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APRIL 15, 1915 New York State Museum Joun M. CLARKE, Director EPHRAIM PorTER FELT, State Ento Museum Bulletin 1 zoth REPORT OF THE STATE | ‘ON INJURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS OF THE % STATE OF NEW YORK I9OI3 PAGE ( Injurious insects (continued) PAGE EE ROICICLION 5 52 o's cs ko ope ie hob oper 5 Banded grape bug......./...... 41 MPTASANSCCES 16. ose et ken 13 | Use of miscible oils on trees....... 45. a TOE ie Uae a eer 13 Larger sugar maples and miscible Dymedcorn: DOLEr.:, Si se see I OLS! 5 eR ae ge in eae 45 European grain moth or wolf Signs of oul injury osteo Le 46 ME ek RNS Gd ya iol san a, » 56.) Wotes for the years. veers 48 Rhododendron clear-wing. noe SOAS 19 Fruittree pests./.....00.024.5 . 40 Azalea leaf skeletonizer......... 21 Shade. tree pests.......:.. beihs ie 56 Arbor vitae leaf miner......... 22 Forest tree pests .............- 61 White grubs and June beetles.... 24 Miscellaneous insécts........... 64 » Spotted hemlock borer......... 26 | Publications of the entomologist... 68 ‘White pine weevil............. 30 | Additions to collections .......... .72 feckory bark borer..........<.. 33 | Appendix: A study of gall midges II 79 Pitted ambrosia beetle......... 36 | Explanation of plates.-.......... ie Meets IIMS: os sista tis AS eat RRS! BRIO GX Gs L's caso -ayeleer ss tobrece See amen 247 ALBANY THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK TQT5 Megr-My14-1500 Ter i THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University With years when terms expire tot7 St Cram McKetway M.A. LU.D. DCL, V:i.D. _ Chancellor Brooklyn 1926 Priny T.Sexton LL.B. LL.D. Vice Chancellor Palmyra 1915 ALBERT VANDER VEER M.D.M.A.Ph.D.LL.D. Albany 1922 CHESTER.S. Lorp M.A. LL.D. - - - -— — New York 1918 WitiiaM NottincHaM M.A. Ph.D.LL.D. - -—- Syracuse 1921 Francis M. CARPENTER - - = - — = = Mount Kisco 1923 AsraM [. Etxus LL.B. D.C.L. - -- -' -— - New York 1924 ADELBERT Moot LL.D. - - - - - - -— Buffalo 1925 CHARLES B. ALEXANDER M.A.LL.B.LL. D. Litt. D. Tuxedo 1919 JOHN MoorE — - closely resembles that of Eh iT ac t1- linea. Description. The adult is one of the smaller of the familiar heavy-bodied, owlet or Noctuid moths with a wing spread of nearly 1% inches, a variable purplish brown color, and has on the fore wing a silvery, eyelike spot near the middle and a more or less distinct, irregular, brownish yellow, subapical, oblique band, which REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 15 latter is continued along the posterior margin to the basal third and there expands into a conspicuous, ovoid area. The larva, described in considerable detail by Professor Webster, . may not be that of this species, particularly as it is somewhat larger (26 mm) than those from which our material was reared, the latter producing only H. fractilinea. Larva. Length 1.8 cm. Head and thoracic shield mostly pale yellowish. Body mostly a light fuscous yellowish with dull brown, rather broad submedian lines and a narrower, dark brown lateral line slightly broken at the incisures; suranal plate mostly fuscous yellowish, irregularly margined posteriorly with brownish; venter yellowish transparent; mouth parts and eyes light brown. Life history. Comparatively little is known. The larva may be observed in June feeding on corn, becoming full grown probably the latter part of that month, the moths appearing in our breeding cages July 19th to 21st. Professor Webster obtained them somewhat later, namely, from the last days of July to August roth. The injury last season was on land which had been plowed the preceding fall, and there is at least a fair probability that the caterpillars winter in the sod much as do those of a number of other Noctuids as well as larvae of Crambids. When the presumably natural food, grass, is destroyed these caterpillars are compelled to eat whatever may be available and, under the conditions outlined above, may seriously injure corn. Distribution. This species has a wide range, having been recorded by the late Doctor Smith from both Canada and New York in August, Illinois, Vermont, Wisconsin, Nebraska, Colorado and New Mexico. Doctor Holland states that this species is not scarce in the Appalachian subregion. Preventive measures. Injuries by this insect as well as by allied cutworms and the frequently associated grass webworms, is best prevented by midsummer or early fall plowing (the earlier the better the protection) of grass lands which are to be planted to corn the following season. Doctor Forbes recommends, in addition to the above, pasturing pigs on grass or clover lands to be plowed for corn, distributing by the aid of a seed drill, a line of dry bran or middlings poisoned with Paris green at the rate of 1 pound to 30 pounds of bran, or scattering poisoned food in the spring along the borders of the cornfields next to the grass. It should be unnecessary to add that the use of poisoned baits should be re- stricted to places where there is no danger of destroying domestic animals. Attacks by this class of pests can also be avoided by arranging the rotation, when possible, so that corn will not follow 16 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM grass. Planting more than the usual amount of seed may be justi- fied in certain cases, since this procedure might enable the farmer to secure a fair stand in spite of considerable injury. Bibliography 1674 Grote, ALAR. Can. Eni or. 1874 Morrison, H. K. “Bost, Soc.) Nat) Hust, Proce angenaa, 1893 Smith, J. B.. U. SocNat. Muss Bulk aap. mia 1893 Webster, F. M. Insect Life, 6:154-57. 1894 —————— Ohio Agric. Exp’t Sta. Bul. 51, p. 139~41. 1903 Holland, W. J. Moth Book, p. 168, D. 20, fig. to. EUROPEAN GRAIN MOTH OR WOLF MOTH Tinea granella Linn. The discovery of the European grain moth in a local seed ware- house adds another to the list of important cereal pests. This moth Fig. 1 European grain moth (enlarged, original) is regarded in England as a most serious enemy of stored grains, and according to Barrett, it may swarm to such an extent near grain warehouses as to excite popular wonder. It certainly pro- duced a bad condition of affairs at Albany in stored sweet corn, reducing the value of hundreds of bushels from $5 to 50 cents. Historical. This pest was discussed by Harris in 1841, though with no positive statement as to its occurrence in America. Glover studied this insect or one with similar habits in 1854. Chittenden is of the opinion that the species mentioned by Glover is Batra- chedra rileyi Wals. It was recorded as being on the wing by Clemens in 1859 and described as T. variatella. Packard, in 1877, classes it as an European importation. In the estimation of Chittenden, none of the above records are free from suspicion of one kind or another. Britton, in 1906, records this insect from Connecticut and states, on the authority of Doctor Howard, that it is known to occur in Canada and Michigan. It is probably dis- tributed throughout the northwestern states. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 17 Description. The moth is a grayish, irregularly dark brown spotted insect having a wing spread of about one-half inch. The coloration is quite variable, though the specimens present a fairly characteristic appearance. Larva. Length 7 mm. Head reddish brown, the body moder- ately stout, yellowish white and with sparse pale setae; the true legs and prolegs concolorous with the body. Cocoon masses. A most characteristic feature of injury by this pest is the peculiar masses of cocoons and frass in the vicinity of infested grain. These masses are about half an inch wide and from three-fourths of an inch to two or three inches in length, irregularly oval and a dull reddish brown color. They are com- posed of groups of cocoons, the meshes of the latter loosely filled Fig. 2 Kernels of corn Fig. 3 Cocoon masses eaten by European grain and exuviae of European moth (enlarged, original) ; grain moth (enlarged, orig- inal) with brownish, gnawed particles. The light brown pupae, prior to the disclosure of the adult, work about half way out of the masses, and one may frequently see such a mass with ten to fifteen or twenty pupal cases. The groups of cocoons may be so abundant as fairly to plaster considerable areas of adjacent walls. Life history and habits. This insect is generally credited in Europe with producing two broods annually. The females are said to deposit thirty or more eggs on various grains, the young caterpillars entering the kernels and, in the case of corn, displaying a marked preference for the softer and more nutritious germ. The individual caterpillars may attack