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MUS
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

LIBRARY

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

Bequest of
WILLIAM BREWSTER

J'WUAyi

OAU, 17, I'^JiO

FFB 1/ 1920

VOL. IV. 1897-8.

THE MUSEUM

A MONTHLY SCIENCE JOURNAL.

Rates, 50 cents a vear to all Countries.

Published the Fifteenth of each month by the Museum Publishing Co. Albion, N. Y.

TH£ MUSEUM.

I

Contents of Vol. 4, 1898.

Among the Alaska Si wash Indians 25

American Ginseng 136

About Shells 138

American Widgeon 189

Birds Collected at Alta Mira, Mexico, List
of 188

Brief History of the Gathering of Fresh
Water Pearls in the United States,150, 183

Birds of Alaska 119

Bumble Bees and Fox-gloves 70

California Geysers 41

Clytus flexuosus and speciosus 142

Collecting and Preparing Ferns for the

Herbarium 147

Cincidella Beetles 158

Dr. James Hall 158

Death of Samuel A. Miller . 53

Damon's Mound, A Louely Mound in
Southern Texas and Some of Its Pe-
culiarities 31

Exploring Coral Reefs 184

Feathered Friends of My Door Yard and
Garden 163

Grand Teton Ascended 185

Galapagos Islands 102

Geology 91

Hints About Killing Lepidoptera 10

Hummingbird, The 190

Indiana Notes 23

Jumping Boans 125

Klickitat Indian Dice 94

Late Baron Sir Ferdinand von Mueller,

Government Botanist of Victoria 149

Lafayette's Museum Burned 43

Mitchel's Cave 35

Migration of Birds at Seguin Light House,

Me 67

Mollusca of Monroe Co , N . Y 182

My Turtles 154

Mice and Moles of Mahoning Co., Ohio . . .156
Mourning Dove 168

Notes 24, 72, 90, 135, 150, 169

Notes on the Snowy Owl in Captivity 131

Notes on the Ground Squirrels of Wyom-
ing and How They Are Destroyed ... 123
Notes on the Taking of the Egg of the

California Condor 103

Notes from Florida 83

Nebraska Academy of Sciences 27

Ohio State Academy of Science 39

Prothonotary Warbler 38

Pileated Woodpecker in Ohio 92

Pleasures of Entomology and Some Sug-
gestions to Beginners 166, 179

Pleasure Trip to the Atlantic Coast 181

Reminiscences 85

Reminiscences of a Naturalist 88

Somo North American Mammals 1

Study in Archaeology 51

Science in the Country School 56

Sea Pansies 75

Sea Anemones of the Atlantic Coast 99-115

Sea Horses 104

Some Notes on the Otways, Victoria,

Australia 117

Spider aLd Pitcher Plants 169

Snake and Rabbit 187

Two Rareties 134

Two New Zealand Parrots 19

Umbrella Ants 120

Vultures 9

Variation of Nesting Sites 159

TteL*

rv>- tTm.^ "^.^f

VOL. IV.

NO I

NOVEMBER, 1897.

A Journal Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

RATES: — $1.00 per year to all countries, in advance. Single numbers, 10 cts.

Published on the 15th of each month by Museum Publishing Co. .Albion, N. Y.

BOOKS.

The following books are all In good order in ever>*
way vinless otherwise marked, where n< w we have
fo stated. All will be sent prepaid on receipt of price.
Order at once.

S 00
3 UO

12

4 00
U 75

3 00

Smithsonian Report, 1193, new,' 800pp., Cloth . t
1«M.

Structure of Animal Life, by Agafslz, new, 130pp.,
red cloth

The Oologist, vols'. I to 10 Inclusive, boand in 2
vol.")., half leather, new

The Auk, ItuS, new. half leather, fine

The American Naturalist, 1868, TO(^p., half leath-
er, new

Malcolm'! Central Indi% In 2 vols., second edition

leather, the set 2 2.5

The Ibis, London, belne the otnclal Journal of tlie
HHtlsh Omltholopsts Union the same as the
Auk of this country. It Is edited by Phillip
L. Schlater and Howard Saunders. We offer.
Vol. I. 1883. vol. 2, IW*I and vol 4 of the sixth
series for ISK. All three volumes half leath
er. per volume

The Sea and its Living Wonders, by Dr. G. Hart-
wig, ,TCOpp . tlnely Illustrated, binding, some
loose, cost W 110. our price

Elements of Chemistry, by Miller, overJiCOpp.^
ro.si ^T. 00. our price

Guide to the Study of Insects, by Packard. 1.5 plates

and 1)7.' wood cuts costl.5(0. our pi Ice.
The OrnitholOEist and Oologist for IfHO and IWO.

24 no-M. bound In one volume, full leatber.new 2 00

British Zoology, by Pennant, In 4 big volumes,
leather. Vol. 1 covers mammals and Homi/
birds, vol. 2 water birds, vol. 3 reptiles and
tlshes. vol. 4 cru.st.irea molluscs, etc. The 4

volumes all ilnely Illustrated for

Copepoda, Cladocera and Ostracoda of Minnesota,

32« pp. text and l<9 full Mge plates, new 2 .50

The Muoeum, vol. 1, tlnely Illustrated, 400 pp.,

full leather, new

The Museum, vols. 1. 2 and 3 to Nov., I8(r7, flnely

bound In cloth, t-uopp

Worlds Congress on Ornitboiogy, edited 1 y Mrs.
E. Irene Hood under the direction of Dr.
Elliot Cones, 800 pp., half leather, new 4 00

,5 00

2 60

3 00

3 20

600

1 50
300

Milner's Gallery of Nature, being a pictorial and
descriptive tour through creation. A rare
volume. SO pp., full leather 4 GO-

The Universe, by Pouchet, eleventh edition, 270

engravings, line 2 60

Mysteries of the Ocean, translated from the

French. ISO One lllnstratlons, cost 16.00 _ 2 75

The Post-office, vol. 3 18934. de%-oted to philately,

bound In cloth 90'

Death Valley Expedition, part 3, half leather, 400

pp.. llustrated 1 80-

Eastern Persia, 1870 and 1872, 2 vols. Vol. 1 de-
voted to geography and narrative and vol. 2
to geography and geology. 4.*) pp. in each
volume, cloth. '1 he set 3 50

Our Living World, vol. 1 on mammals, 625 pp..
all illustrated, tine paper and printing quarto
size, many colored plates, new and up-to-
date, half leather, tine 7 00

Model Herbarium and Plant Record, new. Fine
thing for a botanist, 60 heavy sheets bound
in one volume , I 60

Birds of North America, by Ijalrd, Cassln and

Lawrence, IiiPO pp., rare 5 OO

Paleontology. Vol. 2 of Geological Survey of
Ohio. Illustrated by .50 full page plates of
shells, crlnolds, vegetables, etc.. fine 2 35

Birds of Kansas, by Goss. Tlflpp., filled with full
page plates, showing half tones from photo-
graphs of , 529 birds, new 5 50

The Ornithologist and Oologist for 1886 and 1887.

21 nos. In I vol., half leather IBS

Raines Bird Nesting in Northwest Canada, 175 pp.
flnely Illustrated with colored plates of over
60 kinds of rare American eggs and numer-
ous full page plates of scenery in the north-
west territories, boards 17a

Annual Reports Bureau of Ethnology, by Powell:

Vol. .s, iwi 82. 600pp., flnely Illustrated 3 OO

•• 5, 1883-84.600 " " " 3 00

" «, lHSiH.5, 700 " " ■' 3 00

■• 7. IK85 86, 4(X) " " " 2 25

■■ 8, ISS6.H7. ."IfKI " " " 8 75

■• 9, I^K7 88. 6aj " " " 3 00.

" 10. 188.8-89. 800 ■' " •• 4 00

Entire 8 toLs. by freight at purchaser's ex-
pense _ 17 00

Conlinued on page 12,

iTV/-^'

V-

THE MUSEUM.

WANTS, EXCHANGES AND FOR SALES.

All notices that come under above will be inserted in this department until further notice
.atfone (1) cent a word. No notice less than 25c. Terms Cash with rrder So charge for
address. I shall at all times endeavor to keep parties, whose reputation is of ;i doubtful char-
acter from using these columns.

\

THE MUSEUM and Natural Science News
•complete to trade for full volume of the Oolo-
aisl prior to 1893. C. F. STONE, Branchport,

N. Y.

A FEW pairs Buffalo Horns polished, but
not mounted; three pairs Elk horus attach-
ed to part of skull, 10 and 13 points; number
of birds eggs 160 kinds British and Manito-
ban in sets, pairs and singles; copy of Davies'
Methods and Brown's Practical Taxidermy,
good as new, cheap for cash. Make offers.
■CHRIS FORGE, Carman, Manitoba.

A LARGE list of books and tine cabinet
minerals to exchange for good sets of eggs
and Indian Relics. Will also buy collections
of birds, eggs, Indian relics and old books.
Have a good list of books for sale cheap. Can
furnish tine live cocoons of Attaeua Cynthia
at 50 cents per dozen. GEO. W. DJXON,
Watertown, S. Dak.

EXCHANGE.— Lot of magazines includes

Century, Leslies, Scribners, McGlures, Monthly
-Illustrator, Art Student, Art Amateur, Art
Interchange, Chap Book., Philistine, Munscys,
Oodeys, Bradley Book, and many others.
List price over $17. For birds eggs, miner-
als, curios or offers. J. J. WALSHE, 3 Pha>-
nix St., North Adams, Mass.

FOR a U. S. dime dated prior to 1890 I will
send prepaid a specimen of quariz from the
Klondike. Guaranteed genuine. These make
unique specimens for vour cabinet. Stamps
bought and sold. WILLARD B. DOBBINS.
Lock Box 22, Barnesville, Ohio. 2tu

SUBSCRIPiTON AGENCY.— Eggs in first-
class sets wanted. Kindly submit .>our list of
magazines and newspapers for cash or ex-
change rates. I can furnish anything pub-
lished. Becreation find The U.^prey, $1.70.
'Recreation and either Cosmopolitan, Munscy
or McCbires, $r.65. Birds and Recreation,
■$3.10., Uarpirsa.nA Becreation, $3.10., ilar-
pers and Becreation, $4.10. Address, BEN-
JAMIN HOAG, Stephentown, New Yol-k.

. VERY tine Elk head horns 50, in length, 43
wide, 13 branches' perfectly even no broken
points long neck mounted on shield. Also
good Moose head 16 points will sell cheap for
cash. Photo sent on application. CHRIS
FORGE, Carman, Manitoba.

HAVE you tried it? "K. aud P. Preserva-
tive." Something every Oologist should have.
Do your own Taxidermy work. Pound pack-
age and "Taxidermy made Easy" giving full
instructions. 65 cents. Exchanges and C'lr-
respondence solicited. KERli & PKRHAM,
Jilencoe, Iowa, and Sandwich, Ills.

SPLENDID MINERALS of wonderful
beauty and brilliance constantly on hand at
lowest prices. • Many recent arrivals are gor-
geous beyond comparison, and some of the
choicest samples are better than before offer-
ed for sale. If you want^we minerals it will
pay you to write me. ARTHUR N. FULLER,
Lawrence Kans. 6ta

WANTED:— Indian relics for cash, or will
exchange stamps, coins, minerals for same.
Correspondence solicited. Dr. W. O.EMERY,
Crawfordsville, Ind. 2tO

FOR SALE:— Four Hundred Elk Teeth.
Box 136, New Galilee, Beaver Co., Pa.

I HAVE a few unused Columbian (2c) en-
velopes, No. 2. white, 1st quality, which I will
mail, sealed, at ten cents each. Three for a
quarter. P. M. VAN EPPS, Glenville, N. Y.

2tO

TO EXCHANGE:— First class butterflies in
papers with data for first class sets of eggs
with data. EVERETT E. JOHNSON, No. 9
Bartlett St , Lewiston, Maine.

A CRUSADE for new subscribers to The
Osprey. Positively the best offkr ever made
for new subscribers by a bird monthly. By
Jar the best magazine and by far the best offer.
Worth looking into surely! Send stamp for
particulars while big offer lasts. (Mention
MCSEU.M ) THE OSPREY COMPANY, 61
North Prairie St. Galesbuig, 111.

FOR SALE.— Beautiful minerals and Sea
Shells as cheap as the cheapest. All large
specimens, also U. S. coins. Correspondence
solicited. S. V. WHARRAM, Trumbull. O.
— ■- , -

, FINE GEOLOGICAL Specimens of the Lor.
Silurian to exchange for fossils, relics, shells
or minerals. Correspondence solicited. J.N.
HODGIN, 122 N. 17 St., Richmond, Ind.

" 'HAS anyone a set of Black Tern to exchange
blown with 'small" holes. I have never seen
any and would be glad to secure such a set at
double catalogue rates in exchange. J. N.
CLARK. Saybrook, Conn. 2tn

FOREXCHANGE:— A book, cloth bound,
pertaining to the blids of New Jersey, 213
pages, mauv illustrations. Want other books
and eggs. Make offers. WM. B. CRISPEN,
Salem, N. J. ' ;: ' •'

IF YOU WISH any shells or curios trom
this locality vvith rcat'labels, send stamp for
list. Send 25c. for a sample lot including a
small Haliotis splendens. W. H. HILLER,
147 W. 23d St., Los Angeles, Calif.

THE MUSEUM

KOK KXCHAN(;K-r>10 i;t. 70 l-;i, 202 3-4,
■^li;! 1 4. Kor siiln: 3(14 i'i at 'r> I'ts. per set.
All lirst class lakt-n liv inysolf. KALl'H N.
KNlGHr, Doer Isle. Mo.

BACK NOS. WAN I'Kl) of i)iii)cr.s and mag-
a/.ims Senil list 1 oiler in exeliange iiooks,
cameras anil cash. CHAS. H. FINNE. box
U80, Little Koek, Arkansas. 2tn

WANTKL): — Relics of all kinds. Indian,
war, etc , petrilied wood and showy minerals
siiitalile for polishing. Fine fossils and nia-
line shells. U. S. stamps and s^cientilic book
in exchange for polished or natural minerals,
viz: landscape marble, Mexican onyx, green
■opaline, black "cone in cone," Hamilton fos-
sils, land, fresh water and niirine shells and
First class lapidary work Enquirers please
inclose stamp for reply. JOHN Ci. Bl'X rt)N,
Steam Lapidary Works, Milo Centre. N. Y.

2tn

FOR EXCHANGE:-A new'Quackenbush"
cartridge rille 28 calibre, for kodak or best
•offer in Indian relics also fragments of Mound
Builders pottery for arrow heads. ALBERT
WALLEN, 148 Reynolds St., Charleston, W.

BUFFALO HORNS in rongh 50cts. a pair,
■elk from ?3 to $.5, crinoid stems G to 25cts.
petrified morass 6cts., lace coral Gets., stem
coral Gets., petrilied wood in sandstone Gets ,
lepidodendrous line 2.5c to 1100. sigillarias
from lOcts. to *1 EDWIN F. DEMERRITT,
LaSalle, III.

FORSALE:— Setsof 67,7it, 75, 4, 311, 43, 53,
•51, 51a. 125. 120, 120:i, 49. 184, 292, 191, 200.
203, 77, 337. 3G7, 3r8. 33.), 294a, 289, 171a and
many other rare singles, minerals, fossils,
curios, marine and scientilie shells, for sale
•cheap for cash. Send for iists. i\ A W.
DE.-VN.S, Natural Science Institute, 37 Falls
St., Niagara {•"alls, N. Y.

WANTED:— To exchange for Indian relics,
shells or minerals. 1 Marlin rille, 3J cal., '92
model: 1 32 cal. double action Iver it Johnson
revolver and a fine violin, box and bow. All
are in Al condition. S. BAUER; 117 Cen-
tral Ave., Owego, N. Y.

ALCOHOLIC SPECIMENS cheap, prepaid,
by mail. I'ubulaiia 20c , campaoularia 20c.,
-eDdeudrium 20c , injected arm ot starfish
showioH canals 25c , sea cucumber 25c , thy-
one or hnlothuriaii 30r , sea worm 20o., scaly
worm 20c-, line sijuid 50c , goose barnacle
20c, acorn barnacle 20c.. hermit crab 25c.,
rock crab 18c., tiddler crab 20c ,
shrimp 20c , crawfish 15c, tine li/.-
ard 50c , tree toad 30c., salamander large 50c.,
Florid'a frog 40c , many others. The above
20 line specimans, all in separate veals or jars
prepaid, to one address for .$4 OO. Special
rates to teachers. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Al
bion, X. Y.

FOR SALE:— Thoroughbred fox terrier 3
■months old fixini imported stock, cheap, for
■cash or best exchange offer takes it. F. J.
JklANCHESTER, Clark Mills. N. Y.

FOR SALE or exchange: — Helix lidelis.
marine shells and curiosities. Send list of
exchanges. All letters answered. MRS. M.
J. McHEFFREY. Birch Bay, Wash. 8tn

GLASS VIALS:— Do you ever need any
small glass vials for specimens of shells, al-
coholics, etc? ^\'e have a neat grade i
drachm at 20c. a dozen prepaid or $1.25 a
gross; a size twice as large at 25c. a dozen or
$1.75 a gross; line small vials i oz , with
nickel .screw tops at fjOc. a doz ; little jars, J
oz., screw top. 75c. a dozen i)repaid; small,
round pill boxes handy for small crystals and
shells Ule. a dozen or 70c. a gross. WALTER
F. WEBB. Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

FOR S.\LP>.— Pair high brass candlesticks,
elegant design, cheap for cash No exchanga.
Photo sent for 10 cts. F. J. MANCHESTER,
Clark Mills, N. Y.

MOUNTED SPECIMENS and skins to ex-
change for first class Bird Skins. GEO. F.
GUELF, Brockport, N. Y.

FOR SALE:— Beautiful minerals and sea
shells as cheap as the cheapest. All large
specimens, also U. S. coins. Correspondence
solicited. S. V. WHARRAM, Harperslield,
Ohio.

A RARE SOUVENIR:— Twelve varieties of
admission tiekets to the various villages and
shows on the World's Fair grounds of 1893,
for seven cents. CLIFTON A. FOX, .525 W.
Gist St., Chicago. 111.

FINE BIRD SKINS —We have lately se-
cured all the skins that were left on hand by
the late E. C Thurber. They were a line lot
and cannot fail to please any collector. Those
still on hand are Gambels t^uail at 75c; Pyg-
my Nuthatch, 20c; Townsend's Warbler. 75c;
Black throated Gray Warbler, 45c; Black-
throated Sparrow, 20c; Virginia Rail, 40c;
Sora Rail, 20c; Blue-front Jay, 40c; California
Jay, 25; Tluirber's Junco, 50c; Poor Will, $1.50;
Blue (irosbcak West, 50c; Rufous Hummer's
(tine lot males) 40e; Costa's Hummer males,
40c; Cactus Wren, GOc; Lincoln's Sparrow, 20c;
Verdin, 25c: Black-tail Gnatc. 'JS; Slenler-
bill Nuthatch. 20c; Phainopepla, 3jc; Divarf
Thrush, 25; (Jreen-tail Towhee, 25c; Brown
Towhee, 25c; West Yellow-throat, 12c; Pileat-
ed Warbler, ."Oc; Lutescent Warbler, 30; Mac-
gillivray's Warbler, 35; California Creeper,
aOc; Lacontes Thr.asher, $1; Arizona Hooded
Oriole, 30c; Bullock's Oriole, 25c; White-
throated Swift, $1; VauxS.vift, 1.25; White-
nape Nuthatch, 75c; Anthony's Junco, 75c;

We also got some line

M/VMMALS

As Hezperia Chipmunk, 9>c; Kangaroo Rat,
9.5c; Desert Kangiroo Rat, 95c; Wood Rat,
50c; Short-tail Mice, 75c; Hermit Mice. 75c;
White-foot Mice40c, Li ttlePouche<lMouje(/'ero-
gnnUiis], 75c; Little Golden Pocket Mouse, 75c.
All above from South California and Arizona.
Send your order quick. They wont last long.

W. F. WEBB," Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

THE MUSEUM.

GEO. r. GUELF,

PRACTICAL TAXIDERMIST,

BROCKPORT, IV. Y.

DEALER IN

Bird Skins, Mounted Birds and Mammals.
Bulletin No. 4 just out, send for a copy.

This is my
Proposition.

Let me sen J, for your inspeptioii, charges pastpaid.
SS of the Famous Quartz Crystals found at
this place. If this collection of Brilliant Gems pleases
you. Idndly send 70 cents only, otherwise return the
collection and it will be O. K. Highest Award at the
World's Fair. Order today.

2to A. B. CRI9I,

nilddleville, Herklnier Co., I«. V.

THE

ROCHESTER

HERALD

ONE CENT

Autograph Letters
of Famous People.

Original Letters, not copies.
Send for my price lists.

Walter Romeyn BeDjamln,

1125 Broadway, New York.

]n The O^preyl

It is marvelous what tlie leading mouthly
magazine of Ornithology and Oology contains,
each month. A London paper recently called
it the best magazine of its kind in the world.
No wonder the hearty support it is receiving..

Some Articles in Current
Numbers are:

"SOME BIRDS OF AFRICA,"

with photographs of Ostriches, Egyptian Vul-
tures, etc., by Prof. Elliot, chief of Field Col-
umbian Museum Expedition to Africa.

"BIRDS OF THE POLAR NORTH"

with map, illustration of Esquimaux drawing-
of birds, etc., also giving Esquimaux bird
names, etc., by Geo. H. Clark, of the Peary
Polar Expedition, 1893-4.

\

J$3 A YEAR. "A NATURALIST'S EXPERIENCE IN CUBA,"

• •

Order of your Dealer, or by
Mail.

SHELL COLLECTORS.— We intend to
greatly enlarge our stock the coming winter
and make many exchanges with collectors.
Please send us a list of any Land, Freshwater
or Marine Shells you have to offer. We want
Helix as ever and wish all collectors who have
any duplicate Helix to send us complete
lists. Anyone knowing of any large shell
collections for sale will confer a favor by ad-
vising us of same. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Al-
bion, N.Y.

10 CENTS and the name and full address of
30 people in your town or vincinity will secure
for one year's subscription to the Universal
Exchange. Hundreds of bargains. Good till
January 1, 18»7. EXCHANGE PUB. CO.,
Athol, Mass. Mention Museum when writ-
ing.

with some interesting Cuban photographs, by
Frank M. Chapman of American Museum of
Natural History. And many other of the-
greatest interest to the Ornithologist and Ool-
ogist.

"GOLDEN EAGLES,"

with tine photograph of an Eagle's nest by
Chester Barlow of California, who has col-
lected many Eagles.

The photographs of live bird.'f, and nests
and eggs from nature alone make the maga-
zine worth more than the $1.00 subscription.

Send a dollar now for a year's subscription;,
at least send 2.5 cents for three months trial.

Sample 10 cents — no free copies.

THE OSPREY CO.,

61 NORTH PRAIRIE ST.,

GMESBURG, ILL..

THE MUSEUM

.A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

Vol. IV.

ALBION, N. Y., NOVEMBER 15, 1897.

No.

Some North American Mammals.

THE SHREWS.

The Shrews of all parts of the world
are ilistiiiguished by an elongated and
pointed niuzzle, external cars with two
inner lobes, formed by the development
of the antitagus and heli.x; feet, five
toed, each with a distinct claw; the fore
feet but a little broader, if at all than the
hinder; the tail variable in length.
They are spread over the northern
hemisphere, some species running very
far to the north, and although the
smallest of the known mammals, sus
taining the rigors of the severest win-
ters. Species have been found in
Southern and Central Africa, Asia, the
East Indies and the whole of Europe;
hitherto, the region of the Rio Grande,
of Texas, has proved the American
limit to the South, no well authenticat-
ed specimens having been brought
from South America.

The skull of the Shrews has several
peculiarities. It is narrow and long,
much pointed anteriorily; compressed
at the orbits, and in some species hav-
ing a distinct crest along the crown.
The malar bone is wanting, and there
is no zygomatic arch. There is a deep
fossa on the inner side of the coronoid
process.

The teeth of the shrews vary from
28 to 32, although some authors give
as many as 34 and 36. There are two
very large incisor teeth in each jaw,
directed nearly horizontally forward;
the upper pair much curved and form-
ing a hook; the lower straighter and
usually with the trenchant upper edge
more or less lobed. In the posterior
part of the upper jaw there are four
large teeth, the posterior much the
smallest, each with numerous points.
Between these and the large incisors
are three, four or five simple and much

smaller teeth; the last or posterior of
these are usually very small. These
teeth are conical, and have sometimes
a large pointed tubercle on the inner
side at the base. There are three
multicuspid molars in the lower jaw,
and between these and the incisors are
two simple teeth.

The snout is extended some distance
beyond the incisor teeth, and ends in a
naked muffle with the nostrils pierced
in the sides. The eyes are very mi-
nute, though usually discoverable on
close examination. The ears are more
or less distinct, except in the genus
Plarina, where they are entirely con-
cealed in the dried skin.

The food of the shrews consists
chiefly of insects, worms and mollusks,
but they are capable of attacking and
destroying small vertebrates, and read-
ily devour each other. They are very
voracious, and require a large amount
of animal food. They are nocturnal
and more or less aquatic. They do
not hibernate, but go about in the
coldest weather. The young are born
blind and naked.

A'losorcw Navigator, Cooper; Wat-
er Shrew, \'ancouver, B. C. — External
ears small, hidden in the fur, which
greatly exceeds them in length; long-
est hairs of the body a little over two
lines long; feet and hands very small
and broad; palms and soles, with the
fingers and toes margined by a fringe
of cilated bristles; the fore feet con-
tained a little more than twice in the
hinder, which are nearly as long as the
skull. Tail much longer than the
head and body (almost one-half long-
er,) with a distinct pencil at the tip;
third lateral tooth smaller than the
fourth; a very slight sub-terminal lobe
to the anterior upper incisors; color
above dark sooty brown, mixed with

6

THE MUSEUM.

hoary; beneath greyish white; tall, sil-
very white beneath; length of head
and body 2 1-12, tail 3 inches.

The body is rather thick and full;
feet very large, broad and long, entire-
ly naked beneath, covered with short
stiff hairs; hind feet about twice the
length of the fore feet; the ears are
small and in the dried skin very incon-
spicuous; the whiskers are numerous
reaching back to the ears. The feet
with the fingers are of a mixed brown
and gray, except on the inner edge,
where they are colored like the belly.
The tail is like the back, except on the
outer surface, where it is of a sharply
defined whitish like the belly.

Sorcx trowbi-idgii, Baird: Trow-
bridge's Shrew; Astoria to Steilacoom,
Pacific coast.

Sp. Char. Ears very large not ex-
ceeding the long fur; fur full, longest
hairs measuring over three lines; fore
feet contained \\ times in the hinder,
which are barely a little more than
two-thirds the length of the skull; tail
as long as the body and half of the
head; third lateral incisor smaller than
the fourth; anterior upper incisor with
a moderal internal lobe. Color above,
sooty brown or black slightly variegat-
ed with hoary; beneath, a little paler
and very slightly different from the
back; head and body 2.\ inches, tail 2
inches; hind feet over 5- 10 of an inch.

Body slender, elongated; snout rath-
er broad, depressed and pointed, whis-
kers numerous, moderately long and
light colored; ears unusually large, al-
though not longer than the fur on the
nape, covered thinly with hairs on
both surfaces, the region about the
meatus, however, being bare; the sup-
plementary lobe of the ear with long
hairs springing from the extreme edge;
fur on the body very full and soft,
measuring three lines in the back; the
fore feet are large in proportion and
quite broad, contained about | times
in the hinder ones; the palms are broad
or broader than the soles, being naked
and without fringes; the tail is as long
as the body (exclusive of the head)

and is covered with short, stiff, sup-
pressed hairs, which are of equal size
everywhere, and furnish but a very
stunted pencil at the end.

Sorcx vagrans. Cooper: Wander-
ing Shrew, Cape Flattery, Wash., to
Petalum, Calif,

Sp. Ch. Ears moderately large,
though little more than half as long as-
the adjacent fur. Fur rather long and
full, hairs on the back measuring 2i
lines. Feet rather small, anterior
contained rather more than one and a
half times in the posterior, which are
a little over two-thirds the length of
the skull. Tail longer than the body,
scantily haired at the tip. Third lat-
eral tooth above smaller than the
fourth. Anterior upper incisor with a
rounded internal lobe, in broad con-
tact with its fellow. Color above
olive brown varied with hoary. Be-
neath, dusky yellowish white. Sides,
a little paler than the back. Head
and body two inches, tail ig, hind foot
about .47 of an inch.

Body rather stout and full. The
ears are large and the aperture wide,
the concha is not however as long as
the fur and is usually concealed in the
hair. The internal surface is well
covered with fur along the upper mar-
gin, as well as on the edges of the sup-
plementary lobes. The feet are rath-
er small, the palm as broad as the
soles, both naked with a slight cilation
on the latter. The tail is about five-
sixths as long as the head and body,
slender, depressed and scantily clothed
with short, stiff, depressed hairs, which
constitute a very small pencil at the
end. The skull is moderately slender
anteriorly. The upper anterior has a
second hook at the base, decidedly
smaller, however, than the one in
front of it forming the tip of the tooth,
and about equal to the third lateral
tooth. The first two lateral teeth are
of about equal size and decidedly
smaller than the fourth, which how-
ever is larger than the third. The
teeth are all chestnut colored at the
tips.

THE MUSEUM

Sorer siickltyi, Baird: Suckley's
Shrew, W'ashinfjton to Monterej', Cal.

Sp. Ch. Ears quite large about as
long as the adjacent fur. Longest
hairs measure nearly two lines. Feet
rather small, the anterior contained
nearly twice in the posterior, wlilch
barely extend two-thirds of the skull.
Tail considerably longer than the body
without the head; well coated with
hair; caudal vertebrate i6. Third lat-
eral tooth above smaller than the
fourth; width of skull rather more than
half its length. Palate | this length.
Color above, light chestnut brown; be-
neath, grayish white. Length 2]
inches, tail \\, hind foot .46 inch.

This species is very closely related
to S. Cooperi, its distinctive characters
being only evident after careful e.xam-
ination of teeth and skull as well as of
e.xternal characters. The snout is
elongated, the ears are conspicuous and
are well coated with fur on the sides
and edges, except around and in front
of the moetus. The feet are rather
small, the anterior contained nearly
twice in the posterior. The palms
and soles are naked, the latter with
overhanging hairs. The claws of the
first and fifth toes reach to the penul-
timate articulations of the adjacent
second and fourth. The tail is longer
than the body exclusive of the head.
The skull is short and thick for this
species of the group, considerably ex-
ceeding in this respect S. platyehincus.
The breadth is more than half the
length instead of being less. The
third upper lateral tooth is decidedly
less than the fourth.

Sorix f^iu/iyurus, Baird: Thick-
tailed Shrew; habitat, Pembina, Minn.,
to Fort Ripley.

Sp. Ch. Ears moderate, though
distinct; not half as long as the adjac-
ent hairs. Fur very full, the longest
hairs measuring over 5 lines. Feet
and hands very stout and broad ;the lat-
ter contained about one and a half times
in the former, which are about two-
thirds the length of the skull. Tail
very thick throughout its whole length.

with a decided pencil at the tip, about
seven-ninths the length of the head
and body alone. Third lateral tooth
above larger than the fourth. No in-
ternal lobe to the anterior upper incis-
ors, but these are somewhat widened
and in contact near the rounded point.
Premolars are not imbricated. Color
above, light olive brown becoming
much darker on the rump; beneath,
ashy white with a tinge of brownish;
sides of a tint of brown paler than
that on the top of the head. Head
and body 2J inches, tail to the end of
hairs \'\ inches.

The body of this species appears
unusually stout and full owing to the
length of the fur which exceeds that ot
any American species, measuring on
the back as above indicated 5 lines.
Its large feet and claws and very thick
tail are also highly characteristic. The
ears are of moderate size, the concha
short, scarcely more than a line high,
not coming far around the moetus, and
much shorter than the fur. It is
scantily covered with hair on the mar-
gin of the internal face and with larger
ones on the edges of the supplement-
ary lobes.

The skull is slender anteriorly,
though the muzzle is shorter than inS.
na\igator. The anterior upper incisor
is bidentate, the posterior lobe or hook
nearly as large as the anterior, and
coming down nearly to the line with
it and the next teeth; it is about the
size of the third lateral tooth. The
five lateral teeth overlap each other,
diminish gradually and regularly from
the first to the fifth, which is rather
larger than usual and visible from the
side. There are three very decided
lobed serrations on the lower anterior
incisor. All the teeth are chestnut at
the tips.

[These descriptions of North Ameri-
can Mammals will continue through a
number of succeeding numbers, pos-
sibly all the year. We would be very
thankful to collectors for notes regard-
ing any of them, of their own observa-
tions. Ed.]

THE MUSEUM.

#lllliilll!llillli!!!il!iilti I:ilfjill:iifj[llt\iil;;:illllf!:iilll!jili'::#

I

74}Jtet ,,-. TOM.

Editor The Museum,
Manager Webb's Natural Science Establishment,

mm\

ipiil!iPlipi!PlliPI!llP!!ll||il!pil!llilPi;liP'.;^^^ F ^ > P F ^>^

THE MUSEUM.

THE MUSEUM.

A Monthly Magazine devoted to Ornithology,

Oology, Mollusca, Echinodermata,

Mineralogy and Allied

Sciences.

Walter F. Webb, Editor and Manager
Albion. N. Y.

Corr»»spondence and It^ms of Interest ou above top-
ics. a.< well a.s notes on the various Museums of the
Worlil— views from san>e. discoveries relative to the
hanilllnc and keeping of Natural History material,
desi-nptlve habits of various species, are solicited
from all.

Make articles as brief as possible and as free from
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Vultures.

It is a fact well known among well
informed people and especially among
the ranks of American ornithologists,
that the genus Cathartes is well repre-
sented south of the Mason-Dixon line.
In consideration of the fact that the
major portion of my obserbations have
been in the Lone Star State, I shall
in this brief sketch adhere strictly to
notes made in Texas. But Texas is a
huge state within the bounds of which
half a dozen New England states could
be deposited and still not be crowded.
In all this vast territory lying between
the Red River and the Rio Grande,
the Panhandle and the Gulf of Mexico,
my favorite oological collecting ground
is in those counties forming the most
southern point of the state — that sec-
tion commonly spoken of as southern
or southwestern Texas. Here few are
the hours when several vultures may
not be seen sailing high overhead,
scanning the earth and things thereon

as only vultures can scan and scenting
as only vultures can scent. And their
valuable services as scavengers are in-
dispensable. Both species are resi-
dent and abundant; the Black variety
is, however, largely in the majority.
Of their habits and idiosyncrasies it is
not necessary for me to speak for who
is it that does not know the duty of a
"vulgar buzzard.'" My notes on nidi-
fication for the year 1896 happen to
be before me — or rather a portion of
them — and among them I find data
concerning thirteen nests of the Black
\'ulture. Tabulated, they are as fol-
lows:

March 6, 1896. Two fresh eggs de-
posited on leaves by the side of an old
log, the fork of which formed a V
around the eggs. The log was lying
near a small arroya. The birds were
seen. Refugio Co., Texas.

March 8, 1S96. Two fresh eggs de-
posited in cavity of hollow tree. En-
trance five feet from ground. Birds
were on the eggs. Refugio Co., Tex.

March 16, 1896. Two eggs in which
incubation had begun, deposited in
cavity of hollow tree. Entrance nine
feet from ground. The birds were
seen. Refugio Co., Texas.

March 12, 1896. Two fresh eggs
laid on ground without sign of nest.
The birds were seen. Refugio Co.,
Texas.

March 20, 1896. Two eggs in
which incubation was started, deposit-
ed in hollow tree. Aperture ten feet
from ground. The hollow was almost
full of water from heavy rains but the
bird was incubating the eggs neverthe-
less. Refugio Co., Texas.

March 29, 1896. Two fresh eggs
deposited on bare ground in brushy
motte of trees in a field. Not far from
a small arroya. Bird was sitting on
the eggs. Refugio Co. ; Texas.

March 29, 1896. Two eggs in which
incubation had started, laid on bare
ground in small hollow in face of rocky
cliff facing arroya Medio. Birds were
seen. Refugio Co., Texas.

April 20, 1 896. Two fresh eggs de-

lO

THE MUSEUM.

I

posited on ground by side of log in
motte of trees. Bird was on the nest.
Refugio Co., Texas.

April 23, 1896. Two fresh eggs
laid on bare ground. Birds were seen.
Refugio Co.. Texas.

May 16, 1896. Two eggs in which
incubation had begun laid on ground
in motte of trees in field. Birds were
seen. Refugio Co., Texas.

May 10, 1896. One egg in which
incubation had begun laid on bare
ground in motte of trees in field.
Birds were seen. Rufugio Co., Texas.

May 18, 1896. Two eggs in which
incubation had started. Laid on ground
in weeds in motte of trees. Birds
were seen. Refugio Co., Texas.

May 29, 1S96. Two eggs in which
incubation was begun. Laid on ground
in bunch of chapparal on hog wallow
prairie. Bird was on the eggs. Re-
fugio Co., Texas.

In the foregoing thirteen nests, as
you will see, only three sets were
found in cavities of trees, the remain-
ing sets being found on the ground.
The last mentioned set of eggs is the
only one I have ever found in an iso-
lated clunip of chapparal on a prairie.
Those nests mentioned as having been
found in mottes were generally located
well inside the clump with a well beat-
en path leading to the eggs which
were generelly deposited on a spot en-
tirely devoid of any vegetation, pre-
sumably made so by the birds. It is
not necessary to enumerate my finds
for the year 1897 but I will mention
one set a little out of the ordinary. It
consisted of two eggs, far advanced in
incubation, deposited in a cavity with
a very small opening sixteen feet from
the ground. The peculiar part of the
data is that the eggs were almost en-
tirely covered with water. Did this
retard the progress of incubation or
advance it, as it does in some cases.?
The weather was very warm and the
hollow was exposed to the rays of the
sun nearly all day. The bird was sit-
ting on the eggs which were badly
stained, but the natural markings were

exceptionally beautiful and the eggs^
larger than the average. It will be
noted that one set was found under
similar circumstances in 1896.

Two or three hundred miles north-
west of here this vulture is found
breeding in the rocky cliffs of the Col-
orado River, depositing their eggs on
the narrow shelves and in the small
caves.

I have never found the Turkey Vul-
ture nesting in hollow trees, having
always found their eggs laid on the
bare ground. April 16, 1896, I found
a nice set of two eggs, fresh, of this,
vulture. The eggs were deposited on
the bare ground by a log. The bird
was seen. On the 17th day of the
same month I flushed a Turkey Vul-
ture from a small clump of chapparal
and near the center of the clump I
found a snowy infant of some two
weeks' age and one rotten, infertile
egg. This year, 1897, I collected a
beautiful clutch of two eggs from this
identical spot. May 20, 1896, I found
a set of one badly incubated egg.
This egg was laid on leaves in a thick-
et. The finest specimens of joung in
the white plumage I have ever seen I
found in a bunch of chapparal this,
year June 14, 1897. The nests of
this species I do not find nearly sa
often as those of the Black variety.

While there is some similarity in
the eggs of the two species, there is
little excuse for confusion, as they dif-
fer in size, shape, color of back-ground
and diffusion of markings. I have
seen many immaculate eggs of the
Black Vultere but never of the Turkey.

Can any collector cite an instance
of the vultures breeding in colonies as
is mentioned by Oliver Davie in his
"Nests and Eggs of North American
Birds.''" If so, I for one, would ap-
preciate a description of such a colony.
James J. Carroll,

Belton, Texas.

Hints about killing Lepidoptera.

It is important when collecting in-

THE MUSEUM.

ir

sects, to preserve their form, color and
scale covering. With Lepidoptcra
the importance of such care is
evident. Many rare and desir-
able specimens are found to be,
when captured, more or less diverted
of their hypodormal colorinp; such in-
dividuals should always be preserved
until replaced by better.

Avoid hastily killing by pinching,
as such a procedure destroys the
symmetry and relative position of the
parts so treated. Do not unthinking-
ly and carelessly grasp the wings; but,
on the contrary, handle gently with
forceps or fingers, being careful to
grasp the sides of the thora.x from un-
der the surface of the insect
without applying too great compres-
sion; the appendages may often be
utilized for this same purpose. The
main object being to preserve the
natural appearance of the specimens
for study, and to give neatness and
perfection to the collection, which al-
ways reflects great credit upon the
collector.

The use of chloroform, either and
cyanide of potassium as agents for
destroying the life, is not entirely sat-
isfactory as a rigidity is imparted to
the muscular structures, rendering a
quick and easy manipulation difficult,
owing to the persistency of the posi-
tions assumed at death.

E.xposure to the vapor of aqua am-
monia produces complete flexibility,
with the objection that it requires too
long a time to suflicate the larger
species, and the liability to bleach and
destroy rela.xation to the muscles is a
deserdatum of great importance to the
collector of these fragile and delicate-
ly tinted insects. Such a result can
be obtained by the combined action
of Aqua ammonia and cyanide of pot-
assium.

Every collector of Lepidoptera
should have two or three wide mouthed
bottles or jars of different si/es the
smaller to receive the micro-lepidop-
tera; the larger ample enough to con-
tain the larger species Sphinigidae and

Bombycidae; each jar or bottle should
be prepared in the following manner:
Eirst place a layer of cotton in the
bottom thoroughly saturated with am-
monia, over this is to be placed a
thicker layer of dry cotton, upon which
the potassium should be placed and
the whole surmounted by another
mass ( f cotton, covered by a piece of
thick paper, previously punctured and
neatly fitting into the bottle in such a
way as to hold the cotton in place.
The jars should at no time be long in-
verted. It is best to prepare them
a couple weeks before using, then add
a fresh supply of ammonia and a good
result can be obtained. Such is my
method foj- killing Lepidoptera, and I
have had excellent success, as shown by
the rapidity with which I can mount my
specimens, with the removal of scales
reduced to a minimum.

A Companion For Old Ages.

A gentleman who used to read The
Youth's Companion when a boy and
reads it with the same interest now
tliat he is a middle-aged man, was asked
the other day if he had not outgrown
The Companion. I don't believe," said
he, "that 1 can ever outgrow it. I And
in it not only the cheery, hopeful spirit
of youth, but the wi.sdom and e.xperience
of ago I like it just as much as when I
was a boy though perhaps in a ditferent
way. IJut I know that it is the same
Youth's Companion with which I grew
up, for my boys and girls like it as
well as I did. It is a good paper to
grow up with."

The Youth's Companion will contain
the best thoughts of the best thinkers of
America antl Eurojio during 18U8. It
will iiriut serial and short stories of
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I'resent readers of The Companion who
renew their subscriptions, and all new
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It is the richest, costliest calender ever
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12

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at, each - 1 35

A Bird Lover in the West: Little Brothers in the
Air; Bird Ways; In Nesting Time. The above
4 books In a box make a fine present at 5 00

Birds Through an Opera Glass by Florence A.

Merriam, I6mo 75

Coue's ChccK List of North American Birds, 2Qd

edition, Rov:il 8vo 3 50

Nuttall's Ornithology, 2 vols , 8vo cloth 6 00

Ditto, in one volume 5 00

■Wilson's American Ornithology, 385 figures of

birds. 1 vol. Imp. 8vo _ 5 OO

North American Shore Birds, by D. G. Elliot, 70

fine illustrrtious drawn from life, 12ino cloth 2 £0

Field Botany, by W. P. Manton. A hand book

for the collector, cloth ,50

Fungi. Their Nature and Uses, 12 mo, cloth 1 .50

■Wild Flowers of North-eastern United States, 3)8
illustrations size of life, quarto 8Xxl2>!f, in
box 5 00

How to Know th» ■Wild Flowers, by Dana, 152 il-
lustrations. I2mo - 1 75

Manual of North American Butterflies, by C , J.
Maynard. with 10 hand colored plates, 8vo.

THE MUSEUM.

13

oloih 1 .V)

Our Common loaects, by Packard, S60 lUuslm-

tli'iis. l-.'mii cloth 1 TH)

Insects, How tc Catch and Prepare, by Mautoa,

IlluMniiiHl . hO

A Manual of trie Study of Insects, by J. II. Coui-
sKu'k. 711 paKi'S. Tl>7 Mnurcs. Latent unil brst

b<M>k out 4 10

American Fishes, by G. UrownOiKKle.Gamw iiml •

FixHl Klshrs of North America, Hvo. vlolh ,1 .tO

Principlesof Geology, by Lyell, revised edition.

■-• vol.s 3 00

Fort Ancient, bv Moorehead, llliistratt d by f .'> full

pa^e i>hr.totyi><'S s vo. rloth 2 00

Notes on Ohio Archarlogy, by Kowke, with plates

and woiul cut.-*. H vo. pafter T-S

The Antiquities cf the State of Ohio, Ulut-trated by

Shephord !< vo. il >th 2 00

Manual of the Antiquity of Man by McLean, Itlus-

tratiM. r.Miiri 1 00

The Mound Builder . bv .Made in. ;■-' mo. cloth 1 ."lO

Game Birds at Home, cloth, Rllt top 101

The StiU Hunter, a treatise ou drer stalking .. 3 (jO
Denton. Incident?* of a collector's rambles In Aus-
tralia New Zealand and Nevf Guinea, Illus-
trated I T.i

Camping and Camp Outfits, 'Jtl pp. cloth. 12 mo I 25
Wild Fowl Shooting, by Lenin^well. .STSpp. cloth 2 .=>U
The American Book of the Dog, bv G. O. ShIelJs,

Ti«ipp. s vo . s'l lllusirallon.s" cloth . ... _ 3M
American Game Fishes, by iSblelds, large 8 vo.,

1V> lliu-strations.cloih 2 50

Brook's Handbook of Invertebrate Zoology, 8vo.,

cloih 3 00

Eaton, Ferns of North America, 2 vols., cloth 40 00

Emerton. Life on the Sea Shore, 12 mo. cloth 1 .^0

Chapman's Birds of Eastern North America, 12
mo. cloth (see ad. in recent numbers of the

MusErM) 3 00

Camp Fires of a Naturalist, by Edwards, 12 mo.,

cloth 150

Our Native Birds of Song and Beauty , by Nehrling,
2 l.irge magnltlceni volumes, with many col-
ored plates, per volume 11 00

Nests and Eggs of North American Birds, by C. J.

.Maynard. cloth 2 00

Reptiles and Birds, by Figuler, 12 mo _ I 60

Mammalia, by KIguler, l:i mo I 50

Insect World, •• I 50

Ocean, •' 1 ,=>0

Vegeuble " " - _ 1 50

Above s works are fine and thoold be In every
Baturalldt's library.

Dana's System of Mineralo-y 25

Covering a.l Minerals of the World, fine, over 1000

PP 12 00

Birds of Eastern North America, by Gentry 330 pp.

cloth 185

Pocket Key of Birds, by Apear. cloth fine 50

Natural History Plays and Dialogues, boards . . _ 35

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr.,

ALBION. N.V.

Medical Books.

Under the alKive head we offer some really good
things all in stock and win be sold to the llrsl that ap-
ply at the very low rates named. All prejiald.
Materia Medlca and Therapeautlcs, Bartholow.
Bfth edition revised and enlarged, cloth. 1884.

BnecondliloD. cost f7. Our price J3 00

Vol. 2 of above worfe. fine condition except a
slight nail mb on back made in shipping wben
pnrchased _ 3 00

Tbe Science and Art of Midwifery. Lusk. cloth.

Hue condition, cost K.ho. Our price 2 60

IMReasenof theSkln. Hyle, 1883, cloth, fine, cost
W.60 2 60

Frey's Compendium of Hlstclogy, Cutter, cloth,
very fine, cott 12. Our price 1 15

Treatise of the Disease of the Ear.St.Jobn Roosa,
cost I-j.tO. verj- fine condition 2 75

Satan In Society, by a physician, 1884, cloth, One,
cost 12. Our price _ 1 10

Addresses and Es-says by G. Frank I.,yd«ton. 280
pages, cloth, fine, cost 12. Our price 98

The^assions In Relation to Health and Disease,
translated from the French by Dr. Bourgols,
cloth. 2111 pages cost K. Our price _ »8

The Inhalation Treatment of the Diseases of the
Origans ot Kespiration. iui-huliiig consump-
tion, by Arthur II. llassell. M. U., 257 pages,
cost *J 7.1. Our price 2 15

Adnormal Man. being essays on education and
crluu>. and related subjects, with digests ot
literature and a bibliography, by Arthur Mac-
donald. lHit:i. 44J pages, pape'r, good, cost $4.
Our price 1 40

Principles and Practice of Operative Surgery,
Stephen smith, eighth edition, line, cost $9,
Our price 2 75

The Student's Minual of Histology, Stowell, cost

}■-'. our price 1 00

First Hook in Qualatative Chemistry, Prescott,
third edition, revised, cost Ji. 2.). Our price . 65

The Pharm:)cnpacla of the Ilospit-il for Diseases
of the Thro. t and Chest, lourth edition, l.",0
pages, cost }1. Our price 55

Fairchild's Handbook of the Digestive Ferments,

new. 125 pages, cost $1. Our price 50

Four small manuals, paper, vi-/.. Sninal irrita-
tion, by Wm. A. Hammond. M. D.". The Mod-
ern Treatment of ICcZema. by H. G. Plffard.
M. D. ; The Modern Treatment of Ear Disease
by f^amuel Sc.xtou. M. I), and Inhaleis, Inhal-
ations and Inhalants, Viy Beverly Kobinson,
each 20

Medical Ethics and Etiquette by Austin Flint, M.

D.. fine, cost $2. Our price 1 00

Epitome of Skin Disease, Fox, fine, cost $2. Our
price 1 00

Modern Treatment of Headaches, by A. M. Hamil-
ton, M. D., cloth, tine, value 11. Our price .50

Early Aid in Injuries and Accidents, cloth, 117

pages, value m. Our price 65

Medical Directory and Laws of States, cost S.!,

paper. Our price 95

The Physician's Wife, illustrated, cloth, Ellen M.
Flrebaugh, cost $'i. Our price 100

Chemistry. General Medical and Pharmacetical,

Attaeld, eighth edition, cost U. Our price 2 00

Harkness. Latin Grammar, new cost 1M.25. Our

price. 65

Ditto. Latin Reader, same price.

The Analysis of Plants. University edition, by

Harrington, paper, little used, good..- _ 35

Diseases of Children. Smith, fifth edition, leather

bound, good as new, cost J7..tO. Our price 3 25

Diseases of the Eye by Soelberg Wells, Bull,
leather, fine cost 17.50. Our price 3 25

Medical Dictionary, by Dunglison. revised edition.

costfw. Ourprice 3 25

International Clinics, Vol. 1, fourth series, 1894,
half leather, new never opened, four volumes,
cost $1 a volume. Ourprice 12 a volume, or
the four volumes for 7 50

Analysis of Milk, condensed milk and Infants
milk food. Dr. N. Gerleer, cloth, Bne. 101
pages, cost K. Ourprice t8

Electricity. Diseases of Women and Obstetrics,

Martin, new, cost K.-W. Our price 1 2S

Common School Question liook, S.'W pages 90

Neuralgia and the Diseases that Resemble it, 370

pages, paper 50

We also have a large lot of Medical .Journals that

will be sold at a great sacridc, also back numbers of

the American Horseman. Send for list if interested

with prices.

Addrei-s all orders to,

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr.,

Albion, N. Y.

We Buy Stamps.

Send wh.at yon have from a one cent Col-
umljian and a three cent pre.sent issue, up.
Cancelled a.s well as unused. Any old stamps
or stamps of high denominations even in pre-
sent issue, used or unused, foreign or U. S.

The Return Mail Stamp Co.,

DLliUQL'E, IOWA.

14

THE MUSEUM

I

JAMES P. BABBITT,

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird
Skins, Eggs and Publications,

TAUNTON, MASS.

Our large monthly bulletin of Skins, Eggs, etc. free
upon application.

You Want Labels.

No collection is complete without uniform and near
labels. I print Bird, Egg. Shell, Fossil, Herbarium
and all kinds of labels. Egg. small l.i-, per lOJ; $1 per
1000. Large, anc per lOJ; Bl 7.5 per 1000 Send for
prices on Naturalists' printing. D. H. EATON, Wo-
burn, Mass.

Half Cash and
Half Exchange.

Any coIlecUoa of Stamps can be greatly
benefited hv our approval books at 50 per
cent. off. Iliil/ Cash and Half Exchange is all
we ask o J our 33i per cent. off. Send on
your stamps with your order and receive some
beautits by return mail.

THE RETURN MAIL STAMP CO.,

DUBUQUE, IOWA.

Relief Maps

FOR SCHOOLS
OF ALL GRADES

Sfstcmatic Collections

MINERALOGY, GEOLOGY, ZOOLOGY,
LANTERN SLIDES, ETC.

Washington School Collections.

Minerals, Rocks and Invertebrate Animals.

It is safe to say that no collections of equal excel-
lence have ever before been ottered in this country at
eo low a price ($a each). Send for circular.

EDWIN E. HOWELL,

12 mh St . N. \V., Washington, D. C.

If you have any num'ieiv or complete sets
of any old masraziiics, .S'lch as Nidologists,
■Ospreys, Oiiologist & O -nllhologisls and es-
pecially b.ick numI)ors of the one hundred
and one sm ill- ornithological publications is-
sued betweiMi 1S89 aad 1897, send us list at
once. We will aive good exchange for any
■old back numbers of papers devoted to nat-
ural science. Let us hear frnm you at once.
W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,

Albion, N. Y.

BOOKS AT A SACRIFICE.

We have arranged with a prominent Publishing Co.
of New Yoi k tn supply our readers, with some good
up to date books at a very low rate. Here is the list.

■ FAMOUS BOCKS BY FAMOUS AUTHORS.

In four groups, each a distinct style of literature.
Group A.— Five books that help to make the
world belter and wiser. These books will live forever.
They are today ref^ognized as being among the most
helpful and Instructive works ever written. Each is
the masterpit^ce of its respective author.

1 B-sid>i the Bonnie Brier Uusb. (182 pages.) By
Ian Maci.tren.

2 Black Beauty. I2t,5 pages.) By Anna Sewell.

3 Drummoud's Addresses. C-63 pages.) By Henry
Drummoud.

4 Ten N'ghts in a Bar Room. (1% pages.) By T. S.
Arthur.

.5 .«sop's Fables. (193 pages, 60 illustrations.)
Translated by Rev. G. F. Tuwnsend.

Group B.— By the recognized master of English
Romance. Each a classic literary gem.

1 The Cricket on the Hearth. (176 pages.) By
Charles Dickons.

2 Single Heart and Double Face. (157 pages.) By
Chariest Heade.

3 The Yellow Mask. (176 pages.) By Wilkie Col-
lins.

4 Mrs. Caudle's Curtain Lectures. (17o pages.) By
Douglas Jerrold.

0 Lady Grace. (197 pages.) By Mrs. Henry Wood,
author of '"East Lynn."

Group C. By the more modern school of authors.
Bright, ai tistic. up to date.

1 A Study in Scarlet. (176 pages.) By A. Conan
Doyle.

2 A Romance of Two Worlds. (211 pages) By
Marie Corelli.

3 Ideala. (192 pages.) By the author of '-The Heav-
enly Twins," Sarah Grand.

4 Treasure Island. (131 pages.) By Robert Louis
Stevenson.

5 Frivolous Cupid. (223 pages.) By Anthony Hope.
Group D.— By the most popular authors of that

literature kuown as "love stories." Bright, clean and
fascinating.

1 Wedded and Parted. (172 pages.) By Bertha M.
Clay.

2 The Octoroon. (216 pages.) By Miss M. E. Brad-
don.

3 Back ti the Old Home, (176 pages.) By Mary
Cecil Hay.

4 She's All the World to Me. <195 pages) By Hall
C.iine, •■

5 Love -Le'.ters of a Wordly Woman, (192 pages )
By Mr.*. Cimord.

All these books are complete and unabridged, are
printed in large clear type, and bound in white and
gold, (paper covers.) Size of book 4!4X,6i4 inches, such
as have beeu'usually sold at 2."i cents each.

Our Special Offer:— For 50c we will send you
one year's subscripiloB and any three books you may
select.

For SI. 00 we will send yoti a year's subscription' and
any eight books you may select.

For $' we w-i:l give you a year's subscription and the
entire,-list of 20 books, prepaid to any part of the U. S.
Canada or Msxicn.

The regular price of these books, all over the United
States is 2.)c. and only by getting them in immense
quantities are we able to mike this uuparalled offer.

Think "f it, for f2 OU yon can get a ye.ir's subscrip-
tion to 'he Museum and nearly 4,010 pages of good
read in c matter, from authors as Ian Miiclaren. Drum-
monn. Townseud, ■ Dickens, Read, Stevens, Hall.
Caine. tc. We have never been al)le to make such an
offer a - his t efore and hope to have your early orders.
Remit Id any way convenient. Stamps -accepted in
any am-'unt.

W VLTER F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

f^ /"X varieties of chn'co Kel'cs and Coins, 27 cents.
y" i 1 100 nice S. a Shells. 30c. Indian Axe, 27c.
A^\J Spade, 26-. Hoe. asc. War club head, 20o.
Drills, 10c. Knife. 7o. Price list of Relics. Books, etc.
free. Drawings of relics. 2c. "W. A. PERRV,

VVakeHeld, K. I.

THE MUSEUM.

'5

^£1x15. Ix. l\<icb, (Laxibcnnist,

and dealer in J^aturali^t^' Supplier, ^ook^,

Instruments, Birds Eggs, Minerals, Shells,

Curiosities and Mounted Specimens,

In large or small quantities for Schools, Colleges or Private Collections.

A FEW FALL OFFERS:

Wiiat 1 Dollar will bring you prepaid.

Offer No. 1 — First class birds eggs.
Herring Gull, 20c; Laughing Oull, 20c;
Koyal Tern. 40c; VVIiite Ibi.s, 35c; Alli-
gator, 20c; Sparrow Hawk, 20c; and 13
other varieties, our selection, all for $1,
postpaid.

Offer No 2 — 10 tine Indian Arrow
Points, $1. 10 tine mineral specimens,
T5c; opal, gold, silver, copper, iron and
lead ore, agate, gypsum geode crystals,
satin spar, all good size; and our"Start-
er Mineral Collection" of 24 specimens
for only ■$!, prepaid.

Offer No. 3— Fine showy shells, pair
of large angel wings, 7.'5; black murex,
50c; red murex, 50c; black ear shell. 15c
and 12 others such as chiton, owl,
conch, tulip, etc , for$l, prepaid.

Offer No. 4— Two nicely mounted
birds, our selection, value $1.25 each,
sent prepaid, $1.

Offer No. 5— Corals, brain, branch,
linger, worm, rose, red, pink; retail
price. $1.75, and our marine souvenir of
painting sea mosses and shells, prepaid
for$l.

Offer No. 6— Mineral ink well very
tine, covered with a large variety of
showy specimens, $1. Horse foot pen
holder and pen, carved paper cutter
with seal and holder, saw lish saw ther-
mometer, all for $1, prepaid.

For $5 you can have all six offers sent you by express at your expense.

MANUFACTURER OF

^Oval Convex Glass Wall Shades^

\\ ilh Flat Corners (patented).

A large stock of mounted birds under Convex Glass, framed for Fairs and Holi-
<lay Trade at very low prices, for nice work.

75 THOMAS ST., WORCESTER, MASS.
Send 4C for complete Illustrated Catalogue.

i6

THE MUSEUM.

No. 1 Rival Camera and Outfit.

Consisting of Camera Plate, PriutlQe Frame, Blue
Process Paper, Card Mount, Box of Hypo., Ruby
Lamp, Prner. bottle of dry Developer, book of in-
structions Price. 50c. Postage, 10c.

Rn'AL N(->. 3 same as above but better outfit with
time and instantineous shutter, ^l. Postage. l.")C.

■Miniature" Photograph Camera and OdtfiT.

This Camera has a Plate Holder and ground focuss-
ing glass, detached from the Camera. You can have
extra Plate Holders. The "Miniature" has a Genuine
Lens that will take pictures ecjual to much higher
priced cameras. The outfit consjbts of a prettily fin-
ished Camera with Genuine Lens, ground or focussing
glass in frame. Improved Plate Holder, Dry Plates.
Developer. Hypo, Toning Chemicals, Sensitized Paper,
Instructions, all packed in a Lent box. Price, com-
plete, Sl.UJ. Po.stiige, loc.

The "Perfect" Camera and Printing Outfit.

Price of the Perfect, including one Plate Holder and
Complete Developing and Printing Outat, SI. SO.
Express prepaid for l.'ic. Extra Plate Holders, 2.5c.
Write for catalogue, please mention name of paper-

FREDERICK L. SILVEY,

29 ROGERS AVE., BROOKLYN, N. Y.

The Angel's Whisper.

A most beautiful picture, size lf)x22. The original
painting, from which our reproduction has been made
IS hundreds of years old and of priceless value. Send
60 cents and we will mail in tube and send our paper
one year on trial. 24 papers.

THE EXCHAJ«GE PUBL,ISHI?«G CO.,
AXHOL, MASS.

Alaskan Birds
and Eggs.

The results of an eight mouth's collecting
trip among rare sea birds are now offered for
sale.

Not only birds, but fur and hair seal speci-
mens, a fine line of Siwash and Esquimaux
curios, and a complete series of views of the
famous Yukon Gold Fields.

Send for catalogue.

GEORGE G. CANTWELL,

JUNEAU ALASKA.

"WONDERS

will never cease," is an old saying; and
the

WONDERS

of Nature are never ceasing is an undisputed
fact. Do you wish to learn of these

WONDERS

and beauties of Nature? If so, subscribe for

§toric^ from jNjature

a monthly paper devoted to the Natural Sci-
ences. For young and old alike.

50 per year; single copies 5 cents.
THE NEWS PUBLISHING CO.,

DE LAND, FLA.

When anstvering advertisements al-
ways mention THE MUSEUM.

\

-XHB LIVING AGE-

^Mt^ii.

A WEEKLY MAGAZINE.

It gives more than three and a half tbousand double column
octavo pages of reading matter yearly, forming four large volumes.

It is issued every Saturday, and contains articles of popular and
standard interest.

It reproduces -without abridgfinent the ablest articles from the
leading British reviews, magazines and weekly literary and political
journals in every department of literature:

ART, SCIEI>iCE, POLITICS AND POETRV,

HISTOR.V, BIOGRAPHY AISD DISCOVERY,

THE BEST FICTIONS in short and serial stories.

Also Translations from the French, German, Russian, Spanish, Ital-
ian and other Continental sources.

TTMT, A TJm^n by the Addition of a Monthly Literary Supplement containing READINGS FROM AM-
Jjii^ JJAXtUljL/ ERICAN MAGAZINS, READINGS FROM NEW BOOKS, A LIST OF THE BOOKS OF

THE MONTH, giving an amount of reading unapproached by any other periodical in the world, of the most
valuable matter ot the day.

FREE FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE VEAR.

To all New Subscribers for year. )89S, remitting before January 1st, the weekly numbers ot 1897
Issued after the receipt 0/ their subscriptions will sent Free.

Published Weekly at $6 a year postpaid. Single copies 15 cents.

Address, THE LIVING AGE CO., P. O. 3206, BOSTON, BIASS.

fbPEiGN Periodical Literature

VOL. IV.

NO 2.

DECEMBER, 1897.

U^EU/H

A Journal Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

RA TES : — $1.00 per year to all countries, in advance. Single numbers, 10 cts.

Published on the 15th of each month by Museum Publishing Co. .Albion, N. Y.

THE MUSEUM

THB LIVINO AGB

A \VKEKI.V VIAGAZIM-;

It gives more than three aud a half tliousand douhle column
nrtavn pages of readint^ matter- yeaviy. foruiiut; funr large volumes.

It is Issued every Saturday, and coutaiiis artiiles of popular and
standard Interest.

It reproduces without abridgment the atile^t articles from the
leading Urittsh revi»-ws, magazines and weekly literary and ijolitical
journal.s in every department of literature:

ART, SCIB?(Ce. I»0«,1TICS AND rOKTRV,

HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY A?«I> DISCOVERV,

THE BEST FICTIOI>* in short ai;d serial storie.-..

A1.-.0 Translations from the Krench, German, Uiis.si.in. Spanish. Ital-
ian and other Continental .sou-ces.

I?\TT A T>/1T?lk bv the Addition of a M'mthlv Lit^rarv Supiil mert containing READINGS FROM AVI-
lilN JjAJCt\TX!i U ERICAN MAGAZI^S, READINGS FROM NEW BOOKS, A LIST OF THE BOOKS F

THE MONTH, giving an amouat or reading iinapproached Dy any other periodical iu tie w.irld. of the m.i.-t
valuable matter of the day.

FREE FOR THE REMAIKJOER OF THE VEAR.

To all New Subscribers for year, 1898, remitting before January 1st. the weekly numbers of 1897
Usued after (he receipt of their siihscript onu will sent Free.

Put>(l«taed 'W^eekly at $6 a year postpaid. Single copies 15 cents.

Address, THE UIVIISG AGE CO., F. O. 5206, BOSTO?4, MASS.

R)J?eignPeriodicalLiterature

No. I Rival Camera and Outfit.

Consisting of Camera Plate, Printing Frame. Blue
Process Paper, Card Mount. B"X of Hypo., Ruby
Lamp, Paper, bottle of dry Developer, look of in-
structions. Price, 50c Postage. 10c.

Rival No. 3 same as above but better ouitit with
lime and instantaneous shutter. *l Postaije. 15c.

•■Miniature" Photograph Camera and Outfit.

This Camera has a Plate Holder and grou'd focuss-
ing glass, detached from the Camera You can have
extra Plate Holders. The "Miniature"' has a (Genuine
Lens that will take pictures equ 1 to much higher
priced cameras. The outfit consists of a )>rettily fin.
ished Camera with Genuine Lens, ground or focussing
glass In frame. Improved Plate Holder, Dry Plates,
Developer, Hypo, Toning Chemici Is, Senslt'zed Patper.
Instructions all packed in a neat box. Price, com-
plete. SI. 00. Postage, 15c.

//mISTO PAPUD i

The "Perfect" Camera and Printing Outfit.

Price of the Perfect, including one Plate Holder and
Complete Developing and Printing Outfit, *1.50.
Express prepaid for 15c. Extra Plate Holders, 25c.
Write for catalogue, please mention name of paper-

FREDERICK L. SILVEY.

109 Nas,sau St.. New York.

The Angel's Whisper.

A most beautiful picture, size 16x22. The original
painting, from which our reproduction has been made
is hundreds of years old and of priceless value. Send
50 cents and we will mail in tul)e and send our paper
one year on trial. 24 paper-s.

XHK EXCHAI^GH PITBI^ISHING CO.,

ATHOl., lUASS.

GEO. G. CANTWELL,

JUNEAU, ALASKA,

Rare Alaskan, Birds'
Eggs and Indian Curios.

Just back troni an extensive
collecting trip aloii^ the coast

.')x8 views of llie jrolil ticuls Juneau. D.mm.
Skagaway. (^hilkal Pass, .Miii's i lu-oule ami
all points of iiilHPHSl altuousj ilie Yukon

50c each. $5.00 assorted dozen.

Send for pric^e list.

Reliel Maps

FOU SCHOOLS
OF ALL (iRAUE.s

Syslematic CoIlRcllniis

MINERALO(iY, (iE(")LO(iY, ZOOLOGY,
LANTF>RN SLIDES. ETC.

Washington School Collections.

Minerals, Rocks and Invertclirate A linials.

It is safe to say that no collections of equal excel-
lence have ever before been offered in this country at
so low a piice ($^ each). Send for circular

EDWIN E. HOWELL,

12 17th St , N. W.. Washington, D.C

When ansivcring advcrtiscnicnts al-
ways Dtcntion THE MUSEUM.

THE MUSEUM.

WANTS, EXCHANUES AND FOR SALES.

All notu-ps that couie under above will be inserted in this department until further notice
atone (1) oont a word. No notice loss than 35c. Terms Cash with crder. No charge for
address. I shall at all times endeavor to keep parties, whose reputation is of a doubtful char-
acter from \i-ing these columns.

1 AXIUKUMIST Instruments for sale
Write and SCO what .^ou (!t-l for $1 bill Ad
drefs I'AUL B. SMITH. Kast Cleveland O

FOR SALK:— Kxtra tine Yucan Pincushions
8. 12. Hi ard '."J cts. each. Redwood Uark
Pincushion "JO and "i.'icts each. A nice Christ-
mas present. CLAL'DK R. COLLIER. 148
Conkiin Ave.. Binghamton, N. Y.

EXCHANGE:— I want Southern and West
ern bird skins, land and fresh water shells.
Will (jive in exchange books, viz: Volurais
of Pacific Railroad Explorations and Surveys,
'Our Common Birds" by (Jrant. "Natural
History Birds" Jones. "Annual of Science for
1873" Spencer F. Baird, "Annual of Scientilic
Discovery for 187,5" Davi.l A. Wells. PAUL
B. SMITH, East Cleveland, O.

WANTPM):— A Clarionet Guitar, good Col-
lectinj? Gun and small Camera, pocket kodak
preferred. Will give good value in scientilic
shells. FREU H ANURUS, Elkton, Oregon.

WANTED:— Mound and Cliff Pottery,
whole and in fraeraents. aUo stone relics. A.
H. GOTTSCHALL 250 Hummel St, Harris-
burg, Penn.

WANTED: Indian relics for cash, or in
exchange for fossils, minerals, coins, stamps
Correspondence solicited. 0 varieties fossils
or 1.") varieties entire postals 'inc. postpaid.
DB W. O. EMERY, Crawfordsviile. Ind. 2tD

FOR SALE CHEAP-Skins of Goshawk,
Snowy Owl, Evening and Pine Grosbeaks, Les-
ser, (ireater and Hoary Redpolls, Bohemian
Waxwing and many others. All are first class
and new skins. Address J.N. CLARK. Meri-
dian, Dunn Co., Wis,

"CALIFORNIA WILD FLOWERS," n
booklet of pressed Howers, line, 50c.; Chin
ese horn-nuts per 3. 5c ; cheaper in larger
ijuantities. California .lea shells and miner
als for sale. FRANK W. SMITH, Box .V>3,
Redlands. Calif.

FRESH SKINS for SALE:-Snowv Owls,
$2 00 to J.J 00; Great Hnrneil Owls, $1.50 to
!i'2.00; Prairie Sharp-tailed Grouse, Prairie
Hen, Evening Grosbeak, Pine Grosbeak and
others Send orders CHRIS P. FORGE,
Carman, Monitoba.

CAMERAS. 3»x2i, 8tx4}, 6ix8i, old books
(1702), magazines, etc., to exchange for In
dian relics, old coins or good pair of tield
glasses. L V. CASE. Naples, N. Y.

I HAVE Illinois Fossils, Shells and Insects
for sale or oxch:inge; also a second luud sew-
ing machine, the Howe, in g( od entidition.
Write soon. FRANK A. COX, Nunda. Ills

MONOGRAMS.-The whole set of Prince-
ton Univeisity monograms and (lags for 20
cents Twelve monogranu. Hag-), etc., Law-
rencevilli" School, an ex(|uisile set for 25cts.
DONALD DE V\ ITT. Lawrenceville, Mercer
Co, N. J.

ATTENTION :-Send sets eggs (Hrstclass)
shells or curios to amount Sl.'.O and receive
1 package K & P preservative in return.
KERR & PERHAM, Blencoe, Iowa.

WANTED;— Sinsrle of 375 and others Can
offer in exchange 676, 289 and Ring Pheasant.
All letters answered. WM. B. CRISPEN,
Salem, N. J.

WANTED:-U. S. Butterllies and Moths
and live Cocoons for cash or good exchange
in U. S. and Europeon Lepidoptera. CHAS.
SCHLIEl'ER, 601 Christiana Ave , Chicago.
111. 2toD

NOTE our advertisement of "Our Com-
mon Birds" elsewhere in this number. It is
worth the small price asked for it.

COLLECTORS:— We will send you the
Mi'SEU.M and Herri alion both for 1 year for
$1.00 or the Museum and Cosin >polUa>i oae
year for -$1.25. W.F.WEBB, Mgr.. Albion,
ISf Y.

WANTED;— Davie's Taxidermy for which
I will exchange a new microscope, French,
in lincca.se, cost $6 00, power 125 diameters;
or will exchange mounted birds or skins.
ARTHUR DONELLY, Davisville, R. L

TO EXCHAEGE:— Flint-lock (Jun, Ritle,
Indian Hones. Revolution Bayonetto, 221b.
Bike, Job Printing, Ailv. space. Shells, etc.
Want books, anything for collection, second
hand printing material. A. E. BENNEIT,
Hubbardsville, Mass.

EUREKA Springs Onyx Jewelry, Fossils
and Minerals of Arkansas to exchange for
other curiosities Send list and whit vou
want. Addre.'s L R. WEBER, Eureka
Springs, Ark.

FOR SALE or exchange:— Helix tidelis.
marine shells and curiosities. Send list of
exchanges. All letters answered. MRS. M.
J. McHEFFREY Birch Bav. Wash. Stn

i8

THE MUSEUM.

MERMAID CRADLES (Chitons) Irom Ven-
tura 15c , Scorpion mounted in box 30c.,
Trapdoor Spider, same, 35c., Orange Wood
Plaque, polished, 15c. Other California cur-
ios tor sale. FRANK W. SMITH, box 563,
Redlands, Calif.

Is the MnsEUM a good medium for Ex-
changes? Look at this. Mr. J J. Carroll
of Texas writes: "As a result of the little
exchange note in jour magazine I have se-
cured sets from every state, Alaska, Bahamas,
Mexico and England and received applica-
tions for eggs long after my stock ef eggs
was exhausted " We get letters like this fre-
quently, and it only goes to show how the
MusEOM is received. You simply send us
your notice, with stamps at lo a word, and
see what the result will be. You won't often
get disappointed.

FOR SALE, Arrow-head Scarf Pin mount-
ed in rolled gold 50o., and in silver 753. each;
also a lot of verysmall Bird Points. Want
Minerals. Curiosities and Indian Relics.
€HAS. R. HES TON, Sidney, O. 2tD

RECREATION:— Subscription $1.00 per
year. Send me your subscription and re-
ceive in addition seven varieties scientific
shells, 50 specimens. Remit by Postal Money
Order. FRED H. ANDRUS, Elkton, Oregon.

WILL EXCHANGE OR SELL:-Fiue cabi-
net specimens (10c. each) Gypsum, Cone Tufa,
Petritied Wood, Coffee Beans in pod, Blue,
Gray or Crinoidal Limestone, Fossil and
Crystalized Shells (variety) Coral, Crinoid
Stems, Flint and liint chippings from old In-
dian camps lassovtment for lOc). All local.
Larger specimens and quantities if desired.
WALTER W. SHELLEY, El Dorado, Butler
Co., Kans.

AUKS FOR SALE:— We have the following
volumes of the Auk for sale at EOc. a number
nv $3 00 a volume, also lots of odd numbers,
Vols, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. 13. Also have
complete volumes and odd numbers of over
100 other publications on Natural History
mostly Ornithological. W.F.WEBB, Mgr.,
Albion, N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE:-Helix albolabris minor
50, Helix appressa 1G4, Helix clansa 10, Helix
inllecta 225, Helix mondon 150, Helix plicata
HO Helix stenotrema 50 Helix thyroides 10,
Helix profunda 15, Helix tridentata 18, /on-
ites arborea 50, Pupa armiliria and other land
and fresh water shells for Helixes not in my
collection. Correspondence solicited. Ail
letters answered. R. D. G033, Box 101, New
Sharon, Iowa.

FOR SALE:— Extra large finely mounted
Tarantulas GOcts., Scorpions 50cts., Trap-
door Spiders SOots., Trap-door Spiders' Nests
in Redwood Pails SOcts. CLAUDE R. COL
LIER, 148 Conklin Ave , BinghamtoD, N. Y.

BACK NOS. WANTED of papers and mag-
azines. Send list. I offer in exchange liooks,
cameras and cash. CHAS. H. FINNE. box
280, Little Rock, Arkansas. 2tn

WANTED:— Relics of all kinds, Indian,
war, etc , petrified wood and showy minerals
suitable for polishing. Fine fo?'-ils and ma-
line shells, U. S. stamps and .'• i. ntitic book
in exchange for polished or vr\\t d minerals,
viz: landscape marble, Mexi .ii onyx, green
opaline, black "cone in coni .'' Hamilton fos-
sils, land, fresh wal' r ;<uil in irine shells and
First class lapidary « ork. Enquirers please
inclose stamp for reply. JOHN G. BUXTON,
Steam Lapidary Works, Milo Centre, N. Y.

2tn

ALCOHOLIC SPECIMENS cheap, prepaid,
by mail. J'ubulaiia 20c , campanularia 20c..
endendrium 20c , injected arm of starfish
showing canals 25c , sea cucumber 25c., thy-
one or holothuriau 30c., sea worm 20c., scaly
worm 20c., tine squid 50c , goose barnacle
20c., acorn barnacle 20c.. hermit crab 25c.,
rock crab 18c., fiddler crab 20c.,
shrimp 20c , crawfish I5e, tine liz-
ard 50c., tree toad 30c. , salamander large 50c.,
Florida frog 40c , many others. The above
20 fine specimans, all in separate veals or jars
prepaid, to one address for $4 00. Special
rates to teachers. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Al-
bion, N. Y.

HAS anyone a set of Black Tern to exchange
blown with "small" holes. I have never seen
any and would be glad to secure such a set at
double catalogue rates in exchange. J. N.
CLARK, Saybrook, Conn. 2ta

SPLENDID MINERALS of wonderful
beauty and brilliance constantly on hand at
lowest prices. Many recent arrivals are gor-
geous beyond comparison, and some of the
choicest samples are better than before offer-
ed for sale. If you want ^'(^c minerals it will
pay you to write me. ARTHUR N. FULLER,
Lawrence Kans. 6ta

FOR a Li. S. dime dated prior to 1890 I will
send prepaid a specimen of quartz from the
Klondike. Guaranteed genuine. These make
unique specimens for vour cabinet. Stamps
bought and sold. WILLARD B. DOBBINS.
Lock Box 23, Barnesville, Ohio. 2tn

4 VARIETIES of U. S. fractional currency
37c., 100 large fine sea shells 80c., 20 fine
minerals 50c., 30 fine curiosities 27c., 10
choice Indian relics 37c. ,10 mounted sea moss
7c., Indian tomahawk 37c , 12 varieties;fossils
75c ,12 rare coins 30c. W. A. PERRY, Wake-
field, R. I.

WANTED for CASH:— Fisher's "Hawks
and Owls," second hand if in good condition.
Address GOTTLIEB BESSNER, Hastings,
Mich.

WILL EXCHANGE I Opal Ring solid gold
worth $1.50, one worth $3.00, one $5.00, one
cluster opal centre circle 10 rose diamonds
worth $16.00 for best ofl'ers in cash, U. S.
coins, antii|ue furniture, porcelain or pewter
ware. ROBERT BURNHAM, 143 Gallup St.,
Providence, R I.

INDIAN RELICS:— Price list free.
GRUrZMACHER, Mukwonago, Wis.

A. D.

THE MUSEUM

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

Vol. IV

ALBION, N. Y., DECEMBER 15, 1897.

No.

Two New Zealand Parrots.

Read before a meeting of the Bio-
logical Section of the Canadian In-
stitute, November 8. 1897.

Before giving a description of the
two birds which I have to show you
it ma\' be interesting to give a short
description of the country, the home
of the two Parrots. New Zealand
consists of two large islands divided
only by a strait (called Cook's) eigh-
teen miles in width. The North and
South Islands average 160 miles in
breadth —the Northern one has an
area of about three-quarters that of
England and Wales and the Southern
one is equal in area to that of Eng-
land and Wales together. The moun ■
tains occupy one-tenth of the surface
of the Northern Island and are cov-
ered with dense forest. One of these
mountains runs to a height of 9100
feet. The Southern Island mountains
occupy about four-fifths of its sur-
face, but the greater part of these are
open and well grassed. One of these
mountains runs to the height of 12349
feet. The temperature of New Zea-
land resembles very much that of
Great Britian. New Zealand is sin-
gular in the absence of all indigeneous
land animals, excepting two small
kinds of bat and the rat which has al-
ready disappeared and the native dog
is supposed to have been introduced
by the natives on their original migra-
tion. New Zealand is also remark-
able for its wingless birds, living and
e.xtinct. One was the Gigantic Moa
but this bird has been long extinct.
Colonists had to stock the Islands with
ail kinds of domestic, also with game
and small birds. Out of the sixty-four
million acres of area of the two islands
twelve million acres are covered by
forest and there are one thousand spe-
cies of flowering plants on them.

The specimens I now have the pleas-
ure of drawing your attention to was
sent to me from Austria through the
kindness of Mr. Harry Giddings a per-
sonal friend of my own who resided
for many years there. He was for-
merly a resident of Toronto.

It is a Kea {Nestor notabilis). The
genus Nestor embraces live species.
According to Mr. F. H. Knowlton of
the Smithsonian Institute, three of
these are now extinct. The Kea is
the larger of the two left; the length is
19 inches, the bill being nearly two
inches, which is compressed you will
notice and longer than deep. In Cas-
sell's work they are called the Nose
Cockatoos. Their home is in the is-
land of New Zealand only and they
seem to live in the interior and more
in the mountainous sections rather
than in the neighborhood of the sea
coast. They make their nests in holes
in the trees and sometimes on the
ground among the rocks and lay four
eggs. Their food some years ago con-
sisted of corn, seeds and bulbs of the
orchids, the bill being peculiarly long
and curiously shaped enables them to
dig the latter up. Now the bird has
changed its food and lives as reported
by Sir W. Bullen exclusively on ilesh.
It is supposed that the scarcity of food
in the winter season drove them to
the lower land where the raising of
sheep was so extensively carried on
and where they succeeded in getting
the offal and heads of the animals
thrown from the slaughter houses. The
taste for animal food thus acquired,
changed their entire mode of living
and for some years past they have be-
come almost entirely carnivorous.

In this way they have become a
very destructive and annoying bird and
have started to kill sheep for them-

THE MUSEUM.

selves by hunting together and in
flocks. Two or three of them will
light at a time on the back of a poor
beast and tear with their formidable
bills until they reach the fat surround-
ing the kindeys, destroying the poor
animal, the fat they seem so eager to
obtain.

The Kea, as may be supposed, is
diminishing greatly in numbers every
year for the inhabitants of ihe island
carry on an incessant warfare against
them for the protection of their flocks
and it will riot likely be very long be-
fore the bird is finally exterminated.

Mr. Ivnowlton, whom I before nam-
ed, is authority for the statement that
Salvadoric, who during last year mon-
ographed the group, states that there
are about five hundred species of Par-
rots, belonging to seventy-nine genera
at present known. Even though em-
bracing so many variaties and making
such an interesting and pleasing study,
the bird we name has attracted prob-
ably most attention from its very pe-
culiar habits as before explained.

The other species of the Parrot fam-
ily you now see before you is called
the Kakapo or Night Parrot and is
said by Cassells to be considered the
type of a peculiar race. Its whole ap-
pearance would certainly lead one to
agree with so good an authority. Its
scientific name is Strigops — Owl-faced
— a name we can readily see is well
chosen. The structure of the foot is
entirely different to that of the Owl.

You will notice that the body is
covered with fine, soft feathers and
has a kind of veil about the face —
wings short, tail long, rounded beak
bent like that of the Owl and partially
covered with bristles like feathers.
The general color is dark green. The
breed was confined to New Zealand.
It was at one time rather abundant in
the remote Alpine valleys of the south-
ern island. In the northern portion
none have been found for many years,
and the opinion is expressed that few,
if any, living ones are now anywhere
to be had. The dry cliffs and low

grounds near the banks of wooded riv-
ers and high trees almost free from
ferns or bushes, are where they are
found, and when pursued will not
make use of their wings but run swift-
ly off to some hiding place. Its move-
ments resemble those of the barnyard
fowl.

In Cassells', Lyall is mentioned as
seeing the bird in some hills four
thousand feet above the level of the
sea. He found it on open spots near
the river mouth not far from the coast.
At the time of his writing on the sub-
ject, another writer named Haast said
it was a most striking fact that the
Kakapo was never found east of the
mountains except in the valley of the
Makavora formed by Lake Wanaka.
These birds live in holes under the
roots of large trees and in cavities and
overhanging rocks. The first named
writer — Lyall — said he found tracks
about a foot wide and very regularly
worn into the ground, made by the
Kakapo, which he at first thought
were made by the natives. Such
tracks would be like our Indian trails
of years ago.

The species is almost nocturnal in
its habits and thus in that respect
again resembles the Owl. Its cry is a
hoarse croak. The food consisted of
roots, leaves and delicate shoots of
plants, berries and moss; also buds of
leguminous plants. It was a great
eater of innutritions food which ac-
counts for its liking for living on the
ground. The eggs were laid toward
the end of February and never ex-
ceeded two in number to a nest usual-
ly only one. The bird only scratched
a shallow cavity in the dry moss or
decayed wood for its nest. The egg
is pure white and only about the size
of a pigeon's. The birds were easily
treed and would follow their captors
like a dog.

J. Maughan,

Toronto.

THE MUSEUM.

21

DAMON'S MOUND.

A Lonely Mound in Southern

Texas and Some of its

Peculiarities.

All readers are more or less acquaint-
ed with the mounds of Ohio and cir-
cumjacent states and all have to a
greater or less degree been regaled
with lengthy surmises as to the origin
and also the cause and manner of the
construction of these monuments to
the skill, energy and enterprise of a
truly pre-historic race. Nearly every
one who has traveled much in that
section of the world, has inspected one
or more of these mounds and is posess-
ed of his own theory in regard to those
who erected them.

The sight of a hill or a small moun-
tain does not generally arouse much
curiosity in the mind of the beholder.
Many of us have been regaled by views
of the wild wierd scenery of the rugged
Rockies and also by travels among the
less rugged but equally beautiful Alle-
ghanies and Blue Ridges.

We have read, ever since we could
read, many of the countless books,
pamphlets and wearying newspaper
and magazine articles in regard to the
mounds and mound-builders of some
of the Mississippi valley states. Even
in youth our minds were fairly well
Mled with varied conjectures in regard
: ) the social condition of these mound-
builders and also the manner and the
a use of construction of these now
[)parently useless heaps of earth.

Then we reached forth in a hopeful
endeavor to solve the deep mystery
over-hanging the construction of these
untranslatable pages of history and to
throw light upon the unknown lives of
the builders and makers of these pag-
es; but our efforts have so completely
overwhelmed us with theories and sup-
positions that we are now actually be-
wildered by the multitude of our evi-
dences.

While the mounds abounding in all
the states located in the great basin of
the United States have frequently been
visited and also honored with lengthy

flowery descriptions, the mounds of
Texas have so far been totally ignored.
Few people, even in the immediate
vicinit)' of this mound have ever given
the subject any serious thought and
few people outside of the state have
ever heard of the existence of this relic
of a long gone race.

The travelers over the limitless prai-
ries of southern Texas are burdened
with curiosity as they see in the hazy
distance a dark object piercing the hor-
izon. They cannot see it clearly
enough to distinguished what it is biit
at the same time the view is sufficient-
ly accurate for them to know that it
is not a cloud. Their speed is per-
ceptibly accelerated and could we be
near enough to hear their surmises in
regard to the unknown object they
would no doubt make interesting read-
ing matter. After an hour's journey-
ing toward it they are near enough to
see that it is a mound of earth majes-
tically careering heavenward. After
another hour's travel and after cross-
ing the winding Brazoo they find them-
selves at the base of this object of
wonder.

Arrived there it requires only a mo-
ment for the eye of the experienced
traveler to make sufficient examination
to be confident that it is another page
in the voluminous history of the pre-
historic peoples

This mound is situated down in the
southeast corner of Fort Bend county,
twenty-five miles from Richmond, and
near the line of Brazoria county. It
has a circular base covering more than
four acres of ground and its cylindri-
cal body reachest an altitude of more
than two hundred feet. From, its
summit the Gulf of Mexico is plainly
visible and the sullen roar of the crash-
ing breakers strikes upon the ear with
regular cadences.

It is situated in the midst of a sec-
tion of a monotonously level prairie
country and stands forth a silent senti-
nel for all the adjacent lowlands. This
mound rises abrubtly from the prairie
and the line where the prairie ceases

22

THE MUSEUM.

and the mound commences is so clear-
ly marked as to lead one to believe
that, were the strength available, it
had been taken up from some other
section of the country and placed
where it now stands.

The origin of this mound is vieled in
deep and impenetrable mystery. There
are no excavations in the vicinity to
.show whence the material for the con-
struction of the mound was obtained;
and even if there were the earth com-
posing the mound is unlike that con-
stituting the surrounding prairie.

On account of the resemblance be-
tween the earth in the mound and that
in the bed of the river some of the
Settlers have advanced the theory that
it was made of earth taken therefrom.
To strengthen this theory they claim
that the river, where it runs near the
mound, is much deeper than anywhere
else along its entire course.

Others claim that where excavations
into the sides of the mound are made
the earth therein shows that it was
built of the sundried bricks which the
Mexicans have always used as a build-
ing material.

If this mounds was ever used as a
fortress or a place of burial or any-
thing else of that kind all traces of the
openings into the sides of the mound
have been totally obliterated. There
remains no record of any relics found
thereabouts and no deep excations
have ever been made into the mound.
Its contents still lie buried with in its
unexplored vaults.

The entire sides of this mound from
peak to base are perennially clothed
with a vegetation possessing a color
peculiarly its own. The verdure sel-
dom fades from the grass on the sur-
rounding prairies but the grass on the
sides of the mound is painted a darker
green; closely resembling, the color of
young corn growing in the alluvial soil
sections of Tennessee. The color is
so rich as deep as actually have a
glossy appearance.

In an earlier day a small spring
bubbled forth from the very top of the

mound, and even now the trench
worn in the side of the mound by the
water from this spring is clearly visible
although the water ceased to flow
from the top many years ago.

At the present time a stream gush-
es forth from the side of the mound.
This stream is not very large, but it
is constant. The source, where this
stream receives its supply, is a nice
question for some scientist to eluci-
date. When we remember that the
mound is more than one hundred feet
higher than any of the adjacent terri-
tory, and when we also remember
that it requires some extraneous force
to raise water above its own level, we
are indeed puzzled at this phenome-
non. Does some unknown and im-
perceived action of the gulf or gulf
stream produce this state of affairs.'

The soil of which this mound is
composed evidently contains some
kind of mineral. A chemical analysis
would doubtless divulge some mterest-
ing facts in regard to its composition.
Opinions differ and in all likelihood will
continue to differ in regard to the mer-
its or demerits of this soil and water
as a curative power for man and beast.

Some claim, that should a person
take a small portion of the earth of
this mound after it had been moistened
by the water from the tiny spring and,
after dissolving it in water, drink the
solution, the effect produced would be
exactly the same as if the person had
taken a dose of calomel. Many people
of that section used it for the same
purpose for which other people use
calomel. Many of the residents of
that and adjacent counties kept bits of
this spring — moistened earth — in their
houses and these bits are highly prized
by these people. Some of them
claim that it is efficient and never-
failing in its action on the spleen; oth-
ers, that it is practically a remover of
all malarial troubles.

In an early day much of the water
from this spring was bottled and taken
to Richmond, Texana and other neigh-
boring burgs where a ready sale was

THE MUSEUM

25

found for it. The Nassonite and oth-
er wandcriiii:; tribes of Indians used to
keep it with them ail the time and
also to make regular visits to this
mound for the benefits which they
were able to derive from using the
fresh waters of this spring. From
these tribes the earlier settlers leaned
the medical qualities and so its use has
been perpetuated unto the present
time. The origin of the name of this
mound is as much a curiosity as the
mound itself is a mjstery. Neither
its name nor its fame have gone ver\'
far from home jet, but where\er
known it is spoken of as Damon's
Mound. The "oldest inhabitant" first
knew it by this name.

H. M. Brown.

Indiana Notes.

(iv.)

AN AIK)RIC.1NAL VILLAGE SITE.

The different grades of aboriginal
intelligence that is brought to light
within a radius of a do/en miles, is
very astonishing. Various localities
produce different forms of implements,
but the finding of an Indian village site
that was inhabited up to a reasonable
late date, tho' judging by the rude flint
implements they left behind, one would
infer that they were made by a people
possessing very little skill in the manu-
facture of flint implements, is very
strange to me when we consider the
lateness of the habitation of the vil-
lage grounds. And then the old village
site lies within a locality noted for- its
fine aieliiieologieal specimens.

The village site J refer to is situated
in the bottom lands of the beautiful
White Water \'alley in Franklin coun-
ty, about two miles below the little
town of Laurel. The White Water
River running north and south divides
the village grounds into two parts.
That on the east side is of a rolling
nature until it reaches some hills of a
more steep ascent, while to the west a
high bank overlooks the river and back
of this the village was nestled under a

hill of great height for this part of the
state. From the top of this hill a
splendid view of the surrounding coun-
try can be had, and wa.-^, I suppose,
used for a signal station, as a number
of other heights were used for such
purposes.

Great numbers of "relics" have been
found on the village grounds, but the
only specimens found by my compan-
ion i^Fred Kurtz}, and myself, were a
lot of arrow-heads, spear-heads, scrap-
ers and one broken drill. The leaf-
shape implement predominated over
all other patterns and it is surprising to
note what little labor was spent on
some specimens to attain the desired
shape. Only one notched arrow-head
was found by us and it being of a
bluish color leads me to believe that it
is foreign to this locality, as the great-
er portion of the "relics" are vvhiteish
in color. About two miles south-west
of the old village grounds are what is
known as the Derbyshire Falls, and in
the vicinity of these lovely productions
of Nature, I saw flint rock of the same
color as the implements mentioned
above, and I believe the aborigines
obtained the material for their weap-
ons at this place. As to where their
shop was, I cannot say, for there is no
evidence that the rock was worked to
any great e.Ktent on the village
grounds. Future investigation may
bring in to light.

Nearly all the flint implements are
very thick and vary from i \ inches to
4 inches long. One long "splinter" of
flint shows signs of use — used as a
drill :?i.

We were not fortunate enough to
find an ax but I bought one (for locts. )
a fine specimen, also a slate gorget at
the same price. Both specimens were
found on the village site but they show
far more skill of workmanship than
the flint implements do. Other a.xes,
etc., showing great skill /// that line
have been found, but the question is,
why was such little care taken with
Xhe flint implements in that one local-
ity when for miles around, in all

24

THE MUSEUM

directions, implements of delicate
workmanship occur in more or less
abundance? Can it be that the work-
man was a novice in that branch of
industry? Allen Jesse Reynolds.
Connersville, Ind.

Wild Pigeons in Nebraska

A recent report from Nebraska states
that a flock of from seventy-five to
one hundred wild, or passenger, pigeons
had been seen in that State. This will be
interesting news to those who remember
the birds when they flew in countless
thousands like dark rivers, across the
sky during the spring migrations.
Some grizzled old trappers, who regu-
larly followed the flight of pigeons and
netted them by thousands per week have
for years gone on hoping against hope
that the flight of pigeons had merely
been diverted from the old routes, and
that the birds would some day reappear
in all their former numbers. This idea
of course is erroneous; the pigeons are
not haunting inaccessible sections of the
country, they have been destroyed.
During the early autumn of '87 I shot a
lone pigeon, a male of that year, near the
city of Eau Claire, Wis., and a few days
later I saw a flock of perhaps twenty-
five birds flying low near where I had
shot the single one. In March, 1894,
while traveling by train near London,
Ont., I saw four pigeons fly east. The
day was very mild, with a warm rain
falling, and the pigeons passed in plain
view. It was just the sort of day we used
to deem the best for pigeons in the long
ago when one gun could bag more birds
than a man could carry. — Ed. W.

Sandys, in November Outing.

Mr. W. S. Townsend, of Perry Ok-
lahoma, reports that last June a farm-
er living 12 miles east of the town,
caught with steel traps a pair of Albino
Turkey Vultures. Both were taken
the same day and were undoubtedly
mates. The female, fl should judge by
her si2e) has a few black feathers on
her wings and back. They are now
owned by a second-hand dealer of this
city. Wild Pigeons are still quite com-
mon in parts of Indian Territorty.

THE MUSEUM.

A Monthly Magazine devoted to Ornithology,

Oology, MoUusca, Echinodermata,

Mineralogy and Allied

Sciences.

Walter F. Webb, Editor and Manager
Albion, N. Y.

Correspondence and items of interest on above top-
ics, as well as notes on the various Museums of the
World— views from same, discoveries relative to the
handling and keeping of Natural History material,
descriptive habits of various species, are solicited
from all.

Make articles as brief as possible and as free from
technical terms as the subjects will allow. All letters
will be promptly answered.

TERMP OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Single Subscription 81.00 per annum

Sample Copies lOceach

ADVERTISING RATES.

5 cents per Nonpareil line each insertion. Twelve
lines to the inch.

Cash must accompany all orders.

Remittances should be made by Draft, Express or
Post Office Order or Registered Letter.

Unused U. S. Postage Stamps of any denomination
accepted for small amounts.

MUSEUM PUB. CO.,

ALBION, ORLEANS CO., N. Y.

Entered at Albion post-office as second-class mail matter

Notes.

We are promised a fine article from
the pen of our friend, Mr. Van Epps
for our January number. Many of
our subscribers remember the series of
articles on the Mohawk Country
contributed to the Museum a year or
so ago. This time we shall hear
about an interesting cave in Central
New York.

"Sketches of Some Common Birds"
by P. M. Silloway is at hand. This
is a neat volume of goo pages on the
bird life of the Mississippi Valley.
Most ornithologists are familiar with
the writings of Prof. Silloway on bird
life and will welcome this volume with
delight. The notes have been collect-
ed from a great many years of close
study, and teem with interest through-
out. The price, $1.50, is so nominal
all collectors should possess a copy.

We call your attention to the fact
that we have at considerable expense

THE MUSEUM.

25

prepared a catalogue of illustrations
of many of the finer showy shells.
This list will figure nearly 200 species
and we trust will be found handy to
shell collectors both in identifying
shells and in bringing to their notice
pictures of many rare and desirable
species. It will be ready about the
time subscribers get this copy of the
MrsEi'M, and a copy will be sent to
any one notifying us with a 2ct. stamp
enclosed. .-\s we have recently come
into possession of a very fine and rare
collectiou of nearly 20,000 shells
which will be broken up and sold in as
small lots as desired, we shall be able
to supply our friends with nearly all
shells illustrated in the list at nominal
prices.

Among the Alaska Siwash.

Of the various parts of the globe
that delight the curio hunter, Alaska
in our own country can offer a fine
field in the way of curiosities and im-
plements of a little known race of peo-
ple, the Siwash Indians.

Now that the eyes of the world are
turned on Alaska, it is well to remem-
ber that "all that glitters is not gold,"
for to the eyes of some, the sight of an
old and battered implement of other
days has a fascination equal to the
spell that the yellow metal has for the
prospector.

In many of the low flat houses along
the beach are found queer carved
boxes that contain their "iktas". A
preserved collection of family heir-
looms that have been handed down
from generation to generation, each
with histories. When one hears their
queer designs translated, the)' imagine
their ancient owners were a very gifted
and wonderful people. Many relics
they refuse to part with, others can be
bought if you have the price and many
of the modern articles are openly of-
fered for sale.

The old rirticles represent ivory and
stone dishes, spear heads, and various
ornaments. The designs carved on
their surface represent various crea-

tures but idealized to such an e.xtent
as to be hardly recognizable. Other
old pieces may be of stone fashioned
into pipes, axes and fleshers, often in-
laid with abaloney shells. Other thin,
shale-like pieces of rock of uniform
size, having odd designs on the sur-
face and a hole or two near the edge
are said to once have been the cur-
rency among the people.

The various paraphanalia of the old
medicine men is now rapidly becom-
ing very scarce, their practice being no
longer tolerated among the more ad-
vanced tribes. His ingeniously carved

cssE^;^

rattles are now rarely seen — hollow
affairs, grotesquely decorated, that
were believed to keep off the devil.
About all they wore on their "visits"
to the sick is a necklace of human
bones that arc sometimes found in the
dead houses where these special peo-
ple of the tribe were buried. The
various articles formerly used in their

26

THE MUSEUM.

dances are also passing out of use, as
the Chilkat blankets of mountain goat
wool, robes of eagle down, and queer
ornaments made of feathers, fur, bird
bills, animal teeth, etc., and fancy
carved sticks and poles illumated in
fancy colors.

More modern things in daily use to-
day are spoons made from the horn of
the mountain sheep and white goat
with elaborately carved handles of
different shapes. They weave beauti-
ful baskets from grasses and roots,
making rain-proof hats and serviceable
mats from the same material. In the
matter of making minature models of
their canoes, grave images and famous
toten poles, they are very expert and
their handiwork is much sought for.

Late years has witnessed a rapid
change in the Siwash. The original
savage and his belongings are fast fad-
ing before the march of civilization to
give place to the coming generation
that wear store clothes instead of furs,
gets drunk on whisky instead of "hoo-
chinoo" and packs a six-shooter in-
stead of a whalebone bow.

Geo. F. Cantwell,

Juneau, Alaska.

The Prairie Horned Larl^ in Ne-
braska.

This species with the exception of the
Little Englishmen is our most abund-
ant resident species, although some
years it is not nearly so plentiful as
others. As south-west Nebraska is
very changeable in regard to winter it
makes a considerable amount of differ-
ence as to the numbers of these hardy
"Larks" that stay with us. Our cold-
est winters seem to be when this bird
is the most plentiful.

The winter of '93 was a very mild
season there being only two hard
storms, and during this winter I be-
lieve the Prairie Horned Lark could be
termed very rare, but, however, the
next winter, '94 was one of our hard-
est winters, and then it was that this
species was with us in countless num-
bers.

On the mornings of cold days that
winter I have seen flocks that would
no doubt number into the thousands,
but as the day would advance they
seemed to disband into smaller flocks
to feed, in the barn-yards, along road
sides and on stacks, but towards even-
ing they would band together again
and seem very restless, at this time
they were killed by the local sports-
men in countless numbers. One young
would-be-sportsman here boasts on
the number of fifty six that he secured
at one shot during February in '94.
But I am glad to say that now it is
rather going out of date to hunt for our
little friend. ;y. .« ,. ■ _

One cold March morning in '94 I
found five of these hardy fellows lying
in a straight line frozen. I could not
make out the cause until I had seen
the clothes line which was about six
feet high. Perhaps a large fiock had
gone by and these were the ones that
"struck" and were stuned and so froze
to death. Many times have I brought
this bird into the house half frozen and
starved, but after warming and a good
feed they were as lively as a cricket
and ready to join their companions in
a few hours. I once kept two males,
Tom and Jerry, for about six weeks.
They became very tame and would
come to their call.

In April these birds are at their
highest .plumage, then the males are
singing at their best and they can be
seen along the roadway or on posts
crouched as if ready to fly, warbling
away, and always ending their song
with a chromatic run for about one
octave, then they give their wings to
flight, circle around a few times and
nearly always coming back to the same
place, if not disturbed.

I have never known but I think
these birds pair off at all times during
the year, or that is during their nest-
ing season which to them is fully half
of the year. I have seen nests with
young as early as March 2d and as late
as July 20th, but very much earlier
dates have been recorded.

THE MUSEUM.

Their fust set is nearly always situ-
ated on the southern slopes of hills or
in warm gulches where the snow, if
any, is off the ground first. I have
seen young birds in the spring that
could not tly that must have stood very
hard "Nebraska Hli//ards" but I have
never found any frozen young or eggs.

They generally rear two broods a
season and three is not uncommon.
The second nest is to be found in corn
fields or in heavy bunch grass, and the
third set I have found most generally
in canons or on rough land. The num-
ber of eggs range from three to si.\ but
four seems to be the prevailing num-
ber. In my experience I find the first
sets of darker color and with a very
glossy appearance, while the second
and third sets grow lighter and instead
of .being glossy have a chalky appear-
ance. The shape also differs in the
three sets, the eggs of the first being
larger and more elongated than the
other sets and shells are also very
much thicker, which of course is to
brave the cold weater.

Their diet is exclusively seeds and
grass stems. I have never found the
crop to contain any form of insect or
worm. Their nests are composed of
grasses and thistle weed cotton, the
first nest being well constructed to
stand the cold weather, but the second
and third nests are very flimsy affairs,
only consisting of a few grasses and
very coarse weed stems.

In all, I think this species one of
our most interesting, and can bear
very much more study and observing.
J. Earl Luuwick.

McCook, Neb.

Nebraska Academy of Sciences.

The eighth annual meeting of the
Nebraska Academy of Sciences was
held in Science Hall of the University
of Nebraska at Lincoln upon Novem-
ber 26th and 27th.

A brief business session was held be-
fore noon upon the 26th and in the
afternoon the programme was opened

27

by the atldress of President A S. \'on
Mansfcldt upon "Some Practical Ap-
plications of Science." This paper
thoroughly treated of the effects of
alcoholics upon the hutnan system, the
prevalence of excessive drinking, etc.,
and the speaker asserted that "the so-
lution of the problem lies within the
province of scientists, whose mission
is to bring all sides of truth before the
people, etc." The address was follow-
ed by a spirited discussion, as were
nearly all the other papers upon the
programme.

Dr. H. B Ward of the University
of Nebraska presented a paper entitled
"Factors in Civili;^ed Life Which
Modify the Abundance of Parasitic
Animals," wherein the decrease of par-
asites infecting man was shown to be
due to better care of the body and
more thorough cooking of all animal
foods. The decrease of parasitic
diseases among domestic animals has
been brought about largely by stall
feeding, improved devices for furnish-
ing pure water and thorough methods
of slaughtering, whereby all parts
of most domestic animals are convert-
ed to some use.

"Our Beds of Diatomaceous Earth
and their Associated Fossils" was next
presented by Dr. E. H. Barbour.

The "Flora of a Dried-up Mill-
pond" by C. J. Elmore was an inter-
esting and instructive paper. In the
pond referred to more than 40 species
of flora were observed and the method
of their seeds having been deposited
was discussed.

Dr. C. E. Bessey next presented a
paper entitled "Poisoning by Rhus
radicaiis Without Direct Contact",
which exhaustively discussed the pois-
oning by ivy without having been
touched in any manner. Several of
the members present reported having
been poisoned by the poison ivy with-
out direct contact.

The following papers were present-
ed in the order named: "The I'^erns
and Fern Allies of Franklin County,
Nebraska," by E. M. Hussong; "Ob-

28

THE MUSEUM.

servations on the Abundance of Cer-
tain Secondary Prairie Formations,"
by Dr. Roscoe Pound; "The Peat
Beds and Underiyinp; Datomaceous
Deposits along Cedar Creek and Trib-
utaries," by J. P. Rowe; Some Notes
on Root Growth," by Prof. F. W.
Curd; "Notes on the Germs Iclithyo-
taenia," by H. M. Benedict, describ-
ing a new species of fish tape-worm;
"A Second Nebraska Meteorite," by
Dr. E. H. Barbour, who exhibited the
meteorite for examination; "On the
Use of Color Screens in Astronomical
Photography," by Rrof. G. D. Swezey;
"On the Experimental Proof of Fara-
day's Theory of Electricity," by Louis
T. Moore; "Karl Pearson's Research-
es in the Mathematical Theory of Evo-
lution, by Prof. E. W. Davis; "Re-
port of the Morrill Geological Expedi-
tions," by Carrie A. Barbour.

At 6 p. m. the members attended a
Thanksgiving social tendered by the
Lincoln members to the Academy and
partook of a delicious repast. At 8
p. m. U. S. Geologist N. H. Darton
delivered an address upon "Some Fea-
tures of the Geology of Nebraska",
illustrated with a stereopticon.

November 27th the session was re-
sumed with an ' 'Announcement of New
Nebraska Fossils," by Dr. E. H. Bar-
bour; "Supplement to Professor Brun-
er's List of Nebraska Birds, " by W.
D. Hunter, showing a marked tend-
ency of the birds towards extending
their ranges eastward; "Progress of
the Botanical Survey of Nebraska, "by
Dr. Roscoe Pound; "Observations on
the Concretions of the Pierre Shale,"
by Miss Carrie Barbour; "On the Tax-
onomy of the Nemathelminthes," by
Dr. H. B. Ward; "Disproof of a
Supposed Theorem in Topography,"
by Dr. E. W. Davis; "On the Genus
Atax," by Dr. R. H. Wolcott, describ-
ing six new species of mites which in-
fest fresh water mollusea; "Additions
to the Insect Fauna of Nebraska," by
W. D. Hunter.

