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" ye" ov) i vvky aw ‘ iy Me ie WY / ' Thy oPri Www IAI IIOONI IS LONE EE, PES IRS Seely eee”. ue “ye! ; j ivr SV A sat aw?s OA as al Aa KA Ake Abate Oot OF weet a et a . ora ind yA MAAAAAA | SALA iat Sa pat — . | * ity Vwi Jv vved j) “ere dy j eae’ % eae y' Td yl ae re eitdicy | : by | (y; I ely ely vv. fa ve ye ney’) “i AT bind | ATI ET PY ed ee vel ‘ ent vivg deugtss Heal \e' tr persue ee j AAS re 2 y Al 4 ; > v i uy ; dud Wf ; Weir S o v., Theda ; oe V { i ed [e “Nee a md « i ms q 7 go v~ 7 He he RAY re AQ yeas: ' why 4 ey yin "My , Cee ve a hh tddd ody PaCS aad Cay salt jay od Sel | ART oy ets lv 4 yee? i “d ddd Sled ied ct er No Ae? 4 vit soit yee ses st stleh eeu ee is | ee egeae’s Pill ve / oe i weged : ane: | | SNA, ML be AK, rp yh dt sd gs path wae re hal Bid Oo mn J 4d WR a ma ae ee A ‘ s F ' / ’ @' give Jd Was 4 chs Ee PP ous; Ps alte Wt de yay areas 5” i aan ra /* . jw y i oe a) 2 tA ele 44 SA SIS VG YG GY ) VMN LUC be lL i nt vy! i og Wigeeddee Meee vo vu bbiget oh wes pore eccuaet id4 qr peer AT NR Wivy! | we "wy S AAG “aii wert YADAV, ¥ w | j : ey yy Wegivily: ae eer . A pee hy, eoeenee tte By Data if tdodtd ¥ VV gevyvny. a voit wi whey wie fell wis w a ~wtS ey us as [hat ne a a a ea an Y J L, the YS as a ae - eM a | Us Sink de 7 1 sins Sd" vy" wv! hy aly } Pd) pees bt ee cet ik hegied ly \ gery pe wert) RA Ae 4 ad yd ga we" yey: Ws . ddd dddy “2 Dw ie $ us Kw ewes 4 _~— www cu eet ys , wie . We wl wi Weve’ - vow | es 4 eT ae 1 AO “Sivdde” and Dotty Cee ro eceee wee el) Wl duty -- nh \ bebievily bel, | “y hes (res ; ilk Th sanraee { 14H ty ie “wet athwe v en eg a Mente SUSY eM ERNIE te Nani Satnveiea 1) Cs Hie Veen NR ca : aan ad jeer ‘ sett ahd re it buecaatct? si Segue uae’ { Ly car” N ul Wwe J | pont age , d AA) bee “Withy ¥ ‘ aN % Are aU Saas "Nove y y ‘ gs bi‘ wheive 1: wh PRET | Baad dae hh ys aie Fe byt ia Ae wey Ae s* ly | eh " vivy y Wy : joes dhe he “fh M yy ’ en v Ta all Pita Ai Ain d OMAA ete : hi ama eel itt ae) < , w \ mF i ty ' gtd? ’ ( ‘ : nana A ae Ne fies | Sed iy vi Waid 2" . Be hate we rv ree v; re x \, pala VeeeUe, , ‘iw ea Te Oe Ae tie, wwe ake hee a, gd VIP) 4 | waa i AY ones o aares Jvg yevat! UAE we ae "| RS te ivy Yo hit LM iS +e cake ci we ip . wate tg a LTS _ Le ei oir gp Me x * ity ee i a peony \, yor ly gestae pT Avot ppt had Serer ‘ nde dd gad ola g dS Nat ~ ghee ey 0 IN toby ddd yWyt ad # kh aaa aS a he 7 a Le Webb vub ibn L. dete yaad tit meded chow yudoraed tng ey as wee RTE } vy { i 1 ae ( wae: \ Wey iN v TH] vey y| re vy Wear, DRAMA Ah EES SSE vw Mo } / é é 4 \ ow , ih WW AEE gd aad edd eT gy ONY sd COCR LLL LY 1d ‘ . - ™” al i ' fe AAG at edendied 7 4 . Lea ¥ es yeh t) , pny FG ; 20 Unies Of the State of New York Bulletin Entered as second-class matter August 2, 1913, at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., under the act of August 24, 1912 Published fortnightly No. 547 — ALBANY, N. Y. JULY 15, 1913 New York State Museum JoHN M. CrLarKE, Director EPHRAIM PorRTER FELT, State Entomologist Museum Bulletin 165 28TH REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST _ ON INJURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK” Me3r-Ap13-1500 IQI2 | ~ | \. 9232 b 3837 : MA eae se . PAGE . : aes yy Introduction, FR As OS lias 5 | Use of oil on dormant trees...:.: 83 Injurious OSE SY ae 13 | Notes for the year............-. 93 SOOMNE MOP S222 peepee | .- <> 13 Bes ; : Pit Tree INSECtS.. eres 93 LESS ar) ae: | ae ae ae 31 f Forest insects. «eee 99 Beaty Worth 5c... 2... 42 : Bievieae erties ae Miscellaneous. ....... Ate eeee 104 White erubs and June beetles... 56 Publications of the entomologist. 113 Hickory bark borer........... 63 Additions to collections......... 120 Pear thrips......... i as kore zo | Appendix: a study of gall midges. 127 Oueen blow fly......5 22.0... 75 Explanation of plates: .......... 227 Georgian flesh fly.....0>..... 80. |. Index. :. jae Seem,» 26 255 ALBANY UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1913 UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University (September 15, 1913) With years when terms expire © 1917 ST Cai McKetway M.A. LL.D. D.C.L. L.H.D. Chancellor Brooklyn 1914 Priny T. Sexton LL.B. LL.D. Vice Chancellor Palmyra 1915 ALBERT VANDER VEER M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. Albany 1922 CHESTER S. Lorp M.A. LL.D. - - -—° — -— New York 1918 Witt1am NottTincHAM M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. -— —- Syracuse 1921 Francis M. CaRPENTER - -— -—- -— -= — -— Mount Kisco 1923 ABRAM I. Erxus LL.B. DC.L. - - - - -New York 1916 Lucius N. Litraver B.A. - - - - -— - Gloversville 1924 ADELBERT Moot - - = — — .= Buffalo - 1925 CHARLES B. ALEXANDER M. A. LL.B. LL.D. Lit.D. Tuxedo 1919 JOHN MooRE —- —- - —- —- — - -— - Elmira 1920 ANDREW J. SHIPMAN M.A. LLB. LL.D. - - New York President of the University and Commissioner of Education Joun Huston Fintey M.A. LL.D. Assistant Commissioners Avucustus 5S. Downinc M.A. L.H.D. LL.D. For Higher Education Cuar_tes F. WHEELOCK B.S. LL.D. For Secondary Education Tuomas E. Finecan M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. For Elementary Education Director of State Library James I. Wver, Jr, M.LS. Director of Science and State Museum Joun M. Crarke Ph.D. D.Sc. LL.D. / Chiefs of Divisions Administration, GEorGE M. Witey M.A. - _Attendance, JAMES D. SULLIVAN Educational Extension, WILLIAM R. Ween BS. Examinations, HARLAN H. Horner B.A. History, JAamMEs A. Hoipen B.A. Inspections, FRanK H. Woop M.A. Law, FrRanK B. GiBert B.A. Library School, Frank K. WatteR M.A. M.LS. Public Records, Tuomas C. Quinn School Libraries, SHERMAN Wit.iams Pd.D. Statistics, Hiram C. Case Visual Instruction, ALFRED W. ABRAmMs Ph.B. Vocational Schools, ArktHur D. Dean D-Sc. New York State Education Department Science Dwision, February 15, 1913 Hon. Andrew S. Draper LL.D. Commissioner of Education Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript and accompanying illustrations of the annual report of the State En- tomologist, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1912, and I recommend the same for publication as a bulletin of the State Museum. Very respectfully : Joun M. CLarKeE | Director STATE OF NEW YORK : EDUCATION DEPARTMENT COMMISSIONER'S ROOM Approved for publication this roth day of February 1913 Commissioner of Education University of the State of New York Bulletin Entered as-second-class matter August 2, 1913, at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., under the act of August 24, I912 Published fortnightly NO. 547 ALBANY, N. Y. JULY 15, 1913 New York State Museum Joun M. CrarKeE, Director EPHRAIM PorTER FELT, State Entomologist Museum Bulletin 165 28th REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. IQI2 Dr John M. Clarke, Director of Science Division { have the honor to present herewith my report on the injurious and other insects of the State of New York for the year ending September 30, 1912. The past season was remarkable because of the superabundance of the common apple tent caterpillar in the Hudson and Mohawk valleys and on the borders of the Adirondacks. The pests were so numerous that most of the wild cherries on the roadside were defoliated and many orchards severely injured. There were reports of local damage here and there by the allied forest tent cater- pillar; in several sections extended tracts were stripped of foliage. There is at least a fair probability of the insect being more abund- ant another season and possibly causing serious injury locally. The green maple worm, so numerous last year, attracted no atten- tion the past season. Petroleum compounds as insecticides. Dead and dying trees in several Greene county orchards which had been sprayed the pre- ceding fall with a commercial preparation of petroleum, led to a careful study of the cases and the behavior of the trees through the season. A comparison was also made between the condition of these trees and injury of earlier years following applications of petroleum. We were unable to note any material difference between the two and, furthermore, observed a marked restriction of the damage to trees or even portions of trees which had re- ceived the application. A detailed discussion of our findings is given below, and after a careful study of the various phases of the matter we were forced to conclude that a certain measure ct [5] 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM risk attaches to the application of mineral oils or preparations of the same to trees in a dormant condition. Fruit tree pests. The: experiments o@ the last three years against the codling moth have been continued in the orchard of Mr Thomas Albright, New Baltimore, and very satisfactory returns obtained. The check or unsprayed tree produced only 38.95 per cent of sound fruit, while other trees of the same variety, less than 100 feet away, yielded over 97, and in some instances, more than 98 per cent of worm-free apples. The results obtained in ' this experiment and those of earlier years were checked by a careful study of representative trees in the orchards of Messrs W. H. Hart, Poughkeepsie, and Edward Van Alstyne, Kinderhook. These latter were sprayed under strictly commercial conditions with no expectation at that time of their being subjected to a test later. The results in these commercial orchards were exceed- ingly gratifying. The northern spies belonging to Mr Hart pro- duced an average of over 98 per cent of sound fruit, while the greenings and Baldwins on the Van Alstyne place gave an average of over 96 per cent of worm-free apples. The results of the past four years’ experiments go far to show that under normal crop conditions one thorough and timely spraying for the codling moth should result in producing from 95 to 98 per cent of sound fruit. These tests are of great practical value to the fruit grower, since they afford a reliable basis for correctly estimating the value of spray applications. The pear thrips, a minute insect which blasted or nearly destroyed the pear crop in a few orchards in the Hudson valley, was studied with special reference to conditions favoring injury, and the efficacy of spraying with a tobacco preparation demonstrated. The insect, potentially a very dangerous form, is discussed in this report. The work of the pear midge was investigated and a number of extremely desirable photographs of the larva and its work secured. Gipsy moth. The danger of injury by this notorious pest was emphasized by the discovery of a small colony, practically restricted to a city block at Geneva. A personal examination of the locality showed that the infestation was probably of three or four years’ standing. The chances are at least fair that the insect was intro- duced in that locality with nursery stock, though no undoubted evidence as to the source of the infestation has been adduced. We may expect the discovery of similar colonies from time to time, and for a period at least, no effort should be spared to REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 a exterminate such outlying infestations, as this policy is much cheaper and decidedly more advantageous to the general welfare than the adoption of repressive measures with the inevitable slow spread of the insect and shortly the greatly increased cost of controlling the pest incident to its being distributed over an extended area. Such measures are also advisable, since checking the normal spread is most advantageous for the development of introduced parasites, a number of which have already been established in this country. The recent enactment of a national plant quarantine act, recom- mended by the Entomologist and his associates in other states, is an important step in advance and should prove of great service in restricting the spread of this and other injurious insects as well as preventing the introduction of dangerous pests. Brown-tail moth. This species has attracted comparatively little attention the past season, though it has become established in the northwestern corner of Massachusetts and it is only a question of time before it will make its way into this State. The danger of this pest being introduced on nursery stock grown in infested sections still exists and should not be overlooked simply because a portion of the State is contiguous to infested territory. The winter nests are so characteristic that there should be little difficulty in identifying the insect and at the outset prevent its becoming excessively abundant. Grass and grain pests. White grubs have been extremely numerous in portions of Albany, Columbia and Rensselaer counties, at least. They were so abundant in many places as practically to kill the grass over areas half an acre or more in extent. The roots were almost entirely destroyed and in many fields much of the sod was, as a consequence, torn loose where a horse rake was used. The outbreak was taken advantage of to study in repre- sentative spots, the work of the grubs, their habits and natural enemies, with special reference to methods of control. A detailed account of our investigations is given in this report. The Hessian fly caused serious losses in the wheat-growing sec- tion of western New York, destroying entire fields and, in many cases, reducing the yield by 50 per cent. A personal investigation was made of the injury for the purpose of ascertaining any peculiarities in its inception and determining the probabilities of serious damage another year. A number of parasites were reared from infested wheat stems collected in representative areas. An extended discussion of this insect is given on a subsequent page. 8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The fall army worm, another grass and grain pest, was exces- sively abundant in the vicinity of New York City, seriously injur- ing lawns, destroying millet and corn and feeding upon a variety of grasses. This outbreak was also investigated and a detailed account of the insect has been prepared. Shade tree pests. The widespread and severe injuries of earlier years by the elm leaf beetle in the Hudson valley in particular, amply justified extended observations the past season. It was found that the exceptional damage in IgII resulted in a feeble growth and weakened trees the past season. The early portion of the spring was unusually cool and moist, and largely as a result of these conditions we believe injury by this pest was not so severe as last year. There was a marked irregularity in the work of the beetle, some trees in a locality and in certain cases some localities being almost exempt from injury, while in others the damage was relatively severe. A portion of this may be explained, possibly by more thorough spraying. Experiments were conducted with sweet- ened and unmodified arsenate of lead for the purpose of ascertain- ing if any material advantage was to be gained by the addition of a cheap sugar or molasses. There was no marked difference be- tween the two series and our earlier work with poisons was con- firmed in large measure. The false maple scale continues abundant in the vicinity of New York City and was a subject of considerable correspondence during the summer. The cottony maple scale was also responsible for a number of complaints. Forest pests. The hickory bark beetle has continued its destruc- tive operations in the vicinity of New York City. The abundance of this pest and the hearty cooperation of Mr J. James de Vyver, Mount Vernon, made possible a series of tests for the purpose of finding some method which could be relied upon to destroy the insect after the beetles had entered the trees. Studies in the field showed that in some localities many of the grubs died within a few weeks after hatching and before they were able to cause material injury. A detailed discussion of this work, together with investigations upon the biology of the pest and its natural checks, is given on a subsequent page. Many of the white pines in the vicinity of Albany have been killed in recent years by bark borers. A study of the conditions showed that in all probability this attack was the outcome of extreme droughts and very low winter temperatures. Persons REPORT OF THE STATE.ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 Qg having trees which were attacked by these pests have been advised to cut and burn all infested pines prior to the opening of another season. | Hosts of Ambrosia beetles belonging to the genus Platypus at- tacked freshly sawn, sappy mahogany in the yard of a veneer cutting company near New York City and inflicted severe loss besides causing grave apprehensions. An investigation showed that the insects originated from a shipload of logs from Panama. The infested material was removed and the few insects remaining soon disappeared. The destructive work of the locust leaf miner, noticed in our preceding report, was studied the past season and additional in- formation secured in relation to its habits and methods of control. The most severe injury, as in I911, resulted from the feeding of the beetles. The woolly bark louse of the white pines has been the occasion of several complaints during the past season, and an investigation showed that in some instances at least, large trees were seriously weakened, if not destroyed, by this insect. A previously unknown though sparse colony of the periodical ‘Cicada was located at Geneseo as an outcome of the interest aroused by the appearance of the enormous brood last year. Flies and mosquitos. There has been a general interest in con- trolling the house fly and preventing the superabundance of mosquitos. Both of these insects have been the subject of cor- respondence, and a number of bulletins giving directions for rem- edying undesirable conditions have been distributed. An unusual departure was the working out of the life history of a common blowfly, Phormia regina Meign., and a flesh fly, Sarcophaga georgina Wied., under controlled conditions. These two insects, though exceedingly common, were comparatively unknown except in a very general way. The details of this investigation, undertaken for the purpose of solving a specific problem, are given more fully in this report. Gall midges. This large group of small flies has continued to receive attention. We have succeeded in identifying the wheat midge of Fitch, which proved to be an undescribed species, discov- ered and described a second form recorded as living in heads of American wheat, and reared another. The last was identified through the cooperation of European entomologists as Thecodi- plosis mosellana Gehin. In addition, a number of new gall IO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM midges have been reared from various food plants and described. The outbreak by the Hessian fly, noted above, and an abundance of the pear midge in the vicinity of Albany afforded opportunity for additional studies of two economic forms. Lectures. The Entomologist, as in past years, has delivered a number of lectures upon insects, mostly economic forms, before various agricultural and horticultural gatherings. This work en- ables him to become personally acquainted with the problems of various localities and has been greatly facilitated by a chart show- ing the results secured in codling moth experiments of recent years. Publications. A number of brief, popular accounts of the more injurious species of the year were widely circulated through the agricultural and local press. The important publications, aside from the report for last year, are: The Elm Leaf Beetle and the White Marked Tussock Moth (Museum Bulletin 156), Control of Insect Pests in Institutions, The Identity of the Better Known Midge Galls, The Fundamentals of Spraying and several papers describ- ing new species of gall midges. A list of the more important pub- lications 1s given on a subsequent page. Collections. There have been material additions to the collec- tions through the efforts of members of the office staff, and also by exchange and donation. Through the courtesy of Dr Otto Nusslin of Karlsruhe, Germany, we received an excellent series of European bark beetles. Mr Henry Bird of Rye, generously donated an admirable lot of reared stem borers belonging to Hydroecia or closely allied genera, a number of these forms being almost un- represented outside Mr Bird’s exceptionally fine collection. The work of arranging and classifying the museum collections has con- tinued whenever opportunity offered. Mr Young did considerable miscellaneous work upon the beetles or Coleoptera, giving special attention to the flea beetles, Halticini of the Chrysomelidae and to the June beetles, Lachnosterna and its immediate allies of the Scarabaeidae. An excellent series of genitalic mounts was made in this latter group. The value of the collections has been greatly increased by micro- scopic preparations. Specimens of the Scolytidae received from Doctor Nisslin and noted above were put in balsam mounts. There were, in addition, two hundred such preparations of gall midges, mostly from reared material, and a number of scale insects, some previously unrepresented in the collections, which were similarly treated. The value of this material is much enhanced when placed REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 rt in such preparations, since the latter are permanent in character and, in most of the species mounted, necessary for the identifica- tion of the insect. The series of plant groups designed to serve as an embellishing and instructive feature of the enlarged exhibit now in preparation is practically completed. There has been special collecting for this exhibit. The more ample facilities of the new quarters bring added res- ponsibilities in the opportunity they offer of making the State col- lection of insects, both exhibit and reference, thoroughly representa- tive. The magnitude of such a task is appreciated by very few. The Entomologist recent!y assembled, with the cooperation of recog- nized authorities in various groups, the best obtainable figures as to the number of American insects. The data is tabulated below. Rirmiesie@nuetal ys) set c tans +: TO: O00, W@Tehoptenaw ae. Wun. tae ee 050 @ilemptetar. ec. ee eis cee. II 255 Neuroptera and Pseudoneu- EIU Paya hc naie (6: shoots cays Q 100 PO PUCHAbe A. any rater ine care 2 000 SHPMOMAPLCKA ss bs. oa cise. «6 prs, } einysanoptera st eecess oss pec 118 Reprmonteracis., ¢ a:s.% see: 6 622) - "Other small orderse 2s... 055. 500 Metab Pek Cs Nard «se sia touile 2.325 43 988 A recent catalog of the insects of New Jersey, a state with a considerably smaller area and lacking the climatic and other diversi- ties of New York, lists over 10,000 species. It seems to us con- servative to place the probable number of insect species existing in this State at twice that figure. A thoroughly representative col- lection of New York forms should therefore contain well toward 20,000 native species, and since each has at least four well-marked stages, some 80,000 different forms. Many species and a great number of the stages are unknown. There is ample to occupy a well-equipped corps of entomologists for many years, not to men- tion the much additional labor involved in assembling and main- taining greatly enlarged entomological exhibits. Nursery inspection. The nursery inspection work conducted by the State Department of Agriculture has resulted in the office being requested to make numerous identifications and also recommenda- tions in regard to the policy which should be pursued by the State. Many of the specimens submitted for name were in poor condition, and as they may represent any stage in insect development and fre- quently originate in a foreign country, such determinations are {2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM laborious and time-consuming. ‘The correct identification of such material is, however, very important, since the disposition of large shipments of nursery stock must depend, in considerable measure, upon our findings. Miscellaneous. In cooperation with the Division of Visual In- struction, an excellent and somewhat extended series of photo- graphs, mostly of injurious or common insects, has been secured. This material was all taken in connection with other collecting, it only being necessary to pose the specimen for the photographer. General. The work of the office has been materially aided, as in past years, by the identification of a number of species through the courtesy of Dr L. O. Howard, chief of the bureau of entomol- ogy, United States Department of Agriculture, and his associates. Several correspondents have aided in securing valuable specimens and many have rendered efficient service by transmitting local data respecting various insects. It is a pleasure to note that there has been, as in the past, most helpful cooperation on the part of all in- terested in the work of the office. Respectfully submitted EPHRAIM PoRTER FELT State Entomologist October 15, 1912 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 13 INJURIOUS INSECTS CODLING MOTH Carpocapsa pomonella Linn. Practical field work with the codling moth was continued the past season and the results of the previous three years of work very satisfactorily confirmed. The spraying of 1912 was confined to young and moderate sized Ben Davis trees on the farm of Thomas Albright, New Baltimore. A power sprayer was used and an effort made to do thorough work, yet the applications were by no means excessive. A check or unsprayed tree produced only 38.95 per cent of sound fruit, while those in the immediate vicinity and sprayed as described above, yielded from 97.53 to 99.53 per cent, or an aver- age of 98.69 per cent, of worm-free apples. The other plot similarly treated comprised larger trees and produced from 95.17 to 98.77 per cent, or an average of 97.26 per cent, of sound fruit. Consid- ering that this spraying was done under adverse conditions and the yield of individual trees by no means excessive, the results are all that could be expected. These returns were checked by examina- tions of the yields from representative trees in the orchards of W. H. Hart, Poughkeepsie, and of Edward Van Alstyne, Kinder- hook. These trees were sprayed last spring in the ordinary practi- cal manner and with no expectation that any of the trees would later be selected for test purposes. In the orchard of Mr Hart, his northern spy trees produced from 97.87 to 98.77 per cent, or an average of 98.23 per cent, of sound fruit. Mr Van Alstyne’s trees, composed of Baldwins and greenings, yielded from 95.12 to 97.50 per cent, or an average of 96.20 per cent, of worm free apples. None of these trees were sprayed more than once during the season with a poison, and the applications were made within the week or ten days necessary to secure the best results. It should be recalled, in this connection, that our earlier work has shown that sprayings made about three weeks after the blossoms fall are only about one- half as effective as the applications after the dropping of the blos- soms and before the calyx cup is closed. 14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Life history and habits. Before giving the details of the ex- perimental work, it may be well to outline the life history of this pest, since a knowledge of its habits is essential to satisfactory con- trol work. The apple worm or codling moth, as is well known, winters in a tough, silken cocoon, usually located under the rough bark of trees. Wuth the appearance of warm weather in the spring, which in New York State means late April and early May, the caterpillars transform within their silken retreats to brown, appar- ently lifeless pupae, and a week or ten days after the blossoms fall the moths commence to emerge and continue to appear throughout the greater part of June. The minute, whitish eggs are deposited largely upon the leaves, though a number may be found on the young fruit. They hatch in about a week and, as a consequence, the young apple worms of the first brood may be entering the small fruit from early in June, approximately three weeks after the blossoms fall, to nearly the end of the month or even later. The caterpillars require about four weeks to complete their growth, at which time they desert the fruit, wander to a sheltered place, sometimes excavate an oval cell in the wood or bark and spin a co- coon. They transform once more to pupae and in about two weeks, namely the last of July or in August another brood of moths may appear. These in turn deposit eggs which hatch in due time and the young larvae usually enter the side of the fruit. Two broods ap- pear to be the rule in the northern fruit-growing sections of the United States, though some investigators claim a third in the south- west. Experimental work. May 29th two lots of trees were sprayed on the farm of Thomas Albright, New Baltimore; 2 pounds of arsenate of lead (15 per cent arsenic oxid) being used to 50 gal- lons of water and 1 gallon of a lime-sulphur wash to 40 gallons of spray. A straight discharge variable nozzle was used on one line of hose, while the other was equipped with two angle Friend nozzles, the extensions in each case being about 8 feet long. Plot I comprised five moderate sized Ben Davis trees just back of the house and southwest of the barn. These trees are about 18 feet high with a spread of 20 to 25 feet and were well loaded with young apples, except tree C, one-half of which bore practically no fruit. The blossoms had mostly fallen, only a few remaining ~ REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 15 here and there. The trees were sprayed about ten o'clock in the morning, there being a high wind and some 70 gallons of mixture was applied to the five trees. There was considerable dripping and more spray material was used than really necessary, owing to the wind. An examination of conditions on August 16th showed little of special significance and not enough apples on the ground to war- rant picking up the fruit. On September 17th the fallen apples were picked up and classified, and again nothing particularly signifi- cant noted. The remainder of the fruit was secured October 14th. The data relating to all the trees is tabulated below: Plot 1 Thomas Albright orchard, New Baltimore, N. Y. Variety, Ben Davis. 1912 CLEAN FRUIT WORMY FRUIT TREE | DATE | TOTAL FRUIT 2 Bad | | er ; : ; Per | End | and | Side | Exit | Exit Total | cent | Total cent }|wormy] side |wormy| I 2 wormy A |Sept. 17|/Drops 89 Fish |S eRee Bee 078 | 3 a [ee AO ee | EM nit OV S45 Oct. 14|Drops 80 TAN pare (6) Vay sete ny BES camel, ne ai 6 EMEA aac Oct. 14/Picked 2991 BOE2 atthe. ZO owe ale see oe 5 34| a0) ety - | | 3160 3104; 98.22 HI |e 72) Os 5 51| 711 eae B |Sept. 17 Drops 235 219}.-.... 510 eee eee Nat es 14 TOE Atos Oct. 14) Drops 86 Biss epreke Siieeacrer es I I 3 Bila eae Oct. 14/Picked 2366 BORE ui ia neon Ped et toy Bee oe 82| 18| I 2687| 2581, 96.06 106| 3.94 6 I 99] 31 I C |Sept. 17 Drops 33 Fig] IN ee Geta er logs shoes ail eek 6 AG Pe. Oct. 14 Drops 76 cyl ape ee we J eye ee eh 2 3 4 I Oct. 14!Picked 1257 1 EZ HER bee A Ae\erne 3 4 35 if eee 1366 T3i31 00. 12 53| 3.88 Z 6 44 25 I D |Sept. 17|Drops 66 Sllewtas Ste Ot ar 1G ere Pe 14 12! Sheet Oct. 14|/Drops 8I TAN ie tes Hace ee Cele. Some 7 Mie hace Oct. 14]/Picked IOI2 OTS oe ee 34|.-.... 2 2 30) 9 I II59 II03| 95.17 56| 4.83 3 2 51 28 I E |Sept. 17|Drops 106 TO2 |b Vein 7.1 A ae avi LER Arg gb Fo) Ore 4 Al et Oct. 14|Drops 67 Gina wa: DN riicasiala's, eiflar'v RC aR Z 74 eee epee Oct. 14|Picked 2593 2505 Meier 2B he py vie 2 2 24 Sipe vee 2766| 2732| 98.77 34 1.23| 2 2 30 TAN eta Grand total.. 11138) 10833} 97.26 205]. 2: 74 I4 16 275) 123 3 It will be seen by referring to these data, that the yield of the five trees in this plot was fairly uniform, though trees C and D 16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM produced only 1366 and 1159 apples, respectively, the others ap- proximating 3000. The variation in percentage of sound fruit is not great and the average for the entire plot is excellent. It will be noted that a very large proportion of the wormy fruit, namely 291 out of the total 305, were side wormy, only 30 being end wormy and more than half of this latter number, namely 16, being both end and side wormy. Plot 2 comprised seven small Ben Davis trees located in a lot north of the house next to the woods and west of a small creek. These trees are 15 to 16 years old, 10 to 17 feet high and about 30 feet apart. The check tree was in the southeastern portion of the plot, next the small creek and in a position where thorough spray- ing was not easy. The wind continued high and about five gallons of spray were used for each tree, the treatment being continued until there was considerable dripping. The spraying was followed by a heavy shower in the afternoon and rain during the night. This plot was moderately well laden with fruit, and our subsequent data show that there was a fairly uniform yield, except possibly in the case of the check tree. An examination of this plot on August 16th showed there had been some spotting of the foliage by the work of a Hemipteron. It was estimated at that time that the check tree would produce 50 per cent of wormy apples and there was observed in this tree an apple tent caterpillar’s nest, something not seen upon those which had been sprayed. There was nothing particularly significant about the trees at the time the fruit was picked on October 14th. It is barely possible that the tree selected as a check was not entirely representative, since its position was such that the spraying of the previous year could hardly have been as thorough as in the case of the other trees. There is also a possibility that certain wormy ap- ples may have been swept down the stream from trees above. We believe both of these factors are comparatively insignificant, though they may have had an influence upon the yield. The tabulation of the data secured from this plot and the check tree is given on the following page. - REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 17 Plot 2 Thomas Albright orchard, New Baltimore, N. Y. Variety, Ben Davis. 1912 | CLEAN FRUIT WORMY FRUIT TREE | DATE | TOTAL FRUIT | a Per Per | End | and | Side | Exit } Exit Total cent Total cent |wormy| side |wormy| I 2 | wormy A |Sept. 17 Drops 24 TO |e esc Bill foshar a ab 4 Si ltesee ens Oct. 14|Drops 7 eee 2mm Til tae Bais I Te: Oct. 14 Picked 1828 TOO" oe oc 20\\ 22 3 5 2I Ti se | 1859| 1823] 98.07 36| 1.93 5 z 26l se hole i oe B |Sept. 17 Drops 19 TSH seo ae Tvs ec Pee eee T Wifi. ars 2 Oct. 14 Drops 8 AN okereete 51 | IS (eto ions © | icra o Bis I Tiare oo: Oct. 14 Picked 1036 1033 Mh, A arets eee neal aan 3 5 | a Ee 1063 I058| 99.53 5 RATS ern el cise: seme 5 oN deny se C |Sept. 17 Drops 32 2YOS Ae Desi poll ete eco elete orate 2 7 tied 6218 Oct. 14'Drops 7 GIB ote Ti Bie oh all grace ae ee 1 IS Sag | ee Oct. 14|Picked 998 OOANE Hees AltA WB ces, ans cl rae 4 |S ahvete 1037 1030] 99.33 7 SOF ae. 5 a1 up wherever the horse rake was used. Such conditions were com- mon in the towns of Schodack, Nassau and Kinderhook, to mention only a few localities where personal investigations were possible. Similar injury was reported by William H. Wan- zer from Slingerlands near Hurstville in Albany county. The grubs not only devoured all the grass roots but frequently at- tacked those of nearby shrubs and trees, while rose bushes in one area were so badly eaten that the plants were readily torn from the ground. Mr B. D. Van Buren informs us that on his farm at Niverville the roots of a recently set apple tree were so badly eaten that it was easily pulled up. Corn planted on infested sod land was destroyed, and in one such locality a sample digging in October resulted in finding thirteen living grubs in an area of REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 59 about one square foot, while we were informed that in July some boys collected over twenty grubs in one hill of corn. Adjacent to this area the pulling of corn stalks in the field resulted frequently in exposing two or three nearly full-grown grubs just at the base of a stalk and within an inch or two of the surface. Reports of injuries to strawberries and potatoes were also received. _ An investigation of the damage in several localities showed that, as a rule, most of the injury was in spots where there was more moisture and presumably better grass. The affected areas were generally near the foot of a gentle rise and frequently in a small gulley. It appeared as though the beetles, when ovipositing in Ig1I, had been attracted to the denser patches of grass and ovi- posited therein very freely. In August many grubs were to be found just under the sod in cells one or two inches below the sur- face, as many as five to seven or eight occurring in one square foot. Investigation about the middle of October showed that com- paratively few of the grubs were near the surface and that most of them were from seven to ten inches below. This was especially marked in grassland and by no means so evident in corn fields. Life history. The extended life cycle of white grubs and the fact that a large proportion of their existence is subterranean, makes it very difficult to work out the life history of the various species in detail. This difficulty is further accentuated by the possible occurrence of several closely allied forms at the same time, the grubs being practically indistinguishable one from the other. The parent insects, as their common name indicates, appear in May or June and remain abroad about four weeks. The beetles feed upon the leaves of a considerable variety of piants and display a- marked preference for poplar, willow, oak, chestnut, elm and apple, though they may also work upon the foliage of quite a number of trees and shrubs. The eggs, which hatch in about four weeks, are deposited in grassland, and in the case of the beetles appearing in IgtI there was an obvious selection of the richer, more luxuriant spots. The slowly developing grubs feed upon the roots of various grasses and allied plants. At the end of the first season the young grub may be only about a quarter of an inch long, while at the close of the second season the grubs are about a half to three-quarters of an inch long and present the familiar appearance of the depredator so commonly found at the roots of strawberry and other more highly prized cultivated plants. The grubs, whether small or large, burrow down into the earth on the 60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM approach of cold weather and remain until the following spring. In July of the third summer they construct oval cells and change to pupae, the latter transforming to beetles the following August or September and the perfect insects appearing during May and June of the next year. Natural enemies. White grubs are most acceptable prey to pigs and also that much avoided and generally abused animal known as the skunk. Both dig in badly infested fields and swine are generally credited with being exceedingly efficient destroyers of these pests. They will frequently root up and devour prac- tically all the grubs in badly infested areas to which they have access. Crows are well-known enemies of the white grub. Mr William H. Wanzer of Slingerlands reported that in his locality these birds had discovered the infested areas and were digging out and de- vouring the grubs in grass and potato fields. Similar operations have been observed in Illinois, while studies by Dr F. E. L. Beal in 1894 showed that crows ate either beetles or grubs in every month from March to October inclusive. Blackbirds are also re- ported as feeding upon the grubs. A common parasite of the white grub in Illinois is known as Tiphia inornata Say. The cocoon of this species is oval, brown and about three-quarters of an inch long. It is easily recog- nized by the slight neck or constriction at one extremity. These cocoons were found in small numbers in one infested field in Schodack. Another large parasite known as Myzine sex- cincta Fabr. also preys upon the white grubs and forms a co- coon similar to that of the Tiphia noted above, though differing in their greater smoothness and lacking the loose, fluffy coating of silk. This species, according to recent investigations, appears to be fully as efficient a parasite as the Tiphia. Another parasitic Hymenopteron which has been reared from white grubs is Ophron bitovyeolatum,) Brule ~The genus ~ Ophiony as rather common in New York State and there is no reason for think- ing that other species may not prey at least occasionally upon the white grub. A number of parasitic flies also depend in considerable measure for sustenance upon white grubs. A bee fly, Sparnopolius fulvus Wied. has been reared in Illinois from white grubs, and the same is true of the peculiar Pyrgota undata Wied, a species which unfortunately seems to be not very abundant in New REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 61 York State. A large white maggot about an inch long and possibly a species of Erax was abundant in what had been badly infested sod at East Schodack, the maggots being in the proportion of four to one of the white grubs. This insect appears to be a very effi- cient natural enemy. There are doubtless a number of other insects which live at the expense of white grubs and which have not been reared, owing to the fact that parasitized white grubs are very apt to be overlooked 1n making examinations of the soil. The peculiar white grub fungus, Cordyceps ravenelii Berkl., was found upon the farm of Mr W. S. Miller, East Green- bush. Infected grubs are easily recognized by the slender, hornlike processes arising from beneath the head and frequently attaining a length three to four times that of the grub. These growths are at first green and later they turn brown. Mr Miller states that in- fected grubs were easily found over a considerable area. Preventives and remedies. The extended life cycle of these insects and their practical restriction to grasslands make it appar- ent that systematic rotation of crops is one of the most important ‘ preventive measures that can be employed. It does not follow from the above that new seedings may not be occasionally attacked, as was the case last year, since numerous beetles emerging from old meadows in some instances deposited numerous eggs in recent seedings and, as a consequence, serious damage developed the fol- lowing year. A rotation of crops which does not allow land to remain in sod for more than two or three years, if generally fol- lowed in a neighborhood, will result in reducing the danger of injury from these pests to a minimum. Such a method of farm management is also advisable from the general agricultural stand- point. The danger of planting corn, potatoes or strawberries upon recently turned sod, especially if the latter is infested by white grubs, should be more generally recognized. The severe damage frequently following such practice is due to the great restriction in the number of plants per acre and the inevitable concentration of the grubs upon the small amount of food available. There is no evidence to show that the-larvae or white grubs migrate to any extent through the soil. They may make their way for a distance of possibly one or two rods but hardly farther. Grassland badly infested with white grubs should, if plowed, be sowed with some such crop as rye which would grow with sufficient vigor to with- stand any reasonable injury and produce a crop, or if an ordinary 62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM hoed crop must be planted on such land, use an extra amount of seed and feed liberally, supplementing this with good cultivation in order to enable the crop to withstand successfully the probable injury There is no practical method of destroying white grubs in the soil, aside possibly from giving pigs the run of the field prior to planting time. Experience has shown the practicability, in the case of recently set strawberry fields, of digging out and destroy- ing the grubs working at the base of individual plants. This latter is somewhat costly and is practical only after the injury has developed to such an extent that one can detect affected plants. It can be advised only in cases where it 1s impractical to avoid such conditions. Numerous white grubs in a lawn or in a garden where values are relatively high can be destroyed by the use of a dilute kerosene emulsion, say I part of the standard formula to g parts of water. A liberal amount of the spray should be applied and then followed by a thorough soaking with a garden hose in order to wash the emulsion down, bring it into contact with the grubs and eventually’ carry it beyond the reach of most of the root fibers. Carbon bi- sulphid has also been advised for the destruction of grubs about plants. This material, if employed, should be used with care and be preceded by a few experiments to determine the possibilities under given conditions, since the danger of injuring vegetation would depend in considerable measure upon the texture of the soil and the amount of moisture present. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I912 63 HICKORY BARK BORER Eccoptogaster quadrispinosa Say The destructive work of the hickory bark borer in the Hudson valley, begun some three years ago, has been continued the past season. A number of dying trees were observed in the immediate vicinity of New York City, while many others have been seriously infested during the past season. A personal examination of con- ditions at Tivoli showed that similar conditions prevailed in that section. Signs of infestation. The preliminary signs of injury, such as wilting leaves and dead twigs during July and early August, are exceedingly important because they indicate the presence of a destructive pest before matters have passed the remedial stage. The attack, as characterized above, simply indicates that the beetles are about to enter the tree and that if affected twigs are numerous, the pests may destroy the hickory. Examination of injured trees in the fall or during the winter may show particles of brown or white sawdust in the crevices of the bark, and in the case of some trees, a few to many circu- lar holes appearing as though they had been made by number 8 buck- shot. The recognition of this sawdust is a decided advantage, since the dark brown or black, rather stout, cylindric beetles about one-fifth of an inch long invariably start their galleries un- der a protecting scale of bark Fig. 8 Hickory bark beetle. and the sawdust mentioned above The smaller figure shows the is therefore the only external evi- re, cea Se ae egg notches, the larger the gal- dence of injury. Such trees are feries of young larvae (orig- more dangerous to the welfare of inal) adjacent living hickories than others which may be fairly peppered with numerous exit holes. The external evidence cited above should be followed up by cutting down to the sapwood. The ex- posure there of longitudinal galleries one to one and one-half inches long, about one-eighth of an inch in diameter and with numerous fine, transverse galleries arising therefrom and gradually spreading out somewhat fan-shaped, is conclusive evidence as to 64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the identity of this pest. In very early stages of the attack the longitudinal gallery described above, with a series of minute notches for the reception of eggs on either side, may be all that can be found. Only a little experience is necessary before one can recog- nize the characteristic galleries of this borer. They are almost in- variably to be found somewhere upon infested trees, since an at- tack is rarely discovered before at least some of the grubs have commenced working across the bast fibers. Fig 9 Hickory bark beetle, galleries made by the adult and the full- grown larvae (original) Life history and habits. The life history of this borer may be summarized as follows: The beetles appear from the last of June till the last of July and may be found in New York State up REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI2 65 - to the middle of August. Observations at Bronxville on July 1oth showed numerous dead leaves and tips of branches upon affected trees. The beetles were then just beginning to enter the bark. On August 5th a number of beetles were still working in the leaf stem, others were entering the bark and some had evidently become well established. The beetles bore the young twigs and burrow in the terminal buds and green nuts, evidently for food, and in this man- ner frequently cause the wilting of leaves and the death of twigs. Later they attack the bark of the trunk and the larger branches, each female making a vertical gallery an inch or more in length, along the sides of which she deposits in small notches, 20 to 40 or 50 eggs. These galleries of the adults are usually very regularly placed, their position apparently being determined in large measure by the long cracks in the rougher bark of the trees. The eggs soon hatch and the grubs work in the tissues, at first at nearly right angles to the primary galleries and later the borers turn in either direction till they run nearly parallel with the wood and produce a rather characteristic fan-shaped series of galleries. The burrows of the grubs or larvae rarely cross each other. On October Ist most of the larval galleries observed were from one-half to three- quarters of an inch long and the grubs about one quarter grown. They winter in a partly grown condition, transform to pupae the last of May and the beetles begin to appear about a month later. There is no evidence to show that more than one generation occurs in New York State, at least. Experimental work. The following field work was conducted at Bronxville in cooperation with Mr J. James de Vyver of Mount Vernon. Barcurol. A io per cent solution of this proprietary material was applied July 12th to certain hickory trees which were examined August 5th. It was then evident that this compound had a dis- tinct hardening effect upon the outer bark of the tree though there was no penetration by the beetles, a fact confirmed by subsequent observations October Ist. An examination of a few burrows made by the beetles prior to the application showed that the discolora- tion of the inner bark was confined to the immediate vicinity of the galleries and occurred to an almost equal extent on untreated trees. The brown tissues in the latter instance extended to within about an inch of where living grubs were working. Another tree treated with a 50 per cent solution of this material was examined August 5th and it was seen that the application had destroyed the borers. 