several grains and seriously injure or spoil as many as twenty. On attaining maturity they forsake the grain, spin cocoons in masses as described above, and, in the case 18 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of the fall brood, winter in such retreats, the moths appearing in early spring. An examination of conditions in Albany in May 1913 resulted in our finding a number of larvae, both naked and in cases, and numerous recent cocoons on the outside of bags containing seed corn and within the bags, kernels with webbed particles of chewed grain attached thereto, were numerous. These conditions prevailed in a seed warehouse where there was no provision for heating during the winter. At the time of our visit there were thousands of moths upon the walls of the storeroom, two or three frequently within an inch of each other. On one wall there were many of the character- istic cocoon masses described above. Hosts of adults were obtained from material collected at this time, May 2oth and 21st, a few issuing as late as June 20th. Attempts to rear the insect were un- successful and it was therefore impossible to ascertain the time necessary for the production of a generation, though it would seem probable that breeding might be continuous throughout warm weather wherever conditions were favorable. , Food habits. This insect has been recorded as infesting all kinds of cereal grain, such as wheat, rye, oats and barley. There are records of its having been reared from dried fruits and woody fungus. Kearfott, in Smith’s List of New Jersey Insects, records obtaining the moths from larvae in tulip and crocus bulbs. Adults apparently indistinguishable from this grain pest have been reared by us from mushrooms. Distribution. This species is with little question a cosmopolitan form and is likely to appear wherever grain is shipped or handled in quantities, especially if it be stored at moderate temperatures for a considerable period. It has been recorded in literature from western-central Europe, northern Persia and Japan, North Africa, Australia and North America. Control measures. This species, like other cereal pests, is more likely to cause trouble in warehouses or other places where grains are held at moderate temperatures for extended periods. Seed houses are particularly liable to infestation if stock is carried over from season to season. The most obvious remedy is to avoid holding grains and seeds liable to attack, longer than necessary. This should be supplemented by care in cleaning out crevices or preventing the accumulation of grains in situations where the moths can breed unchecked. These measures should ordinarily suffice. Occasionally it may be necessary to resort to fumigation with either REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I913 I9 carbon bisulphid or hydrocyanic acid gas. A badly infested building might require several treatments, and owing to the habits of the pest, it is obvious that not much reliance can be placed upon fumigating the infested grain itself, since the insects leave it in large quantities prior to changing to the moth. It may, in some instances, be necessary to provide nearly gas-tight rooms for the storage of grain, so that in cases of serious infestation the apart- ment and its contents can be easily and safely fumigated. Another method of obtaining the same end is by making provision for heat- ing storage quarters to a temperature of 120 degrees and holding it there for at least 30 minutes. This has been tried on an ex- tensive scale in flour mills with very satisfactory results. It is perhaps needless to add that the resistance of seeds to this treat- -ment should be carefully ascertained before the method is exten- sively used in seed warehouses. Bibliography Below are given a few of the more important references to American literature relating to this species: 1895 Chittenden, F. H. Year Book, U. S. Dep’t Agric, p. 286-87. 1897 ——————. U.. S.. Dep’t Agric., Div. Ent. Bul. 8, n. s., 31:35. 1906 Britton, W. E. 6th Rep’t of Conn. State Ent., p. 234, 294-95, 305. RHODODENDRON CLEAR-WING Sesia rhododendri Beutm. Wilting or yellow rhododendron leaves are signs which may indicate the work of the whitish caterpillar of this species, particu- larly if the evidences of injury are confined to a branch or por- tion of a stem. This borer limits its operations largely to stems or branches a foot or more above the ground. It appears to be gen- erally distributed in the New York Zoological Park as shown by specimens forwarded by Mr Herman W. Merkel, and Mr G. P. Engelhardt of the Children’s Museum informs us that it is common in and about Prospect Park, Brooklyn. The species has also been recorded from Cheltenham, Pa., and, according to its describer, is Casely allied to.5. py 1d “Harr andsS.csicitu.var barr: Habits and life history. The young larva frequently works just under the bark and in the sapwood, excavating an irregular, longi- tudinal, more or less frass-filled gallery some 3 inches in length and terminating in an irregular, oval, sparsely silk lined cell about three- eighths of an inch long where the insect evidently hibernates. This borer shows a marked tendency to excavate one or two broad, short, 20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM transverse galleries, possibly designed to girdle the infested twig partly and thus reduce its vitality. This species has been studied by Mr Engelhardt, who has kindly placed at our disposal the following notes respecting its life history. The moths begin to emerge during the last week of May but more generally appear during the first half of June. Eggs are deposited singly on small twigs, though on the trunks and branches of large plants they occur in numbers in close proximity. The larva at first attacks the inner bark, working gradually through the cambium layer into the sapwood, forming ir- regular galleries I to 2 inches in extent. Late in August the young larva is about one-half grown, and the last of October many may be full size. The larva remains dor- mant within its gallery during the winter and early in the spring be- gins to prepare a place for pupation. This consists of a tunnel reaching from a lower chamber in the sap- wood, up through the outer bark, leaving a thin, circular layer at the opening through which the imago can easily escape. The larva in- closes itself in its lower chamber within a slight cocoon composed of small chips of wood and silk. The change to the pupa takes place in May, this stage lasting about fif- Fig. 4 Work of rhododendron teen days. clear-wing borer in stems (natural Young plants or small twigs aa size, original) frequently girdled and soon wilt and die. Larger stems are more resistant, but on account of the preference of the insect for places previously attacked, the injury increases from year to year and eventually results in death. Large plants show ugly scars on the trunk and branches. These may be either devoid of bark or loosely covered with dead and perforated pieces. There may also be more or less fine, yellow, granular, not powdery borings thrown out by the caterpillars. The plants are rarely injured within one foot of the ground. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 21 Mountain laurel and azalea are also attacked, though according to the observations of Mr Engelhardt only when they grow with rhododendrons. This insect is subject to attack by a parasitic wasp, apparently a species of Macrocentrus which Mr Engelhardt reared from in- fested branches. The downy woodpecker destroys many of the larvae, though not without inflicting deep wounds which may result in more injury than that caused by the operations of the insect. Description. Larva, partly grown. Length 8 mm, diameter 1.3 mm. Head yellowish red, the anterior portion and the mouth parts a variable reddish brown. Antennae biarticulate, light reddish brown; eye spots dark brown. Thoracic shield semitransparent. The body sparsely and finely haired, smooth, and mostly whitish transparent, except for the reddish brown intestinal contents; ter- minal segment yellowish transparent and bearing a series of moder- ately stout, yellowish brown hairs; true legs yellowish brown; pro- legs on segments 3 to 6 whitish transparent, the hooklets light brown, the anal pair apparently rudimentary. Control measures. The most effective method of controlling this insect is to prune out thoroughly and burn all dead or infested portions of bushes during the winter or fall. If it is desirable to preserve large plants, Mr Engelhardt suggests first scraping the injured portions and then applying a coat of thick tar paint, one application in the fall as a repellent to woodpeckers, and another in the spring, preferably in late April or early May, to prevent the emergence of the moths. Bibliography 1909 Beutenmueller, William. Ent. News, 20 :82-83. AZALEA LEAF SKELETONIZER Gracilaria agaleae Busck 1914 Busck, August. Insec. Inscit. Menstr. 