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 134, C ; C. $ S.

no. 2333.
Jarasana lativitta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 132 ; C. $ S. no. 2338.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen grey ; a black line on collar.
Fore wing grey, with faint traces of numerous waved and dentate
lines ; some black specks at lower angle of cell and a series on

Fig. 267. — Lyncestis amphix, $ . \.

outer margin. Hind wing opalescent white, with a broad black
marginal band from the apex to vein 2.

Hab. Benares ; Karachi ; Poona ; Nilgiris. Exp. 38 millim.

2454. Lyncestis unilinea, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 452, pi. 27,
fig. 7 ; C. fy S. no. 2140.

9 . Differs from amphix in being browner grey. Fore wing

480 NOCTUIDJE.

with a black fascia from the base below the cell to outer margin at
vein 3 ; the marginal specks more prominent. Hind wing with
the margin and veins near it tinged with fuscous instead of a
marginal band.

Hab. Poona ; Ahinedabad. Exp. 42 inillim.

Genus GNAMPTONYX, nov.

Type, G. vilis, Wlk.

Range. Aden ; N.W. India.

Palpi short and obliquely upturned, the 2nd joint roughly
scaled, the 3rd minute. Antennas fasciculated in male. Thorax and
abdomen smooth. Fore tibia with a pair of long crooked terminal
spines ; mid tibia spined and clothed above with large recumbent
scales. Pore wing somewhat quadrate at apex.

2455. Gnamptonyx vilis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 880 ; C. $ S. no. 2468.

Pale ochreous brown. Pore
wing more or less suffused
with fuscous; slightly waved
ante- and postmedial dark
lines, the latter excurved be-
yond the cell ; a pale medial
Fig. 268.— Gnamptonyx vilis, tf. \. band and patch beyond the

cell often present ; an irre-
gularly waved ochreous submarginal line. Hind wing with post-
inedial dark line and waved ochreous submarginal line. Underside
almost uniform whitish.

Hab. Aden ; Punjab. Exp. 32-36 inillim.

Genus PSEUDOPHIA.

Pseudophia, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 234 (1852).

Type, P. illunaris, Hiibn., from Europe.

Range. Nearctic and Pala3arctic regions ; Aden ; N.W. India.

Differs from Gnamptonyx in the palpi having the 3rd joint
longer ; the fore tibia without the crooked spines ; the mid tibia
without the large scales ; the mid and hind tibiae spined.

2456. Pseudophia benenotata, Warr. P. Z. S. 3888, p. 313 ; C. $ S.
no. 2440 A.

<3 . Pale grey. Pore wing with indistinct subbasal and ante-
medial dark lines; the reniforrn brownish, with dark edges; an
indistinct postmedial line, excurved beyond the cell ; a pale waved
submarginal line, with brown inner edge; a crenulale marginal
line. Hind wing pale brownish fuscous, the cilia whitish.

Hab. Egypt ; Eawal Pindi. Exp. 30 millim.

PSEUDOPHIA. — CATEPHIA. 481

2457. Pseudophia indecisa, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 829 ; C. $ 8. no. 1884.
Caradrirm sabulosa, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 516, pi. 47, fig. 6 ;

C. $ S. no. 2114.

Brownish ochreous. Fore
wing with waved subbasal, ante-
medial, postmedial, and sub-
marginal lines ; the postmedial
highly excurved beyond the cell,

Fig. 2W.-Pseudophia indeed, rf. |. ^ 'irregularly recurved to its

lower angle ; a dark mark on

discocellulars ; a series of marginal white specks ; the medial and
outer areas often suffused with fuscous. Hind wing white, the
apical area fuscous. Underside white, with the outer area of fore
wing and apex of hind wing fuscous.

Hab. Aden; Murree ; Campbellpur. Exp. 25-32 millim.

2458. Pseudophia devia, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 520, pi. 48, fig. 3;

C. # S. no. 2441.

£ . Brownish grey. Pore wing with very indistinct subbasal,
ante- and postmedial waved lines ; the orbicular and reniform in-
distinct ; a very irregular submarginal pale line with some blackish
marks on it ; some marginal pale specks. Hind wing with broad
black postmedial band and some fuscous on outer margin. Under-
side whitish, with submarginal fuscous band to each wing with
waved outer edge.

Hab. Karachi. Exp. 45 millim.

2459. Pseudophia infrequens, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 517, pi. 47,

fig. 11; C. $ S. no. 1916.

$ . Sandy-brown. Eore wing with faint traces of the reniform ;
antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal lines. Hind wing browner,
with the cilia pale. Underside pale, slightly darker towards outer
margin.

Hab. Hyderabad, Sind ; Karachi. Exp. 30 millim.

Genus CATEPHIA.

Catephia, Ochs. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 94 (1816).
Aedia, Hubn. Verz. p. 260 (1818).
Anophia, Guen. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. x, p. 81 (1841).
Zarima, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 162 (1882).

Type, C. alchemista, Schiff, from Europe.

Range. Europe ; S. African subregion and Oriental and Aus-
tralian regions.

Palpi smooth and reaching just above vertex of head ; thorax
hairy ; abdomen with dorsal tufts and ridges of scales on proximal
segments ; tibiae hairy and without spines. Eore wing with the
apex nearly rectangular.

VOL. II. 2 I

482 NOCTUID^E.

SECT. I. (Catephia}. Antennae of male almost simple.

A. Fore legs in male iviih thick tufts of scales from coxce, and very
long fringe of hair from femora and tibice.

2460. Catephia linteola, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 44 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii,
pi. 159, fig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 2347.

Head and thorax black and dark red-brown with a purplish
gloss ; abdomen black. Fore wing red-brown more or less suf-
fused with black ; a short subbasal line ; waved antemedial, medial,

Fig. 270.— Catephia linteola, <$. \.

and postmedial lines, the last highly angled outwards beyond end
of cell ; a small black spot or ring-spot in cell and indistinct reni-
form spot with ring-spot below it ; traces of an irregularly waved
submarginal line ; the apex irrorated with white. Hind wing
black, with a broad pure white medial band not reaching inner
margin ; the apex white, and some white submarginal spots more
or less developed towards anal angle.

Hob. S. Africa ; Madagascar ; throughout India, Ceylon, and
Burma; Borneo; Australia; Marshall Islands. Exp. 56-66 millim.

B. Fore leg of male without the tufts of scales and long fringes.

2461. Catephia flavescens, Butl. Ill Het. vii, p. 74, pi. 131, fig. 12.
Head and collar ochreous ; thorax rufous suffused with black ;

abdomen blackish. Fore wing ochreous, with subbasal, antemedial,

ntmedial, and submarginal waved lines, the postmedial excurved
u ond the cell ; the orbicular and reniforrn large with dark out-
lines ; dark patches on costa at centre and at apex ; the inner
area blackish, with some blue scales near outer angle. Hind wing
yellowish, with the outer area black-brown, leaving the apex
yellow.

Hob. Dharmsala ; Sikhim. Exp. 38 millim.

2462. Catephia acronyctoides, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 47 ; C.fy S. no. 2352.
Anophia olivescens, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 48, pi. 14, fig. 11 ; C. 8f S.

no. 2355.

Anophia discistriga, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1128.
Anophia epundoides, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 917 ; C. $ S. no. 2354.

CATEPHIA. 483

Fuscous ; the thorax and fore wing suffused with olive or white.
Eore wing with indistinct subbasal and waved antemedial lines ;
traces of orbicular, reniform, and claviform spots ; a postmedial
double waved line slightly excurved beyond cell; traces of an
irregular submarginal line ; a marginal series of black specks.
Hind wing pure white ; the inner margin suffused with fuscous ;
the outer half of wing black, with white patches at apex and anal
angle. Underside of fore wing with the basal two thirds white,
with spot at end of cell.

In acronyctoides the suffusion is white, the reniform and a patch
above it more or less white ; in olivescens the suffusion is olive ; in
discistriga from Africa and a Sikhim specimen the white area of
the hind wing is reduced, and in this and the Australian form the
white patches at apex and anal angle are often obsolete. In a
form from Dharmsala the colour is blackish without olive or grey
suffusion, the postmedial line of fore wing more angled beyond
cell, and with no white patches at apex and anal angle of hind
wing.

Hardly separable from the European leucomelas, Linn.

Hcih. W. and S. Africa ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
Andamans ; Java ; Australia. Exp. 40 millim.

2463. Catephia dulcistriga, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1811.
Anophia longinquua, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 233.

Differs from acronyctoides in the fore wing being shorter and
broader, the thorax and fore wing variegated with pale brown ; the
reniform spot whitish. Hind wing with the white conOned to a
round patch at end of cell ; the cilia white at apex and anal angle.

Hob. S. Africa ; Sikhim ; Rangoon. Exp. 25-30 millim.

2464. Catephia diphtheroides, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 118, pi. 159,

fig. 6 ; C.$S. no. 2353.

£ . Head and thorax silvery grey variegated with fuscous and
black ; the abdomen fuscous. Eore wing silvery grey ; subbasal,
antemedial, and postmedial waved black lines and dentate sub-
marginal line ; indistinct antemedial, medial, and postmedial sub-
sidiary lines ; the orbicular, reniform, and claviform grey spots
with black outlines ; a marginal series of black specks. Hind wing
with the base white ; the inner area and outer half fuscous, with
white patches at apex and anal angle.

Hal. Ceylon. Exp. 40 millim.

C. Male with lateral tufts of hair from near base of abdomen and
immensely developed anal tufts ; legs fringed with long hair,
but without tufts ; antennce moderately ciliated ; inner margin
of hind wing with large tufts of hair.

2465. Catephia thricophora, n. sp.

cT . Palpi purplish ; vertex of head, collar, and patagia dark
green ; thorax and abdomen ochreous brown, the latter with the

2i2

484 NOCTUID.E.

lateral tufts pale and the anal tufts ochreous and black. Fore
wing fuscous ; the basal area suffused with vinous purple, the rest
with dark green ; indistinct waved black ante- and postmedial
lines, the latter excurved beyond cell ; some ochreous streaks on
the veins at end of cell ; a dark brown diffused subapical spot and
small ochreous streak above centre of margin. Hind wing black
with the subbasal area pure white, the cilia greenish.

Hob. Mergui (Doherty). Exp. 42 millim. Type in coll. Druce.

SECT. II. Antennae of male fasciculated.

2466. Catephia perdicipennis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 162, pi. 5, fig. 18 ;

C. 8f S. no. 2356.

c? . Head and thorax pale purplish fuscous variegated with olive-
green ; abdomen fuscous, with the dorsal tufts olive. Fore wing
pale purplish fuscous ; the costa olive ; a short subbasal line with
rufous spot inside it ; a waved antemedial double line filled in with
olive, and writh a black striga inside it at inner margin ; the orbi-
cular, reniform, and claviform pinkish with dark and olive outlines ;
a double postmedial black line filled in with olive, very highly
excurved beyond cell, and with a black streak from it to centre of
outer margin ; some slight subapical dentate marks. Hind wing
with the base white ; the outer half fuscous ; underside with cell-
spot and crenulate postmedial line.
Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 32 millim.

SECT. III. Antennas of male bipectinate, the branches very short.

2467. Catephia inquieta, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 340.
Anophia mosara, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 413.

Fuscous black slightly tinged with red-brown. Fore wing with
the subbasal, antemedial, postmedial, and submarginal lines in-
distinct; the orbicular, reniform, and claviform indistinct, the
reniform large and pale in parts ; a pale fascia on vein 2 from
the cell to postmedial line. Hind wing white; the outer half
fuscous, or with slight suffusion on outer area and dark marginal
line.

Hob. S. Africa ; Sind ; Alibag, near Bombay ; Ceylon. Exp. 32
millim.

SECT. IV. (Zarima). Antennas of male bipectinate, the branches

long.

2468. Catephia dentifera, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 162, pi. 5, fig. 19 ;

C. Sf S. no. 2357.

S • Head olive and rufous ; thorax rufous, with olive patch on
patagia ; abdomen fuscous, the base and anal tuft rufous. Fore
wing dark red-brown ; an olive fascia on inner area ; the base
variegated with olive ; the subbasal, antemedial, and curved post

MOSARA. — AECTE. 485

medial lines indistinct, the last with some olive beyond it ; an
indistinct pale submarginal line ; a marginal series of black specks ;
cilia olive with brown tips. Hind wing with the base white ; the
outer area fuscous brown ; the cilia pale with a dark line through
them ; underside with cell-spot and crenulate postmedial line.
Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 36 millim.

Genus MOSARA.
Mosara, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1032 (1855).

Type, M. apicalis, Wlk.

Range. Western India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Borneo.

Palpi upturned, reaching above vertex of head; antennas bi-
pectinated ; thorax hairy ; abdomen with slight dorsal tufts ; the
male with large lateral and anal tufts ; tibiae without spines and
strongly tufted. Fore wing short and broad ; the apex rounded ;
the inner margin lobed near base, and with a slight tooth of scales
at outer angle. Hind wing of male with a ridge and fold on
underside running from centre of costa to lower angle of cell and
thence to centre of outer margin.

2469. Mosara apicalis, Wlk. Cat. v, p. 1032 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 159, figs. 3, 3 a ; C. $ S. no. 2351.
Anophia lateralis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 917.

Head and thorax dark red-brown ; abdomen pale, with the
lateral and anal tufts fulvous. Fore wing dark red-brown ; a

Fig. 271. — Mosara apicalis, <$. \.

chocolate spot at base ; an indistinct curved antemedial line ; the
renif orm indistinct, with a white speck on it ; a curved submarginal
pale line, with an indistinct crenulate line inside it ; some sub-
apical dark spots, and one at centre of outer margin. Hind wing
with the basal half pale, the outer fuscous.

Hob. Poona ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Moulinein ; Rangoon ; Borneo.
23, $ 32 millim.

Genus ARCTE.

Arete, Koll. HilgeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 477 (1844).
Cocytodes, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 41 (1852).

Type, A. polygrapha, Koll.

Range. W. Indies ; Africa ; the Oriental region to the New
Hebrides and Fiji.

486 NOCTUIDJE.

Palpi upturned and reaching vertex of head, the 3rd joint short ;
antennae quite simple ; thorax and abdomen clothed with long
hair, the latter in male with a strongly ridged chitinous rasp on
centre of dorsum of penultimate segment, probably played on by
the strong chitinous spurs of the hind legs ; tibiae fringed with
long hair.

SECT. I. Mid and hind tibiae spined ; hind wing of male with
the inner margin fringed with long hair.

2470. Arete caerulea, Guen. Noct. in, p. 41, pi. 13, fig. 10; C. $ S,
no. 2342 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, pi. 176, tig. 5 (larva).

Head black ; thorax vinous red-brown ; pectus white ; abdomen
bluish fuscous, with a white tuft in male below the claspers.

Fig. 272.— Arete ccmdea, S - V-

Fore wing brown suffused with black, except the costal area as
far as the postmedial line and the apical area, and irrorated with
a few bluish- white scales ; a short almost basal line ; two black
subbasal patches ; an oblique waved antemedial line ; a black spot
in cell and two lunules at end of it ; a lunulate postmedial line
angled beyond lower end of cell ; traces of a pale waved sub-
marginal line. Hind wing black, with a bright blue patch on
disk ; a maculate postmedial band and patch near anal angle.

Larva black ; the somites with transverse dorsal white bars
each enclosing a black line ; stigmata ochreous, black-ringed, and
with some red round them, situated on white patches, from near
the top of each of which springs a white hair ; an interspiracular
disconnected white line; a broader spiracular line with a black
spot, from which springs a white hair below each spiracle ; a broad
ventral white band ; the llth somite humped and black above ;
the extremity orange above spotted with black ; head and somites
with sparse long white hairs.

Hob, Japan ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java ;
New Hebrides ; New Caledonia ; Fiji. Exp. 84 millim.

AECTE. — CTCLODES. 487

SECT. II. Mid and hind tibiae not spined ; male with the inner
margin of hind wing not fringed with long hair.

2471. Arete polygrapha, Koll. HugeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 478.

Differs from ccerulea in the thorax being clothed with red-
brown pale-tipped hairs ; abdomen greyish, with black rings.
Fore wing with patches of white scales on the subbasal patches
and in cell ; the antemedial line curved ; no black spot in cell, the
postmedial line double and exceedingly sinuous ; a series of black
submarginal patches ; a marginal black line.

Hob. Simla ; Kashmir ; Sikhim. Exp. 92 millim.

2472. Arete taprobana, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. Hi, p. 113, pi. 160, fig. 1 ;

C. fy S. no. 2346.

Arete nigrescens, Butt. III. Het. vi, p. 38, pi. 110, fig. 8; C. $ S.
no. 2345.

Differs from ccerulea in the antemedial line of fore wing being
waved ; the postmedial line regularly curved ; a marginal series of
black and fulvous specks. Hind wing with an obscure double
postmedial series of small blue spots developed only towards inner
margin, and a more developed submarginal series replacing the
bright blue markings.

In the form taprobana from Ceylon, the ground-colour of fore
wing is yellow-brown slightly suffused with fuscous ; in nigrescens
from Sikhim it is wholly dark except the apical area.

Hal. Sikhirn ; Ceylon. Exp. 80-84 millim.

2473. Arete modesta, Van der Hoev. Tijd. Nat. Gesch. vii, p. 282,

pi. 7, fig. 8; C. % S. no. 2344.
Arete semca, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 113, fig. 2.
Cocytodes immodesta, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 42.
Cocytodes granulata, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 42 ; C. 8f S. no. 2343.

Differs from taprobana in the basal black patch of fore wing
being larger, the antemedial line regularly curved ; the postmedial
line angled beyond the cell. Hind wing with single postmedial
series of blue spots and indistinct marginal series. Underside
with the margin of both wings suffused with pale blue ; hind wing
with two medial series of pale blue blotches.

Hob. Sikhim; Assam; Java. Exp. 86 millim.

Genus CYCLODES.

Cyclodes, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 26 (1852).
Beregra, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1315 (1858).

Type, C. omma, Van der Hoev.

Range. Sikhim ; Assam ; S. India ; Ceylon ; Java.

Palpi smoothly scaled, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head,
the 3rd minute ; antennae quite simple ; thorax hairy ; abdomen
with strong ridges of coarse hair ; tibiae slightly hairy and without

488

spines. Fore wing with the apex nearly rectangular ; the outer
margin obliquely rounded. Hind wing with vein 5 from above
angle of cell.

2474. Cyclodes omma, Van der Hoev. Tijd. Nat. Gesch. vii, p. 281 , pi. 7,
figs, a, b; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 160, tig. 7 j C. $ S. no. 2573.
Beregra replenens, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1315.

Head, thorax, and abdomen clothed with pale red-brown and
grey hair. Fore wing pale golden brown with green reflexions ;
the outer area whitish ; the apical area irrorated with purplish ;

Fig. 273. — Ci/clodes omma, (j1. \.

a metallic-blue ring-spot below costa embraced by the double
sinuous antemedial line ; indistinct sinuous medial, postmedial, and
submarginal lines, the first angled at lower end of cell, the second
dentate from costa to vein 3 ; an almost marginal series of dark
striae. Hind wing greyish fuscous ; a curved postmedial white
band with a dark line on it ; some blue marks with a whitish band
beyond them towards anal angle ; the apical area blackish ; a
marginal whitish band defined by brown lines. Underside with
an indistinct lunulate postmedial pale line and traces of submar-
ginal line, blackish towards costa of each wing.

Hob. Sikhim ; Assam ; Travancore ; Ceylon ; Java, Exp. 60-
72 millim.

Genus MITHILA.
Mithila, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 156 (1882).

Type, M. liclienosa, Moore.

Range. Sikhim.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head and
thickly scaled, the 3rd of moderate length ; antennas ciliated in
male ; thorax with a slight tuft behind collar and paired tufts on
metathorax ; abdomen with dorsal tufts on first three segments,

MITHILA. — COAKICA. 489

that on third largest ; legs very heavily clothed with hair. Fore
wing with the apex rounded. Hind wing with vein 5 from below
centre of discocellulars.

2475. Mithila lichenosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 157 ; C. $ S. no. 2262.

Olive-green, irrorated with grey scales. Fore wing with indis-
tinct double waved subba-sal, antemedial, and postmedial black

Fig. 274. — Mithila lichenosa, <$ . \.

lines, and single medial and submarginal lines ; a grey spot in end
of cell and patch at apex ; a marginal series of black specks.
Hind wing dark brown, the cilia red-brown ; underside with cell-
spot and oblique postmedial line.
Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 42 inillim.

Genus COARICA.
Coarica, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 153 (1882).

Type, C. fasdata, Moore.

Range. Himalayas.

Palpi upturned, slender, and smoothly scaled, the 2nd joint
reaching just above vertex of head, the 3rd of moderate length ; a
sharp frontal tuft ; antennae simple ; thorax with a very high
sharp crest ; abdomen with large dorsal tufts of spatulate scales
on the 2nd and 3rd segments. Fore wing with the apex slightly
acute. Hind wing with vein 5 from below centre of disco-
cellulars.

2476. Coarica fasciata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 153, pi. 5, fig. 1 ; C. $ S.

no. 2247.

$ . Head grey and brown ; thorax and abdomen pale red-brown ;

Fig. 275. — Coarica fasciata,

the collar outlined with grey. Fore wing pale red-brown, with
oblique antemedial black line from median nervure to inner

490

margin ; a white speck in cell ; a postmedial broad chocolate band,
ill-defined on inner side, outwardly edged by a fine white line
excurved beyond cell, and sending long teeth inwards on median
nervure and vein 1 ; a broken submarginal sinuous black line.
Hind wing pale fuscous, with slight black marks near anal angle.
Hob. Murree ; Sikhim. Exp. 40 millirn.

Genus SPHINGOMORPHA.

Sphin^omorpha, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 220 (1852).

Type, S. chlorea, Cram.

Range. Africa ; Aden ; throughout the Indian region ; Java.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, smoothly
scaled and somewhat thickened, the 3rd long and very slender ;
antennae of male with slight fasciculated cilia on underside ; thorax
and abdomen smoothly scaled ; the tibiae fringed with hair ; the
fore tibiae clothed with tufts of immensely long hair in male.
Fore wing long and narrow ; the costa arched before the apex ;
the outer margin obliquely rounded, with the cilia crenulate.
Hind wing with the outer margin excised from vein 2 to anal
angle.

2477. Sphingomorpha chlorea, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 104, fig. C ;

C. 8f S. no. 2593.

Sphingomorpha sipyla, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 222, pi. 21, fig. 4.
Sphingomorpha monteironis, Butl. A. M. N. H. (4) xvi, p. 406.

Head ochreous white, the basal joint of palpi dark brown ; thorax
dark brown above, with a broad ochreous-white stripe on vertex ;

Fig. 276. — Sphingom&rpha chlorea, <$ . \.

abdomen dark brown above, with a series of dorsal ochreous-white
spots. JFore wing red-brown with dark striae ; a pale patch at
base of inner margin ; an indistinct antemedial angulate line, an
irregularly waved medial line with pale outer edge, and sometimes
tinged with purple and rufous ; some vinous patches beyond it ;

SPHINGOMORPHA. — LACERA. 491

the reniforui a narrow lunule with a vinous dash beyond it ; a
crenulate postmedial line with three medial black lunules on it
and one towards inner margin, and joined by a crenulate line from
near apex ; a marginal series of black specks. Hind wing fuscous
brown, the base and a diffused medial irregular band pale ; an
ochreous patch with black striae on it at centre of outer margin ;
the cilia pale. Underside pale, with fuscous submarginal band
towards inner margin of each wing.

Hob. Africa ; Aden ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma.
Exp. 60-84 millim.

Genus LACERA.
Lacera, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 336 (1852).

Type, L. alope, Cram.

Range. Neotropical, Ethiopian, and Oriental regions ; Japan.

Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd short ;
antennae of male minutely ciliated ; thorax and abdomen clothed
with coarse hair ; tibiae very heavily tufted with hair. Fore wing
with the apex arched and somewhat acute ; the outer margin
angled at centre ; the cilia crenulate. Hind wing with the cilia
crenulate ; the margin produced to slight points at veins 4 and 6.

Larvce with four pairs of abdominal prolegs, the first two pairs
aborted.

2478. Lacera alope, Cram. Pap. Rvot. iii, pi. 286, E, F ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. iii, pi. 173, figs. 1, 1 a (larva) ; C. fy S. no. 2756.
Lacera capella, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 337.
Lacera procellosa, Butt. A. M. N. H. (5) iv, p. 368.

Dark reddish brown slightly irrorated with grey. Fore wing with
traces of subbasal line ; a curved slightly dentate antemedial black

Fig. 277. — Lacera alope, $ . \.

line ; an obscure reniform spot with an indistinct figure-of-8-shaped
mark below it ; a very irregularly dentate postmedial line excurved
beyond the cell, a pale mark with black streaks on the veins in
the sinus and a pale mark on it above inner margin ; the outer
area variegated with pale brown and fuscous. Hind wing with
indistinct waved postmedial line ; a marginal dark line with some
blue-grey specks on it. Underside with the outer area of fore

492 NOCTUIDJE.

wing variegated with rufous and purplish ; some white on the
postmedial line ; the outer margin suffused with white except at
apex ; hind wing variegated with reds and purples ; a brown-
speckled yellow patch at apex.

Larva green, with dark dorsal striae ; the hinder part of somites
4-11 with dark specks and a sublateral series of similar specks;
the legs and two dorsal prominences on llth segment dark.
Food-plants, Pisonia and Canthium.

Hab. S. Africa ; Madagascar ; Japan ; China ; throughout India,
Ceylon, and Burma ; Andamans. Exp. 48-(34 millim.

Genus BRANA.
Brana, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1099 (1857).

Type B. calopasa, Wlk.

Range. Ceylon ; New Guinea.

Palpi with the 2nd joint not reaching vertex of head, the 3rd
naked and porrect ; antennae almost simple ; thorax and abdomen
smoothly scaled : tibiae without spines and moderately hairy. Fore
wing with the apex somewhat rounded. Hind wing rather narrow ;
vein 5 from above lower angle of cell.

2479. Brana calopasa, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1100; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,
pi. 148, fig. 6; C. 8f S. no. 2385.

Head black and white : thorax grey, the scales tipped with
white ; collar with some black at base and behind it ; abdomen

Fig. 278. — Brana calopasa, <$ . {.

black, with an orange dorsal spot at base and the extremity
orange ; pectus orange ; legs black and white. Fore wing with
the basal half grey, the scales tipped with white ; two black spots
on a white patch at base of costa ; an antemedial series of three
white or yellow-ringed black spots ; five medial spots, one being
displaced outwards below the white-edged black ren if orm ; a post-
medial maculate band with some white beyond it ; the outer area
bluish black ; the veins white ; an indistinct submarginal white
line. Hind wing blue-black ; the apex and cilia white.
Hab. Ceylon ; New Guinea. Exp. 58-60 millim.

CHRYSOPERA. — OPHIUSA. 493

Genus CHRYSOPERA, nov.

Type, C. combinans, Wlk.

Range. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma.

Palpi upturned and smoothly scaled, the 2nd joint reaching
vertex of head, the 3rd long and slightly curved ; antennae serrate
and fasciculated in male ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ;
tibiae without spines, and not clothed with long hair. Fore wing
with the apex somewhat rounded.

2480. Chrysopera combinans, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1399; Moore, Lep.
Ceyl. iii, pi. 169, fig. 3 ; C. $ S. no. 2623.

Very dark red-brown. Fore wing
with a slight purplish gloss ^indis-
tinct antemedial, medial, and post-
medial diffused lines ; a pale apical
semicircular patch with a piece cut
out of its outer edge. Hind wing
with a large bright yellow apical
patch.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas; penin-
Fig. 279. sular India, Ceylon, and Burma.

CJvrysopera combinans, <$ . \. Exp. 44 millim.

Genus OPHIUSA.

Ascalapha, Hiibn. Tentamen, p. 2 (1806), preeocc.

Thyas, Hiibn. Samml. Exot. Schmett. ii. (? 1806).

Ophiusa, Ochs. Eur. Schmett. iv, p. 93 (1816).

Achfea, Hiibn. Verz. p. 269 (1818).

Dysgonia, Hiibn. Verz. p. 269.

Ophiodes, Guen. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. p. 77 (1841), praeocc.

Ophisma, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 236 (1852).

Naxia, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 254.

Artena, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1388 (1858).

Pasipeda, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 171 (1882).

Minucia, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 159 (1884).

Macaldenia, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 162.

Caranilla, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 169.

Pindara, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 169.

Type, 0. algira, Gmel.

Range. Palaearctic, Neotropical, Ethiopian, Oriental, and Austral-
asian regions.

Palpi upturned and smoothly scaled, the 2nd joint reaching
vertex of head, the 3rd variable in length and longer in the female
than the male ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ; mid tibiae
spined, and sometimes also the hind tibiae : the tibiae fringed with
long hair in male. Fore wing with the apex somewhat acute ; the
outer margin nearly straight. Hind wing with the outer margin
slightly angled at vein 2.

Larva* with four pairs of abdominal prolegs, the first pair or first
two pairs rudimentary.

494 NOCTTTID.E.

SECT. I. Males without large tufts on the legs.
A. Hind wing not orange or crimson.

2481. Ophiusa gravata, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 237 ; C. $ S. no. 2616.

Pale reddish brown. Pore wing with an indistinct straight
erect medial pale line with dark inner edge ; a slightly curved
dark postmedial line and very obscure submarginal line ; " the cilia
white at tips. Hind wing brownish ochreous, with a submarginal
fuscous black band very wide near apex. Underside of fore wing
with submarginal fuscous patch.

Hob. Sikhim ; Sylhet ; Burma ; Ceylon ; Australia. Exp. 60
millim.

2482. Ophiusa mezentia, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv, pi. 323, F : C. $ S.

no. 2625.
Achaea reversa, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1399; Moore, Lep. CeyL in,

pi. 169, figs. 2, 2 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2627.
Sypna lugens, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 938.

Dark brown ; head and thorax irrorated with grey ; the abdomen
blackish. Fore wing uniformly coloured and irrorated with grey
in the form reversa ; in mezentia with indistinct subbasal, ante-
medial, medial, double postmedial, and submarginal waved lines
slightly outlined with grey or ochreous ; a broad medial grey or
ochreous band with the reniform spot on it ; an ill-defined serai-
circular apical grey or ochreous patch. Hind wing black, slightly
shot with blue and with a large apical white patch. Underside of
fore wing with a broad postmedial white band not reaching the
costa.

Larva. Olive-grey with numerous longitudinal lines ; a paler
lateral band ; underside pinkish ; the anal somite with two dorsal
yellow tubercles ; head yellowish with black lines. Food-plant,
Canthium.

Hab. Madras ; Ceylon. Exp. 58-64 millim.

2483. Ophiusa melicerte, Drury, III. Exot. In*, i, p. 46, pi. 23, fig. 1 ;

Moore, Lep. CeyL iii, pi. 168, figs. 2, 2 a, b (larva) ; C. $• S.

no. 2624.

Noctua tigrina, Fabr. Spec. Ins. p. 218.
Achaea catella, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 247.
Catocala traversii, Fereday, Trans. N. Z. Inst. ix, p. 457, pi. 17.

Pale reddish brown. Fore wing with the markings usually
prominent, but sometimes almost obsolete ; a short subbasal waved
line; obliquely waved antemedial and excised postmedial lines,
often with black suffusion inside them ; a speck at end of cell ; a
diffused rufous band beyond the postmedial line. Hind wing
black, with medial white band ; three large white spots on outer
margin; the cilia whitish. Underside suffused with grey; fore
wing with an oblique white postmedial band not reaching the
costa ; two crenulate medial lines on each wing.

OPHIUSA. 495

Larva bluish grey speckled with blue-black ; lateral and sub-
lateral yellowish bands with intervening blue-grey line ; a dorsal
black stripe bordered by reddish-white spots between 4th and 5th
somites ; a pair of dorsal red tubercles on anal somite ; spiracles
and fore legs red ; the head black-striped.

Hob. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australasian regions. Exp. GO-
TO millim.

2484. Ophiusa serva, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 593 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii,

pi. 169, figs. 4, 4 a, b ; C. $ 8. no. 2628.
Noctua vulpma, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, 2, p. 39.
Noctua mercatoria, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, p. 62.
Achgea ino, Hubn. Verz. p. 269.
Achsea fasciculipes, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1400.
Achsea nubifera, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 609, pi. 59, fig. 9 ;

C. 8? S. no. 2626.

Differs from melicerte in being usually more uniform pale
brick-red, with the markings of the fore wing indistinct ; the ante-
medial, medial, and postmedial lines are waved and often double.
Hind wing with the medial band less prominent ; the marginal
spots smaller, that at anal angle obsolescent.

The form fasciculipes is large and dark.

Hob. Peninsular India ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Borneo ; Java; Celebes;
New Hebrides ; Australia. Exp. 50-76 millim.

2485. Ophiusa illibata, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 592 ; C. fy S. no. 2622.
Hemeroblemma peropaca, Hiibn. Zutr. iii, p. 33, figs. 541, 542.
Ophisma laetabilis, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 241.

Ophisma contenta, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1381 ; C. 8f S. no. 2614.

Pale rufous. Fore wing with short subbasal and oblique ante-
medial dark lines on pale reddish bands ; the reniform large with
a dark line in it ; three indistinct waved postmedial lines on pale
reddish suffusion and one submarginal line ; a large semicircular
patch with white edges at apex. Abdomen and hind wing fuscous
brown, the latter with indistinct pale medial line ; the margin grey
except at apex.

Hab. China; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp.
72 millim.

2486. Ophiusa circumsignata, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 255; C. # S.

no. 2634.

Pale ochreous brown. Pore wing with waved subbasal line;
an antemedial line angled in the cell; traces of some whitish
medial suffusion ; a dark speck at end of cell ; two curved and
waved postmedial lines ; an apical brown patch with ochreous
edges, three specks on the costa and some whitish suffusion on it ;
the margin whitish with a series of marginal black specks. Hind
wing with indistinct curved medial line and black spot at anal
angle ; the margin whitish with a series of black specks.

Hab. Sylhet. Exp. 50 millim.

496 NOCTUID^E.

2487. Ophiusa palumba, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 211 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 168, figs. 1, 1 a, b (larva) ; C. §• 8. no. 2641.
Remigia colligens, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1019.

Brownish grey. Fore wing slightly suffused with purple and
irrorated with black; indistinct waved subbasal and antemedial
lines ; a small fuscous reniform spot, often obsolete ; the post-
medial line angled below costa, then indistinct and crenulate, with
a series of black specks on the nervules ; a slightly sinuous
indistinct or prominent brown submarginal line ; an almost mar-
ginal series of minute specks ; some grey on cilia and margin.
Hind wing with indistinct antemedial line ; some fuscous post-
medial suffusion and a series of small white lunules with fer-
ruginous suffusion beyond them towards inner margin ; some grey
on margin and cilia and fuscous marks towards anal angle.

Larva with the 1st pair of abdominal prolegs aborted and two
dorsal humps on anal somite ; brownish ochreous above, olive
beneath ; some dorsal and lateral black-speckled streaks ; a sub-
lateral whitish line with some pinkish spots above it.

Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Singapore ; Java.
Exp. 38-52 millim.

2488. Ophiusa rigidistria, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 240; C. $ S. no. 2619.
Naxia calefaciens, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1405 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 168, fig. 3; C. 4- 5. no. 2633.

Bronze-brown. Fore wing with a white speck in the cell ; an
erect straight medial whitish band with a dark line on its outer
edge ; an indistinct dark waved submarginal line ; a marginal
series of black specks. Abdomen and hind wing dark fuscous ;
the latter with traces of medial and submarginal pale lines ; a
marginal series of black specks. Underside with two waved post-
medial lines to each wing.

Hab. Sylhet ; B/angoon ; Ceylon. Evp. 56 millim.

2489. Ophiusa certior, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1381 ; C. $ S. no. 2615.

Differs from rigidistria in the antemedial line of the fore wing
being more waved and oblique; no white speck in the cell or
medial whitish band ; a small reniform with dark outline ; the
straight line postmedial, and the dentate line beyond it arising
from the apex. Hind wing with the medial whitish band more
prominent ; outer margin and cilia of both wings brown. Under-
side uniform pale brown.

Hab. Moulmein. Exp. 70 millim.

2490. Ophiusa dotata, Fair. Ent. Syst. iii, 2, p. 55 ; C.Sf S. no. 2596.

Differs from certior in having the ante- and postmedial lines of
fore wing very oblique, the former not waved, the latter very
slightly ; the reniform broken up into two spots ; a prominent
marginal grey band with a waved line on it. Hind wing with

OPHIU8A. 497

prominent medial incomplete white band; the margin and cilia
whitish. Underside with the basal area of both wings pale.

Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp. 72-
82 millim.

2491. OpMusa subinira, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1389; C. $ S. no. 2684.

Differs from dotata in being much darker red-brown. Fore
wing with the costal and medial areas suffused with bluish white ;
the reniform entire ; the ante- and postmedial lines dark, the
latter excurved beyond the cell ; the submarginal line farther
from the margin, the area beyond it rufous with the marginal line
more dentate. Abdomen and hind wing dark reddish fuscous,
the latter without the white medial band ; the cilia and underside
ochreous.

Hob. Sylhet ; Burma : Travancore. Exp. 72 millim.

2492. Ophiusa adusta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 169, pi. 6, fig. 11 ; C. $ S.

no. 2600.

Minucia prunicolor, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 160, pi. 167, fig. 3 ;
C. 8f 8. no. 2G06.

Head and thorax bright rufous ; the shaft of antennae whitish ;
abdomen brownish fuscous. Fore wing bright rufous, suffused
with purplish as far as the postmedial line and beyond the sub-
marginal ; an outwardly oblique antemedial line joined at inner
margin by the obliquely waved postmedial line ; the reniform with
rufous outline ; a double submarginal straight line and marginal
dentate line. Hind wing brownish ochreous ; the inner area
clothed with fuscous hair ; a broad diffused submarginal fuscous
band. Underside brownish ochreous ; fore wing with the cell and
a submarginal patch fuscous.

Hob. Assam ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 66 millim.

2493. Ophiusa cuprea, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 74 ; C. % S. no. 2602.

Head, thorax, and fore wing fuscous or brownish grey. Fore
wing with indistinct short waved subbasal line : an inwardly
oblique, slightly sinuous, rufous antemedial line ; the orbicular a
speck ; reniform with rufous edge ; the postmedial line inwardly
oblique and slightly curved ; the submarginal line angled below
the costa, the angle filled in with black, and with black above it ;
a marginal dentate line and series of grey specks. Abdomen and
hind wing brownish fuscous, the latter with the basal area palest ;
the cilia pale.

Hab. Formosa ; N.W. and E. Himalayas j Bengal ; Central
India. Exp. 60 millim.

2494. Ophiusa indistincta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 169, pi. 6, fig. 12 ;

C. & S. no. 2605.
Ophiodes fervida, Butl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 164 ; C. $ S. no. 2604.

Differs from cuprea in being redder; the fore wing more

YOL. II. 2 K

498 NOCTUIDJE.

irrorated with black; the ante- and postmedial lines indistinct,
the latter with a dark mark at costa ; the submarginal line
angled outwards at vein 4 as well as 6, and with black inner edge
throughout.

Hob. Simla. Exp. 50 millim.

2495. Ophiusa mejanesi, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 232.
Ophisma expedita, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1375.

Ophiusa tuniidilinea, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1433; C. fy S. no. 2611.

Head and thorax reddish chocolate ; shaft of antennae white ;
abdomen fuscous. Eore wing reddish chocolate irrorated with
dark specks ; a short indistinct subbasal line ; an outwardly
oblique, slightly sinuous, ochreous antemedial line ; the orbicular
and reniform dark with ochreous edges, the former minute ; an
ochreous postmedial line excurved beyond the cell, then sinuous
to inner margin, often with an indistinct series of fuscous
spots beyond it ; a submarginal line angled outwards at vein 6,
then sinuous to inner margin in the typical form, straight in
tumidilirtea, the area beyond it purplish grey, often with black
specks between the veins towards inner margin ; a crenulate
marginal line. Hind wing with the basal area whitish, more or
less suffused with fuscous ; the outer area fuscous black ; cilia
wrhite, dark at centre. Underside with the basal area of both
wings white with a cell-spot, the outer area fuscous.

Hob. W. Africa; "N. India"; throughout W. and S. India.
Exp. 54 millim.

2496. Ophiusa absentimacula, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 255; C. $ S.

no. 2632.

Pale red-brown. Fore wing with a broad greyish medial band,
with a straight dark line on its inner edge and a sinuous line on
its outer ; a slightly oblique and sinuous postmedial line : a sub-
marginal series of pale specks and marginal series of dark specks.
Hind wing pale fuscous ; a broad diffused submarginal band, very
wide at apex.

Nab. Assam ; Ceylon ; An damans : Java. Exp. 50 millim.

2497. Ophiusa duplex, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 26, pi. 6, fig. 4 ;

C. fy S. no. 2635.

Differs from absentimacula in the medial line of the fore wing
being straight ; the postmedial line highly angled below costa and
slightly waved.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 58 millim.

2498. Ophiusa acuta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 27, pi. 6, fig. 5 ; C.fy S.

no. 2664.

Differs from duplex in the postmedial line of fore wing not
being waved.

Hob. Khasis. Exp. 62 rnillirn.

OPHITJSA. 499

2499. Ophiusa matures cens, wik. Cat. xiv, p. 1382 ; C. & S. no.

2618.

Dark red-brown. Eore wing with an erect antemedial line
with some violaceous suffusion beyond it ; a postmedial line very
highly angled at vein 6, where it is almost met by an oblique dark
streak from the apex with indented edge and with the area beyond
it paler, with traces of a dentate line on it ; three ochreous specks
on the costa before apex. Hind wing with the central part of
outer area paler.

Hab. Sikhiin ; Sylhet. Exp. 52 millim.

2500. Ophiusa arcuata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877. p. 609 : id. Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 171, fig. 3 • C.Sf S. no. 2(363.

Differs from maturescens in having the antemedial line of the
fore wing sinuous ; a curved medial line beyond the violaceous band
meeting the .angled postmedial line at costa and inner margin ; the
outer edge of the oblique apical streak excised.

Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Andamans ; Java.
Exp. 48-54 millim.

2501. Ophiusa maturata, JJ7&. Cat. xiv, p. 1382; C. $ S. no. 2617.
Ophiusa falcata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 171, pi. 6, tig. 14; C. 8f S.

no. 2068.

Differs from maturescens in the basal area of fore wing being
greyer ; the outer edge of the violaceous suffusion defined by a
straight line ; the apical streak straight.

Bab. Khasis ; Calcutta ; Bombay ; Nilgiris ; Penang. Exp.
52 millim.

2502. Ophiusa renalis, n. sp.

Differs from maturescens in the head, thorax, and fore wing
being golden brown ; the antemedial line more oblique : a sinuous
medial line interrupted by a large reniform spot ; the postmedial
line not quite so much angled ; the apical streak straight.

Hab. Sikhirn ; Bombay. Exp. 48 millim. Type in B. M.

2503. Ophiusa joviana, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv, pi. 399 B ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. iii, pi. 170, figs. 9, 9 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2670.
Noctua sinuata, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii, p. 145.
Ophiusa myops, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 26o.

Differs from arcuata in the basal area of the fore wing being
violaceous ; the antemedial line curved ; the postmedial line with a
siriuatiou between the angle and inner margin and with some
specks beyond it instead of the dentate line.