66 . NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Kerosene emulsion. One tree was painted with an undiluted stock kerosene emulsion July 25th. An examination on October 5th showed very little penetration of the bark in the vicinity of the galleries and no living insects were to be found in the burrows started prior to the treatment. Some beetles were entering the bark at the time of our examination and were evidently not de- terred therefrom by the earlier application. A 50 per cent kerosene emulsion was sprayed upon another tree the same date, and observation on August 5th showed that the in- sects were destroyed in the burrows and that there was also some penetration of the adjacent tissues. The outer bark did not seem to be affected in the least. Scalecide. A 20 per cent solution of this proprietary compound was applied to infested trees September 7th and an examination on October 1st showed living grubs in four out of five burrows. In one case the larvae had made their way to a distance of two inches from the gallery made by the female. This had a thicker bark than the one treated with Barcurol or carbolic acid and the comparison was therefore not exactly fair. It is likewise probable that the treatment was made too late in the season to give the best results, since the grubs were evidently some distance from the female gallery and therefore mostly out of reach of the application. Carbolic acid. This was prepared by diluting a gallon of soft soap with an equal amount of hot water and stirring therein a pint of crude carbolic acid (% pint refined), allowing it to set over night and then adding 8 gallons of soft water. This solution was applied to trees on September 7th, and examination on October Ist showed discolored areas on each side of the main gallery for a distance of about three-quarters to one and one-quarter inches. There were very few or no grubs found alive and the adjacent tissues were healthy and apparently uninjured. This treatment was made to a thinner barked tree than the one treated with scale- cide and the grubs were therefore somewhat more accessible. Black leaf 40. A few trees were treated with this material used at the rate of I to 200 and adding thereto 3 pounds of soap to each so gallons of water. The trees were sprayed September 7th. An examination on October Ist showed the presence of some living larvae under the rather thick bark. This treatment, as in the case _ of others given at this date, was too late’for us to expect the best results, and in this particular instance was limited to trees with a thick bark, the latter rendering the penetration by the insecticide more difficult. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 67 The above experiments, while by no means conclusive, give sufficient data to warrant a continuance of the work, particularly with a preparation of oil or carbolic acid for the purpose of de- stroying the beetles or the recently hatched grubs before they have had an opportunity to bore any distance from the egg chambers. This treatment, it should be stated, can be recommended only for specially valued trees on lawns or in parks. It is possible that a spray with a whale oil soap solution, a lime-sulphur wash or even a thick whitewash just before the beetles begin to enter the bark of the trunk would prove of considerable service in preventing attack and be nearly as effective as the treatments tested above. This problem can be settled only by further experimental work. Mr Henry Bird, of Rye, informs us that in his opinion the treatment of infested trees after oviposition seems feasible in cer- tain cases. He found that spraying with a strong whale oil soap solution just before the females began to enter the trees, seemed to drive away the insects and prevent infestation. This, he states, proved to be the case with one large tree which during the month of July, was infested by hundreds of beetles feeding upon the leaf petioles. He found spraying with arsenate of lead of no service and a similar report was received from Mr de Vyver, though the treatment by the latter was, in our opinion, too late to be of material service. Mr Bird found from experience that treatment of individual galleries was less laborious than he had supposed. He personally went over several trees between the 2oth and 23d of August in an area where the insects were abundant, the trees being 40 feet high and having between 200 and 300 gal- leries in the bark. He used a small squirt can oiler and about a quart of gasolene to the tree, only enough being injected to destroy the females or the eggs. This treatment he found caused no appreciable injury to adjacent tissues. His work with this oil was limited to moderate sized trees a foot or more in diameter and some thirty-five years old. It would undoubtedly be more difficult to treat larger trees in this manner, though in the case of highly valued hickories one could hardly class this method as impractical. j Preventive measures. It is well known that plants are more susceptible to the attack of various insects when in an unthrifty condition. It is probable that the excessive droughts and ex- tremely low winter temperatures of recent years have had an 3 68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM important effect wpon many trees, lowering their vitality and pre- sumably making conditions more favorable for insect attack. This unfortunate condition may be accentuated in certain localities as, for example, in southeastern Westchester county, by the abund- ance of canker worms or other leaf feeders, since repeated destruc- tion of the foliage would weaken the trees and, in the case of developing leaves, might cause serious injury without attracting much attention. Mr Henry Bird believes that he has detected a connection between successive attacks by canker worms and in- jury by the hickory bark beetle. Another factor which may be more important than many realize, is forest fires or burnings. It is unfortunately the practice in some communities to burn over pasture and woodlands rather freely in the mistaken notion that benefit accrues. It is true that such procedure is followed by a more vigorous growth of grass and is generally accompanied by the destruction of leaf mold or humus, not to mention the killing of numerous small trees and injuring some of the larger ones. Moreover, this humus is a most important ingredient in maintaining the fertility of the soil and also of much service in protecting the roots of trees from ex- cessively low temperatures, and by conserving moisture mitigates in considerable measure, the severity of droughts. The greater exposure to extreme temperatures and the additional severity of droughts following the annual practice of burning, may well re- sult in reducing the vitality of the trees and bringing about a condition favorable to attack by borers. Such procedure is at least indefensible from the standpoint of the forester and should be condemned and avoided wherever possible. Generally speaking, we may expect the least trouble from in- jurious insects where normal forest conditions prevail-and the trees as a whole are in a thriving condition. All practical measures which result in the removal of sickly and dying trees and provide better conditions for those allowed to remain will, in a general way, reduce the liability of serious injury by insects. Remedial. measures. A serious infestation, indicated by dying trees or branches, can be controlled only by cutting out all badly infested trees or portions of the same and destroying the bark before the following June in order to prevent the grubs then in the trees from maturing and changing to beetles which might an- other season continue the work in previously uninfested trees. It is particularly important to locate hickories which have died REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 69 wholly or in part the past summer, because it 1s these trees which contain living grubs. General cooperation over an extended area, in the cutting out of infested trees and burning of the bark as outlined above, will do much to check this deadly enemy of hick- ories. It is a method which has been tried in some sections with marked success and is more practical on large holdings than where the cooperation of numerous owners must be secured. This destruction of the insects does not prevent the utilization of the wood and timber commercially, provided the bark is destroyed within the above given time limits. Slabs from sawlogs and fire- wood with the bark on should all be burned during the winter. If it is impractical to work up the logs and burn the slabwood, the borers can be destroyed by a prolonged submergence in water or by removing only the bark and burning that. The possibility of protecting trees which have been entered the past season, is discussed under experimental work. Such treatment can never be advised for ordinary woodland conditions. 7O NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PEAR THRIPS Euthrips pyri Daniel The pear thrips is a slender, dark brown insect only about one- twentieth of an inch long and with very delicate, narrow, long- fringed wings (Plate 3). It appears with the opening of the leaf buds and when numerous may literally blast the developing blossoms and destroy the crop. This new pest was discovered in California in 1904, has been under investigation in that region for the past eight years, and was found in the Hudson valley by Professor Parrott in Ig11. Evidence at hand renders it very probable that this insect has been in New York State for some time and that the mysterious failures of the pear crop in recent years attributed to ** blossom blight ” or some obscure cause may have been due to the w ork of this minute enemy. Widely distributed in the Hudson valley. Early in May we found the pear thrips in an apple orchard near Ravena and very abundant in a pear orchard at Coeymans Hollow. Specimens were also received from Grapeville several miles distant. The insect is generally distributed about Germantown and was very abundant in the orchard of Spencer Brothers at Hudson. It has also been found back of Poughkeepsie and at Milton, Marlborough and Newburgh. Injuries. Personal examinations at Geneva and Hudson in com- pany with Professor Parrott, showed a nearly total destruction of the fruit buds in a number of orchards. The young leaves had assumed a characteristic spoon shape, the tips were browned or black, while the blossom buds were partially wilted masses of brown- ing ‘tissue. Some 200 seckel pear trees in the orchard of Spencer Brothers were full of just such fruit buds, the loss amounting to about 400 barrels of fruit. A local pest. Though widely distributed in the Hudson valley, this insect is a local pest which may be very injurious in one orchard or even a portion of an orchard and hardly noticeable elsewhere. The restricted character of the outbreak was very well shown in the orchard of Spencer Brothers. Here a large block of vigorous seckel pear trees, some 200 in number, had practically all the bloom destroyed, while Kieffers, lying west of the seckels and also down on the hillside, were comparatively unaffected. Those east of the seckel block and farther up the hill had most of the blossoms in the upper part of the tree destroyed. It would seem from this as though REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI2 gai these insects drift with the wind and were probably carried from the seckels to the Kieffers by light breezes which would naturally sweep up the hill. A marked restriction, though not on such an extended scale, was likewise observed in an orchard at Coeymans Hollow and also in that of Mr William Albright about two and one-half miles from New Baltimore Station. In the latter instance injury was particu- larly marked in a hollow and extending part way up on a knoll, while those on the knoll and beyond were not seriously affected though the pest was to be found even there in small numbers. Description. The fruit growers will recognize this insect most easily by its operations as characterized above, nevertheless, for an accurate determination, especially in the case of outbreaks at a dis- tance from known infested areas, the microscopic characteristics of the adult must be recognized and on this account we reproduce below the excellent original description: j Female. Length, 1.26 mm; width of mesothorax, .32 mm; general color, dark brown. Head about as long as broad; cheeks convexed ; anterior margin broad, acutely angular; back of head transversely wrinkled, and bearing a few minute spines. Eyes medium, black, with light borders rounded or oval in outline, coarsely faceted, hairy. Ocelli yellow, margined inwardly with reddish brown crescents, widely separated, posterior ones contiguous, with light borders around eyes; one very long slender spine on each side midway be- tween ocelli. Mouth cone pointed, tipped with black; maxillary palpi three-segmented. Antennae eight-segmented, approximate, slightly over twice the length of head. Length of segments: 33, 43, 55, 52, 35, 50, 8, 10. Antennae brown, except segment 3, which is yellow. Spines pale, conspicuous, special sense organs on segments 3 and 4. Prothorax longer and wider than head; bears many prominent spines, the one at each anterior angle, and the two at each posterior angle are longest. Color, yellow-brown; faintly cross-striated. Mesothorax approximately as wide as antennae are long; front angles obtusely rounded; metanotal plate bears four spines close to front edge, middle pair equal in size and prominence to those at the angles of prothorax, the others are small; pterothorax yellow-brown, transversely wrinkled. Wings present, extending slightly beyond abdomen, about twelve times as long as wide, pointed at ends; surface of wings thickly covered with minute brown spines; both longitudinal veins and costa of forewings thickly set with quite long, brown-colored spines, placed regularly on costa and hind vein; costa has from 29 to 33 spines, forevein 12 to 15, and hind vein 15 to 16; veins not prom- inent ; costal fringe of forewings about twice as long as costal spines. Legs moderately long, scarcely thickened; femora and all except /2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the terminal part of tibia brown; terminal part and tibia and tarsi yellow, a double row of twelve strong spines on the inner side of hind tibia, several inconspicuous spines on fore and middle pairs. Abdomen about two and one-half times as long as width of meso- thorax, cylindrical to eighth segment, then abruptly pointed. Spines on sides and around tip of abdomen dark brown, conspicuous ; those on last two segments are long and approximately equal. Color of abdomen dark brown, connective tissue yellow. The young closely resemble the adult structurally, though there is a variation in size, and this stage is also characterized by the absence of wings. Life history. Investigations on both sides of the continent show that this pest winters in the soil, appearing upon the trees as the young leaves push from the buds, and feeds by preference upon the more tender and essential parts of the fruit buds. The slender, dark brown thrips may be found crawling between the partly opened leaves and working their way to the base of clusters of fruit buds. This habit of sheltering themselves among the growing tissues ma- terially lessens the efficacy of spray applications. Buds thickly in- fested with thrips become sticky, the blossom buds assume a brown, blasted appearance, the bud scales drop in unusual numbers, while affected blossom clusters gradually shrivel and fall. The stems of the young fruits are also injured, frequently resulting in an early dropping. The affected leaves are small, more or less crinkled, and with a characteristic spoon-shaped development. This condition may be true of extended areas, limited to a few trees here and there in an orchard, or confined to portions of trees and, in the latter in- stance, result in a very uneven setting of fruit (see plates I, 2). The microscopic eggs are deposited in minute slits in leaf and blossom stems. The whitish, red-eyed young soon appear and feed like the darker parents, on the tender leaves for about two weeks, drop to the ground and remain in the soil unchanged till fall. The insects produce small wounds on the foliage, the affected tissues drop out or break and seriously injured leaves are, as a consequence, badly perforated and quite ragged in appearance. Food plants. This minute enemy attacks a variety of deciduous fruits, having been recorded from apple, apricot, cherry, fig, grape, peach, pear, plum, prune, quince and the English walnut. The prin- cipal damage, as indicated by the common name, is to the pear. Distribution. This insect was first discovered in California, has been recorded from a number of localities in the Hudson valley and at Geneva, and also reported from England. Its minute size and REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 73 the probability of its being carried in soil with young trees, greatly favors the dissemination of the pest and will undoubtedly result shortly in its general distribution, even if it has not already become established in most of the more important fruit-growing regions. Preventive measures. An examination of conditions in the orchard of Mr William Albright near New Baltimore resulted in our learning that several years before, this pear orchard had been affected in a similar manner, and that the injury at that time, as well as that of last spring, occurred during seasons when the orchard had not been cultivated early in the spring. An examination of in- fested orchards at Coeymans Hollow, at Germantown and at Hudson showed that without exception the injury occurred on a heavy soil where early and thorough cultivation was presumably difficult or impossible. The pear thrips appears to be absent from orchards on the lighter, sandy soil of Kinderhook. It may be only a co- incidence, yet the fact that this delicate insect winters in the soil and has been in at least one instance seriously injurious to orchards which were not cultivated till late, suggests that in early cultivation, where practical, we may find a feasible method of preventing injury and avoid the relative costly repeated sprayings necessary where the insect is numerous. Remedial measures. The appearance of hosts of thrips in the early spring and their rapid work upon the developing leaves and fruit makes promptness an essential in the control of the pest. Ex- perience has shown that the thrips, when abundant, may practically destroy a crop in a few days and, furthermore, that most of those which can be reached by a spray succumb readily to the use of a tobacco extract such as black leaf 40 employed at the rate of 4 pint to 100 gallons of water to which was added 2 pounds of soap. Mr William Albright sprayed with this solution about 11.30 in the morning, shortly before it began to rain. It rained until about 2 p. m., and an examination thereafter showed numerous dead or dying thrips. The best results will be secured when this insecti- cide is applied as a coarse forcible spray, the nozzles being adjusted so as to throw the material down into the clusters of leaves and blossom buds. In the case of bad infestations, namely, where 10 to 15 thrips may be found in a single blossom cluster, a second spraying may be necessary the following day and a third possibly after the petals drop, for the purpose of destroying the young before they desert the trees and enter the soil. 74 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The most effective spraying is while the buds are swollen and be- fore they have opened sufficiently to produce crevices in which the thrips may find shelter and after the blossom clusters have sepa- rated so as to expose the thrips sheltering among the stems of the young fruit. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1904 Daniel, S. M. Ent. News, 15:294-05. 1907 Moulton, Dudley. U. S. Dep’t Agric., Bur. Ent., Bul. 68, pt 1, p. 1-16. ; 1909 ——————- U. S.. Dep’t Agric., Bur. Ent., Bul. 80, pt 4, p. 51-66. 1909 Bagnall, R. S. Econ. Biol. Jour., 4:37. 1911 Foster, S: W. & Jones, P. R. U. S. Dep't Agric, Bar. Fak Cie 13I, p. I-24. 1912. Parrott, P: J. N.Y. Agric. Expt Sta: Bull 243. leat miner -(Discheria malifolreila, Clem); The trumpet-shaped mines of this common apple insect were ex- ceedingly abundant in mid-August in the orchard of Mr J. P. Van Ness of East Greenbush. This insect is common though rarely numerous enough to cause material injury. The owner informs us 96 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM that there had been no spraying since 1900, at which time an effort was made to destroy forest tent caterpillars with a contact insecti- cide. The work of this apple enemy is easily recognized by its trumpet-shaped mine which commences as a glistening spot where the egg was laid, continues for a short distance as a narrow line, gradually expanding and then suddenly widens into an irregular expanded portion. The mine is on the upper side of the leaf and when old, turns brown and 1s scarcely seen from the under surface. It is inhabited by a greenish, footless, active caterpillar. The upper and lower walls of the mine are densely lined with silvery white silk forming a winter retreat for the larva, which latter trans- forms in the spring to the pupa at one end of the mine and in a short time forces its way partly out through the upper surface of the mine and then the moth emerges. This species appears on the foliage so late in the season that comparatively little injury is caused and, as a rule, remedial meas- ures are unnecessary. One method of controlling this insect in case of necessity 1s to burn the fallen leaves which, as stated above, contain larvae or pupae, and thus reduce the number of insects another season. Spraying the foliage in summer with Io to 15 per cent kerosene emulsion has also proved of value in destroying the larvae in their mines. | Palmer, worn. ( Yop sjo lo pila sy rie; elo alias eitaion) hemes tae: small, pale green or yellowish green, active, striped caterpillars of this species aroused much interest in 1900 because of their ex- treme abundance in orchards in Genesee county. This insect ordi- narily escapes attention and, prior to the above mentioned out- break, had scarcely been noticed subsequent to 1853. Palmer worm larvae were rather generally present the latter part of June 1912 in orchards in and about Byron and were found in small numbers upon apple trees at Nassau. Apples with freshly eaten irregular holes were noted near caterpillars, and one was found in a posi- tion which suggested that it had just been feeding upon the fruit. The full-grown caterpillar is about half an inch long and is then usually of a pale green or yellowish green color with a dusky, sub- dorsal line. The head may be either yellowish or blackish. Though there is considerable variation in color the larva is not difficult to recognize, since it is very active and drops much in the same manner as does the canker worm when disturbed. Leaves partly skeletonized by this insect soon turn brown, curl and present an unsightly, ragged appearance. It is interesting to note that the REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 Q7 increasing numbers of this species correspond with the greater abundance of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma dis- Etria Hubn. This latter insect, it may be recalled, was ex- tremely abundant and injurious about 1900 and reports received for the past season indicate that it is again becoming numerous. Palmer worm caterpillars appear to be somewhat resistant to arsenical poisons, though this may be explained in part possibly by their feeding upon leaves or portions of leaves likely to be missed when spraying. Furthermore, comparatively little of the insecticide adheres to the fruit, and once under the skin the cater- pillar has nothing to fear from poisons. There are good reasons for believing that thorough spraying with arsenate of lead for the control of the codling moth will at least prevent the Palmer worm from becoming sufficiently abundant to cause serious injury. Pear midge (Contarinia pyrivora Riley). This European pest became established in this country about 1877 and has been known as a pear enemy in the vicinity of Albany for a number of years. Its injuries are extremely local and usually confined to a small number of trees, as will be seen from the following record. An examination of a beurre bosc pear tree about three days after the blossoms had fallen re- sulted in finding young larvae at the base of the pistils or in adjacent cavities which they had excavated. The larvae were semitransparent and only about 1 mm long. The infested fruit could be easily distinguished at that time by its Fig. 15 Section of being about one-half larger than the normal beurre bose pear : showing crevice be- pears and decidedly more globular. Mr Thomas sige pistils (orig- Albright of West Coxsackie states that the inal) midge had seriously injured the fruit on this tree for a number of years and also had been more or less destructive on adjacent trees. The pear tree favored by the midge showed a large percentage, possi- bly 75, infested by the midge larvae. It is located near a fence and in sod, while others which were much less seriously affected were in cultivated land. It is possible that the lack of cultivation may be an important factor in enabling the midge larvae to hibernate success- fully. On May 27th the larger size and more globular shape (plate 10, figures I, 2) of the infested pears was still apparent though the fruit was beginning to be slightly lopsided, a development prior to its 98 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM cracking and the escape of the larvae. The maggots at this time were more than twice the size they were six days before, ranging from 1.25 mm to about 2 mm in length. They were yellowish white and appear much more active than earlier. The breastbone was quite distinct, the anterior margin being well chitinized. Doctor Schmidberger, who studied this insect in Europe, states that he found midges laying eggs as soon as the white petals showed between the lobes of the calyx, the petals being pierced by the long ovipositor. Only four days, according to his observations, were necessary between deposition of eggs and the finding of young larvae in the fruit. An examination of a young pear shows that the eggs can be deposited near the middle of the developing fruit if the female midge simply reaches down between the pistils and the thickened fleshy walls of the small pear. Mr Albright states that the beurre bosc, Bartlett and seckel pears are injured in about the order named, and an examination shows that the former two have a somewhat larger cavity at the base of the pistils. The larvae doubtless begin work at the bottom of the cavity and with com- paratively little effort make their way into the developing fruit upon which they subsist. June 3d a few of the beurre bosc pears received from Mr Albright were in fair con- Fig. 12 Section of pear injured dition, several were in such a state by pear midge (original) that a little pressure resulted in rup- ture, while in one or two the decay had advanced so far as to involve and discolor a portion of the external walls. It was only a question of a few days before many of the affected pears would rupture and the larvae escape. The full-grown maggots were at this time about 3 mm long, moderately stout, whitish or whitish orange and with a well-developed breastbone. The subsequent escape of the maggots from the infested fruit depends much upon climatic conditions, being greatly hastened by rain which results in the speedy crack- ing of the infested fruit. Specimen pears received from Mr Al- bright June 6th showed a black discolored area on one side and in a few instances this extended nearly around the pear, and in REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI2 99 one case included the entire fruit. The larvae were full grown and a number had deserted the pears. Owing to the local habits of this midge and the ease with which the infested fruit can be recognized, it is probable that one of the _ best and most effective methods of keeping this insect in control would be the early picking and destruction of the infested pears. This would involve no loss, since the fruit attacked by the midge can not develop. The only expense would be that attendant upon the collection and destruction of the young pears, a comparatively small item in the case of young trees and one which would doubt- less become quite insignificant if this treatment was systematically followed year after year. FOREST ANSECES Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hubn.). Reported injuries by this insect in 1911 led us to notice the species briefly and call attention to the possibility of its becoming more numerous this season or within a year or two. Some twenty acres of standing oak were defoliated at Bridgehampton, according to P. B. Matthews, while Messrs Isaac Hicks & Son reported under date of June 6th injury to oak on the Godfrey place in Old West- bury. The characteristic larvae were somewhat abundant though not destructive at Nassau. Specimens were received the latter part of June from A. E. Norman, Fillmore, Allegany county, while a number of reports were received from Adirondack localities. Prof. C. L. Williams observed the insect, though not excessively abun- dant, in the vicinity of Glens Falls. Mr A. N. Robson recorded it as present in increasing numbers at Lake George. There was serious injury to forest trees, probably by this species, at Ausable Forks according to George Chahoon, and the same was presumably the case at Jay, since Mr F. O. Bartlett reported extended defolia- tion, a portion of which was probably due to this species, since it was recorded as numerous in that locality the preceding year. Miss Bertha L. Paddock, Franklin Academy, Malone, observed the caterpillars feeding upon maple, mountain ash and hornbeam. It would appear from the tenor of reports received from widely separated localities, that this insect is becoming more abundant, and it is possible that there may be extended injury another season. The probability of severe injury can be accurately forecast by ex- amining hard maple twigs in particular and noting the relative abundance or scarcity of egg masses. This can be done easily from 4 100 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the ground if one has good eyesight, though a powerful field glass is of material service. As noted elsewhere, egg masses of the apple tent caterpillar are unusually abundant in one section and it would not be surprising if investigations showed the same was true of the forest tent caterpillar. Apple trees in the vicinity of forests are particularly likely to be injured in case there is an outbreak. An early spraying with arsenate of lead, using at least 2 pounds to 50 gallons of water, would be advisable under such conditions for the purpose of destroying the hosts of young caterpillars before material injury results. Locust leaf miner (Chalepus dorsalis Thunb.). Seri- ous injury by this species was observed at Syosset and in that vicinity in August and September Ig11, the beetles confining their operations largely to trees less than 30 feet high. An allied form, the rosy Hispa, C. nervosa Panz., was associated with and, in certain localities at least, more abundant than the parent of the locust leaf miner. The depredations of last season were continued this year, though in early July there was practically ‘no injury by the beetles. Full-grown larvae of the locust leaf miner were then common in locust leaves and a few adults were observed. There © were no signs of the allied C. nervosa. Early in August a totally different condition of affairs prevailed. The leaves of many of the larger trees, especially the apical ones, were brown, a con- dition due almost entirely to the feeding of the beetles. The latter were extremely abundant, two, four, six and even eight occurring on individual leaflets, the larger number being in the more sheltered situations. The small trees were more seriously affected than the larger ones, and from reports received subsequently it was evident that serious injury was inflicted. The extensive feeding at this season is evidently followed by the beetles going into hibernation, since there seems to be but one generation annually in this section. A more detailed account of this insect is given in our preceding report, New York State Museum Bulletin 155, pages 59-63. Serious injury by this insect was also recorded at Locust Valley by the Rev. William M. Cook. It is evident from observation of local conditions that thorough spraying with an arsenate of lead the latter part of July or early in August, at the time the beetles begin feeding upon the foliage, would result in protecting the trees from serious injury. This treatment can be advised only for the more highly prized trees on lawns or possibly along roadsides. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 IOI Bronze birch borer (A grilus anxius Gory). The destruc- tive work of this pest at Lansingburg, northern Troy, was recorded last year and observations the present season show that the tops of the infested trees have succumbed. Furthermore, this borer is well established in the southern part of Troy and in Washington. park, Albany. It is probably becoming well distributed in this sec- tion, and the history of white birches in recent years in the west- ern part of the State may be shortly duplicated in the Hudson valley. The signs of injury are well marked and are first evidenced by the thin foliage and dying condition of the upper branches. A more detailed examination may result in finding well-marked an- nular ridges around some of the smaller branches, frequently ac- companied by reddish or rusty brown spots here and there on the white bark, indicating the operation of a borer beneath. This can be confirmed by cutting into the tree, especially where there are ridges and disclosing in the inner bark or sapwood a flattened, usually more or less sinuous channel. The only practical method of con- trolling this insect is to cut out and burn all affected wood prior to early May, since the beetles appear the latter part of that month or early in June and may then attack other trees. A more detailed account of this insect is given in the writer’s report for last year. Pine bark borer (Ips pini Say). This medium size to small bark borer is one of the most destructive of these forms in this section. An examination of conditions in the outskirts of Schenec- tady resulted in finding many dead white pines here and there in groves. They almost invariably had succumbed to attacks by this bark borer and the operations of its allies. The dead pines seen here and there had been killed earlier, while some showing needles were nearly dead and still others were found to be very badly infested: though there was no appreciable change in the character of the foliage. The latter trees had the inner bark fairly riddled the last of August with the longitudinal galleries of the beetles and the irregular transverse expanding burrows of the grubs. Practically the only externat evidence of the injury at that time was inconspicuous particles of brown or white sawdust thrown out by the beetles as they were entering the trees, and an occasional pitch tube. The latter is about a quarter of an inch high and in diameter and is made by the beetle bringing out particles of pitch and piling them around the point.of entrance. The presence of pitch tubes is indisputable evidence of the beetles attacking living: 102 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM trees. At this time there were under the bark many grubs, numer- ous pupae and a few recently transformed beetles. Some of the beetles were about ready to desert the tree and it was evident that most of the others would leave the trunk within a week or two and attack some adjacent tree. Observations in 1900 showed that about eight weeks were necessary to complete the life cycle, so there was a fair chance of the recently emerging beetles attacking other trees and their progeny attaining maturity before they would be obliged to suspend activities because of approaching cold weather. There has been a material increase in injuries to trees by bark borers during the past decade or more. Hundreds of pines, most of them magnificent specimens, have succumbed to these insidious enemies in the near vicinity of Albany. It is probable that the ex- cessive droughts and extremely low winter temperatures of recent years have had an important effect upon many trees and resulted in lowering their vitality and probably making conditions more favorable for insect attack. These changes have, furthermore, been accentuated in suburban sections by the cutting out of many trees and the sudden exposure of previously shaded trunks to full sunlight. These factors have probably had an important effect upon insects habitually preying upon the trees. The recognition of the causes may make it possible, in some measure at least, to avoid trouble in the future. It is obviously impossible to bring about speedy changes in climatic conditions, nevertheless the general adoption of a program which would result in the reforestation of areas now producing very little or nothing, should eventuate in welcome changes. Well-distributed, thrifty forest areas would tend to reduce the violence of our floods, miti- gate the extremes of temperatures and conserve much needed moisture for the midsummer months. This would result in better growing conditions for our trees and enable them in turn to resist more successfully their insect enemies. There is no practical method of destroying this bark borer if it has become well established in the tree, unless possibly in the case of highly prized pines standing upon lawns or private grounds. The important fact to recognize is that infested trees are not only doomed but may produce millions of beetles which will speedily attack others in the vicinity. The preservation of pines now re- maining must depend in large measure upon the recognition of bark borer injury at an early stage and the prompt destruction, - preferably by burning, of at least the bark with its contained ‘in- sects. All should understand that the most dangerous pines, so REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 103 far as adjacent trees are concerned, are those which show little or no discoloration of the foliage and very few exit or “ shot holes,’ since these are the trees which contain the largest number of destructive borers. Pines which died the preceding year or earlier, while infested more or less by other borers, are not a menace to living trees. Furthermore, if satisfactory results are to be obtained by cutting out and destroying infested pines, it is es- sential that there should be cooperation on the part of all, since the bark borers fly readily for considerable distances. Platypus punctulatus Chap. Numbers of this Central American borer were taken last August on Panama logs which had been shipped around the Horn and were then in the lumber yard at Astoria. The beetles were coming out in large numbers and attack- ing freshly sawn sappy mahogany in the yards, running longitudinal and, in some instances, vertical galleries into the wood. It was estimated that the injury in early August was as high as $200 a day. An- other Ambrosia beetle, namely, X yle- borus torquatus Eich.,, was also taken in some numbers on the mahogany logs. With the above were associated Bpecics' Of Aulonium bidenta- foi abr, Xuthia -brevipes moro and “Palorus —meélinus Herbst. The Scolytids were kindly iden- tied by Doctor Hopkins through the courtesy of Doctor Howard, while the other Coleoptera were determined by Doctor Schwarz, both of Washington. Fig. 13 Dorsal view of Pine bark aphid (Chermes pini- Platypus punctu- corticis Fitch). Early in July /4tus,x 77% (original) our attention was called to some eight or nine large pine trees in the western end of Albany. These pines were very badly infested by this bark louse; the upper portion of the trunk and the under side of the larger limbs being nearly covered with the white cottony excretion. One tree was dead, probably having suc- cumbed to earlier attacks, while a second was in a dying condition. An examination of the latter showed that various borers had begun work under the thicker bark, and that in all probability the tree would die before the end of the season. It is possible that these trees, as in the case of park trees observed in earlier years, may 104 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM have had their vitality reduced somewhat by unfavorable condi- tions, not exempting very severe droughts and extremely low winter temperatures. These, however, must be considered only as predisposing factors, since the primary injury appears to have been caused by this insect. The conditions observed the past season have been duplicated in earlier years in Albany and vicinity. This aphid is also injurious to pine seedlings and has been observed on balsam. Fortunately it is very liable. to attack by our various species of ladybeetles which are undoubtedly of material assistance in keeping it in control. The aphid winters as yellowish brown eggs well protected by a copious, waxy secretion, the young appearing in the latitude of Albany from the middle to the latter part of May. The full-grown female is dark grayish purple and about one-thirty-second of an inch long. It is very probable that this pest can be controlled satisfactorily by a forcible spray of cold water which would wash off large numbers of the insects. [experiments have shown that thorough spraying with a kerosene emulsion, the standard formula probably diluted with 9 parts of water, was very effective when the appli- cation was made in May. It is probable that a whale oil soap solu- tion, using I pound to 4 gallons of water would be equally satisfac- tory. In either event the spray should be coarse and forcible so as to drive the insecticide through the woolly protective matter and bring it into contact with the underlying insect. MISCELLANEOUS Hawthorn sawfly (Trichiosoma tibialis Steph.). A cocoon of this European species was received April 10, 1911 through the State Department of Agriculture. The specimen was removed from Crataegus which had been imported from Holland. The adult was reared and the provisional identification confirmed. A badly crushed cocoon, apparently of the same species and taken from rose sticks imported from England, was transmitted for identification by the Commissioner of Agri- culture November 27, 1912. Fig. 14 Hawthorn sawfly (original) This insect is closely allied to the native elm sawfly, Cimbex americana Leach, a species which is rather common in New York State and is found especially ee” heh ee REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 105 upon elm and willow. This European sawfly is about half the size of the Cimbex referred to above and may be recognized by its nearly uniform, black color and the dull rufous tarsi. The body is about three-quarters of an inch long, the wing spread one and one-half inches ; the head, thorax and the base of the abdomen are thickly and irregularly clothed with rather long, tawny hairs. The general characteristics of the adult are shown in the accompanying figure. The cocoon is about three-quarters of an inch long, subcylindric, with rounded ends, the posterior usually being narrowly so. The walls of this cocoon are composed of yellowish or tawny, matted silk more or less covered with foliage. The insect escapes by forc- ing off a lid at the broadly rounded anterior extremity. The young larva, according to Cameron, has a black head and a green body, the color usually being concealed by a powdery, whitish excretion. The full-grown larva is bright greenish yellow with a darker dorsal line. The yellowish head has a large, brownish orange mark on the vertex. The legs are pale whitish green, the claws brown and the spiracles reddish. The skin is covered with minute warts and sparsely dusted with a white powder. The hawthorn is given as the preferred food plant, though judging from the synonomy it also occurs upon birch. We have followed Gillanders in the use of tibialis as the specific name, though Cameron assigns this, together with leucorum Westw. and crataegi Br. & Zad. as synonyms of betuleti Klug. Owing to this species being restricted in its food plants to species of relatively small economic value, itis Fig 15 Cocoon hardly likely that it could become, even if estab- of hawthorn saw- ‘ ; 7 . fly (original) lished, a serious pest in America. Neuroterus saltatorius Hy. Edw. A white oak leaf bearing numerous specimens of this interesting gall, a globose, unilocular swelling less than 1 mm in diameter and on the under side, was received under date of July 24, 1912 from Mr R. M. Taylor, in- structor in pathology, Michigan Agricultural College, Ann Arbor, Mich. Mr Taylor called attention to the snapping or jumping habit of the galls, and careful listening enabled us to detect a low snap- ping or crackling, evidently due to the activity of the insect within the gall. This was easily demonstrated at a distance of an inch or 106 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM two from the ear, and in spite of the fact that the specimens had been in press a week before they were forwarded. Mr Taylor also stated that these galls, when laid upon the table, jumped around more or less as a result of larval activities. The single chamber in the gall, according to Mr Taylor, contains a large, white, legless larva, its anterior extremity being attached to the inner wall. This species has been reported from New York State, though the identity of the eastern gall with the Californian deformity originally described by Mr Edwards is questioned (see William Beuten: mueller, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1910, 28:125). Two-spotted ladybeetle (Adalia bipunctata Linn.). This small ladybeetle was extremely abundant on a Norway maple at Nassau, which appeared to be only moderately infested with Chaitophorus aceris -Linn.