2:1-2. Several complaints were received during the winter of 1911 from. men interested in greenhouses in Yonkers and Rochester, to the effect that azaleas were being seriously injured by a small cater- pillar. Mr August Busck of the United States National Museum, a specialist in the Microlepidoptera, concluded that the species was not of European origin but represented a new American form. Life history and habits. The small, yellowish, nearly full-grown caterpillars only about one-fourth of an inch long, usually turn over the tip of an azalea leaf, webbing it down with fine, silken strands 22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM and eating away the tissues of the infolding under side. The in- jured portion turns dry and the retreat contains numerous small, black particles of frass. The young larvae are probably miners in the leaf. The whitish, silken cocoons in which the final transfor- mations occur, are frequently made on the leaves close to the affected area, though an occasional cocoon is spun under the partly rolled leaf tip. Moths were reared March 25, 1912 and, judging from reports received from various persons, it is probable that breeding may be more or less continuous under the usual greenhouse con- ditions. Description. The parent insect is a delicate moth with a wing spread of only about three-eighths of an inch. The forewings are yellowish, with large, purplish areas and a series of purplish dots along the costal margin of the broad, yellowish portion. The hind wings are slender, light pearly gray and long-fringed. This species, according to Mr Busck, is allied to G. violacella Clem. © Larva. Length, one-fourth of an inch. Head unusually large, depressed, yellowish, the mouth parts well developed and the eyes apparently represented by a large, circular, brown spot. Thoracic legs well developed. Thorax yellowish and with the region just above each leg marked by several distinct swellings. Abdomen apodal, yellowish, and with a distinct though irregular fuscous band on the penultimate segment. Cocoon. This is nearly one-fourth of an inch long, about three- thirty-seconds of an inch in diameter and faintly suggests the familiar Bucculatrix cocoon, though there are no distinct longi- tudinal ribs. It is a well-defined, thin, silken structure usually lying longitudinally on the under side of the leaf and frequently “covering more or less of the mined area. Remedial measures. Treatment with tobacco preparations, either by fumigation or spraying, appears to be a very effective method of controlling this insect, since practically no caterpillars were to be found in greenhouses after such treatment. It is not known whether spraying or fumigation gave the best results. ARBOR VITAE LEAF MINER Argyresthia thuiella Packard The small caterpillar of the arbor vitae leaf miner limits its operations largely to mining the terminal sprays of arbor vitae foliage and causing the latter to turn brown. There is, as a rule, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 23 more disfiguration than damage, since there is generally only a small portion of the foliage involved. Habits and life history. Early last June our attention was called to the work of this insect (kindly determined by Mr W. D. Kearfott) by Mr Henry Hicks, Westbury, N. Y., because of its being so numerous that the browned, mined leaves rendered many ornamental arbor vitae unsightly and therefore unsatisfactory. Occasionally this insect may become so abundant as to affect a considerable proportion of the foliage and give infested trees a rusty, brown appearance. The operations of the pest are usually confined to a terminal half inch of leaves here and there, and sometimes its work is so restricted as to involve only one-half of a portion of the leaflet. Transformation to the pupa occurs in the mine, the moth emerg- ing therefrom about the midde of June, the dates in our rearings rang- ing from the oth to the 17th. There seems to be an erroneous association bye Packard: 6t this: adult: with: .4 cocoon and, with this in mind, there may be a question as to his having described the true larva of this species. Keartott * states ofa closely Re Ge (oe acbor wee ailied-species, Recurvaria tht- owing fipelinjercdby tae deat jaella Kear., that the eggs are de- miner (natural size, original ) posited in the summer, the young larvae begin mining the leaves of the preceding year and eventually transform within the mines, the moths appearing in June. We found nearly full-grown larvae next to the green portion of browned leaf- lets October 14th and have reared this species from the leaves of Juniperus utahensis, kindly forwarded by Prof. E. Bethel of Denver, Col. This is probably a fairly correct outline of the life history of the species under consideration. A. thuiella has also been reared, we are informed by Mr Kearfott, by the late Professor mingeriand. “A ~patasite, Pentocneimus bbe cula trrcis How., kindly determined by Messrs Howard and Crawford, was reared from leaves infested by this leaf miner. + 1003, NY.) Ent. Soc. : Jour, £1 2154-55. 24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Larva. Length 2.5 mm. Head a variable yellowish and dark brown, mostly the latter, the mouth parts yellowish brown. Thor- acic shield pale brownish yellow with an irregular, quadrate, median area a variable dark brown. Body smooth, a nearly uniform yel- lowish white, the anal shield fuscous yellowish, with irregular, dark brown areas on the median line anteriorly and sublaterally poster- iorly. Moderately long, sparse, whitish hairs occur on both the head and body. ‘True legs and prolegs pale yellowish, the hooks of the latter yellowish brown. Described from living caterpillars October 14, 1913. Remedial measures. The cutting off and burning of the infested leaves during fall or early spring would undoubtedly result in destroying many of the pests and, if persistently followed up, might prove the most satisfactory method of controlling the insect. It is very possible that thorough spraying with a contact insecticide, such as black leaf 4o (diluted approximately 1 to 800) to which soap has been added to increase its adhesiveness, would prove effective if the application were made early in July for the purpose of destroying the young caterpillars before they are well shel- tered by the leaf tissues. Bibliography 1871 Packard, A. S. Inj. & Benef. Ins. Mass., Ist Rep’t, p. 24-26 (Buc- culatrix). 1872 Riley, C. V. Ins. Mo., 4th Rep’t p. 51 (Bucculatrix). 1890 Packard, A..S. U.S. Ent. Comm., 5th Rep’t, p. 917-18 (Bucculatrix). WHITE GRUBS AND JUNE BEETLES The extensive injury of last year by white grubs was followed by a considerable disappearance of the pests last spring, due in part, at least, to the activity of natural enemies and the influence of other adverse factors. It would appear from conditions as they now exist that comparatively few white grubs will be found in the soil in 1915, owing to the fact that no very large number lived through the season and could therefore be expected to appear as beetles in the spring of 1914. Observations of 1913. A sample digging in a slight hollow on the farm of Mr W. S. Miller, East Greenbush, included approxi- mately one and one-half square feet and uncovered nine nearly full-grown white grubs, four adults of Lachnosterna fusca Froh. and the cocoon of a parasite, probably that of Tiphia inornata Say. Most of the insects were found at a depth of approximately 15 inches. A second sample digging near the first REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQ13 25 resulted in securing five full-grown grubs and two Tiphia cocoons. A third digging comprising about 1 square foot produced only three grubs. The occurrence of a few beetles in these and other diggings suggests the possibility that a few individuals of L. fusca may complete the life cycle in two years, as Davis has found to be the case with L. tristis Fabr. The most interestitfg development of the season was on the farm of Mr Jesse Weaver in East Schodack. Here were found, April 24th, large numbers of a stout, white maggot, the larvae of a bee fly or a robber fly. The abundance of this enemy is evidenced by the following data. The turning of four furrows each a few feet long and in a field badly infested with white grubs the preceding season, resulted in finding one adult, Lachnosterna fusca, nine