Larva with the first two pairs of abdominal prolegs rudimentary ;
bluish grey above, yellowish beneath and sparsely spotted with
black ; a larger sublateral spot on 4th somite ; two red dorsal
tubercles on llth somite; head grey, spotted with black. Pupa
with white efflorescence. Food-plant, Phyllanthus.

2x2

500

Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Andamans ; Java.
Exp. 50-54 millim.

2504. Ophiusa simillima, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 266; Moore, Lev. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 170, tig. 8 ; C.fyS. no. 2674.

Differs from joviana in the antemedial line being curved and with
some dark suffusion inside it; some dark suffusion instead of the
dark patch inside the postmedial line, which has two slight angles
in it beyond the cell ; the apical streak slight ; an indistinct dentate
submarginal line. Hind wing with the cilia pale below the apex.

Hab. Sylhet; Ceylon. Exp. 42 millim.

2505. Ophiusa algira, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 836.

Noctua achatina, Sulz.Abg. Ges. Ins. p. 160, pi. 22, fig. 4; C. # S.

no. 2658.
Noctua stuposa, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, 2, p. 42; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 171, fig. 7 ; C. $ S. no. 2675.
Noctua triangularis, Hilbn. Samml. Eur. Schmett.. Noct. pi. 66,

fig. 323.

Ophiusa torrida, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 269.
Ophiusa alhivitta, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 271 ; C. $• S. no. 2659.
Ophiusa festiua, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1425.
Ophiusa properans, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1426.
Ophiusa festinata, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1432.
Ophiusa properata, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1433 ; C. # S. no. 2673.
Ophiusa olympia, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 466 ; C. fy 6'. no. 2672.
Dvsgonia latifascia, Warr. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 316; C. $ S. no.

*2670 A.

Differs from arcuata in the antemedial line of the fore wing being
erect and having a broad, white, slightly suffused band beyond it,
which varies in width; the postmedial line angled also between

Fig. 280.— Ophiusa algira, <$. \.

veins 3 and 4 and sinuous towards inner margin ; the apical streak
broken up into two spots. Hind wing with a white medial band ;
the outer margin grey at centre.

In the f orm properata the postmedial line is highly irregular ; in
properans, from S. Africa, the antemedial line is curved.

The form stuposa has the medial band of the fore wing broad and
outwardly diffused ; the postmedial line usually with only a
slight angle at vein 4; latifascia, from KW. India, has the outer
edge of the medial band defined by a curved line, the postmedial

OPHIUSA. 501

line excurved into a quadrate form between veins 6 and 4 instead
of having the two angles, and reaching the margin nearer the outer
angle, so that the dark patch is very broad.

Hab. Europe ; Africa ; Mauritius ; Japan ; China ; throughout
India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp. 42-46 millim.

2506. Ophiusa arctotaenia, Guen. Noct, Hi, p. 272 ; C. fy S. no. 2662.

Differs from algira in the postmedial line of the fore wing being
prominently white from the costa to the angle at vein 6 ; the
medial white band always well denned, narrow, and of almost even
width throughout.

Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java. Exp.
52 millim.

2507. OpMusa mirabilis, Stand., Romanoff, Mem. ii, p. 78, pi. iv, fig. 5.
Ophiusa triangulata, Swinh. P. Z. S. '1889, p. 414, pi. 43, fig. 5.

Differs from arctotcenia in being grey-brown ; the postmedial
line white throughout and produced to an angle near outer margin
between veins 3 and 4 ; an indistinct submarginal white dentate
line ; the veins whitish beyond the postmedial line. Hind wing
with traces of a dentate submarginal line towards anal angle.

Hab. Amur ; Karachi. Exp. 44 millim.

2508. Ophiusa conficiens, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1432 ; Butl. III. Het. vi,

pi. 112, fig. 5 ; C. $ S. no. 2665.

Black. Fore wing with the medial white band tinged with
ochreous, narrow, well-defined and oblique ; the postmedial line
white, angled close to outer margin on vein 6, then sinuous and
excurved to near the margin from veins 4 to 2 ; the margin
ochreous white, with a series of black specks. Hind wing fuscous
black, with white medial band ; the margin and cilia ochreous
white, with a black spot and few blue scales near vein 2.

Hab. N.W. Himalayas ; Bombay. Exp. 56 millim.

2509. Ophiusa analis, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 271 ; C. % S. no. 2661.

Differs from arctotcenia in the white band of the fore wing being
wider at the costa ; the postmedial line more produced at vein 6, so
that the white band on it is longer ; the apical streak straight and
diffused towards tlie costa. Hind wing with a black and white
spot on outer margin at vein 2.

Hab. China; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Java.
Exp. 50 milliin.

2510. Ophiusa crameri, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 177, pi. 171, fig. 2>

C. $ S. no. 2666.

Dysgonia discalis, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 177, pi. 171, fig. 8;
C. 8f S. no. 2667.

Differs from analis in the postmedial line having the white band
reduced to a line, and being slightly outlined with purplish grey
from the angle to inner margin.

502

The variety discalis has the whole of the dark patch between the
white band and the postmedial line suffused with purplish white.

Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma : Audainaus. Exp.
63 millim.

2511. Ophiusa amygdalis, Moore, Lev. Ceyl. iii. p. 551, pi. 214, fig. 3;

C. 8f S. no. 2660.

Differs from maturescens (p. 499) in being suffused with lilacine
grey. Fore wing with the antemedial line bent outwards below the
cell ; the apical streak with its outer edge indented ; three while
specks on the costa before apex.

Hob. Sikhim; Nilgiris; Travancore; Ceylon. #.*;£>. 52 rnillim.

2512. Ophiusa onelia, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 256; C. $ S. no. 2637;

Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 170, figs. 1, 1 b (larva).
Naxia lageos, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 256.
Ophiusa umbrosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 9C58.
Ophiusa luteipalpis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 968; C. # S. no. 2671.
Ophiusa obimibrata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 969.

Dark grey-brown with a purplish tinge ; the head and collar
usually fulvous. Fore wing suffused with brown ; subbasal, ante-
and postmedial indistinct waved lines and antemedial and medial
ill-defined grey bands ; a grey apical patch with whitish edges, and
a sinuous dark line from it to inner margin ; an indistinct dentate
submarginal line ; the margin grey. Hind wing with traces of
medial and submarginal pale lines near inner margin ; the outer
margin grey.

Larva with the 1st two pairs of abdominal prolegs rudimentary ;
greyish white above ; olive-grey below, with black spots in some-
what linear series on each somite ; a reddish lateral spot on 4th
somite. Pupa efflorescent. Food-plant, Phyllanthus.

Hob. China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Penang ;
Java. Exp. 44-46 millim.

B. The hind wing orange.

2513. Ophiusa COronata, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 596; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 167, fig. 1, and pi. 166, fig. 5 (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2595.
Noctua leonina, Fabr. t. c. p. 596.
Noctua ancilla, Fabr. Ent. Sysl. iii, 2, p. 17.
Corycia magica, Hiibn. Zutr. iii, p. 32, figs. 535, 536.

Head and thorax pale reddish brown ; abdomen orange, the
segments fringed with black. Fore wing irrorated with dark
specks ; a short subbasal dark line ; an outwardly-oblique, slightly
sinuous, antemedial line ; the orbicular small, round, and grey ; the
reniform large and chocolate, ringed with grey or broken up into
grey or chocolate grey-ringed spots ; a slightly inwardly-oblique
postmedial line ; a pale submarginal line, slightly bent below the
costa. Hind wing orange, with broad medial and submarginal
fuscous black- bands not reaching inner margin, the latter widest

OPHIUSA. 503

towards costa. Underside orange ; the costal and outer areas of
both wings dark-speckled, and with a slight reddish suffusion ; a
black patch near outer angle of fore wing.

Larva dull sienna-brown longitudinally striped with black-
brown ; a dorsal black spot on 8th somite ; paired black dorsal
tubercles on 10th and llth somites ; a lateral yellow-edged spot
on 5th somite ; underside dark ; head striped with black. Pood
plant, Quisqualis indica.

Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Andamans ; Java ;
Australia. Exp. 82-96 rnillim.

2514. Ophiusa discriminans, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1358 ; Hmpsn. III.

Het. ix, pi. 165, fig. 13 ; C. $ S. no. 2603.

Head and thorax reddish orange ; palpi grey ; sides of head
chestnut; abdomen orange, with a black dorsal patch near ex-
tremity. Fore wing greenish orange, the outer third reddish,
slightly irrorated with black : a faint outwardly- oblique, sinuous
antemedial line, and inwardly-oblique crenulate postmedial line ;
the orbicular a dark speck ; the reniform grey with dark edge ;
two grey and black subapical spots ; a series of grey submarginal
specks and large grey patch at outer angle ; the cilia grey. Hind
wing orange, with broad submarginal fuscous- black band.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 65 milliin.

2515. Ophiusa indiscriminata, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. Ill, 1.176,

fig. 23 (larva).
Minucia discriminans, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 166, fig. 4 (nee Wlk.}.

Differs from discriminans in the head and thorax being yellowish
grey ; abdomen without the black patch. Fore wing yellowish
grey without black specks ; a maculate line beyond the post-
medial line ; a grey and dark patch beyond the subapical spots,
and hardly a trace of the patch at anal angle ; a dentate sub-
marginal line with the area beyond it reddish. Hind wing with
the black reduced to a submarginal medial patch.

Larva pale brown, with numerous waved longitudinal black
lines, between which are series of black specks ; some red between
each pair of legs, and a black patch between each pair of prolegs ;
small paired dorsal prominences on llth somite.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 76 millim.

2516. Ophiusa tirrhaca, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 172, fig-. E.
Noctua vesta, Esp. Schmett. Eur. iv, pi. 141, fig1. 1.
Noctua olivacea, Vill. Ent. Linn. ii. p. 270, pi. 5, fig. 9.

Noctua auricularis, Hubn. Samml. Eur. Schmett.. Noct. pi. 66,

fig. 321.

Ophiodes hottentota, Guen. Noct. iii, 229.
Ophiodes separans, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1357 ; C. $ S. no. 2608.

Head and thorax greenish yellow ; abdomen orange. Fore wring
greenish yellow, with slightly darker striae ; an indistinct out-
wardly-oblique antemedial line meeting a sinuous inwardly-
oblique postmedial line arising from a dark spot on the costa at

504 NOCTU1DJE.

inner margin ; the orbicular a dark speck ; reniform brown ; an
irregularly dentate submargiiial line, with two black subapical
lunules on it ; the area beyond it reddish ; a crenulate marginal
line. Hind wing orange, with broad submarginal black band not
reaching costa or inner margin and sometimes almost obsolete.

Hob. Europe ; S. Africa ; Madagascar ; throughout India.
Exp. 64-80 millim.

C. Hind wing crimson.

2517. Ophiusa honesta, Hilbn. Samml. Exot. Schrnett. ii, Index, p. 4,

pi. 203, figs. 1,2; C. 8f S. no. 2598.
Noctua microrheea (?), Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, 2, p. 17.

Head and thorax reddish chestnut ; the third joint of palpi
black ; abdomen crimson. Pore wing reddish chestnut, slightly
irrorated with dark scales ; traces of a sinuous aritemedial line
with three white specks on it ; reniform grey, the lower part more
or less completely filled in with black ; a curved postmedial series
of white specks with an indistinct band beyond it angled at vein 6
and met by a dark streak from the apex ; a marginal series of
specks. Hind wing crimson, with black submarginal medial
patch.

Hab. Philippines ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
Andamans. Exp. 84-104 millim.

SECT. II. Males with a cleft running the whole length of the
mid tibia and containing a mass of flocculent scales.

2518. Ophiusa fulvotaenia, Guen. Noct, iii, p. 272; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 171, fig. 1 ; C. $ S. no. 2669.

Differs from crameri (p. 501) in being red-brown. Fore wing with
the medial band suffused with purplish ; the postmedial line dark
throughout, and with an indistinct dentate line beyond it. Hind
wing with a medial orange band, wide towards the costa.

Hob. Japan ; China ; Formosa ; throughout India, Ceylon, and
Burma; Sumatra; Java. Exp. 70-80 millim.

SECT. III. Male with a large tuft of hair on fore femora.

2519. OpMusa trapezium, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 231 ; C. £ S. no. 2609.
Ophisma cognata, Wtk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 958.

Head and thorax pale rufous ; abdomen pale fuscous ; the
femoral tufts black. Fore wing greenish ochreous irrorated with
dark scales ; an outwardly-oblique antemedial dark line ; a dark
speck representing the orbicular ; the reniform rufous with dark
centre and edge ; an obliquely curved postmedial line ; a double
straight submarginal line, the area beyond it reddish suffused
with purple with a dentate marginal line. Hind wing whitish,

OPHTUSA. — LAGOPTEBA. 505

with the outer area fuscous. Underside whitish ; the costal and
outer areas of both wings brownish and dark-speckled ; fore wing
with a fuscous submarginal band.

Hob. Assam ; Nilgiris ; Travancore ; Ceylon. Eacp. 66 millim.

2520. Ophiusa triphsenoides, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1358 ; C. $ S. no.

2610.

Head and thorax grey ; palpi dark ; abdomen fuscous. Fore
wing violaceous grey irrorated with dark scales ; the costa
ochreous ; an antemedial, outwardly-oblique, slightly curved, pale
and rufous line ; the orbicular a black speck ; reniform brown
with dark outline ; a postmedial, pale and rufous, inwardly-oblique,
slightly sinuous line ; a submarginal sinuous line angled outwards
at vein 6, the angle filled in with black and with black above it.
Hind wing wibh the basal area brownish ochreous, the outer area
fuscous black ; cilia white towards apex. Underside with the
basal area ochreous white, the outer fuscous.

Hob. Formosa ; N.W. and E. Himalayas ; Bengal ; W. and S.
India. Eocp. 60 millim.

Genus LAGOPTERA.
Lagoptera, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 223 (1852).

Type, L. juno, Dalm.

Range. W. Africa ; Japan ; China ; Himalayas ; Mgiris ; Aus-
tralia.

Differs from Oplimsa in the abdomen being clothed with coarse
hair on the back and sides, the lateral tufts in the male being
large ; mid and hind tibiae spined. Fore wing narrower, \vith the
costa more arched near base, then nearly straight to apex, in the
male slightly excised ; the apex more produced, and outer margin
more oblique. Hind wing of male with very long radiating hair
on inner margin ; vein 1 a fringed with hair below.

2521. Lagoptera Juno, Dalm. Anal Entom. p. 52.

Ophideres elegans, Van der Hoev. Tijd. Nat. Gesch. vii, p. 280,

pi. 5, figs. 6, a, b ; C. $ S. no. 2597.
Lagoptera multicolor, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 226.

Head and thorax chestnut or grey-brown ; abdomen crimson
with lateral white specks, the dorsum grey-brown except the
terminal segment. Fore wing chestnut, grey-brown, or ochreous
brown ; a short subbasal rufous line ; an antemedial, slightly
sinuous, outwardly-oblique line ; the orbicular a speck ; reniform
with indistinct outline, and often with black spots in both upper
and lower portions ; an outwardly-oblique, slightly sinuous, post-
medial rufous line ; a curved line from apex to outer angle ; the
inner margin rufous. Hind wing with the basal area black, with
bluish-white ill-defined medial band not reaching costa or inner
margin ; the outer area crimson, with a patch of black specks at

506

NOCTUIDJE.

centre. Underside crimson ; the apical areas black-speckled : fore
wing with cell-spot and submarginal medial black patch.

Fig. 281. — Lagopterajuno, tf . \.

Hob. Japan ; China ; throughout the Himalayas ; Nilgiris.
Exp. 90-luO millim.

G-enus ISOURA, nov.

Type, I. fuscicollis, Butl.

Range. N.W. Himalayas.

Differs from Ophiusa in the abdomen being flattened ; the fore
wing of almost even width throughout ; tibiae of male very hairy,
without spines.

2522. Isoura fuscicollis, Butl. Ill Het. vii, p. 56, pi. 127, fig. 4.

Head, collar, and fore legs dark chocolate; thorax reddish grey;
abdomen dull yellow, reddish brown at extremity. Pore wing

Fig. 282.— Isoura fuscicollis, rf. }.

reddish grey, sometimes irrorated with a few black scales ; an ob-
lique, slightly waved, indistinct an temedial line, and slightly curved
postmedial line with a black spot on it towards inner margin ; a
marginal series of minute specks ; cilia red-brown. Hind wing
bright yellow, with a doubly-curved postmedial black band from
vein 7 to anal angle ; a marginal band from apex to vein 2.

ISOUEA. — HYP^IEA. 507

Underside with complete postmedial band to both wings ; hind
wing with a cell-spot.

Hob. Dharmsala. Exp. 52 millim.

Genus HYPJETRA.

Hypaetra, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 259 (1852).
Avatha, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1100 (1857).
Pseudathyrma, Butl Ann. N. H. 1892, p. 299.

Type, H. noctuoides, Guen.

Range. Khasis ; Sylhet ; Mlgiris ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Andamans ;
Sumatra ; Java ; Borneo ; Society Islands.

Palpi upturned and met by a sharp frontal tuft, the 2nd joint
reaching vertex of head and roughly scaled, the 3rd long and
obliquely porrect ; antennae usually minutely ciliated ; thorax and
abdomen smoothly scaled ; the fore tibiae fringed with long hair in
male ; the mid tibiae spined. Fore wing with the apex somewhat
rounded.

SECT. I. (Hypcetra). Males with the subcostal neuration of fore
wing not distorted, and without sexual patches on fore and
hind wing.

A. Antennae of male minutely ciliated.

2523. Hypsetra noctuoides, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 259 ; C. #. S. no. 2646.

Pale red-brown ; palpi black at sides. Fore wing with very
indistinct subbasal, antemedial, medial, postmedial, and sub-
marginal waved lines ; the 1st, 2nd, and 4th arising from blackish
patches on the costa ; the antemedial line with a large pale-edged
black lunule on it below the cell; the postmedial with a double
curve beyond the cell, the lower including a grey patch.

Hob. Sylhet; Burma; Java. Exp. 46 millim.

2524. Hypsetra includens, Wlk, Cat. xiii, p. 1107; C. $ S. no. 2654 ;

Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 170, fig. 6.

Hyptetra trigonifera, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1411 ; C. $ S. no. 2655.
Hypaetra complacens, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1414.

Differs from noctuoides in the fore wing being greyer and more
suffused with fuscous ; the spots on the costa absent ; the lunule
on the antemedial line sometimes obsolescent ; a dark spot in the
cell ; the postmedial line S'snaped beyond the cell with a blackish
patch in its upper curve. Hind wing with the cilia whitish at
apex and near anal angle.

Hob. Nilgiris; Ceylon; Java; Society Islands. Evp. 40-46 millim.

2525. Hypaetra curvifera, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1412; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 170, fig. 4 ; C. # S. no. 2650.

Ophiusa frontalis, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1434 ; C. $ S. no. 2653.
Achasa expectans, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1827 ; C. $ S. no. 2652.

Differs from includens in being greyish, reddish, or very dark

508

brown, much irrorated with black. Fore wing with the lines
almost or quite obsolete, the postmedial being most distinct ; the
black patches absent and only represented by a fuscous patch
beyond the cell, sometimes conjoined to a triangular shade on the
costa.

Hob. Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 46 millim.

2526. Hypaetra bubo, Hilbn. Zutr. iv, p. 13, figs. G33, 634.

Hypsetra perficiens, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1412 ; C. $ S. no. 2647.
Hypgetra condita, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1413 ; C. $ S. no. 2649.

Differs from noctuoides in the
head, thorax, and fore wing
being purplish grey. Fore wing
with the medial and outer areas
palest ; the black lumiles on the
antemedial and postmedial lines
extremely large and produced at
their angles ; the lines more
Fig. &&-Hyp*tra bubo, rf. \. distinct and dentate ; some pale

specks on the costa. Hind wini^

with a diffused pale streak near anal angle ; the cilia pale at apex
and anal angle ; underside with a medial maculate line.

Hab. Shillong; Nilgiris; Ceylon; Andamans. Exp. 56 millim.

*2527. Hypaetra? remigioides, Guen. Noct. Hi, p. 230; C. $ S.
no. 2607.

Head and thorax fleshy grey ; abdomen yellow, reddish below.
Fore wing grey ; the costa and markings of costal area velvety
brown ; the antemedial line straight and oblique, with dark suffu-
sion inside it, and with a pale-edged black patch inside it on
inner margin ; the postmedial line waved, straight near costa ;
reniform large and indistinct, with a large bilobed patch below it,
from which three waved lines run to inner margin ; orbicular a
omall ring-spot; the submarginal line irregularly dentate, with a
black speck on each nervule. Hind wing fulvous yellow, with an
indistinct submargiual fuscous baud with a line above it near inner
margin.

Hab. " Central India." Exp. 55 millim.

B. Antennce of male with long branches on the outer sides, very short
branches and long stiff bristles on the inner side, a tuft of half
on upperside of shaft near base.

2528. Hypaetra apicalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 405, pi. 33, fig. 7.

Sphetta raoorei, Cotes $ Swinh. Cat. Moths Ind. p. 172 ; C. 8f S.
no. 1141.

Head and collar whitish ; palpi fuscous at sides ; thorax purplish
fuscous ; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing purplish fuscous, with very

HTP^TEA. — ANEBEUTIHtfA. 509

indistinct waved subbasal and antemedial lines ; a white spot in
cell ; the reniform white, with an ill-defined whitish patch above
it ; some white specks on costa ; the postmedial line arising near
apex, slightly dentate and very obliquely curved to vein 2, then
straight to inner margin. Hind wing fuscous.
Hob. Sikhim ; Ceylon. Exp. 40 millhn.

SECT. II. (Pseudathyrma}. Fore wing of male with the subcostal
nervure curved downwards and enclosing a large patch of
differently formed scales ; the subcostal nervules distorted ;
hind wing with a patch of differently formed scales on the
outer margin between veins 5 and 6.

2529. Hypaetra complens, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1415.
Cropia glaucofascia, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1804.
Hyp^etra stigmata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 610 ; C. fy S. no. 2648.

<3 . Dark and red-brown. Pore wing with ill-defined subbasal,
oblique ante- and postmedial, and waved submarginal lines, a dif-
fused dark patch below the cell inside the antemedial line ; some
specimens with a medial ochreous band ; the postmedial with a black
irregular S -shaped mark beyond the cell, with a dark patch in its
lower bend ; a fuscous band beyond the postmedial line. Hind
wing with a dark streak at anal angle ; the cilia whitish at apex
and anal angle ; underside with cell-spot and medial series of spots.
Palpi white in front.

$ redder.

Hob. Andamans ; Sumatra. Exp., <$ 40, $ 44 millim.

Genus ANEREUTHINA.

Anereuthina, Hilbn. Zutr. ii, 23, no. 163 (1818).

Type, A. renosa, Hiibn., from Java.

Range. Burma ; Java.

Differs from Hypcetra in the tibiae being more hairy in both

Fig. 284. — Anereuthina lilach,

sexes ; the mid tibia3 not spined. Hind wing with the anal angle

somewhat truncate and the outer margin slightly angled at vein 2.

Larva with four pairs of abdominal prolegs, the first rudimentary.

510 NOCTUID.E.

2530. Anereuthina lilach, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 260 ; C. # S. no. 2645.
Hypaetra ocularia, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 246, pi. 8, fig. 4.

Deep red-brown ; the palpi black at sides, tbe 3rd joint and fore
tibiae grey. Fore wing slightly irrorated with grey, especially the
outer margin ; indistinct subbasal, antemedial, medial, postmedial,
and submarginal lines, the antemedial line with a pale green patch
on it below the cell ; the postmedial with two black specks at
lower angle of cell enclosed in a large green ocellus in female,
only the lower one enclosed in male ; the submarginal line with a
series of black specks. Abdomen and hind wing dark fuscous, the
latter irrorated with grey towards anal angle ; the cilia red-brown.

Hob. Bassein. Exp. 50 millim.

2531. Anereuthina xanthoptera, n. sp.

2 • Ochreous ; palpi grey with the base black. Fore wing
slightly irrorated with fuscous ; a black speck in cell ; slight
fuscous marks representing the postmedial line beyond cell and
above vein 1 ; two waved series of submarginal fuscous spots and
a series of grey marginal lunules. Hind wing with broad blackish
marginal band decreasing in width to anal angle, and a grey
marginal waved line ; cilia brownish. Underside •with diffused
fuscous submarginal band to both wings.

Hob. Toungngoo, Burma. Exp. 44 millira. Type in coll. Druce.

Genus SERRODES.
Sen-odes, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 251 (1852).

Type, S. inara, Cram.

Range. Africa; throughout the Oriental region; Australia.

Differs from Anereuthina in the costa of the fore wing being
slightly arched before the apex ; the cilia of fore and hind wings
strongly crenulate ; the tibiae extremely hairy in both sexes ; mid
tibiae of male with dense long hair lying along their inner sides.

Larvce with four pairs of abdominal prolegs, the first rudimentary.

2532. Serrodes inara, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, pi. 239, E ; C. $ 8. no. 2631
Serrodes campana, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 252 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 167, figs. 5, 6 a ; C. # S. no. 2630.
Serrodes nigha, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 253.

Ophiodes basisignum, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1359; C. $ S. no. 2601.
Phoberia korana, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 116, fig. 3.

Head, thorax, and fore wing dark or red or grey-brown. Fore
wing with a subbasal dark red-brown spot on the costa, with a
line from its lower edge ; a similar antemedial spot and large
lunule below the cell with a highly excurved line from its lower
edge ; the reniform broken up into a number of tesselated spots
with pale edges, and with rufous marks on the costa above it ; a
double straight postmedial line, angled below the costa. Abdomen
and hind wing fuscous, the latter with traces of a medial pale
line ; the cilia pale at apex and anal angle.

SEEEODE8. — DOEDTJEA. 511

The form inara has the head, thorax, and fore wing pale lilaceous
grey, with all the markings of the fore wing slight ; campana has

Fig. 285.— Serrodes inara,

the head, thorax, and basal and outer areas of fore wing brown
and the markings large ; nigha is brown throughout.

Hah. Africa ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java ;
Borneo ; Australia. Exp. 52-74 milliin.

Genus DORDURA.
Dordura, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 170 (1882).

Type, D. aliena, Wlk.

Range. Khasis ; Travancore ; Ceylon ; Burma ; Gilolo.

Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching above vertex of head and
roughly scaled, the 3rd of moderate length and porrect ; antennae
minutely ciliated in male ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ;
tibiae without spines ; fore and mid legs with long tufts of hair
from the femoro-tibial joint. Pore wing with the apex slightly
produced and acute.

2533. Dordura aliena, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 964 ; C. $ S. no. 2656.

Dordura apicalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 170, pi. 5, fig. 20 ; C. $ &

no. 2657.
Dysgonia tincta, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 112, pi. 165, fig. 3.

<$ . Reddish brown. Pore wing with waved subbasal line ; a
double autemedial line ; a dark spot in cell ; a postinedial line angled

Fig. 286.— Dordura aliena, £ . \.

outwards below costa, irregularly excurved beyond cell, then bent
inwards to below the narrow reniform spot, and straight and
double to inner margin ; a subtriangular chocolate mark with pale
edges on the costa before apex ; traces of a subniargiiial pale waved

512 NOCTUID.f).

line ; a submarginal series of black specks. Hind wing with the
apical area fuscous ; medial and postmedial ill-defined, waved, dark
lines, and submarginal series of black specks.

Some specimens have a medial ochreous band to fore wing.

2 with the markings of fore wing much less distinct ; the
triangular patch almost obsolete.

Hob. Khasis ; Travancore ; Ceylon ; Rangoon ; Gilolo. Exp. 44
millim.

Genus DELGAMMA.

Delgamma, Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii, p. 168 (1885).

Type, D. pangonia, Guen.

Range. Sylhet ; Ceylon; Andamans; Borneo.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head and
smoothly scaled, the 3rd of moderate length ; a short frontal
tuft ; antenna fasciculate in male ; thorax and abdomen smoothly
scaled ; tibiae without spines and moderately hairy ; hind tarsi with
the first joint fringed above. Fore wing with the apex somewhat
acute. Hind wing of male with the cell short and a large oval
depression beyond it, veins 6 and 7 being bent and approaching
vein 8 ; veins 4 and 5 depressed and running along 3 to near margin.

2534. Delgamma pangonia, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 214.

Delgamma calorifica, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1406 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.
iii, pi. 168, figs. 4, 4 a ; C. $ S. no. 2636.

Bright rufous brown; palpi and sides of frontal tuft black.

Fore wing with very indistinct
subbasal and antemedial waved
lines ; a black speck at middle
of cell and two at end of it ;
a nearly straight postmedial
whitish line, the area beyond
it bright purple, with a den-
tate submarginal line and one
or two white-edged chocolate
apical patches ; a crenulate

.,,
Hind wing with whitish post-

medial line, except on costal area, the area beyond it bright purple,
with some black and white marks just beyond the line; a crenulate
marginal line ; the cilia dark.

Hob. Sylhet ; Ceylon ; Andamans ; Borneo. Kvp., J 42, $ 52

Genus SYMPIS.
Sympis, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 343 (1852).

Type, S. riifibasis, Gueu.

Range. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java.

STMPIS. BANIANA. 513

Palpi upturned and smoothly scaled, the 2nd joint reaching above
vertex of head, the 3rd long and slightly curved ; antennae ciliated
in male ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ; the tibiae not
spiued, and clothed with short hair ; the 1st joint of hind tarsi
fringed with hair on the upperside. Eore wing with the apex
somewhat produced and acute.

2535. Sympis rufibasis, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 344, pi. 24, fig. 1 ; C. 8f S
no. 2761.

c? . Head and thorax orange-
red ; abdomen red-brown.
Pore wing with the basal area
orange-red, bounded by an
oblique blue line ; the outer
area red-brown, with a large
scarlet luiiule beyond the cell
and a white speck on the

Fig. Stsa.-Sympi, rufibasis, <J. t. ?osta f °ve j* ' ™ indistinct,

irregularly dentate, submar-

ginal line ; a marginal series of specks. Hind wing fuscous, with
incomplete medial white band and waved whitish marginal line.
Underside almost entirely suffused with grey; a crenulate post-
medial line.

£ without the scarlet lunule on fore wing.

Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Sumatra; Java.
Exp. 48 millim.

Genus BANIANA.

Baniana, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1843 (1858).
Birtha, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 976 (1866).

Type, B. significant, "Wlk., from the W. Indies.

Range. W. Indies ; S. America ; Africa ; Sikhim ; Sylhel ;
Peninsular India ; Ceylon ; Burma.

Palpi usually reaching vertex of head, the 3rd joint minute ;
thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled. Eore wing with the apex
slightly produced and falcate. Hind wing with vein 5 from above
lower angle of cell.

SECT. I. Fore wing with no tuft of scales on inner margin before
middle. Male with long bristles and cilia to the antenna?.

A. (Baniana). J/icZ tibiae with tufts of long Jiair on inner side ;
palpi reaching vertex of head.

2536. Baniana semilugens, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 814 ; Hmpsn. III. Het.

viii, pi. 143, fig. 13; C. $ S. no. 1905.
Baniana luteiceps, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1000.

Head and collar fulvous ; thorax and abdomen grey-brown.
VOL. n. 2 L

514 NOCTUID^E.

Fore wing purplish grey ; indistinct subbasal and antemedial waved
lines ; black specks at middle and end of cell, the latter with
fuscous spot on costa nbove it ; a sinuous postmedial ochreous line
sharply recurved from vein 4 to centre of discocellulars and with
black suffusion beyond it. Hind wing fuscous.
Hob. Nilgiris ; Moulmein. Evp. 32 raillim.

*2537. Baniana ? conjugata, Moore. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 369 ; C. £ S.
no. 1904.

Head, thorax, and abdomen ochreous brown irrorated with
brown. Fore wing dark umber-brown ; the costa pale, with some
dark strigae from it ; the orbicular elongate, dark with pale edges,
and conjoined to the similar but erect reniform ; a pale streak
below the cell.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 28 rnillim.

B. Palpi with the 2nd and 3rd joints longer ; male ivith tufts of
Tiair from fore coxce ; mid legs with a long tuft from femoro-
tibial joint; mid and hind tibiae fringed with hair.

2538. Baniana polyspila, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 966 ; C. $ S. no. 2387.

Athyrnia tesselata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 76 ; C. $ S. no. 2388.

c? . Pale reddish grey ; the head and collar golden brown ; the
tufts on fore coxae black. Fore wing with jet-black pale-edged
markings ; a speck at base ; a large irregular patch from below
middle of cell to inner margin, with a speck inside it on the margin ;
the orbicular small ; the reniform large ; a large irregular patch
from below end of cell to vein 1, with a pale line across it and a

Fig. 289. — Baniana polyspila, $ . {-.

spot below it on the margin at its inner side ; its upper corner
joined by a postmedial series of spots ; a large subapical spot,
and another between veins 3 and 5 with a speck above it ; a mar-
ginal series of black specks. Hind wing fuscous.

$ . Fore wing with the base of costa black, with ochreous outer
edge ; the cell and basal inner area to near end of cell black ; a
doubly-angled antemedial ochreous line from subcostal nervure to
inner margin ; a medial line highly angled in the cell, where it
almost touches the antemedial line, and also below the cell, where
it sends a branch outwards round the black area on inner margin ;

BANIANA. 515

the postmedial markings consist of a large ochreous-edged black
spot below costa, with a black patch beyond it and some small spots
between veins 2 and 5, with a larger patch beyond them ; a mar-
ginal series of ochreous-edged lunules.

Hob. Sikhim ; Sylhet ; Burma. Exp., <$ 42, $ 50 millim.

2539. Baniana divulsa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, pi. 966 ; Hmpsn. 111. Het. ix.
pi. 163, fig. 4 ; C. 8f S. no. 2386.

Fuscous brown ; the head and collar banded with black. Fore
wing with a black speck at base ; an antemedial dark line ex-
panding into a large irregular black patch with pale edges below
the cell ; a pale-edged black spot in cell ; a pale sinuous and angled
line from near apex to vein 3, thence very sharply recurved to
centre of discocellulars and slightly sinuous to inner margin, and
with black and rufous suffusion beyond it ; a postmedial series of
black specks from the costa to the recurved line ; traces of a sub-
marginal line ; some pale specks on costa towards apex. Hind
win£ dark fuscous.

Hob. Sylhet ; Bombay ; Travancore ; Ceylon. Exp. 40 millim.

SECT. II. Fore wing with a tuft of scales on inner margin before

middle.

A. Antennas of male with long bristles and cilia; mid tibice very

short, swollen, and without spurs.

2540. Baniana intorta. Smnh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 150; Hmpsn.

III. Het. ix, pi. 163, fig. 3.

Head and collar bright fulvous ; thorax and abdomen pale grey.
Fore wing pale grey, writh a large subtriangular deep chocolate
patch with pale edges on inner area before the middle ; ante- and
postmedial rufous strigae from costa ; a dark speck at end of cell ;
a postmedial pale line sharply recurved to lower angle of cell, then
straight to inner margin ; the area beyond it suffused with deep
chocolate, growing paler towards outer margin ; traces of an irre-
gular sub marginal line. Hind wing fuscous.

Hob. W. Africa ; Natal ; Bombay ; Ceylon. Exp. 28 millim.

B. Antennce of male with bristles and cilia ; mid tibice normal.

2541. Baniana lunifera, n. sp.

cJ . Purplish fuscous. Fore wing with a large black antemedial
lunule from cell to inner margin, its inner edge angled, its outer
edge whitish ; a pale-edged black spot in cell ; the postmedial line
sinuous from costa to vein 4, then recurved to upper angle of cell,
thence curved to inner margin, pale with black suffusion beyond it
in the curve and a black angled line beyond it from near costa to
vein 4 ; a marginal series of white specks and streaks at outer

2L2

516 NOCTUID.E.

angle. Hind wing fuscous, with blackish medial and submarginal
diffused bands.

Hob. Granjam. Exp. 34 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

C. (Birtha). Antennae, of male bipectinated ; mid tibice clothed iv'ttli
very long hair; fore wing with both ante- and postmedial tufts
on inner margin.

2542. Baniana insulata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 976 ; Hmpsn. III. Het.
ix, pi. 163, fig. 8; C. $ 8. no. 2187.

Head and collar bright fulvous ; thorax and abdomen grey-brown.
Fore wing grey-brown with slight purplish suffusion ; an ante-
medial fulvous band with pale edges, expanding into a large patch
below the cell ; the orbicular and reniform deep rufous with pale
edges and a patch on costa above them, the former small ; an
indistinct postmedial line very sharply excurved from vein 3 to
lower angle of cell, with a rufous patch on it at inner margin and
some pale patches beyond it ; a triangular rufous patch on costa
before apex, with two white specks on the costa ; a marginal series
of dark specks. Hind wing greyish fuscous with dark marginal
line ; underside with cell-spot and postmedial line.

ffab. Old Calabar ; Ceylon. Exp. 36 millim.

Genus BORSIPPA.

Borsippa, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1756 (1858).
Aramuna, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 35 (1885).

Type, B. quadrilineata, Wlk.

Range. Congo ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Borneo.

Palpi slender and reaching vertex of head, the 3rd joint
minute ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ; tibiae fringed with
hair. Fore wing with the apex rounded. Hind wing with vein 5
from lower angle of cell.

SECT. I. Male with the patagia very minute and with tufts of
elongate scales from them ; the anal tuft large.

A. (Borsippa). Male with the antennas ciliated • no sewual patches
on either wing.

2543. Borsippa quadrilineata, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1756.

Borsippa marginata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 173 ; C. fy S. no. 2318.

^Reddish grey-brown. Fore wing with oblique straight subbasal
and antemedial rufous lines ; incurved medial and postmedial lines,
the former double; a large semicircular black patch with an
indentation in its upper edge on outer margin ; a marginal series of
pale specks. Hind wing dark fuscous.

In quadrilineata, from Borneo, there is a prominent black spot

BORSIPPA. 517

at end of cell of fore wing, which is almost obsolete in the more
ochreous form marginata, from Sikhim.
Hob. Sikhim ; Borneo. Eocp. 36 millim.

B. (Aramuna). Male with the antennae fasciculate ; the anal tuft
very large-, underside of fore wing with a patch of differently
formed scales ^on median nervure ; hind wing shortened, with a
large patch of flocculent scales below costa, the costal neuration
being distorted downwards.

a. Male ivith a patch of curved woolly hair on apical part oj
margin of hind wing.

2544. Borsippa pallens, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 172, pi. 5, fig. 9 ; C. fy S.

no. 2310.
Aramuna marginata, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 36, pi. 149, fig. 6 ;

C. $. S. no. 1924.

Borsippa punctilineata, Hmpsn. III. Ret. viii, p. 83, pi. 146, fig. 14.
Bagada diffisa, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 224, pi. vii, fig. 17.
Herminia orthosiana, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 473, pi. 28, fig. 15 ;

C. 8r S. no. 2958.

<3 . Ochreous brown. Fore wing with traces of antemedial?

medial, and postmedial speckled
lines; a purplish rufous marginal
band narrowing to apex and outer
angle and with a slight indentation
near apex ; a marginal series of
pale specks. Hind wing whitish.

£ . The inner edge of the marginal
band of hind wing more curved in-
wards at centre ; in the form diffisa

Eorsippa pattern, 9. ±. anSled inwa?ds with a black spot at

the angle ; in the form orthosiana
almost straight.

Hob. JSagas; Bhamo ; Bombay; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Ed-p. 32
millim.

b. Male with a patch of curved woolly hair on vein 2 of hind wing,
and none at apex.

2545. Borsippa lutosa, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 225, pi. vii,

ft ' A 7 JT

fig. 11.

c? . Head pale; thorax and abdomen fuscous. Fore wing ochreous
grey, suffused with fuscous ; the inner area purplish ; faint traces
of waved lines ; a submarginal series of small black hi miles and
oblique fuscous shade from apex. Hind wing pale fuscous.

Hob. Eangoon. Exp. 36 millim.

518 TfOCTUID^E.

SECT. II. Male with cilia and bristles to antennae ; the patagia
normal ; abdomen with a chitinous cap covering the anal
tufts; hind wing with tuft of long hair on upperside of
costa.

2546. Borsippa sejuncta, Wlk. Cat. ix, p. 109 ; C. $ S. no. 1692.
Caradrina paucifera, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 298 ; C. $ S. no. 2113.

Reddish or greenish grey ; palpi black with the extremity
white. Fore wing with speck at end of cell; a sinuous sub-
marginal series of pale and dark lunules ; a marginal series of
dark specks. Hind wing dark fuscous.

Hob. Ganjam ; Travancore ; Moulmein. Ecep. 34 rnillim.

SECT. III. 'Females only available for study.

2547. Borsippa hypenoides, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 354, pi. 38, fig. 19 ;

C. 8f S. no. 1793.

$ . Chestnut-red or dark purplish brown ; palpi black at base ;
a black spot on rnetathorax. Fore wing with indistinct oblique
antemedial and medial lines, the former with pale inner edge ; a
postmedial line, with pale outer edge, angled beyond the cell ; a
submarginal series of indistinct dark specks. Hind wing reddish
fuscous, with fine marginal ochreous line.

Hob. Pareshnath, Bengal ; Ganjam. Exp. 30 millim.

2548. Borsippa megastigmata, n. sp.

$ . Ochreous brown, with the tips of the scales dark rufous ;
palpi blackish at base. Fore wing with oblique antemedial ochreous
line ; the orbicular and renif'orm very large, with ochreous outline ;
a postmedial ochreous line, highly angled beyond cell, with a sub-
triangular dark chocolate patch on the costa beyond it ; some
specimens writh some chocolate submarginal spots towards inner
margin ; a marginal series of minute specks. Hind wing golden-
fuscous.

Hab. Sikhim (Holler); Nagas (Doherty}. Exp. 40 millim.
Type in coll. Elwes.

Genus PLECOPTERA,

Plecoptera, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 429 (1852).

Type, P. refleoca, Guen.

Range. Ethiopian and Oriental regions.

Palpi slight and reaching vertef of head, the 3rd joint minute ;
antennae of male with long cilia and bristles ; thorax and abdomen
smoothly scaled ; tibiae slightly hairy and without spines. Fore
wing with the apex nearly rectangular.

PLECOPTEBA. 519

SECT. I. Hind wing of male with vein 1 b fringed with hair ; the
inner area developed into a very large lobe, turned over on
surface of wing and containing a small tuft of hair at base.

2549. Plecoptera reflexa, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 430 ; C. $ 8. no. 2312.
Trigonodes gammoides, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1833.
Poaphila simplex, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1840.
Poaphila hamifera, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 992.

Poaphila uniformis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 172, pi. 5, fig. 10 ; C. fy S.
no. 2313.

Grey-brown ; the head and collar bright fulvous. Fore wing

with obliquely waved antemedial line ;

, a large reniform spot, often with black

jf centre and with a rufous spot on the

\ j^ costa above it ; an inwardly-oblique

1^^^. ^/ waved postmedial line and sinuous sub-

fe&ft ffl marginal line ; a marginal series of

I ^iP"311"5"^ minute dark specks. Hind wing fus-

\§|i5\;J cous brown ; the outer area slightly

1 \V\X' darker. Underside greyish white ; the

outer area fuscous ; male with the costal

Fig. 291. area of hind wing also fuscous.