- Scattering colonies’ of tm plant louse were to be seen upon most of the lower leaves at least, and the grubs of this ladybeetle were commonly found, there being on July 7th, two or three partly grown grubs or pupae on most of the lower leaves. The injury by the plant louse was: so reduced that there was practically no dropping of leaves in spite of the extremely dry weather of the last three weeks or thereabouts. This ladybeetle was also abundant though not quite so evident on apple and cherry trees, both of which were somewhat infested by plant lice. This beneficial form was likewise quite abundant June Ioth at Mount Vernon. One sugar maple was seen with seven or eight pupal skins or pupae on one leaf. A Norway maple in Washington Park, Albany, observed the 11th, had many of these beneficial in- sects upon the leaves, one, two or more grubs on individual leaves being not uncommon. . Two-spotted Anomala (Anomala binotata Gyll.). A specimen of this southern form, listed as occurring in New Jersey and Indiana, was taken in Albany from a box of presumably New Jersey strawberries. This species has not been recorded from New York State, though it may possibly occur in the extreme southern or southwestern section. This record is of interest mainly as an illustration of the effect commerce may have upon the distribution of insects. Mosquito control. The interest in this phase of applied en- tomology continues, the shore communities being especially active. The village of Rye, as a result of the excessive abundance of salt REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLQGIST : 19QT2 LO] marsh mosquitos in I9II, contracted with a company for the thor- ough drainage of the salt meadows and such upland territory as atforded natural breeding places for mosquito larvae. The work on the salt meadows, we are informed by a local correspondent, proved particularly effective and throughout the entire village mo- squitos were very scarce during the season. The scanty rainfall of the early summer was also of service in that breeding pools re- mained small, and though the drainage work was not completed until September, a marked decrease in the number of mosquitos was observed. The expense of this work was $4250. This was met in part by subscription, the village contributing $2000 from the tax budget. Other shore communities in New York State have obtained strik- ing benefits as a result of systematic drainage, which latter involves a moderate annual expenditure for the maintenance of the ditches in good condition. The value of this work, owing to the migratory habits of the common salt marsh mosquito, is greatly increased if it be made general throughout a section where such breeding con- ditions obtain. The pioneer work of communities along this line can not be indorsed too highly and should serve as a marked stimu- lus to those adjacent. There is no question as to the practicability of eliminating almost entirely the mosquito nuisance, even in the immediate vicinity of salt marshes. The village of Lawrence, with salt marshes almost contiguous on three sides of the residential section, is a striking example of what may be accomplished by systematic and thorough work. The material benefits accruing from such undertakings will become more evident with the progress of time and we confidently expect that within a few years mosquito- ridden salt marshes and the almost intolerable mosquito nuisance will be found only near a few unprogressive communities. Cotton moth (Alabama argillacea Hubn:) The re- markable flight of this insect in 1911 was duplicated in considerable measure the present season, though in some localities the moths were not so numerous as a year ago. The first record of the season we have is September 18th, based on an observation made by Mr E. P. Van Duzee at Buffalo. Mr Bird reports the largest number at Rye, Westchester county, from October 8th to 12th. The moths were seen by a number of competent observers in widely separated sections of the State between October 1oth and 12th and later. The fresh, unrubbed condition of the insects was noted by several, 108 NEW YORK-STATE MUSEUM and this, in connection with the nearly simultaneous appearance of thousands in localities remote from any known food plant, would seem explainable only by the moths rising in hosts from the cotton fields and drifting hundreds of miles in the upper air before alight- ing. Detailed records from New York localities are given below: Richmond county. Mr William T. Davis records the appearance of some moths October 11th, and on the 12th stated that they were quite abundant about the lights at St George Ferry Landing on Staten island. Westchester county. Mr Henry Bird states that the moths ap- peared in the largest numbers October 8th to 12th, though at no time did they appear to be so numerous as last year. He first ob- served a few scattering moths October 3d, their numbers increas- ing daily up to the 11th, at which time they appeared to be present in maximum numbers. They displayed a marked preference for well-ripened Concord grapes, a little jarring of the trellis being sufficient to flush a cloud of moths from the vines, to which they would promptly return. Most of the specimens were in perfect condition and in shady woodlands he observed them flying consid- erably during the day. The local flight, as observed by Mr Bird, was of short duration and extended but a few yards. The last examples observed at Rye were seen on October 15th. Orange county. Mr Bird states that at Middletown numbers were observed on October 14th and he was informed that they had been more numerous for two or three days previous. They seemed to be more abundant than at Rye and were in evidence until the 22d. | Otsego county. Prof. 1. P. Bishop of Buffalo advised us that he learned of the appearance of the cotton moth in thousands about October toth at Index. The moths were reported as being so numerous that it was necessary to sweep them from the slippery railroad tracks. Ontario county. Prof. P. J. Parrott of the Geneva station states that the cotton moths were exceedingly abundant at Geneva October 10th and 11th, being so numerous as to collect in the gutters to the depth of about three to four inches near the coke and gas works on the eastern side of the city. He also adds that they appeared on the same dates at Canandaigua. Monroe county. The moths were extremely abundant at Roch- ester, according to press reports based upon an identification by Prof. P. J. Parrott of Geneva. REPORT: OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 IOQ Genesee county. Press dispatches record the appearance of mil- lions of these moths at Batavia before daylight on October 12th. They were so numerous that merchants were credited with having “swept them from the sidewalks and sides of their stores in basket- fuls.”’ Chenango county. Mr Harry J. Mosher, New Berlin, October 11th, forwarded specimens which appeared in great numbers. Mr Miller states that they were seen about five o’clock in the morning, as near as he could ascertain. “‘ Earlier risers found underneath an arc light at the very center of the village, on the ground, a solid mass of these millers or moths, several inches in depth and cover- ing a space at least a rod across. The adjoining buildings and trees were also literally brown with them.” Wyoming county. Mr M. S. Baxter reports the presence of the moths at Warsaw. Livingston county. Prof.G. W. Bailey of the State Normal School, Geneseo, forwarded a moth under date of October gth, with the statement that he saw from fifteen to twenty under an arc lamp. He reports that on October 11th thousands of the insects were found on Main street, they were being swept from windows and walks, and a great number were observed resting on trees, windows and even in the street. He adds that they were practically limited to two lights at the south end of the town, only a few occurring at four other lights farther up town. The specimens seemed to be in perfect condition. Erie county. The first cotton moths observed in Buffalo were seen by Mr E. P. Van Duzee on September 18th. They were most abundant October 11th, when many windows of the down-town stores were well covered with the insects. Mr Van Duzee had never seen so many of this species before. Mr M. S. Baxter, 75 State street, Rochester, also reported an abundance of this moth in Buffalo on October toth. Prof. I. P. Bishop of the State Normal School, Buffalo, reported the appearance of this moth at Buffalo October 11th, stating that as many as one hundred could be counted upon a window. Mr Bishop found the flight limited in considerable measure to certain sections of the city, namely, Main street from the harbor to North street with stray individuals farther north and for two blocks either side of Main street for the greater part of the same distance; near the harbor, west of Main street and on Exchange street near the New York Central and Erie stations; in the vicinity of Niagara street and the city line, and also in the north- west part of the city. A few, he states, were reported from Depew. TIO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM City Forester H. B. Filer reported the appearance of large numbers of the moths on the afternoon of October toth, the insects being present in large numbers the following day, the next two days and disappearing for the most part by the 13th and 14th. He states that they seem to come with a southeast wind along with a rain storm, and were so numerous that the gutters of the lower part of Main street were literally covered with dead insects. Niagara county. Mr M. F. Burke, assistant inspector of the State Department of Agriculture, observed this moth to be very nu- merous in the city of Lockport at about the same time it was so extremely abundant in Buffalo, namely October toth to 12th. Albany county. A few specimens of this moth were observed on the office window October 12th and the presence of the moth was reported from other parts of Albany. The specimens seen were in perfect condition. Schenectady county. Mr Richard Lohrmann saw the first speci- men at Schenectady on September 18th, the next on the 23d, swarms appearing October 7th to 12th, and the last individual was noted on October 17th. The shop windows of the General Electric Light Company were covered with the moths, though not very many were noted about the street lights. Otsego county. Specimens were received October 15th from Oneonta through the courtesy of Mr G. G. Atwood of the Depart- ment of Agriculture. Saratoga county. Mr H. T. Wakely of Corinth states that the cotton moth made its appearance there in thousands on the evening of October 11th. They were abundant on the 12th and ceased fly- ing on the 13th though one was taken alive on the 16th. Clinton county. Prof. G. H. Hudson of the State Normal School has kindly placed at our disposal his records relative to the earlier appearance of the cotton moth at Plattsburg. The data are tab- ulated below: 1886 September 28, 1886 September 29, I specimen 4 specimens I 1891 October 7, I specimen 1891 October 13, I specimen 1893 September I9, I specimen 1893 September 20, I specimen 1893 September 22, I specimen 1893 September 23, 2 specimens 1893 October 10, I specimen ee See SE = | =< REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI2 II! Professor Hudson adds that he has not been able to look for the insect since 1893, though he believes it to be a rather regular visitor. Apparently it was not abundant in that section last October. The flight of the cotton moth was closely followed in some local- ities by the appearance of numerous specimens of the lime tree winter moth, Erannis tiliaria Harr., a species mistaken by some for the cotton moth. This latter form was reported by Mr E. P. Van Duzee as unusually abundant at Buffalo on October 22d. It was numerous around the electric lights of Schenectady in the week of October 1oth, according to Richard Lohrmann. Numerous specimens were also observed about the same time in different sections of Albany. The same phenomenon, though perhaps not to such a marked extent, was noted by Henry Bird at Rye. Southern captures. In connection with the record given above relating to the large flights of the cotton moth, Alabama ar- gillacea Hutbn., we deem it advisable to place on record the capture by Mr Henry Bird at Rye of the following three species of southern Noctuids: Autographa oxygramma Geyer, Anomis erosa Hubn. and Anticarsia gemmatilis Hubn. Mr Bird states from observations covering a period of twenty-eight years, that he has not previously noted these insects in that locality. Periodical Cicada (Tibicen septendecim Linn.). The appearance of a large brood of this insect in Igt1 aroused much interest, and as an indirect outcome, we received from Prof. G. A. Bailey June I1, 1912, a report that he had found several nymphs of this insect emerging from the ground on Major Wadsworth’s estate at Geneseo. Subsequently adults were forwarded and there can be no question as to the identity of the insect. Professor Bailey states that the few observed occurred within a narrow radius in a piece of second growth timber. There is a record of a colony of brood 12, the one which appeared in such large numbers in the Hudson valley in 1911, in the northern part of Pennsylvania and not so very distant from Geneseo. Should the insects noted above belong to this brood they must be considered as stragglers, other- wise it is necessary to associate them with brood three, no colony of which has been recorded nearer New York State than central- western Ohio and the northern portion of West Virginia. This seems to be a weak colony, since we have been unable to obtain any information respecting the earlier appearance of the insect in that section. IIi2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The occurrence of belated individuals is amply substantiated by records kindly placed at our disposal by Mr W T Davis of New Brighton, who found periodical Cicadas on Staten island in 1895 and again in 1912. They were likewise found the past season by Mr Davis at West Point. In all cases they were undoubtedly belated individuals from the brood which appeared in such large numbers in 1894 and 1911. Mr Davis has also collected specimens of this brood in 1893 and Igo, one year in advance of the normal time for emergence. Mr Henry D. Lewis of Annandale informs us that no belated individuals were observed by him in 1912, though he had seen them following earlier appearances of this insect. juniper bug '( Pentjatoan'a) (uns pet rman ind yo eae large, green, reddish or pinkish margined stinkbug is comparatively rare in New York State. It was found in unusual numbers on small pines at North Chatham May 11, 1912, eight to ten occurring on individual trees only three to four feet high. The insects did not seem to be feeding. They had evidently recently emerged from hibernation and were associated with specimens of Brochymena and Euschistus. Mite migration. An interesting specimen of Helobia punctipennis Meign., a small fly only about three-sixteenths of an inch long, was taken at Albany June 25, 1911. The abdomen of this specimen bore six relatively large mites, several of them ranged one behind the other in a regular series. This mite was submitted to Doctor Howard for determination and identified by Mr Banks as a Gamasid belonging to the genus Seius and probably undescribed. Mr Banks points out that these mites were probably upon the fly for migratorial purposes and were not parasitic, despite the fact that mites are frequently observed upon insects and com- monly supposed to be parasitic. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 113 PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST The following is a list of the principal publications of the Ento- mologist during the year 1912. The titles, time of publication and a summary of the contents of each are given. Volume and page numbers are separated by a colon. Dying Hickory Trees. Auburn Advertiser, November 3; Buffalo Commercial, Middletown Argus, New York Tribune, November 5; Geneva Times, Lockport Union-Sun, Ossining Citizen, Water- town Standard, Schenectady Star, Amsterdam Recorder, Novem- ber 6; Glens Falls Times, Catskill Mail, Rome Sentinel, Novem- ber 7; Greenwich Journal, Yonkers News, Oxford Times, No- vember 8; Phoenix Register, Peekskill Union, Norwich News, Perry Record, November 9; Cortland Standard, Randolph Regis- ter, Rensselaer Eagle, Tioga County Record, November 10; Sara- toga Eagle, Yonkers Gazette, November 11; Kingston Freeman, November 17; Catskill Examiner, Pelham Sun, Brooklyn Times, November 18; Washington County Post, November 24, I9II The characteristic work of the hickory bark borer, Eccoptogas- ter quadrispinosa Say, is described and the destruction of infested wood during the winter advised. Codling Moth. New York State Department of Agriculture, Bulle- tin 28, I9II, pages 237-50 (issued December 14, 1911). Reprinted as Circular 40 A summarized discussion of Carpocapsa pomonella Linn. and methods of control in the light of recent experiments. New Species of Gall Midges. Economic Entomology Journal, 1911, 4 2546-59 The following new species are described: Leptosyna quercus hanercivorta|, Asphondylia eupatorty, “Ao thaive- fae A eelia (PP Braveonantellay" ntexitcana, 9 Comtia- rinia Spiraeina, Dicrodiplosis Ccogetda rime Dy eiiiette:, Mycodiplosis carolina, «M. coccidivora, mM. encurbitade, M. spinosa, Youngomyia gquercin a, Mm veruoniae; Ayperdiplosis fungicola; Paratheto- diplosis cAaieewie, Cecido my2ta )x.eraisitoh tha aes Bepiiace. Liowida cucurbitae, Ll. spits eimas, cee bPowedit, 1. pueionis,oL. cincta and ts ,s;eamadiemais- 1Titles are usually given as published. In some instances articles appearing in a number of papers have been given different titles by the various editors. 114 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The Seventeen-year Locust. American Year Book, 1911. 1912, pages 498-99 Summary account of the 1911 appearance of the periodical Cicada, Tibicén septendecim Linn. The Identity of the Better Known Midge Galls. Ottawa Natur- alist, I912, 25 :164-67, 181-88 Lists some of the earlier described species of Lasioptera, Neolasiop- tera, Asteromyia, Rhabdophaga and Dasyneura. Biology of Miastor and Oligarces. Science, February 16, 1912, 35 :278-80 A summarized account giving the American distribution, recognition characters and observations on the biology and natural enemies. Bronze Birch Borer. Garden Magazine, February, 1912, 15:36 A summary statement of injuries with a discussion of control meas- tires) for vAvew ills) vad xt se NGory. Control of Insect Pests in Institutions. Journal Home Economics, February, 1912, 4:16-26 A general discussion of the more important household insect pests with special reference to their control in institutions. Shade Tree Prospects. Middletown Times, Albany Times Union, New York Tribune, March 11; Glens Falls Times, Knicker- bocker Press, March 12; Syracuse Journal, Greenwich Journal, March 13; Washington County Post, March 22; Schenectady Gazette, March 30; Troy Press, April 4, 1912 The serious injury by the elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Miull., the preceding year is briefly characterized and thorough spray- ing urged. Fight Against Codling Moth. Rural New Yorker, March 16, 1912, 71°355, 393, 395 Summary account of experimental work and methods of controlling this pest. Save the Trees. Troy Budget, March 17, 1912, page 24 A general discussion of the shade tree situation with special reference to methods of controlling the elm leaf beetle. Save the Hickories. Troy Times, March 30; Glens Falls Times, April 1; Utica Herald Dispatch, April 2; Ogdensburg Journal, Auburn Advertiser, Lockport Journal, Poughkeepsie Union, Amsterdam Recorder, April 3; Warwick Advertiser, Ithaca REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 Il5 Journal, April 4; Binghamton Press, Poughkeepsie Eagle, Syra- cuse Herald, April 5; Albany Sunday Telegram, April 7; Hud- son Falls Herald, Schenectady Gazette, April 11; Cortland Standard, April 17; Catskill Recorder, Suffern Recorder, April EO; 1Q12 The characteristic work of the hickory bark borer, Eccoptogas- ter quadrispinosa Say, is described and the prompt destruction of infested trees urged. Early Leaf Feeders. Knickerbocker Press, April 4; Utica Ob- perver April 6, 1912 The work of the early leaf feeders, such as the apple tent caterpillar, the canker worms, the bud moth and the case-bearers, is briefly described and remedial measures advised. Spraying Apples. Utica Press, Knickerbocker Press, April 11; Utica Observer, Albany Argus, April 12; Watertown Herald, Yonkers Herald, Rome Sentinel, April 13; Binghamton Herald, Troy Times, April 15; Orange County Record, Yates County Chronicle, Cortland Standard, April 17; Washington County Post, Plattsburg Press, April 19; Poughkeepsie Eagle, April 20; Hoosick Falls Democrat, Penn Yan Express, April 24; Cobles- kill Index, April 25; Catskill Recorder, Waterloo Observer, April 26; Hudson Falls Herald, May 2; Ithaca Journal, May 3; Warwick Dispatch, May &; Oswego Gazette, May 9, 1912 The results from one thorough spraying with arsenate of lead are summarized and arsenate of lead, 2 pounds to 50 gallons of water and a pressure of 125 to 150 pounds or more, advised. New West Indian Gall Midges. Entomological News, April 1912, 23 :173-77 The following species are described: Uleella [Bruggmani- awa lipisoniade, Mycodiplosiss pulvinarive,, Artie a@cihodax meridionalis and Hyperdiplosis produwcta, Practical Methods in Controlling the Codling Moth. Western New York Horticultural Society Proceedings, 1912, pages 74-82 A summary discussion of the results obtained in Igog-I1. Spraying for Codling Moth. New York State Fruit Growers’ As- sociation Proceedings, 1912, pages 190-97 General summary of experimental work in 1909-11, with special refer- ence to Hudson valley conditions. 116 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Recent Experiments with the Codling Moth. Economic Entomol- ogy Journal, 1912, 5:153-59 A summary discussion of experimental work. i aslopteryx manihot nm) sp, (Diptera) Canadianeeato. mologist, 1912, 44:144 Original description of a species reared from Cassava, Manihot utilissima. Pear Thrips. Albany Journal, May 4; Catskill Mail, May 6, 1912 Injuries by this pest are noted and spraying with a tobacco soap preparation advised. Plant Lice —A Warning. Troy Times, Ossining Citizen, Middle- town Times, Utica Herald Dispatch, May 4; Knickerbocker Press, Times Union, Yonkers Herald, May 6; Schenectady Star, Oneonta Star, May 7: Wanwvick Dispatch, Penn Van) Eaapmess May 8; Fonda Democrat, Utica Press, May 9; Suffern Recorder, Madison County Times, Penn Yan Democrat, Randolph Regis- ter, Oneida Dispatch, Rensselaer County Standard, Catskill Recorder, Poughkeepsie Eagle, May 10; Saratoga Eagle, May 11; New York Tribune, May 13; Watkins Review, May 15; Hudson Gazette, May 16; Hudson Falls Register, May 23, 1912 A warning notice advising early and prompt spraying before aphids become excessively abundant. Control of Elm Leaf Beetle. Schuylerville Democrat, May 15, IQI2 A somewhat extended discussion of the fundamentals involved in the satisfactory control of this insect.. Spraying Elms. Albany Journal, Troy Record, May 21; Troy Press, Saratoga Sun, Times Union, Knickerbocker Press, May 22: Catskill Mail, Hudson Register, May 23; Troy Times, Cat- skill Enterprise, May 25, 1912 Thorough spraying of the elms is urged and at least 4 pounds of arsenate of lead to 50 gallons of water advised. Spraying Apparatus. Schenectady Star, May 28, 1912 A brief discussion of the cost and relative advantage of various types of spraying apparatus. Villages and municipalities should obtain as good results spraying as tree protecting firms. Arsenate of lead is ad- vised as the best poison. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQi2 Insects and Shade Trees. IQ12, 6:731-32 117 The American City (New York) May A summary discussion of the shade tree problem in the northeastern * United States. Forest Tent Caterpillar. Albany Journal, June 3; Schenectady Star, Glens Falls Times, Troy Record, Newburg News, June 4; Middletown Argus, Albany Argus, June 5; Keeseville News, Rensselaer County Standard; June 7; Fort Plain Free Press, ime 11> .Fort Jervis Gazette, June 123) Warwick Advertiser, Fulton County Democrat, June 13; Catskill Recorder, June 14; Utica Advocate, June 15; Binghamton Herald, June 19; War- rensburg News, Massena Observer, June 20, Owego Gazette, woune 27, -I912 A warning notice in regard to possible depredations by this insect. 27th Report of the State Entomologist on Injurious and Other In- sects of the State of New York. New York State Museum Bulletin 155, pages 1-198, plates 27 (issued June 13, IgI2) Contents Page Page MRO CUCEONM. 0. 30.2 e Lee S ) Expentments: with heat as van MITIOUS!, INSECTS: : 2.) i... ested 13 IMSECLICICE? Siw tas eee 2 OS Sodiiney moth: . 21 ./.0kesiee 13. Wotes forthe, yea ess 98 IDS MOEA do Aste Acs ¢ 42 GUIs bheCuImISCCESe ay tae ee 98 Green maple worm.......... 48 Smallttenit insects: eee 102 BrISMNOReT ye oi tebine AAAeoee OA 52 Shade.tiree, pestst-. a4) ace: 104 ISIC HSEI ER 1 oe 54 Forest: pests eae eee IIO Maple leat cutters oss. 2.0/4. 56 Miscellaneots. Tapes eet eee i Mocust Wear miner a. $3... 3.61" 59 Publications of the Entomolo- eich EMis@at, si. oak sak Toot 63 CISTI, ale TE oo eT ee a Rose lean liopper. Veo ood. 65 Additions to collections...... 130 eniodical “Cicada..<...0>.... 68.9 Explanation of platest-s 3... 137 A report upon the condition Id exis. Pe 3 eee TO of the shade trees of the city of Mount Vernon, N. Vi ee 98 Daateuronomytda californica m, sp. Pomona College Journal of Entomology, 1912, 4:752 Description of a midge reared from subconic leaf galls on Artemisia ealiftornica. 118 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Observations on the Identity of the Wheat Midge. Economic En- tomology Journal, 1912, 5 :286-8 Prodiplosis tit chit, and ltonved tritici are described as new. A detailed description is given of Thecodiplosis mosel- lana Gehin. Anthrenus’ verbasci. Economic Entomology Journal, 1912, 5 1297 Records the continued breeding of this insect in dried corn for a period of ten years. Priority vs Nomina Conservanda. Science, July 5, 1912, 36:17-18 A general discussion with special reference to the Itonididae. Adherence to the strict law of priority is urged. The Fundamentals of. Spraying. New York State Department of Agriculture Bulletin 37, pages 1413-20, Ig12 A summary discussion of materials and methods. Elm Leaf Beetle and White-marked Tussock Moth. New York State Museum Bulletin 156, pages 1-35, plates 8, I912 (issued July 11, 1912) Contents Page Page fntcoductiony. eo toe eae eS Remedial’ measures..2.2- LE Mim ‘leat sbeetles:. oa... 2a 6 White-marked tussock moth.. 14 Restits of attacks... 22: . 7 Description, . 212-2 ees HOOd Dlants) ys. Sele anon 7 Life history and habits..... 15 Distribution. (. 22 vac. eee 07, Rood: plants) clos eee 16 Description. ... by atk EA aoe MS Natural Jenentiessce.) ieee 16 MiteshistORy ..% cs es sk bY sees 9 Remedies joy oa Ace ees eee 16 Natural enemies? 3 ..5e05.: 10 Explanation of , plates...72:.22 19 Preventive measures........ TO Ny Unidexs ou ek Se ee ee ey New Itonididae. New York Entomological Society Journal, 1912, 20 :102-7 The followimg new species are described: Campylomyza trun- cata, Corinthomyta eractlis.. Johnson om yiaceomne tar AsyHiapta “Americana, Campromyida aecstiya, Perna cond yla vwermalis. (PY Mdwetiein) OR porte cian. (O.asa neura eugeniae and Youngomyia pennsylvanica. Itonida inopis O. S. Economic Entomology Journal, 1912, 5 :368-69 A general biologic account with descriptions of all stages. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 II9Q White Grubs. Knickerbocker Press, August 16; Kinderhook Courier, August 22, 1912 A brief record of severe injury in southern Rensselaer and northern Columbia counties, with observations upon their habits and methods of control. Scraping Trees. Guide to Nature, August 1912, 5:13 The common practice of scraping the rough bark from shade trees is considered of practically no benefit. Damage By White Grub and the Chinch Bug. Albany Evening Journal, October 2; New York Farmer, October 10, 1912 A summary account of injury by the white grub, with suggestions for reseeding, and a notice of an outbreak by the chinch bug, Blissus heucopterus Say. Some Large Problems in Economic Entomology. Cornell Coun- tryman, October 1912, No. 1, pages 3-7 A general discussion of entomological problems, with special reference to the need of national quarantine and the desirability of protecting shade and forest trees from insect depredations. Data are given regard- ing the number of insects, their varied stages and food habits and the difficulties attendant upon the recognition of the numerous forms. Observations on Uleella Ribs. Entomological News, 1912, 23: 353-54 The characters of the adults of this genus are established and U. pisonifolia described in both sexes, together with the gall, larva and pupa. New Gall Midges or Itonididae. New York Entomological Society Journal, 20:146-56, 1912 Several midges are recorded from spiders’ webs and the following species described: Coccidomyiaerii Oligotrophws betheli, imowetrel la. -coloradensis, .Asteromyia- eminide liaes mastepteraverbenae, Liidiplaci,: Asp howdy ita dr fever Paw etweoeliae. “Thecodip losis zansehmetmiae, Miaainvroasis arane os 2, Coquilléettomy tay) kp ae and Karschomyia townsendi. Scientific notes. Economic Entomology Journal, 5:398, 403, 411, IgI2 ; Brief notes on outbreaks by white grubs (Lachnosterna species), fall army worm, Laphygma frugiperda Sm. & Abb. and the locust leaf miner, Chalepus dorsalis- Thunb. I20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Arthrocnodax occidentalis ms: sp.) Economie Ea mology Journal, 5:402, 1912 Original description of a midge reared from red spider, Tetranychus. ADDITIONS: TO’ THE COLLECTIONS, OCTOBER 16h aqmes OCTOBER 15, 1on2 The following is a list of the more important additions to the collections: EXCHANGE There were received from Dr Otto Nusslin, Zoologisches Insti- tut, Karlsruhe, Germany, two or more specimens of each of the following species: Recoptogaster scolyta Pabrs Brat Zep Um oun son, E. carpini,: Ratz;) EB) (multistriatai Marsh ree lasites ater Paylko” Dendtroctonms sm 16 amcuencie Myelophilus piniperda Linn, M. minor Hartig, Hy- lesinus ‘erenatus Pabr, Ho traxint Panz, Elvi peat oe Habr, Polygraphus polyeraphus Winn @1y pemme cus camere ws Herbst, wip s.\s.coxcdic mwa kil swe ocun mms acum ina tis Gyllb, i veut demise iGernr alia eaneetemes Pabr., Pityogenes chalco~ra p his cing, Fob idiom, tats betrbst. and’ xX y le bio Uso'sia xies emi nares There were received from Prof. J. M. Aldrich, Moscow, Idaho: Ephydra hians Say, adults pupae and larvae; 2) 2 rae citis “back, adultse Ey “sitbopaca, vew.. sadwuits-) ter anemia bujae jones, adults; Caenia birsetosa) Coqeeadulis: REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 121 DONATION Hymenoptera Thalessa atrata Fabr., black long sting, adult, June 17, G. C. Lewis, Lockport Apanteles congregatus Say, cocoons and adults, July 29, Arthur Dum- mett, Mount Vernon. Same, cocoons on Ampelophaga myron Cram., August 7, E. W. De Long, Crown Point Cynips strobilana O. S., lobed oak gall, October 12, W. L. McAtee, Pickens, Miss. . Andricus seminator Harr., wool sower, gall on white oak, June 21, C. C. Laney, Rochester. Same, June 24, Miss Ruth H. Sherman, Glens Falls Neuroterus saltatorius Hy. Edw., galls on white oak, July 24, R. M. Taylor, Ann Arbor, Mich. N. umbilicatus Bass., oak button gall on Quercus michauxii, October 12, W. L. McAtee, Pickens, Miss. Cimbex americana Leach, elm sawfly, larva on elm, September 20, Miss E. S. Blunt, New Russia Tremex columba Linn., pigeon tremex, adult, September 11, A. G. Woodard. Through State Conservation Commission Malitoea cerasi Linn. pear slug, larvae on pear, August 12, E.. C. Brooks, Athens Kaliofenusa ulmi Sund., elm leaf miner, larva on elm, June 13, A. N. Robson, Lake George. Same, June 15, Neil Rutledge, Greenwich. Same, June 19, W. L. Devereaux, Syracuse. Same, larvae and work on elm, June 24, J. G. Ward, Cambridge Trichiocampus viminalis Fall., larvae, August 29, Harry Vail, New Mulford Coleoptera Eccoptogaster quadrispinosa Say, hickory bark beetle, work on hickory, February 9, W. J. Matheson, Huntington. Same, larvae and work, March 12 and June 17, H. W. Merkel, New York City. Same, work, June 22, E. H. Anderson, Scarsdale. Same, adults and work, July 1, J. J. de Vyver, Mount Vernon. Same, work, July 30, F. P. Dwyer, Yonkers E. multistriata Marsh, imported elm bark borer, work, adults and larvae, October 5, J. W. Chapman, Dorchester, Boston, Mass. Pissodes strobi Peck, white pine weevil, work on pine, July 11, Ferruccio Vitale, New York City Thricolepis simulator Horn,*gray, bark-eating weevil, adult on apple, May 2, Thomas Cunningham, Vancouver, B. C. Pomphopoea sayi Lec., Say’s blister beetle, adults on wild cherry, May 31, C. J. Herrick, Elsmere Coptocycla ? clavata Fabr., larva on morning glory, July 9, G. H. Hawley, Castleton [22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Galerucella luteola Mull., elm leaf beetle, adults, April 18, M. H. Gard- ner, Brewster. Same, May 10, Mrs W. H. Crittenden, Cornwall. Same, eggs on elm, June 14, J. T. Young, Watervliet. Same, adults, larvae and pupae on elm, July 11, A. Gaskell, Ellenville. Same, larvae and work on elm, July 16, L. A. Tate, Gloversville. Same, work on elm, August 5, W. M. Cook, Oyster Bay Glyptoscelis alternata Cr., leaf beetle, adult on apple, May 2, Thomas Cunningham, Vancouver, B. C. Elaphidion villosum Fabr., oak and maple pruner, larva and work on oak, July 24, Mrs J. O. Rooney, Scarsdale Monohammus confusor Kirby, sawyer, adult, July 10, Chatham Courier, Chatham. Same, adult on pine, July 17, Mrs George Wend, Albany Lachnosterna, June beetle, larva in grass sod, August 11, Mrs Matthew Bender, jr, Niverville. Also from W. M. Woodward, North Chatham Psephenus lecontei Lec., larva, September 25, R. M. Moore, Rochester Dermestes vulpinus Fabr., leather beetle, all stages, March 26, W. G. Van Name, Albany Megilla maculata DeG., spotted ladybeetle, adults, December 13, Charles Bernstein, Rome Diptera Thecodiplosis ananassi Riley, galls on cypress, September 12, W. L. Mc- Atee, Marksville, La. Caryomyia caryae ©. S., gall on hickory, July 22, G. 1 Dale, Mount Kisco. Same, July 24, Mrs J. O. Rooney, Scarsdale Caryomyia persicoides Beutm., on hickory, July 24, Mrs J. O. Rooney, Scarsdale Contarinia pyrivora Riley, pear midge, larvae on pear, May 27, Thomas Albright, New Baltimore Asphondylia betheli Ckll., male, female, larva and pupa on Opuntia, April, C. F. Baker, Claremont, Cal. »Same, gall, male and female von Gactus. May 22,2 Bethel) Denver, Col: Simulium sp., blackfly, larvae, June 19, W. D. Rhines, Linlithgow Eristalis tenax Linn., bee fly, larvae, August 27, Charles Bernstein, Rome Musca domestica Linn., housefly, larvae from cases of Myiasis interna, September 9, J. R. Gillett, Kingston ? Agromyza sp., adult on Wisteria buds, March 23, E. O. Amundsen, San Diego, Cal. Lepidoptera Polygonia ? comma Harr., hop merchant, eggs on hop, June 5, Principal, Schoharie High School, Schoharie. Through State Department of Agriculture Euvanessa antiopa Linn., spiny elm caterpillar, larva on elm, June 25, Mrs I. D. F. Delafield, Greenport. Same, July 1, J. A. Sweigert, Comstock Sphecodina abbotii Swain, larva on woodbine, July 10, J. H. Dodge, Rochester. Same, July 29, Arthur Dummett, Mount Vernon REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 123 Ampelophaga myron Cram., grapevine hog caterpillar, larva on grape, August 7, E. W. De Long, Crown Point Samia cecropia Linn., Cecropia moth, cocoon, December 28, H. Gaut, Glen Cove Telea polyphemus Cram., American silk worm, eggs, June 6, Mrs A. M. A. Jackson, Warner Callosamia promethea Dru., Promethea moth, cocoons, May to, Miss M. R. Wilbor, Old Chatham. Same, larvae on lilac, August 5, Mrs Martha W. Martin, Albany Diacrisia virginica Fabr., Virginia ermine moth, adult, June 20, A. E. Worman, Fillmore. Through State. Conservation Commission Arctia caja Linn. garden tiger moth or woolly bear of Europe, larva, October 26, L. F. Strickland, Lockport. Through State Department of Agriculture Alypia octomaculata Fabr., eight-spotted forester, larva on woodbine, July to, C. C. Woolworth, Castleton Laphygma frugiperda Sm. & Abb., fall army worm, larvae and pupae on lawn, September 11, Robert Mostow, New York City; Roy Latham, Orient Point; Samuel Parsons, New York City, also September 21 meretis ypsilon Rott., black cutworm, larva, June io, T. F. Niles, Chatham Miamestra picta Harr., zebra caterpillar, larvae on pear, July 16, F. E. Rogers, Oswego fPapaipema appassionata Harvey, P. necopina Grt., P. frigida Sm.; P. fetata Bird, P. inquaesita G. & R., P. maritima Bird, P. rigida Grt.; P. marginidens Gn., P. moeseri Bird, P. duplicata Bird, P. cerussata Grt., P. duovata Bird and Apamea erepta, var. graminea Bird. Con- tributed by Henry Bird, Rye, August 14 Alabama argillacea Hubn., cotton moth, adults, October 9, G. W. Bailey, Geneseo. Same, October 11, H. J. Mosher, New Berlin. Same, October 13, I. P. Bishop, Buffalo Catocala sp., caterpillar, June 19, A. H. Green, Shushan Datana integerrima Grt. & Rob., black walnut worm, larvae on English walnut, August 5, M. T. Richardson, New York City. Same, cater- pillars, August 22, C. H. Smith, Mohegan Lake Schizura concinna Sm. & Abb., red-humped apple caterpillar, larvae on apple, July 9, J. W. Wiltse, North Chatham Tolype laricis Fitch, larch lappet moth, larva, August 8, J. H. Dodge, Rochester Malacosoma americana Fabr., apple tent caterpillar, larvae, June 12, T. L. Coventry, Utica. Same, larvae on oak, June 19, P. B. Matthews, Bridgehampton. Through State Department of Agriculture. Same, adult, July 7, Whitcomb of the Commonweal, Greenwich. Same, cocoons, July 13, George Chahoon, Ausable Forks M. disstria Htibn., forest tent caterpillar, larvae, June 10, Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury. Same, larvae, June 20, A. E. Worman, Fillmore. Through State Conservation Commission Erannis tiliaria Harr., basswood inch worm, larvae on elm and_ bass- wood, June 8, G. C. Vosburgh, Moravia I24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haw., bagworm, larvae on purple beech, August 2, Miss Helen A. Brown, Brooklyn Sibine stimulea Clem., saddleback caterpillar, September 3, G. R. Felten, Cementon. Same, larva on blackberry, September 24, J. B. Mulhol- land, Kingston Zeuzera pyrina Linn., leopard moth, work on hickory, October 26, Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury. Same, larva, December 24 and 27, E. T. Mulligan, New York City. Through State Department of Agriculture. Same, larva, March 17, Miss Mary L. Lobdell, Woodhaven Mineola indigenella Zell., leaf crumpler, larval cases, February 24, C. L. St John, Canajoharie Ephestia cautella ? Walk., larvae and adults on English walnuts, Novem- ber 20, Ogden Stevens, Albany Evetria ? frustrana Comst., caterpillar on pine, August 30, W. F. Smith, Valhalla E. ?. comstockiana Fernald, pitch twig moth on pine, June 12, H. T. Fernald, Amherst, Mass. Tmetocera ocellana Schiff., bud moth, larvae in pear buds, May 8, R. Scofield, Coeymans Tortrix fumiferana Clem., spruce bud moth, larvae on spruce, June 3, G. E. Emmons, Schenectady Coleophora caryaefoliella Clem., larvae and work on hickory, July 13, F. M. Weld, New York City Bucculatrix canadensisella Cham., birch leaf skeletonizer, molting cocoons, August 29, Cadwallader Evans, Stellarton, Nova Scotia. Also, larvae, cocoons and work on birch, September 18 Phyllonoryter hamadryella Clem., oak blotch leaf miner, mines on oak, July 29, David Harrison, Staatsburgh. Same, work on oak, August 5, Miss Anne R. Wier, Garrison Gracilaria near violacella Busck, larvae on azalea, March 7, D. Clark’s Sons, Fordham Heights, New York City. Through State Department of Agriculture Neuroptera Corydalis cornuta Linn., horned Corydalis, adult, July 1, I. L. Nixon, Rochester Thysanoptera Euthrips pyri Dru., pear thrips, adults on apple, May 1, G. E. Ward, Ravena Hemiptera Tibicen septendecim Linn., seventeen-year eae adult and pupal case, June 14, G. A. Bailey, Geneseo Cicada ? linnei Grossb., harvest fly, adult, August 26, J. H. Dodge, Rochester Phylloxera caryaecaulis Fitch, hickory gall aphid, old galls on hickory, October 26, A. B. Buchholz, Geneva. Through State Department of Agriculture Chermes pinicorticis Fitch, pine bark aphid, adults on pine, July 5, H. N. Armer, Ballston Spa. Through State Conservation Commission. Same, July 12, W. P. Judson, Broadalbin. Same, August 8, M. F. Duhamel, Poughkeepsie REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 125 Hormaphis hamamelidis Fitch, witch-hazel cone gall, galls on witch- hazel, August 5, A. M. Baker, Oneonta Pemphigus populi-transversus Riley, gall and young on poplar, June 18, Mrs R. S. Banks, Albany Schizoneura americana Riley, woolly elm leaf aphis, young on elm, June 18, C. E. Olsen, Maspeth. Same, adults and young on elm, June 21, Miss Alice C. Hareford, Watertown. Same, adults and work on elm, July 18, A. R. Fuller, Malone S. lanigera Hausm., woolly apple aphis, young on apple, November 8, Mrs S. H. Niles, Coeymans. Same, nymph on apple, August 26, J. A. Delehanty, Albany Chaitophorus aceris Linn., work and young on Norway maple, July 6, D. T. Marshall, Hollis. Same, nymphs on Norway maple, July 11, W. W. Gibson, Watervliet Callipterus ulmifolii Mon., elm leaf aphis, adults on elm, July 1, R. S. Waterman, Ogdensburg Mindarus abietinus Koch., work on balsam, July 1, G. L. Barrus, Paul Smiths Aphis nasturtii Kalt., adults and nymphs on nasturtium, October 3, Roy Latham, Orient Point Gossyparia spuria Mod., elm bark louse, males and females on elm, May 29, J. G. Brock, Binghamton Eriococcus borealis Ckll., adults, October 7, T. D. A. Cockerell, Boulder, Col. Phenacoccus acericola King, false maple scale, males on maple, June 11, Samuel Hessberg, Albany Trionymus violascens Ckll. (part of type), adult on Agropyron, October 2, T. D. A. Cockerell, Glenwood Springs, Col. Pseudococcus citri Risso, mealy bug, adult, July 20, C. E. Olsen, Maspeth Pulvinaria vitis Linn., cottony maple scale, adults and young on soft maple, July 6, D. T. Marshall, Hollis Lecanium sp., Lecanium scale, adult and young on Tecoma radicans, No- vember 1, Tioga County. Through State Department of Agriculture. Same, adults on oak and chestnut, June 8, E. E. Carpenter, Morris Asterolecanium variolosum Ratz., golden oak scale, adult, June 14, Wood- lawn Cemetery, New York City. Through State Conservation Com- mission Toumeyella liriodendri Gmel., tulip tree scale, young on tulip tree, Feb- ruary 12, J. H. Livingston, Tivoli. Same, adults on tulip, July 29, A. G. Harris, North Pelham. Same, July 29, Miss Annis E. Thomson, Yonkers Eulecanium ? canadense Ckll., adults on elm, May 27, S. M. Clark, War- rensburg E. ? persicae Fabr., peach scale, adults and eggs on crimson rambler rose, June 17, Silvanus Van Aken, Port Ewen. Same, July 2, Mrs Robert Lown, Idlewild Chionaspis furfura Fitch, scurfy scale, eggs, March 5, J. Heavey, Buffalo Chionaspis americana Johns., elm scurfy scale, egg on elm, February 6, J. J. Levison, Brooklyn 126 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM C. pinifoliae Fitch, pine leaf scale, egg on Austrian pine, February 6. J. J. Levison, Brooklyn. Same, adults on pine, September 16, Mrs Harriet A. Duff, Kinderhook C. spartinae Comst., grass scale, on Spartina glabra alterniflora, No- vember 11, Roy Latham, Orient Point Diaspis carueli Targ.-Tozz., juniper scale on juniper, May 16, Rochester. Through State Department of Agriculture Aspidiotus pernicious Comst., San José scale, young, March 5, J. Heavey, Buffalo. Same, May 24, C. L. Williams, Glens Falls A. ancylus Putn., Putnam’s scale, half grown, April 19, D. D. Stone, Oswego Chrysomphalus aonidum Linn., rubber scale insect., adults on rubber plant, April 22, Roy Latham, Orient Point Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn., oyster shell scale, egg on willow, December 28, H. Gaut, Glen Cove. Same, eggs, March 5, J. Heavey, Buffalo. Same, old scales on apple, May 11, Fred Henkes, Watervliet. Through State Department of Agriculture. Same, young, June 22, Levi Hasbrouck, Ogdensburg. Same, adults on white birch, July 20, C. E. Olsen, Maspeth Parlatoria theae Ckll., adult on Japanese maple, April 25, from Schenec- tady. Through State Department of Agriculture Haematopinus piliferus Beurm., sucking dog louse, adults on dog, April 8, Miss Lillian C. Overton, Albany ~ Blissus leucopterus Say, chinch bug, adults and young, September 26, C. L. St John, Canajoharie Acholla multispinosa DeG., spined assassin bug, nymph, August 13, Edwin Buchman, Valley Falls Cimex lectularius Linn., bedbug, adult, May 12, G. J. Briggs, Macedon Lygus pratensis Linn., tarnished plant bug, work on dahlia, July 17, C. L. Williams, Glens Falls Poecilocapsus lineatus Fabr., four-lined leaf bug, adults on currant, June 19, L. F. Strickland, Lockport Benacus griseus Say, giant water bug, adult, June 10, Roy Latham, Orient Point Orthoptera Diapheromera femorata Say, walking-stick, adult, August 20, Arthur Dummett, Mount Vernon Thysanura Lepisma domestica Packard, silver fish, adult, October 25, J. E. Stagg, Buffalo. Through State Department of Agriculture Acarina Eriophyes pruni Schoene, plum mite, galls on plum, July 22, G. E. Oster- hout, Windsor, Col. Phyllocoptes quadripes Shimer, bladder maple gall, galls on soft maple, June 11, G. W. Herrick, Ithaca. Same, June 24, H. N. Babcock, Elmira REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 127 APPENDIX A STUDY OF GALL MIDGES The gall midges comprise an immense family of small flies or Diptera known as the Itonididae or Cecidomyiidae, represented in America by about g00 known species, approximately half hav- ing been reared from the deformities or galls they produce or matter upon which they live. The species referable to this family may be recognized by the tibiae being unarmed apically, the coxae not produced, and the wings usually with but three or four long veins and no crossveins. Extreme forms may have six or seven long veins and one crossvein or, as a result of reduction, the wing veins may be nearly absent. There are in this family a number of important insect pests, maemo as. the ‘itessian fly, Phytephagca, destructor. Say; mic wheat midge, Itonida triticr Felt; the pear midge, maintarinia pyrivora Riley; the clover midge, Dasy - metuta leguminicola Lintn.; the violet gall midge, Phy - Benhaga violicola Coq.; the rose nudge, Dasyneura rhodophaga Cogq.; and the grape blossom midge, Contar- inia johnsoni Sling. In addition to these there are a num- ber of other potentially injurious midges, not to mention European species, which may become established in this country at almost any time and cause serious losses in somewhat the same way as did the Hessian fly in earlier years. Our knowledge of American gall midges was in a very unsatis- factory condition in 1895. The following discussion of the Les- tremiinae and Heteropezinae comprises a systematic descriptive account of these groups. LESTREMIINAE The members of this subfamily are almost invariably medium to small, dark brown or black species, easily distinguished from all other Itonididae by the five tarsal segments, the metatarsus being longer than the following segment, and the presence of the fourth long vein, which latter may be either forked as in Lestremia or simple and obsolescent as in Campylomyza. The antennae may be moderate as in Lestremia and Campylomyza or extremely short as in Tritozyga and Microcerata. The circumfili, so characteristic of the higher groups, are entirely wanting in this 128 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Fig. 16 Catocha americana, side view, enlarged. (origina]) REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 129 subfamily. The members of this group appear to depend to a con- siderable extent upon the olfactory organs. Many of the species falling in this division subsist in the larval stage on dead or decay- ing vegetable matter. This group is a connecting link with the Mycetophilidae from which it is most easily distinguished by the absence of tibial spurs and the moderate development of the coxae. Lestremiinariae The members of this tribe are separable from all other Itonid- idae by the forked fourth vein and by the generalized character of the antennae. These organs may be moderately well developed as in Lestremia and Catocha, or greatly reduced as in Tritozyga and Microcerata. Key to living genera a Antennae at least moderately developed, with 11-16 segments, the second not decidedly enlarged b Costa continuous and extending beyond the apex of the wing...... Catocha Hal. bb Costa not attaining the apex of the wing, practically disappearing qi eS UMiod willl tae third Velie... 4660.2. -+2 Lestremia Macq. aa Antennae greatly reduced, only 8-10 or II segments b Second antennal segment greatly enlarged; flagellate segments very short c Fork of the fourth vein with the two branches even........ Microcerata Felt cc Fork of the fourth vein with the branches irregular........ Tritozyga H. Lw. bb Second antennal segment normal ¢ Plagellate segments not greatly reduced........ Neptunimyia Felt cc Flagellate segments sessile, with a length only a little greater EERE OG nf Ogre HE T86 G1 eS eo 8 Ce SE Neocatocha Felt Catocha Haliday Macrostyla Winn. 1833 Halliday, A. H. Ent. Mag., 1:156 1840 Westwood, J. O. Introduct. Class. Ins. Syn., p. 127 1846 Rondani, Camillo. Nouvi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, ser. 2, v. 7; mpatate, po 7 CP irene ry a) 1846 Winnertz, J. Stett. Ent. Zeit. 7:20 (Macrostyla) 1862 Osten Sacken, C. R. Dipt. N. Am. Mon., 1:177 1864 Schiner, J. R. Fauna Austriaca Dipt., 2:412 1870 Winnertz, J. Vehr. z—b. Ges. Wien., 20:27-28 1876 Bergenstamm, J. E., & Low, Paul. Syn. Cecidomyidarum, p. 17 1888 Skuse, F. A. A. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales Proc., 3:143 130 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 1892 Theobald, F. V. Acct. Brit. Flies, p. 51, 87 1895 Kieffer, J. J. Soc. Ent. Fr. Bull. p. 319 1897 Syn. Ceeid) Burv& Alley ip. 52 1900 —— ‘Soc. Ent. ProAnn: 60:438 444 (Ph uarciner wa) 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 308-9 IQII — N.Y. Ent. Soc. Jour., 19:31 The species referable to this genus are easily recognized by costa being continuous and extending beyond the tip of the third vein, which latter unites with the margin at the apex of the wing. The fourth vein is forked, the cell usually being much shorter than in Lestremia. The antennae differ greatly from those of Lestremia, being in the male of C. americana (figure 17) distinctly bino- dose, while in the case of C. slossonae the segments are long, slender and distinctly stemmed. There are 16 antennal segments in the two known American species. Type C. latipes Hafid. Europeans forms are recorded as having 14 to 16 antennal seg- ments in the male and 10 to 12 segments in the female. The geni- talia of our American species are of a quite different type from that found in Lestremia. Nothing is known concerning the life history of American forms. Kieffer states that the larvae of the European C. muscicola Kieff. occur on mosses. It is probable that these forms are sylvan as in the case of Lestremia and allied genera. Our species are doubtless boreal in habitat. Key to species a Length 4 mm; antennae binodose, terminal clasp segment long, ap- pendiciwlate wbasalllvee ee we ata eee ai e-1 iC ama Pele. € 92a aa Length 4 mm, antennae uninodose, terminal clasp segment short........ barber uisspe aaa Length 1.5 mm; antennae uninodose...... s hovs's o nea erPelt, (Coan Catocha americana Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 309 This species, received for study through the courtesy of the United State National Museum, was taken at Franconia, N. H., by that well-known collector, Mrs A. T. Slosson. Male. Length 4 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, dark brown; 16 segments, the third with the basal enlargement somewhat produced, the fourth and following, each slightly binodose, the basal subcylindric enlargement with a length nearly four times its diameter (figure 17). Palpi; the first REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 P31 segment, irregularly subquadrate, with a length fully twice the diameter, the second about two-thirds the length of the first, the third more than twice the length of the second and the fourth a little longer than the third. Mesonotum dull black, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum and Fig. 17 Catocha americana, sixth antennal segment of male, much enlarged. (original) abdomen dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa light brown; mem- brane thickly clothed with fine hairs; venation shown in fig, 16. Halteres fuscous yellowish. Legs dark yellowish brown; claws stout, with a series of three or four stout teeth basally, the pulvilli hardly extending beyond the base of the claws. Terminal clasp segment long, appendiculate basally. Type Cecid. 929. Catocha barberi n. sp. | Two midges belonging to this species were taken flying in the woods during cold weather,-the temperature being below 30° F., near Crab Lake, Vilas county, Wis., by Mr-H. S. Barber, in De- cemiber 1907. Female. Length 4 mm. Antennae one-quarter longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a slender stem over twice the length of the subglobose basal enlarge- 5 132 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ment, the latter with a thick whorl of long, slender setae near the middle; terminal segment reduced. .Palpi; first: segment nar- rowly oval, with a length two and one-half times its diameter, the second to fourth subequal, sparsely setose and with numerous transverse rows of short, stout spines. Head and thorax probably dark brown. Abdomen light brown. Wings hya- line. Halteres pale yellowish, the legs a variable yellowish brown; claws stout, strongly curved, the pul- villi rudimentary. Type im Ul7S National Museum. Catocha slossonae Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N.Y. State Maus: Bul. 124, p. 309 This form, received through the Fig. 18 Fifth antennal segment courtesy of the United States Na- i a (Onset) ssOnae, cn “tional, Museum, was taken! by) iviies ik Slosson at Franconia, N. H. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely clothed with long hairs; 16 segments; the fourth with a smooth stem about as long as the subcylindric basal enlargement ; near the middle a crenulate whorl of long, slender setae, apically several circular or- ifices and long, trilimbate processes. Palpi; the first segment presum- ably short, stout, subrectangular, the second rather stout, with a length about two and one-half times its diameter, the third stout, subrectangular and with a length about three-fourths greater than its diameter, the fourth tapering distally, a little longer and more slender than the third. Mesono- tum shining dark brown, the sub- median lines very sparsely haired. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen dark brown, the genitalia fuscous yellowish. é ; ‘ Big. - a Palpus ot’ € ateo.cital Wings hyaline, costa light brown. erie es Beni # enlarged. (Orig- Halteres yellowish transparent, inal) slightly fuscous apically. Legs light fuscous yellowish; claws rather long, stout, the concavity finely denticulate, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Type Cecid. 931. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI2 133 Lestremia Macq. 1826 Macquart, J. M. Dipt. Nord. de la France, 1, 123 1826 Meigen, J. W. Syst. Beschr., 5:308 1834 Macquart, J. M. Hist. Nat. Ins. Dipt., 1:157 1840 Westwood, J. O. Introduct. Class. Ins. Syn., p. 127 1844 Loew, H. Stett. Ent. Zeit., 5:324 (Cecidogona) 1846 Rondani, Camillo. Nouvi Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, ser. 2, v. 6; mpazdte,p. 7 (FP urcinerva), 10 (Mimeosc tara.) 504... — — _ipt.. Ital. Prodr., 171908: (VY posatoeca) OO Atti Soc. Ital. Sci, Nat: Milano, 2:287 (M olobraea) 1862 Osten Sacken, C. R. Dipt. N. Am. Mon., 1:178 1864 Schiner, J. R. Fauna Austriaca Dipt., 2:413 1870 Winnertz, J. Vehr. z—b. Ges. Wien, 20:30 1876 Bergenstamm, J. E., & Low, Paul. Syn. Cecidomyidarum, p. 17 sca wkose, B.A; A. Linn: Soc: N.S, Wales, Proc., 3:144 1892 Theobald, F. V. Acct. Brit. Flies, p. 52, 87 moo, Kaener, J. J. Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 52 PO —— OC. Ent. Hr. Ann (60:437;\ 442) (CM. pimio's cia ras Sex (Cecidogona, Furcinerva) 1904 Meunier, F. Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann. 28:9, 31 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 308, 310 mit... N.Y. Ent. Soe: Join e1o:38 This genus is easily recognized by the characteristic fork of the fourth vein, by costa not attaining the apex of the wing, and by the antennae being well developed, those of the male having 16 and those of the female 11 segments. Certain European species are credited with having 15 antennal segments in the male and 12 in the female. The antennal segments in the female are short, sub- cylindric or subconical and in some species at least, ornamented distally with thick rows of short, stout, chitinous sensory processes. The male antennae are provided with a distinct stem nearly as long or longer than the basal enlargement, which latter is orna- mented by one or more crenulate whorls from the base of which arise long, curved setae. The genitalia are very characteristic. Mype Lk. cinerea Maca. : Nothing is known concerning the life history and habits of mem- bers of this genus, aside from the fact that they are most abundant in the vicinity of forests. Kieffer states that the European L. leucophaea Meign. occurs in decaying beech wood and it 1s very probable that our American forms breed largely in rotting ligneous tissues. 134 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Lestremia leucophaea Meign. occurs in America ac- cording to Coquillett,! having been taken in the White mountains by Mrs Slosson. This identification is open to question, since the species of this genus resemble each other superficially very closely. Key to species a Antennal segments 11; females b Abdomen reddish brown e Scutellum dark brown; basal segment of ovipositor with a length fully twice its width; terminal segment small, narrowly oval and distinctly shorter. than the basal ‘seoment. o.. 5 >.0-49 95 eee elongata Felt, € ‘934 cc Scutellum yellowish brown; basal segment of ovipositor broadly triangular, its length not more than one-half greater than its width; terminal segment nearly as long as the basal one, nar- LOWLY OVA le: SOA eh Le Be ae eee bat bea 1. Felt) Gygge bb Abdomen fuscous yellowish c Lengeta 3 4nm . d Terminal segment of ovipositor orbicular; claws minutely den- HC TMAEA SA ee A ak toe sylvestris elf, yarase cc Length 1.5 mm d Fourth palpal segment one-quarter longer than the third; basal segment of the ovipositor one-half longer than broad....... sambimecd Belt, C. 7a dd Fourth palpal segment twice the length of the third; basal segment of ovipositor a little longer than broad.............. kansensis Felt, C1261 aa 16 antennal segments; males b Stems of antennal segments two-thirds or three-quarters the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement c Dorsal plate short, broad, triangularly emarginate, the 4 palp segments successively Jongerss.202..20n2.- pint Felt) Cisse cc Dorsal plate broad, tapering, roundly emarginate, the third and fourth palp segments mot longer than the preceding: oe ae enito laa Belt Cras bb Stems of antennal segments as long as the basal enlargement c Basal clasp segment with a conspicuous setose basal lobe inter- fictlilyia th eake oes, Bs, aseye eye 6,6, ladtave 1a i's: (Pelt; ©. 700, .G3a5neou cc Basal clasp segment with no well-developed basal lobe internally d Fourth palpal segment as long as the third e Scutellum fuscous yellowish; dorsal plate not convolute, Heariy. trumcatendistall yaa. Woes. weer s.eiioisa. Felis Senee dd Fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third e Abdomen dark brown; scutellum reddish brown; dorsal plate convolute, broadly rounded distally and margined posteri- orly with modetate setae... 20s. sp trae ania helt, Cy274 ee Abdomen dark yellowish brown; scutellum yellowish brown; dorsal plate obliquely truncate distally and margined poste- riothy with) stonut,diversenut sebtenase 2 Getic iil one frag coni ae, Pelt, C.o30, 037 11896 Ent. News, 7:263 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 135 bbb Antennal stem one-quarter longer than the basal enlargement c Abdomen dark reddish brown; scutellum yellowish brown; basal enlargement of antenna with 2 crenulate whorls and with a length about twice its diameter; terminal clasp segment biden- PAP een Ca EY LA) aR Ue Ne ae peeve gue diy dir -elf sGogs cc Abdomen dark brown; scutellum dark reddish brown; basal en- largement of antenna with one crenulate whorl and with a length a little greater than its diameter; terminal clasp seg- Pear eaCistall vss. 422k oh atale des View malis (Felt, C. 1260 Lestremia elongata Felt mopoerelt:Ve. Po N.Y. State: Mus:. Bul. p24, ps 310 This species, received through the courtesy of the United States National Museum, was taken on the Argus mountains in May 1801. Female. Length 3 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown; 11 segments, the fourth with a very short stem, irregularly cylindric, with a length about one-half greater than its diameter; other segments somewhat pro- duced, the terminal one with the basal portion broadly oval and separated from the short, stout apical part, by a distinct constric- tion. Palpi; the first segment stout, with a length fully three times its diameter and a conspicuous sensory organ internally, the second two-thirds the length of the first, more slender, the third a little longer and more slender than the second, the fourth more than twice the length of the third, more slender. Mesonotum dull brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum and postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen reddish brown. Wings hyaline. WHalteres pale yellowish. Coxae and femora dark reddish brown, tarsi fus- cous yellowish.. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes biarticulate, | the basal lobe with a length fully twice its diameter, expanding and truncate distally, the terminal lobe small, narrowly oval, both thickly setose. Type Cecid. 933. Lestremia barberi Felt rode Belt, EH. P. NOY. State Mus. Bul. ‘1245 p: 210 This species, loaned for study by the United States National Museum, was taken August 8th by H. S. Barber at Las Vegas, N. M. Female. Length 2.75 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown; I1 segments, the fourth with a length about one-half greater than its diameter, the terminal segment produced, strongly constricted near the distal third, irreg- ularly rounded apically. Palpi; the first segment, with a length about two and one-half times its diameter, somewhat expanded dis- tally and with a conspicuous sensory organ on its internal face, the second about as long as the first, stout, irregularly subrectangular, the third one-quarter longer than the second, more slender, the 136 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender, dilated apically, eyes large, black. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum yellowish brown, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen reddish brown. Wings hyaline. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs dark yel- lowish brown. Ovipositor short, biarticulate, the basal lobe irreg- ularly and broadly subtriangular, the terminal lobe nearly as long as the basal one, narrowly oval, both thickly setose. Type Cecid. 934- Lestremia sylvestris Felt 19007 Felt, -E. P. Ni) YS State Mus: Bul Or10: Wp) 102-4 (Separate ncaa (Catocha) 1g08 —————_— _N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 311 This species was taken September 23, 1906 in a forest hut at Davidson's River, N. C. Female. Length 3 mm. Antennae extending to the second ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, basally pale yel- lowish; Ir segments, the fifth with a stem one-quarter the length of the basal enlargement. Palpi; the first seg- ment somewhat curved, swollen and_ thickly clothed distally with stout, capitate setae, the second segment one-half longer than the first, the third and fourth each nearly twice the length of the second; face pale yellowish, eyes large, dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines dark yellowish, narrow, uniting posteriorly in a median dark yellowish area. Scutellum pale yellowish orange, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen yellowish brown, incisures and pleurae pale salmon, terminal segments pale yellowish. Wings hyaline; halteres whitish transparent. Fig. 20 Fifth Coxae pale yellowish, femora semi-transparent, of Lestremia_ tibiae and tarsi fuscous yellowish; claws with a sylvestris,enm- series of minute teeth along the concavity. worged, (UQisigens Ovipositor short, lobes orbicular, thickly setose. Mvpe Gecidiea 1042: Lestremia sambuci Felt 1907 Felt,-E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 101-2; separate, p. 5 (Catocha) 1008 = NG Stabe al cisee iaatl el 24 ee git This species was taken August 6, 1906 at Albany on elder, Sainb wwe us-ca maden sis. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae one-third the length of the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, fuscous yellowish basally; 11 segments, the fifth with a stem one-fourth the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length thrice its diameter. Palp1; the first segment broadly rounded, subquadrate, the second as long REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI2 137 as the first, subquadrate, the third more slender, one-half longer and the fourth one-quarter longer than the third; face fuscous yel- lowish, eyes fuscous. Mesonotum reddish brown, submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum and postscutellum a fuscous reddish yellow. Abdomen fuscous yellow, membrane and pleurae lighter ; ovipositor His, 21 Palpus of Lestremia sylvestris, enlarged. (Original) slightly fuscous. Wings hyaline. Halteres yellowish basally, fus- cous apically. Legs dark fuscous yellowish, the first tarsal segment as long as the following segments; claws apparently finely dentate. Ovipositor short, terminal lobes broadly subquadrate, slightly con- stricted basally, thickly setose. Type Cecid. 743. Lestremia kansensis Felt tego weer, io Py NEO. State Mus. Bul) 124) p.. 311 This species was taken in Douglas county, Kansas, by Mr E. S. Tucker in May. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the third ab- dominal segment, thickly haired, light brown, yellowish basally ; 11 segments, the fifth with a stem one-fourth the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length a little over twice its diameter; terminal segment with a length about four times its diameter, distal part slender, irregularly fusiform, apically with a fingerlike process. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, narrowly oval, second segment slender, with a length one-half greater than the first, the third one-half longer than the second and more slender, the fourth about twice the length of the third, slender. Mesonotum 138 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM dark brown. Scutellum and postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen fuscous yellowish, sparsely haired, ovipositor slightly fuscous. Wings hyaline. Halteres yellowish transparent. Coxae, femora and tibiae a variable yellowish brown; tarsi light reddish brown, the distal tarsal segments darker; claws simple, the pul- villi almost rudimentary. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes biarticulate. Type Cecid. 1261. Lestremia pini Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 103; separate, p. 7 1908 —————_— _N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 311 This species was taken July 16, 1906 on pine, Pinus, at Albany, NEN Male. Length 1.5mm. Antennae probably as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem /, My, iii My Fig. 22 Fifth antennal segment of Lestremia pini, enlarged. (Original) three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has annular constrictions at the basal fourth, near the middle and at the distal fourth; terminal segment prolonged basally, the stem short, narrowly conical. Palpi; the first segment short, subquad- rate, the second longer, broadly oval, the third nearly twice the length of the second, stout, the fourth one-half longer than the third, slender distally, the fifth one-half longer than the fourth, slender. Mesonotum dark brown, sparsely white haired. Scutellum light brown, postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen grayish brown, the terminal segments darker. Wings hyaline. Halteres whitish transparent. Coxae, femora and tibiae whitish transparent, tarsi fuscous; claws with three or four long teeth. Genitalia; dorsal plate short, broad, broadly incised; ventral plate apparently fused with the preceding. Harpes long, slender, widely separated. Type Cecid. 562. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 139 Lestremia acerifolia Felt won felt BP. N. VY. Stacd sds, Duk 110; p. ret: Separate,) p. 5 (Campylomyza) 1908 —————— _N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 311 _ This species was taken May 21, 1906 on soft maple, Acer, at Albany, N. Y. Male. Length .4 mm. Antennae longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem two-thirds the length of the obpyriform basal enlargement; terminal segment produced, irregularly subconic. Palpi; the first segment long, stout, subelliptic, the second twice the length of the first, slender, the third two-thirds the length of the second, the fourth a little shorter than the third. Mesonotum dark brown, the light submedian lines setose. Scutellum yellowish brown, postscutellum darker. Abdo- men light brown. Wings hyaline. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs mostly dark brown; claws pectinate. Genitalia; dorsal plate broad, tapering, roundly emarginate, the lobes broadly rounded; ventral plate indistinct. Harpes stout, tapering, the extremities approximate and slightly curved; style slender, distally with a pair of recurved, chitinous teeth. Type Cecid. 71. Lestremia solidaginis Felt tg07, Felts E. P. N. Y. State: Mus: Bal: 110, p. 102; ‘separate, p. 6 (Catocha) 1908 ————_—— _N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 311 This species was captured sweeping grass, sedge or Solidago at Newport, N. Y., July 25, 1906. It was also reared August 6, 1906, from a jar containing whorled loosestrife, Lysimachia quadrifolia, the latter probably an accidental occurrence. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, dark brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the cylindric basal enlargement; terminal segment produced, constricted at the basal and apical thirds, an apical knob. Palpi; the first segment short, quadrate, the second broadly oval, the third a little longer, subrectangular, the fourth one-fourth longer and more slender, the fifth one-half longer than the fourth, more slender. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum dark carmine, post- scutellum lighter. Abdomen fuscous yellowish, distal segments somewhat darker. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres pale yellowish. Legs pale fuscous yellowish, tarsi dark brown; claws simple. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, broad, with a rather conspicuous rounded setaceous lobe basally; dorsal plate narrowly rounded; ventral plate broad, deeply and narrowly emarg- inate, the lobes narrowly rounded. Harpes tapering, curving, sub- acute; style long, slender, acute. Type Cecid. 700. I40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Lestremia setosa Felt toc8 Felt, E. P. N.-Y¥. State Mus. Bal. 124 p. 301 This species was taken July 24, 1906 on maple at Albany, N. Y. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely haired, light brown, yellowish basally; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the pyriform basal enlargement ; terminal segment produced, constricted near the distal third and apical fourth. Palpi; the first segment, short, stout, irregularly subquadrate, the second a little more slender, one-half longer, subrectangular, the third about twice the length of the second, more slender, the fourth about as long as the third, more slender; face yellowish. Mesonotum olive brown, the submedian lines broad, yellowish, poorly defined. Scutellum fuscous yellowish, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen a light fuscous brown. Genitalia fuscous yellowish, sparsely clothed with fuscous setae. Wings subhyaline. Halteres yellowish basally, slightly fuscous apically. Legs a pale fuscous yellowish; claws simple, the pulvilli shorter than the claws. Genitalia; dorsal plate long, broad, broadly emarginate, the lobes broadly rounded. Harpes long, broad, convolute, roundly truncate; style long, slender, nar- rowly rounded. Type Sc. 22. Lestremia spiraeina Felt 1907 Pelt, WE. P:) ON: “Yo State (Muss Bal 10. m02: "separate ope (Catocha) I908 ———__——_ NN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 311 This species was taken June 15, 1906 on spirea at Albany, N. Y. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae as long as the body, thickly haired, dark brown, yellowish basally; 16 segments, the fifth with . a stem as long as the subglobular basal enlargement; terminal seg- ment produced irregularly, subconical, slightly constricted at the basal fourth, near the middle and at the apical fourth. Palpi; first segment subquadrate, prolonged, the second shorter, stouter, the third twice the length of the second, more slender, the fourth one- half longer than the third, slender; eyes small, black. Mesonotum dark brown, with indistinct submedian yellowish lines, sparsely setose. Scutellum reddish brown, slightly fuscous apically, sparsely setose; postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen dark brown, rather thickly setose. Genitalia fuscous yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa and subcosta dark brown. MHalteres yellowish transparent. Legs a nearly uniform pale straw, the articulations carmine; tarsi slightly darker, the first segment as long as the four following; claws stout, the concavity denticulate. Genitalia; dorsal plate broad, narrowly incised, the lobes irregularly rounded; ventral plate long, broad, triangularly emarginate, the lobes divergent, truncate. Harpes tri- angular, obtusely spined basally, tapering and approximate apically ; style slender, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 274. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI2 14I Lestremia franconiae Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 311 This species, loaned by the United States National Museum for study, was taken by Mrs A. T. Slosson at Franconia, N. H. Male. Length 1.75 mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; presumably 16 segments, the fourth with a stem as long as the fusiform basal enlargement. Palpi; the first segment subrectangular, with a length nearly three times its diam- eter and with a conspicuous sensory area distally, the second nearly twice the length of the first, more slender, the third almost twice as long as the second, more slender, and the fourth one-half longer and more slender than the third; eyes large, black. Mesonotum reddish brown. Scutellum light yellowish brown, postscutellum darker. Abdomen a dark yellowish brown; genitalia yellowish. Wings hyaline; halteres yellowish transparent. Legs a pale yellow- ish brown, the tarsi slightly darker; claws simple, the pulvilli dis- tinctly shorter than the claws. Genitalia; dorsal plate long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes widely divergent, broad, somewhat excavated. Harpes long, slender, swollen near the distal third, tapering, narrowly rounded; style stout, tapering, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 930. Lestremia dyari Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 311 This form, loaned for study by the United States National Mus- femni, was taken June 7th at Casio, B. C., by Dr H. G. Dyar. Male. Length 1.75 mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, yellowish basally ; 16 segments, the fourth with a stem one-fourth longer than the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length twice its diameter; terminal segment with the basal portion produced, the distal stem rudimentary. Palpi; the first segment, with a length three times its diameter, the second a little longer than the first, more slender, the third about twice as long as the second, more slender, the fourth a little longer and more slender than the third. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines pale yellowish. Scutellum yellowish brown, postscutellum red- dish brown. Abdomen dark reddish brown, sparsely clothed with fine hairs, genitalia dull orange. Wings hyaline, costa light brown. Halteres yellowish transparent. Coxae, femora and tibiae fuscous yellowish, tarsi dark brown; claws stout, the concavity finely dentic- ulate, the pulvilli shorter than the claws. Genitalia; dorsal plate long, broad, broadly and roundly emarginate, the lateral angles produced; ventral plate apparently absent. Harpes long, slender, tapering, narrowly rounded; setose; style stout at base, tapering, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 935. 142 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Lestremia vernalis Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y.:State Mus.’ Bul. 4247 p i311 This species was taken in April at Wichita, Kansas, by Mr E. S. Tucker. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, thickly haired, dark brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem one-fourth longer than the subglobose basal enlargement, which latter has a length a little greater than its diameter, terminal seg- ment reduced, narrowly oval, obtuse. Palpi; the first segment long, rather stout, subrectangular, the second as long and more slender than the first, the third one-half longer and more slender than the second, the fourth twice the length of the third, more slender. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines inconspicuous. Scutel- lum and postscutellum dark reddish brown. Abdomen dark brown. Genitalia dark reddish brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish basally, light brown apically. Coxae, femora and tibiae fuscous yellowish, the segments irregularly brownish at the extremities; tarsi mostly light brown, the distal segments darker ;: claws simple, the pulvilli shorter than the claws. Genitalia; dorsal plate long, broad, broadly emarginate, the lobes separated, broadly rounded. Harpes apparently fused to form one large, convolute organ; style long, slender, broadly rounded. Type Cecid. 1260. Microcerata Felt 1908 Felt, E.-P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 309 IgIr —————— N.Y. Ent. Soc. Jour., 19:32 This genus includes a number of small forms remarkable on account of the greatly reduced antennae. These organs in the male are composed of but 8 to 11 short segments, the second being greatly enlarged, subglobose and in general appearance much re- sembling those of the Campylomyzine genus Micromyia. The gen- italia also differ from those of Lestremia. The one female known has very small antennae composed of I0 joints, the second being somewhat énlarged. This insect has been described as M. per- plexa and appears to be closely related to M. diervillae and may possibly be the female of this species. Type M1i- cromyiacorni Felt. Nothing is known concerning the life history and habits of mem- bers of this genus, though it is presumable that they are analogous to those of allied forms. It is very probable that the various species breed in decaying vegetable matter. ae Te ye ee ee ee eel a ———————— eee trl OO eC REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 143 Key to species a Antennal segments 8 b Fourth palpal segment more than twice the length of the third; harpes broadly rounded apically...... johnsoni Felt, C. 802 bb Fourth palpal segment nearly twice the length of the third; harpes subacute apically, 224 .n4q..6 or rookerelli Felt, C. 932 aa Antennal segments 9 b Wings small, narrow, subcosta uniting with the margin before the basal half: palpi-quadtiartienlate..... .., : corm: Belt, C. 450 bb Wings rather large, broad, subcosta uniting with the margin at or beyond the basal half c Scutellum dark brown, the legs a variable fuscous; palpi tri- articulate; StOmis.cte ms ee diervillae Felt, C. 490 cc Scutellum dark reddish brown, the legs a variable yellowish brown; palpi ‘quadriarticulate, ‘slender... 4. Spi. morsia i. Sp.jeC. 1205 aaa Antennal segments 10 p eneth 1-5 mm body dark Drown: female.:. perplex a Felt be Lensth 1:25 mm; body darkbrown: male’..borealis ni-sps Cony, aaaa Antennal segments II 374 b Scutellum yellowish brown; abdomen fuscous brown ihe coma” mei spy GC. 1264 Microcerata johnsoni Felt ido Belt, Ba Po. N.Y. State: Mus, Bile 1249 pi.310 This form was taken August 2, 1891 by Prof. C. W. Johnson at Philadelphia, Pa. Male. Length 1.75 mm. Antennae sparsely haired, pale yel- lowish; 8 segments, the fourth and following segments each some- what more produced than the preceding, the sixth to the eighth with few or no subapical appendages. Palpi; the first segment, short, stout, subrectangular; the second a little longer, stouter, the third one-half longer than the second, more slender and the fourth more than twice the length of the third. Mesonotum dark brown, almost black. Scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa reddish brown. MHalteres yellowish basally, slightly fuscous apically. Legs a nearly uniform fuscous yellowish, tarsi slightly darker. Metatarsus more than two and one-half times as long as the following segment, the distal tarsal segment with a sparse subapical row of long, stout setae; claws rather long, stout, slightly curved, with a rather conspicuous tooth dorsally at the basal third and the concavity with several long, slender denticu- lations; pulvilli longer than the claws, thickly setose. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender, terminal clasp segment swollen at the base, with several short, stout apical and subapical spines; dorsal plate broad, short, broadly and slightly emarginate; ventral plate apparently wanting. Harpes well separated, tapering, broadly rounded; style long, stout, tapering, broadly rounded. Type Cecid. 802. TAA NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Micrecerata cockerelli Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. oN- Y. State Mus. Bul. 224) pe st0 This species, placed at our disposal through the courtesy of the United States National Museum, swarmed at Mesilla, N. M., in August and was collected by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell. Male. Length 1.75 mm. Antennae short, sparsely haired, dark brown; 8 segments, the fourth flattened basally and apically, with a length three-fourths its diameter, tapering, the other segments successively shorter, the terminal one fusiform, with a constriction Fig. 23 Antenna of male Microcerata johnsoni, enlarged. (Orginal near the distal fourth. Palpi; the first segment stout, the second a little longer and more slender, the third one-half longer and more slender than the second and the fourth nearly twice the length of the third. -Body dark brown. Wiaings hyaline, costa light brown. Legs light fuscous yellowish; claws stout, slightly curved, simple, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender, slightly curved, roundly truncate; terminal clasp seg- ment long, tapering, the apex obtuse, spined; dorsal plate long, broad, broadly and roundly emarginate, the lobes divergent; ventral plate long, broad, tapering, irregularly rounded. MHarpes long, slender, subacute; style long, slender, acute. Type Cecid. 932. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 T45 Microcerata corni Felt tee. elt, ea, N.' Y. State Mis Buboiro, p. to2-3; separate, p: 6 (Micromyia) 1908 ———_—_——_ N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 310 This species was taken at Albany, N. Y., July 6, 1907 on Cornus. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae short, sparsely haired, dark brown; 9 segments, the fourth subglobose, with a length less than its diameter; terminal segment nearly three times the length of the preceding. Palpi; the first segment short, quadrate, the second as long as the first, slightly stouter, the third about as long as the second, more slender, the fourth nearly twice the length of the third. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines with pale setae. Scutellum and abdomen dark brown, the latter nearly naked and with a distinct reddish tint distally. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres pale orange basally, dark orange distally. Legs dark reddish, the tarsi dark brown; claws simple. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender, obliquely truncate; terminal clasp seg- ment stout, long, tapering, the apex spined; dorsal plate apparently simple, broad, tapering, narrowly rounded; ventral plate apparently. | similar. Harpes broad, stout, narrowly rounded; style long, slender. Type Cecid. 459. Microcerata diervillae Felt 7907 Pelt, E&. P. N.Y. State Mus -Bul, 110, p. 103; separate, p. 6-7 (Micromyia) Ig08 ——__—_——— N.. Y.. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 310 This species was taken at Karner, N. Y., June 5, 1907 on bush Boneysuckle, Diervilla trifida. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae short, sparsely haired, dark brown; 9 segments, the third pyriform, the fourth with a very short stem; terminal segment produced, nearly twice the lengih of the preceding, pyriform. Palpi; the first segment stout, with a length twice its diameter, the second narrowly oval, a little shorter, the third one-half longer than the second, more slender. Meso- rottum dark brown. Scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen dark brown, the latter slightly yellowish distally. Wangs hyaline, costa light brown. Halteres fuscous yellowish. Legs a variable fuscous, the posterior tarsi tinged with carmine; claws simple, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long; term- inal clasp segment short, stout, the apex recurved; dorsal plate broadly rounded; ventral plate broad, incised, the lobes narrowly rounded. Harpes long, stout, tapering; style long, slender, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 490. Microcerata spinosa n. sp. This species was taken at dark in an oat field at Plano, Texas, in May 1907 by Mr E. S. Tucker. 146 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae as long as the head, composed of 9 segments, the fifth pyriform; terminal segment somewhat produced, fusiform, with a length about twice its diameter. Palpi long, the first and second segments subequal, subrectangular, the third one-half longer, more slender and the fourth twice the length of the third; eyes large, black. Mesonotum dull dark brown. Fis, 24° Antenna of Mitrocerata spimosa. enlarced. )(Onieman Scutellum dark reddish brown, postscutellum a little darker. Abdo- men dull dark brown, the genitalia fuscous yellowish. Wings rather large, hyaline, costa yellowish brown. MHalteres yellowish trans- parent. Legs a variable yellowish brown, the tarsi a little darker ; claws simple, pulvilli large. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender, tapering distally ; terminal clasp segment rather long, swol- len basally and tapering slightly to an obtuse, curved, thickly haired apex; dorsal plate tapering, broadly rounded and thickly setose api- cally ; ventral plate tapering to a narrowly rounded apex;; style long, slender, acute distally. Type Cecid. 1295. Fig. 25 Palpus of Microcerata spinosa, enlarged. (Original) Microcerata perplexa Felt 1908. Felt, E. P. \N. Y. State Mus. Bul. #24, p. 310 The female representing this species was taken on the office window July 19, 1907, and was presumably reared from some ma- terial in the office. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI12 147 Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae short, sparsely haired, dark brown, 10 segments, the fourth with a length about three-fourths its diameter, greatly dilated near the basal third and roundly tapering to the broad apex; terminal segment produced, strongly constricted near the distal third and broadly rounded. Palpi; the first segment long, expanded distally uf (' | Mh and with a conspicuous sense organ on the in- \ \ Ly ji ternal distal third, second segment nearly as EN teed long as the first, more slender, the third one- RH oe half longer and more slender than the second, ASSL the fourth one-half longer and more slender \ ey Lie than the third. Entire body nearly uniform RO uy dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. SZ Halteres presumably fuscous. Legs presum- Ss ae ably a fuscous brown; claws simple, the pulvillt Fig 26. Fourth and a little shorter than the claws. Ovipositor gfth antennal seg- short, the terminal lobes indistinctly triarticu- ments of Micro- late, the basal segment indistinct, the seconde erata per- broadly rounded, the third irregularly oval.plexa, aiype Cecid. 1375: enlarged. ‘Original) Microcerata borealis n. sp. This species was taken by Mr D. B. Young at Speculator, N. Y., July 27, 19009. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the anterior coxae, sparsely haired, dark brown; 10 segments, the fifth subglobose, slightly pyriform, with a length slightly greater than its diameter. Terminal segment subcylindric, with a length two and one-half times its diameter. Palpi; the first segment stout, rec- tangular, with a length twice its diameter, the second a little longer, swollen distally, the third a little shorter than the second, narrowly triangular, the fourth one-half longer than the second, irregular, compressed. Thorax and abdomen a nearly uniform dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa light brown. Halteres yellowish brown; coxae dark brown; femora, tibiae and tarsi a dark yellowish brown; claws long, evenly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, tapering; terminal clasp segment rather stout, recurved apically; dorsal plate long, tapering, narrowly rounded; ventral plate divided, the lobes divergent, roundly trun- cate and thickly setose; style long, slender. Type Cecid. 1374. Microcerata texana n. sp. This species was taken at Plano, Texas, July 1907 by Mr E. S. Tucker. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly haired, fuscous brown, composed of 11 148 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM segments, the fifth pyriform; the stem one-fourth the length of the enlargement, the tenth and eleventh segments fused though sepa- rated by a distinct stem. Palpi probably quadriarticulate, stout, the first segment subrectangular, slightly swollen distally, the second a little longer, rather stout, the third probably longer than the second, more slender. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired and irregularly tuberculate. Scutellum yellowish brown, postscutellum and abdomen fuscous brown, genitalia dark fuscous yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa yellowish brown. Halteres yellow- ish transparent, legs a variable yellowish or yellowish brown, the distal tarsal segments somewhat darker; claws probably simple. Genitalia; basal clasp segment rather stout, with a distinct lobe basally and tapering to a subtruncate apex; terminal clasp segment rather stout at base and tapering to a subacute, thickly setose apex ; dorsal plate rather long, broad, broadly rounded and thickly setose apically ; ventral plate long, slender, subtruncate distally ; style long, slender, acute apically. Type Cecid. 1294. Tritozyga H. Lw. 1862 Loew, H. Monog. Dipt. N. Amer., 1:177, 178-79 1876 Bergenstamm, J. E., & Low, Paul. Syn. Cecidomyidarum, p. 18 1288 Skuse, F. A. A. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales Proc. 3:44; 143 1007 ‘Kieffer, J. jz Syn. Gees Eur & Ale p. 53 I900 ————_——- Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., 69:447-48 191 Pet, EP. N.Y, But Sociwjoirs1942 This peculiar North American form was made the type of a new genus by H. Loew, who refrained from bestowing a specific name because of the mutilated condition of the specimen. Through the courtesy of Mr Samuel Henshaw it has been possible to study the type, now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cam- bridge, Mass. This species is more closely related to the author’s Microcerata than to any other known genus. It is easily separated from Microcerata by the uneven fork of the fourth vein, the pos- terior branch being a nearly straight continuation, while the anterior branch arises at nearly a right angle and describes a broadly S- shaped curve before uniting with the margin. This character alone suffices to distinguish it from all other Itonididae. The fourth, fifth and sixth veins are distinctly heavier than in Microcerata, the last having a somewhat sinuous course. The antennae are com- posed of but 9 segments, the second being somewhat enlarged and the terminal segment, evidently composed of 3 rather closely fused, distinctly produced and with a length fully six times its diameter. The palpi are plainly stouter than in Microcerata. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 149 Tritozyga sackeni Felt ron, Pet, faye. ON. Y. Ents*So6c, Jeu, 19:32 This unique form represents.a valid species, and though mutil- ated it seems preferable to bestow a specific name and publish the characters so far as they can be determined, particularly as this procedure fixes the identity of the genus beyond all question and removes the danger of another synonym being added to an already overburdened nomenclature. Male. Eyes black; occiput brown. Antennae short, with g seg- ments, the basal ones pale yellowish, the distal brown; first segment small, subglobose, the second distinctly enlarged, ovate, the third subcylindric, with a length three-fourths its diameter, the fourth with a length a little greater than its diameter, the fifth about the same length as the fourth, with a scattering subbasal whorl of rather short, curved setae; subapically, on the posterior face there is an irregular group of oval, tuber- culate elevations, possibly a special sense organ. Terminal segment /- evidently composed of three closely j.—- fused segments, with a length fully six times its diameter and whorls of stout setae similar to the subbasal one above described near the basal fourth, the middle and the distal fourth of this compound segment. Palpi yellowish, probably quadri- articulate, the first probably with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the second short, the penultimate cylindric, with a length about four times its diameter, the terminal as long as the preceding, slightly dilated apically and with a few coarse setae; three small ocelli. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum yellowish, sparsely setose. Wings hyaline, length 1.5 mm; costa dark brown, rather densely haired; subcosta uniting with the anterior margin near the basal third, the third vein apparently united with subcosta near the basal fourth and joining the anterior margin near the distal third; both this and subcosta heavy, dark brown and sparsely haired. The fourth vein rather distinct, slightly curved, its posterior branch an almost direct continuation of the basal portion, while the anterior branch arises at a nearly right angle, and after describing a broadly S-shaped curve, unites with the anterior margin near the distal fifth; fifth vein nearly straight, joining the posterior margin at the distal fourth, the sixth vein stout, irregularly curved and uniting with the posterior margin near the basal half. Halteres probably yellowish, the stem long, curved, the distal portion spatulate. Coxae yellowish; femora, tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown, the latter with five segments, the first longer than the second, the claws probably simple. Type in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Fig. 27 Wits? cil tit oiziye.a sackeni, enlarged. (Original) I50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Neptunimyia Felt 1or2) Pelt, BoP. ON: 3; Bat. See, Jomed eecay This genus represents a unique form intermediate in develop- ment between Lestremia and the highly reduced antennal struc- tures of Microcerata and Tritozyga. It is more closely allied to the former though easily separated therefrom by the normal second antennal segment, the digitate antennal appendages and the stoutly pectinate claws. The type species is N. tridens n. sp. Neptunimyia tridens Felt 1912 Felt, E.P:. ONY: Ent. Sec: Jeu,’ 20:237—36 This most interesting female was reared April 17, 1911, from a jar containing maple leaves infested last year with the larva of Cectdomyia ocellaris O.S.)) We its: possible. iam | a Fig. 28 Fifth antennal. seg- ment of Nep- Pw thy a tridens, en- larged. (Orig- inal) Pig! 29,4 Palpus- of (Neptu mim y tai ide as en larged. (Original) insect developed from the very slight amount ‘of decaying organic matter brought in with the sand. We are unwilling to believe that it is the parent insect of the semitransparent larvae producing in midsummer the numerous ocellate galls on soft maple leaves. Paridris nigricornis.Brues) was seared fron ,this) jan and may be a parastevor (ore e! Gaetsre REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI2 I51 Neocatocha Felt pore Pelt. B. PN. Y.-Ent: Soce Jor. .20°236 This remarkable form has the venation of Catocha and the greatly reduced antennae of Microcerata, from which latter it is easily distinguished by the normal second antennal segment. The short, sessile, flagellate antennal segments and the characteristic venation serve to separate this genus from Neptunimyia. Type N. matilandica. Fig. 30 First two an- Fig.31, Pwo tennal segments of flagellate anten- Fig. 32) Distal Mreocatocha- ©ma.