The session closed with the election
of the following officers for the ensu-

ing year: President, Dr. H. B. Ward;
vice-president, A. S. Von Mansfeldt;
sec.-treas , Prof. G. D. Swezey; cus-
todian and librarian. Prof. Lawrence
Bruner, and adopting resolution com-
mending Hon. Charles H. Morrill for
his endowment of the Morrill Expedi-
tion Fund which is to support an an-
nual Geological Expedition for the
University of Nebraska.

ISADOR S. TrOSTLER.

Omaha, Neb.

WONDERS of Bird Life. The "Story of
the Farraloues" will be a treasure to you for
ita lavish illustrations and graphic descrip
tions of this famous isle off the coast of Cal-
ifornia. It is almost as good as going your-
self, and the book, a work of art, is selling
now at only 30 cents, two to one address
50 cents. ''Taylor's Standard Egg Catalogue,"
sold for 25 cents, gives the scientific and com-
mon names of all North American birds and
the valuation for their obtainable nests and
eggs adopted by exchangers Valuable back
numbers of "Tfie Nidologist". on sale. Ad-
dress H. R. TAYLOR, Alameda, Calif.

WANT U. S. postage and rtvenue stamps
and watch and uiedicinf . Offer, shells, fos-
sils, etc. D. H. EATON, Woburn, Mass.

FOK BEST OFFER cash or exchange 1
carved coffee cane, coat of arms of Me.xico
and a rattlesnake. By my system of exchange
get a mineral cabinet free. Wanted amethyst,
crystals, gem stones in the rough, curios,
Confederate money and stamps. Send stamp
for particulars. No postals. ROBERT BURN-
HAM, 143 Gallup St., Providence, R. L

WANT one copy each of Bendire's Life
Histories of N. A. birds Vol. 1 and 3, also
Baird, Brewer and Ridgeway's Land and
Water Birds all or any of volumes. State
condition and lowest cash price or if you will
trade what is wanted. CHAS. K. REED,
Worcester, Mass,

SHELL COLLECTORS.— We intend to
greatly enlarge our stock the coming winter
and make many exchanges with collectors.
Please send us a list of any Land, Freshwater
or Marine Shells you have to offer. We want
Helix as ever and wish all collectors who have
any duplicate Helix to send us complete
lists. Au'. one knowing of any large shell
collections for sale will confer a favor by ad-
A'ising us of same. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Al-
bion, N. Y.

10 CENTS and the name and full address of
30 people in your town or vincinity will secure
for one year's subscription to tlie Universal
Exchange. Hundreds oflxtrqaws. Good till
January 1, 1897. EXCHANGE PUB. CO.,
Athol, Mass. Mention Mdseuji when writ-
ing.

THE MUSEUM.

A BEAUTIFUL SHELL COLLECTION

To bo broken up and solii in parU to tUe col-
lector that is in want of line shells from any
horizon.

We havi- lately purchased a fine shell col-
lection, an<t will have same on exhibit fors:ile
about the 'J-lth of December, or January 1st
at the lalc>t. It is without question the linest
assortiueiit of Marino shells. largely univalves,
thai We have ever l.andled, and ci>llectcirs
making .i collection of shells, will have I he
opporluuily to get soMie rare things that wo
doubt if any tlea'er in the U IS has on hand.
O.ie noticeable feature is the pcrfectuess of
all specimens, si> that we e.xpecc to pie .so the
uinst exacting collectors.

Here are some species of Cvpraea. of which
there are large suites: Ac/ititiiia, AlOinjinosa,
Anuultis, Arabiitt. Argun^ ArtnJiUi, Ascllim.
Alotnaria, Ciipulscrpcnti.i. carncola. caiirtca,
•■erviiHUu-cimriii . i:l(tn'k':<ti>iii. criharia, crm n-
lain, cyltnilriia. itnirrua, irrosit, crroiies, ei-
antluma.ftiina. Jimbricald. Jtavcola, gnngre-
nosa, hch'oUt, hirunUo. Iiislrio, idetiua, inor-
Ilia, isii'jcUd, I.Kinankii, luriila, lynx, niacu-
la, ni'ippii, maurilinu, moncla, inus, negkcla.
nijro punctatus. occeMalu, punthcrina, picla
ptinctulata, sciirra, Soxccrbyii, Spadicea,
Spurca. itercorarui, Inbescens, lalpa, lesludni-
arin, ligns. lunliis, unihitit urse/lus, vuriro-
laria, vilcllus, :iqziic. besides a large number
of species, represented by from 1 to 6 spcci
mens.

In Murex we have adustus. Ranskii, bicolor,
brandaris, bulbosa. chrysosloma. erinaceous,
/'asciatus, liaustelliim. mnrliniatiui. micro-
phyllnsa, molicclla, )nlidits, nubilis palma
rosea, palmifcrus. pintinttis, plirulus, ponuru,
ramosos. rcgius, rosarium. ,<iu.ril,ilis, scolopax,
tenui spina, torrrfnctus, Iriiputer, Irunculiis,
lurbinatiis. jaiitcoslovta, itc. elc.

Id V'oluta we have Angasi, fulgclrum. im-
pcrialis. mustra, Noirisii. pulchra. rtiiculata,
rupeslrLi, sraphi. Turneri. undulala, vesper-
lilto, vefillitm zebra

We cordially invite collectors who wish
nice shells at reasonable prices to coi re.-^pond
with us at once. Yon ali know from past
experience that we shall not ask exhorbitant
prices, and that we are willing to send on ap-
proval to all responsible collectors, allowing
them to examine specimens and select what
they want, and giving collectors who live at a
dist.ince the same chance as those w lio live
near by.

To schools who wish a general collection
representing as many families as possible we
now have better facilities than ever of giving
you a large number of species at a low lig-
ure and containing beauty as well The
above collection includes tine specimens of
the rare I'apcr yauliliis, the rare Wentle hap
or Sralar'ia. a largo number of species of
Top'ion. Triton, Jlanella. Nassa. Purpura.
Oicia, Melij.Dolium. Conns. Sirombus. Uurbo.
Trochus, flulimus, C'ychhstyla, Ar'iatina, Car-
dium. and soon, through scores of families
which we cannot enumerate here at this lime,
much less give a list of species. Collectors
who have a leaning towards any one family
and wish to purchase in that branch, we will

send list of what we have on hand. Practi-
cally the bulk of this cjllei'lion will be sol<l
in three months to some one Write immed-
iately on re:iding this add. or you will likely
not gel what you want.

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr.,

Albion, N. Y.

FOU KXCHANGK.— Works of Charles
Dickens. (! volumes in Al conilition. Want
Indian relics or curios. FLOV 1) SCHULTZ,
Junction City, Kan.

WRITE US

for our Citilogiis of Scientific and Lit-
erary Courses of Study. We are making a
revolution in Correspondence Study. 73
courses are olTered for 1898, embracing 8
languages and 20 courses in mathematics,
besides luany others. Send quick.

The Correspondence School of Science & literature,

Hint I am J. Bishop, Principal.

Wyandoite, Mich.

50 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

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THE MUSEUM.

Complete your tiles now before it is
too late. Send for any numbers you
lack in any volume at 5c each, and
they will be sent by return mail.

W. F. WKBB, Mi;K.,

.\LlUON, N. V.

30

THE MUSEUM.

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ESTES & LAURIAT, Publishers, = - BOSTON.

Bendire's Life Histories of

North American Birds.

We have new copi(S of Vol. 1 ;it $9, ami of
Vol. 3at$7.50 I3olh prepaid. Order at ouce
if wanted, as « e are not likely to have them
■very long.

WALTER F. \A/EBB, Mgr.,

ALBION, N. y.

You Want Labels.

No collection is complete without uniform and near
labels. I print Bird, Egg. Shell. Fos:ill, Herbarium
and all kiud.s of labels. Egg. small l.io per ifti; $1 per
1000. Large. a,5c per 101; Jl.7.5 per 1000. Send for
prices on Naturalists' printing. D. H. EATON, Wo-
burn, Mass.

Sketches of Some
Common Birds,

By Prof. P. M. Silloway, of Illinois.

Ni better book could be selected for a Nat-
ural, t friend. It is only $1.50 prepaid. Send
at or I e. 3o3 pages, liuel.y bound in cloth, and
beau ifully iliiii-trated by half tones.

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr.,
ALBION, N. y.

When ansivcriiig advertisements al-
ways mention THE MUSEUM.

THE MUSEUM.

31

BOOKS

The foUowlun 1 ooks are nil lu jjood order In every
wav HUless otbetwlteuiiirkcd. Wliirioew we Uave
fo >tiueil. All win be sent prepaid on receipt ot price.
Order at onee.

Smithsonian Report, IIW. new." SOOpp., cloth » 3 00

IRM. ■• ■• ■' i 00

Structure of Animal Life, by Agassi?., new, 13Jpp..

red ilolh ■ ■■ ;;,■•■.; ' '*

The Oologist, vols. I to 10 Inclusive, bound In 2

vols , half leather, new ■• ™

The Auk, lUXt, new. half leather, flne a '5

The American Naturalist, \»i». 700pp., halt leath-
er, uew ......... - 3 CO

Malcolms Central India, In •.; vols., second edition

leather, the set , ; L '" ""

The Ibis. London, being the otllclal Journal of the
Ilrltish OrnltholoBlsts Union the same as the
Aiik ot this eountrv. 11 Is edited by Phillip
L. Schlater and Howard Saunders. We iiHer.
Vol I ISO vol.S, l!<(<land vol 4 of the sl.\th
series for I Wi. All three volumes half leath.

er. per volume -'to

The Sea and its Living Wonders, by Dr. G. Hart-
wl>-. HOpp . finely Illustrated, binding, some

liKise, eo>t tii.i'J. our prlee -50

Elements of Chemistry, by Miller. over.TCOpp..

cost $.■> 00 our price 3 00

Guide to the Study of Insects,l)y Packard.l.i plates

and 672 word cuts erst ».M0. our pilce 3 iM

The Ornithologist and Oologist for l!-«9 and I8S0.

■24 nos. bound in one volume, full leather.new 3 00
British Zoology, by Pennant. In 4 big volumes,
leather Vol. 1 rovers miimmals and some
blnls vol. -J water birds, vol 3 reptiles and
tlshes. vol. 4 Crustacea molUuscs. etc. The 4

volumes all llnely lUusiraled for B 00

Copenoda, Cladocera and Ostracoda of Minnesota,

:«' pp. text and sa full page plates, new 2 oO

The Mu<eum. vol. I, tinely Illustrated, 400 pp..

full leather, new ..,.^ ■ -.i ■•, -

The Museum, vf Is. 1. 2 and 3 to Nov.. 1897. finely

bound in cloth. HKipP ,• .; ■ ■ ^

World's Congress on Ornithclogy, edited 1 y Mrs.
K. Irene Hood under the direction ot Dr.

Flllot i\iues. s (I pp., half leather, new. 4 CO

Milners Gallery of Nature, being a pictorial and
dcfcrlptive lour through creation. A rare

volume. StOpp.. full leather ^ 4 00

The Universe, by Pouchtt. eleventh edition, 2.0

engravings, line •■••• - ^

Mysteries of the Ocean, translated from the

French 130 Bne Illustrations, cost J6.00 2 lo

The Post-office, vol. 3 181)3 4. devoted to philately.

bound in doth ■ „ , **

Death Valley Expedition, part 3, half leather, 400

pp.. MUHtrated - ■■ '80

Eastern Persia. IS70 and 1872. 2 vols. Vol. i de-
voted to geograjihy and narrative and vol. 2
to geography and geology. 4.50 pp. in each

volume, cloth. 'I he set

Our Living \Vorld. vol. 1 on mammals. 63.i pp..
all llluslr.iled tine piper aaa printing qoarto
size, marv colored i)lates. new and up-to-

date, half I'-ather, line ■_■■■■■ ' W

Model Herbarium and Plant Record, new. Fine
thing for a botanist. '.TO heavy sheets tound

in one volume * ^

Birds of North America, by Ualrd. Cass.n and

Lawrence. Ifxo pp.. rare 5 CO

Paleontology. Vol. 2 of Oeological Survey ot
Ohio. Illustrated by SO full page plates of

shells, crinolds. vegetables, etc.. line 2 2a

Birds of Kansas, bv Goss. 710pp.. tilled with full
pace plates, showing half tones from photo.

graphs of r.2».i birds, new ■■ _ •■> »>

The Ornithologist and Oologist for 1»=8 and I881.

2lno.s. in I vol., hair leather I 95

Raines Bird Nesting in Northwest Canada, 175 pp.
flnelv Illustrated with colored plates of over
60 kinds of rare American eggs and numer-
ous full pace plates of scenery in the north- _

west territories boards , I '■■>

The Lower Invertebrates, by J. S. Kingsley, rOl
wo..d cuts and 22 full page plates. Uest au-
thority on ihe subject. 400 pp.. large size. __

cloth, tine edition ■■ ■• '»

Geological Sketches, by Louis Agas.>ilz, second se-
ries. 241 pp. cloth ■ _ ' '*

Geological Studies, dy Alex. Mitchell. SCO pp., 367

illustnttions. new . ji "

Mineralogy and Lithology, by Dana, third edit- _

Ion. Illustraletl — •-• ' ">

: New England Bird Life, by W. A. Steams and __
El'.lot Coues. part 1. 320 pp 1 '=>

Bird Nesting, by Krnest Ingersoll. A hand book
of Infonuatlon In the gathering and procur-
ing of nests and et.'j;s. 110 pp.. new 1 10

Manual of Botany, Cray. 7.i0 pp.. 2.'> plates a SO

School and Field Book of Botany, 400 pp 186

Spiders, Their Structure and Habits, by Emerton,

new. ml PI) . lUustraled 1 2.t

How to Hunt and Trap, by J. H. Hatty, B20 pp.,

Illustrated ,90

Practical Zoology, bv Collon. li-'4 pp., new 1 OO

Birds of London, by H K. Swann. Hi pp 7o

Bird Preserving and Bird Mounting, by Avis. A

manual for beelnneis In taxldi'nny. cloth 2^

First Book of Zoolcgy, Mcrse, \W pp.. Illustrated,

cloth -/-•„ ''^

Published \Vritings of Philip L. Schlater, by G.

lirown Goode. i:iO pp , cloth w)

New York State Cabinet of Natural History, dat-
ed 1S:.0- Some lieahtlfully colored plates of
New York slate Indian trappings, :;0u pp., in.

teresllng _ -0"

British Hand List of Birds, by Gray, part 3 cover-
ing struthlones. grallae and anseres with in-
dices of generic and tpeciUc names. 330 pp.,

cjoth - * ^

The Oologis'ti'vol. 9. mi. cloth, new 60

Vegetable Histology, by I'eiihoUow, professor of
chemistry and botany in the imperial col-
lege. Japan, 34 pp.. etc., cloth '•->

Tables for the Determination of Common Minerals,

by Crosby, 2d edition, so pp., cloth 1 00

Transact ous" Kansas Academy Science, vol. 12,

isiil W. cloth ' 00

The Young Oologist, vols. I and a. cloth 1 ou

Birds of Minnesota, by Hatch, 460 pp.. new, cloth 2 00
Stanleys Adventures in Africa, by Ueadley, 7U0 _

pp.. illustrated — • - ■ ■■ 7-?

Catalogue of American Localities of Minerals,cloth 1 00
Ord's Zoology, by Rhodes, being a reprint, new I 2.5
Constitution, Rules and Manual of U. S. Senate, ^

SUJ pp.. cloth , '•'

Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, cloth. 1891 ... 1 FiO
The Botanical Atlas, by D. McAlpine. being a
guide to the practical study ot iMants. Vol.
1, Plauerogams, containing 2ii plates beauti-
fuUv colored, with explanatory letter press,
hundreds ot figures. Vol. 2. Cryptogams, 20
plates as above. This magnificent woi k sells
at jn.OO. was gotten out by the Century Co.
and contained the handsomest colored plates
true to nature obtainable. Our price for the

3 ijO

0 00

Method in the Art of Taxidermy, by Oliver Davie,
with '.10 full page engravings. Finest work
ollhe kind ever issued, new ^.... * 9o

Nests and Eggs of North American Birds, by Oli-
ver Davie. Mh edition, revised to date. This
tine work is in press and nearly Uulshed. We
shall have a supply ot the llrst lot that comes ^
from the bindery ^r\— * -"

The A. O. U. Check List of North American Birds,

by the A. O. U. If^n.i. latest edition, new 2 2o

English Sparrow in North American, by Merrlam

and Harrows. 400 pp.. half leather 2 CO

The Naturalist Guide, by Maynard, a manual tor
collectors In all branches ot Natural History.
ato pp . doth ■- ■■ 98

The "Blue Book' of Amatuer Photographers. 340
pp thousands ot addresses, names of socltles
&c.. &c ■■: -, '^

North American Oology by Brewer, 12opp. .paper,
unbound ([uarto '.i— ^i ■■;l'

U. S. Geographical Survey, vol. S, part 2, Norlh

American Ethnology. TOOpp 2 ffi

Ditto, vol. rt. 81«pp -^-"- •""-■■;■ 2 ^0

U. S. Geological Survey, 10th Ueport, Part 1 Geol-

ogy. 70t)|ip. 9? full page plates 2 60

Ditto, nth Iteport, Part 1 Geology, 750 pages.

Illustrated ~ g*

Ditto. Part 2. 11th Report 1 =0

U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1889. SOOpp, .lO

mammoth pla

2 SO

Vol. A, Messages and Documents Interior Depart-
ment. TlXipp --• •■ •; 35

Vol. :i of above on Geology. .'lOOpp and plates.. 2 2o
Vol. 3 Explorations and Surveys. War Depart-
ment is.'i:i I, .'lOOpp. scores ot full page views
from Mississippi Klver to Paclllc and remen-

t.scences that read like a novel 3 00

Vol. 4 of above on Botany. Cacti &c., hundreas

ot line plates and figures 3 00

Vol 1 of above. 7ii()pp ■■■■—:■: 300

U. S. Geographical Survey West of looth Meridan.

vol. H on botany. 4()<.>pp. :W full page plates 3 00

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr.,

Albion, N. Y.

32

THE MUSEUM.

STAMPS

Brightest Stock.

Best Grades.

Lowest Prices.

33'

Stamps in Approval Books 50 per cent, off for Cash,
percent, off if you wish half Cash and half Exchange — Take your choice.

If Stamps are sent to us as part payment they must be perfect specimens and either light-
ly cancelled or unused, also a sufficient number must be sent so that halt may be returned as
we are now overstocked in some grades and lines. Stamps are accepted at one-half catalogue
value for the best grades and one-third value for medium. No trash accepted at any price.
We have a good grade at 75 ofl' for beginners and for collectors having 1,000 or less.

Send on your good duplicates and see our opproval books, for they are sure to please you.

Our Motto — "Small profits and quick returns make a profitable business."

THE RETURN MAIL STAMP CO .
Dubuque, Iowa.

P. S. — Needing anything like the following at the pnsent time?

Perforation Gauge, the most useful assistant to a Stamp Collector, 2.5 cents.
Stamp ToKGS, 50 cents. Surcharge Measurers, $1.00. Magnifying Glasses, $1 00 to $3.

Grill Measurer, for Embossed Stamps, accurate, something needed if you collect or
sell U. S., 25 cents.

Approval Books
For your duplicates and mail orders.

The only convenient, safe and stylish way
of mounting stamps.

The Red Cross Approval Book holds 60
stamps and fits a No. 6 envelope.

These are of Superior Paper.

Price 5c. each or 50c. per dozen.

By the hundred, 3 cents each.

Gummed Hing-es.

The St. Julien gummed hinges are perfect,
easily removed and yet sufficiently ad-
hesive to hold any stamp in place. No glue
or mucilage on these, nothing but pure gum
arable.

I 10c. per 1,000.

Piice-^ 25c. per 3,000.

( 80c. per 10,000.

Packet, No. 1, $1.

Contains about 80 British Colonials which
catalogue over $1.00; 220 other foreign that
catalogue over $3 00, and U. S. that will cata-
logue over $2 00.

A better packet for the price has never
been offered.

Packet No. 5, $5.

A fine start for a collection of U. S stamps.

The unused U. S. stamps alone catalogue
over one half the price of the packet.

The used stamps catalogue over $10.00.

It contains stamps from issues of 1851, 1857,
1861, 1868, 1869 and so on up to 1894, stamps
from the de];artments and a numberof scarce
envelopes. This packet is a bargain.

Packet No. 2. 20 Cents or 20 One Cent
Stamps, 123 Varieties.

Our cheapest and quickest seller. No
cheap countries represented but 125 different
stamps from such countries as Hawaii, Brazil,
Russia, Great Britain, African and French
Colonies, Portugese, Spanish, etc.

Packet No. 3 30 Cents or 30 One Cent
Stamps.

This is a l^ittle Hummer. 130 varieties
from the same countries as No. 2, but higher
priced stamps. You can put 50 in a collect-
ion and trade or sell the balance for more
than it cost you.

Packet No 4. 50 Cents.

British Colonies only.

This packet should please any one. It
contains 75 different British and British Col-
onies, such as the Canadas, Queensland,
Trinidad, Cyprus, Jamaica, Western Aus-
tralia, New Zealand, Tasmania. New South
Wales, Cape of Good Hope, Mauritius, British
Guiana, etc.

Packet No. 10, $10.

The 1,100 varieties — all different — pi.t >ip by
countries in separate envelopes and enclosed
in one packet, a collection in itself. This i-! a
packet that is useful to a =uiall dealer as wi 11
as to a collector -i' toutains a wide range
of stamps, includiuar many veiy scarce and
desirable stamps. This is an exceptional
offer and we expect ihisfo win us many fu-
cure customers.

We buy stamps and old collections for cash.
Send whatever you have, including dupli-
cates, stating price asked. We exchange
stamps also. You must send us stamps cata-
logueing 3 cents or over, for which we will
allow one-half catalogue price. Full satis-
faction guaranteed. Tuis is something no
other dealer " ill do.

Anyone sending us the names of live honest,
active stamp collectors and eight 1 cent
stamps will receive by return mail au unused
8 cent Columbian aad U.S. Revenue or a 6
cent unused Columbian and 3 U. S. Revenue.
This extra to us is to get acquainted with
good active collectors.

EETURN MAIL STAMP CO., DUBUQUE, IOWA-

THE MUSEUM

BOOKS AT A SACRIFICE.

vVh i'rtv»* »rraupr''d with a promlnenl Piiblishhig t'l).
nf NVw Ytrk t-» supply our readers, with some gotxl
up t • il:»lo hiMiks at :i very low rute. Here is the list.

FAMOUS BOOKS BY FAMOUS AUTHORS.

Ill tciiir k'ri'iips. f irh a illsUiii't style of Uteiatiire

tiroup A.- Klve ImxiUs tlinl help to lualte the
worui iH'iiiM- Hnil \vl»e»-. These booUs will live forever.
Thev are tmliy re-o>ji»izetl as beliii; anions the most
helpful ami lii'sti uetlve works ever written. Kach Is
ihe ma-terpleee of li.s respective author.

I H- sill • the lloonie Brier lliish. (I82page.s.) By
lau Ma< 1 r-ii.
•-' lllaek Beauty. (3I.S pages.) By Anna Sewell.

3 li.uiiiiiionils .Nddresses. (2<a pages, i By Henry
I»rxininiontl.

t Ten N'ghis In a Bar Koom (lOfipage.s.) By T. S.
.\rlhiir.

s .K-iops Fables. Ill'- pages, fit) Illustrations.)
Translated bv Kev. G V. Townsend.

Oroup B. — By the re-ognl7.ed master of English
Itoiiiaiice. Kaeh i» olasJlc literary gem

I The rrlikei on the Hearth. (176 pages.) By
I'harl^s nick n.".

•2 Single Heart and Donble Face (LIT page.i.) By
riiarlest ) eade.

.1 The Yellow Mask. 1 176 pages.) By Wllkle Col-

llDK.

4 Mrs. Caudle's Cnrtaln Lectures. (ITSpages.) By
I>iuglas Jerrold.

h Lady (Jraie. (197 pages.) By Mrs. Henry Wood,
author of 'F-ast L>tid.

Groap C. By the more modern school of authors.
Bright, ailistie. up to date.

1 A -<tiuly In .Scarlet. (I7« pages.) By A. Conan
Doyle.

2 A Kotnance of Two Worlds. (211 ptges ) By
Marie Corell:.

.1 I 'eala •1«! pages.) By the author of The Heav-
enly Twins ■• Sarah Urand.

4 Treasure laltnd. (181 pages.) By Robert IjOUIs
Stevens, m

.S Friv..li>MS Cupid. 233pige-'.) By Anthony Hope.

Group D. -By the most popular authors of iha'
llleraliire known as 'love atf)rles. " Bright, clean and
fa^'ln ttiUK

I «'iilde<l and Parted. (17\: pages.) Bv Bertha M.
CI .y

■i The C1cu>roon. i'21« page.s.) By Miss M. E. Brad-

Uoil.

■1 Back to the Old Home (176 pages.) By Mary
Cecil Hay.

t She's All the World to Me. (I9« pages) By Hall
Calne.

h l^n-e Letters of a Wor.lly Woman. (192 pages)
By Mr.". CllBord.

All these books are complete and unabridged, are
jirluted In large clear type, and l)ound In white and
gold, ipai'er lovers ) Size of t>.K)k 4V4X»L4 Inches, such
as h;ivi' iK'eii ustrdly sold at 2ij rents e-.tch.

Our Special OITcr:- For ilW' we will send you
one \^•a^"s sub-crlpilon and any 'A-**^ AooA** yoti mav

select.

For fl.UO we win se'id y.iu a year's su bscrlptlon and
any eight iK>-tUs you may select

For J; we will give you a year's subscilptlon and the
entire list of A> iKKiks. prepaid to any part of the U S.
t'an.ida or Mexicri.

The regular price of these books, all over the I'nlied
states Is "i'lc. and only by getting them In Immense
(pliant It tes are we able to make tills iinparalle<i offer.

Think of 11. for K do yon can gel a year's subscrip-
tion to the Mi'sKi'U and nearly 4,(IKJ pages of gisid
reading matier. frooi authors a.s Ian Maclaren Oniin-
niou'i. Townsend IHckeus. Kead. Stevens. Hall.
Calne. etc We have never lieen able l4> make such an
«»ffer as this ' efore and hope to have your early ftrders.
Keinlt In any way convenient Sta'mps accepteil In
any atnr>unt.'

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

/-k /-v varieties of choice Relics and Coins. 27 cents.
yi 1 lOU nice Sea Shells, 30c. Indian Axe. arc
^•V/ Spade aiV- Hoe. '^c. War club heiwl. 2i)c.
Hrllls. liv. Knife. 7c. Price list of Relics I).>oks. etc
Ire- lirawlngs of relics. 5ic DV. A. PKRRV,

Wakefield. R. I.

^3^

This is my
Proposition.

Let 111'. . 1 your Inspection, charges postpaid,

X< of lUe KuiiiouH Quartz CryHtalH found at
this pliu'e. If this collection of Hrllllant (Jems pleases
you Kindly send 7U cents imly. otherwise return the
collection and It will be O. K. Highest Award at the
World's Fair. Order today.

2to A. B. CRI9I.

milddleville, Herkimer Co., N. V.

Autograph Letters
of Famous People.

Original Letters, not copies.
Send for my price lists.

Walter Rompyn Benjamin,

1125 Broadway, New York.

LOOK OVER YOUR OLD
MAGAZINES.

If ynii have anv iuim'ier.= or complete sets
nf ftiiv old niagMziiie.s .such as Nirlolngists.
Osprevs Oiiologist & Ornltholngisis and es-
pet-ially iiack iiiimbers of the one hundred
and line small urnitholoKical oublications i.<-
sned between l^'80 and 1807. send us list at
nnce. We will yive good exchange for any
old back numbers of papers ilevoted tfl nat-
ural science. Lei us hear from you at once.
W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,

Albion, N. Y.

GEO. F. GUELF,

PRACTICAL TAXIDERMIST.

HROCKPORT, N. Y.

DKAI.KK IN

Bird Skins. Mounted Birds and Mammals.
Kniletin No 4 just out, send for a copy.

JAMES P. BABBITT,

Wholesale and Kelnil Dealer in

Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird
Skins, Eggs and Publications,

TAUNTON, MASS.

Our large monthly bulletin of .Sklns. Kggs. etc. free
upon application.

THE MUSEUM

€l}as. H. Hccb, (Eaxibcrmist,

and deajcr in f^aturaJi^t^' Supplier, jjook^,

Instruments, Birds Eggs, Minerals, Shells,
Curiosities and Mounted Specimens,

In large or small quantities for Schools, Colleges or Private Collections.

A FEW FALL OFFERS:

What 1 Dollar will bring you prepaid.

Ofpek No. 1— First class birds eggs
Herring Gull, 20c; Laughing Gull, 20c;
Royal Tern 40c; White Ibis. SHc; Alli-
gator, '20c; Sparrow Hawk. 20c; and 12
other varieties, our selection, all for $1.
postpaid

Offer No 2 — 10 line Indian Arrow
Points, $1. 10 tine mineral specimens.
75c; opal, gold, silver, copper, iron and
lead ore, agate, gypsum geode crystals,
satin spar, all good size; and our"Start-
er Mineral Collection" of 24 specimens
for only $t, prepaid.

Offer No. 3 -Fine showy shells, pair
of large angel wi gs, 75; black murex,
50c; red murex. 50c; black ear shell. 15c
and 12 others such as chiton, owl,
conch, tulip, etc . for $1, prepaid.

Offer No 4 — Two nicely mounted
birds, our selection, value $1 25 each,
sent prepaid, $1

Offer No. 5— Corals, brain, branch,
finger, worm, rose, red, pink; retail
price. $1.75. and our marine souvenir of
painting sea mosses and shells, prepaid
forSl.

Offer No. 6— Mineral ink well very
fine, covered with a large variety of
showy specimens. $1. Horse foot pen
holder and pen, carved paper cutter
with seal and holder, saw fish saw ther-
mometer, all for $1. prepaid.

For $5 you can have all six offers sent you by express at your expense.

MANUFACTURER OF

^Oval Convex Glass Wall Shades #

With Flat Corners (patented).

A large stock of mounted birds under Convex Glass, framed for Fairs and Holi
day Trade at very low prices, for nice work.

75 THOMAS ST., WORCESTER, MASS.

Send 4C for complete Illustrated Catalogue.

VOL. IV.

NO. 3.

JANUARY, 1898.

U^EUTH

^^r^^>^mm

A Journal Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

RA TES: — $1.00 per year to all countries, in advance. Single numbers, 10 cts.

Published on the 15th of each month by Museum Publishing Co., Albion, N. Y.

Choice and Showy Shells.

Since the advertisement of a "Beautiful Shell Collection" in the last number
of the Museum, a great number have written us for more information. The collec-
tion was delayed some in transit and we are just now opening same up, and before
this number reaches destination, many of the families will be in place.

The Argonatas were broken some, but a number of fine specimens remain,
notably some beautiful Argonata tuberculosa from the Indian Ocean. These will
be offered at very reasonable rates. A number of fine Nautilus Pompilius and um-
bilicatus, can also be had, of varying sizes down to one inch in diameter.

Some of the Cypraea,, Murex and Voluta were noted in last number.

In Triton, we have, Australis, bracteatus, caudatus, Chlorostomus, distortus,
Dunkeri, femorale, gibbosus, gracilis, lanceolatus, lotorum, obscurus, olearium,
orientalis, pilearis, rubecula, Spengleri, tigrinum, tritornis, variegatus, vespaceous,
Wiegmanni, etc.

In Ranella, are aflfinis, albivaricosa, argus, bufonia, caudata, crumena, foliata,
gyrina, lampas, nana, spinosa, tuberculata.

We have 27 species of Nassa, 20 species of Purpura, 11 species of Ricinula,
5 species of Monoceros, 4 species of Cuma, 36 species Oliva, 4 species of Melo, etc.

In Mitra, we have adusta, ambigua, cardinalis, casta, contracta, episcopalis,
filaris, litterata, papalis, paupercula, pontificalis, propinqua, scabrinscula, sphaer-
ulata, variegata, and a lot not yet named.

In Cassis, are abbreviata, achatina, areola, bisulcata, canaliculata, coarctata;
cornuta, coronulata, flammea, glauca, Madagascariensis, Pfeifferi, rufa, sulcosa
and var. undulata, testiculatus, torquata, vibex and var. erinacea, zebra.

In Dolium, are fasciatum, galea, luteostoma, maculatum, olearium, perdix,
Testardi. In Scalaria, fine communis, Gronlandica, and pretiosa.

In Harpa, are fine large suites articularis, minor, nobilis, rosea and all shades
of ventricosa.

In Conus, as in Cypraea, are a very handsome representation, viz: — Amadis,
areneosus, arenatus, aulicus, auratus, aureus, betulinus, Blainvillii, bullatus, cap-
itaneus, coffea, colubrinus, clavus, censors, daucus, dux, eburneus, epistomium,
figulinus, flammeus, flavidus, Floridanus, Gabrielli, geographus, generalis, glau-
cus, gubernator, Hebraeus, hepaticus, imperialis, lacinulatus, lithoglyphus, litter-
atus, lividus, marmoreus, miles, milaris, millepunctatus, nionile, Nicobaricus, nit-
idus, nusatella, obesus, obscurus, panniculus, papilonaceus, pulicarius, puncticu-
latus, quercinus, regius, senator, sponsalis, stercus-muscarum, sulcatus, and var.
Pochi, telatus, tessalatus, testudinaria, textile, tiaratus, varius, Vautieri, vexillum,
virgo, glans, striatus, tulipi, and a number of species not yet named.

In Strombus, are alatus, Auris, Dianae, bituberculatus, canarium, costatus,
dentatus, dilatatus, elegans, epidromis, fasciatus, floridus, fusiformis, gibberulus,
gigas, granulatus, lentiginosus, lobatus, luhuanus, mauritianus, melanostomus,
minimus, olydius, pacificus, orosminus. peruvianus, pugilis, rugosus, septimus,
tridentatus, turritus, urneus, vittatus.

In Pterocera, we have some beauties, as aurantia, bryonia, chiragra, elongata,
lambis, millepeda, rugoso and scorpio.

This is only a small portion of the many fine things that we offer to collectors
at very reasonable rates. Much more reasonable than can be purchased elsewhere.
Any that we name above, or that were noted in December Museum, will be sent
promptly to reliable parties on approval, and we feel siire that both specimens and
prices will suit.

If you wish for some cabinet specimens, let us hear from you promptly, and
get some of the fine things before they are all picked up. A large percentage of
this fine lot now offered for sale, will be placed within sixty days at the latest.

WEBB'S NATURAL SCIENCE ESTABLISHMENT,

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgi., ALBION, N. Y.

THE MUSEUM.

WANTS, EXCHANGES AND FOR SALES.

All notices that come uiuler above will be inserted in this department until further notice
at one (1) cent a word. No notice less than 25c. Terms Cash with order. No cluirge for
address. I shall at all times endeavor to keep parties, whose reputation is of a doubtful char-
acter from using these columns.

I'AKTIKS desiring sets, birds and mammal
skins, alcoholic specimens of reptiles and ba-
tracians or any branch of natural science
from Southern Texas should correspond with
us. Fine sets and series a specialty. .J. M
& JAMKS J. CARROLL. Refugio, Texas

TO KXCHANG^^— Geodes, all colors, sizes
and kinds; Fresh Water Shells from the Miss-
issippi River; Indian Arrows. Speai-s and
Axes. Wanted: U. S. and State Surveys.
Tryons and other works on Shells and Fos-
sils. I have also manv Surveys to exchange
for others. Z. T. SNIVELY, Box 52, Way-
land, Mo.

PET COONS:— About eight mouths old.
perfectly gentle, fairly well trained and arc
favuriks. Will take $5 each, cash, or .$10 in a
desirable exchange. W. W. SHELLEV, El
Dorado, Kans.

A FINE Lot of Bird Skins.
FRED FREY, Sandusky, O.

Send for list.

TO EXCHANGE:— Birds Eggs both Amer-
ican and Foreign species, sets only. Want
eggs, both common and rare, a'so bird skins
and b-iund books Address with lists. FRANK
HARRIS, LaCrescent, Houston Co., Minn.

FOR SALE, or will exchange for fine In-
dian relics or minerals, a collection of U. S.
and foreign coins 230 pieces, ^o' 0 varieties
postage stamps anrt about 2500 good dupli
cates. The lot will catalogue over $700. All
letters answered. S. BAUER, 117 Central
Ave., Owego, N. Y.

OUR STOCK of Kggs and SAj/i.? are being
closed out at ruinous prices to make room for
the extensive line of shells now being un-
packed. We have one line lot of shells suit-
able for a college or museum, covering OOOO
species and 30.000 shells. These are kept
separate from our regular stock but will be
sold /or /-isA for just one-fourth their catal-
ogue value. The collection is a great bar-
jfaiu. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

WILL EXCHANGE good labelled shells or
curios from this locality for any good books
on natural science. State condition and val-
ue, and enclr)se stamp for mv list of speci
mens. W H UILLEK. 147 W 231 St , Los
Angeles. Calif.

FOR SALE: — Unmounted photographs "i
Niagara Falls and other places 4x5, 3"ictH.
a dox.: Oxs. 75cts.; Stereo, -lOcts '' K
WALTER. Fremont, Ind.

FOR SA[.,E, Arrow-head Scarf Pin mount-
ed in rolieil gold 50>i , and in silver 75,'. each;
also a lot of very .small Bird Points. Want
Minerals. Curiosities and Indian R'ilics.
CHAS. R. HESrON, Sidney, O. 2tD

CHOICE SHELLS:— Did you see our ad. of
tine shells in last number of Musel'.m. We
now have thcni and they are the most attrac-
tive lot ( ver handled, 15000 specimens of all
shapes, sizes and colors. Let us send you a
trial lot. Give us an idea of wants so we can
please yon. All scientifically lab:vled. W. F.
WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. V

TO EXCHANGE;-Shells.Echinoderms and
Marine specimens from C;ilifornia. Central
America and West Indies; for a good guitar,
Washburn inimilnlin or ofl'ers. No specimens
wanted. E C STARKS, 414 Elm St , Wash-
ington. D. C.

OLD PIANO for SALE: 5? octaves; 8 uni
sons to each nolo; 48 brsss and 150 steel
strinss, none wrapped. Instrument made in
LoimIoo, d.ate, 1807. J. D DUKOSE, Hugue-
not. Georgia. U S. A.

THE NEW SHELL LfSC is now oui. Its
a handy thing for all collectors and dealers in
shells Send 2c stamp if you want '■ "'
F. WEBB, Mgr , Albion, N. Y.

W

FOR SALE:-0 Oregon arrow points sec-
onds, (i shell beads from Inilian grave, 2 ar-
row p dnls from Penn. and one piece of pot-
tery from Pa. All postpaid for 50 cents.
GEO A STRAUSS. West Alexander. Pa.

I STILL have eggs of Coots. V. Galinules,
B. Terns, T B Grebes B. C N. Herons, Yel
lowhead Blackbirds. Virginia Rail-i. Sora
Rails, Marsh Wrens. I want any Natural
History specimens or curios that I_ have not
got in my mii-rtini DEI. OS HATCH, Oak-
field, Wis.

WANTED '>i>'>-y\. (...■.■' Grav and Arc-
tic Hiirned 0«ls. Peacrck. Gray W(df, I-ynx,
Coyote. Wildcat. Heads of large game, un-
mounted, and offers. Can oll'i'r mounted
deer heads, birds, deer horns, skins and c;tsh
if cheap. Send list of what \ ou have with
lowest price JOHN CLAYTON, Lincoln.
Maine.

INDIAN PIPES:— We still have a few of

those odil Tnscarora stone pipes, with long
stems. Sample prepai<l for $1. W.F.WEUU.
Mgr., Albion, N. "'

Y.

34

THE MUSEUM.

BENDIRE'S Life Histories of Nortli Ameii-
3an Birds will soon l^e scarce A year or so
ago we were ofleriog vol 1 at $7.50. Now for
a very siiort time it is $9 and in one year from
now it is more likely to be higher. Vol. 2
can still be had at $7 50, the two for $10,50.
Order quick or it will 1 e too late at these
prices. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

I HAVPj for exchange a fine C. G. Conn
Trombone Tenor Horn, silver plated and en-
graved, cost $53,50. Will exchange for any
of the following articles: Shotgun, rille,
small collecting gun, tirst class watch, mount-
ed birds or sets, Coues Key. E L. HALEY,
Rangeley, Maine.

"Indian RELICS:-Price list free. A. D.
GRUrZMACHER, Mukwonago, Wis.

WANTED: — Indian relics for cash, or in
exchange for fossils, minerals, coins, stamps.
■Correspondence solicited. 0 varieties fossils
or 15 varieties entire postals 25c. postpaid.
DR W. O. EMERY, Crawfordsviile. Ind. 2tD

WANTED. — To hear from parties that can
use good Coyote skins, tirst-class. CHRIS
FORGE, Taxidermist, Carman, Manitoba

FOR SALE, — 0 pieces fragmentary cliff
dwellers' pottery 80 cent postpaid. 100 ar-
row points $1 Oi). Also whole pottery and
other desirable Indian relics. Outlines 2c
stamp DR W, O. EMERY, Crawfordsviile,
lud.

CASE SCHOOL of Applied Science offers
duplicate specimens in Botany, Mineralogy,
Geology and Economic Geology in exehaugo
for any Natural History specimen wilkJuU
data not already in its collections. A printed
list of the material offered will be sent on ap-
plication. FRANK M. COMSTOCK. Prof, of
Natural History, Case School of Applied Sci-
ence, Cleveland, Ohio.

MASCO rCHARMS!-Left hind foot of a
rabbit killed in a country graveyard at mid-
night on Friday the 13th day of the month by
a. crosseyed red-headed, bow-legged, left-
handed nigger, riding a white mule," AVar-
ranted to cure anything Silver mounted.
Postpaid for twelve tvvo-ceiit stamp.*!. Whole-
sale rates if desired. W. F. WEBB, Mgr,.
Albion, N. Y

A PACKAGE of neatly labelled shells and
curios, 75c If not satisfactory return .'peci-
meu and I will return money. Specimens
must be returned at once if not satisfactory.
W. H. HILLER, 147 W. 23d St , Los Angeles,
California

TO ALL who send me a set (flrst-class) list-
ing at 40 cents will send the following Chin-
ese curiosities; one pair Chop-sticks, 2 uieces
Incense; 3 pieces money; 2 pieces Invitation
Paper, some Chinese characters. HARDY (J.
JACKSON, Russellville, Ky.

FOR SALE.— Pair of live Snowv Owls, fine
healthy birds. CHRIS PAUL FORGE, Col-
lector and Taxidermist, Carman, Manitoba.

SEND 75c for an extra tine collection of
California shells and curios. If not entirely
satisfactory return specimens and I will re-
turn money. (Don't expec t too much). W.
H. HILLER, 147 W. 23d Si , . os Angeles,
Cal.

EXCHANGE.— Ha\e lot ot books: Action,
religious, text-books, etc., to exchange for
first class sets. Also will give Chinese Idol
for September, October and December, '96
Ospreys. HARDY G, JACKSON, Russell-
ville, Kentucky.

BACK VOLUMES OF MAGAZINES.- We
offer following complete sets at the low prices
named. Order quick if wanted. American
Antiquarian vols. 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 un-
bound, per vol. $1.75. American Naturalist,
vol. 1—1808— newly bound, half leather, $4 00.
Ornitholojjist and Oologist 1889-90, bound,
$3.00. The Nidiologist, vol. 3, 90o. The Nat-
uralist, England, for 1805, $1,00. The Ob-
server, vol. 5, 90c. The Observer, vol. 6, 90c.
The Auk, vol 11, $3 00. The Ornithologist
and Oologist, vol. 10, 85c. The Ornithologist
and Oologisc, vol. 7, $1.00. The Ornitholo-
eist and Oologist, vol. 17, 85c, All prepaid.
W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y

FOR EXCHANGE:-100 kinds of Fresh
Water Shells, many rare southern unios, for
birds eggs, sea shells, minerals curios, etc.
W. S. SL'RODE, M. D,, Lewiston, 111.

"shells AND CURIOS from the Gulf
Coast If you mean business and wish to
buy shells and curios cheap send for my illus-
trated price list and save your money. Ad-
dress all orders A, J, BARNES, Dunedin,
Florida.

FOR SALE OR EXCHANGE. -Pair Elk
Antlers, number Buffalo Horns mounted and
unmounted, Bird and Mammal Skins, Ejgs.
etc. Wanted Coues' Key. Ridgeway's Man-
ual, Batty's "How to Hunt and Trap" and
other books on Natural History. CHRIS
FORGE, Carman, Manitoba.

SPLENDID MINERALS ot wonderful
beauty and brilliance constantly on hand at
lowest prices. Many recent arrivals are gor-
geous beyond comparison, and some of the
choicest samples are better than before off'er-
ed for sale. If you wantyiwe minerals it will
pay you to write me. ARPHURN. FULLER,
Lawrence, Kans. Ota

ALCOHOLIC SPECIMENS cheap, prepaid,
by mail. I'ubulatia 20c , campanularia 20c.,
endeudrium 20c , injected arm of starfish
showing canals 25c., sea cucumber 25c., thy-
one or holothuriau 30c,, sea worm 20c., scaly
worm 20c., fine squid 50c . goose barnacle
20c, acorn barnacle 20c., hermit crab 25c.,
rock crab 18c , fiddler crab 20c ,
shrimp 20c , crawfish I5c, fine liz-
ard 50c., tree toad 30c., salamander large 50c.,
Florida frog 40c , many others. The above
20 fine specimans, all in separate veals or jars
prepaid, to one address for $4 00. Special
rates to teachers. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Al-
bion, N. Y.

THE MUSEUM

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

Vol. IV

ALBION, N. Y., JANUARY 15, 189S.

Nc.

Mitchell's Cave.

1'. M. VAN EPrS.

Mitchells Cave is in the heart of
the elevation known as the Little or
South Nose, or as it is locally called
"Nose Hill, " a very prominent feature
in the landscape of the Mohawk Valley
near Sprakers, Montgomery Co., N.
Y. The Little Nose is an elevation
of 740 feet above mean sea level.
The entrance of the cavern is on the
680 foot level and is nearly or quite
one half mile south from the river.

Mitchell's is an anomaly among
caves! Having peril enough in its des-
cent to satisfy the most fastidious
cave-hunter — having its underworld of
stalactite drapery — in its lower cor-
riders springs and pools of water
pools of water held in check by mimic
dams of tufa — with chambers whose
ceilings are hung at such di/2y heights
that no light has yet disclosed them,
yet this fascinating revelation for the
scientist is not a cave in the true sense
of the word as- we ordinarily under-
stand it.

Not only does Mitchell's Cave differ
from the ordinary cavern in the mode
of its origin but also in that it is found
to be situated entirely in the Calcifer-
ous sandstone, a rock formation that
seldom contains caverns of any great
size or extent. The Calciferous sand-
stone strata of eastern New York pre-
sent areas which are found to plenti-
fully abound in seams and joints.
Many of these crevices form the
courses for small subterranean streams
but these streams seldom enlarge their
conduits to any great extent owing, in
part, to the extreme hardness and
tough flinty character of the layers,
but more, to the barrenness of lime in
the Calciferous strata.

Partly to erosion and partly to
chemical decomposition of rock mass-
es by acidulated water are we indebt-
ed for the noted caverns of the world.
These are found invariably to be in
rock strata far richer in lime than is
our Calciferous sandstone, despite its
limy name. The Trenton and Hel-
derberg limestones and still later cal-
careous rocks of Devonian age contain
our greatest caves.

So we find the true cave to be a
series of chambers and corriders — of
passages great and small, torturous
and intricate often; all carved and
worked out by the mechanical and
chemical action of subterranean wa-
ters following the natural seams and
joints of the rock. Here slowly tear-
ing down the solid fabric of the globe:
there more slowly rebuilding in some
fantastic form of pendent alabaster or
stalagmitic growth,

Mitchell's on the contrary, is an
enoimous vertical cleft or rift in the
Calciferous sandstone dividing the sub-
stance of the mountain as though it
had been cheese stricken through with
some enormous cleaver. The portion
of this ancient rent not filled with
glacial detritus and rubbish constitute
the present cave.

The primal caves of this great cleft
we will not here discuss further than
to suggest that it was doubtless pro-
duced by some orogenic movement
widening a pre-existing seam at a time
coincident with the faulting of the en-
tire Mohawk region. Its line of di-
rection is parallel with the faults
crossing the Mohawk country as map-
ped and described in the recent re-
ports of the State Geologist. In fact,
one of the fault lines mapped by Dar-
ton crosses the river but a short dis-
tance to the east; less than a mile.
Could the cleft of Mitchell's Cave be

36

THE MUSEUM.

explored to its very lowest depths it
would most likely be found to extend
downward to the crystalline or gneis-
soid rocks, which at this locality are
found directly underlying the Calci-
ferous. However, the cleft itself is
not a fault line. It may have been,
and doubtless was, produced by the
disturbance of the underlying rock at
the time of the faulting of the region,
but the opposing walls show no verti-
cal displacement. It appears merely
a seam widened by some movement of
the under-crust and afterward partially
modified and made cavern-like in its
lower regions.

The crevice, where exposed under-
ground, is from three to five feet wide,
Except in its very lowest explored por-
ticins where it has been in places erod-
ed and enlarged until a considerable
width has resulted, the farthermost
and deepest charhber being 23 feet
wide. ' '

"'■ It is only in these lower corridors
that Mitchell's bears much resem-
blance to a true cave, for here only do
we find any extensive deposits of stal-
actitic growth, or notice the effects of
decomposition or erosion. Yet

throughout the entire known length
and depth of the cave we do not find
a single side passage or lateral gallery
to excite our curiosity or to tempt the
explorer to thread its unknown mazes.
Nothing but the one great cleft almost
uniform in width except in its lower
depths as before stated.

The problem of exploration, how-
ever, is not so simple as might be in-
ferred frorti the above description.
The tremendous cleft is partially
filled with rocks and debris much of
which has lodged at different heights
forming floors of different slopes and
of greater or less length. These floors
or landings end sudderily making it
"necessary in places to !use a rope to
-attain the next level above or below.
• '■^ Iti- ''dofrig' the cave" we first make a
Vertfcal' descent of 16 feet from the
%tifface,'then,, fQllowing a rapidly slop-
Sng-''3'es<fetrf*'leadiT)g' northward we

come to a very small aperture through
which we must pass would we see the
wonders below and beyond. Just
through this exceedingly "tight squeak"
we find ourselves on the brink of an
overhanging precipice which requires
for its safe descent a strong rope well
fastened to the rocks behind us.
From this onward our only pathway is
along a narrow projecting shelf, jut-
ting but a few inches from the left
wall and which we notice slopes rap-
idly downward until lost in the dark-
ness. It is a dangerous-looking path-
way but the only alternative. Curious
rows of bats, like embryonic fiends,
hang by their hooks along the smooth
perpendicular walls and squeak and
grind their teeth as we pass by. Giv-
en a few flames coming from the
chasm at our feet, --a few choice fat
medieval flames casting wierd up-
shooting Doresque shadows and a
Dante would have nicely appreciated
the scene. The cleft here reaches
open high above us and below our
narrow pathway drops to an unseen
depth. With extreme caution we
brace ourself against the opposing
wall and slowly pick our way along
the narrow and declining path.
Should we slip we would have a ter-
rible fall. However, the depth of this
chasm has been grossly exaggerated.
Said Martin Carson, who visited the
cave in i<S37 — "The passage leading
from the second to the third room was
the most difficult and dangerous part
of the whole descent, there being be-
tween these rooms on the north side
of the passage, which led along a
shelving rock ever wet and slippery, a
deep narrow and perpendicular chasm,
which remindeu us of the bottomless
pit; stones cast into it sent back their
flinty echoes from a depth which we
feared to calculate. Great care was
necessary in passing this dangerous
.openitlg."'' '"

Had Car.ion dropped his hat down
this "bdttotnless' pit" he would, how-
ever, shortly have regained it, for soon
the narrow pathway ends in a jump-

THE MUSEUM.

37

ing-off place. Dropping a few feet
onto a good solid floor we turn abrupt-
ly and pass southward through a long
passage which leads us directly under
the way of danger just passed which
lies many feet above us in the open
cleft. Presently the cleft closes in
over our heads and we tind ourselves
in a tunnel-like passage which still
leads downward. Shortly we arrive
at a place where the passage is en-
larged somewhat in width but it SDon
again contracts.

We have now zigzaged our way
down the ancient cleft to a consider-
able depth and from this point to the
end of the cave we will need no more
ropes. It is either crawl or walk (two
crawls to one walk) but at last after a
miserable journey through an e.xceed-
ingly damp ••worm hole" we emerge
to our delight in a chamber in which
Goliath of Gath might stand erect with-
out any danger of bumping his noddle
or doing damage to the point of his
spear. For, ceiling, -there is none,
at least none visible. "Hold up your
torch." Do you see the roof.' "No!"
We will let off some of those big
Roman candles. The colored balls go
whizzing upwards disclosing the grim
vertical walls far above us but the ceil-
ing they do not reach, nor can we see
it. At our last visit a blazing ball af-
ter reaching the limit of its flight and
partially illuminating for an instant
the tremendous rent, turned, fell a
short distance and then lodged on a
mysterious broad gallery-like shelf
which seemed to extend the length of
the chamber but at an unattainable
height above us. Here its life of light
was almost instantly spent, giving us
but a second's view of the unknown
and leaving the upper darkness more
intense than before.

This chamber, which is of consider-
able size, has an almost level floor.
The angle of meeting between the side-
walls and floor is almost as sharp and
clear-cut as in the room of a house.
Lengthwise across its floor, to the
left, runs a tiny shallow stream of

water. At the extreme end of the
room it is embasined by some minute
dams of calcareous tufa. But the
glory of the chamber is the twin col-
umns of white, which from the floor
to the right, stretch upwards against
the rocky wall far out of sight. This
incrustation of stalactitic growth sim-
ulates two noble pillared forms which
rise alike, then at an equal height
break alike in numerous separate flut-
ed pillarets which again reunite in two
fantastic flowered capitals. From
these ornate capitals the twin col-
umns reach upwards to an unknown
height. We made an attempt to pho-
tograph them but owing to the smoke
from the many torches, and fireworks
used, the result was poor. We should
have exposed our plates at once upon
entering the room.

Leaving the "House of Goliath" at
its farther end we scramble up a pre-
cipitous rock and soon find ourselves
in a chaotic passage where it seems to
have rained big masses of rock, some
of which caught between the oppos-
ing walls and hang threateningly over
our path. Picking our way cautiously
over and under these ponderous blocks
we come to a pause before a low arch-
ed opening, — another "worm-hole."
This "fat-man's-misery," i8 feet in
length, has a nice comfortable floor of
mud and clay but it is the only known
way of access to the Grand Rotunda,
the most beautiful and largest room
of the cave. The Grand Rotunda is
52 feet in length, half as wide, and,
like the House of Goliath, has no vis-
ible ceiling. Martin Carson speaks of
this chamber as the thirteenth room,
the largest of the cavern, and de-
scribes it as being a large rotunda
studded with beautiful stalactites of
various shapes and sizes.

At our visit in November, 1896, we
found the difficult entrance to this
chamber half-filled with water and
consequently did not attempt to enter.
To accomplish the feat one has to lay
flat and slowly twist and wiggle
through. However, I shall append a

38

THE MUSEUM.

short description of the chamber, kind-
ly given me by C. F. Van Home, who
visited the cave in August, 1882, and
at various subsequent dates. "No
dome or ceihng was visible, the walls
on every side being lost from view in
the mystic shades above, and resem-
bling high pillars with their masses of
stalactites. '•■' "'•" - From an ex-
treme coiner of the Rotunda an in-
clining passage led toward a pond of
water about 15 feet in circumference
and three feet deep, beyond was solid
rock and further progress was impos-
sible. Undoubtedly we had arrived at
the river Styx and just beyond our
sight was the 'dark Plutomian shore.'
"■•" ""■ * Nearly the whole floor
of the Rotunda was covered with stal-
agmites. The columns of stalactites
were fluted in fantastic shapes and in
some places jutting out resembled high
epaulettes."

The Prothonotary Warbler.

Sunday, May 24, 1895, was the day
we had set to hunt for the nests of the
swamp warbler, Prothonotaria citrca.
By we I mean Dr. J. R. Maguire and
wife and the writer and wife. The lo-
cality that we desired to search was a
half mile of swamp land lying between
Grass and Thompson lake, about eight
miles from Lewiston, 111. The doctor
is a good Presbyterian, but is so thor-
ough a naturalist, that he has no com-
punctions of conscience on the subject
of collecting birds eggs, shells, o" geo-
logical specimens on the Sabbath day.
After bendmg over a dentist's chair all
the week, he believes' it no sin to get
off to the woods on Sunday and revel
in the beauties of nature, but he draws
the line on a gun. As for the writer,
well, he is so agnostic that it does not
matter much what he believes.

After an early dinner we drove to
the swamps, arriving about two
o'clock. Making our horses safe and
comfortable, we at once plunged into
the low scraggy growth of willow and
ash. There was a plenty of holes in
the live trees as well as in the old dead

snags and stumps to afford nesting
places suitable to the wants of the
warblers. And they were here in great
numbers, their clear whistling notes
were to be heard on all sides. The
ground was almost dry and had it not
been for the tiag and smart weed, the
hunting would have been quite easy
compared with other seasons when it
all had to be done in boats. Never-
theless the ladies decided to accom-
pany us, and in order to cover the
ground in the shortest possible time,
we agreed to divide forces, the doctor
and wife to hunt down the slough to-
wards the head of Thompson, while
the writer and wife would hunt up
towarfis the foot of Grass lake. The
swamp was full of nests of the bronzed
grackle, red-wings and doves. Some
of the nests of the grackles contained
full complements of fresh eggs, while
in others were young birds almost
ready to fly. We selected a few sets
of the finest that we could find and
paid no further attention to them dur-
ing the rest of the day. We were not
out for such common game. It was
only a few minutes after we had sepa-
rated until I had found my first set of
the warblers, and a shout from down
the swamp told me that the doctor had
also made a find. Mine was a set of
six, a good starter, the nest in the
cavity of Ja rotten snag about as high
as my head, the female flying out al-
most in my face when I tapped on the
trunk. In less than twenty minutes
another set of five was found and a
more distant shout from the doctor
announced the fact that he also was in
luck. The next nest was in a hole on
the under side of a tree that had brok-
en half off with the top end lying on
the ground. This was a set of six.
Every fifteen or twenty minutes a nest
would be found until we came to the
treeless district at the foot of Grass
lake. The view here was a vast sea of
i^ag and watarpepper, surrounding
about thirty acres of open water. The
whistling and chattering of the coots,
gallinules and dabchicks, was to be

THE MUSEUM.

39-

heard in every direction, but as it was
not their nesting time for a moiitli yet,
we did not care to wade into this al-
most impenetrable cane-brake of Hag
and mud to seek for them.

Reversing our course we turned our
faces back towards Thompson and
searched on the other side of the
slough. Quite a number of male red-
wings followed us for some distance
scolding severely for our intrusion in
their haunts. In a dense thicket of
yellow birch a nest of the wood thrush
was found containing three fresh eggs.
Several more nests of the prothonotary
■were found and down near the lake a
nest of the house wren containing sev
en finely marked eggs. At this end
the lake is only about a quarter of a
mile wide, but further down it widens
to a full mile and it is five in length.
*It is a beautiful sheet of water and an
ideal place for the collecting naturalist
and in the proper season for the
sportsman. During the migration of
fall and spring thousands of pehcans,
geese, ducks, and many other varities
of water fowl, frequent these waters.
Ex-President Harrison has spent one
or two seasons here during the shoot-
ing season. The lake is full of game
fish and in its waters are to be found
some of the finest fresh water shells in
the country. In the hundreds of acres
of flag the coots, gallinules, rails,
grebes and least bitterns, find suitable
nesting places. The woodcock is a
nester here, and I have taken the eggs
of the hairy, downy, red-bellied, yel-
low-bellied and red-headed woodpeck-
ers, while the great pileated may be
seen in the bigger timber at almost
any season of the year.

While the whip-poor-will usually
prefers the uplands, I have several
times found its eggs in this low coun-
try, and the cuckoos and night hawks
are very common, as are several va-
rieties of the vireos, warblers and the
Baltimore oriole. A little farther back
in the big timber the great horned and
barred owls and the red'tailed and
Cooper's hawk are common nesters.

A busy doctor with almost every hour
of his time demanded by the sick gets
but little time to look after all these
oological treasures.

W'^ll, by and by we got back to our
buggies and after a lunch of pie, cake
and fruit, we sized up our finds for the
afternoon. About twenty sets of the
warblers, eight of the grackles, six of
the red-wings, one of the wren and
one set of four yellow-breasted cuck-
oos. The warblers were all sets of five
and six, and upon the whole we were
very well pleased with our four hour's
work. The nests were invariably
made of green moss taken from the
roots of the willow trees, and in a few
cases a little fine grass was used as a
lining. The female was nearly always
flushed from the ca\ity containing the
nest and a minute afterwards would be
joined by the malt, who would be
very loud and boisterous in his pro-
tests at our proceedings. In former
excursions after these eggs I have
nearly always had to seek for them in
a boat, but this season on account of
the low stage of the lake, it was dry
land work.

The drive home was most charming.
The forest gave one the idea of an en-
chanted land. An almost tangible
atmosphere seemed to envelop the
scene and to whisper a worldless lan-
guage. The pale evening sky, through
and beyond the massive tree trunks,
as we left the swamp, resembled the
broad expanse of a placid sea. Be-
yond the forest the open country sud-
denly bathed itself in sunlight, the pale
sky breathed for a moment a rosy
sweetness, then o\er all fell the vague
shadows of the day's decline:

Dr. W. S. Stkodil, Lewiston, 111.

Ohio State Academy of Science.

We are indebted to Mr. I'. E. Mas-
terman of Ohio, for some notes on the
meeting of the Ohio Academy of
Science held at Columbus, Ohio, on
the 2Kth and 29th of last month. The
sessions were held at Orton hall on, the
Ohio State University grounds. On

40,

THE MUSEUM

the morning of the 28th a short busi-
ness meeting was held after which the
program was opened. Some of the
most interesting papers were as fol-
lows: "Additions to the list of Odo-
nata of Ohio," by D. S. Kellicott;
"Pileated Woodpecker in Ohio, Pick-
ering's Hylodes in Ohio, and the Least
Weasel in Ohio," by E. W. Vickers;
"List of Liverworts of Cuyahoga, List
of Plants New to Ohio, and Abnormal-
ities in Plants," by Edo Claassen;
"Ustilago heiliana and Distribution of
the Green Ash in Ohio," by W. A.
Kellerman; "Some additions to the
Known Insect Fauna of Ohio," by F.
M. Webster; "Notes on the Pleisto-
cene Geology in the vicinity of Devil's
Lake, Wis.," by J. A. Bownocker;
"Notes on the Salt-marsh Plants of
Northern Kansas," by J. H. Shaffner;
"Science in the High Schools," by
Miss Mary F. Law; "Science in the
Country School," by E. E. Master-
man; "A study of Cell Division in the
Pine," by F. L. Fulmer; "Embry-
ology of a Dicotyl," Miss L. E. Rid-
dle, "Additions to the List of Plants
of Ohio," E. L. Moseley; "A New
Species of Fish from Ohio, a List of
the Fishes of Franklin County, Ohio,
and a List of the Crayfishes of Ohio,"
by R. C. Osburn and F. B. William-
son.

The president's address was given in
the evening. The topic was "Does
Modern Science Furnish an Adequate
Philosophy of Human Life, " by \V.
A. Kellerman.

Some of the papers presented on
the 29th were as follows: "The Ohio
River a Result of Glacial Conditions,
and the evidence of an Ice-dam at
Cipcinnati," by Gerard Fowke; "Evi-
dence as to the Origin of the Islands
of Lake Erie, " by E. L. Moseley;
"Dynamical Modifications of Quart-
zite," by J. A. Bownocker; "The
Junction of the Blue and Yellow Clays
in the Drift of Northern Ohio," A. A.
Wright, also "Recent Beaches at San-
dusky Bay and Sodus Bay," by same
author^ "The Butterflies of Ohio," by

J. S. Hine; "Some Sources of the
Ohio Flora," A. D. Selby. "Revision
of the Ohio Plants and Spermatophyta
Rare or New to the Ohio Flora," by
W. A. Kellerman; "Erratic Boulders
in the Valley of the Rocky River," by
Edo Claassen.

Mr. Masterman in his article on
"Science in the Country School" ex-
hibited a large number of specimens
accumulated by himself and classes in
that line of work. It was shown that
the boys and girls are amply capable
of comprehending and learning science
when presented to them in a way that
they can understand it. We hope to
hear more about this subject in the
near future from Mr. Masterman, who
has had remarkable success in this line.

In the paper of Mr. E. L. Moseley
on "The Evidence as to the Origin of
the Islands of Lake Erie," it was
shown that Lake Erie was formerly
much lower than now. The islands
formed a part of the main land. The
lake had gone down below its present
level and has now been rising for some
centuries. The main evidence was
that the flora and fauna include every
species that is generally distributed on
the main land, five hundred and
sixty-six species of flora were found by
the writer on six islands investigated.

Prof. Stephens of the Columbus
North High School made some strong
arguments for science in the High
Schools. One of the main arguments
was based on the need of attractive
and interesting subjects to put a stu-
dent at ease in his new surrougdings
and tie him to the school. It is
acknowledged that science is such a
study. Mathematics develop the
reasoning power, Latin gives dicipline,
English helps the pupil to express his
ideas propdfrly. There is nothing to
connect him with the world about him.
A study to develop the powers of
observation is needed and to interest
the pupil.

The president's address was sjSeCial-
ly interesting^ and we regret that we
cannot print it in full. .

THE MUSEUM.

41

THE MUSEUM.

A Monthly Magazine devoted to Ornithology,

Oology, Mollusca, Echinodermata,

Mineralogy and Allied

Sciences.

Walter F. Webb, Editor and Manager
Albion. N. Y.

Correspondence and Items of Interest <m above top-
toa, as well as notes on the various Museums of the
World— views from same, discoveries relative to the
handling and keeping of Natural History material.
descriptive habits of various species, are solicited
from all.

Make articles as brief as possible and as free from
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Sntertd at Albion pott-office at second-class mail matter

The American Archaeologist now
entering upon its second volume and
year, promises to be much better if
that is possible) than in the past. It
is doubtless the most copiously illus-
trated of the special magazines and the
only one on this continent treating of
prehistoric man which is of interest
and written "down" to the average
student. Published at Columbus, O.,
by the Landon Ptg. and Pub. Co., at
$1.50 per year.

The California Geysers.

The remarkable hot springs, which
are commonly called by the above
name, are situated in the north-easter-
ly part of Sonoma County, Calif.,
some twenty miles from the southern
extremity of Clear Lake. The writer
recently visited this spot, and so great-
ly enjoyed both the journey and scen-
ery that he would fain induce hun-
dreds of others to go and do likewise.

To reach the Geysers is" not a diffi-

cult undertaking. We will suppose
that you are in San Francisco and
that you come to the ferry at half
past seven in the morning. Step on
board the large ferry-boat, take a com-
fortable seat on the upper deck and
in a few moments the journey will be-
gin. The whistle blows, the wheels
revolve, the rudder directs the course
of the boat to the north, and you are
swiftly speeding past the city front
with its crowded wharves and ware-
houses, and in a little time you are
feeling the gentle swell which comes
in through the golden gate. On past
Alcatraz, with its ramparts and its
guns, and you are soon skirting along
the western side of Angel island. In
a hollow which comes down to the
water's edge is the military settlement
and there may be seen barracks, offi-
cers' houses, and store buildings pret-
tily grouped around a central park,
while on the side of the hill stands a
little church, nestling among the oaks,
and above this may be seen the white
stones and crosses which mark the last
resting places of soldiers who have
died in the service. The whole forms
a very peaceful picture, though the
subject is grim and warlike. A few
minutes more brings you to Point Ti-
buron, where you leave the boat and
take the train, and presently you are
speeding along the San Francisco and
North Pacific Railway. The road
winds among the oak-dotted knolls
where it can, and plunges through the
\ ery heart of the hills where it must,
until it reaches the pretty town of San
Rafael. Uuite a long tunnel is neces-
sary to let you out on the northern
side, and then you glide along the
edge of salt marshes, with here and
there's turn behind low hills, till you
reach Petaluma. Some of the land
which you have just passed is as rich
as any in the state, as the sleek herds
of cattle and heavily laden orchards
plainly testify.

And now you enter the broad So-
noma \'allcy, where level and pro-
ductive fields spread out for miles dn

42

THE MUSEUM.

either side; pause a moment at the
county seat Santa Rosa, a thriving
city in the midst of fertile plains, hast-
en past smaller towns, cross the Rus-
sian River below Healdsburgh, where
it turns away to the west to seek the
coast among forests of redwood, and
following its western bank you come
to the town of Cloverdale. You are
now near the head of the valley, the
green slopes of the mountains are
close upon you on the west, and brok-
en hills rise to the east. You have al-
ready passed in the distance the noble
Saint Helena, and many desser peaks
belonging to the eastern range of
mountains, but here the valley has be-
come so narrow that you are not sur-
prised to learn that for many years
this was the terminus of the railroad.
However, it has now been extended to
Ukiah, the county seat of Mendocino
County. Should you continue your
excursion to that point, you would be
amply repaid for the road winds along
the bank of the river in the most ro-
mantic fashion. Now you can look
down into the clear water and see
speckled trout, now you pass under
the boughs of giant oaks.

Again you are in the darkness of a
tunnel, and in a moment look back on
a high cliff, whose base the river has
been assaulting for centuries. The
valley broadens at length, and the
rich fields are green with hop vines or
covered with ripened grain or set
with young fruit trees. A few 'miles
beyond Ukiah the hills close in again,
and you are at the source of the Rus-
sian River, while just across the divide
are the brooks which flow northward
and form some of the numerous
branches of the Eel River, which em-
pties into the ocean near Eureka.
But this part of the journey, though
interesting, is not essential to a visit
to theGeysers. The stage for the springs
leaves Cloverdale soon afternoon and
makes the journey of 1 8' miles in three
to four htours. You first cross the Rus-
sian River, and as you proceed to the
hills vOu soon ' mefet and ford one of

its tributaries, the sulphur-tinctured
Pluton. This stream comes down a
great lateral valley from the eastern
hills, and along the sides of this val-
ley, first on the north and then on the
south, has been constructed the stage
toll road. It would be hard to find a
wilder or more beautiful road in any
of the vallejs of California. The
curves are innumerable, the precipit-
ous descents which it barely but safely
avoids are sufficient to stir the blood
of the boldest, while the grand old
trees, oak, maple, and laurel, are ma-
jestic and inspiring. Especially as
one is coming down the valley in the
cool of the morning does the view
seem superb. Were there no wonders
beyond to be seen, the ride up and
down the Pliim. gorge is well worth
the moderate price which is asked.
But at length you smell sulphur and
know you are near the end of your
journey. The hotel is before you, a
series of low but comfortable build-
ings in the midst of fine old trees, and
on the other side of the brook you get
a glimpse of columns of steam ascend-
ing from unknown sources. You are
an.xious to explore at once, but are ad-
vised to wait until the early morning;
meanwhile, you can visit the commod-
ious bath-house and refresh yourself
with a bath of steam "hot from Tar-
tarus" and a swim in a tank of luke-
warm mineral water, heated in na-
ture's own kettle.

The next morning you are up be-
fore the sun, and taking a basket of
breakfast on your arm you set Out to
explore the mysterious canyon. At
various intervals along your path are
springs of cold or warm water, each
one having its own peculiar taste ac-
cording to the nature of the minerals
which are held in solution. Sulphur
compounds, soda and alum, with salts
of' iron and magnesium are the princi-
pal ingredients. Frcim some of the
springs the beverage is so' hot that you
must cool it before putting to your
Mps. and in general you ^are satisfied
to sample the water rather gingerly.

THE MUSEUM.

43

The product of one sprinp; is called
"hot lemonade" and it flows forth in a
copious stream from the subterranean
mixing bowl. You acknowledge the
"hoi" but are inclined after a trial to
discredit the appropriateness of the
latter name. Vou prefer the some-
what more technical term "An acidu-
lated solution of the double sulphate
of aluminum arid potassium." How-
ever, some people love to drink it.
Hot springs and steaming banks
abound over cjuite a large region, but
the largest and most violent manifest-
ations are found in the bed of a side
canyon, which comes down from the
north to Pluton River. It is a deep
V shaped gorge almost devoid of veg-
tation, and its steep walls are covered
with masses of mineral matter, mostly
of brownish yellow color, though vary-
ing in hue from white to jet black.
Along the bottom tumbles a stream of
hot water, which receives accessions
from each new spring. Various small
hot springs attract your attention as
you enter the can\on, but your inter-
est centers in the "witches' caldrouii'
about half way up the gulch. This is
a basin about some 20 sect square,
partly filled with, rocks and showing
different degrees of activity on two of
its sides. Ne.\t to the path it is mod-
erately quiet, but near the bank it is
in most violent-commotion. A huge
column of steam continually ascends
from the surface somewhat obscuring
the view, but as the wind shifts it a
little, you get a view of the water,
jumping, boiling, foaming, lashing,
while from a cleft in the rocks, at brief
intervals spurts out a fountain of hot
spray, which sails into and is mi.xed
with the seething waters below.

The points of interest are numer-
ous; one wishes to spend hours in ex-
amming these remarkable phenomena.
Here is a kind of oven opening into
the hill; you listen, and from within
you hear the hoarse gurgle and groan
of the iniprisoned steam. . Here it
comes whiz/ing out from beneath a
rock, reminding you of the safety

valve of a locomotive; there on the
bank is a gentle steaming cleft, and
around the outlet are the most deli-
cate needle shaped crystals or sulphur
arranged like frost work on a cold
pane. In the water of one spring is a
black, inky mud; in another are layers
of rich brown, pink and purple, while
a bright green water moss seems to
thrive in the warm flow, and forms
another color in the mass, of brilliant
tints. Here are leave's of delicate,
showy crystals of Epsom salts, there
are coatings of green coppei-as, and
all about you are sug'fjestions "for a
wondrously beautiful and harmonious
carpet. ,,':

Farther up the hilf you find cool,
shady trees, where you are glad to
stop and rest, and then if you are dis-
posed you can climb the mountains
and look ofT on the blue waters of
Clear Lake. On your return to Clov-
erdale, you pa.ss several bands of
campers, who have pitched their tents
near the river,' and you'.commend their
wisdom in selecting" so romantic and
attractive a spot. Deer are on the
hills, trout in the streams, cool wa-
ters, and shady streams abound, and
the peace of nature is over all.

From a scientific point of view, the
(jeysers of California are of great in-
terest. To some they suggest the
heated condition of the interior of the
earth, but the irresistible conclusion
which comes to the mind of one who
studies all the phenomena, is that the
heat is caused by the decomposition of
immense quantities of sulpherets con-
tained in the surrounding and under-
lying rocks, and that the various min-
erals with which the waters are charg-
ed are the results of the varied and
extensive chemical changes which are
constantly taking place.

Lafayette's Museum Burned.

Pardee hall, erected for the scien-
tific department of Eafayette College,
Easton, Pa., was visited by a very
disastrous fire early on Saturday morn-
ing, Dec. 1 8th.

44

THE MUSEUM.

The hall consisted of one central
building, five stories in height, fifty-
three feet front and eighty three feet
deep with two lateral wings, one on
each side, each sixty-one feet long and
thirty-one feet wide, four stories in
height, including a mansard roof, the
whole terminating in two cross wings,
each forty-two feet front and eighty-
four feet deep, and four stories high.
The entire length of the building was
two hundred and fifty-six feet. It was
built of Trenton brown stone with
Ohio sand stone trimmings. It was
heated throughout by steam and
lighted by gas.

The fire originated in the biological
laboratory on the second floor of the
west wing. This is the second time
the building has suffered through fire.

Pardee hall, the magnificent gift of
Ario Pardee, was erected in 1873 but
was destroyed June 4, 1879. It was
immediately rebuilt on the same di-
mensions and external appearance as
the original with the money realized
from insurance and donations and was
reopened on November 30, 1880, with
imposing ceremonies. There were in
attendance Rutherford B. Hayes, then
president of the United States, to-
gether with Hon. Alex. Ramsey, Sec-
retary of War; Hon. Horace Maynard,
Postmaster General; Gen. W. T.
Sherman; Hon. John Jameson, Super-
intendent of Railway Mail Service;
Hon. John Eaton, U. S. Commission-
er of Education; President Gilman of
John Hopkins University; Governor
of Pennsylvania and many other dis-
tinguished persons.

The Ward library was located in
the west lateral wing and consisted of
10,000 volumes. Among its treasures
were books which dated back to 1520.
It contained autograph letters, maps,
engravings and many rare and valu-
able books such as "Raleigh's History
of the World," "America, an Accurate
Description of the New World," and
the "Cromwelliana, " containing a
number of old portraits and facsimiles
of the historical records relating to

the times of Cromwell This entire
library was destroyed. It was valued
at $20,000. The Washington Society
library consisting of 4,000 books was
also destroyed.

The following collections were total-
ly destroyed: The mineral collection
of the late Prof. Silliman and one
made in the Rocky Mountains by S.
J. Coffin; the Asiatic collection of the
late Rev. Elias R. Beadle, costing
$5,000 and donated by the late Wm.
H. Kemble of Philadelphia; the Lop-
sius Egyptian monument collection
valued at $2,000, and other natural
history objects.

It was at first surmised that the en-
tire herbarium of Rev. Dr. T. C.
Potter, professor emeritus of geology
and botany, was also destroyed but it
has since been found that his collection
of Penna flora, the most valuable in
extent, has been saved, and of the
North American flora only about one
third has been lost.

FOR SALE. — A complete set of the "Forest
and Stream" 47 volumes, bound with leather
backs and paper covered sides, and the re-
maining numbers unbound. The entire set
for $100 cash. A rare bargain. Address at
once WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion.N.Y.

THREE dollars will buy 112 varieties of
foreign and native woods, or will exchange
for woods not in my collection. LOUIS W.
HALM, Box 360, Silver •Creek, Chautauqua
Co., N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE —Naturalist and stamp
papers and books, mineral from Dakota, Cali-
fornia, Colorado and South America. Relics
from South and East. Fossils, shells and cur-
ios. Send offers and list-*. All letters and
postals answered. JACOB HARTER, No. 38
North 49i St., Phila, Pa.

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THE MUSEUM.

45

T'"- OSF-^REY

NOW rrm.isiiKi) kkom

Nn\ \ORK.

t';irri<-.l liithtT liy result of its siici-fssfiil puh-
licalio;!.

Atiiiui); ihi' feiiliMvs of the comina niniiilis iiro
iiitpri'sliiii; iirlK-U-s ami pbi.tngiiiphs liy
«i"ll know iintiinili^ts. lehitive to Cuba
(■rccniand, AhiMka, Mexico, etc.

In • I'liy Ho.)liys of ihe Kt vill< gigitli) Is-
lanils,' Mr. A. W Anlliony tells of the Red-
footed, Uhio f.iieil. unci Hivwster'.s Hoohj's as
ho nu'l h'uIi them on his expeilitions into
Mexican water.; Six wonderfully interest
iog photographs picture lo us the curious
birds a- they are, alive, on these Pacilic is-
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the gold excitement lone enough to send The
(JsfUK^ some exeellont photographs of Alas-
kan birds. Also many other photographs
from nature are to appear, in numbers and
iiuality only fi|ualleil by those foucd in 'liiK
U.sl'KKV Aitidis are con.>-lanlly appearing
by the best oriiil liological writeis an<l men of
national rtpiilaiion. Ix-.^iilcs uriicles and notes
by lield naturalists, adiqunte in tbeiuselves to
sustniti 'IllE OsrKEV's reputation as the rep-
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Mgr. Albinii. N Y.

THE AMERICAN

ARCH/EOLOGIST.

Fan:.i::Ri-Y The Anticuakiak.

A Mortlily Ar-thropolofical KaTa:Iro DcsicneJ for

Students, Scientists, Colltcicrs and Sealers

in Katcral History Specimens.

V0\7 i:r ITS EECCITD VCLUKE.

PnMlslied on the IStli cf each morth ty Tha Landon

Prlntlne and Fnblishinir Co., 20 East

Broad Street, Colcmhuc, Chio.

ItiJntly coninctcJ, TTcU CEt-tllshed, and nnmbers
uiioni; its writers cad conlribntors the first scientists
ind schoLirs cf o-.-r cocatry. tvery Issne contain:
\/c;ii!lnsiratcJ jiajcr son tcpics relating to Primitive
riinhcrcan't c!scwi;(rc, irclo'llre tl:e reUcs ard re-
'^a-us cf Puctio aud r!:if Dwellliiglndiart ; the
Monnds a-.d ll:-zri Erildcrs of the United States;
prehistcr.c r-.:r,3 and Art werlis cf ricxico. Central
and Son lU America; discrssioLS of r'c-»lccial can in
Ancrlci; cirjy r--3 Ij Errcje aid A.":a; ttc statLS
a.-dEat:r2llil3tcry cf rccc.^teavc'-elicr.■=, tc, 4c.

It rnM;:h'3 latcrCLt'.-er iter:s frcn c'.:rcir'-r<'ciit:
I3 cv ryr^tcf tliecoantry.rrddCTotcsmcchatter-
t^on to the wants of CcUcctrs r-d Dealers. All
recent pub'^catioiis of sclcnt.'Uc vr'ne are reviewed
monthly; It gives aa accozzt cf fU recent archao
logical Clscovcrlcs ai:d n .V73 ; ar 1 iilnstrates the rare
and nnlav.ecpccincLscfrrlTc'o end pnblic collections.

There isro o'.::';riroit£il7i:>air.".lcf t:-.ischcracter
rubllshedlj tie world for tl^j eOiacatl^iiof thf^eer-
cral pntUc, as well as for the staJcrt. It aics to dis-
seminate knowledire which c.-.nnct t-; pained from
otter CD^rccs, and publishes technical pap rs ard fov-
cmmcnt reports, which are not avaiMble to the pcn-
eralrcadcr, ard Is indispensible to ell pcrsors irtcr-
cited In the stady cr the coUectioa cf tie rcUcs d
prir.ltive man.

Its rrice is within the reach cf en, r-d affords ttf
rriv:ic-es of tl;e preat libraricc, cmbined v/ith
Archaeolofflcal treatises, as ih-.y appear irom tiirc to
tizie. Havlr? a wide and increasing circulation, it
coastltntcsoreof the best irediums in orr country fcr
alvcrtisln? the bcsiness of Curio Dealers, Taiiier-
cists and Naturalists.

Ealscrlpticn price, SI. 50 per year.

A copy wUl he seci free to any one sending cs iczr
sciscribers ezd six doUars.

100 Specimens to Any Address for $1.

Curio.sities for the collectors. Nice speci-
lueus for your cabinet. Beautiful collections
for table and mantle.

10) Nice .Sea .Shells 2.^0., 20 Choice Speci-
mens 27i- , 10') Mi.xed Coins $3 00, 1 dozen
Arrow l'oint>i .^0e.. 12 ISeaiitiful Mi.\fd Olive
.Shells ."iOc , 80 Tropical Woods and Botanical
Specimens $1.(10. all i)repaid.

500,000 specimens in stock from all parts of
the world. Every thing perfect. Salisfac
tion guarantf ed or money refunded. Send
stamp for bargain list and drawinjfs. AUor-
ilers promptly lillcd.

JOHN B. WHEELER,
East Templeton, Mass.

JAMES P. BABBITT,

Wholesale and I{etail Dealer in " .

Taxidermists' Supplies," Bird-,
Skins, Eggs and Publications^

TAUNTON. MASS.

Our Urt'e Tn?Tilil.v l)\rt|i^tii ofi.;g)^ti«<j.-Egpa,f*lc. free
up<in appllcailon. "

46

THE MUSEUM,

No. 1 Rival Camera and Outfit.

ConsistiDK of Camera Plate, Printins; Frame. Blue
Process Paper, Card Mount, Box of Hypo,, Ruby
Lamp, Paper, bottle of dry Developer, book of in-
.structions. Price, 50c, Postage, 10c.

Rival No, 3 same as above but better outfit with
time and iDstantineous shutter, SI, Postage, l.ic,

"MlNIiTCRE" PHOTOGRArH CAMERA AND OHTITIT,

This Camera has a Plate Holder and ground focuss-
ing glass, detached from the Camera, You can have
extra Plate Holders, Tlie "Miniature" has a Genuine
Lens that will take pictures eqtial to much higher
priced cameras. The outfit consists of a prettily fin-
ished Camera with Genuine Lens, ground or focussing
glass in frame. Improved Plate Holder. Dry Plates,
Developer, Hypo, Toning Chemicals, Sensitized Paper.
Instructions, all packed in a neat box. Price, com-
plete, SI, 03, Pottage, l.ic.

The "Perfect" Camera and Printing- Outfit,

Price of the Perfect, iuclnding one Plate Holder and
Complete Developing nud Prmting Outlit JI.F.O,
Ext ress prepaid for I.io, E.xtra Plate Holders, 2,ic.
Write for catalggue, please mention name of paper-

FREDERICK L. SILVEY.

100 Na=.';,-iii St , New York,

^A/RITE US

for our CatilosuB of Scientific and Lit-
erary Courses of Study. We are uoakinfc a
revoliiiion in Conespoadeuce StiK)y, 7 3
coursp.s :iie oU'ered for 1898, fnilirac'ms 8
languages and 20 courses in iin'.hcniatiis,
besides many ollier.s. Send quick.

The Correspondence School of Science d Literatuiti,

BiTliaiii J. Bisliop, Priuoipal.

Wyandotte, Mich.

GEO. G. CANTWELL,

JUNEAU, ALASKA,

Rare Alaskan, Birds'
Eggs and Indian Curios.

vlust bacli from an extensive
collecting trip along the coast.

5.x8 views of llie gold fields. JiiDe.iii, Dyea,
tJkagaway, Chilkat Pass, IVlines eiii-niite and
all points of interest almong the Yukon,

50c cacb. $5.00 itssorted dozen.

Send for price list.

This is my
Proposition.

Let me send, for Tour in.spection, charf^es postpaid,
35 of the Kaiiioiis Quartz Crystals found at
this place. It this collecilon of UriUiani t Irui.-i pleases
you, kindly .send 70 cents only, otherwise return the
collection 'and it will be O, li. Highest Award at the
World's Fair, Order today,

2to A. B. CRIM,

9IidaieviIIe, HerUinier Co., ?*. Y.

Sketches of Some
Common Birds,

By Prof. P. M. Silloway. of Illinois.

No belter hook could le ,=elecled for a Nat-
uralist friend. It is only $1 TiO prepaiil. Send
at ouce. o.j2 pages, linely bound in cloth, and
beautifully illustrated liy halftones,

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr.,
ALBION, N, y

Look Over Your old Magazines

If you have any numbers or complete sets
of auv old magK/.ines, such as Niilologists,
Ospreys O6ulogi>t & Orniihologisls and es-
pecially back iiuuil)ei's of the one hundred
and one small ornithological uublii-alions is-
sued between l.'-8U and 1897, send us list at
once. We will tive good exchange for any
old back iiumljers of papers devoted to nat-
ural science. Let us hear from jou at once.

W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,

Albion, N. Y.

50 YEARS'
EXPERIENCE

Trade Marks
Designs
Copyrights &c.

Anyone gendiiig a sketch nnd description may
quickly :X3<'ert;iin onr opinion free whether nn
Invention i*; prohnlilv p.atentjilile, Cnninnuiica-
tionsstrictlvfniitirtoiitial. Handbook on Patents
sent free. oliU-st :iL'eiicy for securing patents.

Patents talcon Ilin.uKh Mlinn & Co. receive
special riotke, wiltnuit clian-'C, in the

Scientific Htnerican*

A handsomely illustrated weekly. Iinrpest cir-
( .'Kition of any srientiflc journal. Tornia. $3 a
V'-ir; four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers.

|:'JNN&Co.3«'«^''^''"='^' New York

raoch Olllce. C25 F St., Washington. D. C.

WAN I'ED.— U. S. Ba.tertiies and Moths
and li\ e Cocoons for cash or good exchange
in U. S. and Eiiroiieaii Lepidnpiera. CHAS.
SCHLIETER, (iOl Christiana Ave,, Chicago,
III, 2toD

THE MUSEUM.

47

STAMPS.

Packet, No. 1, $1.

CoDtaiDs about so Hritisli ('(ilonisils wliu'h
fiitalojjiie ovi'i- $1.00; 2.'0 other foreign that
i-atalogue over $3.00, and V. t>. that will cata-
loRuo over $■,' (ill

A better paekot for the price has uover
been olTered.

Packet No. 2. 20 Cents or 20 One Cent
Stamps. 125 Varieties.

Our cheapest and quickest seller. No
cheap countries represented but 125 different
stamps frnin sueh countries as Hawaii, Brazil,
Russia. Great Britain. African and French
Colonies. Portugese, Sjjanish, etc.

Packet No. 3 30 Cents or 30 One Cent
Stamps.

This is a IJttlo Huninicr. ; 130 varieties
from the same countries as No. 2, but higher
priced stamps. You can put 00 in a collect-
ion and trade or sell the oalauce for more
than it cost you.

Packet No 4, 50 Cents.

British Colonies only.

This packet should please any one. It
contains 75 dili'erent British and British Col-
onies, such as the Canadas, Queensland,
Trinidad. Cvprus. Jamaica. Western Aus-
tralia. New Zealand, Tasmania. New South
Wales, Cape of Good Hope, Mauritius, British
Guiana, etc.

Packet No, 5, $5.

A liue start for a collection of U. S. stamps.

The uau3?d U. S stamps alone catalogue
over one half the price of the packet.

The used stamps catalogue over ••? 10 00.

It contains stamps from issues of 1851, 1857,
1H81, Wi'i. 186U and so on up to 1894, stamps
from the de; artmeots and a number of scane
envelopes. This packet is a bargain.

25c.

No. 6.

25c.

One thousand stamps from all parts of the
world for only 25c. Postage of 4c must ac-
company this order.

Packet No. 10, $10.

The 1,100 varieties — all difTerent — put up by
countries in separate envelopes and enclosed
in one packet, a collection in itself. This is a
packet that is usefid to a small dealer as well
as to a collector. It contains a wide range
of stamps, including many very scarce and
desirable stamps. This is an exceptional
offer and we expect this to win us many fu-
cure customers.

The Return Mail Stamp Co,, Dubuqe. Iowa,

When answering advertisernents al-
ways mention THE MUSEUM.

BOOKS AT A SACRIFICE.

We liuve ;iliaUK'i'(l Willi w I>luiillll.<llt I'ulilliihiUK Co.
i)t New Viiik to supply our readers, wlih .some good
up 1 3 date books at H very low rate. Here Is the list.

FAMOUS BOOKS BY FAMOUS AUTHORS.

hi r.uir ^'loup.s. ,M, 1, ,1 iiisUuil .sijle .if lili-rature.

Group A.— Five books that help to make the
world heiter iiud wiser. These l)0<iks will live forever.
They are today recognized as helui; anioug the most
helpful and Instructive works ever wrltteu. Kach is
the masterpiece of its respective author.

I H.'sule the Bonnie Ilrier Busb. <I82 pages.) By-
Ian Marliiren.

■-' Ulaek Beauty. (2l,TpaRes.) By Anna Sewel).

a Dniinniond's Addresses. \^i,^'^ papes.) By Henry
IJriimniond.

•1 Ten Nights in a Bar lioom. (in ) pages.) By T. S.
Arthur.

ft jEsops Fables. (IW pages, '.a illustrations.)
Translated by Kev. G. l*'. Townsend.

Oroup B.— Hy the recognized ni.ister of English
Koiuauce. Each a classic JIterary gem.

1 The Cricket on the Hearth. (178 pages.) By
Charle.s Uickens.

•i Single Heart and Double Face, (l.i" pages.) By
Chariest Keade.

.3 The Yellow Mask. iir» pages.) By Wilkle Col-
lins.

4 Mrs. Caudle's Curtain Lectures. (17* pages.) By
Douglas .ierrold.

.'i Lady Grace. (197 pages.) By Mrs. Henry Wood,
author or "Kast Lynn."

Group C. Uy the more modern school of authors,
iiright. aitistlc. up to date.

1 A atudy in Scarlet. (I7IS pages.) By A. Conan
Doyle.

:! A Romance of Two Worlds, (ill pages.) By
Marie Corelli.

3 Ideala. (192 pages.) By the author of "The Heav-
enly Twins." Sarah Grand.

4 Treasure Island. (181 p,ages.) By Robert Louis
Stevenson.

5 Frivolous Cupid. iCi.') page?.) Hy Anthony Hope.
Group D.— By the most popular authors of Iha'

literature khown as "love stories." Bright, clean and
fascinating.

1 Wedded and Parted. (172 pages.) By Bertha M.
Clay.

2 The Octoroon. (21« pages.) By Miss M. E. Brad-
don.

.•? Back to the Old Home. (176 pages.) By Mary
Cecil Hav.

4 She's All the World to Me. (195 pages) By Hall
Calne.

h Lovo Letters of a Word Iv Woman. (193 pages.)
By Mrs. ClitTord.

All these hooks are complete and unabridged, are
printed in large clear type, and bound in white and
gold, (paper covers.) Size of book I ' i .i(«'.i Inches, such
:ls have been usually sold at 'ii cents each.

Our Special OfTcrt-I^or iiOc we will send you
one year's sulJdcrlption and .'iny thne books you may
select.

For ft. (10 we will send you a year's subscription and
any eight books you may select.

l-'or ii we will give you a year's subscription and the
entire list of 'M books, prepaid to any part of the U. S.
Canada or Me.xico.

The regular price of these books, ail over the United
States, is 'iJc. and only by getting them in immense
t|uanlities are we able to make this uuifaralled offer.

Think of it. for K(K) you can gel a yenr's subscrip-
tion to the MfsKCM and nearly 4,i»J« pages of good
residing matter, from authors as Ian Maclaren. Drum-
mond, Townsend. Dickens. Read. Stevens. Hall.
Calne. etc. We have never iM'en able to tnake such an
offer as this before and hope to have your early orders.
Remit in any way convenient. Stamps accepted in
any amount.

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr,, Albion, N. Y.

COLLECTORS:— Wo will send you the
Mt'SEL'M and Jtem ulioii both for 1 year for
$1.00 or the Musecm and CosmipolUan one
year for *1.25. W. F. VVEHB, .Mgr. Albion,
N Y.

48

THE MUSEUM.

STAMPS

Brightest Stcck.

Best Grades.

Lowest Prices.

Stamps in Approval Books 50 per cent, off for Cash.
3313 per cent, off if you wish half Cash and half Exchange — Take your choice.

If Stamps are sent to us as pait payment they must be perfect specimens and either light-
ly cancelled or unused, also a sufficient number must be sent so that half may be returned as
we are now overstocked in some grades and lines. Stamps are accepted at one-half catalogue
value for the best grades and one-third value for medium. No trash accepted at any price.
We have a good grade at 7.5 off for beginners and for collectors having 1,000 or less.

Send ou your good duplicates anil see our opproval books, for they are sure to please you.

Our Motto — "Small proKls and quick leturns make a protitaMe busiuess."

THE RETURN MAIL STAMP CO..

Dubuque, Iowa.

P. S. — Needing anything like the following at the present lime?

Perfokation Gauge, the most useful assistant to a Stamp Collector, S.'j cent.s.
Stajii' TuKGs, .'iO cents. Surcharge Measurers, $1.00. Magnifying Glasses. $1.00 to ^$3.

Grill Measurer, ?Dr Embossed Stamps, accurate, something needed if you collect or
sell U. S., 25 cents.

Approval Books
For your duplicates and mail orders.

The only convenient, safe and stylish way
of mounting stamps.

The Red Cross Approval Book holds f.O
stamps and lits a No. 0 envelope.

These are of Supeiior Paper.

Price 5c. each or .50c, per dozen.

By the hunilred, 3 cents each.

Gummed Hinges.
The St. Julien gummed hinges are perfect,
easily removed and yet sulliciently ad-
hesive 10 hold any stamp in place. No gUii'
or mucilage on these, nothing but pure gum
araliic

( lOe. per 1,000.

Pnce-^ 25c. per 3.000.

/ 80c. per 10,000.

We buy stamps and old collections for cash.
Send whatever you have, including dupli-
cates, stating price asked. ^^'e exchange
stamps also. You must send us stamps cata-
logueing 3 cents or over, for which we will
allow one-half catalogue price. Full satis-
faction guaranteed. Tnis is something no
other dealer u ill do

Anyone sending us the names of live honest
active stamp (collectors and eight 1 cent
stamps will receive by return mail an unused
B cent Columbian aad U. S Revenue or a ft
cent unused Columbian and 3 U. S. Revenue.
This extra to us is to get acquainted with
good Mclive collectors.

THE RETURN Ei^AtL ^imP 00.,

DUBUQUE, IOWA.

Relief Maps

FOR SCHOOLS
OF ALL GRADES

Syslcnialic Collecli^ns

MINERALOGY, GEOLOGY, ZOOLOGY,

LANTERN SLIDES, ETC.
Washington School Collections.

Minerals, Rocks and Invertebrate Auiuuils.

It is safe to .say tliat no collections of equal excel-
lence tiave ever before been offered in this conr.' : y at
so low a price (%2 each). Send for circular.

EDVyiN E. HOWELL,

13 17tb St , N. W., Washington, D. C.

You Want Labels.

No collection is complete without uniform and near
labels. I print Bird, Egg, Shell. Fossil. Herbanitm
and all Itinds of labels. Egg. small 15c per lOO: !fl per
1000. Large, Soc per 103; itl.7.5 per ICCO Send for
prices on Naturalists' printing. D. H. EATON, Wo-
burn. Mass,

Autograph Letters
of Famous People.

Original Letters, not copies.
Send for my price lists.

Walter Romeyn Benjamin,

1 125 Broadway, New York.

SHELL (COLLECTORS —We intend to
greatly enlarge our stock the coming winter
and make many exchanges with collector.'-.
Please send us a list of any Land, Fresh-water
or Marine Shells you have to olfer. We want
Helix as ever and wish all collectors who have
any duplicate Helix to s^nd ns complete
lists. An' one knowing of any large shell
collections for sale will confer a favor by ad-
vising us of same. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Al-
bion, N. Y.

CHAS. K. REED, Taxidermist,

and deajcr in J^atura]i^t<^' ^uppJie^, j^ook^,

Instruments, Birds Eggs, Minerals, Shells,

Curiosities and Mounted Specimens,

In large or small quantities for Schools, Colleges or Private Collections.

A FEW FALL OFFERS:

What 1 Dollar will bring you prepaid.

Okkek No. 1 — First class birds eggs.
Herring (iull, 20c; Laughing (iull, 20c:
Royal Tern, 40e'; White Ibis. 35c; Alli-
gator, 20e; Sparrow Hawk, 20c; anil 12
other varieties, our selection, all for $1,
postpaid.

Okkek No. 2 — 10 tine Indian Arrow
Points, $1. 10 fine mineral .specimens,
7r)c; opal, gold, silver, copper, iron and
lead ore, agate, gypsum geode crystals,
satin spar, all good size; and our"Start-
er Mineral Collection" of 24 specimens
for only $1. prepaid.

Ohkei: No. 3 -Fine showy shells, pair
of large angel wii gs, "."j; black murex,
SOc; red murex, HOc; black ear shell, 15c
and 12 others such as chiton, owl,
conch, tulip, etc , for$l, prepaid.

Okkkr No. 4— Two nicely mounted
birds, our selection, value $1.25 each,
sent prepaid, $1.

Okkkk No. 5— Corals, brain, branch,
finger, worm, rose, red, pink; retail
price. $1.75, and our marine souvenir of
painting sea mosses and shells, prepaid
for$l.

Okkek No, 6 — Mineral ink well very
fine, covered with a large variety of
showy specimens, $1. Horse foot pen
holdei and pen, carved paper cutter
with seal and holder, saw lish saw ther-
mometer, all fnr $1, prei)aid.

For $5 you can have all six offers sent you by express at your expense.

MANUKACTURER OF

5^ Oval Convex Glass Wall Shades

With Flat Corners (patented).

A large stock of mounted birds under Convex Glass, framed for Fairs and Holi-
day Trade at very low prices, for nice work.

75 THOMAS ST., WORCESTER, MASS.

Send 4C for complete Illustrated Catalogue.

THE MUSEUM.

Grand Premium Offer!

AS » inducement .o new su.scnbers and „, old snbscbe.s .o renew p,on,p.-

ly we make the following offer. enclosed list to value of Si.oo or over we

^ To everyone sending an order from enclosea ^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^U

will send The Museum one year f Ktt..
also include two exchange coupons.

HERE IS THE LIST:

Instruments and Supplies.

Furrier's Comb..

Oil Stones

Leg Drill

Flyers 4 inch

Sewing Palm..

50

Forceps, best •.....■...'.■.^la to 30

KilliUKOans ^ •-■

Bottles line •. _-

insect Pius, 2U styles, per huufl.

■■ Samples

I Plant Press......

■■ best

Some Fine Polished Shells.

n.=) and .'iO
1 00

Common

1 00

Shears, heavy ^

Wire Cutters

Scalpels.... ;--.,■ sur'

Taxidermist outfit, flne..

Arsenical Soap, bos

Ai'senic. lb

Alum, lb

Art leaves grass

Bird Lime..

60
2 00
50
15
10
40
40
03

Potter's Clay, lb., - "^

10

20

40

10

15

S5

1 00

. 1 00

35

10

.15 to 25

... 10

25

1 00
05

Cops, 4 for

Flowers, bunch

Grasses, bunch

Icicles, doz

Moss, green

" brown

Mica Snow, pound

Tube Paint, 12 tor

Deer Shields, large

Pins, large, hundred....

Stands. 2'.i inch top

3 to 6 inch top

Staples, pack

1^5^ maks- 4 gallons- best

tanning liiiuor -

Tow, best gi-arte, per lb ■ "•>

Wire, assorted, lb itt,'w

Eggn>-;i'«S^;V;-.;:Z20-^io

Blowers, Brass .J^

Nickel -^

Embyro Hooks r-^^Zi i 35

Climbing irons, unstrapped i ^

" •• strapped - "o

Datas, sample sheet, styles in ^

Kubbe? tuijing for water blower

per foot

Calipers, best lOOth

Oologist outfit, good

" best .,■•

Entomologist Forceps, ™rved .

cases, good... ....

Cork, 4x8x>.,-, per sheet

Disinfecting Cones, doz

Pink Murex ' ,,.,

Black ■' ■i.T

White ■■ - V, 25

Magpie Trochus 3-

PearlTrochus gQ

White Haliotis ^

Black ■' 10

Tiger Cowry ^^ |

Mole " , ■■ 15

Turbo, pearly — ^

Green TurVjo ^^

Pearl " •-■•■ -m

East Indies Clam .,q

Mitre 25

Angel Wings g^

Marlinspike

Harp Shell ...^ ,,5

Strombus pugiUs. ,g

vlttatus "

I •• granulatus j^

I Marbled Cone j'g

I Lettered Cone.. ,(,

1 Lion Cone ' 35

Foxhead Volute^. ■ 35

Basket Starrtsh

Chinese "

Black "

California "

Atlantic ' —

Blue "

Red '■

Flat " ,^.

Club-spined Urchin

Mammoth California UrehinV-

SeaBiscuit

Sea Beaver

Sea Gopher

Sand Dollar

Trinidad Dcjlar

Keyhole Dollar...... ■ ■■ -- ■

Pine list curios for stamp.

Nice Minerals.

Actinolite

Agate

Amazon stone

Biotite

Bronzite

Calcite Crystals ...

Carborundum

Coiiuina ■■■

Cyanite Crystals..
Dogtooth Spar ....

Fluor Spar ...

I Flint ball

Garnet .

Cardium Consors , -^ Quartz crystal fine

^Co7e'aresomeof ourmost-showy | ~ '
kinds at 11 el prices.

Corals.

Coral .

Oii

1 00

25

50

1 25

2 ,50
1 00

15
IS

Pink

Red

Yellow

Rose

Plate

Forking

Mushroom

Palm

Stinging " " 05

Rolling " 15

Organpipe ■' 1.,

Precious " ^

Cracker " ' ^

^An"^e;nynamedandlocaiized,

Geode

Graphite

Magnesite ..
Onyx
Gypsum fine ..

Pyrites

Drusy Quartz
Glassy ''
Rose
Milky
[ Hematite

Satin Spar ...

Selenite

Silic. Wood.

Pet. Wood ....

Tourmaline ..

I Tufa

I Zircon

Silver Ore ....

I Gold ■■ •-•

I Coi)per ■•

Al)Ove 3;

■;ii
20
'25
15
50
25
25
•35
15

.50
15
10
50
20

10
10
10
10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

1 1

10

10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

. 10
10
10

. 10
10
10

, 10

. 10
10
10

10c,

specimens for t2,50.

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr.. ALBION, N. Y.

VOL. IV.

NO. 4.

FEBRUARY, 1898.

n/S-

A Journal Devoted to Research in Natural Science

RA TES : — $1.00 per year to all countries, in advance. Single numbers, to cts.

Published on the 15th of each month by Museum Publishing Co. .Albion, N. Y.

CHAS. K. REED, Taxidermist,

and dca]cr in j^aturali^t^' ^uppJie^, ]^ook^,

Instruments, Birds Eggs, Minerals, Shells,
Curiosities and Mounted Specimens,

In large or small quantities for Schools, Colleges or Private Collections.

A FEW FALL OFFERS:

What 1 Dollar will bring you prepaid.

Ofkkk Ni). 1 —First class birds njifjs.
Herring (iull. 2(Jc; Laughing Uiill, 2()e;
Royal Tern 40r; Wtiitv^ Ihis. :«c; Alli-
gator, 2(n-\ Sparrow Hawk, :20c; and 12
oilier varieties, our seleciion. all forci.
poslpaid.

Offer No 2 — 10 fine Indian Arrow
Points, *1. 10 fine mineral specimens,
T3c; opal, gold, silver, copper, iron and
lead ore, agate, gypsum geode <'rystals,
satin spar, all good size; an<l our"Start-
er Mineral Collection" of 24 specimens
for only $1. prepaid.

Offk.ii No. 3 -Fine showy shells, pair
of large angel wi gs. 7ri; hlacl; mnrex,
.50c; red murex, SOe; lilaek ear shell, l.'ic^
and 13 others snch as chiton, owl,
conch, tulip, etc , for$l, prepaid.

Offf.k No. 4— Two nicely uionuted
biids. onr selection, value $1 .2.") each,
.•sent prepaid, $1.

Offer No. 5— Corals, brain, hraiuh.
linger, worm, rose, red, pink; retail
price. $1.7.''), and onr marine souvenir of
painting sea mosses and shells, prepaid
for $1.

Offer No. 6 — Mineral ink well very
fine, covered with a large variety of
showy specimens, $1. Horse foot pen
holder and pen, carved ))aper cutter
with seal and holder, saw fish saw ther-
mometer, all for $1, prepaid.

For $5 you can have all six offers sent you by express at your expense.

MANUFACTURER OF

Oval Convex Glass Wall Shades %

With Flat Corners (patented).

A large stock of mounted birds under Convex Glass, framed for Fairs and Holi-
day Trade at very low prices, for nice work.

75 THOMAS ST., WORCESTER, MASS.

Send 4c for complete Illustrated Catalogue.

THE MUSEUM.

WANTS, EXCHANGES AND FOR SALES.

All iiolioes th:it i-onie uniler above will bo inserted in this ilepiiitment until fnrllii'r mitice
at one (I) criit !i word. No notiri- less than 25c. Terms Cash with crder. No clutrgi: for
adilrtss. 1 shiill at all times enileavor to keep parties, whoso reputation is of a doubtful ehar-
aeter from usiug these columns.