Plecoptera reflexa, $ . \. Uniformis is a slightly marked pale

form.
Hob. Throughout N. India; Poona; Andamans. Exp. 30 millim.

SECT. II. Male with a tuft of long hair from femoro-tibial joint
of mid legs ; no fold to hind wing.

2550. Plecoptera resistens, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1749.

Poaphila oculata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 172, pi. 5, fig. 11 ; C. fy S.

no. 2309.

Poaphila reversa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 991.
Heliothis juncea, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 448, pi. 27, fig. 4 ;

C. $ S. no. 1733.
Remigia quiesita, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 468, pi. 27, fig. 8 ; C. $ S.

no. 2705.

5 . Differs from reflexa in the thorax and fore wing being
suffused with ochreous or yellowish. Fore wing with the reniform
large and dark, the centre suffused with grey; the outer area
sometimes suffused with bright yellow. Hind wing with the
basal area paler, contrasting with the dark outer area ; some
specimens with traces of a postmedial line.

3 . Head and collar yellow ; thorax and abdomen fuscous black.
Fore wing dark red-brown, with the reniform in the shape of a
deep black lunule ; ante- and postmedial spots on costa. Hind
wing and underside darker.

Hab. Congo ; Bhutan ; Bombay ; Nilgiris. Exp. 32 millim.

520

2551. Plecoptera luteiceps, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 992 ; C. $ S. no. 2307.
Poaphila quadrilineata. Moore. Lep. Atk. p. 172, pi. 5, ti"-. 22 ;

C. 8f S. no. 2311.

Head, collar, and tibiae orange-fulvous ; thorax and abdomen
brownish fuscous. Tore wing brownish fuscous suffused with
purplish; a straight erect antemedial line; a postinedial line,
angled below costa ; an indistinct fuscous reniform stigma ; a
highly sinuous submarginal line. Hind wing dark fuscous ; cilia
of both wings pale brown.

Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 36 millim.

2552. Plecoptera erica, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 149, pi. 8,

fig. 15.

Differs from luteiceps in the reniform being replaced by two
specks ; the postmedial line absent ; a straight submarginal rufous
line, with indistinct fuscous line beyond it.

Hob. Shanghai ; Bombay ; Java. Exp. 40 millim.

Genus ACANTHOLIPES.

Acantholipes, Led. Noct. Eur. p. 198 (1857).
Gesonia, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 75 (1858).
Oglasa, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 194.
Dragana, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 200.
Hileia, Wlk. Cat. xxiv, p. 1100 (1862).
Apphadana, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1212 (1865).
Docela, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1258.
Hemipsectra, Ilmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 84 (1891).

Type, A. reyularis, Hiibn. from Europe.

Range. Europe; Africa; Formosa; throughout India and
Ceylon ; E. Pegu ; Andamans.

Palpi obliquely upturned, the 2nd joint very broadly fringed
with hair, the 3rd minute ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled
and slender ; tibiae without spines and not fringed with long hair.
Tore wing with the apex quadrate or slightly acute.

SECT. I. {Acantholipes). Antennae of male minutely ciliated.
A. Wings moderately broad.

2553. Acantholipes circumdatus, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1763.

Acantholipes flavisigna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 371 ; C. $ S.

no. 2692.
Acantholipes nigrisigna, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 372 ; C. $ S.

no. 2694.

Docela vetustalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1258.
Docela affinis, Butl. A. M. N. H. (S) v, p. 225 ; C. fy S. no. 2691.

Pale ochreous brown. Fore wing with a black lunule at end
of cell ; the outer half of wing clouded with fuscous, especially a
patch below the end of the cell and three patches beyond the

ACANTIIOLIPES. 521

almost straight oblique yellow band from the apex ; cilia white
at apex. Hind wing with an antemedial fuscous band ; a medial
yellow band not reaching the costa and varying in breadth ; the
outer area fuscous ; a leaden-grey patch at anal angle.

flab. W. and S. Africa; N.W. and W. India. Exp. 24-28
milliin.

2554. Acantholipes trajectus, Wik. Cat. xxxiii, p. 986.

Acantholipes trifasciata, Moore. Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 187, pi. 172,

fig. 2 ; a £ S. no. 2696.
Acantholipes inconspicua, Butl. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 677.

Differs from circumdata in being
dark leaden-grey. Fore wing with an
oblique antemedial line from the cell
to inner margin ; the band from
apex red-brown. Hind wing with the
medial band red-brown and narrow.
Fig. 292. Hob. Formosa ; W. India ; Nilgiris ;

Acantholipes trajectus, 3 . \. Ceylon. Exp. 28 millim.

*2555. Acantholipes hypenoides, Moore. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 372: C.&S.
no. 2693.

Greyish ochreous brown. Fore wing thickly irrorated with
brown ; a medial blackish-brown band from median nervure to
inner margin, bordered outwardly by a slender ochreous line, angled
below the costa ; a waved dark fascia below apex ; some pale
specks on costa towards apex ; a pale line on outer margin below
apex. Hind wing paler.

Hal. Sikhim. Exp. 22-25 millim.

2556. Acantholipes fasciatus, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 82, pi. 146,

fig. 8.

Purplish grey ; the palpi black, the basal joint white. Fore
wing with indistinct waved antemedial line ; a black lunule at
end of cell ; a double, oblique, irregularly waved, antemedial line ;
a sinuous chestnut postmedial line, with black maculate edges, and
a line beyond it ; a marginal series of black specks. Hind wing
with double postmedial line, not reaching the costa, and a marginal
lunulate line.

Hob. JXllgiris. Exp. 32 millim.

2557. Acantholipes similis, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 174, pi. 6, fig. 5 ;

C. $ S. no. 2325.

Phurys ochreifascia, Hmpsn. III. Ilet. viii, p. 83, pi. 146, fig-. 2.
Phurys leucopos, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 83, pi. 146, fig. 10.

cJ . Ochreous brown ; the palpi, pectus, and fore legs chestnut,
the last with the tibiae white-fringed and the tarsi white. Fore
wing writh two antemedial and two medial indistinct dark lines ;
a postmedial oblique diffused line, with black specks on it towards
inner margin, and a slight waved line beyond it ; a marginal series

522 NOCTUIDJB.

of specks. Hind wing with two antemedial lines ; a medial out-
wardly diffused line and submarginal line ; a series of marginal

paler ; the palpi and pectus but slightly chestnut-coloured ;
the fore legs brown. Wings with the lines more prominent ; the
fore wing with an ochreotis line inside the postmedial oblique
line.

Hob. Sikhim ; Nilgiris. Exp., 3 28, $ 30 milliin.

2558. Acantholipes notatns, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 84, pi. 146, fig. 3.

tf . Differs from similis in the palpi and pectus being black ;
the fore legs black, with the tibiae and tarsi white. Fore wing
with the lines very indistinct and more oblique ; the postmedial
line with a black subapical spot and a speck above it, a similar
spot with a speck below it towards inner margin.

$ paler.

Hob. Nilgiris. Exp. 28 millim.

2559. Acantholipes inscitius, Swnh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 473 j C. fy S.

no. 3035.

Differs from notatus in the fore wing having a black spot at
centre of cell and a black lunule at end of it.
Hob. Bombay ; Poona. Exp. 24 millim.

2560. Acantholipes miser, Butl P. Z. S. 1883, p. 166 ; C. # 8.

no. 2944.

Purple-grey. Fore wing with traces of two antemedial and one
medial waved line from median nervure to inner margin ; a black
lunule on discocellulars ; a rufous-brown submarginal sinuous
band ; a marginal series of dark specks. Hind wing with traces of
medial and postmedial lines.

Hob. Simla ; Mhow ; Asirgarh. Exp. 22 millim.

*2561. Acantholipes fasciosus, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 174, pi. 6, fig. 6;
C. $ S. no. 2323.

5 . Differs from similis in being greyer. Fore wing with six
indistinct lines between the base and postmedial line ; hind wing
with eight indistinct lines.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 45 millim.

2562. Acantholipes dissimilis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 174; C. $ S.
no. 2322.

Differs from similis in the fore wing having the markings
indistinct, except the oblique ochreous dark-bordered line from
apex. Hind wing with the markings indistinct, except the sub-
marginal diffused fuscous band, which is bent outwards towards
the apex, but does not reach it. Underside yellower, with diffused
fuscous submarginal oblique bands.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 34 millim.

ACANTHOLIPES. 523

B. Wings considerably broader ; the build stouter.

2563. Acantholipes trifasciatns, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 612 ; Moore,

Lep. Ceyl iii, pi. 1 74, fig. 12 ; C. fy S. no. 2784.
Capnodes stellata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 28 ; C. $ S. no. 2782.
Capnodes pallens, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 176, pi. 5, fig. 21 ; C. # S.
no. 2780.

Yellowish brown, liver-colour, or dark red. Fore wing with
indistinct waved antemedial and postmedktl lines with series of
white specks on them ; traces of medial and submarginal sinuous
lines ; two dark specks at end of cell ; a marginal series of specks.
Hind wing with indistinct ante- and postmedial lines with series
of white specks on them ; a marginal series of dark specks.

Hob. Dharmsiila ; Campbellpur ; Ceylon ; Nagas ; Andamans.
Exp. 36-40 millim.

SECT. II. (Oglasa). Antennae of male with long cilia and bristles.

2564. Acantholipes lagusalis, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 194.

Brownish ochreous ; palpi dark at sides. Fore wing with dark
subbasal, antetnedial, and medial patches on the costa ; a black
streak at lower angle of cell ; traces of curved antemedial and
postmedial series of specks and a marginal series. Underside of
hind wing with cell-spot and postmedial line.

In the Ganjam specimen there is a dark luuulate subapical mark
on outer margin of fore wing below the apex.

Hob. Ganjam ; Nagas ; Borneo. Exp. 24-28 millim.

SECT. III. (Gesonia). Antenna of male serrate and fasciculated.

2565. Acantholipes obeditalis, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 75 ; C. $ S. no. 2826.
Hileia crambisata, Wlk. Cat. xxiv, p. 1100; C. # S. no. 3689.
Apphadana festina, Siuinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 475, pi. 28, fig. 3 ;

C. $ S. no. 2943.
Apphadana nigrofusca, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 475, pi. 28, fig. 4 ;

C. Sf S. no. 2945.
Apphadana rubicimdula, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 475, pi. 28, fig. 2 ;

C. Sf S. no. 2946.
Apphadana rusticula, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 474, pi. 28, fig. 1 :

Fuscous or rufous brown ; palpi chocolate at sides. Fore wing
with traces of ante- and postmedial waved lines, the latter incurved
below cell ; traces of specks in and at end of cell ; an obliquely
sinuous postmedial pale line, with rufous diffused on its outer
edge ; a marginal series of dark specks. Hind wing with post-
medial line developed towards inner margin ; a marginal series of
dark specks ; traces of medial and submarginal lines.

Some specimens have a dark spot beyond the postmedial line of

524 KOCTUIDJE.

fore wing at middle, and another above inner margin ; rubicundula
has the ground-colour of fore wing ochreous as far as the sub-
marginal line, and nigrofusca has the colour between the ante- and
postmedial lines fuscous black. •

Hob. Bombay ; Poona ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Ej?p. 22-24 milliin.

2566. Acantholipes gemma, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 469; C.SfS.

no. 2825.

$ . Brownish ochreous. Fore wing with the outer half suffused
with fuscous brown ; an obscure antemedial line ; an orange-
yellow spot on discocellulars ; waved postmedial and submarginal
lines, the latter diffused inwards.

Uab. Poona. Exp. 20 millim.

SECT. IV. (Hemipsectra). Antennae of male pectinated to middle
on the outer side, with bristles on the inner side.

2567. Acantholipes plumipars, Hmpsn. Ill Het. viii, p. 84, pi. 147,

tig. #j.

cJ . Pale brown, with a slight reddish tinge ; palpi black at
sides. Fore wing with two black specks at base, the upper one
on the costa ; an antemedial interrupted curved line arising from
a black speck on the costa ; a similar postmedial line excurved
from the costa to below vein 2 ; a marginal series of specks.

The specimen from Ganjam has a chestnut tinge.

JJab. Ganjam ; JNllgiris. Exp. 24-30 millim.

SECT. V. (Drayana). Antennae of male bipectinated,
the branches short.

2568. Acantholipes pansalis, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 200 ; Hmpsn. III. Het.

ix, pi. 167, fig. 3 ; C. #. S. no. 2941.
Apphadaua evulsalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1213.
Poaphila concors, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1969.

Ochreous or reddish brown. Fore wing slightly irrorated with
black scales ; very indistinct antemedial, two waved medial, and
more prominent postmedial line, with the area beyond it darker
and often with obscure fuscous patches beyond it at centre and
inner margin ; a marginal series of black specks. Hind wing
with sinuous postmedial line ; the area beyond it darker and with
traces of a submarginal line.

Hob. Formosa ; throughout India, Ce^ylon, and Burma ; Ancla-
mans; Singapore. Exp., $ 22, $ 24 millim.

2569. Acantholipes fuscicosta, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 101, pi. 148,

tig. 15.

Pale reddish brown ; the head and collar smoky black. Fore
wing with the costa black ; an antemedial line ; a speck at end of
cell ; the outer area suffused with fuscous, with waved postmedial

ACANTHOLJPES. — EEMTGIA. 525

and submarginal lines ; a series of marginal black specks. Hind
wing with antemedial line ; the outer area suffused with fuscous,
with postmedial and submarginal waved lines ; a marginal series of
black specks.

Hob. Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; E. Pegu. Exp. 18-22 millim.

SECT. VI. Antenna3 of male bipectinated, the branches long.

2570. Acantholipes bilineatus, n. sp.

c? . Dark red-brown. Fore wing with straight dark ante- and
postmedial erect lines ; a dark marginal line. Hind wing fuscous
brown, with fine marginal line. Underside of both wings with
dark postmedial line.

2 with the hind wing greyish.

Nab. Sikhim (Elwes); JSagas (Doherty). Exp., rf 28, $ 24
millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

Genus REMIGIA.

Remigia, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 312 (1852).
Cauninda, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 190 (1884).

Type, R. frugalis, Fabr.

Range. Universally distributed except in the Palaearctic region,
where it is found in Siberia and Japan.

Palpi upturned, reaching above vertex of head, the 2nd joint
thickly scaled, the 3rd prominent ; antennae of male ciliated, with
bristles to the joints ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ; mid
tibise spined.

Larvae, with two pairs of abdominal prolegs.

SECT. I. Male with the mid and hind tibia3 clothed with short hair.

2571. Remigia discios, Koll. Hiiyers Kaschmir, iv, p. 477; C. $ 8.

no. 2701.

Dark grey. Fore wing with a short subbasal fine line; an
antemedial dark brown bund, very broad towards inner margin,
where it is bounded by the recurved portion of the postmedial
line ; a slight line on the discocellulars and a triangular spot
beyond them ; a straight postmedial line, with its outer edge
diffused to the indistinct dentate submarginal line ; a waved mar-
ginal line. Hind wing brownish fuscous, with indistinct medial
line ; the outer area darker.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 50 millim.

2572. Remigia laxa, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1486.

Remigia pavona, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 117, fig. 9 ; C.SfS. no. 2704.

Differs from discios in being much redder brown. Fore wing
with the dark band beyond the antemedial line much broader

526

extending to the end of cell and getting wider towards inner
margin ; the dark suffusion beyond the reniform slight.
Hab. Sikhim. Exp. 44-48 uiillim.

SECT. II. (Cauninda). Male with the mid and hind tibiae
clothed with long hair.

2573. Remigia archesia, Crim. Pap. Exot. iii, pi. 273, F, G ;
Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 172. figs. 3, 3 a (larva) ; C. 8f S. no. 2697.
Phalaena virbia. Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, pi. 273, H.
Remigia gregalis, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 320 j C. fy S. no. 2703.
Remigia pellita, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 319.
Reinigia jugalis, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1505.
Remigia mutuata, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1505.
Hypaetra defundens, Wlk. £at. xxxiii, p. 963.
Remigia associata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1010.
Remigia inconsisa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1013.
Remigia bifasciata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1014.
Ophiusa mayeri, Boisd. Faun. Ent. Madag., L6p. p. 104.

Pale red-brown ; abdomen pale fuscous, the anal tuft ochreous.
Fore wing with a short subbasal red-brown line ; an oblique ante-
medial pale or ochreous line, with diffused red-brown band on
its outer edge; a sinuous medial line angled on median nervure ;
the reniform large and indistinct ; a red-brown diffused postmedial
band, on which is a dark line slightly excurved beyond the cell,

Fig. 293. — Remigia archesia, tf .

and at vein 2 very irregularly recurved to lower angle of cell,
then descending to inner margin ; an indistinct pale waved sub-
marginal line, with a series of black specks on it ; a dark waved
marginal line. Hind wing ochreous fuscous, with narrow fuscous
medial band and diffused submarginal band. Legs rufous.

Some specimens have a black spot on the fore wing above the
inner margin before the middle ; the variety gregalis is duller in
colour, with the markings of the fore wing obsolescent.

Larva purplish brown speckled with black ; the lateral area
yellowish with red lines ; a sublateral row of small black dots ;
head with a brown and red lateral streak. Food-plant, Desmodiam.
Pupa efflorescent.

Hal. Ethiopian and Oriental regions ; N. China. Exp. 42-54
millim.

REMIGIA. — TEIGOXODES. 527

SECT. III. (Remigia). Male with the hind tibiae and tarsi
clothed with long thick pile.

2574. Remigia frugalis, Fabr. Syst. Ent. vi, p. 601 ; Moore, Lep,

Ceyl. iii, pi. 172, figs. 4, 4 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2702.
Remigia translata, Wlk, Cat, xxxiii, p. 1015.
Chalciope lycopodia, Geyer, Hubn. Zutr. v, 25, figs. 897, 898.

Grey-brown. Fore wing with a diffused dark mark above the
centre of vein 1 ; an oblique postmedial line pale inwardly, red-
brown outwardly; a submarginal series of black specks. Hind
wing with postmedial and diffused submarginal lines.

Some specimens have a black spot above inner margin of fore
wing before the middle.

Larva pale yellowish ochreous, with darker lines ; two subdorsal
lines ; and a sublateral series of olivaceous spots ; 4th and 5th
somites edged behind with black. Food-plants, Zingiberacece.

Had. W. Africa and throughout the Oriental and Australian
regions. Exp. 36-50 millim.

Genus TRIGONODES.

Trigonodes, Gum. Noct. iii, p. 281 (1852).
Chalciope, Hubn. Verz. p. 268 (1818) non descr.
Attatha, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 847.

Type, T. hyppcutia, Cram.

Range. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australian regions.

Palpi upturned, reaching just above vertex of head, the 2nd
joint roughly scaled, the 3rd prominent; thorax and abdomen
smoothly scaled and slender; mid and hind tibias spined. Fore
wing with the apex somewhat produced.

Larvce with two pairs of abdominal prolegs.

SECT. I. (Trigonodes). Male with the antennas ciliated ; mid
and hind tibiae fringed with hair.

2575. Trigonodes hyppasia, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, pi. 250, E ; C. $ S.

no. 2687.

Phatena deliana, Stall, Cram. Pap. Exot. v, p. 160, pi. 36, fig. 4.
Ophiusa anfractuosa, Boisd. Faun. Ent. Madag., Lep. p. 104, pi. 15,

tig. 6.

Trigonodes inacuta, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 284.
Trigonodes exportata, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 284.
Trigonodes acutata, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 283.
Trigonodes compar, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1451.
Chalciope deltifera, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 117, fig. 24.
Chalciope makura, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 117, fig. 13.

Pale ochreous brown, slightly suffused with fuscous or dark grey-
brown. Fore wing with a large black white-edged triangular
patch below the cell from near base to towards outer angle ; a
similar smaller patch beyond the cell on vein 5, with some pale

523 NOCTUID^E.

fulvous beyond it ; a slightly sinuous submarginal pale line, with
patches of black suffusion inside it and a series of black specks
beyond it; a dark marginal line. Hind wing with indistinct
medial line ; the outer area suffused with fuscous.

Hob. Africa ; Mauritius ; Madagascar ; Aden ; China ; Formosa ;
throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Java; Australasia. Exp.
46 millim.

2576. Trigonodes cephise, Cram. Pap. Exot. Hi, pi. 227, C j C. $ S.

no. 2685.
Trigonodes maxima, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 282; C. $ S. no. 2688.

c? . Differs from hyppasia in the basal triangle of the fore wing
extending to nearer the outer angle ; the outer triangle much
larger and extending to the submarginal line, which is evenly
curved. Hind wing with the basal area suffused with fuscous ; no
medial line ; the outer suffusion forming an ill-defined band.

9 much yellower ; fore wing with the outer triangular patch
broken up into a streak above vein 5, and a lunulate patch on the
submarginal line.

Hob. Moulmein; Eangoon; Fiji. Exp. 54-66 millim.

SECT. II. Male with the antennae expanding into a scale-clothed
bulb just before the middle, and bipectinated from there to
apex ; tibiae not fringed with hair.

2577. Trigonodes disjuncta, Moore, Lap. Atk. p. 171 ; C.$S. no. 2686.

Differs from hyppasia in the basal triangular patch of the fore
wing having its apex truncate, and being more produced towards

A

I

•^
Fig. 294. — Trigonodes disjuncta, <$ . \.

outer angle ; the submarginal line w^aved. Hind wing uniform
fuscous.

Hob. Bombay; Nilgiris. Exp. 45 millim.

SECT. III. (Attatha). Male with the antennae almost simple ;
tibiae not fringed with hair.

2578. Trigonodes regalis, Moore, P. Z.S. 1872, p. 575, pi. 33, fig. 7;
C. $ 8. no. 807.

c? . Head and thorax whitish ; the frons, a band on thorax, and

TEIGONODES. — FODINA. 529

stripe on metathorax black-brown ; abdomen, palpi, pectus, and
legs crimson, the legs striped with black. Fore wing white; a
black-brown stripe below the cell from base ; a narrower stripe on
inner margin ; an oblique medial band from middle of costa to
near outer angle, widest at the costa, and with a line beyond it
from below the costa to vein 2, where it is recurved ; a large
triangular patch from costa at apex to above outer angle ; a mar-
ginal line terminating at vein 3 ; the outer angle crimson, with
three black spots on it. Hind wing crimson, with a submarginal
series of black spots.

Hob. N. India ; Canara; Ceylon ; Tenasserim. Exp. 48 millim.

2579. Trigonodes ino, Drury, III Exot. Ins. iii, p. 39, pi. 29, fig. 3;

C. $ S. no. 635.

Noctua notata, Fair. Ent. Syst. iii, 2, p. 39; C. $ S. no. 2680.
Grammodes mundicolor, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 973.

Differs from regalis in the oblique band of the fore wing being
quadrate from the costa to median nervure, where its outer edge
is angled ; the apical triangular patch wider, so as to extend close
to the postmedial line and the margin. Hind wing with a tri-
angular patch from the apex to near anal angle, inside the sub-
marginal series of spots.

Hob. Sikhim ; Nepal ; Madras. Exp. 38 millim.

2580. Trigonodes tetraspila, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1076 ; Hmpsn. III.

Het. ix, pi. 166, fig. 2.

5 . Bright ochreous yellow ; the collar black. Fore wing
slightly irrorated with fuscous ; a black band from costa to lower
angle of cell ; a large apical black spot. Hind wing yellow, with
apical black spot.

Hab. Ceylon. Exp. 36 millim.

Genus FODINA.
Fodina, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 274 (1852).

Type, F. oriolus, Guen.

Range. Ethiopian, Oriental, and Australian regions.

Palpi upturned, with the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head,
the 3rd long ; antennae of male with bristles to the joints ;
thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ; tibiae without spines, and
not fringed with hair in male. Fore wing with the apex quadrate.

2581. Fodina oriolus, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 274; C. $ S. no. 2681.

Head and thorax black ; shaft of antennae and a band between
their bases white; abdomen orange. Fore wing black, with a
broad oblique medial white band ; the outer margin and cilia grey.
Hind wing orange ; the apical area black ; an elongate black patch
near anal angle and black streak at anal angle.

Hab. Sikhim ; Sylhet. Exp. 48 millim.

TOL. II. 2 M

530 NOCTUIDJE.

2582. Podina paUula, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 275 ; C. $ S. no. 2682.

Differs from oriolus in the base of the hind wing being fuscous
black and joined to the patch near anal angle.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Assam ; Calcutta ; Ceylon. Exp.
42 millim.

2583. Fodina stola, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 275 ; C. 8f S. no. 2683.
Fodina postmaculata, Hmpsn. III. Het. ix, p. 113, pi. 105, fig. 5.

Head and thorax bright red-brown ; collar and metathorax

oanded with whitish ; abdomen orange. Fore wing with the basal

part of costa purplish ; a large irre-
gular red-brown patch on basal half
of wing, with ochreous edges and
running out to an angle on vein 2 ;
the area between it and the large
red-brown patch occupying the apical
area, and extending nearly to outer
angle, ochreous ; an ochreous mar-
ginal line ; the cilia grey. Hind

Fig. 295.— Fodina stola, tf . {. wing orange, with the apical area

fuscous black ; traces of a fuscous

patch near anal angle. Underside orange, with dark medial patch

to fore wing and apical patches to both wings.

The Ceylonese form postmaculata is smaller, with the band of

the fore wing between the red-brown patches narrower and

whiter; hind wing with the black patch at anal angle large;

underside more uniform orange.

Bab. N.W. Himalayas; ISikhim ; Bhutan; Moulmein; Ceylon.

Exp. 36-46 millim.

2584. Fodina cuneigera, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 79, pi. 132, fig. 5.

Head and collar chestnut, the latter with a white band ; thorax
black; abdomen ochreous fuscous. Fore wing ochreous brown,
suffused with fuscous ; the costa purplish ; a large, black, white-
edged, triangular basal patch ; a smaller triangular purplish-black
patch on costa before apex. Hind wing brownish ochreous suf-
fused with fuscous ; the apical area fuscous.

Hab. Kangra ; Gran jam ; Nilgiris. Exp. 40 millim.

2585. Fodina juncta, n. sp.

c? • Head and thorax dark brown ; a pale band on metathorax ;
abdomen fuscous. Fore wing with the base brown, followed by an
oblique white band; a large irregular dark brown patch with white
edges on medial area, joined to a quadrate apical patch, and haviug
the medial costal area and area near outer angle pale brown ; a
black speck at end of cell. Hind wing dark fuscous.

Bab. Sikhim (Dudyeon). E^p. 26 nii'lim. Type in coll. Moore.

GEAMMODES. 531

Genus GRAMMODES.

Grammodes, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 275 (1852).
Colbusa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 978 (1865).

Type, G. geometrica, Fabr.

Range. W. Africa ; China ; Formosa ; throughout India, Ceylon,
and Burma ; Java ; Borneo ; Australia ; Fiji.

Palpi upturned, reaching just above vertex of head, the 3rd
joint minute ; antennae almost simple in male ; thorax and abdomen
smoothly scaled and somewhat slender ; tibiae clothed with rather
long hair, the mid tibiae spined. Fore wing short and broad, the
apex somewhat acute.

Larvae, with 3 pairs of abdominal prolegs.

2586. Grammodes mygdon, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 156, G ; C. $ 8.

no. 2678.
Chalciope mygdonias, Hiibn. Verz. p. 268.

Head and thorax dark red-brown ; abdomen greyish fuscous.
Fore wing purplish grey ; the costa ochreous ; a large red-brown
patch occupying the whole wing except the costal and outer areas,
and crossed by an oblique ochreous band, its costal and outer
edges bordered by reddish ochreous, their angle almost joined by
a red-brown streak from the apex ; a submarginal series of specks.
Hind wing fuscous ; the cilia grey below apex and at outer angle.

Hob. China ; Formosa ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
Java ; Borneo. Exp. 36-40 millim.

2587. Grammodes geometrica, Fair. Syst. Ent. p. 599.

Phalaena ammonia, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii. pi. 250, D; C. & S.
no. 2676.

Noctua bifasciata, Petag. Sp. Ins. p. 38, fig. 26.
Noctua linearis, Hiibn. Beitr. ii, p. 26 T.
Noctua parellaris, Hiibn. Noct. pi. 66, fig. 324.
Noctua chalciptera, Borkh. Schmett. Eur. iv, p. 771.
Grammodes congenita, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1443.

Grey-brown. Fore wing with a large black patch occupying the

whole wing except the basal,
costal, and outer areas, its outer
edge waved and joined by an
oblique streak from the apex ;
ante- and postmedial lines re-
curved below the costa, with
whitish bands outside them on
the black patch ; the outer part
of the postmedial baud pale
Fig. 296. fulvous. Hind wing fuscous,

with medial pale band; the cilia
white at apex and anal angle.

Hal. Europe ; Africa ; Formosa ; throughout India and Ceylon ;
Java ; Australia. E*rp. 26 (dwarf) to 45 millim.

2M2

532 NOCTTJID^E.

2588. Grammodes stolida, Fair. Syst. Ent. p. 599 j C. # S. no. 2670.
Noctua cingularis, Hiibn. Noct. pi. 76, fig. 352.

Differs from geometrica in being greyer. Fore wing with the
inner edge of the postmedial line bent inwards at middle ; a white
marginal line ; cilia white at apex. Hind wing with the band
white ; a round white submarginal spot near anal angle.

Hob. Europe ; Africa ; Aden ; throughout N.W. and Penin-
sular India. Exp. 30-40 millim.

Genus ENTOMOGRAMMA.

Entomo gramma, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 203 (1852).
Taramina, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 153 (1884).

Type, E. fautrix, Gruen.

Range. Africa ; Japan ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
Andamans.

Palpi with the 2nd joint thickened and reaching vertex of head,
the 3rd of moderate length ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ;
fore tibioe of male fringed with long hair; mid and hind tibiae
moderately hairy ; mid tibiae spined. Fore wing short and broad ;
the costa arched towards apex ; the outer margin excurved at
centre.

SECT. I. (Entomogramma). Antennas of male ciliated and
without a ridge of scales near base.

A. Palpi with 3rd joint somewhat short.

2589. Entomogramma fautrix, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 204 ; Fdd. Reis.

Nov. pi. 115, fig. 5 ; C.$S. no. 2548.

Fuscous brown ; the head blackish ; the collar fulvous. Fore
wing with a fulvous and dark streak below subcostal nervure from
the base to the apex ; the basal part of costa purplish ; ante-
medial and medial nearly straight lines angled below the costa ;
an irregularly waved postmedial line angled below costa and near
inner margin, followed by a straight fulvous line and a submar-
ginal waved line ; a black spot at end of cell. Hind wing with
indistinct antemedial line ; a straight medial line ; a highly
dentate postmedial followed by a straight fulvous line ; a submar-
ginal series of specks ; both wings with fine marginal ochreous
line. Underside suffused with fuscous, with some orange on
costal and outer areas, and orange lunules on disk of both wings.

Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Andamans; Java.
Exp. 60 millim.

2590. Entomogramma mediocre, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 949.
Remigia decora, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1015 ; C. fy S. no. 2547.
Remigia antlca, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1016 ; C. 8r S. no. 2546.

<5 . Orange-yellow ; head and collar chestnut ; wings with a

ENTOMOGRAMMA. THERMESIA. 533

few strigse. Fore wing with indistinct antemedial line, angled
below the costa ; a dark lunule at end of cell ; an indistinct post-
inedial line, highly angled beyond cell, and with a slightly waved
line beyond it ; a more prominent double submarginal straight
line, angled below costa, where it is crossed by a fulvous streak
from the apex. Hind wing with indistinct antemedial straight
line and highly dentate medial line; a more prominent double
submarginal straight line ; both wings with fine ochreous marginal
line. Underside brighter yellow; both wings with cell-spot and
three series of brown spots on outer area.

2 with the upperside of thorax, base of abdomen, and wings
suffused with grey, and with the markings much more prominent.

Hob. Coimbatore ; Nilgiris. Exp. 50 millim.

SECT. II. (Taramina). Male with the antennae pectinated with
uniseriate branches to two-thirds length, the basal part
thickened by a ridge of thick scales above.

2591. Entomogramma tortum, Guen. Noct. iii, p, 204; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl iii, pi. 166, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 2550.
Entornogramma squarnicornis, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 115, fig. 3.

Differs from fautrioc in being reddish brown without the fuscous
tinge. Fore wing with no fuscous below the fulvous subcostal
streak; the spot at end of cell outlined with black; the post-
medial line dentate. Underside not suffused with fuscous, so that
the lunulate lines are prominent.

Fig. 297. — Entonwgramma tortum,

Hab. Throughout W. and S. India ; Ceylon ; Java. Exp
54 millim.

Genus THERMESIA.

Thermesia, Hiibn. Verz. p. 270 (1818).
Azazia, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1576 (1858).
Hypospila, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 358 (1852).
Tochara, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 175 (1882).
Blasticorhinus, Butl A. M. N. H. (6) xii, p. 46 (1893).

Type, T. gemmatalis, Hiibn., from America.

Range. Throughout the tropical and subtropical zones ; Japan.

534 NOCTUID^E.

Palpi obliquely upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head ;
a sharp frontal tuft ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ; tibiae
not spined and moderately hairy. Fore wing with the costa highly
arched before the apex, which is acute.
. Larvce with 4 pairs of abdominal prolegs.

The typical section (Sect. I.) has a large tuft of hair on mid
tibiae and a small tuft at base of hind tibiae.

SECT. II. Palpi with the 3rd joint rather shorter than in the
typical section. Male with no tufts on tibiae.

A. (Azazia). Hind wing with normal neuration in male ;
no fold on inner margin.

a. Antennce of male with bristles and cilia.

2592. Thermesia rubricans. Boisd. Faun. JEnt. Madaa., Lep. p. 106,

pi. 16, fig. 1; C. $ S. no. 2815.
Therraesia transducta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1058.
Thermesia consueta, Wlk. Char. Undescr. Lep. Het. p. 93.

Eufous or grey-brown ; palpi
chestnut. Fore wing with indis-
tinct subbasal curved line ; a white
speck in cell; the reniform very
large, with t\vo dark specks on it ;
a postmedial rufous line, very
highly angled below the costa and
joined by a dark apical streak ; a
Fig. 298. submarginal series of dark specks ;

Thermesia rubricans, <$ . \. a rufous marginal line. Hind

wing with rufous medial line, post-

medial series of specks, and marginal rufous line. Underside
much suffused with red ; a white spot at end of cell, curved post-
medial line and submarginal series of black and white lunules.

Hob. Africa ; throughout the Indian region ; Java and Pacific
Islands. Exp. 40-46 millim.

2593. Thermesia subcostalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1059; C. $ S.

no. 2774.

$ . Grey, irrorated with red-brown. Fore wing with a brown
and fuscous fascia from base of inner margin to upper angle of
cell, and thence to apex ; an antemedial line from costa to sub-
costal nervure ; nearly straight medial and postmedial lines, angled
below the costa ; a submarginal line, angled outwards at vein 3,
then dentate to inner margin ; an almost marginal series of black
specks. Hind wing with speck at end of cell ; a medial oblique
line, joined at inner margin by a curved postmedial line ; a dentate
submarginal line ; an almost marginal series of dark specks.

Hob. Moulmein. Earp. 40 millim.

2594. Thermesia enervis, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 231, pi. 8,

fig. 8.

$ . Differs from rivulosa (p. 536) in being more uniformly brown ;

THERMESIA. 535

both wings with the lines evenly and obliquely curved ; a straight
submarginal ochreous and fulvous line ; a marginal series of dark
specks.

Hob. Rangoon. Exp. 28 millim.

2595. Thermesia oblita, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 176; C. $ S. no. 2771.

Head black ; thorax ochreous ; abdomen fuscous. Fore wing
ochreous, suffused with fuscous, except the apical costal area ;
six indistinct curved and waved lines ; a black speck in cell and
whitish spot at lower angle. Hind wing ochreous, suffused with
fuscous ; indistinct antemedial, medial, and postmedial waved lines,
the medial line with some ochreous suffusion beyond it ; a nearly
straight submarginal line with ochreous beyond it. Underside
ochreous, with fuscous lines and bands.

Hab. Pareshnath; Khasis; Khy en Hills, Burma. Exp. 32millirn*

2596. Thermesia arefacta, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 521, pi. 48. fig. 2

C. $ S. no. 2698.

<J . Ochreous. Fore wing with traces of waved lines ; both
wings with a more prominent postmedial waved line, followed by
a fuscous band and submarginal waved lines ; a crenulate marginal
line and series of specks on the veins.

Hab. Sind. Exp. 32 millim.

2597. Thermesia oLliqua. Moore. P. Z. S. 1867. p. 80; C. $ S.

no. 2324.

3 . Ochreous suffused with rufous. Head and collar chestnut
Fore wing with dark specks at centre and end of cell ; an oblique
pale antemedial band with dark edges from median nervure to
inner margin ; a line from apex to centre of inner margin, beyond
which the area is rather darker, with an oblique ochreous line from
below apex to inner margin ; traces of two submarginal lines, and a
marginal series of dark specks. Hind wing with dark speck
in cell ; an oblique pale medial line ; traces of postmedial and sub-
marginal lines and a marginal series of black specks.

£ much browner and greyer.

Hab. Khasis. Exp. 36 millim.

2598. Thermesia melanocephala, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 82, pi. 146

fig. 9.
Poaphila inarmorea, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 82, pi. 146, fig. 7.

Ochreous ; the head black. Fore wing with indistinct waved
subbasal, autemedial, medial, postmedial, and two submargmal
lines, the postmedial line bent outwards beyond cell ; a line cii
discocellulars. Hind wing with black speck at end of cell ; waved
medial line and submargmal series of black specks. Underside
with prominent dentate postmedial and two submarginal bands to
each wing.

536 NOCTITIDjE.

The form marmorea is suffused with fuscous, and has the
markings of upperside more prominent.
Hob. Nilgiris. Exp. 30-34 millim.

2599. Thermesia mediorufa, n. sp.

$ . Head and thorax reddish brown ; abdomen fuscous. Fore
wing brown, with a slight purplish suffusion ; a small ferruginous
patch on base of costa ; the medial area ferruginous with dark
edges, the outer edge incurved below the cell ; a dark speck in
cell and large indistinct reniforrn ; an indistinct sinuous sub-
marginal line and almost marginal series of minute specks ; some
white specks on costa towards apex. Hind wing brown, with two
medial lines, the outer minutely dentate ; an almost marginal
series of minute specks.

Hal). Nagas (Doherty}. Exp. 44 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

b. AntenncB of male bipectinated.

2600. Thermesia creberrima, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1574 ; Bull. III. Net.

vi, pi. 112, fig. 8 ; C. 8f S. no. 2769.

Iluza pyralina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 610 ; C. $ S. no. 231(5.
Tockara obliqua, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 175, pi. 6, tig. 27 ; (!. $ S.

no. 2327.

Differs from bolinoides in being yellow-brown.
Hab. Sylhet; Andamans. E.vp. 42 millim.

B. (Blasticorhinus). Hind wing of male with normal neuration ; a
large vesicular fold on base of inner margin, with a tuft of long
hair attached to it.

a. The apex of the vesicular fold truncate.

2601. Thermesia rivulosa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1060; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. iii, pi. 174, fig. 5 ; C. $ 8. no. 2766.

$ . Eeddish grey-brown. Fore wing with antemedial sinuous
line ; a dark spot on discocellulars and speck at origin of vein 2,
an irregularly waved postrnedial line ; a waved sub marginal line,
with the area beyond it fuscous brown ; a curved fulvous and
ochreous line from the apex to vein 3. Hind wing with sinuous
medial line ; lunulate postmedial and submarginai lines ; the outer
area fuscous brown ; both wings with fine marginal ochreous line.

Hab. Moulmein ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Java. Exp. 32 millim.

b. The apex of the vesicular fold produced to a long point.

2602. Thermesia otophora, n. sp.

Differs from rivulosa in being large and more uniformly coloured ;
hind wing with five lines, additional ante- and postmedial lines
being present.

Hab. Nagas (Doherty). Exp. 40 millim. Type in coll. Elwes.

THEEMESIA. — ISCHYJA. 537

C. (Hypospila). Male with the antennae ciliated ; the cell of hind
wing short, veins 7 and 8 distorted, 6 given off below angle of
cell.

2603. Thermesia bolinoides, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 358 ; C. $ S. no. 2348.

Therinesia signipalpis, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1572.

Differs from rubricans in the colour being almost always much
darker red-brown ; palpi black, wbite at tips. Fore wing with the
reniform reduced to a pale speck ; the postmedial line less oblique,
arising from the costa before apex, and not angled. Hind wing
with the postmedial line straight.

Hob. China; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Andamans.
Exp. 44 millim.

Genus ISCHYJA.

Ischyja, Hilbn. Verz. p. 265 (1818).
Potamophora, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 122 (1852).

Type, /. manlia, Cram.

Range. China; Philippines; throughout the Indian region;
Sumatra ; Java ; Borneo.

Palpi with the 2nd joint broad and rectangularly scaled, reaching
vertex of head, the 3rd long, naked, blunt, and oblique ; antennae
thickened and fasciculate in male; thorax and abdomen smoothly
scaled ; tibiae without spines ; fore tibiae with a triangular tuft of
hair ; mid tibiae slightly fringed ; hind tibiae clothed with long hair.
Eore wing with the costa highly arched towards apex, which is
produced and acute ; the outer margin obliquely curved. Hind
wing with the cell very short ; male with veins 2, 3, 4 running
close together to near outer margin.

Larvce with four pairs of abdominal prolegs.

2604. Ischyja manlia, Cram. Pap.Exot. i, pi. 92, A; Moore, Lep.Ceyl.

iii, pi. 163, figs. 1, 1 «, b (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2492.

c? . Head and thorax red-brown : abdomen fuscous or red-
brown ; a white spot at base of hind tibiae, and others on the
outer spur of mid legs and outer medial spur of hind legs.
Pore wing pale or dark red-brown or olive-brown, irrorated
with dark specks ; traces of antemedial and medial waved
lines ; a straight oblique postmedial line ; the orbicular and
reniform grey or ochreous, or in the form of deep black
quadrate spots with white edges ; black spots below centre and
end of cell generally present, each with a white lunule on it and
conjoined by a streak ; a large ochreous patch sometimes present
from lower end of cell to inner margin ; an obscure waved sub-
marginal line commencing as an oblique streak from the apex.
Hind wing very dark red-brown ; the area near anal angle greyish,
with dark strigae ; a broad, irregularly angled, purplish-blue medial
band from the costa to vein 2 ; a black spot with pale streak on it
above anal angle. Underside of fore wing with white irregular

538

NOCTUIDJE.

postmedial band from the costa to vein 2 ; hind wing with dentate
postmedial white line.

£ . Fore wing much more uniform in colour and without the
black patches ; the oblique line prominent ; hind wing with the
band broader and more regular ; no mark above anal angle. The
colour often very dark.

Fig. 299. — Ischyja manlia, $ . \.

Larva purplish brown and ochreous, irregularly marked with
short black streaks ; the head ochreous, speckled with brown ; the
4th, 5th, 6th, 10th, and llth somites with short dorsal conical
prominences. Pupa efflorescent. Food-plants, Terminalia, Cinna-
momia, &c.

Hob. Philippines ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
Andamans ; Java. Exp., <$ 80-100, $ 96-112 millim.