- nal segments antennal segment Pilandica, enlarged. ot » Neoca- of Neocato- (Original) tio €.hiay «ail ay — Chea maaan Til aan aC an diician enlaneeds enlarged. (Ori- (Original) ginal.) Neocatocha marilandica Felt ite bee Be PsN. YY. Ent. Soc! Jour, 20 :236-37 One female was taken by Dr W. L. McAtee on Plummers island, Maryland, March 24, 1907. Female. Length 1.75 mm. Antennae short, dark brown; 8 seg- ments, the first and second normal, the fifth sessile, subglobose, with a length slightly greater than its diameter, irregularly ‘and sparsely clothed with short setae and subapically with a whorl of probably four short, stout, fleshy appendages; terminal segment compound, composed of three closely fused, and with a length about four times its greatest diameter. Palpi; first segment irregularly quadrate, the second and third subequal, each with a length 2 and one-half times the diameter, the fourth a little longer, more slender. Eyes moder- ate, black, coarsely granulate; ocelli present. Mesonotum dark red- dish brown. Scutellum yellowish brown, postscutellum slightly darker. Abdomen mostly dark yellowish brown. Wings hyaline. 152 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Halteres yellowish brown. Legs mostly dark yellowish brown; claws moderately stout, strongly curved, simple, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor short, the lobes triarticulate, the distal segment suborbicular. Ventrally, on the ninth segment, there is a pair of submedian, fuscous, pyriform appendages. Pype 2 72400. Fig. 33 Palpus of Neocatocha Mmatiba ndate ao 1en larged. (Original) Fig 34 Claws of Neocatocha mas Filandieca. en- larged. (Original) — Neocatocha spinosa n. sp. This remarkable female was found in the National Museum col- lection labeled “with specimens sent by A. R. Barber, December DOs BOZO. Female. Length 2mm. Antennae extending nearly to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, yellowish brown; 10 segments, the fifth with a short stem one-fourth the length of the oval basal enlargement, which latter has a length fully one-half greater than its diameter, a sparse basal whorl of long, stout setae and subapically a partial whorl of thickly set, short, stout, curved spines; terminal segment reduced, with a length one-half greater than its diameter, narrowly rounded apically. Palpi; first segment short, subquadrate, the second with a length twice its diameter, the third a little longer than the second, the fourth one-half longer than the third, dilated apically. Ocelli present. Thorax dark brown. Abdomen yellowish brown, the terminal segments dark brown. Ovipositor short, triar- ticulate, the distal segment narrowly oval, thickly setose. Wings hyaline, irridescent. Halteres and legs yellowish brown, the distal tarsal segments darker. Claws stout, evenly curved, simple, the © pulvilli about one-third the length of the claws. Type Cecid. I415. Lithomyza Scudd. 1877 Scudder, S. H. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr. Bul. 3. p.. 746 1890 ———_—_——. Tert. Ins. N. Amer., U. S. Geol. Geos...Satv.. Vert. Rep ty.veil 4, ps /000-O1 Iori: Felt, /E..P. No ¥. Ent. Soc. Jeur., 14-32 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 153 This genus was erected by Scudder for a single specimen found in the Chagrin Valley, White River, Colorado. It.is evidently closely allied to Lestremia. The illustration of the wing shows that sub- costa unites with the margin near the basal third. The first branch of media, which in Lestremia has disappeared, joins costa a little beyond the middle. The second branch of media joins the margin a little before the apex and is united to subcosta by a short, well- defined crossvein, evidently the vein present throughout the Les- tremiinariae, Campylomyzariae and Epidosariae. The third and fourth branches of media which, for convenience sake we have designated in this work the fourth vein, is forked as in Lestremia: the nfth and sixth veins are free. The short nine-jointed antennae indicate a close affinity with Tritozyga O.S. and Microcerata Felt. iepeithomyza condita, Scudd. This genus, if correctly placed, is the most generalized Cecid- omyiid known and must be regarded as a connecting link between this group and the Mycetophilidae. CAMPYLOMYZARIAE This tribe is easily separated from the Lestremiinariae by the simple, nearly obsolescent fourth vein. vi 1 Fig. 35 Cordylomyia coloradensis, enlarged. (Original) The typical genus, Campylomyza Meign., was erected in 1818, four pues, Co Play ipes vies bicolor. .C. iad raw se ey 154 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM aceris being named. Kieffer in 1896, holding that the genus as characterized by Meigen comprised a group, designated C.munda Winn. as the type. An examination by the writer, of specimens in Meigen’s collection deposited in the Natural History Museum of Paris, representing the four species originally assigned to this genus, showed that the specimens are in such poor condition that they can hardly be used to advantage in establishing the identity of the generic type. The form designated by Kieffer as the type of the genus, namely, C. munda Winn., unfortunately has not been characterized with sufficient fulness so that it can be sepa- rated from allied forms. Under the conditions, we are compelled for the present to treat Campylomyza Meign. as a supergenus, re- ferring thereto forms which can not be readily assigned to some of the more, recent genera. Owing to the paucity of our reared material in this group, we have been unable to make a critical study of the generic characters, though the little data we have ob- tained in this manner would seem to justify the existence of the recently established genera. Key to genera a Wingless, or if wings are present, the fifth vein simple b Claws with long, parallel teeth, the pulvilli very short.............. Strobliella Kieff. bb Claws denticulate, the puvilli absent ............ Wasmanniella Kieff. aa Winged, fifth vein forked b Third vein usually well separated from costa and frequently uniting therewith at or beyond the apex c Flagellate antennal segments globose, stemmed in both sexes and ornamented only with whorls of long hairs d Fourth vein present e Palpi tri- or quadriarticulate f Wings normal, slender, antennal segments, male 14, female IT. Joannisia Kieff. ff Wings broad, not twice as long as wide, antennal segments, ESULCUEE ED eo a0 w ence’ Sirona ee pombe le A ad de Projoannisia Kieff. ee Palpi biarticulate, the male with 14 and the female with 13 “antennal segments, the claws strongly bent, dilated subapi- CY. 3 Ssh a fet ee St, I ago he COs ot Peromyia Kieff. dd Fourth vein wanting ‘ e Antennal segments stemmed............ Trichopteromyia Will. ee Antennal segments sessile, the second enlarged, globose; palpi {ric tiemlace Aik OC ees oe oes bees ne ees Ceratomyia Felt cc Flagellate antennal segments cylindric, subsessile; male with 12, female with 9 antennal segments; fourth vein rudimentary, obso- lete distally Ak Nea oe rier ote acts Sean eee eee Mycophila Felt is REPORT OF THE SPATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 155 bb Third vein rarely extending to the apex of the wing; flagellate an- tennal segments subsessile in the female, ornamented with crenulate whorls or other structures more complex than irregular whorls’ of simple hairs c Antennae very short, the male with Io to 11, the female with 6 to 8 Stibsessile segments, “the” second sereatly enlarsed). 2... 0. sik 6. Micromyia Rond. cc Antennae not very short, the male with 14, the female with I1 to 22 antennal~segments, the second not greatly enlarged: ............. ‘Campylomyza Meign.* d Flagellate antennal segments with a more or less distinct collar subapically e Claws denticulate, the pulvilli well developed..Prionellus Kieff. ee Claws simple, the pulvilli short or rudimentary..Aprionus Kieff. dd Flagellate antennal segments with a subapical whorl of stemmed disks; claws with a minute subapical tooth....Monardia Kieff. ddd Flagellate antennal segments with reniform processes subapi- cally, claws bent at sight anales; dilated subapically....0.. 0... 0. Bryomyia Kieff. dddd Flagellate antennal segments with subapical whorls of short, stout, usually recurved’ spines.) a. 1 os 2. Cordylomyia Felt ddddd Flagellate antennal segments with series of whorls of short, SHOUT: COVER, “SPIES: ay atin eas Say ec: Corinthomyia Felt Strobliella Kieff. ioa7 WKieiter, J. J. Sym. Cecid. Bug & Ale. p:' 51 1900 ——————— Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., v. €9, pl. 22, fig. 9 ror Felt, ..P. N. Yo Ents Soc Jour, 10232 This genus, as characterized by Kieffer, has five simple long veins, the anterior border of the wing not being interrupted and passing gradually into the posterior margin. The palpi are quadriarticulate and the tarsal claws are provided at the basal half with long, parallel teeth ; the pulvilli are very short. The illustration of the wing shows that this genus is closely allied to Campylomyza, the third vein unit- ing with costa at the apex, the fifth and sixth veins being simple; subcosta joins the anterior margin near the basal half, while the crossvein appears unusually long. Type S. intermedia Kieff. Wasmanniella Kieff. 1897 Kieffer, J. J. Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 49 1900 ———————- Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., v. 69, pl. 17, fig. II, 12 font pelt. bey P. N.Y. Ent. Soc. Jour., 19:32 Members of this genus, according to Kieffer, may be recognized by the denticulate claws, the absence of pulvilli and by the subglo- bose, stemmed antennal segments. Each of the flagellate segments *Owing to the unsatisfactory characterization of Campylomyza Meign., it is tentatively given rank as a supergenus. See above. 156 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM has a whorl of hairs and a subapical whorl of 4 hyaline, hooked appendages. The female is remarkable on account of the absence of wings. The larvae live under the leaf sheath of Scirpus silvaticus. It was impossible, from a study of the type kindly placed at my disposal by Professor Kieffer, to add to the above. Type and sole species W. aptera Kieff. Joannisia Kieff. 1804 Kieffer, J. J. Soc. Bat, Fr, Bal, p175 T8G6" SS 38 SSS Misa 4-7 1897 ——-———_ Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 48 1904 Meunier, F. Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann., 28:9 1608, Pelt, EE. P. NY. State Mus) Bulaza > 312 I9cg —————— Ent. Soc. Cent. 39th Rep’t, p. 44 I9OII —————— N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour., 19:32 The antennae have II segments in the female and 14 in the male Joannisia, the flagellate segments with a subglobular enlarge- ment ornamented only with irregular whorls of simple setae and a smooth, cylindric stem distally (figure 36). The venation is Fig. 36 Joanissia photophila Felt, fifth and tenth antennal seg- ments of male, much enlarged. (Original) very characteristic, since the third vein is well separated from costa, runs nearly parallel thereto and unites with the margin at or well beyond the apex; the fourth vein is simple, the fifth forked. The terminal clasp segment of the male is slender, curving and tapering to an acute apex in all species known to us, except in J. Mmeome kitatia. One American species, J. pennsylvanica Felt, received through the courtesy of Prof. H. A. Surface, has been reared by Mr B. H. Farr of Reading, Pa., from decaying peony roots. Aside from this, nothing is known concerning the life history of our native forms. Kieffer has reared several European species from REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 157 decaying wood, from tufts of moss and also from a mold cover- ing a fungus. It is very probable that our American species live under similar conditions, particularly as they are most numerous in the vicinity of forests or where there is an abundance of decay- ing vegetable matter. The generic type is J. aurantiaca Kieff. Key to species a II antennal segments, females b Abdomen dark brown, unicolorous, palpi triarticulate............... blaawe pedatis.< Felt, C: 687 bb Abdomen dark reddish brown, fuscous distally, palpi quadriarticu- Baten een. ba Ui sae ee ens oF carolinae Felt, ©. ar610 aa 14 antennal segments, males b Terminal clasp segment slender, tapering to an acute point c Legs thickly haired a Postecmeliunn Teddisn Waawideee eee fo es oe ee 1S ge. Terminal antennal seement reduced; ‘oval.::...:-..2..3.20662: photeaphila Felt, ‘C. 747, 748, 753, 472 ee Terminal antennal segment produced, with a knob apically ... pennsylvanica Felt, Cecid. a1g28 dd Postscutellum fuscous yellowish...... flavoscuta Felt, C. 653 petuees sparsely haired). eee ar a camoliniae Felt; Car6ro bb Terminal clasp segment stout, broadly rounded apically c Mesonotum dark brown, scutellum and abdomen a little lighter.... He OTe Xi can a Ti.”sp:, C/ 801 Joannisia flavopedalis Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 313 This female was taken at Newport, N. Y., July 25, 19c6. Female. Length .5 mm. Antennae probably nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, 11 segments; fifth subglo- bose; terminal segment with the basal portion slightly produced, narrowly oval. Palpi; the first segment somewhat enlarged, sub- globose, the second rather slender, one-half longer, the third some- what irregular, nearly twice the length of the second. Eyes rather small, black; ocelli present. Head, thorax and abdomen apparently a nearly uniform dark brown, ovipositor pale yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta joining the margin just before the basal half. Legs pale yellowish, the articulations variably tinged with dark carmine; distal tarsal segments reddish brown; metatarsus a little longer than the following segment; claws very long, slender, strongly curved, simple; pulvilli nearly as long. Ovi- positor short, the terminal lobes triarticulate, the basal subquadrate, the second a little longer, dilated distally, the third narrowly oval, all sparsely setose; minor lobe long, slender, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 687. 158 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Joannisia carolinae Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 100; separate, p. 4 (Campylomyza) 1908 —————— N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 313 This species was taken on a window in a woodland hut at David- son’s River N. C., September 23, 1906. Male. Length .4 mm. Antennae twice the length of the body, light brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem one-fourth longer than the subglobose enlargement ; terminal segment suboval. Palpi; the first segment very broad, short, second broadly oval, the third narrowly oval and the fourth smaller. Mesonotum reddish brown. Scutellum, postscutellum and basal abdominal segments dark red- dish brown, distal abdominal segments dull black. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal half; halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs nearly uni- form fuscous yellowish, sparsely haired, posterior metatarsus slender, more than twice the length of the following segment; claws strongly curved, almost at right angles, simple; pulvilli slender, nearly as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, broad, truncate, with an internal chitinous spine; terminal clasp segment broad at base, tapering. Dorsal plate rather broad, evenly rounded. Female. Length .5 mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, light brown; 11 segments, the fifth with a stem two-thirds the length of the globular basal enlargement; terminal segment suboval. Palpi; the basal segment large, suboval, the others regularly decreasing in size. The colorational and structural characters of the thorax and its appendages practically as in the male. Ovipositor. short, terminal lobes biarticulate, the basal subquadrate, the distal sub- oval. Type Cecid. a1619. Joannisia photophila Felt 1007) Pelt, E.R. ON. ¥. ‘State Mus.) Bulls io. “pt (907 “Separate, spa (Campylomyza) ; 1908 —————_—_ NN Y.. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 313 This species is evidently one of our most common forms as it was taken on the office window at Albany during July and August, and also captured in a trap lantern at Poughkeepsie August 7, 1900. Male. Length .5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem one- fourth longer than the globose enlargement, terminal segment ovate, thickly and irregularly clothed with long hairs. Palpi; the first seg- ment quadrate, about one-half longer than broad, the second irregularly oval, broad, the third narrowly oval, as long as the REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 159 second, the fourth one-half the length of the preceding, oval. Mesonotum dark reddish, submedian lines indistinct. © Scutellum and postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen dark brown, some- what fuscous posteriorly. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, halteres dark reddish. Legs fuscous yellowish, distal tarsal segments reddish brown; claws medium, strongly curved, sim- ple; pulvilli nearly as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segments stout, broad, truncate and apparently with a large, curved, chitinous process extend- ing behind the median plates and nearly touching a similar fig 37 Palpus of Joannisia process arising from the oppo- photophila, enlarged. (Original) site segment; terminal clasp seg- ment swollen basally. Dorsal plate smooth, broadly rounded, short, ventral plate similar. Type Cecid. 747. Joannisia pennsylvanica Felt mpteeelt, EP... Econ.; Ent: jour, 4-476 This species was submitted for study by Prof. H. A. Surface, who states that it was reared from decaying peony roots by Mr B. H. Farr of Reading, Pa. Joannisia flavoscuta Felt roo, Lelt, BE. -P: IN. VY: State Mus. Bul. 124, p) 213 This form was taken on a window at Nassau, N. Y., July 24, 1906. Male. Length .5 mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, thickiy haired, dark brown; 14 segments, 5th with stem one-fourth longer than the globose enlargement; terminal segment suboval. Palpi; the first segment broadly oval, the second nearly as long, nar- rowly oval, the third a little shorter, more slender, the fourth shorter and more slender. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines indis- tinct. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum dark fuscous yellow- ish. Abdomen nearly uniform dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish transparent basally, fuscous apically. Legs mostly a fuscous yellowish, tarsi variably tinged with carmine ; claws long, slender, strongly curved near the middle, simple. Geni- talia; basal clasp segment short, stout, with a conspicuous chitinous tooth internally, obliquely truncate; terminal clasp segment short, stout, greatly swollen at the base. Dorsal plate short, broadly rounded, ventral plate a little wider, longer, broadly rounded. Type Cecid. 653. 160 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Joannisia neomexicana n. sp. This species was taken at Pecos, N. M., August 25th, by Prof. Di D. A. ‘Ceckerell. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae brown, about twice the length of the body, ici *heteeale I4 segments, the fifth with a stem one- fourth longer than the globose. enlargement ; terminal segment dumbell-shaped, the basal swelling somewhat greater than the distal one, the two broadly united. Palpi apparently missing. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum and abdomen a little lighter. Wings hya- line, costa light brown. Legs a variable yellowish, the distal tarsal segments slightly fuscous; claws long, slender, strongly curved, minutely denticulate, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, truncate; terminal clasp segment short, stout, slightly swollen near the middle. Type Cecid. 891. Projoannisia Kieff. 1912 Kieffer, J. J. Neue Gallm.-Gatt. p. 2 This form is allied to Joannisia, has unusually broad wings and the third vein is nearer the rudimentary fourth than to costa. The antennal segments are ‘12, subsessile, the stem being about one- fourth the length of the pyriform basal enlargement, the latter with subapical, heavy, curved special sense organs not appearing in typ:cal Joannisia. The simple claws are only slightly bent and about twice the length of the pulvilli. The ovipositor is very short. Type. Joannisia latipeéennas Kier: Peromyia Kieff. 1o94 Kietter, J.). soc. Ent. oPe Bull p.4a75 1896 ———_———_— Mis. Ent., 4:7, 11 1897 ——_———— Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 48 1900 soc, Ent: Pr. Ann, ty.Go) ple22 Sigst2; (pl oa) miei oi elt, By (PN. Yoirnut. Soe. Joure 19e32 The antennal segments in this genus are subglobose, the segments (male 14, female 13) with long stems in both sexes. The palpi are biarticulate.. The claws are bent.at almost right angles and greatly swollen at the distal third. The anterior border of the wing extends a little beyond the third vein. The pulvilli are long. The third vein curves distally and joins the margin near the rudimentary fourth vein. The basal clasp segment of the male is stout, truncate, the terminal clasp segment short, stout, curved subapically, greatly swollen and obtusely rounded distally. Ovipositor quadriarticulate. Through the courtesy of the authorities we were allowed to study the excellent microscopic preparations of this genus in the Berlin Natural History Museum. REPORT OF THE SEATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 1912 161 Neurolyga Rond., 1846, appears to be close to Peromyia Kieff, and the latter may prove to be identical therewith. _ The pupa of the typical species is somewhat remarkable on ac- count of its slender form and especially because of the 3 lateral triangular appendages arising from the first to third segments. The ventral abdominal surface is thickly studded with chitinous points, while the dorsum is ornamented with short, stout, chitinous spines. mope ee hew eillei Kielf. No wAmerican forms. have been recognized. Trichopteromyia Will. 1896 Williston, S. W. Ent. Soc. London Trans., p. 255 rop1 Kuetrer,. J. J. Suite Syn, Cecid. Bur, & Alg., p. 16-17 tore Peltte.B. PP. ON. Y:.Pnt, Soc. Jour, 16233 This West Indian genus is evidently allied to Campylomyza Meign. and may be distinguished therefrom, as indicated by the describer’s illustration of the wing, by the absence of the rudimen- tary fourth vein; subcosta unites with the margin at the basal third, the third vein at the apex and the fifth just beyond the basal Halt, ats branch near the basal third. Whe female antenna, as illustrated, presents much the same form as that of Joannisia with which this genus may be closely allied. Type T. modesta Will. Mycophila Felt — rou ete. EP. N.Y. Ent.) Socr Jour, 19233 This genus is evidently related to Joannisia Kieff., though readily separable therefrom by the small number of antennal seg- ments and by the rudimentary fourth vein being obsolete distally. type M fdngei cola Felt. Mycophila fungicola Felt Koihime be. Nyy. Bot. Soc, Jour, 19°33 This species was reared from young mushrooms collected by fi Cecil Tyas at’San Ratael, Cal September 7, 1807... Mn Per- gande, of the Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C., states that the flies are red, the abdomen paler, marked with narrow, pale dusky bands, the thorax is dusky or blackish above, eyes black. Antennae and legs pale dusky and with a yellowish tinge. Larvae. Length .75 mm., rather stout, broadly rounded poster- iorly, nearly so anteriorly, pale orange. Head subrectangular with a diameter about one-half that of the body, antennae apparently uniarticulate, rather long, stout, with a length about five times the 162 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM diameter, at the distal fifth tapering suddenly to an acute apex. No breast bone is apparent, the surface of the body is smooth. Fig. 38 Fifth antennal segment of Fig. 39 Fifth antennal male of Mycophila fungicola, segment of male of My- Me cophila- imine iceman enlarged. (Original) other side, enlarged. (Orig- inal ) Female. Length .6 mm. Antennae extending to the second ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish; 9 segments, the first broadly obconic, the second subglobose, the third produced, fusiform, free, the fifth with a length about twice its diameter, sub- cylindric, tapering; subbasal whorl of setae thick, long, curved; sub- apical band finer; distally there are apparently four broad, chitinous lobes; terminal segment produced, the basal portion broadly oval, the distal smaller, almost subglobose. Palpi indistinct. Ovipositor short, . biarticulate, the basal sclerite long, Fig. 40 Wing of Mycophila broad, quadrate, tapering distally, fungicola, enlarged. (Orig- the terminal sclerite broadly oval, me both sparsely setose, minor lobe long, obliquely truncate, sparsely setose. Other characters as in the male, see citation. Ceratomyia Felt iit Felt, EB. Pe NIV; Bat. SeciVioun., 1o%3 Allied to Micromyia Rond. on account of the greatly enlarged second antennal segment, though easily separated therefrom by the absence of the fourth vein. The latter character indicates a re- lationship with Trichopteromyia Will. from which it may be sepa- rated by the greatly reduced antennal segments with only 6 short, sessile segments. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 163 Ceratomyia johannseni Felt Pres wae. NYY. Ent. Soc. fear .197334 This interesting species was received from Ocotlan, Mexico, through Dr O. A. Johannsen under date of December 12, IgIo. See above citation for a detailed description. »\o/ Fig. 41 Fifth antennal segment of female Mycophila fungicola; J, tridigitate - process; c, fifth segment from other antennae, enlarged. (Original) Micromyia Rond. 1840 Rondani, Camillo. Memoira II a per serv. alla Ditterolog. Ital. Parma, 23 1846 —————— Nouv. Ann. Sc. nat. Bologna, ser. 2, p. 360, 373 1864 Schiner, J. R. Fauna Austriaca Dipt., p. 411-12 1870 Winnertz, J. Vehr. z.-b.-Ges. Wien, 20:27 1876 Bergenstamm, J. E. & Low, Paul. Syn. Cecidomyidarum, p. 18 1892 Theobald, F. V. Acct. Brit. Flies, p. 86 1896 Kieffer, J. J. Misc. Entomol., 4:24 1897 ————_——— Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 50 I9g00 ———_——— Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., 69:441 ieee Eee. | No Ve Ent Sec. Jour, 19°34 This genus was erected by Rondani in 1840 for certain small forms presenting the general appearance of Campylomyza and easily distinguished therefrom by the Io or II antennal segments of the male and the 8 of the female, they being sessile in both sexes; the second greatly enlarged, and having a diameter more than twice that of the third. The antennal setae of the male are unusually long, being three to four times as long as the segment. The palpi are quadriarticulate, the first segment rudimentary, the others nearly normal, the third in the female greatly expanded apically. Subcosta joins the anterior margin near the middle, the third vein before the apex and is united to subcosta by a distinct cross vein; the fourth vein is simple, indistinct and joins the posterior margin; the fifth 164 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM at the distal third, its branch at the basal third. Terminal clasp segment long, stout, rounded apically. The above is based on previous accounts and a study of speci- mens identified by Winnertz in the British Museum of Natural History and a good series in the Winnertz collection at the Univer- sity of Bonn. Type M.lucorum Rond. No American species are known. : Campylomyza Meign. 1818 Meigen, J. W. Syst. Beschr., 9:101, 1 1840 Westwood, J. O. Introduct. Class. Ins. Syn., p. 126 1846 Rondani, Camillo. Nouv. Ann. Sc. Nat. Bologna, S. 2; separate p. 13 (Neurolyga) 1864 Schiner, J. R. Fauna Austr. Dipt., 2:411 1870 Winnertz, J. Vehr. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 20:9-10 1876 Bergenstamm, J. E., and Low, Paul. Syn. Cecidomyidarum, p, 17 1888 Skuse, F. A. A. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales Proc., 3:133-34 1892 Theobald, F. V. Acct. Brit. Flies, 1:51, 86 1896 Kieffer, J. J. Misc. Entomol., 4:24 1897 ——__——. Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 50 1900 = ——— Emt.. Soe. Fr. Ann, 692437, 442 (Neurolyga) 1908 Meunier, F. Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann., 28:8 1908 Felt, Ei. Bs; Ns Y.- State Mus. Bub) 124 7pr e123. 6as I9II ————_—— N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour., 19:34 The unsatisfactory condition of.this genus is briefly outlined in the above discussion of the tribe characteristics. We have provisionally given the genus supergeneric rank pending a satis- factory determination and description of the type species and have assigned thereto forms not readily grouped with more recently established genera, one or more of which may prove to be syn- onyms of Meigen’s genus. Type-C. flavipes Meign. The first American species described is Say’s Campylomyza scutellata which was very briefly characterized in 1823.1 The types are not extant and it would be very difficult to establish the identity of this species though Mr Ainslee® records this species swarming on wooden uprights in a timothy and clover meadow. Campylomyza a 13 antennal segments b Length .75 mm; abdomen brown; fifth antennal segment with a stem one-third the length of the basal enlargement............. vVitinea Fel Ca 756 x 1823 Say, Thomas. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Jour., 3:17; 1883 Say, Thomas. Compl. Writ., 2:44 71908 Ainslee, C. N. Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc., 10:16-17 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 165 aa 14 antennal segments b Fifth antennal segment with a stem one-half the length of the basal enlargement c Length I mm; abdomen fuscous yellowish; antennal segments asyanimercical,. the middie ‘claw demcwlates <2... 0s feicc ws b's. Sew bas pre qgii.cta. helt, C.-726 cc Length 1.5 mm; abdomen yellowish brown; antennal segments Symmetrical middle claw, sotadenticulaten! = co) Sit... cele ods es pom. foliay Felt, | €.7a379 bb Fifth antennal segment with a stem three-quarters the length of the basal enlargement c Terminal clasp segment short, stout; pulvilli present d Length .75 mm; abdomen dark brown; terminal clasp segment greatly swollen near the middle, the fourth palpal segment slender. twice -as’ lone Tasmthte wpreseding: 620 ot 2 cackgee oo le. ss Ore toudacc welt, CG. Thy 12) T3615 cc Terminal clasp segment long, more or less flattened; pulvilli absent d Length .75 mm; abdomen dark brown; basal enlargement of fifth antennal segment with a length fully twice its diameter, the fourth palpal segment twice the length of the third, the base of the terminal clasp segment not greatly flattened and "(TES 2) ¢ A OPC egret che, SOP nan ire red, tae Cerda site. Pelt. C18 dd Length I mm; abdomen dark brown; basal enlargement of fifth antennal segment with a length about one-half greater .than its diameter, the fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third, the terminal clasp segment broad at base and strongly BATPEME Gs 2.0 sls eee ane ee oe eb biosa. elt, © 162 bbb Fifth antennal segment with a stem fully as long as the basal en- largement c Length 1 mm; abdomen pale reddish brown; fifth antennal seg- ment with a stem one-quarter ‘onger than the basal enlarge- ment; terminal clasp segment swollen, with a length five times IS WONATIELED de) fenton ea ae flawos eta. welt. (Gs 117 cc Length 1 mm; abdomen dark reddish brown, terminal clasp seg- ment stout, roundly quadrate apically, palpi quadriarticulate... Lr wn cata Relt, Gi 1404 ccc Length .4 mm; abdomen dark brown; fifth antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement; terminal clasp segment Stent, elongate, ovoid, palpi: quadriarticulate.... 55.0.0 4oee eaoaen e modesta Felt, C. 147 cccc Length 1.25 mm; abdomen dark brown; fifth antennal segment with a length one-quarter greater than the basal enlargement; palpi triarticulate; terminal clasp segment stout, much produced, not re iemers ss fit tuts Ma eee er he 2 texana Felt, C. 1258, 888 aaa 15 antennal segments, the fifth with a stem one-fourth longer than the basal enlargement b Length 1 mm; abdomen dark brown; mesonotum Dlack............. carpinda Pelt) Gine7 166 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Campylomyza vitinea Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul 110, p. 98; separate, p. 2 1008 =——— —— (Ne otate Mus) 8 ale ean red This species was taken about grape, Vitis, or ash, Fraxinus, August 14, 1906, at Albany, N. Y. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae shorter than the body, sparsely haired, brown; 13 segments, the fifth with a stem one-third the length of the pyriform basal enlargement, the terminal two segments Fig. 42 Fifth and distal two antennal segments of male Campylomyza vitinea, enlarged. (Original) partly fused. Palpi; the first segment long, swollen distally, the second slender, as long as the first, the third a little shorter. Me- sonotum dark brown. Scutellum and abdomen brown, genitalia darker. Wings hyaline, costa light brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal third. Halteres, femora and tibiae pale, tarsi darker; claws medium, curved at nearly right angles, denticulate. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, subtruncate; terminal clasp segment stout, short, broadly rounded. Type Cecid. 759. Campylomyza producta Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 315 This form was taken on a window at Nassau, N. Y., July 31, 1906. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth ab- dominal segment, thickly haired, dark brown, 14 segments; the fifth with a stem one-half the length of the subcylindric enlargement, which latter tapers distally ; terminal segment narrowly oval. Palpi; REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 167 the first segment somewhat elongate, enlarged, narrowly oval, the second more slender, longer, subrectangular, the third lanceolate and slightly shorter than the second, the fourth nearly twice the length of the third, more slender. Mesonotum dark brown, sub- Fig. 43. Palpus of Campylomyza vitinea, enlarged. (Original) median lines ornamented with short, yellowish setae; scutellum dark brown apically, postscutellum yellowish, dark brown laterally. Abdomen fuscous yellowish, genitalia brown, tipped with dull orange. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres semitranspar- ent basally, pale yellowish apically, coxae, femora and tibiae mostly pale semitransparent; femoro-tibio articulations and most of the tarsi pale orange; claws long, stout, the midpair minutely denticu- late; pulvilli rudimentary. Genitalia: basal clasp segment short, broad, obliquely truncate; terminal clasp segment long, stout; ir- regular. Dorsal plate very broad, broadly rounded. Ventral plate broad at base, tapering, broadly rounded. Style long, slender. Type Cecid. 726. . Campylomyza pomifolia Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul 12456. 315 A number of the small flies belonging to this species were taken on the under side of apple leaves, Pyrus malus at Nassau, N. Y., May 6, 1902. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the middle of the abdomen, sparsely haired, light brown, 14 segments; the fifth with a stem one-half the length of the subcylindric enlargement, which latter has a length nearly twice the diameter and tapers slightly, apically a pair of short stemmed disks ; terminal segment somewhat reduced, narrowly ovate. Palpi; the first segment rather stout, sub- quadrate, the second one-half longer, more slender, the third re- duced basally, as long and a little more slender than the second, the fourth one-half longer than the third, all rather thickly clothed with rather coarse setae. Halteres long, the distal portion prolonged. Legs probably a fuscous yellowish; claws long, strongly curved, simple; the pulvilli as long. Genitalia: basal clasp segment stout, 168 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM obliquely truncate ; terminal clasp segment long, stout, strongly con- stricted basally, broadly rounded. Dorsal plate long, broad, trun- cate. Ventral plate indistinct. Harpes short, stout, the ventral free portion broadly expanded, with irregular, angular projections anter- iorly and posteriorly. Near the harpes are a pair of short, stout, strongly curved processes. Style short, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. a379. Campylomyza pomifilorae Felt 1907 Felt, E. PP.” N. Y.. State’ Mus. Bul. 110, .p. 09; separatep.4 1908 ———_———_ NN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 315 1909 ——————- Ent. Soc. Ont. 39th Rep’t, p. 44 This species appears to be a very common, early spring form, since it was taken in numbers May 14, 1906, flying about the flowers of shadbush, Amelanchier canadensis, and also about the. flowers: of. wild cherry, Prunus .pennsylv anwea eae ikarner, IN; vY. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly clothed with long hairs, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem two-thirds the length of the subcylindric basal en- largement, apically a pair of oval, stemmed disks; terminal seg- ment obconical, sometimes fused with the preceding, the apex scarcely produced. Palpi; the first segment rather long, broadly swollen distally and with a sensory organ on the internal distal surface, second more slender, as long as the first, the third a little longer than the second, slightly stouter, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Thorax and abdomen dark brown or black. Wings hyaline, iridescent, reddish at the insertion, anterior veins brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal half; halteres whitish transparent. Legs brownish yellow, tarsi light yellow, tip of pos- terior tibiae, anterior tarsi and the terminal segments of the middle and posterior tarsi variably tinged with reddish; claws slender, simple. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, obliquely truncate ; terminal clasp segment slender at base, broadly expanded distally, thickly setose apically. Dorsal plate broad, short, broadly rounded, ventral plate inconspicuous. Harpes with a convolute basal portion, a distal acute spine pointing in a latero-posterior direction and a submedian, recurved, fusiform, chitinous process extending anter- iorly; style long, slender, irregularly curved. Type Cecid. 11. Campylomyza cerasi Felt ro07 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 101; separate, p. 4 1908 ——___—-_N.. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 316 This species was taken May 15, 1906 in the vicinity of wild cherry, Prunus pennsylvanica, wild raspberry, Rubus sp., and various bushes at Nassau, N. Y. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 169 Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, annulate with lighter; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem three-fourths the length of the irregular, subcylindric enlargement ; terminal segment slender, subconical. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, broadly rounded, second more slender, one- half longer, the third subequal, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Head, thorax and abdomen dark brown. Wings subhyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal third; halteres yellowish transparent. Legs light brown with in- distinct reddish markings at the articulations between the coxae and femora, the latter and tibiae, on the apex of the tibiae and with more or less suffused reddish tints on the tarsi; claws stout, slightly swollen near the middle, strongly curved, simple. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout, ventral margin apparently produced as a recurved setose lobe; terminal clasp segment stout, curved. The dorsal plate apparently very broad, broadly and roundly excavated, the lobes widely separated, convolute laterally, irregularly and broadly rounded. Type Cecid. 18. Campylomyza gibbosa Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 100; separate, p.. 3 1908 ——_——_——-_ NN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 316 This species was taken June 7, 1906 on spruce, Picea-.cana- neta ss at Lake ClearsNe ¥- } Male. Length I mm. Antennae longer than the body, dark brown, sparsely haired; probably 14 segments. Palpi; the first seg- ment very much enlarged, broadly rounded, the second one-fourth longer than the first and slender, the third stouter, about two-thirds the length of the second and the fourth slender and a little longer than the second. Head, thorax and abdomen dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal third ; halteres yellowish transparent. Legs pale straw, irregu- larly tinged with carmine, especially near the articulations; claws medium, strongly curved, pectinate. Genitalia; basal clasp segment very short, stout, truncate; terminal clasp segment longer than the basal clasp segment, greatly swollen basally, broadly rounded. Dor- sal plate very broad, deeply emarginate, the lobes broadly rounded; ventral plate narrow, tapering, broadly rounded, sparsely haired. Harpes short, stout, irregularly convolute, with marginal conical projections; style short, stout, curved, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 162. Campylomyza flavoscuta Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 97; separate, p. 1 1908 ——_—_———-_ NN Y.. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 313 This species was taken in general collecting at Albany, N. Y., June 4, 1906. 170 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, sparsely haired light brown, probably 14 segments, the fifth with a stem one-fourth longer than the enlargement, which latter has a length twice its diameter. Palpi missing. Mesonotum yellowish brown. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum yellowish. Ab- domen pale reddish brown. Wings hyaline, costa brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal third; halteres yellowish trans- parent. Legs a nearly uniform pale fuscous yellow, first tarsal seg- ment as long as the three following; claws slender, strongly curved, simple. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, obliquely truncate; terminal clasp segment small, swollen basally and tapering grad- ually to an obtuse point. Dorsal plate apparently very broad; vent- ral plate indistinct. Harpes apparently smooth, flattened, broadly rounded distally, the free ends approximate. Type Cecid. 117. Campylomyza truncata Felt igt2 Felt, -E PP. WN. ¥.ueut. Soc. Joug. 20-102 Allied to the preceding and collected April 19, I910 by Dr W. G. Dietz, Hazelton, Pa. Campylomyza modesta Felt 19007 Felt, E. P. N.Y; State Mus.. Bul. 110, p: oo; sepatare, p- G 1908 —__————_N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 316 This species was taken June 7, 1906 on balsam, Abies bal- sia ame a. vat! ake Clear IN ye. . Male. Length .4 mm. Antennae probably twice as long as the body, sparsely haired, light brown; probably 14 segments, the fifth with a stem about one-fourth longer than the subglobular basal en- largement. Palpi probably quadriarticulate. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen nearly concolorous. Wings subhyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal half, base of wing reddish; halteres fuscous basally, yel- lowish fuscous apically. Legs a nearly uniform yellowish straw, tarsi tinged with carmine; claws slender, strongly curved, simple; pulvilli a little shorter than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp seg- ment stout, broadly rounded, truncate ; terminal clasp segment stout, nearly oval. Dorsal and ventral plates indistinct; style short, stout. dypeGecid, 4472 Campylomyza texana Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 316 This species was taken at Plano, Texas, in Novernber 1907 by Mr E. S. Tucker and apparently the same form was captured October 22d by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell at Boulder, Col. REPORT OF THE) Stare. ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q12 L7t Male. Length 1.25mm. Antennae longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem one-fourth longer than the subcylindric enlargement ; terminal segment reduced, tapering to an acute apex. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, narrowly oval, with a large, irregularly oval sensory pit near the basal internal angle, second segment a little longer, more slender, the third longer and more slender than the second. The entire body a nearly uniform very dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa light brown, subcosta uniting with the anterior margin near the basal half. Halteres yellowish basally, light fuscous apically. Legs a light yellowish brown, the distal tarsal segments somewhat darker ; claws long, slender, strongly curved, slightly denticulate, the pul- villi a little shorter than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout, obliquely truncate; terminal clasp segment thickly haired, long, stout, slightly expanded and broadly rounded; dorsal plate short, stout, triangularly emarginate, lobes somewhat separated and broadly rounded, other organs apparently fused into an irregu- larly subquadrate process having conspicuous prolongations distally at the median and lateral angles. Type Cecid. 1258. Campylomyza carpini Felt 107 belt, 2. Po oN: Y. State Mus-.Buli 110) px 100: Separate, p. 4 1908 ——__———— N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 314 This species was taken on ironwood, Car Pimis Caroli mi- aiid. at Albany, N.Y," june 1906: Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae as long as the body, thickly haired, dark brown; 15 segments, the fifth with a stem one-fourth longer than the pyriform enlargement; the terminal two segments much reduced, narrowly fused, the fifteenth ovoid. Palpi; the first segment suborbicular, broad, the second twice the length of the first, elliptical oval, the third more slender, a little longer. Mesono- tum black with submedian lines of fine hairs. Scutellum dark brown with sparse apical setae. Abdomen dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa and subcosta reddish brown, the latter uniting with the an- terior margin at the basal half; halteres yellowish transparent. Legs pale grayish, tarsi variably tinged with reddish; claws stout, strongly curved, simple. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, relatively slender, obliquely truncate; terminal clasp segment stout, short, with a long, apical toeth. Dorsal and ventral plates not easily distinguished. There appear to be a pair of suboval appendages within, much resembling the terminal clasp segment, though these structures may be a convolute portion of the very broad dorsal plate; if so, the ventral plate is a narrow, subtriangular process narrowly rounded distally; style slender, projecting anteriorly. ype Cecid. 107, 172 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Prionellus Kieff. Prionota Kieff. 1804 Kieffer, J.-J... Soc) Ents Fr. Bul sp; 176 1895 —————— Soc. Ent. Fr. Bul.; p. 318, 319 pe ee Een ee Te 1897 —————— Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 49 1900 ————————- Soc, Ent. Fr. Ann., v. 60, pl. 17, fig. 3; pl. 22, fig. Io ror Pelt, BooP. N= Y. nity Soc. Jour, 210.34 This genus was originally defined by Kieffer as recognizable by the subconical, subsessile antennal segments of the female and with the tip of costa nearer the second than the third vein. The palpi are quadriarticulate, the claws denticulate and the pulvilli well devel- oped. Later, Kieffer states that the claws are arched and not or hardly dilated, while the antennal segments of the male are eccen- tric, with a stem about three-fourths the length of the basal enlarge- ment and with crenulate whorls as well as whorls of hairs, the third vein extending to the apex of the wing. The basal clasp segment is stout, lobed internally, while the terminal clasp segment is stout Fig. 44 Fifth and terminal antennal segments of Prionellus gram i- nea, enlarged. (Original) at the base, greatly expanded distally, swollen and broadly rounded apically. The female antennae are subconic or subovoid, with a very short stem and bearing subapically a broad, chitinous collar. The thickened anterior border of the wing extends almost to the fourth vein. Type Prionota pini Kieff. A numberof American species have been provisionally referred to this genus. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 173 Key to species a 12 antennal segments, subsessile ;. females b Chitinous collar incised c Length 1 mm; abdomen dark yellow; fifth antennal segment with a length one-quarter greater than its diameter, the fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third..defectiva Felt, C. 715 bb Chitinous collar intact, not incised c Wings long, narrow d Length 1 mm; abdomen brownish yellow; fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter, the fourth palpal segment twice as lone as the third: ..2../.2.1... silivaia Felt, ©€.:883 dd Length I mm; abdomen dark brown; fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the fourth palpal Seament one-halt longerstham, te thirds. 