WAMl'l'M ! ! assorted from ancient graves
in Cayuga, Co , N. Y., rare, 1 doz. GO cents,
'i do/.. $1 Colored beads from same graves,
1 d.iz. 30cts., 2 doz. 50 cts. LEE l>OY J.
TAPPAN, Newark Valley, Tioga Co., N. Y.

W.ANTEDto hear from parties that could
furnish me with the following specimens of
live t'irtles, \i or 3 of each kind and at what
price. Chelopus niuhlenbergii. Muhlcn ber-
gs turtle, Chelopus insculplus, the engraved
or wood turtle, Pseudemys ra/ora. the -ilider.
All not over 5 inches wide, JULIUS HAK-
TER, 2346 S. 10th Sir , St. Louis, Mo.

FOR EXCHAN(;E:-Land, fresh water and
marine shells fur species not in my collection.
Send lists and receive mine. CHARLES S.
HODGSON, AlDion, 111.

WANTED:— A new model Winchester re-
peating shot guo, a repeating rille 3i or 3><
calibre, a revolver. 3i or 38 cal , a camera
and Coues key. No cheap or unreliable
articles wanted. Will give good exchange iti
mounted birds, skins, eggs. Indian relics or
cash. Those having any of the above to ex
change, write immediatelv giving discrip-
tioD. U. P. BKOA N, Miiton, Wis.

WANTED:— Perfect butterflies in papers
from Western and North Western States.
Ofl'cr tine exotic specimens for same. Also
offer fine .'i,\3 camera. LEVI W. MP:NGEL.
Reading. Pa.

CACTUS THORN tooth picks, make ox
cellent jiicks, 10c per bunch. Pincushions
of redwood bark, from large trees in Califor-
nia, fine, 15c. California sea shells anil
curios for sale. Write for lists. FRANK
W. S.MITH, Box rm. Redlands, Cal.

FOR SALE —Kansas fossils Send 20 cts.
for package containing ammonite, sections
of the oithoceratitc, ancient oyster shell an<l
other fossils Send silver. CAMMIE KO.SS,
Howard, Kan. 2tf

RECREATION $1 a year, $1.21 worth first
class eggs, or a years subscription to Oregon
Naturalist free to every new subscriber.
Birds (17 and 93 Jl 20 jear. BENJAMIN
HOAO, SlephentowH, New York.

WANTED: —Collectors to send for my
price lists of tine bird skins, birds eggs, ol<: .
I am closing out uiy entire stock cheap fur
cash: send by return mail. WALTER E
MCLAIX, 'I'axidermist and printer, New
Vinejard. Maine.

WANTED: — A few pair of live black
squirell's, address C. A. CURRIER, Lexing-
toD, Mass.

THE NEW SHELL LISI' is now oui. Its
a handy thing for all collectors and dealers in
shells. Send 2c stamp if you want it. W.
F. WEBB, Mgr , Albion, N Y.

INDIAN PIPES:— We still have a few of
those odd Tuscarora stone pipes, with long
stems. Sample prepaid for $1. W. F.WEBB,
Mgr., Albion, N Y.

BENDIRE'S Life Histories of North Ameri-
can Birds will soon be scarce. A year or so
ago we were ottering vol 1 at $7 i)0 Now for
a very short lime it is $9 and in one year from
now it is more likely to be higher. Vol. 2
can still be had at $7 50, the two for $10.50.
Order quick or it will le too late at these
prices. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

FOR S.\LE— G pieces fragmentary cliff
dwellers' pottery 30 cent postpaid. 100 ar-
row points $1 oil. Also whole pottery and
other desirable Indian relics. Outlines 2c
stamp. DR W. O. EMERY, Crawfordsville,
lud.

CASE SCHOOL of Applied Science offers
duplicate specimens in Botany, Mineralogj',
Geology and Economic Geology in exchange
for any Natural History specimen irithjull
data not already in its collections. A printed
list of the material offered will \m-. sent on ap-
plication. FRANK M. CO.MSTOCK. Prof, of
Natural History, (Iiiso School uf Applied Sci-
ence, Cleveland, Ohio.

BOOKS WANTED: — I will exchange
mounted birds or skins for books on medi-
cine, surgery, gynecology, etc if the l)ooks
are in gooil condition. ARTHUR DONEL-
LY. Davisville, R. I.

WILL EXCHANGE United States Revenue
stamps, catalogued at over $10, for good
specimens of minerals. J. G. MANCHES-
TER, Box 274, Fall River, Mass.

I HAVE for exchange first class sets. Spoon
river unios. fine specimens Gibbsite for sets,
shells or Pacific R. R. surveys. J. R. Ma-
GUIRE, D.D S , Lewistown, III.

I WISH to cryrrespond with parties who
can collect for me river clam shells in large
quantities during the coming summer, es-
pecially line varities K B. MATHES. De
Funiik Springs, Fla

5°

THE MUSEUM.

MASCO rcHARMS:-Left, hind foot of a
rabbit killpfl in a C'Oiinti\y grave\ard at mid-
uight on Friday the 13tli day of tlio inoalh by
a cioss eyed red-headed, liowlegged, left-
handed nigger, riding a white nuile." War-
ranted to cure anything Silver mounted.
Postpaid for tw elve tvvo-cent stamps. \Vh»le-
sale vate.s if desired. W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,
Albion, N. Y.

SPLENDID MINERALS ot wonderful
beauiy and brilliance cimstantly on hand at
lowest prices. Many recent arrivals are gor-
geou-i beyond comparison, and some of the
choicest samples are lietter than before olTcr-
ed for sale. Jf you want Jine minerals it will
pay you to write me. AK I'HUR N. FULLER,
Lawrence, Kans. Ota

SHELLS AND CURIOS from the(;ulf
Coast. If you mean liusiness and wish to
buy shells and curios cheap send for my illus-
trated price list and save your money. Ad-
dress all orders A. J. BARNES, Duuedin,
Florida

BACK VOLUMES OF MAGAZINES —We

offer following complete sets at the low prices
named. Order quick if wanted. American
Antiquarian vols. 12, 13, 14, 15 and 10 un-
bound, per vol. $1 75. American Naturalist,
vol. 1—1SG8— newly bound, half leather, $4.00.
Ornitholov>ist and Oologist 1889-00, bound,
$3.00 The Nidiologist, vol. 3. 90c. The Nat-
uralist, England, for 1895, $1.00. The Ob-
server, vol. 5, 90c The Observer, vol. 0, 90c.
The Auk, vol 11, $2 00. The Ornithologist
and Oologist, vol. 10, 8.jc. The Ornithologist
and Oologisc, vol. 7. $1.00. The Ornitholo-
gist and Oologist. vol. 17, 85c All prepaid.
W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y

WANT TO EXCHANGE: — Copper and
silver coins, medals, and Confederate pa]3er
money for good United States department
stamps. I also have Indian relics for ex-
change, ANDREW A. QUEVLI. Windom,
Minn , Box 440.

A LOT of AXES, celts, discs, discoidals,
sinkers, balls, ceremonials, pottery v*ic from
eastern Tennessee for sale or exchange for
other relics. Collections bought. OR. W.
O. EMERY. Crawfordsville, Ind.

WANTED: Cocoons and chrysalides of
Luna. lo Polyphemur, Cecropia. Oeanothi,
(ilovcri, Columbia, Angulifera Promythe.'.
Imperialis, Regalis, Papilios, Cresphontes,
Ajax, Turnur, Zolicaon, Troilns, etc., offer
exotic buttertiies and moths beautiful and
brilliant beetles, eggs in sets, and skins.
Will have for sale in May many line sets of
pine grosbeak with nests. Order them now.
first comes, served first. My standard price
lists of exotic and American buttertiies and
moths each 15c. both for 25 cts in two cent
stamps. Beautiful butterlly pictures, polished
oak frame glass 18x24, contains 100 large
brilliant butterlHes and moths from all coun-
tries. If vou mean business write now to
PROF. CARL BRAUN, Bangor, Me.

WANTED: — Structural and systematic?
conchology by George W. Tryon, Jr . cheap
edition, s-tate condition and price CH.AS S.
HODGSON, Albion, 111.

A SNAP: — To clo.'e out my collection, 70
good bird skins, some quite rare for $2 cash,
fit St order gets them K. B MAl'HES, De
Funiok Springs, Fla.

WANTED: — Handsomely marked sets of
Broad-winged Hawk, Sharp shinned, cranes.
Loon, Chuck-wills Widow, Parauque, Ferrugi-
nous Kn\igh leg. Prairie Falcon, Red-bellied
Hawk, Kites, (iray King biid. Dei bv Fly-
catchei'. and others, can exchange Golden
Eagle A, Dipper, Wandering Albatrcss, Shoit
tailed Albatross While necked Raven. Faral-
lone Islandsets and other. H. K TAYLOR,
Alameda, Cal.

TO EXCHANGE:-32 calibre double action
revolver, several volumes Smithsonian (mu-
seum) reports, cloth, new, back numbers of
Oologist, Dana's Geology, cloth, 500 Youth's
Companions, 3 vol. American Bee Journal
bound, tennis goods, etc., want W. T. Horna-
day's taxidermy, instruments, and eggs in
sets, eggs of sea birds and birds of prey es-
pecially desired. Correspondence solicited
W. A. TRUE, Cumberland Centre, Maine.

WOULD SAY my adds in your paper have
brought me good returns, and I shall still
continue to use its columns. Would recom-
mend it to every live naturalist. CHRIS
FORGE. Carman. Man.

P.AIR of live Eagles for sale, also skins.
CHRIS Z. FORGE, Carman, Man.

CYPRAEA, commonly called Cowries. We
can furnish you nearly 100 varieties Send
us list of what you have and we will send you
a box on approval of kinds vou h.avent got.
W. F. WEBB, Mgr , Albion, N. Y.

COLORADO Minerals and Curios, for list
address E W. KIMBALL, Box 078, Boulder,
Colo-

BENDIRES LIFE HISTORIES. We have
a copy. Vol, 1, will send prepaid fur $9 Its
a bargain. Order at once. W. F WEBB,
Mgr. Albion, N. Y.

WANRED to hear from those who can use
fresh skins of Lvnx Mink and Jack Rabbit.
CHRIS FORGE,' Carman, Man

WANTED cheap for cash or exchange
Copy Cones key new or second hand Bab-
bits tube with outfit. CHRIS FORGE, Car-
man, Man.

EOR SALE— Herbarium specimens Colo-
rado wild flowers. Mounted or unmounted.
Send for list. O. E JACKSON, Berthond,
Colo.

WANTED to dispose of our stock of Fos-
sils. Will sell cheap for cash or exchange for
fine Indian relics. W. F. WEBB, Mgr, Al-
bion, N. Y.

I

THE MUSEUM.

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

Vol. I\-

ALBION, N. v., 1'1:BRUARY 15, 1898.

No. 4

A Study in Archaeology.

Seeing;^ in the December number of
Ml'SEIm, the article entitled "An
Aboriginal \illage Site, " has aroused
in me a desire to hear still more on
the subject, and to help matters along
will donate a few stray thoughts from
my corner of the plantation, while yet
the memory of the above mentioned
article is fresh in our minds.

I shall endeavor only to give the
reader, in plain descriptive, the results
of a little personal observation and re-
search in regard to pre-historic habita-
tions in my localit)-.

We have read many accounts of the
more gigantic arcluLological monu-
ments to an extinct race of men as
seen in the mounds found in the east-
ern and central states, but thus far the
more western have been somewhat
neglected, though not because there
are no fruitful fields here; for there
lies in Kansas many an acre of soil,
rich in its history of bygone days of
savagery, though unmarked in many
cases, save by a few broken points and
the shavings from their work-shops—
the flint clippings, flakes and unfin-
ished implements thrown aside by the
artisan because of a flaw in the ma-
terial or stubbornness of the flint in
clipping. These and many other evi-
dences, noted only by the experienced
eye, show us that ages ago Kansas has
nursed upon her heaving breast a
family of children, who, though rude
in methods and warlike in disposition,
had hands as skilled in their arts,
hearts as brave, a love as fervent and
patriotism as loyal to the dear old hills
and prairies — and doubtless more so —
than her present generation.

That such have been the facts,
written history and traditions tell us,
and a still more tangible and undoubt-

ed evidence to the truth may be found
within a league of almost any of our
homes if we but look for theni.

Especially numerous will be the
proofs along the valleys of our streams
where, long before our eyes beheld the
light of day or gloom of darkness; and
when yet the rocks with which our
homes are built, were fresh in their
beds, our brother — the Indian, mound-
builder, cliff dweller, or whatever
vague term we may use in speaking of
him — was studying the laws of resist-
ance and how to construct his missiles
of death so as lo be least retarded by
them, as shown in the various and
novel shapes, in which, with patience
he formed the flinty tips for the arrow
and blade for his spear, how he
rearched among mother earth's treas-
ure store for the material most suit-
able to his purpose, and at the same
time with an eye for beauty in form,
color and symmetry, also seen in the
apparently insignificant scraps, which
he carelessly left behind. How he
worshipped the Supreme, as seen in
the location'of his temples and altars,
probably now a mere shapeless mass
of dirt and partially burnt stones,
pillars or_ mounds of earth, fast being
scattered and obliterated by careless
hands and plowmen

The thought must come to one in a
moment of reflection, "Will the day
come, when in the years that ate still
in oblivion of the future, man shall
have become so far superior in intel-
lect and methods, and yet know and
think as little of us as we now know of
our ancestral race; that he must look
upon a few of the more lasting and
least destructible of our works of civi-
lization and say, alas! 'how crude were
his works!" and yet with all his civi-

■•52

THE MUSEUM.

lized superiority be able to tell so little
of our character.

Now to return to our subject, let
me invite you to my home on the
Walnut river (really only a small
stream at present) and take a stroll
across its valley to what appears to be
a hill of about 150 feet in height at
this point on the east side of the val-
ley. Climbing its side whicti is rather
steep we find when we reach the top
that it is no hill at all but that we
have just reached the level of the sur-
rounding country and see that the
prairie recedes gently from us while at
our feet the valley and its smaller
tributaries are but wrinkles on the face
of the expansive country, having at
some previous age been formed by
erosion, and looking across the valley,
a distance of from one-half to two
miles, we see the opposite bank of
what was once a mighty river (whose
depth was somewhat greater than that
of the present stream) the bottom was
what we now behold to be the choicest
of farms lying so snugly and beauti-
fully within these walls, with the nar-
row, timber-fringed Walnut, like a
thread of silver winding peacefully
among them.

It is upon these higher terraces that
the roughest and apparently more
ancient implements are found, and as
yet, know of none having been found
on the lower terraces, while it quite
frequently happens that the later ones
are found upon the highest terraces,
even on the same site where the oldest
are found.

Water being a factor in establish-
ing a camp, we usually find that where
the later and finer types of arrow
points, etc., are found on the higher
ground or terraces a spring usually
bubbles forth (or did at that time)
from the foot of the hill. The cjuery
with me has always been, "Why not
camp on the ground on the level of
the spring.'" Possibly they took the
hill top to avoid risk from floods in the
valley, to guard against enemies' sur-

prises, or for the exhiliration of a
more lofty position.

With but one exception the village
sites found in my searches during the
past summer and fall, ^te mi the ter-
races. This one is in the bottom, on
the bank of the present stream, being
about 15 feet above "low water"
mark, is in a corn field, and although
mant times upturned, yet on a plot of
about an acre the ground is thickly
strewn with flint clippings among
which is an occasional arrow head or
fragement.

The points which I believe to be the
oldest are thick, roughly chipped and
rather oval in shape, showing a dis-
coloration on the surface. Those of
later make become more shapely, hav-
ing a finer point with notched or
stemmed hilts. Later still and those
found on this last mentioned site, they
are real thin and beautifully regular in
ouiline, and of many styles. The
handful of flakes gathered up promis-
cuously will show more of a variety in
color and quality of flint than those on
higher ground, these splitting off in
thin spauls, showing either more skill
in making or a better quality of flint.

As to the age of even the later make,
I shall not attempt to guess, but leave
that to wiser heads, but they are be-
yond the recollection of even the
earliest settlers here.

I must mention also that besides
arrow and spear points, which are
most numerous of all, I have also
found a few scrapers, one of excep-
tionally fine workmanship, of black
flint and one of brown. One frag-
ment of a beveled edge point of gray
flint, also an arrow head having a de-
cided curve flat-wise, as if used to
shoot in a curve or in some trick-shoot-
ing. Upon two of these hill sites are
found a heap of crumbled stone and
earth, the stones showing a burnt sur-
face on one side, indicating an altar or
fire-place. At other places what ap-
pears to be a grave, though I have
never proven that but expect some day
to do so.

THE MUSEUM.

53

At one place upon a knoll down in
the valley are found a number of
broken arrowheads and all are the
/•oitit halves, and no clippinj^s are
found. Will we not conclude from
this fact that we have discovered a
battle ground where the clash of flint,
the war whoop and the feather were
closely commingled in some deadly
afiray. \V. W. Shei.i.ev,

Eldorado. Kan.

Death of Samuel A. Miller.

.\lTHOK 0|- NORTH .\MERICAN GEOLOGY

.\ND PALEONTOLOGY AND OTHER

SCIENTIFIC WORKS.

On the iSth of December, 1897,
Samuel .\. Miller, of Cincinnati, Ohio,
succumbed to that fatal and dread dis-
ease, cancer of the liver, with which
he was stricken about three weeks
previously. He was born at Coolville,
Athens county, Ohio, August 28, 1837.
He was a graduate of the Ohio Uni-
versity, and of the Cincinnati Law
School, and was admitted to the bar
by the District Court of Hamilton
county, in April, i860, and since his
admission to the bar had practiced
continuously, with the exception of a
short time in 1861-62, when he edited
a weekly paper in Marietta.

Mr. Miller was one of the founders
of the Society of Natural History, and
for several years edited the "Journal"
which is the official organ of that sci-
entific body: also edited and published
the "Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of
Science" in 1874-75. Mr. Miller at-
tained his greatest success, however,
as a scientist of the highest order, and
his works on geology and paleontology
will abundantly prove to the world
that he was truly one of the few mas-
ter-minds of this branch of science.
He was the author of "Meso^oic and
Caenozoic (ieology and Palaeontol-
ogy," "The American Palaeozoic Fos-
sils," and "North .American Geology
and Palaeontology," to which work he
later added two appendices. He had
in preparation "A Monograph on the

Cephalopoda," the manuscript of which
was nearly finished at the time he was
taken ill.

He was a member of the Geological
Commission of five states, Ohio, In-
diana, Missouri, Illinois and Wiscon-
sin, and the reports submitted by
them were largely the result of his
work. He has a record of describing
more crinoids than all geologists to-
gether, and is also the discoverer of
a system by which they can easily be
distinguished, and which is so highly
thought of that it has been adopted as
the standard authority both in Europe
and America. His collection of fossils
is considered one of the most complete
m the world, and any connosieur of
this science has only to view his speci-
mens to be convinced of their true
value.

Mr. Miller was a hard student. His
love for geological knowledge never
seemed to wane, as he was up early
;ind late that he might be able to fur-
ther this one great pleasure of his life.
It is admitted by learned professors
that his works on geology have never
been equalled by any one.

The collection of fossils owned by
Mr. Miller is considsred the largest
private collection in the United States,
and its value is greatly increased ow-
ing to the large number of "tjpe"
species that it contains and by the cor-
irect nomenclature and classification
of each specimen. His scientific li-
brary contains several thousand vol-
umes, and embraces works of the
highest authority on Geology, Palaeon-
tology, Mineralogy and other scientific
subjects.

The degree of Ph. I), was conferred
upon him by the Oiiio University in
1893, in recognition of his ability. He
was an honorary member of many
scientific societies in different parts of
the world.

Mr. Miller was a man who very
much disliked ostentation, and this
fact was still moie thoroughly im-
pressed upon those who witnessed the
last sad rites of their honored and es-

54

THE MUSEUM

teemed friend, as they listened to the
funeral oration delivered by Mr.
Thomas Vickers, one of his nearest
friends, who had promised to act the
part that Mark Antony had done to-
ward his dear friend Ctesar.

Mr. Vickers feelingly responded as
follows:

Dear Friends: There is no one of
us who does not feel that all words
are inadequate on an occasion like
this, whether their object be consola-
tion or the expression of one's appre-
ciation of the worth of a friend. And
yet I could not refuse to say a word of
leave-taking at the departure of one
whom I have known so long. It was
his own request often repeated that I
should do so.

I can not think that it troubled our
friend how most men would speak of
him, when he himself had become si-
lent. He was a man singularly self-
poised and self-centered in a noble
sense, and yet kind and true, and a
strong lover of his friends. So that,
on the other hand, I can well imagine
him wishing that the sympathetic
voice of a friend might be heard at
his bier. Our friendship began not in
private interest, but in a desire for
public good and a common love of
knowledge; thus it has survived many
changes and long absences, notwith-
standing wide diversities of taste and
work.

He was not a man who followed
beaten paths; for he well knew that
they are the really dangerous ones to
him who is in pursuit of truth. It was
said of old that "we perish by other
men's examples." It is always easier
to follow than to lead He did not
choose the easy way. He cared noth-
ing for the toil and the difficulty. He
preferred to scale the heights and view
the prospect himself, rather than de-
pend upon the report of others. He
was a born investigator, a man of crit-
ical and judicial mind, which yielded
assent only to personal conviction.
He was essentially a man of sound un-
derstanding; of strong and massive in-

dividuality; faithful to his own best
thought; but not narrow, intolerant or
exclusive. A man himself, marked
and powerful, he respected manhood
in others, and did not insist that they
should traverse life's ocean according
to the chart which he had constructed
for himself. Thus he was broad in his
sympathies, and catholic in spirit.
Capable of intense feeling, especially
when aroused by a sense of wrong or
injustice, he was nevertheless gentle
and companionable as a child.

He had the indominable resolution
of a fearless mind, and the serene and
cheerful disposition that comes from
faith in honest work. He was simple-
hearted, and of simple habits, with a
supreme contempt for sham and pre-
tension. He was utterly devoid of os-
tentation; a man of luminous intellect,
but with no desire to shine, and wholly
indifferent to the plaudits of the
thoughtless multitude. He was su-
perior to all low ambitions, and there-
fore free from all the cares that attend
them. The love of office had no se-
ductions for him, and so he never de-
parted from the path of rectitude to
obtain one. I have known no man
who would have had a better right to
apply to himself the grand words of
Seneca: "I will live and die with this
testimony — that I loved good studies
and a good conscience, that I never in-
vaded another man's library, and that
I preserved my own."

I have known the man whose earth-
ly form lies before us intimately for
almost 30 years, and have discussed
with him many things of more than
passing interest; but I do not know
what he thought of those things which
many regard as the only real problems
of life and death. Nor was I curious
to inquire. I know that he agreed
with all good men everywhere that vir-
tue does not dwell upon the tip of the
tongue, but in the temple of a pure
heart. I know that he valued himself
most upon his conscience, upon his
integrity as a man, upon his constancy
as a friend, and his honor as a citizen.

THE MUSEUM.

55

What he was. he was to the heart's
core. Without a trace of affectation.
We shall presently commit his body to
the earth, and shall see him no more
until we are chanfjed as he has been,
but these are virtues that cannot die.
an immortal glory surrounds them;
they will shine like stars in our mem-
ory, and be a help and an inspiration
when our spirits falter and our cour-
age is like to fail. It was said of Cato
that "people never knew the value of
him until they lost him." So it will
be for many with our friend.

It is not for me, nor is this the
place, to speak of Samuel Miller as a
lawyer or a man of science. Others
more competeut than I will do that on
the tit occasion. Perhaps it will not
be altogether easy for some to under-
stand how tendencies appa'ently so
radically opposite as those manifest in
the successful pursuit of both law and
science could be united in a single
man — a profound interest in what is
based mainly on custom, tradition, ex-
pediency on the one hand; and in that
which seems absolute, fixed and invar-
iable on the other. But I have no
doubt' that he found the "spiritual
nexus " in the fact that amid all the
fluctuations of legal enactments and
opinion there are eternal principles
analogous to the laws that govern the
material universe, and that the histor-
ical evolution of justice is not less real
and not less certain than the evolution
of the vegetable and animal world

"Alas, that nccxpfcted guest.
Who waits for no man's leisure, has slept in,
Uoa.'^ked acil unannounced, lo put a stop
To all occupations and designs "

The powers of physical endurance
were exhausted— our friend lies low.
The golden bowl is broken, but who
shall say that the silver cord which
bound onr hearts together has been
snapped asunder.' The lawyer has
laid down his law books, the geolo-
gist has dropped his hammer, the au-
thor his pen: but who shall say that
the thinker has ceased to think be-

cause the brain is still.' that the af-
fections of the husband, the father,
the brother and the friend are dead,
because the heart has ceased to beat.'
For one, I do not, I can not befieve it.
We pri^e so much the beaming eye,
the loving touch, the accustomed voice,
that when they are gone we are strick-
en with a sense of absolute loss. But
though we relinquish this outward,
visible form, the man will remain — a
priceless possession in the memories
of all who loved him. He, like so
many who are dear to us, has only
preceded us to the silent land — silent
now, but one day, I fondly hope and
trust, to become vocal to us with the
heavenly greetings of those who have
gone before.

Death has one indisputable lesson
for all — an old one: "We ought to
cherish our friends tenderly, because
we know not whether they are to abide
with us a long time or not." Let us,
therefore, cherish them as if we were
to lose them, and when we have lost
them, cherish them still.

The deepest lesson of our friend's
life as of the lives of so many who do
not know how to utter the other men's
shibboleths, is contained in —

"The simple thought
By the great Master taught;
Not he that rcpeatelh the name.
But he that doeth the will."

This is the everlasting gospel.

I'-arewell, dear friend! Rest, weary
body, from thy labors! Rise, immor-
tal spirit, into the greater and diviner
life."

The monument that marks the last
resting place of this most noted geolo-
gist seems peculiarly appropriate. The
base is a large section of dressed and
beveled New Hampshire granite. Upon
this is mounted a pedestal of the same
material highly polished. This is sur-
mounted by a log of fossilized wood,
four feet in length and three and one
half feet in diametet, obtained by Mr.
Miller himself from the "Pctriclid For-
ests" of Arizona, which he visited in

56

THE MUSEUM.

1893. This log rests on its side, and
the ends, which are highly polished,
are translucent, and the many colors
and delicate tints which this chalce-
dony assumes are blended into a most
beautiful effect.

Science in the Country School.

Synopsis of a paper read before
THE Ohio State Academy of Sci-
ence, BY Elmer E. Master-
man of New London, O.
I have always claimed that science
could be taught in the country schools,
in fact any school with profit. For
several years I attempted to teach
science in the country school so far as
opportunities permitted and with
marked success.

We have in the country bojs and
girls capable of comprehending and
learning science if presented to them
in a way that they can understand it.
We certainly have enough material
with which to work:— Insects, I^ep-
tiles. Fish, Birds, Mammals, Plants,
local archiology and geology, etc.

Could the Universities, Colleges,
Academies, high and intermediate
schools have some of the material that
the country can have access to, and
could the country pupils only have
teachers capable and willing to teach
the science in connection with other
studies, both would be greatly bene-
fitted. There would be less time to
study mischief and less desire to do so.
Could this be done, I believe there
would be less need for jails, reforma-
tories, penitentaries. almshouses, asy-
lums etc.

We in the country, and no doubt
city schools also, are too often ham-
pered for want of^apparatus with which
to work. When we can not get these
things from school boards, we get
them ourselves and make them as best
our time and opportunities permits,
and it is surprising what can be done
by an enthusiastic teacher and a few
energetic pupils. I speak personally

now. We have a small telescope, 2}
inch aperture mostly home made,
several small microscopes also of our
construction, several pieces of electri-
cal apparatus, an air pump that will
exhaust the mercurial column to two
inches We have a B. and L. micro-
scope and some accessonics, costing
$75: We have a small mixed collec-
tion of 2 600 specimens of Minerals,
Fossils, Shells, Fish, Birds, Plants,
Sea life, archiological specimens, &c.,
a small library of 700 books and pam-
phlets, besides i ,800 photos and half-
tone pictures from the world at large,
these with some university training
and the experience of I94 days of sight
seeing at the World's Fair, gives us a
little advantage over the most of
teachers.

We do not teach science as a sepa-
rate siudy but in connection with
mathematics, physiology, geography,
etc. By looking ahead at tomorrow s
lesson we have something to illustrate
the lesson better.

Let me give you an instant or two.
Let children see circulation of blood
in a frogs foot, the action of the heart
in the snapping turtle just killed, the
brain of a cat takes the place of
human brains, ox eyes explain the eye
better than pictures, the ball and
socket joint of the shoulder of a cat is
better than drawings, the sutures of
the skull of a cat are plainly visible,
cS:c indefinitely. The good resulting is
very great. Rarely poor lessons, no
tardiness, little need for rules usually
found in schools, become better ac-
quainted with nature, seeing what we
knew not of before, making school
life a pleasure where to many it was
but drudgery. Learn to know the
harmful insects, plants, animals, etc.,
from the harmless, destroy or shun the
one and protect the other. When
reading we better understand what is
meant and respect ourselves the more
for it, broadening our intellect and
reason.

Pupils thus trained find less diffiulty

THE MUSEUM.

57

in passing the Boxwell in Ohio, or
teacher's examinations, anil teachers
find little diHiculty in retaining the
same school year after year so long as
they desire to teach in one place. Nor
do we stop here, things practical are
necessary. Business science, the liil-
ing out of all blank business forms and
papers likely to fall into the hands of
the ordinary people, -checks, drafts,
mortgages, deeds, bonds, policies, pe-
titions to societies, (.\:c., actual work
parliamentary drills, Australian elec-
tions, hospital work — making band-
ages, use of lineaments, splints, vase-
lenes, arnica, camphor, doing up brok-
en limbs temporarily), stop bleeding,
fainting, burns, etc. — actual drills.
It' s necessary to know these things.
Perhaps I am wrong, but I don't think
much of the memory of dates in his-
tory, history of wars, etc. Let's have
civics, history of U S. , and State
Constitutions, Rights of people, etc. —
something that is going to do some
good.

"Do you get extra pay for such
work.'" you ask. "Yes." Not in
money, however, but our friends (.')
consult lawyers, write to school boards,
the school commissioners, to have
such work stoj)ped. Our scholars
don't however. We pay no attention
to these things: I have heard it said
that barking dogs never or seldom
bite. So long as the barking is going
on we are not afraid of being bitten.

^^'e have presented a few specimens
of our collecting and some we used to
the Ohio State University to show
what can be done by children. Most
children are not slow to see if shown
when, where and how to see.

We are accu-;ed of making murder-
ers, robbers and criminals in general.
None of our pupils have ever been con-
demned to be hung, electrocuted or
to jail, but we can point with pride to
teachers, scholars and solid, substan-
tial men and women having good
homes and families and all of them
practical Amekican Citizens.

THE MUSEUM.

A Monthly Magazine devoted to Ornithology,

Oology, MoUusca, Echinodermata,

Mineralogy and Allied

Sciences.

Walter F. Webb, Editor and Manager
Albion, N. Y.

Correspondence and Items of Interest on above top-
ics, as well as notes on the varlo\is Museums of the
World— views from same, discoveries relative to the
haudllnj; and keeplnt; of Natural History material,
descriptive habits of various species, are solicited
from all.

Make articles as brief as possible and as free from
technical terms as the subjects will allow. All letters
will be promptly answered.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Single Subscription Jl.OO per annum

Sample Copies lOc each

ADVERTISING RATES.

h cents per N'onparell line each Insertion. Twelve
lines t« the inch.

Cash must accompany all orders.

Remittances should be made hv Draft. Express or
Post Olllce Order or KeKistered Letter.

Unused U. S. PostaRe Stamps o( any denomination
accepted for small amounts.

MUSEUM PUB. CO.,

ALBION, ORLEANS CO., N.Y.

Entered at Albion iioKl-office ae tecond-clais mail matUr

Mitchell's Cave.

I'. M. V.AN EPPS.

(II.)

Balked in our attempt to penetrate
the Grand Rotunda we set out for our
return to the upper world and at once
met with a series of uni)leasant inci-
dents. While yet in the chaotic pas-
sage it was noticed that the air began
to thicken and grow heavy with smoke.
This was decidedly unpleasant so we
hurried over the rocky way. How-
ever the air grew heavier with smoke
and noxious fumes from the fireworks
used until breathing began to be a
painful act, and each could just dis-
cern the blaze of the torch in his own
hand. Arriving at the descent into
the House of Goliath, one of our party
of five. Van \'ranken, must needs go
flying head foremost down the rough
descent thereby getting severely
bruised and receiving a scar which he
will carry through life. This place

58

THE MUSEUM.

was worse than the last as the
smoke-laden air was still thicker, the
chamber being at a lower level. This
was alarming and we all now realized
that we must hasten onward and
quickly attain a higher level or we
should suffocate.

Had the way before us been other
than straight, had there been a maze of
side-passages to bewilder and confuse
us, we would have had considerable
trouble in keeping the right path.
But soon we worked our way to an
upper level where we happily found
but little smoke and were able to again
breathe in comfort.

Here a new difficulty confronted us.
We were positively unable for some
little time to find the way out.
Though two of our party had been
through the cave before yet we were
all "at sea" for a few minutes. Some
retracing the path others vainly trying
the passage ahead. Another tried to
insert himself into a narrow crevice in
the floor of the passage, thinking no
doubt we had through some mistake
taken a higher level than we ought.
But folly! "Hitch your wagon to a
star." Why did we not look up?
Right over our heads, far up, lay the
pathway. We were just below the
difficult path. In fact we were in
Martin Carson's "Bottomless Pit."
From here upward and onward we
had no difficulty. A fine moral could
easily be taken from this latter in-
cident.

The odd phenomenon noted, — the
unu"sual settling of the smoke and
fumes in the lower depths of the cav-
ern, may have been caused by the pe-
culiar configuration of the walls of
that portion of the cavern; compari-
tively narrow yet the cleft extends up-
ward to a great height. This parti-
cular shape of the opening, coupled
possibly with an absence of active cir-
culation there, may help to explain
the matter. A like occurrence I had
never noticed before, nor have I read
of any similar case.

Mitchell's Cave possesses a mild

mystery in the way of a vanishing por-
tal, an elusive rock-hole. "Now you
see it; now you don't." A number of
explorers have told of a certain my-
sterious round hole existing in the floor
of one of the chambers, an opening
leading to unknown depths of the cave.

"Where the footsteps of mortal never trod."

Those who have seen it describe it as
being a nearly round hole in the floor
at the end of small chamber; a round
hole like that in an old-time well-stone,
but not quite laige enough to admit a
person. The thickness of the rock
floor at the aperture is said to be
about 12 inches. The depth of the
opening below is unknown but is esti-
mated to be considerable judging from
the sound given back by stones drop-
ped into it. One explorer writes of it
thus, — "It seems as if it were an open-
ing through the ceiling of a large room.
The distance to the lower floor esti-
mated at from 40 to 100 feet, or more.
The room below seems to be of very
large size." There has been consid-
erable speculation as to what wonders
might be revealed could this opening
be enlarged sufficiently to permit ac-
cess to the unknown chambers below.
Various ways have been suggested of
accomplishing this. Some have plan-
ned to use dynamite. Others have
proposed chipping the hole to a larger
diameter by means of a heavy stone-
hammer. At our visit, in 1896, we
carried hammers, drill, powder and
fuse, etc., hoping to enlarge the open-
ing by drilling near its margin and
blowing out a section. To our disap-
pointment we were entirely unable to
find the place at all although two of
our party of five, Hartley and Van
Home, had visited the cave before on
different occasions and each had both
seen and remembered it well.

It is possible that, within the past
few years, there has been some fall of
rock in the cleft concealing or closing
this opening, for Van Home, who was
much chagrined over our failure to find
the mystery, has made another attempt

THE MUSEUM.

59

this winter (Dec. 31, 1897) but with
failure as before. Under date Jnn. 3,
189^, he writes me of the matter as
follows: "I did not write you before
because I had determined to visit the
cave first, — to see if it could be ex-
plored to the end, and open the hole
in the rock. * * * j ^jjj j^q^ g^

until Friday, the 31st. A friend ac-
companied me. We went full\- pre-
pared; had five dynamite cartridges,
100 feet of fuse, small oil-stove (to
warm dynamited etc. Reached the
cave at 11a. m., and left it at 3:30 p.
m. Don't think any one had been
there since we visited it a year ago.
We found the cave very muddy and
our outer clothing was completely
soaked with water and mud. In one
of the rooms was a pool of water about
10 feet in length and about two feet
deep. We managed to get across and
reached the room where Hartley sent
up the rockets, but could not go any
farther. The tunnel that leads to the
Rotunda was filled with water. W'e
looked in vain for the rock-hole, so we
lugged dynamite and stove through
the cave for nothing. We found
numerous colonies of bats clinging to
the walls in clusters, and water drip-
ping from the roof. I send you three
specimens that are peculiar, have nev-
er found any like them before. The
small stalactite shaped like a trumpet
came from the level horizontal roof.
The other two specimens I found to-
gether in a small pool of water.
Query I How were these bars and
pellets formed, and why not all of one
shape.' I found numerous specimens
6f each kind. When we reached
Mother Earth it was snowing fast and
we had to face the storm all the way
home, nearly S miles. Don't think I
will explore any more caves in winter. "
The winter season has been recom-
mended as the best time of the year
for cavern exploration and this may
be true in a general way. However,
Mitchell's cave is an exceptional case,
the vertical cleft readily admitting the
surface waters which trickling through

the enclosed detritus keep the walls of
the cleft constantly wet, clammy and
unpleasant to pass. With the true
caves of a limestone region it is differ-
ent. The roof of such generally being
tjuite solid rock any entering waters
are compelled to follow the same con-
duits at all seasons.

The specimens from Mitchell's,
spoken of in the foregoing letter of Mr.
\'an Home's, are very interesting ex-
amples from the many forms of growth
made by calcareous deposits in
the underworld. The "pellets" are
known as "cave-pearls" and have
been slowly formed by calcareous
growth around a grain of sand or
other minute object as a nucleus.
Ouoting ICrnest Ingersoll, ("The Cav-
erns of Luray "j, — "They lie, three or
four together, in little hollows in the
floor, exactly like so many eggs in a
sparrow's nest. Every falling drop
moves the grain and prevents its be-
coming attached or growing into any
except a globular form; thus under
proper circumstances, marbles or
'pearls' are formed."

The cylinder or "bar," spoken of
by Mr. Van Home, of which a sketch
is given, had its origin much the same
way as the cave-pearls. These cylin-
drical forms of calcite have for their
nucleus some small object such as a
tiny twig, a splinter of wood, a pine
needle or even a hair, any of which
could easily be conveyed into a cavern
by water. The length of the nucleus
of course determining that of the cy-
linder. The example figured was
(fortunately) broken in the mails;
probably with a blow from the dating
stamp. This break has opportunely
shown in a curious way the internal
structure of the specimen.

By gently pulling the ends the cy-
linder can be separated slightly as
shown in the cut whicii is a little more
than natural size. The shorter por-
tion sliding freely for a trifling distance
on the enclosed nucleus which is there-
by plainly shown. However, the end
cannot be removed farther without

6o

THE MUSEUM.

danger of further breaking the speci-
men, so the exact nature of the nu-
cleus cannot be determined. But it is
seen to be Hght-colored, somewhat
translucent; is slightly pliant and re-
sembles a stout bristle.

Mr. Van Home has since experi-
mented on another of these cylindrical
bodies from Mitchell's and found its
nucleus a tiny twig, very brittle, un-
like the pliant nucleus of the e.xample
figured. These calcite cylinders have
been formed in like manner with the
cave-pearls. Water charged with
lime falls drop by drop upon the tiny
nucleus causing it to turn in its bed as
its coating of spar grows larger and
thicker thus slowly building up a de-
posit of uniform thickness from the
center outwards. The result is a cyl-
indrical body with neatly rounded
ends whose length slightly exceeds
that of its nucleus. The exterior of
the specimen figured is of a wax-like
whiteness and bears a beautiful polish.

The next and last object to be de-
scribed in this connection is the pecul-
iar trumpet or pipe-shaped stalactite of
which a figure is shown. It was pro-
cured by Mr. Van Home from a level,
horizontal roof of the cave.

This odd-shaped pendant has been
undoubtedly thus formed by a strong
current of air swerving the trickling
drops of water far to one side. It
has a history of its own, as well as a
prospective name, and should not be
confounded with the helictites, which
are twig-like lateral projections of cal-
cium carbonate formed by a capillary
movement of the lime-charged water
and of which examples have been no-
ticed in Mitchell's Cave.

At the entrance to nearly all cav-
erns of any considerable size a notice-
able current of air can be felt blowing
from the interior of the cave. Espec-
ially is this true in the summer season.
In the winter time the process is re-
versed a current of cold air drawing
inwards. This has been found true
with some very few exceptions. Cer-
tain caves in Kentucky, among them

Salt's Cave, discharge a constant blast
of air the year round. But it is not
with those portal blasts that we have
to deal in accounting for our curious-
ly-bent stalactite.

In the interior of our larger caverns
a perfect calm apparently reigns su-
preme. Nevertheless a quiet circula-
tion of air between the different levels
of the cave is continually taking place,
and now and then we shall find a situ-
ation where, by reason of certain pe-
culiar forms of the chambers and
passages, a very strong current is pass-
ing. Certain constricted portions of a
passage may even give rise to a pow-
erful blast which may be a constant
feature of such a situation during sev-
eral months of the year.

A long and exceedingly crooked
passage leading laterally from the
main avenue of a well-known cave
at the Helderberg Mountains ends in a
neat cul-dc-sac. Here we find an
opening of about eight inches in diam-
eter from which issues a blast almost
like that from a blacksmith's bellows.*
Given such conditions, — they can oc-
casionally be found — a moderate blast
and the proper distillation of lime-
charged water, and we have all the
necessary conditions for the formation
of just such oddities in calcite as that
figured and for which I shall propose
the name "blasanite," from the Anglo-
Saxon "blsesan" to blow. I am fully
aware that in this term, being a com-
pound from two tongues, I have pre-
sented a barbarism according to strict
scientific nomenclature, but I contend
it is fit for the object to which applied,
and otherwise far better than some of
the uncouth jaw-twisting Helenic deri-
vatives in use.

No records of an}' actual measure-
ments of the vertical depth of Mitch-

* This curious phenomenon can only be
explained by suggesting that here exists a
point of communication between the known
cave and some greater unknown and unex-
plored portion. Or that it is a channel of
communication with another cave whose en-
trance is but a short distance from that of the.
tirst.

THE MUSEUM.

6i

ell's Cave are recorded, nothiiif:; but
rude {guesses which are all, I think, in
excess of the truth. Carson supposed
the Rotunda about on a level witli the
Mohawk and two or three hundred
feet below the surface, .\nother ex-
plorer (Fletcher, 1853, ) thought he
had attained the river level, and that
he had descended several hundred feet.
Others have asserted the same. One
visitor whose account was printed in
1824 wildly places the Rotunda at a
depth of 500 feet. This would make
it lie one hundred feet below the level
of the river. .\s indicated on the new
topofjraphic majis of the National Ge-
ological Survey the- height of the river
at this point above mean sea level is
::8o feet. The mouth of the cave is
on the 680 foot level, so, to descend
to the river's level the cavern must be
400 feet deep. My opinion based on
observations made on one visit only,
and from no actual measurements, is
that it is little more than half that
depth. Say 250 feet, and I think if
actual measurement be made it will
be found to not greatly exceed this
estimate.

It is very doubtful if Mitchell's Cave
was ever visited or resorted to by the
Indians. Indeed it is not likely that
its entrance was ever noticed by them
unless some dusky hunter should have
accidentally plunged down its narrow
mouth.

The entrance being very narrow and
on nearly level ground, still thinly
wooded, might easily have been en-
tirely concealed in former times while
the primitive forest with its tangled
mass of fallen trunks occupied the re-
gion. In passing through several
heavy forests now existing on the Hel-
derberg plateau in Albany Co., N. Y. ,
one has to take great heed to his foot-
steps by reason of the numerous verti-
cal joints which traverse the limestone
of the region. These crevices, often a
oot or more in width, and very deep,
are frequently masked and hidden by a
thin covering of fallen limbs and leaf-
mold through which it is very easy to
crush with the foot.

What ;i tumble would one take
were he to come crashing into the
Grand Rotunda of Mitchell's from
some point in the woodland above.
For it seems evident that its ceiling
must be near the surface. This nar-
row but exceedingly high vault may
have but a thin and treacherous roof-
ing.

In concluding these random notes
on Mitchell's Cave I will say that I
know of but one other cave whose en-
trance is effected with so much diffi-
culty. It is a small, dry, and roman-
tic grotto in the Indian Ladder region
of the Helderbergs, where to enter in
the only true and respectful way one
has to turn a complete summersault.
The coming-out is worse than the go-
ing-in. To this I am sure Mr. Van
Home will readily bear witness.

The Ornithologists' and Oologists' Mannal.

Sl'ANUAKlJ LIST FOR COl.LKUTORS.
Kkduied to 1.5i', 2 for 2)C.
Some of itx Vontcnls:

A complcto list of all North American
Birds, giving prices of their eggs and skins.
The arrangement is according >.o the A. O U.
list, and after each name is Kidgewaj's num-
ber. Both Common and Scientilic Names
are given, in different si/o typo.

A list of Mammal and Reptile skins, with
prices A table giving ihc appro-ximato num-
ber of eggs considered a full set of every
family of Ijirds in the U. S.

Coniplet'! and exhaustive directions for
making .Scientilic Bird and Mammal Skins,
and preparing specimens for the cabinet. In-
structions for collecting, preparing and pre-
serving birds egg^ and nests, tools needed,
various recipes recommended and valuable
information about making cabinels for speci-
mens

Complete list of Taxidermists" Instruments,
Supplies and Requisites, also Oologists' In-
struments and Supplies, etc., etc.
' Size 4U0t, just right to carry in the pocket.

Order now, as our stock is very limited and
it will not be reprinted.

MUSKUM PUB CO , ALBION, N. Y.

SHELL (COLLECTORS —We intend to
greatly enlarge our stock the coming winter
and make many excdianges with collectors.
Please send us a list of any Land. Freshwater
or Marine Shells you have to olTer. Wo want
Helix as ever and wish all collectors who have
any duplicate Helix to send us complcto
lisis An one knowing of any large shell
collections for sale will confer n favor by ad-
vising us of same. W. K. WEBB, Mgr.. Al-
bi^n, N. Y.

62 THE MUSEUM.

BIRDS

Choicest imported Canaries.

Parrots, etc. Also Gold Fish

and all kii~ids of Aquaria Supplies.

BOOK. Just published, on Birds aud Fish, price 10 cents, will be sent to jou free if you
enclose stamp for postage and mention this paper.

Our new list of shells will be ready for mailing in a few ^ F-' A (^ |— j F^ J J O
days. Mailed free on request. Would like to ex- . ? I ./ \ .Jj 1 11 ^1 ,1 .»J!^

change lists with dealers everywhere.

IOWA SEED CO., DES MOINES, IOWA.

(PB HQIMP nilTV ^^^ entire stock eggs and skins at ruin-
UIbUvIIiU UU I ■ ous prices. Drop us a line if you
wish to buy anything in this line.

Walter F. Webb, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

Choice and Showy Shells.

We are now sending out daily sample lots from
the fine collection advertised in December and Janu-
ary numbers of THE MUSEUM. We have decid-
ed not to issue lists at present for all our best custom-
ers prefer to select from approval boxes. If you ad-
mire nice Shells write us. If you have a large col-
lection give us an idea of size of same, and if you
have any preference for particular families state that
also. Address at once

Webb's Natural Science Establishment,

Walter F. Webb, Mgr. Albion, N. Y.

THE MUSEUM.

63

OOLOGISTS.

Now is llii' llnid 111 buy yniir supplies for
18!I8 Nolo the follDwiuK prices for llii.s voar.
Make up voiir onler at or.cu Dou'l wait
until the Inst minute.

Drills. Ciieap 8 100 .00 tts : 12100lhs O'.l;
18 lOOIh 12; No 0. line eut. machine made for
I5p Best e'enn cut burr drills. Imif^ or short
handles, nieke! and ougiaved ;> 32 It-'; .") 82
.28; U 33 .37; 8 33 45; 12-3J 70; 10-32 i)2.

Blow Pipes Brass 8 inch, good 15 cts.
Larger brass pipe :.0 els Finest Niekle plato
blower, be.«t make. 25 cts

Kmbrvo Hooks, linely luade, uiekel and en-
ftravetl 18 cts. I..'irj;er s;/'! (ouiposed of
handle and three hooks assorted siz,^s for 00.

Embryo Scissors, best, line points 45 Ex-
tra line, long ciirvnl poinis at .72

L'limbling Irons, unstrapped, only best
style used, same as we have sold for years,
prepaid by Express, $175 Fully stnipped
anil prepaid by Express $3.35

Syringes, hard rubber, largely used for
rinsing eggs, 50 cents. Lead Pencils, soil.
best grade lOo. Colored pencils, Red and
Blue 10c. Water blower, CDnsistitig id' a rub
ber bag. with tube attached to hnttnm, 0 ft.
tubing, 2 blowers, packed and mailed com-
plete for $1 75 l<ul)ber tubing per foot 7 cts.

Data blanks, p.ll sizes and styles. Sample
sheet of 20 styles for stamp Fine data books.
with check stub, perforated, complete 25 els.
a book.

Cnlipers. \\'e reeomnieDd our niekle plated
caliper i-ipiare, four inch, rtgislering hun-
dredths, and woikseasy, so you wont break
specimens, a beauty at $1. We have all olher
grades and styles however.

Oologist Oullit for 1691

No. I, Consists (f a brass blower, two size
drills, six inch rule and lead pencil, all in a
turneil box for 25 cts.

No. 2, consists r)f a Fine Nickel Blower. No.
O drill, niekle and engraved embrjo hook, all
ID a tine polished case for 50 cents.

No. 3. Best Nickel Blo«er. No. I and 3 best
drills, line embryo hook, line pointed twee-
zers. 100 data blanks, an Ornithologists and
Oologisls Manual, with box for tools, com-*
plete for $2.

No 4. Finest put up. Best blower, No. 1, 3
and' 5 drills, best cnibr,\o hook, line point
scissors, line forceps, book tissue i)aper 2t0
datas, .10 checking lists, and O. and O. Man-
ual with neat box c<implete for $3 ."iO prepaiil.

Address all orders to W'eob's Natural Sci-
ence Eslabli.'.hmeMt

VVALTEK F WEBB, Mgr., Albion. N. Y.

JAMES P. BABBITT,

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird
Skins, Eggs and Publications,

TAUNTON, MASS.

Our large moinhly bulletin of Skln.s, Eggs, etc. free
upon application.

I

WE BUY STAMPS ^

AND ||\

OLD STAMP COLLECTIONS ^

Send us what you have wiih lowest cash
price or we will make you an olTer if you
wish Wo pay express or postage one way.

DR. J. W. FOWLER,

DUBUQUE, lA.

Florida Land and Fresh Water

Shells Also Centipedes, Sjorpions, Crabs,
etc. in alcohol at a bargain. Address with
stamp.

O. BRVANT,

Lo"gwood, Florida.

Marine Shells and Curios

Of the Gulf Coast, Florida for sale.

If you want the best Shells collected write
nic iiir my prices before you buy. Address,

Wesley Douglas, Dunedin, Fla.

IHE AMERICAN

ARCH/eOLOGIST.

F:.-r:.T-r:L.r Thc Antiquarian.

a Tlonthly AnthropoloTicat Ilagazinc Desiemed for

Stadent^, Scientists, Collectors acO. Dealers

in Ilatcral I-istory Specimens.

no-w 1:1 ITS sEccin) vcluke.

Pnbllslied on tbo 75tli cf eacli month ty The Landon

Printing and Pnblictiingr Co., 20 East

Broad Street, Colnmbns, Ohio.

;ti3oCly coaiactcd, vrcll eslatlislicd, and nnmbers
lujant; its writers and contribotors the first scientists
i.id scliolars cf C'.:r country, tvcry issue contains
\ c".l);lastratcd panctson tcpics relating to Primitive
I .':::! Iicro and cisewtcrc, irclacingtte relics ard re-

a -o cf Pnctio ai,d ClAl Bv/el!;:;? Indiars; the
i!oc::c's f.-.l JIcceI Bcf.'.dcr3 of ti'ie United Slates;
p-ch!stcr:c rr.Ii's and Art works of Kcnico, Centra)
nr.dSou',;i A:.icrlca; diocrssiors cf prccleclal iran in
^■.-.'rlc^; cir.ly mnn ta Errcjc azd A:ia; ttc states
a 'd Er.trrr.l hiDtcr;/ of recent cav.'.rTe icccs, 4 c., &c.

it pr.I;"ch's latcrcet!ngr itCES frcn ccrrcspordccts
In cv. ry prjrt of tlie country, a:!d devotes mnch atten-
tloD to f:'e wa::ts ot Ccllcctrrs nrd Dealers. All
recent puWicatJons of sclcatiiic Viilne are reviewed
c:ontl;!y; it gives an accccni: of all recent archaeo-
I;:rlcal C'.xovirlcs and n .v.s ; arl illnstrates the rare
"i-'icr^ijv.ecpcc'ncnsot private a^dpcblic collections

Ticre Isr.o oti'-icr moatiily joarr.r.lof this character
rr.llishcdiJtLe world for the edilicaticnof thcgen-
irzl f::Il;c, as well as for the student. It aims to dls-
B:~'..''.e knowledire which cannot bo gained from
c'J: rt:nrccs, and pnblishes technical pap-.rs and gov-
crr::.:r.trcport5, which are not available to the gen-
eral rc.".icr, ard is indispensiMe to all pcrsors irter-
c:t:d ia the study cr the collection cf the relics d
Er.'-.ltlvcEan.

7ioTr;cei3 within the reach cf ell, rr.d affords the
rriv.? res of tLe preat Ubraricc, ccuibiued with
Arcliaolofrical treatises, as thy arpearlrom tin:o to
t!=:e. Uavlrg a wide and increasing circnlation, it
c--s*ltnIcsoLO cf the best mediams in onrcoontry for
^ '.V rUsfng tte btsiness of Cnrio Dealers, Toxlder-
r '-,"3 ard Naturalists,

iatccripticn price, $1.50 per year.

A c"py will be sent free to any one sending ns four
Bubicrlbers and six dollars.

64

THE MUSEUM.

STAMPS.

Brightest Stock. Lowest Prices.

Packet, No. 1, $1.

Coutains about 8) British Colouiiils which c;italo2;ue
over SI. 00; 2?0 oiher foreigu UiHt catiihiane over $3.10,
and U. S. that will cat iloKue over $2 00. A better
packet for the price h 'S never been offered.

Packet No. 2. 23 Cents or 20 One Cent
Stamps. 125 Varieties.

Our rheapest ^-ml quickest snlli^r. No cheap coun-
tries represented but 125 rtiffeient stamps from such
countries as Hawaii, Brazil. "Russia, Great Britain,
African and French Colonies, PorLugese. Spani?li, etc.

Packet No. 3

30 Cents or 30 One Cent
Stamps.

This is a Little Hummer. i:'0 varieties from the
fjame countries as No. 2 t>ut higher priced stamps.
You cd.n put 50 In a collection and trade or trell the
balance for more than it cost you.

Packet No 4, 50 Cents.

British Colonies Only.
This packet should please auy one. It contains 7.^
different British and British Colonies, such as the
Cauadas Qiieinsianl Trinidad, Cyprus. Jamaica.
Western Australia New Zealand. Ta'-mauia New
South Wales, Cape of Good Hope. Mauritius, British
Guiana, etc.

Packet No. 5, $5.

A iine start for a collection of U. S. stamp-. The
unused U. S. stamps alone catalogue over one-half the
price of the pacUei. Tne used stamps catalogue over
$10.00. ]t contains stamps from issues of 1851, lSo7,
1861, 1868, 1831) and so on up to 1894, stamps from tbe
departments and a number of scarce envelopes. This
pacltet Is a bargain.

50c. Packet. No. 6.

ICCO St-iimps for ''Oo., or 25 2 j stamps. One thousand
>5tamps will keep the young collector busy filling up
his book for a month. A good ma'^y stumps among
these cataloging 3, 4. ani 5 cents each.

Packet No. 10, $10.

The 1,100 varieties— all different— put up by coun-
tries in separate euvelopf-s aud enclosed in one pack-
et, a collection in itself. This is a packet that is use-
ful To a small dealsr as well as to a collector. It con-
tains a wide range of stamps. Including many very
scarce and desirable stamps. This is yn exceptional
offer and we expect this to wiu us many future cxis-
tomers.

Anyone sending us th", names of five hones^t, active
stamp collectors and eit^ht 1 cent stamps will receive
by return mail an unused S cent Columhian and an U.
S. Rev. or a G cent uuustd Columhian and 3 U. S Rev.
" This extra to us ia to get acciuaitited with good act-
ive collectors.

Needing anything like the foltowiug at the present
time I

Perforating Gauge, the most useful assistant to
a Stamp Collector. 25 cents. Stamp Tongs. 50 cents.
Surcharge Mkasures, $1.0). Magnifying Glasses,
$1.00. tine. GiULL Measuker, for EmDoss-d Stamps,
accurate. Eoniething needed if you collect or sell U.
S.,y5 cents. Of course we buy stamps and old collec-
tions.

THE RETURW MAIL STAMP CO

DUBUQUE, IOWA,

Look Over Your old Magazines

If you h:iv i^ any numbers or complete sets
of any old I'lagazines, such as Nittologists,
Ospre.vs Or> logist & Ornithologists and es-
pecially bai k numbers of the one hundred
and one smhi I ornithological publications is-
sued betwB' M l!-80 and 1897, send us list at
once. We v '11 i;ive good exchange for any
old back nuiu '"firs of papers devoted to nat-
ural science. Let us hear from you at once.

W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,

Albion, N. Y.

Sketches of Some
Common Birds,

By Prof. P. M. Silloway. of Illinois.

No better book could be selected for a Nat-
uralist friend. It is only $1 50 prepaid. Send
at once. 353 pages, finely bound in cloth, and
beautifully illustrated by halftones.

\A,^ALTER F. \A^EBB, Mgr.,
ALBION, N. Y.

Back Numbers of

THE MUSEUM.

Complete your files now before it is
too late. Send for any numbers you
lack in any volume at 5c each, and
they will be sent by return mail.

W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,

ALBION, N. Y.

100 Specimens to Any Address for $1.

Curiosities for the collectors. Nice speci-
mens for your cabinet. Beautiful collections
for table and mantle.

100 Nice Sea Shells 25c., 20 Choice Speci-
mens 2Tc , 100 Mixed Coins $3 00, 1 dozen
Arrow Points 50c., 12 Beautiful Mixed Olive
Shells 50c , 30 Tropical Woods and Botanical
Specimens $1.00, all prepaid.

500 000 specimens in stock from all parts of
the world. Every thing perfect. Satisfao
lion j iiaranteed or money refunded. Send
stamp for bargain list and drawings. All or-
ders promptly tilled.

JOHN B. WHEELER,
East Templeton, Mass.

When answering advertisements al-
ways mention THE MUSEUM.

No. I Kival Ciiiuera aiiJ Oiillit.

( •lU-lsiiiij; c.( »,iiiiicni IMiiif. I'llnlliii; l'r:iii\i\ llUie
Pr>i.os« I'liIH'f. Ciiril Mount. H 'X i>t H.vi>i>., Uiihy
l.tiiiip. I'liiK'r. iKiltli' ot ilry Di'Vi'lapcr. bonk of In-
-.ii'nriiiius. rrire .'u>i-, I^^si;»^:^^ n'f.

Hiv.M. N'l'. .■! siiuif :iK iiliovi' Imt Im'IIim- oiitlii with
ttin.' :iinl Irisniiil iiifoiis Hhiiltpr. *l I'ostftiri'. l'«\

MlMdlllK" i'llliriMil(AI"ll ("AMKIIA AMI Ot'l'KlT.

1 111- 1 imtTa has » I'lan' HoMer ami groin il duuss-
K _ ^.1-- .l.-iaolu'il Iioiii lilt- Cainera You can have
••Mr. I I'l.iU' IIoIiUt-. Till- Mlnlatuiv" has aCE.Ni'i.sK
Lk.\~ that will lake i>li'tuic» f<in I to nnuh hi^rhfr
]iri.-.o I anu'ni.s. Thf ouillt i'on.sl>-is o( a prrttll.v llii-
1-hi.l CannTA with iSi'imlni' l.i'ua. urouinl or fotnsi.|ni;
:;! .-^ lu fraiiif. Iniproviil IMati' lloMer. Hry I'lalcs.
p. >.lopt>r. Hypo.ToulMKl'lieiiili"»ls. Sfusll'/t><l Paper.
Iii-iriiol Ions all packeil In a iieat l>o.\. I'rice. com-
plete, f 1.00. INx-tatre. i.v-.

The "Perfect" Camera and Printing Outfit.

I'ltceof ihe Perfect. lucliiilinK' one (Mate lloMer iiml
Complete |ieveloi>lns{ and PriiillDtr Outllt il.M.
K.xi res« prepalil for l.">.'. K.stra Plate Holders. iV.
Write for catalogue. ple:ise mention name of papiT-

FREDERICK L. SILVEY.

III!" Na.-i-aii .St . New York.

GEO. G. CANTWELL,

JUNEAU, ALASKA.

Rare Alaskan, Birds'
Eggs and Indian Curios.

.ItiNt l>:icl<: from iiii extensive
collecting; trip iilnini the coiiMt.

■IxS rietvs of the |;olil li«>l<l.'<. Jiitienii, Dyvn,
Skaeaway, Chilknt Pass, Mine.-; t-nrnntoanil
all iMiiiit-i of ititerfsl iiliiiiiiig tlie Yukon.

SOc eacli. S5.(M) asNi>rte<l tloxen.

.Seiiil for price list. •

WRITE US

for our <'atilo(f f Scientific and Lit-
erary Courses of Study. \\ <■ are making a
rovoliiiion in Coricspondencc Stiuly. 72

I'oiirses are,n(Icit'(l for JHSiS, emhracine H

.■>i'\j ' "

lan(fiiaKP.< ami 2(1 t-oursps in matheinatics.

lM'.siili>.siiiatj>-. others. Send f|iiick.

Tfir ('nrrps|H)iii|pnfc Sdioiil of Sniciipt' i Liti-MtiiiT,

I'.ertrain J. IVi.shop, Principal.

WVAXDOTTK. Mil 11.

Reliei Maps

KOR SCHOOLS
OK AM. CKADKS.

Syslcmallc Collections.

mixkralo(;y, ckulocy. zoolo(;y,

LAN'i'F:UN SLIDKS, KTC.

Washington School Collections.

Miucrals. llorks and Iiivcrtclnatc! Auinial.s.
It is safe to say that no collections of equal excel-
lence have ever before tieeii olTered lu this country at
so low a price ijy eachi. Send for circular.

EDWIN E. HOWELL,

12 17th St., N. W . Washington, D. C

Autograph Letters
of Famous People.

Original Letters, not copies.
Send for my price lists.

Walter Romeyn Benjamin,

1 125 Broadway, New York.

You Want Labels.

No collection is complete withoiii uniform and near
labels. I print Bird. IOkk. Shell. Fossil. Herbarium
and all kinds of labels. KKt;. small ir>c per 10(1; *l per
IIXW. Large. •.'.•>c per lUJ: 11.75 per laio. Send for
prices on NaturallsUs' priming. D. H. KATON. \Vo-
biirn, Mass.

50 YEARS'
PERIENCE

Trade Marks
Designs
Copyrights &c.

Anvonp ^onilliijr n !.kplcli niul de^crtntlon may
niilt-kly a^cerijiln mir epinmii free whether an
Invention H itrribnhiv pjitentiihle. rommuldra-
lloii<<iilrl<'llyciintl(lciillal. HiinrthLOlt on Patents
:«enl free. oIili'.tt nu'cncv for ftccurniK patent.*.

Patent** t!il(i.n ihrMtiu'li .Munn A ^'o. receive
titfrlnl witit-r, witli'iui i-tiartfe. In the

Scientific Jlmerican.

riilHri.iii i.f liny xrii^iitiflc Jtnirruir. TerniH. |.'i n
vcfir: fnur niiuitlis. $1. Sol J l.y :tll newBdeHlern.

IVIUNN&Co.«tBro.dway. New York

Hranili oltl.e. ir» F St.. WashlnKton. 1). I .

Grand Premium Offer!

As an inducement to new subscribers and for old subscribers to renew prompt-
ly we make the following offer.

To everyone sending an order from enclosed list to value of $i.oo or over we
will send The Museum one year FREE. If order amounts to ;ft2.oo or over we will
also include two exchange coupons.

HERE IS THE LIST:

Instruments and Supplies.

Furrier's Comb - * BO

Oil Stones.- 13

Leg Drill 35

Plyers 4 Inch .'0

Sewing Palm 35

Forceps, be.st 50

Common 15 to 30

Shears, heavy 1 00

Wire Cutters hO

Scalpels 60

Taxidermist outfit, fine 2 00

Arsenical Soap, box .50

Ai-senic, lb _ 15

Alum, lb 10

Art leaves grass 40

Bird Lime 40

Potter's Clay, lb., 03

Cops. 4 for 35

Flowers, bunch 10

Grasses, bunch 30

Icicles, doz 40

Moss, green 10

" brown 15

Mica Snow, pound 35

Tube Paint, 13 for 1 00

Deer Shields, large . 1 00

Pins, lai'ge, hundred 25

Stands. 2'/. inch top. 10

3 to 6 inch top .15 to 35

Staples, pack 10

Smalts, per lb 25

Tannine, maks 4 gallons best

tanning liquor 1 00

Tow, best grade, per lb 05

Wire, assorted, lb 50

Egg Drills, cheap 6 to 10

best 20 to 1 00

Blowers, Brass 13

" Nickel 35

Embyro Hooks 15

Climbing Irons, unstrapped 1 35

" '■ strapped 3 00

Datas, sample sheet, styles in

stock 03

Rubber tubing for water blower

per loot. 06

Calipers, best 100th 1 00

Oologist outfit, good 35

best 50

Entomologist Forceps, curved 1 25

best 2 50

cases, good 1 00

Cork, 4x8xii', per sheet 15

Disinfecting Cones, doz _ is

Killing Cans 35 and ,50

Bottles fine 100

Insect Pins 30 styles, per huud. 15

■' Samples -. 0^

Plant Press 50

■• best 2 25

Some Fine Polished Shells.

Pink Murex .S 25

Black ■■ 2b

White '■ -25

Magpie Trochusi - 25

Pearl Trochus 35

White Hallotis .'HI

Black •• 50

TiR-er Cowry 10

Mole •■ 15

Turbo, pearly 15

Green Turbo 40

Pearl " .50

East Indies Clam 50

Mitre '. 30

Augel Wings 25

Marlinspike 25

Harp Shell :.. 25

Strombus pugilis 06

vittatus 10

granulatus 10

Marbled Cone 15

Lettered Cone 15

Lion Cone 10

Foxhead Volute 25

Cardiura Consors 25

Spondylus 1 50

Above are some of our most showy
kinds at net prices.

Corals.

Pink Coral i 15

Red •■ 15

Yellow '■ 15

Rose " ....; 10

Plate " 15

Forking " 15

Mushroom" 35

Palm ■' 25

Stinging " , 25

Rolling ■• 25

Organpipe "• 15

Precious " 15

Cracker " 10

Coralline " , 10

All correctly named and localized.

Basket Starfish

Chinese "

Black "

California "

Atlantic '■

Blue ••

Red ■'

Flat "

Clubspined Urchin

Atlantic "

Mammoth California Urchin..

Sea Biscuit

Sea Beaver

Sea Gopher

Sand Dollar..

Trinidad Dollar

Keyhole Dollar

Fine list curios for stamp.

Nice Minerals.

Actlnolite

Agate

Amazon stone

Biotite

Bronzite

Calcite Crystals

Carborundum

Coquina

Cyanite Crystals

Dogtooth Spar

Fluor Spar

I Flint ball

Garnet...

Quartz crystal fine M

i Geode , 10

Graphite 10

Magnesite 10

Onyx 10

Gypsum fine UJ

Pyrites 10

Drusy Quartz U)

Glassy '■ 10

Rose " 10

Milky " 10

Hematite 10

Satin Spar 10

Selenite 10

Silic. Wood 10

Pet. Wood 10

Tourmaline lo

Tufa 10

Zircon 10

Silver Ore 10

Gold •■ 10

Copper " It)

Above ,'15 10c. specimens for $3.5it.

25
15
.50
25
35
25
15
35
2".
50
15
10
.50
30

10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

Fine list Fossils on hand and a very large stock fine shells. Write us.

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr., ALBION, N. Y.

VOL. IV.

NO. 5.

MARCH, i8g8.

U(EU7n

oi^r^"K5?jEs^

:cir^::J:^^):^S^^wb^'krH^X:^=m:^j

rn^mD:

A Journal Devoted to Research it Natural Science

PATHS: — $1 .00 per year to all lountrics. in itiivnnce. Snif^ii numhirs. in iff.

Published on the 13th of each nmith hj- Mi seum Puui isiiing Cd.,. Albion, X V

'IHE MUSEUM.

Relief Maps

FOR SCHOOLS
OF ALL GRADES.

SysteDialic Collections.

MINERALOGY, (JEoLOGY, ZO,)LOGY,

LANTERN SLIDES, ETC.
Washington School Collections.

Miiieral.s, Rocks and luvertelnate A liiiials

It Is safe to say thai no Collections of equal excel-
lence have ever before been ortered iu this coiiutry at
so low a price (|-J eicli). Semi for circular.

EDWIN E. HOWELL,

Vi 17th St., N. W., Washingfton, D. C.

The Ornitliologists' and Oologists' Manual.

STANDARD LIST FOR COLLECTORS.
Reduckd to 15c, 2 for 35c,
Some oj Us Conlenls:

A complete list of all North American
Birds, Hiving prices of their effors and skins.
The ai rangeiiieiit. is ac.-urdiiig 'o the A O U.
Il.st, and after each name is Rid;jew:ti's iinni-
lier. Both C<nnmou and Scientilic Names
are given, in different ?ize type

A list of Mammal and Reptile skins, with
prices A table giving the approximate num-
ber of eggs consiilered a full set of every
family of birds in the U. S.

Complete and exhanstive directions for
making Scientilic Bird and Mammal Skins,
and preparing specimens for the cabinet In-
strnctions for collecting, preparing and pre
serving birds eggs and nests, tools needed,
various recipes recommendeil and valualile
information about making cabinets for speci-
mens

Complete li.-t of Taxidermists' Instruments,
Supplies anil Reqnisites, also Oologists' In-
struments and Supplies, etc., etc.

.ssize 4ix6i just right to carry in the pocket.

Orderuow, as our stock is very limited and
it will not be reprinted

MUSEUM PUB CO , ALBION, N. Y.

WRITE US

for our Catalogue of Scientific and Lit-
erary Courses of Study. We are making a
revolution in Correspondence Study. 73
courses are offered for 1898, embracing 8
languages and 20 courses in mathematics,
besidet- many others. Send quick.

The (".rrespoiiileucc School of Science & Literature,

Bertram J. Bishop, Principal.

Wyandotte, Mich.

IV/ien ans-ivcring adi'crlisemcnts al-
ways mention THE MUSEUM.

OOLOGISTS.

Now is the lime to buy your supplies for
18118 Note the following prices for this year.
Make up your order at ouce. Don't wait
until the last minute.

Drills. Cheap 8 100 06 cts ; 12 lOOths 09;
18-lOOth 12; No. 0. line cut, machine made for
15c. Best c'ean cut burr drills, long or s-lioil
handles, lickel and engraved 3 32 25; 5 32
.35; 0-32 .50; 8 32 00; 12-32 ,75; 16-32 $1.

Blow Pipes Brass 8 inch, good 15 cts.
Larger brass pipe 10 cts. Finest Nickle plate
blower, best make, 25 cts.

Embryo Hooks, finelj' made, nickel and en-
graved 18 cts. Larger size composed of
handle and three hooks assorted sizes for 60.

Embryo Scissors, best, line points .45. Ex-
tra tine, long curved points at 72.

Climbling Irons, unstrapped, only best
style useit, same as we have sold for yeais,
prepaid by Expie-ss, $1 75 Fully strapped
and prepaid l>v Express $J 35

Syringes, hard rubber, largely used for
rinsing i ggs, 50 cents. Lead Pencils, soft,
best grade 10c. Colored pencils. Red and
Blue lOc. Water blower, consisting of a rub
ber bag. with tidje attached to bottom, 6 ft.
tubing, 2 blowers, packed and mailed com-
plete for $1 75- Rubber tubing per foot 7 cts.

Data blanks, p.ll .sizes and styles. Sample
sheet of 20 styles for stamp Fine data books,
with check stub, perforated, complete 25 cts.
a book.

Calipers. We recommend our nickle plated
caliper square, four inch, registering hun-
dredths, and works easy, so you wont break
specimens, a beauty at $1. We have all o'her
grades and styles however.

Oologist Oultit for 18fH.

No. 1, Consists of a brass blower, two size
drills, six inch rule and lead pencil, all in a
turned box for 25 cts.

No. 2, consists of a Fine Nickel Blower. No.
O drill, nickle and engraved embryo hook, all
in a fine polished case for 50 cents.

No. 3, Best Nickel Blower, No. I and 8 best
drills, tine embryo hook, fine pointed twee-
zers, 100 data blanks, an Ornithologists and
Oologists Manual, with box for tools, com-
plete for $2.

No. 4, Finest put up. Best blower. No. 1, 3
and 5 drills, best embryo hook, fine point
scissors, fine forceps, book tissue paper 200
datas, 50 cheeking lists, and O and O. Man-
ual with neat box complete for $3 50 prepaid.

Address all orders to Webb's Natural Sci-
ence Establishment

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

JAMES P. BABBITT,

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird
Skins, Eggs and Publications,

TAUNTON, MASS.

Our large monthly bulletin of Skins, Eggs. etc. free
upon application.

THE MUSEUM.

WANTS, EXCHANGES AND FOR SALES.

All notices that come under above will bo inserted in this (lepurtmeut until further notice
atone (1) cent a word. No notice, less than 2oc. Terms Cash with rnler. Xo charge for
address. I shall at all times endeavor to keep parties, whose reputation is of a doubtful char-
acter from using these columns.

TO KXCUANCE-Ono pair snapped
Climbing Irons (Standard size and shape) for
each !?i 50 worth of eggs. Send list tirst. F.
H. MKTCALF, Holyoke, Mass. 2tM

COLORADO Minerals and curios. For list
address, E. \V. KIMBALL, Bo.x 078, Boulder,
Colo.

FOR SALE:— Arrow-beads scarf pins,
mounted in rolled plate gold, 35c; solid sil-
ver, 60c each, posipaid. (This offer good
until April 15lh) Also Bird Points and other
Indian Relics and minerals at reduced prices.
CHAtJ. R. HESTON, Sidney, O.

FOR EXCHANGE-A Deer and Elk head.
Wanted, a small turning lathe address. WM.
MATHERS, Taxidermist, Plain City, Utah.

FOR SALE;— Whole mound pottery and
other desirable Indian relics. Outlines 2c
stamp. Collections of Indian relics wanted
for cash. C!orrespondencc solicited. DR.
W. O. EMERY, Crawfordsville, Ind.

FOR SALE:— Minerals. For 12 one cent
stamps will mail postpaid a cabinet specimen
of Micaceou.s quartz (mica, quarts and feld-
spar). Sparkling, very pretty and showy.
A late find. CHAS. R. HESTON, Sidney, ().

FOR EXCHANGE:-Mounted oirds, in-
cluding Ibises, etc. for earner i, books or of-
fers. Send des'^riplioD of specimens wanted
from pctrilied forests of Arizona. I go there
soon, and can bring them out. It costs no
more to get what you want. BERT R. BEY-
MER. Taxidermist, Rocky Ford, Colo.

HEADQIAHTK^RS for ancient wampum of
Cayuga Co . N. Y. 2 drz., 45c; colored beads,
2 doz , 25c; Tenn. arrow points, 30c per do/, ;
spears, average 3 in , 60c per doz ; 35c per (i:
knives, scrapers, drills, hammer stones, sink
ers. Try one lot and you will receive a pn ~
ent. J. MINCHIN, Fleming. Cayuga Co.,

OCTAPUS in Alcohol. Fine specimen, for
•2 .55, prepaid; Beautiful Sea Anenomes in jar
at 50c ea( li. Other ccjiially fine speci-
mens at low rates. W. F. A'EBB, Mgr., Al-
bion, N. Y.

^VANTED:— A fine lot of Ancient Indian
Relics. Anyone having a collection of extra
nice specimens for sale write us. Will buy
in large lots if cheap \\'. F. WEIJB, Mgr.,
Albion. N. Y.

F'OR EXCHANGE:— Sets 30. 32, 51a, 70. 74,
75, 7SI, 12U, 20i, 508, 51'.t, (iSl for sets, fresh
skins or offers. J. li. MANN, Arlington
Heights, Mass.

TO EXCHANGE:— Finely mounted Game-
Heads, for tirst class Eggs in sets with datas.
Send for full lists of everything ia the Natur-
alists lino. Address by return mail. WAL-
TER E. McLAlN, Taxideriuist and Job Print-
er, New Vineyard, Maine.

FOR SALP^: — A second hand Ridgeway's
Manual, $4.50; Dana's Manual Geology, $3.
A large lot of other valuable works at equally
low rates. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N.Y.

FOR SALE:-A.O. U. No. 4 1-5, 35c;
1-1, 19c; 27 1-2, 30c; 51a 13. 24c; 54 1-3.
.59 1-2, 30c; 09 1-3, 20c; 70 1 3, 18c; 71 13,
74 1-2, 8c; 76 11, 50c: 77 13, 20c; 79 1-1,
92 1-1. 75c; 115 1-2. $1.50; 120 1-5, ,50c; 128
60e; 191 1-5. 25c; 197 1-4. 2.5c; 200 1-4, 2.5c;
1-5, 2.5c; 208 1-4, 40c; 212 1-7, ,50c; 214 1-11,
364 13, 69c; 333 1-5, 70c; 3.35 1-3, COc; 339a
70e; 373 1-3. 40c; 390 1-7, 7(lc; 289 1-20, 80c;
1-19 $1 20; 420c 1-2, 89c; 420a 1-2, 39c; 430
7.5c; 428 n-2, 70c; 429 n-2. GOc; 431 n-2. 65c;
n-2, 70c; 434 n-2, $1. All prepaid at price.
All the above sets are tirst class with data.
Write for full list. J. O. JOHNSON, Lock
Box 5.50, Southington, Conn.

30a
36c ;^
20c;
25c;

1-1.

201
50c;.

1-3,

300
n-2,

433

WHALE'S TEETH —We have just secured
some of the largest whale teeth ever taken.
They are perfectly immense. Prices $3 to $5.
Drawings on application — Some engraved.
W. F. WEBB, Mgr , Albion, N. Y.

FOR SALE:— Some mammoth Walrus
tusks — probably larger than you ever saw be-
fore. Send for drawings if interested. Prices
$3 to $5. W. F. WEBB, Mgr , Albion, N. Y.

DAVIE'S NESTS and EtJGS:— A circular
has just been received by us that the book is
now re.idy for delivery. There has been so
many false alarms we don't have nnuh faith.
Hope to have copies before next number of
Museum is out. If you contemplate buying a
copy, write us as wo shall give some extra in-
ducements. No monev n quired until I'ook
is delivered. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N.Y.

I WANT copies of Tlie Argosy before Vol.
15. 1 have story papers of all kinds to ex-
change for them. Send list and receive mine.
STANLEY SHACKELL, Box 380. Portage.
Wis.

'66

THE MUSEUM.

FOR SALE.— Kansas fossils Send 20 cts.
for package containing ammonite, sections
of tlie orthoceratite, ancient oyster shell and
other fossils. Send silver. CAMMIE ROSS,
Howard, Kan. ■ 2tf

WANTED: — The following magazines in
good condition: The Argosy, before volume
19; Qood News, any volume; Oolden Days.any
volume; The Holiday, any volume; The Boys'
World, any volume; Our Boys and Oirls, any
volume. I also want the follnwing Castle-
man Books: The House Boat Boys, The My-
stery of Lost River Canon, The Young Game
Warden, The Buried Treasure, George in
Camp, Snagged and Sunk, Steel Horse Joe
Wayriug, Frank in the Mountains, and Lucky
Tom Series. For the above 1 will give, good
exchange. Any one having any volumes or
books of the above, to exchange, send list.
FREU JOHNSON, Box 25.5, Portage, Wis

*THE OSPREY.'

"The greatest bird monthly the world has

ever seen."
For a short lime I olTer some special club

bing rates for new subscriptions to Tlie

Osprey.

.Full year subscriptions to both. The Ospuey
to new subscribers only, with

The Auk $3.45

The Museum 1.10

Birds ("97 or '98) 3.00

Recreation 1.40

Oregon Naturalist 1.00

Bull. Mich. Orni. Club 1.10

Iowa Ornithologist 1.10

American Field 4.50

Popular Science News 2 10 ■

Cosmopolitan 1 50

McChucs • 1 50

Harpers Magazine 4.00

Forest and Stream, new subs. ouly4.1()

American Naturalist 4 45

Overland Monthly 1.70

Scientific American 3 (10

I can furnish any periodical published and
"Will quote you The Osi'Key with any others
you may wish. I also furnish any other com-
bination of periodicals at the lowest possible
rates. Don't miss these ofl'ers. Address,

BENJAMIN HOAG SUBSCRIPTION AGENCY,

STEPHENTOWN, N. Y.

This is my

Arctic Skins.

We have the following fine A relic Skins,
all in A 1 shape

Violet-green Cormoiant $2 00

Alaska Raven 1 50

Glaucous wing Gull 1 50

Black Turnstone 95

Harlequin Duck 2 00

Horned Putlin 2 00

Ancient Murrelet 1 85

Marbled Murrelet 1 50

Sandwich Sparrow 85

Send orders at once. All on hand and
shipped by return mail.

Walter F. Webb, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

e yoUr oWn

Many times you have secured specimens that you
desired to save in a lifelike state. You are no Taxi-
dermist .and possibly there Is none at hand.

Our method is EASY and RAPID and with a little
practice, excellent work can be done. And above all
ANYONE CAN LEARN IT. Many Men, Women and
Children iise our method and others commence every
day. No Oologist should be without it. Satisfaction
is guaranteed. Think of Preserving and Mounting a
Pigeon or Quail in *Jii minutes— it can be done.

Taxidermy Made Easy.

Giving full directions for doing the work and one
pound of K. & P. preservative; enough to preserve
from 30 to .10 small birds, sent on receipt of 65 cents.
Send at once. Several can learn in a very short time.
No tools required to entail extra expence. Corres-
pondence solicited.

KERR & PERHAM,

BLENCOE,IOWA.

SANDWICH, ILL.

BAROAINS.

lOO first-class specimens to any address. II. CO.

Beautiful Shells, Corals, and Curiosities Iroiu all
parts of the world.

100 nice Shells, '&q. 13 Beautiful mixed Olive Shells,
.tOc. 100 large specimens, SS.OO, worth three times the
price or money refunded. 3:! mixed Coins, Jl.OO. 30
first class Tropical Botanical Specimens, $1.00. 12
perfect Arrow Points. .^Oe. 20 choice specimens, 2"c.
100 perfect Pf)rcuiiine Quills. 2:c.

50,000 Specimens in Stock.

Everything perfect. Satisfaction guaranteed or
money refunded. Send stamp for drawings and bar-
gain list. All orders promptly filled.

JOHN B. WHEELER,

East Templeton, Mass.

Proposition. DO YOU WANT LABELS?

Let me send foi A our inspection, charges postpaid,
35 of the Famous Quartz Crystals found at
this place. If this collection of Brilliant ( lems pleases
you, kindly send 70 cents only, otherwise return the
collection and it will be O. K. Highest Award at the
World's Fair. Order today. 2to

A. B. CRIM,

Itliddleville, HerUiiuer Co., P>J. v.

1 have lO.OOO labels ]"xl inch, printed in
red on butf bristol card, at 4c per 100, post-
paid. Letter Heads, 35c per 100. {Envelopes,
35c per 100. All kinds of labels. Send copy
and stamp for prices on naturalists' printiufr
of any kind. D. H. EATON,

Woburn, Mass.

THE MUSEUM

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

Vol. 1\".

ALBION, N. Y., MARCH 15, 1898.

No. 5

1

Mierationof Birdsat Seguin Light
House.

BV HHKHEUT L. SPINNEY, 2ND ASSIS-
TANT KEEPER.

The observations of which I shrill
speak have been made during the live
years I have served as second assis-
tant keeper of the li^ht. This light is
on Seguin Isfaud at the entrance to
the Kennebec River three miles from
the mainland. The island is nearly a
mile long by a third wide as the land
runs, and is 145 feet above the sea at
its highest elevation, upon which the
lighthouse rises 35 feet more to the
center of the lantern. The light is a
fi.xed white light of the first order and
is visible I9;| miles.

During the spring while the birds
are migrating north to their breeding
localities, and again in the fall when
returning south to winter (juarters,
many of the smaller birds, especially
those of nocturnal Hight, are attracted
lO the light in numbers varying from
a few individuals to hundreds, accord-
ing to conditions of the atmosphere.
The nights which I have observed to
be most favorable for this exhibition
of bird phenomena are when during
migration there have been severe fires
at different localities, and the atmos-
phere has become impregnated with
smoke, this combined with lighc south-
west winds and clear nights offer the
best results for observation.

On such nights as this, usually about
nine o'clock, a few individuals may be
seen flying around in the rays of light,
while others at a short distance may
be heard uttering chirping notes.
Gradually the number increases until
hundreds are in sight, looking like
small meteors as they gyrate^ around
■the light, some drawing nearer, others

receding almost out of sight in the
darkness, only to return until many of
them kill or injure themselves by
striking the lantern, or some atmos-
pheric change causes them to disap-
pear, or daylight appears. Many will
fly directly at the light and when al-
most near enough to strike the glass
will suddenly rise, going over the lan-
tern if they do not strike the top
which many do injuring or killing
themselves. Others would fly against
the glass and struggle to get through
until exhausted, when they would set-
tle on the sash of the lantern, or on
an iron rail and walk, which encircles
it, only to commence the same strug-
gle as soon as rested, ihis often lasting
until daylight. On the walk men-
tioned there would be a hundred or
more birds resting, and at the same
time so many fluttering against the
glass you could not count them.
While many kill themselves by flying
directly against the glass, the greatest
mortality is caused by their suddenly
rising out of the rays of the light and
striking the top of the lantern which
is copper. I have sat inside of the
lantern on a night like the one men-
tioned and listened to them strike,
sometimes faster than I could count,
a number often striking at the same
time, the vibration from the concus-
sion causing it to appear as if a body
of some pounds' weight had struck in-
stead of a small warbler. This hap-
pens many nights during migration,
from a few hours some nights, until
near daylight on others. Other con-
ditions favorable for this display are
warm cloudy nights, very dark with
little wind if any. Usually southwest
winds seem to be most favorable al-
though I have seen a fair display with
the wind northeast, but this is the e.x-

68

THE MUSEUM.

ception. During any these nights
mentioned, should rain or strong winds
come suddenly, all but a few individ-
uals will leave at once or settle down
on the ground. Should you then go
out with a lantern you would find the
grass full of them, and as you walk
along they will fly up in all directions,
some tlying against your lantern, others
alighting in front of you, only to re-
peat the same movements as you again
approached near them

On some nights, when all conditions
seemed favorable, and hundreds if not
thousands of birds were scattered over
the island, only scattering birds if any,
■tvould approach the light. I have no-
ticed this many times when during the
day I would walk over the island and
notice the myriads of birds congregat-
ed, and think what a display the night
would bring and the mortality which
would accompany it, but when night
came not a bird would make its ap-
pearance, nor could I next morning
find a dead or disabled bird. If these
birds went on their way as soon as
night came, as many others must have
taken their place during the night, for
the ne.xt morning they would be as
plenty as they were the past day. If
they arrived during the night they did
not manifest it by sight or sound in
leaving or approaching the island.

I have never noticed any birds
around the light during foggy weather
excepting once, of which I will quote
just as I have it in my journal.

"September 20, 1897. The wind
today has been southeast and moder-
ate. At 7 p. m. it commenced to
rain, up to this no birds had been seen
or heard around the light. 8:40 p. ni.
came fog, when suddenly the air re-
sounded with the notes of birds and
they could be seen flying around in the
rays of the light. 9:25 p. m. the fog
cleared and it rained very hard, when
the birds all disappeared as (juickly as
as they came. Only two Pine Warb-
lers came on the lantern."

I have noticed that some species are
more persistent than others in remain-

ing on the light, especially the Hermit
Thrush, also the different sparrows
and a few of the warblers. I have gone
out side many times and taken them
from the glass where they were strug-
gling to get in, carried them down be-
low the direct rays of the light and
even into entire darkness, and released
them, when they would invariably re-
turn to the light, some direct, others
flying around in the rays of light grad-
ually drawing nearer, until they would
strike the glass and com.mence their
struggles as before. I have repeated
this experiment many times with the
Hermit Thrush, Maryland Yellow-
throat, Northern Parula Warbler and
American Red-start, and of the Spar-
rows, White-throated, Song, Savan-
nah and Bay-winged, but always with
the same results. Not only have I
noticed this persistency to return to
the light, but also to the out buildings
which are painted white. Where the
light shone directly on them there
would be a number of the same spec-
ies struggling with the same persisten-
cy against the shingles, and on remov-
ing them I would have the same re-
sults as before mentioned. I have
tried this experiment with the Red-
eyed Vireo, Pine Warbler, Myrtle
Warbler, Black-throated Green Warb-
ler, and Leach's Petrel, and although
some would return they would be the
exception.

Of species which are attracted by
the light, but seldom if ever strike it,
may be mentioned the Black-breasted
Plover, Ring-necked Plover, Sander-
ling Plover, Semipalmated Sandpiper,
Least Sandpiper and Spotted Sand-
piper. I have vs'atched all of these
species many nights, an hour or more
at a time, circling around in the rays
of the light each uttering the note pe-
culiar to its species and apparantly
much alarmed. Although they would
linger around for so long a time, they
only came within a certain distance of
the light when they would recede near-
ly out of sight, only to return to the
same distance as before. Although,

THE MUSEUM

69

they do not get bewildered and lly
against the liglit, at Popham Beach
on the main land the surfmen at the
life-saving station often kill them with
a walking stick or catch them with
their hands while walking the beach
with a lantern. As you approach
them with the lantern they will run
sideways with their eyes fiixed on the
light until you are quite on them, when
they will lie over on their sides in a
helpless condition, completely at your
mercy. My uncle, who belongs on
that station, informed me recently of
approaching within a few feet of a
Snowy Owl which was resting on the
beach near high tide mark. All he
could seem to see at first was two
large eyes. While moving away a
short distance for something to kill it
with it flew away. Many other inci-
dents I might relate but think these
quite enough at present in regard to
these peculiarities.

That all birds do not migrate by the
same route in spring as fall, or vice
versa, is shown by the fact that dur-
ing the nearly five years I have lived
on the island, the Fox-colored Spar-
row has not been seen during the fall
— excepting this of '97, when on Nov-
ember 16 there was a large flight of
Robins and Fox-colored Sparrows —
but have invariably passed here in
spring excepting this of '97. Of the
Shore Lark it has been the reverse,
and also the Snow Flake, only a scat-
tering individual being seen in spring
if any, but passing over in large flocks
in fall. This fall of '97 they com-
menced to make their appearance the
1 8th of October, and from that date
until Nov. I2th there was not a day
favorable for flight that they did not
pass over the island by hundreds, in
flocks of from six to fifty individuals.
I have also noticed this with the
Snowy Owl. This bird seems to mi-
grate in numbers every five years.
The fall of '92 was noticeable as re-
gards this, a large number being taken
in this vicinity. Since that time I
have only learned of a few individuals

being seen. This fall ('97) they ap-
peared again in numbers, three basing
been taken on the island and a num-
ber on the main land. These Owls
have always made their appearance in
this vicinity the middle of November
and during the lirst of December, but
have never appeared when returning
north nor have T been able to learn of
their being seen at other stations at
that time of year.

A peculiarity I have noticed about
the Red-winged and Rusty Blackbird
is, where the Red-wiiiged nests within
four miles of the island I have seen it
but once on the island, while the Rus-
ty, which I think does not breed near-
er than one hundred miles if as near
as that, is a common spring and fall
migrant. That these lights cause im-
mense mortality to birds during mi-
gration can be shown by the fact that
on Seguin Station alone from fifty to
one hundred birds are killed many
nights during migration (which is a low
estimate) and then realize that the
United States alone controls some ten
or ele\en hundred light houses and
lighted beacons, and that many of
them are directly in line of migration,
then we must have some idea of what
it meaos to bird life. Frank M. Chap-
man in his Handbook of Birds of East-
ern North America states that after
one storm 1400 birds were picked up
at the base of the Batholdi Statue at
the mouth of the Hudson river. An-
other way by which I think many
birds must lose their lives is by being
blown from land by strong winds, be-
coming exhausted and dropping into
the sea. I have been out many morn-
ings in a boat some half a mile or
more from the island waiting for ducks
to come to my decoys, when the day
before and during the night the wind
had blown very strong from the north
or northwest, and about sunrise the
small birds would begin to fly in from
sea in numbers from one to three or
four in sight at one time. This they
would continue to do until noon.
Many of them would be seen to drop

70

THE MUSEUM.

in the water so exhausted that even
when within a few yards of the island
they would have to succumb, others
would just reach the shore at the edge
of the water. I have had them light
at my feet in this condition when gun-
ning from the shore, so exhausted that
their wings would rest on the rocks,
and they would make no effort to get
out of my way. Again I have seen
them struggle to reach the island when
with every few strokes of their wings
the ends of the quills would touch the
water, it not seeming possible for them
to reach the land although most of
them would. On a number of occas-
ions when they have dropped within
a short distance of the boat I have left
my decoys and picked them up and
after they had rested and got dried by
the sun they would take wing and fly
to the island. Although I have seen
many of them drop in the water I
have seen but one rise out of it. This
was a sparrow which, rising three
times in succession, finally reached the
island. Of the large birds, such as
Herons, Ducks, etc., I have only
known of one instance of their striking
this light. That was a Brant Goose
which struck some part of the tower
during the night and was picked up
next morning with a disabled wing but
still alive. I have heard of a number
of other incidents along the coast
where they have gone through the
plate glass of the lantern Such hap-
pened during this month at Half-way
Rock Light, a Dusky Duck going
through and striking the lens which
surrounds the lamp and was taken up
alive by the keeper.

Of the birds most abundant during
migration and to which happens the
greatest mortality are the White-
throated, Song, Savannah, Vesper,
Chipping and Swamp Sparrows, Mary-
land Yellow-throat, Myrtle, Pine, Par-
ula. Black-throated Green, Am-Red-
start. Water Thrush and Oven bird
Warblers and Hermit Thrush. Those
of less numbers: Red-eyed Vireo,
Least Flycatcher, Black and White,

Magnolia, Blackpoll, Yellow Palm,
Mourning, Wilson's and Canadian
Warblers. Of rare occurence: Black
throated Blue, Chestnut-sided, Bay-
breasted and Blackburnian Warblers,
tvuby and Golden-crowned Kinglets.

While I have noticed many Brown
Creepers and Red-breasted Nuthatches
on the lantern I have never found a
dead or injured one.

Birds rarely found dead or seen on
lantern: One Semipalinated Sand-
piper, two least Sandpipers, one Spot-
ted Sandpiper, one Yellow-leg, one
Virginia Rail, one Barn Swallow, one
Rose-breasted Grosbeak, one Black-
bill Cuckoo, two Robins, three Rusty
Blackbirds, one Golden-winged Wood-
pecker and three Yellow-bellied Sap-
suckers.

Of other birds, of rare occurence on
the island: Three Red-headed Wood-
peckers, two Scarlet Tanagers, two
Baltimore Orioles, three English Spar-
rows, one Ipswich Sparrow, one Mock-
ing Bird, (this I took the 17th of Sep-
tember, 1897). I will mention also
the unusual late occurrence of the
Sa\annah Sparrow, of which I took a
specimen Jan. 24, 1897. Of the year
of '97 I will say that it has been un-
usual at the station from the fact that,
excepting a few of the most common
species, there has been a very small
flight both spring and fall, with little
mortality, so my observations for that
date have been limited.

Bumble-bees and Fox-gloves.

BY ERNEST \V. VICKERS.

The ways of bees in their relations
with flowers, have long proved an in-
teresting study for naturalists, as well
as many beautiful figures and pretty
fancies for poets. And not only bees
but other insects which officiate as
high priests in the marriage of flowers.

While visiting with a friend early in
the past summer, I one day became
amused by the actions of the bumble-
bees as I stood admiring the great ele-
gant spikes of blossoms on the Digital-

THE MUSEUM.

TH

is which looked like beautiful wands
which had blossomed by enchantment.

The mouths of the llowers are lars;e
enoufjh to admit a bumble-bee readily,
but become narrowed quickly, with a
constriction at the base just outside
the nectaries where the sweet fluid lay
safely stored, just out of reach of the
black tongue of the bee, who scrab-
bled and pushed, in his vain endeavor
to get in just a little farther. Then
he would tumble out. to try the same
scramble up the throat of another
tlower with no better success.

And as I still stood watching, half
admiring the elegant beauty of the
flowers, half smiling at the awkward
efforts of the bees, I beheld a new
comer who was exercising new tactics.
He too was a bumble-bee. hut made
no attempt to enter the front-door
which stood so temptingly wide open.
He went- — flew I mean — round to the
back, and climbing up the flower till
he reached a point just above the con-
striction, he raised the green leaves of
the calyx which lay over the shoulders
of the corolla like a cape, and almost
before I knew what he was doing, had
made an incision and thrust his mouth
parts through the back wall of the
flower, and across to the spot where
the sweet fluid lay. — Then away he
went, and to perform the same neat
trick at another flower.

Was this not curious and interest-
ing.' Here was one bumble-bee who
never tried to go in at front door;
there was the other who never tried
anything else I

As cjuickly as humbler number two
came, the ear said, "Another species
from number one;" and the eye said,
"Number one is our Bombus — the
common bumble-bee of our clover-
fields in the Eastern United States.
Number two is the \'irginian Carpen-
ter-bee common over the same coun-
try."

By kneeling on the ground and peer-
ing up into the flower I could see the
mouth-parts of the latter bee, when
they came through the wall of the

corolla, and watch them fumbling and
feeling about till they touched the
right spot, which they did with con-
siderable precision as if by the result
of long experience.

In other days we boys distinguished
these two species of bees by calling
the Carpenter bumble-bee the "white-
head" buinble-bec from his white face,
as against the black head or face of
our commoner bumble-bee. This dis-
tinction w-as of value and interest since
white-head could not sting, having no
stinger; whereas black-head certainly
could as we sometimes learned to our
sorrow, through eyes which speedily
closed to the light of day for a season.

Now the (juestion comes to us —
Why does "white-head" know this
trick, and "black-head" not know it.-*
Is "white-head" more intelligent than
"black-head'" — or was this an instinct
implanted in one bee but not in the
other.' Or is it that "black-head" has
not strong enough or large enough
mouth-parts to perform the cute oper-
ation whereby to outwit Dame Na-
ture who evidently did not grow the
fox-glove with a view to feeding bum-
ble-bees.'

One thing is true whatever the so-
lution of the problem may be, — that
the wood-cutting Carpenter-bee, as his
habits of tunneling in timber require,
has stronger, more highly developed
mouth-parts than his relative who
founds his colony in some old field-
mouse nest or other prepared cavity in
the ground.

But as I had no time to spend in
spyingmore closely into this matter
of bees and fox-gloves, I can but hint
at its possible solution. This is a
small riddle which bids you do a little
observing for yourself. And glad I
am to leave it so, if even one reader
may be led to try and fathom the lit-
tle mystery for himself, gleaning at
the same time that peculinr pleasure
which comes through the use of our
powers in the work of original re-
search.

THE MUSEUM.

THE MUSEUM.

A Monthly Magazine davoted to Ornithology,

Oology, Mollusca, Echinodermata,

Mineralogy and Allied

Sciences.

Walter F. Webb, Editor and Manager
Albion, N. Y.

Correspondence and Items of Interest on above top-
ics, as well as notes on tlie various Museiiras of the
World— views from same, discoveries relative to the
handling and keeping of Natural History material,
descriptive habits of various species, are solicited
from all.

Make articles as brief as possible and as free from
technical terms as the subjects will allow. All letters
will be promptly answered.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Single Subscription Sl.OO per annum

Sample Copies _ 10c each

ADVERTISING RATES.

b cents per Nonpareil line each insertion. Twelve
lines to the inch.

Cash must accompany all orders.

Remittances should be made by Draft, Express or
Post Office Order or Registered Letter.

Unused U. S. Postage Stamps of any denomination
accepted for small amounts.

MUSEUM PUB. CO.,

ALBION. ORLEANS CO., N.Y.

Entered at Albion post-office as second-class mail matter

Notes.

We owe an explanation to our read-
ers. The February number was got-
ten out entirely during my absence in
Chicago and the present number is
fully a week behind owing to a trip
East mainly to Boston. During Feb-
ruary through the courtesy of the Gen-
eral Passenger Agent of the Grand
Trunk R. R., we received passes to
Chicago and return. Owing to our
having formerly been located in Chi-
cago in '93-4 we expected to feel quite
at home there, but the various elevat-
ed roads that have sprung up in that
city like mushrooms fairly confused
us. Still after some inquiry we suc-
ceeded in locating all that is now left
of the famous "White City" at Jack-
son Park, viz: The Art Building, now
called The Field Columbian Museum.
Six hours spent in this mammoth
building scarcely did justice to the
Mullusca alone The shell collection
is very incomplete, many common

things still lacking, and doubtless
through the oversight of clerks some
labe s misplaced and quite a number
wrongly named. Still as a whole it is
nicely arranged and a very interesting
lot throughout.

One pleasant evening was spent
with Dr. T. H. McCoy. He is a vet-
eran shell man whose enthusiasm nev-
er flags. His specialty is Conus and
Cyprasa and one can here see a very
fine selected lot of these families as
well as Conchology in general. A
couple of years ago the Doctor spent a
year abroad only, however, finding two
or three new Cypra;a to add to his col-
lection. His shells are mainly ar-
ranged in beautiful wall cases with
narrow shelves so that one can see the
entire collection without opening a
draw or handling a specimen. The
beautiful effects that can be made by
showy shells arranged in this way must
be seen to be appreciated.

Anotiier entire forenoon was pleas-
antly spent examining the large shell
collection of Mrs. Williams. While
her time is almost entirely taken up
with literary work she has still suc-
ceeded in building up since 1S93 a su-
perb collection of shells. They are
arranged by families in beautiful glass
cabinets in the library, parlor and even
several rooms of the second story. In
fact as Mrs. W. laughingly remarked,
she had got to quit before long or they
would force her out of her own home.
Her collection of Cypra;a is very large,
we believe some 210 species and va-
rieties, while the suites of Conus, Mu-
rex and other showy families we doubt
can be excelled in this country, if in
fact equalled. Our time was all too
short to do justice to the collection,
still we must mention the case of pol-
ished unios, which consists of some
1 30 species and probably 300 to 400
pairs. Every color of Pearl one can
imagine is here shown in great pro-
fusion. We were also particularly
struck with the beautiful coloring of
the many species of "Mussel" shells,
all finely polished and showing all

THE MUSEUM.

71

shades of purple, with occasional
crimson and blue.

We fully expected to see the mam-
moth collection of Mr. Pahiier but
something arose each time we made
an appointment so this enjoyable event
had to be postponed until some future
date.

Several hours were pleasantly spent
at the Academy of Science Building in
Lincoln Park where Prof. Baker and
assistant Woodruff have things pretty
much their own way. The collections
of the Academy are now very large
and well worth a visit. The Walton
collection of Cypraa is on e.xhibition
and the collections of fossils, birds,
etc., has been greatly enlarged by re-
cent acquisitions. Business engage-
ments prevented further visiting.

March loth we left for a brief trip
East to e.xamine some collections of
shells and other specimens for sale
there.

First stop was at Worcester where
we found the genial taxidermist, C. K.
Reed, hustling convex pieces together
in a hurry for the Sportsman's Expo-
sition. He reports heavy trade in
the taxidermic line all winter, but still
finds time to constantly get up new
things in the line of tools for taxiderm-
ists and oologists, all of which we con-
sider combine both fine quality and
cheapness.

March I2th we visited Messrs. East-
man & Browne at Framingham. Mr.
E's. fancy is almost entirely with the
birds and his collection shows rare
taste in selecting choice specimens.
They are beautifully arranged by fam-
ilies in draws of proper depth. Mr.
B. is a veteran collector in several
lines and we only had time to hastily
examine the Mollusca. The collection
is mostly arranged in draws easily ac-
cessable. In fact his various collec-
tions fill his library from top to bot-
tom and are branching out to all parts
of his residence. They show an end-
less amount of labor. He has them
so fully catalogued any specimen can
be instantly found and examined.

Our old friend Trowbridge we found
had gone out into the country after
the eggs of Bubo 'nrginianus. In
fact we were told that Brother T. has
a few pairs of Owls that lay regularly
for him each season and refuse to give
up their treasures to other "Egg
Fiends. " After a brief look at his
unique collection of all sizes and
shapes of "hen fruit" we zigzaged
across country a short distance to the
residence and museum of the veteran
Bahama collector and naturalist, C. J.
Maynard. Here we were royally en-
tertained and took no end of pleasure
in examining the new species of Ba-
hama birds Mr. M. is soon to describe
and some live Cootis new to science.
Mr. Maynard is located, to our mind,
in one of the most beautiful sections in
Eastern Massachusetts. He carries
on a large trade with schools but his
work is chietly known through "Con-
tributions to Science, " which appears
in numbers as fast as Mr. M. is able
to work up the vast quantity of new
material he gathers in the Bahamas.
\\'e secured some very interesting ma-
terial we have not heretofore handled
and which will be offered Museum
readers later on.

From here a thirty minutes' ride
through an endless chain of beautiful
suburban villages brought us to his-
toric old Cambridge, the seat of Har-
vard University. Several hours were
spent in the Agassiz Museum, examin-
ing the Invertebrates mainly. The ar-
rangement of the entire museum is
peculiar. In order, for instance, to
examine the Mollusca it is necessary
to tramp over the entire Museum out-
side of the Mineralogy and Botanical
floors. The invertebrate and verte-
brate departments are divided into
horizons as the South .\merican fauna,
Indian Ocean fauna, Australian fauna,
etc. The collections as a whole are
exceptionally fine.

P'rom here we went to Lynn and
Crescent Beaches on the ocean shore
and spent a whole day watching the
tide and collecting shrimps, shells.

74

THE MUSEUM

The above two cuts, mentioned
in Mr. Van Epps article entitled "Mit-
chell's Cave, in February number, were
by error omitted last month.

etc. At this season of the year not
much is to be found, still one can al-
ways find lots of interesting things
along the beach of old ocean.

A half day was spent at the Sports-
men's Exposition now being held in
Boston. Our space is too limited to
give even a brief write up of this affair.
There were many fine taxidermy ex-
hibits and a specially fine lot of live
birds, animals, fish, etc. Among the
animals were Bear, Moose, Elk, Deer,
Mt. Sheep, Mt. Goat, Lynx, Wild
Cat, Badger, Mt. Lion, Coon, Prairie
Dog, Flying Squirrel. In birds — Val-
ley, Scaled, Massena and Common
Oaail; Prairie Hen; Sharp-tail Grouse;
various Pheasants; large number spe-
cies of Ducks, Geese, etc., and many

other birds and animals we cannot re-
member.

A brief visit was made to the store
of N. L. Wilson. He carries a fine
stock of minerals and one can get al-
most anything called Tor; also a fine
general lot of curios and invertebrates
for schools.

A few hours were very pleasantly
spent in Whidden's Book Store. Our
main purpose in visiting same was to
examine Denton's new work on "But-
terfiies," and we must say it surpasses
all our expectations. It is the only
real thing in a Butterilj' work. Ar-
rangements were made to handle it
and we shall be pleased to send circu-
lars and descriptions. Price is $5.00
a part as issued. We secured some

THE MUSEUM.

75

other fine Natural History books which
will be mentioned later.