2605. Ischyja schlegelii, Snell. Tijd v. Ent. xxviii, p. 4, pi. 1, fig. 2.
Ischyja glaucopteron, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 88, pi. 147, fig. 19.

c? . Differs from manlia in the fore wing being dark grey-green;
the antemedial line prominent and angled below the cell ; the
orbicular and reniform grey ; no oblique postmedial line, but the
large grey dark-speckled patch from lower angle of cell to inner
margin prominent, its upper angle joined by a dentate grey line
from the costa and an irregular brown streak from apex ; a marginal
series of white specks. Hind wing with the band narrower and
brighter blue ; underside with the basal area suffused with bluish
white to near the postmedial dentate line.

$ more uniform in colour and greyish brown instead of green,
with an oblique postmedial line and the irregular brown streak
from apex.

Hob. Nilgiris ; Burma ; Java. Exp., <$ 82, $ 96 millim.

PLATYJA.

539

Genus PLATYJA.
Platyja, Hiibn. Verz. p. 268 (1818).

Type, P. ummiiiea, Cram.

Range. China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Penang ;
Java ; Borneo ; Cape York.

Palpi with the 2nd joint broad, quadrately scaled and reaching
vertex of head, the 3rd short, blunt, and naked ; thorax and abdo-
men smooth, the latter clothed with long coarse hair dorsally;
tibiae and hind tarsi very hairy in male. Fore wing with the costa
highly arched towards apex, which is produced and acute ; the
outer margin obliquely curved. Hind wing with the cell short, the
anal angle truncate.

SECT. I. Male with the antennae bipectinate, the branches short ;
mid and hind legs with tufts of very long hair from the femoro-
tibial joint.

2606. Platyja umminea, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, pi. 267, F ; C. $ S.

nos. 2621 & 2760.

Sympis subunita, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 3-44.
Cotuza drepanoides, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1552.
Ginoea removens, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1638.
Hulodes falcata, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 115, fig. 8.
Ophisma trajecta, Wlk. Char. Undescr. Lep. Het. p. 108.

Olivaceous red-brown. Fore wing with a fe\v grey specks ; an
a n tern edial obliquely waved dark line; the orbicular small and dark ;

Fig. 300.— Platyja umminea, <$. \.

reniform with dark outline ; a postmedial crenulate line, highly
excurved beyond the cell, then bent inwards to below middle of
cell above two dark-edged marks, which in the female are filled in
with ochreous, chestnut, or white, and with chestnut rings or spots ;
a dark streak from apex, with some grey below it. Hind wing
with crenulate postmedial line and traces of a submarginal line ;
the cilia tipped with white on both wings. Underside with lines

540 NOCTUID^E.

on the discocellulars, and a crenulate postmedial line with a series
of white specks on it.

Hob. China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Penang ;
Sumatra ; Java ; Borneo ; Cape York. Exp. 48-00 niillim.

SECT. II. Male with the antennas serrate and fasciculate ; tufts of
long scales from the COXSB o( legs ; hiud legs with no tuft of
hair from the femoro-tibial joint.

A. Hind wing with the veins not distorted.
2607. Platyja exviola, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 91, pi. 147, fig. 18.

J . Very dark red-brown ; the 3rd joint of palpi and tarsi
spotted with white. Fore wing with traces of a waved antemedial
line and of large orbicular and reniform stigmata ; two small ring-
marks beyond the cell ; a very indistinct postmedial sinuous line,
highly angled beyond the cell, and bent back above an amphora-
shaped brown mark on vein 2 to below middle of cell ; a sinuous
whitish streak from apex; the outer area suffused with purple; a
marginal series of white specks. Hind wing with the outer ;uv;i
suffused with purple; postmedial and marginal series of white
specks. Underside with postmedial series of white specks ; a
pale sinuous apical streak.

Hab. Nilgiris. Exp. 60 millim.

*2608. Platyja? torsilinea, Guen. Noct. Hi, p. 240.

Black-brown. Wings irrorated with blue-grey, the antemedial
line straight and slightly oblique ; two fine purplish medial lines
striated with rufous, the area between them greyish or reddish
yellow ; postmedial line angled below the costa, then recurved from
vein 2 to lower angle of cell, and with a large series above inner
margin ; the orbicular and reniform prominent and brown, the latter
with two small white ring-marks beyond it and a speck above them
on costa ; a fine wrhite line from the angle of the postmedial line
to apex. Hind wing with a purplish submarginal line striated
with rufous, obsolete towards costa. Underside grey-brown, with
a medial series of white specks on the veins of both wings.

Hab. " Central India." Exp. 48 millim.

B. Hind wing of male with the discocellulars almost obsolete,
veins 6 and 7 curved upwards, 4 and 5 downwards.

2609. Platyja ciacula, Swinh. A. M. N. IL (6) xii, p. 263.

c? . Differs from exviola in the markings of the fore wing being
much more prominent ; the lines ochreous ; the antemedial line
straight and oblique ; the postmedial line \vhite speckled, the mark
enclosed by it ill-defined ; the triangular chocolate patch on costa
before apex prominent. Hind wing with sinuous white-speckled
postmedial line. Both wings with the outer half suffused with
purple throughout.

Hub. Nagas ; Andamans. Exp. 62 millim.

IOKTHA. — CEITHOTE.

541

Genus IONTHA.
lontha, Doubleday, Entomologist, i, p. 297 (1842).

Type, I. umbrina, Doubl.

Range. Sylhet ; Borneo.

3 . Palpi with the 2nd joint much thickened and reaching vertex
of head, the 3rd naked and blunt ; antennae serrate ; thorax and
abdomen smoothly scaled, the latter very long and with immensely
developed tufts of hair at extremity ; fore tibiae hairy ; hind tibiae
and 1st joint of tarsi fringed with hair on the outer side. Fore

Fig. 301. — lontha umbrina, <$ . \.

wing with the costa arched towards apex, which is acute ; the
outer margin oblique ; the inner margin arched. Hind wing with
the apex much produced and acute ; the outer margin oblique and
produced into a large lobe near anal angle ; vein 3 given off long
before end of cell ; 8 running rather close to 7 to beyond end of
cell.

2610. lontha umbrina, Doubl. Entom. i, p. 298 ; C. fy S. no. 2594.

$ . Dark fuscous brown ; abdomen with the anal tuft black.
Fore wing with a speck in the cell ; both wings with marginal
purplish grey band.

Hal). Sylhet ; Borneo. Exp. GO millim.

Genus CEITHOTE.
Crithote, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 182 (18G4).

Type, C. horridipes, Wlk.

Range. Khasis ; Canara ; Borneo.

3 . Palpi with the 2nd joint thickened and reaching vertex of
head, the 3rd short, naked, and blunt ; antennae bipectinated, the
branches short ; thorax smoothly scaled ; abdomen long, clothed

542

dorsally with coarse hair and with large anal tufts ; tibiae without
spines ; mid tibiae moderately hairy and fringed with thin flattened
scales on the inner side ; hind tibiae and tarsi with immensely
developed tufts of hair. Tore wing arched towards apex, which is
quadrate ; the outer margin straight. Hind wing with the apex
produced and acute; the outer margin straight to vein 2, then
excised to anal angle ; the inner margin fringed with long hair.

2611. Crithote horridipes, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 183.

c? . Dark fuscous brown ; the anal tufts and tufts on hind legs
black. Fore wing with the basal and outer areas greyish.

Fig. 302.— Crithote
Hob. Khasis ; Canara ; Borneo. Exp. 40 milliin.

Genus HARMATELIA.
Harmatelia, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 182 (1882).

Type, H. basalis, Moore.

Range. Sikhim ; Khasis.

Palpi with the 2nd joint thickened and reaching vertex of head,
the 3rd long and naked ; antennae fasciculated in male ; thorax
clothed with coarse hair ; abdomen with dorsal tufts ; tibiae slightly
hairy and without spines. Fore wing with the apex somewhat
acute ; the outer margin slightly angled at centre.

Fig. 303.— Harmatelia basalis, tf . \.

2612. Harmatelia basalis, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 183, pi. 6, fig. ]3;
C. # S. no. 2726.

Head and thorax reddish brown. Fore wing with the basal
two-thirds reddish black-brown, bounded by a nearly straight pale

HAKMATELTA. — EPISPARIS. 543

line ; a dark speck in cell ; the outer area pale brown, with some
fuscous suffusion and two dark specks near apex ; some white
specks on costa towards apex and a marginal series of minute dark
specks. Abdomen and hind wing fuscous brown. Underside with
cell-spot and traces of two postmedial lines.
Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis. Esop. 50 millim.

Genus EPISPAEIS.

Episparis, Wlk. Cat. x, p. 475 (1856).
Neviasca, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 7 (1858).
Pradiota, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1572 (1866).

Type, E. penetrata, Wlk., from Africa.

Range. Ethiopian and Oriental regions.

Palpi upturned and hairy ; the 3rd joint minute ; a short frontal
tuft ; antennae bipectinated to two-thirds length in male ; thorax
and abdomen clothed with coarse hair ; tibiae hairy. Fore wing
with the costa straight ; the outer margin excised from vein 5 to
outer angle. Hind wing with the outer margin produced to a
point at vein 3 and excised below the point.

2613. Episparis tortuosalis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 81, pi. 7, fig. 5 :

C. # 8. no. 2841.

Head, thorax, and abdomen red-brown ; the tarsi white. Wings
with red-brown shades and dark striae. Fore wing with an in-
distinct highly curved antemedial line ; a dark speck in cell and
minute white lunule on discocellulars ; a purplish patch on disk ;
an indistinct postmedial line, highly excurved beyond cell and with
a sinuous whitish line beyond it, terminating at outer angle, where
it is joined by another white line from near apex, which is dentate
below the costa ; the margin and cilia whitish below the angle.
Hind wing with indistinct medial band ; a postmedial whitish line,
highly angled outwards at vein 5 ; a yellow patch on centre of
outer margin. Underside of fore wing with large, triangular, apical,
chocolate white-edged patch ; hind wing with the medial area white,
with a white postmedial line and black spot at end of cell; a
crenulate fuscous submarginal line.

Hob. Sikhim ; Nilgiris. Exp. 56 millim.

2614. Episparis varialis, Wlk. Cat. xvi, p. 7 : Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii

pi. 175, fig. 12 ; C. 8f S. no. 2842.
Episparis exprimens, Wlk. Trans. Ent. Soc. (3) i, p. 106 ; C. $ S.

no. 2839.

Episparis signata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1032.
Episparis davallia, Fcld. ltd*. Aov. pi. 120, fig. 41.
Pradiota sejunctata, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1572; C. # S. no. 2840.

Pale dull reddish brown. Fore wing with subbasal and ante-
medial white lines, the latter with the part below the cell displaced

544

outwards ; a yellow patch at lower angle of cell and an irregular
white spot on the discocellulars ; an indistinct medial dark line
excurved round cell ; a pale sinuous postmedial line arising from
a white spot on costa ; a yellow apical patch ; a pale patch on
outer area, with a chocolate lunule on the margin below apex.
Hind wing with dark mark on discocellulars ; indistinct angled

Fig. 304.— Episparis varialis, J . j.

fuscous medial line ; a white postmedial line highly angled beyond
cell ; a chocolate lunule on the margin below7 apex, with a series
of spots from it to anal angle. Underside whitish.

Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Andainans ; Java;
Borneo. Exp. 50 millim.

2615. Episparis sora, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 415.

<5 . Differs from varialis in being much darker brown. Fore
wing with a series of yellow spots on costa ; the white spot and
yellow patch at end of cell minute ; the submarginal line dark ;
no lunule or white suffusion on outer margin. Hind wing with
the postmedial line dark and more angled ; no white suffusion.
Hub. Sikhim ; Tenasserim. Exp. 52 milliin.

Genus CLATERNA.

Claterna, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1543 (1658).
Trigonia, Guen. Delt. Sf Pyr. p. 11 (1854), prjeocc.

Type, C. cydonia, Cram.

Range. Ceylon ; Java ; Celebes.

Differs from Episparis in the palpi having the 3rd joint longer ;
the antenna of male ciliated. Hind wing with the outer margin
angled instead of being produced to a point ; female with the outer
margin of both wings very slightly angled.

2616. Claterna cydonia, Cram. Pap. Exot. i, pi. 22, F; C. $ S.

no. 2843.

Focilla submemorans, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1533.
Claterna exagens, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1543.

Fuscous brown ; the tarsi white. Fore wing with indistinct
antemedial curved bluish-white line, with some diffused white scales
near it ; a white line on discocellulars ; a postmedial line ex-

CLATEBNA. — AMPHIGONIA.

545

curved beyond cell, with diffused white inside it and a large dark

patch beyond it on the costa ; a
triangular white spot on costa
before apex, with some white
specks below it. Hind wing with
indistinct irregular medial line
and some white marks inside it ;
a white patch on outer margin
from the angle to anal angle ;
a series of dark strigae on margin.
Underside with small black speck
in cell of fore wing ; hind wing
with black speck in cell and

Fig. 305.
Claterna cydonia,

\-

Hob. Ceylon ; Java ; Celebes.

lunule at end of it.

<$ 50, $ 45 millim.

Genus AMPHIGONIA.

Amphigonia, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 337 (1852).

Type, A. hepatizans, Guen.

Range. Neotropical and Oriental regions.

Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching above vertex of head ; the 3rd
joint in male curved forwards, with a tuft of hair on inner side ;
antennae of male very long and minutely ciliated ; thorax and
abdomen smoothly scaled ; tibiae hairy. Fore wing arched towards
apex, which is produced and acute ; the outer margin highly angled
at centre. Hind wing with the outer margin produced to a curved
point at vein 4.

2617. Amphigonia hepatizans, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 338, pi. 24, fig. 12 ;
Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 173, fig. 4; C. $ S. no. 2758.

Dark fuscous, with a purplish tinge. Tore wing with short
subbasal waved antemedial and indistinct postmedial lines, incurved
below end of cell : a rufous speck on discocellulars ; a submarginal

Fig. 306. — Amphigoma hepatizans,

}-.

line with a sinus from below apex to below centre, its arc crossed
by a crenulate rufous line ; the outer area pale red-brown, except
at apex. Hind wing \vith indistinct curved medial line and dentate

TOL. II. 2tf

546

postmedial line. Underside with lunule at end of cell and straight
postmedial line to both wings ; fore wing with subapical spot.

Hob. Peninsular India, Ceylon, Burma ; Andamans. Exp. 60
millim.

Genus BEMATHA.
Bematha, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1095 (1865).

Type, B. extensa, Wlk.

Range. " N. India."

Palpi upturned and reaching just above vertex of head ; antennae

Fig. 3Q7.—Bemafha extensa, <$ . \.

thickly ciliated ; thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled ; tibiae hairy
and not spined. Fore wing with the costa nearly straight ; the
outer margin obliquely rounded.

2618. Bematha extensa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1095; C. $ S. no. 3024.

<$ . Orange-yellow ; the tarsi white. Fore wing with the costa
and outer area suffused with rufous ; a dark speck in cell and
some white specks on discocellulars ; an indistinct rufous waved
line just beyond the middle and crenulate fuscous postmedial line.
Hind wing with sinuous medial line and crenulate postmedial line.
Underside with some rosy suffusion and white below costa of
fore wing.

Hob. " N. India." Exp. 50 millim.

Genus OXYODES.
Oxyodes, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 128 (1852).

Type, 0. scrobiculata, Fabr.

Range. China ; throughout the Indian region ; Java ; Australia ;

-Fiji-
Palpi upturned and smoothly scaled, the 2nd joint reaching
vertex of head, the 3rd long ; antennas almost simple ; thorax and
abdomen smoothly scaled and somewhat slender ; tibiae not spined ;
fore tibiaa fringed with hair. Fore wing with the apex produced
and acute ; the outer margin slightly excised and the cilia crenulate.

2619. Oxyodes scrobiculata, Fabr. Sp. Ins. ii, p. 212 ; Moore, Lep

Ceyl. iii, pi. 164, fig. 1 ; C. 8f S. no. 2497.
Phalsena clytia, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv, pi. 399, G.

OXYODES. — HAMODES. 547

Ochreous-brown or yellow-ochreous. Fore wing with subbasal,
antemedial, medial, two postmedial, and a submarginal indistinct
waved line; the orbicular and reniform with black edges and often
filled in with black ; a lunulate mark often present below the cell.

Fig. 308.— Oxyodes scrobiculata, tf . \.

Hind wing with a broad black fascia below the costa ; two post-
medial lines; an indistinct series of submarginal lunules. Under-
side brown, irrorated with grey ; both wings with the inner area
ochreous ; a speck at end of cell ; a postmedial line and blackish
blotches on outer area.

Hab. China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Java ; Fiji
Exp. 64 millim.

Genus HAMODES.

Hamodes, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 202 (1852).
Arinana, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 250.
Kalmina, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 480.

Type, H. propitia, Guen., from New Ireland.

Range. Throughout India and Burma ; Andamans ; New Ireland

Palpi reaching vertex of head, the 3rd joint minute ; antennas

minutely fasciculated in male ; head and thorax smoothly scaled ;

tibiae not hairy and without spines. Fore wing usually highly

arched towards apex, which is more or less produced and falcate.

Hind wing with the anal angle truncate ; vein 5 from lower angle

of cell.

SECT. I. Male with no tuft on underside of fore wing ; hind
wing with the costa not arched.

A. Fore wing ivith the outer margin oblique ; the costa
highly arched.

2620. Hamodes aurantiaca, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 203 ; C. $ S. no. 2579.
Ophisma attacicola, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1383 ; C. # S. no. 2578.
Hypernaria discistriga, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 78; C. fy S. no. 2580.
Hamodes marginata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 169 ; C. # S. no. 2581.

2if 2

548

c? . Canary-yellow ; the head above and base of collar black.
Fore wing irrorated with fuscous and with traces of antemedial,
medial, and postmedial lines, the two latter arising from fuscous
patches on the costa ; a speck in cell and lunule at end of it ; a
straight rufous line with yellow band inside it from apex to inner

Fig. 309.— Hamodes aurantiaca, <$ . |.

margin of hind wing above anal angle, sometimes with two dark
blotches inside it on fore wing and one on hind wing, and with
traces of a dentate line beyond it. Underside orange, with the
lines rufous, prominent, and maculate.

$ more ochreous in colour.

Hob. W. India ; Sikhim ; Assam ; Burma ; Andamans. Exp.
60-66 millim.

JB. Fore winy with the outer margin erect ; the costa highly arched.

2621. Hamodes unilinea, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 243.

<3 . Ochreous-brovvn, slightly irrorated with black ; head fuscous ;
collar reddish. Fore wing with black speck in cell; an indistinct,
ochreous, slightly waved postmedial line, angled below the costa ;
traces of a dentate submarginal line. Hind wing with spot at end
of cell ; straight brown and ochreous medial line and traces of
dentate submarginal line ; both wings with series of marginal dark
specks.

Hob. Beeling, Burma. Exp. 44 millim.

SECT. II. (Kalmina). Fore wing of male with large tuft of hair
on underside below end of cell ; the median nervure bent
upwards ; the costa highly arched. Hind wing with the costa
immensely arched ; the costal nervure bent upwards.

2622. Hamodes ochracea, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1891, p. 481. pi. 19,
fig. 3.

c? . Differs from aurantiaca in being bright orange. Fore wing
with no black spot on costa above the reniform ; the outer area

HAMODES. PLEURONA. 549

bright rufous ; the inner part of the oblique line grey. Hind wing
with the waved suffusion beyond the oblique line rufous.
Hal. Khasis. Exp. 60 millim.

SECT. III. (Armana). Fore wing with the costa slightly arched
towards apex, which is but slightly produced; tibiae more
hairy.

2623. Hamodes nigriricta, Swinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 250,
pi. 8, fig. 1.

c? . Differs from aurantiaca in being much less irrorated with
black. Fore wing with minute black specks in cell and at end of it ;
no dark marks on costa ; the double oblique lines with the inner
one prominent, filled in with pinkish, not bent out to apex of fore
wings, and with a black spot beyond them at anal angle ; no traces
of dentate line beyond them.

Hob. Bassein, Pegu. Exp. 40 millim.

Genus PLEURONA.

Pleurona, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1564 (1866).
Chilkasa, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 853.

Type, P. falcata, Wlk.

Range. Bombay; Burma; Andamans.

Palpi obliquely porrect, the 3rd joint minute ; a sharp frontal
tuft ; thorax and abdomen clothed with coarse hair. Fore wing
with the costa excised, then very highly arched towards apex, which
is produced and acute, the outer margin excurved at the middle.

SECT. I. (Chilkasa)* Antennae of male fasciculated and with very
long setae on upperside. Fore and hind tibiae fringed with
very long thick hair ; mid tibiae with immense tufts of hair.

2624. Pleurona perhamata.

Chilkasa falcata, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 854 ; C. $ S. no. 3241
(praeocc.).

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish ochreous. Fore
wing with the basal two-thirds brownish ochreous, slightly irrorated
with fuscous ; sinuous, very indistinct, antemedial and medial
lines ; a double slightly sinuous postmedial line, with the area
beyond it chocolate. Hind wing with the basal half brownish
ochreous irrorated with fuscous ; a double medial line with
diffused chocolate beyond it shading off to the marginal area ;
both wings with fine marginal ochreous line. Underside with
medial and postmedial nearly straight lines to both wings.

Hab. Bombay ; Rangoon. Exp. 52 millim.

550

SECT. II. (Pleurona). Antennae of male ciliated and without the
long setae ; tibiae without the long tufts and fringe of hair.

2625. Pleurona falcata, Wlk. Cat. xxxv, p. 1564 j Moore, P. Z. S.
1877, p. 612, pi. 60, fig. 6 j C. $ 8. no. 2823.

Bright red-brown ; palpi, fore legs and claspers fulvous. Fore
wing with indistinct subbasal and antemedial lines ; very in-
distinct orbicular and reniform spots ;
a darker ill-defined medial band ; a
very indistinct posttnedial line, ex-
curved beyond cell and with a paler
triangular patch on the costa beyond
it ; a submarginal series of pale specks
and marginal series of dark specks.
Hind wing with pale speck at end
of cell ; indistinct sinuous medial and
postrnedial lines, the latter with a
fulvous line beyond it ; series of dark

submarginal and pale marginal specks. Underside of fore wing
with the costa, orbicular and reniform spots pale ; a straight sub-
marginal line ; hind wing with pale cell-spot and crenulate sub-
marginal line ; both wings with indistinct medial and post medial
lines.

Hob. Burma ; Andamans. Exp. 38 millim.

Fig. 310.
Pleurona falcata,

[.

Genus LYCIMNA.
Lycimna, Wlk. Cat. xx, p. 214 (1860).

Type, L. potymesata, Wlk.

Range. Sikhim ; Assam ; Burma.

Palpi obliquely upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head
and much thickened, the 3rd short. Antennae minutely ciliated ;
thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled, the patagia long ; tibiae
moderately hairy and without spines. Fore wing with the costa
arched at base, then slightly excised to apex, which is produced
and acute ; the outer margin highly angled at vein 4. Hind wing
with the anal angle truncate.

Fig. 311. — Lycimna polymesata, $. \.

2626. Lycimna polymesata, Wlk. Cat. xx, p. 215; C. $ S.no. 3185.
Head and thorax orange ; abdomen pale reddish ; wings pale

LYCIMNA. — OMMATOPHORA. 551

reddish and orange, irrorated with black. Fore wing with three
indistinct waved black lines on basal area ; a small orbicular
spot; traces of numerous indistinct waved lines on outer half
of wing, crossed by a more prominent oblique line from costa near
apex ; a small hyaline spot between veins 3 and 4 ; a submarginal
series of black specks. Hind wing with oblique antemedial line ;
three indistinct waved lines on postmedial area ; a submarginal
series of black specks.

Hob. Sikhim ; Assam ; Burma. Exp. 44 millim.

Genus HOM53A.
Homgea, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 206 (1852).

Type, H. clathrum^ Guen.

Range. Abyssinia ; Aden ; N.W. India.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head and
roughly scaled, the 3rd prominent ; antennae minutely ciliated ;
thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled and somewhat slender ; mid
tibiae spined ; the tibiae of male fringed with long hair, and the fore
and hind tarsi fringed with hair. Fore wing with the apex some-
what rounded.

2627. Homaea clathrum, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 207 ; C. $ S. no. 2551.

Head and thorax pale, mottled with dark brown ; abdomen
fuscous, ringed with white. Fore wing fuscous brown, with numerous

Fig. 312. — Homcea clathrum,

indistinct pale waved lines ; oblique whitish ante- and postmedial
bands, with a fine line beyond each, the veins between the bands
whitish, and a whitish patch on the discocellulars ; an irregularly
waved black submarginal line and crenulate marginal line. Hind
wing similar, but with one band only, which is medial. Underside
of both wings with a black grey-suffused postmedial band.
Hob. Abyssinia; Aden; N.W.India. Exp. 40-44 millim.

Genus OMMATOPHOKA.

Ommatophora, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 190 (1852).

Type, 0. luminosa, Cram.
Range. Sikhim ; Assam ; Java ; Philippines.
Palpi with the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the 3rd naked ;
antennae almost simple ; thorax and abdomen smoothly clothed

552 NOCTUIDJE.

with hair; tibiae thickly fringed with hair especially the fore
tibiae ; hind tarsi fringed with hair on upperside. Fore wing
with the apex nearly rectangular. Hind wing with vein 5 from
lower angle of cell, which is rather short.

2628. Ommatophora luminosa, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii, pi. 274, D ;

C. # 8. no. 2545.
Ommatophora fulvastru, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 191.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown; palpi with a black
spot at base ; a black shoulder-stripe. Fore wing brown ; the
basal and costal areas suffused with glistening purplish, the post-
medial area with vinous red ; curved subbasal and waved ante-
medial black lines ; an ocellus beyond end of cell composed of a
white-edged brown lunule on inner side, a blackish pupil with
greenish-yellow patch on it, the outer edge black and arising from

Fig. 313. — Ommatophora luminosa, <$. \.

a black spot above the pupil; a postmedial line oblique and
whitish from the costa to vein 6, then becoming a curved black
line with greenish lower edge to below the ocellus, and thence
sinuous to inner margin ; an indistinct, pale, oblique submarginal
line, dentate near costa and inner margin. Hind wing with fuscous
medial line; highly dentate postmedial, with two indistinct
i'uscous lines beyond it; both wings with two crenulate black
lines inside the margin ; underside with large black cell-spot and
some white marks on a diffused submarginal band.

Hob. Sikhim ; Assam ; Java ; Philippines. Exp. 62 millim.

Genus SPIRAMA.

Spirama, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 194 (1852).
Hypopyra, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 198.
Emnonodia, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1332.
Maxula, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1096 (1865).

Type, S. retorta, Linn.

Range. Japan ; China ; Chusan ; throughout India, Ceylon, and
Burma ; Andamans ; Borneo ; Java.

Differs from Ommatophora in the antennae usually being minutely
fasciculate in male, the tibiae not hairy, and the mid tibiae spined.

SPIRAMA.

553

SECT. I. (Spirama). Fore wing with the costa arched towards
apex, which is nearly rectangular ; male with a fold on inner
area of hind wing, containing an erectile ridge of very long
hair ; antennae fasciculate.

2629. Spirama retorta, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 116,F; C. $ S.

no. 2561.

Noctua spiralis, Fabr. Sp. Ins. ii, p. 211.
Speiredonia helicina, Hilbn. Zutr. iii, 14, figs. 437, 438: C. fy S.

no. 2559.

Spirama suff'umosa, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 195.
Spirama triloba, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 197 ; C. fy S. no. 2562.
Hypopyra mollis, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 198.
Spirama remota, Feld. Sitzb. Akad. Wiss. Wien, M. N. Cl. xliii,

p. 43.

Erebus chemista, Koll. HilgeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 475.
Spiramia cohaereus, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1321 ; C. $ S. no. 2558.
Spirama simplicior, Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 198.
Spirama modesta, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 168 ; C. fy 8. no. 2560.
Spirama rosacea, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 78, pi. 132, figs. 9-10.
Spirama confusa, Butl. III. Het. vii, p. 78, pi. 133, figs. 6-8.
Spiramia indenta, Hmpsn. III. Het. viii, p. 89, pi. 147, figs. 20-21.

c? . Head and collar dark chestnut-brown ; thorax paler with
dark bands ; abdomen crimson with triangular black dorsal patches.
Wings fuscous brown. Fore wing with the costal and outer areas
more or less suffused with purplish and sometimes with an olive
tinge ; an antemedial line excurved below costa, then oblique to

Fig. 314. — Spirama retorta, $ . \.

inner margin ; a large ' inverted-comma ' mark beyond end of
cell, with ochreous and black edges and some white on inner edge
of ' tail,' the centre fuscous-black ; a postmedial curved line
passing round the stigma or interrupted by it ; another post-
medial line excurved below costa and slightly sinuous ; two crenu-
ate submarginal lines and two more prominent lines within the

554 NOCTUID^E.

margin. Hind wing with indistinct antemedial, medial, and traces
of two postmedial and a submarginal line. Underside suffused
with dull red and having two medial lines and one postmedial to
each wing.

$ . The ground-colour ochreous. Fore wing with the stigma
larger. Hind wing with the markings prominent ; two ante-
medial lines ; an ochreous submarginal line and two crenulate
black lines inside the margin. Underside orange-scarlet; each
wing with cell-spot, medial, postmedial, and submarginal lines, and
series of lunules inside the margin.

The form helicina is more brightly coloured ; female with the
ochreous submarginal line of hind wing crenulate. Indenta has
the markings not prominent ; the stigma reduced in size and with
two indentations in its outer edge ; male with the thorax pale, the
fore wing suffused with olive and vinous ; female with the sub-
marginal line of hind wing not crenulate. Triloba has the head of
the stigma reduced to three grey spots, often with black centres ;
male with the thorax pale and suffused with vinous and olive ;
female ochreous, with a purplish or, in the form rosacea, bright pink
tinge, all the lines indistinct.

Hob. Japan ; China ; Chusan ; throughout India, Ceylon, and
Burma ; Andamans ; Java. Exp., c? 64-76, $ 66-88 millim.

SECT. II. Fore wing with the costa straighter towards apex, which
is more or less acute and produced ; male with no fold or
long hair on inner area of hind wing.

A. Male with the antennae minutely fasciculate.

a. (Hypopyra). Male with an erectile tuft of long hair from
femoro-tibial joint of fore legs ; the tibice and hind tarsi not
fringed with long hair, nor the hind wing clothed with long
woolly hair on underside.

2630. Spirama vespertilio, Fabr. Mant. Ins. ii, p. 136 ; C. $ S.

no. 2572.

Hypopyra sbiva, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 199 ; C. fy S. no. 2570.
Hypopyra feniseca, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 200 ; C. fy S. no. 2564.

no. 2567.
Hypopyra pallida, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 26 ; Lep. Ceyl. iii;

pi. 166, figs. 1, 1 a • C.fy/S.ni. 2566.
Hypopyra distans, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 169 ; C. # S. no. 2563,

Differs from retorta in the abdomen being crimson, with the
dorsal area grey or brown to near extremity. Fore wing with the
stigma never more developed than in the form indenta and usually
reduced to spots, or to two spots on discocellulars, or altogether
absent ; the outer postmedial line of fore wing and the medial and
submarginal lines of hind wing crenulate.

SPIEAMA. 555

The darkest form is vespertilio, which has the male dark brown ;
the costal and outer areas of fore wing suffused with grey and
olive ; the stigma most developed ; female much paler and greyer.
Feniseca has the male grey suffused with vinous red ; the stigma
much reduced or absent ; there is often some white on the crenu-
late subrnarginal line of both wings ; in a Bornean specimen the
ground-colour is lilacine grey ; the female is paler and greyer,
almost white in the form extricans. Shiva has an ochreous tinge
in both sexes.

Hob. Japan ; China ; thoughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ;
Andamans ; Borneo. Exp., 3 74-90, $ 72-104 millim.

b. (Enmonodia). Male with the tibice and hind tarsi fringed with
very long hair ; no erectile tuft on fore tibia ; the underside
of hind winy clothed ivith long woolly hair.

2631. Spirama pudens, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1329 ; C. $ S. no. 2569.
Enmonodia hypopyroides, Wlk. Cat. xiv, p. 1333.
Hypopyra persimilis, Moore, P. Z. 8. 1877, p. 608; C. $ 8.
no. 2568.

Differs from the form feniseca in the stigma of the fore wing
consisting of a large brown spot beyond the lower angle of cell,
which may be reduced to three spots or be absent in the form
persimilis • the two postmedial lines evenly curved, the outer
crenulate, the inner waved from costa to vein 4.

Hob. Japan ; Andamans ; Sumatra ; Borneo ; Nias. Exp. 92-
106 millim.

B. (Maxula). Antennae of male with bristles and cilia ; fore and
hind tibice sometimes spined.

2632. Spirama unistrigata, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 201 ; C. fy S. no. 2571.
Maxula idonea, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 1096.
Angerona poeusaria, Wlk. Cat. xx, p. 243.

<5 . Differs from vespertilio in being grey speckled with brown ;
the head dark. Fore wing with curved and waved antemedial,
medial, and postmedial lines ; the stigma sometimes well developed,
usually reduced to spots or obsolete ; a pale straight submarginal
line to both wings.

$ paler and greyer.

A Burmese male has the ground-colour lilacine grey ; the female
yellow suffused with grey and vinous red ; a Ceylon male is purplish
with a reddish tinge arid some yellow on postmedial line of fore
wing.

Hob. Sikhim ; Assam ; Burma ; Trincomali. Exp., $ 52-58,
54-68 millim.

556 NOCTTJID.E.

Genus MINIODES.
Miniodes, Guen. Nod. iii, p. 119 (1852).

Type, M. discolor, G-uen., from Africa.

Hob. W. Africa ; N.E. India.

Antennae thickened in male ; palpi with the 2nd joint somewhat
broad and reaching just above vertex of head, the 3rd long, blunt,
and oblique ; thorax smoothly scaled ; abdomen clothed with loDg
hair on dorsum ; legs smoothly scaled ; the tibiae without spines.
Fore wing with the costa highly arched ; the apex slightly pro-
duced ; the inner and outer margins forming a continuous curve.
Hind wing clothed with long hair at base ; the apex nearly quadrate.

In the typical section (Sect. I.) the antennae have long bristles
and cilia in male.

SECT. II. Antennae of male simple ; fore wing with the apex
produced to two slight projections.

2633. Miniodes ornata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 166 ; C. fy S. no. 2488.

Head and thorax fulvous and dark red-brown ; abdomen bluish
black. Fore wing chestnut, thickly irrorated with dark brown ; the

Fig. 315. — Miniodes ornata,

costal area orange-fulvous to beyond the cell ; six indistinct angled
dark lines ; a white black-ringed spot at upper angle of cell, with
a black fascia from it to outer margin below apex ; a large white

MINIODES. — PHYLLODES. 557

black-edged lunule at lower angle o£ cell. Hind wing blue-black,
with the apical area orange, narrowing to vein 2 ; the cilia dark.
Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 140 millim.

Genus PHYLLODES.
Phyllodes, Boisd. Voy. Astrolabe, Lip. p. 246 (1832).

Type, P. conspicillator, Cram., from Amboina.

Range. N.E. India; Burma; Andamans ; Malayan region;
Philippines ; New Gruinea and neighbouring groups of islands.

Differs from Miniodes in the tibiae being heavily spined ; antennae
thickened and simple ; the fore wing narrower ; the inner arid
outer margins quite evenly curved.

Larvce with four pairs of abdominal prolegs.

SECT. I. Palpi with the 3rd joint minute ; fore wing with the
apex produced to a long blunt projection.

2634. Phyllodes ustulata, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 57, pi. 28, fig. 1 ;

C. $ S. no. 2490.
Phyllodes despicillator, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 122.

Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous ; the palpi chestnut. Fore
wing golden brown ; the inner area fuscous ; the basal costal area
chestnut striated with rufous ; a large rufous lunule with dark
edges at end of cell ; a rufous patch beyond the cell and spot below
vein 2 ; fuscous fasciae on and below costa towards apex ; striae of
raised scales on the veins below the cell and in interno-median
interspace. Hind wing fuscous brown ; the apical area orange.

Hob. Sikhim ; Sylhet. Exp. 132 millim.

SECT. II. Palpi with the 2nd joint fringed with very long hair in
front, producing a rounded form ; the 3rd long, oblique, and
knobbed at extremity ; fore wing with the apex produced to
an acute point.

2635. Phyllodes eyndhovii, Toll. Tijd. v. Ent. 1858, ii, p. 86, pi. 6.
Phyllodes fasciata, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 69; C. # S. no. 2486.
Phyllodes semilinea, Wlk. Journ. Linn. Soc. vii, p. 176.

Head and thorax pale red-brown ; the basal joint of antennas
silver ; silver spots at base of fore and mid tibiae. Fore wing pale
golden olive, with traces of six angulated lines ; the orbicular a
black speck ; a sinuous ochreous mark on discocellulars, with double
rufous edge ; an oblique dark streak from apex to below the disco-
cellular mark. Hind wing brownish fuscous, with broad, irregularly
waved, orange medial band with diffused black on each side of it ;
underside with a large orange lunule on a black patch below lower
angle of cell.

Hob. Sikhim ; Assam ; Borneo. E*vp. 136 millim.

558

2636. Phyllodes consobrina, Westw. Cab. Or. Ent. p. 67, pi. 28, fig. 2 ;

C. $ S. no. 2485.

Phyllodes perspicillator, Gnen. Noct. iii, p. 120.
Phyllodes maligera, Butl Ent. Mo. Mag. xx, p.' 138 j C. $ S.

no. 2487.
Phyllodes roseigera, Butl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 164 ; C.&S. no. 2489.

Head and thorax fuscous, with a purple bloom ; abdomen blue-
black. Fore wing fuscous brown, with a purplish gloss and irrorated
with ochreous scales ; the orbicular a brown speck ; an S -shaped
brown mark on discocellulars, its centre outlined with red-brown,
its edges brown, and two white marks on it near its lower
angle ; an oblique ochreous fascia from apex to below angle of cell,
whence it is bent down to inner margin ; a large grey-brown patch
usually present between the fascia and outer angle, with pale striae
on it. Hind wing blue-black ; a large crimson patch with white
centre at anal angle. Underside striated with white and with
whitish between the veins of the fore wing.

Fig. 316. — Phy I odes consobrina,

The form roseigera, from the Andamans, has hardly a trace of
white on the crimson patch.

Hob. Throughout N.E. India ; Burma ; Andamans ; Ceylon.
Exp. 124-142 millim.

Grenus OPHIDERES.

Ophideres, Boisd. Faun. Ent. Madag., Lep. p. 99 (1833).
Trisophaes, Hilbn. Verz. p. 263 (1818), non descr.
Maenas, Hubn. Verz. p. 264.
Rhytia, Hubn. Verz. p. 264.
Othreis, Hubn. Verz. p. 264.

OPHIDERES. 559

Corycia, Hubn. Verz. p. 265.
Adris, Moore, Trans. Z. S. xi, p. 69 (1881).
Khadira, Moore, Trans. Z. S. xi, p. 69.
Purbia, Moore, Trans. Z. S. xi, p. 70.
Argadesa, Moore, Trans. Z. S. xi, p. 74.

Type, O.fullonica, Linn.

Range. Throughout the tropical zone.

Palpi with the 2nd joint thickened and reaching vertex of head,
the 3rd blunt and naked ; antennae minutely ciliated in male ;
metathorax with slight tufts ; abdomen clothed with coarse hair on
dorsum ; tibiae not spined and clothed with long hair. Fore wing
with the costa arched; the apex acute; the inner margin lobed
and with tufts of hair near base and at outer angle.

Larvce with four pairs of abdominal prolegs, the first pair rudi-
mentary.

SECT. I. (Mcenas}. Palpi with the 2nd joint very short and not
spatulate. Pore wing with the outer margin straight ; the
cilia non-crenulate.

2637. Ophideres salaminia, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, 2, p. 17 ; Moore, Lcp.

Ceyl. iii, pi. 161, fig. 1, a, b (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2478.

Head and collar plum-colour ; thorax green, the metathoracic
tufts and abdomen orange. Fore wing golden green ; a broad
cream-coloured costal fascia from near base of inner margin to apex,
striated with pale red and turning to green at costa ; a cream-
coloured marginal band ; a curved red streak below vein 2. Hind
wing orange, with large black lunule beyond lower angle of cell ; a
black marginal band with cilial whitish spots from costa to vein 2.
Underside of fore wing fuscous, orange at base, and with broad
whitish postmedial band not reaching costa or inner margin ; the
cilia whitish.

Larva dark purplish grey with a few whitish specks ; the 4th,
5th, and 6th somites with small yellowish subdorsal spots, beneath
which, on 5th and 6th somites, is a red-ringed black ocellus with
whitish pupil ; llth somite with a conical reddish dorsal tubercle.
Before changing to pupa the colour becomes olive- brown with dark
specks ; a pale lateral fascia on medial somites and purplish fascia
from the tubercle to last abdominal proleg. Food-plant, Menisper-
mum.

Hob. Madagascar ; Formosa ; throughout the Oriental region to
Australia and Fiji. Exp. 80-104 millim.

SECT. II. Palpi with the 3rd joint long and spatulate at
extremity.

A. Fore wing ivith the apex not produced; the outer margin rounded.
a. Fore wing ivith the cilia non-crenulate.

2638. Ophideres ancilla, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 149, F ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl iii. pi. 161, fig. 3, a} b (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2475.

560

Phalaena strigata, Donov. Ins. Ind. pi. 54, fig. 2.
Othreis homoena, Hilbn. Verz. p. 264.
Ophideres bilineosa, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1227.

c? . Head and thorax fulvous brown ; the collar, metathoracic
tufts, and tibiae with an orange tinge ; head and collar with a purple
bloom ; abdomen orange. Fore wing olive-green, suffused with
purplish red-brown and striated with rufous ; dark subbasal and
antemedial lines and slightly curved postmedial line ; traces of
some waved medial lines ; an indistinct reniform stigma and dentate
submarginal line. Hind wing orange, with large black lunule beyond
lower angle of cell ; a submarginal baud with waved edges from
costa to vein 2. Underside of fore wing with the postmedial band
orange.

2 . Fore wing much darker, with deep purple and chocolate tones ;
a broad verditer-green fascia below the cell, sending bars to inner
margin near base and outer angle, and conjoined to the green reni-
form spot.

Larva purplish brown, with numerous blue specks and large
yellow patches on 3rd, 4th, and 5th somites, the two latter forming
ocelli with yellow iris and azure-blue black-edged pupil ; 8th and
9th somites with irregular yellow patches ; a dorsal tubercle on
llth somite. Food-plant, Menispermum. Pupa orange, burnished,
and roughened.

Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp. 80 millim.

b. (Ophideres). Fore wing with the cilia non-crenulate in male,
crenulate in female.

2639. Ophideres Mlonica, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, 2, p. 812 ; Moore, Trans.

Z. S. xi, p. 64, pi. 12, figs. 1, 1 a (larva) ; C. fy S. no. 2477.
Noctua dioscoriae, Fair. Sp. Ins. ii, p. 212.
Phalaena pomona, Cram. Pap. Exot. i, pi. 77, C.
Phalsena cajeta, Cram. Pap. Exot. i, pi. 30, A, B, C ; C. & S.

no. 2476.
Ophideres multiscripta, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1226.