white grubs, four Tiphia cocoons and twenty-six of the Dipterous maggots. The white grubs and the maggots occurred at an approximate depth of 4 to 6 or 7 inches. The above numbers are fairly indicative of the relative abundance of the grubs and maggots. The latter were mostly moderately large and stout, though a few were about half the size of the larger ones. Prac- tically all were in a vigorous condition and were most abundant in portions of the field which had been very badly infested by white grubs the preceding season. They were presumably important factors in destroying these grass pests. Similar conditions obtained June 18th in an adjoining field belong- ing to Mrs Kane. There was, as in the other case, a marked restriction of the maggots to grass areas which had been seriously affected by white grubs the preceding season and, as a rule, where maggots were numerous few white grubs were to be found, while the latter were relatively more numerous where there were no maggots. The most obvious explanation of this condition is that the parent flies oviposited freely in the badly infested areas, and as a result most of the white grubs were destroyed, while the sparsely infested parts of the field were largely overlooked by the flies, and as a consequence the grubs were relatively more abundant last spring. The probability of these maggots preying upon white grubs was well shown by the fact that in one box a maggot was observed actually attached to a white grub, while in other instances there was a marked mortality among white grubs confined in breed- ing jars in which there were a number of these Dipterous larvae. The proportion of the two forms is shown by a collection of seventy-nine maggots and fifty-five white grubs as a result of fol- lowing the plow for less than two hours. There appeared to be 26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM no difference between these maggots and the ones collected in April, and an examination of a breeding jar July 21st showed a continuation of the larval existence. September 13th maggots were again found on the farm of Mr Weaver and adults of Pro- machus fitchii O.S. were reared in April 1914, indicating a three year life cycle. Larva. Length 2.5 cm, diameter 5 to 6 mm, whitish or pale yellowish white, slightly thickened near the middle and tapering somewhat toward both extremities, especially posteriorly, the seg- mentation distinct. Head small, partly retracted, brown to dark brown, approximately conical, the prominent mouth parts forming the anterior half; mandibles stout, slightly decurved, tapering to an obtuse extremity and practically inclosing the slender, minutely and retrosely barbed, lancetlike maxillae; antennae inserted at the base of the mandibles, short, stout, biarticulate, the basal segment disk-shaped, the apical one narrowly oval; a slender seta above and near the base of the antennae; clypeus V-shaped; the epicranium with an irregular series of stout, proclinate setae. Body walls firm, shightly wrinkled, shining. A well-developed circular spiracle with two slitlike orifices occurs near the posterior fourth on the first body segment, and larger spiracles near the middle and subdorsally on the penultimate segment, the latter circular and with but one orifice; terminal segment tapering, broadly rounded, with two pairs of sublateral slender setae near the anterior third and two pairs of sub- median setae at the posterior extremity, one pair being just above the lateral line, the other just below; ventral surface of the last two segments excavated to form a median elongate rounded de- pression, margined laterally and posteriorly by broadly rounded ridges. SPOTTED HEMLOCK BORER Melanophila fulvoguttata Harr. Early last spring our attention was called to dying hemlocks in the New York Botanical Garden, and an investigation showed a serious infestation by the spotted hemlock borer. Dr W. A. Murrill, acting director, stated that five hundred dead trees had been cut out during the past two years, most of them probably having been killed by this insect. Dying hemlocks were also noted in adjacent territory and at Tarrytown, the trouble in some instances, at least, being due to the operations of this insect. The severity of the attack was such that one hundred and twenty-seven beetles and seventy-two parasites were reared from a section of a log about 2% feet long and 12 inches in diameter.. The tree from which this was cut was infested from the very base of the trunk nearly to the top, the inner bark of the lower portion:being badly riddled by the galleries. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 27 This insect is credited by Burke with having caused the death of a large amount of hemlock timber throughout the Appalachian and Northeastern States. About 1900 we received reports of dying hemlocks from near Syracuse. An investigation of burned areas in the Adirondacks during early July 1903 showed that beetles were then ovipositing in dying and dead trees on tracts near Big Moose which had been swept by fire April 30th. An examination on August 10th resulted in finding some trees, untouched in July, infested by the borers. ‘This species has also been recorded from spruce, though no records of serious injury by it to this tree have come to our notice. Description. The beetle is about three-eighths of an inch long and has a dark metallic color with grayish reflections above the mouth. The head, thorax and wing covers are marked with some- what coarse, irregular, transverse punctures slightly resembling the graining of morocco leather. Each wing cover bears three more or less distinct, nearly circular or lenticular-shaped, yellowish or white. spots. Pupa. Length, three-eighths of an inch, moderately stout, flat- tened, and of the ordinary Buprestid shape. The older pupa shows a distinct infuscation of the eyes, labium, mandibles and the basal portion of the anterior and mid tibiae. The nearly mature pupa shows most of the color of the beetle, the wing covers apparently darkening last. Larva. Length five-eighths of an inch, white, moderately slender, the second thoracic segment distinctly enlarged and with yellowish brown thickenings dorsally and ventrally. The mouth parts of the head are more or less fuscous. Life history. The beetle is mostly a midsummer species occur- ring in New York State the latter part of June and during July, though Dr A. D. Hopkins records taking the adults in West Virginia late in March and during May, June and July. Specimens reared under insectary conditions began issuing April 4th, appeared in numbers April 17th to 28th and continued to emerge until May 14th —a total of nearly seven weeks. Beetles in the State col- lection and taken in the open bear dates from the last of June to the latter part of July. The eggs are evidently laid in crevices of the bark, sometimes in pairs, since the young larvae make slender, sinuous galleries diverging from one point in the inner bark, the presumably com- mon entrance of the two. The older larvae excavate broader and 28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM more irregular, partly frass-filled burrows which frequently run into each other and most effectively girdle badly infested trunks. Our observations indicate a preference on the part of the insect for the thicker bark of the lower portion of the tree, since the borers in this latter situation were nearly twice the size of those found under the thinner bark of upper part of the trunk. It is Fig. 6 Work of spotted hemlock borer; note two galleries originating from near a common point; galleries of adult and larva in section shown in upper corner (natural size, original) possible that the latter come from later deposited eggs. The full- grown larvae winter in the galleries and in the spring pupate in shallow cells excavated in the outer bark. The beetles emerge through obliquely oval holes with a major diameter of about one- eighth of an inch. | REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 29 Distribution. This species occurs throughout the middle and northern part of the United States, being very abundant about Lake Superior, according to Le Conte. It has been taken by Mrs Slosson on Mount Washington and appears to be prevalent in the Appalachian region. Parasites. The material obtained from New York, as noted above, produced a considerable number of parasites, by far the most abundant being Odontaulacus bilobatus Prov., the exposed pupae of which may be found in small cells within the bark. The light brown, narrowly oval, papery cocoons about one- half an inch long, of Bracon pectinator Say, were found singly or in clusters in the galleries of this insect and the adult ieaeecds third patasite, Spathius trifasciatus Riley, was also obtained. The borings of this beetle were inhabited by the pinkish larvae of a gall midge, Camptomyia tsugae Felt. This latter species occurred in some numbers and probably subsists upon the dead or decaying woody tissues. Aulacus mueaminai?s Cress, Bracon -pectinator Say and Eupelmus cleri Ashm. have been reared by Doctor Hopkins from wood infested by this borer. He also took upon the infested bark, specimens of Xylonomus insularis Cress. Control measures. The most effective method of checking this borer under ordinary conditions is to cut out all dead or sickly trees and burn the thicker bark, at least, during winter or early spring. Hemlocks injured by fire or wind storms, after April Ist, may well be left as trap trees and removed the following winter. Bibliography 1841 Harris, T. W. Treatise Ins. N. E., p. 44 (Buprestis) (3d ed., p. 50). 