One of the most eiijoyiihle [larts of
our Eastern trip was with Dr. I luck-
ens at W'atertown. We recently se-
cured his fine shell collection and we
have now secured his other fine col-
lections of Marine Specimens, Nests
and Efjgs and a large and tine lot of
duplicate shells, which were not in the
main collection. The condition of the
specimens was something fine. One
has to look long for a single imperfec-
tion. Lists of some secured will be
seen on another page.

Many other collectors were seen for
brief visits and some we fully expected
to see, we were unable to make con-
nections. We hope to see them ne.xt
time. "Ye Editor."

Mr. .Mbert E. Colburn, lately of
Edward S. Schmidt' s Studio of Taxi-
dermy, sailed for Patagonia, S. .\..
Nov. 7th last. He goes as general
Zoologist for the expedition sent by
Princeton University under the leader-
ship of Prof. J. B. Hatcher. Zoology,
Ethnology and Geology will be mclud-
en in their collections. Prof. Hatcher
and Mr. Colburn will stay at least a
year and very probably two years in
this little known region. The party
will be landed in the Straits of Magel-
lan and then travel inland several hun-
dred miles by pack train. Mr. Col-
burn has had some previous experience
iu field work, having spent some lime
collecting in Florida and one summer
in Newfoundland. He is also an ex-
pert workman in the taxidermic labo-
ratory, heving mastered the art under
the eye of F. S. Webster, now Zoolog-
ical Curator for the Carnegie Museum
of Pittsburg.

Mr. Colburn is a Washingtonian
and his many friends hope to see him
return safely in due time from the land
of giants; as it was formerly regarded

P. S. — Mr. Colburn arrived in the
Straits of Magellan Dec. lo, all O. K.

Sea Pansies.

One of the most beautiful of the or-

ganisms on the Pacific Coast is the
Kenilla amethystina, or sea pansy, as
it i-; very appropriately called. It is
really a community of coral-like ani-
mals living in a structure somewhat of
the size and shape of a pansy flower,
with a short stem that further carries
out the resemblance.

The color of the main structure is of
a rich royal purple, whille the jelly-like
animals themselves are white, and
peeping out from their doorway ap-
pear like stars in the firmament of the
heavens.

These communities are not rare on
our sandy shores, but may only be
found by accident by those who have
not learned the secrets of marine life.
At low tide they may be found buried
in the sands, with nothing to indicate
their presence but an imperfect circular
line in the smooth-washed surface of
the beach that only a trained eye is
likely at first to detect.

If one of these sea pansies is re-
moved from the sand and placed in a
dish of sea water, the creatures that
form the community will soon mani-
fest life, and reveal a most beautiful
structure showing plainly their relation-
ship to the coral 'insect.'

Each individual polyp in the com-
munity will be found to possess eight;
long fringed tentacles around a nar-
row disk. The numerous individuals
of each community are arranged on
the upper surface of a flattened cor-
date fleshy structure, to the lower sur-
face of which is attached a stem like
organ, useful alike as a means of loco-
motion and for the anchorage of the
tenement house in the sand.

The sea pansy is a near ally of the
sea pens and the sea fans — which lat-
ter are branched and resemble beauti-
ful flowering shrubs or plants. The
organ-pipe coral belong to the same
group of polyps according to some sys-
tems of classification. A hundred
years ago the corals were all thought
to be plants, as they closely imitated
almost all kinds of vegetation, but
they are now regarded as true animals.

76

THE MUSEUM.

List of Fine Shells „„,a,ea,

Webb's Natural Scince Establishment, Albion, N. Y.

The followinff lot of line Shells are all uew stock and exceplion^illy line and perfect speci-
is. Any will be sent on approval. We solicit your orders aud (junrantee salisf action .

mens. Any

Oliva.

erythrostoma. Lam -* ^^

ep'lscopalis, Lam ]?

elegans. Lam ^^

Brasiliana, Lam -J*

ispidula, Linn 10

araneosa. Lam ,.■■ '^

reticularis, Lam 10

white var l?

tigrina, Lam j|^

inflata. Lam

cruenta, Sol

angulata. Lam

textiliua, Lam

Peruvianus. Lam

lilerrata. Lam

acuminata, Lam..

maura. Lam

Cumingii, Reeve. -

gibbosa. Born 15

lilatula, Grat'l l'

Duclosi, Reeve IS

fusiformi.s. Lam M

scripta. Lam 20

sub-angulata, Phil 2o

carnenla, (iniel 10

infrenata, Marr IS

Porplivria, Linn S.i

Olivella.

biplicata, Sby

volutella. Lam

verreauxi, D^id , 3 for
nivea, Gniel., 2 for

Aucillaria.
cinaamomea. Lam ..

Cyprcea.

albuginosa, Man 40

annulus, L t5

Sowerbyi, Kien 31

spadicea. Swam 60

spurca, L : ^l

stercoraria. L - 20

tabescens, Sol 20

talpa, L 20

testudinaria, L To

tigris, L 20

tardus. Lam - 10

undata, L 10

ursellus, Gmel 1;^

variolaria. L 20

Arabica. L .
arenosa, Gray..

asellus, L

atomaria, Gmel..

30
20
OS

. SO

caput serpeniis, L OS

carneola, L 10

caurica L 10

cervinetta, Klen 25

<Jervus, L SO

clnerea, Gmel 20

clandestina, L 05

cribraria, L 15

cruentata, Gmel - 20

cyllndrica, Born 30

eburnea, Born 40

errosa, L 10

errones, L 10

exanthema, L 20

felina, Gmel 15

fimljricata, Gmel 10

flaveola, L - 20

gangrenosa. Dill W

helvola, L JO

hirundo, L •"

histrio, Gmel 2o

icterina. Lam 05

Intermedia, L 20

Irrorota, Sol 10

Isabella, L 10

LamarcUii, Gray 20

lurida, L Jo

lynx, L 10

macula, A. Ad 2o

mappa, L t,t

Mauritiana, L *

moneta, L 05

mus, L JS

neglecta, Sowb 10

nigro-punctata.Gray (not AI) ... 23

obvelata, Lam 10

ocellata, L '0

onyx, L ^o

pantherina, Sol 2o

poraria, L 15

punctulata. Gray 20

reticulata. Mart .-. 30

scurra Chem 25

vitellus, L 10

ziczac, L 10

Trivia.
Australis, Lam..
Ghildreni, Gray
globosa. Gray...

nivea, Migh

oryza. Lam.

pediculus, L.

pulex. Sol

quadripunctata. Gray 10

tanguinea, Gray 10

suflusa. Gray 10

Californlca, Gray 2d

limacina. Lam 2U

Madagascarensis, Gmel 50

nucleus, L 10

pustulata, Lam - 2.)

Solaudri, Gray lo

staphylaiB. L 10

annulata, Gray JJ

cicercula, L

globula. L

Ovula.

ovum, L

verrucosus, L

gibbosa. L

emarginata, Sow

birostris, L. or volva
Cancellaria.

reticulata, L 10

Vermetus.

lumbricalis 25

Pterocera.

lambis L 30

elongata. Swan 1 00

aurantia, Lam 35

Scorpio, Lam "5

millepeda. L - 1 00

Fusus.

Colus, L 4D

Ranella. «

bufonia, Gmel 25

spinosa. Lam -lO

tuberculata, Brod - 20

afflnis, Brod 20

albivaricosa, Reeve

foliata, Brod

argus, Gmel

Triton.

femorale. L P^i

pilearis, L 2p

rubecula, L 1-^

olearium, L - 30

obscurus. Reeve 40

distortus, S and W 35

vespaceus. Lam 2.t

ianceolatus, Menke IS

tuberosus, L 2.o

Persona.

cancellinus, Roissy 30

Pleurotoma.

babylonia. Lam .35

graidis. Gray 40

_ australis, L 60

Latirus.

polygomus, Gmel 25

nodatus.Mart - 2o

varicosus. Reeve 20

Turbinella.
rustica, Lam

Leucozonia.

ciagulata. Lam

subrostrata. Gray

Peresternia.

pulchella. Reeve 20

gemmata. Reeve

Cymbium.
porciua. Lam

Neptunea.

decemcostata. Say

islaQdicus. Chem

Melongena.

pallida, Brod

putula. Brod

ct>cblidium, L 30

paradislaca. Reeve 50

corona, Gmel 25

Fasciolaria.

traptziniu, Linn

tiilipa, Linn

distans. Lam ...

Sycotypus.

pyrum. Dill

papjraceus. Say

Cassis.

vibex, L

cornuta 1 50

testiculus, L 25

flammea. L 30

abbreviata. Lam 30

glauca, L--- 30

rura, L .%

erinacea, L 25

tyirhena. Lam 40

pyrum. Lam 35

caualiculata, Brug... 15

2S

20

15

15

20
2)

20
20

31
20
10

20
CO

20

20
40

25

50

30

semigranosa, Lara ....

Dolium,
faeciatum, Brug ...

perdix. L

maculatum, Lam..

Malea.

Poraum, L

ringens, L

Ontscia.

cancellata, Sowb 40

Laniarckii, Desh _ 30

Harpa.

articularis. Lam .SO

ventricosus. Lam 35

minor, Ruraph 25

nobilis, Rumph 50

rosea. Lam 85

Conus,

Virgo. L 25

litteratus, L 35

betulinus, L 50

vexillum. Mart fiO

pulicarius, Hwass 20

panuiculus. Lam 75

eburneus, Hwass 15

geographus, L 1 00

slriatus, L 30

inarmoreus, L 25

tessellatus, Hwass 20

generalis, L - 3b

Gabrielli, Kien 20

tiaralus, Brod - 20

dux. Born 25

glans, Hwass..-- 15

flammeus, Lam 75

consor.s, Sowb 2.)

lividus, Hwass 10

puncticulatus, Hws 15

miles, L 20

quercinus, Hws 40

Floridanus, Cour 15

pyrum, L 40

daucus Hws..
sponsalis, Chemu .
flavidus. Lam..

30
15
20

Arenatus, Hws 25

aureus, Hws .- 25

Hebneus, L 15

miliaria, Hws 20

lithoglyptus, Meusch 25

THE MUSEUM.

77

ltvstTullu:nius, Mart

cui>itaiit»iis

ttuloaliitt, Hws

v;ir. Bockl. Soy

Illll|):l, ^

Strombus.

inirt-* Dlanio, L

lurrltus. Lam

tiusoliiius. Horn

luhiiauiis. L

ilemutu^f. L

inln'iiius. L

Kntniilniiis, Sby

vltiimis. L -

e!<'t,Mns, Shy

ornsinlmis. Duo

irlDiHTulus. Ij „

Icntlnluiisus. Linn . ..

biilMniUis. I^am

Inbaiiis. Swain

al»tiis, Lam

dIUit mis. Swain ...

I>iii,'llls. L

»' kuaiiui). L ^

maitrltuniis, LAm

tlorlilus. Lam

uroeus. Lam

Murex,

ailu-itus. Lam

fasi'latus. Sby

plonatus, Wojd

radix

brandarl8. L „

sioloiii.T. Lam

trtqiifter. Horn

poinuin. Gmel

palmaro.sa-. Lam

saileami.s. Adams

nublliH, Sby

biilbosa. SjI _

turblnatus. Lam

Martinlaniis. Keeve _

motU'llla. Chemn

teniiL-ptna. Lam

haii^tfllum. L

truDciilus. L

end I via. Lam...._

rainosus. L 30. fO,

Trophon.
clfvcrslanii'', Pallas

Sptrula.

PtTonll. Lam

lii'vU. (Jray

lanthina.
fratfUi."*. I^am „

Voluta.

pulrhra. 3bv

/.ebra. Leach

vexlUum. C'hem

vesperilllo, L

miislca. L

Tiimerl. Gray

Trochus.

Blbbenilus. Ad

tiammulatu.s. Lam

nllnilcii.s. timel

var maximns.Koch

Matirillanus, Gmcl

pica. I..lnn

Turbo.

lessciiaius, Klen

Norrlsll. Sby

chn-'-sosiomiL-^. I>

ar>;ysr<»t<»MniH. L

coronatu**. (Jniel

Inter' rwiall.s. Menke

pethoiatiis, Lum

iiiarmoratu.s

decorticated

sarmatlcus decorticated

Astralium.
brovl.'iploa. Lam .
lonKi.Mpma. Lam

Clanculux.

stlKmatarlu'). A. .\d

piiolre\i.s. Phil

Calliostoma.
anniilatum. Mart

Nassa.

papulosa. L

arcularla. L „.

obsoleta. L.. .Ifor

lateostoma. L., 2 for _

temila. Oould

crennlata. Reeve _

nlgella. Reeve ^

bicolor. Homb

4J
•a
\h

a)

lU

l!>
!.=>
2.1
l.'i
l.i
I OU
■&
|.>
.V)
l.i
\h
l.i

m

IS

85
20
7.1
30
2.5
1 2.1
Xt

1 2".
EO

1 fO
2j
30
50

20
25
50
51
:«
15

^0
.tO

suluralls. Lain

l."i

Kandlosa. Minds

1(1

raoDlle. KIcu

Ml

thersltes. llruK

urt

albescens. Ouiik

10

reticulata. L

0")

trlvlitaia. Say. 2 lor

11.1

glbbosnla. L

10

vlbex. Say.. 3 for

0.1

fossala. Uld

2.>

fasclata. Lam

Ill

panpera. (Jmel

Oi

foveolata. Dunbe

10

locrassai.i. Strom

Otl

cocdnella. L

0.1

veDlculala. A ad

10

SUiiiUi)riMials. A ad

Buccinum.

10

niidatiim, Lxmi

Eijisof above

10

Urosalpin.\.

cluerens. S:iy

0.-1

florldaoa. Conr

£.0

Jopas.

sertiini. Drug

30

Purpura.

arml^era

30

laplUus

10

florldana. L

1.',

li

Magellanl. Val

M)

clniiulata Linn

I.i

3axicola. Val

10

deltoldea. Lam

10

luteostoma. Chemn

10

Rudolphil

10

plea. Hlaln

1.1

hlppocastaneum, Lam ..

l.S

patula. L

10

nerltoldea. L

20

Concholepas.

Peruviana Lam

20

Rapana.

bezoar \t

15

Cuma.

lecluin. Wood

25

Cflronata. I^am

15

Klosqurormls, Due

20

Monoceras.

lucrubre. Sow

20

lapillordcs. Conr

10

Crassllabrum. Lara

15

Imbrlcatum. Lam

1.5

engonatuni.Cour

15

Kicinula.

10

morus. Lam

10

horrlda. Lam

15-25

tubeiculata. Hlaln

:. 10

anaxares. Due

10

undata. Chemn

15

elODgata Ulaln

10

concatenaia. I..am

15

dlRltata. Lam

15

hystrlx, L

15

Terebra.

mac-ulata. L.

li

lanceata. L

15

dlslorata. Say

0.1

consors Hlnd.s

10

anomata. Cray

10

dlmldlata. L

25

Ruma.

maura. Lam

20

blfasciata. Cray

20

melanostoma. Gra

10

Natica.

aiapaplllonls. Chemn....

1"

Marochlensls. Gm

10

vlt^llus. L

15

Ncverita.

dnplliata. Say

unlfaj-claUi. Lam

2")

10

conlca. Lam

10

Klauca. Humb

85

Ccrilhium.

obellscus, Hrug

10

Ilneatum. Lam

15

Utteratuni. Hiug

10

muscarlnm. Say

...» for 05

artli>ilat\iiii. Reeve

15

15

fasrlalmn, Hrug

15

vertagus. L

15

pharos. Hlnd.s

15

echlnatum. fjam

1.5

aluco, L

111

aspiT. L 10

Tralllll. Sowb 10

nilnliniis. Omel (^.....S for 05

inroliisiim. L s?rr... 10

coralllnuni, »uf .'.; 10

oci'llat\Mn. Urug ..'. 10

Centhidea.

Miinlagncl. D Orb _ 15

deciillata. F, 10

sairata. cid 05

scalarlformls. Say 05

Dclphinula.
atrata. Reeve 2C-10

Cantharus.

undosus, I, 10

coroniandellanaus. L 10

Calliostoma.

costatiini. Mart 10

inlliaris. Hroc 10

exitnlnni. Keeve 10

lanallculatum, Marc 10

Monodonta.

Aiistralls. Lam 25

mutahlUs. Phil 15

Cantharides.

rutllus, Aad • 05

Knchelus.

puUatus. Anton 10

Umbonium.

vestiarlum. Llun 05

conicmn, Ad -3 for 05

gigantea, Les 10

Mitra.

eplscopalis. L. 5 Incll - 50

scabriuscula, L 20

adusta. Lam 15

pont nil-alls. Lam....; 20

ambl^^ua. Swalu ago

.sphacruUua. Mart ^ 30

cardiualla. Grael 20

paupercula, L 10

Hlarls. L 10

lUterata, Lam 15

(20 species unnamed.)

Turricula.

vulpecula. Linn 25

muilculata. Lam 10

corrugata. Lam 15

costellarls. Lam... !»

Cylindra.

crenulata, Gmel 15

Imbricar a.

conlca. Schum 20

Cantharus.

dlstortus Gray 25

elegans. Gray 20

cecUUi, Phil 10

Traniiuebarlcus, Gmel -20

undosus. L 15

fumc>su.s. Dill Ill

genimalus. Reeve 15

Chlorostoma. ,

brenneuTii, Phil 10

funebrale. Aad 1 )

Fissurella.

nodosa. Born 10

lata. Suy 2>

funkulata, Kurr 10

Jukesl, Rve 10

crossa. Lam 15

hianiula. Lam 15

coarctata, King 15

Patella.

granatlna. L 15-50

vulgata. L 10

pllcata, Horn IS

argentata Sowb 75

atra. Gmel 80

plumbea. Lam 15

coerulea, Lam On

cochlear. Horn 10

Acmeca.

testudlnalls. Mull OS

scabra. Nutt 05

patina. KscU 10

mllra, Ksch 10

persona. Ksch 10

spectrum. Nutt 05

pelta. Esih 10

Potamidcs.

.semltrl.sulcatum, Mareb 15

pacllkus.Sby 20

fuscata, Linn 20

Iliimboldtl. Val 15

Chiton.

splnosa. Hrug . .-. 40

plcens, Gm 3J

THE MUSEUM.

squamosus L lU

Trochydermon.

ruber. Carp -.. ]'»

Acanthopleura.

scabra. Rve -0

Bulla.

Ampulhi. L lC-25

aspersa. Ad _. 10

striata. Lam 10

Atys.

uaiicum. L l.'i

oyliudrica. Hab . 1'

Aplustrum.

Thalassiarchi, Mart '20

aplustre, L '..O

riydatina.

physis, L _ U.'i

h-ythea.

scarobeus, L • l'»

Littortna.

varia, Sbv r>

lutea, Phil l.i

palieata. Say ir>

imdulata. Gray d

tilosa. Sliy ^ _ u:>

zigzac, Caemn cri

zebra. Wood 0.>

fasciata. Gray li)

litorea. Linn . 1 t

obtu&a. L II.T

irrora'a. Say JO

angullftra. Lam _. lU

rudis. Don li*

Mauritiana, Lam 10

planixis. Nutt On

piilclira, Phil _. 7n

Nerita.

tessellata. Gniel _ 05

plexii. Ctiemn. -J t

hislr.o. L .... , lU

Kpengleriana. Reel 1 J

Rumphil, Keel .._ lu

bifasci.ita.. L 'J.}

quadricolor, Gmel 10

grossa, L 10

versicolor. Lam (i.>

albicella. L . 08

cbamaeleou. L ... lO

scabricasti. L lo

patula. Heel 10

.subyulcata Sby... uS

ornala. Sby n)

Deshaysii,"Recl i'o

poliia, L I s

peleronta, L {):■>

Neritjr.a.

Tahitensis, Less _ in

rioridatia. Shutl i.s

Cummingiaua. Reel On

''•oramuuis, Q&G _. 10

Oweaii. i. 1^

dubla.'C'heTn lu

ziezHc, Sby o:^

puUigera, L lo

mono, L On

granosa, Sby 15

Virginia, ij ii5

rei?livata. Say _ 05

Navicella.

Borbonica, Boru 15

Neritula.

neritina. L 05

IViarginella.

Adausonii, Kien ;i)

(luinqueplicata. Lam ^0

prunum. Gmel :0

ornala, Reel _ 15

cornea. Lam lO

cingulata, Dill I5

earnet, Stor 10

conoidalis. Kieu 0"i

guttata, Due 05

apicana, Mke 3 for 05

dactylus, Lam 3')

persicula, L 15

ro.5Cida. Redf 05

ovulmu. Sby l'O

angustata. Sow 15

Columbella.

laevigata. L 3 for 05

luscaia. Sby 0)

rustica, L 0'>

nitida Lam li f or U5

discors, Gmel 15

pardalina, Lam 00

strombifurmis, Lam f 6

fulgurans. Lam 3 for 05

mc'catoria, L 2 for l '

Scaiaria.

comiuuui.s. L _ 1

pret osa. L 31.75 3 H'

Groulaudiea, (?lierau I -

Solarium,
perspectivuui. L 25-*; >

Sigaretus.

perspoctivu-^, Say I ■

Tectarius.

bullatus. Mart.-- l

miiricatus. Lam 3 for i ;■

noduh'su-', Gmel (

pngodus. L 1.. [i

Pianaxis.

sulcatus. liorn 0 -

Crucibulum.

umbrella. De.sh 2it

spinusum. Rve

trJgwnale. Rve -

concanieratum. Rve

Calyptraea.
Mailiriiana. Rve

Crcpidula.

phiiii. Say -

furuicata. Lam -

Neritopsis.

radula. L .- tj )

Achatine.la.

bella. Rve i ■

m rmorata, Old -. -, i i

rose-i l-i

i>vata. Newc ]J

venusta, Migh 15

lorata, b'er 10

rudis. Pfr , 15

Mighelsiana. Pfr 10

taenioiata. Pfr lo

textilis. Per 10

variabilis. Newc lo

vividans. Migb 10

rugo^a, Newc 10

phcatj. Newc - lO

abbreviata, Rve 10

perversus. Swaia 10

uubilosa. Migh 10

v,rgulata. Migh 15

teg.sellata, Newc 15

elegaEs. Newc 1 )

rxifa. Newc 15

swiltii. Newc 15

liirriteUa, Swain lO

producta. Reeve 10

vulpiua. Newc 10

trisiis. Fer ..-.. 10

deeipieus, Newe 10

violacea, Newu 15

biplicata. Newc ^0

citrina, Pfr 10

olivacea. Rve 10

affluis. Newc - 10

mucrouata Newc 55

crasj^a. Newc 10

diverr-a. Gnt 10

alboiabris, Newc lO

Strophia.

muniia, Pir .. 15

io.-^Kuna. Pfr ::o

ohryfrolis. Pfr 15

uitela, Mayn . 13

glaiis. Kust - - 05

incana. Born 05

nana. Mayn 10

intermedia, Mayn 10

panuosa, Mayn 10

mari liana. Pfr _ 10

Martensi. Werue 10

acuta, Mayn 10

alba, Mayn 10

Coryi. Mayn 10

b.niarginata, Mayn lO

crassicostata. Mayn lO

perplexa. Ma.\n 10

pilsoryi, Mayn 10

neglecta agava, Mayn 10

carlotta, Mayn lu

eint'rea Mayn 10

eurtist^ii, Mayn lO

glan.s grisea, Mayn 10

parva. Mayn ! lO

iborndikei, Mayn _ lo

piisbryi evolva, Mayn 10

eximea, Mayn lu

cinerea tracta, Mayn lO

lineota, Mayn IQ

rltchiei. Mayn 15

cinerea mutata. Mayn lO

nitela, Mayn _

Haliotis.

tuberculata, L

I ovina, Ch

I crocherodi. Leaeh ,

I " polished .'....

I eorrugata, gray ,

j rugosa plicata, Ch

' striata, L

Haliotis gigantea polished

rufescens, " 1

iris, " 1

Lignus.
fa.seiata. Mull 10 to

Orthalicus.

undatus, Brug

fasciaium

var. solida

zouiferus. Streb

Achatina.

zebra, Lam

fulica. Fer

numidlea. Rve _

suffusa

variegata. Fer 1

Bulimus.

perversu-i. Mull

HargraveMi. Cox - -

Algaensis. Kve

interruptus, Mull

detritus

auris-leporis. Brug

Dormani. W.G B

erassilabri?!. Garr

malleatus. Jay

dealbatus, Say

Bahamensis, Pfr

elougatus. Bolt

cltrina. Mull

iostoma, Sby

Spondylus.
pictoriim. Ch i

Dactyhna.
dactylus, L

Pnolas.

truEcata, Say 10'

cost at a, L

Petricola.
phaladiformis. Lam

Solen.

ensis

americanus. Bech

Michaera.
cosiata. Say

Mactra.

sunilis. Say

braslliana, Say

veneritormis, Otsh

Mya.
arcLaria, L

Tellina.

virgata, L

radlata. L

diaphana, Desh ,.

magna

alteinata, Say

hievjgatum

(ilivacea. Jay

Gouldii

Asaphis.

cociaea, Mart

rugosa. Lam

Macoma.

inquinata, Desh

fu^ca, Say

constricta, Brug

Donax.

variabilis. Say ~

roemeri, Phil

bimaculatum, Dill

californicus.com

denticulatus, L

punctatastristus. Han

rugosus, L

Callista.

gigantea, Gmel

dione, L

i. ryptogramma,

i;exu )S.L L

siabra. Han

squamosa. Jj

subrugosa, Ant

Tapes.

litterata, L

decusoata. L

virginea, L

gratTa

10
10
10

10
10
10
50
10
10
10
10

15
15

10
10
10

05
05
10
10
15

15
15
15
15

20
15
10

THE MUSEUM.

79

Chionc.

Sln\iUliiia 1^

<^iiiUUii. Sowli ;iO

Circc.

scriplu. I IS

Dosinia.

ooncentrli-ii. Iljrii is

discus, Keovt- li>

Cyprina.

Ishimlli'ii. I.iiin 10

Corbus.

(Imbrlrata. Cur £<

Lucina.

strlKllla. Stlnip 10

iU>Ht;it;i, WixhI 10

rliililrt'ui. Gray '-'i

tlRerlna, I, It

Heiiiisylvanlca. L HI

Janialceusls. Lam 10

C.iama.

areiiiella 10

Solemya.

borealls. Toll (B

Mytilis.

hamatus. Sav 10

UunkiTl. Hve A

Modiola.

plliatula. Lam 10

lulipa. Lam la

Cardita.

bicolor. Lara 10

Avicula.

ala-perdicus. Kve 15

Area.

tniusversa. Sav 10

Noil'. L. 10

pexata, Say 10

liiconurua. Sav \h

tliirlilana, Try 10

Trigonia.

pectlnata. L 2.=i

Pecten.

aeiiulsulcatus. Carp 20

noilosus, L U

teDUlsooslatuin, Migh 'h

caurlna, Gould 100

zlKzau'. L 40

dislmatus. Try 15

plica. L ih

varliis. L 20

irr.idian3. Lam \:^

Perna.

ephlpplum. L !.'>

Anomia.

ephlpplum. L 15

Terebratula.

vltrea. Gen , 40

septenlrlonalls 15

Cardium.

maculatum, Gmel £0

<iro«nlandlcnm. Ch .'ill

uneilo. L 20

murUatum, L 15

Islamllcum. L 10

t-ostatum. L _ 1 00

Laevicardium.

oMoDKinn. Ch . 25

st-rraium. L 15

Lunuhcardta.

auricula. Kars 20

Planorbis.

ammou. GUI . On

cornea, L - ID

blcarlnalus. Say 03

oompanulatus. Say 05

lentus. Say 10

Cyclcstoma.

sulcatum 10

plctuin. Pfr 15

ele^ans. 3 for .. 05

Trochatella.

pulchella. Gray 05

Phasianclla.

Australls. i.Jniel -')

varleitata. Lam 10

Gibbulina.

palan^a. Fer 10

Clausilia.

grls«'a. I)e»h _ _ 03

bideua. L „ _... 02

Limncca.

oata.scopium. Say _ 05

palustrfs. Mull 10

exIllH, Lea ft5

elodes. Siy.. 4 tor _. 05

mettaswma. Say , 10

stagnalls. I. u.i

Trypanostoma.

suluiUire. Loi 05

t'lon^ata. Lea 05

Thornlonl. Lea Ii5

Atopoma.

liii>ma.'>l<ima. Ant 10

Pirene.

Alra. L 20

Mclantho.

iniei^er. Dctvay 0.'>

reversed .W

Unio.

A.sperrimus, Lea 15

ahisuiodontlDus, Raf. 15

aler. Lea 15

asperalus. Lea 15

Hiatus. Say 20

.■iHMlMs. Le* 15

Uuckleyl, Lea li

complanatMs. Sol 05

cuneatu.s. Kaf 10

cjllndricus. Say U)

C.mradlcus. Lea 15

cumberlandlanus. Lea 10

coel:itus. Cour 10

carlo-US, Say 20

Ch utaucosaensls, I<ea 20

costatus. Kaf 15

cyphlus. Kaf 5

Cooperiauus, Lea 10

capax. Green 20

eascanens. Lea 20

concestator. Lea 10

Downleamis. Lea 15

dilatatus, Uaf 10

dromas. Lea 10

e.xiguu.s. Lea 15

tt:\.vuf. Raf 15

llagiisus. Can I.t

Hexuosus, Kaf 10

fallax. Lea 1"

tasclolus. Raf 15

Korsheyi, Lea 15

flavidens, Beu 20

fa.'ciolarls. Kaf 15

Koremanianus, Lea 15

Fisherlanus. Lea ; li

GUbertl 15

glaLs, Lea 10

gibber. Lea 15

Intercedens, Lea 1 10

iris. Lea 10

intermedlus. Cour 15

Kleinianus. Lea , 15

ligamentinus. Lam !i5

lugubrls. Lea _ 10

lapillus. Say 10

lauceolatus. Lea 10

lineolatus. Raf 20

lineauis, Le' 10

MenUeanus. Lea 10

Mlsslsslpplcnsls. Con - 10

metastrlatus. Con 10

melauever. Kaf 10

nodulalus. Lea 10

nasutus. Say 10

novi-eborac). Lea . 10

nervosus. liaf 10

niger, Kaf .. '.0

obovalls. Raf 10

opallnus Autb 10

ochraceus. Say 10

obscurus. Lea 10

Pybasi, Lea 15

parvus. Uarnes 10

perpllcatus. Con - 15

pyramidatus. Lea 10

praslnus, Cour 10

pu.siulosus. Lea 10

I)earlensl3, Lea VO

>iua(lrulus, Raf 15

riuihundns. Say 10

radlatus, Gmel 10

reliexus. Kaf 10

ruber, Raf 15

rublglnosus. Lam 10

RaogianuH, Lea - 15

retusus. Lam 10

rectus. Lam SO

siibrotundus, Raf 10

Shepardianus. Lea 20

slllquoides. names l'^

splnosus. Lea I 00

Sowerbyl, Lea 10

subtontus. Say 10

spatulatus. Lea 10

stegarlus. Raf 15

scamnatus. Mar la

sccurlforrals 10

trunratus. Raf 15

tores, Raf IB

triiiueter, Raf 15

traballs, Conr IB

tiilierculatus, Raf 10

verrucosus. Raf 10

/.lei;lerlauus. Lea - 15

Anadonta.

complanata. Dames 25

decora. Lea 15

edcntula. Lea 15

lluvlatllls. Ulll 25

lata. Kaf 10

Nuttalllana, Lea 15

Mar^aritana.

confragosa. Say - 10

(ieU()Ulea. Lea 15

nol!.t(uila. Lea 10

murgluata. Say _. IB

rugosa. Barnes ....! 10

undulata. Say - 10

This lot of Unlos are all except-
ionally Une specimens being perfect
and linely cleaned. They make a

very handsome showing In the
draws.

Heli.x, American

arrosa. Gld 10

Arnhelml, Doll 20

auriculata. Say 05

albolahria, Say 03

Ayre^iana. Newc 15

allernata. Say CS

appressa. Say ... t3

avara, Say 05

Andrews!. W. G. B 10

aUispira. PIls 05

arborea, .Say 01

Berlandierana, Mar 05

bucculenta. Top 05

concavus, Say 04

Cantiaiia, Mart 05

Colimiblanus, Lea 04

Californensis, Lea 05

capnodes, W, G. B 06

cellarus. Mull 03

clausa. Say fS

carpenteriana. Bid -- 05

carolinensis. Lea 05

Colisella. Pils C.5

cereolus. Miihl 0.^

cumberlautliana. Lea 05

Dupetithmiarsi, Desh 10

dentifera. Blnn 05

divestus.GId 10

dorteuilUana, Lea 05

elevaia. Say 01

exoleta, Binn 05

Hdelis, Gray 05

albino 25

fuliginosus.Gray 05

fraterna. Say 05

fallax.Say... 03

gularis. Say O-i

hirsuta. Say 05

Hopetonensis, Sb » 10

Ilazardl. Bid 15

iuHecta, Say 03

interna, Say 03

Intertextus, Say 05

inornatus, Say 05

iafuinata. Gr 35

Kellettli. Fbs -. 20

Leal. Pfr 06

laprosa. Bid 05

llgerus. Say 04

laevlgatus, Pfr 10

Major, Bid 10

multllineala. Say 05

mltchelllana. Lea 05

monodiin. Rack Oa

nickllnlana. Lea 10

Newberryanum, W. G. B 25

orbtculata. Say 02

oinevi. Plls 10

palliata. Say 05

plvchophora. A. D. B 10

perspectiva, .Say 0?

perlgrapta. Plls 10

ivnusylvaulca, Green 05

l)rofuiula. Say Oft

Koenierl. Pir 15

rainintosa. Gld 10

nigeli, Shutl 05

strigosa. Gld 15

8o

THE MUSEUM.

stearnsiana, Gabb 15

etriatella, Anth 02

Sargentiana, J. and P 10

solitaria. Say 05

sayi, Binn 05

subplanus, Blnn 05

septem vol va. Say 05

stenotrema, Fer.
spinosa, Lea —
tridentata. Say.
Townseudiana, Lea.

10
10
02
05

throides, Say 05

vaucouveren.sls. Lea 05

virdufus. Menke 05

Helix, Foreign.

araiuonis, Schm 05

aphrodyte, Pfr

algirus, L

ai'bustorum, L .. .

auricoma, Fer

Austriaea. Cbit

aperta, Born

alauda, Fer

alfredi, Cox

BermudensLS. Pfr.

Balaerica, Zieg 15

carthuslana, Mull

cantiana. Mtg

carlnitera. Samp.

04

C8

20

cespitum. Drap 10

■ - 05

19
10

cretlca, Fer.

cinct.a. Mull

c'ingulata. Stud

counectens. Mlldf.

carniolicus. A. Sell

candicaus. Zieg

candidula. Stud

canaliculata. Pfr

eunningbarai, Gray

cicatricasa, Mull

citrlua. L

derbentina. Andr

ericetorum. Mull

fodiens, Pfr

Fraseri. Gray

frutleum. Mull

flgulina. Par

glasiana. Shutt

griseola, Mull

humphreysiana, Lea

horlensls, Mull

hispida. L

baemastomus, L

incei, Pfr

Intorta, Sby

incarnata. Mull

inequalis, Pfr

laplelda. L

lactea, Mull

latefaselata, v Moell

Uvesayi, Pfr

lens, Fev

lusorum. Mull

Macgregori. Cox

millerii, Pfr

marginata. Mull

marmorata, Fer

magniflca. Fer 1

muscarium. Lea 10

melanistoma, Drap 10

modesta, Pfr.
melanotraeu.s. Born.

neglecta. Pil3

nemoralis. Mull

obvoluta. Mull

obvia. mke .

30
15

10
05-
IO-
CS

pensonata. Lam 0.5

pisania. Mull 03

peliomphala, Pfr 2ii

puella. Brod 25

praetexta. Mart 2i>

proTlsoria, Pfr 15

proluga, Sebm 03

phoenix, Pfr 30

pomatia, L 05

rufezonata. Ad 10

raregutta, Mss 25

rubens. Mlldf.

10

speciosa. Jay 15

25

35
06
10
20
10
20
15
ft5
05
20

sarcostoma, Webb.

Studeriana, Fer

sicana, Zieg

salvatoria, Pfr

secernenda. Km

Troscbeli, Pfr

trochus. Mull .. .

videns. Mart

vermlculata. Mull,
varians, Menke . . .
zonulata, Fer

Address, WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr., ALAION, N. Y.

BIRDS

Choicest imported Canaries.

Parrots, etc. Also Gold Fish

and all kinds of Aquaria Supplies.

BOOK. Just published, on Birds and Fish, price 10 cents, will be sent to you free if yoii
enclose stamp for postage and mention this paper.

Our new list of shells will be ready for mailing in a few ^ I — ■ p\ ^ I — j | — • I I 07
days. Mailed free on request. Would like to ex- ^ j I ,/ \ ^ ) 1 IJ ,J ^J .,. j

change lists with dealers everywhere.

IOWA SEED CO., DES MOINES, IOWA.

51cxtblc Sanbstottc

and Arizona Agatized Wood are some of the new additions to our
stock of interesting material for sale. Our business of cutting and
polishing stones for cabinets and jewelr}' is growing. We don't
pretend to compete with the "Old Country" work in prices, but we
do claim to do better work.

We have a quantit}' of polished material to sell, and will be
pleased to send list, and make estimates on work, if you will enclose
a stamp.

John G. Buxton, Steam Lapidary Works, Milo Centre, N. Y.

THE MUSEUM.

C^j) J^ -«* -'«rv

I liHvp on hail 1 an

IMMENSE STOCK

of
KjTKS in singles or pels in lino
series, with nests of ruaoy.

Our prices are as low as any. an
on large orders we 'will give
wliolcsale rates Send 4 cts.
stamps for Piiee List.

ALL KINDS AND PRICE. BEST THAT CAN BE MADE.

;«io. 4. l.otiK Handle.

Fine Machine cut Burr Drills.
No. 0 I5e

.25
.35
.50
.60
.80
M

.ir,.

Blowpipes.

I.'i 3."). ."idc each.

Kngraved handle, fitted with machine cut

btirrs

fiOc

Hand-blower {work.s tine for eggs) $1.00 post-
paid

Embryo Hook, engraved handle, l.^c.

Engraved h-indle. tilted with three sizes books,
fiOc.

COMBINATION EGG SET. SPECIAL 1898 MODEL.

Fine niekel-plated engraved handle, fitted with three sizps machine cut drills and 3 sizes
Embryo Hooks with lilowpipe in pocket case, ftOc postpaid Embryo Scissors. 25, 150, '$1.00.
Calipers, 25, 3.1 Sliding caliper, graduate'. :. hundreths, %\ 00 Egg eases, (glass tops) $1.50
by express Climbing irons of best make. $1..")<) with straps $2. .50; by express Data blanks in
block form. 15. 20. 25o per 100; check bool style. 50r. I'lnk cotton per slii'et 10c, per package,
BOc. postpaid. Pencils — soft for marking eggs — red. blue or black, 10c postpaid. Send 4 cents
in stamps for complete catalogue.

CHAS. K. REED, 75 THOMAS ST.. WORCESTER. MASS.

THE MUSEUM.

Grand Premium Offer!

As an inducement to new subscribers and for old subscribers to renew prompt-
ly we make the following offer.

To everyone sending an order from enclosed list to value of $i.oo or over we
will send The Museum one year FREE. If order amounts to S2.00 or over we will
also include two exchange coupons.

HERE IS THE LIST:

Instruments and Supplies.

Fun-iei-'.s Comb * M

on Stones 12

Leg Drill 2S

Plyers 4 inch "0

Sewing Palm 2.5

Forceps, best 50

Common 15 to 30

Shears, heavy 1 00

Wire Cutters SO

Scalpels 50

Taxidermist outat, fine - 2 00

Ai'senical Soap, box 50

Arsenic, lb - 15

Alum, lb 10

Art leaves grass 40

Bird Lime 40

Potter's Clay, lb 03

Cop,s. 4 for 25

Flowers, bunch 10

Grasses, bunch SO

Icicles, doz 40

Moss, green 10

" brown 15

Mica Snow, pound 35

Tube Paint, 13 for 1 00

Deer Shields, large 100

Pins, large, hundred 25

Stands. 2'/2 inch top 10

3 to 6 inch top 15 to 25

Staples, pack 10

Smalts, per lb 25

Tannine, maks 4 gallons best

tanning liquor 1 00

Tow, best grade, per lb 05

Wire, assorted, lb 50

Egg Drills, cheap 6 to 10

best 20 to 1 00

Blowers, Brass 12

Nickel 35

Embyro Hooks 15

Climbing Irons, unstrapped 1 35

strapped 3 00

Datas, sample sheet, styles in

stock 02

Rubber tubing for water blower

per foot Ofi

Calipers, best 100th 1 00

Oologist outfit, good 25

best 60

Entomologist Forceps, curved 1 25

best 2 .50

cases, good . ... . 1 00

Cork, 4x8xi|', per sheet 15

Disinfecting Cones, doz 18

KillinK Cans 35 and .50

Bottles flne 1 00

Insect Pins, 20 styles, per hund.. 15

Samples OJ

Plant Press 50

■■ best 2 25

Some Fine Polished Shells.

Pink Murex S 25

Black •• 25

White " 25

Magpie Trochus , - 25

Pearl Trochus - .35

White Haliotis »

Black ■' .50

Tiger Cowry 10

Mole " 15

Turbo, pearly _. 15

Green Turbo 40

Pearl " .50

East Indies Clam .50

Mitre ,. 30

Angel Wings 25

Marlinspike 25

Harp Shell 25

Strombus pugllis 08

vittatus 10

granulatus 10

Marbled Cone 15

Lettered Cone 15

Lion Cone 10

Foxhead Volute 25

Cardium Censors 85

Spondylus 1 .50

Above are some of our most showy
kinds at nel prices.

Corals.

Pink Coral $ 15

Red •• 15

Yellow " 15

Rose ■■ 10

Plate " 15

Forking " 15

Musnroom" 35

Palm " 25

Stinging " 25

Rolling " 25

Organ pipe ■' 15

Precious " 15

Cracker " 10

Coralline " 10

All correctly named and localized.

Basket Starfish

Chinese "

Black ■'

California '■

Atlantic

Blue ■•

Red •■ ^ .

Flat "

Club-spined Urchin

Atlantic "

Mammoth California Urchin .

Sea Biscuit

Sea Beaver

Sea Gopher

Sand Dollar

Trinidad Dollar - . -

Keyhole Dollar

Fine list curios for stamp.

Nice Minerals.

Actiuolite

Agate - . -

Amazon stone

Biotite '.

Bronzite

Calcite Crystals

Carborundum -- •

Coquina

Cyaniie Cr.ystals

Dogtooth Spar

Fluor Spar

Flint ball

Garnet

Quartz crystal flne

Geode

Graphite

Magnesite ..

Onyx

Gypsum flne

Pyrites ,

I Drusy Quartz..,

I Glassy '■

Rose "

Milky ••

Hematite

Satin .Spar

Selenite

Silic. Wood

Pet Wood

Tourmaline

Tufa

Zircon

Silver Ore

Gold ■■ .■

Copper ■■

Aljove 35 luc. specimens for f2.

20
31)
25
15
.50
3.5
25

Fine list Fossils on hand and a very large stock fine shells. Write us.

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr., ALBION, N. Y.

3\^

I

f
If

If-

VOL. IV.

NO. 6.

APRIL, 1898.

\\mM

A Journal Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

RA TES: — j;o cts. per year to all countries, in advance. Single numbers, ~, cts.

Published on the i 5th of each month by Museum Publishing Co. .Albion, N. Y.

\

THE -lU

*='''--v4->'.

•-a^ifc,.

...?/J5.e..«.?;«nt;'. -•••.;.•■■• ■ •■.■:?■; —

I have on hand au

IMMENSE STOCK

of

Eggs in singles or sets in tine
series, with nests of many.

Uiir prices are as low as any, and
on large orders we will give
wholesale rates. Send 4 cts.
stamps for Price List.

Ch

1

sc

1

:co

1

|H

1

OU

n : Revi

sH

"^'i

8,

i

W . .

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-■i= _ to

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■• '

lo^

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p- — .

CO

ALL KINDS AND PRICE. BEST THAT CAN BE MADE.

No. 4. L,OMSjr Handle.

Fine Machine cut Burr Drills. Blowpipes.

No. 0 15c

.' 1 2.5 .15, .a.'i ..3.5, 50c each.

' ' '' 35

., o KQ Hand-blower (works tine for eggs) $1.(!0 post-

" 4 60 paid.

" 5 80 Embryo Hook, engraved handle, 15r.

\-. •• ■,■.•••■,■•:•, ,■■.■■' F^naraved handle, tilted with three sizes hooks,

Engraved handle, fitted with machine cut °

burrs 60c ''"".

COMBINATION EGG SET. SPECIAL 1898 MODEL.

Fine nickel-plated engraved handle, fitted with three sizes machine cut drills and 3 sizes
Embryo Hooks with blowpipe in pocket case, 90c postpaid. Embryo Scissors, 25,, 50, $100.
Calipers, 25, 35 Sliding caliper, graduated t.. hundreths, $1 00 Egg ca.ses. (glass tops) $1.50
by express Climbing irons of best make, $1..'50 with straps. $2.50; by express Data blanks in
block form. 15, 30, 25o per 100; check bool style, .50o. Pink cotton per sheet lOe, per package,
60e. postpaid. Pencils — soft for marking eggs— red, blue or black. 10c postpaid Send 4 cents
in stamps for complete catalogne.

CHAS. K. REED, 75 THOMAS ST., WORCESTER, MASS.

i

THE MUSEUM.

WANTS, EXCHANGES AND FOR SALES.

All notices that coiuo under above will be inserted in this department until further notice
at oni' (I) cent a word. No notice less than 3oc. Terms Cash with crder. No charge for
address. I shall at all limes endeavor to keep parties, whose reputation is of a doubtful char-
acter frimi using these columns.

GKODKS. Fossils, Sea Curios, Onyx, 400
varieties Minerals. Indinn Relics, ec Ar-
row Heads, $2 per 100. Axes, Spears, Spades,
33c, 50c, fete. COUA JliWELL, Shannon-
dale, Indiana,

FOR SAI,E OR EXCHANGE —Two Indian
Tomahawks, two Indian Pipes. "2000 Arrow
and Spear Heads, Indian Pottery (Fragment-
ary), 3 Cavalry Sabres. 1 Canteen, 'i pair Cav-
alry Saddle Rags, 2 Cavalry Bridle Bitts, ,500
Criniiid Stems, .lO Ceodes, Confederate Mon-
e.v. Worlds Fair Tickets Will exchange for
anything desirable. Write, enclose stamp.
C.'F. ALKIRE, Box 2J8. Mt. Sterling, Ohio.

TO EXCHANGE —Illustrated Natural His-
tory of Reptiles, Fishes. Mollusks, etc . 810
pages by Rev. J. G Wood, In good .shape,
for mammal skins or Indian Relics. U. H,
SMITH, Longmont, Colorado.

TO EXCHANGE —Indian Bones, Flint-
lock gu!i and bayonetts, 22 lb. bicycle, .500
shells, birds in meat and fresh skins, plating
outfit, climbing iions Want anylliiiig for
collectious. A E. BENNETT, Hubbardston,
Mass.

INDIAN REMCS WANTED —Old pipes,
arrows, spears, etc. 1 will exchangt? :W0
story papers, tine pair lield glasses and carry-
ing case (both new) pair of pearl opera glass-
es anti case, stamp collerlinus in album, war
sabre, etc. Send list. R. D. HAY. Winston,
N. C.

FOR SALE,— Mound and cliff pottery, other
desiratde specimens iu Mint, slate and stone.
Outlines upon rei|uest. Will purchase Large
anil small lots of Indian Relics 1)U. W O
EMERY, Crawfordsville, Ind.

WIU. sell cheap or exchange a Layman
^17 00 Pneumatic Boat in lirst class condition.
Also twenty five niouMted birds and liveskins.
FRANK .M' THOMAS. Catskill, N Y.

LARGE Moose Antler, 13 points, ButValo
Horns. Skins c-f .Snowj- Owls for sale cheap
or exchange Ladies' or gent's walch or
books on Natural History. CHBIS P. FORGE,
Carman, Manitoba.

SOLASTER ENUICA -We offer one of the
largest and most beautiful specimens of this
deep sea Atlantic Starli>h ever found for if3,
prepaid. You will find it illustrateil in Vid.
1 of The Mlseim WALTEIJ F. WEBB,
Mgr., Albion, N, Y.

FOR SALE. — A nice assortment of Nests
and Eggs in sets. Send for list of this lot be-
fore they are all goIl(^ if you wish sets with
the original uest. W, F, WEBB, Mgr., Albion,
N. Y.

SMALL ATLANTIC STARS, Fine lot at
2.ic. dozen net. Beautifully prepared. W.F.
WEBB, Mgr , Albion, N. Y.

CASTOR i)IL BEANS. A pretty addition
to your "Seed Collection " One dozen pre-
paid for 10c. W. F. WEBB, Mgr,, Albion,
N. Y.

SMALL SEA BEAVERS, 4 to 5 inch, Hncly
prepared. $1.50 a dozen. A bargain. W.F.
WEBB, Mgr, Albion, N. Y.

HERMIT CRABS IN SHELL, finely cleaned
and preserved. Each one wrapped in a tin
box. per d. zen, $1 tO. W. F. WEBB, Mgr ,
Albion. N. Y.

BIG FLORIDA STARS— A new lot of these
mammoth Stars a foot in diameter at $2 00 a
dozen. Single specimen prepaid lor 60c.
They are big and heavy. W. F. WEBB, Mgr,,
Albion, N. Y.

PURPLE SEA FERNS. Fine lot from
Florida from 2 to .5 feet. $1.50 dozen. They
are beauties, W. F, WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N.
Y.

WANTED — Warbler Skins in large quan-
tity. Send full list of what you have or what
you can get, I offer copies of my own Publi-
cations, including new edition of Birds of
Eastern North America Also want a few
collectors to shoot Warblers and preserve en-
tire information. Write me at once and men-
tion MusKiM, C. J. MAYNARD, 447 Crafts
St , West Newton, Mass,

THE NEW SHELL LIST is now oui. Its
a handy thing for all collectors and dealers in
shells Send 2c stamp if you want it. W.
F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion. N. Y.

WANTED to dispose of our stock of Fos-
sils. Will sell cheaj) for cash or exchange for
Hne Indian relics, W. F. WEBB, Mgr, Al-
bion, N. Y.

"^iTeLLS and curios from the Gulf
Coast. If you mean business and wish to
buy shells and curios cheap send for my illus-
trated price list and save your money. Ad-
dress all orders A, J BARNES, Duucdin,
Florida

82

THE MUSEUM.

TO EXCHANGE:-One pair snapped
Climbing Irons (Standard s-ize and shape) for
each $ J 50 worth of eggs. Send list tirst. F.
H. METCALF, Holjoke, Mass. 2tM

HEADQUARTERS for ancient warupnm of
Cayuga Co., N. Y. 2 dt^z., 4.5c; colored beads,
3 doz , 25c; Tenn. arrow points, 30c per doz ;
spears, average 3 in., 60c per doz ; 35c per (i;
knives, scrapers, drills, hammer stones, sink-
ers. Try one lot and vou will receive a pre.-:-
ent. J. MINCHIN, "Fleming. Cayuga Co.,
N. Y. 2tM

OCTAPUS in Alcohol. Fine specimen, for
$2.55, prepaid; Beautiful Sea Anenomes in j:ir
at 50c each. Other equally tine speci-
mens at low rates. W. F. sVEiJB, Mgr , Al-
bion, N. Y.

WANTED:— A tine lot of Ancient Indian
Relics. Anyone having a collection of extra
nice specimens for sale write us. Will buy
in large lots if cheap. AV. F. WEBB, Mgr.,
Albion, N. Y.

BENDIRES LIFE HISTORIES We have
a copy. Vol.1, will send prepaid for $9 Its
a bargain. Order at once. W. F. WEBB,
Mgr. Albion, N. Y.

WHALE'S TEE FH:— We have just secured
some of the largest whale teeth ever taken.
They are perfectly immense, trices $2 to $5.
Drawings on application— Some engraved.
W. F. WEBB, Mgr , Albion, N. Y.

COLLECrORS:— We will send you the
MusEU-ii and lieercnlioii both for 1 year for
$1.00 or the Museum and CosmopoUliiti one
vearfor$12J. W.F.WEBB, Mgr.. Albion,
N. Y.

FOR SALE: — Some mammoth Walrus
tusks — probably larger than you ever saw be-
fore. Send for drawings if interested. Prices
$3 to $5. W. F WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

FOR SALE: — A second hand Ridgeway's
Manual, $4.50; Dana's Manual Geology, $3.
A large lot of other valuable works at equally
low rates. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, NY.

FOR SALE:-A.O. U. No. 4 1-5, 35c; 30a
1-1, 19c; 27 1-2, 30c; 51a 1-3. 24e; 54 1-3, 3Gc;
59 1-2, 30c; 69 1-3, 20c; 70 1 3, 18c; 71 1-3, 20c;
74 1-2, 8c; 76 11, 50c; 77 1-3, 20c; 79 1-1, 2,5c;
92 1-1, 75c; 115 1-2. $1.50; 120 1-5. 50c; 128 M,
60c; 191 1-5. 25c; 197 1-4, 25c; 200 1-4, 25c; 201
1-5, 25c; 208 1-4, 40c; 212 1-7, 50c; 214 1-11, 50c;
364 1-3. 69c; 333 1-5, 70c; 335 1-3, 60c; 339a 1-3,
70c; 373 1-3. 40c; 390 1-7, 70c; 289 1-20, 80c; 300
1-19 $t 20; 420c 1-2, 39c; 420a 1-2, 39c; 430 n-2,
75c; 428 n-2, 70c; 429 n-2. 00c; 431 n-2, 65c; 433
■ n-2, 70c; 434 n 2, $1. All prepaid at price.
All the above sets are first class with data.
Write for full list. J. O. JOHNSON, Lock
Box 550, Southington, Conn.

I WILL send a well-labelled alcoholic spec-
men of our California scorpion for every tirst-
class set of eggs sent mc to value of 50c or
more. W. H. HILLER, 147 W. 23d St., Los
Angeles, Calif.

Medical Books.

Under the above head we offer some really good
things all m stock and will be sold to the Hrst that ap-
ply at the very low rates named. All prepaid.

Materia Medlca and Ther.apeauties. Bartholow,
fifth edition revised and enlarged, cloth, 1884,

flnecondltion, cost $7. Our price f3 00

Vol. 2 of above work, fine oondltion except a
slight nail rub on back made In shipping when
purchased 3 00

Diseases of the Skin, Hyle, 1883, cloth, fine, cost
$6.50 2 50

Frey's Compendium of Histology, Cutter, cloth,
very fine, cos-t $S. Our price 1 15

Treatise of the Disease of the Ear, St. John Roosa,

cost 14.50. very fine condition 2 75

Satan in Society, by a physician, 1S84. cloth, fine,
cost $2. Our price 1 10

Addresses and Essays by G. Prank Lydstou. 290
pages, cloth, fine, cost K. Our price 98

The Inhalation Treatment of the Diseases of the
Organs of Respiration, including consump-
tion, by Arthur H. Hassell. M. D. 2r)7 pages,
cost S3. 75. Our price 2 15

Principles and Practice of Operative Sutger.v,
Stephen Smith, eighth edition, fine, cost $3.
Our price 2 75

The Student's Manual of Histology, Stowell, co,^t
i'2. our price I 00

First Book in Qualatative Chemistry, Prescott,

third edition, revised, cost iBl. 25. Our price £5

The Pharmacopacia of the Hos'.ital for Diseases
of the Throjt and Chest, lourth edition, 1.10
pages, cost $1. Our price _ 55

Fairchild's Handbook of the Digestive Ferments,
new, 125 pages, cost $1. Our price 60

Medica' Ethics and Etiquette bv Austin Flint, M.

D., line, ccst $2. Our price 1 00

Epilome of Skin Disease, Fox, fine, cost S2. Our

price ; 1 00

Modern Treatment of Headaches, by A. M. Hamil-
ton, M. D., cloth. Une. value Jl. Our price .50

Eiirly Aid in Injuries and Accidents, cloth, 117

pages, value HI. Our price ... ... 65

Medical Directory and Laws of States, cost $3,

paper. Our price _ 95

The Physician's Wife, illustiated. cloth, Ellen M.

Firebaugh, cost $i. Our price 1 00

Chemistry. General Medical and Pharmacetical,

Atttieid, eighth edition, cost W. Our price 2 00

Harkness, Latin Grammar, new cost IM.2.5. Our

price C5

Ditto, Latin Reader, same ijrice.

The Analysis of Plants. University edition, by

Harrington, paper, little used, good _ 35

Diseases of Children. Smith, fifth edition, leather
bound, good as new, cost J7.!)0. Our price. 3 25

Diseases of the Eye by Soelberg Wells. Bull,

leather, fine cost $7..50. Our price 3 25

Medical Dictionary, by Dunglison, revised edition,

cost $8. Our price 3 25

International Clinics, Vol. 1. fourth series, 1894,
half leather, new never opened, four volumes,
cost 14 a vohime. Our price $3 a volume, or
the four volumes for _ 7 ED

Analysis of Milk, condensed milk and infants
iriilk food. Dr. N. Gerleer, cloth, fine. 101
pages, cost $2. Our price _ 98

Electricity, Diseases of Women and Obstetrics.

Martin, new, cost J2. 50. Our price 1 23

Common School Question Book, 336 pages 90

Neuralgia and the Diseases that Resemble it, 370
pages, paper :.... 50

We also have a large lot of Medical Journals that
will be sold at a great sacrific, also back ntimbers of
the American Horseman. Send for list if interested
with prices.

Address all orders to,

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

I

THE MUSEUM

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

Vol. W

ALBION, N. Y., APRIL 15, 1898.

No. 6

Notes from Florida.

Of all delightful experiences in the
way of winter pastimes the most pleas-
urable to me is that of cruising about
on the rivers of the South. It has been
my good "fortune to float down several
streams at the North, and it has ap-
peared that this method of collecting
is equal to any other, but a northern
trip among birds with which one is
familiar, fades into insignificance when
compared to a river trip in Florida.
Here one is continually meeting with
strange sights, while the special feat-
ure of intetest to a collector of birds
and eggs are constantly presenting
themselves.

The Indian river, on which I spent
several weeks at different times and
trips, is visited by the Ducks of the
North which winter here. At times
one might say that the so-called river is
covered b)- one mighty flock of Ducks,
for so closely together do these flocks
come, that at a little distance it appears
as if there was one continuous flock as
far as the eye can see. The principal
kind of Ducks in the flocks is the Lesser
Scaup, in fact there are hundreds of
this species to any other kind of Duck
in the state, or at least it is so on the
salt water lagoons. In these large
flocks of I .esser Scaup, or Little Black-
heads or Blue-bill as they are more
generally called, there are some Big
Blue-bills or American Scaups. These
flocks of Blue-bills are so dense and ex-
tensive that I have seen a steamer on
the river constantly scaring up detach-
ments of flocks for miles. For miles
and miles in January and February the
river is covered with them and many
may be seen within gun-range at once.
Of the other Ducks here are Mallards,
Teal, Pintail, Widgeon, Shoveler and

Black Ducks and the Buff-breasted
Goosander.

The common "Hell-driver" and fam-
iliar Loon of the North are also seen
both in fresh and salt water. King-
fishers and spotted Santlpipers dash
out from log shore or snag as at the
North. Kildeer Plover remind us of
home while Hermit and brown Thrush,
Catbirds and Robins, the last in thous-
ands, are all here.

Among the Herons are the Great
Blue, Little Blue, White, Snowy and
Louisiana. The change of color in the
plumage of some of these birds makes
it ditlicult to identify imniatures at
times. The Louisiana, Great and Little
Blue Herona breed abundantly, and
were nesting in vase heronies in isolat-
ed regions about the middle of March.

As an indication of the advancement
of the season I would record that sev-
eral young Bald Eagles, nearly full
grown were taken from the nests in
February, while I saw two nearly full
grown young Pelicans swimming about
on March first. On March third two
Sandhill Crane's eggs were taken which
were about to hatch. The nest was
placed on the ground and was com-
posed of coarse weeds and very loosely
put together.

There are great numbers of Gulls and
Terns here, but as I am from an inter-
ior section of the North these birds can-
not all be identified by me. The Amer-
ican Herring, King-billed and Bona-
partes' Gull and the Royal, Least, Black
and Common Terns were seen.

Cormorants and Pelicans are to be
seen everywhere in the neighborhood
of salt water, while the Darter or Water
Turkey 1 Anhinga) is found both in the
lagoons as well as on the fresh water.
One collector could take a thousand
Brown Pelican's eggs in a very short

84

THE MUSEUM.

time. The main trouble in collecting
them is in the blowing, which is not a
small undertaking, and the trouble of
transporting so bulky a load.

Plume birds are scarce and getting
scarcer. There are still plenty of
White and Snowy Herons but they are
very shy. I have seen flocks of these
persecuted birds rise when we came in
sight of them. In a three month' trip
I have failed to see a single Roseate
Spoonbill. They are becoming rare ex-
cepting in the wilder parts of the inter-
ior.

At Jupiter I met Billy Bowlings a di-
rect descendant, son or grandson of the
historically celebrated Seminole of the
same name. Billy was selling Heron's
plumes to the dear ladies, who are ever
ready buytrs. Around his head were
wrapped one or two small shawls, a lot
of ingrain carpet and a variety of other
material. The whole turban being
quite seven inches high and fully twelve
incfies in diameter, and was held to-
gether by a big shining band. The
headgear must have weighed fully six
or seven pounds, and it was surmount-
ed by a White Heron's plume. His
ears had large rings in them and for
neck-wear he had six differently color-
ed gaudy handkerchiefs surmounted by
a cheap four-in-hand tie. Three shirts,
the outer one being shortest, in order
to show the colers below, and none of
them too long, constituted his sole
body wear.

Billy was right in style with the lad-
ies, as he had the sleeves of the outer
gingham shirt puffed, puckered and
tucked up to beat all. But though so
elaborately dressed above, I must re-
cord that Billy Bowlings was clothed
with very scanty dressed leather leg-
gings which but partially concealed his
bow (J) legs.

Of the Rail family I have met with
the Sora and American Coot only. The
Purple Gallinule is not common that I
can learn, but I expect to meet with it
in the interior. The habits of the Turn-
stone interested me and the peculiar
ways of this pleasing bird were subject

for much observation. The Florida
Bob-white is slightly smaller and of a
darker color than its northern relative.
In fact this rule generally obtains, that
southern varieties of birds and mam-
mals are smaller than those of further
north. Do not understand nie as giv-
ing this as a fixed rule, for I am well
aware that a Fox Squirrel here is a
half larger than the northern represen-
tative. However the Gray Squirrel
and Deer are much less in size here
than at the north.

Wild Turkeys are brought into the
little settlements by the white and Sem-
inole hunters every day, as is also a
plenty of venison and many other kinds
of game and a large variety of fish.
At one place at which I stopped we
caught fourteen kinds of fishes and all
of them were good for food. The fish-
ing resources of Florida are unlimited,
and the pleasure which an angling
tourist may secure from a winter in the
state is great.

One of the most interesting birds in
the south, is that unassuming, unsuspic-
ious, lovable little creature, the Ground
Dove. The first time I ever saw it I
was pleased with its ways and after an
acquaintance of several years I am still
more favorably impressed by its de-
mure manners. It nests here abund-
antly laying two small white eggs of
the regulation Pigeon shape. The
Mourning Dove is also here but is rare
compared to the Ground Dove in quar-
ters that I have visited.

There are Turkey Buzzards every-
where, and it is rare to look about the
heavens without seeing from one to a
score of birds. Black Vultures are seen
only in certain quarters and are un-
known in some sections. When these
birds take possession of a locality, the
Turkey Buzzards are driven away and
kept away. If any of our subscribers
can furnish authentic notes on this sub-
ject I should be glad to hear.

The Marsh Harrier is here and is to
be seen sailing low over the Savannas.
The Red-tailed and Red-shouldered
Hawks are found, the latter, a Florida

THE MUSEUM.

85

variety, nesting plentiful!)'. One nest
was in a Palmetto and only twenty-two
feet from the ground. The Hawk is
as noisy here as at the north and its
nest can be easily found. I saw a pair
of Swallow-tailed Kites sweeping about
in the air. The evolutions are remark-
ably graceful and yet combining dash
and rapidity in their movements. There
are any quantity of Bald Eagles in this
state and they are pleasing and power-
ful flyers. It is difficult to realize how
swiftly an Eagle is flying unless one is
close by when a dash is made. Sparrow
Hawks are not rare and I met with one
Duck Hawk. Two Owls, the Florida
Barred and Barn Owl are the only ones
I have met with as yet. The latter is
called the "Monkey-faced" Owl here.

Of the Woodpeckers I have only met
with three on the trip, namely the Ked-
bellied, FlickerandPileated.all of which
inhabit the Palmetto shrub thickets,
however the latter is not as wild as it
generally is at the North and I have
repeatedly worked quite close without
alarming it.

The Chuck will's widow is common
here and tunes up generally on its arrival
from further South about the middle of
March. It is called the Whip-poor-will
by all settlers who have moved here
from the North. The notes certainly
do have the same kind of a piercing
chuckle to them, yet to an educated
ear the difference is marked.

Our common Pewee is here, also the
Grow aud Blue Jay, though the two
latter are now acknowledged to be va-
rieties. There is also the P'lorida Jay,
which is commonly known here as the
"Scrub Jay" from its preference for
thickets.

There are many Crackles here; and
reasoning that a bird should become a
variety when its notes are different
from another species or race, then the
Florida Crackle certainly is entitled to
distinction. I'or the queer notes
of this Blackbird are entirely different
from the Bronzed Crackle's efforts.

This letter is already too long and

with remarks on a few well-known spe-
cies I will close.

The Carolina Wren is a pleasing bird.
It sings plaintively and in a variety of
strains, and its notes can be compared
with those of the Kobin. The \'ellow-
rumped Warblers and Cardinals are
ubiquitious here in winter, and with
the Mockingbirds are the life of the
glades. There are White-bellied Swal-
lows in myraids. Among the Warblers
are the Chestnut-sided, Yellow-throat-
ed, Prairie and Oven-bird.

Perhaps this letter will fail to please
many of jour readers as it does not re-
cord the taking of many specimens but
it must be remembered that the sea-
son has really not opened fairly. Very
few species besides the Herons, Peli-
cans and other water birds, and Hawks
have begun to nest at the time this is
written.

There is a pleasure in sailing about,
even if one cannot take many rare eggs.
I shall always remember my trips on
the Indian, Sebastian and Loxaeatchie
ri\ers, and the connecting lagoons as
the most agreeable days spent iq Flor-
ida among the birds.

I would like to describe our boat and
how we sail, fish, eat and sleep, and a
hundred features of a cruise, but this
will be postponed.

A SUBSCIBEK.

Reminiscences.

The afternoon being a showery one,
precluding all possibility of my spend-
ing it pleasantly out-of-doors in quest
natural history specimens, I have shut
myself up in my den and for an hour
past have been engaged in the re- per-
usal of some back volumes of journals
of nature.

In \'ol. Ill, No. 5 of this magazine
I am confronted on pages 76-7 by an
article emanating from this pencil un-
der the caption, "Condition of Ar-
cheology in Mexico." I have re-read
this rather vituperative ebullition of
pent up wrath and I am convinced
that the consummine anger engender-

At

86

THE MUSEUM

ed by the vexations and innumerable
difficulties which opposed me on every
hand in my archaeological research in-
iluenced me to be too harsh and scath-
ing in my criticisms of the course pur-
sued by theMexican government relative
to Aztec antiquities. I very cheerfully
and gracefully concede that there ex-
ists a bare shadow of a possibility that
those edicts may have been prompted
by incentives other than purely selfish
motives though I am by no means sat-
isfied that that shadow is anything
more than a shadow.

As perhaps few of our readers have
enjoyed the privilege of collecting the
personal remains, household and agri-
cultural chattels and instruments of
war of whilom noble children of the
Montezumas, and endured the entailed
hardships of said privilege, I will this
watery afternoon, recount a few of my
personal experiences, in lieu of bask-
ing my devoted shines in 'laboriously
ascending a moss-festooned and rough-
sided live oak, seeking to disposses a
wild-eyed Bubo of her globular treas-
ures.

As the majority of the modern de-
cendants of the Aztecs speak the Span-
ish language, a speaking knowledge of
that tongue is one of the most valuable
and important ascessories to your suc-
cess. To be sure, in conversing
among themselves, the Indians drop
La Costillana employing only their
own dialect but I could never bring
myself to the point of attempting to
gain an extensive vocobulary in their
queer jargon. Two additional requis-
ites are a big six-shooter and barrels
of nerve, that is, if you intend pene-
trating far into the interior and ex-
hume personally or superintend the
excavations and be positive that you
are really procuring relics of a van-
quished people

In Mexico City and environments
are relic factories by scores and a
tyro's eye can scarce distinguish the
bona fide article from the spurious
counterfieit. In fact, I have placed
them side by side — relics that I knew

to be genuine and clever imitations
that I knew to be imitations and their
appearances were dangerously similar.
They have attained a perfection in the
art of imitation that is truly marvelous,
producing articles which in form, con-
tour, feature and material are almost
exact fac similes of the much-sought
Aztec relic. They even bury their
imitations for a short period that the
earth may fill the purposely left chinks
and cracks, and cling to the object
and impart to it an ancient appear-
ance. I svould advise no novice to
purchase "relics" of mendicants nor
itinerant peddlars in Mexico for the
chances are ten to one that he will
bargain for a worthless copy. I do
not think that it would be an exag-
geration to assert that the large major-
ity of so-called relics purchased by
tourists are the products of relic fac-
tories and over whose heads have not
passed half a dozen birthdays.

I know of no better expedient for
securing authentic material than the
plan adapted by me in Southern Mex-
ica during my travels in that country
in the winter and spring of 1897. I
studiously avoided professional venders
of Aztec ware but repaired to the an-
cient Indian villiages, where maneder
directly beneath the feet of their pos-
terity, the mortal remains of the abor-
igines as Hernando Cortez discovered
and subjugated them in the sixteenth
century. Numbers of these C]uaint
but squalid and long populated towns
are still inhabited solely by full-blood-
ed Indians.

It may surprise some as greatly as
it did me when first I was made aware
of the fact, that three-fourths of the
present entire population of the Mex-
ican Republic are Indians, through
whose viens there courses not a drop
of alien blood. My explorations were
mainly in the beautiful and fertile
Toluca Valley in Indian pueblos con-
tiguous to the sprightly and in some
respects, the progressive city of Tolu-
ca, the capital and metropolis of the
State of Mexico. In this valley lie

THE MUSEUM

87

virgin fields in which repose the bones
of generations and generations, images
of idolatry and implements of civiliza-
tion and of war, thus far untouched by
the despoiling hand of the arch.iolo-
gist. There are certain sections of
this valley, the property of fanatic
pagans who guard these resting places
of their departed with such consum-
mate and indefatigable zeal that not
one of the ten thousand objects repos-
ing but a few inches below the surface
of the earth has ever been brought to
light. But there are others whose
cupidity gets the upper hand of their
superstition to such a degree that they
gladlj' barter the bones of their ances-
tors for a paltry stipend. It was from
the later class that I reaped my richest
harvests.

To describe, in e.xtenso, an Indian
town might possibly be thought a ser-
ious digression though even a superfi-
cial knowledge of the outline of such a
town would enable the reader to bet-
ter comprehend these remarks. Upon
entering the place we accost the first
inhabitant upon whom our eye alights
and make inquiries concerning the an-
tiquities so abundant in the vicinity.
Their invariable reply is, "No hay
nada, senor; no tenemos nada, " which
is being interpreted, "There is noth-
ing, sir: we have nothing, and which
is, furthermore, in the majority of
cases, a most prodigous prevarication,
for there e.xists no greater a dissembler
than a Mexican Indian. It is then
necessary for us to persist and inci-
dentally to display a few pieces of the
coin of the realm. This in most cases
is followed at once by the desired re-
sult and you are in the confidence of
the noble red man and may purchase
anything he possesses from his best
burro down to his squaw. There is
an old adage, of Spanish origin, I
think, the gist of which is embodied in
this sentence: "Few are the locks
which may not be opened by a golden
key." In the present instance I may
substitute the baser metal "copper"
for "gold." Most of these pagans

will enlist in your service for a con-
sideration of a few reals per diem and
under your direction tear from their
humble sepulchres their fore fathers'
decaying forms, with attending pot-
tery, knives, images, etcetera. These
things are e.xhumed at depths varying
from I 2 to 36 inches below the surface
and in the very door-yard of your
workman. The surprise of these peo-
ple at fining these articles is most
amusing. \'essels of innumerable
shape, design and dimensions are found
and for what purposes they served, it
is not for me, an humble neophyte in
this science, to vouch safe.

Some types are similar in pattern to
those in use today while others have
no modern representatives. Burial
urns are rare objects and I encounter-
ed but one, for which a stiff remunera-
tion was required. In ancient Tha-
cotepec some half dozen miles distant
from Toluca, I one day had the good
fortune to have disinterred an earthern
tlute of several notes upon which mus-
ic could yet be made.

Among many other objects, these
excavations reveal keen-edged blades
of that beautiful glass of volcanic ori-
gin, obsidian — a few "arrowheads" of
the same material though these are
not found in exuberance, small images
of sun baked earth representing men,
boys, birds, etc. in marveleously per-
fect preservation. Occasionally an
image wrought in stone is found though
these finds are not common Small
clay wheels, their surfaces carved in
fanciful designs and decorated in gaudy
colors still brilliant, which were pre-
sumably used in weaving and pottery
in such quantity as to near craze an
enthusiastic counsisseur with ineffible
delight.

Doubtless now recurs to your mind
mind those stringent laws touching the
exportation of all these acquisitions.
Reader, I shall not commit myself by
asseverating whether or not any relic
accompanied me when I recrossed El
Rio Grande to my native Texas but I
will only say, rtitn- itoiis, that I am

88

THE MUSEUM

strongly impressed that such a thing
might be and allow you to deduce a
conclusion.

But for the present I shall desist
lest my verbosity wearies you. At
another time, if desired, I have many
reminiscences to impose npon you —
what I saw in the Mexican National
Museum and many other things.
James J. Cauroll,

Refugio, Texas.

Reminiscences of a Naturalist.

In the summer of 1864 I met that
veteran conchologist, Dr. Wesley New-
comb, for the first time, having called
upon him in response to an invitation
sent to me through the late Dr. Wil-
liam M. Gobb, the latter at that time
holding the position of Paleontologist
to the Geological Survey of California,
of which Prof. J. D. Whitney was the
director. I remember very clearly
the afternoon when I first met the
worthy doctor, and the acquaintance-
ship then commenced developed mto
a friendship that continued for many
years.

At the time referred to he lived in
Oakland, California, where he pursued
his profession and had an extensive
practice. Dr. Newcomb lived to a
ripe old age. He outlived his other
scientific or rather conchological
friends; Gould, the elder Binney, An-
thony, Bland, Reeve, Cuming and
others of England who were also his
frienus and correspondents. For many
years he lived in the Sandwich Islands
and there had excellent opportunities
for collecting not only the beautiful
land shells of that remarkable insular
group, Achatinella', the geological dis-
tribution of which is nearly if not
wholly confined to said islands, but
also many interesting and attractive
marine and fresh water species. Dr.
Newcomb improved the opportunity
to make not only an exhaustive collec-
tion of the Achatinelhe, but also to
make a thorough study of these some-
what variable and therefore difficult
shells. By careful comparisons he

reached conclusions which are probab-
ly more correct than the greater por-
tion of the work of others in the shells
of this group.

At the time Dr. Newcomb resided
in the islands the Achatinella- were
abundant, and therefore he had no
lack of material. Since and of late
years, with the clearing of the lands
and the development of agriculture,
these shells have been gradually, even
rapidly decreasing, and now have, it
is Said, ceased to be numerous. Dr.
Newcomb described many new species,
and had a very fine collection of these
forms. His residence in the islands
also gave him unusual advantages in
the way of obtaining shells from the
whaling vessels which at that time
made Honolulu a base for supplies,
etc. ; and, again, from his missionary
friends who were established in other
islands near or remote, who occasion-
ally visited Honolulu, he received
many additions to his collection of
much value. As Dr. Newcomb was
always liberal in explaining and giving
outright his simple specimens, he natu-
rally received from many grateful recip-
ients of his favors whatever they could
furnish that might be desiderata to
him. He also, as before stated, reck-
oned many well-known and leading
conchologists among his correspond-
ents and friends, and Cuming espec-
ially contributed many rare and desir-
able specimens to the Newcomb mu-
seum in return for what the Doctor
had sent to enrich the Cumingian cab-
inet. After Dr. Newcomb came to
California and made Oakland his
home, he continued as before with
unremitting effort to add to his already
large and valuable collection by col-
lecting himself the shells of the Pacific
coast, and by encouraging and assist-
ing others to do the same. He de-
scribed several species of West Ameri-
can land and marine shells and his con-
chological papers were published in the
proceedings of the California Acad-
eniy of Sciences and elsewhere.

The good Doctor also collected in

THE MUSEUM.

89

the field at all the principal points on
the coast of California on both sides
of the Istlnmis of Darien, vi^., Pana-
ma and Aspinwall; in the San Doniin-
go and on both coasts of Florida, and
•quite likely elsewhere.

I shall never forget a little tri[) to
the coast made by Doctor Newcomb
and myself about 1S67. We were led
to investigate the neighborhood of
Bodega, Calif., and had a tiresome
ride one day by stage to the 'Corners'
(^Bodega Corners) where we had to
stop over night before we could go on.
We had an uncomfortable room togeth-
er on the ground floor of the only pub-
lic house there, so near the bar- room
that we were kept awake long after
we had gone to bed by the loud talk,
wrangling and profanity which sur-
passed in volume and unceasing How
anything I had ever before experi-
enced. The next morning we were
both glad to get away from such a
'hell-hole,' and after paying our bill
the Doctor remarked to the landlord
that he had never been in a place
where such gross profanity pre\ailed,
and he hoped never to have such an
„ experience again.

The landlord was so abashed by my
friend's comments and rebuke, that
not only he, but some of the rough
looking loafers sitting near, really ap-
peared to exhibit some shame. After
leaving we proceeded by stage to the
Head, as the bold granite bluff is call-
ed, that makes out into the ocean in
this neighborhood, and soon reached
the house which was to be our base.
Our stay in this region was not very
satisfactory. All the time we were
there the wind and sea were rough,
and it was dreary and chilling in the
extreme, and the collecting ground
we found to be quite limited. At low-
tide we obtained specimens of Macoma
nasuta and M. Secta var edulis, also
Tapes Pettitti from the same hole and
at the same time by digging in the
mud, Lasea rubra was also abundant;
an occasional red abalone (H. rufes-
cens) was met with, and I had the
pleasure of finding a few specimens of

Trivia Californica (which I had pre-
viously detected alive at Monterey)
among the smaller drift of the beach
Near the Trivia, as I had anticipated,
I got a few specimens of the stumpy
corals that I discovered the Trivia to
be parasitic upon at the more souther-
ly point. Hut it is not so much for
the rehearsing of the "finds," as for
another matter, that has led me to
mention the Hodega trip.

While climbing over the bald and
rocky Head, which has been roughened
all over like a coarse rasp or file, by
the weathering out of the softer com-
ponents, leaving the harder quartz
portion sticking out all over the sur-
face in jagged tooth-like projections,
hunting for anything in our line and
getting nothing but some peculiarly
rough speciinens of Littorina planaxis;
I heard a cry or call from the Doctor,
and on looking up was unable to see
him. He was not in sight; but a min-
ute or two before he had been nearly
at my side. For a moment my heart
stopped beating; I thought he had fall-
en, or been washed or swept into the
ocean. On scrambling over the rocks,
I saw him just "picking himself up," a
wave of unusual height and volume
had struck him behmd as he stood
with his back to the sea, and had
thrown him forward and down with
great force, his hands, which he had
extended to save himself as he fell,
were badly cut by the sharp points of
the quart/, and were bleeding consider-
able. It was bad enough as it was,
but the shock I received at his momen-
tary disappearance on that occasion,
has remained as the chief souvenir of
our Bodega expedition, which was al-
together an unprofitable affair. Though
the northerly di.-^tribution of Trivia
California was by this visit shown to
be a hundred miles further north than
before credited.

As is generally known, many years
ago the Newcombian Collection was
purchased by lizra S. Cornell, for the
Cornell University, at Ithaca, N. Y. ,
and Dr. Newcomb was retained for
many years as custodian.

90

THE MUSEUM.

I

THE MUSEUM.

A Monthly Magazine devoted to Ornithology,

Oology, Mollusca, Echinodermata,

Mineralogy and Allied

Sciences.

Walter F. Webb, Editor and Manager
Albion. N. Y.

Correspondence and items of interest ou above top-
ics, as well as notes on the vai'ious M^lseums of tlie
World— views from same, discoveries relative to the
handling and keeping of Natural History material,
descriptive habits of variour. species, are solicited
from all.

Make articles as brief as possibl-^ and as free from
technical terms as the subjects will allow. All letters
will be promptly answered.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Single Subscription $1.00 per annum

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insertion.

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lines to the inch.

Cash must accompany all orders.

Remittances should be made by Draft. Express or
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Unused U. S. Postage Stamps of any denomination
accepted for small amounts.

MUSEUM PUB. CO.,

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Entered at Albion post-office as second-class mail matter

NOTES.

Our subscribers will please note we
have sold our entire stock of Natural-
ists supplies to Messrs. Kerr & Perham
of Blencoe, Iowa and Sandwich, 111.
This enterprising firm have stores at
both places and are prepared to fill
orders for all kinds of supplies needed
by naturalists. Give them a trial.

We offer our entire stock of miner-
als and fossils for sale at a very rea-
sonable figure. We intend to devote
our entire time to shells and must have
the room taken by these departments.
Our minerals occupy some 125 mam-
moth draws and we have from 8000
to 10000 good fossils on hand. Any
one interested please write us at once.
There is only one house in the U. S.
that we know of putting out good sys-
tematic collections of minerals, rocks
and fossils. Many firms handle min-
erals and put out collections but every
High School and higher University
want and must have a systematic col-

lection of minerals, and with it collec-
tions of rocks showing the geological
formations, and of fossils showing the
life on the earth during each period.
Any one who would get out a good
collection of minerals, rocks and fos-
sils as above outlined to sell at about
$50.00 to schools could sell hundreds
uf them. There is no such thing on
the market. To be successful one
must have a taste for the work he en-
gages in and while we are a great ad-
mirer of all scientific material we have
our special choice the same as every
one else and have firmly decided to
carry a more complete stock of one
line rather than a less complete stock
in many lines.

If you have a desire to engage in
the sale of minerals, rocks and fossils,
it would pay you to come on here and
see what we have

We wish to thank our many patrons
for their generous purchases in fine
shells during the past few months.
They have far e.xceeded our expecta-
tions. Our stock is still very fine and
we can offer some choice specimens.
We are negotiating for two new col-
lections also have an order in for a
big lot of choice polished shells
from Europe. All polished shells
come from Europe where labor is
cheap. We are ^buying in big quan-
tities direct from headquarters and
paying no jobbers profits. We can
sell to you as low as any dealer in
America for tlic same grade of goods.
Of some shells there are as high as 10
sizes and grades. Uon't condemn
prices, never, where they come from a
reliable house until you see the speci-
mens.

We have an interesting letter from
Mr. F. P. Drowne of Providence, R.
I. relative to his recent trip to the
Gallapogos Islands with the Rothchild
-expedition. We quote at some length
from it in another column.

Through oversight our article in last
months number on the Migration of

THE MUSEUM.

91

Birds should liave been credited to
the .\faint- Sf'ortstitaii of Haii;^or, Me.
This journal devotes two or three
pages each month to ornitholofjy. the
matter being contributed by the United
Ornithologists of Maine, which has
now grown into a strong organi;5ation.

Many collectors are writing about
Davie's "Nests and Eggs" and some
dealers are advertising it as if they had
it. No one has any copies for sale
yet. There has been some hitch be-
tween the editors and publishers and
no one has any copies ready to deliver.
\\"e shall have them as soon as any-
one. For $2.25 we will give one copy
and two O. and O. Manuals. No
money required until books are deliv-
ered. Simply send us your order.

Without attempting to rival the
function of the newspapers in getting
the latest news. "The National Maga-
zine" for March has an exceedingly
timely article upon "The Situation in
Cuba Today," by Elbert B. Hastings.
It is very evdent that the article was in
type at the time of the Maine explos-
ion—but the situation had been so
carefully forecast that the explosion
incident had the continuity of a secjuel
rather than an addenda. The article
is handsomely illustrated with draw-
ings and photographs and is decidedly
vigorous and picturesque. The posi-
tive position is taken in forecasting the
ultimate freedom of Cubans through
the United States, acting as arbitrator
on the questions in dispute. While
not compromising the views of the
patriotic Cubans, there is a judicial
fairness in the article that commands
respectful attention.

No one who is interested in the best
contemporary French literature can
afford to miss the series of sketches
and stories of Paul Bourget, which
will begin in T/u- Liviiii^ Age for April
2. These sketches have been but re-
cently published in F^rance, and this is
their first appearance in English dress.
They are translated for The IJvitig

Age by William Marchant. They are
extremely clever and characteristic.

Geolouy.

We often see people in their leisure
hours, wasting their time away in friv-
olous pursuits when in the way of col-
lecting and studying the objects of
nature, which are scattered in such
profusion on every side — they might
add to their education by the perusal
of "Nature's story book."

A collection once started may not
advance as fast towards completion as
we might wish it to but even imper-
fect as it may be it will always be a
collection of souvenirs of the present
as well as relics of the past.

Each specimen may have scores of
little reminiscences attached to it.
Here for instance in our cabinet is a
Dellhyris with its well written history
of past glory. What wonderful things
might it tell if it could speak of how it
spent its life in some snug nook at the
bottom of the gld-time ocean, sur-
rounded on all sides by the marveloes
life of tropical seas, hemmed in at the
north by desolate mountains while to
the south spread the unbroken expanse
of a shallow ocean.

Now besides the recollections of the
past that envelop this little mollusk,
there always clings to it too the re-
membrances of a delightful summer
excursion to Old Fort Erie in Canada.
And so it is as we go, so may we col-
lect and be well repaid for so doing.
Every picnic or excursion that we may
"take in" we may always find some-
thing new in the way of specimens.

In this part of the State the popular
place for summer picnics is along the
shores of Lake Erie; the cliffs of this
shore for many miles are of those
rocks which belong to the Hamilton
group, and coupled with this is the
fact that there are numerous detached
boulders of the Upper Helderberg
period (brought down from the north-
ward in the Glacial period) thus mak-
ing it a fine collecting ground for the
student of geology.

92

THE MUSEUM.

How could a collector place any
value in dollars and cents on speci-
mens found on such occasions with
their halo of pleasant incidents which
invest them and recollect the pleasure
with which he traversed the shore of a
fresh water lake of today, directing
the strokes of his obedient hammer on
the rough side of a suspicious looking
boulder and then as the rock-pages
broke asunder the curious delight of
gazing on forms that mortal eye had
ne'er gazed on before!

How in the wondrous profusion with
which the ocean forms of a long-ago
age strew the shores of this great lake
of today, do the old and new so
strangely meet. And the shells that
had their being millions of years ago,
then sealed in their rocky tombs to be
found again and rescued by the relent-
less waves of Lake Erie and cleansed
and polished anew by her waters, she
placed them before us side by side by
her own product, the fresh water shells
of today.

Let some of our skeptical scientists
try to find that the rock record is an-
tagonistic to the masonic record if
they wish, but the deeper the unpre-
judiced mind delves into the enduring
records of nature the firmer will be
the conviction that the world and "all
living things depend on one everlast-
ing Creator and Ruler."

Let all who may contemptibly cry
out "Back to Dogma" when a true
scientist may testify to the belief in
the existence of an intelligent and de-
signing Creator, we will still believe
that the "existence of a first cause is
the creed of reason."

And like as these beautiful forms
venerable with years, are born by the
never tiring waves of f^ake Erie from
their honored tombs to feel the rays of
a sunlight that has not kissed their
pearly forms for countless ages, so
does the greater share of students be-
lieve that the One who ever rules, all
this, will rescue the human forms of
our age from "Time's remorseless
sea," when

"Dawns the day that will never know de-
clining."

Pileated Woodpecker in Mahoning
County, Ohio.

(Eylotomus pilealus.)

One who has never made the ac-
quaintance of this royal Woodpecker
"log-cock" cannot know what he has
missed. He is an inspiration to the
lover of the wild life of the woods.
You will not be apt to find him in a
neatly trimmed grove or upstart of
second growth timber. No votary of
civilization and luxury he, but "a chip
of the old block" of primeval savage-
ness rather.

It was a red-letter day when I dis-
covered the pair in a heavy woods not
a mile from my country home! We
are always discovering that we a*-e
richer than we thought. Surely, we
say, no new thing can come to me; I
know all about these fields and woods:
— So I thought, and yet, I found that
this regal Woodpecker had been living
in my horizon for at least a year, and
that I had heard his vigorous hammer-
ing all that time without really know-
ing who was the author. But one
day, I said to myself, I must go and
see what manner of Woodpecker that
is, — either he is a most vigorous bird
or his sounding-board is uncommonly
resonant. I had never seen the bird
at liberty, heard its drumming, or
dreamed that it could possibly come
under my observation here. But
when I had reached the woods, and
heard the powerful noise reverberated
by the quiet autumnal woods, my sus-
picions were at once aroused. I knew
no Woodpecker of my acquaintance
could make such a noise as that.

And while I was still some gun-shots
away, I saw a dark bird nearly black,
as seen in the dim light of the woods,
drop into the air from the moggy top-
branch of a lofty tree, and in grand
wild waves of motion after the man-
ner of his tribe, gallop off through the
twilight of the forest into the maze of

1

THE MUSEUM.

93

great gray tree trunks. He seemed
as black and as big as a Crow, and
half audibly to myself I muttered
"Ifyloloiiiiis, the feathered woodcut-
ter." And it was as if a breath or
spirit of times and things gone had
started out of the silence of brooding
shadows; and my heart beat a little
faster, and I was lead on in a wild
chase which was to end with a better
view of this rare avis.

And again I entered the woods with
my telescope, and at last was success-
ful in getting several good views of the
pair. And if one has never seen one
of these grand Woodpeckers, ■ 'at
large," it is worth any amount of
tramping and care to find them in the
setting of some fine remnant of "the
forest primeval;" to hear the lusty cry
of the male, and his roll-call on some
old stub, of some frozen still day of
winter, say, when the frosty heart of
every tree about, pays back a sym-
pathetic echo to the wooden
music; and to see the great black form
gallop away, now across the opening
in the light of day, now blacker
through the shadows, now in the light
again. To me, at least, this was a
memorable experience.

Well has Dr. Elliott Coues charac-
terized this as "a very wild, wary, and
solitary bird." Farther on he says,
speaking of the nest, ' 'usually at a great
height; the taking of the eggs is some-
thing of an exploit, "--which I can
well believe having seen several holes,
undoubtedly of this pair by their great
size, up almost limbless trees and
snags from 50 to 70 feet, where one
would scarcely care to risk his bones
in climbing after the oological treas-
ures.

The male stops hammering on his
favorite trees when nidification begins
and is silent till the middle of summer
when the brood is probably old enough
to shift for itself, when early and late
I have heard his noise, the first thing
in the morning upon awaking, and all
day. While on still damp days his
hammer could easily be heard a mile

away. I regret that I could not watch
this pair closely during the nesting
period, when work of this kind was
impossible for mc.

But this rare bird is so nearly elim-
inated from the avifauna of Ohio
that any notes of its last appearance
cannot but be of interest.

Mr. Oberholers in his valuable "Pre-
liminary List of the Birds of Wayne
County, Ohio," records the last known
specimen taken in that county for
about 1883.

Within the last year much of the
heaviest timber of this neighborhood
has fallen to the greed of gain and the
relentless hunger of the portable saw-
mill, and I have searched the old
haunts and listened in vain for the one
real relic of the wild days and scenes
where the "red-skin," braves, buffalo,
and "log cock" formed part of the
primeval vastness.

.\ few figures of the wood-cutting of
this feathered woodman will prove
how deserving he is of his Greek name
— HylotoviKs.

In passing through the woods inhab-
ited by these birds, I one day came
upon a bass-wood tree 17 inches in
diameter in which had been located a
colony of black ants. Two of these
holes made on the nordi side of the
tree measured respectively 6 inches
long, 2'\ inches wide, 7'! inches deep;
5 inches long, 3 inches wide, 6.\ inches
deep. The hole on the south side of
the tree was 4.^ inches long, 2;j inches
wide, 5 inches deep. The abundance
and size of the chips scattered around
gave the place quite the air of a work-
shop. Fragments were tossed six feet
from the tree. One of these chips
'was2j inches long, i ', inches wide,
and J inch thick. Another was 4
inches long, and though there were
many of similiar size, yet these were
the largest. This tree was not rotten
but solid wood. It is interesting to
note that each of these three holes
struck the nest at a different point,
but that they all touched the heart or
main chamber of it. How were they

94

THE MUSEUM.

able to strike so perfectly the core of
the community? Was this the mission
of the Pileated Woodpecker, to keep
the black ant, which is a great des-
troyer of old and heavy timber, in
check.''

— Elaborated from notes read at the
last meeting of the Ohio State .-\ead-
cmv of- Seience at Columbus, Oliio.

E W. ViCKERS.

Klickitat Indian Dice.

Recently it was ni)- p;ood foitune to
come into possession of a set of four
Klickitat Indian dice which are very
rare, and in fact the only ones I can
find any trace of. I obtained them
from a friend living in Oregon, who
had procured them froin a full-blood
Klickitat Squaw, a member of the
great western tribe, the Nez Perces.

The substance of the information
concerning them was given to me as
follows: The squaw he obtained thtm
from was of a more garrulous nature
than those of her tribe usually are,
therefore she explained in great detail
how the game was played. Her hus-
band, who is a Cowlitz, verified her
statements The dice are four in

number and are made of the incisors
of the Beaver. The two marked with
five spots are the Queens and the two
with only one spot and the cross lines
are the Kings; one side of each is
blank. The ends are plugged with bits
of wood and bound with sinew.

In playing the game, as many may
participate as is agreed on, each tak-
ing their cast in turn. A soft skin of
blanket is used to throw them on, and
one cast determines the player's luck,
unless there is a tie and then another
cast is taken to decide who is winner.
The highest cast is four blanks.

Three blanks and King.

Three Kings and Oueen.

Two Kings and two Queens.

Two Kings and two blanks.

Two Queen and two blanks.

Two Kings and one Queen and
blank.

Two Queens, one King and one
blank.

Two blanks, one King and one
Queen.

The throws are given in their rela-
tive value, the first being the highest
and graduating down to the lowest —
two blanks, one King and one Queen
— which counts nothing. The winner
of the stakes in each case takes first
throw in the next cast of the dice.

The Squaw says she remembers see-
ing the game played when she was a
young girl, and that must have been a
long time ago as she is very old now.

The gentlemen from whom I ob-
tained the dice says that he has been
unable to find any such gambling de-
vice mentioned in the Smithsonian re-
ports and as I have made diligent
search for information regarding any
other set that might be in existence
have been unsuccessful. I have good
reason to believe them a great rarity.
I have good proof of their authenticity.
Any information the readers of The
Museum may be able to give, con-
cerning any other set of these dice
will be highly appreciated by the pres-
ent owner of the set.

Harry E. Spalding,

Champaign, 111.

Pearl Shells and
Novelties.

Such as Shell Purses, Shell Boxes, Vine-
grettes. Pearl Penholders, Pearl Inkstands
made from Abilone Shell, Pearl Napkin Piiugs.
Pearl Match Safes, Pearl Shell Spoons (32
dill:erent styles). Pearl Lace Pins, Glove and
Button hooks. Pearl Shirt Waist Sets, Pearl
Ships. Vases, Pin Trays and other novelties.
In Shell Bozes such as Handkerchief Boxes,
Work Boxes, many styles Pin Cushions, Fan-
cy Boxes. Lounge. Dressers. Dog Kennel, Hand
Bags, Anchors. Looking Glasses. Hand Mir-
rors, Side Boards, Placijues, and dozens other
styles. Evcryon ■. who has seen these Shell
and Pearl Novelties know they are pretty.
All are imported, and notwithstanding heavy
duty can be sold reasonable. We do not soli-
cit retail trade.

Those meaning business please apply for
wholesale prices on what you expect to buy,
stating what amount vou would probably or-
der at a time, as $10. $15, $25, $50. $100, etc.
Address, W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

I

THE MUSEUM.

95

*THE OSPREY.'

■ Till' Rit^aletl Itird luoiillilv llie hoiUI has
ever sei'ii."

P'or II sliort time I olTer some special I Iiil)
liliiR rail's for wiH' suliscriptions lo Tlie
Osprey.

Full voarsuiisoiiplioiis to both TiikOspkky
to new subsfiibtTs only, with

The Auk $3 45

The Museum 1.10

Itirds ( ".IT or 'OS) 2 00

Keenatjon 1.40

Oregon Nalnralist 1.00

Hull Mich Orni Club 1.10

Iowa Urnithologist 1.10

Anieriean KieUl 4. .Ml

Popular Science News 2.10

Cosmopolitan ISO

MeCUires 1 tO

Harpers Maija/.iue 4.00

I'orcst and Stream, cewsuhs onl.\4.10

American Naturalist 4.4.')

Overland Monthly . 1.70

Scienlilie American 3 00

I can furnish any periodical published and
will (|uote you Tiif; Osi'KKV with any others
you may wi^li. I also furnish any other com-
binntio I of periodicals at the lowest possible
rates. Don't miss these olTers Address,

BENJAMIN HOAG SUBSCRIPTION AGENCY,

STEPHENTOWN, N. Y.

This is my

Proposition.

Lot iiie spud. for your in.spt'Olinn. charges postpaUi.
35o( iliv Famouii Quartz Crystals foiitKl at
thi.i placf. It tni.< collection o( Brilliaiu Ueins pleases
you. kindly send TO cents only, othemise return tlie
collection and It will be O. K. HIglieit Award at ttic
World's Fair. Order today. 'Jlo

A. B. CKIM,

Mlddlevllle, Herkimer Co., M. V.

"©e yoUr oWn
"Taxidermist.

Many tlme.'t you have secured specimens that you
<leflre<l to save In a lifelike state. You are no Taxi-
dermist and pr,ssll»lv there Is none at hand.

Our method Is EASY and liAPII) and with a little
practice, excellent work can l*e <ione. An I ahove all
ANYONK CAN I.EARN IT. Many Men. Women and
Children use our method and others conimence every
day. .S'o Oologlst should Ix? without It. Satisfaction
t» giiarante<'d. Think of r'rcscrilni; anil Mountln,' a
Pigeon or (Juall In 'JO minutes It cjn be done.

Taxidermy Made Easy.

Glrlng full dircci ions f.ir doing the work and one
poond of K. i I*, preservative; enough to preserve
from 3» to 40 small l>lrds. sent on receipt of (V> cents.
Send at once. Several can learn In a very short time.
No tooU required lo entail extra expence. Corre.s-
poodence solicited.

KKKU \- im:wm\m.

THE AMERICAN

ARCH/EOLOQIST.

FORyioFLr Thc Antiquarian.

k Monthly Anthropological Macazlnc Designed fur

Students, Scientists, Collectora and Dealers

In natural History Sprcimecs.

HOW i:{ ITS SECOKD VCtUME.

PnhUshed on the TSth cf each month by The Landon

Frlntlne and Pahlishlnfr Co., 20 East

Broad Street, Colcmbcc, Ohio.

'itiJClily condactcd, \rcll established, and nnmbers
jiiionsrils writers and contributors the first scientists
md scholars of otr country. Every Issue contains
yrcWi ilnstrated papers on topics rclatlne; to Primitive
I Ic ; Iicro and elsewhere. Jrclodinq: tl-.c relics aid re?
I '.a.-s cf Pnctlo and Clilf Dv.'eliing Indiars ; the
riocn^s e:l Jlccnd Bnil^Icrs of the united States]
prchistor.'c reins and Art works of Mexico, Centra^
and Sou. -1 America; discnssicrs of prcglacial n:an In
A~;r!c-i; ciriy man ia Er.rcpe and Asia; the states
i:d E^trral history of recent ssvare races, 4 c., &c.

It rr.I:!;ohcs iatercrting items from ccrrctrordents
In cv. ry p:irt of the coaritry, and devotes mcch atten-
tion t3 the wants of Collectors ard Dealers. All
recent p-bUcations of sclcntiiic vatne are reviewed
nonti!y; It gives an accoant o: all recent archao-
lojlc^l ClscoT.ries and n v.s ; ard illustrates the rare
end uniar eepecimciis of private and public collections.

There is no o'Jicr monthly joarnal of this charactti
i:-.:l;llchcd ia tte world for the edification of th-ifec-
crd prtUc, as well as for the student. It aics to dlsr
s:r:Iu."te knowledge which cannot bo gained froib
clt:r r;zrces, and publishes technical papirs and gov-
crr::::-t reports, which are not available to the gen-
eral rc:;icr, arl Is indispensible to all persors inter-
ested la tlie study or the collection of tie relics cl
p;i-_it;TCinan.

Itz ir:ce is wlthiii the reach cf all, and affords the
rrlvl^cTcs of tte great libraries, cocibintd with
ArcliiEOlojlcal treatise!', as they appear irom lime to
tine. n:;ving a wide and Increasing circulation, it
ccnstitclcs one cf the best mediums in onr country for
elv;r'J=;ng tte business of Curio Dealers, Taxider-
irists a-d Katurallsts.

Ealrcripticn price, SI. SO per year.

A copy will be sent free to any one sending ns four
snbscrlbcrs ard six dollars.

BLENCOE, IOWA.

SAM>WI(.H, ILL.

DO YOU WANT LABELS?

1 have 10. (100 l:il>el.-i li;\l iiicli, printed in
red on bull' liri.sml rani, at 4ir per 1(10 post-
paid Letter Heads, 3.5c per ICO. Kovelopes,
3.")C per 100 All kinds of labels Send copy
and stamp for pi ires on nuliiialisl.s' printing
of any kind. J). II. ICA'I'ON,

Woburn, Mass.

BAROAINS.

UK) tlrstclass specimens to any address. ?I.CC
Beautl'ul .Shells, Corals, and Curiosities from all
part.s of the world.

KO nice Shi'lls. ySc. 1'' Beautiful mixed Olive Shells.
.tOc. too large specimens. *.rOil, worth three times the
I)rke or money refunded. 3S mixed Coins. $1.00. 30
llrst class Tropical llulanlcal Specimens. 11.00. 18
j)erfefi Arrow Points. .^0". 20 cliolce specimens. 27c.
IOOp<Tfert I'c.rcuiiine Quills. J .-.

50,000 Specimens in Stock.

FIveryihInK perfect SiUsfaclhm guaranteed or
money refunded. Send stamp for drawings and bar-
gain list. All orders promptly lllled

JOHN B. whi:elew.

East Templeton, Mass.

96

THE MUSEUM.

BIRDS

Choicest imported Canaries.

Parrots, etc. Also Gold Fish

and all kinds of Aquaria Supplies.

BOOK. Just published, on Birds and Fish, price 10 cents, will bo sent to you free it jou
enclose stamp for postage and mention this paper.

will be rf ady for mailiner in a few ^ j— -^ P\ ^ |— J F-^ I I ^
3 on reijuest. Would like to ex- .JjJ ^/ V >JdI IJ ,1 .J .^ >

dealers everywhere.

IOWA SEED CO., DES MOINES, IOWA.

Our new list of shells
days. Mailed free
change lists with dealers everywhere

ALLROADS ARE ALIKETOA MONAR'CH. j

Perfection is the result of our long I

experience.

are the product of mechanical ingenuity.

,m $50.00 $60

Monarch ©haintess SIOO.OO

Send for S898 Catalogue.
Agents wanted in open territory.

MOiSiAROH GYOLE i^FG. CO.,

Lake, Halsted and Fu'ton Streets, f^hicago.
Branches— New York. (London and Hamburg.
Send ten 2-cent stamps for a deck of Monarch Playing Cards illustrathif,
Lillian Russell, Tom Cooper, Lee Richardson, ap^J Waiter Jones.

THE MUSEUM.

I

WE BUY STAMPS

AND

OLD STAMP COLLECTIONS

St'iiii us wluit vciii have wiili linvfft i;i-.h
prioe or we will make yovi an offor if yoii
wi»h We |my express or p<>stiij;e one way.

DR. J. W. FOWLER,

DUBUQUK. l.\.

Florida Land and Fresh Water

Shells. Also Ceutipeiles, Scorpious. Cra'is.
etc in aleohol at a bargain. Address with
stamp.

O. BRYANT,

LongwoDd, Floriila.

TTHB OSF>REY

Davie's Nests and Eggs of

North American Birds.

.\ tieir subscription to The
Osi'KKV aurl 'Nests and
Kges,"' lifth edition, extra
cloth, prepaid,

"/(/ subscribscribers to The Osi'kev may s. -
lUre this combination for $1.10.

In the March MisEiM I offered some tempt-
ing clubhini; rales for ?u«' OsfKKV sub^eiip-
lioiis. Here are a few more J'hk Osnav
^»ilh:

Wilson's ('holographic M:tgazine 3.".'5

.\merican Amateur Photographer. 2 V.')

I'he Plant World 1 .-in

Kiitoniological News 1 70

Mineral Collections 1 .lO

Meekeis Weekly Stamp News 1 '0

Scribners Magazine ■ ;-(•,'")

Arena ^ '3 00

Pathfinder 1 40

New York Press (six days) :i <io

I shall take pleasure in -quoting vnu 'liiK
Osi'KEV. or Davies' "Nests and K,.'gs " in
I'ombination with any book or pel imlical jmi
want, in any branch of litcratur .

BENJAMIN HOAG SUBSCRIPN AGENCY.
.Stei'hentown. New Yukk

Marine Shells and Curios

Of the Gulf Coast, Florida for sal6.

If you want the best Shells" coMected writi-
me for my prices before you buy Aildrcss.

Wesley Douglas, Dunedin, Fla.

Relief Maps

FOR SCHOOLS
OF ALL GltAUES.

Systematic CollGctions.

MINKKALOGY, (iEolAKiY, ZOOlAKiY,

LANTKRN SLIDKS, ETC.
Washington School Collections.

Minerals, Rocks and Invertebrate Animals.

It Is siife to s.-iy that no collectlon.s of equal excel-
lence have ever hefore been offered lu this country at
so low a price e*a eachl. Send for rlroular.

EDWIN E. HOWELL,

Vi nth St.. N. \V., Washington, D. C

The Oroithologists' and Oologlsts' Mannal.

S I'ANDARI) LIS J' FOR COLLECTORS.
Reuucei) to 15c, 2 for 25c,
Sonie of iU Contents:

A complete list of all North American
Birds, giving prices of their eggs and skins.
The arrangement is acconliug to the A. O LI.
list, and after each name is Ridgeway's num-
ber. Both Common and Scientitic Names
are given, in dillereut si/e type

A list of Mammal and Reptile skins, with
prices A table giving the approximate num-
ber of eggs considered a full Set of every
f.iniily of birds in the l'. S.

Ciimplet" and exhaustive directions for
ni:(kiiig Scieiitihc Bird and Mammal Skins,
and preparing specimens for the cabinet In-
structions for collecting, preparing and pre
serving birds egg< and nests, tools needed.
Various recipes recommended and valuable
infiirniatioii about making cabinets for speci-
mens

C"mplete list of Taxidermists' Instruments,
Supplies and Reipiisitcs, also Oologists' In-
struinenis and Supplies, etc., etc.

•^ize 4i\(iii just right to carry in the pocket.

Order now, as our stock is very limited and
it will not be reprinted.

.MUSEUM PUB. CO , ALBION, N Y.

JAMES P. BABBITT,

Wholesale ami Retail Dealer in

Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird
Skins, Eg^s and Publications,

Our large monthly bulletin
upon appUcatioD.

TAUNTON, MASS.

SUlns. K^cs. «'tr. frt't-

When answering advertisements al-
ways mention THIi MUSEUM.

f1

THE MUSEUM.