Head and thorax red-brown suffused with plum-colour ; abdomen
orange. Fore wing red-brown, usually with a greenish tinge and
irrorated with dark specks ; an oblique antemedial line, generally
dark and indistinct, but sometimes pale and prominent; the reniform
indistinct ; a curved postmedial line, almost always met by an oblique
streak from apex. Hind wing orange, with a large black lunule
beyond lower angle of cell ; a marginal black band with cilial pale
spots from costa to vein 2. Underside of fore wing with the post-
medial band orange.

5 . Fore wing much more variegated and striated with dark red-
brown ; the reniform dark and sending a spur along median nervure
to below the orbicular speck ; a triangular white mark usually
present on the postmedial line below vein 3.

Larva, llth somite dilated and surmounted by a tubercle ; colour
dark purplish brown, the dorsum brown from 6th to llth somites ;

OPHIDEEES. 561

legs red ; spiracular scarlet patches largest posteriorly and with some
irregular white markings round them, on somite 9 in the form of
an oblique white bar ; a yellow subdorsal mark on 4th somite ;

Fig. 317. — Ophideres fullonica, <$ . {.

black ocelli with yellow iris and white pupils on oth and 6th somites,
and two yellow patches on llth somite.

Hob. Africa ; throughout the Oriental region to New Guinea and
Australia. Exp., d1 80-94, $ 90-110 millim.

c. (Argadesa). Fore wing with tlie cilia crenulate in both sexes.

2640. Ophideres materna, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, 2, p. 840 ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. iii, pi. 161, fig. 2 ; C. fy S. no. 2474.
Noctiia hybrida, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 593.

cJ . Head and thorax greenish grey ; abdomen orange. Fore
wing greenish grey with very numerous faint striated reddish lines ;
three rufous spots at end of cell ; a dark oblique line from near
apex to centre of inner margin ; a silvery patch on vein 1 and
another below lower angle of cell ; a marginal black band with
crenulate inner edge ; a series of white cilial spots. Underside
orange ; fore wing with the costa and apical area blotched with
rufous ; oblique postmedial and subapical black bands ; hind wing
with the apical area blotched with rufous ; a black spot on costa ;
another beyond lower angle of cell ; a marginal black band from
vein 5 to anal angle.

$ with the fore wing much more prominently striated with
rufous ; the silvery patches below and beyond cell very large and
conjoined, crossed by white streaks above vein 2 and beyond cell.

Hab. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma ; Andamans ; Java.
Exp. 96 millim.

VOL. II. 2 O

562 NOCTUIDJE.

B. (Khadira). Fore wing with the apex produced to a rounded lobe.

2641. Ophideres aurantia, Moore, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 607 ; id. Trans.

Z. S. xi, p. 69, pi. 13, fig. 4 ; C. $ S. no. 2481.
Adris rutilus, Moore, Trans. Z. S. xi, p. 70 ; C. fy S. no. 2482.

Head and thorax ferruginous, suffused with plum-colour; abdomen
orange. Fore wing ferruginous, with dark striae and slight purple
bloom ; the veins speckled with blue ; the reniform green and
indistinct ; a dark line from apex to centre of inner margin, some-
times with green patches beyond it. Hind wing orange, with a
large black lunule beyond lower angle of cell; a submarginal patch
between veins 1 and 2. Underside orange ; fore wing with black
mark below angle of cell and beyond the cell between veins 3 and
5 ; hind wing with the lunule and patch of upperside, or the latter
sometimes wanting.

Hob. Ceylon ; Andamans ; Borneo. Exp. 108-120 millim.

SECT. III. Palpi with the 3rd joint highly spatulate at extremity.

A. (Adris). Fore wing highly produced at apex, the outer margin

very obliquely rounded.

2642. Ophideres tyrannus, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 110; Moore, Trans.

Z. S. xi, p. 69, pi. 13, fig. 5 ; C. # S. no. 2483.

Head and thorax dark red-brown with plum-coloured bloom ;
some blue on 3rd joint of palpi and sides of thorax ; fore and mid
tibia3 with a silvery spot near base ; tarsi spotted with white ;
abdomen orange. Tore wing chestnut-red or green, much suffused
and striated with rufous ; an antemedial oblique rufous line ; the
reniform and orbicular green ; a line from apex to centre of inner
margin, often outlined with green and sometimes with pale patches
inside it ; the outer area sometimes with pale patches towards
outer angle ; a blue speck near base and others on the veins. Hind
wing orange, with very large black lunule beyond lower angle of
cell ; a black submarginal band with waved edges from costa to
vein 2. Underside orange ; fore wing with black medial and post-
medial bands ; hind wing with the lunule and a postmedial band.

A Sikhini specimen has the distance between the tufts on lobe
and at outer angle of fore wing longer ; underside with the black
postmedial band conjoined to black marginal suffusion.

Hob. Japan ; China ; throughout the Himalayas ; Calcutta.
Exp. 110-120 millim.

B. (Hhytia). Fore wing not produced at apex ; the outer margin

rounded.

2643. Ophideres hypermnestra, Cram. Pap. Exot. iv, pi. 323, A, B ;

C. fy S. no. 2480.

c? . Head and thorax yellow-green ; palpi, collar, and tegulae

OPHIDERES. — CALPB. 563

marked with grey ; abdomen orange, the anal tuft brown. Fore
wing yellow-green, with dark striae ; some grey patches on inner
and outer areas ; an oblique rufous antemedial line ; a very oblique
rufous line from the costa before apex to centre of inner margin
and curved below the costa, where it is joined by a dark streak
from the apex. Hind wing orange, with a black spot at lower
angle of cell and another above anal angle ; the marginal area black
from apex to vein 2 and with marginal and cilial white spots, its
inner edge waved. Underside of fore wing with the postraedial
band white.

$ with large and small white rufous -striated patches and spots
on fore wing below and beyond cell, at outer angle, and below
apex.

Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp. 88 millim.

2644. Ophideres COCalus, Cram. Pap. Exot. ii, pi. 134, B ; C. fy S.

no. 2479.

Noctua maculata, Weber, Observ. Ent. p. 111.
Ophideres plana, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1226.

Differs from hypermnestra in having no black spot on hind wing ;
the black marginal band with nearly even inner edge and extending
to anal angle.

Hob. " Coromandel " ; Sylhet ; Java. Exp. 86 millim.

2645. Ophideres discrepans, Wlk. Cat. xiii, p. 1227 ; Moore, Trans.

Z. S. xi, p. 71, pi. 14, fig. 1 ; C.fy'S. no. 2484.
Ophideres archon, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 113, fig. 3.

Head and thorax grey-brown, with a purplish bloom ; abdomen
orange. Fore wing purplish grey-brown, irrorated with fuscous ;
traces of medial, post-medial, and submarginal lines ; green patches
at base, middle, and end of cell, two beyond its lower angle with
white spots on them, and some on the submarginal line. Hind
wing orange, with large black lunule beyond end of cell ; a broad
black marginal band from costa to vein 2 ; the cilia chequered
black and white.

Hob. Assam ; Siam ; Singapore ; Java. Exp. 96 millim.

Grenus CALPE.

Calpe, Trdteche, Schmett. Enr. v, pt. ii, p. 138 (1825).
Calyptra, Ochs. Schmett. Eur. iv, p. 78 (1816), praeocc.
Onesia, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 362 (1852).
Culasta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 376.
Hypocalpe, Butl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 157.

Type, C. capucina, Esp., from Europe and Japan.

Ranfje. All regions except the Australian.

Palpi porrect, the 2nd and 3rd joints fringed below with very
long hair ; the frontal tuft large ; metathorax with very slight
tufts ; abdomen with coarse hair on dorsuin ; tibiae without spines

2 o 2

564 NOCTTJIDJE.

and but slightly hairy. Fore wing with the costa slightly arched ;
the apex acute, the outer margin excurved at vein 3 ; the inner
margin lobed near base and at outer angle.
Larvce with 3 pairs of abdominal prolegs.

SECT. I. (Calpe). Antennae of male bipectinate, the branches short.

2646. Calpe ophideroides, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 374; C. # 8. no. 1221.

Head and thorax red-brown, irrorated with grey ; abdomen
orange-yellow. Fore wing red-brown suffused with grey, and
with numerous fine pale striae; traces of subbasal, antemedial, and
medial lines ; black specks at the two angles of cell, a straight
rufous line from apex to inner margin just beyond middle. Hind
wing orange-yellow. Underside orange-yellow, the outer area of
fore wing brownish fuscous.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Nepal ; Singapore. Exp. 70 millim.

2647. Calpe tricolor, Moore, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 19 ; Waterh. Aid. ii,

pi. 150, fig. 4 ; C. $ S. no. 1218.

Differs from ophideroides in the fore wing being more produced
at apex, and with a more silvery sheen ; the subbasal, antemedial,
and medial lines more distinct; the cilia chestnut. Underside
with the outer area of fore wing orange-yellow.

Hob. Kangra. Exp. 56 millim.

2648. Calpe fasciata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 151 ; C. $ 8. no. 1219.

Differs from bicolor in being without the reddish tinge; the
hind wing and underside brown ; the outer angle of fore wing less
hooked.

Hob. Simla; Kangra; Sikhim. Exp. 54 millim.

2649. Calpe orthograpta, Butt. 111. Het. vi, p. 25, pi. 107, fig. 2 ;

C. 8f S. no. 1222.

Differs from fasciata in having the 3rd joint of palpi produced
to a point. Pore wing darker golden brown ; the costa whitish ;
a whitish spot on the indistinct submarginal line. Hind wing
much darker ; underside with dark lunule at end of cell and post-
medial line.

Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 66 millim.

SECT. II. (Orcesia). Antennae of male unipectinate ; palpi with the
3rd joint produced to a point ; fore wing with the outer
margin angled at vein 4.

2650. Calpe emarginata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii, 2, p. 82 ; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. iii, pi. 153, figs. 2, 2 a (larva) ; C. $ & no. 1225.
Oraesia alliciens, Wlh. Cat. xii, p. 945.
Oraesia tentans, Wlk Cat. xii, p. 945.
Oraesia metallescens, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 364.

CALPE. 565

c? . Head and collar fiery orange ; thorax red-brown ; abdomen
fuscous. JFore wing red-brown suffused with purplish ; numerous

indistinct slightly waved oblique lines;

"N. / a dark streak on median nervure ;

^^^^.\^ / an oblique double line from apex to

l^^^jjl /^ inner margin beyond middle, filled in

BMR >jf with pale near apex ; the area beyond

12^ it suffused with gold. Hind wing

ochreous white, suffused with fuscous

towards outer margin.

$ . Eore wing much more varie-
gated ; a diffused chocolate patch
Fig. 318. below middle of cell ; a white streak

Calpe emarginata, $ . \. on vein 2 ; abdomen and hind wing

fuscous.

Larva. Dark violet-brown, with a subdorsal series of scarlet and
yellow spots, and sublateral series of white dots.

Hob. China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp.
42 inillim.

2651 . Calpe rectistria, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 363 ; C. $ S. no. 1227.

3 . Differs from emarc/inata in the fore wing being considerably
longer and more produced at apex ; the abdomen, hind wing, and
underside much paler.

Hal). Dharmsala ; Sikhim ; Sylhet. Exp. 52 millim.

SECT. III. (Culasta). Antennae of male minutely ciliated.

A. Fore wing with the outer margin angled.

2652. Calpe provocans, Wlk. Cat. xh, p. 943 ; C. # S. no. 1226.
Oraesia argyrosigna, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 77, pi. 153, fig. 4 ;

C. # S. no. 1224.

cJ . Differs from the female of emaryinata in the palpi being
dark ; fore wing with a silver streak on vein 2 before the oblique
line ; a silver streak at apex and line on outer margin below apex.

$ darker.

Hob. S. Africa ; Sylhet ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 48 millim.

B. Fore wing with the outer margin rounded.

2653. Calpe mimiticornis, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 374 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.
iii, pi. 153, figs. 3, 3 a (larva) ; C. # S. no. 1220.

Head and thorax pale red-brown, thickly irrorated with grey ;
abdomen pale fuscous. Fore wing paler red-brown, with a silvery
sheen and numerous fine pale striae ; traces of subbasal, antemedial,
and medial oblique lines ; a rufous line from apex to inner margin
beyond middle ; a series of submarginal specks. Hind wing pale
fuscous ; the cilia whitish.

566 NOCTUIDjE.

Differs from capucina only in the antennae not being pectinated ;
a greyer race is found in Manipur.

Larva olive-grey, with a subdorsal series of black-bordered
yellow spots, and a sublateral series of specks enclosed from 4th
somite by a pinkish-bordered black line ; head ochreous, with
paired lateral black spots ; legs pale pink. Food-plant, Cocculus
macrocarpus.

Hob. Throughout India and Ceylon; Java. Exp. 50 millim.

2654. Calpe indecisa, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 377 ; C. $ S. no. 1232.

Tore wing with the lobe and hook on inner margin slight and
with hardly a trace of the tufts of hair.

Head yellow7, irrorated with pink ; thorax grey ; abdomen pale
fuscous. Eore wing grey, with numerous indistinct fuscous specks
and oblique lines, the most distinct being two from near apex, the
outer with an ochreous streak beyond it ; a marginal series of
black specks. Hind wing whitish, suffused with fuscous towards
outer margin.

Hob. Bombay. Exp. 38 millim.

Genus PSEUDOCALPE, nov.

Type, P. angulifera, Moore.

Ranrje. S. Africa ; Aden ; ]ST.W. and W. India ; Nilgiris.

Palpi slender and upturned, reaching vertex of head ; thorax
and abdomen smoothly scaled ; tibiae nearly naked. Eore wing
with the costa nearly straight ; the apex acute ; the outer margin
rounded ; the inner margin lobed and with tufts of hair near base
and at outer angle.

SECT. I. Antennae of male serrate and fasciculated.

2655. Pseudocalpe angulif era, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 373 ; C. # S.

no. 1853.
Dabarita icterica, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 439, pi. 40, fig. 8 ;

C. # S. no. 1117.

Anthophila innubila, Swnh. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 447 j C. $ S. no. 1885.
Calpe bifasciata, Hmpsn. Ill Net. viii, p. 61.

Pale reddish ochreous or brown.
Eore wing with numerous dark
striaa ; an oblique ochreous line from
middle of costa to inner margin near
base ; a postmedial line angled below
the costa, then oblique to middle of
inner margin. Hind wing semihya-
line with an ochreous tinge.
Fig 319 Hob. W. India ; Nilgiris. Exp.

Pseudocalpe angulif era, <$. \. 23-28 millim.

PSEUDOCALPB. — PLUSIA. 567

SECT. II. Antennae of male bipectinate to three fourths length.

2656. Pseudocalpe vagabunda, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 519, pi. 47,

fig. 5 ; C.&S. no. 1228.

Brownish ochreous. Tore wing irrorated with dark specks ; an
indistinct oblique diffused dark medial line ; a sinuous ochreous
line from outer margin below apex to inner margin beyond middle.
Hind wing ochreous white.

Hob. Aden ; Karachi. Exp. 30 millim.

Genus ARSACIA.
Arsacia, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1259 (1865).

Type, A. saturatalis, Wlk.

Range. Throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Penang; Borneo.

Palpi porrect, the 2nd joint thickly scaled, the 3rd minute and
acute ; no frontal tuft ; antennae almost simple in male ; thorax
and abdomen smoothly scaled ; the tibia3 naked. Tore wing with
the apex quadrate ; the outer margin rounded : the inner margia
lobed and with slight tufts of hair near base and at outer angle ;
veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked.

2657. Arsacia saturatalis, Wlk. Cat. xxxiv, p. 1260; Moore, Lep.

Ceyl. iii, pi. 152, fig. 8; C. $ S. no. 1231.

Arsacia frontirufa, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 301, pi. 20, fig. 12 ;
C. # S. no. 1230.

Head and thorax rufous ; abdo-
men fuscous. Fore wing bright
chestnut ; the costa suffused with
pink ; an oblique line from the
apex to middle of inner margin,
the area beyond it suffused
with pink and with indistinct sub-
marginal and marginal series of

. Fjg- 320- patches of dark scales. Hind

Arsacia saturatalis. tf . f . * . j -, *

wing dark fuscous.

The form frontirufa is much darker.

Hah. Punjab ; Bombay ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Penang ; Borneo.
18 millim.

Genus PLUSIA.

Plusia, Ochs. Schmett. Eur. iv, p. 89 (1816).
Euchalcia, Hiibn. Verz. p. 250 (1818).
Polychrysia, Hiibn. Verz. p. 251.

Type, P. clirysitis, Linn., from Europe.

J{<tt)f/e. Universally distributed.

Palpi upturned, the 2nd joint reaching vertex of head, the
antenuae of male ciliated ; thorax with a very large spreading tuft
on the vertex ; abdomen with three large dorsal tufts on basal

568 NOCTTJID^E.

segments, and lateral and anal tufts more or less strongly de-
veloped in male. Fore wing hooked at outer angle.
Larvce with 2 pairs of abdominal prolegs.

SECT. I. (Plusia). Palpi with the 3rd joint short ; hind femora
of male not tufted with long hair.

2658. Plusia limbirena, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 350 ; Moore, Lev. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 152, fig. 5 ; C. 8f S. no. 2165.

Plusia confusa, Moore, Lep. Art. p. 149 ; C. $ S. no. 2158.
Plusia gamma, Koll. (nee Linn.) HiiyeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 481.

Head and thorax clothed with grey and black scales ; abdomen
pale with the dorsal tufts dark. Fore wing fuscous, with a cupre-
ous tinge ; ill-defined darker medial and submarginal patches ; the
minutely waved double subbasal and antemedial lines with silvery
specks on them ; the orbicular and reniform small, indistinct, and
with pinkish edges ; a prominent silver Y-niark below the cell ;
the minutely waved double postmedial line angled inwards above
vein 1 ; traces of an irregularly sinuous submarginal line ; a small
pinkish patch on centre of outer margin; a marginal series of
black specks. Hind wing pale at base; the outer area suffused
with fuscous ; cilia pale ; underside with indistinct lunule at end
of cell and waved postmedial line.

Hob. St. Helena ; S. Africa ; Madagascar ; Aden ; N.W. Hima-
layas ; Sikhim ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon. Exp. 42 millim.

2659. Plusia Jessica, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) i, p. 201, 1878; id. 111.

Het. iii, pi. 46, fig. 6.
Plusia serena, Butl. A. M. N. H. (5) iv, p. 368, 1879.

Differs from limbirena in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
much greyer. Fore wing with the lines less waved and more
oblique ; the stigma a gamma-mark. Hind wing darker fuscous.

Hob. Japan ; N.W. Himalayas. Exp. 36 millim.

2660. Plusia furcifera, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 927 ; C. $ S. no. 2177 (part.).
Plusia mutans, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 839 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix,

pi. 162, fig. 5 ; C.fyS. no. 2166.

Differs from limbirena in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
pale brownish with a golden tinge and irrorated with dark brown ;
the Y-mark much less prominent, its arms narrow and obsolescent ;
the small patch on the outer margin pale. Hind wing almost
uniform fuscous ; the cilia pale.

Hob. N.W. Himalayas ; Poona ; Nilgiris. Exp. 36 millim.

2661. Plusia signata, Fdbr. Ent. Sijst. iii, 2, p. 81 ; C. $ S. no. 2177

(part,).
Plusia diminuta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 837.

Differs from limbirena in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
pale reddish browrn ; abdomen paler, with the dorsal tufts small.

PLUSIA. 569

Fore wing with a cupreous tinge ; the subbasal, ante- and post-
medial lines more prominent and less waved ; some black specks
beyond the subbasal line ; the tail of the Y~mark detached from
the arms ; the patch and black specks on outer margin absent.
Hind wing nearly uniform pale or dark fuscous.

Hob. W. Africa ; Ceylon : Java ; Fiji. Exp. 32 millim.

2662. Plusia nigriluna, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 931 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii,

pi. 152, figs. 2, 2 a (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2167.

Differs from signata in the head and thorax being dark purplish
grey, some of the scales of the thoracic tuft orange; abdomen
dark fuscous, with pale lateral hairs at base ; the dorsal tufts
dark. Fore wing dark purplish grey with golden patches near
base, on median area, and at outer angle ; the Y-mark large and
prominent, the arms almost filled in with silver, which has a slight
golden tinge ; the postmedial line more crenulate ; the marginal
patch and specks present. Hind wing dark fuscous, with the cilia
pale.

Larva olive-green, darkest beneath, with a few fine dorsal hairs ;
the somites spotted with black. Pupa green, with dorsal segmental
brown streaks.

Hob. Sikhim ; Ceylon. Exp. 32 millim.

2663. Plusia eriosoma, Doubl. DieffenbacKs New Zealand, ii, p. 285.
Plusia verticillata, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 344 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 152, fig. 6; C. $ S. no. 2180.
Plusia rogationis, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 344.
Plusia include™, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 914.
Plusia hamifera, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 917.
Plusia acuta, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 922.
Plusia Integra, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 931 ; C. $ S. no. 2163.
Plusia adjuncta, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 840.
Plusia dyaus, Grote, Can. Ent. vii, p. 202.

Differs from signata in the head, thorax, and fore wing having
a reddish tinge ; abdomen with the lateral and anal tufts often
black in the male. Fore wing with much more gilding on the
basal, medial, and outer areas ; the antemedial line more oblique,

Fig. 321. — Plusia eriosoma, tf. \.

the postmedial more oblique and sinuous ; the Y~mai>k large,
prominent, and golden, the arms often filled in with golden and
occasionally joined to the tail.

570 NOCTUID-E.

Some specimens are much darker than others.

Larva green, the back palest, with indistinct dorsal and lateral
pale lines. Food-plant, Ficus.

Hob. N. and S. America ; Wadelai ; Aden ; Japan ; China ;
throughout the Indian, Malayan, and Australasian regions, 7i.<.y>.
42 millim.

2664. Plusia nigrisigna, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 928; ButL III. Hd. vi,

pi. 110, fig. 4 j C. $ S. no. 2168.

Differs from eriosoma in the lower arm of the Y-mark being
nearly straight and almost touching the auteinedial line ; a small
bright chestnut patch beyond the end of its tail ; a sinuous golden
mark on outer edge of reniform, with three black specks in its
undulations.

Some specimens are darker than others.

Hob. N.W. Provinces; the Himalayas from Simla to Sikhim.
Exp. 40 millim.

2665. Plusia ni, Hiibn. Noct. pi. 58, fig. 284.
Plusia humilis, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 915.

Plusia extrahena, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 929; C. $ S. no. 2161.
Plusia significans, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 930 ; C. 8f S. no. 2178.

Differs from eriosoma in the head and thorax being mingled grey
and ferruginous ; abdomen ochreous white, with the dorsal tufts
ferruginous. Fore wing grey, without gilded areas ; the subbasal,
ante- and postmedial lines ferruginous and more waved; the
orbicular and reniform ferruginous ; the Y-mark more slender,
with rufous centre; the subraarginal line more prominent and
dentate. Hind wing pale fuscous ; the base pale ; the cilia
whitish.

Hab. San Domingo ; Europe ; St. Vincent (Cape Verds) ;
Aden : Japan ; China ; N.W. India. Exp. 38 millim.

2666. Plusia purpureofusa, n. sp.

Differs from nigrisigna in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
suffused with purple. Fore wing with the lines red-brown ; the
antemedial line angled just below the costa ; the stigma either
small with the arms separate from the tail, or large and conjoined ;
the mark on discocellulars with its outer edge slightly indented
and the black specks minute ; the postmedial line double, angled
below costa, and not curved. The rufous mark beyond the tail of
Y may be absent, and the golden suffusion on inner area and near
apex slight.

Hab. Sikhim ; Bernardmyo, Burma. Exp. 40 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

2667. Plusia Obtusisigna, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 930 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl

iii, pi. 152, fig. 1, 1 a (larva) ; C. Sf S. no. 2169.

Differs from niyrisiyna in the head, thorax, and fore wing being

PLFSIA. 571

whitish grey, the last with gilded patches above the Y-mark, which
is white, with the tail joined to the arms, and on the submarginal
line ; an irregular black basal mark below median nervure ; no
sinuous black-speckled mark on outer edge of reniform.

The Burmese specimen is large, with the tail of the Y-mark
separate from the arms.

Larva green with white dorsal lines, subdorsal streaks, and
lateral dots ; black dots on 4th to anal somites ; medial prolegs
pale red.

Hob. Poona ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon ; Burma. Exp. 32-40 millim.

2668. Plusia gutta, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 346.

Plusia albostriata, JSrem. Seitr. Nord. Chin. p. 18, no. 97.
Plusia argyrosigna, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 149 ; C. fy 8. no. 2154.

Differs from eriosoma in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
purplish grey, the last with the medial area below the cell suffused
with reddish brown ; the antemedial line more silvery ; the silvery
Y-mark very large and filled in with silver, the arms joined to
the tail ; some silvery specks at angle of cell ; the postmedial line
straighter. Hind wing paler.

In the ]S~ilgiri specimen the Y-mark is narrow, the specks at end
of cell larger.

Hob. Europe : Japan ; China ; Dharmsala ; Nilgiris. Exp.
38 millim.

2669. Plusia circumflexa, Linn. Sy*t. Nat. i, 2, p. 844 ; C.&S. no. 2157.
Plusia patefacta, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 924 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. viii,

pi. 149, fig. 1.

Head and thorax clothed with grey and brown hairs ; abdomen
brownish fuscous. Fore wing grey, clouded in parts with coppery
fuscous ; a waved silvery subbasal line ; the antemedial line
straight and oblique, obsolete from the costa to median nervure,
where it is joined by the lower arm of the V-mark, which has no
tail to it and is surrounded by some dark brown ; the postmedial
line oblique and almost straight, dentate below vein 2 ; the
irregularly sinuous submarginal line black, with two indentations
between the median nervules ; fine marginal and cilial lines. Hind
wing fuscous, the basal area palest, the cilia whitish ; underside
with cell-spot and postmedial line.

Hab. Europe; Teneriffe ; S. Africa; Nilgiris. Exp. 40 millim.

2670. Plusia permissa, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1786; C. # S. no. 2173.

(5 . Differs from circumflexa in the head, thorax, and abdomen
being red-brown ; the anal tuft blackish. Fore wing much suf-
fused with coppery red-brown ; the ante- and postmedial lines
more sinuous, the latter angled inwards below vein 2 ; the sub-
marginal line obscured by the coppery patches. Hind wing
reddish fuscous.

Hab. Canara. Exp. 36 millim.

572 NOCTUIDjE.

2671. Plnsia daubei, Boisd. Ind. Meth. p. 159 ; C. $ S. no. 2159.
Plusia ciliaris, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 928 ; Butl. III. Het. vi, pi. 110,

%. 5 ; C. 4- S. no. 2156.
Plusia indicator, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 922.

Differs from drcumflexa in being paler grey without the purplish
tinge, and suffused with pale golden brown. Pore wing with the
veins whitish ; the ante- and postmedial lines more erect ; the
orbicular and reniforin with white edges ; the V-mark more
elongate and separate from the antemedial line.

The male has the lateral tufts on abdomen fulvous.

Hab. Europe ; Senegal ; Congo ; Himalayas as far east as
Sikhim. Exp. 34 millim.

2672. Plusia lobifera, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 358; C. fy S. no. 1822.

c? . Head, thorax, and abdomen pale brownish fuscous, the
vertex of head white. Pore wing brownish white ; the costal and
central inner areas and the area beyond the cell fuscous-grey ;
a double waved antemedial line, indistinct except towards inner
margin ; an elongate claviform spot with black outline ; an
indistinct lunule on discocellulars ; a double sinuous postmedial
line, incurved below cell ; series of black submarginal streaks and
marginal specks ; the cilia fuscous intersected with white. Hind
wing fuscous, with the cilia white.

Hab. Bombay. Exp. 34 millim.

2673. Plusia pyropia, Butl. A.M. N. H. (5) iv, p. 307.

Head orange-red ; thorax red-brown, the tips of the scales
white ; abdomen pale brown, the dorsal tufts rufous. Pore wing
grey^brown ; the medial area below the cell and the whole outer
area except the anal angle suffused with golden copper ; the ante-
and postmedial lines nearly straight, the former obsolete above
median nervure ; the upper part of the stigma ' crochet '-shaped
and not joined to the round spot ; an irregularly waved submarginal
line. Hind wing brownish fuscous.

Hab. Japan ; Dharmsala ; Sikhim ; Nagas. Exp. 34 millim.

2674. Plusia ornatissima, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1786 ; C. $ S. no. 2171.
Plusia chalsytis, Koll. (nee Treit.} HiiyeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 482.

Differs from pyropia in the metallic markings being more brassy,
those near outer margin less diffused ; the costal portion of the
subbasal line silvery ; the antemedial line angled below median
nervure ; the two portions of the Y-niark very large, prominent
and silvery; a golden speck on each side of the orbicular and
reniform ; the postmedial line more erect. Hind wing dark
fuscous.

Hab. Japan ; China ; N.W. Himalayas ; Sikhim. Exp. 40 millim.

PLUSIA. 573

2675. Plusia pannosa, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 149; C. $ S. no. 2172.

Differs from pyropia in the ground-colour being paler. Fore
wing with the inner area beyond the anternedial line and the
outer area dark golden copper-colour, leaving a marginal line and
triangular patch of the ground-colour at outer angle ; white-
ringed black specks in cell and at its lower angle ; the stigma small,
its arms not filled in with white.

Hal. Sikhim. Exp. 34 milliin.

2676. Plusia ochreata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 839; Moore, Lep. Ceyl

Hi, pi. 151, fig. 4 ; C.8f S. no. 2170.

Differs from pyropia in the thorax being more suffused with
fiery orange. Fore wing with the copper colour confined to the
apical part of outer area ; the stigma consisting of a fuscous and
white streak from the costa at the antemedial line to the post-
medial line at vein 2, these being almost erect and the latter
sinuous.

Hob. Hongkong ; Formosa ; Simla ; Nagas ; Nilgiris ; Ceylon.
Exp. 30 millim.

2677. Plusia impulsa, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 838 ; Hmpsn. III. Het. ix,

pi. 162, fig. 11 ; C. # S. no. 2162.

Head and thorax fiery orange ; abdomen pale. Fore wing rosy
grey, with brilliant coppery red patches at end of cell, on inner
medial area, and at apex ; the antemedial line oblique and silvery ;
the Y-mark small, with the tail disconnected from the arms ; some
slight silvery marks at end of cell ; the postmedial line evenly
curved ; the sub marginal line slightly sinuous. Hind wing pale
fuscous.

Hal). Travancore ; Ceylon. Exp. 30 millim.

2678. Plusia orichalcea, Fabr. Sp. Ins. ii, p. 227.

Phalsena chrysitina, Martyn, Psyche, pi. 21; Moore, Lep. Ceyl.

iii, pi. 152, fig. 7 ; C. fy S. no. 2155.
Noctua chrysoii, Esp. Schmett. iv, pi. 141, fig. 2.
Phalaena aerifera, Sowerby, Brit. Misc. pi. 29.
Noctua aurifera, Hilbn. Eur. Schmett. pt. 98, fig. 463.

Head, collar, and vertex of thorax reddish orange ; tegulae and
fore wing pale red-brown ; the last with the subbasal, ante- and
postmedial waved lines very indistinct, fine, and white ; the sub-
marginal line irregularly lunulate ; the orbicular and reniform
with fine white outlines ; the whole of the outer area, except the
inner margin, occupied by a brassy golden patch which extends
towards the base below median nervure, further in chrysitina than
in the typical form. Hind wing pale at base, the outer area
fuscous.

Larva. Bluish green, with a few short dorsal hairs ; slender
dorsal white lines and a prominent lateral line. Food-plant,
Coreopsis.

574

Hob. Azores ; Madeira ; Canaries ; St. Helena ; Ascension ;
S. Africa ; Mauritius ; Arabia ; Japan ; China ; Formosa ;
throughout India and Ceylon. Exp. 44 millim.

2679. Plusia hebetata, Bull III. Het. vii, p. 71, pi. 131, fig. 1.

Head, thorax, and fore wing pinkish ; the last with diffused
brown subbasal, antemedial, and medial bands ; the postmedial line
almost straight ; the irregularly dentate submarginal line with a
coppery patch beyond it. Abdomen and hind wing brownish
fuscous.

Hob. Japan ; Kulu. Exp. 44 millim.

2680. Plusia agramma, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 327 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii,

pi. 152, tig. 3, 3 a (larva) ; <?. £ S. no. 2153.
Plusia inchoata, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 841.

Differs from hebetata in being grey-brown without the rosy
tinge. Fore wing with the patches bronze instead of coppery, the
postmedial line sinuous.

Larva green, with lateral black spots ; some short black pointed
spines on the back, stoutest on the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and llth
somites ; a prominent white subdorsal and lateral waved line.
Food-plants, Oucurbitacece.

Hal. Japan ; Sikhim ; Bombay ; Canara ; Ceylon ; Java ; Aus-
tralia. Exp. 40 millim.

2681. Plusia fracta, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 920.

Plusia placida, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 73, pi. 151, fig. 10 ;
C. % S. no. 2174.

Head, thorax, and fore wing brownish grey, in the darker speci-
mens olive-grey. Fore wing with the ante- and postinedial lines
straight and oblique, the former obsolete above median nervure,
the area between them below the cell bronzy ; the submarginal line
slightly sinuous; an almost marginal bronzy straight line.
Abdomen and hind wing fuscous.

Hob. Abyssinia ; Congo ; JN". India ; Mlgiris ; Ceylon. Exp.
38-42 millim.

2682. Plusia tetragona, WIU. Cat. xii, p. 932 ; C. $ S. no. 2179.
Plusia semivitta, Moore, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 63, pi. 6, fig. 13 ;

C.$ S. no. 2176.
Plusia purissiina, Butl. III. Het. ii, p. 35, pi. xxxi, fig. 11.

Differs from fracta in the head, thorax, and fore wing being
whitish grey, the last with the markings fuscous instead of bronzy ;
a silvery Y-mark with the arms small.

In Himalayan typical forms the antemedial line is prominent
from the costa to median nervure, obsolete in the Japanese form,
which also has the tail of the Y-mark separated from the arms,
and a dark mark at lower angle of cell.

Hab. Japan ; Dharmsala ; Kulu. Exp. 40 millim.

PLTJSIA. 575

2683. Plusia modesta, Hiibn. Beitr. i, p. 1, pi. i, fig. 1 A.
Noctua illustris, Fabr. Mant. Ins. p. 164.

Plusia illustris, var. uralensis, Ev. Bull. Mosc. xv, 1842, p. 553.
Euchalcia cashmirensis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 376 ; C. fy S.
no. 2186.

Grey ; the head, collar, and tegulse tinged with pale fulvous ;
abdomen grey, with the dorsal tufts fulvous. Fore wing grey,
typically with a rosy tinge, in the Himalayan form cashmirensis
greenish ; cupreous fulvous patches on costa, medial area below
vein 2, and near outer angle ; the subbasal line indistinct ; the
pale double ante- and postmedial lines almost straight ; the pale
submarginal line slightly sinuous ; orbicular and reniform with
slight pale edges ; a white U-mark below the cell ; slight cupreous
patches on outer margin at apex and centre ; a pale marginal line.
Hind wing fuscous ; darker in cashmirensis. Underside ochreous ;
the disk of fore wing fuscous.

Hob. Europe ; Kulu ; Kashmir. Exp. 36-40 millim.

2684. Plnsia oxygramma, Hilbn. Zutr. p. 37, figs. 769, 770.
Ahrostola transfixa, Wlk. Cat. xii, j). 884 ; C. # 8. no. 2185.
Plusia subchalybaea, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 883.

Abrostola nubila, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii, p. 549.

Head, thorax, and fore wing dull brown with a grey tinge ; the
subbasal, ante- and postmedial waved lines brownish and indis-
tinct; the orbicular narrow, elongate, and brown, with white
edges ; a white streak on median nervure conjoined to a brown
streak with pale edges on vein 2, terminating at the postmedial
line ; a dark dentate submarginal line. Hind wing fuscous, pale
at base.

The form subchafybcea differs in the orbicular not being brown,
and in having some dark suffusion on vein 2 instead of the brown
pale-edged streak.

Hob. Georgia (Asia); Japan; China: N.W. Himalayas; Nil-
giris ; Ceylon; Java; Australia; Fiji. Exp. 42 millim.

2685. Plusia anargyra, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 351.

Plusia spoliata, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 923; Hmpsn. III. Het. viii,

pi. 149, fig. 7.
Plusia reticulata, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 148 ; C. $ S. no. 2175.

Head and thorax red-brown, with white tips to the scales ;
abdomen pale brown. Fore wing brown, with a purplish tinge and
golden suffusion towards outer margin ; the markings slight,
indistinct, and formed of golden scales ; the subbasal, ante- and
postmedial lines sinuous ; the orbicular and reniform small ; an
elongate V-mark on vein 2 ; an irregularly dentate submarginal,
and more regular and prominent marginal line. Hind wing
brown : underside pale, with cell-spot and postmedial line, beyond
which is some fuscous suffusion.

Hob. Congo ; Madagascar ; Sikhim ; Nilgiris. Exp. 36 millim.

576

2686. Plusia lectula, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. J1679 ; Moore, Lep. Cei/L iii,

pi. 146, fig. 2 ; C. $ S. no. 2164.
Plusia kalitura, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 110, fig. 24.

Head and thorax dark red-brown and grey ; abdomen pale.
Fore wing dark red-brown and purplish grey; an antemedial
rufous line ; a broad white streak along median nervure and vein
2 as far as the postmedial line, which is bent outwards at vein 5,
a large red-brown patch above the streak ; reniform grey with
white lines on its inner and outer edges ; some red-brown sub-
marginal dentate marks, with a white streak below those near
apex ; a rufous submarginal line ; two fine marginal lines and a
white line through the cilia. Hind wing pale fuscous.

Hob. Bengal ; Canara ; Ceylon. Exp. 28 millim.

SECT. II. Male with the hind femora heavily tufted with hair.

2687. Plusia aeneofusa, Swinh. MS.

cT . Head, collar, and vertex of thorax orange-fulvous ; tegulse
and abdomen brown, the last with parts of the anal tuft pale.
Fore wing purplish grey, with the medial area below the cell brassy
gold and patches on the outer area below the apex and at outer
angle; the subbasal, antemedial, medial, and postmedial lines
nearly straight ; the orbicular and reniform very indistinct ; an
irregularly sinuous submarginal line. Hind wing brown.

Hob. Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 40 millim. Type in B. M.

SECT. III. (Polychrysia). Palpi with the 3rd joint long and
clothed with long hair to near apex.

2688. Plusia crassipalpus, Swinh. MS.

Head and thorax dark brown with a pink tinge ; the tufts on
metathorax fulvous ; abdomen fuscous, with the dorsal tufts red-
brown. Fore wing brown suffused with pink ; a basal triangular
dark mark with silver specks on its edges ; a curved double ante-
medial line ; a silvery Y-mark with its tail detached from the
arms ; a silvery speck at lower angle of cell ; a dark bar beyond
cell; a double waved postmedial line; an irregularly sinuous
submarginal line ; the outer edge of the antemedial line below
cell, the areas below end of cell and before submarginal line
cupreous. Hind wing pale at base, fuscous towards outer margin,
Underside of fore wing fuscous, the outer margin pale ; hind wing
pale, with broad postmedial fuscous band.

The Java specimen is much paler, without pink suffusion on
fore wing and thorax.

Hab. Khasis ; Java. Exp. 38-42 millim. Type in B. M.

ABEOSTOLA. ILUSIODONTA. 577

Genus ABROSTOLA.
Abroatola, Ochs. Schmett. Ear. iv, p. 83 (1816).

Type, A. triplasia, Linn., from Europe.

Eanfje. Nearctic and Palaearetic regions ; S. Africa ; Japan ;
Sikhim.

Differs from Plusia in having raised tufts of scales on the fore
wing and the outer angle not hooked.

2689. Abrostola anophioides, Moore, Lep. Atk. p. 148; C. 8? S.

no. 2184.

Fuscous brown. Abdomen of male with dense lateral tufts of

hair. Fore wing with the basal
and outer areas slightly paler ;
slightly waved ante- and post-
medial lines, the former with
red-brown on its inner edge, the
latter on its outer ; the orbicular,
renifortn, and a mark below the
cell large and indistinct, with

-p- 322 narrow outlines of raised black

Abrostola anophioides, 3 . \. scales ; an indistinct pale waved

submarginal line and black mar-
ginal line. Hind wing with the basal area palest ; an indistinct
postmedial line ; the underside suffused with grey, with a cell-
spot and waved postmedial line.
Hob. Sikhim. Exp. 48 millim.

Genus PLUSIODONTA.

Plusiodonta, Guen. Noct. ii, p. 359 (1852).
Deva, Wlk. Cat. xii, p. 962 (1857).

Type, P. compressipalpis, Guen., from N. America.

R<inge. U. States ; W.Indies; S.Africa; Madagascar; Japan;
China; throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; Andamans; Java;
Australia.

Palpi upturned, the second joint roughly scaled and reaching
the vertex of head or above it ; thorax and abdomen slender,
without tufts. Fore wing with the apex somewhat acute; the
outer margin more or less angled at vein 4 ; the inner margin with
tufts of scales at centre and outer angle, the margin being excised
between them. Legs smoothly scaled.

The typical section has the antennae bipectinated in the male.

Larvce with two pairs of abdominal prolegs.

SECT. II. (Deva.) Male with the antennae minutely ciliated.

2690. Plusiodonta ccelonota, AW/. Hiiyer* Kaschmir, iv, p. 482.
Plusiodonta chalsytoides, Guen. Noel, ii, p. 8(50 ; Moore, Lep.

C'eyl. iii, pi. 168, %S. 1, la (larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2182.
Deva conducens, H 'Ik. Cat. xii, 963.
VOL. ii. 2 p

578 NOCTUIDJE.

Plusia agens, FeM. Eeis. Nov. pi. 110, fig. 32.

Plusiodonta auri^icta, Moore, Lep. Aik. p. 150 ; C. fy S. no. 2181.

Head and collar rufous ; thorax and abdomen grey-b;*own. Fore
wing red-brown suffused with golden bronze and more or less
irrorated with blue-grey scales ; indistinct antemedial and medial
waAred lines; an oblique double sinuous postmedial line angled
below the costa; the orbicular and reniform indistinct; a very
irregularly sinuous submarginal golden band with dark edges,

interrupted at vein 3. Hind wing
v dark fuscous ; the cilia pale.

^^^\x.. / The form auripicta is rather darker

^" v'-?Mli| JT ail(^ more marked with blue-grey.

IP ^f Larva purplish black with grey

|g£ specks and streaks ; the 7th and llth

somites with pinkish patches ; head
reddish.

Fig. 323. Hob. Throughout India, Ceylon,

Plusiodonta coelonota, <$. \. and Burma; Andamans; Java. Exp.

32-36 millim.

Genus TINOLIUS.
Tinolius, Wlk. Cat. \\\, p. 621 (1855).
Type, T. eburneigvMa, Wlk.

Range. Sikhim ; throughout continental India, Ceylon, and
Burma ; Andamans ; Cambodia.

Palpi obliquely porrect and hairy ; antenna bi pectinated in

Fig. 324. — Tinolius eburneigutta, <$ . {.

male, ciliated in female ; thorax without tufts ; abdomen with
dorsal tufts. Fore wing with vein 10 from beyond the end of areole.
Larvce with two pairs of abdominal prolegs.