1881 Packard, A. S. U.S. Ent. Comm., Bul. 7, p. 150. 1883 —————-_ U.. S.. Ent. Comm., 3d Rep’t, p. 253-55 (Melanophila species). 1890 ——————._ U. S. Ent. Comm., 5th Rep’t, p. 684. 1893 Hopkins, A, D. W. Va. Agric. Exp’t Sta. Bul. 32, p. 182, 216, 218, BIO; 225. 1898 ——————_ Soc. Prom. Agric. Sci. Proc., p. 105. 1899 ——————_ W. Va. Agric. Exp’t Sta. Bul. 56, p. 255, 420. 1904 ——————__ U. S.. Dep’t Agric., Div. Ent. Bul. 48, p. 38. 1904 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 76, p. 171-72. 1906 —————— _N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 8, 2:339, 390-01. 1909 Smith, J. B. Ins. N. J., p. 202. 1909 Burke, H. E. U.S. Dep’t Agric. Year Book, p. 405-6. 30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM WHITE PINE WEEVIL Pissodes strobi Peck The extensive planting of white pines in the reforestation work of recent years has produced conditions very favorable for this weevil, since the pest breeds by preference in vigorous shoots of trees 2 to 10 or 15 feet high. The species is widely distributed and quickly establishes itself throughout even large plantings. There appears to be no practical way of preventing this invasion of reforested areas. The beetles feed upon the vigorous shoots of the previous year’s growth, placing their eggs in shallow pits just under the bark. The white, brown-headed grubs hatching there- from soon destroy most of the vital tissues, killing many leaders and practically ruining the young trees. Signs of injury. A serious infestation is liable to result in many leaders turning brown and dying in early July. Affected shoots have the inner bark and more or less of the sapwood riddled by irregular galleries partly filled with borings. The first evidences of attack in the spring are drops of resin or pitch exuding from small punctures made by the beetles, the severity of the damage depending upon the extent of feeding and the number of eggs deposited. An examination of a recent planting at Cooperstown, N. Y., July 8, 1913 showed all gradations of injury from wilting leaders to those which had been entirely destroyed. Occasionally a young tree bore pitch masses an inch or two below the uppermost ring of branches, and in such cases the leaders were usually infested. In cases where the injury extended for perhaps 3 or 4 inches along the stem there was a distinct shortening of the new growth with a corresponding massing of the needles. This looked a little as though there might have been a fungous infection, though an examination showed that the trouble was with little question due to the work of the weevil. Unless the grubs are numerous enough to girdle the leaders partly, there seems to be a fair chance of the shoot recovering from the attack and developing satisfactorily the following year. Description. The parent insect is a snout beetle about one- fourth of an inch long, reddish brown to dark brown, with a peculiar whitish spot near the posterior third of each wing cover and white mottlings upon the sides and the legs. The globular eggs are whitish transparent, about one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter, and are placed just under the bark. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 31 The grubs are moderately stout, white, footless borers, with a brownish head, and when full grown are about three-eighths of an inch long. The creamy white pupa is about one-quarter of a inch long, white, except for the dark brown eyes and the brownish tips of the jaws. It may be easily recognized by the stout beak lying against the breast. The tip of the last abdominal segment bears a pair of slender, curved spines. As the pupa attains maturity the color of the beetle begins to appear. Life history. The weevils commonly winter in any available shelter and, according to observations upon allied forms abroad and in this country, it is probable that the beetles live two or three years, depositing eggs each season. The lat- ter are usualy placed in the leading shoots during May and June. An examination at Cooperstown May 21, 1913 showed _ that many of the leading shoots bore feeding punctures and a num- mer’ of eges » were found, although the season was cold and backward. The eggs are said to hatch in from six to ten days, and the small, white grubs at first feed upon the inner bark and sometimes extend their operations down to portions of the stem two yeafs old. At Cooperstown July 8th there were numerous full-grown grubs in the cells and about Io per cent of the shoots in the planting had been killed. The grubs are some- times so numerous in a stem as fairly to riddle the inner bark and, in some instances, there is hardly room enough for the oval pupal cells, each about one-quarter of an inch long. The beetles escape from the shoots the latter part of July through to early September. It is well known that the weevils persist throughout the season, they being more abundant, according to our collections, from the Fig. 7 Pupal cells of white pine weevil (natural size, original) 32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM middle to the latter part of June and from the oth to the latter part of August. This pest displays a marked preference for the more vigorous leaders of white pine, though it also attacks pitch pine and spruce. Natural enemies. This borer is preyed upon by woodpeckers and a number of parasitic insects. The latter should be protected and allowed to escape wherever practical. Preventives and remedies. Cutting out and burning the infested leaders in midsummer, if systematically followed, will result in material benefit. It 1s well to delay this operation until pupae have begun to develop, since it will then be easier to recognize the in- fested leaders and there will be little or no danger of weevils escaping. Generally speaking, from the middle to the latter part of July will be the best time for this work. The infested shoots should be placed in a barrel laid upon its side, or other receptacle, and the open end covered with ordinary wire screen (one-tenth inch) fine enough to prevent the escape of the weevils and yet allow the issuance of parasites. It is desirable to leave these infested tips among the trees so that the parasites will have less difficulty in finding their natural prey. The difficulty with the procedure described sate is that one generation at least is allowed to injure the trees before much is accomplished. Earlier collecting in the field showed a surprising scarcity of weevils on trees which had been systematically gone over. The fact that adults may live two or even three years and deposit eggs each season, makes it even more desirable that they should be destroyed early. It is comparatively easy to beat the weevils from small trees into a moderate to fair sized_insect net. In cooperation with Mr Waldo C. Johnston of Cooperstown this method was tried on an area of fifty acres set with about 60,000 pines. The work was started a little late, namely about May 2ist, and the trees carefully collected over four times at intervals of approximately four or five days, each. At the outset two to four weevils were caught on each tree, and toward the last only one or two insects for each row of probably 400 trees would be obtained. The cost of these four collections amounted to $64 or only $1.28 an acre. An examination July 8th resulted in our not being able to find any weevils on the pines. It is very probable that three collectings, particularly if the first was a little earlier, namely the first or second week in May and the other two at about ten day intervals, would have resulted in capturing most of the weevils at REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 33 a comparatively slight expense. The