We have received a fine lot of these Big Eggs
direct from South Africa at probably the

GREATEST BARGAIN EVER MADE !

While present supply lasts we will send A 1
specimens

Prepaid for Only $1.00

Order at once before they are iW gone. All are
as nice big specimens as yoj ever saw.

TO DEALERS. If any of our subscribers have stores where they can
exhibit them or can take orders, we will make a liberal discount on dozen
lots or upwards. Write us quick if you can sell a dozen or more

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.
To Patrons and Intending Purchasers:

We have just purchased the entire stock of Mr. W. F. Webb, Albion N. Y., of

Taxidermist, Oologist, Entomologist and Botanist
Supplies and Instruments,

and earnestly solicit your trade. Correspondence solicited.

KKRR & PRRHAM,

BLENCOE, IOWA. SANDWICH, ILLS.

VOL. IV.

NO. 7.

MAY, i8g8.

iEUTH

A Journal Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

RA TES: — jO its. per year to all countries, in advance. Single numbers, 5 cts.

Published on the 1 5th of each month by Museum Publishing Co. .Albion, N. Y.

THE MUSEUM.

I have on hand an

Immense Stock
of Eggs

in singles or sets in line series, with
nests of many.

Our prices. are as low as any, and on
large orders we will give wholesale
rates. Send four cents stamps for
Price List.

TTT^T OT fTI "Nest and Eggs of North American Bird

sJ U V/ 1 \J VJ 1 ■ BY OLIVER DAVIE.

BY OLIVER :

Fifth edition: Revised, augmented and profusely illustrated, 560 pages, octavo, extra oloih. $2.25, postpaid.

EGG TOOLS.

ALL KINDS AND PRICE. BEST THAT CAN BE MADE.

Mo. 4. Lons Handle.

Fine Machine cut Burr Drills.

No. 0 15c

" 1 25

" 2 35

" 3 50

■' 4 60

" 5 80

" 6 !B1

Engraved handle, fitted with machine cut
burrs 60e

Blowpipes.

.15, .25. .35. ..50c each.

Hand-l)lower (works fine for eggs) $1.60 pnst-

paid.
Embryo Hock, engraved handle, 15o.
Engraved handle, fitted with three sizes hooks,

60c.

COMBINATION EGG SET. SPECIAL 1898 MODEL.

Fine nickel-plated engraved handle, fitted with three sizes machine cut drills and 3 sizes
Embryo Hooks with blowpipe in pocket case, 90c postpaid. Embryo Scissors, 25, 50, $100
Calipers, 25, 35. Sliding caliper, graduated t. hundreths, $1 00. Egg cases, (glass tops) $1.50
by express. Climbing irons of best make, $1.50 with straps. $2. .50; by express Data blanks m
block form, 15, 20, 25c per 100; check bool. style, 50c. Pink cotton per sheet 10c, per package,
60c, postpaid. Pencils-soft for marking eggs— red, blue or black, 10c postpaid. Send 4 cents
in stamps for complete catalogue.

CHAS. K. EEED, 75 THOMAS ST., WORCESTER, MASS.

THE MUSEUM.

AYAiNTlS, EXCHAiMtES AND FOR SALES.

All notices that I'oiue uuder above will be inserted in this clepartmeut until further notice
a*, one (I) pent a wonl. No notii'e less than 35f. Terms Cash with crcler. No charge for
a Itlress. I shall at all times endeavor to keep parties, whose reputation is of a doubtful char-
acter from using these i-olumns.

WAN I'KI). — To exchange Florida fresh
water or land shells, fsr a small job of print-
\ag. O. BRVANT, LooKWOod, Fla.

FLORIDA Bird and Animal Skins, T:ges
and Curios. .Send 1.5i' for saw lish saw, T5c
for small stuffed alligator and lOe for Florida
orchid. JOHN F UELANEY, Micco, Fla.

WANTKl) to dispose of our stock of Fos-
sils Will sell cheap for cash or exchange for
line Indian relics. W. F. WEBB. Mgr., Al-
bion. N. Y.

MERMAID Cradle (chiton), from the Paci-
fic, 15c. Beautiful booklet of California Wild
Flowers, 45c. California curios and sea shells
for sale Write for lists. FRANK W.
SMITH, 038 Orange St., Redlands, Calif.

WANT. — Cigarettes, Tobacco and old Beer
Stamps. Will give 13c a hundred for cigar-
ettes stamps and 15c a hundred for others.
WINDOM STAMP CO., Box 440, W'indora,
Minn.

I HAVE Fossils, Shells, Minerals ana In-
sects, from Illinois and other localities, for
sale, or e.xchanee. Satisfaction guaranteed.
FRANK A. COX, Nunda, Illinois.

THE NEW SHELL LIST is now out. It's
a handy thing for all collectors and dealers in
shells Send 2c stamp if vou want it. W.
F. WEBB .Mgr , Albion, N. Y.

WANTKl). — Books on any l)ranch of Zool-
ogy and Botany. Oiler ornithological books
and maga/cines, eggs in sets, climbers, fossils.
CARSTKN C. SMITH, Decorah, Iowa.

AMATEUR TAXIDERMISTS.— I'ntil July
1st. wf will send by express for $1 50, 1 pkg.
K & P Preservative, 1 copy of Taxidermy
Made Easy, 1 Scalpel, 1 Kve Instrument and
I Manual KERR iV PEKHAM, Blencoe, la.

A PAIR of Strapped Climbing Irons bv Ex
press until July 1st, only 8i.2o. KERR &
PEKHAM, Bleucoe. Iowa.

UONT FORdKl'.-Whcn you need a set of
Oiilogisl's or Taxidermist's Tools, write us.
VVe can furnish them at reasonalile prices.
Our new Catalogue anti Handbook now
ready. Price 10c in stamps. KERR iV:
PERHAM, Blencoe, Iowa.

PfRPLE SEA FERNS. Fine lot from
Florida from 'J to ."> feet. $1.50 dozen. They
are beauties. W V WEBB. Mgr. Albion, N.
Y.

HERMITCRABS IN SHELL, linely cleane<l
and preserved. Each one wrapped in a tin
box. per dozen, $L.50. W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,
Albion, N. Y.

BIG FLORIDA STARS —A new lot of these
mammoth Stars a foot in diameter at $J 00 a
dozen. Single specimen prepaid for (lOc.
They arc big and heavy. W. F. WEBB, Mgr ,
Albion, N. Y.

EXCHANGE ADS. FREE —Any reader of
the MfsuEM who will send 25 cents and an
addressed and stamped envelope, to Popular
Science, 108 Fulton St., N(^w York, for a three
months trial subscription, will bo presented
with a Fifty Cent want advertising coupon.
Sample copies free. See additional particu-
lars on adv. in this issue.

CASTOR OIL BEANS. -A pretty addition
to vour "Seed Colleclinn." One dozen pre-
paid for 10c. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion,
N. Y.

SMALL SEA BEAVERS, 4 to 5 inch, finely
prepared $1.50 a dozen. A bargain. W. F.
WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

WANTED.— Warbler Skins in large i|uan-
tity. Send full list of what you have or what
you can get. I offer copies of my own Publi-
cations, including new editions of Birds of
Eastern North America. Also want a few
collectors to shoot Warblers and preserve en-
tire information. Write me at once and men-
tion Museum. C. J. MAYNARU, 447 Crafts
St., West Newton, Ma.ss.

FOR SALE— A nice assortment of Nests
and Eggs in sets. Send for list of this lot be-
fore Ihev are all gone, if you wish sets with
the original ucst. W. F. WEBB.Mgr, Albion,
N. Y.

SMALL ATLANTIC SIARS.-Fino lot at
2.'ie. dozen net. Beautifully prepared. W. F.
WEBB. Mgr, Albion. N. Y.

JAMES P. BABBITT,

Wholesale and Retail Di-aler in

Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird
Skins, EgRS and Publications,

TAUNTON, MASS.

Our larnf monthly biilleilii of .Skliut, Eggs. «?tc. free
upon appllc-itlnn.

98

THE MUSEUM.

Skins.

Marbled Miirlet $3 SO

Ancient Murlet 2 CO

Black Turnstone 1 10

Glaucus-wing Gull 2 20

Horn Puffin _ . 3 20

Violet-green Cormorant 8 8o

Sanderling fiO

Solitary .Sandpiper SO

Wilson's Snipe 60

Black Tern .Si

Short-eared Owl 4S

Snovvflake :10

Rufous Hummingbird _ W

Costas Himimingbird 7s

Yellow. throat 2S

Song Sparrow 18

White-throated ^pa^row 30

Townsend's Junco 1 10

Thurber's .luneo - 1 10

California Chickadee iiu

Mountain Chickadee fiS

Pinion Jay SO

Crissal Thrasher I a.5

White-naped Nuthatch ... 1 10

White-breasted Nuthatch 3.S

Verdin Ill

Least Auklet, .S -js

Richardson's Grouse .'i .so

Franklin's Grouse 'J ni

Grey Ruffed Grouse 3 -.'S

White tailed Ptarmigan 3 5ii

American Go.shawk :■) 00

American Hawk Owl 2 BO

Great Gray Owl . s 00

American Goshawk . n 00

Arctic Horned Owl.. SCO

We.«teiu Horned Owl :5 00

Mammals.

Oppossum .^

Florida Marsh Rabbit

Ermine

Florida Grey Squirrel

Alligator 3 or 4 feet

Box Turtle ...

Florida HuUfrogs

Rattlesnakes. -1 to b feet ..
Yellow-bellied Terrapin..

Otter, half grown

Star-nosed Mol^

Woodchuck (young kits) .

*i :!0
fi)

1)0

2 10

HO

3 00

3 00

65

sn

Common and Sclentiflc names to all.
Orders shipped same day as ret.-eived.

F. A. W. DEAN, Niagara Falls, N.Y.

Pine Grosbeak.

Beautiful Sets with Nests!

Now is your chance tirst come, first served.

Wanted Cocoous of all kind.s. What have
you to offer, and how uiany';'

Offer also luy Standard Price Lists of Amer-
ican and Exotic Lepidoptera, containing
names and prices of over 5000 species of But-
terflies and Molhs. Each List, 1.5c; 25c in
stamps for bolli. ^.'o pottnls. Write at once.

PROF. CARL BRAUN,

NATURALIST.

BANGOR, ME., U. S. A.

OSTRICH EUGS.-Send a $1 bill for a fine
African Ostrich Ege and a year's subscription
to the MrsKu:*!. This is a bargain for .$1.
W. F. WEBB. Mgr , Albion, N.Y,

This is my
Proposition.

Let 111'- Nfiid. for your inspection, charges postpaid.
3S of the Kaiiious Quartz Crystals found at
this place. If this collection of Brilliant Gems pleases
you, kindly send 70 cents only, otherwise return the
collection and it will be O. K. Highest Award at the
World's Fair. Order today. 2to

A. B. CRI>I,

Middlevllle, HerUiiner Co., N. V.

DO YOU WANT LABELS?

1 have 10,000 labels liixl inch, printed in
red on buff bristol card, at 4c per 100 post-
paid. Letter Heads, 35c per 100. Envelopes,
35c per 100. All kinds of labels Send copy
and stamp for pi ices on naturalists' printing
of any kind. 1). H. I-:AT0N,

\^'oburn, Mass

Pearl Shells and
Novelties.

Siuh as Shell Pnrses. Shell Boxes. Vine-
grettes, Pearl Penholders, Pearl Inlisfauds
made from Abilone Shell, Pearl Napkin llings.
Pearl .Match Safes, Pearl Shell Spoons (-.'2
different styles), Pearl Lace Pins, (ilove and
Button hooks. Pearl Shirt Waist Sets, Pearl
Ships, Va.ses, Pin Trays and other novelties.
In Shell Bozes such as Handkerchief Boxes,
Work Boxes, many styles Pin Cushions, Fan-
cy Boxes, Lounge, Dressers, Dog Kennel, Hand
Bags, Anchors, Looking Glasses. Hand Mir
rors, Side Boards, Placijues, and dozens other
styles. Everyon ! who has teen these Shell
and Pearl Novelties know they are pretty.
All are imported, and notwithstanding heavy
duty can be sold reasonable. We do not soli-
cit retail trade.

Those meaning business please apply for
wholesale prices on what you expect to buy,
stating what amount vou would probably or-
der at a lime, as $10, $1,';, $2o, $50, $100, etc.
Address, W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

]]^Iii'n ansivcriiig advertiseviciits n!-
luays mention THE MUSEUM.

\

WE BUY STAMPS

AND

OLD STAMP GOLLEGTSONS

Send us what you liave with lowest cash
price or we will make you an offer if you
wish. We pay express or postage one way.

DR. J. W. FOWLER,

DUBUQUE, lA,

ii

i

THE MUSEUM

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

Vol. I\"

ALBION, N. Y., MAY 15, 1898.

No. 7

The Sea Anemones of the Atlantic
Coast.

To all frequenters of the sea shore
during the summer months who take
pleasure in seeking and studying the
many wonderful and beautiful inhabi-
tants of the ocean, the modest and
retiring Sea Anemones cannot fail to
offer many attractions; and there are
few marine creatures that can so easily
be reconciled to the narrow limits of
an aiiuarium and so readily become
permanently established in their new
home. Thus they afford us every op-
portunity to study their habits and
structure, and to watch their ever
varying forms and beautiful colors.
But to see tiiein in their perfection
one must visit them in their native
haunts in some cool rock pool over-
hung with projecting ledges and droop-
ing sea weeds, or in some deep grotto
among the shattered cliffs half illumin-
ed by the sun beams which struggle
for entrance through the Coral sea
weeds that hang from the rocky roof
dripping with salt dew. In such favor-
ite retreats the friiigid Sea Anemone,
Mftridium iiiargiiiattim make their
home and rear their numerous fami-
lies, year after year, until every nook
and crevice is fully occupied and e\en
I the entire floor is fully carpeted by
" their soft, delicate tufts of tentacles.
In such localities it is common to see

^l specimens of every variety of hue
■* from pure white, pink, salmon, chest-
nut, orange, yellow and light brown
to dark umber: while others will be
mottled or variously stripped with two
or more colors. These colors, how-
ever, are those of the outer wall of the
body. But the upper part of the body
and the innumerable tentacles have
ighter and more delicate tints, and
this combined with their translucent

texture, gives to the summit of the
body and its broad crown of fine ten-
tacles a peculiarly graceful appear-
ance, which is much increased by the
numerous deep frills into which the
tentacle crowned margin of the disk
is always thrown in the large speci-
mens. The tentacles are also frequent-
ly banded with white. It is always
difficult to decide which specimens
in one of these numerous colonies is
most beautiful when all are so attrac-
tive. But the pure white ones most
frequently suffer for their beauty, and
are borne away in triumph to new
hom^, which perchance, prove in the
end less happy and pleasant to them
than the home of their youth.

The I'ringed Sea .Anemone is not
found exclusively in such places as de-
scribed, but may be found on almost
any rocky or ledgy shore along the
coast of New England, and in fact
from New York to Labrador, snugly
encounced in the 1 crevices between
boulders or on their under surfaces,
wherever there issullicent space to ex-
tend their tentacles and complete
shade from the suns heat. For al-
though these lowly organized.creatures
have no eyes, or e\en nerves, they are
very sensative to strong light, and love
the shade. They may also at times
be found clinging to the piles of
wharves, and on small stones and
shells wholly unprotected. Near Mt.
Desert Island I once saw during a very .
low tide, a large surface of rocky bot-
tom so completely covered by them,
that the foot could not be put down
without crushing many noble speci-
mens. A single stone, the size of a
mans head, taken from this place, was
found to be the residence of si.xty in-
dividuals of all sizes. They some-
times occur at a greater depth than 25

lOO

THE MUSEUM.

fathoms but are frequently found be-
tween high and low water mark, both
in pools and in places where they are
left dry for an hour or more, where
they hang relaxed and flabby until the
tide returns, when they quickly revive.
To remove large specimens of this
species from their favorite rock, with
out serious injury, is no easy matter;
for although they are not permanently
attached but are capable of moving
freely about by gliding along upon
their large, high muscular adhesive
base, yet when disturbed they cling so
closely and firmly to the rock, that
they are very likely to be torn open
upon the base, rather than loosen
their hold. But if the rock be tolera-
bly smooth, by gradually and carefully
starting them up by pushing with the
thumb nail or some dull instrument
against and under the base, they^may
finally be safely removed. If broken
open they will never recover or heal,
though they will usually expand and
appear very well for several days.

In the confinement of an aquarium,
or even in a jar or bowl of sea water,
one of these Actinias will soon make
itself at home, and, fixing itself upon
one side of the vessel by its base, will
expand its feathery plume of tentacles
day after day in search of tiny prey,
and woe to the unlucky creature, be it
animalcule, shell tish, shrimp or fish,
that comes in contact with its crown
of gorgous tentacles armed with myri-
ads of poison-darts, deadly to all
creatures destined to be its prey!
When fully expanded, this species has
a very graceful form which cannot fail
to please any one who has a taste for
the symmetry and beauty of natural
objects. From the slightly expanded
base the body arises in the form of a
tall, smooth column sometimes cylin-
drical, sometimes tapering slightly to
the middle and then enlarging to the
summit. Towards the top of the
column is surrounded by a circular
thickened fold, above which the
character of the surface suddenly
changes, the skin becoming thinner

and translucent, so that' the internal
radiating partitions are visible through
it. This part expands upward toward
the margin, which is folded into
several deep undulations or frills, and
these edges are covered everywhere
by an immense number of fine, slender
crowded tentacles, which also occupy
about half the width of the oval disk
but increase in size and diminish in
number towards the mouth, which oc-
cupies the center of the disk. The
mouth is oval and its lips have numer-
ous folds. It opens directly into the
stomach, which is a simple sack sus-
pended in the center of the body, hav-
ing a small opening in its lower end,
through which the products of diges-
tion are poured into the main cavity
of the body, while the hard or undi-
gested parts of the food, such as shells
bones, etc. , are cast from the mouth.
The whole interior of the body, be-
tween the stomach and exterior, is di-
vided up into an immense number of
narrow chambers, by these muscular
partitions which radiate from the cen-
ter toward the exterior, and are of
various widths, some reaching from
the wall to the stomach and serving
to support it, while others extend only
a little way inward from the outer
wall; each tentacle is hollow and is a
a direct continuation of the radiating
chamber below it, so that there are as
many chambers as tentacles, and of
course twice as many radiating parti-
tions as chambers. The digested food,
mingled with sea water, serves for
blood, and fills all the chambers and
the main cavity of the body below the
stomach; and as there is no heart, the
fluid is put in motion and circulaton
through every part by means of myri-
ads of minute vibrating lashes or cilia,
that cover all parts of the interior sur-
face, and this same surface of soft
membrane has the power of absorbing
such nutritious substances as each or-
gan may require, from the fluid that
bathes it, and also the oxygen con-
tained in the sea water. Indeed it is
probable every part of the surface.

li

THE MUSEUM.

lOI

botli external and internal, has the
power of absorbing oxygen; but it is
reasonable to conclude, that this takes
place most rapidly in the tentacles and
internal membranes where the struc-
ture fs most delicate.

We usually notice, when trying to
remo\e one of these Actinias from its
rock, a large number of white thread
like organs emerging both from the
mouth and minute openings through
the sides of the body. These organs
appear to be for the defense of the
creature, since they are found to be
composed almost entirely of minute
poison-darts or lasso-cells, arranged
side by side, and having a deadly
stinging power when used against
small animals. In fact there are very
few of the predacious marine animals
even not excepting the voracious
fishes, that have the temerity to attack
one of the harmless looking Sea Anem-
ones; for though their darts may not
have sufficient power to kill a large
fish, they will, at least, penetrate the
thin membranes of the mouth and pro-
duce a severe stinging, like that of
nettles. And since these stinging
threads may be thrown out copiously,
and are several inches long, they are
very effectual organs of defense. The
inner ends of the threads are attached
the free edges of the radiating parti-
tions, and the free ends are thrown
out simply by the contractions of the
animal and conse(iuent expulsion of
the fluid contained in its body, which,
as it rushes out of the mouth and
through the loop holes of the sides,
carries with it the thaeads. When the
Actinia is again left in repose, it grad-
ually draws in its stinging threads.
The little poison darts, usually called
lasso-cells which cover both these
threads and the tentacles have a
wonderful structure for organs so mi-
nute. They consist of little vesicles
or cell filled with fluid, and have a
very long, extremely thin tube, coiled
up in the interior. This tube is con-
tinuously with one end of the vesicle
that contains it.so that when the vesi-

cle is compressed or contracted the fluid
forces out the tabular dart by turning
it inside out. as one would turn the
finger of a glove. The slender tube,
when thrust out, is very long, slender
and pointed, and usually curiously and
wonderfully barbed. The nature of
the poison, so deadly to small ani-
mals, which these darts emit when
they penetrate the flesh, is still un-
known; but whatever its nature it
must be very powerful for the quantity
is necessarily excessively small. The
tentacles not only capture and kill the
prey by means of these organs, but by
means of the darts, that thus pene-
trate in large numbers, they hold it
firmly until conveyed from the tenta-
cles to the mouth. Among our native
Sea Anemones there are no species
that have darts powerful enough to
sting the hand, through some species
like the star anemone, will often ad-
here so firmly, if its tentacles be
touched by the finger that it may be
lifted from the water before it will
loosen its hold. This adherence is
doubtless due to the many lasso cells
ihat partially penetrate the epidermis
or outer layer of the skin, but have
not power to enter far enough to
reace the sensative portion. But the
common, large, red Jelly-fish (Cyaiica
arctica) has similar poison darts cover-
ing its long, floating, thread like tenta-
cles, which are powerful enough to
penetrate the human skin, and sting
far more powerfully than nettles. And
among the coral-roofs of Florida and
the West Indies there are corals {Mil-
Icpora) w-hich, unlike most corals,
have animals belonging to the same
class with the Jelly-fishes, on their
tentacles have poison darts, which ac-
cording to the observations of Prof.
Hartt, sting the parts of the hand
where the skin is most delicate very
severely. The same is true of some
other Hyiiroids, which do not form
coral but grow in mass- like tufts. It
is also said that some of the foreign
Sea Anemones have the same power
of stinging the hands, and especially

102

THE MUSEUM.

those of persons having a deHcate
skin. But certainly no such charge
has ever been brought against our
native species.

The Fringed-anemone makes a very
pleasant pet in confinement, aud if al-
lowed plenty of room and fresh sea
water, will e.xpand almost constantly.
It feeds readily upon the flesh of all
sorts of shell fish &c. , and will not
refush bits of raw beef, and if necessi-
ty compels, it will live for months and
even a year without food; but curious-
ly enough it will continually grow
smaller and smaller, so that a speci-
men at first five or six inches high and
two in diameter, may thus be reduced
to the height of an inch and the di-
ameter of less than half an inch, the
numbers of tentacles and chambers
being proportionately reduced. In fact,
under such circumstances, the animal
seems to undergo a retrograde process,
exactly the reverse of that by which it
originally developed from youth to
maturity.

The ovaries of Actinias, and all
similar animals including the coral-
polyps, are attached to the inner edges
of the radiating partitions below the
scomach and are filled with immense
numbers of eggs, which are discharged
when mature directly into the fiuid
filling the body, and then are either
discharged very soon from the mouth,
or are retained for a longer or shorter
time until they are hatched into mina-
ture Actinias, which are discharged in
different stages of development and cf
various sizes; but however small they
may be, they are perfectly competent
to take care of themselves from the
start. The Fringed-anemone, and
some other kinds when they remove
from places where they have long been
stationary are liable to tetr off and
leave behind them little fragments
from the edge of the base, but every
one of these fragments will in a few
days develope a little mouth and a
row of tentacles around it and will
soon become a perfect little Actinia,
differing only in size from the parent.

The same effect may be (jbtained at
will by cutting off little portions from
the edge of the base with a sharp
knife. This process is evidently ana-
logous to the wonderful powers of res-
toration and development of mutilated
and lost parts, .'^o well known by ex-
periments upon the fresh water Hydra
and other low animals, some of which
may be cut up in every direction into
many pieces, and each part will still
restore all the parts that are lacking.
It has, also, some analogy to the pro-
cess of budding so common among the
coral-polyps.

(To be concluded in June number.)

Galapagos Islands.

Part of a letter recently received
from "Mr. F. P. Drowne, who was a
member of the Rothchild Expedition:

The Galapagos islands, which were
visited by our party, are about Goo-
miles west of Ecuador, and lie nearly
on the equator, the extreme islands
being about lOO miles north and loo
miles south of the line. They are of
volcanic origin and volcanic action has
been so recent that a large portion of
the islands consists of barren low
fields.

Vegetation is limited and little is
found of a really tropical nature ex-
cept on the tops of some of the peaks,
the tallest of which reach an altitude
of some 4000 feet. The lowlands are
covered, in places, with a thick growth
of cacti and dry brush, which, com-
bined with the rough walkuig over
lava, made collecting difficult

With such a limited vegetation one
cannot expect to find a very large as-
sortment of birds nor did we. The
land birds with a few exceptions were
plainly colored, belonging principally
to the families Gcospi::a\ Camai-
hyncli, Miviida-, and Pyrocep/iali, the
members of each family differing from
one another chiefly in measurements
of bill and tarsus.

The lameness of the large sea birds
(boobys, albatross, frigate birds, etc ,

THH MUSEUM

103

breeii there in thousands i was re-
rnarkahle. Probably they h.-ul never
before been disturbed by man. We
collected a great many of our speci-
mens with sticks and could have
caii°;ht them in our hands had we so
desired.

We had (]uick trips both ways. 35
days from San Francisco to the is-
lands and 41 days on ths return voy-
age where we encountered a great
deal of bad weather. No one was
seriously sick on the trip although
••yours truly" had a terrible struggle
with Neptune soon after leaving port.
Over 3000 bird skins, about 65 large
tortoise and a mass of miscellaneous
material was secured.

Notes on tlie Taking of an Egg of
ttie California Condor.

We have recently received a line
egg of the California Condor from one
of our California correspondents and
thinking a short description of the
finding of the egg would be of interest
to our readers, we copy from his let-
ter:

••The egg was found on the 29th
day of April, 1S97, and was fresh.
For some time I had noticed a pair of
Condor sailing around a certain canon
near my home and felt sure they had
a nest somewhere in the vicinity.
Several trips were made exploring the
different cliffs but for a long time I
was unable to locate where the nest
was. Finally, 1 made up my mind that
a certain cliff, ovet 300 feet high, in
which were one or two caves that I
could see, must contain the egg. To
climb the cliff was impoesible, but
by climbing as near the top as possi-
ble, from adjoining c.iffs, and watch-
ing the action of the male, I felt cer-
tain that the female was somewhere
in the hidden recesses below. I pro-
cure.I a liberal supply of rope and after
getting as near the top as possible, I
fastened one end of the rope to a
heavy stick and placed it solidly be-
tween two rocks, then by going down

the rope hand over hand for forty feet,
I was able to touch a ledge where I
could walk along for some distance.
While going down I was agreeably
surprised to see the female bird fly out
and past me from a certain recess in
the rock. After touching the ledge I
walked some little distance and found
the egg neatly hidden in a cave of rock.
This cave was twenty feet high, the
bottom covered with loose stones,
gravel and some sticks, but no ar-
rangement of a nest was made, and I
atn inclined to think that the sticks
were not carried there, but had fallen
from time to time from an adjoining
pine tree which grew near the mouth
of the entrance and completely hid
the rove from view. I had no idea
there was a cove there until I went
down the rope.

After securing the egg and carefully
packing it in a bo.\ which I tied over
my shoulder, I started the ascent of
the rope. Anyone who has attempted
to climb by a single rope for forty
feet, knows what kind of a job 1 had
on hand, but after hard work, suc-
ceeded and reached the top and then
made my way carefully to terra firma.
It was the hardest piece of work I
ever tackled to secure a single bird's
egg, but I felt repaid after all. If I
ever make the climb again I shall pro-
vide myself with a rope ladder and
make the ascent a little easier.

These birds used to be very com-
mon in the mountains, but for some
years past one seldom sees a bird,
and the job of finding a nest will wear
one's patience out. In this case above
described it was by the merest acci-
dent that I found the birds, as I have
hunted many times for them.

If any of my brother collectors find
a nest of this rare bird I should like to
see a short description of the find in
the Museum. My egg was secured in
Santa Barbara county, California.

I04

THE MUSEUM.

THE MUSEUM.

A Monthly Magazine devoted to Ornithology,

Oology, MoUusca, Echinodermata,

Mineralogy and Allied

Sciences.

Walter F. Webb, Editor and Manager
Albion, N. Y.

Correspondence and Items of Interest on above top-
ics, as well as notes on the various Museums of the
World— views from same, discoveries relative to the
handling and keeping of Natural History material,
descriptive habits of varlour, species, are solicited
from all.

Make articles as brief as possible and as free from
technical terms as the subjects will allow. All letters
will be promptly answered.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Single Subscription Jl.OO per annum

Sample Copies - 10c each

ADVERTISING RATES.

5 cents per Nonpareil line each Insertion, Twelve
lines to the inch.

Cash must accompany all orders.

Remittances should be made by Draft, Express or
Post Office Order or Registered Letter.

Unused U. S. Postage Stamps of any denomination
accepted for small amounts.

MUSEUM PUB. CO..

ALBION, ORLEANS CO., N.Y.

Entered at Albion poet-office as second-class mail matter

Sea Horses.

The remarkable Order, called by
naturalists LopIiobraiicJis, differ from
all other Orders by curious distinctions.
They differ from the fish in the pecul

ill

iar structure of the
which the gills are
tufts on each side of the
the "cheek" bones or

arranged

arches, by
in little
head under
gill covers.

Hence the name Lophobranch which
is derived from the Greek, signifying
tiift-gillcd. But perhaps more curious
is that distinction drawn from their
mode of reproduction ; a trait so strange
as to suggest the seemingly abnormal
habits of the Marsupial, — the Opossum
and the Kangaroo, — although the ec-
centricity of the fish is far greater than
that of the land Marsupial; for, in the
latter, it is the female whose pouch
receives the immature young, and
which are therein nourished to com-
plete their development. The parent-
al relation of the female Lophobranch,
however, is restricted to the simple

emission of the unimpregnated eggs.
Beyond this, maternity she has none.
The male is really and literally father
and mother to the progeny; and so far
as the reproductive instincts are con-
cerned, it would seem that the female
manifestation is summed up and ex-
hausted in the one solitary and singul-
ar act of a formal consignment of the
ova to the embryonal sack of the
male.

There are many species of the Lop-
hobranch but they are all referable to
to three principal groups, of which the
Flying Dragon [Pegasus), the Sea
Horse [Hippocampns) and the Pipe
Fish {Syiignathns) are types. The
following observations were made up-
on the Hippocampus hiidsoniiis, De
Kay, or the common Sea Horse of the
Atlantic Coast of the U. S.

For many years I had been studying
the Sea Horse as opportunity occurred
but owing to difficulties to tedius to
detail, nothing like gratifying success
was attained until one day, a weter-
man brought me two full grown ones
and to my joy they proved to be
"gravid" males. Alas! my oft re-
peated experience returned; for owing
to the shock produced by the ordeal
of acclimation, they began to involun-
tarily emit their young. None but a
working naturalist can appreciate the
anxiety I then suffered. The next
day one of my hypos died, having from
debility set free all its immature
young, which were sufficiently devel-
oped to indicate plainly their family
relation. My estimate was that they
were twelve day embryos, f now re-
doubled my efforts to invigorate and
save the remaining adult, by solicitous-
ly watching every circumstance of
temperature, aration and light. In
spite of all, the emission of the young
went on, until instinct prompted by
increasing debility, led the parent to
expel the rest by voluntary effort.
Hou' this was done was a great point
gained. Except a few floating fronds
of Ulva, other than the fish, there
was no object in the water. And

THE MUSEUM.

105

here the structure of the Sea Horse's
tail must be borne, in mind, so unlike
that of any other fish, covered with
an envelope consisting of bony scales;
four sided, and sugjijesting a small
square tile; in faculty, prehensile like
that of some monkeys, and of consid-
erable length. Binding this append-
age upward like an inverted crook,
thus imparting to it muscular rigidity
the animal pressed it against the bot-
tom of the embryonal pouch, which
occupied the lower part of the abdo-
men thus pushing its contents upwards,
and forcing them out of the opening
on the top of the sack; the creature all
the time sustaining its normal, erect
position in the water. The extruded
young immediately perished. Reliev-
ed of his charge my hippo soon recov-
ered strength, and became for several
months an interesting pet.

On the Sth of September fortune
smiled and brought me another
"graved" male Hippocampus. This
also, under the weakening effect of
acclimation, began excluding the young
and emitted a full dozen. Circum-
stances favoring and profiting by a
varied experience, I was enabled to
carry my new Hippo safely through
the dreaded ordeal. Most anxiously
was he watched day by day. To my
astonishment no enlargement of the
embryonal sack could be detected. I
supposed that as the young increased
in size, the distension of the pouch
would go on equally. Again my ap-
prehensions was aroused, for I feared
all were dead.

September 2 1 St proved a red-letter
day. Near noon I observed three
young Sea Horses swimming about.
They had just made their ilcbut. \'ery
minute creatures they were; but, to
my great joy, nearly perfect. From
that hour the Patcr-jiiater kept busy
setting his progeny adrift. At the bot-
tom of the vessel was a broken winkle
shell, put there for the attachment of
the animal's tail, when fatigued by
swimming, as the Sea Horse is very
easily tired, and this, monkey like, is its

Sea Horse.

favorite mode of taking rest. The
Winkle afforded real help in the labor
of extruding the young, which is in no
sense a parturient process, but on the
contrary is entirely mechanical, and
in the present case was effected in the
following manner: With its abdomen
turned toward the shell, its tail attach-
ed to the under part of it, the body
erected to its full height, the animal
by a contractile exertion of the proper
muscks would draw itself downwards
and against the shell, thus rubbing the
pouch upward, and in this simple yet
effective way, expelled the fry at the
opening on top of the sack. It was
said above that the Sea Horse is soon
wearied, with even moderate exertion;
hence, probably, it was, that these re-
peated aets were each followed by a
few minutes of rest. Indeed the ex-
trusion of its young lasted for nearly
six hours, from three to six individuals
being set free at a time.

The scene that followed was one of
singular and lively interest. I was
nervous with delight and wished that

io6

THE MUSEUM.

every naturalist could see it for him
self. I am sure there is no student of
nature but will excuse the enthusiasm
which prompted me to write at once
to a friend, that "he must set the min-
ister down as a horse- jockey, on being
informed that he was now the proud
possessor of the most numerous drove
of colts ever owned by one man tlie
world over." Using my best judg-
ment, for owing to the mazy motion
of this tiny throng, counting was out
of the question, I set the number
down as not far from one thousand.
Each measured from five to six lines
in length. Very minute creatures,
surely, when one considers how large
portion is taken up by the tail, whicii
oigan was of but little more than
thread like dimensions. W'e might
suppose it would require a few da\s
for the young Hippo to find out the
remarkable monkey-like endowment of
the tail. Not so, only look at what
my own eyes beheld many a time,
when a "stampede" of these little
colts was going on, although they
were but one day old. There came
two little Hippos, each swimming at a
direction of right angles to that of the
other. Just at the point of passing,
one lasso-like, whips his caudal ex-
tremity round that of his fellow, who
of course in like manner, returns the
caudal compliment, which to speak
technically, acts as a "double lock. '
Of course both pull, and by a natural
law, the force is exerted in exactly op-
posite directions, and the right angel
is resolved into a straight line. It is
but poor head-way they make, nor
does it mend the matter much, that a
third little fellow comes giddily on, and
switching his tail, takes a hitch at that
precise point in space where the other
two met. Now a triple force is exert-
ed, and the effect is, with two straight
lines, to project three obtuse angles.
And so the three toiled on, obtusely la-
boring /'// stata quo. But a droller
sight is that of yonder juvenile Lopho-
brancli, who seems to be of somewhat
beligerent pfoclivites as he is leading

by the nose a weaker member of his
own species, having with his caudal
extremity noosed him on the snout.
These funny antics though oft repeat-
ed, are of short duration, as the par-
ties soon have to rest from sheer ex-
haustion.

On the fifth of October the last of
my little Hippos died.

In the matter of foetal sustenance,
I find a remarkable marsupial analogy
in the Hippocampus. The pouch of
the Kangaroo and the Opossum con-
tains teats with which, by true lacta-
tion, the }oung are nourished until
fully formed. Nor is the embryonal
sack of the Sea Horse a mere recep-
tacle ( r nest, for the hatching of the
eggs, the fish does in and by the
pouch, supply nourishment to the
growing young. The mass of fry on
the day of its extrasion is certainly in
bulk several times greater than that of
the original egg mass. We know that
the bear during hibernation lives upon
the fat acquired the previous season.
During a journey that requires abstin-
ence from food, the well conditioned
camel will subsist on the absorption of
its fatted hump. The tail of the frog,
which has just completed its last met-
amorphosis, does not pass off by
atrophy, but is really a wise provision
for the creature's support by absorp-
tion, during the few days which con-
stitute the most critical portion of its
life.

This fact I have demonstrated else-
where by observation from the spawn
to maturity. But in these and similar
cases, the animal is simply nourished
by some superabundance in itself.
Ruling out lactation, and the placen-
tial phenomena of gestation, is there
any instance in which, as a normal
fact, the young feeds upon the parent.'
This fact, seemingly so anamalous, I
assert for the Hippocampus, although
its physiology. I may not be able ta
explain The male Sea Horse not
only hatches the eggs, in the embry-
onal pouch, but also feeds the young,
by allowing them to absorb a portion

M

THE MUSEUM.

107

of its self. Tins is done (Jiirinp; the
embryos consumption of the placental
yolk, and also especially and more
rapidly, after that source of food is all
exhausted. 0{ course, upon receivinjj
the ova, the pouch might be supposed
to be considerably extended. This
distension is really very trifling. And
during the development, the enlarging
of the sack might be e.xpected: but it
is inappreciable. At the time of re-
ceiving the spawn the wall of the
pouch is less than three lines thick,
and well stored internally with fat.
At the time of e.xpulsion of developed
fr\' this sack is not half a line thick
and hangs flaccid on the animal, a
mere thin membrane. In due lime
it becomes again thick, tirm and fat as
before, and in such a state has been
mistaken by me for a gravid condition.
This interesting fact of a true marsup-
ial nourishment, and of so uni(|ue a
character, although suspected, was
not accepted, until established by dis-
section, and observation of a male
that had gone through the course de-
scribed. Moreover, I believe in part
may be thus explained the impulse to
that forcible eviction of the immature
young, which has been already de-
scribed. The debility caused by the
consumption of the parent, together
with the weakening of acclimation,
seems to have impelled the act.

But with the exclusion of the young,
the marsupial likeness stops in the
•Sea Horse, although the young pipe-
fiihe; are said to re-enter the pouch
on finding themselves in danger. It
is my belief that with the Sea Horse
the termination of developments is the
end of their solicitude for the young.

The Sea Horse, when taken fresh
from its native home, though almost
laughably grotesque is a very pretty
creature. Its general color, is ashen
gray; at first glance, an exceedingly
sober suit. But if examined more
closely, it will be found thickly stud-
ded with tiny spangles of metallic sil-
ver. Add to this its rich armiture of
uaintly carved tail plated, like a coat

of mail, its body almost perfectly
erect, and bent forward, it looks like
the steed of a knight-errant in quest
of adventure^ and those pretty, golden,
yet (jueer little eyes, chameleon like,
independent of each other, mtently
ga^e two ways at once. Then as to
that dorsal fin, in oddity and beauty it
has no competer among its ichthyic
rivals, so tastily fringed with a neat
border of delicate yellow, precisely
like the yellow tipping of the tail of
the Cedar-bird. In truth, this dorsal
lin is cruelly libeled in every engraving
we have seen. It nature it is an ex-
(jui^ite fan, in form, size and orna-
ment, worthy the hand of Oueen Mab.
In fine, as we look at his equine ap-
pearance, and think of his monkey
faculty, and his oppossum traits, and
queer blending of innocent oddity
with patriarchal dignity, we have to
accept the old fisherman's proverb,
' There is nothing on the land that is
not in the sea."

MINERALS!

We have the following iinaeiiils we will sell
by the poiiml. Orders go best by freight.
Prices are net.

PKK I.H

Uiotile, CaDaila $ 10

Calfite in Crystals, Colo 10

Cannel Coal, Ky 05

Cffalcopyrite. Colo 05

Chali'ettony, Fla 10

Copper, Native Lake Superior 25

Co<|uinia, Fla 0,%

Dolomite, N. Y 05

(Jalena. Colo 05

Garnets ill Hock, N. H 05

(ioUl Ore, So. Dak 05

Gypsum. Mich 05

Saliu Spar, Edj» 15

Hcniaiite, N. Y 04

Induralcil Clay, Mo 05

Limonite, Me 05

Mrigneiite, Ark.. , 05

Mica, Curved, Mass 05

Ony.x, massive, Mex 05

" sawed in slabs, Mex 10

Otlhoclase. Mass 05

Pelriliod Wood, Mont 10

Pyritc", Colo 05

Pori'elainitc. Mont 05

PyroluhitP. N. S 05

Qiiariz .Milky. Colo 05

Tourmaline, Me 05.

All can-fully laholled and packed.

W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

io8

THE MUSEUNr.

F, A, W. DEAN, Naturalist and Taxidermist,

DEALER

Minerals, Shells, Fossils, Corals, Echinoderms, Eggs, Skins,

Land and Marine Curios and Souvenirs.

37-39 FALLS ST., NIAGARA FALLS, N. Y.

Fine Minerals.

Azurite ¥

Asbestos

Agatized Wood _

Barlte ^

Buhrstone

Calcite Geode

Massive

Orj'olite

Cinnabar

Oatllnite

Dendrite

Dolomite

Electric Stone

Fluor Spar

Satin Spar

Opalized Wood

Petrified Wood

Magnesite .

Natrolite

Obsidian -

Selenlte

Stream Tin

Gold Ore

Garnets

Jasper

Stalactite

SilUmanlte

Rose Quartz

Smoky Quartz

Geode Quartz

Rubelite '

Lepidolite

Pyrites

Milky (.Quartz

Gi-ee'n Ft-Ulspar

Native Sulphur

Talc

Mexican Opal

Onyx -

Malachite

Shells.

10to$
OS
Co
05

as

03
05
05
10
05
03
03
03
05
05
03
05
Oft
05
Of.
K>
05
05
05
03
05
05
05
05
05
O)
05
05
05
05
10
05
10
05
10

1 oa

50

1 (10

50

I 00

25

50

1 00

1 50

1 00

1 OU

1 50

1 50

1 50

1 OO

50

50

1 DO

60

50

50

50

1 00

2 00
1 511

1 Ui
5 00

3 00

2 0O
1 OO
1 00

1 OO

2 00
1 00

25
I 00
1 CO

Crystals.

15

15
10

1 00
1 00
1 50

1 (10

I 00

1 U(l

1 01)

33
75
10
03

Amazon Stone S 03 to S

Amethyst 10

Calcite 05

Cyanite 05

Dolomite 05

Feldspar 05

Fluor Spar 03

Needle Tourmaline (i3

Garnets 03

Quartz lu

Fossils.

Trilobites '. - * 13 to $

Scaphites

Pentremites

Athyris Spiriteroides

Sea Urchin

Screws ■-■

Large lot of Museum slabs for sale cheap.

Echinoderms.

Serpent Starfish $ 10 to % 23

Brittle Starfish 10 23

Lower California Starflish S!5 50

Asterlas Vulgaris 10 23

Forbesii _ 10 35

Nidorella Armata - _ 25 50

HeliasterKubiugli 33 100

Blaclt Starfish 25 50

Mammoth Starfish 50 100

Club-spine Urchin 25 73

Purple Urchin ■_ 13 25

Sea Biscuit 25 50

Phillipine Urchin 25 50

Sand Dollar _ 05 13

Encope, California 25 '^

Key Hole Urchin 15 23

.Sea Gopher 25 50

'■ Beaver 35 50

Paper Nautilus SI

Pearly Nautilus _ 1

\Vhite Murex

Rose Murex -

Pinlt Murex

Blaclt Murex

Rooli Murex

African Murex

Trumpet Shell

Triton 1

Crown Volute

Mitre

Foxhead

Harp Shell

Marllnspllie

Marbled Cone

Lettered Cone

Doited Cone

Silver Lip

Spider Shell

Hooked Scorpion

Scorpion

Angle Wing

Mother of Pearl -

50 toS
00
lU
23

as

25
10
.50
.50
25
20
10
20
1ft
10
10
13
03
10
15
25
25
15

5 60
2 .50
1 50
1 00
1 00
75
33

1 00
5 00

2 00
2 00

.30
SO

to

50
«
50
15
15
23
50
75
35
t OO

Corals.

Pink
Red
Yellow
Rose..

03 to a

05
03

re

Propeller 15

Plate 35

Head 60

Brain 75

Forking 15

Mushroon 25

Eye 05

Precious

Corallne „

Organpipe 10

Marine Curios.

Hammerhead Shark's Egg

Nurse Shark's Egg

Acorn Barnacles $

Sea Anemones _

" Cucumber

Stiulds

Goose Barnacles

Alligator, 12 inches

Sea Horses, good

imperfect

Hermit Crab in Shell

Shark's EggS-- _.

Devil Fish Eggs

Porcupine Fish

Cray Fish

Tortoise .Shells :

Tarantula _

Trap-door Spider

Cassia Bean, pkg

Black-eyed Susan, iJkg

Horned Toads

Gray, Black, Yellow and Brown-banded

Sea Beans, each. _

Liver Beans

Sea Beans, In pod

■Views of Niagara

Ster<isi-f)plc Views of Niagara, doz

Satin Spar Novelties

Eggs.

Many sets and singles at a very low figure.

Addilional list c n page 9S.

.30
20
25
3ft
7.3

2 00
5 00

10 00
1 CO
f.O
50
10
10

3 00

«0

03

50

50

60

ro

75

03

50

1 50

35

15

2,3

10

13

73

:i 00

III

23

11(1

10 00

S.".

1 00

30

10

1(1

31)

03

03

05

lU

15

10

ft 00

2 00

lu

1 00

I

THE MUSEUM.

109

FOSSII^SI

\Vi' ulVfi- llit> foMowitiR liue f.>ssiU for >:il(' :il lliu Imv piicts ;iiuiexeil. All will be picpaid
on ifct'ipt of \n\cf. aint auy will bo -eiit cm .ipiMoviil, if desired. Where sent on iipproviil pur-
(■hau'r must pny Kxpiess ehiirgt.s Send ymii- nidcTs in at ouce. Teachers who want small as-
sortments of fossils will hero lind just « hat the.v want. In ordering please name a few siibsti-
tules if possible, so if we should be out, of iinv w>:i call for. we can put in others and lill your
order complete.

Address all orders to

WALTER r. WEBB, Mgr., ALBION, N. Y.

FOSSIL SHELLS.

Atailopor. 11a ortonl

. 20

Orthl3 blforata

...% or>

Astylo.^pon^iia praenorsa

.. 10

lyni

.... 10

ZyKosplra miHlestii

1 1.1

\ nntixeiul

.... (W

Conlatltes ixlon

:r.

'■ ooddontalls

10

Prodiictella arcMi:ii:i
Muri-bl'^onl:i peraiiKUhita

in

mulllseota

(M

OS

pecosi

m

lii-ata

.. O'l

sutjelllptica .

OS

Sltmialopora frnudosa

IS

... o«

InHata

lipyrlchla otulifera

PetlKoporo petPchtalU

IS

thelmei

.. OS

IS

■ rtabellltes

... I.i

. as

liybrlda

... '6

Streptorhynchus siileatum

OS

varlca

.. 05

Protiire.i velu^ta

10

splrlfer peculiaris

... 16

.. a)

... .TO

FOSSIL COKALS.
Favocites oividentalls

grlmesU

. 30

raarlonensls

.. 10

nlanart'nsis

l.S

I'anieratus

10

VPIlllstUS

15

hirta

10

mnii.Ui^

15

I\entni'lileiisis

Oft

eolilfussi

.. 10

mucronatns

IS

nlti-lla

15

medlalls

10

HainlltoDlao

10

lineata

(ri
.. 10

M()nilouUpi>ni mainmulata .. .

. 15

IVmanierous cale.itus

dalel

.. as

I'enlamerella papllllonensU .

.. 0.)

ulrlchl

.. 05

Strophodonta lne<iulstrlata ..

... 10

frondosa

.. 10

demis.sa

... 15

petasiformis ..

.. as

coDcara

... 3)

selwynl

. 10

Strophomeoa alt«niata

.. 15

."Ubpulchella ...

.. 10

rbomboldalls

l.i

ramosa

05

subtenta

. . 10

ADdre\v.sll

.. 05

ebonites mesaloba

... lis

dpclplens |,..

.. OS

... 15

Syrlnir^poiii vertlclllata

Mlchellniapxp.ir.sa

10

eranullfera

laevls

. lU

.. 10

.. 05

sivlopora

.. IS

Tropldoleptus earlnatiis

C'yclomena bilex

10
IS

HellolltPs InliTstinctus

.. 10

Plasinopora t'li'Kans .

. 10

Aulopora arachnoldea

... 10

Halsytesraifnulatus

.. 15

Platyceras e.|ullat«rale

... 10

PtUodlclva pavdDla

.. as

nasutuni

... 10
. IS

Monntrypell.i iiuadrata

Stelllpora anitielaidea

10

ihells

.. as

I-eptena .serloea

as

Stictopoi-a pllbertl

.. 10

transversalls

. OS

Zaplirpntis i-pinnllfora

. 10

subplana

I.S

prollllca

.. 15

Amplexopora dlscoldea

05

Strept«la.snia ornlculuin

. 15

Platystoma niagarenal.s .

15

Lertlporn gorbyl

.. 10

broatlheadl .J

IS

ThPi-ia minoi-

15

tiirblnala

10

Arihropora sbafferl

.. 15

llneatum

IS

Hatostoma Jarne.sl

OS

Ket/.la evax

OS
15

Spatlopora luherculata

10

p<ipana

Chonopbylhim sedallense

21

I'lenrotomarla rotunda

30

Ceraniopora i>hlopn.slR

.. 25

Itys

. 10

Acervularia (lavklsonl

. 8-.

lentli'ularl.s

in

Stromaiopnra ciDcenlrlca

.. 25

turblnirurmi.s

10

AulncophvUurn .sulcatum

.. 40

Mytllarca ovlfonnls

.._ 25

Hellopbyiluin ileeener

.. In

Atr>-pa retlcularl.s

... O'v

Halll

.. 15

Bplrirt*roidea

... 10

Cyslpphylliini anierlcanum

.. 20

Htiynchonella nils.sourensli;

.. 10

Krldophyllum rut'osum

.. 10

venuntula .

10

Trichoplivlus \c!iosuin

.. 10

Strickland!

. 10

Cyathiiplivllnm rin;osnm

II)

neKlecta

.. OS

Treniaiopiira mberculosa

.. 05

Prodnctus coHCanif

Callopora a.sper.ta

Cystlphyllnin turblnatum

K>

loo^ls pinnus

05

. %

nebrasoi'n.sls

IS

Amplcxiis dIstDitus

.. OS

."^emlreth'uhitiMn

io

AlVfDlltPrl llhl-DSUS ..

,. 10

Telllnopsl.>< »unemar>,'lnats

■-•0

Cyathophylliiiii .lolldum

.. 10

AthyrU splriteroldi-s
siibtlllta.

OS
15

CRI. VOIDS. ETC.

hanntbalensl..

'.'5

lUalrnprlmis bnllatus

2S

Maorochellu.s Hrlx-

«>'»

! rl iUKl-*

•-■0

Kxogcr;i arlfilna

! 1

hf-rciilens

. .10

Derbya n.liu>ta

l'>

.irrosus

25

Syrlngcthyrls texiii''

:9)

Ifosldactylu.s , ,

.15

Kiu-lyptopilmis caelatus 20

clitcagoensis . 20

ovalls 15

depressus _ 20

crassus 20

grandls 25

roots of,

tine 2.>

Saccocrinus Infpllx 20

crlstyl

Licbenalia concentrlca 2>

Granatocrlnus roemerl 15

Agelacrinus cluclnnatleuils 15

Pentaraerus ()l)longns 20

Cyathocrlnus mpel<ianu3 20

Dotycrinus gouldl 35

I'entremites pyrlformis 10

godonl 10

Agaricocriniis luberosus 35

GanroLTlnu.s iiealii 25

Platyrrlmis nielissa 25

eboraceum 76

Lyrlocrinus niellspa 25

Stems of crlnold, tine 05

FOSSIL LEAVES.

Anmilaiia inflata 20

longlfolia 60

Ppcopterls nnlta 30

Neuropteria hirsula 25 .^0

Hyuienopliylllles clarlil 40

Fine as.sorled lot of Carboni-
ferous terna from Pa.— nice

specimen 10

12. ditto, mostly different 1 LO

MISCELLANEOUS FOSSILS.
Many tine tilings are listed here.

Haculite.s _ 25

Phacops bufer ; IB

Trigonacarpns nuts 10

Scaphlte.s uodosus 20

Innoceramiis crispl 90

Taonuru.s type _ 15

Oredon culbertsonl Teeth In Jaw

one tooth 10

nilto, two to four teeth 25

Mesohlppus balrdll Teeth In Jan-
one tooth 10

Ditto, two to four teeth 3>

Single teeth, free, of either of

above 05

Mammoth Fish Vertebrae, from

Kansas 25

MaiTopuentes brissoldes 50

Piece .law Hone, with teeth of

shark, all In matrix, good I 25

LlchenocriBus cratorlforrals 15

Batastomella gracilis 20

Cllmacograptus bicoruls 20

typlcalls 30

Crania scaplosa 15

Pasceolus darwlnl 15

TeDt.iculltes rlchmondensls 15

Orthoceras l)yrnesl 25

Uootsof Ilolocystlies 25

f)olHinno;"i!a crlbrlformls .3>

Pletlnea ilemlssa 211

Gyr(«:eras cy clops f-'t

Tjonunis caudagalli Hi

Chonltf'S ornata ... 10

Trlnncleus roncentrii- Is 15

Callopora slglllariodes 10

Ryluichotreta cnneata 10

I.ingiila ciineata 10

no THE MUSEUM.

©T?AMPBi

Brightest Stock. Best Grades. Lowest Prices.

A .30 slumps, all ililT^ieut, >;oiiie CMtiildguiug live cents or more $ 25

B. 30 slanip-i. aU ditfcrrfiit, U. S a'ld Hawaiians.soQie citaloTuing live cents or more. .. 25

C. 4(1 stain |js, all (iit1'iirc)iit, S > and Central Amer.., soim cataloguiua; five cents or more. 50

D. 40 stamps, all dillVrent, U S and Hawaiins, some c.italoguiug live cents or more. . . 50

E. GO stamps, all different, and a 2j cents cellnloiil Grill measurer. 75

F. 7.") stamps, all different, a 2.") cents Grill or Perforation gauge 1 00

G. 100 stamps, all dilTcreiii, 50 of them U. S and Hawaiians 100

H. 220 stamp-: ad dilTerunt. one half dr/ books and 1000 of our best Hinges 1 00

$i PACKET, NO. 1 Si PACKET, NO. 2.

Contains .about, fio Br,ti.sh Coloniuls which catalogue 50 cents or 50 one cent stamps.

over $1.00: -30 otlier foreign tnat will catalogue over I.i.'i vari»^tie=. Uur clieape.st and quickest seller. No

S3.03: and U. S. that will catalogue over K 00. A brft- cheap countries represented but li'i dllTerent .stamps

ter packet for the price has never been offered. from such countries as Hawaii. Brazil, Russia, Great

liritain. African and French Colonies, Portugese.

PACKET NO. 3. Spanish, pic.

50 cents or 50 one cent Stamps., 50c. PACKET NO. 4. 50c.

This isaLiTPLEHUMMEU. IJO varieties froiii the same British Colonies Only,

coimtries as No. i. but hiaher priced stamps. You cm This packet should please any one. It contains tiU

put 50 in a collection and trade or sell the balance for diiTereut British and British Colonies, such as the

more than it cost you. Cauadas, Queensland, Trinidad. Cyprus, Jamaica,

Western Australia. New Zealand, Tasmania. New

SS PACKET No. 5. S5 South Wales. Cape of Uood Ho;ie, Mauritius. British

A Fine .Start for a Collection of U. S. Stamps. > . . .

The unused T'. S. Stamps alone catalogue over on-- S I O, PACKET NO. lO. S'O

half the price of the packet. The 1 lUO varieties— all different— put up by countries

The used stamps calalogua over SIO 00. in separate enveloijes and enclosed in one packet, a

It contains stamps from Issues of 1847, 18.)1, 1S57, IStU. collection in itself. This is a packet that is useful to

1888, 181)9 and so on up to 1891, stamps from the de- a small dealer as well as to a collector. It contains a

partments and a number of scarcer envelopes. This wide range of stamps, includiug many verj^ scarce and

packet is a bargain. ,• . - desirable stamps. This is an exceptional offer and we

expect this to win us many future customers.

Our I'ACKErs are not fall of tr.\sii Bar contain (;ooi) stamps The stamps in each packet
which we are now sending ivU are all DiFFEitEi>jT. Some'hing collectors have been looking
for. VVe send out approval books at 50 to To per c^nt. olf These are arranged by countries
and are so coavenieat that losi of timj and heidacliBj are avoided.

We buy stamps and olil collections for cash. Send whatever you have, including dupli-
cates, stating price asked. We exchange stamps also. You must send us stamps cataloguing
over 3 cents fur which we will allow oue-thirtl catalogue price. We will then send our ap-
proval books from which you select stamps at our ligures which are 50 to To par cent, off cat-
alogue prices This is something no other stamp lirm will do.

Our Motto; "Small prolits and quick returns make a profitable business."

THE RETURN MAIL STAMP CO.

DUBUQUE, IOWA,

P. S. — \eediiijj anything like tlie following at the present time?

Jp/jroc'// CooA* for your duplicates and mail orders. Tha only convenient, safe and
at.ylish way <>( mounting stamps.

Our Red Cross Approval Book holds 60 stamps and tits a No. (> envelope. These are of
■Superior paper.

I'erlornting Oaiig..', the most useful assistant to a Stamp Collector, 2) cents.

Slimp Tong^, 50 cants-. Surcharge Measurer, $1.00 Magnifying Ola.ises, Sl.CO.

Qrill Measurer, for Embossed Stamps, accurate, something needed if you collect of S2ll U.
S., 3") cents.

Gummed lli'igef, 10 cts. per 1,000 or 25 cts. per 3,000. No mucilage hutjinre gum Arabic.

I

THE MUSEUM

I 1 1

FINE SETS OF EGGS.

We olTer llie followiug Hue sets egg--* :it prices na mil. Willi an <inler of $3.00 or over and
■Qo aililitioual we will send a Hue African Osliich Kjfp; or wilh a $5.00 order will send one
absolutely free, prepaiil by mail. Order (piiik

TKK k;(;.

K;./or bill Auk. l-l Klo

Miirre. 11 10

I'alif Murro, 1-1 10

Noddv Teru, 11 15

Soot v" Tern, 11 12

t'liachalaca. 1 3, 1-4 r.>

Calif Gull. 15 II

Western (inll. 1-2. 1 3 \i

American Herring (Jull. 1-3 10

Karcd Grebe. 1-7, 1 y, 110 05

White Ibis. 1-3 10

American Eider, 1-4. 1 'i \i

Uoval 'Jern. 1-2 Jit

.Ma'llard. 1 7 10

I'iutail. 1-7 ^•i

Uedlicad. l-U. 1-5 ..' 12

Canvas back, 1-4 3U

Common 'rern. 1-2 (15

Harris Hawk. 13 20

(ircat Blue Heron, 15 ■. . . .15

Snow V Heron. 14 OS

Little" Blue Heron, 15 05

King Kail. 1-7 08

Araer. Crow. 1-5 04

Short-eared Owl. 13 .30

Leach Petrel, 1-1 10

Black Guillemot. 1-2 10

White-wing Dove, 1-2 tti

Mourning Dove, 1-2 02

Redbill I'igeon, 1-1 20

(tra,ssi)uit. 1-3 35

Robin. 14 02

Redwing Blackbird. 1-5 Oi

Catbird. 14 Oi

Barn Swallow, 14 02

ClilT Swallow, 1-4 Oi

Song Sparrow. 1-5 02

Knglish Blackbird, 1-4 03

English Jackdaw, 1 5 <5

English (Jreen-Hnch, 10.... 03

Black-head Grosbeak, 1-3 07

Baltimore Oriole, 1-5 05

r.urple (irackle, 15 04

Brou/.ed (iracklc. 1-5 <M

ttrcat-lail (jrackle. 1-4 00

Boat tail Gr.ackle. 1-4 00

Ark Gold tiDcb. 1-4 05

Towh<e. 13 05

Cardinal. 1-3 01

(■ri>-lail Cardin;il. 1 3 15

lir<i« M Thraslier, 1-4 20

Long lail Chat, 14 06

Yellow-lirea.'-t Chat. 13 05

Yellow Warbler. 1-4 03

Calif Towhie 1-4 04

Aiitiis Tow let'. 13 20

Ilei r S«)ng Spairow.H 3 05

Mocker. 1-4 03

Curve-bill Thrasher, 1-4 08

Sennelt's Thrasher. 14 08

Anieiican Kedstarl, 1-4 04

llo.«c breast (iroslii'ak, 1-4 ....:.. ^. ■, .07

Me:i<low Lark. 1 C, 04

Calif lUish Tit, 1-5 08

West llduse VN ren, 1-0.. \ 03

Bairds Wren, 1-5.... ■. 00

Calif Thrasher, 1-3 '. 10

Wood 1 hrii^h, 14 05

Some Nice Set.s with Nests.

IMUCE PER .SET.

Brovv n Thrasher, n 4 25c

Indigo Bird, n-3. 25

Sorg Sparrow, n-4 25

Sca-iidi' Sparrow, n-5 50

Wilson's Till iish. n 4 40

Marv. Yellow-throat, n-5 50

Chickadee, n 4 85

Red wing IJlackbird, n-4 25

Cl.iiipint; Sparrow, n-4 20

C( dar \\';ix-wing. n 4 25

Y'ellow Warbler, n-4 25

Phadie, m-5 35

Red c.^ e Vireo. n 2 and Cowbird 25

(iras.'-^liopper Sjiarrow. n 4 50

House Wren, n-7 35

Yellow-lhroat Vireo, n 3 35

Red eye Vico. n-3 80

While throated Sparrow, n 3 40

Least Klycat( her, n 4 30

Barn Swallow, n 4 30

Slale colored Junco, n-3 and 2 Cowbird's. . .50

Whilcl elliid Swallow, n-4 40

lilack-lhroatcd (ireen Warbler, n-4 1 OO

Rose lireasttil Grosbeak, n 4 40

Blue Jay. n-4 30

Kingbird, n-4 35

I'urple Kinch. n-5 50

Btink Swallow, n 4 30

W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

112 THE MUSEUM.

A New Shell

Collection!

We have just purchased a fine Chicago Collec-
tion of Shells and have placed same on sale. We
are sending them out daily on approval to customers
from California to Europe. If you want really nice
shells write us now We cannot list them here.
March Museum orave vou a little idea of some of
the good things we have got. Let us hear from you
at once outlining some you might be mterested in
and we will forward box for examination.

W. F. WEBB, MGR., ALBION, N. Y.

POPULvAR SOIENGR

NTI> "VlT t — ^ NATURE, INVENTION, ARCH/liOLOGY, ELECTRICITY,
r^V YV W? CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, HYGIENE, MEDICINE, HEALTH.

Formerly BOSTON JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY.

ENLARGED and IMPROVED.

This popular monthly contains a large number of Short, Easy, Practical, Interesting and
Popular, Scientific articles, that can 1)6 Appreciated and Eojoyed by any intelligent reader,
even though he knew little or nothing of Science, It is intended to interest those who think.

Profusely Illustrated. Free from Technicalities.

Entirely Different from and Much Superior to other papers with a similiir name.

Monthly, $1.60 per year. Newsdealers, 15 cents.

LARGEST CIRCULATION OF ANY SCIENTIFIC PAPER.

LILLARD & CO., 108 Fulton Street, New York.

Mention MUSEUM for a sample copy.

TH1-: ML'SiaM.

THE AMERICAN

ARCH/EOLOGIST.

FoKMCHur Thb Antiquarian.

A Monthly Anthropoloclcttl Maca^inc Sesirned Xor

Stodents, Scientists, Collectors and Dealers

In Ratoral History Specimens.

HOW m ITS SECoiro vcldme.

Published on the ISth of each month by The Landon

Prlntlnr and PnblishlnK Co., 20 £ast

Broad Street, Colcmbns, Ohio.

;t U ably condncted, well established, and nnmbert
tuonx its writers and contributors the first scientist!
ud scholars of ocr country. Everv Issue contain;
(.•cMillnstrated papers on topics relatlnsr to Primitive
fT-a here and elsewhere, ircludingthe relics and re?
1 -.a.LS of Pueblo and ClUf Dwelling Indians; tie
Monr.ils azd Mound Boiidcrs of the United States;
prehistoric rnlns aad Art works of Mexico, Central
andSonih Anerica; discnsslots of prcglaclal man Si
4=crlci; early man In Europe acd Asia; ttc status
ird natcral history of recent savarre races, ftc, 4c.

It pstllshcs Interestine items from correspondent!
Iaev;ry partof the country, and devotes much atten-
tion to the wants of Collectors and Dealers. AD
recent publications of scientific value are reviewed
monthly; it gives an account of all recent archajo-
loRical discoveries and news ; and illustrates the rare
tr.d nnl(i:-.e specimens of private aad public collections

There is no other monthly Journal ef this charactei
ptiblished la the world for the edification of the gen-
eral public, as well as for the student. It aims to dia-
•;ni;:r.te knowledge which cannot he gained frott
olicr coerces, and publishes technical papers and gov-
crEw;=t reports, which are not available to the gen-
eral reader, and is indlspenslble to all persons inter-
ested in the study or the collection of the relics el
prl-ltive man.

The price is within the reach of ail, and affords the
rrlvilcTcs of the great libraries, combined witb
Archnologlcal treatises, as they appear from time to
lime. Having a wide and Increasing circulation, it
constitutes one of the best mediums In oor country for
elvertislng the business of Curio Dealers, Taxlder-
irists and naturalists.

Sutscrlptlon price, SI. 50 per year.

A copy will be sent free to any one sending us four
subscribers and six dollars.

e yoUr oWn

MaDy llni»*s you I»:ivt* sfcun-d sperlinens that you
desired to s^ive In a llMIke stale. You are no Taxi-
dermist and p<isslhlv there Ik none at hand.

Our method Is KASY aiirl RAPID and with a little
practice, i-xcellenl work can be Jone. And above all
ANYO.VKCAN LKAR.V IT. Many Men, Women and
Children use our meihfxl and other.i commencp .'V.-rv
day. .No OolORlst should Ik- without It. aatl^factloil
Is ((unranK^d. Think of Preserrtnp auU Mounting a
PUfPon or Quail In ») rulnutes— It can be clone.

Taxidermy Made Easy.

(ilvlng full dlrectlon-s tor doltiK the work and one
ptiund of K Jt P. prp.st-rvatlve: enough to preserve
from 9) to 40 small birds, sent on receipt of W cent.-.
S«>nd at oni-e. .Several can Inam In a very shori time.
No tnoN risinlriHl to entail extra expence. Corres-
pondence siiliclted.

KHRK & PKWHAM,

BLENCOE, IOWA. SANDWfCH, ILL.

' Florida Land and Fresh Water

Shells Also Centipedes, Scorpions. Cral)S.
etc. in nicobol at a bargain. Adilress with
.slaiup.

O. BRYANT,

lyongwoofl, Florida

Reliel Maps

KOK SCHOOLS
OF ALL GRADES.

Syslcnialic Collections.

MhNRRALO(iY, (iEOLOCJY, ZOOLOGY,

LAN'I'KKN SLIDES, ETC.

Washington School Collections.

Minerals, Rocks and Invertebrate Animals.
It is safe to say that no colleellons of equal excel-
lence have ever before been ollered In this country at
so low a price (*a each). .Send for circular.

EDWIN E. HOWELL,

12 17th St.. N. \V.. Washington, D. C

The Ornithologists' and Oologists' Manual.

STANDARD LI.ST FOR COLLECTORS.
Rkduced to l.^c, 2 for 25c,
^ovic of its Conlenta:

A complete list of all North American
Birds, giving prices of their eggs and skins.
The arrangement is acconliug to the A. O LJ.
list, and after each name is Ridgeway's num-
ber. Both Coiiinion and Scientific Names
are given, in diUerent size type

A list of Mammal and Reptile skins, with
prices. A table giving the approximate num-
ber of eggs considered a full set of every
family of birds in the U. S.

Complete and exhaustive directions for
making Scientific Bird and Mammal Skins,
and preparing specimens for the cabinet. In-
structions for collecting, preparing and pre-
serving birds eggj and nests, tools needed,
v.irious recipes ret^onimended and valuable
information about making cabinets for speci-
mens

Complete list of Taxidermists' Instruments,
Supplies and Requisites, also Oologists' In-
strirments an<l Supplies, etc., etc.

Size 4Jx6J. just right to carry in the pocket.

Order now, as our stock is very limited and
it will not be reprinted.

MUSEUM PUB. CO . ALBION, N Y.

BAROAINS.

100 llrslcla.ss .•ipcclmens to any address. $1.00.

Bcautl'ul Shells, Corals, ami Curiosities from all
pans of the world.

100 nice Shells. a.TC. I'.' Beautiful mixed Olive Shells,
.SOc. 100 large specimens. Si. 0(1. worth three limes the
price or money refunded. Xi mixed I'olns. *l. no, 30
tlrul class Tropical botanical Specimens. tl.OO. l'.j
I>erfecl Arrow Points. ."iOc. 20 choice apeclmens. 27c.
100 perfect Porcupine Quills, 2'c.

50,000 Specimens in Stock.

Everything perfect. Satisf.icili>n Kuar.inteed or
money refunded. Send stamp for ilrawlngs and bar-
gain list. All orders promiitly tilled

JOHN B. \vhi:eler.

East Tcmpleton, Mass.

THE MUSEUM.

ki^r/ /^^/^

W^??5^.

We have received a fine lot of the^e Bier Ego-s

?^&'

direct from South Africa at probably the

GREATEST BARGAIN EVER MADE !

While present supply lasts we will send A 1
specimens

Prepaid for Only $1.00

Order at once before they are ell gone. All are
as nice big specimens as you ever saw.

TO DEALERS. If any of our subscribers have stores where they can
exhibit them or can take orders, we will make a liberal discount on dozen
lots or upwards. Write us quick if you can sell a dozen or more,

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

Kerr & Perham,

BLENCOE, IOWA. SANDWICH, ILLS.

TAXIDERMISTS, DEALERS AND COLLECTORS,

Taxidermist's, Oologist's, Entomologist's and Botanist's Supplies,
Publications, Bird Skins, Eggs, Shells, Curios, Novelties, etc.

Send IOC for our New Price List and Handbook. Correspondence Solicited.

VOL. IV.

NO. 8.

JUNE, 1898.

U^EUTH

A Journal Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

RA TES: — ^o fts. per year to all countries, in advance. Single numbers, •; cts.

Published on the 1 5th of each month by Museum Publishing Co. .Albion, N. Y.

THE MUSEUM.

^!

©e yoUr oWn

Man V times you have secured siie^iraeu^ • ".t you
fle^ired to save in a litelike slate. You are uo Taxi-
dermist and possibly there is none^at hand.

Our method is EASY and R \ PID and ^vi h a Itlle
Draetice excellent worU can be done. And above all
ANYONE CAN LEAKN IT. Many Men. Women and
Cbildren use our meth.;d and ot-,ers ^Jf ""',^",^^^,,''7.?^^
day. No Oologist ahouklbe witlioulit. .t.atisf,iotion
is guaranteed. Think ot Preserviu- and M.miit ng a
fiSeon or Quail in 'M minutes-it run be done.
Taxidermy Made Easy.
Oivino- full directions for doing ttie \york and one
pound SfK & P. rre.servative; enough t., preserve
fr<mi 30 U) 40 ."mall hird.s, sent on rei ei(it of i'S ' ents.
«end at once.-; Several can leai n in a very short time.
No tools U'nuired to eutiaP e>.tra expence. Lorres-
Xioudence soli'-ited.

KERR & PBWIIAIVI,

BLF,NCOE, IOWA.

BAROAINS.

lUO lirstclass specimens to any address. ifl.OO.

Beautiful .Shell.s, Corals, and Curiosities from all
parts ot the world. .

lul nice Shells, asc. 12 Beautiful mixed Olive Shells.
H)c. 100 large specimens. i;.5.0u, worth three times the
price or money refunded. 3:! mixed Coins. $1.00. 30
first class Tropical Botanical Specimens, $1.1)0. Vi
perfect Arrow Points. SOc, 30 choice specimens, '-.c.
100 perfect Porcupine Quills, 2 c.

50,000 Specimens in Stock.

Everything perfect- Satisfaction guaranteed or
money refunded. Send stamp for drawings and bar-
gain I'ist. All orders promptly filled

JOHX B. WHEELER,

East Templeton, Mass.

SANDWICH. ILL.

Florida Land and Fresh Water

Shells
etc. ii
s';i!iil>

Also rentiiieilo.s. f;;.-(ii pious. Crabs
ali-iihol-at a liiirpiiu AcMiv.-.s with

O. BRYANT,

Lo '2W(!(iil, Floi ida.

THE AMERICAN

ARCH^OLOGIST.

A Monthly AnthroFOlogricalllaojaiir'.c Designed for

Students, Scientists, Collectors and Dealers

m Katnral History Specimens.

KO-W Ilf ITS SECOro VCLtTME.

Publlslied on the ISth cf eacli month ty The Landon
Futusneo^on^ and PnbUsMng Co.. 20 East
Broad Street, Colcmbcs, ChiO.

-t 13 Qtilv conductedTwSTestabUshed, and unmje"
iiAonff Us^teVviid contribntors the pst scientist
"^d scholars ol czr conntry. Every Issue contains
uc' l?ilas?rated papers on topics relating to Primitive

-MUcro Sd elsewbcre, ir eluding the reUcs ard re-

,Ion-c:s e--l HcuEd Benders of thejinited States,
reM-to'- c rnins and Art works of Mesico, Central
end SoiCk aI^wIcS? disct-ssions of Pr':slacial man ^
A--ricis ear.!y mm In Europe and Asia; ttc states
--Tn" -"ihistory cf recent ssvace icccs, ic, &c.

It B^b^ivs interecting items from ccircEpondeEts
11 every pit of theconntry, and devotes much atten-
I'on to t^e wants of CoUectors ai:d Sealers. . All
kcVt p-rwicatTons of scientific valoe are reviewed
'::=^?,S'': it gives an accocnt of all recent archao-
r;°?cal C-scovRes and n:Y?s ; ard illustrates the rarf
c4u-'lV-e sJecinieEi ol private and pubic collections^
~S T^n=e is no other m.onthly onrnal ol this charactei
t-Viish'd in the world for the edilication of the gen-
Ffnl c--t- -c as well as for the stnder t. It aims to dls-
^y2,\S;tg^=l^ifowledge which cannot te gained from
o^t-fc-J-rces, and publishes technical papers and gov-
crE^--t reports, which are not available to the gen-
crauT-'cr, and is indispensible to all persons nter-
"tcd in the study or tie coUecUoa of the rcUcs tl

^T^lErfcfif within the reach cf all, and affords the
_4v"i^^cs of the great libraries, combined vatli
ireh^oioglcaltfeatf3e.«, as they appear Irotn 1 m^e to
11-e Having a wide and increasing circulation, it
ro^-titntcs oeI cf the best mediums in our country f ct
" vcrtislng the bS^iness of Curio Dealers. Ta^der-
c'c's and Naturalists,
Eutscripticn price, $1.50 per year. „ „. („..J

A ccpry will be sent free to any one sending us foiu-
stiSscribers and six dollars.

Relief Maps

FOR SCHOOLS
OF ALL GRADES.-

SyslcEalic ccllEctiiins.

MINERALOGY, GEOLOGY, ZOOLOGY,

LANTERN SLIDES, ETC.

Washington School Collections.

Minerals, Rocks and luvertebi-ate A liinals.
It is safe to say that no collections of equal excel-
lence have ever before been offered in this couutiy at
so low a price («i! ejch). .'^eiid for circular.

EDWIN

13 17th St., N. W.,

HOWELL,

Washington,

D.C

The Oroilliologists' aad Oo'.ogists' Manual.

STANDARD LIST I'OR COLLECTORS.
Redicei) lo l.')f, 2 for 2'p,
.Some of Us Contevt.i:

A complete list of all Noflh Aiiierican
Birds, giving prices of their egg.s and skiii.s.
The aifaiigeiijeut is accoixhna: 'o the A O V.
list and afier-cach name is Ridfjewaj's num-
ber. Both Comnntn and Scientilic Names
ate given, in dilferent ^ize type _

A li-tof Mammal and RepUlo skins, with
prices A table giving tlie approximate niini-
her of eggs eoi.siileivd a full Set of every
family of' birds in the H. S _

Coi'nplcte and exhaustive directions Tor
nr.king Scientilic Bird and Mammal Skii).«,
and preparing sjiecimens for the calnnet In-
struciious fm- collecting, preparing am) pre-
serving birds eggs and ne.sts. to., s needed,
virions recipes recommendei! and valuable
information about making cabiticts for spcci-

™Cmiiplt-te li^t of Taxidermists- lastr.iments,
Supplies and Rnviisites, a'so Oologists la-
slrumenls and Sn|)plies, etc., etc.. ^

Size 4ix6i just right to carry in tne pockety
Ofder"now,'as our stock is very limr.d ami
it will not bereprinte.l.

MUSEUM PUB CO, ALBION, N Y.

I

I

i

THE MUSEUM.

WANT8> EXCHANUES AND FOR SALES.

All notices that couio under alxne will be inserted in this deiiartnieut until further notice
atone (I) cent a word. No notice less than 25o. Terms Cash with crder. No charge for
adUrt.tn. I shall at all times endeavor to keep parties, whose reputation is of a doubtful char-
acter from using these columns.

WANTKL);— First class .=ets of Sparrows,
Vireos and Warblers, with fnll datas. can
eive in exchange liist class sets, with datas,
of this locality. Write EUW. W. SPRING-
ER, Owatonua, Minnesota.

THREE live Snowv Owls for sale. Fine
healthy birds. CHRIS P. FORGE, Carman,
Man , Canada.

FOR SALE:— Full plumaged King Eider
Skins, female, lesser Auk and Pigeon Guille-
mot and other North American and Foreign
Skins all perfect for mounting. Apply to
JOHN MAUGHAN, Jr., Naturalist itc , To-
ronto, Canada.

FOR SALE:— Indian Relics, Axes, Ham-
mers of Granite and Flint 0 oz. to 10 lbs..
Drills, Arrows, Spears, Turtle Backs, Knives,
Cores and Scrapers Largo specimens of
various colored Flint. Fine large specimens
of quartz Crystals on Flint Matrix, very
showy. All personal finds at Flint Ridge, O.
Also a few rare Tennessee Crooks. Drills,
Seamers, Bunts, Scrapers and double bark
Arrows. A few Ohio Bird Arrow Points and
Arrowhead Scarf Pins. CHAS. U. HESTON,
Sidney, O.

DATAS:— 20 styles and sizes. Send stamp
for sheet. Check book style with reference
stub, postpaid 27 cents." KERR & PER-
HAM, Blencoe, Iowa.

FOR SALE: — A new Ridgeways Manual,
llexiblo leather edition, latest out, for only
$7.25. Also a new copy of Chapnians Birds
of Eastern North America, latest edition for
$3.90 prepaid. Order at once. W. F. WEBB,
Mgr., Albipn. N. Y.

OSTRICH EGGS-Until August 1st by Ex-
press for SI.!."! One African Ostrich P^gg
One Package. K vt P. Preservative and Tax-
idermy made easy. KERR & PERHAM,
Blencoe, Iowa.

RARE SHELLS:— Some of our customers
may like to know what rare shells we have.
A few desirable ones are Harpa Imperialis.
and rosea. Conus Aulieus, Bandanus, Telatus,
Arenosus, Flammeus, &c, Murex Tenuispina,
Palma-rosea. Pinnatus, Scolopax; Voluta.
Volva. Maculata. Turneri. Reticulata Juno-
nica. Rupestris; Norrisii. Vexillum, Pulchra,
and Ruckeri Cynibium Proboscidale, Scalaria
Pretiosa; Argonauta Tuberculosa. Rare Cy-
clophorus, &c. Fully 2,000 species of tine
handsome good sized shells. Write us. VV.
F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

NOVELTIES in Fancy Therintuuetors
mounted in Angel Wing Shells and others.
Prepaid S.") cents. Send stamp for Photo.
Special priqes in dozen lots. KERR & PER-
HAM, Blencoe, Iowa.

FOR SALE:— Elkhead, Set Large Elk Ant-
lers. BulTdlo horns, mounted or unmounted
Bird skins and choice sets of eggs, 518 Col-
lected, some with nests. CHRIS P. FORGE,
Carman, Man , Canada.

COl'ES KEY:— A second hand copy in good
condition will bp sold for $5, prepaid. Order
(luick, W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion. N. Y.

FOR SALE.— A. O. U. No. 10 1-1. .-iOc; 40 13.
4oc; 54 13. 35c; 05 1-4. 70c; 70 1-3, 18c; 77 2-3.
20c; 79 1-1, 25c; 115 12, $1.25; 202 10-4, 30c;
201 1-5. 30c; 212 17, 39c; 214 Ml, 50c; 203 3-4,
24c; 273 1-5. 30c; 300 119. $1.15; 333 1-5, Gac;
339 3 3, 43c; 339a 1-3, 70c; 390 1-7, GOc;4'20a 1-2,
39c; 423 1-4, 20c; 428 n-2, 80c; 429 n-2, 70c; 430
n-2, 90c; 431 n-2, 70c; 431 n-2. $1; 447 1-7, 30c;
4.52 2-0, 38c; 401 2 3, 23c; 467 3-4. 24c; 477 1-G,
24c; 488 1-0. 20e; 501 15 1-0, 30c; 500 1-4. lOc;
.507 11). 20c; 511a 1-4. 20; 511 b 3 5. 20c; 538 1-3.
35c; 510 3-4, lOc; .550 1-4. 40c; 552 1-4. 20c; 503
2-4, 18c; .587 1-.5, 24c; .595 14. 23c; 010 3 4, 38c;
614 2 5, 30c; 615 1-4. 70c; 422 1-7; 30c; 622a 1-5.
20c; 624 1-4, 20c; 628 n-4, .50c; 036 1-4, 75c; 637
1-6, 70c; 652 2-4, 15c; 059 14, 3.8c; 674 2-5. 39c;
087 14, 24c: 708 1-4, $1: 713 1-4. 35c; 721 3-7,
20c; 725a 1-7. 40c; 735 1-6, 35c; 743 1-8. 70c; 755
10-4. 20c: 750 1 4, 25c; Ring Pheasant M 1, 7.5c:
Snapping Turtle 1 27 1-30 1 37 1-40, 3c an egg.
The above prices are per set. All lirstclass
data. Will give good exchange for a Win-
chester or Spencer repealing shot gun. J. O.
JOHNSON. Lock Box 5.50, Southington, Conn.

HERMIT CRABS IN SHELL, finely cleaned
and preserved. Each one wrapped in a tin
box. per dozen, $1.50. VV. F. WEBB, Mgr.,
Albion, N. Y.

WALRUS ICSKS:— We have some of the
largest tusks ever collected. These are a
great curio. Our finest specimens are $5.00
net, some equally as long, but not so heavy
for $4 00. Extralarge Sperm whale teeth, at
$2.00, or finely engraved ones, done by sail-
ors, really creditable work, for $3.50 to $4 00.
Small teeth, two to three inches long at 50
cents each. Hundreds of other curios of like
nature. Send for lists. W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,
Albion, N.Y.

A PAIR of Strapped Climbing Irons by Ex-
press until July 1st, only $2.2.5. KERR &
PEKHAM, Blencoe. Iowa.

114

THE MUSEUM.

MUSEUMS:— A complete file of Volumes
one, two aud three. 36 numbers in all, will be
sent prepaid to any pari of the U. S,. Canada
or Mexico for $2. Order now while we have
complete tiles to oft'er. We will also exchange
for good books on Ornitholojiy. W. F. WEBB,
Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

WANTED.— Warbler bkins in large ciuan-
tity. Send full list of what you have or what
you can get. i offer copies of my own Publi-
cations, including new editions of Birds of
Eastern North America. Also want a few
collectors to shoot Warblers aud preserve en-
tire information. Write me at once aud men-
tion MusEU-M. C. J. MAYNAUD, HI Crafts
St., West Newton, Mass.

A CALIFORNIA Condor Egg is now very
rare. We sold one since the publication of
the May Museum, and we have another for
sale. Any one interested, may learn price on
application. We wish to secure another
specimen, also a few sets of Golden Fagle,
and well marked Hawk eggs. Any one hav-
ing such for sale, write at once. WALTER
F. WEBB, Mgr, Albion, N. Y.

DON'T FORGET. — When you need a set of
Ocllogist's or Taxidermist's 'Tools, write us.
We can furnish them at reasonable prices.
Our new Catalogue aud Handbook now
ready. Price 10c ia stamps. KERR ife
rEKHAM, Blencoe, Iowa.

PURPLE SEA FERNS. Fine lot from
Florida from 2 to 5 feet, $1.50 dozen. They
are beauties. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N.
Y

EXCHANGE ADS. FREE —Any reader of
the MusuEM who will send 25 cents and an
addressed and stamped envelope, to Popular
Science, 108 Fulton St., New York, for a three
mouths trial subscription, will be presented
with a Fifty Cent want advertising coupon.
Sample copies free. See additional particu-
lars on adv. in this issue.

SMALL SEA BEAVERS, 4 to 5 inch, finely
prepared $1.50 a dozen. A bargain. W. F.
WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

Ostrich Eggs.

We have for sale the largest lot of these
mammoth eggs ever imported into the United
States. They came from Port Elizabeth, South
Africa, and if thev were piled^ into ordinary
wagon boxes, such as the fanners use in
drawing off grain, they vi'ould fill ten of
them. We have only had them a month, and
about one-fourth of this lot have been sold to
■collectors throughout the country. We oft'er
them elsewhere in this number. Special low
prices will be given on dozen lots. Over a
score of collectors have taken a dozeu, and
they are still going. Most any collector in a
large city or town can sell a dozen to his
friends. They will sell at sight for a reason-
able figuie. about three times what we ask at
wholesale. Write at once.

Walter F. Webb. Mgr.,

Albion, N. Y.

FLORIDA Bird atd Animal Skins, Eggs
and Curios. Send 15c for saw fish saw. 75c
for small stuffed alligator and 10c for F"lorida
orchid. JOHN F. DELANEY, Micco, Fla.

AMATEUR TAXIDERMISTS. -Until July
1st. we will send by express for $1 50, 1 pkg.
K & P. Preservative, 1 coi)y of Taxidermy
Made Easy, 1 Scalpel, 1 Eye Instrument and
I Manual KERR i.t PERHAM, Bleacoe, la.

New Arrivals in Fine Shells.

Since the publication of last Museuji we
have again greatly increased our stock of
fine shells. We shall not list them herewith
but shall send promptly on appoval to reli-
able parties any sizsd lots desired. Here are
some of the new things: Fine lot of Pectens,
Venus. Cardium, Triton, Cassis, rare Volutes,
Ranellas, nearly 100 species of Cones, choice
Olives, Cytherea. Mitras, several species of
Harps, large assortment of fine Murex, new
lot of Nassa. Tapes, Strombus, few Cypra^a,
Melongena, Turbinella. many Fusus, Acha-
tina, Achatinellas, Strophia. large lot of Bull-
mus and Helix, nearly all of the rarer sorts;
big lot of Cuma, Purpura, etc, nice lot of
Turbo, Scalaria, Sistrum. Ooicia, Phasinella,
Trophon. Natica, Cymbium. Nerita, Neritina,
Cerithium, over 30 species of the finer Cyclo-
phorus, lot of Pythia. Pupiua. Cyclostoma,
Pectenculus, Donax, Doliuni, Terebratulina,
Waldhcmia. Solemya, An: stoma, Marginella.
Htlicin I, Columbella, Megalastoma, Catan-
lus, Giljbus, Littorina, Casssidula, Oleacina,
and many other families, of which we only
selected a very few representatives.

We have just received a fine ship-
ment of shells from Europe. None are what
would be called rare in this lot, but all are
showy, aud will brighten up any cabinet.
We will print a list el.sswhere of this lot.
Look it over carefully.

Walter F Webb, Mgr ,
Albion. N. Y.

Handsome j^ird §kin^.

Prepaid by mail or expi-ess on receipt
of price.

Japanese Pheasants, male $1 75

" " females 1 25

' ' Mandarin Duck 1 75

Assorted Hummers 20

Ruby topaz Hummers 50

Jungle Cock (flat) 2 50

Birds Paradise, finest 1100

King Bird of Paradise 4 00

Prince Regent Bird Paradise 0 00

Golden Pheasants 12 00

Impeyan Pheasants 4 00

Red Tatiagers, Blue Creepers, etc 40

All foreign and well-made skins. Will mount
well. Order at once.

W. F. Webb, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

i

f!

THE MUSEUM

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

Vol. IV

ALBION. N. Y.. JUNE 15. 1S98.

No. 8

The Sea Anemones of the Atlant-
ic Coast.

[Continued from May number.)

The Star Sea Anemone, ijhi nodes
Stella. I'err.), is another beautiful and
interesting species, which may readily
be domesticated in an aquarium, and
proves very hardy in confinement.
This species, instead of having a
smooth body like the preceding, is
covered with little wart-like pustules,
arranged in vertical rows, which have
the power of adhering firmly to for-
eign substances, such as bits of shell
and sea-weed with which it often so
completely covers its body as to effect-
ually conceal itself, when contracted
into a low cone among the rocks and
gravel where it often dwells. But
when it lives, as it frequently does on
the Maine Coast in fissures and cavi-
ties of ledges, overhung and protected
by sea-weed, it usually discards its
foreign covering, which now becoming
no longer useful, is evidently regarded
as a burden. When placed in an
aquarium, even if covered with foreign
matters, it veiy soon discards them
and appears perfectly clean. The up-
permost pustule of each row is larger
than the others, and forms an inflated
vesicle just below each tentacle. The
tentacles instead of being very small
and numerous, as in the fringeJ-anem-
one, are comparatively few, rarely
more thon 72 in the largest specimens,
but they are large and often more
than an inch long. The mouth usual-
ly has the form of a cross, with sev-
eral prominent folds upon its lips. Its
body is usually pale, translucent, olive-
green, sometimes approaching flesh-
color, and the disk and tentacles have
a lighter tint of the same colors, while
the tentacles are conspicuously beaded

with opaque-white, and upon the disk
there are usually si.\ or twelve lines
radiating from the mouth to the base
of the tentacles. Most of these ten-
tacles ha\e a white heart-shaped spot
upon the inner side of their bases.

This pretty Actinia used to be very
common at Eastport, Me., and has
been found at Cape Elizabeth. In
the latter locality the specimens were
half buried in sand at the bottom of a
rocky pool near low water mark. In
confinement it expands most freely in
the evening. It feeds, like all other
species, upon all sorts of mollusca and
Crustacea that come within its reach.
It brings forth living young, often of
considerable size, which emerge at ir-
regular intervals from the mouth,
sometimes singly, sometimes in large
numbers. It does not grow so large
as the preceding, the body seldom be-
coming more than two inches high and
one in diameter, but having more than
twice the diameter across the expand-
ed tentacle.

The Red Sea Anemone {Rhodae-
tinia Davisii, A gas.) is unquestion-
ably the most beautifully colored and
showy of all our northern Actinias; but,
although very changable in shape, it
lacks the elegant forms assumed by
other species. The body usually
forms, in expansion, a low cylinder,
broader than high, with a broad disk;
surrounded by a moderate number of
large, rather short, tapering or blunt
tentacles. The exterior of the body
is sometimes nearly smooth, but at
other times a few, rather inconspicu-
ous warts or suckers scattered over the
surface. The shore specimens are
mostly mottled with deep brownish
red and dull greenish, while the ten-
tacles are pinkish banded with opa<]ue-
white. The disk is often light green-

ii6

THE MUSEUM.

ish or pink with radiating lines of pur-
ple or deep red, which embraces the •
base of the tentacles. Occasionally
shore specimens are found having the
body uniformly bright red, crimson or
pink, with a lighter colored disk and
tentacles. The tentacles are usually
banded with white in all varieties, but
are sometimes uniform pink and trans-
lucent. Other species often have the
body pink mottled with orange red or
blotched with crimson. The speci-
mens from deep water have generally
brighter and clearer colors than those
of the shore, but are quite as commonly
found mottled with two or more shades
of red, as of uniform red or pink col-
ors.

The habits of this fine Actinia are
much like those of the last, and the
young are produced in the same man-
ner. It attains a much greater size,
for specimens are not uncommon
which are two inches high and four or
five in diameter when e.xpanded. The
largest, however, are apt to be troub-
lesome inmates of an aquarium, on ac-
count of their remarkable voracity, for
nothing seems to come amiss to them.
They will capture and swallow hshes
of considerable size, as well as crabs,
mollusks, etc., and have even been
known to swallow the spiny sea ur-
chins of considerable size. Other Ac-
tinias, even, are not safe in the neigh-
borhood. Such large specimens also
have a singular habit of frequently pro-
truding the stomach, and even turning
it wrong side out, as if affected with
nausea, which certainly adds nothing
to their beauty. But specimens of
small' or medium sizes make very in-
teresting pets, and are often more
beautifully colored than the large ones.
In Massachusetts Bay this species is
seldom found except by dredging,
when it usually comes up adhering to
stones and dead shells. It inhabits
all depths down to forty fathoms at
least. At Eastport, Grand Menan
and other islands at the mouth of the
Bay of Fundy, where the enormous
tides leave exposed, at low water, a

wide zone, unusual facilities are af-
forded for obtaining all sorts of
rare and curious productions, which
on other parts of the coast can be ob-
tained only by dredging in deep water;
On these shores the two large Solas-
ters, or starfishes, with ten or twelve
rays and beautiful colors, together
with several other rare starfishes, the
Daisey Serpent Star {Ophiopliolis bcl-
lis, Lyman), the many armed Basket
Fish \Astropliyton Agassizii, St imp -
son), several large and curious Holo-
thurians, the elegant Alcyonium, the
much sought Terebratula, many cur-
ious and beautiful Ascidians, among
which the Cynthia [Cyntliia pyrifor-
mis, Ratlikc) or "Sea Peach" is one
of the finest and a great variety of
rare shells, may ail be obtained at low
water mark, during the extreme tides,
together with a great abundance of the
three Actinias above named.

The Red, like the Star Sea Anem-
one, loves best the fissures and crev-
ices of the rocks and ledges, that are
thickly overgrown with fuci and other
sea weeds, svhich furnish a complete
protection to the animals nesting
among the rocks. Even among the
lofty wharves of Eastport there are
ledges in the crevices -of which hun-
dreds of these Anemones used to be
found.

The White Armed Sea Anemone,
{Sagartia lettcolcna, I'err.), unlike
the three preceding species, is practi-
cally unknown except along the south-
ern coasts of New England, upon the
shores of Long Island Sound and near
New York City. This Actinia is more
nearly related to the Fringed-anem-
one than to the others, aiW like that
has slender tentacles and loop-holes
along the sides of the body, out of
which threads of stringing darts issue,
which are lacking in the two last spe-
cies. But this is a smaller, and more
delicate kind, seldom growing more
than three inches high and one in di-
ameter, and the tentacles are much
longer and not so numerous. The
body is the same texture from base to

THE MUSEUM.

117

summit, and tlio edge of the disk is
not tlirown into undulations or "frill-
ed." Its colors are usually ii^'ht yel-
lowish and translucent, while the
tentacles are usually white. It

lives most commonly attached to the
under side of boulders that have a cav-
ity beneath them, and is well adapted
to the aquarium, where it very soon
becomes perfectly at home and ex-
pands almost constantly. Inhabiting
the same region with this there is an-
other more rare species, Sagartia
inodiStii, Wrrill, which is duller in
color and less graceful in form, which
lives buried up to its tentacles in
gravel.

Btsides the species already describ-
ed, there are several others that are
less conspicuous, which inhabit the
New England coast, several of which
live buried in sand or mud, like many
worms and only protrude their ten-
tacles at the surface. These kinds are
usually long and slender and taper at
the base instead of having a long and
flat adhesive disk. Further southward
on the Carolina coast, there are sev-
eral other peculiar species, some of
them beautifully colored and also sev-
eral species of true corals, the animals
of which closely resemble the Sea-
anemones in structure and habits.
One pretty species of coral i^Astrangia
Daiiic, .-igassisi is even found on the
southern coast of New England. This
is found just below low water mark,
encrusting stones and shells, and form-
ing little irregular masses of coral,
covered with star-like cells or cups,
which are about an eighth of an inch
ficross. The Polyps which in life rise
above these stellate cups, are color-
less and almost transparent, resemb-
ling in nearly all respects miniature
Actinias. The coral lives well in con-
finement, and feeds readily upon bits
of oyster in the same manner as the
Sea-Anemone.

Some Notes from the Otways,
Victoria, Austrjilia.

HV H. E. HILL.

Owing to a variety of causes, our
usual Xmas camp to the Otway For-
est fell through this year, and the
members were scattered in various di-
rections.

In company with Mr. |. F. Mulder,
I left Geelong on January 22d for his
orchard at Bambra, about five miles
beyond Deans Marsh on the Lome
road. We observed nothing of es-
pecial interest on the way — only the
usual plains birds being vfsible; on the
swamp at Modewarre, where we stop-
ped for lunch, there were good num-
bers of spurwing plover and sandpip-
ers.

^^'hite cuckatoos were plentiful as
we entered the ranges, and it seemed
that the cry differed from some of
them; Mr. Mulder put this down to
the presence of two species — the co-
rella as well as the sulphur-crested be-
ing present; however, we did not get
an opportunity of verifying this. The
fires had cleared out most of the coun-
try near the road, so that there was
not a great abundance of birds, most
of them having been driven back or
destroyed, although there were a good
number of fern birds {Serico7'nts) to
be seen. Red Lories (Platyccrcits pen-
nautii) were rather common, and they
were in magnificent plumage; the bird
always seems to be clothed in richer
colors on the ranges than on the
plains. While taking a spell in a
shady nook in the garden we saw a
satin-bird ffemalej with some grass-
hoppers in its beak, but we could find
no trace of a nest. The grasshoppers
were just as plentiful in the ranges as
elsewhere; I found afterwards that
they had penetrated right through to
the coast, there being abundance of
them even down to the water's edge,
where they found that sea-bathing did
not agree with them.

Though at the end of January, there
were still a few messmate trees in

ii8

THE MUSEUM.

blossom. On one occasion a white
goshawk {Astitr iioi\ holl ) flew past.
Among the other birds we noticed at
Bambra were black cockatoos, wattle-
birds, hill crowshrikes white-shafted
fantail, black-throated honey-eater,
and little brown acanthiza.

On January 25th Mr. Mulder re-
turned to Geelong, while I pushed on
to Lome. It was a rather dreary
walk, most of the scrub having been
destroyed, with only an occasional un-
burnt patch here and there. Soon af-
ter I left Bambra a brown flycatcher
{Micnvca fascinano) flitted across the
road in front of me. The gang gang
cockatoo iCalloccphalon galcatinu)
was also to be seen in places, uttering
a peculiar, harsh, croaking cry as it
flew. Bristle birds were abundant
down the gullies. Besides the above,
I only saw the harmonious thrush,
the yellow robin, the whice-eyebrowed
wood swallow, and the bronze-wing
pigeon. Reaching Lome at about
half past ten, I fixed my camp on the
St. George, where it took an hour or
two to repair the damages my clothes
had sustained on the trip.

I did not e.xert myself much looking
for specimens during my stay on the
coast, partly because the intense heat
took away all desire for exertion, and
partly because, being by myself, it
was hard to summon up enthusiasm
for long walks. Most of my time was
spent at little nooks on the creeks
watching the birds. On the St. George
I noted only the wax-bill, chough,
welcome swallow, little black cormo-
tant, white-breasted cormorant, spot-
ted pardalote, blue crane, fairy martin
and bristle bird. The last named bird
used to be very abundant here a few
years ago, but this year there was only
one to be heard at intervals. I do
not think I heard a dozen individual
birds after I reached the coast. I had
expected that the fires, having burnt
so large a part of the forest towards
the Otway itself, would have made the
birds, especially these lovers of the
the scrub, very abundant indeed in the

unburnt parts; as they seemed much
scarcer than usual, the only conclu-
sion I could draw was that instead of
being driven out from the burnt parts
they must have been destroyed.

The choughs always evince a decid-
ed preference for the hill tops, in the
forest at all events, being almost con-
fined in this neighborhood to the hill
on the Erskine, immediately above
the township. Perhaps this is due to
the proximity of a large orchard which
grows on the slope of the hill. The
cry of the chough resembles that of
he red lory, and of therosella to some
extent. It is known locally as the
"jay." The white-shafted fantails
were not nearly so abundant as in
previous years, and the blue wrens,
though in great numbers, also seemed
scarcer. The waxbills, however, were
as t ck as always. On a Scotch
thist near the creek I saw a great
number of small beetles of a vivid
glossy blue, which moved in short,
quick flights, like those of a grasshop-
per. These have been kindly inden-
tified for me by Rev. Thos Blackburn
as Haltica pagana, Blackb.

The evenings being rather lonely on
the St. George with no companion, I
shifted my tent to the Erskine after a
couple of days so as to have some one
to talk to in the evenings. The camp-
ing ground here is very good though
rather public; it is well sheltered and
level, with abundance of good water
at a little distance. An occasional
azure kingfisher was to be seen on the
creek with a few mudlarks {Grallina
picata) here and there. There were
also several mountain thrushes which
frequented the water's edge, just be-
low the wall of blackberries; they were
very quiet and tame. So indeed were
a number of the birds, in particular
the fern-birds, {Scrtconiis), which
were very abundant. These used to
hop about within a yard or two while
I was having my meals, as quiet and
tame as the blue wrens. The jack-
asses were as plentiful as usual, their
friendly greeting being often heard.

THE MUSEUM

I 19

The boobook owl 1 only heard once.

A few little mobs of musk parra-
keels (Trii/tox'/i'Si/s loiiciiiniis) ap-
peared once or twice, and once I
thoDKht I saw some grass parrakeets,
but I could not be sure. The Hrskine
spreads near its mouth into a long la-
goon which ought to be a great resort
for water birds, but I suppose there
are too many people about. The only
birds I saw there were one blue crane
and one little black cormorant. I was
told that black swan and duck were to
be seen there now and then, and a
bird which, from the description, must
have been the bald coot {Porplivrio
ntelanotus). On the beach near the
mouth I saw the remains of a small
petrel, and I saw what I think was
the same bird swimming near the jetty
on one occasion; it was very quiet,
swimming past the lines of the anglers
and taking a ([uiet peck at each line as
it passed; which of the petrels it was
I do not know, but it was about the
size of a dab chick.

While I was sitting near the tent
one evening a mob of young gang
gang cockatoos settL d in a tree near
by. A young male which I shot had
its stomach and crop crammed with
white wood grubs. I was told that
thousands of these birds were to be
seen in the ranges.

While on the road back to Dean's
Marsh I observed two men in a shed
at the roadside, who were busily oc-
cupied t/tic.diiii,/ witit flails.

It has seemed to me that it would
be a grand idea to introduce the lyre
bird to the Otway Forest. If a few
were released in the dense scrub on
some of the creeks, such as the El-
liott, they would find abundant shelter
and food, and a home very similar to
their haunts in Gippeland, and the
country at the back being but thinly
settled, the birds would bs pretty free
from molestation.

THE MUSEUM.

A Monthly Magazine devoted to Ornithology,

Oology, Mollusca, Echinodermata,

Mineralogy and Allied

Sciences.

Walter F. Webb, Editor and Manager
Albion, N. Y.

Correspondence and Hems of Interest on above top-
ics, as well as notes on the various Museums of the
World— \iews from same, discoveries relative to the
handllnK and Ueeplnt; of Natural History material,
descriptive habits of varloua species, are solicited
from all.

Make articles as brief as possible and as free from
technical terms as the subjects will allow. All letters
win be promptly answered.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Single Subscription Ji.oo per annum

Sample Copies 10c each

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Unused U. S. Postage Stamps of any denomination
accepted for small amounts.

MUSEUM PUB. CO..

ALBION. ORLEANS CO., N.Y.

Entered at Albion post-office as second-class mail matter

Birds of Alaska.

The following from Outing- for June
describes some of the birds which
breed so plentifully in the land of the
Klondike:

"No sooner hatl the twilight settled
over the island than new bird voices
called from the hills above us. The
birds of the day were at rest, and their
place was filled with the night deni-
zens of the island. They came from
the dark recesses of the forests, first
single stragglers, increased by midnight
to a stream of eager birds, passing to
and from the sea. Many, attracted
by the glow of the burning logs alter-
ed their course and circled about the
fire a few times and then sped on.
I'rom their notes we identified the
principal night prowlers as the Cassin's
auklet, rhinoceros auk, murrelet and
varieties of petrel.

"All through the night our slumbers
were frequently disturbed by birds
alighting on the sides of the tent, slip-

L

I20

THE MUSEUM

ping down with great scratching into
the grass below, where our excited
dog took a hand in the matter, day-
light often finding our tent strewn
with the birds he had captured during
the night. When he found time to
sleep I do not know. He was after
birds the entire twenty-four hours.

"In climbing over the hills of the
island we discovered the retreats of
these night birds, the soil everywhere
through the deep wood being fairly
honeycombed with their nesting bur-
rows. The larger tunnels of the rhi-
noceros auks were as a rule on the
slopes of the hill, while the little bur-
rows of the Cassin's auklet were on
top in the flat places. We noticed
many of their queer abodes that ran
back with many turns to a distance of
ten feet or more. One or both birds
were invariably found at the end, cov-
ering their single egg, for this species,
like many other sea birds, divide the
duties of incubation, both sexes doing
an equal sh&re. relieving each other at
night.

"The puffins nested in burrows also,
but lower down — often just above the
surf. One must be very careful, in-
deed, how he thrusts his hand into
their dark dens, for should the old
birds chance to be at home, its vice-
like bill can inflict a very painful
wound.

"The rookeries of the murres and
the cormorants were on the sides of
steep cliffs overhanging the sea.
Looking down from above hundreds
of eggs could be seen, gathered along
the narrow shelves and chinks in the
rock, but accessible only by means of
a rope from the top."

Umbrella Ants

The beauties of tropical scenery, and
the wonders of life in the forests of
those regions, are well-worn subjects,
and have employed the pens of writers
of many classes, from the dry-as-dust
naturalist, whose only interest is in
•dissecting every animal, bird or insect

he can come across, to such word-
painters as Charles Kingsley, who, for-
tunately for the world at large, did "at
last" reach the fringe and outskirt of
his long-dreamed-of El Dorado, which
he depicted with a delight and enthu-
siasm which fairly carry away his
readers. But they are inexhautsible
beauties, and infinite in variety.

To take insect life alone; no life is
long enough for the study of it, and no
description can give an idea of the
multitude of creatures that make their
homes on every tree and shrub, and
under every slowly dying leaf that falls
in the evergreen forest. The air is full
of butterflies, moths and iiies; while on
the ground and under the ground go
ants and beetles and spiders and frogs
and toads and creeping things innu-
merable— a vast army that no man
may number.

Alas! that I have no pretension to
the science of the naturalist, and can
only tell, in plain language, something
of what I have seen during a six years'
residence in Central America; three of
which were spent in its densest forests,
where the sight of a white man was a
thing to be noted.

Of all insects the most interesting
are the ants; and it is to be hoped that
some one duly qualified for the task
will, some of these days, undertake to
write the life-history of the most im-
portant of their tribes; for, by their
intelligence and perfect organization,
they take rank above all their kind,
and are well worthy of the closest and
most careful observation.