35). Yess oes oes aes monn 1s nispseC. 1206 cc Wings medium or small d Length 1 mm; abdomen fuscous yellowish; fifth antennal seg- ment with a length one-third greater than its diameter, the fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third.......... sim ba tiow. Pelt, C. 885 aa 13 antennal segments, sessile; females b Chitinous collar rudimentary; fifth antennal segment with a length cne-quarter greater than its diameter c Length 1.5 mm; abdomen dark brown; fourth palpal segment one- . quarter longer than the third...... lone1pennis,, Pelt, C. 7237 bb Chitinous collar well developed; fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter c Wings long, slender d Fifth tarsal segment of the posterior leg with a length one and one-half to twice its diameter e Length I mm; abdomen dark brown; fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third; terminal lobe of the ovipositor lnroadiiy Voviale? fc 002 ic Dotan cate Le ee tsugae Felt, C. 166 dd Fifth tarsal segment of the posterior leg with a length 2 to 3 times its diameter e Length 1.5 mm; abdomen dark brown; fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third, dilated; terminal lobe of the SwAPaSiton: GUOLCUIAT to. eh sa eis WA aa s Rio ek eee bloteeee nto ae INN Bee boulder enisa ss) Felt, C886, co28, 21378 ee Length 2 mm; abdomen fuscous yellowish; fourth palpal seg- ment one-half longer than the third, slender; terminal lobe of the ovipositor broadly oval. _.....,, dilatata Felt, C. 1109 cc Wings broad d Length 2.5 mm; abdomen dark reddish brown; fourth palpal Sestnentetwice as: love acy thes third)! : aise. 25 us asimeiaem a sine latipennis Felt, C. a1457 aaa 14 antennal segments, stemmed; males b Fifth antennal segment with a stem one-third the length of the basal enlargement 174 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM c Langth 1.5 mm; abdomen dark brown; subcosta uniting with costa at the distal third; fourth palpal segment one-quarter longer than the tiitd:\.. 5 5... cn a. bone ee ee eee gtamin<éa- Felt, Cos cc Length .75 mm; abdomen dark brown; subcosta uniting with costa at the basal third; fourth palpal segment with a length twice the TANG edd BE ae ee ok leguminicola Felt; C. mz bb Fifth antennal segment with a stem three-quarters the length of the basal enlargement c Length .75 mm; abdomen dark brown; wings narrow, the fourth palpal segment with a length twice the third.................... hespertra,. Felt, C7 cc Length 1 mm; abdomen black; wings broad; fourth palpal seg- ment: with a: length twice that: of: the third: 2s. ue See ee latipennis Felt, C. a1457 bbb Fifth antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement c Length 1.5 mm; abdomen fuscous yellowish; fourth palpal segment with a length one-half greater than the third; basal clasp seg- ment with an internal lobe............. dilatata Felt, C. 1109 cc Length 1.25 mm; abdomen fuscous; fourth palpal segment with a length one-half greater than the third; basal clasp segment with- pit: tebe co cs ee some eee montana n. sp., C. aIgsi Prionellus defectiva Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 314 (Campylomyza) This species was taken on hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, at Newport, N. Y., July 27, 1906. Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth ab- dominal segment, thickly haired, dark brown, 12 segments; fifth subglobose, terminal segment slightly prolonged, narrowly rounded distally. Palpi; the first segment somewhat enlarged, subglobose, the second short, stout, subquadrate, the third a little longer, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines sparsely haired, indistinct. Scutellum dark brown, postscutellum and abdomen dark fuscous yellowish, distal segments dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the margin near the middle. Halteres yellowish transparent ; legs mostly fuscous yellowish, the tarsal articulations variably tinged with deep carmine; distal tarsal segments brown; metatarsus more than twice the length of the following segment; claws stout, strongly curved, denticulate; pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovi- positor short, the terminal lobes triarticulate, the distal segment broadly oval. Type Cecid. 715. Prionellus silvana Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 314 (Campylomyza) This species was taken August 11, 1903 by Mr R. P. Currie at an altitude of 8000 feet on the Kokanee mountain, B. C. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 175 Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae scarcely extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, reddish brown; 12 segments, the fifth obpyriform, with a length one-half greater than its diam- eter; terminal segment produced, slightly constricted near the distal third at the chitinous collar. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, irregularly ovoid, the second stout, with a length about one-half greater than its diameter, the third about one-half longer than the sécond, more slender, the fourth about twice as long as the third, greatly dilated. Mesonotum rather dark reddish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum lighter. Abdomen brownish yellow. Wings long, narrow, hyaline, costa a light brown, subcosta uniting with the anterior margin near the basal half. Legs a variable light yellowish; claws long, slender, strongly curved, with 4 or 5 long denticulations ; pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes triarticulate, the third segment broadly oval. Type Cecid. 883. Prionellus monilis n. sp. This species was reared in November 1907 by Mr E. S. Tucker from a cage sown with oats. Female. Length I mm. Antennae extending to the third abdo- minal segment, thickly haired, dark brown; 12 segments, the fifth with a length one-third greater than its diameter; terminal segment greatly produced, constricted and evidently composed of two closely fused. Palpi; first segment stout, broadly oval, the second narrowly ‘ oval, the third a little longer, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum and postscutellum brown. Abdomen dark brown, the basal segments yellowish brown. Wings hyaline, costa light brown, subcosta joining the margin at the basal half, the third vein near the apex. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs a variable fuscous yellowish, the distal tarsal segments brownish; claws strongly curved, denticulate, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Ovipositor short, the lobes triarticulate, the third segment broadly oval, all sparsely haired. Type Cecid. 1296. Prionellus simulator Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 314 (Campylomyza) This species was taken fine 26, presumably 1903, by Mr R. P. Currie at Kaslo, B. C. Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly haired, yellowish brown; 12 segments, the fifth subsessile, subcylindric, with a length about one-third greater than its diameter; terminal segment somewhat produced and taper- ing to a rounded apex. Palpi; the first segment greatly expanded dis- tally, pyriform, the second a little longer, slender, narrowly rounded apically, the third a little longer and more slender than the second, 176 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the fourth one-half longer than the third, somewhat dilated. Me- sonotum dark brown. Scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen fus- cous yellowish, the latter dark brown distally. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the anterior margin near the basal half. Legs a fuscous yellowish; claws long, rather slender, strongly curved, finely denticulate, pulvilli longer than the claws. Ovipositor short, triarticulate; the. third segment broadly oval. Type Cecid. 885. Prionellus longipennis Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 314 (Campylomyza) This species was taken on an office window August 2, 1906 at Albany, N.Y. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly haired, brown, 13 segments; the fifth subsessile, pyriform; terminal segment somewhat reduced, nearly pyri- form. Palpi; the first segment enlarged, subglobose, the second smaller, nearly oval, the third one-half shorter, broadly oval, the fourth a little longer, slender, elliptical. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum dark reddish brown, post- scutellum light reddish brown. Abdomen dark brown, the distal segments darker, and with the incisures and pleurae pale orange, the sclerites not sharply defined. Wings hyaline, costa light brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal third. MHalteres yel- : lowish basally, fuscous apically, the legs a nearly uniform light brown, shaded with fuscous distally, tarsal segments dark brown; claws stout, curved, denticulate ; pulvilli wanting. Ovipositor short, the lobes biarticulate, basal segment irregular, subquadrate, the dis- tal one narrowly oval. Type Cecid. 733. Prionellus tsugae Felt 1007 Felt, H.o Po oN: ¥> State Mus’ Bal. t1ro,. ps 1e1; ‘separate epee (Campylomyza) 1908 ——_—_———_ N. Y.. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 314 (Campylomyza) This species was taken June 7, 1906 on hemlock, Tsugacan- a demsis > atduake Clear, Nic: Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly haired, dark brown; 13 segments; fifth subcylin- dric, with a length one-half greater than its diameter, terminal seg- ment subcylindric, tapering roundly to a slightly produced apex; Palpi; the first segment, pyriform, greatly enlarged distally, the second and third subequal, suboval, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines with pale hairs. Scutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 E77 half; halteres probably whitish transparent. Legs a nearly uniform dark straw, terminal segments slightly darker; claws stout, strongly curved, serrate. Ovipositor short, the basal segment subquadrate, the second broadly oval. Type Cecid. 166. eS Fig. 46 Distal Fig. 45 Palpus tarsal segments of of Privon ed luis Pein-e li uss Sel Se aek, en- ES are ; en- larged. (Original) larged. (Original) Prionellus boulderensis Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 314 (Campylomyza) This species was taken by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell at Boulder, Col., October 15th. Apparently the same species was taken for the United States National Museum at Corvallis, Ore., May 18, 1896. | Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, thickly haired, reddish brown; 13 segments, the fifth with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the distal fourth, tapering; terminal segment somewhat reduced, tapering to a short, stout, rounded knob. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, broadly oval, with a conspituous sensory organ on its internal face, the second about as long as the first, rather stout, rounded distally, the third a little longer and more slender than the second, the fourth about one-half longer than the third, somewhat dilated; body a nearly uniform dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa light brown; subcosta uniting with the margin just beyond the basal half. Legs dark fuscous yellowish, the tarsal segments somewhat lighter ; claws long, strongly curved, denticulate, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor short, triarticulate, the third segment broadly oval. Type Cecid. 886. | 178 NEW YORK STATE. MUSEUM Prionellus dilatata Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 149 (Campylomyza) 1908 —_———— _N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 316 (Campylomyza) 1909 ——————-_ Ent. Soc. Ont. 30th Rep’t, p. 44 (Campylomyza) This species was reared by the late Dr M. T. Thompson of Clark University, Worcester, Mass., from a vial containing decay- ing vegetable matter and seeds. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the subglobose basal enlargement; terminal segment reduced, pyriform. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, irreg- ularly oval, the second a little longer, more slender, the third slightly longer than the preceding and the fourth one-half longer than the third, strongly flattened; face fuscous yellowish. Mesonotum dark Fig. 47. Distal abdominal segments and ovipositor of Prionelins tsugae, enlarged. (Original) brown. Scutellum yellowish, postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen a variable fuscous yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa light brown, subcosta uniting with the anterior margin near the middle. Halteres pale yellowish. Legs a nearly uniform light fuscous yel- lowish; claws long, strongly curved, denticulate, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment broad, truncate and with a long, roundly triangular lobe at the internal distal angle ; terminal clasp segment short, stout, greatly dilated, subtriangular ; dorsal plate narrow, tapering, narrowly rounded. Harpes stout, the distal margin bearing a pair of long, stout, recurved, teeth. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, light fuscous yellowish; 13 segments, the fifth subsessile, subcylindric; with a length one-half greater than REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI2 179 its diameter, the distal two segments closely fused, obtusely rounded _apically. .Palpi; the first segment short, stout, irregularly oval, the second a little longer, much more slender, the third longer and slightly stouter than the second, the fourth one-half longer and more slender than the third; face light fuscous yellowish. Meso- notum a fuscous yellowish. Scutellum a little lighter, postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen a light fuscous yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa pale straw, subcosta uniting with the margin near the basal half. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs pale yellow- ish, the distal tarsal segments darker; claws long, strongly curved, denticulate, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor short, triarticulate, the third segment broadly oval. Type Cecid. 1109. Prionellus latipennis Felt 1908, Felt, E. P: WN. Y. State Mus. Bull 124, p. 314 (Campylomyza) The male and female of this species were taken on a small pine, propaply Pinws rir¢ida) jai Karner, N.Y. April 27, 1907. They were observed pairing, consequently there can hardly be any question as to their belonging to the same species. Male. Length I mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem two- thirds the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement; terminal segment narrowly oval, subacute distally. Palpi; the first segment broadly oval, with a rather conspicuous sense organ internally, the second a little longer, narrow, subquadrate, the third a little shorter, more slender than the second, the fourth about twice the length of the preceding, more slender; face fuscous, eyes large, black. Mesonotum shining black, sparsely and irregularly clothed with short, yellowish hairs. Scutellum a dark reddish brown, post- scutellum and abdomen nearly shining black, sparsely clothed with fine, yellowish hairs. Wings hyaline, costa reddish brown, sub- costa uniting with the margin at the middle. MHalteres nearly uniform fuscous yellowish. Legs fuscous yellowish, the incisures variably tinged with deep red, the distal tarsal segment reddish brown; claws long, strongly curved, denticulate, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, stout, taper- ing; terminal clasp segment rather long, almost pediceled, broadly rounded and with an enlargement near the distal third; dorsal plate broad, tapering, broadly rounded. MHarpes short, stout, ap- proximate, with an acute, chitinous spine posteriorly and a semi- circular, dark, chitinous thickening dorsally. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly haired, dark reddish brown; 13 segments, the fifth subsessile; terminal segment prolonged, subcylindric, tap- ering to an obtuse apex. Palpi; the first segment stout, broadly rectangular with a conspicuous sense organ internally, second a little longer, more slender, the third as long as the second, more 180 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM slender, the fourth fully twice the length of the preceding, slightly enlarged at the distal third; face fuscous. Mesonotum black, sparsely and irregularly clothed with short, yellowish hairs. Scutel- lum reddish brown, postscutellum very dark brown. Abdomen sparsely clothed with fine, yellowish hairs, dark reddish brown, the incisures pale fuscous yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa light brown, subcosta uniting with the margin near the middle. Halt- eres pale orange basally, pale yellowish distally. Legs a nearly uniform dark brown; claws long, slender, strongly curved, denticu- late, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Ovipositor short, triarticu- late, the third segment suborbicular. Type Cecid. a1457. Prionellus graminea Felt 1907 Felt,:E. P. N.Y. State Mus, Bul 110, ps 08: separate spe (Campylomyza) 1908 —————_ N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p: 315 (Campylomyza) This dark brown male was swept from grass etc. at Karner, NEA Map ril 27 Tocoanl li Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae two-thirds the length of the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 14 segments, fifth with a stem one-fourth the length of the subglobular enlargement; terminal segment subglobular, acute apically. Palpi; the first segment, sub- Fig. 48 Palpus of Prionellus graminea, enlarged. (Original) quadrate, slightly enlarged distally, second and third subequal, the latter a trifle longer, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Head and thorax black or dark brown. Abdomen dark brown, pleurae and incisures yellowish brown. Wings hyaline, slightly fuscous, tinted with reddish basally, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the distal third; halteres semitrans- parent. Legs yellowish transparent or reddish; claws stout, strongly curved, pectinate. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout, trun- cate; terminal clasp segment short, stout, broadly rounded. Dorsal and ventral plates indistinct. Harpes very broad, slightly expanded, deeply emarginate and with the internal angles produced. Style short, broad, tapering, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 5. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 I8I Prionellus leguminicola Felt may Pelt. fue. N.Y: StatevNusy) Bal 110, p.08; separate; \p:2 (Campylomyza) 1908 ———_—_—— N.. Y.. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 315 (Campylomyza) This species was swept from red clover, Trifolium pra- fense, at Albany, N. Y., June 4, 1906. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae extending to the second ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, reddish brown; 14 segments, the the fifth with a stem one-third the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement; terminal segment obtusely rounded apically. Palpi; the first segment large, subquadrate, slightly swollen distally, the second shorter, subglobular, the third a little longer, suboval, the fourth twice the length of the preceding, subrectangular; face dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown. Scu- tellum and postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen dark brown or black. Wings hyaline, costa pale straw basally, dark brown apically, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal third; halteres whitish transparent. Femora and tibiae brownish straw color, lighter ventrally, tarsi a pale straw color, terminal segment darker; claws stout, strongly curved, those on the second and third pairs of legs denticulate. Fig. 49 Distal tarsal seg- Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, Ment’ of Prionellus : Qe thm timc ola. en- stout, truncate; terminal clasp segment jarced. (Original) short, greatly swollen at the distal third. Dorsal plate broad, broadly rounded. MHarpes strongly chitinized, broad, tapering to a heavy, chitinized, apex with an acute prolonga- tion laterally, one posteriorly on the median line and another in- ternally and posteriorly; style slender, broadly rounded. Type ecids 121. ; ° Prionellus hesperia Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 315 (Campylomyza) This form was taken on hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, at Newport, N. Y., July 27, 1906. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, 14 segments; the fifth with a stem three-fourths the length of the pyriform basal enlargement, rather stout, bladelike chitinous processes arise from apical oval pits; terminal segment slightly reduced, the distal portion long, slender, fusiform. Palpi; the first segment slightly enlarged, sub- globose, the second longer, irregularly rectangular, the third one- half longer than the second, broader, the fourth nearly twice as long as the third and’broader. Head, thorax and abdomen a nearly 182 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM uniform dark brown or black. Mesonotum shining. Wings hya- line, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the margin just before the basal half. Halteres pale Yellowish; legs mostly pale yellowish transparent, the tarsal articulations variably tinged with carmine; the distal segments darker; metatarsus of the fore and middle legs scarcely twice the length of the following segment; claws rather slender, strongly curved, denticulate; the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia: basal clasp segment short, stout, obliquely truncate; terminal clasp segment short, stout, constricted at the base, narrowly rounded. Dorsal plate broad, broadly rounded. (Plate 12, fieure 37) 2, ty perCecra: 2704. Prionellus montana n. sp. this small form was taken by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell at Boulder, Col., April 25, Igoo. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, thickly haired, fuscous; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half greater than its diameter; terminal segment somewhat re- duced, narrowly rounded. Palpi; first segment stout, subquadrate, the second a little longer, more slender, the third longer than the second, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third, slender. Thorax and abdomen a nearly uniform fuscous, the latter sparsely haired. Wings hyaline, costa fuscous, subcosta uniting therewith beyond the basal half, the third vein at or a little beyond the apex. Halteres yellowish. Legs a fuscous yellowish, the fourth and fifth tarsal segments a variable brown; claws long, stout, very strongly curved, minutely denticulate, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, obliquely truncate; terminal clasp segment greatly dilated, subtriangular, the apex slightly recurved; dorsal plate broad, broadly rounded apically, ventral plate apparently slightly bilobed. Harpes conspicuous, dilated, heavily chitinized. Type Cecid. a1g51. Aprionus Kieff. 1904 Kieffer, J.J. Soc. Ent. Fr. (Ball 176 1895 ——————__ Soc. Ent. Fr. Bul., p. 318, 319 1896 ———_———-_ Mis. Ent., 4:7, 17 1897 ———_———_ Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 49 1900 =) Soe. (Ents Pee Ann, ido, pl, 1 ne a, Seal 23 nee plii24, fies 5, 7082 1911. Felt, E.. -P.. N. WV. Ents Soc, Jour 210-34 This genus, as originally defined, has the antennal segments sub- conical, subsessile in the female, the thickened portion of costa approaching nearer the fourth than the third vein. Palpi quadri- articulate, claws simple, the pulvilli wanting. Later it was stated that the claws were arched and not or hardly dilated, while the REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 183 palpi were tri- to quadriarticulate. The eccentric antennal segments are ornamented with hyaline lamellae in addition to crenulate whorls, while the third vein joins costa at the apex. The rudimen- tary pulvilli do not extend beyond the middle of the claws. The lobes of the ovipositor are triarticulate. Kieffer states that this genus differs from Prionellus by the simple character of the claws and the short or rudimentary pulvilli. The nymph of A. miki Kieff., as illustrated by the author, is extremely interesting. There are the usual pair of slender, cephalic appendages, the smooth dorsum of the thorax is ornamented with two lines of stout setae arising from small tubercles, while the dorsum of the abdominal segments appears to be regularly marked with transverse rows of short, stout, chitinous points, the posterior margin being ornamented with a sparse row of short, stout, chitinous setae and the posterior angles of segments 2 to 8 bearing long, filiform appendages, each having a length about twice that of the segment. The terminal segment is produced as a pair of stout, subconic appendages, the lateral and internal angles of each bearing a short, stout spine. Type Apriona bidentata Kieff. No American species have been recognized. Monardia Kieff. Toot, Kieter, J. J.. Mis."Ent., 4:7; 22 1895 ——————-_ Soc. Ent. Fr. Bul., p. 318, 319 1897 —————— Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 50 1900 ——————— Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., v. 69, pl. 17, fig. 4, 9; pl. 18, fig. 3; pies. tes OF plo 24) 122.6 1904 Meunier, F. Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann., 28:9 mur Pelt, ob PL ON. oY Sint. soc. our, 10735 The North American members of this group are most easily recognized by the subapical whorls of mushroomlike append- ages, termed stemmed disks, on the antennal segments. Kieffer states that members of this genus may be distinguished by the minute subapical tooth of the claws, a character which in our ex- perience appears to be so insignificant or evanescent as to prove of comparatively slight service. The type of this genus is M. stirpium Kieff. The members of this group present considerable variations in the number of antennal segments, especially in the female, they ranging from ti mM openitert tw Melt to’ 22in Mi. artieulosa-Felt: The known males have 14 or 16 stemmed antennal segments. The palpi may be either tri- or quadriarticulate. The wings present the typical venation of Campylomyza. The pulvilli may be as long as the claws or rudimentary. Near the posterior extremity of the abdomen the females have a pair of submedian, ventral, globular or trumpet-shaped glands. The ovipositor is short and indistinctly 184 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM tri- or quadriarticulate. The male genitalia are stout with a short, swollen terminal clasp segment. The one reared American species, M. lignivora Felt, was obtained from the fungous affected heartwood of a pine, the larvae undoubtedly using the rather stout breast bone to erode irregular cavities in the affected wood. Fig. 50 Fifth and sixth an- Fig. 51 Fifth antennal segment, views from op tennal segments of female Mo- posite sides, of Mo‘nardia lignivora, male nardia lignivora, en- enlarged. (Original) larged. (Original) Key to species a II antennal segments, subsessile; females b Length 1.2 mm; abdomen fuscous yellowish; fifth antennal seg- ment with a length equal to its diameter, the third palpal segment one-third longer than the second....... eilletti Felt, C. 12304 aa 12 antennal segments, subsessile; females 5 Length 2 mm; abdomen fuscous yellowish; fifth antennal segment with a length one-quarter greater than its diameter, the third palpal segment one-quarter longer than the second.............. foxicodendron Felt, Go re bb Length .75 mm; abdomen fuscous yellowish; fifth antennal seg- ment with a length one-quarter greater than its diameter; fourth palpal segment with a length one-half greater than the third..... alexanderi n. sp., C. 1370 aaa 14 antennal segments b Antennal segments subsessile c Length 2 mm; abdomen fuscous yellowish; fifth antennal seg- ment with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the fourth bale’ sepment as long asthe third.4..a.% ) 4-4). .oe eee pinicorticis Felt, C. 799 bb Fifth ON segment with a stem one-third the length of the basal enlargement; males; subcosta uniting with costa at the basal third ° c Length 1.5 mm; abdomen reddish brown; terminal clasp seg- ment plainly pyriform........... karnerensis Felt, C. 29 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 185 cc Length 1 mm; abdomen dark brown; terminal clasp segment only slightly enlarged apically.......... populi Felt, C. 115 bbb Fifth antennal segment with a stem one-half the length of the basal enlargement; subcosta uniting with costa at the basal half c Length .75 mm; abdomen dark brown; fourth palpal segment twice the length of the third....balsamicola Felt, C. 145 bbbb Fifth antennal segment with a stem three-quarters the length of the basal enlargement; male; subcosta uniting with costa just beyond the basal half c Length 1.5 mm; abdomen reddish brown; fourth palpal segment with a length one-half greater than the third................. barlowi Felt, C. 798 bbbbb Fifth antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement c Length 1.25 mm; abdomen dark brown; fourth palpal segment with a length one-half ereater than the third..i;..........2... tuckeri Felt, C. 1259 aaaa 16 antennal segments b Length 1.3 mm; abdomen dark reddish; fifth antennal segment with a stem one-third the length of the basal enlargement, the third palpal segment only a little longer than the second; male.. lignivora Felt, C. a1614 aaaaa 21 antennal segments, subsessile; female b Length 2.5 mm; abdomen dark red; fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the fourth palpal seament > a. little domsemitiiats the tides. choise bc ce 0 he a Soke lignivora Felt, C. a1614 daaaaa 22 antennal segments, subsessile; female b Length 2.5 mm; abdomen light brown; fifth antennal segment with a length three-quarters its diameter; fourth palpal segment with a tenet ofie-lalt eteates taan tite tiirds 2.20 ad oe articulosa Felt, C. 884 Monardia gilletti Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 314 (Campylomyza) This species was taken on a window at Albany, N. Y., September II, 1907. Female. Length 1.2 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly haired, light brown; 11 segments, the fifth pyriform, with a length less than its diameter; terminal segment produced, broadly rounded. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, roundly subquadrate, the second a little longer and more slender, the third one-third longer than the second, more slender. Mesono- tum dark brown. Thorax dark brown. Abdomen fuscous yel- lowish. Wings hyaline, costa yellowish brown, subcosta uniting with the anterior margin near the basal third. Halteres fuscous yellowish. Coxae and legs a variable fuscous yellowish; claws long, slender, strongly. curved, simple, the pulvilli about as long as the 186 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM claws. The venter of the seventh segment with submedian, sub- globose organs, the ovipositor short, triarticulate; terminal segment narrowly oval. Type Cecid. 1239a. Monardia toxicodendron Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. -110, p: 08- Sepatate, po dea (Campylomyza) 1908 ——_——— N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 314 (Campylomyza) This species was taken on poison ivy, Rhus toxicodend- ron} iat AilbanyoN: -Y., june: a: eee: Female. Length 2mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly clothed with whitish hairs, dark brown; Fig. 52 Seventh and eighth antennal seg- ments of Monardia toxicodendron, enlarged. (Original) 12 segments, the fifth pyriform; terminal segment much short- ened, obliquely rounded distally. Palpi; the first segment subglobu- lar, second one-half longer, lanceolate, the third one-quarter longer, Fig. 53 . Palpus of Monardia .toxico- dendron, enlarged. (Original) more slender. Mesonotum dark brown, the posterior median area yellowish brown, submedian lines ornamented with pale hairs. Scu- tellum and postscutellum pale reddish yellow, the former with REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI2 187 sparse yellowish hairs. Abdomen pale fuscous yellowish, terminal segment and ovipositor dark brown or black. Wings hyaline, costa pale straw, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal third; halteres yellowish transparent. Legs a nearly uniform pale straw Fig. 54 Apex of abdomen showing ovipositor of Monardia toxi- codendz on» enlarved>, (Oricimnal) yellow ; claws slender, strongly curved, simple. On the venter of the eighth abdominal segment, a pair of irregular, trumpet-shaped, fuscous organs. Ovipositor short, triarticulate, terminal lobe sub- aval Type Gecid: 122: Monardia alexanderi n. sp. This species was taken by Mr C. P. Alexander on Sport island, Sacandaga river, N. Y., July 25, 1900. Female. Length .75 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, deep red; 12 segments, the fifth with a length one-quarter greater than its diameter, the eleventh and twelfth segments narrowly fused, the latter somewhat reduced. Palpi probably quadriarticulate, the penultimate narrowly oval, with a length three times ifs width, the terminal segment one-half longer. Mesonotum dull black. Scutellum and postscutellum ap- parently concolorous. Abdomen fuscous yellowish. Costa pale straw, subcosta uniting therewith near the basal half. MHalteres whitish transparent. Legs mostly pale straw, the tarsi variably tinged with reddish, the distal segments darker; claws strongly curved, slightly swollen subapically; pulvilli as long as the claws; ventral glands globose. Ovipositor short; terminal segment nar- rowly oval, with a length three times its width. Type Cecid. 1370. 188 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Monardia pinicorticis Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N.,Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 315 (Campylomyza) 1909 —————— Ent. Soc. Ont. 39th Rep’t, p. 44 (Campylomyza) This species was reared from the galleries of a Scolytid in pine, Pinus sp., taken at Riverton, N.-J., April 24, 1901 by Prot ae W. Johnson. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely clothed with fine hairs, light brown; I4 segments, the fifth pyriform, with a length one-half greater than its diameter ; terminal segment reduced, acute apically. Palpi; the first segment rather long, broadly oval, the second a little shorter, narrow, the third considerably shorter and more slender than the preceding and the fourth more slender and nearly as long as the third. Mesonotum and scutellum reddish brown, the former sparsely and evenly clothed with fine, yellowish hairs, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen fuscous yellowish, sparsely clothed with fine, yellowish hairs. Wings hyaline, costa light brown, subcosta uniting with the margin near the middle of the wing. Halteres and legs mostly fuscous yellowish, the distal tarsal segments somewhat darker. Metatarsus more than twice the length of the preceding segment. Claws short, stout, strongly denticulate, pulvilli rudi- mentary. Ovipositor short, triarticulate, the third segment short, broadly oval. Vype Cecid. 790. Monardia karnerensis Felt 1907 Felt, HE. P. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 101; separate, p. 5 (Campy-— lomyza) 1908: =—=——— "Ny YoState Mus, Bal. r24) pugs, (Campylomyza) This reddish brown species was taken at Karner, N. Y., May 16, 1900. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae half the length of the body (probably broken) sparsely haired, dark brown; probably 14 seg- ments, the fifth with a stem one-third the length of the sub- cylindric basal enlargement. Palpi; the first segment subquadrate, stout, the second as long, broadly oval, the third a little longer and the fourth one-half longer than the third. Mesonotum dark brown with submedian lines sparsely clothed with setae. Abdomen red- dish brown. Wings subhyaline, the veins brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal third; halteres yellowish transparent. Legs semitransparent with irregular, reddish bands on the tarsi and at the tip of the tibiae, particularly on the mid and posterior legs; claws strongly curved, pectinate. Genitalia; basal clasp seg- ment short, stout, obliquely truncate; terminal clasp segment short, greatly swollen distally. Dorsal plate broad, tapering, broadly rounded; ventral plate indistinct. Harpes broad at base, curving REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI2 189 to a heavy, apical process with an acute, outward curved point dis- tally and anteriorly a heavy, slender, chitinous spine, and slightly laterally a flattened, broadly rounded lobe parallel with the spine and nearly as long; style short, slender, the apex broadly rounded. ePiate.i2; feure 1.) Type Cecids 20: Monardia populi Felt Too7 Pelt) E. Po -N. Y° State, Mus. Bull 110,-p:.98-99; separate, p. 2 (Campylomyza) 1908 ——_—__——- N.. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 315 (Campylomyza) This species was taken on the large-toothed poplar, Populus Sramraidentata, at Albany Nz ¥;.June 4, 1906. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdo- minal segment, dark brown, sparsely long haired; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem one-third the length of the subcylindric enlarge- ment; terminal segment obconic, the apex slightly produced. Palpi; the first segment stout, broadly expanded distally, the second more slender, one-half longer, the third a little longer than the second, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum and postscutellum a little lighter. Abdomen dark brown, very sparsely clothed with fine, yellowish hairs. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal third; halteres whitish transparent. Legs a nearly uniform light slaty brown, claws stout, strongly curved, pectinate. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, obliquely truncate; terminal class seg- ment stout, greatly expanded distally. Dorsal plate broad, broadly rounded. Harpes stout, expanded distally, the posterior margin slightly excavated, the internal angle produced as a short, acute spine; style stout, short, slightly expanded, broadly and roundly ex- eavareay) (Plate 14 -heure a.) -f ype Cerid. 115. Monardia balsamicola Felt foo7 Peles. Po N. ¥2)State; Mus: Bul: 110; p.) a0; ‘separate! ip. 3 (Campylomyza) 1908 ——————. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 315 (Campylomyza) This species was taken on balsam, Abies balsamea, at Lake Clear, N. Y., June 7, 1906. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, dark brown, sparsely long haired; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem one-half the length of the subglobular basal enlargement ; terminal segment subconical. Palpi; the first segment subglobular, second as long as the first, suboval, the third a little more slender, as long as the second, the fourth more than twice the length of the third. Mesonotum, scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen nearly uniform dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa light brown, subcosta Igo NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM uniting with the margin at the basal half; halteres whitish transpar- ent. Legs nearly uniform straw brown; claws stout, strongly curved, pectinate. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, obliquely truncate; terminal clasp segment greatly enlarged and broadly rounded. Dorsal plate about one-half the width of the entire seg- ment, broadly rounded. Harpes stout, subtriangular basally, broadly and roundly excavated laterally at the posterior third, apically broadly rounded internally and with a conspicuous beak at the ex- ternal posterior angle. (Plate 12, figure 2.) Type Cecid. 145. Monardia barlowi Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 316 (Campylomyza) This species was taken May 2, 1904 by Prof. John Barlow at Kingston, R. I. Apparently the same species has been taken at Aweme, Manitoba, N. W. T., and at Hazleton, Pa. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the third ab- dominal segment, thickly long haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem three-fourths the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement ; terminal segment reduced, irregularly obtuse distally. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, irregularly oval, the second a little longer, subrectangular, the third a trifle longer, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender. Mesono- tum dark brown, submedian lines sparsely clothed with fine, yellow- ish hairs. Scutellum dark brown. Abdomen reddish brown, rather thickly clothed with yellowish hairs. Wings hyaline, costa light brown, subcosta uniting with the margin just beyond the basal half. Halteres and legs a nearly uniform fuscous yellowish, the distal tarsal segments somewhat darker; claws short, stout, strongly curved, denticulate, the pulvilli as-long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout, a conspicuous lobe at the internal distal angle, terminal clasp segment narrowed and prolonged at the base, swollen distally, broadly rounded; dorsal plate broad, broadly rounded. Harpes apparently consisting of two subrectangular, ir- regular plates with the internal and distal margins, the latter strongly excavated, heavily chitinized. Type Cecid. 708. Monardia tuckeri Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 316 (Campylomyza) This species was taken in November 1907 at Plano, Texas, by Mr BS.) Lucker. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length one- half greater than its diameter; terminal segment reduced, tapering, obtuse. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, irregularly oval, the second as long as the first, slender, the third a little longer and stouter than the second, the fourth one-half longer and more slender REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 IOI than the third. Entire body a nearly uniform dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa light brown; subcosta uniting with the anterior margin near the basal half. Halteres yellowish basally, light fuscous api- cally. Legs a light yellowish brown, the distal tarsal segments somewhat darker; claws long, slender, strongly curved, simple, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout, the internal distal angle produced as a long, roundly tapering process; terminal clasp segment short, stout, greatly dilated near the basal third, broadly rounded. Dorsal plate long, stout, broadly rounded. WHarpes short, broad, each with a pair of long retrorse spines ; style long, slender, subacute. Type Cecid. 1259. Monardia lignivora Felt io, Pelt..-Bo PL NOY. State Mus. Bul 110; p» 100; separate,.p../4 (Campylomyza) 1908 —_—_—_—— N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 314, 315 (Campylomyza) 1909 ————_—— Ent. Soc. Ont. 30th Rep’t, p. 44 (Campylomyza) Many larvae and a number of adults of this interesting form were taken September 21, 1906 in the fungus-affected heartwood of an if inen bard pine, Pinus rigida., .at Davidson's River, N.C. The tree had been cut into the 2oth of the preceding July for the purpose of observing the progress of a fungus affection. This un- doubtedly gave the gnats an opportunity to enter and at the time of their discovery they had worked their way among the spongy tissues. The flies had probably oviposited in crevices and galleries a con- siderable distance from the cut surface. Larvae, pupae and adults were found in the affected wood at least three inches above the cut and fully two inches behind the deepest part. The affected wood, either as the result of fungous attack or because of the operations of the Cecid larvae, was quite spongy and contained numerous lenticular cavities. It was well charged with pitch. The Dipterous larvae ap- peared to erode the smooth surface of the wood, even that apparently hard and sound and, as a result, produced quantities of very fine, yellowish wood ‘powder. Full-grown larvae to the number of fifteen to twenty were taken in a smooth channel about 6 mm in diameter and 5 cm long. Other larvae occurred singly and the same was true of pupae. Exuviae or pupal skins were so numerous on portions of the cut surface as to literally cover it, especially the more spongy portions. Larva. Length 6 mm, slender, light salmon. Head small; an- tennae stout, apparently uniarticulate; breastbone stout, well de- veloped, tridentate, the median tooth largest, the shaft slender, slightly expanded distally. Skin nearly smooth; the segments pos- teriorly with transverse rows of minute spines as in Miastor larvae. Terminal segment broadly rounded. (Plate 13, figure 4.) IQ2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Pupa. Length 5 mm. The head and thorax are reddish or dark brown, the abdomen a light salmon. Exuviae. Length 3.5 mm, pale whitish; antennal cases short, stout ; cephalic horns very slender; wing cases extending to the sec- ond abdominal segment ; leg cases to the third and fourth abdominal segments. Abdomen dorsally, thickly ornamented with minute, chitinous points; posterior extremity reduced, narrowly rounded. Male. Length 1.3 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth ab- dominal segment, sparsely long haired, light brown; 16 segments, the fifth pyriform, with a stem one-third the length of the enlarge- ment; términal segment reduced. Palpi yellowish, the first segment subglobular, second and third subequal, subquadrate, the fourth one-half longer than the preceding. Mesonotum black, sparsely - clothed with short, fine, silvery hairs, laterally with a few long, black hairs, submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum and postscutel- lum dark brown. Abdomen dark red, the dorsal sclerites slightly ferruginous, sparsely clothed with short setae. Genitalia very dark brown. Wings subhyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal third; halteres fuscous basally, yellowish apically. Legs a nearly uniform fuscous yellowish, claws heavy, slightly curved, simple. Genitalia; basal clasp segment broad, short; terminal clasp segment short, swollen at the middle. Dorsal plate large, triangular, tapering; ventral plate smaller, angu- late, deeply emarginate, the lobes widely separated, acute and with conspicuous lateral prolongations at the basal half. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, densely yellow-haired, yellowish brown; 21 segments, the fifth subsessile, nearly disc-shaped. Palpi yellowish, the first seg- hs Bre -€ . . i . . Fig. 55° Palous of Monwardiva lieniviora, ‘en- larged. (Original) ment short, subquadrate, second and third subequal, elongate oval, the fourth a little longer. Color practically as in the male. Ventrally near the middle of the eighth abdominal segment, there is a pair of submedian irregular, trumpet-shaped organs. Ovipositor triarticu- late, terminal lobe orbicular. Type Cecid. a1614. Monardia articulosa Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 315 (Campylomyza) This unique species from the United States National Museum, was taken in the White mountains by Morrison. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I912 193 Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the base of , the abdomen, thickly haired, reddish brown; 22 segments, the fifth subsessile, subglobose; terminal segment produced, a knob apically. Palpi; the first segment, somewhat produced, pyriform, the second Se as ee eo ee ae ~~ om er Fig. 56 Apex of abdomen, showing submedian ventral organs and ovipositor of Monardia lignivora, enlarged. (Orig- inal ) stout, narrowly oval, the third a little longer than the second, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender. Mesonotum dark brown. Abdomen light brown. Wings rather long, broad, hyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the margin near the basal third. Coxae and femora fuscous yellowish, tarsi light yellowish; claws long, slender, strongly curved, simple, the pulvilli nearly as long as the claws. Ovipositor short, the venter of the seventh segment with a pair of submedian, subglobose organs; terminal lobes triarticulate; the third segment long, taper- ing to a narrowly rounded apex. Type Cecid. 884. Bryomyia Kieff. PoE iener, |. J... Wis. Ent.,..4°7).15 1895 ——————- Soc. Ent. Fr. Bul., p. 318 1897 ——-_———— Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 49 1900 ———————- Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., v. 69, pl. 17, fig. 6 Mier. i. FN» Vu But, Soce Jour. 10:35 Members of this genus have the claws bent at right angles and distinctly enlarged near the distal third. The pulvilli are very long, straight, and the flagellate antennal segments are each provided with a long stem in both sexes. The typical species has 10 segments in the female and 14 in the male, those of the latter eccentric and ornamented with crenulate whorls. The terminal antennal seg- ments of the female, as illustrated by Kieffer, are subconical, with several irregular subbasal whorls of short, stout setae and sub- apically a pair of stout, chitinous, reniform appendages on either 194 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM side of the segments. The palpi are quadriarticulate and the an- terior border of the wing is continued to a point near the fourth vein. The terminal clasp segment of the male is short, swollen and obtuse apically. Type B. bergrothi Kieff. Representatives of this genus are not known to occur in America. Cordylomyia Felt 1o1t Felt, E. P. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour., 19:35 This genus is represented by a series of species with short antennae and is — most easily recognized, especially in the Fis. &7 Fourth. and Git, Letale, ny the subapical, frequently thick antennal segments of Cor- Whorls of short, stout, occasionally re- dylomyia brevi-. curved spines. These organs) are less cornis, enlarged. (Orig- apparent in the male, though rudiments inal) ‘ of a whorl may be seen in at least one species placed in this group. The type of this genus is C. Gopro pihadeashelt: Key to species a 11 subsessile antennal segments; females b Subcosta uniting with the margin at the distal third c Length 2 mm; abdomen fuscous yellowish, unicolorus; fifth an- tennal segment subglobose, short haired..bryanti Felt, C. 706 cc Length 1 mm; abdomen fuscous yellowish, reddish basally; fifth antennal segment pyriform, rather slender, long haired.......... sylvestris sieli, Cearosm ccc Length 1.5 mm; abdomen reddish brown; antennal segments stout lana Felt, © 547 bb Subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal half c Fifth antennal segment cylindric, with a length three-fourths its diameter d Length 2 mm; eleventh antennal segment about the same length asthe ténth= fourth palpal seament slenders.. 2). 4.6: eee eee , brevicornis Felt, C. 725; 756, 882, 880, 1226 dd Length 2.5 mm; eleventh antennal segment nearly twice the length of- the tenth, strongly constricted near the middle; Leurth vpalpal segment swollen. apically 2. Jace ane see eee tim dalcn. spy, Caster cc Length 1 mm; fifth antennal segment cylindric, with a length one-fourth greater than its diameter..coprophila Felt, C. 890 ccc Length 2 mm; fifth antennal segment cylindric, with a length twice its diameter... ..... coloradensts. ne sp. C. 1386, 1387 aa 12 antennal segments, subsessile; females REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI2 195 b Length I mm; scutellum reddish brown; abdomen fuscous yellowish yers tool on Pelt, C. 617 bb Length 2 mm; scutellum dark brown; abdomen fuscous yellowish BmenLeata, no sp., C. 687 bbG Lensth 1.25. 1mm; scutellum and abddmen.dark (brown.......0..... ka siolenss elt, © S8r aaa 14 antennal segments, male b Fifth antennal segment with a stem three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement, length 1.25 mm; abdomen a variable SVE G 2 RRO RAND MOL eee QNDE Oo chitin eli lea hay CO pir o pint lan helt, C800 bb Fifth antennal segment with a stem one-fourth longer than the basal enlargement; length 1.5 mm; abdomen dark brown........ COMO ma Genes 1S "Me Spi. es Teco, 1457 Cordylomyia bryanti Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 313 (Campylomyza) This species was taken August 18, 1905, at Little River, New- foundland, by Mr Owen Bryant. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae scarcely extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly fine haired, dark brown; I1 segments, the fifth subglobose, subsessile; terminal segment produced, con- stricted at the distal third, subacute apically. Mesonotum dark reddish brown, the submedian lines sparsely clothed with fine hairs. Scutellum apparently yellowish brown. Abdomen a fuscous yel- lowish, sparsely clothed with very fine, yellowish hairs. Wings hyaline, costa reddish brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the distal third. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous brown apically. Legs a nearly uniform fuscous yellowish, the distal tarsal segments darker; claws long, stout, strongly curved, minutely denticulate, the pulvilli longer than the claws; ovipositor short, the terminal lobes triarticulate, the third segment narrowly oval. (See plate 11, heure 5.) Type Cecid 706: Cordylomyia sylvestris Felt toy, pete Bowe. New Ve States Must Bulb tro. p07) Separate, ‘p.. 1 (Campylomyza) 1908 —_—_—_—_ N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 313 (Campylomyza) This species was taken on the window of a woodland hut at Davidson-s Kiver, NC, September 23." T9060: Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, yellowish; 11 segments, the fifth pyri- form; the last segment compound. Palpi; the basal segment sub- pyriform; the second and third subequal, the fourth as long as the two preceding. Face fuscous. Mesonotum reddish brown, submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum lighter, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dull yellowish with the basal segment reddish, a 196 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the distal ones dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the apical third. MHalteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs fuscous yellowish, first tarsal segment longer than the following two, others successively shorter; claws heavy, strongly curved, finely serrate. Ovipositor moderately long, terminal lobes consisting of a subquadrate basal segment and an orbicular distal one. Type Cecid. a1620. Cordylomyia luna Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 313 (Campylomyza) This species was taken on a hotel window at Westfield, N. Y., July 11, 1906. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae very short, sparsely haired, dark brown, II segments; the fifth subsessile, subcylindric, with a length three-fourths its diameter; the eleventh segment con- stricted near the middle and with a broad, rounded process apicaily. Palpi; the first segment short, subglobose; the second narrowly lanceolate, the third a little stouter, subequal, the fourth nearly twice the length of the third, curved distally. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines lighter, sparsely haired. Scutellum and postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen a nearly uniform reddish brown, sparsely clothed with fine setae. Wangs hyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the margin near the middle. Halteres fuscous brown, legs a nearly uniform dark fuscous yellowish, the distal tarsal-segments dark brown; metatarstis more than twice the length of the following segment; claws stout, strongly curved, simple; the pulvilli longer than the claws. Ovipositor short, tri- articulate, the third segment nearly orbicular. Type Cecid. 547. Cordylomyia brevicornis Felt 1907 Felt, E.7P.- N.vY. State” Mus. Bul- 110, “pi G72 )sepatare,, ee (Campylomyza) 5a08 ——=——— NN. Y: State Mus. Buk 124, po 3545 (Campylomyza) This species appears to be a very common and widely distributed form, since it was taken in July and August 19c6 on a window at Nassau, N. Y., and appears to have been collected by H. G. Dyar at Kaslo, B. C. There are specimens in the National Museum from Jacksonville, Fla. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae one-fourth the length of the body, thickly haired, reddish brown; 11 segments, the fifth sub- cylindric, the length hardly equaling the diameter. Palpi; the first segment subglobular, second and third segments narrowly oval, subequal, fourth nearly twice the length of the third. Mesonotuin dark brown, submedian lines indistinct. _Scutellum and postscutel- lum dark reddish brown. Abdomen reddish brown, membrane and . REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 197 pleurae dark salmon, ovipositor dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa reddish brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal half; halteres pale reddish brown. Legs dark reddish brown, tarsi Fig. 58 Palpus of Cordylomyia brevi- cornis, enlarged. (Original) lighter, distal segments dark brown; claws moderate, strongly curved, minutely denticulate. Ovipositor moderately long, terminal lobes triarticulate. Type Cecid. 756. Cordylomyia tumida n. sp. This species was taken on a window at Albany, N. Y., June 25, 1907. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae not extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly haired, dark brown; 11 segments, the fifth subsessile, subglobose, with a length three-fourths its diameter ; terminal segment produced, slightly constricted near the middle, obtuse apically. Palpi; the first segment irregularly subglobose, second one-half longer than the first, much more slender, the third a little shorter and stouter than the second and the fourth fully twice as long as the third, strongly flattened and somewhat expanded distally. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum a little darker. Adbomen brown, the incisures and pleurae a variable orange or yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa light brown, subcosta uniting with the anterior margin near the basal half. MHalteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs fuscous yellowish, the tarsi variably tinted with car- mine; claws long, slender, strongly curved, finely denticulate, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Ovipositor short, triarticulate, the basal segment subquadrate, the second subtriangular, the third irregularly orbicular. Described from an alcoholic specimen. Type Cecid. 1216. Cordylomyia coprophila Felt 1co9 Felt, E. P. Ent. Soc. Ont. 39th Rep’t, p. 44 (MS) (Campylomyza) I91l1 ——————_ NN. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour., 19:35 This small species was reared from manure at Washington, D. C., January 28, 1882. _ Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae longer than the body, thickly haired, light brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem three-fourths the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length about three-fourths its diameter; a thick subbasal whorl 198 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of setae and on the apical half, 3 crenulate whorls, the distal 2 rudimentary ; apically an irregular group of stout, curved, chitinous spines ; terminal segment réduced, narrowly oval. Palpi: the first segment stout, with a length about twice its diameter, the second about three-fourths the length of the first, narrowly oval, the third a little longer and more slender and the fourth longer, strongly flattened, dilated. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum reddish brown. Abdomen a variable brown, the segments narrowly mar- gined posteriorly with dark brown. -Wings hyaline, costa light brown, subcosta joining costa near the basal half, the third vein just before the apex, the fourth just beyond the apex; the fifth unites with the posterior margin near the distal third, its branch at the basal third; crossvein at the distal third of subcosta. Legs fuscous yellowish: claws long, stout, strongly curved, simple, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Genitalia : basal clasp segment stout, obliquely truncate; terminal clasp segment stout, slightly swollen near the middle, very broadly rounded apically ; dorsal plate short, broad, broadly rounded. Harpes with an apical group of 5 or 6 short, stout, recurved spines. (Plate 13, figure 3.) Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae thickly haired, fuscous yel- lowish; 11 segments, the fifth subsessile, the enlargement cylindric, with a length one-fourth greater than its diameter; subbasal whorl sparse, the subapical band of setae short, scattering, covering the distal. half; terminal segment produced, slightly constricted near the middle, broadly rounded apically. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum fuscous yellowish, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen fuscous yellowish, dark brown distally. Legs light yellowish brown. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes probably triarticulate. Type Cecid. 890. Cordylomyia versicolor Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 314 (Campylomyza) This species was taken on tick trefoil, Desmodium grand- tilo £m, at Albany, N.Y. July 17, 1906. Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, fuscous basally; 11 seg- ments, the fifth pyriform; the last two segments fused, the distal one subfusiform. Palpi; the first segment stout, rather long, swollen distally, the second a little longer, more slender, the third fusiform; face dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum and ab- domen fuscous yellow, the latter dark brown apically, sparsely clothed with pale yellowish hairs. Wings hyaline, costa light brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal third; halteres yel- lowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs a nearly uniform straw brown; claws long, strongly curved, apparently with a short, stout tooth basally. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes with a stout hasal subquadrate portion and a distal narrowly oval lobe. Type Cecid.. 6¥7. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 199 Cordylomyia americana n. sp. This species was taken at Boulder, Col., October 15th by Prof. A Cockerell. Female. Length 2mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, at least 9, probably 12 segments, the fifth subsessile, subcylindric, with a length one- half greater than its diameter. Palpi; the first segment greatly swollen, broadly rounded, the second a little shorter than the first, narrowly oval, the third a little longer than the second and the fourth nearly twice the length of the third, rather strongly flattened. Mesonotum dark brown. Abdomen a fuscous yellowish green, darker distally. Wings hyaline, costa light brown, sub- costa uniting with the margin just before the middle. Legs a variable fuscous yellowish; claws long, slender, strongly curved, minutely denticulate, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobe short, stout, triangular, narrowly rounded distally. Type Cecid. 887. Cordylomyia kasloensis Felt 1¢08 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. p..314 (Campylomyza) This species was taken by Mr R. P. Currie June 11, presumably 1902;at. Kaslo,. Bu'C. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth abdominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown; I2 segments, the fifth pyriform, with a length three-fourths the diameter. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, greatly dilated apically, pyriform, the second one-half longer than the first, slender, the third a little longer and more slender than the second. Body a nearly uniform dark reddish brown. Wings hyaline, costa ‘dark brown, subcosta uniting with the anterior margin near the basal half. Legs fuscous yellowish, tarsi darker; claws long, slender, strongly curved, simple, pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor short, triarticulate, the basal segment irregularly ovoid, the second elongate, triangular, the third broadly oval. Type Cecid. 881. Cordylomyia coloradensis n. sp. This species was taken on a window in October 1g1o by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell at Boulder, Col. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem one- quarter longer than the pyriform enlargement, which latter has a length a little greater than its diameter; terminal segment conical, with a length twice its diameter, not fused with the preceding. Palpi; the third segment with a length about three times its width, the fourth one-half longer. Mesonotum, scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen a nearly uniform dark brown. Costa light brown, 200 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM subcosta uniting therewith at the basal half. Halteres yellowish transparent. Coxae dark brown; femora, tibiae and tarsi mostly fuscous yellowish, the distal tarsal segment darker; claws stout, strongly curved, notched subapically, the pulvilli nearly as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, obliquely truncate ;. terminal clasp segment long, broadly rounded, dorsal plate short, broadly emarginate, the lobes’ subtruncate. Harpes stout, bidentate. Female. Length 2mm. Antennae extending to the second ab- dominal segment, rather thickly haired, reddish brown; 11 segments, the fifth subsessile, with a length about twice its diameter; eleventh segment distinctly constricted beyond the middle, evidently com- posed of two, the distal portion being narrowly oval. Palpi; first segment greatly swollen, irregularly oval, the second with a length over twice its width, the third as long as the second, subtruncate distally, the fourth one-half longer than the second. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum concolorous. Abdomen sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish, the ovipositor slightly fuscous. Costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish transparent, slightly fuscous apically. Coxae dark brown; femora and tibiae fuscous straw, the second, third and fourth tarsal segments lighter, the fifth reddish brown, the eighth abdominal segment ventrally with a pair of submedian, subglobose bodies. Ovipositor short, triarticulate, the third segment orbicular. Type Cecid. 1386, 1387. Corinthomyia Felt Lory Belt, “Ei Pe NN. Bat. Soc leur mess This group represents a form of specialization most easily recog- nized by the series of subequal whorls of stout, curved setae on the subsessile, flagellate segments, differing very greatly from the typi- cal crenulate whorls so commonly present in Campylomyzine males. The venation is typical of Campylomyza. The pulvilli are as long as the claws. Males only are known. The type species is Campy - loOiiy 2A ir sit ave en. Key to species a Fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter b Length 1.25 mm; abdomen reddish brown; 6 short, stout whorls hit sata “elt, C720 bb Length 1.5 mm; abdomen reddish brown, 4 to 5 short, stout whorls | gravels, Felt, C1406 bbb Length 2 mm; abdomen reddish brown; 7 short, stout whorls..... cide rina. 1sp.€. ae aa Fifth antennal segment with a length three-fourths greater than its diameter b Length 1 mm; abdomen dark brown; 5 short, stout whorls....... currei Felt, C. 881a REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 201 Corinthomyia hirsuta Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 315 (Campylomyza) This species was taken on an office window at Albany, N. Y., August I, 1906. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae shorter than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, 14 segments; the fifth with a stem one-fourth the length of the subglobose enlargement, subbasal whorl thick, 6 nearly equidistant whorls of stout, strongly curved setae; terminal segment reduced, pyriform. Palpi; the first segment subglobose with a conspicuous sense organ sub- basally, the second a little longer, sub- rectangular, the third somewhat longer, slender at the base, the fourth Fj ee ate one-half longer than the _ third. ee P fae hades is Mesonotum dark brown, submedian ‘S°8™™ | °. ne PA lines indistinct. Scutellum and post- ™*:® ey ae RU saw scutellum dark reddish brown. Abdo- 60784) men dark brown. Wiaings hyaline, costa light brown, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal half. Halteres pale yellowish basally, fuscous apically; legs mostly a uniform light brown; claws long, slender, strongly curved; pulvilli a little longer. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment short, stout, obliquely truncate; terminal clasp segment strongly constricted at the base, greatly enlarged and broadly oval distally. Dorsal plate apparently very long, broad, broadly and irregularly rounded. Type Cecid. 720. Corinthomyia gracilis Felt igi? pet. Py, Px No ¥. Ents Soc. Sour.’ 2071024 This species was taken at Hazelton, Pa., May 18, 1910 by Dr We Getz, Type-Cecid: -1405., ; Corinthomyia gracilis Felt This species was taken on an office window at Albany, N. Y., July 5, 1907. , Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth subsessile, with a stem one-fifth the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half greater than the diameter; seven, equidistant, thickly set, crenulate whorls; terminal segment pro- longed, with a length fully twice its diameter. Palpi; the first seg- ment short, stout, broadly oval, with a distinct sense organ internally, the second more slender, one-half longer, the third a little longer than the second and the fourth one-half longer than the third, 202 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM dilated apically; face thickly clothed with grayish setae. Mesono- tum dark brown, shining. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen brownish yellow, genitalia fuscous. Wings hyaline, costa light brown; subcosta uniting with the ante- rior margin near the basal half. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs a fuscous straw; claws rather long, slender, strongly curved, the concavity finely denticulate, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout, obliquely trun- cate; terminal clasp segment short, stout, greatly swollen near the distal fourth, obtusely rounded apically. Type Cecid. 1220. Corinthomyia currei Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 315 (Campylomyza) This species, studied through the courtesy of the United States National Museum, was taken at Kaslo, B. C., by Mr R. P. Currie. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth ab- dominal segment, thickly haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a smooth stem one-fourth the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length three-quarters greater than its diameter, 5 crenulate whorls; terminal segment slightly pro- duced, narrowly rounded apically. Palpi; the first segment nar- rowly oval, the second stout, one-half longer, the third about as long as the second, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third, somewhat dilated. Body a nearly uniform dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa reddish brown, subcosta uniting with the anterior margin at the basal half. Legs fuscous yellowish; claws long, slender, strongly curved, finely denticulate, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout, obliquely truncate; terminal clasp segment with a short, narrow neck, greatly swollen apically, the inner face flattened, greatly dilated and pro- duced basally to form a distinct angle; dorsal plate long, extremely broad, the posterior margin produced mesially. (Plate 13, figure 2.) Type Cecid. 881a. HETEROPEZINAE This subfamily comprises a number of exceedingly peculiar forms, some of them most remarkable on account of the great degree of specialization by reduction. Members of this heteromorphic group may be separated from the Itonididinae by the absence of cir- cumfili, and from the Lestremiinae by the great reduction in vena- tion, there being at most, four (rarely over three) long veins. The metatarsus may be longer than the following segment, while the number of tarsal segments may be reduced to two. Certain species have quinquearticulate tarsi and the wing membrane thickly clothed with rather broad, striate scales. Others have the wing membrane hyaline and clothed with short, erect hairs, quite distinct from the REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 203 long, appressed ones found in the Itonididinae. The ocelli are want- ing. The Heteropezinae, like the Lestremiinae, appear to depend to a considerable extent upon the olfactory organs. Nothing was known concerning the life history of our American species till the writer studied several forms. Miastor ameri- cana Felt was reared from under bark, in an incipient stage of Y Fig. 60 Miastor americana, side view, en- larged. (Original) decay from a variety of trees and proves to be rather common and widely distributed in New York State. The larvae of Oligarces ulmi Felt were found abundantly under the decaying bark of elm and numerous midges were reared. Leptosyna quercivora Felt was reared from partially rotten bark of red oak. Epimyia carolina- Felt was taken in a woodland hut where there was an abundance of decaying vegetable matter in the vicinity. Two species of Brachyneura have been reared under conditions which 204 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM lead us to believe that they may live in galls (possibly as inquilines ). The larvae of certain species are extremely interesting biologically, since they reproduce by pedogenesis and are, moreover, very amen- able to laboratory conditions. Key to genera a Metatarsus longer than the second segment b Tarsi quadriarticulate c Three long veins ad Palpr qiadrarticulate (ambet) 35.20.00. ee Meunieria Kieff.’ ad. Palo triankioulates) 244 une eee ee nee Palaeospaniocera Meun. ddd Palp. sbiarhedlate tee see eee eae Miastor Mein. cc One long vein, wings very narrow........... Neostenoptera Meun. bb Tarsi triarticulate, 2 long veins ¢ Antennal segments evlimdne. yom eee ee Heteropeza Winn.” cc Antennal segments: globose (amber)......... Monodicrana H. Lw.* aa Metatarsus shorter than the 2d segment b Tarsi quinquearticulate c Wing membrane finely haired d Third vein extending to the apex of the wing 6 Palpin Diarticulates he ste, eee Soe a ee Frirenia Kieff. j- Bist viemutorked. 227026 bat ome ae Haplusia Karsch OE iathy Vemess tap Che, Bs 20s. ee ce ee Johnsonomyia Fe:t* ee Palpi triarticulate, wings acuminate.......... Meinertomyia Felt eee Palpi uniarticulate, wings acute apically........... Leptosyna Kieff. dd Third vein not extending to the apex of the wing 2 Palpu biartioulate.. sees tie cana os tae ee Frirenia Kieff. ey Palpr tiiariiculated ha. ene ae oo ee eee Epimyia Felt cc Wing membrane scaled d Fifth vein forked, palpi quadriarticulate (amber)............. Ledomyiella Meun. dd Fifth vein simple e Four simple long veins, palpi biarticulate, antennal segments Stetimed sim wihe > fetltale a. ee a. ae es Pte Kronomyia Felt eé Three simple long veins, -palpt triarticalate......)... 4. os eee Brachyneura Rond. (Spaniocera Winn.) bb" Parsi abies Ghicwlates, Cys se ko ae hela wala a Ate aie renee Oligarces Mein. * Location provisional. *Messrs Kunstler and Chaine in Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances et Mémoires de la Sociéte de Biologie, 1902, v. 54, p. 535, give the characters of a form reared from bananas as follows: Tarsi biarticu- late, the first segment longer than the second; wings with two or three long veins, the two first branched; palpi quadriarticulate. It was referred to the Heteropezinae, though no name was proposed and is presumably related to Heteropeza Winn. and Monodicrana H. Lw. * The Australian Necrophlebia Skuse and Chastomera Skuse are appar- ently closely related to this American genus and are provisionally associated therewith. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9I2 205 Meunieria Kieff. rose hdekrer ojo Jo Soc, Sci.) Drive 2am. swe 28; pt 2, separate; p: 42 Fore Helt. Bay Py N.Y; Ent. Soc) Jour. 19:26 This genus was erected by Kieffer for a species from amber designated by Meunier as Miastor du succin. It is separated from Miastor by the quadriarticulate palpi. No American forms are known. Palaeospaniocera Meun. root Meunier, Fernand:* Soc. ‘Sci. Brux. Ann., pt. 2, 25:101-92 1904 —————— Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann., 28, pt. 2, separate, p. 37 foun Welt) Bowe. No Y. ‘Eat, Socrjour.. 19230 This genus was erected for an amber species, characterized by having 3 simple long veins, the tarsi quadriarticulate, the metatar- sus being more than twice the length of the second segment, which latter is longer than the third and fourth combined. The antennae are composed of 13 cylindric segments, the thirteenth being plainly produced. The body is elongate, ovoid, the thorax slightly gibbous ; palpi apparently composed of only 3 segments and the one lobe of the ovipositor plainly evident. Miastor Mein. 1864 Meinert, F. R. Naturhist. Tidsskr., ser. 3, III, 42 1870 Winnertz, Joh. Vehr. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 20:5 1876 Bergenstamm, J. E. & Low, Paul. Syn. Cecidomyidarum, p. 24 1877 Karsch, F. A. F. Revis. der Gallmucken, p. 15 1888: Skuse, F. A. A.-Linn. ‘Soc. -N. S. (Original) HO mea we ta greatly enlarged. (Orig- Cana, greatly inal) enlarged. (Ori- ginal) Fig. 64. Wing of Miastor americana, greatly en- larged. (Original) Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the thorax, sparsely haired, yellowish or yellowish red; 11 segments, the fifth narrowly oval, with a length one-third greater than its diameter, a sparse whorl of stout setae near the middle and sub- apically a whorl of several*irregular, narrowly triangular processes extending about to the basal fourth of the following segment; terminal segment oval, with a length one-third greater than its diameter. Palpi; first segment subquadrate, second segment oval, both sparsely setose. The vertex and eyes fuscous. Mesonotum yellowish brown. Scutellum brownish red, postscutellum reddish orange. Abdomen deep red; genitalia fuscous. Wings hyaline, costa yellowish basally, the distal half reddish; the feeble subcosta uniting with costa at the basal third, the third vein obsolescent 208 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM distally, joining the margin at the apex of the wing; fifth vein sim- ple, obsolete distally. Coxae, femora and tibiae fuscous yellowish, the tarsi tinged with red; claws rather long, evenly curved, simple, the pulvilli about half the length of the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout, obliquely truncate apically; terminal clasp segment short, stout, swollen subapically and with a heavy, chitinous spur at the internal distal angle; dorsal plate apparently short, triangularly emarginate, the lobes broadly rounded and sparsely setose; ventral plate apparently moderately long, stout, broadly rounded and sparsely setose apically; style short, stout, narrowly rounded distally. Life history. Reproduction by pedogenesis occurs in the fall and early spring, and under certain conditions apparently throughout warm weather, though adults are usually produced from the latter part of May to August. Under favorable conditions it appears probable that pedogenesis may continue indefinitely. A larval gen- eration occupies about 3 to 314 weeks, much depending upon moist- ure, food and temperature. The transformations to the adult are preceded by the development of a distinct breastbone, this usually occurring in early May. The change is soon followed by the ap- pearance of the prepupa, characterized by a marked swelling and transparent condition of the anterior body segments of the larva, and in 2 or 3 days by the development of the pupa, a stage lasting about 6 days. The small midges appear in immense numbers during the late morning hours, namely from about 9 a. m. until noon, swarming over the sides of the jar and behaving much like minute ants. There is comparatively little tendency to take wing. The de- velopment of adults may continue for several days and the midges may appear in smaller numbers for a period of several weeks. The large eggs, well formed in the abdomen of recently transformed females, are presumably deposited shortly and another succession of larval generations begun. Natural enemies. Miastor is commonly preyed upon by the pink- ish larvae of Lestodiplosis, and it is probable that ltonida pug- ionis Felt has similar habits. The larger predaceous maggots of Lonchaea polita Loew and a species of Medetrus were commonly found in the vicinity of Miastor colonies and were not infrequently the only available evidence of the earlier presence of midge larvae. Pseudotephritis vau Say was repeatedly reared from bark infested by Miastor larvae. In some instances the Pseudotephritis larvae occurred in clusters. These larvae may be predaceous enemies of the smaller Muastors. -REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 209 Neostenoptera Meun. 1901 Meunier, Fernand. Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann., pt. 2, 25:201 (Stenoptera) 1904. ——————— Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann. 28, pt. 2, separate, p. 5 iGim Pelt. N. Y.. Ent: Socs jour; 19:36 This genus was erected for a remarkable-form found in copal from Africa. It is easily recognized by the extremely narrow, long- fringed wings having but one long vein, which latter unites with the anterior margin near the basal finde) the tarsi are: quadrartic- ulate, the metatarsus being nearly as long as the 3 following seg- ments. The head is small, dis- tinct, the palpi invisible. The an- tennae are apparently composed of I2 segments, the flagellate ones having an elongate, oval, basal enlargement ornamented near the middle with a closely set whorl of long, stout setae apparently re- sembling those of Johnsonomyia Felt. The stem of the fifth anten- nal segment is as long as the basal enlargement. Halteres very Mae fype Stenopteraikie fie¢e151 Meun. Fig. 65 Wing of Neoste- Mop be rar kiveh) Cf 1 alter Meunier Heteropeza Winn. foo Winnertz,. J. Stett. Ent. Zeit., 7:13-14 1870 ——————. Vehr. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 20:4 1876 Bergenstamm, J. E., & Low, Paul. Syn. Cecidomyidarum, p. 24 1877 Karsch, F. A. F. Revis. der Gallmucken, p. 16 isco suuse, B. A. Aj Linn: See N. S< Wales” Proc. 3557 1892 Rubsaamen, E. H. Berl. Ent. Zeit., 37:401 1604 Kreffer, J. J. Wien Ent. Zeit. 13:202 1898 ——————. Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 54 I900 ——————. Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., €9:444 1904 Meunier, F. Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann., 28:9 int Pelt, BevP. ANY. RatvSoc, Jott, 16°36 I9QI1I —————_—- NN Y.. State Mus. Bul. 147, p. 84 This genus may be recognized by the 2 simple long veins of the wings terminating at the basal third of the anterior and posterior margins respectively (the wing tip is narrowly rounded, hardly acute) ; the 3 tarsal segments, the first being the longest, and the 4 palpal segments. Antennal segments in the female 10, sessile, cy- lindric, and with a length three-fourths the diameter, thickly haired; in the male 11, stemmed; ocelli absent. Ovipositor one-fourth the length of the abdomen, somewhat thickened, the lobes slender, se- tose. Type H. pygmaea Winn. Only two species are known, the European H. pygmaea having been reared from the bark of rotting trees, and tramsimarina. Schin.recotded as bred: from. small excres- cences on the leaves of Callistemon. 210 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Monodicrana H. Lw. 1850 Loew, H. Dipt. Beitr., 4:11-12 1900 Kieffer, J. J. Ent. Soc. Fr. Ann., 69:444 1904 Meunier, Fernand. Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann., 28, separate, p. 9, 33 1g@it Pett, Ho PP. NN: ¥. Ent. Soc. Jour., 19:36 This amber species has been doubtfully referred to the Iton- ididae, apparently being most closely allied to MHeteropeza. Kieffer states that this species has a length of 1.1 mm, the borders of the wings being ciliate and the membrane not hairy; that the moniliform antennae have the funicle composed of 8 globose seg- ments and an oval terminal segment. The tarsi are quadriarticu- late. The type is M. terminalis H. Lw. Haplusia Karsch 1877 Karsch, F. A. F. Revis. de Gallmucken, p. 15 1892 Rubsaamen, E. H. Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 37:328, 368-69 1896 Kieffer, J. J. Wien. Ent. Zeit., 15:91 Igco ——————- Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., 69:448 1911 Felt, EB P. NYO Ent Soc’ jour. ‘14-37 I9gI11 —————— N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 147, p. 84 This genus was erected for a unique female having at least II and possibly 14 antennal segments, the fifth with a stem three- fourths the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length three times its diameter and has a short, rather thick basal, and a thick extended distal whorl of long, curved setae; circumfili absent. The palpi are quadriarticulate. The wings have 3 long veins; subcosta with a rudimentary vein at the basal fourth somewhat as in Diallactes. A rudimentary crossvein appears to unite its distal third to the third vein, the latter joining the wing margin probably well beyond the apex. The fifth unites with the margin at the distal third, its branch apparently at the basal half. The fork is therefore very short. The first tarsal segment is short, while the fifth tapers to the small, simple claws with rudimentary pulvilli. The ovipositor is rather short, triarticulate, the terminal segment slender, tapering and sparsely setose. The above characters are drafted from the type species, H. plumipes Karsch, now in the Berlin Museum of Natural Hist- ory and very nicely mounted in balsam, thanks to the skill of Pro- fessor Rubsaamen. We agree with him in referring this form to the Heteropezinae. Tetradiplosis Kieff. & Jorg. to1o Kieffer, J. J. & Jérgensen, P. Centrbl. Bakt. Parsit. Insektk., 27 :421—23 ror Pelt, BoP. 2 Ni. Ent. Sec: Jour:, 10:37 This Argentine genus is tentatively referred to the Heteropezinae because of the total absence of circumfili. It appears to be allied REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 211 to the South American Haplusia Karsch from which it is easily separated by the unidentate claws. Antennae with 14 segments, the cylindric fifth with a length about twice its diameter and a stem not longer than wide. Palpi quadriarticulate, the segments short. Wings long ; the supernumer- ary vein extends beyond the middle of subcosta, which latter unites with costa at the middle of the wing. There appears to be a distinct crossvein, the third vein joining the margin beyond the apex of the wing. Tarsi quinquearticulate; claws fuscous, toothed, the two portions nearly equal and strongly bent; pulvilli wanting. Ovipositor not produced, with 2 gradually tapering lamellae, each about three times as long as broad. The larva is remarkable because of the 6 small, triangular teeth internally on the diverging subtriangular major lobes of the breastbone; shaft well developed. Reared from iccet all Ol ghahiO'S © pis ail prawarGo.. 1 l ype I iis.e x dent - atus Kieff. & Jorg. Johnsonomyia Felt Hoe etiw rae. pN YY. Stake Mus. “Bul. 1245 p: 417 I9Il ——————. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour., 19:37 IQII —————— N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 147, p. 84 This genus was erected for several small forms apparently allied to Colpodia Winn. A closer study of the species, however, shows that circumfili are absent and compels us to refer this genus to the Heteropezinae. The short first tarsal segment, the antennal and alar structures indicate a relationship to Haplusia Karsch, from which it is easily separated by the simple fifth vein. This is a re- markable synthetic form, since the arrangement of the long setae on the antennal segments closely approximate that of the peculiar crenulate whorls in Campylomyza, while the venation alone would lead one to refer it at once to the Epidosariae. Type J. rubra Felt. . This genus appears to be related to the Australian Chastomera Skuse, though the latter 1s remarkable because of the third vein being widely distant from subcosta. Key to species a Abdomen reddish brown, length 4 mm, the fifth antennal segment with a stem one-half longer than the basal enlargement........... ru baa. Pelt, C9826 aa Abdomen dark brown and yellowish, length 4 mm, the fifth antenna: segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement............ P U-sic-diy belt OC, 91237 aaa Abdomen reddish yellow, wings indistinctly banded, length 5 mm, the fifth antennal segment with a length three-fourths the basal enlarge- TELSTRA 2 Che Oa ae ns ZN Eaton tn” ica Wee Un TB tae ein eta» Pelt ZZ NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Johnsonomyia rubra Felt t908 Felt, E. P. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 417 This interesting form and type of the genus was taken at Mont- pelier, Vt., June 26, 1906 by Prof. C. W. Johnson. Male. Length 4mm. Antennae as long as the body, thickly long haired, dark brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem one-half longer than the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length twice its diameter, a subbasal whorl of short, stout, slightly curved setae, near the basal third a ‘thick whorl of closely set, long, strongly curved setae arising from conspicuous tubercles ; subapically there is a scat- tering whorl of similar long setae; terminal segment with the basal por- tion slightly produced, the stem much reduced, rudimentary. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, subquadrate, the second fully twice the length of the first, expanding distally, the third a little stouter, about as long as the sec- ond, the fourth shorter and more slender than the third, the fifth nearly twice the length of the fourth, all sparsely clothed with coarse setae; face fuscous yellowish, eyes rather large, black. Mesonotum dark red- Fig. 66 Fifth antennal seg- dish brown. Scutellum fuscous yel- ment of Johnsonomyia_ lowish, postscutellum a little darker. rubra, enlarged. (Original) Abdomen rather thickly clothed with yellowish hairs, reddish brown. Gent- talia fuscous yellowish. Wings hydline, costa reddish brown. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs a fuscous yel- lowish, the distal three tarsal segments yellowish white; claws probably simple. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout, slightly rounded externally, somewhat excavated internally, nearly truncate distally ; terminal clasp segment very short, stout, greatly © swollen basally and tapering distally to a conspicuous, prolonged, denticulate, chitinous process. (See plate 11, figure 6.) Type Cecid. 826. Johnsonomyia fusca Felt 1608 Felt, Eo. PS IN: Y State Mus, Bul.) 124) p> 227 This species was taken at Albany, N. Y., August 9, 1907. Male. Length 4 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the suboval basal enlargement, which latter has a length about twice its diameter, with a conspicuous whorl of long, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 213 stout setae near the middle and numerous setae of variable length clothing the face of the enlargement; terminal segment produced, with a length about five times its diameter and at the distal fourth Fig. 67 Portion of male genitalia of Johnsonomyia rubra, enlarged. (Original) a distinct constriction. Palpi; first segment stout, incrassate, with a length three times its diameter, the second as long as the first, rectangular, the third a little shorter than the second, the fourth slender, with a length more than twice the third. Mesonotum shin- ing brown, the submedian lines rather thickly haired. Scutellum dark brown, postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen a variable dark brown and yellowish brown, the dorsum of the first segment and that of the fourth to eighth fuscous yellowish; genitalia fus- cous. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, venation practically as in J. rubra, though the wing is markedly smaller. Halteres yel- lowish, fuscous subapically ; pleurae and coxae a variable fuscous yellowish; femora, tibiae and the 2 basal tarsal segments a dark fuscous yellowish, almost black, the tip of the second tarsal seg- ment, the third and fourth*white, the fifth yellow tinted apically ; claws rather long, stout, slightly curved, simple, pulvilli rudimen- tary. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout; terminal clasp segment very short, greatly swollen and with a long, chitinous fOeth apically (Mmikdte in, Meure 7.) hype tGecid. 41237. Johnsonomyia cincta Felt rorz Pelt) BPN vey bnt) se0c. Jour. 26° To? A ‘large, strikingly colored midge taken on the Polochic river, Guatemala, February 22, 1912, by Messrs Barber and Schwarz. Chastomera Skuse 1888 Skuse, F. A. A. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales Proc., 3:112 1892 Rubsaamen, E. H. Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 37 :333 1900 Kieffer, J. J. Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., 69:448 © ienrPelt,” BE. Py) NY. ub Sacs: foun, 19797 214 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM This Australian genus was erected for the reception of a female having 16 stemmed antennal segments and 4 palpal segments. Like Haplusia, the third vein unites with the margin well beyond the apex and is joined to subcosta by a long distinct crossvein; the fifth vein is simple, uniting with the posterior margin near the basal half. The type species, C. bella Skuse, is characterized as having almost pyriform flagellar segments, the stem being nearly as long as the basal enlargement, the latter with numerous whorls of hairs, the basal whorl much longer than the rest. Necrophlebia Skuse 1888 Skuse; F. A. Ay -iainns Sde N.S... Wales? Proc: S.4, 3: nuke pies fig. 10 1892 Rubsaamen, E. H. Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 37:332 (quotes. Skuse) 1900 Kieffer, J. J. Ent. Soc. Fr. Ann., 69:449 (quotes Skuse) 191r Felt, He PrN. VY. Pat. Sock jours 196337 The female of this Australian genus has the antennae about half the length of the body. There are 14 segments, each with a stem one-half the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter has 2 sparse whorls of hairs. Palpi quadriarticulate. The illustration shows the wing to be rather broad, subcosta uniting with costa well before the basal half, a distinct, somewhat oblique crossvein, the third a little beyond the apex, while the simple fifth joins the posterior margin near the basal half. This genus appears to be closely related to Johnsonomyia Felt. The 2 genera agree in major characters and it is possible that further study may prove our American forms cogeneric with this Australian species. Type Na volitans Skuse : Meinertomyia Felt 1870 Meinert, F. R. Naturhist. Tidsskr., ser. 3., 6:463 (Pero) 1876 Bergenstamm, J. E. & Low, Paul. Syn. Cecidomyidarum, p, 24 (Pero) 1877 Karsch, F. A. F. Revis. der Gallmucken, p. 15 (Pero) 1892 Rubsaamen,.E. H. Berl. Ent. Zeit., 37:328, 369 (Pero) 1604 Kiefer J. J. Wiens Eat) Zeit. 13-200, (Ceero) 1898 ——————— Synop. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 54 (Pero) 1900 —————_——- Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., 69:448 (Pero) ior Pelt aye.) WNo Nee wt Sec Jour. .10-37" 1911 —_————_ N.. Y.. State Mus. Bul. 147, p. 85 This genus may be recognized by the 3 long veins and the finely haired membrane of the acuminate wings, in connection with the 5 tarsal segments, the metatarsus being shorter than the preceding. It is separated from Leptosyna Kieff. by the triarticulate palpi. Pero Mein. is preoccupied by Pero H. Schf. Type and sole species Pero fasciata Mein,, the larvae of which occur under the bark of hornbeam and reproduce by pedo- genesis. European. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 eM | qn Leptosyna Kieff. 1894 Kieffer, J. J. Wien. Ent. Zeit., 13:201, 209-11 IGLE cPeltebe..P. WW.) Y¥. Bunt: Sook Jour., 16:37 I9QIl1 ——————_ NN. Y.. State Mus. Bul. 147, p. 85 This genus has 3 simple long veins, the third attaining the tip of the wing, the wing membrane finely haired, tarsi, quinquearticulate, the metatarsus shorter than the second segment. It may be sepa- rated from Meinertomyia Felt by the uniarticulate palpi. Antennal Seoments im the female «2: i the male 13: Type L. .acuti- pe noms Kiet. Leptosyna quercivora Felt ijn, helt; EP. Keon: Ent) Jour; 42546 . quercus) IQI2 N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 155, p. 123 (new name) igre Kaethers Jy J.;..Marcelliay 11.:235. 1.) quercicola) Bis 68 Wine, or Leptosyna -querci-= vora, enlarged. (Original) This slender, yellowish midge was reared April 20, 1911 from Patuially retten, bark ‘of red.oak,"Quercus:.rubra, collected at Nassau, N. Y., the preceding fall on account of its being infested Fig. 69 Seventh and distal two antennal segments of Leptosyna quercivora, enlarged. (Original) . 216 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM with yellowish Sciara larvae. The larva of this midge was not seen. This species is closely allied to L. americana from which it is most easily separated by the relatively longer twelfth and thirteenth antennal segments, these latter having a length two and one-half times the diameter, the distal being knobbed. See the above citation for a description of the male. Leptosyna americana n. sp. The specimen referred to this genus was captured in a trap lan- tern at Nassau, N. Y., May 27, 1908. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae extending to the second ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish; 13 segments, the first somewhat produced, obconic, the second short, subglobose, the third and fourth distinct, the fifth with a stem as long as the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length one- half greater than its diameter and is adorned subapically with a thick whorl of long, stout setae, the twelfth and thirteenth segments are rather closely fused, the latter truncate apically. Palpi apparently uniarticulate. Mesonotum dark reddish brown. Scutellum, post- scutellum and abdomen fuscous yellowish or yellowish orange. Wings hyaline, subcosta uniting with costa at the basal third, the third vein at the apex and the simple fifth at the distal third. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs light fuscous yellowish; tarsi slightly darker, presumably five-segmented. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, truncate; terminal clasp segment stout, strongly curved, apically with a heavy, recurved, process; dorsal plate long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes roundly trun- cate; ventral plate long, nearly divided, the lobes long, slender, tapering, narrowly rounded. (Plate 13, figure 5.) Type Cecid. erie ; Frirenia Kieff. 1894 Kieffer, J. J. Wien. Ent. Zeit., 13:204, 206-9 1904 Meunier, F. Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann., 28:9 Lorrabelt, BorPs: Ne VY. ents Soc. Jour. 19337 1911 ——————- N.. Y.. State Mus. Bul. 147, p. 85 Members of this genus may be recognized by the 3 simple long veins, the third disappearing before the tip of the wing, the mem- brane sparsely clothed with fine hairs, and the 5 tarsal segments, the first being shorter than the second, in connection with the biartic- ulate palpi. Antennal segments 13, subcylindric and with short stems in both sexes. Male genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, subtriangular; terminal clasp segment rather long, stout, with a distinct, chitinous process at the internal distal angle; dorsal plate short, broad, deeply and roundly emarginate, the lobes roundly tri- angular; ventral plate rather long, broad, truncate apically ; oviposi- tor short, the lobes consisting of three subequal segments. Type F. tenella Kieff. No American species are known. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 217 Epimyia Felt im Bee EP. N.Y: Ent. See eur, 10:35 I9gI1I —————— NN. Y.. State Mus. Bul. 147, p. 85 This genus is erected for a remarkable species evidently somewhat allied to Frirenia Kieff. The third vein unites with the anterior margin near the distal fourth, while the simple fifth joins the pos- terior margin at the basal half. Palpi triarticulate, the claws simple 2S Tae fy Pi anp 1 EERE (ee E Net Set 4 oD ‘ es, ve Hie, “7e) oFitth antennal segment fig, 77 Pateiten eee a ea a ro li 4 ao ee olina, enlarged. (Original) larged. (Origi- nal) and the genitalia of the male remarkably complex. The abundant vestiture and neuration of the wing indicate a relationship to Brachyneura Rond. though the absence of the characteristic scales on the membrane and the peculiar genitalia show that it has little im. couimen wih Brachyneuta vitis Felt. The female is unknown. Type and sole species Epimyia carolina Felt. Epimyia carolina Felt four Pett. EPO N.Y Pat. Soc, Jour: 10:38 The single specimen known was taken on the window of a wood- land hut at Davidson’s River, N. C., September 23, 1906. Ledomyiella Meun. 1904 Meunier, Fernand. Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann., v. 28, pt. 2, p. 33 Fort. ae, EP (NOY) Bat. Soe Jotr. 19348 This genus appears to be a rather common form in amber. It may be separated from Brachyneura Rond. by the metatarsus being shorter than the second segment and by the fork of the fifth long 218 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM vein. Tarsal segments five. Antennal segments 14, cylindric, ses- sile in the female, stemmed in the male; palpi quadriarticulate, the venation about as in Brachyneura aside from the forked fifth vein noted above. Type L.succini Meun. No American species are known. : Fig. 72 Male genitalia of Epimyia caro- lina, enlarged. (Original) Kronomyia Felt 19g1t Felt, E. P. Econ. Ent. Jour., 4:476 The unique form noticed below is evidently allied to Brachy- neura Rond., though readily separated therefrom by the 4 long veins, the fifth and sixth being simple, and the totally different an- Fig 74 Claw of Kronomyia populi, en- larged. (Original) Fig. 73 a Palpus; b distal anternal segment of Kronomyia populi, enlarged. (Original) tennal structure. The antennae in the female of this species have but 12 segments, the apical evidently composed of 2 closely fused REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 219 reduced segments, the other flagellate ones with a short stem and a short, stout basal enlargement ornamented with a basal whorl of long, stout setae and a thick band of short, curved setae. The biarticulate palpi with the greatly produced, capitate terminal seg- ment and the peculiar ovipositor, all serve to differentiate this species from allied genera. Type K. populi n. sp. Kronomyia populi Felt 19o1I Felt, E. P. Econ. Ent. Jour., 4:476-77 This peculiar form was reared May 5, I911 from a whitish larva found in punky poplar wood at Nassau, N. Y., April 12, 1911. Only one larva was observed and this presented the general appearance of a small Oligarces larva just after it had escaped from the mother larva in early spring. See the above citation for a description of the female; also plate 13, figure 6. Fig. 75 Fifth antennal segment of Kronomyia populi, enlarged. (Original) Brachyneura Rond. 1846 Rondani, Camillo. Nouvi Ann. Sc. Nat. Bolog., ser. 2, VI; sepa- rate, p. 13 1853 Winnertz, J. Linn. Ent., 8:190 (Spaniocera) 1862 Osten Sacken, C. R. Dipt. N. Am., 1:175 1876 Bergenstamm, J. E., & Low, Paul. Syn. Cecidomyidarum, -p. 24 1877 Karsch, A. F. A. Revis. der Gallmucken, p. 15 1888 Skuse, F. A. A. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales Proc., 3:42, 146 1892 Rubsaamen, E. H. Berl. Ent. Zeit., 37 :401-?366? 1894 Kieffer, J. J. Wien. Ent. Zeit., 13:201 1898 —————— Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 55 1900 —————— Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., 69:439, 447 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 316, 317 ions Vel. BP. WON. Ent Soc. Jou, mas Ig11 —————— N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 147, p. 85 220 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Members of this genus are easily recognized by their general re- semblance to Lasioptera in connection with the densely scaled, usually fuscous wing membrane. The two are readily separated by the fact that the antennal segments in Brachyneura are much longer than in Lasioptera and, moreover, never possess the char- acteristic circumfili almost invariably found in the Itonididinae. The antennae are composed of 12 segments. There are 3 simple long veins. The tarsi are quingearticulate, Dype Bi 4 isc oe grisea: ond: | Two American species of this genus have been reared, one B. eupatorii was bred presumably from an oval swelling on thoroughwort, Eupatoritm: pert oliatu a, eihe jornen species, B. vitis, was reared from a jar containing the familiar Lasioptera witis gallon grape, Vitis sp. and presumapiy came from this plant. Key to species a Fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter; scutellum yellowish ' b Antennae with 11 segments, femora and tibiae dark brown. Bred ? {rom “I asitom per aA. vVoltd si eal here vitis Felt, C..ar165d bb Antennae with 12 segments; femora and tibiae silvery grey. Bred from thorouehwort,, Lip aneo Gt tam) pled ft Ot tra tte ee eupatortit PelivG.saracs aa Fifth antennal segment with a length three times its diameter, scutellum black, legs uniform fuscous or black,.americana Felt, C. 734 Brachyneura vitis Felt T1906 Pelt, H. Po Ni YoeState Mus.) Bull 1247 .p..3 17 1909 ———_———_ Ent. Soc. Ont. 39th Rep’t, p. 44 This species was reared July 13, 1907 from a jar containing the familiar “LLasioptera v itis ealls “on erape, Wits. sae and presumably came from this plant. Male. Length .5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 11 segments, fifth subcylindric, with a stem one-fourth the basal enlargement, which latter has a length about twice its diameter, and is thickly clothed with short, narrow, appressed scales ; terminal segment produced, tapering to a narrowly rounded apex. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, subquadrate, the second and third apparently stout, each with a length about three times its diameter. Mesonotum black. Scutellum, postscutel- lum and basal abdominal segment apparently fuscous yellowish, the ~ remainder of the abdomen dark brown, sparsely haired. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown; membrane thickly clothed with fine hairs. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs a variable dark brown; claws unidentate, pulvilli shorter than the claws. Genitalia ; REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQIi2 221 basal clasp segment long, slender, roundly truncate; terminal clasp segment short, swollen basally; dorsal plate long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate; ventral plate long, narrow, deeply and broadly emarginate; style stout, nearly uniform. Type Cecid. al165d. Fig 76 Fifth antennal = seg- ment of Beorrarch y= neupaxyvartis, enlarged. (Ori- gine?) Big. 4777 Male) gemptalia of Brac hy- neura vitis, enlarged. (Origina!) Brachyneura eupatorii Felt Tope wher, Ps ON. VY. State Mins, Bul. 124. p./ 317 1909 —————— Ent. Soc. Ont. 39th Rep’t, p. 44 The female was reared September 14, 1907, possibly from a gall on thoroughwort, Eupatorium pertoliatum, taken: at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. The swelling on the stem was about 6 mm in diameter and contained 6 yellow larvae occupying cocoons massed in the center of the cell. Female. Length 1.2 mm. Antennae shorter than the body, densely clothed with scales, presumably dark brown, the basal seg- ments creamy white; 12 segments, the fifth with a length about twice its diameter; terminal segment slightly produced, with a length three times its diameter and apically with a short, stout, knoblike appendage. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, irreg- ular, the second subrectangular, with a length about three times its diameter, slightly expanded distally, the third as long as the second, slender, tapering at both extremities. Face creamy white, eyes large, black, with fine, white points. Mesonotum dark fuscous, the submedian lines narrowly whitish. Scutellum yellowish, clothed with silvery hairs. Abdomen black, except where the whitish ground color appears; membrane and pleurae pale yellowish, ovi- positor whitish apically. Wangs black, costa black, thickly clothed with scales. Halteres black, whitish at the base, the pedicel un- usually short and curved. Coxae pale yellowish; femora and tibiae 222 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM silvery gray, the posterior tarsi silvery gray, the 2 distal segments black, the anterior and mid tarsi darker; claws unidentate, pulvilli shorter than the claws. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes broadly oval. Type Cecid. a1349. Brachyneura americana Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. New Species of Cecidomyiidae II, p. 5 1g08 ——————__ NN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 286 The single female representing this species was taken August 2, 1906 on the office window in Albany, N. Y., and was presumably reared from material brought into the office. Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly clothed with narrow scales, black; 12 segments, the fifth subcylindric, the enlargement, with a length nearly three times its diameter; terminal segment produced, slender, distally tapering to a narrowly rounded apex. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, some- what rounded, the second more than twice the length of the first, more slender, the third a little longer and more slender than the second. Mesono- tum very dark brown, sparsely ornamented with ereis ip yellowish hairs. Scutellum black with yellowish Pee hairs basally, postscutellum and abdomen dark haart) brownish black. Wings subhyaline, the membrane eee aa thickly clothed with narrow fuscous scales, costa antennal seg- tack. Halteres fuscous yellowish basally, black Bee oe apically. Legs mostly a uniform fuscous or black, hyneura the second and third segments of the posterior tarsi ame rae? fuscous yellowish; claws long, unidentate, the pul- enlaneed) COM Sallioas long as the claws. Ovipositor short, the gina) lobes short, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 734. Fig. 79 Ovipositor of Brachyneura amer icana, enlarged. (Original) REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 223 Oligarces Mein. 1865 Meinert, F. R. Naturhist, Tidsskr., ser. 3, III, 238 1876 Bergenstamm, J. E., & Low, Paul. Syn. Cecidomyidarum, p. 24 1877 Karsch, F. A. F. Revis. der Gallmucken, p. 16 1892 Rubsaamen, E. H. Berl. Ent. Zeit., 37 :401. roa! Kiefer, Jo J. Wien. Ent. Zeit., 13:201 1898 ——————— Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 53 1900 ——————- Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., 69:448 TOGS Felt, E>. N, Yo State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 317 1911 ——_—_—_—_ NN Y.. Ent. Soc. Jour., 19:38 I9II ————__—_ NN. Y.. State Mus. Bul. 147, p. 85 This genus was erected by Meinert in 1865 with O. para- doxus as the type and sole species. Members of this genus may be recognized by the finely haired wing membrane and the 2 or 3 simple veins in connection with the biarticulate tarsi, the first seg- ment being shorter than the second. The mouth parts are rudi- mentary or wanting. Oligarces noveboracensis Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. New Species of Cecidomyiidae II, p. 5 I9g08 ———_——— NN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 286 This species was taken on a window at Albany, N. Y., July 15, 1907 and was presumably reared from material brought into the office. Female. Length I mm. Antennae extending to the second ab- dominal segment, pale yellowish; 13 segments, the fifth and follow- ing sessile, cylindric, with a length about one-fourth greater than the diameter ; terminal segment reduced, narrowly rounded apically and irregularly clothed with long, chitinous spines. Palpi apparently wanting, eyes small, brown, ocelli absent; face yellowish. Meson- otum light brown, pleurae pale orange. Scutellum and postscutel- lum light fuscous yellowish. Abdomen pale yellowish, the basal and distal segments pale orange, the ovipositor pale white. Wings long, narrow, hyaline, costa pale yellowish, subcosta uniting with the anterior margin at the basal third, the third vein near the basal half, the fifth indistinct distally, joining the posterior margin at the basal half, its branch at the basal fourth, entire margin thickly clothed with long, rather stout hairs. MHalteres yellowish trans- parent. Legs pale yellowish white. Coxae short, irregular; femora long, stout, fusiform, tibiae a little longer, with weak spines apically, tarsi biarticulate, the first segment about three-fourths the length of the slender second. Claws short, stout, slightly curved; pulvilli rudimentary ; venter of eighth abdominal segment with submedian, subquadrate appendages. Ovipositor short, indistinctly triarticulate, the third segment long, narrowly oval. Type Cecid. 1226. 224 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Oligarces ulmi Felt I91t Felt, E. P. Econ, Ent. Jour., 4:477-78 The larvae of this species were found at Nassau, N. Y., Marck 18, 1911 in the thick, partly decaying bark of an old elm, Ulmus, cut some two or three years ago. They were so inconspicuous and concealed in the tissues that there was some doubt for a time as to there being anything living in the bark, though one or two exuviae led us to believe that larvae might be present. The infested bark was brought into a warm room March 2oth and on the 22d a num- ber of whitish transparent young appeared. By the 27th there were literally thousands upon the inside of the breeding jars, crawling freely upon the glass. Many perished while others doubtless re- established themselves in the bark. These larvae do not appear very amenable to laboratory methods, since we were unable to obtain adults from a small piece of bark containing hundreds of larvae clamped to a microscopic slide and kept in a small box. The few placed in water under a cover-glass soon escaped. The first pupa was observed April 18. When discovered it was standing at an oblique angle, being supported by the presumably glutinous posterior extremity, since at this stage there are no clasp- ing organs. The pupa soon turned and twisted, released its hold and was shortly lying at a totally different angle upon the moist surface of the wood. The pupal period probably extends over two or three days. The pupae evidently work themselves partly out of the wood before disclosing the adult. The first imagoes were found April 24th, females occurring in increasing numbers until about the 26th, at which time males became very numerous and continued so to the 29th. The adult flies emerge almost entirely between 10 a.m. and noon. They display a marked preference for the light, crawl freely, and when abundant run about in much the same man- ner as a swarm of winged ants. They crawl easily upon the sur- face of a glass cage though they frequently drop. Very little can be seen of the midges except at the hours above named, even when they are allowed to remain in the cage from day to day. It is prob- able that the eggs are deposited shortly after the females emerge. An individual may contain one to four ova, each with a length about three-fourths that of the abdomen. One female dropped in alcohol extruded two eggs which remained attached to the extremity of the — abdomen (plate 14, figure 4). REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q1I2 225 The colony we discovered was practically free from natural enemies, since only one Lestodiplosis larva was observed in the material collected and no adults reared. Egg. Length .4 mm, diameter .o8 mm, extremities rounded. The egg is white and granular. Mother larva. Length 2.5 mm, moderately stout, tapering toward each extremity, a dull yellowish white, the color harmonizing so closely with the decaying inner bark of elm as to be detected with difficulty. Head rather short, broad; the antennae short, stout, uniarticulate; transverse bands of spines on the distinct body seg- ments rudimentary or wanting, the margins of the incisures of both extremities frequently rather strongly chitinized; the posterior ex- tremity is rather stout, bilobed, the lobes rather broadly and irreg- ularly rounded and with minute tubercles ; the skin 1s nearly smooth. An overwintering mother larva may contain 8 or 10 practically fully developed young. Young larva. Length 1.5 mm, moderately stout, white or whitish transparent, the posterior extremity sometimes with a darker re- flection, due possibly to the black bark upon which the specimen was resting. Head long, triangular, the anterior third rather heavily chitinized, except the extreme apex; antennae moderately long, tapering, biarticulate; skin nearly smooth, transverse bands of spines, rudimentary or wanting; posterior extremity obtuse, bilobed, the lobes irregularly rounded and minutely tuberculate. Pupa. Length 1 mm, moderately stout, eyes reddish brown, the thorax pale yellowish; abdomen yellowish orange; thoracic horns long, slender; antennal cases stout, extending to the base of the wing pads, the wing and leg cases extending to about the third abdominal segment ; abdomen smooth, the fourth to ninth segments free and successively tapering, flexible; the posterior extremity broadly rounded and in the male, slightly bilobed. At the humeral angles there is a pair of irregularly oval, fuscous or reddish brown spots. Exuviae. Whitish transparent, the dorsum of the abdominal segments with irregular rows of minute, chitinous points. Female. Length 1.2mm. Antennae short, very sparsely haired, brownish yellow ; 1c—12 subsessile segments, the fifth with a length about one-fourth greater than its diameter, broadly pyriform, with a few long, stout setae subbasally and an irregular whorl of long, chitinous spines subapically; terminal segment reduced, nar- rowly oval. Palpi apparently wanting. Face fuscous yellowish; eyes light brown. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines fuscous yellowish. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum and abdomen pale yellowish or reddish orange, frequently slightly fus- cous apically, the ovipositor fuscous yellowish. Wings long, nar- row; fringe long. WHalteres yellowish transparent. Legs a some- what variable reddish yellow, the tarsi somewhat darker ; first tarsal 226 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM segment with a length about one-third that of tibia, the second tarsal segment with a length one-fourth greater than the first; claws stout, slightly curved, the pulvilli rudimentary. Abdomen slender and containing one to three large eggs, each with a length © about three-fourths that of the abdomen; the eighth segment ven- trally with submedian, irregularly pyriform appendages. Ovi- positor short, indistinctly triarticulate, the third segment with a length two and one-half times its diameter. For a description of the male, see the above citation. Type Cecid. a2136. EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE 1 [227] Pear thrips uth rips py c2 ) Daniel 1 Twig showing nearly total destruction of blossom buds and rudi mentary leaves 2 A similar branch with the leaves partly unfolded [228] Plate 1 Pear thrips work ih ’ : yal PAL 2 ~ f - \ Z ‘ r a 4 f ‘ . ' i \ . . " ~ j } ‘ S 1 ¢ ‘ od . x H Sy . . * a ’ - 4 Ss +) Ue a ee 2 a y [229] Be ST hl iy ty lee i ee OY Pear thrips Puthrips py ri.anicd 1 Cluster of buds in a condition favorable to attack by pear thrips 2 Fruit stem with buds seriously affected 3 A twig showing one cluster of buds somewhat enlarged by the thrips and several clusters of leaves illustrating the rolling and spoon-shaped deformity produced by this insect [230] Plate 2 Pear thrips work ~ PLATE 3 [231] Pear thrips Euthrips ypy ri. Daniel 1 Female thrips, greatly enlarged (x 40) 2 Wing of female (x 80) [232] Plate 3 Pear thrips af PLATE 4 [233] Queen blow fly Phormia regina Meig. 1 Anterior extremity of first stage maggot, showing the cephalo- pharyngeal skeleton and the transverse bands of chitinous points (x 100) . 2 Anterior portion of second stage maggot, showing cephalo- pharyngeal skeleton (x 100) 3 Cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of third stage maggot (x 66) [234 ] Queen blowfly larvae Queen blow fly Pirotim ta © ee tina Meio: 1 Posterior extremity of first stage maggot, showing the posterior pair of spiracles and the transverse bands of chitinous points (x 100) ) 2 Posterior spiracles of second stage maggot (x 200) [236 ] Queen blowfly larvae i aT aa ae ae 4 a erica 7 fi i Md , ; - PLATE 6 [237]; | | ay ; ms Queen blow fly Phormia regina Meig. 1 Portion of transverse band of chitinous points, greatly enlarged (x 200) 2 One posterior spiracle showing three orifices, each with a series of mostly transverse bars (x 200) [238] Plate 6 Queen blowfly larvae Beeb cu DNR wi tasn et obi RiSi5' ? " i Ry Nis A uae ey : is + i Felt i ( . ’ ‘ : : 1 es . 7 ; } f iy Gane . fe ; bil » : ‘ a ay 7 ¥ PLATE [239] Georgian flesh fly Sarcophaga cecetsing Wied: 1 Posterior spiracle showing three orifices and numerous anasto- mosing, oblique, chitinous bars (x 200) 2 Anterior spiracle showing the radially arranged orifices (x 100) 3 Cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (x 80) 4 Portion of male genitalia (x 50) [240] Plate 7 an flesh fly Georgi PLATE 8 [241] Effects following the application of a miscible oil 1 View in Baldwin orchard set I9 years. Over 100 trees were in a dying condition following spraying the preceding fall. Photo- graphed June I0, 1912 2 View in orchard of peach and apple trees set 12 years. Many of the apple trees are in a dying condition and were sprayed the preceding fall with a miscible oil. Photographed June to, IQI2 . [242] Plate 8 zs) | "h yh oe . \ at Od RB Effects following the application of miscible oil ere) ig te ee y biyhn Seva Effects following the application of a miscible oil 1 King tree sprayed in November 1911 with a miscible oil. One- half of this tree is dead. Photographed June 10, 1912 2 A view of the base of the same tree, more enlarged. Note the darker spots on the portion of the large limb from which the outer bark had been cut away, they being especially marked at the second fork on the base of a hmb which was entirely dead. Photographed June 10, 1912 [244] Plate 9 es et Be eae ge sa La soehy oe - A ARR AS raed sy Se Vb Pha a + .* } / : “fy, Effects following the application of miscible oil ae a, tee RC Al TOMBE AG bende aa cae een, Pa pemne Loe at . Pear midge Contarinia py tivora GRiley 1 Cluster of pears showing four upright ones, three at least being abnormally swollen and globular, as a result of infestation by maggots 2 Similar pears opened to show the condition of the infested fruit [246] Plate 10 I Pear midge work ‘ 3 at et Gall midge structures Joannisia carolinae Felt (x 20) Campylomyza vitinea Felt (x 20) Campylomyza producta Felt (x 20) Prionellus longipennis Felt (x 20) Cordylomyia bryanti Felt (x 20) Johnsonomyia rubra Felt (x 15) 7 Johnsonomyia fusca Felt, male genitalia (x 18c) [248] OO; Gee SoC On Plate 11 Gall midge structures PLATE 12 [249] Oven BW NY Gall midge genitalia Monardia karnerensis Felt, male (x 260) Monardia balsamicola Felt, male (x 260) Prionellus hesperia Felt, male (x 260) Campylomyza producta Felt, male (x 260) Campylomyza pomifolia Felt, male (x 260) Campylomyza pomiflorae Felt, male (x 260) [250] Plate 12 Gall midge genitalia PLATE 13 a fo.) (| Gall midge anatomy 1 Monardia populi Felt, male genitalia (x 260) 2 Corinthomyia currei Felt, male genitalia (x 260) 3 Cordylomyia coprophila Felt, male genitalia (x 195) 4 Monardia lignivora Felt, anterior portion of larva, showing the tridentate breastbone (x 50) 5 Leptosyna americana Felt, male genitalia (x 260) 6 Kronomyia populi Felt, posterior extremity of female (x 125) [252] Plate 13 Gall midge anatomy Gai cer YA a ee wer A ce Sa ea) S51! Oi ‘xan pi am bi Wea aaa) ahh ea Nib, \ =P i \ BS :> P ’ ‘t ’ Wied i an) ; kee . i (ls ak py ‘ e * 7 f ? ‘ i “ . ’ ‘ a ’ 1 . f t ‘ f y . ; { rs ~ tos, » a A f wi, yi = é baie - , « ? i 1 f ' * i ‘ + Ps a) ” ’ 4e . i i “ 2 j PLATE 14 . [253 | Miastor and Oligarces 1 Prepupa of Miastor 2 Pupa of Oligarces 3 Oligarces ulmi Felt, male 4 Oligarces ulmi Felt, female, showing eggs protruding from ab- domen [254] I Plate 14 2 Miastor and Oligarces =i 8 aia . — on ~ - = * . r / ; 3 4 Qe ‘ ‘ he = > TR Ae we mee Ly t t fowl > Vghoes A INDEX Acarina, additions to collections, 126 acerifolia, Lestremia, 134, 139 aceris, Campylomyza, 154 Chaitophorus, 106 acutipennis, Leptosyna, 215 Adalia bipunctata, 106 Additions to collections, 120-26 aestiva, Camptomyia, 118 Agrilus anxius, IOI, I14 Alabama argillacea, I107—II alexanderi, Monardia, 184, 187 Allorhina nitida, 57 allyni, Eupelmus, 39 Ambrosia beetles, 9, 103 americana, Asynapta, 118 Catocha, 130-31 Cimbex, 104 Cordylomyia, 195, 199 Leptosyna, 216 Malacosoma, 94-95 Miastor, 203 Anomala, two-spotted, 106 Anomala binotata, 106 Anomis erosa, III Anthrenus verbasci, 118 Anticarsia gemmatilis, III anxius, Agrilus, IOI, 114 Apple leaf miner, 95-096 Apple tent caterpillar, 5, 94-05, I15 Apple tree, injurious insects: codling moth, 6, 13 fruit tree bark beetle, 93 Palmer worm, 96 shield bearer, 95 Apple worm, see Codling moth Apples, spraying, II5 Apriona bidentata, 183 Aprionus, 155, 182 miki, 183 aptera, Wasmanniella, 156 araneosa, Clinodiplosis, 119 arcuata, Lachnosterna, 57 argillacea, Alabama, 107-11 Army worm, fall, 8, 42-47, 119 Arsenate of lead, 8, 18, 46, 50-52, 95, O74 110D;. FPS. FIO Arthrocnodax meridionalis, 115 occidentalis, 120 articulosa, Monardia, 183, 185, 192- 93 Asphondylia diplaci, 119 enceliae, I19 eupatorii, I13 thalictri, 113 Asteromyia, II4 grindeliae, 119 Asynapta americana, 118 atra, Campylomyza, 153 Aulonium bidentatum, 103 aurantiaca, Joannisia, 157 Autographa oxygramma, III balia, Lachnosterna, 57 balsamicola, Monardia, 185, 189 Nbacberi Catocha, 130, (131-32 Lestremia, 134, 135-36 Barcurol, 65 Bark borers, 8 barlowi, Monardia, 185, I90 bergrothi, Bryomyia, 194 betheli, Oligotrophus, 119 bicolor, Campylomyza, 153 bidentata, Apriona, 183 bidentatum, Aulonium, 103 bifoveolatum, Ophion, 60 binotata, Anomala, 106 bipunctata, Adalia, 106 Birches, bronze birch borer injuring, ‘ IOI Blissus leucopterus, I19 Blowfly, 9 queen, 75-79 Bluebottle fly, 75 Boeotomus subapterus, 40 borealis, Microcerata, 143, 147 boulderensis, Prionellus, 173, 177 [255] 256 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Brachyneura, 219, 203, 204 eupatoriil, 220, 221 fuscogrisea, 220 Wiis, 217,’ 220-21 brevicornis, Cordylomyia, 194, 196-97 brevipes, Xuthia, 103 Bronze birch borer, 101, 114 Brown-tail moth, 7 bryanti, Cordylomyia, 194, 195 Bryomyia, 155, 193-04 bergrothi, 194 Bud moth, 115 calidum, Calosoma, 46 californica, Diarthronomyia, I17 Calliphora erythrocephala, 75 Calosoma calidum, 46 Camptomyia aestiva, 118 Campylomyza, 155, 164; key genera, 154, 164-05 aceris, 154 atra, 153 bicolor, 153 Carpi, 165, 171 cerasi, 165, 168 flavipes, 153, 164 flavoscuta, 165, 169-70 gibbosa, 165, 169 hirsuta, 200 modesta, 165, 170 pomiflorae, 165, 168 pomifolia, 165, 167 producta, 165, 166-67 scutellata, 164 texana, 165, 170-71 truncata, 118, 165, 170 vitinea, 164, 166 Campylomyzariae, 153 canadensis, Itonida, 113 Picea, 166 Sambucus, 136 Canker worms, II5 Carbolic acid, 66 Carbon bisulphid, 62 carinatus, Tetrastichus, 39 carolina, Epimyia, 203, 217 Mycodiplosis, 113 carolinae, Joannisia, 157, 158 carpini, Campylomyza, 165, 171 to Carpocapsa pomonella, 13-31, 113 Case-bearers, I15 Catocha, 129-30; key to species, 130 americana, 130-31 barberi, 130, 131-32 latipes, 130 muscicola, 130 slossonae, 130, 132 Cecidomyia cerasiphila, 113 hopkinsi, 113 ocellaris, I50 Cecidomyiidae, 127 cerasi, Campylomyza, 165, 168 cerasiphila, Cecidomyia, 113 Ceratomyia, 154, 162 johannseni, 163 Chaitophorus aceris, 106 Chalepus dorsalis, 100, 119 nervosa, 100 Chastomera, 213 Chelonus texanus, 45 Chermes pinicorticis, 103 Chinch bug, I19 Chokecherry, apple tent caterpillar injuring, 94 Cicada, periodical, 9, IiI—12, 114, 117 Cimbex americana, 104 cincinna, Corinthomyia, 200, 201-2 cincta, Itonida, 113 Johnsonomyia, 118, 211, 213 cinerea, Lestremia, 133 clarkeae, Parallelodiplosis, 113 Clinodiplosis araneosa, II9 Clover midge, 127 coccidarum, Dicrodiplosis, 113 coccidivora, Mycodiplosis, 113 Coccidomyia erii, 119 cockerelli, Microcerata, 143, 144 Codling moth, 6, 13-31, 113, 117; life history and habits, 14; experimen- tal work, 14-18; tests in commer- cial orchards, 18-21; results of experiments, 2I-26; comparative summary, 26-31; fight against, 114; spraying, 115; controlling, 115; ex- periments with, 116 Coleoptera, additions to collections, 121-22 Collections, 10; additions to, 120-26 INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 coloradensis, Cordylomyia, 194, 195, 199-200 Janetiella, 119 Colpodia, 211 Contarinia johnsoni, 127 pyrivora, 97-99, 127 spiraeina, 113 coprophila, Cordylomyia, 197-08 Coptodisca splendoriferella, 95 Coquillettomyia knabi, 119 Cordyceps ravenelii, 61 Cordylomyia, 155, 104 americana, 195, 199 brevicornis, 194, 196-97 bryanti, 194, 195 coloradensis, 194, 195, 199-200 coprophila, 194, 195, 197-08 kasloensis, 195, 199 luna, 194, 196 sylvestris, 194, 195-96 tumida, 194, 197 versicolor, 195, 198 Corinthomyia, 155, 200 cincinna, 200, 201-2 currei, 200, 202 gracilis, 118, 200, 201 hirsuta, 200, 201 Corn, injurious insects: fall army worm, 42 June beetles, 56 corni, Microcerata, 143, 145 Micromyia, 142 Cotalpa lanigera, 56 Cotton moth, 107-11 Cottony maple scale, 8 crassissima, Lachnosterna, 57 crenulata, Lachnosterna, 57 cucurbitae, Itonida, 113 Mycodiplosis, 113 currei, Corinthomyia, 200, 202 - 194, 195, Dasyneura, II4 eugeniae, 118 leguminicola, 127 rhodophaga, 127 defectiva, Prionellus, 173, 174 destructor, Merisus, 39 Phytophaga, 31-41, 127 Diarthronomyia californica, 117 257 Dicrodiplosis coccidarum, 113 gillettei, 113 . diervillae, Microcerata, 142, 143, 145 dietzii, Porricondyla, 118 dilatata, Prionellus, 173, 174, 178-79 diplaci, Asphondylia, 119 Lasioptera, 119 Diptera, additions to collections, 122 disstria, Malacosoma, 97, 99-100 domestica, Musca, 93 dorsalis, Chalepus, 100, I19 dubia, Lachnosterna, 57 dyari, Lestremia, 135, 141 Eccoptogaster quadrispinosa, 63-60, mie. ents rugulosa, 90, 93 Elm leaf beetle, 8, 10, 47-55, 114, 118; destructive work in 1912, 48-50; experiments with, 50-52; results of spraying for, 52-55; control, 116 Elm sawfly, 104 Elms, Hawthorn 105; spraying, 116 elongata, Lestremia, 134, 135 enceliae, Asphondylia, 119 Entedon epigonus, 40 Entomology, economic, I19 epigonus, Entedon, 40 Epimyia, 204, 217 carolina, 203, 217 Erannis tiliaria, III erosa, Anomis, III erythrocephala, Calliphora, 75 eugeniae, Dasyneura, 118 eupatorii, Asphondylia, 113 Brachyneura, 220, 221 Eupatorium americana, 220, 222 perfoliatum, 220 Eupelmus allyni, 39 Euthrips pyri, 70-74 Explanation of plates, 227-54 sawfly injuring, Fall army worm, 42-47, 119; charac- teristics of outbreaks, 42; descrip- tion, 42-43; larva, 43-44; food plants, 44-45; life history, 45; dis- tribution, 45; natural enemies, 45- 46; remedial measures, 46; bibliog- raphy, 46-47 258 False maple scale, 8 fasciata, Pero, 214 Fidia viticida, 50 Fig eater, 57 fitchii, Prodiplosis, 118 flavipes, Campylomyza, 153, 164 flavopedalis, Joannisia, 157 flavoscuta, Campylomyza, 165, 169-70 Joannisia, 157, 159 Flesh fly, 9 Georgian, 80-82 Flies, 9 Georgian flesh fly, 80-82 queen blowfly, 75-79 Forest insects, 8-9, 99-104 Forest tent caterpillar, 5, 97, 99—100, II7 franconiae, Lestremia, 134, 141 fraterna, Lachnosterna, 57 frenchii, Frontina, 45 Frirenia, 204, 216 tenella, 216 Frontina frenchii, 45 frugiperda, Laphygma, 42-47, 119 Fruit tree bark beetle, 90, 93 Fruit tree insects, 6, 93-90 fulvus, Sparnopolius, 60 fungicola, Hyperdiplosis, 113 Mycophila, 161 fusca, Johnsonomyia, 211, 212-13 Lachnosterna, 56, 57 fuscogrisea, Brachyneura, 220 Galerucella luteola, 47-55, 114 Gall midges, 9-10, II5, 119, 127-226; new species, 113; violet, 127 gemmatilis, Anticarsia, III Georgian flesh fly, 80-82; 80-81; description, 81-82; bibliog- raphy, 82 georgina, Sarcophaga, 9, 80-82 gibbosa, Campylomyza, 165, 169 Lachnosterna, 57 gillettei, Dicrodiplosis, 113 Monardia, 183, 184, 185-86 Gipsy moth, 6-7, 117 elaberrima, Lachnosterna, 57 Goldsmith beetle, 56 gracilis, Corinthomyia, 118, 200, 201 Lachnosterna, 57 NEW YORK STATE biology, | MUSEUM Grain pests, 7-8 graminea, Prionellus, 174, 180 grandis, Lachnosterna, 56, 57 Grape blossom midge, 127 Grapevine beetle, 56 Grapevine root worm, 50 Grass, injurious insects, 7-8 fall army worm, 42 June beetle, 56 Green maple worm, 5, 117 grindeliae, Asteromyia, I19 Ground beetles, 46 Haplusia, 204, 210 plumipes, 210 : Hawthorn sawfly, 104 Heliophila unipuncta, 42 Helobia punctipennis, 112 Hemiptera, additions to collections, 124-26 herrickii, Platygaster, 40 hesperia, Prionellus, 174, 181-82 Hessian fly, 7, 31-41, 127; causes of outbreak, 32-33; signs of infesta- tion, 32; losses from in IQI2, 33- 37° tood plants, 37; ke history, 37; emergence of, 38-39; number of generations, 37-38; parasites, 39-40; preventive and _ remedial measures, 40-41; bibliography, 41 Heteropeza, 204, 209 pygmaea, 209 transmarina, 209 Heteropezinae, 202-26 Hickories, 114 Hickory bark borer, 8, 63-69, 113, II5; signs of infestation, 63-64; life history and habits, 64-605; ex- perimental work, 65; preventive measures, 67-68; remedial meas- ures, 68-69 Hickory trees, dying, 113 hirsuta, Campylomyza, 200 Corinthomyia, 200, 201 Lachnosterna, 56, 57 hirticola, Lachnosterna, 56, 57 Hispa, rosy, 100, I17 hopkinsi, Cecidomyia, 113 Hornbeam, forest tent injuring, 99 caterpillar INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 House fly, 9, 93 Howard, “bs 0. “identification of species through courtesy of, 12 Hymenoptera, additions to collec- tions, I21 Hyperdiplosis fungicola, 113 producta, I15 ilicis, Lachnosterna, 57 Injurious insects, 13-82 inopis, Itonida, 118 inornata, Tiphia, 60 Insect pests, control of in institutions, HO; 1A Insects, number II intermedia, Strobliella, 155 Ips pini, IOI Iris borer, 117 Itonida canadensis, 113 cincta, I13 cuctrpitae, 113 inopis, 118 pugionis, 113, 208 spiraeina, I13 taxodii, 113 tritici; 118, 127 Itonididae, 118, I19, 127-226 Janetiella coloradensis, 119 Joannisia, 154, 156; key to species, S77) aurantiaca, 157 carolinae, 157, 158 flavopedalis, 157 flavoscuta, 157, 159 latipennis, 160 neomexicana, 156, 157, 160 pennsylvanica, 156, 157, 150 photophila, 157, 158 johannseni, Ceratomyia, 163 johnsoni, Contarinia, 127 Microcerata, 143 Johnsonomyia, 204, 211 CMCtd, “LI6,:2TT, 253 fusca, 21I, 212-13 Tubfa, 2il, 212 June beetles, 56-62; characteristics, 56-57; New York species, 57 Juniper bug, 112 juniperina, Pentatoma, 112 259 kansensis, Lestremia, 134, 137-38 karnerensis, Monardia, 184, 188-89 Karschomyia townsendi, I19 kasloensis, Cordylomyia, 195, 199 Kerosene emulsion, 46, 62, 66, 96, 104 kiefferi, Stenoptera, 209 knabi, Coquillettomyia, 119 knochii, Lachnosterna, 57 Kronomyia, 204, 218 populi, 219 Lachnosterna, 57-58 SP. 50-02, 110 arcuata, 57 balia, 57 crassissima, 57 crenulata, 57 dubia, 57 fraterna, 57 fusca, 56, 57 gibbosa, 57 glaberrima, 57 gracilis, 57 grandis, 56, 57 hirsuta, 56, 57 hirticola, 56, 57 MuciSy 157 knochii, 57 marginalis, 57 micans, 57 nitida, 57 nova, 57 rugosa, 57 tristis, 56, 57 Ladybeetle, two-spotted, 106 lanigera, Cotalpa, 56 Laphygma frugiperda, 42-47, I19 Lasioptera, I14 diplaci, 119 verbenae, I19 Lasiopteryx manihot, 116 latipennis, Joannisia, 160 Prionellus, 173, 174, 179-80 latipes, Catocha, 130 Leaf feeders, 115 Ledomyiella, 204, 217 succini, 218 leguminicola, Dasyneura, 127 Prionellus, 174, 181 260 Lepidoptera, additions to collections, 122-24 Leptosyna, 214, 215 acutipennis, 215 americana, 216 quercivora, 203, 215 quercus (quercivora), 113 Lestodiplosis, 208 Lestremia, 129, 133; key to species, 134 acerifolia, 134, 139 barberi, 134, 135-36 cinerea, 133 dyari, 135, 141 elongata, 134, 135 franconiae, 134, I4I kansensis, 134, 137-38 leucophaea, 133-34 pini, 134, 138 sambuci, 134, 136-37 setosa, 134, 140 solidaginis, 134, 139 spiraeina, 134, 140 sylvestris, 134, 136 vernalis, 135, 142 Lestremiinae, 127 Lestremiinariae, key to, 129 leucophaea, Lestremia, 133-24 leucopterus, Blissus, 119 leveillei, Peromyia, 161 lignivora, Monardia, 184, 185, 191-92 ligulellus, Ypsolophus, 96-97 Lime tree winter moth, III Lime-sulphur wash, 14, 18 Lithomyza, 152 Locust, seventeen-year, 114 Locust leaf miner, 9, 100, 117, 119 Lonchaea polita, 208 longipennis, Prionellus, 173, 176 Lucilia sericata, 75 lucorum, Micromyia, 164 luna, Cordylomyia, 194, 196 luteola, Galerucella, 47-55, 114 Lysimachia quadrifolia, 139 Malacosoma americana, 94-95 disstria, 97, 99-100 malifoliella, Tischeria, 95-96 malus, Pyrus, 167 manihot, Lasiopteryx, 116 Maple leaf cutter, 117 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Maple scale, cottony, 8 false, 8 Maple worm, green, 5, I17 Maples, injurious insects: forest tent caterpillar, 99 ladybeetle, two-spotted, 106 marginalis, Lachnosterna, 57 marilandica, Neocatocha, 151 Meinertomyia, 204, 214 melinus, Palorus, 103 meridionalis, Arthrocnodax, 115 Merisus destructor, 39 metraloas, Miastor, 205 Meunieria, 204, 205 mexicana, Uleella, 113 Miastor, 114, 204, 205 americana, 203, 205-8; natural ene- mies, 208; life history, 208 metraloas, 205 micans, Lachnosterna, 57 Microcerata, 129, 142; key to species, 143 borealis, 143, 147 cockerelli, 143, 144 corni, 143, 145 diervillae, 142, 143, 145 johnsoni, 143 perplexa, 142, 143, 146-47 spinosa, 143, 145-46 texana, 143, 147-48 Micromyia, 155, 163 corni, 142 lucorum, 164 Midge galls, 114; identity, 10 miki, Aprionus, 183 Mite migration, I12 modesta, Campylomyza, 165, 170 Trichopteromyia, I61 Monardia, 155, 183 alexanderi, 184, 187 articulosa, 183, 185, 192-03 balsamicola, 185, 1890 barlowi, 185, 190 gilletti, 183, 184, 185-86 karnerensis, 184, 188-89 lignivora, 184, 185, 191-02 Pinicorticis, 184, 188 populi, 185, 189 stirpium, 183 toxicodendron, 184, 186-87 tuckeri, 185, I9Q0-QI INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 monilis, Prionellus, 173, 175 Monodicrana, 204, 210 terminalis, 210 montana, Prionellus, 174, 182 mosellana, Thecodiplosis, 9, 118 Mosquito, control, 9, 106-7 Mountain ash, forest tent caterpillar injuring, 99 Musca domestica, 93 muscicola, Catocha, 130 Mycodiplosis carolina, 113 coccidivora, I13 cucurbitae, 113 pulvinariae, 115 spinosa, 113 Mycophila, 154, 161 fungicola, 161 Myiasis interna, 93 Myzine sexcincta, 60 Necrophlebia, 214 volitans, 214 Neocatocha, 129, I5I marilandica, I51 spinosa, 152 Neolasioptera, 114 neomexicana, Joannisia, 156, 157, 160 Neostenoptera, 204, 209 Neptunimyia, 129, 150 tridens, 150 nervosa, Chalepus, 100 Neuroptera, additions to collections, 124 Neuroterus saltatorius, 105 nigricornis, Paridris, 150 nitida, Allorhina, 57 Lachnosterna, 57 Notch wing, 117 nova, Lachnosterna, 57 noveboracensis, Oligarces, 223 Nursery inspection, I1 si Oaks, injurious insects: forest tent caterpillar, 99 Neuroterus saltatorius, 105 occidentalis, Arthrocnodax, 120 ocellaris, Cecidomyia, 150 Oils, use on dormant trees, 83-02 201 Oligarces, I14, 204, 223 noveboracensis, 223 paradoxus, 223 ulmi, 203, 224-26 Oligotrophus betheli, 119 Ophion bifoveolatum, 60 Orthoptera, additions to collections, 126 oxygramma, Autographa, III Palaespaniocera, 204, 205 pallipes, Pteromalis, 40 Palmer worm, 96-97 Palorus melinus, 103 paradoxus, Oligarces, 223 Parallelodiplosis clarkeae, 113 Paridris nigricornis, 150 Peach trees, fruit tree bark beetle in- juring, 93 Pear midge, 6, 97-990, 127 Pear thrips, 70-74, 116; description, 71-72; distribution in the Hudson valley, 70; life history, 72; inju- ries, 70; food plants, 72; distribu- tion, 72-73; preventive measures, 73; remedial measures, 73-74; bib- liography, 74 Pear tree, injurious insects: fruit tree bark beetle, 93 pear thrips, 6 Pelidnota punctata, 56 Pentatoma juniperina, 112 pennsylvanica, Joannisia, 156, 157, 159 Prunus, 168 Youngomyia, 118 perfoliatum, Eupatorium, 220 Periodical cicada, 0, Tli-12, 114,117 Pero fasciata, 214 Peromyia, 154, 160 leveillei, 161 perplexa, Microcerata, 142, 143, 146- 47 Petroleum, 5; injury by, 83-85 Phormia regina, 9, 75, 80 photophila, Joannisia, 157, 158 Phytophaga destructor, 31-41, 127 violicola, 127 Picea canadensis, 169 262 Pine, injurious insects: bark borers, 8, IOI woolly bark louse, 9 Pine bark aphid, 103 Pine bark borer, 8, I01 pini, Ips, 101 Lestremia, 134, 138 Prionota, 172 pinicorticis, Chermes, 103 Monardia, 184, 188 pisoniae, Uleella, 115 pisonifolia, Uleella, 119 Plant lice, 116 Plant quarantine act, 7 Plates, explanation of, 227-54 Platygaster herrickii, 40 Platypus punctulatus, 103 Plum trees, fruit tree bark beetle in- juring, 93 ‘plumipes, Haplusia, 210 polita, Lonchaea, 208 Polyphylla variolosa, 56 pomiflorae, Campylomyza, 165, 168 pomifolia, Campylomyza, 165, 167 pomonella, Carpocapsa, 13-31, 113 populi, Kronomyia, 219 Monardia, 185, 189 porrecta, Porricondyla, 118 Porricondyla dietzii, 118 porrecta, 118 vernalis, 118 Potatoes, June beetle injuring, 56 Prionellus, 155, 172; key to species, 173 boulderensis, 173, 177 defectiva, 173, 174 dilatata, 173, 174, 178-79 graminea, 174, 180 hesperia, 174, 181-82 latipennis, 173, 174, 179 leguminicola, 174, 181 longipennis, 173, 176 monilis, 173, 175 montana, 174, 182 silvana, 173, 174-75 simulator, 173, 175 tsugae, 173, 176 Prionota pini, 172 Prodiplosis fitchii, 118 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM producta, Campylomyza, 165, 166-67 Hyperdiplosis, 115 Projoannisia, 154, 160 Prunus pennsylvanica, 168 Pseudotephritis vau, 208 Pteromalis pallipes, 4o Publications, 10, 113-20 pugionis, Itonida, 113, 208 pulvinariae, Mycodiplosis, 115 punctata, Pelidnota, 56 punctipennis, Helobia, 112 punctulatus, Platypus, 103 pygmaea, Heteropeza, 209 Pyrgota undata, 60 pyri, Euthrips, 70-74 pyrivora, Contarinia, 97-99, 127 Pyrus malus, 167 quadrifolia, Lysimachia, 139 quadripustulata, Winthemia, 45 quadrispinosa, Eccoptogaster, 63-60, TIZ,°805 Quarantine, II9 Queen blowfly, 75-79; methods used in experiments, 75; biology, 76- 78; description, 78-79; bibliog- raphy, 79 | quercina, Youngomyia, 113 quercivora, Leptosyna, 113, 203, 215 ravenelii, Cordyceps, 61 regina, Phormia, 9, 75, 80 Remedies and preventives: arsenate of lead, 8, 18, 46, 50-52, 95, 97, 100, 115, 116 barcurol, 65 black leaf, 66 carbolic acid, 66 carbon bisulphid, 62 kerosene emulsion, 46, 62, 66, 96, 104 lime-sulphur wash, 14, 18 oils, 83-92 petroleum, 5, 83-85 scalecide, 66 tobacco preparation, 6, 73-74 tobacco soap, 116 whale oil soap, 67, 104 INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI2 263 Remedies and preventives for: apple leaf miner, 96 apple tent caterpillar, 94, 95 bronze birch borer, 101 codling moth, 13, 14, 18 elm leaf beetle, 50-55, 114 forest tent caterpillar, 100 fruit tree bark beetle, 93 Hessian fly, 40-41 hickory bark borer, 65-69 locust leaf miner, 100 Palmer worm, 97 pear midge, 99 pear thrips, 6, 73, 116 pine bark aphid, 104 pine bark borer, 103 white grub, 62 Resplendent shield bearer, 95 Rhabdophaga, 114 rhodophaga, Dasyneura, 127 Rose leaf hopper, 117 Rose midge, 127 Rosy Hispa, 100, 117 rubra, Johnsonomyia, 211, 212 rugosa, Lachnosterna, 57 rugulosa, Eccoptogaster, 90, 93 sackeni, Tritozyga, 149 saltatorius, Neuroterus, 105 sambuci, Lestremia, 134, 136-37 Sambucus canadensis, 136 Sarcophaga georgina, 9, 80-82 Scalecide, 66 Scirpus silvaticus, 156 Scraping trees, I19 scutellata, Campylomyza, 164 septendecim, Tibicen, III, 114 sericata, Lucilia, 75 setosa, Lestremia, 134, 140 sexcincta, Myzine, 60 sexdentatus, Tetradiplosis, 211 Shade tree pests, 8, 114, 117 Shield bearer, resplendent, 95 silvana, Prionellus, 173, 174 silvaticus, Scirpus, 156 simulator, Prionellus, 173, 175 slossonae, Catocha, 130, 132 solidaginis, Lestremia, 134, 139 Sparnopolius fulvus, 60 spinosa, Microcerata, 143, 145-46 Mycodiplosis, 113 Neocatocha, 152 spiraeina, Contarinia, 113 Itonida, 113 Lestremia, 134, 140 splendoriferella, Coptodisca, 95 Spraying, apparatus, 116; apples, 115; for codling moth, 115; elms, 116; fundamentals, 10, 118 Stenoptera kiefferi, 200 stirpium, Monardia, 183 Strawberries, injurious insects: June beetle, 56 two-spotted Anomala, 106 Strobliella, 154, 155 intermedia, 155 subapterus, Boeotomus, 40 succini, Ledomyiella, 218 sylvestris, Cordylomyia, 194, 195-96 Lestremia, 134, 136 Tachina fly, 45 taxodii, Itonida, 113 tenella, Frirenia, 216 terminalis, Monodicrana, 210 Tetradiplosis, 210 sexdentatus, 2I1 Tetrastichus carinatus, 30 texana, Campylomyza, 165, 170-71 Microcerata, 143, 147-48 texanus, Chelonus, 45 thalictri, Asphondylia, 113 Thecodiplosis mosellana, 9, 118 zauschneriae, IIQ Thysanoptera, additions to collec- tions, 124 Thysanura, additions to collections, 126 tibialis, Trichiosoma, 104 Tibicen septendecim, III-I2, 114 tiliaria, Erannis, 111 Tiphia inornata, 60 Tischeria malifoliella, 95-06 Tobacco preparation, 6, 73-74 Tobacco soap, 116 torquatus, Xyleborus, 103 townsendi, Karschomyia, 119 toxicodendron, Monardia, 184, 186-87 264 transmarina, Heteropeza, 209 Trap strips, 41 Trees, dormant, use of oils on, 83- 92; scraping, II9 Trichiosoma tibialis, 104 Trichopteromyia, 154, I61 modesta, 161 tridens, Neptunimyia, 150 tristis, Lachnosterna, 56, 57 {fitier, Ttonidaz irs: 127 Tritozyga, 129, 148 sackeni, 149 truncata, Campylomyza, 118, 165, 170 tsugae, Prionellus, 173, 176 tuckeri, Monardia, 185, 190-91 tumida, Cordylomyia, 194, 197 Tussock moth, white-marked, Io, 118 Two-spotted Anomala, 106 Two-spotted ‘ladybeetle, 106 Uleella (Bruggmaniella) mexicana, 113 pisonia, II5 pisonifolia, 119 ulmi, Oligarces, 203, 224-26 undata, Pyrgota, 60 unipuncta, Heliophila, 42 variolosa, Polyphylla, 56 vau, Pseudotephritis, 208 verbasci, Anthrenus, 118 verbenae, Lasioptera, II9 vernalis, Lestremia, 135, 142 Porricondyla, 118 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM vernoniae, Youngomyia, 113 versicolor, Cordylomyia, 195, 198 Violet gall midge, 127 violicola, Phytophaga, 127 viticida, Fidia, 50 vitinea, Campylomyza, 164, 166 vitis, Brachyneura, 217, 220-21 volitans, Necrophlebia, 214 Wasmanniella, 154, 155 aptera, 156 Whale oil soap, 67, 104 Wheat, Hessian fly injuring, 7, 31 Wheat midge, 9, 118, 127 White grubs, 7, 56-62, 119 White-marked tussock moth, 10, 118 Willow, Hawthorn sawfly injuring, 105 Winter moth, III Winthemia quadripustulata, 45 Woolly bark louse, 9 Xuthia brevipes, 103 Xyleborus torquatus, 103 Young, D. 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