probabilities are that relatively few insects will occur upon the trees another season and only one or two collections may be necessary to secure practical immunity for the planting until the trees attain a size which will make them immune from serious injury. There is no reason why, with im- proved devices, the cost of this operation could not be materially lowered. | : HICKORY BARK BORER Eccoptogaster quadrispinosa Say The operations of the destructive hickory bark borer have been followed another season in the vicinity.of New York City, and it is gratifying to state that in a general way the injury has not been so severe as in 1912. This is probably due in part to natural causes, since several localities were found the preceding season where the young grubs had evidently been destroyed by natural agents. In some instances this beneficial result was undoubtedly due to the activities of a small parasite and in other cases only Dipterous maggots, possibly a species of Medeterus, were found in the otherwise empty galleries. Last season some adults were observed near New York entering the trees and laying eggs about July roth, and an examination July 16th, of two hickories with trunk diameters of approximately 7 or 8 inches showed that practically all the leaves of one tree had wilted and those of the upper portion of the other. This injury was so general that it could not be attributed to petiole infestation. An ex- amination the next day on Long Island showed other trees in a similar condition. In this latter case the galleries of the larvae extended from one-half to one and one-fourth inches from the parental burrow. In both cases the trees had been attacked by so many insects that they were speedily girdled, and an examination of the Bronxville trees September 24th showed that both were dead, although they were in excellent condition the preceding summer. There was no evidence of any material injury to these trees prior to 1913. Continued work with remedial applications has shown little or no material injury from the use of a 10 per cent Barcurol solution upon the trunk, and decided benefit so far as destroying beetles, eggs or young grubs are concerned. This treatment, in order to be most effective, should be made as soon as possible after the beetles have entered the tree, otherwise there is danger of the grubs work- ing so far into the tissues as to be unaffected by the insecticide. 34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Inasmuch as the beetles may attack trees in force during a period of several weeks, it is obviously desirable to watch closely for the appearance of the pest. Through the courtesy of Mr Herman W. Merkel, forester of the New York Zoological Park, we were allowed to examine some small hickories treated with 25 and 50 per cent solutions of Barcurol, and also one painted with the undiluted material. It was found that the 25 per cent solution caused little injury to the tissues beyond the area traversed by the borers, and that a considerable proportion of the grubs was destroyed. The 50 per cent solution and the un- diluted material, however, penetrated the galleries readily and then soaked to a depth of half an inch or so into the inner bark and sapwood and laterally to a distance of one and one-half inches from the gallery. It is therefore obvious that the stronger preparations can hardly be advised for this purpose. Drought and borer injury. Serious injury by the hickory bark borer began to develop at Geneseo in 1898, and by 1900 many trees, located for the most part on moderately low, naturally moist soil, had died. Unfortunately, weather records for that locality are not complete. It is worthy of note that at nearby Avon from April to June 1896 there was a deficiency of over 1 inch for each of these months, the record being as follows: April, 1.05; May, 1.98; June, 1.97 inches. Approximately the same conditions obtained in 1897, the precipitation being, April, 1.21; May, 1.75 and June, 1.96 inches. These figures should be compared with the normal precipitation for these months, which is: April, 2.09; May, 2.64 and June, 3.22 inches. The total precipitation for this year was only 20.36 inches, while that for 1899 was but 19.35, the normal being 29.46. The data are not so extended as could be desired, but are nevertheless somewhat suggestive. The outbreak by the hickory bark beetle in New York and vicinity began about 1908 and had greatly extended its area and become rather general by 1912. An examination of the weather bureau records in New York City shows an interesting condition. From 1906 to 1912 inclusive there has been a deficient rainfall except for the year 1907 alone, at which time there we. an excess of only half an inch. The total deficiency during this period amounted to 28.56 inches. The most marked deficiency for any year was in 1910, with a precipitation 8.75 inches below the normal, a reduction of approximately one-fifth. A scrutiny of the monthly precipitation shows that in 1906 the scarcity of rainfall occurred mostly from COL REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q1I3 3 June to September, there being during these months from an inch to nearly.an inch and a half less than the normal precipitation. The next year, 1907, although there was a slight increase in the annual precipitation, there was a considerable shortage for the months of July and August, this amounting respectively to 3.36 and 2.05 inches. In 1908 there was a shortage of 1.56, 1.99 and 1.79 inches for the months of June, September and October respectively. The following year, 1909, there was a scarcity of rain during May, June and July, amounting respectively to 1.46, .og and 2.56 inches, there being an excess of 3.41 in August, and a shortage in September of 0.93. In 1910 there was a shortage in May of 1.52 inches, an excess in June of 1.84 and a shortage in July, August and Septem- ber amounting respectively to 4.31, 2.40 and 2.16 inches. The slight excess in June could hardly offset the large deficit of July and the continued scarcity in August and September. Again, in 1911 there was a deficient precipitation in May, July and September, amounting respectively to 2.27, 2.99 and 2.08 inches, while in 1912 there was a deficiency from June to September, amounting to 2.09, 1.28, 1.76 and 0.21 inches, for the four months in the order named. It will be noted from the above facts, although the deficiency during this period was not as a whole very excessive, it was pro- gressive and the shrinkage in rainfall almost invariably came during the growing months and at times most likely to affect vegetation adversely. The general result in this region was abundantly evidenced by the unfavorable condition of the trees throughout the section, it being particularly marked in I910 and 1911 and was accompanied by an abnormal scarcity of water. Many cities and villages in this general region suffered about this time from a severe shortage of water. A number of trees, particularly soft maples and others standing in naturally moderately moist, low localities, died, the major cause probably being scarcity of moisture. With the above facts in mind, it seems very reasonable to believe that these unfavorable climatic conditions may have reacted upon our hickories, reducing their normal resistance considerably and resulting in conditions which were extremely favorable to the multi- plication of bark boress and the subsequent destruction of many trees which would otherwise have survived. There are doubtless other factors which may be primary in bark borer attacks, especially in extended forest areas. Fires, wind storms and injudicious cutting may precipitate an outbreak by pro- ducing conditions favorable for the development of hosts of these in- 2 36 . NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM sects. Such is very likely to be followed by attacks upon trees which, under normal conditions, would escape unharmed. Causes such as those just mentioned are rare in the less thickly wooded and more settled sections where extended, close stands of timber and extensive logging operations are almost unknown. It is in just such regions as these that severe droughts are most prevalent and injurious, and in such localities it seems very probable that a great scarcity of moisture for an extended period may be an important primary cause in inducing serious injury by bark borers. PITTED AMBROSIA BEETLE Corthylus punctatissimus Zimm. The work of the pitted ambrosia beetle is indicated by wilting or dead shoots easily broken off near the surface of the ground and revealing a series of blackened, closely set, nearly horizontal gal- leries