The umbrella or "wee-wee" ants
are in some ways the most remarkable
of all the race; and as I happen to have
an intimate acquaintance with their
interior economy, it will be well, per-
haps, to begin with an account of their
manners and customs; how they build
their nests, store and keep their food
and organize their vast armies.

The name of "wee-wee" is a mys-
tery, but so the negroes call them;
though why, they do not know them-
selves. The Spaniards simply call

THE MUSEUM.

121

them by the generic name of "hor-
migas, " or ants. Along the forest
paths the great mounds of earth they
throw up are conspicuohs enougli, and
from them radiate well beaten roads,
four or five inches in width, and run-
ning in all directions. There they do
no harm; but when they make their
nests near a garden or plantation, it
becomes a question which is to survive,
the ants or the garden, for one or the
other must be destroyed. Their food
almost entirely consists of leaves of
trees and other plants, and so numer-
ous are they in a well-established
colony, and such indefatigable work-
ers, that they will strip a good-si/:ed
tree, such as an orange, in a single
night, carrying off the spoil, cut into
pieces about the size of one's thumb-
nail, into their nests, there to be stored
for future use in a manner I will des-
cribe when we come to the structure
of their houses.

It was my misfortune on two occa-
sions to find strong colonies of these
ants within measurable distance of
where I had to make my garden; so
there was nothing for it but to dig
thein out bodily, or give up the hope
of vegetables. The process of digging
was a laborious one, as in one instance
over two hundred and fifty cubic yards
of earth had to be moved; but it cer-
tainly gave me a close acquaintance
with their ways and habits.

They are divided into four classes —
queens, drivers, workers and builders.
The queens are nearly as large as hor-
nets, with well-developed wings;
though why, it is hard to understand,
since they are always found in the in-
terior of the nest, and devote their
time and attention solely to the prop-
agation of the race. The drivers or
officers are nearly half an inch in
length, and are armed with formidable
nippers in their jaws, with which they
can intiict a sharp bite; quite sharp
enough to cut through the skin of one's
finger. They are absolutely fearless,
and will attack any enemy, however
large, without hesitation. They do

not work themselves, but run up and
down the roads, when the workers are
out, keeping them in order, and seeing
that all goes well with the procession.
The workers, about one-half the size
of the drivers, cut the leaf, and carry
it in their mandibles, held perpendicu-
larly over their heads, to' the nests —
whence the name of "umbrella ants."
The builders, as I have called them,
because it is difficult to conceive what
else they do, are the size of the com-
mon red garden ant of this country.
They always accompany the workers
on their expeditions, and, I believe,
carry into the nests minute particles of
clay, with which they line all the gal-
leries and passages, as well as the ac-
tual nests themselves, until they look
as though they were cemented and
smoothed by the caroful hand of an
expert mason. The ants do not always
select a tree near their abode on which
to work, but will often march to and
fro, quite a quarter of a mile or more,
to one that suits their taste. Once
they have made up their minds to strip
a certain tree, nothing but death will
stop them. Often and often I have
watched the negroes and Indians try-
ing to drive them away from, say, a
favorite orange-tree, with flaming
torches of dry palm-leaves. Running
these over the ants' road, close to the
ground, millions of them are burnt to
death, whilst the survivers shelter in
the grass, or hurry back pell-mell to
the nest. This process the niggers call
"swingeing," but it is no good what-
ever, for if you go out in an hour or
so, you will find the undaunted ants
hard at work on the very tree they
were turned back from.

Some faint idea can be formed of
their numbers when it is remembered
that the whole of this road to the tree,
perhaps nearly half a mile long, is
densely thronged with the multitudes
going out empty, and returning laden
with their umbrella-like burdens;
whilst thousands and thousands will be
swarming in the doomed tree. They
have a strong objection to rain, and

I 22

THE MUSEUM.

when they are cauo;ht out at work by a
sudden shower, they incontinently
drop their loads, and scuttle off home.
When this happens — which is not of-
ten, for they are wonderfully weather-
wise — the whole road will be found
strewn thickly with bits of leaf.

It is a very easy matter to prove
that the vast army is under proper dis-
cipline, for the drivers are constantly
running up and down the line, giving
their orders, which they communicate
in some mysterious manner by touch-
ing heads for an instant with the ant
who is to receive the order. If you
carefully watch the individual so
touched, you will see that he stops, or
turns back, or hurries on faster, as
the case may be — generally the latter.

But the clearest proof of their disci-
pline is to place some obstacle they
cannot easily pass, such as a log of
wood or a big stone, accoss the line of
march. There is at once a jam of ants
ou both sides, and they run about m
utter dismay and confusion. Instantly
the drivers come tearing along from
either side in a state of frantic excite-
ment. Arrived at the impediment,
they run over it, round it, and under
it, if they can; and having found out
the best way out of the difficulty,
speedily lead off the host in proper
order. Remember, that until the
drivers have duly investigated the cause
of the block, not an ant tries to pass
the obstacle.

When the colony is established on a
level piece of ground, a central per-
pendicular shaft is made, some eight
inches in diameter and si.x or seven
feet deep. This is for ventilating and
draining purposes only, and is never
used for ingress or egress. If the
ground slopes, the shaft is horizontal;
the mouth of course being at the bot-
tom of the hill. From the perpendic-
ular shaft, commencing at the bottom,
radiate galleries, like the spokes of a
wheel, set at a slight angle; these will
be about thirty inches long, and about
eighteen inches one above another.
At the end of each series of spokes a

circular gallery is made, forming, as it
were, a set of wheels, one above the
other. In, or rather above, these cir-
cular galleries, the nests, or dwelling
places, are constructed; oval in shape,
and about a foot long. The narrow
end of the oval is downwards, and
opens into the roof of the gallery; and,
as the spokes always slope slightly
towards the shaft, however heavy the
tropical rains may be no water can
enter the homes and breeding-places
of the ants. Once I tried the experi-
ment of diverting a rivulet of water
into the upper part of one of the nests,
hoping to dro\vn out the enemy, and
to economize labor; but it had not the
slightest effect on them, for it never
penetrated into a single nest.

When all the ground comprised
within the first series of wheels is filled
with nests, more radiating spokes are
run out from the circular galleries, and
more circular galleries made at the
end of these; and so on indefinitely,
until a space of perhaps a hundred
square yards or more is occupied.

When all the ants are at home, each
dwelling will contain many thousands
of them: queens, drivers, workers and
builders living together, apparently in
harmony.

In each nest will be found a quan-
tity of greyish, half-dried pulp, with
occasionally a few pieces of green leaf
mixed in it. The pulp is presumed to
be the leaves, reduced 1o this state by
mastication, for no other trace of them
can be discovered. Within the pulp,
which is honeycombed with holes, are
found the eggs and newly hatched
young: these latter in their early stages
being quite white and soft.

Though the wee-wees live chiefly on
leaves, they do not altogether eschew
"flesh food," as the vegetaraians call
it; for I once found a small tree-frog
in one of their nests, with most of one
hind leg eaten away. They have also
a great liking for maize, when it is
ready shelled for them, and will carry
off the corn with great ease, holding
them over their heads in the same

THE MUSEUM.

123

fashion as they do the leaves. W'hat
they do with it when they have j;ot it
home I am not prepared to say; but
most probably they eat it at once, as
no trace of it was found in their nests,
though they managed to rob me of a
considerable quantity. I well remem-
ber my surprise the fust time I became
aware of this taste of theirs. Sitting
one night in my hut, I happened to
glance at the corn-barrel, and beheld
streams of corn, as it were, slowly
running down the outside. Inspection
showed that the wee wees had smelt
out my store, and were swarming in
the barrel. They were quickly singed
out with burning pieces of paper; but
the barrel thenceforward had to be
secured by some sacking tied tightly
over the top, until the nest ivas de-
stroyed. Night after night they would
return to the barrel, but finding there
was no getting at the corn, speedily
departed.

The bull-frogs are great devourers
of these or any other ants large enough
to be worthy of their notice. When
we were digging out the first nest at the
beginning of the wet season, when the
frogs emerged from the damp mud in
which they spend the time of drought,
they would sit round the excavation at
dusk, in considerable numbers, picking
up with wonderful quickness the
drivers, as they ran about in angry
wonder at the destruction of their
homes. (}uick as they were, the big
ants would, every now and then, give
the frogs a sharp nip on the passage
down their throats, and it was most
comical to see the fat, unwieldy things
jump all-fours off the ground, and
kick out their hind legs in a very ec-
stasy of pain. It behooved us who
dug to guard ourselves as best we could
against the bites of the enemy. Of
course, one tied one's socks over one's
trousers, and paused every now and
then to brush off the intrepid foes, who
gallantly swarmed up one's nether gar-
ments to the assault. Occasionally an
ant would get within the fortifications,
despite of every precaution, and, doub-

ling up himself, ilrive his nippers deep
into a tender spot, with the result that
the victim jumped almost as vigorously
as the bull-frog. The result of my
digging was the same in both cases:
when about three-parts of the nest
was dugout, the ants that remained
alive suddenly decampea one night,
and were seen no more. I suppose
they had come to the conclusion that
it was no good to fight against the
fates. Anyhow, I was left to cultivate
my garden in peace.

E. W. Williams.

Notes on the Ground Squirrels of

Wyoming and How They are

Destroyed.

Bv F. J. Nisw.ANDER Laramie.

(Extracts from Wyoming State Re-
port. )

"Our most common species is Spcr-
viophilus fraiik/iiiii, Sabine, or the
gray prairie squirrel." The following
description will enable one to identify
the species: "Length about ten inches
from the nose to root of the tail; the
tail about five inches long. It is a
little over three-fourths the size of the
migratory or common gray or black
squirrel, though its short hair, tail and
legs make it appear smaller; and its
form is much thicker and clumsier
than that of the true squirrels. The
back is light brown, dotted thickly
with black; the under surface is grayish
white. The tail is bushy, but much
less so, as well as much shorter, than
that of the migratory species. The
color and markings often varj'. The
color above is often light yellowish
brown, varied with black. The top
and sides of the head and the sides of
the neck, purfe hoary gray. It resem-
bles in its proportions the prairie dog,
Scirunis ludoviciaiitis — Custis — the
only difference being in the size and
colorings. The hairs around the mar-
gin of the tail are grayish white, each
hair having three bars of black. This
species, Spcrmophilns franklinii, is
recorded as being found in Wisconsin,

124

THE MUSEUM.

Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota and
Kansas. It is not so abundant in
these states as in Wyoming, neither is
the damage done by it in these states
so extensive as in Wyoming. The
Laramie Plains are overrun with these
squirrels; being met with on every
hand. It seems as though this section
is especially adapted to their condi-
tions, although they are more or less
numerous through the entire state.
They are fond of diggings burrows and
sit at the mouth of these burrows on
warm pleasant days, barking at the
passerby. Away from the traveled
roads they are not shy, but near well
traveled roads they seek their burrows
upon the least alarm. They are quite
diffiult to secure when shot, as their
death struggles are always directed
toward pushing themselves further
into their burrows. They are usually
gregarious, living in colonies or small
villages, the openings of their burrows
being on the top of a gravelly knoll,
they burrow within a few feet of each
other. Several pairs often entering
the same hole.

In this portion of the state they
usually make their appearance as soon
as the frost is out of the ground. I
have seen them at the mouth of their
burrows while the ground was yet
frozen. The average time of appear-
ing is about the middle of March.
From this time until the middle of
August, or until the first of September,
they wage destruction against growing
crops. They do most of their damage
during the hottest portions of the day.
They usually go into winter quarters
about September ist, although but
few specimens were seen in 1892 after
August 20. During the summer the
grain and seeds are stored for winter
use. (The word Spcnnopliilc, mean-
ing seed lover.) The mouth of the
burrow is plugged with earth in order
to keep out the winter frost.

The methods of destroying these
pests are numerous. Many drown
them out of their burrows and then
kill them. This is a long and tedious

method. I have seen water running
from an irrigating ditch into one of the
burrows for half a day, and it seemed
as though another half-day would have
been insufficient to have filled the bur-
row. Then again, in this region, water
is often diffiult to obtain. It would in
many instances have to be drawn in
barrels or tanks for perhaps a half-
mile, or further.

Many ranchmen and gardeners use
strychnine, rough on rats, arsenic and
other poisonous substances. Usually
corn or some kind of grain is soaked
in a solution of one of these poisons
and is then placed near their burrows.
This method has in some instances
been satisfactory. There is danger
arising from the practice of such a
method: Stock, poultry and the wild
birds are as liable to get the grain as
are the squirrels.

During the summer of 1892, a num-
ber of experiments, having in view
the destruction of these squirrels, was
carried on upon the Laramie Experi-
ment Farm. For this purpose a
quantity of bi-sulphidc of carbon was
used. This liquid is Iiiglily inflavi-
iiiablt and should NEl^ER be broitglit
near a fire, for fear of an explosion.
It is not poisonous or corrosive to the
skin, and may be handled with impun-
ity. Avoid breathing it; the vapor is
unwholesome. The only danger is
when brought in the presence of fire —
a lighted pipe, cigar or match would
in all probability cause an explosion.
Bi-sulphide of carbon should be kept
from children and irresponsible per-
sons, as they are liable to drink it,
and the consequences might be serious.
The unpleasant odor is easily and
readily detected and by observing the
proper precaution, no danger need be
feared. The method of applying is to
take a ball of cotton, about the size of
an egg, and thoroughly saturate it
with the bi-sulphide of carbon. With
a rolling motion throw the cotton
into the burrow and close the opening
with some earth. The operation is
simple and the result certain. The

«

vniiaRiiBOBitausK.rvmiwsft'x'jw.:;

THE MUSEUM.

125

bi-sulphide of carbon evaporates rap-
iilly, and being heavier than air, soon
tills the burrow and smothers or over-
comes the squirrels.

The application should be made in
the evening, at sun-down, as the squir-
rels are in their burrows at this time
and the material will not be '.cnstci/.
A pint of this liquid will be sufficient
to treat twenty burrows.

On the I.araniine Experiment Farm
ninety-six burrows were treated during
the month of July. The applications
were, with few exceptions, made in
the evening. The next day the treat-
ed burrows were \isited and in no in-
stance had the earth which had been
used for plugging the opening been
disturbed. A second and third visit to
these burrows found them securely
plugged. In two instances

some animal, presumably a ground
squirrel, had made an effort to dig
open the burrow from the outside.
The opening extended only to the bail
of cotton, when, from all appearances,
the task was given up. In forty-three
instances "gophers" (squirrels) were
driven or seen going into the burrows.
These were treated at once, and fot-
tunately none were opened. It is safe
to conclude that none of them return-
ed to the snrface.

It may be that others would not
have the success that attended these
experiments, although it is no more
than fair to presume that with the ex-
ercise of carefulness and thoroughness
everyone ought to be attended with
the some success.

Jumping Beans.

The socalled "Jumpmg Beans"
which many of the Museum readers
have doubtless seen, come from New
Mexico and grow on the plant Sabas-
tiania pciliiicri. It is a loose growing
shrub, from five to eight feet high, and
the wood is very hard. It excludes a
great deal of milky juice, which is
utilized by the Indians as poison for
their arrows. The juice is also fre-
quently found crystali;?ed into a clear

white, brittle substance. In the ap-
pearance of the wood it reminds one
somewhat of the witch hazel, and in
the leaf, of a broad leaved willow. As
in the case with other plants of the
same family, the seeds split open
when ripe, if they are not infested by
insects. When the seed capsules are
quite small, eggs are laid on many by
a species of Cnip/io/il/ia. The young
larva hatches, and penetrates the seed,
very much as in the case of the com-
mon Pea Weavel. As the seed de-
velops, the larva also grows, and spins
a carpet of silk over the inside of the
bean which prevents it from separat-
ing as in the natural state. The full
grown larva, by its holding fast to the
silken lining by its anal and two hind
pair of abdominal pro-legs, which
have strong hooks, then draws back
the head and fore body, the thoracic
parts swelling and the thoracic legs
being withdrawn. The contracted
parts being then suddenly released,
the larva vigorously taps the wall of
its cell with head, sometimes thrown
from side to side, but more often
brought directly down as in the mo-
tion of a Woodpecker when tapping
for insects, thus causing the peculiar
jumping motions of the beans. The
seed will thus move whenever warmed,
for several months.

The Living Agr has bought the
right to use serially Neil Munro's strik-
ing story, "John Splendid," which is
now running in Blarkiiwotf s Maga-
zine. It is begun in the Living Age
for May 28, and will be published in
weekly instalments until it is complet-
ed. It is Scotch — but not too Scotch;
and as W. L. Alden has well said it
marks a wide departure from the
"kailyard school" of fiction.

Withou' L0V6.
Cold and chill the siinsblDe falls,
The beavy wind stirs not a stalk,
Eyes do not turn, no vo'ce Is beard.
N'o band Is lilted, nolblng moves.
Nor lives, nor hath Its being.

126

THE MUSEUiM.

Small Shells by the Dozen.

Our stock of small shells, (nice Cabinet
specimens) is ever on the increase. We offer
an attractive li^t tliismonlli and solicit j'our
orders A)l will be sent prepaid on receipt
of price, llinieniber we only offer and send
out live collected specimens tliat are in tirst-
class order One lialt dozen of the more ex-
pensive kinds will be sold at dozen rates. For
from 1 to 3 cents e.xtra per specie, we will put
specimens in glass vials when possible to do
so. Dozen

Acm?.ea testudinalis $ 25

" spectrum 15

Angitrema verrucosa 10

Acauthinula harpa 08

Anomia ephippuui l'^

Area ponderosa ''O

" pexata 50

C Ji'ithiuiii minimus . 10

muscarium 10

vertagus 100

Cerithidea scalaritormis 10

(Jhlorostoma fnnebrale 30

" bruneum 30

Chiton ruber GO

squamosus 60

Cjclostoma elegans 15

Crucibulum sp 20

Crepidula plana 20

Columoella niercatoria 15

" fulgui'ans 10

Clausilia bidens 15

grisea 15

" modensis 15

Chama arciuella 40

Carditta iloiidana 20

Crenella glnndula 15

Crepidula foruicata 15

Cypraea annul us 15

caput-serpenlis 20

' icttriua 25

': lynx .....20

moueta 20

•' turdus 48

Dentalium entails 20

Donax variabilis 10

Docina discus 30

Fissurella barbadensis 20

Glandina truncata 40

Helix (American.)

," alternata 10

" appressa 15

•' albolabris 20

" auriculata 20

" arborea 10

" clausa 10

cereolus 15

■" concava 15

" carpenteriana 15

" columbianus i, . . ;.-... . .15

exoleta .^ .•.....■.. .20

" elevata ; 20

" fidelis ;.:..C0

■' fallax ..13

'" fraternum 15

*' gularis 15

" hirsuta 15

hortensis (U. S.) 15

inliecta 15

Helix interna 15

" mitchelliana 20

multilineata 20

" monodon 15

" orbiculata 10

" profunda 15

' ' Penusylvanica 20

; ' perspectiva 10

palliata 20

" spinosum 20

striatella 10

" stenotrema 15

" septemvolva 15

Solitaria 20

' " throides 15

" tridentata 10

Helix (Foreign.)

" aperta 40

aspersa 25

auricoma 50

" candidula 15

caudicans 20

" carniolicus 30

cingulata 50

creiica 30

carthusiana 30

cantiana 30

" derbentina. . . . 30

■' ericetorum 20

" fruticum 40

■' hnvtensis 30

hispida 25

•• lactea 30

lapicida 30

nemoralis 30

" obvia 20

" olivieri 40

" pisania 15

profuga 15

•' pomatia 40

" varians 20

' ' vermiculata 30

Lottia gigantea 10

Littornia augulifera 15

" irrora'a 20

litorea 20

" nerito;de.i 15

" planaxis 10

rudis 15

1-imuca ( xilis 10

(lodes 10

" stagnalis 20

lAicina tigerina 30

Machaera costata 20

Macoma lusca 15

'• iuquinata 25

Modiola plicatula 15

Melantho integer 15

Melampus coffeus 15

'• lutens 15

Mai'ginella apicana 10

■' guttata 30

Nerita peleronta 10

" politi 35

■' quadricolor 25

'• tessellata 15

" variabilis 15

Neritiua cumiDgiaua 15

reclivata 15

virginica 10

" zigzag 10

Nassa absoleta 15

THE MUSEUM.

127

""■^"sol^brl"'";::;;;;;;;;;;;;;.::::::::::!!; BOOKS.

Olivix inli;ita 30 "Puts of tlio Hou.-x'liolil' by Thos. M. Karl,

'• litterata 30 160 panes giving full instructions for Ihe feeil-

hiplicata '20 inj? and c-aru of all Cage Birds, ISO cents.

OTuella tloralia 10 "IVuikese." A deliglitfully told story of Ibe

rilzia 08 Agassi/. Natural Histtiry at Huzzird's Bay,

voliitella 10 Mass., including extracts from Prof. Agassiz"s

Orlholicus fasciatuiu (iO Lectures. i)d pages and jilate, 25 cents.

solida (iO "Notes on the Natural History of Labra

I'ecten irridians .lO dor." by W. A. Stearns, 74 pages covering

Petrie'iila pholadiforniis >'0 Birds, Manuals, Fishes. Shells, etc , 50 cents.

Planuibis eouipaniilatus 10 "Birds of Michigan," by A. .). Cook, 108

" trivolvis 10 pages profusely illustrated, ,'0 cents.

Planax's suleatus 15 -Natiiralisls Manual,' by Oliver Uiire,

Piivsa heteroitropha 10 gives key to Nest and Kggs of Thrushes. War-

Purpura laptllus 10 oles. Wrens. Tanagors, Vireos, Tils, Swal-

saxieola '-0 lows and Shrikes Also directions for col-

Scapharea transversa '25 lecliug and preparing Kggs, Skins and Insects

Solen rnsis 30 and uiounliug Birds. 1'25 pages wi;h many

Sphaeiiura simile 10 illustrations. 35 cents.

striatinuni ; 10 'Key to the Nest and Eggs of North Auieri-

rosaeeuni 10 can Birds." 2nd edition illustrated. No des-

" variabile 10 cription of this pnpul.ir woik needid. 184

Sirophia iiva 10 pagis, 7 plates, $1 00.

iocana 10 All these are new in paper covers, and will

."^calaria groenlandica 50 be mailed postpiid on iec(fip't of price. Ad-

.-^igiritus perspeetivus 25 dress KRSEST H. SHOR l', Albion, N. Y.

Stenogvra decollata 25

."^uccinea obliqua 10 Samantha at Saratoga, in a New DresB.

I erebra dislocala 20 °

Tectarius muricaliis 10 One of the funniest of all the funny

Tellina ridiata 20 books is ceitainly '•Samantha at Sara-

alternata 20 toga.'' Will Carleton pronounces it

Trigonia peclinata (single valves) 30 "delicious humor" ami Bishop New-

Utuboniuui conicuiu 10 man says it is 'bitterest s.alire, coaled

elegans 10 with the sweetest of axhilarating fun."

Ursalphinx lioridani." 15 Formerly published by subscription at

Virtrina limpida 10 the price of $ J 50, and sold, it is said.

Volvata tricarinata 10 by the liuudred thousand, it has recent-
Make up your order at once before our ly been issued in an exquisite little
stock of many kinds is exhausted. All care- cloth bound volume in the ' Cambridge
fully labeled, name, authority, locality, etc., Classics" series by the celebrated cheap-
and prepaid on receipt of price. book publishers. Hurst & Co , of New
WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr., York, as a means of widely advertising
Alhinn IM V that series, and is sold at the fabulously
/\iDion, IN. I. 1^^^, price of 25 cents. It would seem
strange if they should not sell a million
of them. They are sold by booksellers,
or the publishers direct.

DO YOU WANT LABELS?

1 have 10.000 labels 15x1 inch, printed in
red on buff brislol card, at 4c per 100, post-
paid. Letter Heads, 35c per 100. Envelopes,
35c per 100. All kinds of labels. Send copy
and stamp for prices on naturalists' printing
of any kind. I). H. KATOX,

Woburn, Mass,

HEADQUARTERS FOR BOOKS:-W e are

still headquarters for desirable Natural His-
tory Books, back numbers of Magazines, etc.
"We will pay cash or exchange for Volunaes of
the Auk for 1800. 1891 and 1«92. U you have
any back numbers of the Auk. write us with
list. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

HAWKS EGGS:— We will pay cash for

Lsome Bne sets of Hawks eggs. They must be

I well marked specimens. Send us a list of

iny such you have to olTer, and we will make

aid in cash or specimens a" vou prefer. W.

»F. WEBB. Mgr , Albion. N. Y.

pine G^o^bcak.

Beautiful Sets with Nests.

They are going like hot cakes. If you want a
set now is your lime.

References, J. Parker Norris, Jr., Phila.

Wm. Brewster, Cambridge, Mass.

These men ought to know what a reliable
set of such rare eggs means.

Send your order now.

Prof. Carl Braun, Naturalist,

Bangor, Me., U. S. A.

SMALL ATLANTIC STARS. -Fine lot at
25c. dozen net. Beautifullv prepared W. F.
WEBB, Mgr, Albion, N. Y.

128

THE MUSEUM.

MINERALS!

We have thefollowiug minerals we will sell
by the pound. Orders go best by freight.
Prices are net.

PER LB

Biotite, Canada $ 10

Calcite in Crystals, Colo 10

Cannel Coal/Ky 05

Chalcopyrite. Colo 05

Chalcedony, Fla .... 10

Copper, Native Lake Superior 25

Coquinia, Fla 05

Dolomite, N, Y 05

Galena, Colo 05

Garnets in Rock, N. H 05

Gold Ore, So. Dak 05

Gypsum, Mich 05

" Satin Spar, Eug 15

Hematite, N. Y 04

Indurated Clay, Mo 05

Limonite, Me 05

Magnetite, Ark 05

Mica, Curved, Mass 05

Onyx, massive, Mex 05

sawed in slabs, Mex 10

Orthoclase, Mass 05

Pelrihed Wood, Mont 10

Pyrites, Colo 05

Porcelamite. Mont 05

Pyrolusite. N. S 05

Quartz, Milky. Colo 05

Tourmaline, Me 05

All carefully labelled and packed.

W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

This is my
Proposition.

Let me seuil, for your inspection, charges postpaid,
35 of the Famous Quartz Crystals found at
this place. If this collection of Brilliant Gems pleases
you. kindly send 70 cents only, otherwise return the
collection and it will be O. K. Highest Award at the
World's Fair. Order today. 2to

.4,. B. CRini,

middlevllle, HerUinier Co., :?;. V.

WE BUY STAMPS

AND

OLD STAMP GOLLEGTIONS

Send us what you have with lowest cash
price or we will make you an offer if you
wish. We pay express or postage one way.

DR. J. W. FOWLER,

DUBUQUE. lA.

When anszvcring advertisements al-
zvays mention THE MUSEUM.

JAMES P. BABBITT,

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird
Skins, Eggs and Publications,

TAUNTON, MASS.

Our large monthly bulletin of Skins, Eggs, etc. free
upon application.

Fine Imported
Shells.

Compare these prices with other dealers.

Murex ternispiua 15c

Murex chrysostomus 20

Melongena vespertilio 18

Melongena Paradesica 10

Triton tritorins 75

Triton olearium 25

Ranella albivaricosa 16

Eburna Japonica 15

Eburua lutosa 12

Harpa ventricosa 20

Harpa articularis 30

Turbinella cornigera 15

rhinoceros 15

capitellum 15

Volula vespertitio 10

Cassidaria echinopea 12

Conus betulinus 25

miles 20

" generalis 20

'■ capitaneus 15

Strombus Pernvianus 50

Pterocera Scorpio 35

aurantia 28

rugosa 25

Cypni'a talpa 15

' • tigris 12

mauriliana 20

Ovula ovum 20

Turbo Sarmaticus 20

Trochus Mauritiana 10

Nanina humphreysiana 15

Bulimus interruptus 15.

Jostoma 25

Auricula auris Midic 12

Cytherea lusoria 35

l^ardium Pseudolina 50

fragum 15

Hippopus maculatus 25

The above lot lists $8.40. at the low cut rates
named and prepaid. Anyone who will order
the entire lot can have them for $7 and we
will pay charges to any part of U. S.. Canada,
or Mexico. All are imported from Europe by-_
ourselves and are a new lot opened up the day
before going to press. Address quick.

W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

BIG FLORID.V STARS.— A new lot of these ,
mammoth Stars a foot in diameter at $3,00 a. I
dozen. Single ."specimen prepaid for 60c. /
They are big and heavy. W. F. WEBB, Mgr '
Albion, N. Y. ■ '

Till- MI'sITM

#

Wy*\*L:iJ-Jl:

\ liavp on hanil an

Immense Stock
of Eggs

Jn ainples or sets in line series, with
npst,s of many.

Our prices are as low as any, and on
largo onlyrs «p will pive wholesale
rales. Scml four cents stamps for
Trice List.

TI TCT ni ITi "Nest and Eggs of North American Birds,"

Fifth t-illl!iin: Ki-vlsed. .iiit,'mont.ed auil profusely Oln>t.r.it«l, ofii) page.s. octavii. I'Xtra lUiili. 82.2.5, iiostpukl.

EOO "TOOLS.

ALL KINDS AND PRICE. BEST THAT CAN BE MADE.

>i*i. I. I.oii'^ ll:iii<lH*.

-Nn. 0 1.K'

• 1 2.5

• 3 35

• 3 r,o

■^ 4 (iO

.5 80

• (t $1

Kngraved handle, fitted with machine cut

tiiirrs

fiO(

Fine Machine cut Burr Drills. Blowpipes.

.1."), .2.5 .35, 50c each.

llaiidblower (works line for c(?gs) .*l.(i0 i)nsl-

paiil.
Knihryo Hook, engraved liandlc, 15c.
KngraviMl hamllejiltcd with three sizes hooks,

00c

COMBINATION EGG SET. SPECIAL 1898 MODEL.

Fine nickel-platcil engraved handle, tilled with three sizes machine cut drills and 3 sizes
Knil)rvo Hooks wirh blowpipe in pocket case, itOc post piid. Knibryo Scissf)rs, 25, .50, $1.00.
Caliper*. 25, 35 Sliding caliper, grailnate'l ;.. hiindreths. %\ 00. K<{g cases, (glass tops) $1..50
by express Climbing irons of best make. $1..">0 with straps. $2. .50; by express Data blanks in
block form. 15. 20, 25c per 100; check bool style, 50c. I'lnk cotton per sheet 10c, per imckage,
r.Oc. postpaid. Pencil-! -soft for marking eggs— red, bine or black. 10c postpaid. Send 4 cents
in stamps for complete catalogue.

CHAS. K. REED, T.VPH'JMAS ST.. WORCESTER, MASS.

■I
■J

THE MUSEUM.

We have received a fine lot of these Big Eggs
direct from South Africa at probably the

GREATEST BARGAIN EVER MADE !

While present supply lasts we will send A 1
specimens

Prepaid for Only $1.00

Order at once before they are all gone. All are
as nice big specimens as you ever saw.

TO DEALERS. If any of our subscribers have stores where they can
exhibit them or can take orders, we will make a liberal discount on dozen
lots or upwards. Write us quick if you can sell a dozen or more.

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

^

Kerr & Perham.

BLENCOE, IOWA. SANDWICH, ILLS.

TAXIDERMISTS, DEALERS AND COLLECTORS,

Taxidermist's, Oologist's, Entomologist's and Botanist's Supplies,
Publications, Bird Skins, Eggs, Shells, Curios, Novelties, etc.

Send IOC for our New Price List and Handbook. Correspondence Solicited,.

I
I

(:

I

VOL. IV.

NO. 9.

JULY, 1898.

u±v?\

A Journal Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

RA TES: — j^o cts. per year to all countries, in advance. Single numbers, 5 cts.

i

Published on the 1 5th of each month by Museum Publishing Co., Albion, N. Y.

11

THE MUSEUM.

Two New Books.

The following two books, both just out since the last number of the Museum,
we consider the best of their kind ever written. We have carefully examined both,
and unhesitatingly recommend them to our readers.

THE ART of TAXIDERMY, By John Rowley, Chief of the Depart-
ment of Taxidermy in the American Museum of Natural History, New York.

This work is 12 mo, 245 pages, illustrated with twenty full page half tone
plates, and 59 illustrative drawings. It is finely printed and beautifully and sub-
stantially bound in cloth.

We cannot do better than quote from the preface, in part: "It is a fact much
to be regretted, that many taxidermists by reason of their extreme jealously and
narrowness of mind, are exceedingly loath to communicate new ideas and discov-
eries to their fellow workers. But, thanks to the more general enlargement and
increase in number of scientific museums of late years, a number of men of genius
and education have taken up the study of the art. It is largely owing to their ex-
ertions that the Taxidermy of the present day is so far in advance of what it was a
decade since; and the few works on the subject that have been written have been
eagerly devoured by every progressive taxidermist in the country."

What Mr. Rowley says in above paragraph every taxidermist knows by exper-
ience. We constantly meet with skillful men in the Taxidermic art, that are un-
willing to divulge a single one of their many little secrets gained from long years
of experience. Were it not for such men as Mr. Rowley, every youth with tax-
idermy aspirations would have to work out every branch of the trade himself.

The work, like Chapman's Birds of Eastern North America, is as complete as
modern brains can make it. Every detail is fully explained and up to date. In
the forepart of the work Mr. Rowley takes his readers to an ideal resort for game
of all sorts, such as he has several times visited in recent years, and explains every
detail of such a trip from start to finish, how to skin every bird and animal taken
on the trip and preserve the specimens properly, how they set their traps and
where, in short every imaginable detail that one would meet with. These are all
drawn from actual trips, and not as two often the case from "fancy." 59 pages
is devoted to this, every page of which is full of points of value to the Taxidermist,
Sportsman cfhd Naturalist. Chapter 2 is devoted to tools and materials, all being
described and many figured. Chapter 3 is devoted to casting. Chapter 4 to birds,
every detail of making skins and mounting being covered. Chapter 5 is devoted
to mammals. Chapter 6 to fish, reptiles and crustaceans. Chapter 7 to skeletons.
Chapter 8 to reproduction of foliage for making groups and every detail of making
cases from the smallest to the most elaborate. We have constantly had a call for
a work covering this and can now recommend the above book as filling the want
completely. This covers all the more important things treated of in the work.
The price is $2.00 postpaid. We have secured sorne of the first that are out and
solicit your order.

TBE NESTS AND EGGS OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS, by Oliver Davie
At last we are able to announce the delivery of the flfth edition of this worli. We have a
liberal supply of them on hand and can fill orders on date of receipt. The work consists of
oyer 500 pages with a large number of illnstrations. The number is not given but we should
think at least 300. While the number of pages in this edition is only about T."} more than in
the fourth edition it is printed in much smaller type, so that we believe the actual information
contained in the work is quite double that of the last edition. We cordially solicit your orders.
The price is $2.25 prepaid. Anyone who desires both of above books, can have them by
sending $4.00 at once. Prepaid by mail or Express. ,

W. F. WEBB, Mgr., ALBION, N. Y.

THE MUSEUM.

WAiNTS, EXCHANGES AND FOR SAJ.ES.

All notii-ps that i-onie under above will be inserted in tliis dcpaitnioiil until furllier notice
at one (I) cent a won!. No notice less than 25c. Terms Cash with ( iiler. No clxirge for
address. I shall at all times endeavor to keep parties, whose reputation is of a doubtful char-
acter from using these columns.

INDIAN RELICS FOR SALE.— Fine pot-
ter}", pipes, desiral)le specimens in Hint, slate
and stone. Outlines upon request. \\"i\\
purchase largo and small lots of Indian rel-
ics. UK. \V. O KMORY, Crawfordsville.
Ind. 2tJul

WANTEU— Elk, Moose and Caribou
Scalps, alsi Antlers with Skulls. Sand price
list to F. SCHWAKZ, Taxidermist, 1520 La-
fayette Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

FOR EXCHAN'tiE OR SALE.-At low
rates line .'ets of followiug ef^gs: 293a, 311.
313, 318, 3l'J, 325. 32G, 33.3. 31S, 363, 410. 417,
lilt, 421. 4ST, .5'Jt, (iy5, 70(5, 707. 512. THOS.
H. J.ACKSON, 313 K. Biddle St., West Chest-
er, Pa.

TO EXCHANGE. A hujje list of strictly
first class eggs in full sets with full and au-
thentic data. I will give part cash for good
sets of Warblers. Send list and receive
mine. L. ERNEST MARCEAU, No. 1088
Blufl St., Dubuquo, Iowa.

TO EXCHANGE.— Fine sets ofMallard.Cin-
namonTeal,Avocet, Black Stilt. Red Heatl and
White Face Glossy Ibis. The latter can be
supplied in series of from one to one dozen
sets. Send your list e.Ncludins: eggs cata-
logued at 2.je. or und.r. A. M. sFlIELDS,
Crocker Building, San Francisco, Calif.

SCHOOL COLLECTIONSl-We recently
sold a line of our $25 00 School Collections to
the Newark Valley, N. Y-, High School. An
•.:nsolicited letter from the principal says:
'■I desire to say that wo are well pleased with
the cabinet we purchased from you. It was
Accepted and highly praised by the L'nivcr-
sity of New York by its representative scLt
to inspect our school. Whenever you desire
to refer to uic please do so." J S. KlNCiS-
LEY, Ph. B . Principal High Scho,.!, Newark
Valley, N. Y.

I HAVF; live cleer, black and bald eagles,
also black, and gray, fox. and red squirrels.
Birds' skins, birds' eggs. Game heads; snakes,
turtles, lizards, antlers of elk and deer,
mounted specimens, will sell cheap or trade
for a good No. 12 hammerless or any high-
grade .shot gun. Enclose stamp for reply.
C. F. FIFE, Denver, Ind.

BIG FLORIDA STARS— A now lot of these
mammoth Stars a foot in diameter at $2 00 a
dozen. Single .'•pecinien |)rcpaid for liOc.
They are big and heavy. W F WEBB, Mgr
Albion, N. Y.

BIRD SKINS — To close out we offer White
fronted Goose $1.00;Fla Red-shouldered Hawk
female 30 cents; Bobwhite 40 cents; Marsh
Hawk 50 cts ; Shortear Owl 50 cts.; (ireat
Horned Owl 50 cts; Koad Runner 30 cts.;
Mexican Cormorant OD els ; Barn Owl 75 cts.;
American Merganser 40 cts; Screech Owl 25
cts.; Pintail Duck 40 cts, ; Sora Rail 15 cts.;
American Bittern 25 cts; Blue-fronted Jay
30 cts.. Crow 25 cts.. Calif. C^nail 35 cts.;
Sharp-shinned Hawk 35 cts.; Great Blue
Heron 00 cts. ; Red-breasted Merganser 50 cts.;
Black Duck 40 cts.; fifty Plovers and Sand-
pipers at 7c. each; twenty large Ducks at 15c.
each; large lot of other birds including 400
small skins at 5 to 20c. each. Miimnial skins.
California (Jrey S<|uirrel 40 cts.; Mink OOcls.;
Ermine 35 cts ; Red Squirrel 25 cts.; Oregon
(iround Squirrel 50 cts., Opossum 50 cts.:
Fia. Grey Squirrel 30 cts.; Marsh Rabbit 25
cts; Musk Rat 40 cts.: Porcupiue 75 cts.;
Skunk, small, 50 cts : Flying S(iuirrel 25 cts.;
Chipmunk 20 cts ; Western Chipmunk 20 cts.;'
Box Turtle 30 cts ; AlligiUor 3* ft. $2.00; Alli-
gator C ft. $5.00; Bull frog 25 cts ; Yellow-
bellied Fresh Water Terrapin $1.50; twelve
snake skins, large for belts 20 cts. each; six
opossum Hat skins 40 cts ; 1 Fla. Coon Hat 40
cts.; 1 Otter :•; grown $1.50 Lot other skins
at similar prices. Any of above on approval.
Order quick or you will get left. VV. F.
WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

CALIFORNIA SEA SHELLS:-Mermaid

cva.A\e(Moprilin rAlinln). fine, large, 25c; small-
er, 15e: Owl shell {l.ollia ijigatitca),^2 in., 5c;
Monoceros engonatum, 5c; Red ear, BitUolis
rufcsccns), small, 5c; Black ear {l/uliotis
crac/ierodii), small, 5c. Write for my lists of
California Sea Shells and Curios. FRANK
W. SMirH, 638 Orange St., Redlauds, Calif.

OSTRICH EGGS:-Until August 1st by Ex-
press for $1.15. One African Ostrich Egg
One Package. K. & P. Preservative and Tax-
idermy made easy. KERR & PERHAM,
Blencoe, Iowa.

DATAS:— 20 styles and si/.es. Send stamp
for sheet. Check book style with reference
stub, postpaid 27 cents. KERR & PER-
HAM, Blencoe, Iowa.

MUSEUMS:— A c.implete file of Volumes
one, two and three. 3(5 numbers in all, will be
sent prepaid to any part of the U. S.. Canada
or Mexico for $2. Order now while we have
complete files lo oiler. We will also exchange
for good books on Ornithology. W. F. WEBB
Mgr , Albion, N. Y.

,--/

[3°

THE MUSEUM.

MANDARIN DUCK SKfNS!— Do you
know this is cousidered the finest duck in the
world? We have a few more tine male skins
at $1.75 prepaid by mail. Also a few of those
choice Japanese Pheasant skins, usually sold
at $4.00 each; our price $1.75 for males and
$1.25 for females or $3 00 for pair. If wanted
by mail send 30 cts. extra. They are hand-
some and a bargain. W. F. WEBB, Mgr. ,
Albion. N. Y.

FOR SALE:— The first cash offer, 465 1-5,
.597 1-5, 529 1-5, 269 1-3, 755 1-4, 406 1-5, 412 1-7,
263 1-4, 475 1-3, .'yOl 15. 444 1 5, 488 1 4, 507 1-4.
CLAUD H. Mccarty, Petersburg, Mich.

WANT:— At sets with data of Hawks,
Grouse, Quail, Plover and many other.
Send list of what you have. Catalogue for
4o stamp CHAS. K. REED, Worcester,
Mass.

FOR EXCHANGE at one-third to three
fourths catalogue rates for common sets a,
number of sets and singles from Labrador,
not strictly first class, including the followiuEt
species: Black Guillemot, Murre, Brunche's
Murre, Razorbill, Kittiwake. Leeches Petrel,
Red- breasted Merganser. Old Squaw, North-
ern Eider, Semipalmated Plover, Semipalm-
ated Sandpiper, Willow Ptarmigan, Rein-
hardts Ptarmigan, American Roughleg.Short-
eared Owl, White-crowned Sparrow, Redpoll,
Tree Sparrow, American Pipit, and Gray-
checked Thrush. Series desired. Taylor's
catalogue. No postals.. Address Lock Box
27, Arlington, Mass.

NOVELTIES in Fancy Thermometors
mounted in Angel Wing Shells and others.
Prepaid 35 cents. Send stamp for Photo.
Special prices in dozen lots. KERR & PER-
HAM, Biencoe, Iowa.

WALRUS TUSKS:— We have some of the
largest tusks ever collected. These are a
great curio. Our finest specimens are $5.00
net, some equally as long, but not so hea\'y
for $4 00. Extra large Sperm whale teeth, at
$2.00, or finely . engraved ones, done by sail-
ors, really creditable work, for $3.50 to $4 00.
Small teeth, two to three inches long at 50
cents each. Hundreds of other curios of like
nature. Send for lists. W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,
Albion, N.Y.

WANTED. — Warbler Skins in large quan-
tity. Send full list of what you have or what
you can get. I oft'er copies of my own Publi-
cations, including new editions of Birds of
Eastern North America. Also want a few
collectors to shoot Warblers and preserve en-
tire informatiou. Write me at once and men-
tion MusEDM, C. J. MAYNARD, 447 Crafts
St., West Newton, Mass.

HERMIT CRABS IN SHELL, finely cleaned
and preserved. Each one wrapped in a tin
box. per dozen, $1.50. W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,
Albion, N. Y.

A PAIR of Strapped Climbing Irons by Ex'
press until July 1st, only $3.25. KERR &
PEKHAM, Biencoe, Iowa.

DON'T FORGET.— When you need a set of
Oiilogist's or Taxidermists Tools, write us.
We can furnish them at reasonable prices.
Our new Catalogue and Handbook now
ready. Price 10c in stamps. KERR &
PERUAM, Biencoe, Iowa.

EXCHANGE ADS. FREE —Any reader of
the MnsUEM who will send 25 cents and an
addressed and stamped envelope, to Popular
Science, 108 Fulton St., New York, for a three
months trial subscription, will be presented
with a Fifty Cent want advertising coupon.
Sample copies free. See additional particu-
lars on adv. in this issue.

FOR EXCHANGE.— First-class sets with
data to exchange forother first-class sets with
daty. Southern or Western eggs preferred.
EVERETT E. JOHNSON, No. 9 Bartlett St.,
Lcwistou, Maine.

AMATEUR TAXIDERMISTS— Until July
1st, we will send by exp7-ess for $1.50, 1 pkg.
K & P. Preservative, 1 copy of Taxidermy
Made Easy, 1 Scalpel, 1 Eye Instrument and
I Manual. KERR & PERHAM, Biencoe, la.

Fine Florida Shells.

We have every facility tor furnishing collectors or
dealers with Florida Shells, or Souvenirs. We have
had long experience in collecting, and the Editor of
the Museum, has, unsolicited by us. offered to answer
any inciuiries as to our responsibility or fair dealing.
If you wish to see quality of specimens before placing
larger orders, send $1 for a box of Jsamples. All
cleaned and correctly named. Price list for stamp
and all inquiries promptly answered. Give us a trial.

J. H. HOLMKS, DUNEDIIV, FLA.

POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS,

Nature, Invention, ArchEeoIoy. Elec-
tricity, Chemistry. Mineralogy, Hy-
giene. MeCicine, Health.

F.rnierly BOSTON JOURNAL OF CHEMISTMY.

ENLARGED and IMPROVED.

This popular monthly contains a largenum-
lier of Short, Easy, Practical, luteresting and
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reader, even though he knew little or nothing
of Science. It is intended to interest those
who think.

Profusely Illustrated.

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Entirely Difl'erent from and Much Superior to
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Monthly, 51-60 per year; Newsdealers, 1 5c

Largest Circulation of any
Scientific Paper.

LILLARD & CO..
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Mention Mt;SEUIVI for a sample copy.

THE MUSEUM.

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

Vol. IV.

ALBION, N. Y., JULY 15, 1898.

No. 9

Notes on the Snowy Owl in Cap-
tivity-

.\s I reside in a part of Manitoba in
which during the winter months A'li -
tiii nyitcn is often very abundant I
think a few notes on this species will
not come amiss to the readers of the
Mlsel'm; so sit down to make a few
notes on a pair I possessed during the
past winter.

The beautiful Snowy Owl is quite
an abundant bird with us some win-
ters and as far as my observations go
I can give no cause for the peculiar-
ities of these migrations.

The winter of 1889, the first I spent
here, they were very abundant com-
ing to us as early as October about
the 5th of the month during a cold
snap when the mercury reached 12
degrees below ^ero, and staying till
May, all through the winter, which was
not very severe. I observed them ev-
erywhere I went and noticed a great
many white or almost white ones
among thern.

Again in 1S93 they appeared early,

about the middle of October, and in

large numbers, being equally plentiful

all through the wmter, the last one I

saw being on a fence post on the

lOth of May; and again this winter

they visited us in very large numbery,

being plentiful all winter. I nolice<]

the first arrival on the 24th of October

nd although the winter has been mild

nd but little snow they remained with

3 imtil the latter end of April.

About 60 birds of this species have

; assed through my hands this winter,

•1 all, of which not one was pure

vhite, there being a few black spot.s

n the crown of the head and a few

•narks on the wing pin feathers of the

hitest

However, to return to my subject.

In November I bought a pair from a
boy who trapped them and kept them
in a pen to observe their habits, but as
they were so plentiful I advertised
them and disposed of them to a Mr.
Clark of Huntsville, Ohio, and a few
days after I secured another pair.
These were also trapped and soon got
over their swollen legs and became
lively enough for Owls. I got another
pair about two weeks later and as I
was very busy I put them all in the
same cage which unfortunately was
none too large for the comfort of its
occupants.

However they got along very well
till near the middle of April when they
became restless and during early
morning and evening hours made most
persevering efforts to escape but with-
out success. About this time I built
a large house for them 14x10 ft. where
I put them hoping my labors might be
rewarded by a set of pretty white eggs,
but I noticed one of them, the largest
and darkest, was mopish and did not
take food and after a couple of days
it shuflled off its mortal coil without
further notice. A post mortem e.\-
amination developed the fact that it
was a female with some %vell devel-
oped eggs in its ovary. What was
the cause of its decease I could not
ascertain, but I was afraid it got hurt
by the other birds in their efforts to
escape in answer to the instinct that
tells them to repair to the northern
latitudes at the approach of warm
weather. This left me with but three
of my pets on hand and I soon dis-
covered what I had feared, that they
were all males. I kept them till June
when my absence leaving them in
danger of starvation I gave them their
liberty and they went on to the north
to spend the hot summer months in
their cool Arctic home.

13:

THE MUSEUM.

From the observations I have made
I am of the opinion that the white or
nearly white birds are the older males,
the spotted small birds the younger
males and the large dark ones the fe-
males. In size they vary considerably
specimens which I have measured be-
ing from 2 1 to 25,^ inches in length
and extent 58 to 65 inches. They
hunt by day and by night always, ex-
cept on stormy days, perching on the
highest place they can find, a fence
post, top of a straw stack, top limb of
a tree or other elevated station upon
which they can command the sur-
rounding country and sit " there for
hours together watching for their prey.
At night when the moon was shining
brightly I have observed them station-
ed on a stable or barn roof or the
chimney or stove pipe on top of a
house, their white plumage glistening
in the moonlight.

They are not very large eaters and
I was surprised to find how little it
took to keep these birds alive and like
other birds of prey a good feed will
last them quite a while. They live
for .the most part on rabbits and mice
which in the winter are quite plentiful.
My pets got so high-toned from being
fed on dressed meat that on one oc-
casion when I was away over night I
threw in a rabbit and on my return
found they had not touched it, it hav-
ing lain in their cage 36 hours without
the skin being torn. I fed mine on
the bodies of birds and animals I had
skinned and they seemed to like to be
saved the trouble of taking their own
prey. I gave them a snake once but
they did not eat it and seemed to pre-
fer animals to birds. A fresh ground
squirrel or gopher, quite warm would
be devoured before anything else.

They were very quiet during the win-
ter, the only call I heard thena make
then resembled "qua" and they had a
sharp shrill squeak or rather whistle
when hurt which they emitted when
in their fruitless efforts to escape
about migratory season they would
scramble over each other and hurt

each other with their sharp claws.
In April I used to hear them call to
each other with a call like ''hoo-Iioo"
with an inflection like the plaintive
cry of the Mourning Dove.

But the object for which I kept my
pets failed and I am still without the
eggs of this species. However anoth-
er season I hope to be more success-
ful and by keeping a female secure a
set of these eggs.

Chris. P. Forge,
Carman, Manitoba.

June 24, 1898.

Mollusca of Monroe Co., N. Y.

BY John Walton.

The following list while covering
only Monroe Conty, is a handy list for
all Western New York collectors and
others residing near that territor}'.
Pleurocera subulare. Lea. Lake Erie.
Goniobasis virginica. Say. Erie Canal,
var. multilineata. Say. Erie

Canal.
Goniobasis

Erie Canal.
Irondequoit

Say. Ironde-

ivescens, Mke
' ' depygis, Say.

Bay.
Goniobasis semicarinata

quoit Bay.
Bythinia tentaculata, Lin. Erie Canal.
Gillia atilis, Lea. Erie Canal.
Amnicola limosa. Say. Genesee River,
porata. Say. Erie Canal.
" Orbiculata, Lea.
pallida, Hald.
granum. Say.
Pomatiopsis lustrica. Say.
Valvata tricarinata, Say. Charlotte.
Valvata sincera, Say. Erie Canal.
Melantho ponderosa. Say. Erie Canal.
" decisa. Say. Erie Canal.
" var,
Erie Canal.
Melantho decisa, var. genicula,

Erie Canal.
Melantho decisa, var.

Erie Canal.
Melantho decisa, var. heterostropha

Erie Canal.
Melantho rufa, Hald. Erie Canal.
Vitrina limpida, Gld. Pittsford.

obesa, Lewis,

Con.

Integra, Say.

THE MUSEUM

'33

Macrocyclis concava, Say. Pittsford.
/onitcs fuliginosa, Griff. Rochester,
intertexta, Bin. Pittsford.
inornata, Say. Pittsford.
nitida, Mull,
arborea, Say. Pittsford.
indentata. Say.
multidentata, Bin.
niinuscula, Bin.
viridula, Mke.
I •■ chersina, Say. Pittsford.
' •• suppressa, Say. Pittsford.
Mesodon albolabris, Say. Rochester.

var. dentata,
Pittsford.
Mesodon thyroides, Say. Rochester.

Sayii. Bin. Pittsford.
Tachea hortensis, Mull, (introduced.)
Triodopsis palliata, Say. Pittsford.

tridentata, Say. Rochester,
falla.x. Say. Rochester.
\ allonia pulchella, Mull. Pittsford.
Stenotrema hirsuta. Say. Rochester,
nionodon. Rack. Roches-
ter.
Stenotrema, ditto, var. fraterna. Say.

Rochester.
Stenotrema ditto, var. Leaii, Ward.

Rochester.
Patuia alternata, Say. Rochester,
perspectiva. Say. Pittsford.
striatella, Anth. Pittsford.
Strobila labyrinthica. Say. Pittsford,
Heliodiscus lineatus. Say. Rochester.
Limax maximus, Linn, (introduced.)
tiavus, Linn, introduced.;
agrestis, Linn, introduced, y
Limax campestris, Binn. E. Roches-
ter:
Tebennophorus caroliniensis, Bosc.

Pittsford.
Tebennophorus dorsalis, Binn.
Pupa muscorum, Linn. Brighton.
•' Pentodon, Say. Rochester,
contracta, Say.
corticaria, Sa\'. Pittsford.
rupicola, Say.
fallax. Say. Rochester,
armifera. Say. Rochester,
milium, Gld.
•• simplex, Gld. Irondequoit.
I Vertogo ovata, Say.
iCarychium exiguum. Say. Rochester.

Ferussacia subcylindiica. Linn. E.

Rochester.
Succinea ovalis, Gld. Charlotte.
3vara, Say. Rochester,
obliqua, Say. Pittsford.
Tottcniana, Lea.
•' aurea, Lea. Rochester.
Limnea stagnalis, Linn. Brighton,
reflexa. Say. Rochester
elodes, Say. Erie Canal,
pallida, Ad. Eric Canal,
caperata. Say. Pittsford.
catascopium, Say, Rochester.
columella. Say. Erie Canal,
desidiosa
Physa gyriaa. Say. Erie Canal,
ancillaria, Say. Rochester.
" heterostropha. Say. Rochester.
Bulimus hypnorum, Linn. Pittsford.
Planorbis trivolvis. Say. Charlotte.

companulatus. Say. Pittsford.
bicarinatus, Sa}'. Rochester,
dellectus. Say. Brighton,
parvus. Say-. Charlotte.
Segmentina armigera. Say. Brighton.
Ancylus rivularis. Say. Genesee River.
tardus. Say. Irondequoit.
parallelus, Hald. Charlotte.
Unio alatus, Say. Erie Canal.
" cariosus. Say. Erie Canal.
" complanatus, Sol. Genesee
River.
Unio gracilis, Bar. Erie Canal.
" gibbosus. Bar. Erie Canal.
" iris, Lea. Erie Canal.
•' novi eboraci, Lea. Erie Canal.
•' nasutus, Say. Erie Canal.
" luteolus. Lam. Gensee River.
" occidens. Lea. Erie Canal.
" plicatus, Less. Erie Canal.
'• pressus. Lea. Genesee River.
" radiatus. Lam. Genesee River.
" rectus, Lam. Erie Canal.
" rosaceus, De Kay. Charlotte.
" rubiginosus, Lea. Genesee River.
" undulatus. Bar. Erie Canal.
" Tappanianus, Lea. Genesee
River. .
Margaritana rugosa, Bar. Genesee

River.
Margaritana deltoidea, Lea. Erie

Canal.
Margaritana marginata, Say. Erie

134

THE MUSEUM.

Canal.

Anadonta Benedictii, Lea. Erie Canal.

" edentula, Say. Long Pond.

" excurvata.DeKay.Pittsford.

Ferussaciana, Lea. Erie

Canal.

Anadonta ferruginea, Lea. Genesee

River.
Anadonta Huviatilis, Dill. Aliens Creek.
" fragilis, Lam. Pittsford.

imbecillis, Say. Irondequoit
Bay.
Anadonta implicata, Say. Charlotte.
" Lewisii, Lea. Erie Canal.

" salmonia, Lea. Erie Canal.
" undulata, Say.
" subcylindracea, Lea. Iron-
dequoit Bay.
Sphaerium similis, Say. Erie Canal.
" partumeium. Say. Genesee
River.
Pisidium variabile, Prime. Brighton.

Extract from proceedings of Roches-
ter Academy of Science.

Two Rarities.

Having seen little in the Museum
from Southern California so far this
season, it may not be uninteresting for
me to note the taking of two quite
rare sets.

On the 17th of April while looking
for Cactus Wren's nests, I was sur-
prised to see a small owl leave a large
nest placed about four feet up in a
clump of Cacti, and, after flying 25 or
30 yards, settle down on a White Sage
bush. Soon another bird of the same
species appeared and my surprise may
be imagined when I saw they were
California Pigmy Owls {Glaiicidiuiu
gnoina califonticuiu.) They did not
appear to care very much about their
nest or its contents as they sat quietly
while I took the six white eggs which
the nest contained. Unfortunately
one of these was damaged so badly
that it could not be preserved. The
remaining five however form the most
prized set in my collection. As I had
not taken my gun with me I had to be
content with observing the birds from
a distance. According to this crude

method they seemed to be seven or
eight inches in length; upper parts
dark olive brown with small spots of
white most numerous on top of head
and largest on wings; white below
flecked with dashes of brown, these
uniting to form a band across the
throat. Tail two or three inches long;
dark brown, each feather having
several spots of white on upper sur-
face.

The eggs were slightly larger than
those of the California Wood Pecker
[Mclancrpcs forniicivonis bairdi) but
lacked the polished appearance of the
eggs of all the Picidae. The shell was
very thin and required the utmost care
in blowing. The entire set was per-
fectly fresh and the nest evidently one
from which its builder, a Cactus Wren
{Ca))ipylorliynchits bntnncicapilliis) ,
had been driven by the more pugna-
cious owls.

One other set of which I wish to
speak is that of iVireo Huttoni), Hut-
ton's Vireo. The finding of this set
as is usually the case with our rarer
birds was an accident. I was looking
through a strip of low land, grown up
with small saplings, in the hope of
finding a few sets of the Arkansas
Goldfinch {Spiniis psaltria), Western
Wood pewee {Contopus ricliardsonii),
and Black-headed Grosbeak, {Habia
uiclanoccpliala), when I saw a pensile
nest hung from the fork of a small
willow branch about eight feet up.
Upon bending down the limb I saw
three highly incubated eggs evidently
those of some Vireo. A few moments
waiting revealed to me a pair of Hut-
ton's Vireos. The olive green of the
upper parts' shading into greenish
white below; the large eyes, and the
broad bands of grayish white across
the wings identified them so thorough-
ly that I did not try to shoot them.

During the time in which I was en-
gaged in removing ihe eggs and nest,
the female kept up a constant scold-
ing. Her notes were harsh and in
fact the only notes I have ever heard
this species utter are short and queru-

*i

THE MUSEUM.

135

lous, something like those of the Cali-
fornia Bush-tit yPsiiltrif'iinis mini in us
raliforniciis. )

The nest was woven from tine strips
of the inner bark of dead willow trees.
The walls were three-eighths of an
inch thick at the top and tive-eighths
at the bottom. Although built by one
of a family noted for their beautiful
nests, I was very much surprised at its
compact symetry, and had not the set
been badly incubated it would have
been a highly desirable addition to any
cabinet. As it is the set has a place
in my collection even though the holes
are -'as large as the eggs." The eggs
are about the si^e and shape of typical
specimens of the Maryland Yellow-
throat {Gcoiltlypis tric/ias), but the
markings are very faint and sparsely
scattered over the larger end of the
€gg. At a distance they appear to be
unmarked. The ground-color is pink,
and the markings tiny dots of brick-
red.

The birds are not uncommon in this
region but this is the first set I have
seen recorded from Orange county,
although doubtless many have been
taken.

Harry H. Dunn.
Fullerton. Orange Co.,

California.

Outing for July is a seasonable and
altogether satisfying number in text
and illustrations. Prominent among
a well-chosen assortment of good
things are — "Canals for Summer
Cruises," by E. \V. Foster; "Salmon
of the Sou' west," by Frank H. Ris-
teen: "A Day on Georgian Bay," by
Ed. W. Sandys; "Sport's Place in the
Nation's Well-being," by Price Collier;

Vignettes from the Wheel, " by Chas.
lurner; "Golf, the St. Andrews Club
of America," by John Reid, and Yacht-
ing, " by A. J. Kenealy. Canoeing,
cycling, shooting, camping and fishing
all receive proper attention. The edi-
torial and record departments cover
all the sports and pastimes of ladies
and gentlemen.

Note.

The Scientific Annririiii, which has
always indentitied itself very closely
with the interests of the Navy, is to be
congratulated on the extremely hand-
some and valuable "Navy Supple-
ment" which it has lately put before
the public. We think that, if the
average reader had been asked before-
hand what kind of a work he would
prefer upon the Navy, he would have
asked for just such an issue as this.

Both the illustrations and the read-
ing matter are of the straightforward
explanatory kind which is necessary to
put a technical subject clearly before
the lay mind. It was a happy thought
to preface the work with a chapter
upon the classification of warships and
insert a few diagrams by way of expla-
nation of the subtle differences be-
tween cruisers, monitors and battle-
ships; for after digesting this chapter
one is prepared to follow intelligently
the detailed descriptions of the various
ships which make up the bulk of the
issue. One of the best things about
this number is that it does not merely
give an external illustration of each
ship, but it takes the reader down be-
low decks, and initiates him into the
mysteries of the magazines, handling
rooms, ammunition hoists and motive
machinery. The sectional views of
the interior of the turrets of the moni-
tors are exceptionally fine, as is the
large wood engraving of the engines of
the "Massachusetts." The last page
of the number contains complete tables
of the new Navy, the auxiliary fleet
and the various naval guns. A hand-
some colored map of Cuba and the
West Indies is furnished with this
issue. We extend our congratulations
to our contemporary on the production
of a work which is well conceived and
admirably carried out. This work is
published by Mcnn & Co., of 361
Broadway, New York, for 25 cents.

1^6

THE MUSEUM.

THE MUSEUM.

A Monthly Magazine devoted to Ornithology,

Oology, Mollusca, Echinodermata,

Mineralogy and Allied

Sciences.

Walter F. W^ebb, Editor and Manager
Albion, N. Y.

Correspondence and items of interest on above top-
ics as well as notes on the various Museums of the
World— views from same, discoveries relative to the
handling and keeping of Natural History material,
desonptive habits of various species, are solicited

Make articles as brief as possible and as free from
technical terms as the subjects will allow. All letters
will be promptly answered.

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American Ginseng.

For centuries Chinese ginseng (Pa-
na.\ ginsengj has been to China far
more than quinine has been to Amer-
ica. UnHke quinine, however, its use
has not been limited to certain classes
of disorders. It has been used in
America only as a,'_|demulcent, a mild
aromatic and stimulant, for which
purposes our materia medica recom-
mends many more effective drugs.
Not so in China; the conservatism of
the Mongolian and his belief in the
occult have maintained an exaggerat-
ed estimate of its efficacy. It has
been employed by the Chinese as a
specific for nearly every ailment that
ilesh is heir to, from the most trivial
to the most serious It is further
thought, such is the superstitious be-
lief, to procure and insure immunity
from all sorts of diseases and even to
possess the power of prolonging life.
It is well named panacea.

The esteem, nay veneration, in

which it is held and the high price
that it commands in the market have
naturally led to a thorough search for
a substitute, not only in eastern Asia
but in other paits of the world. Jap-
an and Korea have furnished lOots
that so closely resemble true ginseng
in form that their detection in samples
of the genuine is attended with great
difficulty. These roots are simply
adulterants, since they lack the offi-
cinial qualities of the true root.
America, however, produces a plant
(P. quinquefoliunij that not only re-
sembles the latter in appearance but
also in its properties, and that has
been an important article of commerce
for over a century and a half.

In 1714 Father Jartoux, a mission-
ary in China, published "The Descrip-
tion of a Tartarian Plant called Gin-
seng" in the Philosophical Transac-
tions of the Royal Society of London.
A copy of this letter fell into the
hands of Father Lafitau, a missionary
among Iroquois Indians. In 17 16,
after diligent search and inquiry
among his flock, ha succeeded in find-
ing a plant near Montreal, Canada,
that answered well the description
given by Frther Jartoux.

Samples of this root were collected
by the Indians and exported to China
by the French. These shipments
were so well received that a consider-
able trade was built up, much to the
profit of the traders In Quebec the
root was purchased at 2 francs a
pound; in China it was sold as high as
25 francs. Trade with China was at
that time controlled by the Company
of the Indies, which, believing that
the market demand was slight, at first
allowed its officers to handle ginseng
as a private speculation. In 1751,
however, seeing that the commierce in
this root was becoming important, the
company prohibited private ventures
on the part of its officers and assumed
control itself. In only a short time
the price was advanced from 12 francs
to 33 france a pound. But, in 1852,
owing to an excessive demand in

THE MUSEUM.

137

I'rance, a large (]uantity of the root
was dug out of season and improperly
dried in ovens. When this reached
China it was found to be of such poor
quality that it was refused. This
practically ruined the Canadian trade.

The New I'^n<:;land States, and lat-
er, the sister states as far west as the
borders of the Mississippi, profited by
the misfortune of their northern neigh-
bors and gradually built up a trade
with the Chinese that in 1S58 amount-
ed to 366,053 pounds, valued at
$'93,736. or about 52 cents a pound.
Since then the industry has continued
to advance until, in 1896, the e.xpor-
tation reached 199,436 pounds, val-
ued at $770,673. or an average price
of $3.86 a pound. It will at once be
noticed that the quantity e.xported in
1896 is only about half as much as
was shipped in 1S58, but that the
average price has increased more than
seven times. This increase is due to
the market demand and an inadequate
supply; the decrease in quantity to
improper methods of digging more
than anything else. (The figures for
the exports of 1897 have not yet been
tiiade publicly known.)

American ginseng is a perennial
herb indigenous in almost all of the
States east of the Mississippi, in the
first tier of States west of that river
and in Canada It is of very slow
growth e\en under tht; most favorable
conditions, reaching a commercial size
not sooner than the fourth year. In
the forest, its native haunt, it rarely
produces seed before that time, and
even when older this is borne in com-
paratively small quantities, seldom be-
ing more than fifty seeds to a plant.
In a state of nature its only means of
propogation is by means of seeds.
Tiiese ripen in September. If, there-
fore, the plant be dug prior to the rip-
ening of the seed, it is deprived of its
only msins of perpetuating itself.
Yet this is the very thing that hap-
pens. The "sang" diggers, a class of
people that eke out a livelihood by
hunting this root, trapping and shoot-

ing, e.xerrisc no judgment as to the
season of digging. The plant is dug,
as soon as found, whether in A[iri],
August or November. It is little or
nothing to them that the quality is
poorer and that the shrinkage is great-
er than when dug in season. It is al-
so of small moment that the two Vir-
ginias have passed laws to prevent the
digging until after the fall of the seed.
Thtir nomadic life insures them
against capture and if tiiey are acci-
dentally caught they live at the ex-
pense of the State and go back to
their old tricks as soon as released.
The only other causes of the lessened
supply of this root arc the clearing of
forest lands and the browsing and
trampling of stock [lastured in the
woods.

The visible decrease in the supply
of the wild root and the constant in-
crease in the market price have led to
many experiments in the cultivation
of ginseng. But so frequent has been
the failures that its culture has been
declared impossible. Such is, how-
ever, not the case, since with proper
attention to its peculiarities, it may
be grown successfully and profitably.
It is of prime importance that the
conditions of the forest be closely im-
itated. In fact the best place to lo-
cate the plantation is in the woods,
although if provided with artificial
shade, such as is provided by an open
lattice roof, the plots may be located
in the garden or the orchard. It is
essential that the beds be made in
loose soil retentive of moisture and
well supplied with humus, that they
be kept* free from tree roots, well
shaded, fenced off to protect them
from stock and covered in the winter
with a mulch to prevent damage by
severe frost. The seed must never be
allowed to become dry or it will fail
to germinate. The risk is all the
greater since the seed must be
protected until eighteen months old,
as it will not sprout sooner; i. e. , seed
ripened in the autumn of 1897 will not
germinate until the spring of 1S99.

138

THE MUSEUM.

The seedlings must be transplanted at
least once before being set in the final
beds. At all times these beds must be
kept clear of weeds by hand. Gin-
seng will not tolerate the use of tools;
horse cultivation is out of the question.
Such in brief are the principal points
to be observed in the cultivation of
the plant. The care necessary in the
preparation of the root for market is
no less important.

In the autumn of the si.xth or
seventh year — sometimes as early as
the fifth — from the time of sowing the
seed, the roots may be dug. This is
not earlier than the latter part of Sep-
tember, after the seed has been gath-
ered. Roots that have not attained a
desirable size should be replanted,
only the largest being marketed.

The operations of washing and dry-
ing must be very carefully done, since
the mutilation of a root lessens its
value in mairket. In the washing the
roots are agitated with a broom in a
tub of water. The water is frequently
changed to insure cleanlinesss, and the
roots, not perfectly clean at the close
of the rough washing, are finished by
hand brushes. They are then dried
on wire netting trays in a current ot
warm air, the fibrous portion, or
"beard" as it is called, being rubbed
off when it becomes brittle. The
"beard" is sold to the local drug trade
for' people who like to chew ginseng.
In the drying the roots lose about two-
thirds of their weight and become
very hard and brittle. They are then
ready for shipment.

The cultivation of ginseng is a prom-
ising industry. The extension of the
cultivated beds is not at present rapid
enough to supply the deffciency in the
wild root, and an immediate glut is
not likely. Should there be a tem-
porary decline in price or should a
glut occur, as has sometimes been the
case, a grower need lose nothing,
since he may leave the roots in the
ground for one or more seasons know-
ing that they are improving in size and
quality. Other advantages in this in-

dustry are that it may be made inci-
dental to general farming, may be
started and continued without e.xcess-
ive outlay of capital, and may be con-
fined to land that otherwise could not
be used for cultivated crops. When
properly managed, a very small area
may be made to yield a very large
proportionate return.

One grower, Mr. George Stanton,
Summit Station, N. Y. , obtained from
4.^ square rods, in five years, 320
pounds of green root, which, when
dried, would have been about 106
pounds, worth, at the price then rul-
ing for cultivated root, $575. On the
other hand, figures such as these must
not be used to compute returns from
an acre or acres, since the cultivation
of ginseng in large areas is likely to
prove infeasible from inattention to
necessary detail. Ginsing is an exact-
ing crop and will be disappointing if
not properly managed. — Sciiiitijic
American.

About Shells.

In the course of my herborizations
in Cuba, I have had frequent occasions
to climb trees for flowers which I
could not otherwise obtain, and much
more frequent occasion to clamber
about the limestone cliffs which fur-
nish a great variety ot plants many of
which are common in such localities,
and are found nowhere else. In these
circumstances, it was hardly possible
that my attention should not be drawn
to the shells, some inhabiting the trees
and many more the rocks. I came, in
truth, to be very fond of them, spend-
ing many hours entirely devoted to
shell hunting which, ,1 began to think,
I could have spent more profitable in
my legitimate calling. I propose to
relate some of my observations and
to give my views as to some of the
causes of some of the phenomena ob-
served, hoping that they who make
this branch of the animal kingdom a
study, may be prompted to further in-
vestigate these phenomena more mi-
nutely than I had time or ability to do.

*

I

THE MUSEUM.

139

Shells have a season of hibernation
in hot climates as well as in cold: but
in the former, the cause of their inac-
tivity is dryness; the latter, low tem-
perature. If the draught be protected
the greater part seek a retreat where
some degree of moisture prevails. For
example, in the ground or among the
tiead leaves covering it: in a hollow
tree or in the crevices of the bark: un-
der stones or among the leaves of
epiphitic Tillandsias. But occasionally
an individual is found abroad at this
season, and repeated e.xamination led
me to discover a reason for it; whether
it is the reason, remains for wiser ones
to determine. These shell are com-
monly stuck fast where they are found,
and not merely adhering as in a time
of rest in the wet season. And they
have all been injured, the shell more
or less broken. Are they going to die.'
Are they undergoing repairs.' This
last seemed to me more probable.
They are always, in part at least,
grown together, not quite symmetrical-
ly often, but generally quite firmly.
Do they eat by night as in the rainy
season.' This I cannot assert. The
firmness of their attachment would in-
dicate that they do not. So uniform
has been my experience in this case,
that now, if I see an Achatina or a
large Helicina on a tree in the dry
season, however inviting they may ap-
pear at a distance, I pass them by as
worthless.

Oleacina and its allies are carnivor-
ous snails. They have a smooth,
polished delicate shell, yet possesses
the power to capture and devour
others many times larger than them-
selves, besides being protected with a
firm shell and a closely fitting hard
operculum. Not unfrequentiy we find
large shells like ffcliciita rcgiiia or
H. sngmana quietly submitting to be
devoured by an Oleacina, which it has
the strength to walk off with, as easily
as a tortoise could carry away a
mouse. Wherein lies their great
strength.' I can offer a suggestion. I
have ofter been in such situations on

the face of a vertical cliff, that I need-
ed both hands for support. At such
times if a shell attracted my attention,
I used to put it between my lips till I
reached a place where both hands
were free. Thus I learned that the
watery orjslimy secretions which all
these animals emit, in the case of this
group, is bitter: and in the larger
species, very decidedly so. I can
hardly doubt that the secret of the
power which these snails possess is to
be sought here. May not this bitter-
ness produce a benumbing effect on
their prey.' I have discovered a like
bitterness in no other shell, and I col-
lected many species in this way, using
my mouth as a temporary box.

Proserpina has a shell of like struct-
ure as that of an Oleacina. Once I
found one in close contact with a Me-
laniella, this, together with its struct-
ure, led me to suspect that it, too, is
carniverous. Who knows .' Will an
examination of the tongue tell.' Will
some one try it.' I once amused my-
self capsizing these little fellows, and
if they did not manifest real anger,
there was a good imitation of it.
Turned on its back, it lashed its tail
about violently for a snail; or I might
say it behaved mulishly and kicked,
the organ thus forcibly used being
called the foot, I believe. The in-
verted position seemed a painful or
disagreeable one.

I hesitate to record an observation
repeatedl}' made on account of the ap-
parent improbability of the fact, and
the difficulty of explaining it. Indi-
viduals of some species of shells, many
times vary greatly in size as well as
color. In other speciis the said var-
iations are slight. In one or more
species of Cyclostoma of this latter
kind, I have often found young indi-
viduals considerably larger than fully
grown. There could be no shadow of
a doubt that these were all the same
species, and not two distinct ones liv-
ing together. Among a dozen or two
fully formed shells and others nearly
grown, all agreeing well in size, one,

140

THE MUSEUM.

i

perhaps two or more, incomplete in-
dividuals would occur, so much larger
than all the rest, as to suggest the
question. Why do we not find finished
shell of this larger size?

Two solutions of this question have
presented themselves as possible,
though neither of them is quite satis-
factory. One is that the animal has
power to absorb its shell and recon-
struct it of a smaller size. The other,
which seems more probable, is, that
these overgrown individuals, are ab-
normal, deformed and never come to
perfection. Thus, being thin and
fragile, they soon crumble and disap-
pear. I have thought that I found
proof or evidence that mollusks ha\e
power to absorb and reform their shell.
From Melania and Paludina, which
are Viviparous, I used to preserve the
young found in process of cleaning the
shells. Observing that they were quite
blunt at the ape.x, and that somehow
in their growth toward materity, they
became sharp pointed, I could in no
other way account for this than by
supposing that they absorb the shell,
and reconstructed it after a smaller
pattern. I will admit for what it is
worth, the possibility of inaccuracy in
my observations when comparing small
things with great. Thus a very short
cone might appear blunt, while, if in-
creased ten-fold, the bluntness would
be, relatively, quite little. Yet this
view does not satisfy me, and I still
think my first impressions were cor-
rect. Will not some one by accurate
measurements settle this question.

On the beach to the eastward of
Matanzas the habits of a Cyclostoma
struck me as note worthy. A hundred
yards or more from the shore, the
ridge formed of sand and broken shells
is overgrown with various trees and
bushes, which this shell ascends proba-
bly to feed on some lichen. But if
the tree leaned at any considerable
angle, say twenty-five or thirty de-
grees, no shell could be found on it.
And of the bushes, too, it had its
choice as to size also. None seemed

to venture up a bush, or there was no
attraction for them, if it were not
larger than the finger or thumb. It
may very well be, that on the small
bushes they find nothing to eat; but
the same reason cannot be given for
iheir refusal to ascend the larger lean-
ing ones.

It has been said above that in win-
ter shells mostly lie dormant, not on
account of the cold, but of the drjness.
But if, at this season a heavy shower
occurs, which is not very unusual, they
come out of their hiding places and
appear to be feeding; not, indeed in
such numbers as during the summer,
for already many are dead. Now let
a norther, which is a drying wind,
spring up, and they haste away to
their retreats with all possible speed.
Such a shower occurred on a winter
night when I was in the neighborhood
of Guane, where there are excellent
rocks for shells, and many and various
shells among the rocks. Early in the
morning I found some specimens of
JMclaniella Picliardi. They were not
abundant, though I saved a considera-
ble number, and was desirous of col-
lecting more of them, as it is by no
means common. While I was at
breakfast a light norther began blow-
ing, I made but a short stay, and re-
turned to the rocks, in hopes, though
not confident of finding more. Not
one was to be seen however. Similar
effects are produced by a norther on
other shells. Just at night I have dis-
covered Cyclostoma salcbrosuin, in
numbers, on rocks, where, in the
morning, if a norther prevailed during
the night, not one could be found but
by searching among the leaves at the
base of the rocks. This shell, with
some others, as Cyc. rotundatum, and
Cyc. undatum, have a way of letting
go and rolling to the bottom of the
rock if it be inclined (and they seem
to prefer such) when they see a hand
approaching; and this, apparently,
when they have not even one eye
open. It would seem as if they felt
the approach of danger.

THE MUSEUM.

141

A group of Cyclostomas, C. cltuuii-
*(ins, C. assiinile, C. tcncbrosuut, and
perhaps others, spins a thread by
whicli they hang from the lower side
of projecting rocks. When the weath-
er clears after a rain, numbers may be
found thus at rest, particularh' in the
early summer, when the young abound.
Whether they can haul in their lin I
am unable te say, but guess they can-
not; for many arc found with the bor-
der broken, which could hardly be so
common, unless caused bj- a fall from
some height. If in this position they
fall, it must some times be a distance
of fifty, or it may be hundreds of feet.
These are all delicate shells; and the
power of suspension seems as if de-
signed for their injury or destruction.
• Helix stiginatica, and its allies live
under stones or among dead leaves.
They are dull in color, and the most
of them small in sijre. //. stigviatica
is never found fairly in the daylight.
Once only, if I rightly remember, I
found an individual which had just
turned the corner of the rock under
which it lived. Why do thej* not
come out to the light, and what do
they live upon in the dark retreats.
Another group of similar habits com-
prises tlclix Titanica. H. piilc/icriiiia
and others. These have longitudinal
lines of bristles or rather stiff hairs,
which arc quite conspicuous in the
young shell, but diminish, wear away,
or quite disapper with age.

Shells often cease growing for a
time, so far at least as relates to their
calcarous covering. Their growth is
interrupted during the dry season, and
it may also be an unusually dry time
in summer. In banded shells, where
the growth is resumed, the pattern of
their markings is often, perhaps always
changed. The bands may be moved
to the right or left, or be divided into
two, or two may be united, or a color
may be suppressed, or a new one in-
troduced, or any one color may be
widened or narrowed. In //ilix
picla the variety of markings is almost
innumerable. Whlie the animal re-

mained ijuiescent as a whole, why did
not the several parts retain their rela-
tive positions.' The color-secreting
glands must have changed in position.

The wide diffusion of some species,
and the e.xtremely limited area in
which others are found, e.xcite in the
inquiring mind a desire to know the
causes of this unecjual distribution.
/fclicina ngiiia, in several forms is
found in the whole of the mountain
range of the western part of the island.
11 die ilia adspcrsa is another exten-
sively diffused species besides being
very variable in size and markings.
On the other hand, Crclostotiia fovea-
tiiiii has been found in only one lo-
cality, at the base of a high projecting
cliff, in considerable numbers, but all
dead; nor is it known where it lives. I
have looked upwards from below, and
have climbed to the top and looked
downwards in vain. Not more than
two or three have been obtained in a
moribund state, a single one only with
sufficient life to enable Gundlach to
describe and figure the animal. A few
square yards contain all we know of
this species. Lignus fasciata is found
from one end of the island to the
other, and at all elevations above the
sea, under several forms which have
been described as distinct species.
Helix pieta is another widely dif-
fused shell, and e.xtremely varia-
ble in color and si;?e. I have ob-
served many young in the top
branches of a high tree just felled, on
the very top of the mountains, in
Yateran. It seems to be a high climb-
er, which may account for its com-
parative rarety, fully grown and alive.
I have met with very few.

Cylindrella is largely represented in
Cuba, more than eighty species being
enumerated in the later catalogues.
Most of the species are extremely local,
several, so far as known, being re-
stricted to localities of a few yards
square, or to a few rods. Doubtless
other localities will be discovered for
many of them. A few as C. Poeyeiia,
C. eleguiis, C. irrorata, are much

142

THE MUSEUM.

more widely spread, but probably not
one extends through the whole island
as does Lignus fasciata. But what
is more noteworthy is the remarkable
tenacity of life possessed by many
species. Some have lived for months
and even years; and, unless closely
confined, they will crawl forth on the
return of warm damp spells of weather,
getting into the wrong boxes and
creating sad confusion.

Clytus Flexuosus and Speciosus.

The C/j'tus Jlcxitosiis or locust tree
borer, is an insect about three-fourths
of an inch in length not including the
antenna?, and is of a black color with
three transverse lines of a yellowish
color across the thorax and one across
the head; also has one behind the an-
tenna' above the maxilla;. Elytra also
covered with markings of a similar
color; the first two similar to a cres-
cent, and the three others wavy.
Tarsi and tibia are of a reddish color
The larva- are of a whitish color and
a-e about the same size as the perfect
insect.

The beetle is very destructive to the
common locust {Robinia psciidacacia),
but I have never found any on R. vis-
cosa. When the insects attack a tree,
little masses of what looks like saw-
dust may be seen between the forkf,
at the base, or adhering to the bark.
These are fragments of the wood
which the larva casts out during its
borings. These beetles or their larva
may be killed, by inserting a wire into
the hole they have made in the tree,
but a more effective remedy, is said to
be an application of strong soap suds
to the stems and branches, especially
when the attack is first noticed.

They are almost as difficult to cap-
ture as the tiger beetle, and also make
a loud buzzing noise when Hying.

The maple tree borer, C. spcciosits
is a larger and handsomer insect. It
is velvety black in color, with bright
yellow stripes and markings. It is
very rare in this locality and I have

thus far, only seen one specimen, and
that is in the collection of a friend.

The treatment given for preventing
the attack of the locust borer, will
prove equally effective in the case of
this last species.

These two species differ from other
borers in attacking perfectly healthy
trees, while the other genera, ortlio-
soma and inoiiohainvius attack only
such trees that have met with some in-
jury, whether from wind or fire.

W. J. WlNTEMBERG,

Washington, Ontario, Canada.

New Books.

We are in receipt of the fifth edition
of Davie's Nests and Eggs of North
American Birds. This work has had
such an enormous sale in its other
four editions, it is needless to say it
will be considered indispensible by
ever}' working oologist.

The present edition contains over
5oopp and is amply illustrated. The
descriptions are full and complete and
careful attention has been given to
geographical distribution which is now
more important than ever with the
constant change of the A. O. U.

Part II of the work consisting of i8
pages is given up to Ornithalogical
and Oological Collections. Chapter i
covers eggs; chapter 2, the skinning
and making ap of bird skins with 3
fine full page plates showing all stages
of the process. We commend the
work to every oologist. It is adver-
tised elsewhere in this number.

A new work on Taxidermy has just
been issued by John Rovv-ley, chief
taxidermist of the American Museum
of Natural History, New York. We
have examined it carefully and find it
decidedly up to date in every particul-
ar. No one can doubt the rapid pro-
gress of scientific taxidermy. See our
advertisement elsewhere.

I

THE MUSEUM

Small Shells by the Dozen.

143

Our stock of small shells, (nice Cabiuet
wpecimene) is ever im the increase. We offer
an attractive list this month anil solicit your
orders. All will be sent prepaid on receipt
of price. Reiiieniber we only olTer and send
out live collected specimens tliat are in lirst-
class order. One half dozen of the more ex-
pensive kinds will be sold at do/.eii rates. For
from 1 to 2 cents extra per specie, we will put
spe^'imens in glass vials when possible to do
so. Dozen

Acuaea testudinalis $ 2."i

spectrum 15

Anjjitrema verrucosa 10

Aoauthiuula harpa 08

Anomia ephippum 15

Area ponderosa 40

" pexata .' .50

Cerithium minimus 10

" muscarium 10

vertagus 1 00

Cerithidea scalariformis 10

Chlorostoma funebrale 30

'■ bruneum 30

Chiton ruber 00

sijuamosus GO

Cyclostoma elegans 15

Crucibulumsp 20

C'repidula plana 20

Columoella mercatoria 15

fulguruDS 10

Clausilia biJens 15

grisea 15

modensis 15

Chama arciuella 40

Carditla lloridana 20

Crenell:i glandula 15

C'repidula foriiicata 15

C}'prae:i annulus 15

'■aput-serpenlis 20

icterina 25

lynx 20

niouela ; 20

lurdus 4S

Den tali um en talis 20

Dniiax variabilis 10

1' " :na discus 30

1 i"urella barbadensi.s M

I llandina truntita

Hi'lix (A.MEntCAN )

alternata

.10
.15
.20

.2(1

ill Liur'ja
flau«a. .

■n-uiu

lUU-i. .

fali.ax

fralernum. . ;

gularis

hirsijta

hortensis (U.
inflecta ....

.20
.(JO
.12

Helix interna 15

" niitchelliana. " I20

multilineata 20

" monodon .15

" orbiculata [iQ

" profunda .15

" Peunsylvanica ! ! ! ! !20

:' perspectiva 10

palliata ! ! ^20

" spinosum .20

" striatella 10

" slenotrema ,15

septemvolva 15

" Solitaria "20

" throides 15

" tridentata 10

Helix (Foreign.)

" aparta 40

aspersa ' ^25

" auricoma 50

" candidula 15

" candicans 20

" carniolicus 30

eingulata 50

crelica so

" carthusiana 30

cantiana 30

" derbentina 30

" ericetorum 20

" fruticum ; 40

" hortensis 30

'• bispida 25

lactea 30

lapicida 30

nenioralis 30

" obvia 20

'■ olivieri 40

" pisania ]5

" profuga 15

•' pomatia 40

" varians 20

vermiculata 30

Lottia piganlca 10

Littornia angulifera 15

" ii'rorata 20

litorea 20

neritoidea 15

planaxis 10

rudis 15

l.iimuea e.xilis IQ

" elodes 10

" stagnalis 20

lyUcina tigerina . .30

Machaera costata 20

Macoma lusca 15

" inquinata 25

i\r,Hi;,,i., .iiicatula 15

intiger 15

, cotleus 15

lutens 15

Margiuella apicana 10

guttata 30

Nerita peleronla 10

pulitx ^35

<iuadricolor 25

" tessellata. . . 15

variabilis. . . 15

Xtriliiia cumingiaua 15

^iclivata 15

i irginica 10

10

15

Nassa abaoleta.

144

THE MUSEUM.

Nassa reticulata 10 Ostrich Eggs.

*' scibra ...... 10

Oliva inliata .....30 ^^^ have for sale the largest lot of these

" litterata. . . ........ . .......... . . . . . . !so mammoth eggs ever imported into the United

" biplicata ................ .20 States. They came from Port Elizabeth, South

Olivella tioralia. ...'.'.'.'....'. ..'.'. ......... .W Africa, and if thev were piled into ordinary

' ' ritzia '..."....'..'.'. '. '. ...... 08 wagon boxes, such as the farmers use in

" volutella .'.10 drawing off grain, they would till ten of

Ortholiciis fasciatum ..... ... .... GO them. We have only had them a month, and

" so'lida ...'.'.'..'.'....'........ .00 about one-fourth of this lot have been sold to

Pecten iriidians. .'.....'.'.'.'.'.'. . .'.' '.'.'...'..'... .50 collectors throughout the country. We offer

Petricola pholadiforniis 20 them elsewhere in this number. Special low

Planorbis companulatus', '. ". '. '. '. '. '. '. ". '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. 10 Pi'ices will be given on dozen lots. Over a

" trivolvis 10 score of collectors have taken a dozen, and

Pianaxis sulcatus ... ....'..'.'.'.'.'.'. !'.!!!'.!! .15 they are still going. Most any collector in a

Phjsa hetero5tro"ph\ .'..'.'.'......... .10 large city or town can sell a dozen to his

Purpura lapillus .. ''.'.'.'.'..."..... 10 friends. They will sell at sight for a reason-

" ' saxicola 20 ^l^'e tiguie, about three times what we ask at

Scapharca trans'versa'. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. '. . '. '. '. '. '. '. ' ' ' '. " e.^ wholesale. Write at once^

Solen ensis 30 Walter F. Webb, Mgr.

Sphaerium .simile 10 Albwn, M. Y.

'• striatinum . 10

" rosaceum 10

variabile 10 JAMES P. BABBITT,

Strophia uva 10

'Qcana 10 Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

Scalaria groenlandica 00

Sigaritus perspectivus 25 Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird

Stenogvra decollata 25 Skins, Eggs and Publications,

Succinea obhqua 10 °°

Terebradislocata 20 _ _

Tectarius muricatus 10 TAUNTON, MASS.

Tellioaradiata 20

..If, ,.,,., f„ on Our large montlilv bulletin of Slan.s, Eggs. etc. free

_.uii-iiJ,u,i ••■■.•••, ; • ■ ■, ;" upon application.

Tngouia pectinala (single valves) 30

Umbonium conicum 10

" elegans 10 _. . t> . . . •

Ursalphinx tloridani 15 rCarl bhellS 3110

Virtrina lirapida 10

Volvata Iricarinata 10 NoVCltlCS.

Mike up your order nl once before our ., , cu n t> „ ei ii w „ ir

stock ofniauy kinds is exh.austed. All care- '''•'h .-.s Shell Purses, Shell Boxes. Vine-

fully labeled, name authority, locality, etc., ^rettes Pearl Penholders Pearl Inkstands

and prepaid ou recei pt of price, 'S'"^'^ ^ 'T'" ^bilone Shell, Pearl Napkin Rings

•^ ^ If Pearl Match Safes, Pearl Shell Spoons (23

TI7 A T TiEr-D TT Tx/i^DTa n/r„,- ditt'crcnt stvlcs). Pearl Ijace Plus, Glove and

\VAL,lti.K t. WH-tStS, Mgr., Button hooks. Pearl Shirt Waist Sets, Pearl

Ships, Vases, Pin Trays and other novelties.
Albion, N. Y. 1,3 shell Bozes such as Handkerchief Boxes,

Work Boxes, many styles Pin Cushions, Fan-
cy Boxes, Lounge. Dressers, Dog Kennel, Hand
Bags, Anchors, Looking Glasses, Hand Mir-
rors, Side Boards, Placques, and dozens other
style.s. Everyone who has seen these Shell
and Pearl Novelties know they are pretty.
All are imported, and notwithstanding heavy
duty can be sold reasonable. We do not soli-
cit retail trade.

Those meaning business please apply for
wholesale prices on what you expect to buy,
slating what amount vou would probably or-
der at a time, as .$10, $15, $35, $50, $100, etc.
Address, W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

Handsome ^ird §kin^.

Prepaid by mail or express on receipt
of price.

Japanese Pheasants, male $1 75

" " females 1 25

Mandarin Duck 1 75

Assorted Hummers 20

Ruby topaz Hummers 50

Jungle Cock (Hat) 2 .50

Birds Paradise, Hnest 11 00

Golden Pheasants 12 00

Red Tanagers, Blue Creepers, etc 40

All foreign and well-made skins. Will mount
well. Order at once.

W. F. Webb, Mgr.. Albion. N. Y.

Florida Land and Fresh Water

Shells. Also Centipedes, Scorpions, Crabs,
etc. in alcohol at a bargain. Address with
stamp,

O.

i'

BRYANT,

Longwood, Florida

THE MUSEUM

OSTRICH EGGS.

Still they go!

Nearly loo a week for some time past. We are distributing them

all over this broad land.

A Sl.OO B1L>L>

Brings you one by mail to any part of the U. S., and a year's sub-
scription to THE MUSEUM.

A S5.00 BIL>L

will bring you one Dozen by Express or Freight at your expense.
Think of it! Only 40 cents each when ordered by the Dozen

or more.
Write at once, if you want any for Summer trade.

W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,

ALBION, N. Y.

iBe yoUr oWn

Many tlnifs you h^ve siHureJ sjierlmcns that you
det-lrrtl til save In a llMIke .suit*. Ydu are no Taxi-
dermist and p<i.H.sli)lv there Is none at hand.

Our method Is EASY and KAPID and with a lltlli-
praitlce. excellent work oan be done. And above all
ANYONK CAN' LEARN IT. Many Men. Women and
Children use our method and others pommence every
dav. No OolOfc'l.'it should be without It. Satlsfaotlon
Is jfuaranteeil. Think of lYeservlnK and MountniK a
Plg(^»n or Quail in tio minutes— it can he done.

Taxidermy Made Easy.

Cilvlng full directions for doing the work and one
potiod of K. & P. preservative: enoujjh t<> preserve
from 30 ti> 4*J small birds, sent on receipt of fe cents.
Send at once. i Several can learn In a very short time.
No tiHils nsiulred to entail extra expence. Corres-
pondence solicited.

KERR & PERHAM,
BLENCOE, IOWA. SANDWICH. ILL.

DO YOU WANT LABELS?

1 havi' 10,000 labels 15x1 inch, i)riiUe<l in
reil on btilT brislol card, at 4e per 100, post-
paid. Letter He;ids,3.")C per 100. Knvelopes,
y.5c per 100. All kinds of labels. Send copy
and stamp for prices on natuntlists' printing?
of any kind. 1>. H. EATON,

W'oburn, Mass

Pine Qro^heak,

Beautiful Sets with Nests.

They are going like hot cakes. If you want a
set now is your time.

References, J. Parker Norris, Jr., Phila.

VVni. Brewster, Cambridge, Mass.

These men ought to know what a reliable
set of such rare eggs means.

Send your order now.

Prof. Carl Braun, Naturalist,

Bangor, Me., U. S. A.

WEBUYSTAMPS Q

AND A

OLD STAMP COLLECTIONS ^

Send us what you Ikivc with lowest cash
price or we will make you an offer if you
wish. We pay express or post.tge one way.

DR. J. W. FOWLER,

DUBUQUK, lA.

IVhett ans7vcring ad'oertiscmcnts al-
ways mention TIf/i MUSEUM.

THE MUSEUM.

Kerr & Perham,

BLENCOE, IOWA. SANDWICH, ILLS.

TAXIDERMISTS, DEALERS AND COLLECTORS,

Taxidermist's, Oologist's, Entomologist's and Botanist's Supplies,
Publications, Bird Skins, Eggs, Shells, Curios, Novelties, etc.

Send IOC for our New Price List and Handbook. Correspondence Solicited.

THE AMERICAN

ARCHAEOLOGIST.

Formerly The Antiquarian.

A. MontMy Anthropoloflcal Magazine Designed for

Students, Scientists, Collectors and Dealers

In natural History Specimens.

NOW IN ITS SECOND VOLUME.

Pntillslied on the ISth o£ each month by The Landon

Prlntlne and Publishing Co., 20 East

Broad Street, Colnmbns, Ohio.

It is ably condncted, well established, and nnmbers
imong its writers and contrlbntors the first scientists
md scholars of onr country. Every Issue contains
vfcll illustrated papers on topics relating to Primitive
rian here and elsewhere, Inclndlng the relics and re^
laaics of Pueblo and Cliff Dwelling Indians; the
Mounds aad Mound Builders of the United States:
prehistoric'ruins and Art works of Mexico, Central
and South America ; discussions of preglaclal man in
America; early man in Europe and Asia; the statuj
and natural history of recent savage races, &c., &c.

It publishes interesting items from correspondents
In every part of the country, and devotes much atten-
tion to the wants of Collectors and Dealers. All
recent publications of aclentiflc value are reviewed
monthly ; it gives an account of all recent archaeo-
logical discoveries and news ; and illustrates the rar«
and unique specimens of private and public collections,

There is no other monthly journal «f this charactei
pabUshed In the world for the edification of the gen-
eral public, as well as for the student. It alms to di?.-
scininate knowledge which cannot be gained from
other Eources, and publishes technical papers and gov-
ernincat reports, which are not available to the gen-
eral reader, and Is Indlspensible to all persons inter-
ested in the study or the collecdon of the relics cl
primitive man.

The rrice Is within the reach of all, and affords the
rrivlltges of the preat libraries, combined w^lth
Archffiologlcal treatises, as they appear from time to
time. Having a wide and increasing circulation, it
constitutes one of the best mediums in onr country for
advertising the business of Curio Dealers, Taxider-
mists and Naturalists.

Subscription price, $1.50 per year.

A copy will be sent free to any one sending us four
subscribers and six dollars.

This is my
Proposition.

Let niL beud for ^ our inspection, charges postpaid,
35 oJ the Famous Quartz Crystals found at
this place. It this collection of Brilliant Gems pleases
you, kindly send 70 cents only, otherwise return the
collection and it will be O. K. Highest Award at the
World's Fair Order today. 2to

A. B. CRI9I,
nUddleville, Herfeiuier Co., Bl. V.

The Ornithologists' and Oologists' Manual.

STANDARD LIST FOR COLLECTORS.

Reduced to 15c, 2 for 2.'Jc, -

Some of its Contents:

A complete list of all North American
Birds, giving prices of their eggs and skins.
The arrangement is according to the A. O U.
list, and after each name is Ridgeway's num-
ber. Both Common and Scientific Names
are given, in different size type

A list of Mammal and Reptile .skins, with
prices A table giving the approximate num-
ber of eggs considered a full set of every
family of birds in the U. S.

Complete and exhaustive directions for
making Scientific Bird and Mammal Skins,
and preparing specimens for the caljinet In-
structions for collecting, preparing and pre-
serving birds egg^ and nests, tools needed,
various recipes recommended and valuable
information about making cabinets for speci-
mens

Complete list of Taxidermists' Instruments,
Supplies and Requisites, also Oologists' In-
struments and Supplies, etc., etc.

Size 4ix6i, just right to carry in the pocket.

Order now, as our stock is very limited and
it will not be reprinted.

MUSEUM PUB CO , ALBION, N Y.

100 flrst-class specimens to any address. $1.00,
Beautiful Shells, Corals, and Curiosities from all
parts of the world.

100 nice Shells, SSc. 13 Beautiful mixed Olive Shells.
.tOc. 100 large specimens, ^,00, worth three times the
price or money refunded. S-l mixed Coins. $1.1X1. 30
flrst-class Tropical Botanical Specimens, $1.00. V3
perfect Arrow Points, 60c. 20 choice specimens, 27c.
100 perfect Porcupine Quills, 2';c.

50,000 Specimens in Stock.

Everything perfect. Satisfaction guaranteed or ■
money refunded. Send stamp for drawings and bar-
gain list. All orders promptly filled,

JOHN B. WHEELER,

East Templeton, Mass.

VOL. IV.

NO. 10.

AUGUST, 1898

>^^^^^^fe>

^^^^^m<

U(ELJ?1

A Journal Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

RA TES: — -fo cts. per year to all countries, in advance. Sinf^ie numbers, j cts.

Published on the 15th of each month by Museum Publishing Co., Albion, N. Y

Jl

THE MUSEUM.

Two New Books.

The following two books, both just out since the last number of the Museum,
we consider the best of their kind ever written. We have carefully examined both,
and unhesitatingly recommend them to our readers.

THE ART of TAXIDERMY, By John Rowley, Chief of the Depart-
ment of Taxidermy in the American Museum of Natural History, New York.

• This work is 12 mo, 245 pages, illustrated with twenty full page half tone
plates, and 59 illustrative drawings. It is finely printed and beautifully and sub-
stantially bound in cloth.

We cannot do better than quote from the preface, in part: "It is a fact much
to be regretted, that many taxidermists by reason of their extreme jealously and
narrowness of mind, are exceedingly loath to communicate new ideas and discov-
eries to their fellow workers. But, thanks to the more general enlargement and
increase in number of scientific museums of late years, a number of men of genius
and education have taken up the study of the art. It is largely owing to their ex-
ertions that the Taxidermy of the present day is so far in advance of what it was a
decade since; and the few wprks on the subject that have been written have been
eagerly devoured by every progressive taxidermist in the country."

What Mr. Rowley says in above paragraph every taxidermist knows by exper-
ience. We constantly meet with skillful men in the Taxidermic art, that are un-
willing to divulge a single one of their many little secrets gained from long years
of experience. Were it not for such men as Mr. Rowley, every youth with tax-
idermy aspirations would have to work out every branch of the trade himself.

The work, like Chapman's Birds of Eastern North America, is as complete as
modern brains can make it. Every detail is fully explained and up to date. In
the forepart of the work Mr. Rowley takes his readers to an ideal resort for game
of all sorts, such as he has several times visited in recent years, and explains every
detail of such a trip from start to finish, how to skin every bird and animal taken
on the trip and preserve the specimens properly, how they set their traps and
where, in short every imaginable detail that one would meet with. These are all
drawn from actual trips, and not as two often the case from "fancy." 59 pages
is devoted to this, every page of which is full of points of value to the Taxidermist,
Sportsman and Naturalist. Chapter 2 is devoted to tools and materials, all being
described and many figured. Chapter 3 is devoted to casting. Chapter 4 to birds,
every detail of making skins and mounting being covered. Chapter 5 is devoted
to mammals. Chapter 6 to fish, reptiles and crustaceans. Chapter 7 to skeletons.
Chapter 8 to reproduction of foliage for making groups and every detail of making
cases from the smallest to the most elaborate. We have constantly had a call for
a work covering this and can now recommend the above book as filling the want
completely. This covers all the more important things treated of in the work.
The price is $2.00 postpaid. We have secured some of the first that are out and
solicit your order.

THE NESTS AND EGGS OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS, hy Oliver Davie
At last we are able to announce the delivery of the fifth edition of this work. We have a
liberal supply of them on hand and can fill orders on date of receipt. The work consists of
o^er 500 pages with a largo number of illustrations. The number is not given but wo should
think at least 200. While the number of pages in this edition is only about 75 more than in
the fourth edition it is printed in much smaller type, so that we believe the actual information
contained in the work is quite double that of the last edition. We cordially solicit your orders.

The price is $2.25 prepaid. Anyone who desires both of above books, can have them by
sending $4.00 at once. Prepaid by mail or Express.

W. F. WEBB, Mgr., ALBION, N. Y.

THE MUSEUM.

WANTS, EXCHANUES AND FOE SALES.

All notices that come under above will bo inserted in this department until fuither notice
at one (1) cent a word. No notice less than 25c. Terms Cash with order. No charge for
address. I shall at all times enileavor to keep parties, whose reputation is of a doubtful char-
acter from using these columns.

THK MLSKUM ONE YKAR and one
package of K iV- 1'. Preservative together with
full instrnctions, Taxidermy Made Easy for
7.5 cents. This offer good until December 1st.
KERR iV: TERHAM, Ulcucoe, Iowa.

TAXIDERMY:— High;grade, scienlitic work
in all branches. Send for our latest bulletin
of Mounted Birds and Skins. GEO. F.
GUELF, Practical Taxidermist. Brockport,
NY.

TO EXCHANGE:— A Fencing out lit for
eggs in sets. Send lists. D. B. MECORXEY,
1<J4 Mulberry St., Lockport, N. Y.

WALRUS rUSKS:— We have some of the
largest tusks ever collected. These are a
great curio. Our finest specimens are $5.00
net, some equally as long, but not so heavy
for $4 00. Extra large Sperm whale teeth, at
$2.00, or finely engraved ones, done by sail-
ors, really creditable work, for $3..'50 to $4.00.
Small teeth, two to three inches long at 50
cents each. Hundreds of other curios of like
nature. Send for lists. W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,
JVlbion, N. Y.

DAVIE'S Nests and Eggs, fifth edition sent
prepaid, and an African Ostrich F^gg, a first
class specimen, by express for $2.. 50. Sample
pages on application. KERR & PERHAM,
Blencoe, Iowa.

$100.00 will bny a nice clean copy of Ed-
ward's "Butterllies," 3 vols. New * Morocco
binding. (Publisher's price, $135.) Address,
M. TANDY, Dallas City. 111.

TO EXCHANGE— A duplicate collection
of Coleoptera. 80 identilied species, 2300 spec-
imens, in papers. List of species on applica-
tion. A good opportunity for some one to
obtain a nice lot of duplicates. Will ex-
change for best olTer in good biril skins, or
alcoholic specimens. S^iouid like to hear
from parties who can use Marine Inverte-
brates in exchange for bird skins. Can also
furnish some eastern skins. F. P. DROWNE.
20 BeneGt St., ProTidence, K. I.

"TlAWKS EGGS— We will pay cash for
some line sets of Hawks eggs. They must be
well marked specimens. Send us a list of
any such you have to offer, and we will make
bi(l in cash or specimens as you prefer. W.
F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

WANTED:- Sets of (i. 7. 140, 172, 2IJ), 261,
243.364. Offer 1, .51a, 70. 117. 142. 151. 2'2n,
269, 3-25. 331, 358. 49c, 705. D. WILBY. 20
Front St , East, Toronto, Ont , Canada

Y'OU MOUNT BIRDS? Need any perches?
We have them. Small T perches, 10c; med-
ium, 18c; large, 24c. Send 40c for sample of
each prepaid. KERR & PERHAM, Blencoe,
la.

HEADtiUARTERS FOR BOOKS:— We are

still heailquarters for desirable Natural His-
tory Books, back numbers of Magazines, etc.
We will pay cash or exchange for Volumes of
the Auk for 18it0, 1891 and 1S92. If you have
any back numbers of the Auk, write us with
list. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

FOR SALE:-C.assin's Auklot 11, 50c; Roy-
al Tern 1-4, 70c; Noddy 1-1, 2.5c; Booby 1-2,
$1.50; Wood Ibis 1 4, $1.20; Green Heron 1-5,
30c; Bkack-crowued Night Heron 2 5, 40c;
Sora Rail 1-11, 50c; Clapper Kail 310, 70c;
Florida Red-shouldered Hawk 1-8, 70c ; West-
ern Nighthawk 1-2, 39c; Rul)ythroated Hum-
mer n-2. s^Oc; Black-chinned n-2. C-Jc; Costas
n-2, 80c; Annas n 2, G9c; Aliens n-2, $1; Ben-
dire's Thrasher 1-4 $1.30 per set. All first
class data. Write for complete list. J. O.
JOHNSON, Box .5,50, Southington, Conn.

BOOKS postpaid on receipt of price. Goss
"Birds of Kansas,'' $5.38; Davie's "Taxid-
ermy," $f.98; Davie's 'Nests and Eggs." 5th
edition, $2.15; "Birds of Michigan," 45c;
"Birds of Labrador," 45c; "Natural History
of Labrador." 45c; "Apgars Key." 45c.

KERR & PERHAM, Blencoe, la.