2691. Tinolius eburneigutta, Wlk. Cat. iii, p. 621 ; Moore, Lep. Ceyl
iii, pi. 171, figs.. 10, 10 a (larva) ; C. # 8. no. 773.

Head, thorax, and abdomen crimson ; collar, meso- and meta-
thorax with paired white-edged black spots ; abdomen with
segmental lateral black bands. Fore wing bright red-brown; a
white speck at base ; a round white spot at middle of cell and two
at end of it two or three white marks on centre of inner margin ;

TINOLIUS. — CALESIA. 579

costa and cilia crimson. Hind wing and underside crimson. Legs
crimson, spotted with black.

Larva (p. 428) purplish black, with yellow transverse lines and
spots to the somites ; 4th, 5th, and 6th somites with long black
spatulate dorsal filaments ; the head spotted and streaked with
yellow. Pupa dark red-brown marked with golden yellow.

Hob. Sikhim ; Sylhet ; throughout peninsular India and Ceylon ;
Burma; Andamans. Exp., 3 46, $ 58 millim.

2692. Tinolius quadrimaculatus, Wlk. Cat. xxxi, p. 281.
Tinolius zingha, Sftoinh. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1890, p. 185, pi. vi, fig. 12.

cJ . Differs from eburneigutta in the white spot at upper angle
of cell of fore wing being small or obsolete ; the hind wing with
the base and inner margin crimson, the remainder fuscous brown.

Hob. Sikhim ; Moulmein ; Beeling ; Cambodia. Exp. 52-60
millim.

2693. Tinolius hypsana, Swwh. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 405.

c? . Differs from eburneigutta in the ground-colour of the head,
thorax, and abdomen being orange, of the fore wing fawn-colour,
of the hind wing whitish.

Hab. Sikhim ; Khasis. Exp. 72 millim.

Genus CALESIA.

Calesia, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 257 (1852).
Pasipeda, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1794 (1858).
Mecyra, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii, p. 979 (1865).
Carandana, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. iii. p. 45 (1885).

Type, C. dasyptera, Koll.

Range. Kilimanjaro ; China ; throughout India, Ceylon, and
Burma ; Java ; Philippines ; Taboga.

Palpi upturned and smoothly scaled, the 2nd joint reaching
vertex of head, the 3rd long and naked ; antennae ciliated and
with bristles to the joints in male. Thorax, abdomen, and legs
smoothly scaled. Hind wing with the cell very short.

Larvae with two pairs of abdominal prolegs.

SECT. I. {Pasipeda}. Fore wing with no tuft of hair in male ;
veins 8 and 9 anastomosing to form an areole.

A. Antennce of male without a tuft of hair at middle.

2694. Calesia haemorrhoa, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 258 ; C. $ S. no. 2638.
Calesia patna, Feld. Eeis. Nov. pi. 117, fig. 17.

Varies in colour from dark red-brown to dark fuscous ; palpi
scarlet ; abdomen scarlet except at base ; coxae of fore legs and tibiae
scarlet. Pore wing with a slight grey speck on the discocellulars ;
a very indistinct postmedial line bent inwards below the. cell ; a

2p2

580 NOCTUID.E.

waved submarginal Hue. Hind wing with indistinct medial and
postmedial lines.

Hab. India, Ceylon, and Burma. Exp. 46 millim.

2695. Calesia rufipalpis, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1795 ; C. $ S. no. 2639.

Differs from hcemorrhoa in the abdomen being only slightly
suffused with crimson ; the anal tuft fulvous ; the legs brown ; the
head, thorax, and wings very dark red-brown ; the last with a few
scattered pale scales and a white spot at end of cell of fore wing ;
the cilia whitish at tips.

Hab. Travancore ; Ceylon. Evp. 44 millim.

2696. Calesia phaeosoma, Hmpsn. III. Net. viii, p. 90, pi. 147, fig. 2.

Differs from rufipalpis in being fuscous brown ; the abdomen
without any red ; the cilia not white-tipped.
Hab. Nilgiris. Exp. 42 millim.

2697. Calesia satellitia, Moore, Lep. Ceyl iii, p. 184, pi. 171, figs. 6, 6 a

(larva) ; C. $ S. no. 2640.

Head, collar, coxae of fore legs, and tibiae fulvous, the tibiae with
a terminal black spot ; thorax and base of abdomen fuscous brown,
the remainder of abdomen* crimson above. Wings fuscous brown ;
fore wing with a large white spot at end of cell and a subraarginal
irregular series of smaller spots.

Larva dark purplish brown ; some short dark hairs on anterior
and posterior somites ; some yellowr transverse stripes on the
segments, each of which has a pair of divergent dorsal spots ; some
lateral spots and streaks ; head and legs yellow-spotted.

Hab. W. and S. India ; Ceylon. Exp. 44 millim.

B. Antennae of male thickened, with a large tuft of
long hair before middle.

2698. Calesia roseiceps, n. sp.

<5 . Head, collar, and abdomen bright crimson ; thorax and
wings uniform grey-brown.

Hab. Sikhim, 3000 feet (Holler}. Exp. 50 millim. Type in
coll. Elwes.

SECT. II. Fore wing with a very large tuft of hair beyond the cell
below the costa in male, and the costal nervules curved.

A. (Calesia). Fore wing with veins 8, 9, 10 stalked in both sexes.

2699. Calesia dasyptera, Koll. HugeVs Kaschmir, iv, p. 476: C. & S.

no. 2642.
Erebus leucostigma, Koll. HiigeTs Kaschmir, iv, p. 476 ; Moore,

Lep. Ceyl. iii, pi. 171, fig. 5.

Calesia comosa. Giten. Noct. iii, p. 258, pi. 21, fig. 7.
Calesia stigmoleuca, Guen. Noct. iii, p. 258.

CALESIA. 581

cJ . Greyish red-brown ; the head, collar, and abdomen crimson ;
coxae of fore legs and tibiae of fore and mid legs crimson.

Fig. 325. — Calesia dasyptera, <$ . \.

$ with a white spot at end of cell of fore wing.

Hal. China: throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma. JExp.,

50, $ 40 millim.

B. Male with veins 8, 9, 10 of fore wing stalked ; female ivith veins
8 and 9 anastomosing to form an areole.

2700. Calesia fuscicorpus, Hmpm. III. Het. viii, p. 90, pi. 147,

figs. 8, 9.

Differs from dasyptera in being greyer; the abdomen not
crimson.

Hab. Nilgiris : Travancore ; Ceylon. Exp., <$ 50> $ 40 rnillinu

C. Male with vein 5 of the fore iving from upper angle of cell ; veins
8, 9, 10 stalked ; female with vein 5 from lower angle of cell ;
veins 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked.

2701. Calesia flabellifera, Moore, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 849; Hmpm. Ill

Het. ix, pi. 165, figs. 2, 8 ; C. fy S. no. 2643.

Differs from dasyptera in the antennae being white ; the colour
bright red-brown ; the wings irrorated with white scales ; fore
wing with indistinct medial and waved submarginal line. Hind wing
with the cilia white-tipped.

//ah. Ceylon; Tenasserim. Exp., 3 48, $ 40 millim.

D. (Carandana). Male ivith veins 8 and 9 of fore winy
anastomosing to form an areole.

2702. Calesia fasciculosa, Wlk. Cat. xv, p. 1760 ; Hmpsn. 111. Het.ix,

pi. 165, fig. 11 ; C. $ S. no. 1852.
Calesia cirrus, Feld. Reis. Nov. pi. 108, fig. 44.

cJ pure white ; tibiae spotted with black. Fore wing with the
outer half suffused with pale fulvous ; a black subapical spot beyond
the tuft ; three black specks on the costa.

Hab. Travancore; Ceylon; Java; Philippines. Exp. 36 millim.

582 NOCTUIDJE.

E. (Mecyra). Male with the fore wing shorter than the hind wing ;
the inner margin much lobed and forming a continuous curve
with the outer margin ; the apex somewhat acute ; veins 8 and
9 anastomosing to form an ar.eole in both sexes.

2703. Calesia gastropachoides, Gum. Noct. iii. p. 258; C. $ S.

no. 2644.
Mecyra invaria, Wlk. Cat. xxxiii. p. 980.

cJ . Pale reddish brown ; the palpi and anal tuft with a fulvous
tinge. Pore wing with an indistinct postmedial line.

$ more fuscous brown; the wings slightly irrorated with
white scales ; a white spot at end of cell of fore wing.

Hob. Bengal ; Upper Tenasseriin ; Java. Exp., J 44, $ 40
millira.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

abdominalis (Alpkaea),

24.
abdominalis (Leucania),

273.
abdominalie (Spilosoma),

10.
abraxoides (Nyctemera),

49.

Abrostola, 577-
abrupta (Eublemma),

342.
absentimaculata (Opbi-

usa), 498.

abstracta (Axylia), 281.
Acantholipes, 520.
accipiens (Blenina), 378.
accipiter (Agrotis), 189.
accurata (Mgocera), 159.
acerba (Acontia), 314.
aceris (Acronycta), 241.
acervalis (Metacbrostis),

327.

Achsea, 493.
achatiua (Noctua), 500.
achine (Bocana), 375.
acidaliaria (Zagira), 347.
acisalis (Nepbopteryx),

405.

Acontia, 322.
Acontiinae, 291.
acontioides (Eubleimna),

339.

acontioides (Pisara), 144.
Acrapex, 286.
Acronicta, 240.
Acronycta, 240.
acrouyctoides (Bamra),

4G5.
acronyctoides (Barasa),

377.
acronyctoides (Catephia),

482.
acumiuata (Acutipenna),

287.

acuta (Plusia), 569.
acuta (Opbiusa), 498.
acutata (Trigonodes),
527.

Acutipenna, 287.
adaucta (Litbosia), 80.
AdiBura, 173.
adita (Bizone), 58.
Adites, 105.
adjuncta (Euplexia),

209.

adjuncta (Plusia), 569.
Adrepsa, (>4.
Adris, 559, 562.
adulans (Tbalpochares),

342.

adulatrix (Eusemia), 152.
adulatrix (Eutelia), 391.
adusta (Leucania), 275.
adusta (Ophiusa), 497.
Aedia, 481.
JSgilia, 400.
JSgocera, 157.
asgoceroides (Eusemia),

155.

aegrota (Litbosia), 80.
segrota (Nepita), 106.
jEuiene, 91.
aeaea (Cletharra), 386.
seneofusa (Plusia), 576.
aanescens (Plotheia), 370.
sequalis (Eugoa), 99.
tequilinea (Steiria), 402.
831-ifera (Pbalsena), 573.
83tbiops (Callopistria),

256.

affinis (Cosmia), 321.
affinis (Docela), 520.
afflicta (Eusemia), 152.
at'ghana (Catocala), 441.
Agabra, 253, 256.
Agaristidoe, 148.
agens (Plusia), 578.
AgonisLa, 463.
agrannna (Plusia), 574.
Agrisius, 64.
Agrophila, 310, 313.
Agrotis, 180, 181.
Alamis, 474.
alba (Migoplastis), 45.
albescens (Cuculia),
238.

albescens (Nagasena),

360.
albicans (Macrobrocbis),

65.

albiceps (Eutelia), 392.
albiceps (Hadena), 203.
albicilia (Ampbipyra),

192.
albicilia (Mimeusemia),

160.

albicincta (Alamis), 474.
albicincta (Nyctipao),

461.
albicola (Polydesma),

466.

albicollis (Noctua), 310.
albicosta (Axylia), 281.
albicosta (Diduga), 96.
albicosta (Leucania),

276, 279.

albicosta (Oruza), 349.
albicosta (Pseudacidalia),

351.

albicostata (Eurois), 228.
albida (Eublemma), 341.
albidens (Houaoptera),

476.
albidilinea (Noctua),

202.

albidisca (Hadena), 215.
albifascia (Onamato-

pbora), 458.
albifascia (Zalissa), 157.
albifinis (Sidyma), 67.
albiflexura (Euplexia),

210.
albigutta (Stridova),

251.

albilinea (Sypna), 449.
albinota (Euplexia), 215.
albiorbis (Erastria), 300.
albiorbis (Tbalatta), 411.
albipenuis (Agrotis),

186.
albipennis (Cuculia),

239.

albiplaga (Euplexia),
213.

584

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

albipuncta (Bryophila),

299.

albirena (Euplexia), 212.
albistigma (Bryophila ?),

299.
albistigma (Leucania),

275.
albistriga (Creatonotus),

28.

albistriga (Naranga), 334.
albitibia (Gonitis), 409.
albivena (Axylia), 280.
albivenata (Leucania),

279.

albivitta (Leucania), 276.
albivitta (Opbiusa), 500.
albivitta (Othora), 369.
albocinerea (Gnophria),

70.
albodentata (Sticto-

ptera), 403.
albomaculata (Euplexia),

211.
alboiuaculata (Eutelia),

393.
albomarginata (Eusemia),

150.

albonota (Euplexia), 213.
albonotata (Cletharra),

384.
albonotata (Tarache),

312.
albopunctata (Panilla),

477.
albopurpurea (Carea),

424.

alborosea (Litbosia\ 56.
albosignata (Xanthia),

170.

albostriata (Plusia), 571.
albotecta (Othora), 369.
albovittata (Euplexia),

217.
albovittata (Phycidopsis),

288.

albovittata (Sypna), 446.
alchemista (Catephia),

481.

Aletia, 269, 277.
aleuca (Odontodes), 400.
algira (Ophiusa), 500.
aliena (Agrotis), 249.
aliena (Dordura), 511.
aliena (Girpa), 470.
alix (Spiredonia), 458.
alliciens (Gratia), 564.
Aloa, 26, 28.
Alope, 15.
alope (Lacera), 491.
Alpenus, 3.
Alphas, 20.

alphea (Phalaena), 175.
alternans (Chlumetia),

376.

amabilis (Cyana), 57.
amabilis (Eublemma),

339.

amanda (Remigia). 470.
Amathes, 180.
amatrix (Eusemia), 149.
ambidens (Melipotis),

451.

ambigua (Spaelotis), 188.
Amerila, 38.
ammonia (Phalaena),

531.

Amphigonia, 545.
Amphipyra, 190, 191.
Ampliissa, 29.
amphix (Lynoestis), 479.
Amrella, '677, 379.
amygdalis (Ophiusa),

502.

Amyna, 250.
Anachrostis, 100.
amnlina (Acrouvcta),

240.

analis (Ophiusa). f>< > 1 .
anargyra (Plusia), 575.
Ancara, 223.
ancilla (Noctua), 502.
ancilla (Ophideres), 559.
Anclala, 11.
andamana (Miltochrista),

115.

Androstigma, 96.
Anereuthina, 509.
anfractuosa (Ophiusa),

527.

angulata (jEgilia), 392.
angulata (Kola), 140.
angulifera (Eublemma),

343.
angulifera (Leucania),

276.
angulifera (Lithosia),

angulifera (Pseudocalpe),

566.
angulipalpis (Hypocala),

453.
angulipennis (Blenina),

379.

anila (Nepita), 106.
anisodoides (Oruza), 350.
Anisoneura, 455.
annulata (Triorbis), 366.
annulifera (Earias), 134.
anodonta (Consen ula),

246.
anonialum (Idopterum),

104.

Anophia, 481.
anophioides (Abrostola),

577.

anops (Spiredonia), 457.
Ansa, 444.
antecedens (Brianla).

469.

antennata (Deiopeia), 55.
anteunata (Elusa), 258.
Anthophila, 338.
anthyalus (Stictoptera),

403.
antica (Homoptera),

475.

antica (Leucauia\ _7"».
antica ( Litliuvi;i i. 7'.'.
autica (Remigia), ."'.'ii*.
Anuga, :'<^\i.
Anumeta, 477.
anysa (Pandesma), 466.
apameoides (Perigea),

211.

Aphusia, 132.
apicalis (Clettharn
apicalis (Dornnaga I, ."-I'lL'.
apicalis (l)ordura), 511.
apicalis (Ery^i:i ). 4 !.'».
apicalis i II \ J.M -Ira), 508.
apicalis! (_llyp(i|

470.

apicalis (Ilattia), 25 1.
apicalis (Mosara), -is'i.
apicalis (Nudaria). TJ.'!.
apicalis (Panilla), 4C.7.
apicalis (Sidjms), <">7.
apicalis ( S],ln-ti;i i, 1T.7.
apicalis (>ypna), 4 ."•().
apicifascia (I'.uU-li
Apopestes, 1DO, 192.
A]>])ana, --111.
A]i)iliail;iii;i, 520.
apricans (Heliothi-
aprifbrmis (Capotena),

419.

Apsarasa, 290.
arabica (Noctua), 315.
Arachnognatha, 373.
arama (Cyaua), (>2.
Aramuna, 516, 517.
Arasada, 348.
Arbor icorn us, 258.
archesia (Remigia), 526.
archon (O])hideres), 503.
Arcilasisa, 282.
arctata (Dilemera), 45.
Arete, 485.
Arctia, 15.
Arctiidse, 1.
Arctiinae, 1.
arctotamia (Ophiusa),

501.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

arcuata (Churia), 417.
arcuata (Miltocbrista),

112.

arcuata (Ophiusa), 499.
arcuatuin (Nyctemera),

47.

Areas, 24.
aref'acta (Tbermesia),

535.
arenacea (Caradrina),

260.
arenacea (Metacbrostis),

331.

Argadesa, 559, 561 .
argentalis (Rbyncho-

palpus), 143.
argentata (Micardia),

309.
argentea (Westerman-

nia), 359.
argentifrons (Xantho-

ptera), 317.
argillacea (Anthophila),

Argina, 50.
arginalis (Areas), 26.
Argiva, 458, 459.
argus (Argina), 51.
argus (Moorea), 32.
argyria (Pisara), 145.
Argyrophyes, 139.
argyrosigna (Orsesia),

565.
argvrosigna (Plusia),

571.

Argyrothripa, 380.
Ariola, 367.
Ariolica, 129.
aristifera (Agrotis), 182.
Armana, 547, 549.
armigera (Heliothis),

174.

Arsacia, 567.
artaxoides (Chariclea),

179.

Artena, 493.
Arthisma, 413.
artocarpi (Lyclene),

114.

aruna (Eusemia), 149.
Ascalapba, 493.
ascripta (Selca), 147.
aspersa (Hypocala),

453.

assamica (Lyclene), 108.
associata (Rernigia),

526.

asiigma (Nola), 140.
astrea (Pelochyta), 38.
astrasa (Phalaena), 51.
atkinsoni (Adisura), 173.

atkinsoni (Cucullia),

238.

atkinsoni (Zalissa), 157.
Atohnis, 69.

atralba (Nyctemera), 47.
atrata (Macrobrocbis),

65.
atriceps (Gyrognatha),

347.

atriplicis (Tracbea), 214.
atrosignata (Melipotis),

477.
atrotumens (Ballatha),

126.
atrovirens (Euplexia),

219.
atrovirens (Hypern-

amia), 195.
attacicola (Opbisma),

547.

Attatba, 527, 528.
Aucba, 193.
Auchmis, 283.
auragoides (Cosmo-

pbila), 411.
aurantia (Opbideres),

562.
aurantiaca (Euplexia),

216.
aurantiaca (Hamodes),

547.

aurantiaca (Milto-
christa), 114.
aurata (Erastria), 301.
aureola (Chariclea), 179.
auricularis (Noctua),

503.

aurit'era (Noctua), 573.
auriflava (Capissa), 85.
auriflua (Lithosia), 81.
aurigera (Euplexia),

215.
auripalpis (Hydrelia),

334.
auripicta (Plusiodonta),

578.

auripicta (Neuria), 201.
auriplena (Eurois), 214.
aurora (Lyclene), 112.
auroviridis (Euplexia),

^lo.
austeni (Chelonomor-

pba), 154.

austera (Noctua), 187.
Autoceras. 91.
Avatha, 507.
aversa (Agrotis), 181.
Axia, 387.
Axiopcena, 37.
axis (Aniyna), 251.
Axylia, 180.

Azazia, 533, 534.

baccalix (Mestleta), 34
badia (Metacbrostis),

330.

bsetica (Hyelopsis), 30c
Bagada, 316.
bala (Zalissa), 156.
Ballatba, 126.
Bamra, 465.
Baniana, 513.
Bankia, 307.
Baorisa, 357, 358.
Barasa, 376.
barbara (Noctua), 175.
Bariana, 374.
Barsine, 107, 108.
basalipunctata (Xantbis

171.

basalis (Apamea), 210.
basalis (Bankia), 305.
basalis (Clettharra),

384.

basalis (Clina), 406.
basalis (Gonitis), 409.
basalis (Harmatelia),

542.
basalis (Miineusemia)

159,

basalis (Eisoba), 399.
basalis (Rivula), 335.
basiclavis (Agrotis), 181
basifascia (Otbora), 36£
basifera (Tarache), 314
basigera (Lithosia), 83.
basilinea (Leucania),

271.

basimicans (Nola), 139.
basinota (Siruareea), 90
basipuncta (Padenia),

99.
basisignum (Opbiodei

510.
basistriga (Grapbiphors

J.Orr.

basistriga (Tegulata), 8
Batracbarta, 443.
Beana, 465.
Beara, 427.

beatrix (Cbariclea), 17S
beema (Sidyina), 67.
Belciana, 465, 471.
bella (Siglopbora), 135.
bellatrix (Eusemia), 15$
bellissima (Cyana), 61.
belucha (Caradrina),

261.

Bematha, 546.
benenotata (Pseudopbia

480.
Beregra, 487.

586

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

Berresa, 252.
bianca (Cyana), 58.
biarcuata (Hypocala),

454.
biatomea (Eivula), 335,

336.

bicolor (Acronycta), 243.
bicolor (Calpe), 564.
bicolor (Scaptesyle),

105.

biconica (Agrotis), 182.
bicornis (Caradrina), 262.
bifacies (Cryassa), 391.
bifascia (Leucania), 281.
bifasciata (Anachrostis),

100.

bifasciata (Calpe), 566.
bifasciata (Eublemina),

341.
bifasciata (Leucania),

279.

bifasciata (Lithosia), 98.
bifasciata (Noctua),

631.
bifasciata (Remigia),

526.
bifasciatum (Spilosoma),

9.
biformis (Polydesma),

471.

bigramma (Noctua), 187.
biguttata (Alphsea), 23.
bilinea (Tinosoma), 426.
bilineatus (Acantho-

lipes), 525.
bilineosa (Ophideres),

560.

bi macula (Acontia), 289.
bimacula (^Egocera),
i:. 158.
bimaculata (Chariclea),

179.

bimaculatum (Spilo-
soma), 6.
binominata (Tarache),

313.

binotata (Gampola), 90.
binotatum (Campto-

loina), 32.

biocellata (Sphetta), 167.
biocularis (Rivula), 334.
biocularis (Tavia), 447.
bipars (Elusa), 257.
bipars (Metachrostis),

329.

bipars (Sidyma), 68.
biplaga (Earias), 133.
biplaga (Leocyma), 289.
biplagella (Macotasa),

84.
biplagella (Teulisna), 84.

bipuncta (Schistophleps),

125.
bipunctata (Acontia),

314.
bipunctata (Dichonia),

355.

bipunctata (Eugoa), 99.
bipunctella (Nyctemera),

49.

Birtba, 513, 516.
biseriata (Thyrgorina),

14.

bisignata (Agrotis), 249.
bisignata (Celaena), 249.
bistrigata (Leucania),

270.
bivitta (Chrysorabdia),

74.
bivittata (Chariclea),

177.

Bizone, 56.

Blasticorhinus, 533, 636.
Blenina, 377.
boarmoides (Polydesma),

468.
boannoides (Trisula ?),

438.
bolinoidea (Briarda;,

400.
bolinoides (Tbermesia),

537.

Bombycia, 206.
boopis (Patula), 459.
Borolia, 269.
Borsippa, 516.
bosca (Caradrina), 267.
botyoides (Xantboptera),

316.

Brada, 419.
Brana, 492.

brassicae (Hadena), 202.
bremusa (Caradrina),

200.
brevipalpis (Alamis),

468.

Brevipecten, 361.
brevipennis (Cuculia),

239.
brevipennis (Lithosia),

82.

brevirami (Agrotis), 183.
Briarda, 405.
brunellus (Rhyncho-

palpus), 143.
Brunia, 79.

brunnea (Lithosia), 81.
brunnea (Metachrostis),

332.
brunnea (Pseudogonitis),

412.
brunnea (Sypna), 448.

brunneuin (Spilosoma),

9.

Bryophila, 296.
bryophilina (Ariola), 406.
Bryophilopsis, 301.
bubo (Hypaetra), 508.
bubo (Noctua), 459.
Bucsea, 20.

bulla (Eublemma), 338.
Burdria, 400.
byssina (Leucania), 272.

Cabarda, 105, 106.
Cacyparis, Ji'O.
Caduca, 476.
cierulea (Arete), 486.
caerulea (Trisuloides),

437.

cajeta (Phalaena), 5<iO.
cajula (Arclia), Iti.
calamaria (Curubasa),

179.

calamaria (Lithosia), 79.
ealaniiiria (Setina), 115.
ca Ian i i. strata (Euplexia),

216.
calamistrata (llattia),

251.
calamistrata (Sericia),

458.

Calduba, 397.
calefaciens (Naxia), 496.
Calesia, 579, 580.
Calicula, 4-J 1.
caliginosa (8ypna), 448.
Calla-nia, L;:;>.
callichlora (Tyana), 130.
Calliinorpha, 34.
Callinola, 140.
callisoina (Aloa), 10.
Callopistria, L'.'I.'J.
Callyna, .';."•."».
Calogramma. 249.
calopasa (Brana), 492.
calopistrioides (Ancara),

225.
calorifica (Delgamma),

512.

calospila (Sinna), 128.
Calpe, 563, 564.
Calpenia, 33.
Calymera, 355.
Calyptra, 503.
campana (Serrodes), 510.
Cainptoloma, 31.
cana (Apaniea), 199.
cana (Barasa), 377.
cana (Hypothripa), 383.
canaraica (Leucania),

272.
Candida (Cyana), 58.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

58

candidula (Aloa), 28.
canescens (Graphiphora),

185.

canescens (Othora), 369.
Canua, 293.

canorufa (Perigea), 211.
canosparsa (Polia), 232.
capacior (Polydesma),

471.

capella (Lacera), 491.
Capissa, 79, 85.
Capotena, 419.
caprimulgus (Nyctipao),

460.
captatus (Brevipecten),

361.

capucina (Calpe), 563.
Caradrina, 259.
caradrinoides (Laphyg-

ma ?), 259.

Carandana, 579, 581.
caranea (Hylodes), 462.
Caranilla, 493.
Carbisa, 11.
Carcinopyga, 34.
Carea, 421, 423.
carissima (Dilemera), 46.
cashmirensis (Auchmis?),

284.
cashmirensis (Euchalcia),

575.
cashmirensis (Melipotis),

478.
casignetum (Spilosoma),

9.

Castabala, 53.
castanea (Gelastocera),

427.

castanea (Polia), 233.
castaneipars (Caradrina).

266.
castaneipennis (Semio-

phora), 206.
castaneum (Spilosoma),

8.

catella (Achgea), 494.
catena (Tarache), 312.
catenata (Polydesina),

467.

catenula (Tarache), 312.
Catephia, 481, 482.
Catocala, 439.
catocalina (Phoegorista),

156.
catocalina (Polydesma ?),

472.
catocalina (Trisuloides),

436.

catocalina (Zalissa), 155.
catocaloides (Sypna),

450.

Cauninda, 525, 526.
celtis (Plotheia), 370.
ceneusalis (Elusa), 257.
cenis (Nyctemera), 48.
centralis (Perigea), 211.
cephise (Trigonodes),

528.

cephusalis (Ilattia), 251.
cerastoides (Agrotis),

185.
ceres (Leucocosmia),

264.

certificate, (Agrotis), 181.
certior (Ophitisa), 496.
cervina (Agrotis), 186.
cervina (Briarda), 417.
cervina (Caradrina),

266.
cervina, var. instabilis

(Anomis), 417.
cespitis (Agrotis), 184.
Cetola, 434.
ceylanica (Migoplastis),

44.
ceylonica (Mimeusemia),

160.

ceylonica (Nola), 141.
Chalciope, 527.
chalciptera (Noctua),

531.
chalcoptera (Amphi-

pyra), 191.
Challa, 3.

chalsytis (Plusia), 572.
chalsytoides (Plusio-

donta), 577.
chalybea (Gyrtona),

403.

chalybea (Micra), 341.
chalybeata (Euplexia),

214.

chalybeata (Eurois), 230.
chalybeata (Hermonassa),

197.
chalybsa (Penicillaria),

395.

Chamaita, 125.
champa (Moma), 435.
Chandata, 207, 222.
Chandica, 127.
Chariclea, 176.
charmione (Phalaena),

175.

Chasmina, 288.
Checupa, 227, 229.
Chelonomorpha, 154.
chemista (Erebus), 553.
chenopodii (Noctua),

198.

Chera, 180, 184.
Chilkasa, 549.

ehilomorpha (Lithosia),

88.

Chi once ma, 56.
Chionomera, 129.
Chiripha, 227.
chlorea (Sphingomor-

pha), 490.
chloroleuca (Tyana),

131.
chloromella (Labanda)

375.
chloroptera (Nonagria'

285.
chlorostigma (Cirea),

422.

Chlumetia, 376.
chota (Lithosia), 81.
chromataria (Earias),

133.
chromatica (Barsine),

115.
chrysitina (Phalsena),

573

chrysitis (Plusia), 567.
Chrysoeglia, 72.
chryson (Noctua), 573.
Chrysopera, 493.
Chrysorabdia, 73.
chrysospila (PolytelaV

169.

Churia, 417.
Churinga, 69, 70.
Chutapha, 207, 221.
ciacula (Platyja), 540.
cidarioides (Erastria),

301, 302.

ciliaris (Plusia), 572.
ciliata (Lygniodes), 464.
ciligera (Prodenia), 247.
cilipes (Dugaria), 475.
cilium (Spodoptera), 259
cinctipalpis (Eutelia),

o92.
cinerascens (Othora),

369.
cinereicolor (JEmene),

92.

Cingalesa, 336.
cingalesa (Appana), 247.
cingalesa (Panassa), 92.
cingalesa (Rhynch opal-
pus), 144.

cingularis (Noctua), 532.
cinnamoiuea (Leucania).

277.
circumdatus (Acantho-

lipes), 520.

circumllexa (Plusia), 571.
circumsignata (Ophiusa),

495.
cirrus (Calesia), 581.

588

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

clarissima (Hypocala),

454.

Claterna, 544.
clathrum (Homsea), 551.
clavatus (Alope), 17.
clavipalpis (Phalaena),

260.

Cleoceris, 206.
Clethrophora, 416.
Olettharina, 379.
Clettharra, 383.
Clina, 404.

Clinophlebia, 288, 289.
Cloantha, 283.
Cloephora, 132.
clorana (Earias), 132.
clytia (Phalaena), 546.
c-nigrum (Agrotis), 188.
Coarica, 489.
coavestis (Nudaria), 124.
cocalus (Ophideres), 563.
coccinea (Cyana), 61.
coccinea (Miltochrista),

116.

Cocytodes, 485.
Coecila, 389.
coelisigna (Ariola), 368.
coelisparsa (Sypna), 446.
ccelonota (Plusiodonta),

577.

cognata (Caradrina), 259.
cognata (Ophisma), 504.
cognata (Spilosoma), 11.
cobaerens (Spiramia),

553.

Colbusa, 531.
coleta (Nyctemera), 49.
collaris (Creatonotus),

27.

collecta (Leucania), 275.
colligata (Tiridata), 409.
colligens (Remigia), 496.
Collita, 79.
collivolans (Milto-
christa), 117.
colon (Lithosia ?), 82.
columba (Dandaca), 401.
combinans (Chrysopera),

493.

combinans (Gonitis), 409.
comitata (Eemigia), 470.
comma (Leucania), 269.
comma (Spilosorna), 10.
com mod a (Gonitis),

409.
commoides (Leucania),

274.
communicans (Eusemia),

153.
com munis (Eusemia),

153.

commutanda (Polydes-

ma), 473.

comosa (Calesia), 580.
com par (Trigonodes),

527.
coinplacens (Hypaetra),

507.
complana (Lithosia), 79.

com])lens (Hypsetra),
509.

complexa (Ccecila), 390.

complicata (Milto-
christa), 108.

cornpressipalpis (Plusio-
donta), 577.

compta (Leucania). 1272.

concisa (Othoni), :;<»«.».

concurs (Poaphila). 524.

concubia (Catocula),
442.

concubina (Noctua), 441.

condita (Hypivtrn), 508.

conducens (Deva), 577.

conducta (Euplexia),
211.

confecta (Euplexia), 219.

conf'erta (Heliothis),
174.

conferta (Nepita), 105,
106.

conferta, var. fusca (Ne-
pita), 106.

confertissima (Raghuva),
180.

conficiens (Ophiusa),
501.

confluens (Euplexia ?),
220.

confluens (Minica), 401.

con 11 uens (Risoba), 397.

conformis (Agrotis), 184.

conformis (Lithosia),
83.

confnndens (Hadena),
208.

confusa (Nonagria), 285.

con f usa (Plusia), 568.

confusa (Spilarctia), 9.

confusa (Spiramia), 553.

confusalis (Nola), 140.

congenita (Grammodes),
531.

congerens (Miltochrista),
114.

congesta (Caradrina),
260.

congregata (Remigia),
470.

congressa (Remigia), 470.

coniecturalis (Acronycta),
242.

conjugata (Baniana?),

514.

conjunctana (Miltochris-
ta), 116.

conjux (Catocala), 440.
consanguinea (Ochro-

pleura), 188.
consanguis (Acronycta),

242.
consanguis (Hadena),

199.

Couservula, 246.
consignata (Hermonassa),

196.
consimilis (Leucania),

275.
consobrina (Phyllodes),

558.
conspersa (Metachrostis),

327.
conspersa (Nonagria),

266,

conspicillator (Phyl-
lodes), 5.">7.

conspicua (Noctua), 172.
conspicua (Speiredonia),

458.
conspurcata (Agrotis),

181.
constellata (Hadena),

209.
constellata (Hybloea),

372.

constellata (Sypna), 447.
constricta (Amiga), 390.
consueta (Thermesia),

534.

contenta (Ophisma), 495.
contentaria (Zagira), 346.
contingens (Metachros-

tis), 325.

continua (Alamis), 474.
continuatus (Creatono-
tus), 26.
contracta (Eusemia),

152.
conturbata (Briarda),

401.

convecta (Leucania), 275.
convoluta (Noctua), 71.
Coptoplax, 474.
Corcura, 86.
Corgatha, 347.
cornifrons (Mudaria),

245.
cornucopia (Westerman-

nia), 359.

coronata (Ophiusa), 502.
correcta (Agrotis), 181.
correcta (Migoplastis),

44.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

589

corrugata (Leucania),

278.

corticea (Agrotis), 181.
coruscanlis (Caradrina),

260.
corvina (Araphipyra),

191.
corvus (Amphipyra),

191.

Corycia, 559.
Corythurus, 244.
Cosmia, 321.
Cosmophila, 408, 411.
Cossa, 79.

costalis (Acontia), 313.
costalis (Euplexia), 221.
costalis (Leucania), 273.
costalis (Ockropleura),

183.

Costarcha, 93.
costata (Diduga), 96.
costata (Oruza), 350.
costata (Stictoptera),

403.

costigera (Hadena), 200.
costimacula (Polydesma),

468.
costinotalis (Corgatha),

347.
costipannosa (Oglasa),

267.
costipennosa (Melipotis),

452.
costiplaga (Callyna),

357.

costiplaga (Carea), 424.
costiplaga (Oglasa), 267.
Cotanda, 253.
cracca (Toxocampa), 245.
crambisata (Hileia), 523.
cramboides (Senta), 286.
crameri (Ophiusa), 501.
Oraspedagonia, 362
Craspedogonia, 363.
crassipalpus (Plusia),

576.

Creatonotus, 26.
creberrima (Thermesia),

536.
crepuscularis (Nyctipao),

461.
cretacea (Eublemma),

341.

cribraria (Argina), 51.
cristatrix (Ingura), 389.
cristifera (Dipterygia),

935

Crithote, 541.
crocata (Tarache), 314.
crocea (Homodes), 364.
crotalariae (Bombyx), 51.

cruciata (Miltochrista),
118.

cruentata (Curubasa),
177.

cruentata (Deiopeia), 55.

Cryassa, 390.

Crymodes, 321.

cubieularis (Noctua),
260.

cubieularis, var. cineras-
cens (Caradrina), 260.

cubitifera (Lithosia), 82.

cucubali (Hadena), 198.

cuculata (Toxocampa),
246.

Cuculia, 238.

cucullata (Lithosia), 84.

cucullatella (Nola), 139.

cucullioides(Stictoptera),
401.

culaca (Roeselia), 144.

Culasta, 563, 565.

culta (Hadena), 204.

cuneigera (Fodina), 530.

cuneonotata (Milto-
christa), 117.

cuprea (Agrotis ?), 190.

cuprea (Euplexia), 212.

cuprea (Ophiusa), 497.

cuprea (Pyrrhia), 173.

cuprea (Thalpophila),
225.

cupreimargo(Tropacme),
101.

cupreipennis (Amphipy-
ra), 192.

cupreipennis (Ilattia),

cuprina (Hadena), 202.
cuprina (Hermonassa),

197.
curiosa (Hypothripa),

383.

Curoba, 52.
curta (Dorika), 179.
curtipalpis (Eliochroea),

219.

Curubasa, 176.
curvifascia (Erastroides),

303.
curvifascia (Lyclene),

111.

curvifera (Chora), 423.
curvifera (Hypretra),

507.

curvifera (Naranga), 334.
curviferella (Subrita),

370.
curvilinea (Leucania),

279.
curvilinea (Sypua), 449.

curviplena (Agrotis), 185.
Cyana, 56.
cyanelinea (Euplexia),

222.

cyanivitta (Sypna), 448.
cyathicornis (Elusa), 258.
Cyclodes, 487.
cycloides (Laphygma),

259.

cydonia (Claterna), 544.
cygnus (Leocyma), 289.
cyllaria (Ercheia), 451.
Cyllene, 107.
cylletona (Miltochrista),

114.

cyllota (Achsea), 451.
cymatophoroides (Do-

hertya), 63.
Cymatophoropsis, 397.

Dabarita, 421, 422.
Dadica, 259.

dalbergi® (Spilosoma), 4.
darnnipennis (Capotena),

419.

Dandaca, 400.
dasara (Setina), 115.
dasyptera (Calesia), 580.
Data, 223.

daubei (Plusia), 572.
davallia (Episparis), 543.
decens (Briarda), 469.
decisigna (Setina), 113.
decisissima (Leucania),

269.
declinata (Prodenia),

247.

decora (E-emigia), 532.
decorata (Chariclea),177.
decorata (Epitecta), 193.
decorata (Erastria ?),

302.

decorata (Eurois), 227.
decorata (Karana), 217.
decrescens (Plotheia),

369.

decurrens (Sesapa), 108.
defecta (Barsine), 118.
deficiens (Ophisma), 470.
deflorata (Hypocala),

453.
defuudens (Hypaetra),

526.

Deilemera, 45.
Deiopeia, 54.
Deiopia, 54.
delatrix (Eutelia), 391.
delectii (Caradrina), 261.
deleta (Eutelia), 392.
Delgamma, 512.
delia (Noctua), 71.

590

deliana (Phalaena), 527.
delicata (Miltochrista),

110.
delicia (Miltochrista),

119.
delineata (Thalpophila),

225.
delineosa (Homoptera),

475.
delphinii (Chariclea),

176.

Delta pterum, 138.
deltifera (Chalciope),

527.
demrtella(Nephopteryx),

405.

denotata (Leucania), 275.
dentata (Alphaea), 23.
dentata (Cetola), 434.
dentata (Polia), 233.
dentatrix (Eusemia),

151.
dentatus (Rhynchopal-

pus), 143.
denticula (Leucania),

273.
denticulata (Acronycta),

242.
denticulata (Hypernse-

nia),194.

denticulata (Nola), 140.
denticulata (Stictoptera),

402.
denticulosa^ (Apamea),

210.
denticulosa (Megalodes),

310.
den tifascia( Miltochrista),

108.

dentifera (Catephia),484.
dentilinea (Spilosoma), 4.
dentilinealis (Nagasena),

360.

depicta (Curubasa), 177.
deponens (Dinumma),

355.

derogata (Micra), 340.
describens (Stictoptera),

402.

descripta (Agrotis), 184.
designata (Leucania),

275.
despicillator (Pyllodes),

557.
destituta (Metachrostis),

327.
detersa (Homoptera),

474.

detrita (Cyana), 60.
Deva, 577.
devia (Pseudophia), 481.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

dharma (Leucania), 270.
dharma (Miltochrista),

113.

diana (Chasmina), 289.
diaphanella (Palaeopsis),

123.

dichromella (Beara), 428.
dicycla (Pachylepis),

338.

Diduga, 96.

didyma (Euplexia), 210.
diffinis(Cosmia),321.
diffisa (Bagada), 517.
diffusa (Lyclene), 107.
diffusa (Naranga), 333.
Digba, 132.
dilectissima (Pachylepis),

337.

Dilemera, 45.
dimidiata (Eutelia), 395.
diminuta(Aloa), 28.
diminuta (Euplexia),

219.

diminuta (Plusia), 568.
Dimya, 231, 234.
dinumeratalis (Marima-

tha), 324.
Dinumma, 354.
dioscoriae (Noctua), 560.
Diphthera, 293. 2'.»4.
dipbtheroides (Catephia),

483.
diplostigma (Bamra),

468.
diplostigma (Elwesia),

172.

dipsacea (Heliothis), 174.
Dipterygia, 235.
Diremma, 408.
discalis (Agriopis\ 466.
discalis (Dysgonia), 501.
discalis (Thyrgorina), 13.
discibrunnea (Di-
phthera), 295.
discigera (Gadirtha), 370.
discinigra (Spilosoma), 8.
discios (Remigia), 525.
discisigna (Churia), 418.
discisignata (Euplexia),

213.
discistriga (Anophia),

482.

discistriga (Eutelia), 396.
discistriga (Hypernaria),

547.

discistriga (Lyclene),! 11.
discolor (Miniodes), 556.
discrepans (Ophideres),

563.
discriminans (Minucia),

503.

discrirainans (Ophiusa),

503.
disjuneta r(Homoptera),

475.

disjuncta (Lithosia), 74.
disiuncta (Trigonodes),

528.

dispalaki (Agrotis), 187.
disparans (Lygniodes),

464.

dispila (Panilla), 476.
disrupta (Pitiisila), 49.
dissfTt.-i (irad«-Tl:i). 200.
dissimilis (Acantholipes),

522.

dissimilis (Seudyra). 155.
dissimilis (Oxacme), 94.
Dissolophus. 253, 255.
dissoluta (Nonagria),

284.

distans (Hadena), 208.
distans (Ilypopyra), 554.
distincta (Cletbrophora),

416.

distincta (Eusemia), 153.
distincta (Loucania), 277.
distorta (Catooala), 441.
distorta (Euplexia), 218.
distorta (Pandora), 19.
distorta (Prabliasa), 77.
ditrapezium (Agrotis),

188.
diurna (Pseudelydna),

420.

divakara (Cyana), 60.
diversalis (Gonitis), 412.
diversipennis (Ercheia),

451
diversipennis (Risoba),

399.

dives (Eusemia), 153.
dividens (Agrotis), 181.
divisa (Caradrina), 265.
divisa (Eublemma), 341.
divisa (Gnophria), 70.
divisa (Hjboma), 243.
divisa (Metachrostis),

331.

divisa (Nyaca), 22.
divisa (Zagira), 345.
divulsa (Baniana), 515.
Docela. 520.
doeilis (Selepa), 370.
Dohertya, 63.
dohertyi (Cyana), 62.
dohertyi (Sinna), 129.
Dolgoma, 79.
Doliche, 56.
dolorosa (Mamestra),

211.
dominica (Glottula), 167.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

591

dominula (Callimorpha),

34.