some one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter and frequently containing, especially in the vertical brood chambers, stout, cylindric, black beetles about one-eighth of an inch long. This borer, work- ing, as it does, at the base of the shoots, weakens the entire stem, while the rhododendron clear-wing, noticed elsewhere in this re- port, may limit its injuries to portions of a shoot and its galleries are rarely within a foot of the ground. The hybrid rhododendrons appear to be exempt from attack. Injuries. An examination September 24th of conditions on the estate of Mr C. H. Matthiessen, Irvington, N. Y., showed that portions of rhododendron beds 50 to 150 feet in length which, it was stated, had earlier been in a thriving condition, and standing from 3 to 5 feet high were then in a very unsatisfactory condition. Few of the shoots were over 2 feet in height, there were open places here and there and sickly or wilting shoots were plainly in evidence. Mr Matthiessen stated that this trouble has been apparent upon his place for several years and that, in his opinion, much of the injury due to this beetle had been blamed by growers, upon drought and other untoward conditions. The stems attacked varied in diameter from approximately half an inch to an inch or an inch and one-fourth. Specimens received from Mr Charles Goodyear, Rockwood, Tarrytown, showed that this borer is also at work there, though examinations of rhododendrons in the New York Zoological Garden and in Prospect Park, Brooklyn, have failed to reveal the presence of this beetle. There is an extremely interesting record of injury by this species REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q1I3 KYA in 1882. Dr C. Hart Merriam states that about the first of August he observed that a large percentage of the sugar maple under growth in Lewis county appeared to be dying, the leaves drooped, withered, finally shriveled and died. Most of the seedlings attacked were about a half an inch in diameter. He estimated that hundreds of thousands of young sugar maples were killed in that locality: This outbreak was evidently sporadic in nature, since there have been no records of serious injury subsequently. . Description. The original description of this borer is as follows: Long. 1% lin. Short, thick, compressed, shining black, antennae and feet ferruginous ; front glabrous; prothorax roughly tuberculate in front, shining behind, with fine sparse punctures; elytra punc- tured strongly, but not in rows, behind rounded, without furrows or teeth. Dr A. D. Hopkins, in describing the allied C. columbianus Hopk. states that in C. punctatissimus the head of the female is deeply and coarsely punctured in front, the declivity of the elytra plain, and that the middle and hind tibiae have only three teeth near the tip. Galleries. The beetles enter the side of the stem at or below the surface of the thick mulch, through a circular hole about one- sixteenth of an inch in diameter. This may be more or less oblique and opens into a more or less regular series of circular, closely placed, horizontal galleries. These latter may be so numerous as to leave only a very thin shelter of bark with a little of the outer sapwood externally and almost no direct longitudinal wood fibers between the outer and the inner horizontal galleries. From each of these galleries there are a series of vertical brood chambers, each about one-eighth of an inch long, and there is usually one or more vertical or nearly vertical galleries which may lead to a lower or upper series of workings, not infrequently both. These galleries may be easily recognized by reference to the figure, on account of their regular plan and the characteristically blackened walls. The operations of this insect are confined to parts of the plant within 3 inches above the ground, and so far as our observations go, do not penetrate the roots, though the lowest galleries may approach very closely to the crown. Life history and habits. The life history of this species has not been worked out in detail. Dr C. Hart Merriam first studied the insect in sugar maple and has faithfully described its method of work. It is perhaps significant that his attention was not attracted to the operations of the insect until early in August. Dr E. A. 38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Schwarz studied the operations of this insect in the common huckle- berry and states that it occurs here and there in huckleberry beds and is apparently very local. His explanation for this condition is that the beetles are probably subterranean, appearing only rarely above the ground, apparently being very much at home in the soil. He states that the adults winter either in the larval chambers or special hibernating galleries. He found as many as fifteen larval cells in one stem. Dr A. D. Hopkins records adults and pupae of this species August 19, 1893 in Wisconsin, while our observations the latter part of September 1913 resulted in finding no larvae and only a very few pupae, most of the insects having changed to adults. An examination of one rhododendron stem only half an inch in diameter resulted in finding twenty-four brood chambers opening from one series of galleries. Two and three series of galleries in stems of this size or larger, should mean fifty to seventy-five beetles, re- spectively. This gives an idea of the prolificacy of the insect and explains the death of badly affected shoots. A practical point in regard to this insect as a rhododendron enemy is that Fig. 8 ements its operations appear to be confined largely to sections of rhodo- Shaded localities where there is an abundant dendron stem show- mulch. Sunny, grassy areas which obviously ing work of pitted afford comparatively little shelter are practic- ambrosia —_— beetle ally free from injury. Doctor Hopkins points aes size, 0r'8 out that not all shrubs attacked by this beetle succumb, since he has found galleries of this species deeply imbedded in growing wood, an indication of infesta- tion years before. This is probably true of only the slighter in- festations and does not necessarily apply to rhododendrons. Food plants. This borer has been found in sugar maple (Acer saccharum), sassafras, dogwood (Cornus), water-beech (Car- pinus), ironwood (Ostrya), hazel (Corylus), huckleberry (Gay- lussacia resinosa ), and Rhododendron. Distribution. This borer appears to be widely distributed, it having been recorded from points in the eastern, middle, southern and western United States. Remedies. The most obvious method of control is to cut out the wilting infested stems and burn them. Care should be taken to avoid | breaking the shoots at the point of injury and thus allowing a num- ber of the beetles to fall out of the galleries and make their way REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QT3 39 to nearby stems. Systematic cutting out of weakened plants is advisable in most cases and, as a rule, no special expense will be necessary to check this pest. Bibliography. An extended bibliography accompanied by a record of distribution and food plants is given in Museum Bulletin 134, page 91, to which the reader in search of further information is referred. CACTUS MIDGE Itonida opuntiae Felt Species of Opuntia, the flat-leaved, oval cacti, not the columnar forms, may be injured by the deep red larvae of the cactus midge and most seriously affected by a bacterial or fungous trouble which gains access to the inner tissues through the injuries. The fungus or bacterium is by far the most destructive and is apparently de- pendent for favorable media, so far as cacti are concerned, upon the work of the midge larvae. Signs of injury. Infestation is first indicated by an indistinct swelling, usually at the base of a spine, presenting so few character- istics that the person in charge of the plants and therefore familiar with the work of the insect, could not be certain of the presence of maggots without cutting into the tissues. This swelling gradually becomes somewhat larger and eventually an opening appears. The maggots work themselves out and either crawl down the plant or drop to the ground. The desertion of the cacti is followed by an infection which results later in a copious exudation of a mucil- aginous fluid or sap which hangs in irregular masses an inch or so in length (pl. 15, fig. 2). This infection is followed by the slow death of the affected lobe and may eventually result in the destruc- tion of portions of the plant or even entire plants. In some in- stances the work of the maggots is inhabited by a small Ptinid beetle belonging to the genus Catorama. Early history. This pest was