FOR SALE:— Fine sets of Birds Eggs with
nests and full data. Fine nests of Hawks and
Crows, Indian War Clubs, Indian Bows, Con-
federate Saber (from Bull Run battle). High
Poster Bedstead over 100 years old, brass or-
naments on posts (very line), Fine Cabinet
specimens of Asbestos (specular) Magnetic
Iron Ore and Crystallized Breccia, Warming
Pans. Fine Colonial Tray. 24i by 18 inches
(tropical scenery). Other relics. Prices on
application, CHAS. H. WILLIAMS. Box
100, Winchester Centre, Conn.

SMALL ATLANTIC STARS.— Fine lot at
2.5c. do/en net. Beautifully prepared. W. F.
WEBB, Mgr, Albion, N. Y.

WANTED.— Warbler Skins in large quan-
tity. Send full list of what you have or what
you can get. I offer copies of my own Publi-
cations, including new editions of Birds of
Eastern North America. Also want a few
collectors to shoot Warblers and preserve en-
tire information. Write me at once and men-
tion Museum. C. J. MAYNARD. 447 Crafts
St., West Newton, Mass.

146

THE MUSEUM.

CHECK LISTS.— 3000 to go at once. Post-
paid per dozen. lOc; per 100, 7.3c. Order at
once KERR & PERHAM, Blencoe, la.

SCHOOL COLLECTIONS!— We recently
sold a line of our $i5 00 School Collections to
the Newark Valley, N. Y , High School. An
I'.nsolieited letter from the principal says:
"I desire to say that we are well pleased with
the cabinet we purchased from you It was
accepted and highly praised by the Univer-
sity of New York by its representative sent
to inspect our school. Whenever you desire
to refer to rue please do so." J. S. KINGS-
LEY, Ph. B . Principal High School, Newark
Valley, N. Y.

MUSEUMS:— A complete tile of Volumes
one, two and three, 30 numbers in all, will be
sent prepaid to any part of the U. S.. Canada
or Mexico for $3. Order now while we have
complete tiles to otter We will also exchange
for good books on Ornithology. W. F. WEBB
Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

INDIAN RELICS FOR SALE.— Fine pot-
tery, pipes, desirable specimens in Hint, slate
and stone. Outlines upon request. Will
purchase large and small lots of Indian rel
ics. DR. W. O. EMORY, Crawfordsville,
Ind^ 2tJul

WANTED:— The following back numbers
of the MuSEU.^i: October, 189G; November,
1896 and February, 189.3. For any of above
numbers we will give any two other numbers
or pay 10 cents each cash. W. F. WEBB,
Mgr.. Albion, N. Y.

WANT:— Al sets with data of Hawks,
Grouse, Quail, Plover and many other.
Send list of what you have. Catalogue for
4c stamp CHAS. K. REED, Worcester,
Mass.

NOVELTIES in Fancy Thermometors
mounted in Angel Wing Shells and others.
Prepaid 35 cents. Send stamp for Photo.
Special prices in dozen lots. KERR i)i PER-
HAM, Blencoe, Iowa.

"hermit CRABS IN SHELL, finely cleaned
and preserved. Each one. wrajiped in a tin
box, per dozen, $1.50. W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,
Albion, N. Y.

FOR SALE:-A nice set 1-3 Mourning
Warbler for $4 prepaid; also tine sets 1-3 Cer-
ulean Warbler and nest for $3; 1-3 Duck
Hawk taken in California for $6; also other
tine sets. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

EXCHANGE ADS. FREE —Any reader of
the MusuEM who will send 25 cents and an
addressed and stamped envelope, to Popular
Science, 108 Fulton St., New York, for a ihreo
mouths trial subscription, will be presented
with a Fifty Cent want advertising coupon.
Sample copies free. See additional particu-
lars on adv. in this issue.

RARE SKINS:— We otter a pair of dark
bodied Shearwater at $5 each; two pair Black-
vented Shearwate at $3 each; two pair Marb-
led Murrelets at $1.25 each. All prepaid.
W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

EGGS, Fos^il.<, Minerals, Coins, Stamps, to
exchange for odd Beetles Onedczen of each
variety wanted, efpeci;dly from South and
West. Pack in cotton siving locality and
date. C ABBOTT DAVIS, 1131 Elmwood
Ave , Providence, R. I.

MANDARIN DUCK SKINS!-Do you
know this is considered the finest duck in the
world? We have a few more tine male skins
at $1.75 prepaid by mail Also a few of those
choice Japanese Pheasautiikins, usually sold
»t $4.00 each; our price $1.75 for males and
$1.25 for females or $3.00 for pair. If wanted
by mail send 30 cts. extra. Tliev are h:\nd-
some and a bargain. W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,
Albion. N. Y.

CALIF. CONDAR SKIN. We have a nice
skin for sale. Collectors wanting such apolv
for price. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

DEVONIAN ACE.

Period
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THE MUSEUM.

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

Vol. 1\"

ALBION, N. Y.. AUGUST 15, 1898.

No. 10

Collecting and Preparing Ferns
for the Herbarium.

The collecting; ot ferns for trans-
planting, and the cDllection of fronds
for preservation as botanical speci-
mens, are to be pursued at very dif-
ferent periods of the year.

To the latter that we are desirous of
devoting a few pages. It may be pre-
mised that for botanical purposes
fronds destitute of fructification are
worse than useless unless they belong
to species which produce distinct fer-
tile and barren fronds, and in which
the characters and appearance of these
fronds materially differ. In such cases
the two kinds of fronds should be col-
lected and preserved together.

The period for collecting ferns for
the herbarium is therefore manifestly
that when the fructification has nearly
attained to maturity, and it is always
better to collect them on a dry day
than on a very wet one. The collect-
or should go out prepared for collect-
ing ferns, if he desires that his herbar-
ium should present a neat and respect-
able appearance when completed.
Some recommend a vasculum, some
a bag and some a large book under
the arm; but commend us to two half-
inch deal boards, about 1 1 inches by
17, with a strap and buckle for each
end, and 20 sheets of bibulous paper,
cut to the same size, and placed be-
tween them. Having selected a good
frond or two for preservation, taking
care not to break the stipe or stalk,
but to separate it from the rhizome or
ryot stock, bend back the stipe just
below the lowest leaflets of the frond,
breaking the woody portion, but not
dividing it from the rest of the frond,
and lay it carefully between a sheet of
your bibulous paper, and secure it
with the spare paper bet.veen your

boards; then proceed in search of
more. Fronds, which with their
stalks are not too long for the paper,
should be laid in without bending.

In selecting fronds for preservation,
it is not the largest that are required,
but is rather advisable to collect such
specimens as will lie comfortably be-
tween the papers without bending,
than to aim at procuring y?//f speci-
mens which rnay only prove to be a
nuisance. A perfect frond of nine
inches in length is better than a folded
or otherw'-^ mutilated one of nineteen
inches. 1 ^electing fronds the fruit
should Hi ; too ripe, or instead of
spores you v. only find empty cases
not to menti. 1 '^e rusty dust that will
continually fil. )^ur papers. It is bet-
ter that the spores should be scarcely
matured. Then again it should be
noticed whether the frond is eaten by
insects, broken, or in ony other way
imperfect. Such specimens are to be
avoided if others can be obtained.
Finally, the specimen selected should
be well grown, and not distorted, un-
symmetrical, or e-xhibit a tendency to
sporing or departure from the general
tyye of the neighboring fronds.

Having collected what specimens
are required and conveyed them home,
the next process consists of drying
them for the herbarium. This is ac-
complished by removing them from
the papers in which they have been
collected, and transferring them to
fresh paper. Some persons are con-
tent with a stout unsized paper, such
as employed by grocers for wrapping
sugar, others will proceed to blotting
paper, whilst the majority will admit
that Bentail's botanical paper is decid-
edly the best. The ferns should be
transferred to a sheet of drying paper
two or three thicknesses, or even four

I4S

THE MUSEUM.

or five, may be placed upon it, and
then another specimen, ad libitum.
When all are in this manner trans-
ferred, the pile should be placed in a
press, or with a stout board above and
below, loaded on the -top with some
heavy weights, stones, bricks, old
books, or anything available for that
purpose. Twenty-four hours at the
least, and forty-eight at the most,
they should remain unmoved. At the
expiration of this period each speci-
men should be transferred to a dry
sheet of paper, with three or four
thicknesses of dry paper between each
specimen, and again put under pres-
sure for the same period. The damp
paper from which the specimens are
taken should be at once dried in the
sun or before the fire. It is always
advisable to change the papers in
which specimens are being dried at
least four times during the first week;
some persons change them daily. Af-
ter the first week, if placed between
the folds of a fresh, dry sheet of pa-
per' once a week, and kept under a
moderate pressure for a month, the
drying process may be considered com-
plete. No specimen should be trans-
ferred to the herbarium in less than a
month from the time of its being col-
lected.

There is one small caution which
must not be forgotten. A specimen
should never be put under pressure to
be dried without being accompanied
by a small scrap of paper, on which is
written the locality where the speci-
men was collected, and the date of
collection. A name can be added at
any time since the specimen itself will
furnish the data from which this may
be determined, but it will be impossi-
ble to furnish localities and dates with
any precision at a future occasion, and
upon the accuracy of these much of
the value of the specimen will depend.

Before the specimen is permanently
transferred to the herbarium, it should
he poisoned, to prevent its injury or
destruction by mites and other predac-
ious little pests. A small quantity of

finely powdered corrosive sublimate —
about as much as will lay on a four-
penny piece is sufficient — should be
put into a bottle containing 4 02. of
spirits of wine, and permitted to stand
for a day or two shaking the bottle oc-
casionally in the interim. With a
small brush this solution should be
brushed all over each specimen on
both surfaces, and then, when thor-
oughly dried, it may take its proper
place in the herbarium.

Opinions may vary as to many of
the minor details of a herbarium, but
at the risk of not pleasing everyone,
we will present a scheme for the con-
struction and maintenance of a her-
barium of ferns.

The paper on which the specimens
are to be mounted should not be too
thin; a good cartridge paper will an-
swer every purpose. The standard
herbarium size is about iS by 11 in-
ches. This is as large as any one
could desire. Each species, at least,
should have the whole of a sheet de-
voted to it. The larger ferns will re-
quire a separate sheet for each vari-
ety. The specimens should be laid on
the paper with the under or fructify-
ing surface uppermost, and the barren
side of the frond applied to the paper.
Small strips of gummed paper, about
an inch in length, and not more than
one-eighth of an inch in width, should
be laid across the principal and sec-
ondary ribs or branches of the frond,
and each end fastened down to the
sheet of paper; other pieces may, in
like manner, be placed across the tips
of the fronds, or wherever else ap-
pears to be necessary to secure the
specimen to the paper. It may be
suggested that too many such slips
disfigure the specimens, and if there
are not sufficient it cannot be retained
in its place. Experience must be the
best teacher. Some object to fasten-
ing the specimens to paper at all,
others recommend gluing them down
by the whole surface. Both these
plans appear to us to be equally ob-
jectionable. If the specimens are

I

THE MUSEUM.

149

loose, they are not only in danger of
being broken or damaged, but of be-
ing misplaced or dissevered from the
label which belongs to them. If
wholly glued down they cannot under
many circumstances be removed from
t he paper, either to be transferred to
other paper, or for closer e.xamination
ir comparison.

Each specimen having been mount-
ed, the label which accompanies it
should be fastened down beside it.
This may be pasted, {'"inally its gen-
eric and specitic name should be writ-
ten legibly at the lower /•/>/'/-hand
orner. All the specimens belonging
to one genus should then be collected
together, and placed between the
folds of a sheet of paper half an inch
wider and longer, when folded, than
the half-sheets upon which the speci-
mens are mounted. These "genera
covers" may be of the same paper, or
I smooth brown paper may be em-
ployed for the purpose. On the out-
side of the "genera covers" at the low-
er AyV-hand corner, the name of the
genus should be written in a good
hold hand. The whole may be trans-
ferred to a deal box, the front of which
is movable as well as the lid, being
hinged to the bottom, so as to fall
down and lie flat on the table. The
lid may be so contrived as to hold the
front in its place when closed. A deal
box 9 inches deep, 13 inches wide and
20 inches long will hold a good col-
lection, and if this ever should prove
too small for the number of specimens
obtained, a second box of the same
ilimensions will remedy the evil. The
order of succession in which the gen-
era are placed in the box may be tak-
en from this volume, which will then
serve as an index for the herbarium.

If it is considered desirable, a little
camphor may be kept with the speci-
mens, but the best preservative will
be to look them all over, and thus al-
low the air to have access to them,
once in every six months. With such
precautions a collection may be pre-
served uninjured for years, provided

always that it is kept in a dry place
— not moderately but tlioroiiglily dry
— or "mould" may injure irremediably
what insects have spared.

A neat little collection of ferns, of
smaller pretensions, and less claims,
to be regarded in a scientific light,
may be arranged in a kind of album
or scrapbook, with "guards" intro-
duced by the binder sufficient to com-
pensate for the extra thickness caused
by the insertion of the specimens. A
tinted paper is often used in the man-
ufacture of these books, which the
good taste of a lady may transform
into a very interesting volume for the
drawing-room table. — Frxnn Cooke's
"Fern Book for F.vcrybodf."' '

The Late Baron Sir Ferdinand
Von Mueller, K. C. M-, F. R. S.
Etc., Government Botan-
ist of Victoria.

Scientists throughout the world, but more
especially the deceased's numerous personal
friends, will bo pleased to hear that his exe-
cutors (Re\ . W. Potter, Dr. Alex. Buttner
and H. Huttner, Esq.) are— in compliance
with the Baron's dying wish — now collecting
donations for the erecting upon his grave in
the St. Kilda cemetery, Melbourne, of a mon-
ument worthy of the deceased savanVi fame.
The monument is of grey granite, 23ft. in
height, all highly polished, and will stand in
the centre of a grave-plot 12ft. square, plant-
ed out with choice specimens of the Austral-
ian flora, with which the Baron's name has
become imperishably linked. They also will
be glad to know that the illustrious phytolo-
gist's supplemental volume of the Flora Aus-
Irnliensis, upon which he had worked for
years, and was preparing for the Pres.s at the
time of his death, is to be published, together
with two volumes on his administration as
director of the Botanical Gardens, Melbourne,
and embracing a biography and complete
bibliograph of his writings. The executors
will feel favored by the loan of any of his let-
ters, or the communication of incidents in
the Baron's life which friends may deem
worthy of notice in the biography Dona-
tions and letters should be addressed— "Rev.
W. Potter, •Vonmueller,' Arnold street, South
Yarra, Melbourne. Australia."

150

THE MUSEUM.

A Monthly Magazine devoted to Ornithology,

Oology, MoUusca, Echinodermata,

Mineralogy and Allied

Sciences.

Walter F. W^ebb, Editor and Manager
Albion. N. Y.

Correspondence and Items of interest on above top-
ics, as well as notes on the various Museums of the
World— views from same, discoveries relative to the
bandling and keeping of Natural History material,
descriptive habits of various species, are solicited
from all.

Make articles as brief as possible and as free from
technical terms as the subjects will allow. All letters
will be promptly answered.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

Single Subscription 11.00 per annum

Sample Copies _ 10c each

ADVERTISING RATES.

5 cents per Nonpareil line each insertion. Twelve
lines to the Inch.

Cash must accompany all orders.

Kemlttancea should be made by Draft, Express or
Post Office Order or Registered Letter.

Unused U. S. Postage Stamps of any denomination
■accepted for small amounts.

MUSEUM PUB. CO..

ALBION, ORLEANS CO., N. Y.

Entered at Albion post-office as second-class mail matter

NOTES.

With deep regret we report

the

death of J. Maurice Hatch of CaUfor-
nia also Jno. McKowen of Chicago.
Both were enterprising collectors and
have long been subscribers to the Mu-

SUEM.

In the death of Dr. Hall of Albany,
N. Y. , geologists and palaeontologists
of this country have lost a true friend.
A service of 62 years is a very un-
usual one, and this coupled with the
wonderful results which have always
"followed his efforts, makes his life
■work one worth perusing.

Our eastern trip — taken since the
publication of the last Museum — was
a very enjoyable one. Our main
headquarters were Edgartown on
Marthy's Vineyard Island south of
Cape Cod, Mass. It proved a very
fair collecting ground but we were un-
fortunately quite hampered by fogs.
Some of the nice specimens secured
will be listed up later on.

A Brief History of the Gathering
of Fresh-Water Pearls in the
United States. *

BY GEORGE F. KUNZ.

The gathering of pearls from the
fresh-water shells of North America,
although a matter of comparatively
recent date among the present inhab-
itants, really goes back very far into
the unrecorded past, and early attract-
ed notice among the first European
explorers. In the pre-historic period
the Mound Builders of the Mississippi
Valley gathered immense quantities of
these pearls, as it is amply shown by
the stores of them found on the
"hearths" of a number of mounds, es-
pecially in Ohio, by the recent ex-
plorations of Professor F. W. Putnam
and W. K. Moorehead. By age, bur-
ial and in some cases funeral or sacri-
fical fires, these pearls have lost their
lustre and beauty, but they were evi-
dently highly prized by these ancient
people, and gathered by the hundred
thousand. The finding of two bushels
in a single series of mounds is an evi-
dence of their abundance.

The first explorers who traveled
among Indian tribes speak frequently
of the number and beauty of the
pearls in possession of the natives.
Especially marked are these accounts
in connection with the great expedi-
tion of De Soto, from Florida through
the present Gulf States to the Mississ-
ippi, in i540-'4i. Garcillasso de la
Vega and other narrators give most
minute accounts of pearls as worn by
the Indians, and the accounts given
by them to De Soto at various times,
and taken by themselves from burial
places of native chieftains, make it
quite evident that perhaps all of these
referred to were not fresh-water pearls
but marine. De Soto's narratives,

*Having had numerous inquiries about
Fresh Water Pearls from shell collectors, we
herewith present an article from the pen of
probably the best posted man on the subject
in the U. S. It was originally read before
the Fishery Congress at Tampa, Fla., and re-
printed in the Fishing Gazette, to which we
are indebted for same.— Ed.

THE MUSEUM

»5<

which were undoubtedly of the former,
seem exaggerated, but the recent finds
referred to substantiate them. The
process is described, moreover, of
gathering the shells and opening them
by heat, which was shown to De Soto,
at his request, by a friendly chief. In
the same way. several early English
travelers from New England to Flor-
ida refer to the Indians as having
pearls, undoubtedly from the fresh-
water Unionadif.

No particular attention, however,
was given to the subject until about
forty years ago. The natives had
been dispossessed, and the white race,
occupied with other interests and ne-
cessities, took little note of the hosts
of fresh-water shells inhabiting the
streams and lakes, and did not suspect
their power of producing pearls. In
the rivers of Saxony and Bohemia, in-
deed, and those of Scotland and Ire-
land, and the lakes of Finland, such
pearls have long been known and val-
ued, although the Unio life is far less
abundant than in our great river
streams of America, but not until the
middle of the present century was any
search begun or any important discov-
ery made.

This was all changed, however, by
the first great pearl excitement in
1857, when large and valuable Unio
pearls were first discovered in New
Jersey. First, a pearl of fine lustre,
weighing ninety-three grains was
found at Notch Brook near Paterson.
It became known as the "Queen
Pearl," and was sold by Tiffany &
Co. to the Empress Eugenie of France
for $2,500. It is today worth four
times that amount. The news of this
sale created such an excitement that
search for pearls was started through-
out the country. The Unios at Notch
Brook and elsewhere were gathered
by the million and destroyed, often
with little or no result. A large round
pearl weighing four hundred grains,
which would undoubtedly have been
one of the finest pearls of modern
times was ruined by boiling to open

the shell. Within one) ear pearls were
sent lO the New York market from
nearly every state; in 1S57 fully $15,-
000 worth. In 1868 it fell oH to some
$2,000; in 1859 about $2,000; in i860
about $1,500; in 1860-63 only $1,500.
The excitement thus abated until
about 1868, when there was a slight
revival of interest, and many fine
pearls were obtained from Little Mi-
ami River, Ohio.

Some of the finest American pearls
that were next found came from near
Waynesville, Ohio, $30,000 worth be-
ing collected in that vicinity during the
pearl excitement of 1876. Since 1880
pearls have come from comparatively
new districts further West and South,
the supply from which is apparently
on the increase. At first few were
found, or rather few were looked for,
west of Ohio, but gradually the line
extended, and Kentucky, Tennessee
and Texas became the principal pearl-
producing States, and some pearls
were sent North from Florida.

A few years later the interest ex-
tended to the Northwestern States.
During the summer of 1889 a quantity
of magnificently colored pearls were
found in the creeks and rivers of Wis-
consin, in Beloit, Rock County; Bos-
cobel and Potosi, Grand County;
Prairie du Chein and Lynxville, Craw-
ford County. Of these pearls more
than $10,000 worth were sent to New
York within three months, including a
single pearl worth more than $500,
and some among them were equal to
any ever found for beauty and color-
ing. The colors were principally
purplish red, copper red and dark
pink. Within the past eight years
over $200,000 worth of pearls have
been sold from this district.

These discoveries led to immense
activity in pearl-hunting through all
the streams of the region, and in three
or four seasons the shells were almost
exterminated. In 1890 it extended
through other portions of Wisconsin,
especially Calumet and Manitowoc
counties, and appeared also in Illinois,

is:

THE MUSEUM.

along the Mackinaw River and its trib-
utary creeks, in McLean, Tazewell
and Woodford counties.

In 1SS9 the exhibit of American
pearls received an award of a gold
medal, and the collaborateur a silver
medal for the literature. At the Co-
lumbian Exposition at Chicago, in
1893, large and beautiful exhibits of
pearls, of great variety of tints were
set in the finest jewelry in the Manu-
facturers' Building, and were a not-
able feature in the Wisconsin State
Building and the Maine Building.

The Northwestern pearl excitement
subsided in a few seasons, as the
others had done in turn before, by the
exhaustion of the mussel beds and the
consequent cessation of product..
About every ten years or so a new
wave of interest arises in connection
with fresh discoveries at sorrie point
where the shells have lain long undis-
turbed; it again absorbs the attention
and excites the imagination of the
community around and spreads to
other parts of the country, a fresh
campaign of ignorant extermination is
carried on for several summers, then
the yield is exhausted, and there is
nothing more but to leave nature to
recuperate, if possible, and slowly to
restore, in limited amount, the abun-
dant life that has been destroyed.

During the past season of 1S97
the pearl fever has broken out in a
new locality, attracted attention and
awakened similar activity in various
parts of the country. This time the
scene of discovery and excitement was
the hitherto undisturbed streams and
bayous of Arkansas These waters
teem with Unios and pearls have at
times been found by the rural popula-
tion for years past; but there has been
usually no knowledge of their nature
or their value. They have been sim-
ply regarded as "pretty stones," aud
used as playthings by the children-
like the first South American diamond
that attracted the -notice of a trader,
in 1866, as he saw it in the hands of
the children of his Boer host at the

Vaol River. Several valuable pearls,,
however, were this year found by per-
sons from St. Louis and Memphis,
who at once sent them to those cities,
and ascertained their reality and value.
The same parties then searched for
more, and took steps to lease the land
where pearls were abundant. Ere
long the facts became known, and a
wild excitement set in and spread
through large portions of Arkansas,
extending into Missouri, Kansas and
the territory of the Choctaw Nation.
The first important discoveries were
on small lakes or bayous,, formed hy
affluents of the. White River and its.
branches, then on the Arkansas, thieL
Ouachita, and the Black Xache and
St. Francis rivers, thus a^ecting al-
most all sections of the State. In
one district an entire lake was leased,
guarded and fenced for the pearl con-
tents of it alone.

The newspaper press took up the
subject and published highly sensa-
tional accounts of the treasures to be
had in what was largely proclaimed as..
"the Arkansas Klondike." These ar-
ticles were copied al! over the country,
and led to a great amount of pearl-
hunting in many of the States, both
East and West. Iowa, Tennessee,
Georgia, New York and Connecticut
were all more or less stirred up to ac-
tivity. The former pearl region of
Tennessee was less affected than a
new section in the eastern part of the
State, along Clinch River, where great
crowds have been searching for pearls
and large quantities were obtained.
The Georgia interest has been chiefly
along the Oostenaula, near and above
Rome. The New York activity has
been in the northeastern angle of the
State, along Grass River, in St. Law-
rence County. Connecticut has yield-
ed some good results to the searchers
on the Mystic and Shepaug rivers — at
almost opposite ends of the State.

REASON FOR THE PEAKL INVESTIG.ATION.

In view of the great interest and
possible importance of the pearl, the

I

THE MUSEUM.

•53

discoveries from time to time in var-
ious parts of the United States, and
particularly in the Mississippi \'alley,
of pearls yielded by the fresh-water
bivalve shells (Unionida-) so abundant
in many of our inland waters, I was
invited in 1S94, to undertaka system-
atic inquiry for the United States
Commission of Fish and I-'isheries, to
ascertain, as far as possible, the facts
relating fo the occurrence and distri-
bution of the pearl-bearing species,
and the extent and conduct of the
pearl industry, as thus far de\eloped.
The value and elegance of many of
these pearls, especially as shown in
the exhibits made by the Columbian
Exposition in 1S95, the popular ex-
citement or "pearl fevers" at times
arising in districts where a few pearls
have been found and characterised by
wholesale and reckless destruction of
of the shells over large areas, the total
lack of system in the search for pearls,
as contrasted with the methods that
have been developed on a smaller but
far more profitable scale in Europe,
all seems to call for a careful investi-
gation by the Commission, with a
view to better knowledge and wiser
direction in the matter of mland Amer-
ican pearl fisheries. Undoubtedly
for a considerable period after the first
explorations the pearl resources of
North .America seem to have attracted
little attention. The Indian race was
contending with the whites for the
possession of the country: it was a
time of uncertainty and strifie for both
races, and not until the great water-
ways of the Mississippi Valley had
been won by the whites, the region
occupied and settled communities es-
tablished do we again begin to find
any indications of the search for fresh-
water pearls. For some two cen-
turies the Unios lived and multiplied
in the rivers and streams unmolested
by either the native tribes that had
used them for food or the pioneers of
the new race that had not yet learned
of their hidden treasures of pearl.
It is with some surprise that one

notes that so few .American concholo-
gists have paid attention to our native
pearls. It is probably accounted for
by the fact that the pearls are con-
tained in old, distorted and diseased
shells, which are not so desirable for
collections as the finer specimens.
Collectors who have opened many
thousands of Unios have never ob-
served a pearl of value. Pearls are
usually found either by farmers, who
devote their spare time to this indus-
try, and if no result is obtained suffer
no loss, or by persons in country vil-
lages who are without regular occupa-
tions, but are ever seeking means for
rapid increase of fortune. Multitudes
of shells that do not contain pearls are
destroyed in the search.

HABIT.\T OF THE FRESH-WATER MUSSEL.

From the many inquiries sent out
the general indications from these data
are quite plain, to the effect that the
shells are chiefly found in rather rapid
streams, in which the bottom would
naturally be sandy or gravelly, and
the water clear. Other species, how-
ever, occur in muddy or clayey bot-
toms where the water is slower. The
preferences to rock bottom do not
concern so much the immediate sur-
face where the shells are found as the
underlying bed on which the softer
materials rest. In the matter of
depth, also, the large preponderance
of answers in favor of shallow streams
may mean, not so much that the
Unios greatly prefer shallow water, as
that they are more readily found and
gathered there. The frequent allu-
sions to "hard" or calcareous water
tend to confirm the general impres-
sion that streams of this kind are fav-
orable to the development of mollus-
can shells, both in size and abund-
ance of calcareous matter in the water
tends to induce the prolific secretion
of the pearls.

A Florida writer states that the
best Unio growth is found in lakes
with outlets, with water pure and
fresh, but adds that it is sometimes

154

THE MUSEUM.

sulphurous. A Texas pearler (Colo-
rado, Concho, San Saba and Llano
rivers) refers to the water as becoming
slightly alkaline in dry times, and an-
other Texas pearler (Colorado and
Llano) makes a similar statement. A
New York pearler (De Grass River
and Plum Brook) mentions the water
as brown or black — the clear, brown
water of the hemlock districts, famil-
iar in Northern New York.

The general conclusions most clear-
ly brought out may perhaps be sum-
med up as follows: The shells are
most abundant in swift and clear wat-
er where the bottom is sandy or grav-
elly and the country rock calcareous.
While still numerous in many streams
they have greatly diminished within a
few years past, wherever the pearl-
hunting enterprise has extended, and
are at some points nearly exterminat-
ed. The pearls found are few, and
those of marketable value represent
the destruction of thousands of shells
for every one obtained. No use is
made of this often beautiful material,
which is simply thrown away and lost,
although for buttons and ornamental
articles it would be admirable. The
imethods of gathering the shells and
extracting the pearls are the simplest
and most primitive, and the activity
of a few seasons generally exhausts
the bed.

This state of affairs is one that calls
loudly for reform. The wealth of
Unios that filled our rivers and streams
is being rapidly destroyed by ignorant
and wasteful methods of pearl-hunt-
ing, and either some form of protec-
tion is important, or, if that be not
possible, a wide diffusion of informa-
tion as to better methods and particu-
larly the introduction of tools used in
Germany for opening Unios far enough
to see if there are any pearls obtained
without destroying the animal, which
may then be returned to the water.
{To be continued.')

My Turtles.

Early this last Spring, while collect-
ing in a small patch of woods several
miles from home, my attention was
aroused by a crackling of dry twigs,
as though some good sized animal was
in the neighborhood. The noise was
repeated and, on going to its source, I
found a handsomely marked Box Tur-
tle, (Cistudo Carolina),\\\\\z\\ was just
completing its morning meal, as the
small remnant of earth worm hanging
from its jaws indicated.

Now Box Turtles are getting decid-
edly scarce in Rhode Island, and ac-
cordingly I was much interested in
this find. He was immediately con-
signed to a large fish basket which I
invariably carry on my excursions
afield.

Closer examination at home showed
that my find had been captured before
and was of considerable age, as his
plastron was decorated with two dates,
one 1887, the other, 1857. The car-
apax of this specimen was beautifully
marked with bright yellow, more so
than any other that I have seen.

A portion of the yard was partition-
ed off and allotted to this animal, who
was not destined to remain long with-
out company.

A few days later I secured two Spot-
ted Turtles, {Che/opus guttatus), that
were installed in the same pen. Short-
ly after, two more Box Turtles were
added and recently I was presented
with one of those ugly looking and
ugly tempered Snappers, {Cliclydi-a
serpentina).

A tub filled with water was sunk in
the ground for the accommodation of
this last arrival and some Painted Tur-
tles, Chryseniys picta), an abundant
resident of this State.

All of the family seemed content,
even happy, with the exception of his
serpentine majesty, who was the larg-
est one of the lot and whom more
than one visitor pronounced the very
image of that sulphurous individual
who is supposed to rule over the low-
er regions.

THE MUSEUM.

'55

The Box Turtles were nearly all the
same si^e, about seven inches long,
but the difference in marking was very
decided, not only as to color but also
as to the distribution of the bands and
blotches. The color varied from a
very bright to a pale yellow. In one
turtle the head and neck was almost
completely covered with markings,
while another possessed scarcely any
at all in this location.

From time to time, I had thrown a
little grass into the pen until a small
heap had accumulated, under which
the Box Turtles seemed to like to bur-
row. Except when thirsty they seem-
ed to dislike the water, and I have
never seen them enter it. Once when
camping on a small island in a large
fresh water pond, a Box Turtle which
I had secured to a tree with a long
cord, made wild endeavors to get into
the water.

At first, when approached, their
•heads would disappear with a hiss and
the curiously hinged plastron would
then close up, concealing all unpro-
tected parts from harm. Bt as they
grew more used to the confinement
and civilization, their sociable nature
began to evince itself and they often
take their food from my hand.

Worms and meat have been their
principal diet while under my care.
When rather large worms are given,
:the Cistudos usually sieze them near
the middle of the body, give them a
sharp nip and then drop them. This
is repeated several times until the
worm ceases his struggles somewhat.
Then, starting at one end, they com-
mence to swallow and the worm dis-
appears by sections. Cooked meat
seems to be rather disliked, and unless
■ quite hungry they refuse to touch it.
But rare meat they eat with avidity.
.It seems that they are vegetarians also,
as it is stated in "Johnson's Natural
.History," that they live on "fruits, in-
sects, edible mushrooms, etc." I have
made no experiments with a fruit diet
•as yet.

Both in shape and manner of eat-

ing the Box Turtle greatly resembles
the huge Tortoise of the Galapagos
Islands, which the writer had tine op-
portunities to study, in their native
haunts last year. This Tortoise, how-
ever is a strict vegetarian.

Today. August 3d, two things have
happened one of which causes me
pleasure, the other sorrow. Firstly,
one of my Box Turtles laid three eggs.
These eggs are much elongated in
shape, measuring one and a half inch-
es in length. The shell is like heavy
parchment and white in color with
rather an opalesent tinge. I thought,
when first laid. I found them on the
top of the ground. None of the eggs
laid in captivity ever hatched. A note
dated .April 3d in my Journal of 1895
mentions preparing a "Box Turtle, fe-
male, containing several eggs ready to
be laid. Specimen had been dead
several days." The great difference
between these two breeding dates
caused me to insert this note.

I shall be pleased to hear from any
reader of the Museum in regard to the
breeding habits of our land and fresh
water Turtles.

The cause of my sorrow was the es-
cape of my Chelydra, and I fear that
this time he has gone for good. On
two previous occasions he has man-
aged to get out of the pen but has
been recaptured. This time, however
a careful search has met with no suc-
cess. No, I spoke too quickly, he has
returned. Just after penning the
above lines, the door bell rang and a
neighbor (how nice it is to have a rep-
utation as a cranky returned my Tur-
tle which he had found wandering up
the street and collected, thinking that
probably it was one of my pets.

The long tail and large head of this
reptile gave him rather an ancient ap-
pearance. He is fully ugly enough to
take his place among those curious
reptiles of previous ages. My speci-
men, as is usually the case, is partially
covered on the back with moss, and
at the titne of his arrival had several
leeches clinging to the under side of

156

THE MUSEUM.

the body near the edge of the plastron.
I have been unable to get up any
meal of sufficient excellence to tempt
him, or perhaps it is homesickness
that causes him to refuse. I expect
that hunger will compel him to eat be-
fore long.

The lowest wall of the pen is nearly
three feet high, perpendicular and of
fairly smooth boards, yet this fellow
has scaled it three times. I have seen
him crawl nearly to the top only to
lose his grip and fall back. A min-
ute's rest and it is repeated, I suppose
until success crowns his efforts.

His temper has been bad ever since
he was first captured. When touched
on the neck he will straighten up and
make a vicious jab with wide open
mouth, at the cause of his trouble; and
such a mouth! I should hesitate a
good many times before getting my
fingers in its immediate vicinity.

About the only other point that I
have as yet noticed about him, is that
on continued handling he emits a very
disagreeable odor which it is difficult
to remove with soap and water.

The Painted Turtles {Cliryseuiys)
spend nearly all their time in the wat-
er, coming out occasionally to sun
themselves. In addition to flies and
worms they eat small pieces of bread.
The Spotted Turtles {Chclopus) are
of much the same nature, though they
seem to be content to stay out of wat-
er. In fact, those that I have, spend
most of their time on dry land. This
species eats worms and small pieces of
meat either cooked or raw, and it is
surprising how much one of these lit-
tle Turtles can eat at a meal. Both
this and the preceeding species prefer
to have their food dropped in the wat-
er. Perhaps later on my Turtles may
exhibit some other interesting traits
which I can record for the Museum,
but for the present I feel that I have
used up my share of the space and al-
so the editor's patience.

F. P. Drowne.

Mice and Moles of Mahoning
County, Ohio-

BY E. W. VICKERS.

Of mice and moles including the
shrews we have eight identified spec-
ies in this locality.

The most common of our native
mice is the meadow mouse, field
mouse or as the farmers are in the
habit of calling it the "meadow mole"
Arvccala 7' i pari a Ord. This is an
extremely abundant creature in the
meadows where it does much damage
being perfectly netted with the fabric
of crossing path ways in autumn and
winter. It is a grotesque and awk-
ward creature reminding you of a
dwarfed or stunted muskrat, which it
resembles not a little in color.

A more agile and dainty creature is
the white- footed or deer mouse {Hes-
po'omys lcucopiis)'^\\.\i its large gog-
gle eyes. In Cuyahoga county near
Cleveland I used to find everywhere
in osage hedges companies of six and :
eight of these mice occupying a nest
of thistle down made into a ball with
opening at the side in winter. And
upon the coldest days a little poke
with a weed stalk was sure to awaken
the snug but light sleepers within. I
make this note because the deer mouse
is sometimes spoken of as a hibernat-
ing mammal. However, it may be in
other portions of its range, it scarcely
merits admittance under that head
here, as I will shortly prove. Here-
abouts I have not, so far in a residence
of six years found a nest occupied by
Hcspcroiiiys in hedge or tree. Here it
occupies a hollow stump, holes in trees
or logs and in buckets and under
crocks in sugar-houses.

Though several cases of nests that
would fill half bushel measures made
of grass and grage vine shreds early
in winter in the rose bushes of a swamp
led me to think the white-footed mouse
had built them, as the side opening
was just his size and as I could attri-
bute them to none other of our little
mammals. Traps set failed to take.

I

THE MUSEUM.

157

the little owners of these snug winter
quarters, who ever they were.

Our other mouse resembling much the
little white-foot, the jumping mouse
,Z,if<iis /iiciiso'iiiis) or kangaroo mouse
as the rustics call it, is much shyer as
well as so much rarer, although I have
not seen it leap ten or fifteen feet at
a "spang" as some record, yet it is a
most wonderful jumper, with its dis-
proportionately long hind legs and tail
much longer than its body, some times
twice as long. There seems little
doubt about the hibernation of this
species. It burrows below the foot
line, and sleeps till spring unlocks its
prison home and calls it forth. Yet
one of my correspondents assured me
he had seen its tracks in winter. This
helped me to fall into a mistake which
it may be interesting to note.

In my field note book for Feb. 20,
1S96 I find the following observations:
"Ten below zero this morning and
has not been above zqxo all day. Out
in the Huxley woods I saw what ap-
peared to be the tracks of a jumping
mouse, looking as the snow-powder
had obliterated them not unlike a cap-
ital q with a long tail which was ac-
tually 4. 5 inches long. The legs all
came down together, the tail printed
in a graceful compound curve in the
fine snow. The tracks were from lo
to iS inches apart, mostly between
these two figures. If these- are the
tracks of a Zapus, he is certainly a
poor hibernator. But was it Zapus.'
Could any other mouse make such a
track.' No other one has such a tail
surely. Now if I can succeed in nap-
ping the mouse I will have a clincher
and surprise everybody, and prove the
doctor right who was sure he saw evi-
dence of them in winter."

A few days later I wrote this note:
"I have put a clincher on my own ig-
norance and that of others. The deer
mouse is capable of making very res-
pectable Zdpiis tracks. I caught my
Zapiis and it proved a Hispcrinnyn.

Our commonest mole is the hairy-
tailed or Brewer's mole, Talpoidis

The star-nosed mole {Condylura
cristata) is almost as plentiful, but
seems to prefer rich, loose, mucky
soils. We sometimes find specimens
which the cats have caught and
dropped, or plow them out.

The common mole {Scalops aqiiati-
tits Cuv. ! I have not yet found any
trace of.

The short-tailed shrew {B/ariita
Incz-icaiidn) is common and wide
spread over the state and may be tak-
en by digging pits with a post hole dig-
ger along fences or any where amid
abundant and neglected vegtation.
Where there is rubbish hay or straw
stacks rotting away is also a good
place to catch them.

The least shrew {Blarina brcvi-
caiida parva appears to be rare but
careful search may reveal its general
distribution all over its range in Ohio.
So far this little mammal has been
taken as far as records show, in only
three localities in Ohio. Dr. Lang-
dan in \'ol. I\' Zoology and Botany of
the Geological Survey of Ohio records
a specimen taken at Madisonville,
Hamilton county, saying, "It is pro-
bably found in southern and even cen-
tral Ohio, " basing his conclusion on
its extent in Indiana and Pennsylvania.
My friend George J. Streator of Gar-
retsville. Portage Co., O. took a speci-
men in 1895 ^t that place which is
now in the historical museum. And
in August of the same year the writer
captured his first Parva (now No.
30216 of the Department of Mammals
of the U. S. National Museum) in
Ellsworth, Mahoning county. Since
that time I have collected several
more. The interesting point is that
these last two localities carry it so far
beyond the central portion of the
state. Now how far does it extend
northward.'

And last that dainty little creature
the marked shrew {Sonx pcrsonatiis)
which was not noted in the Ohio
Fauna till the writer took it in Ells-
worth. Mahoning county in July of
1893, and has not yet, so far as he is

[58

THE MUSEUM.

aware been captured elsewhere.

Each season I take a few of these
desirable specimens.

Dr. James Hall, State Geologist.

James Hall, LL. D., died at Beth-
lehem, N. H., on August 8th, aged
about 87. He had been geologist of
New York State since 1836. A ser-
vice of 62 years in one public office is
remarkable. In Dr. Hall's case it was
a useful service.

When the geological survey of the
State of New York was organized in
1836, Prof. Hall, who was then a
teacher in the Rensselaer School, now
the Polytechnic Institute, in Troy, was
appointed assistant geologist in the
second geological district, and in 1S37,
State geologist in the fourth geological
district, which really made him the
State geologist, a position which he
has held ever since. From 1S3S to
1 84 1 he published annual reports, and
in 1843 a final report showing the or-
der of the strata and their organic re-
mains. In 1S43 Prof. Hall was also
given charge of the paleontological
department of the survey, in which he
was engaged at the time of his death.
It was Dr. Hall who set the first stone
markers at Niagara Falls, whereby the
recession of the cataract has been ac-
curately measured since 1842.

In spite of small and irregular ap-
propriations by the State, Prof. Hall
has published seven quarto volumes of
"The Paleontology of the State of
New York," which are amply illustrat-
ed. Being discouraged by the lack of
appropriations, Prof. Hall, in 1855,
accepted the paleontological part of
the Canadian survey under Sir William
E. Logan, and was about to move to
Montreal, when Prof. Louis Agassiz
and many other scientific men begged
of him to remain in this country. It
was promised that the State of New
York would be more liberal with ap-
propriations; but it was not, and Prof.
Hall looked on his decision to remain
here as the mistake of his life, a large

and more inviting field being the Can-
adian one. Although still remaining
in this country, Prof. Hall, in 1865,
published a description of the grapto-
lites of the Quebec group. In 1865
he was appointed State geologist of
Iowa and in i860 the chief commis-
sioner to make a geological, mineral-
ogical and agricultural survey of Wis-
consin. On the reorganization of the
New York State Museum in 1866 Prof.
Hall was appointed its director, which
title he continued to hold, together
with that of State geologist and pal-
eontologist.

Prof. Hall had, probably, as many
titles as have been conferred on any
American citizen. There were about
30 in all, including LL. D. from Ham-
ilton College, Harvard College and
McGill University. He was a mem-
ber of many scientific societies both in
this country and abroad, and he re-
ceived several decorations from Italy,
France and other countries.

The Cicindella Beetles.

The tiger beetles, or Cicindcllidce
comes under the head of beneficial
insects, as they and their larva; feed
exclusively on insect prey.

The larvffi looks rather ferocious
and are armed with large jaws, and a
hooked hump on the ninth segment,
which aid them to climb to the mouth
of their "holes in sand banks, where
they wait for their prey.

The beetles are very active and
handsome creatures, with large heads,
long curved and formidable looking
jaws, and long slender legs, with which
they run about the sand hills with con-
siderable agility. When collecting
them, I noticed a peculiar trait they
have. When the sun was hidden I
secure them with ease, but when the
sun was shining they seemed to become
more alert and active and I could not
come near them. They would allow
me to approach until my shadow fell
full upon them, and then becoming
alarmed they flew away. When flying
they make a loud buzzing noise similar

J

Tin-: Mi'SEi'M.

'59

to that made by a large fly or a bee.

We have four species of tiger beetles
in this part of Ontario, Ciiiitdi/la vul-
garis being the most common. This
species has been met with as far west
\ as the Kocky Mountains. It is a large
beetle with light-brown colored wing-
covers, with angular lines of a yellow
or a dingy-white running in from the
edges. Its under sides — like all the
rest of the genera of Ontario — is of a
metallic green color.

Cicindclla pttipiirca is a bright green
species, although there is also a variety
which is slightly purple. This is a
very handsome beetle. It has mark-
ings similar to those of the preceeding
species; sometimes only with cream
colored spots on the margins of the
elytra. I have met with beetles of
this species in the woods, usually on
top of a large boulder in an opening
where the sun could shine on them.
On one occasion, I captured one on a
boulder, which was devouring a small
dipterous insect. I felt the stone with
my fingers and it was almost like put-
ting your hands on top of a hot stove,
from the heat of the sun. It is also
met with on dry dusty roads.

Cicindclla Iiisticollis, or as it is
called, the hairy-necked tiger beetle,
is slightly smaller but almost identical
in color and markings with C. vul-
garis. This species is not quite so
common as the two preceeding.

Cicindclla scx-gnttata is also a very
handsome insect. It is of a bright
green color with si.\ golden spots.
This species is rare compared with the
others.

Another specie?, Cicindella gciierosa
occurs withm the boundaries of this
province; but I have never met with
any in this locality, nor have I seen
any in the collections of any of my
friend.s.

\V. J. \Vl.\TEM13ERG,

Washington, Ontario, Can.

DAVIE'S -'Nests ami Eggs." Seu our ail-
veniseiiieut in ;uiolber L-oiuain We have a
new supply .-lod o.in lill oiileis dii a moments
notice. \\ F. WEBB, Mgr . AU.ion, N. Y.

Variations of Nesting Sites.

Quite a while ago I noticed in the
MusEiM an article on the Chimney
Swift nesting in trees and the e.xtreme
rarity of their actually using chimneys
as a nesting site. The note was I be-
lieve from New York. A short time
ago I also noticed in Popular Science
News an article from Connecticut on
the ground as being an unusual nest-
ing site for the Mourning Dove. I
presume that the environments in N.
Y. and Connecticut are quite different
from Indiana, for here both occur-
rences are quite common. In fact, I
have never found C. Pclagica nesting
in trees in this vicinity while within a
radius of five miles I know of a score
or more chimneys which furnish shelter
for their nests. Generally these are
the chimneys of dilapidated, unused
buildings but the chimney of one of
the city churches became such a fav-
orite site that it was quite a nuisance.
The country around here is well wood-
ed with natural forests and why they
should not nest in trees here as well
as anywhere else, I cannot say.

As to Zcnaidura L. in aero ura, they
nest evcrywiiere. They are extremely
abundant in this locality and I have
found them on their nests every month
but November, December, January
and February. I have taken their
nests in forest trees, — quite high up
from the ground — in spple orchards—
which appear to be their favorite loc-
ality— in hedges, on fences and quite
often on the ground. Of their ground
nests perhaps the majority are placed
in stubble fields. I have, however,
found their two eggs on the bare
ground of a corn field and also in the
rank grass.

Strangely opposite to this is the fact
that, although the ground is often giv-
en as a favorite, and, indeed, the gen-
eral nesting site of the Brown Thrash-
er, they do not appear to make use of
it here. I have taken several nests
from brush heaps but have never seen
it placed directly on the ground. Its
lavorite resort seems to be some low,

i6o

THE MUSEUM.

thorn hedge. Another much used
place is the common rail fence where-
ever this is overrun with vines.

Such variation of nesting sites seem
to be more like "a prevailing style"
than to be caused by any marked phy-
sical differences.

Greencastle, Ohio, June '98.

Shell Collectors.

We trust that Conchologists will not
overlook the fact that //«c shells are now
our specialty. We are constantly ac-
quiring new and desirable things and
have several thousand good species in
stock. Nearly every family of shells is
represented bj' numerous examples.
If you specialize any particular group
send for written list of what we have
that will interest you. Our stock of
Minerals, Corals, Eggs, Skins, Land
and Marine Curios is for sale at a sacri-

Ostrich Eggs.

We have for sale the largest lot of these
mammoth eggs ever imported into the United
States. They came from Port Elizabeth, South
Africa, and'if thev were piled into ordinary
wagon boxes, such as the farmers use in
drawing otT grain, they would fill ten of
them. We have only had them a month, and
about one-fourth of this lot have been sold to
collectors throughout the country. A\'e offer
them elsewhere in this number. Special low
prices will be given on dozen lots. Over a
score of collectors liave taken a dozen, and
they are still going. Most any collector in a
larse city or town can sell a dozen to his
friends. They will sell at sight for a reason-
able figure, about three times what we ask at
wholesale. Write at once

Waltek F. Webb. Mgr.,
Albion, N. Y.

Pearl Shells and

Novelties.

Such as Shell Parses. Shell Bo.xes. Vme-
grettes, Pearl Penholders, Pearl Inkstands
made from Abilene Shell, Pearl Napkin Piings,
Pearl Match Safes, Pearl Shell Spoons (32
different styles), Pearl Lace Pins, Glove and
Button hooks. Pearl Shirt Waist Sets, Pearl
Ships, Vases, Pin Trays and other novelties.
In Shell Bozes such tts Har.ci kerchief Boxes,
Work Boxes, many styles Pin Cushions, Fan-
cy Boxes. Lounge.'nressers, Dog Kennel, Hand
Bags, Anchors, Looking Glasses, Hand Mir-
rors, Side Boards, Placques, and dozens other
styles. Everyone who has seen these Shell
and Pearl Novelties know they are pretty.
All are imi orted, and notwithstanding heavy
duty can be sold reasonable. We do not soli-
cit retail trade.

Those meaning business please apply for
wholesale prices on what you expect to buy,
stating what amount you would probably or-
der at a time, as $10, $15, $35, $50, $100, etc.
Address, W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

Florida Land and Fresh Water

Shells. Also Centipedes, Scorpions, Crabs,

fice. Any collector wishing to start as etc. in alcohol at a bargain. Address with
a dealer can here find a desirable bar-
gain at prices much below v^hat thej'
could be secured for elsewhere. Write

us.

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr.,

Albion, N. Y.

stamp.

O. BR V ANT,

Loigwood, Florida

JAMES P. BABBITT,

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird
Skins, Eggs and Publications,

TAUNTON, MASS.

Our large montlilv buUetiu of Sliins, Eggs, etc. free
upou application.

THE MUSEUM.

OSTRICH ECUS.

Still they go!

Nearly loo a week for some time past. We are distributing them

all over this broad land.

A Sl.OO B1L>L>

Brings you one by mail to any part of the U. S., and a year's sub-
scription to THE MUSEUM.

A S5.00 BII>L^

will bring you one Dozen by Express or Freight at your expense.
Think of it! Only 40 cents each when ordered by the Dozen

or more.
Write at once, if you want any for Summer trade.

W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,

ALBION, N. Y.

©e yoUr oWn

Many times you have secured speolmens that you
derlnVl Uixavf In ;i lifelike «Uite. You are no Taxi-
dermist and ivtsslhlv there Is noueai hand.

Our niethcxl IH KASY and KAI'lI) and with a Utile
practice, excelletu work can Im- done. And al>ove all
ANYONKCAN LKAKMIT. Many Men, Women and
Children use our method and others cotiiinence every
day. .\'o OoloK'lst shimid he without It. Satisfaction
Is (fuaranteixl. Think of lYeservlng a'ld Mounting a
Pllftvin or liiiall In V<) minutes— It can l>e done.

Taxidermy Made Easy.

(ilvlnn full directions for dolnc the work .and one
pound of K * 1'. preservative; enouith U) preserve
from »i to 41 small birds, sent on receipt of «S cents.
Send at once..- Several can learn In a very short time.
No pMds ri-tuilri-d to entail extra expence. Corres-
pondence solicited.

KKUR Ji PKUIIA.M.

BLtNCOE:. lOVl/A. SANDWICH. ILL.

This is my
Proposition.

Let me wnd. for your InRiH-otlon. charRes postpaid.
Isn of the FamouH Quartz CryHtalH found at
Ltbls place 1( this rohiTtlon of nrllllani (Jems pleases
Ijrou kindly send 71) r.iit-> onlv. otherwl.se return the
IcoUecilonand 11 will iN'fV 1\ llljhi'st Award at thi'
IWorld's Kalr Order t'slay. -to

A. n. CRIM,
Miclcllfvlllc, HerUliiierCo.. !S. V.

pine Qro^heaU,

Beautiful Sets with Nests.

Thcj' are Koing like hot cakes. If yi>u want a
set now is your time.

Roferences, J. Parker Norris, Jr., Phila.

Win. Brewster, (.'atnbridgo, Mass.

These men ought to know what a reliable
.set of such rare eggs means.

Send your order now.

Prof. Carl Braun, Naturalist,

Bangor, Me., U. S. A.

I

WE BUY STAMPS (^

i)

OLD STAMP COLLECTIONS ^

Send us what you have with lowest cash
price or we will make you an offer if you
wish. Wo pay express or postage one way.

DR. J. W. FOWLER,

DUBUtiUK, lA.

Wki'ii answering advertisements al-
ways mention THE MUSEUM.

THE MUSEUM.

Kerr & Perham,

BLENCOE, IOWA. SANDWICH, ILLS.

TAXIDERMISTS, DEALERS AND COLLECTORS,

Taxiderm)3t's, Oologist's, Entomologist's and Botanist's Supplies,
Publications, Bird Skins, Eggs, Shells, Curios, Novelties, etc.

Send IOC for our New Price L'st and Handbook. Correspondence Solicited.

THE AMERICAN

ARCH^OLOQIST.

FORHiERur The Antiquarian.

A MontMy Antliropolo^cal Magazine Designed for

Students, Scientists, Collectors and Dealers

In Hatoral History Speclmeas.

HOW IN ITS SECOlfD VOLUME.

Published on the ISth of each month by The Landon

Printlnf and Publishing Co., 20 East

Broad Street, Colcmhus, Ohio.

It is ably conducted, well established, and nnmbera
among its writers and contributors the first scientists
and scholars of ocr country. Every Issue contains
well illustrated papers on topics relating to Primitive
Man here and elsewhere, including the relics and re-
mains of Pueblo and Cliff Dwellincr Indians ; the
Moncds ar.d Mound Builders of the wnlted States:
prehistoric reins and Art works of Mexico, Centra}
and South America ; discussions of preglaclal man S)
Asicrici ; early man in Europe and Asia ; the statnt
and natural history of recent savage races, &c., &c.

It publishes Interesting items from correspondent!
in every part of the country, and devotes much atten-
tion to the wants of Collectors and Dealers. All
recent publications of scientific value are reviewed
monthly ; it gives an account of all recent archseo-
loglcal discoveries and nows ; and illustrates the rare
and uniqce specimens of private and public collections.

There is no other monthly journal of this cbaractei
ptibUshed in the world for the edification of the gen-
eral pnbiic, as well as for the student. It alms to dis-
seminate knowledge which cannot bs gained from
other sources, and publishes technical papers and gov-
ernment reports, which are not available to the gen-
eral reader, and Is Indlspenslble to all persons inter-
ested in the study or the collection of the relics ol
prl— itlve man.

The price Is wlthlq the reach of all, and affords the
rrlvilcfres of the rreat libraries, combined with
Archsologlcal treatues , as they appear irom time to
time. Having a wide and increasing circulation, it
constitutes one of the best mediums In our country for
advertising the business of Curia Dealers, Tailder-
mists and Naturalists.

Subscription price, |l.50 per year.

A copy will be sent free to any one sending us four
subscribers and six dollars.

Fine Florida Shells.

We have every facility for furnishing coUector.s or
dealers witli Florida Shells, or Souvenirs. We have
had long experience In collecting, and the Editor of
the Museum, has, unsolicited by us, offered to answer
any iuqtilries as to our re.sponstblllty or fair dealing
If you wish to see quality of specimens before placing
larger orders, send $1 tor a box of ;satiiples. All
cleaned and correctly named. Price list lor stamp
and all inquiries promptly answered. Give us a trial.

J. H. HOLMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

The Ornithologists' and Oologists' Mannal.

STANDARD LIST FOR COLLECTORS.

Reduced, to 15c, 2 for 35c,

Some of Us Conlentii:

A complete list of all North American
Birds, giving prices of their eggs and skin?.
The arrangeujent is according to the A. O. U.
list, and after each name is Ridgeway's num-
ber. Both Common' and Scientific Names
are given, in different size type.

A list of Mammal and Reptile skins, with
prices. A table giving the approximate num-
ber of eggs considered a full set of every
family of birds in the U. S.

Complete and exhaustive directions for
making Scientific Bird and Mammal Skins,
and preparing specimens for the cabinet. In-
structions for collecting, preparing and pre-
serving birds eggs and nests, tools needed,
various recipes recommended and valuable
information about making cabinets for speci-
mens.

Complete list of Taxidermists' Instruments,
Supplies and Requisites, also Oologists' In-
struments and Supplies, etc., etc.

Size 4Jx6i, just right to carry in the pocket.

Order now, as our stock is very limited and
it will not be reprinted.

MUSEUM PUB CO , ALBION, N. Y.

BAROAINS.

100 flrst-class specimens to any address, $1.00.

Beautiful Sllells, Corals, and Curiosities from all
parts of the world.

100 nice Shells, ssc. 12 Beautiful mixed Olive Shells.
Mc. 100 large specimens, jS.OO, worth three times the
price or money refunded. 33 mixed Coins, S1.(XI. .So
flrst-class Tropical Botanical Specimens. $1.00. 13
perfect Arrow Points. .^Oc. 20 choice specimens. 27c.
100 perfect Porcupine Quills. 25c.

50,000 Specimens in Stock.

Everything perfect. Satisfaction guaranteed or
money refunded. Send stamp for drawings and bar-
gain list. All orders promptly flUed.

JOHN B. WHEELER,

East Templeton. Mass.

VOL. IV.

NO. II.

SEPTEMBER, 1898.

^m^^^cm

U^EUTH

r^io:

A Journal Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

KA TES: — jio its. per year to all countries, in advance. Single numbers, 5 cts.

Published on the isth of each month by Museum Publishing Co.. Albion, N. Y.

THE MUSEUM.

Kerr & Perham,

BLENCOE, IOWA. SANDWICH, ILLS.

TAXIDERMISTS, DEALERS AND COLLECTORS,

* Taxidermist's, Oologist's, Entomologist's and Botanist's Supplies,
Publications, Bird Skins, Eggs, Shells, Curios, Novelties, etc.

Send IOC for our New Price L'st and Handbook. Correspondence Solicited.

THE AMERICAN

ARCH/EOLOGIST.

Formerly The Antiquarian.

A. MontMy Anthropolosical Magazine Designed for

StDdents, Scientists, Collectors and Dealers

In Hatoral History Specimens.

IfOW IN ITS SECOHD VOLUME.

Pnbllslied on the ISth of each month by The Landon

Prlntinf and PnbUshing Co., 20 East

Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio.

It is atly conducted, well established, and numbers
luong its writers and contributors the first scientists
aad scholars of osr country. Every issue contains
well illustrated papers on topics relatlugr to Primitive
r.If.n hero and elsewhere, including the relics and re-
i" a-zs of Pueblo and Clilf DweUiug Indians ; the
Mounds aid Mound Builders of the United States;
prehistory ruins and Art works of Mexico, Central
and Son :ii America; discussions of preglaclal man in
America; early man in Europe and Asia; the status
ard natrral history of recent savage races, &c., &c.

It publishes Interesting Items from correspondents
In every part of the country, and devotes much atten-
tion to the wants of Collectors and Dealers. AD
recent publications of sclentillc value are reviewed
monthly ; it gives an account of all recent archao-
logical discoveries and news ; and illustrates the rar«
and unique specimens of private and public collections.

There is no other monthly journal of this charactei
published In the world for the edification of the gen-
eral public, as well as for the student. It alms to dls-
sccii'-te knowledge which cannot be gained from
ott.r coerces, and publishes technical papers and gov-
ernncnt reports, which are not available to the gen-
eral reader, and Is indlspensible to all persons inter-
ested in the study or the coUectiOD of the relics cl
primitive man.

The price is withiii the reach of all, and affords the
privilcfres of the great libraries, combined vrith
Archffiologlcal treatlsej, as they appear from time to
time. Having a wide and increasing circulation, it
constitutes one of the best mediums in our country for
advertising the business of Curio Dealers, Taxider-
mists and Naturalists.

Subscription price, SI. 50 per year.

A copy wlU be sent free to any one sending ns four
subscribers and sts dollars.

Fine Florida Shells.

We have every feililj' for tnrtii~hing collectors or
dealers with F'lnridn, siiell<. or H' uvenlrs. We have
had loug experienre in coUeutintr. and the Editor of
the Museum, has. unsolirlied liy u-^. offered to answer
any Inquiries as to our responsibility or fair dealing.
If you wish to see quality of specimens before placing
larger orders, send SI for a box of ^amples. All
cleaned and corieutly namec). Price list for stamp
and all inquiries promptly answered. Give us a trial.

J. H. HOi.MES, DUiXEOIlV, FLA.

pine G^o^bcak.

Beautiful Se^tp with Ne^sts.

Thev !ire goii g like hot cakes. If you want a
set uow is your time.

Referencfs, .J. Paiker Nnnis, .Jr., Phila.

Wni Br. w.-ter, Cambridge, Masf.

These men ought to know what a reliable
set of such rare eggs means.

Send your order now.

Prof. Carl Braun, Naturalist,

Bangor, Me., U. S. A.

■©e yoUr oWn

Many times you have secured si>erimens that yon
desired to save in a lifelUie state. Yoti are no Taxi-
dermist and possibly there Is uoue at hand.

Our method is EASY and RAPID and with a little
practioe, excellent work can be done. And above all
ANYONE CAN LEARN IT. Many Men, Women and
Children tise our method and other.s commence every
day. No Oologist should be without it. Satisfaction
is guiiranteed. Think of Preserv ing and Mounting a
Pigeon or Quail in •.;0 minutes— it can be done.

Taxide'my Made Easy.

Giving full directions for doing the work and one
pound of K. & P. preservative; enough to preserve
from 30 to 40 small birds, sent on receipt of (15 cenls.
Send at once. Several can learn in a very short time.
No tools required to entail e.stra expenee. Corres-
pondence solicited.

KERR & PEUHAIM,

BLENCOE, IOWA. SANDWICH, ILL.

This is my
Proposition.

Let me send, for your Inspection, charges postpaid.
3S of the Famous Quartz Crystals found at
this place. If this collection of Urilliant Gems pleases
you, kindly send 70 cents only, otherwise return the
collection and it will be O. K Highest Award at the
World's Fair. Order today. 2to

A. B. CRIIU,
IHldaieville, Merfcluier Co., ?(. Y.

THE MUSEUM.

WANTS, EXCHANGES AND FOR SALES.

All notk-es that come iiuder above will be inserted in this ilepartment until fuither notice
Ht one (I) cent a wonl. No notice less than 2r)c. Terms Cash with cfder. No charge for
(uUlrcss. I shall at all times endeavor to keep parties, whose reputation is of a doubtful char-
actor from using these columns.

FOU KXCUANGE:-Fcw Sioux Indian
Kelics, cood prairie land, lot personal prop-
erty. Prefer i)rintiD!; press 8x13, medical
books, physicians instruments, but make off-
ers. LAL'REX JONES, (iordon. Neb.

COINS AND STAMPS:-10 foreigu coins,
all different, good condition, for 2.5c; 100 for-
eign stamps, all different, l.'ic. JOHN R.
PHILLIPS, 344 K. Court St., Jacksonville,Ill.

ELK TEETH, worn as a watch charm, are
cpiite the fad. \Vc have some with hole
ilrdled for ring at .50 cents, prepaid. \V. V.
WEBB, Mgr, Albion. N. Y.

T.AXIUEKMY:— High grade, scientific work
in all branches. Send for our latest bulletin
of Mounted Birds and Skins. GEO. F.
(iL'ELF. Practical Taxidermist, Brockport,
N. Y.

TO EXCHANGE:— A duplicate collection
of Coleoptera, 80 identified species, 2300 spec-
imens, in papers. List of species on applica-
tion. A good opportunity for some one to
obtain a nice lot of duplicates. Will ex-
change for best offer in good bird skins, or
alcoholic specimens. Should like to hear
from parties who can use Marine Inverte-
brates in exchange for bird skins. Can also
furnish some eastern skins. F. P. DKOWNE,
20 Benefit St., Providence, R. I.

THE OSPREY one year to new subscribers
not on Osprey's books and one package of
K. & P. preservative together with full in-
structions. Taxidermy made ea.sy for -^I.IS.
This offer good untilJanuary 1st. KERR &
PERHAM, Sandwich, Ills.

NOTICE: —I would be pleased to i orres-
pond with anyone who can collect a large
number of good curios for me within tb>- next
8 or !i months in exchange for .»inie from this
locality. W. H. HILLER. 1-17 W. 23d St.,
Los Angeles. Calif. GtSept

HEAUtiUARTERS FOR BOOKS:— We are
still headquarters for desirable Natural His-
tory Books, b.ack numbers of Magazines, etc.
^Ve will pay cash or exchange for Volumes of
the Auk for 18!i0, 1891 and 1892. Ifyouhjive
any back ntimhers of the Auk, write us with
list. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion. N. Y.

DAVIES NESTS AND EGGS, fifth edi-
tion, extra cloth, and a yearly subscription
(new or renewal) to Ospny, fUcrcalioJi or any
dollar magazine published, only .}2.,'50. Pre-
paid. BENJAMIN nOA(;,Stephentown,NY

INDIAN RELICS FOR SALE:-.Several
small collections, pottery, ceremonials, ar-
rows by the 100. Correspondence solicited.
Will buy authentic specimens in Uint, slate
and stone. DR. W. O. F:M0RY, Crawfords-
ville, Ind Stsep

^ WANTED: - Fossil Fish, Trilobites and
Criuoids. Wiite nie what you have with
prices. G. T. McCOMBE, 307 High Street,
Lockport, N. Y.

WANTED. — Warbler Skins in large quan-
lity. Send full list of what you have or what
A ou can get. I offer copies of my own Publi-
I- ilions. including new editions of Bird.s of
Eastern North America. Also want a few
collectors to shoot Warblers and preserve en-
tire information. Write me at once and men-
tion MusKUM. C. J. MAYNARD, 447 Crafts
St., West Newton, Mass.

FOR SALE: — Fine sets of Birds F^ggs with
nests and full data. Fine nests of Hawks and
Crows, Indian War Clubs, Indian Bows, Con-
federate Saber (from Bull Run battle), High
Poster Bedstead over 100 years old, brass or-
naments on posts (very fine), Fine Cabinet
specimens of Asbestos (specular) Magnetic
Iron Ore and Crystallized Breccia, Warming
Pans, F'ine Colonial Tray, 24i by 18 inches
(tropical scenery). Other relics. Prices on
application. CHAS. H. WILLIAMS. Box
100, Winchester Centre, Conn.

DAVIE'S "Nests and Eggs," and $2.25
worth fine sets or singles, your selections only
$2.2.5, prepaid. A card will bring you full
particulars. Let me know your wants in
hooks and periodicals. Munsey's, McClure's
and Co.s7)wpolil'i/t all full year, $2.45. BENJ-
AMIN HOAG, Stephentown, N. Y.

IF YOU WISH to advertise in magazines
devoted to Natural Science or wish to run
any Exchange Ads. write me first, it will pay
you. W'. H. HILLER, 147 W. 23d St., Los
Angeles, Calif.

EXCHANGE ADS. FREE— Any reader of
the MusuEM who will send 25 cents and an
addressed and .stamped envelope, to Poprdcrr
Science, 108 F\i!ton St., New York, for a three
months trial subscription, will be presented
with a Fifty Cent want advertising coupon.
Sample copies free. See additional particu-
lars on adv. in this issue.

CALIF. CONDAR SKIN. We have a nice
skin for sale. Collectors wanting such apnly
for price. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion. N.Y.

I 62

THE MUSEUM.

i

Swallow-tailed Kite.

BY KET ATKINSON.

This beautiful species, noted for its
graceful and elegant flight is fast be-
coming rare. Twenty years ago they
were more abundant than all the Kites
and Hawks combined in this locality
but in the last ten years have disap-
peared with remarkable rapidity.

There have been more eggs of this
bird collected in this locality perhaps
than in any other but few more may
be expected. This season I had many
people collecting for me besides I trav-
elled over 200 miles in search of Kite
eggs and only secured one. It was a
set of three which is very unusual.
It was collected June i6th this being
20 days later than the latest ever col-
lected in this country and strange to
say incubation was only slight. The
set went to Mr. A. W. Johnson of
England.

The nest of this species is always
built in the top of tall trees in the bot-
tom lands. It is composed of Spanish
moss and sticks lined with green moss.
I have collected many sets and three
eggs is the largest number I have tak-
en from one nest.

In color they are dull white to white
speckled and blotched with redish to
daak mahogany brown. There is but
one other bird in this locality that lays
an egg that is very much like the
Swallow-tailed Kite egg and that is
the Florida Red-shouldered Hawk.
Their eggs are marked very much like
Kite eggs but nearly always larger al-
though I saw one Hawk egg that the
oldest oologist that ever saw the moon
could not tell from the Swallow-tailed
Kite Egg. It was the right size and
color, I mean it could not be deter-
mined till it wys blown. Right here I
will give the young oologist and per-
haps some of the older ones a pointer.
When blown, by examining the inside
of a Florida Red-shouldered Hawk
egg the egg the color will always be
seen to be bluish green while the Swal-
low-tail Kite egg is creamy white and

besides show the markings through the
shell.

The food of this Kite consists of
small snakes, grasshoppers, lizards,
crickets, young birds taken from other
nests, birds eggs and young wasps.
They will dart by a wasp nest and
snatch it, eating the young wasps from
it while on the wing. In fact they eat
nearly all their food while on the
wing, and have been truly called "The
Queen of the Air".

I hope to hear bird notes from other
collectors in the field.

WANTED:— The following back numbers
of the Museum: October, 1896; November,
1896 and February, 1895. For any of above
numbers we will give any two other numbers
or pay 10 cents each cash. W. F. WEBB,
Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

SCHOOL COLLECTIONS!-We recently
sold a line of our Ji.'j 00 School Collections to
the Newark Valley, N. Y., High School. An
'.;nsolicited letter from the principal says:
"I desire to say that we are well pleased with
the cabinet we purchased from you. It was
accepted and highly praised by the Univer-
sity of New York by its representative sent
to inspect our school. Whenever you desire
to refer to me please do so." J. S. KINGS-
LEY, Ph. B . Principal High School, Newark
Valley, N. Y.

MUSEUMS:— A complete file of Volumes
one, two and three, 36 numbers in all, will be
sent prepaid to any part of the U. S.. Canada
or Mexico for $'3. Order now while we have
complete files to oiler. We will also exchange
for good books on Ornithology. W. F. WEBB
Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

BAROAINS.

100 flrst-class specimens to any address, $1.00.

Beautiful Shells, Corals, and Curiosities from all
parts of the world.

100 nice Shells, 25c. 13 Beautiful mixed Olive Shells,
,=iOc. 100 large specimens. S5.00, worth three times the
price or money refunded. 33 mixed Coins, $1.00. 30
flrst-class Tropical Botanical Specimens, $1.00. 13
perfect Arrow Points. 50c. 20 choice specimens, 27c.
100 perfect Porcupine Quills, 2'e.

50,000 Specimens in Stock.

Everything perfect. Satisfaction guaranteed or
money refunded. Send stamp for drawings and bar-
gain list. All orders promptly flUed.

JOHN B. WHEELER,

East Templeton, Mass.

I

THE MUSEUM

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

Vol. IV

ALBION, N. Y., SEPTEMBER 15, 1S9S.

No. 1 1

The Feathered Friends of My
Door-yard and Garden.

K. \V, VlCKIiKS.

When the last of the latter autumn
days — the solemn, rather than "the
melancholy days," to me — are f^one,
and winter with all its snows and ices
has settled down, we delight to dwell
upon the domestic economies of our
familiar feathered neighbors, who
spent the summer with us, entertain-
ing us during many spare moments of
observation.

If your door-yard and garden are
well supplied with trees and shrubbery,
or if a woods is only a few rods from
your dwelling, the results ofyour stud-
ies cannot but be abundant and inter-
esting. Birds love foliage, and many
are the natural guardian-spirits of
trees. With the writer, the lack of
door-yard and garden trees has been
the chief cause of the poverty of his
observations, while the woodlands on
east and west have been driven almost
a half a mile away. The orchard is
also too far away to have any influence
on the inhabitants of the door-yard
and garden. Yet, notwithstanding
these drawbacks, forty-four species of
birds have been recorded as residents
and visitors of this little spot during
the past year. Of this number how-
ever, only a few nested about the
house. The few notes which I have
to offer are intended rather to induce
others with more time and more favor-
able surroundings to become interested
in the facinating field of personal ob-
servation.

One of the first birds to return to us
with the glad tidings of returning
spring is the Robin.

A pair has nested with us for two
years, the history of whose household

experiences is somewhat chequered.
.\ year ago they built and plastered
their little cottage in the garden pear
tree. Eggs were laid, and life moved
along smoothly and pleasantly, till one
morning a mischievous rascal, an egg-
sucker, in the fine, painted person of a
sassy Jay, broke the eggs, what he did
not eat, and had a fight with the Dem-
ocratic pair. I did not see all the
battle, but found a punctured egg in
the tanzy below and on climbing the
tree found the nest empty. How
many r.csts these sharp-eyed, hand-
some rascals — these house-wreckers
in fea'"..jrs must have laid to their
charge! I thought this Robin's nest
in its isc' ited tree safe from their
search and robberies.

Yet for all this hardship and un-
poetic e.xperience of the day before,
next morning I heard Mr. Robin blight-
ly singing his "Cheer-up I cheer- upl
cheer-upl" Yssterday was wiped clear
out and with yesterday its experiences.
How many people ought to go and
learn of the Robins, that sufficient un-
to the present is the sweetness thereof.
Let the sunshine of the present hide
the shadows of the past.

The pair immediately went to work
and built a nest in the old apple tree
in the meadow across the road, raising
a brood without mishap. Then they
built a nest in the apple tree in the
door yard, where they raised the sees
ond and last family for 1896. Thi-
year they came back to the same door-
yard tree, building on the same limb,
only a few feet from last year's nest.
Everything went well, eggs were laid
and hatched early in ^Iay, the four
young growing at a surprising rate, as
little birds will if you give them time
and worms, — when one morning an
evil and black spirit in the shape of a

164

THE MUSEUM.

cannibal Crow, visited the tree, and
before assistance could be rendered he
gobbled a little bird. Upon discovery
he flew up into the locust tree, whence
he fell to my father's gun. He now
sits with becoming solemnity and se-
dateness on a shelf of my museum, a
monument to himself and his uncon
scions wickedness. There could be no
question of his guilt, as I found the
young Robin, head, legs and all intact
in his stomach — swallowed whole, like
an oyster or other dainty.

Here was circumstantial evidence
that the shrewdest Yankee lawyer
could scarcely get around. The three
remaining birds lived to attain the full
proportion of feathered Robin-hood,
and another brood was reared in the
same tree with an uneventful history.
So it will be seen that there are ups
and downs and ins and outs and mov-
ings and tragedies even, in the affairs
of birds as well as in those of men.

Late in April when the willows
along water courses turn to green lat-
tices and the rough arms of old or-
chards are pranked with the dainty
freshness of green buds, that animated
sheaf of gold held together by a silver
band of song — the Yellow Warbler,
comes to us again. I remember, that
in early oological days we boys used
to call him the "Salad Bird," not an
unfitting name either as his golden-
green coat most vividly oalls to mind
its like in the bed of crisp yellow-green
leaves growing in your lettuce bed in
the garden. This dainty little pair of
winged-nuggets love to nest in our lilac
bushes. Anu it is a picture long to
be remembered, to see the sunny pair
amid the green branches, weaving
their "procreant cradle" of the bright
silver fibre of several species of milk
weed {asclefias). He is all activity,
all enthusiasm, all song, as he catches
insects.

A pair of Chipping Sparrows — the
"Hair-birds," of the farmer boys, built
their nest in the ampelopsis vine that
overhung one of my second story win-
dows. Here when I could look out on

the five blue-green, black-speckled
eggs which bloomed out presently in-
to five growing young, the pair lived
a happy and unmolested honeymoon
or more. Not so was it with the
couple which built their nest in a gar-
den plum tree. This bird is a notor-
iously poor nest builder, never fasten-
ing it to the branch, the nest looking
more as if some one had taken it from
some other tree and stuck it up where
you find it. Well, a storm came and
the plum tree nest and its fragile con-
tents were dashed to the ground. And
other nests of this species in the gar-
den have fared no better.

A Phcebe or Pewee built its nest up
on the flat top of a bracket of the
cornice under the eave above my win-
dow. In early mornings I could see
the shadows of the birds ascending
and descending on the curtain of my
window, as they tended the hearty
eating family. Their favorite perch-
place was the wire clothes line. There
the male would sit and reiterate his
rather monotonous "Pee-a-wee! Pee-'
a-wee!"

I had tried to induce Wrens to nest
on the premises but without success.
For several years I had two tempting
boxes nailed up on the brick wall just
outside my bed room window. One
May morning in '96 while working in
the garden I heard a Wren singing
with all his might "in the apple tree
just over the way. " "Now," said I
to myself, "I am going to capture that
little fellow to sing for us all summer."
So I hurried up stairs, took down one
of the boxes, brought it down and
nailed it up in the pear tree. And in
less than ten minutes Jennie Wren
took formal possession by withdrawing
after a barely inspection of the inter-
ior and returning with a twig forthwith.
Having put that much furniture in, he
sang around for a while, then left, re-
turning in a few days with Jenny whom
I suppose he had found, woed and won
mean time, on the principle that,

"Happy's the woeing. that's speedily doing. "

i

THE MUSEUM

165

Now strani:;e as it may appear his
little mate did not agree with him in
his choice of boxes. She discarded
the one in the pear tree and began
building in the one on the wall by my
window. Did she know that cats can
climb trees, but that a "cliff dwelling"
is safe even from felines? Well, to
make a long story short — for if I told
of all the singings, the comings and
goings of the worms and "bugs," the
story would be long indeed. They
raised a fine family of si.\. But for all
the activity the little master found
plenty of time for his song-feasts — for
such they seemed to him. "Did-you-
sa\-you-ever-saw-such-a-pretty-litt le-
birdie!" — to be repeated as rapidly as
possible, in a semi-whisper, so as to
bring out all the sibilants — is what the
little egotish seemed to say. How
they spied into and under everything
in quest of insects, up and down every
palling and unner every scantling, and
between the stripping of the sheds,
even stealing "bugs" which spiders
had taken in their nets and for all I
know the spiders themselves.

And what a time they had coaxing
some of the timid little fellows to try
wings, and fly down from fhe box to
the peach or service berry tree below.
One little fellow was very much fright-
ened at the idea, and used his wings
vigorously, but clung on desperately
with his feet meantime. But at last
courage came, and he went, down
alighting awkwardly in one of the
trees. The old birds now conducted
their family to the bramble-patch in
the orchard, there to finish their edu-
cation, teaching them to fly, and
catch insects for them.'^elves.

This year I missed the little couple.
I am inclined to think that a neighbor
who put up a little more stylish Wren
house than mine entertained them the
past summer. If so I give him fair
warning that I will strive to beat him
at his own game next time.

Chimney Swift occupied a chimney
which was used all summer, appearing
to be in no wise discommoded by the

wood smoke which passed up its neck
all summer long.

The Gold Finch or Thistle Bird is a
constant visitor of my garden all sum-
mer and in winter also. He is ex-
tremely fond of beet leaves, the edges
of which are all in tatters through his
banquets. He is a lover of lettuce
seed and becoming fond of that of the
vegetable oyster — salsify. An inter-
esting thing which I noted in this bird
was his occupancy of an old Yellow
Warbler's nest. Why was this.'

Among the visiting birds which give
n;e pleasure, are the feathered cherry-
lovers. The two "pie-cherry" trees
in the garden are an irresistible attrac-
tion to the Robin, Catbird, Oriole,
Flicker and Red-headed Woodpecker.
How do these birds, none of which
save the Robins, live handy, know just
about when it is time to look for ripe
cherries.' That is something I have
not settled positively, unless their eyes
catch the ruddy gleam of cherries amid
the toliage as they fly over. For over
a week the Red-headed Woodpeckers
have been visiting our trees, the saucy
marauders! How they hammered on
the ice house and summer house roofs!
They are neither afraid nor ashamed
to tell you they are about, not they!
I like to see them enjoy a cherry — for
they do enjoy it beyond a doubt; not
as that wasteful spendthrift the Robin
does, pinching a bit of the cheek of a
cherry then dropping it to the ground.
But the Woodpecker takes a cherry in
his beak and flics away or into a tree
near, sticking it in some hole or cre-
vice in the bark, leisurely pecking at
it — sipping at it, tasting of it almost —
daintly, enjoying it as you would an
orange or a glass of lemonadv^. I have
thus seen him spend five minutes over
a single cherry. I never saw anybody
or anything get more pleasure or profit
out of a cherry than this bird does.

Prince Red-head would be the last
bird I would drive out of my cherry
orchard if I had one. I like that
saucy cry; that rattling, wooden tat-
too; that flash of bronze-green-black,

166

THE MUSEUM.

white and scarlet, in the air or bob-
ling in the fruited cherry tree. I can
enjoy them as well as cherry pies.

And how often at this season as I
go about garden work do the quaint
Catbirds, hhere only after a few cher-
ries, scold me as if I were the robber,
and they held a mortgage on the crop.

Pleasures of Entomology, and
Some Suggestions to Be-
ginners.

By Benj. O. p. Kittleman.

i. remarks for the skeptic.

In all the realm of learning there is
no subject which has more fascination
for its adherents than Entomology or
the study of insects, scientifically and
economically. Geology, Paleontology,
Botany each have their interest but
entomology has a charm peculiarly its
own, associated, as it is, with fresh
air, the fields and woodlands. Take
a trip with an enthusiast some bright
day when all Nature is smiling and
you will catch the inspiration. It is
in us all and needs but the calling
forth. We all love the beautiful and
harmonious. What better place can
we go to find them than
Under the open sky?

Nature is full of sublimity, charm
and inspiration and she is willing for
us to draw from them at our will. If
the lover of Nature will persistently
follow her through her outward man-
ifestations she will bring him at last
face to face with the Ideal. Such a
pursuit will take him beyond the world
of shadows and strife. The more we
study rocks, plants, insects, or observe
the heavenly bodies in illimitable
space the closer are we brought in
touch with the Divine. "A spiritual
interpretation is the only key which
can unlock the motives and mysteries
of cosmic forces, and reveal the rhy-
thmical order of their operations."

There is no disputing the fact, that
from remote antiquity the attention of
observant minds has been more or less

attracted to the wonders of the insect
world about them, and in the records
of those ancient times which have
been preserved to us we meet with
frequent references to them, com-
mending their industry and foresight
and condemning the ravages of others.
It is not difficult to account for this.
The splendid and gorgeous hues of
many, the remarkable forms of others
and the curious habits of each are well
calculated to excite the admiration of
all, even those ignorant of them, in a
scientific way.

Insects play a most important part
in the economy of Nature, which be-
comes more important as our knowl-
edge of them advances. The average
townsman can hardly appreciate this
fact as usually his knowledge of them
is confined to certain household pests
and consequently he can entertain no
other feeling than contempt and dis-
gust for the annoying hexapods of his
very limited acquaintance.

Yet, they not only vitally concern
man but as scavengers, as pollinizers
of our fruits and flowers, or as food
for other animals they are seen to be
absolutely essential to his very exis-
tence. Hear what that noted observ-
er, John Lubbock has to say on this
subject. He says "Neither plants
nor insects indeed would be what they
are, for the influence which each ex-
erts on the other. Some planis, in-
deed, are altogether dependent for
their very existence on insects. We
know now, for instance, that certain
plants produce no seeds at all unless
visited by insects." Trifoliuni prat-
cusc or red clover is one well known
instance of this dependence and it is
dependent on our common bumble-
bee, that great awkward fellow that
goes buzzing over our fields and pas-
tures in mid-summer.

The next instance I might cite is
that of the scavengers, the Nccroplia-
gac or burying beetles, which dig pits
tor any stray dead mouse or bird and
cover them with earth that they may
have a decaying mass of flesh in which

THE MUSEUM

167

to deposit their egfjs. It is to their
imiustrious efforts that the wholesome
air is not tainted with decaying car-

cases, as it might he otherwise.

Be-

sides the two cases I have mentioned,
there are many others I might cite.
Wo are famihar with the effects of the
honey-bee. and silk worm, and the
beautiful dyes made from the dried
bodies of Coccus cacti'ia, a lady-bug
which hails from Mexico. That tine
variety of white wax we sometimes
see, is the excreton of tiny insect that
lives upon an evergreen tree in China
and Siberia. Shellac and our lac
dyes are made from a resinous matter
execreted by Cdrtcria Incia.

Insects have even contributed to-
ward the food supply of certain na-
tions. The Arabs eat some species of
locust and consider them a great deli-
cacy. The aborigines of Australia eat
many varieties of CoUoptcra particul-
arly I.oiigicorns and Ryncltophora.
They also cat various hairless larvte.
The Mexicans eat a species of water
insect and the people of Egypt eat
them also. Insect eggs are considered
a dish fit only for the rich in Siam.

They have a greater geographical
distribution than any other class of the
animal kingdom. Indeed no part of
the earth's surface can be said to be
free from the little beings. Fossil re-
mains have been found in the Arctic
regions at the very highest point reach-
ed by man. Several species of butter-
flies htve been found as far north as
eighty-three degrees North latitude.
Some species of water striders [Hy-
drobatidic) are found on the ocean
many miles from land. But as a gen-
eral rule the largest and most brilliant
species are found in the tropics; the
same as the most ferocious beasts are
found in the warmer latitudes.

They greatly outnumber the other
classes, and as a great portion of the
globe has never been entomologically
explored, it is safe to say the number
will be greatly increased as the science
advances. The late Dr. Riley esti-
mates the number of species of insects

to be not less than 16,000,000. The
Coleoptera is the largest of the orders.
Packard says that the number of liv-
ing species is between 60,000 and So,-

000 of which 8,000 are known to in-
habit the United States.

We are very prone to boast of the
achievements our own genious has
wrought but did you ever think that
insects have forestalled us in many of
our useful arts.' Yet such is the fact.

1 claim that insects have a large
amount of ingenuity, yes, intelli-
gence, in contradistinction to that
vague, ill-used term instinct — of per-
severance, and patience. We are too
quick to conclude that because man is
big and mighty, that gray matter can-
nyt exist in small organi^atons.. A
greater mistake than this was never
made.

Did you ever watch a spider con-
structing his web and note the intelli-
gence shown by it in fastening each
thread securely and in having each
line cross at the proper angle; and the
perseverance and patience shown b}'
it in re-spinning when ruthless hands
have repeatedly destroyed the delicate
fabrice.' Or consider the genius of
the bee in constructing its cells with
almost mathematical exactitude.' A
few moments thought will covince you
of the correctness of my claim.

Our greatest engineers and archit-
ects aro outdone by so insigniffcant
an insect as an ant. They dig galler-
ies and tunnels many times greater
than those to which we are accustom-
ed to point with pride; and were it
possible for human ingenuity to con-
struct edifices as great in proportion
to us as their structures are to them,
they would be appalling in their mag-
nitude. The builders of Babel were
not the first to use stone and cement.
The stone-mason bees build their
houses of grains of sand formed into
masses with their own viscid secre-
tions. And that great invention the
diving-bell was first used by an aqua-
tic spider.

All their operations are performed

i68

THE MUSEUM.

with admirable precision and the m'eth-
od used is always the best that can be
devised to attain the best results.
They use their own instrumencs, too,
which are no less remarkable than
themselves. All the tools of the artis-
an are rjepresented — tools such as
saws, files, augars, gimlets, knives,
scissors, forceps and lancets.

The care with which insects provide
for the well-being of their progeny
furnishes another remarkable exhibi-
tion of so-called instinct. The great
majority of insects never see their
young, dying soon after the eggs are
deposited, yet the eggs are always
placed where a supply of food may be
within reaoh of the larvfe the moment
they emerge from the egg.

Thus it is that our fields and or-
chards are devastated by them. In
the early history of our country insect
ravages were almost unknown, for the
reason that great areas of land were
not cultivated with one species of plant
to the entire exclusion of any other.
Dr. Lintner once said that two-hun-
dred years ago, when there were no
apple orchards in New York, there
were no apple insects and when the
first trees were planted, the insects
flew many miles to find a suitable
place to deposit their eggs. But now
when hundreds of acres are laid out
in splendid orchards, presenting an un-
broken mass of foliage apple insects
find trunk, branch, root, leaf, bud,
and fruit lain out like a feast to ap-
pease their voracious appetite and
hasten on their ruinous growth.

The rapid changes in the physical
features of our country owing to its
rapid settlement have helped in a
great measure to make our vegetation
more liable to attacks than they were.

It has been stated, I presume upon
good authority, that our agricultural
efforts have been injured fully $500,
000,000, a year by insects and fungus
diseases. This could scarcely fail to
give importance to an enemy, singly
insignificant, but collectively a plague,
against whose distructiveness the farm-

ers have felt themselves well-nigh
powerless to cope.

While it would be impossible to ful-
ly protect our crops from the many
species of insects that ravage them,
Economic Entomology strives to less-
en the total loss to the farmer as much
as possible. To do this the life, his-
tory and habits of each and every
species with their natural enemies
must be recorded; by this means it is
learned which are beneficial and which
are injurious. The utter inability to
distinguish between friend and foe is
the greatest fault of the farmer. He
often destroys both good and bad in
his blind efforts to save his crops.

This is the mission of the entomol-
ogist. It is to his credit that each
year sees new methods arise and our
grain and fruits become better and
better. He has given us rational
methods, methods based upon years
of observation. He has given us the
best artificial means for the erradiation
of the insect evil that his scientific
training can device. He discovers the
truth about Nature and leaves to pos-
terity a wealth of facts, in a form
available for his succesoor. And thus
the good work goes on.

In my next paper I will endeavor to
give a few practical hints, from my
own experience, to the collector re-
garding outfit and appliances, and how
to start a collection.

Mourning Dove.

Mr. \Vm. B. Crispen of New Jersey
reports finding a Mourning Dove's nest
on the 27th of last month, containing
two eggs slightly incubated. The nest
was entirely of light colored rootlets
placed on top of a deserted robin's
nest, twenty feet from the ground.
The first nest found of this species for
189S was April ist,

THE MUSEUM.

169

jmE MUSEUNL_

A Monthly Magazine devoted to Ornithology,

Oology, Mollusca, Echinodermata,

Mineralogy and Allied

Sciences.

Walter F. Webb, Editor and Manager
Albion, N. Y.

C^>rrp^>I)onJ■
IC3. as well .
WorM— view-
; ; "■\: anil

■'- Ills of int(.'rost ou above lop-

; the various Mnsemiis of the

. , discoveries rehiUve to the

ping of Natural History material,

ve habits of varlouij species, are solicited

1- possible and as free from
.iects will allow. All letters

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

ptlon Jl.OO per annum

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Entered at Albion posl-offici as sfcondctass mail matter

NOTES-

W'e place on record another egg of
the rare CaHfornia Condor secured the
third of May this year, having received
the specimen since the pubHcation of
the last Mlseum. This makes three
eggs of this rare bird we have secured
this season but only one was taken in
1S9S. This last specimen is strictly
typical and found in same place as the
other two, one egg having been taken
each year for the last three years from
the same nest.

We regret to learn that the Osprcy
is to be sold owing to the failing health
of the editor. Mr. Johnson offers the
Osprcy for sale together with all the
eggs, books, i.S;c. he has on hand.

Spiders and Pitcher Plants.

In the insectivorous plants of the
genus Nepenthes, a form represented
by a number of species and widely
distributed over the Indian and Aus-
tralian regions, as well as in Madagas-

car, the pitchers or insect-traps, which
are usually regarded as expansions of
the leaf-stalk, are suspended, mouth
upward, at the ends of long tendrils
proceeding from the tips of the leaves.
The gaping orifice, fre(]uently strength-
ened and kept open by a thickening of
the rim, is protected by a lid, which,
while preventing the infall of rain,
offers no obstruction to the free en-
trance of insects. To attract the
attention of these animals the
pitchers are frequently conspicuously
colored in their upper parts, and
honey is secreted from glands scattered
around the margin of the aperture and
on the under-face of the lid. This
gaudy and sweetened portion, designed
as it is to catch the eye and act as a
bait, constitutes the "attractive" area.
A short distance within the cavity and
below the attractive area just de-
scribed, the walls of the pitcher are
smooth and of a waxy consistency, so
that no foothold is afforded to insects,
which are consequently precipitated to
the bottom of the pitfall if luckless or
incautious enough to venture on this
"conductive" area. The lower -part
of the receptacle is filled to a greater
or less extent with a fluid, containing
among other substances potassium
chloride, malic and citric acids, as
well as soda lime and magnesia in
smaller quantities, and an enzyme
which, in the presence of the acids,
has the power of digesting organic
matter. This fluid, poured out as a
secretion from a large number of
glands developed in the adjacent walls
of the pitcher, is usually crowded with
the indigestible remains of insects,
commingled with those of which the
nutritious tissues are in process of de-
composition under the action of the
alimentary juice of the plants and of
the bacteria which infest it.

The spiders of the family Thomisida
belong to that artificial section of the
order sometimes spoken of comprehen-
sively as the wandering or hunting
species as opposed to those of seden-
tary habit, which spin snares for the

I/O

THE MUSEUM.

h

capture of prey. Some of the Thom-
isidfe live on the ground among vege-
table debris or beneath stones; others
on the trunks or leaves of trees; others,
again — and those are the species that
have attracted the greatest amount of
attention — frequent ilowers, and lurk
among the petals on the watch for
visiting insects. To this last category
belongs the spider fMisumena nepen-
thicola) now under discussion, a species
which invariably takes up its abode in
the pitcher of a North Bornean
(Labuanj Nepenthes, perhaps referable
to the species described as N. phyllam-
phora; in any case, whatever the
name of the plant may be, the Misum-
ena appears to inhabit exclusively the
one species, for although se\'eral other
kinds were found growing in the vici-
nity, they were never observed to be
tenanted by spiders.

According to that skilled collector
and trustworthy observer, Mr. A.
Everett, who kindly furnished me with
the notes forming the basis of the ac-
count here given, the pitchers in
question are somewhat elongate in
shape, and constricted a short distance
below the rim, broadening out again
as the bottom is approached, and nar-
rowing ultimately to a vanishing point
where they join the supporing stalk.
Just below the upper constriction the
spider spins a slight web, adherent to
the wall of the pitcher. This web is
not of the nature of a snare or net de-
signed to intercept insects, but extends
as a thin carpet over a small portion
of the conductive area, and enables
the spider to maintain a secure hold
on its slippery surface. Here it lives
and rears its young, no doubt feeding
upon the insects which the Nepenthes
attracts for its own use, capturing
them either as they enter the pitcher,
or perhaps after they have fallen in
the digestive fluid below.

So far as procuring food is con-
cerned, this spider would seem to be
no better off than those of its allies
which live in flowers and capture the
honey-seeking insects that visit them,

e.xcept in so far as it is not dependent
upon seasonal inflorescence for a place
wherein to lurk. But in one very im-
portant respect it must presumably
score heavily in the struggle for exist-
ence— that is to say, in its means of
escaping from enemies.

It is a well known fact that almost
all spiders, especially those that occur
in tropical and subtropical countries,
suffer immense mortality from the
relentless persecution of the solitary
mason wasps, which at their breeding
season scour the country and explore
every nook and cranny in the eager
search for spiders wherewith to lay up
a sufficient store of food for the vora-
cious young wasps during the days of
their larval existence. From these
enemies the flower-frequenting species
have no means of escape, except such
as is afforded by quiescence, in con-
junction with the protective nature of
their colors, attitudes, and form. The
slightest movement on their part will
attract the notice of the quick-sighted
wasp, and bring swift destruction upon
them.

Whether or not the mason wasps
have the temerity to invade the pitch-
ers of Nepenthes in their quest for
victims, there is no evidence to show.
Possibly long-billed birds thrust their
beaks into the insect-trap to extract
any living things or organic debris they
may contain. At any rate, the ac-
count given by Mr. Everett of the be-
havior of this spider when threatened
with danger points forcibly to the con-
clusion that the species is subject to
persecution from enemies of some kind
or other. This collector found that
when an attempt was made to capture
them by tearing open the pitcher, the
spiders, although very active, never
attempted to escape from the mouth
of the vessel, but ran down its inner
surface, and plunged boldly into the
liquid at the bottom, ultimately, if
still pursued, retreating to its very
base, and burying themselves among
the remains of ants, moths, beetles,

THE MUSEUM.

171

•etc. , with which the pitcher was more
or less choked.

Although many spiders of semi-
aquatic habits, such as Dolomedes,
Thalassius, and some species of Lyco-
sida, plunge beneath the surface of
water when threatened with danger,
and escape along the stems of the
subaqueous weeds; and although an
example of Araneus ;Epeira cornutu?.
a terrestrial species, which, however,
frequents the banks of streams and
marshy country, has been noticed,
when disturbed, to drop to the ground,
run into the water, hide beneath a
tuft of weed, and there remain a min-
ute or so before venturing to climb
back to its web, I am not aware that
the adoption of water as a city of
refuge has ever been recorded of any
member of the family Thomisidit.
These spiders, in fact, as already ex-
plained, depend for safety upon pro-
tective assimilation to their surround-
ings. Consequently, the habit of
plunging into the fluid in the pitcher
of Nepenthes, adopted by Misumena
nepenthicola, must be regarded, it
appears, as a new instinct acquired by
the species in connection with the ex-
ceptional nature of its habitat; and its
behavior carries with it the conviction
that the species is constantly subject
to persecution from some enemy other
than man, whether it be bird or wasp.

Possibly the spiders, when once
they have taken up their abode in the
pitcher are, like the insects that ven-
ture in, unable to get out again on ac-
count of the opposition to exit offered
by the slipperiness of the walls of the
conductive area. If this be so, they
would be compelled, in case ot attack,
to seek safety in the lower parts of the
pitcher; and while those too timid to
take the plunge, or too weak to with-
stand the immersion, would be cap-
tured or destroyed, their instinctively
bolder or physically hardier compan-
ions would be saved to transmit their
characteristics; and so by a process of
elimination and selection the instinct
would be irradually brought to the

state or perfection Mr. Everett has
described.

Lastly, if it be wondered by what
means the spider is able to resist the
tliiid, and to regain its position of se-
curity in the upper part of the pitcher,
it must be rememberetl, in the first
place, that a great many spiders, as
well as many insects, can be immersed
in water and other liquids and with-
drawn in a perfectly dry state; and in
the second place, that almost all
spiders, when dropping from their
webs or leaping after prey, insure a
safe return to the spot they have left
by letting out a drag-line of silk, which
passes from the spinning mammilhe to
the point of departure. A silken
thread of this description would enable
M. nepenthicola to climb out of the
digestive tluid which retains the cap-
tured insects; while the nature of the
integument and of its hairy clothing
would prevent the penetration of the
fluid during the short time that the
spider remains beneath it. — A'. /. Po-
cock\ ill Xaturc.

Shell Collectors.

We trust that Conchologists will not
overlook the fact that ////(• s/n-//s are now
our specialty. We are constantly ac-
quiring new and desirable things and
have several thousand good species in
stock. Nearly every family of shells is
represented by numerous examples.
If you specialize any particular group
send for written list of what we have
that will interest you. Our stock of
Minerals, Corals, Eggs, Skins, Land
and Marine Curios is for sale at a sacri-
fice. .\ny collector wishing to start as
a dealer can here find a desirable bar-
gain at prices much below what thej'
could be secured for elsewhere. Write

us.

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr.,

Albion, N. Y.

172

THE MUSEUM.

on a great variety of subjects. We have
only included Al reliable works by the
best authors. You will feel well repaid

PAMPHLETS

with any of them at price named, which is prepaid in eajh instance.

W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

Ridgeway, Notes on Costa Rioan Birds, 6pp S OS

Richmond, Ijist of birds collected at Alta Mira,

Mexico by P. B. Armstrong, tipp 05

Ridgeway, Outlines of Natural arrangenaent of

Faconidffi, 33pp 10

Yarrow, Check list of North American Reptiles

and Batracliia,2Sp;'.i)rintea one side of paper 1.')

Cherrie, Notes on Costa Rican Birds, 25i)p „ 10

Stejneger, Remarks on Japanese Quails, lOpjj 06

Barrows & Schwarz, The Common Crow of the U.

S. lOOpp __ 25

I^inton, Notes on Avean Entozoa, 30pp.. 15

Elliot, List of Described Species of Humming-

Birds. 20pp. 120 species 20

Ridgeway, Old World Birds, a catalogue, 16pp 10

Bendire, History of the Cowblrds, 35pp 20

Judd, Four Common Birds of Farm and Garden.

24pp 10

Kidder, Natural History of Kerguelen Island, Pt.

1 on Ornithology, 50pp 15

Ridgeway, on Bh'ds" Collected by Abbott in the

Seychelles and other nearby Islands, 38pp... 15

Baker, The Ascent of Man, 18pp 10

Paeliminary Outline of a New Classiacation of

the Muricid^, Sopp 10

Ridgeway, Remarks on the Avean Genus Myiar-

chus, 4pp 05

Allen, Grant, Chas. Darwin. His Life and Work,

9Dpp 25

Meek, Check List of Invertebrate Fossils. 30pp. .._ 10
Hornaday, How to Collect Mammal Skins for

Study and Mounting. lOpp 10

Bean, Collecting and Preserving Fish, 8pp 08

Allen, A Seven Years Retrospect 10 ■

Jouy, Notes on Birds of Central Mexico, 25pp 10

Robinson "Wirt, List of Birds Observed on Mar-
garita Island and at Guanta and Lagnazra,

Venezuela, 25pp 15

Abbott, Dr. W. L., Catalogue of Abbott CoUectionj
of Ethnological Objects from East Africa,

2.5pp 10

Foster, Published Writings of Geo. M. Lawrence,

125pp 20

Lucas, Weapons and Wings of Bii'ds, lOpp 10

Stearns, Bird Life in Labrador, lOOpp .. 50

McFarlane, Notes on aud List of Birds and Eggs

Collected in Arctic America, 33pp 20

Wilson. Results of an Inquiry as to the esistance
of man in North America during the Paleo-
lithic Period of the Stone Age, 22pp, illus 15

Ward, Check Llst.of Flora of Washington, D. C.

and Vicinity, 60pp 15

Richmond, on a collection of birds from East Ni-
caragua and Rio Frio, Costa Rica with

notes, 50pp - 15

Rau, Circular relative to contributions of abori-
ginal Antiquities to the U. S. National

Museum 05

Marcon, Bibliography of North American Paleon-
tology. 50pp _ 11

Mantelius, The Age of Bronze in Egypt, 15pp, fine

plates ; 10

Darwin, Origin of Species, part 1, 130pp 20

Part 2, 120pp 20

Lucas, Notes on the Preparation Rough Skeletons 05

Ridgeway, Birds of Guadalupe Island, 8pp 06

Zeledon, Catalogue of Birds of Costa Rica, lOpp 10
Stejneger, A Collection of Birds made by H. V.

Heuson in Island of Yezo. Japan, 7upp SO

Foster, A Consideration rof° some Ornithological
Literature with extracts from current crit-
icism, 1876 to 1863, 51pp 15

Baird, Twelve Plates of American Reptiles, about

120 ligures %rtth Index, The set 30

Lev.erett, The Plei.stocene Features and Deposits

of the Chicago area, S5pp. illustrated 20

\A/arren, B. H., Taxidermy. How to Collect, STiin.
Preserve and Mount Birds. A Pine pam-
phlet and reliable. 125pp 60

Ridgeway, Studies of the American Palconidte,

Monograph of the Palybori, 22pp 10

Peck, Report on the Pteropods and Heteropods
collected by U. S. Fish Commission steamer
Albatross during the voyage from Norfolk,
Va. to San Francisco. l.5pp 10

Stearns, Report on MoUuscan species collected by
the U. S. Scientific Expedition to West

Africa, 'tiil-'OO, S2pp 15

Niblack, Instructions for taking paper moulds of

inscriptions in stone, wood, bronze. &o 08

Calkins, The Lichen Flora of Chicago and vicinity,

EOpp 20

Ferrier. Short notes on some Canadian Minerals.. 10
Bates, A Naturalist on the River Amazon, 150pp... 30

Drummond, Tropical Africa, 66pp. 20

Kidder, No. 3, Contributions to the Natural His-
tory of Kerguelen Island, I'iOpp £0

Wilson on Anthropology, 54pp „ 12

Murdock, A study of the Eskimo Bows in the U.

S. National Museum, 35pp, mostly plates 15

Evans, Antiquity of man, 6pp t5

Ran, A Gold Ornament found in Florida. 8pp 10

Darwin and Humboldt, written by Huxley, Agas- 15

.siz and other's. 44pp

Stejneger, The Poisonous Snakes of North Amer-
ica, 1.50pp, beautifully illustrated 60

Shufeldt, Scientific Taxidermy for Museums, 60pp

and 50 to 60 full page half tone plates, flue... 60
Lucas. Explorations made in Newfoundland and

Labrador, 20pp 10

Cherrie, Description of new Genera Species and

Sub-species of Birds from Costa Rica. 10

Fraser, The Aborigines of New South Wales, fine

and very interesting, lOSpp 25

Cummins, Notes on Geology of Northwest Texas,

.50pp 15

Davis & Baker, The Oologists Directoiy. 1885 12

Bendire, Directions for CoUectini^", Preparing and

Preserving Birds Eggs and Nests, 16pp 10

Hornaday, How to Collect Mammal Skins for Pur-
pose of Study and Mounting 10

Townsend, Catalague of Collection of Bii'ds from

Caribbeau Sea and JHonduras, 24pp 10

Richmond, Catalogue of Birds made by Abbott in

K-ashmer, Baltistan and Ladak, 50pp 15

Webb, Ornithologists and Oologists Manual. lOOpp
pocket size, prices skins and egg.s and has

valuable tables, directions, &c 15

Stearns, Notes on the Natural History of Labrad-
or, 75pp... 40

Hyatt, The Oyster, Clam and otlier Mollusks, Ills.

53pp _ 20

Worms and Crustacea, illustrated, 70pp 20

The Oologisfs Handbook, 1885. _ 10

The Standard Catalogue of Birds Eggs 10

The Palm and its Varieties 05

Hints on Insect Collecting 10

The Ear aud Sound _ 05

Alexander Von Humboldt 05

Worcester & Bourns on PhilliDpine Ornithology,

70pp .'. 25

Hyatt, Common Hydroids, Corals and Echin-

oderms, 34pp

Holberton, The Art of Angling. 9>pp _

Manton, Primary Methods of Zoology Teaching,

60pp, ills., cloth

Taxidermy Without a Teacher, 60pp, cloth

The Popular Postage Stamo Album for Beginners

Zoological Myths

Lamarck's Genera of Shells with Catalogue of

Species, llOpp

Gray, Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Is-
lands of the Pacific Ocean. 75pp

Hyatt, Commercial and other Sponges. 43pp

Bowditch. Hints for Teachers of Physiology, 50pp
Clapp, Thirty-six Observation Lessons on Com-
mon Minerals. SOpp

Gray, List of GrallinJe In the British Musaum,

115pp

Back Volumes of Desib.ible Mag.\zines.

American Anfuiuarian, vol.

12...
13...

14 ...
" 15..

.. J,;

The set

The American Geologist, vol. 15..

" 16...

The Obserrer. vol. 5

18
30

45
45
■12
05

50

EO
18
20

25

25

SI 60
1 60

1 60

1 60
1 l.iO

I

f

THE MUSEUM.

W3

'Thf ^uk. vol. 11 . .. -J mi

vi a 00

90 odd numbers. eneb BO

Th/ r,.;i,cf,,is lAo '".?/;. vol. 2 40

■■. vDl. 17 80

y. vnl. II 9 00

. ■ \ 1 f,>r ii) 1 00

~ i.<j CVu«. vol. 111. UuL'ly liouuil. nice 1 U.i

MISCELLANEOUS.
Keiwrt ■ - "f Interior. ISIO. j)art 3 o( vol.