Donachlora, 269.
douans (Blenina), 377.
Dondpra, 44, 45.
dora (Chariclea), 180.
Doranaga, 362.
Dordura, 511.
Dorika, 176.
dorsalis (Gyrtona), 406.
dorsalis (Icambosida), 15.
dorsalis (Systropha), 79.
dorsifaseialis (Gyrtona),

405.
dorsigera (Toxocampa),

24(1
dosaroides (Hiccoda),

318.

dotata (Catocala), 440.
dotata (Ophiusa), 496.
Dragana, 520, 524.
drepanoides (Cotuza),

539

drylla (Hylodes), 463.
dubitaria (Tavia), 446.
dudgeoni (Tdopterum),

104.

Dugaria, 474, 475.
dulcicula (Trischalis),

101.

dulcilinea (Eutelia), 395.
dulcis (Adisura), 177.
dulcis (Deiopeia), 51.
dulcissima (Paracrama),

134.
dulcistriga (Catephia),

483.

duplex (Ophiusa), 498.
duplexa (Eublemina),

343.
duplicans (Callopistria),

255.
duplicata (Leucania),

279.

dyaus (Plusia), 569.
Dyrzela, 259, 267.
Dysgonia, 493.

Earias, 132.
eburneigutta (Tinolius),

578.

Echlida, 11.
edemoides (Burdria),

400.

edentata (Cirroedia), 411.
efflorescens (Chera), 185.
efflorescens (Hypocala),

453, 454.

effracta (Cyana), 57.
Egelesta, 368.
egens (Metachrostis), 325.

Eilema, 79.

elatarius (Micrseschus),

352.
elegans (Desmophora),

312.

elegans (Grotea), 32.
elegans (Ophideres), 505.
Eligma, 43.
Eliocroea, 377.
elongata (Callamia), 238.
Elusa, 257.
elwesi (Hadena), 200.
Elwesia, 171.
Elydna, 321.
emarginata (Calpe), 564.
emarginata (Metachros-
tis), 333.
eraittens (Creatonotus),

28.
endoleuca (Agonista),

464.

endroma (Polia), 232.
enervis (Thermesia), 534.
Enmonodia, 552, 555.
ennomoide (Goniocraspi-

dum), 416.

entella (Philagria), 71.
entelliola (./Eonistis), 71.
Entomogramtna, 532.
entoxantha (Moma), 435.
ephesperis (Nyctipao),

461.

Epilecta, 193.
episcopalis (Pterogonia),

362,363.
Episparis, 543.
Episterne, 149.
epundoides (Anophia),

482.
equitalis (Callimorpha),

36.

Erastria, 300.
Erastroides, 303.
Ercheia, 451.
erecta (Hyela), 308.
erica (Plecoptera), 520.
erica (Spodoptera), 259.
Ericeia, 465.
Ericia, 470.

erigida (Floccifera), 281.
eriophora (Hulodes), 470.
Eriopus, 253.
eriosoma (Plusia), 569.
Eronome, 338.
erosa (Cosrnophila), 411.
erosa (Pangora), 19.
erubescens (Chera), 185.
erubescens (Orthosia),

185.

erubescens (Tricholepis),
120.

erubescens (Troctoptera),

344.,

Erygia, 444.
erythrophleps (Spilo-

soma), 8.
erythrostigmata (Nola),

139.
erythrozona (Spilosoma),

esmia (Miltochrista), 119.
Eublernma, 338.
Euchalcia, 567.
euchana (Lithosia), 84.
Eugoa, 99.
Euphasia, 310.
Euplexia, 207.
Euprepia, 15.
euprepioides (Miltochris-
ta), 116.
Eurabila, 207.
Eurhipia, 390.
Eurois, 227.
eurychlora (Polydesma),

471.

Euscotia 237.
Eusemia, 149.
Eutelia, 390.
Eutelimge, 388.
euthusa (Caradrina), 264.
evergista (Dilemera), 45.
evulsalis (Apphadana),

524.

exagens (Claterna), 544.
exanthemata (Aletia),

277.
excavata (Grammodes),

329.

excisa (Oorgatha), 348.
excisa (Metachrostis),

332.
excisa (Xanthoptera),

318.

excitans (Eutelia), 395.
exclusa (Barsine), 117.
excurrens (Sesapa), 108.
exempta (Calicula), 445.
exempta (Leucania), 273.
exigua (Agrotis), 182.
exigua (Caradrina), 259.
exiguifascia (Zalissa),

156.

exitnia (Megalodes), 309.
eximia (Thygorina), 14.
expectans (Achaea), 507.
expedita (Ophisma), 498.
exportata (Trigonodes),

exprimens (Episparis),

543.
exsanguis (Leucania),

592

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

exsicca (Gyrtona), 406.
extensa (Bematha), 546.
exterior (Leucania), 275.
exterior (Nyctipao), 460.
externa (Caradrina), 265.
extrahens (Plusia), 570.
extranea (Leucania), 275.
extricans (Hypopyra),

554.

exusta (Gelastocera), 427.
exviola (Platyja), 540.
eyndhovii (Phyllodes),

557.

fabia (Earias), 133.
Falana, 414.
falcata (Chilkasa), 549.
falcata (Hulodes), 539.
falcata (Ophiusa), 499.
falcata (Pleurona), 550.
falcata (Tyana), 181.
falcatalis (Corgatha), 348.
farinacea (Caradrina),

260.

fascialis (Tarache), 315.
fasciana (Erastria), 300.
fasciata (Acronycta), 243.
fasciata (Axylia), 280.
fasciata (Calpe), 564.
fasciata (Caradrina), 2C>7.
fasciata (Carea), 424.
fasciata (Coarica), 489.
fasciata (Curoba\ 52.
fasciata (Diphtera), 295.
fasciata (Euplexia), 222.
fasciata (Gampola), 89.
fasciata (Labanda), 374.
fasciata (Leucania), 278.
fasciata (Lithosia), 85.
fasciata (Metachrostis),

326.

fasciata (Nudaria), 123.
fasciata (Phyllodes), 557.
fasciata (Polydesina),

467.

fasciatrix(Eusemia), 153.
fasciatus (Acantholipes),

521.
fasciatus (Rhynchopal-

pus), 144.

fasciculata (Bizone), 58.
fasciculata (Hadena),

204.

fasciculipes (Achsea), 495.
fasciculosa (Calesia), 581.
fasciosa (Cosmophila),

411.

fasciosa (Mestleta), 343.
fasciosa (Oruza), 350.
fasciosa (Sarrothripa),

387.

fasciosus (Acantholipes),

522.
fautrix (Entomogram-

ma), 532.

favillatrix (Eutelia), 396.
f educia (Spiredonia), 458.
Felinia, 465, 469.
feniseca (Hypopyra), 554.
ferrit'aseiata (Chrysae-

glia), 72.

ferrif'era (Steiria), 401.
ferrifervens (Nolasena),

368.
ferrisparsa (Hadena),

201.
ferrosticta (Semiophora),

205.
ferruginea (Naranga),

333.
ferruginea (Nedroma),

400.

fervida (Earias), 133.
fervirla (Ophiodes). l'.»7.
festina(Appliadana), ~>'2l).
featina (Ophiusa), 500.
festinata (Ophiusa), 500.
festiva (Calogranmia),

249.

figlina (Anomis), 417.
figurata (Apsarasa), 290.
filipalpis (Ansa), 44."».
fiiiuin (Spodoptera), 248.
fimbria (.Egocera), 1(K).
finibriata (Prabhasa), 76.
fiiubriata (Xanthodes),

324.

firina (Acontia), 319.
iinnanientum (Hyblaea),

373.

flabellifera (Calesia), 581.
flabrifera (Nishada), 88.
flagraus (Cauiptoloma),

32,
flammatra (Agrotis),

189.
flauimealis (Barsine),

118.

flatoides (Tyana), 131.
flava (Trisdialis). 101.
flava (Xanthodes), 323.
flavala (Hadena), 203.
flavale (Spilosoma), 6.
flavens (Capissa), 85.
flavens (Thyrgoriiia), 13.
flavescens (Catepbia),

482.
flavescens (Catocala),

440.
flavicaudata (Hypernae-

nia), 196.
flayicincta (Polia), 231.

flavicollis (Mahavira),
69.

flavicolor (Hypercompa),
35.

flavicosta (Prabhasa), 77.

flavicostana (Conchylis),
97.

flavifrons (Xanthoptera),
316.

flavifusa (Perciana), 296.

flavigutta (Cehuna), 251.

flavimaculata (Caradri-
na), 2.VJ.

flavimartfo (Creatonotus),
•11.

flavipicta (Eurois), 229.

flavirena (Caradrina),

flavirena (Graphiphora),
L85.

flavisigna (Acantholipes),

flavistigina (Euplexia),

209.
flavivenosa (Miltochris-

ta), 119.
flavonigra (Tarache),

316.

Floccifera, 2s 1.
floccifera (Clettharra),

386.
floccosa (Miltochrista),

114.

floccosa (Sypna), 450.
flora (Aloa), 29.
florentina (Noctua), 175.
florescens (Alphaea), 21.
florigera (Polytela), 169.
fluviatilis (Axiopoena),

37.

Fodina, 529.
formosa (Ptyonota), 425.
forniosa (Tatargina), 54.
fortissima (Eurois), 229.
fracta (Plusia), 574.
1'ragilis (Leucania), 275.
fragilis (Nola), 139.
francisca (Bombyx), 26.
fratercula (Oruza), 349.
fraterna (Agrotis), 181.
fraterna (Girpa), 470.
fraterna (Leucania), 276.
fraterna (Rhodogastra),

38.

fraterna (R-oeselia), 140.
fraterna (Sypna), 449.
frausa (Hyelopsis), 306.
fraxini (Catocala), 439.
freda (Marirnatha), 305.
frigida (Nepita), 107.
frondosana (Earias), 133.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

593

frontalis (Graphiphora),

182.

frontalis (Ophiusa), 507.
frontalis (Plotheia), 369.
frontalis (Rabila), 170.
frontirufa (Arsacia), 567.
frugalis (Rernigia), 527.
fugitiva (Cerbia), 467.
fuliginosus (Agrisius), 65.
fullonica (Ophideres),

560.
fulvastra (Ommatopho-

ra), 552.
fulviceps (Melipotis),

478.

fulvicostata (Diduga), 96.
fulvida (Cosmophila),

409.

fulvidana (Earias), 133.
fulvipicta (Eutelia), 394.
fulvipuncta (Machsero-

phora), 121.
fulvohirta (Alphaea), 20.
fulvotaenia (Ophiusa),

504.

furaidisca (Lithosia), 80.
fumipennis(Creatonotus),

29.

fumipennis (Diduga), 96.
funebris (Phalaenoides),

155.

funesta (Hadena), 211.
furcifera (Borolia), 278.
furcifera (Plusia), 568.
furtiva (Caradrina), 263.
fusca (Erastria), 300.
1'usca (Metachrostis), 331.
fusca lis (Miltocbrista),

111.
fuscapex (Utriculifera),

95.
fuscescens (Thumatha),

122.

fuscicilia (Lithosia), 80.
fuscicilia (Xanthoptera),

317.

fuscicollis (Isoura), 506.
fusci corpus (Calesia), 581 .
fuscicosta (Acantholipes),

524.
fuscifusa (Miltochrista),

113.
fuscipenne (Spilosoma),

fuscipes (Systropha), 83.
fuscistriga (Prabhasa),

77.
fuscomarginata (Carea),

424.
fuscovirens (Nonagria),

285.

TOL. II.

fusifera (Achaea), 451.
fusifrous (Spilosoma),

148.
futilis (Eublemma), 340.

Gabala, 136.
G-adirtha, 367.
galactina (Areas), 25.
galaxia (Perigea), 211.
Galleriomorpha, 368.
gamma (Plusia), 568.
gammoides (Trigonodes),

519.

Gampola, 89.
Gandhara, 79.
Garudinia, 97.
gastropachoides (Calesia),

582.

gazella (Cyana), 61.
Gelastocera, 427.
gelida (Cyana), 60.
gemma (Acantholipes),

524.
gemraans (Nyctipao),

461.
gemrnatalis (Thermesia),

533.
gemmifer (Micraeschus),

353.
gemmifera (Euplexia),

217.

genistas (Noctua), 192.
geometrica (Grammodes),

531.
georaetroides (Dianthoa-

cia), 445.
Gesonia, 520, 523.
Ghoria, 69.
gigas (Macrobrochis),

65.

gilvago (Xanthia), 171.
Girpa, 465.
glaucescens (Bryophila),

300.
glaucescens (Neothripa).

382.
glaucinans (Homoptera),

475.
glaucistriga (Prodenia),

247.
glaucochlora (Ancara),

226.
glaucofascia (Cropia),

509.

glaucopis (Erastria), 302.
glaucopis (Nyctipao),

461.
glaucopoides (Spersara),

390.
glaucopteron (Ischyia),

538.

glaucoftigma (Bryophi-
la), 300.

gloriosa (Barsine), 118.
gloriosae (Polytela), 168.
Glottula, 167.
glycinae (Phalauoides),

154.

Gnamptocera, 253,
Gnamptogyia, 478,
Gnamptonyx, 480.
Gnophria, 69.
Gonerda, 15.
Goniocraspidum, 416.
Gonitis, 408.
Gonopterinae, 406.
gopara (Spilosoma), 5.
gossypii (Earias), 133.
gothica (Semi^phora),

205.
gothica, var. singularia

(Noctua), 188.
graellsii (Acontia), 324.
grarainalis (Labanda),

375.

Grammodes, 531.
grammophora (Auto-

ceras), 92.
granulata (Cocytodes)

487.

Graphiphora, 180.
grata (Dipterygia), 237
gratiosa (Laphygma),

249.
gratiosa (Miltochrista),

118.

gravata (Ophiusa), 494.
gregalis (Remigia), 526.
grisalis (Nola), 140.
grisea (^Emene), 91.
grisea (Argyrothripa),

381.

grisea (Blenina), 378.
grisea (Caradrina), 260.
grisea (Noctua), 260.
grisea (Phillophila), 320.
grisea (Polia?), 235.
grisea (Stictoptera), 401.
grisea (Xanthoptera),

320.
griseata (Bryophilopsis),

361.
griseimarginata (Eurois),

229.
griseinigra (Labanda),

374.

griseirufa (Polia), 233.
griseivena (Agrotis),

187.
griseofasciata (Leucania),

griseola (Lithosia), 80.

594

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

griseovirens (Plotheia),

369.

Grotea, 32.
Gurna, 105.
gutta (Plusia), 571.
guttanivis (Gonitis),

409.

guttata (Argina), 51.
guttifera (Cyaua), 59.
guttiventris (Chlumetia),

376.

guttivitta (Agrisius), 64.
guttulosa (Gadirtha),

369.
guttulosana (^Emene).

92.

Gyrognatha, 344.
Gyrtona, 404.

Hadena, 198.
haematopus (Hypopre-

pia?), 148.
haernorrhoa (Calesia),

579.

Halias, 132.
hamifera (Leucania),

270.

hamifera (Plusia), 569.
hamifera (Poaphila),

519.

Hamodes, 547.
hampsoni (Migoplastis),

44.

hampsoni (Nola), 141.
hamulifera (Acrapex),

286.

Haploolophua, 253, 254.
harfordi (Ancara), 224.
Harmatelia, 542.
harmonia (Phalaena),

459.

harterti (Cyana), 61.
hastata (Hadena ?), 199.
hebetata (Plusia), 574.
helicina (Speiredonia),

553.

Heliocheiltis, 174.
Heliochilus, 17<>.
Heliomanes, 338.
Heliotbis, 174.
hemigena (Ocnogyna),

18.
Hemipachycera, 253,

255.

Hemipsectra, 520, 524.
hemirhoda (Eublemma),

342.

hemodi (Pandesma), 471.
Hemonia, 91.
hepatizans ( Ainphigonia ),

545.

herbaria (Hyelopsis),

306.
herbealis (Labanda),

375.

herchatra (Polia), 231.
Hermonassa, 196.
Hesudra, 69.
heterocampa (Euplexia),

223.
heterocainpoides (Eu-

plexia), 221.
Hiccoda, 316.
hieroglyphica(Nyctipao),

hieroglyphica (Rama-

dasa), 358.
hilaris (Nepita), 106.
Hileia, 520.
himalayica ( Amphipyra),

193.
himaleyica (Caradrina),

260.

Holocraspedum, 102.
Horn sea, 551.
Homodes, 364.
homoena (Othreis), 560.

lloiliopv-flir. ]-•">.

Homoptera, 474, 476.
hornopterana (Leucania),

272.
honesta (Metachrostis),

330.

honesta (Ophiusa). 504.
horridipes (Crithote),

542.
horsfieldii (Cosmophila),

410.

hortensis (Tarache), 311.
hottentota (Ophiodes),

503.

howqua (Spilarctia), 9.
howra (Leucania), 271.
howra (Spilarctia), 9.
hiigeli (Caradrina), 2til.
Inigeli (Eariae), 133.
Hulodes, 462.
humeralis (Ityca), 86.
humeralis (Steiria), 401.
humilis (Miltochrista),

115.

humilis (Plusia), 570.
Hyada, 231, 235.
Hyblaaa, 371.
hyblsea (Agrotis), 219.
Hyboma, 240, 241.
hybrida (Noctua), 561.
Hyela, 307.
Hyelopsis, 304.
Hylodes, 462.
Hylophila, 132.
hylusalis (Gyrtona), 404.

hymeuaBa (Nyctemera),

50.

Hypaetra, 507.
hypenoides (Acautho-

lipes), 521.
hypenoides (Borsippa),

518.
hypenoides (Metachros

tis), 328.
Hypercompa, 34.
Hyperdasys. 25:>.
hyperamestra (Ophi-

"deres),5^2.
Hypernaenia, 194.
hyperythrum (Tinoso-

ma), 42U.
Hyphilarsi, 2< '•'.).
Hypocala, 4.">_!.
Hypocalpe, r.c,:!.
hy pocy anea ( A nisone u ra ) ,

466,
hypocyauea (Hyblaja),

372.
hypoleuca (Agonista),

livpopha-a (Alainis), 474.
1J\ |H>])\ r;i. .V>L'. ."i.")4.

hypopyroides (Euino-

iiodia), 555.
Hypospila, 5:53, 537.
Hypothripa, 383.
hyppasia (Trigonodes),

527.
hypsana (Tinolius), 579.

icamba (Euplexia), 222.
Icambosida, 11.
iconica (Anomis), 417.
icterica (l)abarita), 5l>().
idonea (.Maxula), 555.
idouea (Phalaena), 182.
Idoptcrtim, 103.
ignea (J)orika), 178.
ignota (Ochropleura),

183.

ila (Miltochrista), 121.
Ilattia, 250, 251.
illabata (Ophiusa), 495.
illecta (Perigea), 211.
illucida (Stictoptera),

403.
illunaris (Pseudophia),

480.

illustris (Noctua), 575.
illusl.ris, var. uralensis

(Plusia), 575.
imbuta (Alphoea), 21.
imbuta (Tarache), 314.
imitata (Acontia), 323.
immodesta (Cocytodes),

487.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

595

imparata (Xanthia),

322.
impelleus (Xanthodes),

322.

imperialis (Areas), 25.
impingens (Gadirtha),

367.

impleta (Alphsea), 24.
impleta (Eutelia), 391.
imprimens (OthoraX

369.

impulsa (Plusia), 573.
inacuta (Trigonodes),

527.

inasqualis (Selenis), 345.
inangulata (Polydesma),

470.

inara (Serrodes), 510.
inchoata (Plusia), 574.
incisa (Hadena), 201.
incisa (Herruonassa),

197.
includens (Hypaetra),

includens (Othora), 406.
includens (Plusia), 569.
inclyta (Polytela), 169.
incondita (Metachrostis),

328.
inconsisa (Remigia),

526.
inconspicua (Acantho-

lipes),521.
inconspicua (Lyclene),

ineonspicua (Meranda),

335.
inconstans ( Anachrostis) ,

100.
inconstans (Catocala),

439.
inconstans (Nyctemera),

47.

inda (Acontia), 314.
indecisa (Calpe), 566.
indecisa (Pseudophia),

481.

indenta (Spiramia), 553.
indica (Apopestes), 192.
indica (Callopistria),

256.

indica (Conservula), 246.
indica (Cosmophila),

411.
indica (Dipterygia), 235,

236.

indica (Euplexia), 219.
indica (Gurna), 105.
indica (Hadena), 203.
indica (Sarrothripa),

388.

indica (Thyrgorina), 12.
indicatana (Sarrothripa),

387.

indicator (Plusia), 572.
indiscriminata(Ophiusa),

503.

indistans (Euplexia), 208.
indistincta (Caradrina),

268.
indistincta (Costarcha),

94.
indistincta (Lyclene),

119.
indistincta (Ophiusa),

497.

indistincta (Selca), 147.
indrasana (Vithora), 160.
inducens (Gonitis), 409.
inducta (Teulisna), 87.
inefficiens (Xanthodes),

322.

inepta (Euplexia), 218.
inexacta (Gadirtha),

367.

inexacta (Perigea), 211.
inextricans (Hadena),

208.
inextricata (Euscotia),

237.
inextricata (Eutelia),

395.
infausta (Trisuloides),

436.

infecta (Prodenia), 248.
inferens (Nonagria), 284.
infida (Targalla), 391.
iuflexa (Miltochrista),

118.
infligens (Homoptera),

475.
infratnicans (Leucania),

270.
infrequens (Pseud ophia),

481.
infurnata (Miltochrista),

113.

Ingura, 388.
innocens (Xanthodes),

324.

innotata (Lithosia), 85.
innuba (Agrotis), 190.
innubila (Anthophila),

566.

ino (Achaea), 495.
ino (Trigonodes), 529.
inordinata (Odontodes),

400.

inornata (Miana), 251.
inquieta (Catephia), 484.
iuscitius (Acantholipes),
522.

inscripta (Roeselia), 146.
insignata (Caradrina),

259.
insigaata (Prodenia),

248.

insolatrix (Noctua), 310.
insolatus (Oreatonotus),

28.
insolitata (Cacyparis),

126.

insulana (Earias), 133.
insulata (Baniana), 516.
insulsa (Spodoptera),

259.
intaminata (Caradrina),

261.

integra (Plusia), 569.
interioratum (Camptolo-

ma), 31.
interlecta (Nyctemera),

intermedia (Auchmis),

283.
intermixta (Gortyna),

intermixta (Lithosia), 84.
interrupta (Mestleta),

339.
interruptus (Creatono-

tus), 26.
intersepta (Acontia),

323.
interserta (Lyclene),

116.
interstincta (Graphi-

phora), 267.
interstitialis (Macrobro-

chis), 65.

intorta (Baniana), 515.
intracta (Agrotis), 183.
invaria (Mecyra), 582.
involuta (Eurois), 230.
involuta (Gonitis), 409.
lontha, 541.
irenea (Eusemia), 153.
irrecta (Zagira), 345.
irregularis (Leucania),

281.
irregularis (Eajendra),

23.
irrorata (Batracharta),

444.

irrorata (Chariclea), 179.
irrorata (Leucania), 274.
irrorata (Leucania), 280.
isabellina (Ak>a), 29.
Iscbyja, 537.
Isoura, 506.
itwarra (Metachrostis),

330.
Ityca, 86.

2Q2

596

japona (Chelonomorpha),

154.

japonicus (Agrisius), 65.
Jarasana, 479.
Jessica (Plusia), 568.
jocosatrix (Eutelia), 393.
joviana (Ophiusa), 499.
jubra (Pandesma), 467.
jucunda (Melipotis),

477.

jucundurn (Spilosoma), 6.
judicata (Leocyma), 289.
jugalis (Eemigia), 526.
jugaria (Callyna), 356.
juncea (Heliothis), 519.
juncta (Fodina), 530.
junctura (Agrotis), 189.
junctura (Polia), 234.
juno (Lagoptera), 505.

kadenii (Caradrina\ 260.

kalitura (Plusia), 576.

Kalmina, 547, 548.

karachiensis (Tarache),
313.

Karana, 207.

kashmirensis (Mega-
lodes), 309.

Katha, 79.

Kerala, 62.

Khadira, 559, 562.

khandalla (Aloa), 23.

thasiana (Bryophila),
299.

khasiana (Calpenia), 33.

khasiana (Polia ?), 234.

kirbyi (Sypna), 449.

knyvetti (Hadena), 203.

Koptoplax, 465.

korana (Phoberia), 516.
^107.

Labanda, 374.

Lacera, 491.

laciniosa (Caradrina),

260.
lacteatuin (Spilosoma),

lacticinia (Nyctemera),

47.
lactineus (Creatonotus),

27.

laeta (Cacyparis), 127.
latabilis (Ophisma), 495.
Iffititia (Nyctipao), 461.
Iffsvis (Lithosia), 84.
lagenifera (Euplexia),

216.
lageniformis (Euplexia),

223.
lageos (Naxia), 502.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

Lagoptera, 505.
lagusalis (Acantholipes),

523.

1-album (Leucania), 270.
laniinata (Pisara), 145.
lancea (Noetua), 210.
lanceata (Leucania), 269.
lanceola (Hermonassa),

197.
lanceolata (Chariclea),

177.
lanceolata (Hypoprepia),

118.

lancina (Tyaua), 131.
Laphygma, 259.
lapidaria (Gyrtona), 406.
larentica (Amyna), 2." 2.
larentiformis (Erastria),

301.
largeteaui (Dinumma),

355.

lassa (Agrotis), 181.
lata (Othora), 3r,J).
latana (Garudinia), 98.
lateralis (Anophiu), 485.
laticincta (Gerbatha),

375.
latifascia (Dysgonia),

500.

latifascialis (Selca), 146.
latif'asciata (Apamea),

199.
latimargo (Eusemia),

153.
latimargo (Pseudogoni-

tis), 412.

latipennis (Briarda), 194.
latipennis (Hadena),

250.
latistriga (Nyctemera),

47.
lativitta (Hyelopsis),

305.
lativitta (Hypocala),

lativitta (Jarasana), 479.
lativitta (Plotheia), 3(59.
lativitta (Spilosoma),

23.

lativittata (Nola), 142.
latreillei (Callopistria),

253.
laudula (Polydesma),

468.

lauta (Selenis), 345.
laxa (Kemigia), 525.
Lazanda, 374.
Lebena, 139.
lectrix (Eusemia), 149.
lectula (Plusia), 576.
Leocyma, 288, 289.

leonina (Hadena), 211.
leonina (Noetua), 502.
leopardina (Alphaea), 22.
lepida (Agriopis), 466.
leporina (Aeronycta),

240.

Leptosoma, 46.
Leucania, 269.
leucanioides (Adisura),

173.
leucocera (Bpmbycia),

207.

Leucocosmia, 259, 264.
Leucopardus, 31.
leucophlebia (Acrapex),

287.

leucopos (Phurys). f>2l.
leucospila (Doranaga),

leucospila (Euplexia),

212.
leucospila (Perigea),

251.
leucospilota (Macro-

brochis), ('»."».
leucospilota (Nyctemera),

-4'.).

leucosticta (Eurois), 229.
leucostigma (Ancara ?),

224.
leucostigma (Erebus),

580.
leucostigma (Noetua),

lichenca (Bryophila),

2J7.
lichenigera (Callimor-

pha?), 36.
lichenoides (Gallerio-

morpha), 369.
lichenoides (Polydesma),

473.
lichenosa (Blenina),

378.

lichenosa (Mithila), 489.
ligaminosa (Anthophila),

192.

lignea (Euplexia), 210.
ligniferata (Ramesa),

434.

lignosa (Axylia), 186.
lilach (Anereuthina),

510.
lilacina (Argyrothripa),

380.

lilacina (Churia), 418.
lilacina (CoUita), 80.
limacodina (Pachylepis),

337.

limbana (Earias), 133.
liinbata (Nepita), 106.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

597

limbirena (Plusia), 568.
linatula (Bizone), 58.
lindsayi (Polydesma),

474.

linea (Cbasmina), 289.
linearis (Noctua), 531.
lineatipes (Leucania),

279.
lineatrix (Penicillaria) ,

394.

lineolata (Ariolica), 129.
Lineopalpa, 408.
lineosa ((Jaradrina), 265.
lineosa (Cosmophila),

410.

linga (Miltochrista), 110.
linogrisea (Epilecta),

193.

linteola (Catepbia), 482.
literata (Bryopbila), 297.
literata (Euplexia), 215.
literata (Risoba), 399.
Lithosia, 79.
Litbosiince, 39.
littoralis (Prodenia), 247.
livida (Ampbipyra), 191.
lobifera (Plusia), 572.
longinquua (Anophia),

483.
longipalpis (Zagira),

34l>.

longipennis (Nicaea), 30.
longipennis (Sadarsa),

404.
longipennis (Zalissa),

15(1

Lophoneura, 78.
loreyi (Leucania), 274.
lotrix (Phalcena), 55.
lubrica (Eurois), 228.
lubricipeduin (Spiloso-

ma), 3.

lucida (Tarache), 310.
lucidalis (Pisara), 145.
lucilla (Sypna), 450.
lucipara (Euplexia), 207.
ludatrix (Penicillaria),

391.

ludifica (Moma), 435.
Lugana, 257.
lugens (Sypna), 494.
lugubris (Bombyx), 315.
luminosa (Omniato-

phora), 552.
lunata (Hermonassa),

196.
lunata (Hornoptera),

474.
lunifer (Brevipecten),

362.
lunit'era (Baniana), 515.

lunifera (Zagira), 345.
lunodes (Ingura), 388.
lunulata (Anuga), 390.
Luperina, 207.
lurida (Simareea), 90.
luteago (Xantbia), 170.
luteiceps (Baniana),

513.
luteiceps (Plecoptera),

520.
luteifascia (Trisuloides),

437.

luteifrons (Eurois), 227.
luteipalpis (Ophiusa),

502.

luteolaria (Earias), 134.
lutosa (Borsippa), 517.
lycaugesaria (Oruza),

350.

Lyclene, 107.
Lycimna, 550.
lycopodia (Chalciope),

527.

Lygnoides, 463.
Lyiicesfcis, 479.

Macaldenia, 493.
Maceda, 397.
Macbasrophora, 121.
Macotasa, 79, 84.
macra (Laphygma), 259.
Macrobrochis, 65.
macrops (Nyctipao), 459.
mactans (Barsine), 118.
macula (Audea), 439.
maculata (Cburia), 418.
maculata (Eutelia), 393.
maculata (Leocyina),

290.

maculata (Noctua), 563.
maculata (Sidyma), 68.
niaculatrix (Eusemia),

153.
maculifascia (yEuiene),

92.
maculifasciata (Milto-

christa), 110.
maculosa (Acontia), 314.
maculosa (Nyctemera),

45.

Mienas, 558, 559.
magica (Corycia), 502.
magna (Ampbipyra),

191.
magna (Miltocbrista),

112.
magna (Xantboptera),

320.
magnifica (Chrysaeglia),

72.
magnifica (Eurois), 231.

Magusa, 226.
Mahavira, 68.
mabura (Obalciope),

527.

major (Nola), 142.
malachitis (Dipbthera),

294.
maligera (Phyllodes),

558.
mallarba (Metacbrostis),

330.

malvae (Acontia), 322.
Mamestra,. 198.
mamestrina (Hadena),

204.

manlia (Iscbyja), 537.
mansueta (Maceda), 397-
Manulea, 79.
margaritacea (Nudaria),

123.
margaritaria (Nudaria),

123.

marginago (Noctua), 172.
marginalis (Agrotis),

181.
marginalis (Cbariclea),

177.

marginalis (Sypna), 448.
marginata (Aloa), 27.
marginata (Aramuna),

517.
marginata (Borsippa),

516.
marginata (Curubasa),

177.
marginata (Erastria ?),

302.
marginata (Hainodes),

547.

marginata (Noctua), 172.
marginata (Xanthocras-

peda), 122.
marginata (Xantboptera),

316.

Marimatha, 324.
inarmorea (Perciana),

296.
marmorea (Poaphila),

535.

Masalia, 176.
mastrucata (Polydesma),

468.

materna (Opbideres), 561 .
matberana (Pangora), 20.
maturata (Ophiusa), 499.
maturescens (Opbiusa),

499.

maura (Axiopaena), 37.
mauritia (Spodoptera),

248.
maxima (Triaena), 240.

598

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

maxima (Trigonodes),
528.

Maxula, 552, 555.

mayeri (Ophiusa), 526.

Mecyra, 579, 582.

media (Hadena), 199.

mediana (Hadena), 200.

mediifascia (Eutelia),
393.

mediocre (Entomogram-
ma), 532.

mediofusca (Leucania),
280.

mediorufa (Thermesia),
536.

Megalodes, 309.

megastigma (Hadena),
215.

megastigmata (Borsippa),
518.

mejanesi (Ophiusa), 498.

Melanareas, 24.

melanchlaena (Zantho-
ptera), 318.

melanocephala (Therme-
sia), 535.

irelanoleuca (Milto-
christa), 120.

melanopsis (Spilosoma),

melanosoma (Thyrgo-

rina), 15.
melanospila (Euplexia),

melanosticta (Caradrina),

266.
melanostigma (Erastria),

302.

melanthus (Phalaena), 38.
meleagris (Alamis), 477.
melicerte (Ophiusa), 494.
Melipotis, 477, 478.
melonina (Xanthia). 170.
mendax (Alamis), 475.
menete (vEgocera), 157.
menetriesii (Caradrina),

260.

mercatoria (Noctua), 495.
meridionalis (Acontia),

314.
mesogona (Cosmopbila),

408.

Mestleta, 338.
Metachrostis, 325.
metallescens (Oraesia),

564.

metallica (Euplexia), 213.
metaspila (Polydesma),

metaspilella (Plotheia),
371.

metaxantha (Gonitis),

409.
meterythra (Arachno-

gnatha), 373.
meterythra (Bombycia),

207.

Methoraea, 253.
mezentia (Ophiusa), 494.
mianoides (Xanthoptera),

317.
miasma (Metacbrostis),

325.

micacea (Leucania), 279.
Micardia, 309.
Micra, 338.
Micraeschus, 351.
microrhaea ? (Noctua),

504.

Microsemyra, 284, 286.
miorosticta (Polia) 233.
microxantha (Lithosia),

81.

Migoplastis, 44.
Miltochrista, 107.
Mimeusemia, 159.
miniata (Miltochrista),

107.

Minica, 400.
minima (Prodenia), 248.
Miniodes, 55(>.
Minnagora, 139.
minor (Callopistria),

254.

minor (Capnodes), 347.
Minucia, 493.
minuta (Callopistria),

264.

minuta (Nola), 141.
minuticornis (Calpe),

565.
minutus (Micraeschus),

353.

mirabile (Tinosoma),426.
mirabilis (Oj)liiusa), fOl.
miser (Acantbolipes),

522.

Mithila, 488.
Mithuna, 86.
moderata (Apamea), 211.
modesta (Agrotis), 188.
modesta (Arete), 487.
modesta (Bryophila),

297.

modesta (Hecatera), 232.
mcdesta (Leucania), 274.
modesta (Plusia), 575.
modesta (Pradatta), 179.
modesta (Spiramia), 553.
modesta (Thalatta), 411.
modesta (Xanthoptera),

320.

Moepa, 474.

molleri (Cyana), 60.

mollis (Hypopyra), 553.

Moma, 435.

mona (Spilosoma), 5.

monilialis (Gyrtona),

405.

monilis (Amyna ?), 252.
monoleuca (Callyna),

356.
monolitha (Ampbipyra),

191.
montanum (Spilosoma),

monteironis (Sphingo-

morpha), 490.
monticola (Agrotis), 183.
moola (Toxocampa), 469.
moolaica (Pitasila), 48.
Moorea, 32.

moorei (Creatonotus), 27.
moorei (Hypocala), 454.
moorei (Sphetta), 508.
moorei (Sypna), 44'. >.
mopsa (Phalaena), ^'2.
inorraoides (Sypna), 446.
Mosara, 485,
mosara (Anophia), 484.
Motania, 300.
mucronata (Euplexia),

221.

Mudaria, 245.
in ult icolor (Lagoptera),

606.
multiguttata (Lagira),

346.

multiguttatum (Spilo-
soma), 3.
multilineata (Gnampto-

gyia), 479.
multiplicans (Piada),

390.
multipuncta (^mene),

93.
nuiltipunctata (Kerala),

62.
multiscripta (Ophideres),

560.

multistriata (Milto-
christa), 1C9.
multivittata (Thyrgo-

rina), 12.

mundana (Nudaria), 122.
mundata (Polydesma),

465.
mundicolor (Grammo-

des), 529.

muralis (Bryophila), 296.
mus (Caradrina), 268.
muscosa (Bryophila),

298.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

599

muscosa (Diomea), 374.
inutans (Plusia), 568.
inutuata (Remigia), 526.
mygdon (Grarnmodes),

531.
mygdonia (Phalama),

459.
mygdonias (Obalciope),

531.

myops (Ophiusa), 499.
rnystica (Callyna), 357.

Nachaba, 376.
nadgani(Bryophila), 298.
nagaensis (Hadena), 201.
Nagasena, 360.
nainica (Leucania), 274.
Naranga, 333.
Narasodes, 95.
narcissus (Eligma), 43.
nareda (Leucania), 269.
natalis (Berresa), 252.
natara (Lithosia), 79.
Naxia, 493.

nebecula (Lithosia), 83.
nebulifera (Anthopbila),

342.

nebulosa (Setina), 115.
nectens (Aucha), 194.
Nedroma, 400.
nefasta (Leucania), 272.
negrita (Eusemia), 151.
negrita (Nola), 142.
negritus (Creatonotus),

28.

Neothripa, 382.
nepcha (Zalissa?), 157.
Nepita, 105, 106.
Neuria, 198.
neuropteroides (Cba-

maita), 125.
Neviasca, 543.
ni (Plusia), 570.
Nicaea, 30.

nictitans (Noctua), 210.
nietneri (Dicbromia),

105.

nigerrima (Hadena), 202.
nigba (Serrodes), 510.
nigralba (Miltocbrista),

109.

nigrescens (Arete), 487.
nigrescens (Macrobro-

chis), 65.

nigricans (Alphtea), 23.
nigridia (Xanthoptera),

320.
nigridisca (Clettbarra),

385.

nigrifascia (Cuculia), 239.
nigrifascia (Nola), 141.

nigrifrons (Litbosia), 84.

nigrifrons (Tbyrgorina),
12.

nigrilinea (Minica), 401.

nigrilineosa (Leucania),
279.

nigriluna (Plusia), 569.

nigripalpis (Xantho-
ptera), 318.

nigripars (Lithosia), 81.

nigripennis (Eusemia),
152.

nigripunota (Anachros-
tis), 100.

nigriricta (Hamodes),

nigrisigna ( Acantbolipes),

520.

nigrisigna (Churia), 418.
nigrisigna (Plusia), 570.
nigritarsis (Rusicada),

409.
nigrivitta (Acronycta),

242.
nigrivittata (Hyela),

308.
nigrocinerea (Gyrtona),

405.
nigrocuprea (Hadena),

199.
nigrofasciata (Leucania),

279.
nigrofusca (Apphadana),

523.

nigrogrisea (Ancara),224.
nigropunctum (Holo-

craspedum), 102.
nigrorenalis (Leucania),

277.
nigrosigna (Graphi-

phora), 185.
nigrovenosa (Nyctemera),

49.
nigroviridis (Hypernte-

nia), 195.
Nikgea, 30.
Nikara, 231.

nilgiria (Bryophila), 298.
nilgirica (^Emene), 92.
nipalensis (Eusemia),

153.

Nishada, 88.
nitens (Cletharina), 379.
nitida (Carea), 423.
nitida (Selca), 147.
nivea (Catocala), 442.
nivea (Litbosia), 79.
niveidisca (Argyro-

thripa), 382.
niveiplaga (Euplexia),

208.

niveisparsa(Agrotis), 187.
nivescens (Dianthoecia),

215.

niviapex (Selenis), 345.
nivosa (Taracbe), 313.
Noctuid», 160.
noctuoides (Hvpastra),

507.
nocturna (Dipterygia),

235.
nocturnus (Corvthurus),

244.

nodicornis (Lithosia), 88.
Nola, 138.
nolalella (Sarrothripa),

388.

Nolasena, 368.
Nolinse, 137.
Nonagria, 284.
non-atrum (Bombyx),

188.

notabilis (Taracbe), 311.
Notata, 102.
notata (Argina). 51.
notata (Noctua), 529.
notatus (Acantholipes),

522.

nubes (Pterogonia), 363.
nubes (Spodoptera), 248.
nubifascia (Miltocbrista),

119.

nubifera (Ach.-ea), 495.
nubigera (Heliothis),

175.

nubila (Abrostola), 575.
nubila (Apamea), 185.
nubila (Erastria), 300.
nubilalis (Miltocbrista),

114.

nubilata (Euplexia), 208.
nubilosa (Tarache), 315.
uuda (Thalpocharos),

339.

Nudaria, 122.
nugatrix (Eutelia), 394.
nupta (Catocala), 441.
Nyaca, 20.
Nyctemera, 46.
nyctemerata (Callimor-

pha), 36.
Nycteolinae, 128.
Nyctipao, 458.
nydia (Spilarctia), 9.
nympha (Chamaita),

126.

nympbaa (Catocala),
440.

obducta (Noctua), 187.
obeditalis (Acautbolipes),
523.

600

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

oblatarius (Micrccschus),

352.
obliqua (Acronycta ?),

'243.
obliqua (Batracbasta),

4H.

obliqua (Hadena). I'll).
obliqua (Hyela), :HJ7.
obliqua (Miltochrista).

114.

obliqua (Therms
obliqua (Tochara .
obliquifascia (AlpiuMl),

24.
obliquiorbis (Apaine-a),

2U9.
obliquuigna t MetarLnv—

obliquistria (Teulisim),

obliquivitta (Thyrgo-

rina), 13.
oblita (Therm
obliterani ( Am-ar
oliliu-rans i Litlm-
obliii-'-ai;.- , N\<-i ;

obliviosa (A^rntis), 181.
oblonga (Trulisna), 75.
obscura (Kublemma),

342.

obscura (Kin.-lia .
obscura (Leiu-ania i. 277.
•ibM-ura (Metai/i.