4.' I'lT ?l anil in>sluge $ 60

Hu.sUu- t Chicago, good as new 1 .iO

Deiitb N itloD, 400 page. No. 7. bound

111 1 50

Smithsf

Tor 1-- _ ■-' Oil

1-- . ■,' IMl

1- , ..^. . , ■,' UI.I

l> ■ poalage :^Jo ...8 00

■ I» postaKe33c _ 9 DO

The !. ... ... 1 10 03

U. S. Naiionul Museum, report for 1893, 900 pages,

new. postaBe4(H' 3 00

Coucs, Thlnl ln^itall[nent of American Ornithol-
ogical Hlbleoi;''!'P''y. ^'•'Pi'ee.s. paper 100

Allen on the Coates (Uenu.s Nashua. Starr) 150

papi s. paper _ 5)

Nat urall>t s Directory of the World, 740 pages by

Frle<llander .t Son. postage Ihc 1 25

Haydcn's report for \»7-i. SXi |)aKes. postage 23 1 00

nitto for l(>74. fnOpage.s, postage aOc - 1 00

Bullingcr's Postal and Shipping Guide of North

America, prepaid _ 1 00

Blue Hook of Aniatetir Photography of America,

7.tO paces, prepaid 1 00

Powell's 7th Ethnological Report. 4C0 pages, pos-
tage lie 150

Ditto. lOth Keport. 800 pages, postage 70c 3 50

American Naturalist tor 1874. SCO pages, finely

bound, postage 2> 4 00

Ditto, Vol. 1. ci^mplete, bound In half leather,

rtneoopy. postage lOc 4 00

Mi)lcr, Elements of Cnemlstry, 500 pages, cloth,

IKistagf ISc 2 50

Hart, The \Vorld of the Sea. 430 pages, colored

plates, postage 21c 3 00

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cloth, new. postage lie 1 00

Frcy, Compendium of Histology, 270 pages, cloth,

gofid ii-s i\e». postage I.tc 1 00

Goode G. Brown. Published Writings of Philip

Howe Slater. i:i0 pages, new. postage 8c W

Hopkins. Natural History Plays and Dialogues.

cloth 30

Prescott, First Book of Qnalltatlve Chemistry.

l«0 pages, cloth : 60

MOLLUSCA, ENTOMOLOGY, BOTANY.
Dodge Raynal, Ferns and Fern Allies of New

England. .tO pages, new, postage 2c 60

Carpenter, Molluscs '•t Western North America,

newly bouad. half leather, postage I.tc 4 03

Keep. Josiah. West Coast Shells. 225 pages, cloth,

Illustrates nearly all West Coast Shells,

postage I.TC 1 60

Second Report State Zoologist of Minnesota. .tOO

pages, cloth, covers Copepoda. Cladocera

and OstraciHla of .Minnesota, postage 27c 2 00

Er.crton, Spiders. Their Structure and Habits, 115

pages, chtth. new. postage Sc _ 95

Penhallow, Vegetable Histology, CO pages, cloth,

new, postage 7c _ 50

Cray, School and Field Botany, 400 pages, post-
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dreds figures, postage luc 2 50

Stowell, Manual of Histology. 300 pages, cloth,

postage I'k- 75

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T7.T pages, Illustrated, ixistage .tOc 2 00

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tine, jtoslage (*Cc 7 50

Leidy, Fresh Water Rhlzopods of North America,

.Ti») page. H> plates, finely colored. postageMc 2 00
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Locust. 4iJ<l jiages. pfia'ig.. •_'ir 1 3a

Brocklcsby. Views of thf :: World. 125

pages. Illustrated. J 90

Knoebels. F- rr- nr. I Kv. : New England 50

Day IJii' it New England. 50

The NIl- .nd .50

Wild 1^1 - s of New England 50

Mo~.|iiii . - i.uu!-. i.'riiii'.:',!'- and .Midges of New

KriL'land .W

Lewis. Land and Fre^ih Water Shells of Alabama.

'A pages 75

Griiys Manual of llotany, revised, 8C0 p.iges, j)0st-

age, I7c 1 50

Riley, Packard & Thomas, 3rd report, 500 pages,

postage 20 I 25

Illinois Kntoniidogist Reports, 1000 pages, bound,

postage 21c l 60

Riley, Index to 11 Reports on Insects of Mo., 176pp. 35

Wood, How to Study Plants, 330 pages, cloth 95

Apgar, Pocket Key to Trees of Eastern U. S 50

MINERALOGY, GEOLOGY AND PALAEONTOLOGY .

Cope, Cretaceous \'ertebrata. 3(i) iniges. 57 full

page plates, postage 3 OU

Winchell. Comparative Geology, 650 pages, good

as new. postage I.tc 1 50

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postage:*) 3 50

Haydcn's Report, 1873. Geology and Paleontology

of Colorado, 70O pages, postage 27c 175

Geological Survey, vol. 2. on I'aUi'ontology, 600
pages. .t8 full page plates illiistratiDg hun-
dreds of species of crluolds and other fossils,
po.stage (lOc I 75

Crosby, Tables for the Determination of Common

Minerals. ."5 pages cloth, new, postage 8c 1 00

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new, post.tgeOc 1 00

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good as new, postage I.tc 1 50

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Powell's 9th Report, soiled, postage 6.TC I 25

■Winchell, Walks and Talks in the Geological

Field, 30D pages, good, postage 10 1 20

Fine Land Shells^

We list .a few fine land shells thus month.
All will be properly named an<l localized and

sent on approval if desired. Check any you
would like to see and write at once.
Bulituiis San. Cristoralensis, Co.x, San. Cris.

Isl $ 75

Bulimus crenatiis Brod. Chili 25

" ualmorum, Co.\, W. Australia. 30

bilabiatu.s. Brod.. Brazil 50

" elolatus. Cox, Fiji Isles 25

libratus, Marl, N. Caledonia. . 35

nlle.xus, I'fr , Chili 20

" Tuekeri, Cox, Solo. Isles 50

lai-rillurla, Phil. Brazil 30

" scarobus, Alb., New Caledonia 60

" atonialis, Cox, Australia 50

" raandensis, Cox, N. Caledonia 50

" niiltocheilus, Rve., Sol. '.Isles. . 35

" strangei, Pfr., " " 25

caledonica, Cox, N. Caledonia. 35

" veisicolor. Rve., Callao 20

allo-peruvianus, Kve., Peru... 30

" St'cmanii, live., Fiji Isles 30

" bivaricosus. Cox.Loid Howe Is. CO

" vergatus, Jay, Philip 20

" Tasnianiensis, Pfr.. Tasmania. 80

" lostoma, Sby., Peru 25

•' coi|uinibornsis, Brod. Chili. .. . 25

milleri, Sbv, Brazil 35

adolus, Pfr., W. Africa 30

" canalensis. New Caledonia. .. . 60

" calcareus. Born., Brazil 150

" heterotrichus, Moric, Brazil.. 30

labrostis. Oliv., Palestine 80

" coltibrinus, Cox, Fiji Isles. ... 25

" dactylus, Brod, Philippines... 30

pachycheilus, Pfr., Chili 25

(tlandiformis. Lea , N. (Jrenada 20

" dux, Pfr., Austr.ilia 35

" pornhyrastomus, Pfr, N. Cal. 35

174

THE MUSEUM.

chrysatidiforrais, Sby., Philip.

" Kraussi, Lam , Africa

perversus, L., Singapore ....
Dormani, W. G. B.. Florida . .

" exilis, Gmel.. Hayti

" favannii. Lam , Europe

" malleatus, Jay, Fiji Isles

" algoensis, South Africa

" detritus, Hungary

" dealbatus. Say, Texas

" elongatus. Bait , St. Croix...

■' distortus, Brug,, Brazil

Orthalicus fasciata, Fla

" solida, Fla

" undata, Cuba

" regina, Ft^r., Brazil

Cochylastyla Reevti, Brod.. Luzou

dafnis, Pfr., Philip

pethogaster, Fer., Philip..

metaformis, Fer., Luzon..

Mindoro3nsis,Broil., Philip

Luzonoensis, Sby . Philip.

sylvanus, Bred., Philip. . . .

sphaerica, Sby., Philip....

Achatina panthera, Fer. S. America ....

■' elongata, " " ....

" marginata, Su. " " ....

" acuta, Mauritius

" granosa, Africa

" zebra, "

" fulica, "

" Jamaicensis, Pfr., Jamaica....
" griffithsi. Ads.. " ....

Pseudo achatina Wrighti

Helicina Briarea. Poey., Cuba

•' moquiana, Reel. Sol. Isle

" maxima, Sby , Jamaica

" ciliata, Poiy, Cuba

" submarginata, Gra 7, Cuba. . . .

" mangeriae. Pse., Cuba

" aurantia, (iray, Jamaica

major, Pfr , "

citriua, Gray, Philip

" amaena, Pfr., Guatemala

'' silacea, Marit., Cuba

'■ sajziaua, Uarb , Cuba

Trochatella Tankervilli, Gray, Jamaic.i.
" subaugulata, Poey., Cuia.

" regina, Mori , Cuba

" pulchella. Gray, Jamaica.

Cyclotus caeloconus, Ceylon

" Dysoni, Pfr., Nicaragua

" stamineu.^, Gray, Pt. Cabello..
planorbulus, L., Coehiuctuaa

Pythia striata, Hind, Philip

plicata, Fer. , Ceylon

pantherina. A. ad , Isle of (iuam.

ceyloniea, Ceylon

scarabeus, L., Moluccas

sp., Tulon Isles

" Guam. "

" North Australia

" Solomou Isles

Megalastoma ventricosum, D.orb., Cuba

bicolous, Poey., Cuba

tortum. Wood, W. 'Indies,
dubinyi, Pfr., San Domingo
digitale, Grund., Cuba....
tuberculatum, Sby., Cuba,
apertum, Poey., Cuba ....

mani, Poey., Cuba

tlavelata. Lam., Porto Rico
Gibbus antoni, Pfr., Mauritus

40 Tudora augustae, C. B. Ad., Jamaica. . . 05-

75 " armata, " "... 05

15 " versicolor, Pfr., Buen Ayre 05

05 Cyclostoma elegans, L , Europe 05

05 " Javvna, Ads , Jamaica 10

10 Melampus luteus, Quoy, W. Indies.... 03

30 " coffens, Li'nn , Bah OS

10 Cyclophorus Theobaldeanus, Beu., Bur-

10 mah 50

05 Cyclophorus fulguratus, Pfr , Burmah.. 13

05 " speciosus, Phil, Siam 30^

20 " occUisus, Lam., Mauritius. 20

10 " deplanatus, Pfr., Bengal.. 10

10 " Woodiana, Lea , Philip 25

10 " involutus, Sby , Ceylon. . . 20

1 00 " Pearsoni, Pfr., •• ... 25

100 " irrorata. Pfr., Philip 20

20 •' Borneensis, Mtcl., Borneo. 20

50 ■■ volvulus, Mull., China 25

20 " punctatus, Gray, China. . . 20'

25 " ceyloniea, Pfr, Ceylon. .. . 20

20 '• linguifera, Sby, China 25

25 Cassidula intuscarmata, Mouss , Viti Is. 15

15 " sp., Viti Isles 15

75 ■' mustalina, Uesh., Ceylon 10

1 00 " nucleus, L., Ceylon 15

1 00 Catanlus pyramidatus, Pfr. Ceylon 15

CO Cyclotus inca, D, orb. .Peru 20

60 " annulatus, Ceylon 20

00 Leptopoma Dorni, Cox, Sol. Isles 15

30 Otopoma naticoides. Reel , Socotra 15

20 " clausum, Beus , Siam 15

20 Chouopoma lincina, L , Jamaica 20

1 00 Autopoma helicinum. Chin., Ceylon.... 15

20 Oleacina lencoranellus, Walsh, Jamaica. 10

15 " venusta, Pfr,, Jamaica 15

15 Glessula Singhanensis, B. & A , Poonah 15

10 Eucolodium Blondiana, C. & F., Gnat. . 50

15 Achatinella sanguinea, Newc , Sandw.

10 Isles 10

10 Achatinella turgida. Hols., Sandw. Isles. 10

15 " atHnis. Newc, " " 08

15 '• mugh, " ■' 10

15 •' mucronata, Newc, •' " 08

15 " colorata, Rvc, " " 08

15 " virgulatus, var., •' " 15

15 " plicata, Migh., '■ " 10

15 " biplicata, Newc, ' " 10

15 '' splendidula, Newc , " " 15

08 " perversus, Swain , " '• 10

15 " deciplens, Newc, " " 10

10 ■• bella, Rve., '■ " 08

15 " turritella, Swain., " " 06

20 " affinis, Newc, ■■ ■' 06

15 " rugosa, " '' " 10

20 " taeniolata, Pfr., ■• " 10

15 '• rufa, Newc , •• " 10

15 •• tessellata, Ne vc , •' " 10

15 ■' swifti, Newc , " " 10

15 ■• rudis., Pfr., " " 10

15 " diversa. Gat.. " " 10

15 " marmorata, GId., " " 15

20 " viridans, Migh., " " 10

20 " olivacea. live., " " 10

15 " crassa, Newc , •' •' 10

15 ■' albolabris, " " 10

15 •' citrina. Migh , " " 10

15 Strophia acuta, Mayu., Bahamas 10

15 " alba, '" " 10

15 " bimarginata, Mayn., Bahamas 10

15 " cinerea, " '' 10

15 " curtiss', " " 10

20 '• carlotta, " " 10

THE MUSELM.

175

*■ coryi, " 10

" copia, " •• 10

orassic istuta, " " 10

" fximi'ii, " •' 10

Ki-aji, ■ • 10

iui'aua, Biu . " 10

inU'i'iueilia, Maju , " 10

lineata. '' ' 10

nitelH, •■ " 10

perplex:i, " " 10

parva, " •' 10

" paDQOsa, " ■• 10

pilsbru. ■• •• 10

ritchifi, " •' 10

miniia, Viv . " 10

alocaiia. Dill . • 10

iosti>m:i. Pfr , • 10

" uinriliiiia. Pfr.. 10

marti-iiii, AVt'iiu". 10

WALTER F. \A/EBB, Mgr.,

Albion, N. Y.

Foreign Helix.

The following lino HA'w aro all i 1 stock.
Of some we have only a single specimen ou
hand, but of m:iny species we have a good
lot of duplicates which we otter in exchange
for other go.jit fureigu sorts. Send lists. VVe
have a good stock of American Helix, except
the rarer siris vvliich we will buy for cash.

Helix.

arenosa. Zieg . South Franco $ 10

aconipsia. Bgt . Hussieu 10

algirus, Linn.. Smyrna 20

austricea, Muhl . Germany 20

ambrosia. Ang . Philip 20

arbustorniii, Linn , Sweden 00

alauda, Fer., Cuba 15

aperta. Born., Island of Corfu 10

Alfredi, Cox. Solomon Isles 25

aspera. Fer.. Solomon Isles 25

acuta, Lam.. Jamaica 25

aphrodyti. Pfr., Solomon Isles 50

aurieoma. F'er., Cuba 10

bonplandi. Lam , Cuba 15

bistriali.s. Pfr. , Cey lou 25

Badia, Fer.. Puerto Kico 15

Bloomticldi. Cox, N. K. Australia 30

bathylocma. Bcurg . Balearic Islis 15

Beruuidientis, Pfr . Burmuua 15

bigonia. Fer.. Philippines 20

Beckiana, Pfr.. • 20

candidessimi, Drap., France 10

conica, JefT , Medit 06

caperata, MoDt , (it Britain 05

chemui. Pfr, Ceylon 50

conspurcata, Drap, Marseilles 05

cincta. Mull . D.ilniatia 20

candicans, Zieg. Borneo 05

connectens. Mart Philip 25

crespignyi. Higg , Borneo 25

cantiana. Mtg. Austria 05

carniolicus, Schm.. Bosnia 10

circumdata. F'er. Aru. Jsles 40

carthusiana. Mull . Greece 05

i-ookensis. Cox, Tasmania 50

consobrina. Fer . Tencriffe 20

colubriua, Jan.. Tyrol 15

coroni, Desh.. Palestine 10

caslaiiea, Cox, Tasmania 40

coquando. Mart,. Morocco 20

cretica Fer . Crete 05

cooani, Sniith, Madagascar 20

cenestinensis. Crosse. Corsica 20

crassilabris. Pfr , Cul>a 50

cariosula, Mich, Ml. L'sbanon, Syria..., 20

cespitum, Drap, Italy 10

ccsticulus, (imel , Cuba 15

cunniughami. Gray, Australia 35

coxie, Bow,. Ceylon 50

derbeutina. Btg,. Uus.'-ia 05

denticus, Fer. Marliiiique 20

discolor, Fer. Antilles 30

ericetorum. Mull.. Ireland 05

endora, Salnnion Isles 20

erinaceu.'i. Pfr , Solomon Isles 20

fodiens, Pfr., Cebu 10

fruticum, Mull, (iermany 06

fringella. Pfr., Solomon Isles 20

tiguliua, Parr., Dalmatia 15

fallaciosa. Fer., India 15

Fraseri, (Jray, tjueensland 40

grayi, Pfr.. Australia 20

gibbosa, Mart., Java 40

griseola, Mull , Cebu 20

gardueri, Pfr.. Ceylon 5000 ft 25

glasiana, Shutt , Canary Isles 30

huegeli. Pfr , Manila 25

hortensis. Mull., Berlin 05

hispida, L , (iermany 03

Hargravesi. Aug., Solomon Isles 25

Honibroni, Pfr., '• " 25

Intermedia, Zieg.. Austria 10

iucarnata. Mull., Italy 06

in^alida, Brod., Jamaica 20

inversicolor, Fer., Mauritius 35

inserta, F'er.. Philip 20

inequalis, Pfr , New Caledonia 15

josephiua, Fer . (iuadelupe 20

lactea. Mull., Spain 05

Lambi, Pfr,, Philippines 25

ludosi. Pfr,, New Zealand 20

lens, F"er,, (ireece 10

ligerus, L , Europe 03

lapicida, L,, Alps 05

lutea, Semp,, F'urope 10

laevepes. Mull.. Malabar 25

Livesayi, Pfr., Philippines 20

Icmniscata, N. & B., Canary Isles 05

lactone. Bra/ . (iueensland 50

lamarckiana, Lea., Philip. ... 35

marmorata, F'er , (iibraltor 15

muralis. Mull., Balearic Isles 10

uierziana. Cox, Soloiuon Isles 20

mozulli, Lam., Sicily 25

melanostoma, Drap., Marseilles 15

monodonta. Lea,, San Domingo 20

modesta, Pfr., TenerilTe 20

McLearyi, Cox. N. E. Australia 40

marginata. Mull., F^. Indies 20

Milleri, Pfr., F'ortune Isles 15

mirabilis, F'er., Italy 40

mo/ambiijuensis, Pfr, Mozambique 15

modicolla, F'er., Solomon Isles 20

malleata, Q. it M, Sicily 30

minoricensis. Mitt., Balearic Isle 15

muscarum. Lea., Cuba 15

macgregari. Cox, Solomon Isles 30

neglecta, Pds , Portugal 10

nemarensis. Mull., Temar 30

nisoria, Rose, Tirol 15

necomiede, Brod., Torres Sts 40

176

THE MUSEUM.

nemoralis, L., German}' 05

nobilis, Pfr., Borneo 50

notabilis, ShiUt., St. Johns W. 1 20

niceusis, Far., France 15

obesa, Bank., Guadelupe 20

orbiculata, Fer. , Martinique 25

oleacea, Sch , Palma Isles 05

otarae, Garr., Isle Viti Levn 30

olivieri, Rm., Greece 10

obvia, Mlie., Tunis 05

orbignyi, W. v.t B., Maderia 05

profuga, Schm., Greece 05

pyrimitlata, Drap. , France 05

pisania, Mull., France 06

pachystyla, Pfr., Queensland 30

personata, Lam., Germany 06

Presslu, Schm., Austria 15

perversa, Fer., Grenada 20

puella. Bred., Malay Isles 20

provisiria. Pfr., Bahamas 15

parmula, Brod., Philippines 3C

quaesita, Dh, Japan 25

quercina, Solomon Isles 30

raregutta, Mss., Java 30

rhoda, Born., Solomon Isles 20

Raspailii. Poyr , Corea 30

rufescens, Moq , Eng 04

rivoli Type 50

rotundata. Mull., Eng 03

Rainbirdi, Cox, Australia 30

Rownsleyi, Mt. Elliot, N. Aust CO

rhea, Pfr., Philip 25

sardonia. Mart., Sai'dinia 20

splendida, Drap., Marseilles 15

similaris, Fer., Brazil 10

sicana, Zieg., Sicily 10

serobiculata, Bd., Philip 25

strigella, Drap., Germany 08

sinuosa, Fer., Jamaica 15

sarcostoma, Webb, Canary Isles 25

serpentina, Fer., France 15

strlatissima, Pils. Cebu CO

sylvalia, Drap., France 10

solida, Pfr., <■ Philippines 35

sagiltifera, Pfr., Phili.j 25

terrestris, Penn., Marseilles 08

troscheli, Pfr., Bahamas 10

undulata, Mich.. Hayti 30

videns, Vil., Sardinia 15

virgata, D. C, Eng 05

variabilis. Dr., Tunis 06

villnsa. Stud., France 06

villica, Paul, Sardinia 20

Waltoni, Rve., Ceylon 1 00

yulei, Forbes, No. Aust 50

zorkaria, L., Ambonia 25

W. F. \A^EBB, Mgr.,

Albion, N. Y.

Books at a Sacrifice.

To close out the following lot of fine books
we put specially low prices on them. Look
the list over carefully.

ORNITHOLOGY.

Swann, H. K., Birds of London, 133 pages, post-
age 4c - $ 4a

Coues & Stearns, New England Bird Life. vol. 1.

300 pages, good as new, postage 15c 1 CO

Coues, Birds of the Northwest. 700 pages, second

hand, postage 23c 3 00

Raine, Walter, Bird Nesting in Northwest Cana-
da, iOO pages, hound in boards, new, color ;d
plates, postages 10c

Mcllwraith, Thcs"., Birds oJ Ontarfo, 403 pages. new
and fine, postage 1.5c .•

Gray, Geo. R., Part 3 of Gray's Hand List of Birds
in British Museum, covering Struthiones,
Grallae and Anseres, postage 10c

Young Oologist. vol. 1 and 3, bound in cloth, post-
paid

IngersoU, Birds. Their Nests and Eggs, lOJ pages,
cloth, new, postpaid...-

Oologist, ^'ols. 1 to 10 inclusive, bound in two fine
large volumes, new, postage 43c _

Ibis, for 1S93. half leather, 610 pages, postage 48c ..

For 1883, 600 pages, cloth, postage, l"c

For 1884. 600 pages, cloth, postage loc

Silloway, Some Common Birds, 330 pages, cloth,
new. prepaid

Ornithologist and Oologist, 1889 and 1890. bound iQ
full leather, line new copy, postage £0c

Museum, Vols. 1. 2 and 3. 800 pages, cloth, new
and finely illustrated, postage 28c

Chapman's Birds of Eastern North America, 4'30
pages, new. postage 13c

Goss, Birds of Kansas, new copy, over 500 half
tone illustrations of mounted birds, post-
age 30c -

IMayna-d, A Part of Birds of Eastern North Amer-
ica, 150 pages, postage "7c

Cooke, Birds of Michigan, 150 pages, illustrated
paper, postage 6

Davie's Nests and Eggs of North American

Birds. 1st edition, paper

Nests and Eggs. 4th edition, paper covers, post-
age lOc

Ditto, cloth binding, good as new, postage ISc

Nest & Eggs, nth and latest edition, 1898, revised

and enlarged, new, postage 20c

Cory, List of Birds of Florida

List of Birds of Eastern North Ame: ica

The Ault, Vol. 10, half leather, postage 2.5c

Avis, Bird Preserving and Bird Mounting, cloth..

Apgar's Pocket Key of Birds of the U. S.. pocket
edition, fine

Gentry, Birds Of East Pennsjlvanli. 330 pages,
good as new

Barrows, The English Sparrow in North America,
400 pages, postage loc _

MAMMALS, ZOOLOGY AND TAXIDERMY.

Bairds, Mammals of North America, 800 pages,
postage 60c 14

Brown's Taxidermy Manual, 203 pages, second
hand. good, postage, 7c

Knoeble, Turtles, Snakes and Frogs ol New Eng-
land

Fresh Water Fishes of New England

Allen, Monograph of North America Pinnipeds,
750 pages, postage 22c 1

Holder & Wood on Mammalia. 600 pages, finely Il-
lustrated, largely American, postage 64c 5

Pennant, British Zoology, 4 vols, leather, over
20CO pages and finely illustrated, covers
Birds, Animals. Mollusca, Fishes, &c. Post-
age 9l'c, a bargain for set at 4

Mangin, Arthur, The Mysterit'S of the Ocean, 450
pages, second hand, gold edge, finely illus-
tr.ated. cost-?^. Our price with 24c postage... 8

Milner, Gallery of Nature. S'JO pages, finely illus-
trated, postage 32c 3

Blanford, W. T., Eastern Persia, 2 vols; vol. 1
i I Geographical and Narratives; vol. 2 on Zool-
ogy and Geology. 60) pages in each, post-
age 4S 3

Hartwig, The Sea and Its Living Wonders, 50O
pages, cloth, postage 2C'c 2

Rhodes, S. M., Ords Zoology, 151 pages, cloth,
new, postage 10c

Agassiz, Structure of Animal Life, 135 pages, new. 1

Colton, Practical Zoology, 300 pages, cloth, good
new, postage 5c

Malcolm, Sir John, Central India. 2 vols. 500 pages
each, leather, the set with 32c postage 2

Morse, First Book of Zoology, 230 pages, good as
new, po.'-tage7c

Batty, How to Hunt and Trap, cloth, 200 page,
second hand, postage 8j

Rowley's New Taxidermy, just out, fine, post-
age 15 1

WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr.,

1 7(
1 8;

2 o:

51
1 II

3 5(

4 51
4 C(

4 01

1 61

5 1(

2 .5(
2 7i

5 4(

41
41

1 o:

1 5(

2 01

2\

2':

3 61

I 35

1 01

Albion, N. Y.

THE MUSEUM

Sets of Birds Eggs.

All Al, lirst class, wilh full data.

I'er egg

Kazor-billed Auk 1-1 » 10

Miirre II 10

California Murre 11 10

("hachalaca 13 20

NoiUtv TtTii 1 1 fine series 15

Sootv Tern 11 " 12

W.stern Gull 1-2 20

Auiorioan Herring Gull 13 10

KlaniiiiRO 11 40

White Ibis 1-3 1-2, nice series 12

Aniorican Bittern 1-4 30

Turkey Vulture 1-2 30

HIack-neoked Still 1-3 15

Western Redtail 13 30

Wi stern CJreat Horned Owl 1-3 40

(iolilen Eagle 12 3 00

iMu-k Hawk 13 2 00

California Condor I-l

Wandering Albatross 1-1 3 00

Kerriig. Rough I^g 13 50

Harris Hawk 13 ' 30

While-winged Dove 1-2 10

Mourning Dove 1-2 02

Hobiii 14 02

Catbird 14 02

Cerulean Warbler n 3 ... 1 50

Mourning Warbler 1-3 1 50

Kiiropean Golden-crowned Kinglet 1-7.. 15

Baltimore Oriole 1-5 03

Moik.r 14 02

Crow 15 04

Brown Thrasher 1-4 02

Sennolt's Thrasher 1-4 06

California Towhee 1 4 04

Aherl's Towhee 1-4 15

Yellow-breasted Chat 1-4 03

l.<ach Petrel 1-1 10

Fine 0.strieh egg prepaid for only 90

Purplr Grackle 1-4 03

Bron/.ed Grackle 1-4 03

Tricolored Blackbird 1-4 VH

Bi-colored ' 1-4 04

Kid-winged " 1-4 02

Wood Thrush 14 05

Cedar Waxwing 1-5 04

Barn Swallow 14 03

California Thrasher 1-3 10

(ireat tailed Grackle 1-4 08

Yellow Warbler 14 03

Herriuan's Song Sparrow 1-4 04

Cedar Waxwing 1-4, totally unspotted. . 25

Good Skins at Low Prices.

Male California Condor Price on application.

SolilaiT Sandpiper m f 9 15

B ack Tern m 20

Short eared Owl m 40

Scn-ech Owl rn 35

Aiucrican (^uail f 35

Sira Kail m 20

Blui' fronted Jay f 2.5

AlirgAtor 3 ft 1 50

Box Turil ■ 85

Yellow-bellied Terrapin 1 00

Leather backed Turtle 1 00

Oppfissum 60

Skunk 40

Marsh Rabbit 25

Kod Scjuirrel 20

Prairie Dog. 35

Peccary 2 50

House Canary m 10

Song Sparrow nj f 12

Slaie-<'olored Junco m f 10

West Savannah Sparrow 10

Tree Sparrow m f 10

Snow Bunting ni f 15

Pill ated Warbler ni 25

Kufiius Hummer, tine series of males

<.nl.v 80

Co<ta's Hummer, m 35

Maryland Yellow-throat m 15

Pine Siskin m 20

White-throated Sparrow m f 10

Cerulean Warbler m 20

Canaila Jay ra 40

Thurber's Junco m 40

Townsend's Junco m 40

Pygmy Nuthatch m 20

Lincoln's Sparrow m 15

White- naped Nuthatch m 40

Mountain Chickadee m 80

Slender-billed Nuthatch m 20

Black-throated Sparrow no 20

Winter WroM m 15

Verdiu m 20

Black billed Cuckoo m 25

Y( llowbilled Cuckoo in 25

Downy Woodpecker m 15

Hairy ■' ra 20

Blue Jay ni 20

Black throated Gray Warbler m 40

Magnolia " m 30

Parula •' m 20

Black-throated Blue " m 25

Palm " f 25

Chestnnt-sided " m 20

Chickadee ni 15

White breasted Nuthatch m 15

Red breasted •• 01 15

Indigo Bunting, lot males 20

Scarlet Taiiagor " 25

(Jli vc backed Thrush m 20

WnfHl •• m 20

Wilson's " m 20

K.dpnll m 15

Pi'siagc extra on any of above. Specimens
.sent on approval if desired.

W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,

Albion, N. Y.

JAMES P. BABBITT,

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird
Skins, Eggs and Publications,

TAUNTON, MASS.

Our largp monthly bulletin o( Skins. Eggs, etc free
iip<in apiillc-iiUm.

When answering advertisements al-
ways vnntion THE MUSEUM.

THE MUSEUM.

$

WE BUY STAMPS (^

AND

OLD STAMP COLLECTIONS

Send us what you have with lowest cash
price or we will make ycu an offer if you
wish. We pay express or postage cne wjiy.

DR. J. W.

FOWLER,

DUBUQUE, I A.

POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS,

Nature, Invention, Archaeoloy. Elec-
tricity, Chemistry, Mineralogy, Hy-
giene. Mecicine, Health.

Formerly BOSTON JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY.

ENLARGED and IMPROVED.

This popular monthly eoulainsa large num-
ber of Shi tI, Easy, I'racilcal, luleresling and
Popular, Scientitic .'u tides, that can he Ap-
preiialeil and Enjoycil hy any inlcilitjKut
reader, even though iie knew little or nothing
of Science. It is intended to interest those
who think

Profusely Illustrated.

Free from Technicalities.

Entirely DlflVreiit from and Much Superior to
other papers with a siniiliar nauie

Monthly, SI. 60 per year; Newsdealers, I 5c

Largest Circulation of any
Scientific Paper.

LILLARD & CO.,

100 Fulton St , New York.

Mention MUSEUIW for a sample copy.

Sno NAME \

SCOLLECTOR \

^LOCALITY.

JDATE S ST MARK,.

JnO. in set IDENTITY

JiNCUBATION J

LABELS like Sample. Sizes 3x1^
inches, 15c per 100; $1.00 per 1000.
Letter Heads, &c.
Please send stamp with cop}' for
prices.

D. H. EATON, Wolvern, Mass.

Our New Game Bird.

'Many doubtless know of the existence of
the Mongolian phea.sant birds in Oregon, and
of the manner of their introduction, but for
those to whom the facts are unknown I shall
otl'er a few words of explanation. Some
twelve or fifteen years ago Judge Denny, a
loyal citizen of Oregon, was United States
Consul at the port of Shanghai. China. The
thought suggested itself to the Judge that in-
asmuch as the climate of that section of China
differed but little from that of Oregon, and
pheasants could be had iu large numbers, it
would be a capital idea to se d some over to
the Western world and liberate them on his
tine wheat farm in Yamhill county. This idea
was, at quite an expense and lots of trouble,
eventually carried out. The Legislature
kindly extended to the immigrants protec-
tion for a number of years, and now through-
out the length and breadth of the Willamette
Valley there are thousands of these tine game
birds.

"Since then hundreds, perhaps thousands,
of these birds have been captured and sent to
different parts for the purpose of propagation.

"Providing food be obtainable, they are
able to endure very low temperature, and I
think I am s,afe in saying that the day is not
far distant when ring-necked pheasant shoot
ing may be had in many of these United
States." — "The Mongolian Pheasant in Ore-
gon." in Outing for September.

SUBSCRIBE

DO VOL)
WISH TO

For any of the Magazines listed below? If
you do, send me the regular subscription
price given and I will allow you either of tne
Photos, from Nature, Free.

Photo. No. 1 is a neat amateur photo. 4x5
inches, taken in swamp, of the nest of the
Tule Wren.

Photo No. 3, is a neat amateur photo, taken
in Eucalyptus Grove, showing the way the
bark peels down, and the favorite nesting site
of the House Finch

The Osprey $1 00

The Nautilus 1 00

Knowledge, published in England 2 00

The Museum 50

Popular Science News 1 60

W. H. HILLER,

J 147 W. 23d St., Los Angeles, Calif.

Florida Land and Fresh Water

Shells. Also Centipedes, Scorpions, Crabs,
etc. in alcohol at a bargain. Address with
stamp.

O. BRYANT,

Longwood, Florida

When ansivcrmg advertisements al-
ways mention THE MUSEUM.

VOL. IV.

NO. 12.

OCTOBER, 1898.

U(ELJ?l

A Journal Devoted to Research in Natural Science

RA TES: — jO els. per year to all countries, in advance. Single numbers, 5 cts.-

Published on the 1 5th of each month by Museum Publishing Co., Albion, N. Y.

THE MUSEUM.

Birds Eggs at Greatly Reduced Prices.

We this month offer a fine list of strictly first-class eggs. All side blown and perfect every
way. Make up your order at once as of many kinds we only have one or two specimens. Note the

DISCOUNTS.

For $1 you may select eggs to value
(I .1 {1 i« li i< ti It

" 3

" 5

" 7*

" lO

" 15

" 20
" 25

AH sent prepaid on receipt of

Horned Grebe » £0

Earefl " 15

Black Guillemot HO

Murre 30

Calif. iMurre 30

Razor-blUea Auk 30

Western Gull 30

Herring Gull 35

American Herring Gull 25

Calif. Giill 35

Ring-billed Gull 30

Koyal Tern 40

Cabot's Tern 50

Common Tern... 08

Arctic Tern 10

Sooty Tern 25

Noddy Tern 50

Fulmar 75

Leach's Petrel 20

Parralone Cormorant 50

Blue-winged Teal 20

Shoveler 60

Pintail 50

Redhead 40

American Flammgo 1 50

White Ibis - 35

Least Bittern 20

Snowy Heron 15

Louisiana Her''n 15

Little Blue Heron 15

B. C. Night Heron $ 15

King Rail 20

Virginia Rail 20

Sora Rail 10

Florida Galllnule 10

American Oystercatcher 1 OO

American Coot 10

Lapwing 15

Spotted Sandpiper 15

Killdeer 2il

Bobwhite 10

Black-necked Stilt 50

Prairie Hen 20

Chachalaca 50

Red-billed Pigeon 1 00

Mourning Dove 05

White-fronted Dove 35

White-winged Dove 20

Ground Dove 30

Mexican Ground Dove 50

Inca Dove _ 75

Groove-billed Anl 1 00

Turkey Vulture 75

Marsh Hawk 35

Sharp-shinned Hawk 1 00

Cooper's Hawk 3.?

Harris' Hawk 60

Red-tailed Hawk 50

Western Red-tailed Hawk 60

Red shouldered Hawk 35

Swainson's Hawk 50

Ferrug. Rough-leg 2 50

Golden Eagle 9 00

Sparrow Hawk 1 00

Barred Owl 20

Screech Owl 60

Short-eared Owl 1 50

Road Runner 25

Yellow-billed Cuckoo _ 10

Black-hilled Cuckoo 12

Bolted Kingfisher 8)

Hairy Woodpecker 60

Downy Woodpecker 25

of $ 1.50.

" 4 00.

" 7 00.

" M-SO-

" 17-50.

" 25.00.

" 37-50-

" 57-00-

" 7500-

price.

Baird's Woodpecker 1 00

Nuttall's Woodpecker 1 00

Williamson's Sapsucker 1 00

Red-headed Woodpecker 08

California '• 40

Gold-fronted " 50

Flicker 05

Red-shafted Flicker 10

Whip-poor-will 1 50

Scissor-talled Flycatcher _ 10

Kingbird 05

Mexican Crested Flycatcher... . 40

Phoebe 05

Traill's Flycatcher 15

Least Flycatcher 16

Prairie Horned Lark 15

American Magpie 15

Blue Jay _ 05

California Jay SO

American Crow 05

Florida Crow 35

Northwest Crow 35

Bobolink 25

Cowblrd 05

Dwarf Cowblrd 10

Bronzed Cowblrd 40

Yellow-headed Blackbird 05

Red-winged " 05

Bicolored " 10

Ti'Icolored " 15

Meadow Lark 10

Mexican Meadow Lark 35

Western " Lark 10

Hooded Oriole .".0

Orchard Oriole OB

Baltimore Oriole 06

Bullock's Oriole 10

Purple Grackle 05

Bronzed Grackle 06

Florida Grackle Os

Great-tailed Grackle 15

Boat-tailed Grackle _ 15

House Finch 05

American Goldfinch fS

Arkansas " 10

Lawrence " 20

Chestnut-collared Longspur. . . 35
McCowan's " ... 1 00

Vesper Sparrow ft5

Western Vesper Sparrow 10

Savanna " 10

Sharp-tailed " 35

Seaside " 20

Lark " 05

Western Lark " 05

Tree " (Eup) 10

Chipping " 05

Western Chipping " 10

Field " 05

Black throated " 35

Bell's •' 75

Song " 06

Herrman's Song " 10

Rusty Song " 40

Swamp " 12

Towhee 10

Spurred Towhee 25

California Towhee 10

Abert s Towhee 75

Cardinal 05

Gray tailed Cardinal 50

Texan Cardinal 35

Rose-breasted Grosbeak 10

Black-headed Grosbeak

Pine Grosbeak

Indigo Bunting

Texas Nightliawk

Grassqult

Lark Bunting

Scarlet Tanager

Summer Tanager

Purple Martin

Cliff Swallow

Bam "

Bank "

Tree "

Cedar Waxwlng

Loggerhead Shrike

Whlte-rumped Shrike

Red-eyed Vlreo

Warbling Viveo

White-eyed Vlreo

Bell's Vireo

Hooded Warbler

Yellow "

Cerulean "

Mourning "

Chestnut-sided Warbler

Oven Bird

Louisiana Water Thrush

Maryland YellowThroat

Western " "

Yellow- breasted Chat

Long-tailed Chat

American Redstart

Mockingbird .,

Catbird

Brown Trasher

Sennett's Thrasher

Curve-billed Thrasher

California Thrasher

Ci.rolina Wren

Baird's "

Cactus "

House " „

Parkman's "

Western House Wren

Long-billed Marsh Wren

Br wn-heaaed Nuthatch

Chickadee

Tutted Titmouse

California Bush Tit

Gold crested Kinglet (Eup)..

Blue gray Gnatcatcher

Wood Thrush

Wilson's Thrush

Russet-backed Thrush

Hermit Thrush...

American Robin

Bluebiid

FOREIGN EGGS.

15

1 25

08

60

1 ro

25
25
25
13
05
05
0.>
15
10
. 08
08
10
16
15
15
60
. 05
. 1 75

2 00
15
20

. 50
12
25

. 08
18
15
05

. rs

. 05
- l.-i .

15
. 20
10
25
25
05
J5
15
05
25
VI
35
25
50
20
,. 06
12
15
. 30
. 05
05

All numbered as per this list.

29 Montague's Harrier

311 Tawny Owl

31 Eagle Owl

46 Wood Chat Shrike

46 Spotted Flycatcher

65 Song Thrush

.59 Blackbird

65 Robin

69 Redstart

"4 Black-throated Wheatear..
Cont.nned on 3d Cover Page.

50
60
2 00
10
10
05
05
10
10
40

THE MUSEUM.

WANTS, EXCHANGES ANI) EOR SALES.

All imtiies that I'onie iituler above will be inserted in this department until further notice
at one (1) cent a word. No notice less than 25c. Terms Cash with rrder. No charge for
aMrcss. I shall at all times endeavor to keep parties, whose reputation is of a doubtful char-
.ictor from using these columns.

FOK KXCHANGE:-Land, fresh water and
marine shells. For species not in my collec-
tion. Send lists ai:d receive mine. CHAS.
S. HODGSON, Albion, Ills.

~W I i7l exchange fossils. Niagara
Group. Western New Yoik. for fossils and
other group New York State, Ohio, or In-
diana Correspondence soliciteil. G. T. Mc-
COMB, 367 Hii?h St . L xkport, N. Y.

FOR EXCHANGE:-Fine dried plants,
(Herbatiuui .specimens) callected near Chica-
go, 111. during the last few years, for bird's
eges in sets or gond bird skins. W. C. OH-
LENDORF, M D., (!I7 B'.ue Island Ave , Chi-
cago, 111.

IJIRD SKINS to the value of $1.25 catalogue
price will he accepted iu exchange for one
package of K. iV: P. Preservative and Taxider-
my Made Kasy. Oiler good until Jan 1, 1899.
KERR & PERHAM, Blencoe, Iowa.

BARGAIN:— One modern glass aquarium
(cipacity I.t gallon), skins and books, in ex-
change for Camera. Gun, etc. Write stating
what von got. All letters answered. WM.J.
CAMI'BKLL, Fernwood. Marathan Co., Wis.

SEND lOe for our Price List and Hand
Book and you may deduct the amount from
vour lirst order amounting to $1.10 KEKR
iV: PERHAM. Blencoe, Iowa.

LOOK HERE:-Have you a Colt's Revol-
ver and Tent, Gun, High Grade Camera, Bin-
ocular Telescope, or a well bred, thoroughly
trained Bird Dog to exchange for 220 sets of
eggs, representing 120 species of N. A. Birds.
If so, write to. J. P. FEAGLER, Waterloo,
Ind.

IF YOU are in'ere.'Sted in minerals ae' i me
your name and receive mv mon'h'v biili. lina.
They contain m:ny gjjd thi i.;-) and desci ibe
each individual specimen. CHAS. S. CHKV-
RIER. Trenton. N. J.

FOR SALE:— Fine set of Birds Eggs with
Nests and full data, fine Nests of Hawks anil
Crows with Eggs, High Pester Btdstead over
100 years old. brass ornaments ou posts (very
tine); (irandfather's tall clock, brass dial and
works (tiae time keeper), a choiea and desir-
able relic; Fine Cherry Table; Spanish Money;
2 and ') Pesetas (silver), 2.'i Pesetas (gold), from
the Infanti Maria Teresa, one ol Admiral
Cervera's ship<. sunk at Santiago, Cuba.
CHAS H WILLIAMS. Box 100, Winchester
Center, Conn.

SCHOOL COLLECTIONS!— W'e recently
sold a line of our $2.'). CO School Collections to
the Newark ^'alley. N. Y., High School. An
'.'.nsolieitcd letter from the principal says:
"I desire to say that we are well pleased with
the cabinet we iHirchased from you. It was
accepted and ) ighly praised by the Univer-
sity of New Yo. k by its representative sent
to inspect our school. Whenever you desire
to refer to me please do so." J. S. KINGS-
l.RY, Ph. B,. Principal High School, Newark
Valley, N. Y.

WANTED;— Skins of Sage Grouse, cash or
ex ,'hange for northern birds, state (rice and
ccndition Apply to OLIVER SPANNER &
CO., 358 Yonge St., Toronto, Canada.

W ANTED: -Systematic Conchology by G.
W. Tyrou. Plain edition. Three volumes
bound in one. State condition and price.
Address CHAS S. HODGSON, Albion, Ills.

MUSEUMS:— A complete file of Volumes
one. two and three, 36 numbers in all, will be
sent prepaid to any part of the U. S.. Canada
or Mexico for $3. Order now while we have
complete files to offer. We will also exchange
for good books on Ornithology. W. F. WEBB
Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

WANTED:— The following back numbers
of the MusEiJi: October. ISOO; November,
1890 and February, 1895. For any of above
numbers we will give any two other numbers
or pay 10 cents each cash. W. F. WEBB,
Mgr.. Albion, N. Y.

THE OSPREi' one year to neio subscribers
not on Osprey's books and one package of
K. >Sr P. preservative together with full in-
stri. tions, Taxi'lermy made easy for •'?1 15.
Thi.-- ffer good until "January 1st. KERR &
PERHAM, Sani]vvich, Ills.

NOTICE:— 1 would be pleased to corres-
pond with anv'ue who can collect a large
number of gooil curios for me within the next
8 or 9 months ii exchange for same from this
locality. W. II. HILLER. 1-17 W, 23d St.,
Los Angeles, Ci.lif. OtSept

EXCHANGE ADS. FREE— Any reader of
the Mr.-^L'EM who will sind 25 cents and an
addressed and stamped envelope, to Popular
Hcienct, lOs Fulton St., New York, for a three
months tri.'.l subscription, will be presented
with a Fifty Cent want advertising coupon.
Sample copies free. See additional i)articu-
lars ou adv. in this issne.

178

THE MUSEUM.

INDIAN RELICS FUR SALEt-Several
small collections, potter3', ceremonials, ar-
rows by the 100 Correspondeuoi solicited.
Will buy authentic specimens in flint, slate
and stone. DR W. O. EMORY, Crawfords-
ville, Inil 2tsep

WANTED: -Fossil Fish, Trilobites and
Criuoids. Write me what you ba". o with
prices. G. T. McCOMBE, 3G7 High Street,
Lock port, N. Y.

CAPEN'S OOLOGY of New England, good
copy, not soiled. Price on applicatiyn. W.
F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

AUKS: -We have vols. 1, 2, 3. 4 and .5, U
each; vols. 10, 11, 12 and 13, $2 each. Pre-
paid W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

FERRETS, FERRETS, FERRE IS.— Twen-
ty-live young dark ferrets for sale. Order
before prices increase or stock decreases. S.
H. DAVIS, Lansing, Mich. 2iO

WANTED. — I want to exchange some an-
telope heads, mounted or unmounted, bird
skins. Ideal breech loader, etc., for good
books on taxidermy or natural histnrv, or
will pay cash if cheap. BERT R BEYMER,
Rocky F"ord, Colo.

INDIAN RELICS.— Nice Peace Pipes, $1 50
each net; Hair Bridle Reins, $1; best all bead-
ed Moccasins. $150; cheaper, $1; Boys all
Beaded Vest, $1; Indian Medicine Bag, (i great
mirio. made from an entire young antelope
skin and beaded, $5; pair hair Armlets, tine,
$1.50; elegant Beaded War Clubs, $175; Elk
Teeth perforated for charms, 40c. W. F.
WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

WANTED:- Copies Vol. I and II Bendire's
Life Histories, for cash or exchange W. F.
WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

WILL SELL CHEAP or exchange for first
class minerals a Meyer F'lute, list price $44;
ivory head, German silver keys, A tirst class
instrument. CHARLES S. CHEVRIER, P.
O. box 579, Trenton, N. J.

N0TICE:-I have Vols. 13, 14 and 7 num-
bers of Vol. 15 of the Oologist. I also have
Vol. 3 and G numbers of Vol, 4 of the Mu-
seum. I will exchange the above for 0 Flor-
ida chameleons. Anyone having same will
please write before sending. All letters an-
swered. FRED JOHNSON, box 255, Port-
age, Wis,

TO EACHANGE.— Poultry, stamp and sci-
entific papers to exchange for stamps, min-
erals, curios or specinaens. H, HIXON,
Wasliington, Pa.

MARINE SPECIMENS in formalin, just as
taken from ocean. Jar of Marine Algea
ready to float, many kinds, enough for 50
cards, $1; Starfish, 15c each; Urchins, 20c;
Crabs, several species, 15c each; Big Horse
Shoe Crabs, weigh 10 or 15 lbs, $1; Large
Fish, called "Flying Robin or Grunter," $1;
Toad Fish, $1; Salt Water Eel, 40c; Helix in-
flated, 10c and a large list of other specimens,
W. F. WT.BB, Mgr., Albion. N. Y.

IF YOU WISH to advertise in magazines
devoted to Natural Science or wish to run
any Exchange Ads. write me first, it will pay
you. W. H. HJLLER, 147 W. 23d St., Los
Angeles, Calif.

CALIF. CONDAR SKIN tuThimTir^^
skin for sale. Collectors wanting such apoly
for price. W. F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N.'Y.

FOR SALE:— Fine sets of Birds Eggs with
nests and full data. Fine nests of Hawks and
Crows, Indian War Clubs. Indian Bows, Con-
federate Saber (from Bull Run battle), High
Poster Bedstead over 100 years old. bra-is or-
naments on posts (>'ery fine). Fine Cabinet
specimens of Asbestos (speeulai) Magnetic
Iron Ore and Crystallized Breccia, Warming
Pans. Fine Colonial Tray, 24i by IS inches
(tropical scenery). Other relics. Prices on
application. CHAS. H WILLIAMS. Box
100, Winchester Centre, Conn.

' SPECIMENS, BOOKS, &c are frequently
wanted by collectors but they cannot always
spare cash down. Anything in our stock we
will sell on easy payments, a collector paying
in such amounts as he can easily spare.
Write us confidentally for anything jou want.
WALTER F. WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

THE CALIFORNIA CONDOR EGG we

advertised for sale Last month has been sold.
We have no more to offer now, but we have
an A 1 skin being mounted in a correct life-
like manner that we oft'er at a reasonable
price for cash or a deposit in cash and bal-
ance an easy payment to suit customers. W.
F. WEBB, Mgr , Albion, N. Y.

MINERALS, Opalized Wood showing fibers
of wood, 5 to 25cts; beautiful chalcedony from
coral beds, Tampa, Fla , 5cts. to $1 Ou. All
postpaid. CHARLES S. CHEVRIER, P. O.
box 571), Trenton, N.J.

CASH PAID for full A 1 sets of Hooded
Merganser or other rare ducks, Eagles, Calif
Vulture, Sharp-shinned Hawk, Luou, rarer
Hawks, itc. Also for skins of Grouse, Quail,
&c. Collectors who can furnish any kind of
Grouse or Quail by dozen. Write us Only
best of skins tolerated. W. F. WEBB, Mgr!,
Albion, N. Y.

ANCIENT FLINT AND STONE RELICS
are in constant demand by a certain class.
We have names of wealthy customers who
will pay immediate ca:-h for really tine per-
fect specimens of the rarer forms and many
common ones. If you have such you want to
turn into cash write about it at once. W. F.
WEBB, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

H W. KELRR,

BREEDER AND SHIPPER,

Fancy and Marketable Hares, Belguim,
Flemish Giants, Angora, Etc.

Write for prices.
BIaEINCOE. IOWA.

THE MUSEUM

A Monthly Magazine Devoted to Research in Natural Science.

Vol. IV.

ALBION. N. Y., OCTOBER 15, 1898.

No. 12

Pleasures of Entomology, and
Some Sugiieslions to Be-
ginners.

BV BENJ. O. P. KITTLEM.AN.
SUGGESTIONS TO BEGINNERS.

Perhaps the most enjoyable part of
entomology is the collectinfj. With a
net over his shoulder and his pockets
filled with boxes and vials the "bug-
hunter" goes forth bringing back many
a treasure in the shape of a rare beetle
or butterfly to be examined later at
his study window.

A beginner will no doubt be very
much "at sea" when it comes to start-
ing a collection. The great number
of tools and apparatus he is advised
to get that are "quite handy" makes
it very perplexing. An amateur has
no need of expensive and complicated
apparatus and will find that all "new
fangled" appliances can be discarded,
one by one, and he will soon learn to
get along very well with a very few
tools and simple ones at that — tools
you can in most cases make yourself.

In all my experience, and I am but
an amateur as I presume the majority
of my readers will be, I have gotten
along with but few. Of these a net,
a few wide mouthed bottles, a cork-
lined box or two, some insect pins of
assorted si/es, a small pair of spring
forceps, a spreading-board and a cab-
inet of some kind in which to keep
your specimens are all the tools or
outfit you need. .Vn outfit simple and
inexpensive.

I have found a common thread-case
with close-fitting cork-lined drawers
to answer the purpose admirably.
This cork comes in sheets measuring
I2x4x^ inches and can be cheaply
purchased at any naturalists' supply
house. It should be glued to the bot-

tom of the cabinet drawer?, with a few
brads to hold it in place ami the w'hole
covered with white paper.

The net spoken of above is neces-
sary for all kinds of tlying insects or
for holding under a bush while shak-
ing it or beating it with a stick. The
loop is made of heavy iron-wire and
should be at least twelve inches in di-
ameter. The ends of the hoop-wire
should be soldered into a ferule which
fits tightly into that at the end of your
net handle. The handle should be
about f Mir feet long, of any wood you
like, tht- straighter the better. I use
the 1 ■ u-end of a common, light, wil-
low, jointed fishing pole for the han-
dle of ni\' net and I would not ex-
change ic lor the best net you could
buy at any Natural History store.
Green mosquito-bar does nicely for a
net. The bag should be at least eigh-
teen inches deep and have a narrow
cloth welting sewed around the top
and then it will not tear off from the
hoop so easily. If you so desire the
hoop can be soldered directly into the
ferule at the end of your handle and
you will have your net in one piece,
but personally I prefer the jointed ar-
rangement.

The vials are used for killing pur-
poses or as receptacles in which to car-
ry home your treasures. When used
for this latter purpose they should be
two-thirds full of alcohol. Or, after
killing your specimen you can pin it
to the bottom of the cork-lined col-
lecting box, being careful not to spoil
a specimen by breaking off a leg or
scraping off some of the scales on a
butterfly's wing.

Insect pins can be obtained very
cheaply of The Walter F. Webb Co. ,
or any dealer in supplies for the nat-
uralist. There are several varieties.

[8o

THE MUSEUM.

the bright pini being as good as the
Japanned which are said not to rust;
but if you have jour specimen thor-
oughly dried I do not think there is
any danger of the bright pins rufting.
Leastwise that has been my exper-
ience. They are of various sizes.
The smallest pin should be used that
will safely hold the specimen without
bending.

The spreading-board is used for
holding your specimen while drying.
The wings are confined in the position
desired by narrow strips of paper.
The legs, when it is desired to have
them spread out, are held by pins
crossing over the leg. The pins are
thrust into a narrow strip of cork laid
along the middle of the groove in your
spreading-board.

If you are intending to become a
student of entcmiology and learn of the
the structure of the little creatures
(and tell me who would be content to
only collect them without study?)
there are some other tools you will
find almost essential. Among these
are a good microscope or magnifying
glass, a few needles in wood handles,
a small scalpel — a penknife will do —
and a guide to the study, of which
there are many good ones now in
print. There are many good books
you can get all the way from 35 cents
to $4.50. The books of Comstock,
Packard, Weed are excellent. Often-
times you can get Government Re-
ports and monographs free of charge,
simply for the asking. The various
state experiment station bulletins have
good articles in them and may be got-
ten by applying for them to the di-
rector in charge of the station.

The great question which will
front the amateur is what is the
and most humane way
insect and still in a way that will do
the least damage and leave the speci-
men in the best condition for mount-
ing. There are several methods now
in use although every entomologist
has his own favorite method. About
the best way is with what is known as

con-
best
of killing an

the cyanide bottle. To make one of
these you procure a rather short bot-
tle with as wide a mouth as possible.
Then get several lumps of potassium
cyanide and break them up about the
size of a hickory nut or smaller and
lay them evenly upon the boltom of
the bottle. Plaster Paris about the
constituency of thick cream should then
be poured in until the cyanide is just
evenly covered and the plaster allowed
to set. The bottle should be plainly
labeled and always kept tightly corked
as the fumes are a deadly poison.
This makes a very quick way of kill-
ing and it is very simple and conven-
ient. For the smaller insects a drop
of chloroform, ether or benzine is as
good as anything. I generally carry a
small vial of chloroform with a small
camel's hair brush inserted in the cork
with me on my tramps. A drop is all
you need for an ordinary sized insect.

Your specimen should be pinned
and dried as soon after killing as is
convenient as it is liable to become
dry and stiff and give you trouble.
The time occupied in drying varies.
It generally takes from ten days to
two weeks to properly prepare it for
the cabinet. The dryer it is the bet-
ter specimen it makes in the long run.
Should you not be ready to mount the
specimen you may keep it indefinitely
in alcohol. The Lepidoptera cannot
be successfully kept in alcohol as a
great number of that order are furred,
particularly the moths, and when put
in a solution the little hairs all cling
together and make a sorry looking ob-
ject out of your "rarity." But for
Coleoptera, Hemiptera, some of the
Hymenoptera and Orthoptera the fol-
lowing formula; of Batty can be used
with success:

Alcohol 2 oz

Water 2 oz

Corrosive sublimate | oz

To this formuke I generally add a
small amount of glycerine.

It would be out of place in an ar-
ticle such as I have tried to make this
to say anything as to the characterist-

THE MUSEUM.

i8i

ics of insects or tlieir structure. I
have refraineil from doing so, as there
are so many good books now publish-
ed that will give you so much more
information than I could in the space
at my disposal. I will only say in
closing that there is a large tield open
for anyone who sees fit to work. The
science is advancing year by year and
one by one the schools and colleges
are placing it in their curricula until
there is now hardly a state in the
Union which has not her experiment
station, where the entomologist comes
very near reigning supreme. Of the
delights of entomology it is not neces-
sary to dwell at length upon more
than I have already. Anyone will tell
you who has dabbled in it that there
is much learning and great pleasure to
be derived from an intelligent study of
it.

It is not recjuired of you to take
long trips away from town or your
business. Observe the glories of your
own back yard. There is as much
more to be learned in the city limits
as is now already known. Remember
what Gilbert White of Selborne said,
"That locality is the richest that is
the most observed."

Perhaps the "bugs" will be disgust-
ing to you at first, but stick to it and
I will guarantee you will come to ad-
mire them for their beauty, graceful
forms and wonderful transformations
and last but not least, for their intel-
ligence. Become as eager to get a
new specimen as a "camera fiend" is
to get a new picture, which is certain-
ly saying a good deal.

"Go to the ant, thou sluggard; ob-
serve its wass and be wise."

A Pleasure Trip on the Atlantic
Goast.

On July i6th last, the writer started
on a pleasure trip to the Beach of the
Atlantic. Although at various times
during the past ten years, we had
caught merely a glimpse of salt water,
it had never been our privilege to stop
more than a few hours at the seaside.

ami we started out on this trip with
high hopes of a good time which were
eventually fully realized.

Our ticket read via New York Cen-
tral the great four track road to Al-
bany, thence by Boston and Albany
R. R. to South Framingham. Here
we were to change cars and go south
to New [Bedford, where the steamer
would be in waiting to take us along
the coast, stopping at Wood's Holl,
and thence to Cottage City, and Ed-
gartown on Martha's Vineyard Island

Leaving home at lo p. m. we ar-
ri\ed in Albany just as the electric
lights begin to grow dim, with the
faint streaks of morning. As we look
out of the sleeper window to the east
we see what appear to be stars shin-
ing out brightly in the heavens, but
before we leave Albany we discover
they are really electric lights on the
very top of the distant hills We have
now left the beautiful level country of
the Mohawk \'alley, and for some
hours will ride through as hilly a coun-
try as one would wish to see. Leav-
ing Albany about 4 a. m. it has begun
to grow light and a fine view of the
country is enjoyed until we get to our
ne.\t stop at Pittsfield. It is now fully
light and everybody is astir. The
mammoth chimneys are rolling forth
their black smoke ready for the busi-
ness of another day.

Leaving Pittsfield the ride to Spring-
field, the capital of the state, is
through one succession of hills. And
such hills! One can scarcely see the
top. Some are covered with foresr,
others hava a sprinkling of grass.
Now and then one sees a tiny house
down in the valley, apparently lost
among the mammoth piles of dirt and
rock, which nature has left here in
such utter profusion. The road-bed
we arc traveling over is very smooth
and firm, being in many places solid
rock. The track is necessarily very
crooked, and occasionally the i)nilders
were obliged to cut through a hill, be-
ing unable to go around it easily.
As we wind around among the hills,

182

THE MUSEUM.

we pass rapidly through.small settle-
ments, and we are led to wonder how
the people ever eke out a living, as
the soil, what little there is, is too
stony and hilly to be cultivated. On
inquiry we find that we are now in the
midst of the great manufacturing belt
of Massachusetts and that the people
mostly work in factories, many having
worked in them their entire lives

Leaving Springfield our train stops
a few moments at the thriving city of
Worcester, a place where almost every-
thing under the sun is manufactured.
It would be hard for a party to men-
tion a single article of commerce, at
least some part of which is not manu-
factured in this city. The immense
number of tall chimneys testifies to its
thriving business.

Arriving at South Framingham on
Sunday morning^e find as we expected
when we left home, that we cannot make
connections until the next morning, so
we take a car, and head towards Bos-
ton. As we have plenty of time, and
prefer to view the pleasant scenery of
the next 25 miles at leisure, we enjoy
the electric cars in preference to the
rRilroad.

We are over two hours covering the
• ii.siance, but it only seems like a few
iiiiiuites for we are passing through
the most beautiful parts of old Masse-
chusetts. We pass through Natick,
Wellesley and almost a score of small
villages, all of which show vast wealth
especially as we roll along through
Newton. West Newton and near-by
suburbs. At last we are in sight of
historic old Boston, all clothed in its
Sunday attire. We come into the
city in one of its most beautiful parts
but as we near the more business
.poiiion, the streets narrow down until
we reach the now noted sub-way,
where the cars go under ground for
several blocks. We get out at the
park station. But time will not per-
mit a description of our wanderings all
that day. Visits were made to some
of our Boston friends and new ac-
quaintances made as well as old ones

renewed.

The next morning we are up bright
and early and headed for the South
Coast, New Bedford. We arrive
there between 8 and 9 and find the
large and commodious steamer at the
pier. Soon we are heading out into
the mammoth harbor of New Bedford.
We do not wonder now that the sail-
ors of olden times found this a grand
place to keep their boats and that it
was one of the greatest whaling ports
in the world in fts time. The harbor
is very large and furnishes accommo-
dations for hundreds of boats of all
sizes, where they will be perfectly safe
from the awful tempests of the ocean
In a short time we are out in the
broad waters of Buzzard's Bay. We
pass entirely through the bay, and as
we approach the harbor of Wood's
Holl, we skirt through a narrow chan-
nel close to the beach. This channel
is a narrow strip of water between a
long row of outer islands and the main
coast of the Cape. The tide runs
very swift here, and sail boats fre-
quently have a hard job passing
through it. At Wood's Holl we stop
off for a day and examine the Fish
Commission collections. Many of the
specimens we were informed by our
friend, Mr. Edwards, who has been
with the Commission some 28 jears,
were then at the Omaha Exposition.
Still there were plenty remaining to oc-
cupy such time as we had to spare.
Outside the buildings, on the ocean side,
is a mammoth pen built in the dock,
so that sea water can run through it-
Whenever an unusually large catch of
fish is made, more than can be used
in the Biological Laboratory, they are
put in this pen and kept alive. Only
a short time before our arrival in one
night they caught .ten sharks, and a
large number of dog fish, sting ray,
and other large specimens. Many of
these were in the tank. While looking
them over four students came out to
"lasso" a shark, which they needed
for use. Needless to say they were
not quick enough to throw a noose

THE MUSEUM.

^^i

over his head, but eventually, after
several hard tussles, brought him out
of the water with large boat hooks.
He put up a hard light, but had to
succumb for the aid of science.

While watching a party of men re-
moving the fry from a lot of fish that
had just been brought into the dock,
we noticed some small black objects
sticking to the heavy planks of the
pier. They were covered with spines,
which were moving about, raising and
lowering, as the water moved through.
Here indeed was our first living Sea
Urchin. Although having handled
many hundreds from all parts of the
workl, this was the first ever seen
alive in its native haunts. The temp-
tation was too great. We had to have
him and several of his brothers and
sisters in the vicinity.

To be continued

A Brief History of the Gathering:

of Fresh Water Pearls in the

United States.

I'.Y GEORGIA F. KUNZ.
PEARL-HUNTING AS A PROFESSION.

As to the principal occupations of
the pearl-hunters, or pearlers as they
are called, this was answered by sixty-
four (Qtj\) papers. Of these thirteen
13, say merely that their occupations
are various, or that people of all call-
inSs are included. The remaining fif-
ty-one ^51; papers state more or less
definitely, as follows: Farmers and
farmhands, 231 ; laborers, 12; fisher-
men, 8, and as making pearl-hunting
a regular business, 7. Three papers
speak of loafers, and one or two of
each specified as follows: Stockmen,
hunters, trappers, tradesmen, rousta-
bouts, boys and hegroes, and the
Maryland papers mention oystermen.
The term "laborers" as used in
those answers probably means, in
most cases, farm laborers, as stated in
a few instances, and the indication is
that two-thirds of the pearl-hunting is
done by agricultural people who search
the streams when not otherwise occu-

pied—"in off times," as two or three
of the papers say. Fishermen are
naturally much in preponderance, as
they gather the shells for bait.

METHODS OF EXTRACTING PEARLS.

The in(]uiry as to the mode of ex-
tracting the pearls when found receiv-
ed seventy-two (72) answers. A large
proportion of these are general, mere-
ly saying "by hand," "with the fin-
gers," etc., but about one-third give
more or less description of the process.
When the shell has been opened, the
pearls, if loose and near the edge may
be readily seen, and sometimes even
drop out. These are, of course, eas-
ily taken ont with the thumb and fin-
ger, or if small, with tweezers or on
the point of a knife. If more embed-
ded in the mantle and gills, they are
detected by feeling for them, passiffg
or rubbing the thumb or finger along
and around each valve and about the
region of the hinge. The pearls may
then be pressed or squeezed out "like
the seed of a cherry," but if attached
to the shell, must be removed with a
pair of nippers. Care is required in
opening, not to scratch or injure the
pearl. A very few describe different
methods; thus one Arkansas pearler
speaks of breaking the shells, and a
Florida pearler tells of piling the mus-
sels in a dry place to decay, the Ori-
ental method of opening the true pearl
oyster, and finding the pearls in the
emptied shells later. This method is
evidently only practicable where little
or no "pearl-hunting" is generally
carried on, and the pile of shells would
not be liable to inspection and .search
by other parties than the original gath-
erers.

TREATMENT OF PEARLS WHEN FOUND.

Concerning the treatment of pearls
when found, definite answers were re-
ceived to fifty-two papers, which in
some respects show considerable di-
versity of usage. The pearls are first
thoroughly washed to remove all ad-
hering animal matter, and two papers

1 84

THE MUSEUM.

speak of using alcohol to complete the
cleansing. After this the essential
point in keeping or carrying them is
to prevent injury to the surface from
friction, and the majority of those
who describe what is done, tell of
wrapping in cotton (14), or soft paper
(7), cloth, flannel or silk; several
speak of drying them, or keeping them
dry. But others would keep them in
a liquid — six specifying a bottle of wa-
ter, and one sweet oil or coal oil.
Several speak of putting them into a
bottle, but with no accounts of its
contents, or whether even dry, though
Indiana No. i mentions cotton in a
bottle, and hence in the cases just re-
ferred to, it is impossible to judge
what is the probable meaning. Two
papers mention keeping pearls in
starch, and one "in Irish potato."
The effect of sunlight is curiously al-
luded to by two papers, the former
stating that the pearls should be kept
from it, and the latter that they should
be kept in it.

Six Tenessee papers make interest-
ing reference to "peeling" dull and
unpromising pearls, merely by saying
that this is sometimes done "with a
sharp knife," and a nice pearl is ob-
tained thereby. Alcohol, whiting,
chamois, leather, etc. , -are mentioned,
as employed, to produce a good sur-
face of lustre. Two other papers al-
lude to polishing or cleaning pearls,
one specifying that it is done "with
Irish potato." Two papers say noth-
ing under this head of treatment, save
that there is no way to improve na-
ture.

{To In- continued.)

Exploring Coral Reefs.

An interesting preliminary report
of the scientific investigations by the
Agassiz expedition in the Fiji Islands
has just been brought to Sydney, New
South Wales, and from there to San
Francisco. The report was written
by Prof. E. C. Andrews, who led the
expedition. It states that the pro-

gress of baring through the resf at
Fannafuti i^ very rapid. The explor-
ers have secured several rare speci-
mens of coral. The most important
undertaking of the expedition in the
matter of Crater Lake exploration
was the trip of Profs. Sawyer and An-
drews to Tavinni and its crater lake,
2,800 feet above the sea level.
The start for the lake was made over
Razor Back, that led them 3,000 feet
above the sea, and from which height
they could get a fine view of the lake.
The ascent was made with the great-
est difficulty and much suffering on
their part. The tropical vegetation
to the edge of the crater was marvel-
ous in its density. The report says
that the growth was so dense that at
midday, while cutting paths toward
the summit, the sun was entirely ob-
scured, the effect being the same as in
a forest when the sun is down and its
refracted rays hav all but vanished.
In some parts it was pitch dark, and
their path had to be changed to places
which were less hampered by brush
and closely interwoven branches over-
head.

Passing through this belt into a less
wooded part of the mountain ihey
made their way through iiuiu holes
which brought them to the crater's
edge. From there to ihe level ul the
lake was a hard climb down the steep
hillside covered with decayed vegeta-
tion, A swamp lay between them and
the clear water. The two professors
sank to their hips in thi; muck, and
the stench from the ground was al-
most overpowering. It was noon
when they landed o:: a piece of dry
ground at deep water. Thn lake it-
self is blue and clear, but sounding
lines failed to find bottom even when
600 feet of cord had been paid out.
Numerous specimens of great scientific
value were discovered.

The expedition next goes from Ta-
vinni to Mango, where there is a crat-
er whose rim is a raised coral reef.

THE MUSEUM.

185

iHi- .\ii;::d1-:^um.

\ Monthly Magazine devoted to Ornithology,

Oology, Mollusca, EchinoJermata,

Mineralogy and Allied

Sciences

Walter F. Webb, Editor and Manager
Albion N. Y.

Corn-.-^wmlence iiiij ltr;ris of loteri-tit on above top-
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W ..■ '. — xMcws from s;inv'. .liscivvorleK rol^itlve to the
: , . r.4 ami kei'iiiug o( N itiinil History material,
1. - 1 Iitlve habits of' varloiii species, are solicited
rr.'lli all.

Ma'.ie artlc'es a.s b:lef its |v><siol • antl as free from
teL-hiilcal tenus as the subjects »i|l allow. All letters
will be pr. iiupily a'!--'A*ei-.-.l

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.

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Unused U. S. Post-ige Stai;;ps of any denomination
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Sitter fd at Albion po»l-ojHcr ng tecondclaes mail matter

Grand Teton Ascended.

M.VNS FOOT I'L.ACEL) OS ITS PEAK lOR
THE FIRST TIME

Two rem uk:{l)lc feats in mountain
climbing have just Lcen accomplished.
In one c.T-c Mr?. C bum. wife of the
pa<t') 'I Trinity .\Ici!;odiit Episcopal
church in thi.-; city, was the first wo-
man to set foot on the t. p of Mount
Evans. Colorado In the other, the
ascent of thj Grand Teton, on the
border lino btlwetn Idaho and Wy-
omirg. often attempted unsuccessfully
and by mai.y thouj;!- 1 to be impossible,
was ace jmplished by a p irty made up
of the Rev. Frank S Spalding, for-
merl..' o( DvUVlt ai.d now of Erie,
Fa., a san of i)ish<.v,i J.jhii F. Spald-
iug of the di'JCeSk; of Colorado, \V. O.
Owen of Cheyenne. Wyo. . Frank S.
Peterson of Jackson, \\'yo . and John
Shive of Elk, Wyo The ascent was
exceedingly difficult and dangerous. It
was in one place over a ledge of inse-
i are reck overlooking a precipice with

a sheer drop of 3,000 feet that the
summit of the Grand Teton was
reached. The path in places was so
narrow that progress was made only
by seeking out with the lingers crev-
ices in which to secure a hold to drag
the body along. The ascent rivals
the most difficult feats of .\lpine climb-
ing. Crevasses, snowbanks, glaciers,
ice^great fields of it — precipices and
crumbling, falling granite, were all en-
countered.

The Grand Teton is the subject of
hundreds of legends among the In-
dians, and is still a mysterious temple
of the Great Spirit to them. It has
always been regarded as folly to at-
tempt to reach the summit and when
the Kocky Mountain Club's represent-
atives announced that they were going
to the top, the Idaho Falls Gazette
warned tiiem against the undertaking,
and advised them to give up a wild
scheme that was sure to result disas-
trously. But they persevered and con-
quered. The Rev. Mr. Spalding has
returned and gives a graphic account
of the adventure.

"The party left Denver Aug. 5, " he
said. "We reached .Market Lake,
Idaho, on Aug. 8. We secured a
team and rode to Jackson's Hole, a
two and one-half days' journey At
the Hole we took pack horses and
made twelve miles on the Teton route,
just inside the Wyoming line. Our
camp was pitched at timber line on
Aug. 10. The camp was right be-
neath Grand Teton, and it was a sight
that I shall never forget, when, early
in the morning of Aug. 1 1 ; we saw it
wreathed with clouds and sombre as if
rebuking us for daring to scale itr

"We started at 5 o'clock. We
went up something like 900 feet, and
being confronted by a wall of rock
went down again. Finally we made
the valley again and determined to
follow it up. We reached our first
glacier and found it to be three-fourths
of a mile across, solid ice, covered
with rocks and checkered with deep
crevasses. The glacier led to a snow-

186

THE MUSEUM

field 100 yards in width The snow
Was so soft that we had no difficnhy
in walking over it. Then we came to
another rise of rock, from 300 to 400
feet in length and at a steep angle.
The rock terminated in another snow
bank at an angle of 30 degrees. In
single file we began to climb this, each
stepping in the footstep of the man
in front of him. When we reached
the saddle, between the Middle Teton
and the Grand Teton, we lay down
and rested for a few minutes Re-
freshed we started up to the saddle
between the west spur and the main
peak, a point as far as anyone had
ever gone before. Mr. Owen found
the can he left there in 1891, marking
the highest point man had ascended.

"Ice was all around us. Our first
attempt to continue our journey was
up through an ice niche, but we dis-
covered there was no place to hold to.
We .were consequently forced to fol-
low a little gallery three feet wide up
to the north side. Naturally the
north side of any large and supposed-
ly inaccessible peak is thought to be
the hardest to climb. But the Mat-
terhorn, which I have climbed, is eas-
iest on the north side. So with the
Grand Teton. We decided to stick
to the north side, and cautiously made
our way along the gallery until the man
in front drew back with the remark
that it ended in a precipice that shot
down sheer 3,000 feet.

"Below the gallery and jutting out
from the wall of rock were two large
slabs, probably six feet in length,
which had been sprung from the main
wall by the action of the ice and rain.
Behind these, after lowering ourselves
to them, we crawled along a distance
of twenty feet which brought us to a
little ledge under an overhanging rock.
The ledge was so narrow that we were
compelled to crawl. We encouraged
each other by keeping up a natural
conversation, but it was with an im-
mense feeling of relief that we crossed
the ledge and came to a sort of niche
with a small overhanging rock.

"0\t r tli> we threw a ro(ie — an
action that ricjur d a C' " I bud steady
ner\e ami a 1 iietr\f. \\ f pulled f)ur-
selves up liiid i ut i \tr the 3.000 feet
below and continued on up the niche
about fift}- fett. It was so narrow
that we could use our feet, elbows
and knees. When we reached the
top we went L>n niioitei pallery for a
distance of nearl\' 2co feet toward
the west; then up to another ice niche;
in which we were forced to cut five
steps. It was sixty feet high and led
into a ledge. We followed a snow
ridge for 200 feet and then over the
sharp, jagged, eruptive rt.'cks, so no-
ticeable above timber line, and clam-
bered with a shout to the top. We
made it at 4 o'clock exactly. We had
been climbing fur nine hour.-.

"I never saw such a view in my
life. From the top you look down
and see four canons, the Fox, Teton
and two others, all over 5,000 feet
deep, leading in all directions from
the peak on which you are standing.
To the west you look down into Teton
basin as far as the eye can reach To
the north Jackson's Hole and the Yel-
lowstone Park bejond it can be des-
cried. Snake River winds down
through its valley.

"On the topmost rock we planted
the usual Hag of the Rocky Mountain
Club and in a copper box sunk in the
stone we inclosed a record of the
ascent.

"The descent was harder than the
ascent, because it was more risky.
We had to rope off four places as a
precautionary measure, although real-
ly there was only one place where it
was absolutely necessary."

The Rocky Mountain Club was or-
ganized in 1S96 for the purpose of ex-
ploring high and unknown mountains
and making the ascent possible. Any
man who has climbed 14,000 feet can
become a member.

Almost as notable, if less thrilling,
was the ascent of Mount Evans by the
Coburn party, of which Mrs. Coburn
was one of the most enthusiastic mem-

THE MUSEUM.

187

bers. Mount Evans is one of Colo-
rado's most noted mountains, a little
above 14,000 feet high, within plain
view of Denver and the central peak
is a stretch of mountain range 1 50
■miles in length to be seen from this
city. Mrs. Coburn finds her ascent a
pleasant reminiscence.

"It was one of the most romantic
e.xperiences of my life, ' said she.
"We walked fort}- miles during the
trip to the summit and back. The
guide said after it was all over that
had he told us how far it would be we
would never have had the courage to
try it. Then we spent one night at
timber line with neither blanket or
wrap. The reason was that the horse
had bsen left below with our blankets
and tent. The guide went back after
them, but a storm was brewing and
this made it dark so early that he did
not dare bring the horse up and the
things were foo heavy for him to carry
and walk. He did not get up till
seven o'clock the next morning. In
the meantime we made a big fire,
roasted potatoes, sang songs, told
stories and tried to keep awake. But
finally I could keep awake no longer
in spite of the cold. I law down by
the fire and went to sleep.

"We got in training for the big
climb by constant practice on the hills
about where we were stopping. We
climbed the three highest mountains
near and got so we could go fifteen
miles a day walking and climbing reg-
ularly before we attempted Mount
Evans. And I reached the summit
the first of the party I am certainly
proud of that. I noticed that the
hardest thing in mountain climbing is
the first half mile. There is a pro\erb
that 'the last step in a mile is the
longest.' But it isn't so in climbing.
If you can keep on till you get your
second wind, you will proceed with an
endurance that will surprise you. We
left the Rosalie ranch, four m.iles from
the base of the mountain, at 6 a. m.
We reached timber line at 5 p. m.
That was twelve miles in a straight

line, but a good deal longer the way
we walked it. We spent the night at
timber line and started at 8 the next
morning making the peak at noon.
It was enveloped in clouds, and we
encountered a fierce storm of wind,
rain and hail, with thunder and light-
ning all around us. We sheltered
ourselves as best we could under the
rocks and b' fore we left the peak were
rewarded by the clouds parting for
about fifteen minutes and giving us a
sight of the view we had come to see.
The climb was exceedingly rough and
rocky, and the trail was indistinguish-
able except by the guide, who knew
where it v\:;s. " — Tlic Mineral Collect-
or.

The Snake and the Rabbit.

KIT ATKINSON.

In riding over the plains of South
Texas as I am constantly doing, one
meets with many queer antics among
nature's animals. A few days since
while out with friend G. gathering cat-
tle, my friend says, "Listen, I hear a
noise as if a young rabbit was in
trouble." We stopped and presently
saw the old rabbit (a Cottontail) mak-
ing a line for the place where we heard
the noise. We rode up near enough
to observe what was going on and dis-
covered the old rabbit turning end
over end and repeating it as quick as
flash. She would bite at what we
thought was the snake and throw them
into the air and then bound for him.
We dispatched the snake and found it
had coiled itself around the young rab-
bit and scjueezed it so hard its little
eyes were bulging out of its head.
Apparently the old rabbit had grabbed
the young one each time and bit its
car nearly off, cut nearly all the flesh
off its hind legs and broken one bone
at the heel in her efforts to get away
from the snake. Mad she applied her
sharp teeth to the reptile, she would
probably have killed it. It was all
done quicker than it takes me to write

i88

THE MUSEUM.

it. The snake was what we call a
"chicken" snake.

I am greatly interested in the Mus-
eum and hope to hear frem many of
its readers through the columns.

Ledbetter, Texas.

List of Birds Collected at Alta
Mira, Mexico.

We have frequently had calls from
collectors going to Mexico asking us
what one would find in the bird line in
that country. We herewith present a
list of birds taken by F. B. Armstrong.
The list was prepared by Mr. C. W.
Richmond and is part of U. S. Na-
tional Museum proceedings. We give
the common names as well as the sci-
entific:

1. Crypturus mexicanus, Salvador!.

Mexican Tioamou.

2. Cochlearius zeledoni (Ridgway).

Central American Boat-bill.
Aramides albiventris Lawrence.

White throated Wood-hen.
Jacana spinosa fLinnseus).

Mexican Jacana.
Scardafella inca (Lesson).
Inca Dove.

6. Geranospiza nigra (Du Bus).

Black Frog Hawk

7. Micrastur melanoleucus (Vieillot).

Black and Buff Micrastur.

8. Urubitinga anthracina (Lichten-

stein).
Mexican Black Hawk.

9. Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda,

Ridgway.
Gray-tailed Hawk.
Falco albigularis, Daudin.

White-throated Falcon.
Falco fusco-CEerulescens, Vieill jt.

Aplomado Falcon.
Glaucidium phalccnoides, Daudin.

Ferrusjinous Pygmy Owl.
Amazona viridigenalis (Cassin).

Crimson-fronted Parrot.
Amazona autumnalis (Linnaeus).

Autumnal Parrot.
Conurus astec, Souance.
Aztec Parakeet.

3-

5-

10.

1 1.

13-

14-

15-

16.

17-
18.

19-
20
21.

Piaya

thermophila

23-

24.

25-

26.
27.

28.
29.

30.

3I.
32.
33.

34.
35'
36.
37.

cayana

(Sclater).
Central American Squirrel Cuckoo.
Coccyzus minor (Gmelin).

Mangrove Cuckoo.
Trogon ambiguus, Gould.
Coppery-tailed Trogon.
Trogon melanocephalus, Gould.

Black-headed Trogon.
Ceryle torquata fLinna;us).

Ringed Kingli.sher.
Campephilus guatemalensis (Hart-
laub).
Guatemalan Ivory-bill.
Ceophloeus scapularis (Vigors).

Uelattre's Woodpecker.
Chloronerpes aruginosus, Lich-
tenstein.
Mexican Green Woodpecker.
Chlorostilbon caniveti (Lesson).

Canivel's Emerald.
Piatypsaris aglaiae (Lafresnaye).

Rose throated Becard.
Titrya personata (Jardine).
Masked Titrya.
Tyrannus melancholicus couchi
(Baird).
Couch's Kingbird
Pitangus derbianus (Kaup).
Derby Flycatcher; Kiskadee
Myiozetetes texensis (Giraud).
Giraud's Flycatcher; Little Kiskadee.
Megarhynchus pitangua (Linnfeus).

Broad-billed Kiskadee,
Myiarchus lawrenceii (Giraud)

Lawrence's Flycatcher.
Ornithion imberbe (Sclater).

Beardless Flycatcher.
Thamnophilus dolialus Mexicanus.
(Allen).
Mexican Ant Thrush.
Dendrornis flavigastsr (Swainson).

Ivory-billed Wocdhewer.
Psilcrhinus morio (Wagler.)

Brown Jay.
Corvus Mexicanus, Gmelin.

Mexican Crow.
Gymnostinops montezuma
son).
Montezuma Yellow-tail

(Les-

THE MUSEUM

189

38. Ambljcercus holosericciis (Lich-

tenstein\
Plnatatioii Cassiquo.

39. Icterus gularis ( Wagler).

Lesson's Oriole.

40. Spinus psaltria Mexicanus (Swain-

Son.)
Mexicau Goldlinch.

41. Passernia parellina (Bonaparte).

Blue Bunting.

42. Euetheia olivacea pusilla (Swain-

son).
Mexican Gnissquit.

43. Pitylus celaino (hichtenstein).

Mexican Pitylus.

44. Saltator atriceps, Lesson.

Black-headed Saltator.

45. Saltator grandis (Lichtenstein.)

Gray-backed Saltator.

46. Phcenicothraupis fuscicauda salvi-

ni (Berlepsch).
Salvin's Ant Tanager.

47. Piranga ludoviciana (Wilson).

Louisiana Tanager.

48. Tanagra abbas, Lichtenstein.

Northern Palm Tanager.

49. Euphonia hirundinacea, Bona-

parte.
Swallow-billed Euphonia.

50. Euphonia affinis, Lesson.

Allied Euphonia.

51. Vireo solitarius (Wilsonj.

Blue-headed Vireo.

52. Heimitheros vermivorus (Gmelin^.

Worm-eating Warbler.

53. Compsothlypis Americana fLin-

na-us).
I'lirula Warljler.

54. Geothiypis tlavovelatus, Ridgsvay.

Alta Mira Yellow-throat.

55. Sylvania mitrata Gmelin).

Hooded Warbler.

56. Sylvania pusilla (Wilson).

Wilson's Warbler.

57. Basileiiterus culicivorus fLichten-

stein .
Brashcr's Warbler.

58. Thryothorus maculipcctiis. Laf-

resnaye.
Spotted-breasted Wren.

59. Ilemiura leiicogastra (Gould)

Short-tailed Wren.

60. Merula Grayi (Bonaparte).

Gray's Robin.

The American Widgeon.

(yhms Aintriciiiui. )

This beautiful duck is a familiar oc-
cjuaintance with most sportsmen the
country over. It is closely allied to
the European Widgeon {A. pcnclope),
which it resembles, with the e.xcept-
ion that the European species is of a
somewhat browner tint where the
American is a handsome gray. Both
species are prized for the table, the
flavor being very delicate when the
bird is in prime condition.

The American Widgeon breeds in
the far north and only visits our waters
during the spring and fall migrations.
It belongs to the family Anatinac,
which includes the pond or river
ducks among which are the mallard,
widgeon, wood duck, teal, pintail and
black duck, all of which are highly
prized. The widgeon is a rapid flyer
and it may be identified by its peculiar
cry — a sort of snoring \vhi.stle rather
faint in tone.

This duck is known by many names
among the gunners of lake and sea-
board. "IJald-pate," "bald-head,"
"white belly," "poacher," "bald-face"
and "wheat- duck" are applied to it in
different p irts of the country. All
but one of these names explain them-
selves, but the term "poacher" may
not be so easily understood. It re-
fers to the widgeon's method of secur-
ing dainty fare.

The widgeon seldom or never dives
yet he is extremely fond of the white,
tender root of the / 'alisinciia spiral-
is, called by sportsmen "celery." As
this plant grows on shoals at a depth
of from seven to nine feet the coveted
root can only be secured by diving;
hence if he were not clever, the widg-
eon might never taste the dainty.
But he is clever, and so he /nakes the
celebrated canvasback do his diving.

^1

I go

THE MUSEUM.

The canvasback is a tireless diver
and is also a glutton for the celery.
The widgeon knows this, so he is for-
ever hanging about near the feeding
canvasback. When the larger duck
rises to the surface with a root the
alert widgeon snatches the prize and
makes off before the honest worker
has had time to apprehend what has
happened. This playful eccentricity
is the cause of considerable squab-
bling between the two species, but as
the widgeon is crafty in action and
swift in retreat he usually escapes with
his ill-gotten booty and is ready to re-
peat the theft at the first < nportuniry.
The habit is the more curl ms because
there is no question about the canvas-
back's ability to thrash the widgeon in
short order should he ever catch him.
— Ed. IV. Sandys in Outing for Oc-
tober.

The Hummingbird.

One of the most wonderful charac-
teristics of the hummingbird says Prof.
O. B. Knight in the Maine Sports-
man, is its ability to move backward
in its flight, said to be the only in-
stance in which a bird is able to ac-
complish that movement. Prof.
Rideway says this movement is great-
ly assisted by a forward motion of the
bird's expanded tail. The gaudy and
rich plumage of the hummingbirds
makes them tempting prizes for the
collectors of bird skins, and it is,
therefore, not strange they are slaught-
ered in such multitudes. Vast num-
bers are slain in Mexico and South
America, being killed with fine shot or
caught with nets and line. On ac-
count of this ruthless destruction some
species are said to be on the verg^ of
extinction, and, of course, it will be
the most beautiful kinds that will be
exterminated first. At a sale held in
London on March 21, 1888, more
than 12,000 hummer skins were dis-
posed of, and in one week 40,000
hummers and other American birds
were sold in London at auction. A
brilliant hummer, flitting airily amid

the foliage and flowers, is "a thing of
beauty and a joy forever.' On a wo-
man's bonnet such a decoration is lit-
tle short of garish. All the colors of
the spectrum, with many intermingled
tints, are combined in their plumage,
so that some of them seem to be truly
a kaleidoscope. One of the most
striking ornaments of many of the
hummers is the "gorget," as it is call-
ed— that is, a gleaming throat patch
of imbrificated feathers. In the com-
mon ruby throat it is ruby, as the name
implies; in several species, like Costa's
hnmmingbird, the tips of the feathers-
are purple, and the basal portions-
snow white. In others they gleam in
the most metallic red or violet.
Sometimes the feathers of these gor-
gets are elongated into a beautiful ruff
on each side of the neck or into a
bearded tuft reaching down from the
chin.

The Living Age being a weekly
magazine, suffers somewhat by com-
petition with the monthly magazmes
of the first class, if the comparison is
made of single numbers. But The
Lii'iug Age actually gives a larger
amount of matter each month than
any of the monthlies. Thus Harper's
Magazine contains 182 pages each
month; the Century 160 pages; Serib-
ncrs Magazine 128 pages; and The
Atlantic Monthly 144 pages; while
The Living Age gives each month
from 280 to 344 pages, according as
there were four or five issues.

The Elephant and the Giraffe.

BY CH.A^RLOTTE OSGOOD CARTER.

Said the elephant to the giraffe:
'•Your neck is too long by one-half,"
He replied, "Since your nose
Reaches down to your toes
At others you'd better not laugh."
— St. Nicholas.

"Ilh: MUSKUM.

191

CHA8, K. REED.

75 THOiVlAS ST.,

\V(iI((I{STEK.

A1AS8.

Has every requisite ior the
Naturalist.

c

NQai5«t

Tools of all Kinds,
<ilriss Eves. Skins, etc.

Send 10 cents for large new
illustrated Catalogue.

If you nave any Big Game
Heads to mount write us for

.\ FlBHb: COJ.LECriON.

Wo reoontl.v sucihimI a liue libre collection
coiisisUiii; of llio followiug:

126 kinds of Wool.

64 kinds of Cotton.

24 kinds of Goat Hair.

12 kinds of fibre as Hemp, Flax, &c.

12 kinds of Dye Wood.

20 kinds of Paper series.
Iq all 258 dirt'erent kinds from all parts of
Ihi- Moiiil. Xeaily I'vtfy country on the
uluiib is ie(>ri'senii-il liy it.s wool, cotton iVic,
whicht'Vi-r it proilu f.s V^ery complete data
;u-. (.mpauies e u'li spcimen. The collection
is I mv all pac'ticil in s. parato boxes, iV-j. Wo
" ill Sell ju.st as it is or init up in trays with
({l.rss mp, or ill ilitViTent s'v/,; f/hi.is vials. Will
be -sol. 1 Ht less Ihaii half its appraised value.
Hi-iiiciiiber all is in perfect condition and can
111- .-,. en on di-play al our mus3uni. Further
den-ripticin ar.d prictMni application.

W. F, Webb, Mgr., Albion, N. Y

Mammal Skins.

We have about One Hundred
Small Mammal skins recently re-
ceived that we will close out
cheap. They include such spec-
ies as Oregon Mole, Short-tail
Shrew, Trowbridge Hare, Ore-
gon Ground Squirrel, Uusky-
foot Wood Rat, several species
Chipmunk, Pouched Gopher,
California Gray Squirrels, Pine
Mouse and various other species
from Rocky Mountain Region.
If you wish to buy some nice
specimens of this kind, we will
send a selection on approval by
mail or express. Prices will be
low; regarless of value.

W. F. WEBB, M'^r,, Albion, N. Y.

quotations

Our W.rk Guaranteed.

IF/ii-u ansijcring advcrtisoiicnts al-
ways mention THE MUSEUM.

192

THE MUSEUM.

A Collection of Iron Ores.

We offer a collection (f 64 kiads of Iron
Ore, all correctly labellRil showing name,
mine, locality, &s , aad a list accompanies
the collectioa showing tho exact chemical
comp Kitioii of every sp^cimsu which has
been detenuiu'^J by analysis Th'^ lot is a
fine thing for a student or sdealitic school.
Will be boxed and shipped by freight for an
even $3 net, worth 3 times this liguro

W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,

ALBION, N. Y.

STACDPS.

103 all different, iacludlug C ibi&c, 10c po.stpaid.
.50 all nitl'ereut. includiug Spain &e.. ftc postpaid.
2,i all different, including Fialaul &c.,3c(3c postage) ■
Agents wanted to sell stamps nn approval sheets at
50 per cent commission. Send Sc stamp and receive
my list of cheap packets and fnlliatormationconcei-n-
iug agency.
EDWIN C. COREY, 30 East 1 29St.,N.Y.Gity.

OUR PUBLICATIONS.

Xlte Kern Bulletin: -3 1 pages, ciuarterly, illus-
trated, sixth year of publication. Price 50 cents a
year. We can now supply only Vol. VI complete,
riend for it.

Flora of the Upper Susciuelianna:--The
only work on the Flora aljout the headwaters. of the
Susciuehanna. It is not a mere list, but coutain.s full
information regarding the plants. 12mo, 172 pages,
and map, bound in cloth. )^1.3.t postpaid.

Tlie Plant World: -The new .iournal of popular
Botanv. First volume, iust completed. Among Its
contributors are all the foremost American Botan-
ists. Monthly, illiistrated, JI.OO a year Get the
first volume before it is out of print. Address,

WSLLARD N.CLUTE & CO.,

Binghamton, N. Y.

KBRR St PBRHAM,

Dealers and Collectors,
Naturalists Supplies, Publications,
Novelties, Etc.

Send IOC for Catalogue and Lists.
BLENCOE, IOWA. S-i^NDWICH, ILLS.

BAROAINS.

100 first-class speeimsns to any address, $1.00,23
Beautiful Shells, Corals, and Curiosities , from all
parts of the world.

100 nice Shells, 25c, 12 Beautiful mixed OUve Shells,
50c. 100 large specimens, 3>3.0U, worth three times the
price or money refunded. 33 mixed Coins, Jl,liO, 30
flrst-class Tropical Bjtanical Sp?cimens. $1,00. 1-3
perfect Arrow Points. 60c. 20 choice specimens. 2(C.
100 perlect Porcujiine Quills, 2"c.

50,000 Specimens in Stock.

Everything perfect. S.itisfactiou guar.anteed or
money refunded. Send stamp for drawings and bar-
gain I'ist. All orders promptly liUed.

JOHX B. WHEELER,

East Templeton, Mass.

Hundreds of Dollars

are squandered by collectors constantly by
buying speciemeus of boy.», would be natur-
alists, and fourth class d( a'ers, who are ad-
vertising curios and stieiilitii- material at
many times its true value V»'e do not pre-
tend" to i»ow i< o?/, nor in fac-l but a small
portion thereof, but we do hsve a chance to
know the market value (f fpetimens in our
line about as well as anjoi^c. We fully be-
lieve we are selling shells ;-nd other speci-
mens way under tho prices usually charged
for same. Write i s for iiifoiu;atiou anytitue
before making extended piuchMses We will
give you an honest, npiuioi'. V\'o have spent
several thousand di>ll;irs in txpHiieuce in the
last five years and m>ii can tit' tif by our ex-
perience fic- a -' • >t:.u)p If v>c havent got
what you want uia,\ tie we ca'i tell \oa where
togetit. If voM have .-inj tiling to exchange
or sell fur cash write ii-i a't'd if we dont want
it, we may be able to lind mhi a purchaser
and it wont co>t Mill a cent fi'r the trouble.
In other wolds onr lime and experience are
at your set vice for the askii g Write freely
at all times We still have a g ml stock of
eggs and skins, curios shells, minerals, fos-
sils, bo:ks, glass eyes, &c.. &r Send lists
and be assured of prmniit an i f:'ir treatment.

W.F WEBB, Mgr,, Albion, N. Y.
THE AMERICAN

ARCH/EOLOGIST.

FORMERLY The antiquarian.

A. Monthly Anthropological Magazine Designed for

Students, Scientists, Collectors and Dealers

in natural History Specimens.

HOW IN ITS SECOND VOLUME.

Pntlished on the I5tli of each month by The Landon

Printing and Pnbllshlng Co., 20 East

Broad Street, Columbns, Ohio.

It is ably conducted, well established, and numbers
jmong its writers and contributors the first scientists
and scholars of our country. Every issue contains
well iilnstrated papers on topics relating to Primitive
Man here and elsewhere, including the relics and re-
ma'ro of Pueblo and Clilf Dwelling Indians; the
Morris pzl Mound Builders of the United States;
prehistoric ruins and Art works of Mexico, Central
and Soi:lU America ; discussions of preglaclal man in
fl.mcrlc-i; early man in Europe and Asia; the status
and natp.rr.l history of recent savage races, &c., &c.

It pnblishes interesting items from correspondents
in every part of the country, and devotes much atten-
tion to the wants of Collectors and Dealers. All
recent publications of scientific value are reviewee
monthly ; it gives an account of all recent archaeo-
logical discoveries and news ; and illustrates the rart
and uniqtie specimens of private and public collections.

There is no other monthly journal of this character
ptiblished in the world for the edification of the gen-
eral pr!l}llc, as well as for the student. It alms to dls-
s-m'nate knowledge which cannot be gained from
other conrces, and publishes technical papers and gov-
ernment reports, which are not available to the gen-
eral render, and is indispensible to all persons inter-
ested in the study or the collection of the relics ci
Brimltive man. •■ . „ , ^.

The price is within the reach of all, and affords the
privilcpres of the great libraries, combined with
Archaeological treatise.', as they appear from time to
time. Having a wide and Increasing circulation, it
constitutes one of the best mediums in our country tor
advertising the business of Curio Dealers, Taxider-
mists and Naturalists,

Subscription price, $1.50 per year.

A copy will be sent free to any one sending us four
subscribers and six dollars.

THE MUSEUM.

Conlinued Irom ad Cover Page.

Trt Ici.'rliu' \V.irblor

7» Marsh Warliler

HO Si-.lm' ••

M WhlltlhroiH

m U'sner VVhlU)lhroat

K9 Drphean Warbler

lu Whlnchiii

HI Wixxl Warbler

»1 Willow •■

l« Wren "...

l>7 Treo Crtieper

KW V-roM Tltmousp

UW Whltr lii':ulf<l Titmouse

HM LouK talleil Titmouse ....

1W> Uearilpil Titmouse ...„ ...

lU niiielio.-»ilo<l Wagtail

Il.-i Tree Pipit

ISI Wood Lark

131 K.>ed liuQtlag .

I« Corn ■• ,

Lit Yellow ••

IS7 CbaOlDCb

11(1 House Sparrow cu

111 Canary 25

H:i lirtH'ullnch ..._

l.M llnllllnrh

liK) Carrion Crow

1«3 .laokdaw

IrtI MatsHile

liw I'.reeu Woodpecker BO

17>i Itw Eater .W

IM .Swallow 05

1X3 Martin 10

Ita Hlue Itock Thrash SO

18.'> Alpine Swift 1 00

IS8 King Dove 15

1H« Stock Dove 15

190 Hock Dove 15

191 Pintail Sand Grouse 75

Iffi I'lu'ivsant ;»

197 Capercalllle 80

212 PartrldRO IS

203 Ked-legeed Partridge 35

209 Great Plover 100

318 Oystereatcher 40

227 Sandpiper 85

All A I prepaid on receipt of price.

W. F. WEBB, Mgr.,

■£>V

Moor Hen

15

■.!«»

Sheldrake Duck

40

275

Garj^ency Uuck

l>ltili' Atiltan lk)miorant.

7S

:*ib

2 (HI

30«

AuMtralian Gracharo

.IIKI

;t(»7

I'lMimiln from S. A

2 10

230

GoUUmi Oriole

50

!ftl

Hose- throated llecard

75

;«a

Gr:iv's Thrush

25

.158

Mexican Mt. Mocker

26

:iM

Cirdlnal

IW

355

Oriole

25

35«

IJrown Jay

30

357

Kingbird

25

;<!)8

Great t)rlole

50

ai9

Crocodile Amazon

2 00

■.m>

African O.strlch

8 00

:m

So. Amer. Khea

»no

3B2

Kcd-lecged Turtle

Snapping Turtle

25

303

20

ALBION, N. Y.

Second Class Eggs.

Birds Eggs will break. We break them and some times Uncle Sam does it. Then again we
get a batch o; end blown eg?s. Tnese are called second class. If the cracked egg is a cheap one
we throw it away. If a lar.re showy specimen we mend. We have not advertised our second class
eggs in several years so we have a large stock. We have printed a partial list and put our lowest
price on each kind and we pay postage. These eggs look nearly as well in the cabinet as a first
class one and the piice in many cases is but slightly over actual postage. Make out your order at
once. Kame a few substitutes if possible as we may be out of some when your order comes, but
all are on hand now and many others not listed.

Redhead

Field Plover

ClapiH-r nail

WlMXl luls

nrown I'elleau

Ited shoulJered Hawk .

California Gull

Caspian Tern

Audubon's Shearwater. ......

Si«ity Tern

Ninlily Tern

Llmpkln

lUtlJuh Egrel

KiHluU Hawk

Wild Turkey

White Ibis

Sage Hen

Hurrow Owl

C<i<'per'8 Hawk

I.;iut;hlng Uull _ .

Flamingo

Great Homed Owl

Auhlnga _

American Osprey

Franklin Gull

Canvailiack

Vic. let-green Cormorant .

Mallard

AmiTlcan Magpie

I'arralone Cormorant

S<'ri.»..'h Owl

S • I Owl

vat<T

1 ilawk

I .-ch Owl

i; I Stilt

( .\iiiorni I iirown Pelican

California Murre

KiUdeer 03

Peacock UH

Razor-billed Auk 08

Swalnson's Hawk 10

Little niue Heron 01

American Herring Gull 08

Royal Tern ^. 10

Marsh Hawk 08

White Pelican OS

Barrows Goldeneye 08

Murre OS

Wilson's Phalarope 15

Canada Goose ._ SO

Americiin Kider 08

American Bittern _ 10

Uaird's Connorant .„ 08

L-aree-bill Punin 15

Golden Eagle 1 00

Fulmar lij

Western Grebe OH

Blue-wing Teal O'l

Spotted Owl 50

Double-crested Cormorant - 06

Red-breasted Merganser 10

Meadow Lark _ 02

Hrown Thrasher 01

Quail 03

Red-headed Woodpecker 02

Blue Jay 02

Rose-brea.st«d Grosbeak 03

Sora Rail 03

Common Tern 03

Robin _ 01

California Towheo 02

Bluebird _ 01

Hou.se Wren _ 01

Crow „„ 02

Blue Jay _ 02

Mourning Dove 01

Barred Owl 15

Grass Finch 01

Chimney Swift 03

Catbird 01

Brown Thrasher 01

Green Heron 03

Barn Swallow 01

Indigo Bird 03

Whlterumped Shrike 02

Fliclter 02

Song Sparrow lO

Curve-bill Thrasher (B

Sennett's Thrasher 02

Black-billed Cuckoo 03

Mocker 02

Orchard Oriole OS

Baltimore Oriole 02

Purple Grackle 03

Yellow Warbler . 03

Russet-backed Thrvish 02

Spotted Sandpiper (B

Snipe 10

Red billed Pigeon .- 10

White-crowned Pigeon 10

Pleil-lillled Grebe _ OB

Indigo Bird 02

Wood Pewee OS

Cowbird 01

I.*aches' Petrel CM

Black Tern 03

California Quail 04

Virginia Kail 03

Chuck- wills-widow ao

Whlppoor-wlU 15

Purple Martin OS

Long-billed Marsh Wren 08

Yellow-breasted Chat 02

Afrlc. Ostrich, slightly cracked 90

All prepaid. OrcUrs wukr fl.OO must contain 10c extra for postage and packing.

W. F. Webb, Mgr., Albion, N. Y.

THE MUSEUM.

WE BUY STAMPS Q

AND A

OLD %im? COLLECTIONS ^

Send us what you have with lowest cash
price or we will make you an offer if you
wish. We pay express or postage one way.

DR. J. W. FOWLER,

DUBUQUE, I A.

POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS,

Nature, Invention, Archaeoloy. Elec-
tricity, Chemistry, IVIineralogy, Hy-
giene. Mealclne, Health.

Formerly BOSTON JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY.

ENLARGED and IMPROVED.

This popular monthly contains a large num-
ber of Short, E;isy, Practical, Interesting and
Popular, Scieutitic ai tides, that can be Ap-
preciated anil Enjoyed by any intelligent
reader, even though he know little or nothing
of Science. It is intended to interest those
who think.

Profusely Illustrated.

Free from Technicalities.

Entirely Different from and Much Superior to
other papers with a siniiliar name.

Monthly, S1.60 per year; Newsdealers, 15c

Largest Circulation of any
Scientific Paper.

LILLARD & CO.,
lOtt Fulton St., New York.

Mention MUSEUM for a sample copy.

Sl^o NAME I

ICOLLECTOR \

JLOCALITY 5

4DATE SET MARK %

JnO. in SET IDENTITY t

JINCUBATION i

LABELS like Sample. Sizes 3x1 1
inches, 15c per 100; $1.00 per 1000.
Letter Heads, &c.
Please send stamp with copy for
prices.

D. H. EATON, Wolvern, Mass.

Fine Florida Shells.

We have every facility for furnlsblng coUootors or
dealers wltli Florida Shells, or Souvenirs We have
had long experience In collecling, and the Editor of
the Museum, has. unsolicited by us, offered to answer
any Inquiries as to our responsibility or fair dealing.
If you wish to see quality of specimens before placing
larger orders, send $1 for a box of fsamples. All
cleaned and correctly named. Price list for stauip
and all Inquiries promptly answered. Give us a trial.

J. H. HOlvMES, DUNEDIN, FLA.

m^^:

This is my
Proposition/

Let me send, for your inspection, charges postpaid.
35 of the Famous Quartz Crystals found at
this place. If this collection of Brilliant Gems pleases
you, kindly send 70 cents only, otherwise return the
collection and it will be O. K, Highest Award at the
World's Fair. Order today. 2to

A. B. CRI9I,
Mlddlevllle, Herfeluier Co., N. Y.

JAMES P. BABBITT,

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

Taxidermists' Supplies, Bird
Skins, Eggs and Publications,

TAUNTON, MASS.

Our large monthly bulletin of Skins, Eggs, etc. free
upon application.

■'^l^?i^O SUBSCRIBh.

For any of the Magazines listed bf-kiw If
you do, send me the regular snbsc ption
price given and I will allow you either of tno
Photos, from Nature, Free.

Photo. No. 1 is a neat amateur photo. 4x.5
inches, taken in swamp, of the nest of the
Tule Wren.

Photo. No. 2, is a neat amateur photo, taken
in Eucalyptus Grove, showing, the way the
bark peels down, and the favorite nesting site
of the House Finch. C

The Osprey $1 00

The Nautilus 1 00

Knowledge, published in England ■. . 2 00

The Museum 50

Popular Scieice News 1 60

W. H. HILLER,

147 W. 23d St., Los Angeles, Calif.

Florida Land and Fresh Water

Shells. Also Centipedes, Scorpions, Crabs,
etc. in alcohol at a bargain. Address with
stamp.

O. BRYANT,

Longwood, Florida

[

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