326.

obscura (Noctua), 1^7.

oltM'UIM (I'

75,

obscurata (Sypna), 45<».
obsolescent (Carea). 4'J.">.
obsoleta (LycU>m>). !<>'•'.
tibstructa (Crhviia). L'.'>1.
obslructa (Risoba), .T.is.
oliti'nta (Culduba), .'1(.>7.
olitusa (Cai-adrina), 2<»1.
obtusisigna ( l'lu.~
obumbrata (Onliiuea),

r>(.L>.

occ-ulta (Argyrotbripa),

381,

occulta (Eurois), i'L'7.
ocellata (Cburia), 418.
ocellifera (Alope), 17.
ochracea (Agrotis), 182.
ocbracea (Churia). 418.
ochracea (Cosmia), 322.
ochracea (Hamodes),

548.

ochracea (Lyclene), 111.
ochracea (Nepita), 106.
ochracea (Rivula), 336.

ochreata (Plu.-!:i . .'17:',.
ochreicilia (Sypna). 447.
ochreifascia (Phu

521.
ochreimargo (Caradriua) ,

2i»4.
oclireipuncta ((.

driua), 263.
Ocnogyna, 18.
octo (Amyna), 2")1.
urularia (Hypa-tra), 510.
oculatu (Poaphila), W9.
oculea (Aj)ainra), 211.
Odontodes, 4(H).
(Ki)iii.-tis. 7;:.
(>-la>a. 620, .'.2:5.
i>!i\acca i llrri'liu';
ulivacea ( Kubleiiima ),

cliva.va (N.
olivacea (I1;::
135,

. :ir;.

ulivana ( I'J'a>t r-

\^rotis), 182.

ulivaM-uis (Lui)i-.

Stictoptera),
403,

olivea (Taracln- >. '.'A 3.
uliu'srt •!!> (Anuphia >,

182.

oliviaria < Bnwlroidet),
80S.

tia (Ophiusa

< >\ j-i.a \

oinnia (Cycloiclcs), 488.
Oiimmtojtliura. (
ont'lia (()phill^a , .M>±
oiiu^ta (Othora). :;r»l».
oojihora i 1'x-ucublabes),

i'7.
upacaria (Caradrina),

286.
opalescens (Hydrelia),

334.

opalina (Pisara;, 144.
oiialinoides (TaracheV

311.
opella (Xanthoptera),

317.

opheltes (Eusemia), 150.
Ophideres, 558, 560.
ophideroides (Calpe),

564.

Ophiodes, 493.
Ophisma, 493.
Ophiusa, 493.
opposita (Euplexia), 209.

optativa (Remigia), 470.
optatura (Reinigi.
optiva (Toxophk'i
opuleiita (.Mpilfi-i
Urasia, 5Ci3, .'»('.4.
orhicularis (Labanda),

375.

orbicularis ( CaradriOA),

2.V.t.
orbil'n-a (Argyrothripa),

orbiferana (Hemonia),
91.

orichalcca ( I'lusia). 573.
orieiiiahs ( Arcti:i
orit'iitalis (Aiva>). L'.».
uriciitalis ( J'iiiM-iuia ),

151.

orientalis (Halia>\ 1.".2.
orientalis (Glottul

•.uiipa),

246.

oriolus i Fodina ,
crioM . Diphthrra
ornala ( .Nlin;
ornala ( 1'ulult-Mi.
uniatispiina (Tli,

572.

OnmiiMia. 4J55, 473.

ortho^r:ii»ta (t'al]

ort Indiana ( llenuinia),

•M7.
OrtLofiioiddfl (Srinio-

phora), 205.

Oruz;,.

i
554.

oba, 413.
Othura, 368.
Othrei*,

otiowi ( rolydfsnia), 468.
otophora (Theruiesia),
E36.

ovale (Idopterum), 103.
Oxacnie, 94.
Oxygonilif, 415.
oxygranmia I I'lu.-;
Oxyodcs. 54 r».
Ozarba, 325, 327.

Pachylepis, J337.
Pacbyphilona, 44.

pacta (Catocalu), 441.
Padenia, 98.
Palaeopsis, 124.
1'alindiina1, 353.
palleago (Noctua). 171.
pallens (Bizone), 5(>.
pallens (Borsij)pa). 517.
pallens (Capnodes), 523.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

601

pallens (Lithosia), 85.
pallens (Macrobrochis)

66.
pallescens (Argyro-

thripa), 381.
pallescens (Oruza), 350.
pallescens (Pradatta),

179.
palliatrix (Penicillaria),

391.

pallida (Adisura), 173.
pallida (Diphthera), 295.
pallida (Hydrelia), 334.
pallida (Hypopyra), 554.
pallida (Lithosia), 83.
pallida (Miltochrista),

113.

pallida (Naranga), 306.
pallida (Nonagria), 286.
pallida (Setinochroa),

113.
paliidicosta (Leucania),

27(3.
pallidilinea (Ophiusa),

469.
pallidisca (Bryophila),

300.
pallidus (Tyinpanistes),

421.

pallula (Fodina), 530.
palmata (Miltochrista),

110.

Palpangula, 477,
palumba (Ophiusa), 496.
pamphosalis (Bocana),

375.

Panasaa, 91.

pancratii (Glottula), 167.
Pandesma, 465.
pandia (Hypopyra), 554.
Panglima, 43.
pangonia (Delgamma),

512.

Pangora, 19.
Panilla, 476.
pannosa (Alphaea), 23.
pannosa (Bleuina), 378.
pannosa (Ercheia), 451.
pannosa (Hadena), 205.
pannosa (Plusia), 573.
pannosa (Sypna), 451.
pansalis (Acantholipes),

524.

Paracrama, 134.
parallelina (Milto-
christa), 110.
Paraona, 71.
pardalina (Deiopeia), 3.
pardaria (Euplexia), 220.
parellaris (Noctua), 531.
partita (Euplexia), 222.

partita (Micra), 133.
parva (Collita), 81.
parva (Eublemma), 341.
parva (Notata), 102.
parvipennis (Sericia),

458.

parvipuncta (Secusio), 50.
parvula (Arctia ?), 17.
parvula (Thalpochares),

341.

pascua (Nola), 141.
Pasipeda, 493, 579.
patala (Catocala), 439.
patefacta (Plusia), 571.
paterna (Sesatuia), 284.
patna (Calesia), 579.
Patula, 458, 459.
paucifera (Oaradrina),

518.
paucinotata (Acronycta),

240.

pauperata (Hadena), 211.
pavo (Eamadasa), 357.
pavona (Eemigia), 525.
pectiuata (Oaradrina),

264.

pectinata (Euplexia), 222.
peguense (Deltapteruui),

138.

pellita (Eemigia), 526.
Pelochyta, 38.
peltigera (Heliothis),

175.
penetrata (Episparis),

543.

Penicillaria, 390, 393.
penicillata (Leucania),

270.

Perciana, 295.
percisa (Leucania), 274.
perdentata (Hadena),

198.
perdicipeunis (Catephia),

484.

peregrina (Cyana), 56.
perficiens (Hypgetra),

503.
perfidiosa (Eemigia),

470.
perfundens (Celaena),

251.
perhamata (Pleurona),

549.

Peridroma, 180, 183.
perigeoides (Heliothis),

175.

permissa (Plusia), 571-
perrnunda (Prodenia),

249.
peropaca (Hemero-

blemrna), 495.

perornata (Arctia), 16.
perornata (Oyana), 57.
persimilis (Bombycia)

206.

persimilis (Oatocala), 440.
persimilia (Hypopyra),

555.
persimilis (Mimeusemia),

159.
perspicillator (Phyllodes),

pertendens (Eemigia),

470.
peshwa (Mimeusemia),

159.

phaeosoma (Calesia), 580.
Phaiaenoides, 154.
Phalga, 408.
Phanaca, 419.
phantasma(Amphypyra),

192.
phasipennis (Phorica),

443.

Philagria, 71.
Phissaina, 29.
Phorica, 443.
Phycidimorpha, 287.
Phycidopsis, 288.
phycisoides (G-yrtona),

405.

PhyUodes, 557.
Phyllophila, 316.
Piada, 389.

picata (Hyelopsis), 305.
picta(Callyna?), 357.
picta (Oaradrina), 263.
picta (Polia), 249.
picta (Tatargina), 54.
pictimargo (Pterocyclo-

phora), 455.
Pilosocrures, 443.
Pimprana, 155.
Pindara, 493.
Pisara, 144.
Pitacota, 465.
Pitane, 105.
Pitasila, 46.
Pitrasa, 398.
placens (Dinumma), 355.
placida (Agrotis), 208.
placida (Plusia), 574.
placida (Eadinacra), 261.
placodoides (Oallopis-

tria), 256.

plagiata (Arcilasia), 282.
plagiata (Oallimorpha),

36.

plagiata (Caradrina), 267.
plagiata (Othora), 369.
plagiata (Teulisna), 86.
plagifera (Agrotis), 282.

602

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

plagifera (Nyctemera),

47.

plana (Ophideres), 563.
plana (Sypna), 450.
Plataplecta, 240.
Platyja, 539.
plebeia (Xanthoptera),

319.

Plecoptera, 518.
plecta (Agrotis), 183.
Pleurona, 549, 550.
Plotheia, 368.
plumbata (Hyelopsis),

305.
plui i ibei fascia (Gyrtona),

405.
plumbeola (Euplexia),

plumbeomicans (Prab-

hasa), 77.
pluinicornis (Hypocala),

453.
plumipars (Acantho-

lipea), .V_M.
pluruipes (Hoinoptera),

474.

Plusia, 567, 568.
Plusiodes, 358.
Plusiodonta, 577.
plusioidea (Eutelia), 391.
poeusaria (Angerona),

555.
poleniusa (Leucania),

280.

Polia, 231.
poliostigtua (Hadena),

201 .
polychroma (Achaea),

451.

Polychrysia, 567, 576.
Polydesma, 465, 468.
polygramma (Eublem-

ma), 339.

polygrapha (Arete), 487.
polymesata (Lycimna),

550.
polyodon (Auchruia),

283.
polyspila (Baniana),

514.
polyspilalis (Gabala),

136.

Polytela, 168.
pomona (Phalaena), 560.
Porphyrinia, 338.
postflavida (Ocnogyna),

18.
postfusca (Caradrina),

263.
postfusca (Gnophria),

postica (Calophasia), 311.
postica (Hadena), L'l -.
postica (Setinochroa),

113.
postmaculata (Fodina),

530.
postnigra (Miltochrista),

118.
postochrea (Bryophila),

298.

Fotamophora, 537.
prabana (Lithosia), 81.
Prabhasa, 76.
Pradatta, 17<'>.
Pradiota, 543.
pnecedens (Polydesma),

4<>9.

praetexta (Eurhipia), 391.
prasena (Macrobrochis),

<;.;.

prasinana (Halias), 132.
prasinaria (Diphtbera),

294.
precedens (Cosmophila),

411.

pretiosa (Barsine), 118.
primosa (Nyctipao), 461.
principalis (Callimor-

pha), ,'i5.

priBCJi (Acrapex), 286.
privata (Gonitis), 409.
procellosa (Laeera), 491.
Prodenia, LM7.
proleuca (Leucania), 281.
prolifica (Cattjcala i. HI.
prominens (Leucania),

279.
prominens (Miltochrista),

109.

prominens (Risoba). .'.H'.).
pronuba (Agrotis), 190.
pronuba, far. hoegei

(Triphaena), 190.
properans (Ophitisa),

500.

properata (Ophiusa), 500.
propinqua (Gonitis), 409.
propitia (Hamodes), 547.
proscripta (Leucania),

284.

Prospalta, 207.
protuberans (Teulisna),

87.

provocans (Calpe), 565.
proxima (Caradrina),

260.

proxima (Eusemia), 149.
proximalis (Gyrtona),

404.
pruinosa (Acronycta),

242.

prunicolor (Minucia),
«7.

prunifera (Cacyparis),
127.

prunosa (Sypna), 449.
Pseudacidalia, 351.
Pseudathyrma, 507, 509.
Pseudelydna, 420.
Pseudepunda, 240.
Pseudoblabes, (.»7.
Pseudocalpe, oC»<».
Pseudogonitis, 412.
Pseudophia, 480.
Pterocu-loplioiM. 1.". }.
Pterogonia, 3C>2, 363.
Ptyonota, 4'_'t_.
Ptyopterota, 75.
pudens (Spiramn). ">.'>.".
puella (Bizone), ;">('».
puella (Cyana), 57.
puer (Cyan.M
puera (Hybl.ta), .'17 1.
pulchella (Ariolica), l:;o.
pulchella (Deiopia).
pulcherrima (Euplexia),

L'i'.l.
pucherrima (Micardia),

309.
pulrlira (Eublemina).

339.

j)iilcbra (Kusemia), l.r»n.
pulchra (LiMic.mia). 2()'.».
pulchra (Miltochrista),

118.

pulchra (Noctua), 55.
jmlclira (Sy]»n:i ), 44U.
pulchripicta (Diphthera),

293.
pulla (Metachrostis),

331.

pullata(Cuculia). 2:i9.
inilv.-rosa (lleliothis),

174.
pulverulenta (Pradatta),

179.
punctana (Narasodes),

95.
punctata (Clettharra),

386.

punctata (Nudaria), 124.
punctata (Setina?), 115.
punctatum (Spilosoma),

4.

punctella (Cydosia), 148.
punctifascia (Barsine),

119.

punctifera (Lithosia), 83.
punctigera (Metachros-
tis), 329.

punctilinea (Icambosida),
11.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

603

punctilinea (Setina), 112.
punctilinealis (Cbusaris),

346.
punctilineata (Borsippa),

517.
punctilineata (Kerala),

62.
punctiplaga (Ancara),

223.
punctistigma(Neothripa),

382.
punctistriga (Spilosoma),

28.

punctosa (Sypna), 447.
punicea (Miltocbrista),

117.

pura (Marimatba), 338.
Purbia, 559.
purissiina (Plusia), 574.
purpurascens (Tatho-

delta), 336.

purpurea (Carea), 423.
purpureofasciata (Callo-

pistria), 253.
purpureofusa (Plusia),

570.
purpurites (Pyrrbia),

172.

pusilla (Gyrtona), 405.
pustulifera (Tyana),

131.

putris (Agrotis), 186.
pylotis (Bombyx), 51.
pyralifonnis (Oruza),

348.

pyralina (Iluza), 536.
pyrochroma (Bagada),

319.

pyropia (Plusia), 572.
Pyrrhia, 172.

quadra (CEonistis), 73.
quadrapex (Eublernma),

343.

Quadrifinse, 428.
quadrilineata (Borsippa),

516.
quadrilineata (Poapbila),

520.
quadrilineata (Thalpo-

chares), 343.
quadrimaculata (Cballa),

6.
quadrimaculatus (Tino-

lius), 579.
quadrinotata (Bizone),

56.
quadrinotata (Miresa),

327.
quadripartita (Hyela),

308.

quadripennis (Chandica),

127.
quad rip la ga (Mitbuna),

86.
quaclripunctata (Cara-

drina), 260.
quadriramosa (Alphsea),

quadrisigna (Agrotis),

208.
quadrisignata (Lithosia),

83.
quadristrigata (Steiria),

400.
quaclrivittata (Naranga),

333.

queesita (Kemigia), 519.
quenavadi (Polydesma),

466.

quieta (Erastria), 253.
quinaria (Blenina), 379.
quinaria (Metacbrostis),

326.
quinquefascia (JEmene),

92.
quinquelinealis(Hypena),

339.
quintana (Acontia), 318.

rabclota (Plotbeia), 371.
Kabila, 169.

radians (Apsarasa), 290.
radians (Miltochrista),

116.

radiata (Masalia), 178.
Radinacra, 259, 265.
Ragbuva, 180.
Eajendra, 20.
rama (Catocala), 439.
Ranmdasa, 357.
Ranaja, 421.
ravida (Agrotis), 187.
reclusa (Caradrina), 264.
rectifascia (Metacbrostis),

328.

rectilinea (Sypna), 449.
rectilineata (Xanthia),

171.

rectistria (Calpe), 565.
rectivitta (Polydesma),

469.
rectomarginata (Para-

crama), 134.
recurrens (Ingura), 389.
recurvata (Callopistria),

257.

reducens (Agonista), 464.
reducens, var. E-antiqua

(Lygniodes), 464.
reflectifascia (Erygia),

445.

reflexa (Plecoptera), 519.
regalis (Trigonodes), 528.
regularis (Acantholipes),

520.
regularis (Nyctemera),

47.
regulatus (Micraescbus),

353.
relinquenda (Polydesma),

473.
reliquenda (Oromena),

473.

remelana (Sidytna), 68.
Remigia, 525, 527.
remigioides (Hypaetra?),

508.

remota (Spirama), 553.
removens (Gincea), 539.
renalba (Hypernaenia),

195.

renalis (Agrotis), 187.
renalis (Caradrina), 265.
renalis (Hyelopsis), 305.
reualis (Ilattia), 251.
renalis (Lugana), 257.
renalis (Ochropleura),

188.

renalis (Rivula), 335.
renisigna (Sypna), 450.
renosa (Anereutbina),

509.

repetita (Hadena), 202.
replenens (Beregra), 488.
repleta (Callopistria),

255.

repleta (Eutelia), 391.
replicans (Ancara), 223.
replicata (Sypna), 450.
repugnans (Risoba), 398.
repulsa (Agrotis), 181.
resistans (Plecoptera),

519.
respersa (Eublemma),

338.

restituta (Cosmia), 321.
restorans (Hypopyra),

463.

reticulata (Litbosia), 82.
reticulata (Plusia), 575.
reticulata (Zagira),

346.

retina (Neuria), 247.
retorta (Spirarna), 553.
retrabens (Eurois), 227.
retrahens (Speiredonia),

458.
revayana (Sarrothripa),

387.

reversa (Achasa), 494.
reversa (Leucania), 278.
reversa (Poapbila), 519.

604

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

revocans (Gonitis), 409.
Ehangana, 122.
rhodina (Miltochrista),

117.

Ehodogastria, 26, 27.
rhodopa (Amerila), 38.
rhodophila (Dabarita),

423.
rhodophila (Thyrgorina),

Khoptrotrichia, 253, 257.
Ehyrichopalpus, 142.
Ehytia, 558, 562.
ricini (Arctia), 17.
rigidistria (Ophiusa),

496.

Eisoba, 398.
Eivula, 334.

rivula (Eublemma), 341.
rivularis (Callopistria),

255.

rivularis (Erebus), 461.
rivulosa (Thermesia),

536.
robusta (Argyrothripa),

381.

robusta (Nonagria), 285.
Eceselia, 138.
rogationis (Plusia), 569.
rosacea (Masalia), 178.
rosacea (Spirainia), 553.
rosea (Lyclene), 112.
rosea (Phycidimorpha),

287.
roseana (Arsiloncha),

179.
roseana (Eublemma),

340.

roseata (Castabalu), 53.
roseiceps (Calesia), 580.
roseifascia (Anthophila),

342.
roseigera (Phyllodes),

roseitellum(Callopistria),

253.

roseivena (Eugoa), 99.
rosellus (Micraaschus),

352.
roseororatus (Amrnatho),

117.
roseus (Micra'schus),

353.

rosita (Eublemma), 340.
rostrata (Hyblsea), 453.
rutundata (Pitanej, 91.
rotundipennis (Nishada),

88.

rubelliana (Pangora), 19.
ruber (Arboricornus),

258.

rubeacens (Spilosoma), 7.
rubicilia (Graphiphora),

185.
rubicundula (Appha-

dana), 523.

rubida (Bouibycia), 207.
rubidorsa (Spilosoma),

15.
rubidorsalis (Tympanis-

tes), 421.

rubilinea (Spilosoma), 8.
rubitinctum (iSpilosoma),

rubra (Ancara), 225.
rubra (Corgatha), 347.
rubrescens (Heliothis),

174.
rubricans (Thermesia),

534.
rubricollis (Qnophria),

69.
rubricosa (Miltochrista),

111.
rubricosta (Creatonotus),

29.

rubrifascia (Sypna), 449.
rubrimargo (Ittopteruiii),

104.

rudis (Aletia), 277.
rudivitta (Egelesta),

369.
rul'escens (Caradrina),

263.
rufescens (Leucania),

270.

rufescens (Pisara), 145.
rufibasis (Sympis), 513.
rufifrons (Qnophria), 70.
rufiua (Clina), 40(i.
rufipalpis (Calesia), 580.
rufipennis (Leucauia),

276.
rufistrigosa (Leucania),

270.
rufoflava (Pseudelydna),

420.

rufula (Leucania), 278.
ruf'ula (Lugana), 257.
ruma (Cossa), 83.
rupicola (Noctua), 310.
ruptifascia (Hyela), 308.
ruptifascia(Miltochrista),

114.

ruptifascia (Oruza), 349.
ruptistriga (Hadena),

182.

Eusicada, 408.
rusticula (Apphadana),

523.

rutilago (Noctua), 172.
rutilus (Adris), 562.

sabulifera (Cosmophila),

409.
sabulosa (Caradrina),

481.
saccharivora (Leucania),

275.

Sadarsa, 404.
saga (Noctua), 371.
sagittifera (yfimene), 93.
sagittifera (Spilarctia), 9.
salaininia (Ophideres),

559.
salebrosa (Anisoneura),

457.
sangaicum (Spilosoma),

3.

sangarida (Curoba), 52.
8anguinali8(Spilo8oina),9.
sanguinea (Topadesa),

i::7.
languinolenta (Bombyx),

'27.
suii,aiinolenta(Chariclea),

17.-.
sanguinolenta (Siglo-

phora), 135.
sara(Aloa), 27.
sarawaca (Lithosia), 79.
Sarrothripa, 387.
Sarrothripinae, 305.
Sasunaga, 226.
satellitia (Calesia), 580.
saturalis (Labanda), .'{75.
sat u rat a (Paracrama),

135.

saturatalis (Arsacia). 567.
saturnioides (Hulodes),

463.
saundersi (Calpenia), 33,

34.

Savara, 26.
scabriuscula(Dipterygia),

235.

scanda (Acontia), 314.
Scaptesyle, 104.
sceptica (Clettharra),

385.

Schistophleps, 124.
schlegelii (Ischyja), 538.
scissuralis (Arthisma),

413, 414.
scotochlora (Hadena),

203.

scripta (Barsine), 117.
scripta (Selca), 146.
scriptilis (Polydesma),

468.
scrobiculata (Oxyodes),

546.

scutigera (Noctua), 175.
scutosa (Heliothis), 175.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX,

605

sectinotis (Eusemia), 152,
securifera (Erastria),

334.

Secusio, 50.
segetis (Agrotis), 181.
segeturn (Noctua), 260.
sejuncta (Borsippa), 518.
sejunctata (Pradiota),

543.

Selca, 146.

selecta (Nyctemera), 49.
selenampha (Amyna),

250.

Selepa, 368.
semialba (Metacbrostis),

332.

semialba (Minica), 401.
semifascia (Euplexia),

212.
semifascia, var. meta-

meias (Lyclene), 109.
semifascia (Miltochrista),

109.
semifascia (Trichogyia),

103.

seniifusca (Katha ?), 85.
semiherbida (Epilecta),

193.
semilinea (Phyllodes),

557.
semilugens (Baniana),

513.

semilux (Selenis), 345.
Semiophora, 205.
semipars (Labanda), 375.
semirufa (Pisara), 146.
semiusta (Leucaiiia), 274.
semivitta (Callyna), 356.
semivitta (Plusia), 574.
senica (Arete), 487.
senna (Hyela), 334.
separans (Opbiodes), 503.
separata (Eurois), 228.
separata (Leucania),275.
separata (Metachrostis),

331.

serena (Plusia), 568.
Seria, 257.

sericea (Leocyma), 289.
sericea (Trisuloides), 436.
sericealiis (Rivula), 334.
sericeata (Oxygonitis),

415.
sericeipennis (Gnopbria),

69.

Sericia, 457.
Serrodes, 510.
serva (Cekena), 211.
serva (Lithosia), 80.
serva (Ophiusa), 495.
Sesapa, 107.

Setinocbroa, 107.
Seudyra, 155.
sexpuncta (Miltocbrista),

113.

shiva (Hypopyra), 554.
siderea (Callyna), 356.
siderifera (Hadena), 208.
Sidyma, 67.
Siglopbora, 135.
signa (Cyana), 58.
sign a, var. walkeri

(Bizone), 58.
signata (Episparis), 543.
signata (Nepita), 106.
siguata (Othora), 369.
signata (Plusia), 568.
signifera (Acontia), 314.
sign if era (Hyelopsis),

304.

signifera (Steiria), 401.
significans (Baniana),

513.

significans (Plusia), 570.
signipalpis (Thermesia),

537.

signivitta (Acbasa), 451.
sikkima (Agrotis), 183.
sikkima (Apamea), 205.
sikkima (Dipterygia ?),

236.

sikkima (Koeselia), 140.
sikkimensis (Aucbmis),

283.

sikkimensis (Cyana), 59.
sikkimensis (Polia), 232.
sikkitnensis (Thyrgorina),

14.
silhetensis (Eusemia),

150.

siliquana (Earias), 133.
Simareea, 90.
similata (Pandesma), 467.
similis (Acantbolipes),

521.

sirailis (Adisura), 177.
similis (Calliinorpba),

35.

similis (Karana), 217.
simillima (Earias), 133. "
simillima (Hadena), 201.
simillima (Opbiusa), 500.
simplex (Creatonotus),

29.

simplex (Eusemia), 152.
simplex (Eutelia), 394.
simplex (Poaphila), 519.
simplicior (Spiramia),

553.
simplifascia (Lyclene),

119.
siinulata (Eurois), 228.

simulatrix (Diremma),

409.

sincera (Caradrina), 261.
sinens (Acronycta), 241.
sinens (Tbalatba), 241.
sinica (Lyclene), 111.
Sinna, 128.
sinuata (JStnene), 92.
sinuata (Cbariclea), 178.
sinuata (Cymatopho-

ropsis), 397.
sinuata (Euplexia), 217.
sinuata (Hermonassa),

197.

sinuata (Noctua). 499.
sinuata (Polia), 234.
sinuosa (Cosmopbila),

410.

sinuosa (Leucania), 273.
sinuosa (Sarrotbripa),

387.

sipahi (Alpbaea), 24.
sipyla (Spbingomorpha),

490.
smaragdinana (Earias),

133.

sobria (Arcilasisa), 282.
sobria (Ericeia), 470.
socrus (Noctua), 192.
sodalis (Euplexia), 210.
Solaris (Noctua), 310.
solita (Homoptera), 475.
solita (Miltocbrista), 112.
soluta (Polia), 242.
Sopbaga, 176.
sora (Episparis), 544.
sordida (JSmene), 92.
sordida (Falana), 414.
sordida (Hypsetra), 469.
sordida (Teulisna), 75.
sordida (Thyrgorina),

Sorocostia, 139.
Spaelotis, 180.
spargens (Hadena), 211.
sparsa (Syrnia), 458.
sparsigutta(Cycnia), 147.
spectabilis (Agrotis), 282.
spectrum (Ampbipyra),

192.

speculatrix (Tyana), 131.
speiplena (Aphusia), 133.
Speiredonia, 457.
Spersara, 389.
Sphetta, 166.
Sphingomorpba, 490.
spieea (Xantboptera),

319.

spiculifera (Agrotis), 182.
Spilarctia, 3.
Spilosonia, 3.

606

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

spilosomata (Thyr-

gorina), 12.
spilosomoides (Deiopeia),

3.
spilosomoides (Milto-

christa), 113.
spilota (Hermonassa),

197.

spinula (Bombyx), 182.
spiralis (Noctua), 553.
Spirama, 552, 553.
Spiredonia, 457.
spissa (Polydesma), 469.
splendens (Canna), 294.
splendens (Paraona), 71.
Spodoptera, 248.
spoliata (Alain is), 250.
spoliata (Plusia), 575.
sponsalis (Catocala), 442.
spurcata (Gadirtha), 369.
squalida (Lapbygma),

249.
squarnicornis (Entomo-

gramnia), 533.
squamiplena (Calicula),

445.

Steiria, 400.
stellata (Amyna), 251.
stellata (Capnodes), 523.
stellata (Graphiphora),

265.

stellata (Prospalta), 211.
stellifera (Euplexia), 216.
stevensii (Polia), 203.
Stictoptera, 400.
Stictopterinse, 396.
stigmata (Chasmina),

289.

stigmata (Hypaetra), 509.
stigmata (Spilosoma), 5.
stigmatophora (Cuculia),

239.
stigmatula (Erastria),

251.
stigmoleuca (Calesia),

580.

stilbioides (Adrepsa), 64.
stola (Fodina), 530.
stoliczkse (Euplexia), 214.
stolida (Grammodes),532.
stramen (Leucania), 272.
strameu (Xanthodes),

322.
straminea (Doranaga),

362.
straminea (Miltochrista).

108.

straminea (Noctua), 175.
strenualis (Gyrtona), 405.
striata (Litbosia), 118.
striata (Stictoptera), 402.

striatovirens (Euplexia),
213.

striatovirens (Poly-
desma), 472.

striatura (Pterogouia),
363.

stricta (Poaphila), 251.

strigata (Gnophria), 74.

strigata (Phalama), 560.

strigata (Secusio), 50.

strigatulum (Spilosoma),

strigicosta (Cingalesa),

337.

strigidisca(Apamea), 210.
strigifera (Magusa), 226.
strigifera (Plotheia), 370.
strigilineata (Callop-

istria), 254.
strigipennis (Melipotis),

452.
strigipennis (Milto-

cbrista), 111.
strigipennis (Nyctipao),

460.

strigivena (Selca), 147.
strigivenata (Eugoa), 99.
strigivenata (Milto-
christa), 107.
stuposa (Noctua), 500.
stygia (Erastria), 301.
subapicalis (Ingura), 389.
subeervina(Miltochrista),

114.
subchalvbaea (Plusia),

575. "

subcinerea (JEmene), 92.
subcostalis (Tbermesia),

534.

subcurva (Euplexia), 212.
subdolens (Cerastis), 184.
subf'ascia (Spilosoma), 4.
subfasciata (Othora),

405.

subfasciata (Steiria), 400.
subfixa (Acontia), 304.
subflavalis (Marimatha),

324.

subglauca (Othora) 369.
subjecta (Echlida), 12.
sublimis (Polydesma),

466.
submarginalis (Agrotis),

249.
submarginalis(Nonagria),

285.
submarginata (Tavia),

447.
submemorans (Focilla),

544.
submira (Ophiusa), 497.

subrauscosa (Bariana),

375.

subnitens (Leucania), 270.
subobliqua (Steiria), 401.
subornata (Cyana), 58.
Subrita, 387.
subsatura (Hypocala),

453.
subsatura, var. limbata

(Hypocala), 453.
subsequa (Triphajna),

190.
subsignata (Leucania),

272.

substruens (Tavia), 458.
subterminalis (Prodenia),

247.

subtilis (Carea), 4i)'_).
subtracta (Amyna), 250.
subunita (Sympis), 539.
succinea (Heliothis), 174.
suffumosa (Spirama),

553.

suffundens (Barsine), 60.
suffusa (Mamestra), 230.
suffusa (Miltocbrista),

111.

suffusa (Noctua). 182.
suffusa (Nudaria), 123.
suffusa (Spilosoma), 7.
sulphuralis (Tarache),

315.

sulphuraria(Earias), 134.
Bulphurea (Noctua), 315.
superba (Ariolica), 129.
superba (VVestermannia),

359.

supplex (Perigea), 251.
Surina, 43.

surnia (Amphipyra), 191.
suttadra (Arctia), 16.
Swinhoea, 324.
swinhoei (Tarache), 312.
Sydiva, 223, 224.
Symitha, 387.
Sympis, 512.
Sypna, 446.
syringa (Argiua), 51.
Systropha, 79.

Tffiniocampa, 205.
Talariga, 465.
Tambana, 436.
tangala (Leucania), 280.
tapestrina (Catocala),

440.

taprobana (Arete), 487.
taprobanse (Hadena),

taprobanis (Mmene),
92.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

607

Tarache, 310.
Taramina, 532, 533.
taraxaci (Caradrina),

2^9

Targalla, 390, 391.
Tarika, 79.
Tatargina, 54.
Tathodelta, 336.
Tathorhynchus, 268.
tecta (Chytoriza), 251.
Tegulata, 86.
tegulata (Hyela), 308.
Teinopyga, 128.
tenebrifera (Leucania),

275.

tenebrosa ( J^mene), 93.
tenebrosa (Ercheia), 451.
tenebrosa (Magusa), 226.
tenebrosa (Sypna), 447.
tentans (Oraesia), 564.
tenuis (Agrotis), 184.
tennis (Sadarsa), 404.
tenuisigna (Teulisna),

75.

terrainalis (Lithosia), 85.
terminata (Lyclene), 111.
terminigera (Polydestna),

473.

terracotta (Masalia), 178.
terranea (Mamestra),208.
tesselata (A.thyrma), 514.
tessellata (Miltochrista),

116.
testaceoides (Prodenia),

247.
testaceus (Tympanistes),

421.

tetragona (Plusia), 574.
tetragona (Thysanoptyx),

75.
tetraspila (Polydesma),

471.
tetraspila (Trigonodes),

529.

Teulisna, 86.
Thalatha, 240.
Thalatta, 408, 411.
thalpophiloides ( Ancara),

225.

Thermesia, 533.
thoracia (Gyrtona), 405.
thoracica (Leucania), 275.
thoraeica (Polydesma),

472.
thoracica (Radinacra),

264.
tliricophora (Catephia),

483.

Thumatha, 122.
thwaitesi (Caradrina),

262.

Thyas, 493.
Thyrgorina, 11.
Thysanoptyx, 74.
thyter (Deiopeia), 55.
tibetica (Arctia ?), 17.
tibialis (Leocyina), 288.
tigilla (Alamis), 475.
tigrina (Alphsea), 22.
tigrina (Noctua), 494.
tigrinus (Leucopardus),

31.

tincta (Dysgonia), 511.
Tinolius, 578.
Tinosoma, 426.
Tiracola, 282.
Tiridata, 408.
tirrhaca (Ophiusa), 503.
titania (Noctua), 310.
Tochara, 533.
todarum (Spilosoma), 7.
Topadesa, 137.
torpida (Ossonoba), 413.
torrida (Ophiusa), 500.
torsilinea (Platyja), 540.
Tortriciforma, 425.
tortricoides (Clettharra),

385.
tortricoides (Lithosia),

84.
tortum(Entomogramtna),

533.
tortuosalis (Episparis),

543.

tosta (Masalia), 178.
Toxocampa, 245.
Toxoloma, 138.
Toxophieps, 306.
trabealis (Pyralis), 315.
Trachaea, 207.
tragopogonis (Amphi-

pyra), 190.

trajecta (Ophisraa), 539.
trajectus (Acantholipes),

521.
trajiciens (Stictoptera),

402.

transducta (Agrotis), 249.
transducta (Thermesia),

534.

transfixa (Abrostola), 575.
transiens (Phissarna),

29.

transiens (Zalissa), 155.
translata (Remigia), 527.
translucens (Heliothis),

176.
transversa (Acontia),

323.

transversa (Arctia), 18.
transversa (Caradrina),

262.

transversa (Chlumetia),

376.

transversa (Cosroia), 321.
transversa (Metachrostis),

329.
transversa (Padenia),

98.

transversa (Polia), 232.
trapezata (Nagaseua),

360.
trapezium (Ophiusa),

504.

traversii (Catocala), 494.
Triaena, 240.
triangularis (Agrotis),

189.
triangularis (Clettharra),

386.
triangularis (Noctua),

500.
triangularis (Wester-

mannia), 359.
triangularis (Xantho-

ptera), 317-
triangulata (Ophiusa),

501.
triangulata (Remigia),

triangulifera (Ariolica),

129.

Tribunta, 139.
Trichogyia, 103.
Tricholepis, 120.
trichopteroides (Charna-

ita), 125.
tricolor (Scaptesyle),

104.

tricycla (Perigea), 319.
trifasciata (Acantholipes)

521.
trifasciata (Eublemma),

343.

trifasciata (Padenia), 99.
trifasciatus (Acantho-
lipes), 523.
Trifinse, 162.
trifolii (Hadena), 198.
trifolii (Leucania), 275.
trigona (Metachrostis),

332.
trigonalis (Neumenes),

25.

Trigonia, 544.
trigonifera (Hypagtra),

507.

Trigonodes, 527.
trignttata (Bizone), 59.
trilatalis (Toxophieps),

307.

trilineata (Cosmophila),
409.

608

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

trilineata (Bivula), 335.
triloba (Spirama), 553.
trimacula (Miltochrista),

120.

Triorbis, 366.
tripartita (j5Cgocera),

158.

tripartite (Alphaea), 24.
tripartita (Barsine), 148.
Triphama, 180.
triphaenoides (Ophiusa),

505.

Triphaenopsis, 207.
triplasia (Abrostola),

577.
tripu nctaria(Nyctemera),

47.

Tripura, 65, 66.
triradiata (Acontia), 310.
Trischalis, 101.
triseriata (Axylia), 186.
Trisophaes, 558.
tristigma (Noctua), 188.
tristrigosa (Earias), 133.
Trisula, 437.
Trisuloides, 436.
triturate (Caradrina),

181,249.

trivittata (Barsine), 117.
Troctoptera, 344.
Tropacme, 101.
tropica (Tarache), 314.
truncate (Capotena), 419.
truncata (Nyctipao), 460.
Trypheromera, 46.
tumida (Teulisna), 86.
tumidilinea (Ophiusa),

498.

tumulifera (Nola), 141.
turbate (Polydesma),

466.

turpis (Berresa), 252.
Tyana, 130.
Tycracona, 240.
Tympanistes, 420.
tyrannus (Ophideres),

562.

tyrianthina (Eusemia),
150.

uberosa (Metachrostis),

330.

ulula (Noctua), 459.
umbra (Pyrrhia), 172.
umbrago (Noctua), 172.
umbricola (Polydesma),

468.
umbrifera (Dipterygia),

236.
umbrina (Homoptera),

474.

umbrina (Hyelopsis),306.
umbrina (lontha), 541.
umbrosa (Hulodes), 470.
utnbrosa (Ophiusa), 502.
umbrosa (Sypna), 447.
ummera (Spilosoraa), 6.
umminea (Platyja), 539.
uncta (Chariclea). 179.
uncula (Hyela), 307.
undara (Anophia), 300.
undicilia (Apainea), 199.
undulans (Agrotis), 183.
undulata (Metachrostis),

327.
undulata (Pseud acidalia),

351.

undulifera (Amyna), 251.
unduligera (Metacbros-

tiA 328.
undulosa (Miltochrista),

108.

unieuba (Catncala), 442.
unifascia (Thyrgorina),

13.
uniformis (Caradrina),

261.

uniformis (Ercheia), 452.
uniformis (Leucania),

280.
uniformis (Lophoneura),

78.
uniforniis (Poaphila),

610.

uniformis (Spilarctia\ 4.
uniformis (Tricholepis),

121.

unilinea (Ham odes), 548.
unilinea (Lyncestis), 479.
uninotata ('Earias), 134.
uniplaga (Teulisna), 88.
unipuncta (Leucania),

275.
unistrigata (Spirama),

555.

unxia (Noctua), 371.
upsilon (Tarache), 311.
Uraba, 138.
usta (Erygia), 445.
ustipennis (Micraeschus),

353.

ustulata (Phyllodes), 557.
Utetheisa, 54.
Utriculifera, 94.

vacillans (Amphissa), 29.
vacillans (Selenis), 345.
vagabunda (Pseudocalpe),

567.

vagesa (Lithosia), 85.
v-album (Leucania), 273.
valida (Clettharra), 384.

valida (Graph iphora),

187.
valid ula (Hypogramina\

475.

Yamuna, (\7.
vana (Leuoania), 271.
Vapara, 259, 268, 465.
varana (Lithosia). 79.
varia (Alphsea), 13.
variAWlU (Steiria), 401.
varialis (Episparis). f>4."..
variana (Caradrina). 2C>6.
varians (Briarda), 410.
varians (Dinumma). "~>'i.
varians (Miltoehrista),

115.

varians (Nyctemera), 48.
variegata (Blenina), 378.
varipgata (Clettharra),

88C
variegata (Pilosocrures),

444.

variegata ("Risobn), 399.
variegate (Tris-ila), 438.
variegate (Trisuloides),

436.

variolosa (Cimrdia\ 411.
variolosa (Nyctemera),

49.

varipes (Carea). 42-1!.
v-brunneum(Conservrla),

247.

vegete (Swin'^oeaX 325.
velans (Aucha), 194.
velate (Othora), 369.
velox (Metachrostis). 325.
venalba (Leucania), 279.
venalis (Ophiusa), 499.
venata (Metachrostis),

330.

venosa ( Caradrina), 259.
venosa (Euplexia), 220.
venosa (Prabhasa), 76.
venosa (Thyrgorina), 13.
venosa (Z-ilissa). 156.
venulia (JEgocera), 158.
venus(Callimorpha). 148.
venusta (Deiopia), 55.
venustula (Prodenia),

249.
veprecola (Xanthoptera),

319.

verbasci (Cuculia), 238.
verticillata (Plusia), 569.
vespertilio (Spirama),

554.

vesta (Noctua), 503.
vestalis (Catocala), 4'tO.
vetula (Eusemia), 154.
vetusta (Polydesma), 467.
vetustalis (Docela), 520.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

609

vialis (Hyelopsis), 304.
vialis (Risoba), 398.
viaria (Graphiphora),

182.
vicaria (Ochropleura),

183.

vicise (Toxocampa), 246.
victrix (Eusemia), 150.
vidua (Pelochyta), 38.
yigens (Diphthera), 294.
vilis (Gnamptonyx), 480.
villica (Arctia), 15.
yiminalis (Bombycia),

206.

viminalis (Raphia), 206.
vinctale (Tathorhynchus),

268.

vinosa (Homoptera), 476.
violacea (Hypernaenia),

196.

violacea (Hypocala), 454.
virbia (Phalaena), 526.
virens (Eurois), 231.
virescens (Bryophila),

297.

virescens (Polia), 234.
virginea (Eublemma),

339.

viriata (Apamea), 199.
viridalis (Bocana), 375.

viridata (Ohrysorabdia),
74.

viridinotata (Perciana),

296.
viridipuncta (Tortricifor-

ma), 425.

vitea (Olettharra), 385.
vitellina (Pitrasa), 399.
vittata (Alphsea), 22.
vittata (Leucania), 271.
vivida (Homodes), 364.
vulcania (Eusemia), 150.
vulneratus (Pentacitro-

tus), 148.

vulpina (Gonitis), 409.
vulpina (Graphiphora),

185.
vulpina (Noctua), 495.

walkeri (Patula), 459.
Westermamiia, 358.
westermannii (Plusiodes),
359.

Xanthia, 170.
xanthindyma (Cosmophi-

la), 411.
xanthochroa (Gonitis),

409.
Xanthocraspeda, 121.

Xanthodes, 322.
Xanthoptera, 316.
xanthoptera (Anereuthi-

na), 510.
xanthoptera (Marima-

tha), 324.
xanthosticta (Argyro-

thripa), 381.
xylinata (Lophoptera),

402.

yendola (Alamis), 474.
yerburii (Oallopistria),

255.
ypsilon (Agrotis), 182.

Zadadra, 76, 77.

Zagira, 344.

Zalissa, 155.

zamis (Phalsena), 458.

Zarima, 481, 484.

zebrina (Miltochrista),

116.

zerah (Phalaena), 17.
zingha (Tinolius), 579.
Zitna, 347.

zonalis (Oorgatha), 347.
Zonosoraa, 46.
zura (Ercheia), 452.
zygia (Ercheia), 452.

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