first brought to our notice in 1909 by Mr George V. Nash, head gardener of the New York Botanical Gardens. The species, according to his statements, occurs in Opuntia banburyana from Italy and an Opuntia from the British West Indies. Not much further was heard of this insect until 1913, at which time it was characterized as a very serious pest in a valued collection of cacti. Earlier it was thought that this midge might be American, since the original distribution of the host plant is limited to America, though subsequent statements would seem to indicate that this insect may possibly be Italian in origin. Mr 40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Becker, connected with the New York Botanical Garden, states that some recent cuttings received from Italy and kept in a house well separated from previously infested material, was found after a few weeks to be infested by this midge. This is suggestive, though not necessarily conclusive, evidence as to the original home of the insect. Life history. Conditions in the cactus house indicate that this species may breed almost continuously throughout the winter months, and there would seem to be no reason why this process might not continue during the summer if the plants were not ex- posed to too low temperatures. The midges may be observed in the greenhouses, flying around the plants and alighting on the pots or the cacti. They do not seem to make their way to the windows and there was no evidence of their being captured in spider webs. A cactus lobe, apparently in a healthy condition, was cut into and the 1n- terior found to be fairly honeycombed by the maggots. The larvae, on attaining their development, emerge from the plants and may be found lying on the surface of the soil in the pots or in the coal ashes covering the benches. The transformation to the pupa and emergence of the adults occur in these situations without any difficulty. An effort was made to ascertain the duration of a life cycle but without much success, since the midges do not appear to thrive under ordinary cage conditions, although a small greenhouse is well adapted to their requirements. Infested cacti were received and placed in a large breeding jar March toth, adults emerging there- from as follows: April 15th, 1; 21st, many; 23d, 12; May oth, SF roth: 10; 12th,..5) “Oth each thw sea Othe 1 aen USE. a ee ane 23d; 24 27 thas; 28th,i2¢) 20th, A 30st, Tree lune ied.) Are or, Riles 7th ad (Oth, ser The rath 25th 2. 926th, ote. ativan (CAP Iz715 cee ea thal obese A distinct periodicity will be noted in the appearance of the midges, in that they were much more abundant April 21st and 234d, May igth and 23d. There was apparently no breeding in this jar, aside from the larvae already in the soil and the plants attaining maturity. If this be the case it would appear that under certain conditions a generation may extend over a period of four months, the flies issuing-at irregular intervals. This periodicity in the ap- pearance of the midges was also observable in the greenhouse, and in at least one case numerous midges appeared in both at the same date. There may be a period of nearly three weeks between the time the larva leaves the plant and the issuance of the imago, since REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 AI on March r4th, one larva and a pupa were placed in a tumbler with a little sand and on the 3d of April a midge issued. It is possible that this period marks the duration of the pupal stage. Description. The larva is about one-eighth of an inch or 3 mm long, rather stout, deep red and with a well-developed bidentate breastbone. ! The midges are delicate, dark reddish brown flies, the male having a length of about 1 mm, the female 2 mm. Technical descriptions of both sexes have been published by the author. Remedial measures. This pest appears to have been controlled by thorough and repeated fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas, during a period of about three months, beginning March Ist and continuing until the weather became so warm that the ventilators of the greenhouses were kept open. Dr A. B. Stout has kindly given me the following summary of the treatment: “ The green- house was closed about 5 o’clock, three stone jars containing 175 cc of 25 per cent sulphuric acid (1 part acid of 1.84 specific gravity to 3 parts water) were placed at equal distances in the greenhouses. In each of these was dropped a paper bag containing 45 gramms of potassium cyanide, 60 per cent strength. These bags were dropped in quickly, the doors securely closed and the fumigation continued until the next morning, and the greenhouse was thoroughly ven- tilated for a few minutes. The house contained about 1600 cubic feet, hence the treatment was about one-third the strength usually recommended for fumigation.” It was stated that not only did the fumigation destroy the midges, but it appeared to have a paralyzing influence upon the larvae lying upon the surface of the soil and they seemed unable to survive the daily treatments. The cacti showed no ill effects and an examination of the plants as they were brought in this fall, indicated entire or nearly entire freedom from this midge. Bibliography 1910 Felt, E. P. Ent. News, 21:10-12 (Cecidomyia). I91I —————— __ Econ. Ent. Jour., 4:464. 1912 Hunter, W. D., Pratt, F. C. & Mitchell, J. D. U.S. Dep’t Agric., Bur. Ent., Bul. 113, p. 45, 57 (Cecidomyia). BANDED GRAPE BUG Paracalocoris scrupeus Say A new pest of the grape apears to be developing in the western part of the State, since the young of this species have been found by Mr L. F. Strickland, damaging fruit of Campbell’s Early and Worden grapes in the Niagara district. be NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Evidences of injury. Irregular blasted clusters (plate 16) and minute, black spots on the affected fruit are the most apparent signs of injury. This damage may be so general as to include entire clusters, portions of clusters or limited to berries here and there on the bunches. The owner estimated that half the crop was lost in one vineyard. The injury is caused by a young, greenish brown and white-marked bug (easily recognized by the white-banded antennae and legs), about one-sixth of an inch long, the adult, appearing later, being one-fourth of an inch long, brownish gray in color and somewhat resembling the very common tarnished plant bug. The two insects are related and appear to have somewhat similar habits. Early history and depredations. Very little is known concerning this insect. It was described in 1831 by Thomas Say, with no more precise indication of its habitat than “ United States.” It has been taken by Mr E. P. Van Duzee during June and July about Buffalo. The late Dr J. B. Smith records it from Staten Island and several New Jersey localities. The following observations by Mr Strickland give an idea of its potentialities. In one instance he noticed a good thrifty vine with fifty-two clusters formed, all of which had been destroyed by the bug. The tabulation given below shows in more detail, conditions which may obtain in fields infested by this pest. Injury by banded grape bug NUMBER OF BUNCHES NUMBER OF GRAPES NUMBER OF GRAPES COUNTED DESTROYED MATURING I oe PM, c SUM ADRES 4 hate Maye Wr or esr Aa 13 44 Tesi Gece eaeri ds) occ te len ror ae ea h Tk SEN ees oe 36 39 AIM oa cet ME LMT loots ioe SAR ESC eee eat eee 40 38 hy EL RAR Mn POMNTE ee MN ne bi Sa pare | 2 36 4I BPE PAM NG oe NL. oe seid Saco teens Sieve 24 OI SW eee een iti: Cee aes ot Me ee ha ee Beis 90 IL apg Onn eT nes CONE ADRENAL te MURS gts 54 14 ZN Pee N Sy SSI AG Ae Dg 0 dec ss RN WRENS pie Mt foe All None TOD, he Lae Meee eae CT aN 2, Soe 46 04 The above data, omitting the two bunches which were entirely destroyed, shows that nearly 4o per cent of the fruit on the clusters counted had been ruined. Mr Strickland believes this bug to be causing serious damage to Campell’s Early grapes throughout the region. The work of this species was observed in the vineyards of Messrs S. C. Treichler, Sanborn and F. L. Young, Lockport, the insect having apparently become established in the latter vineyard. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 43 Niagara grapes, even when growing among Campbell’s Early, appear almost exempt from the trouble. Life history and habits. The young bugs or nymphs cause most of the injury in early June, blasting blossoms and the young fruit by sucking the sap. They attain maturity early in July and the winter is presumably passed in the egg stage as in the case of the allied tarnished plant bug. It is possible that this insect can main- tain itself in vineyards where no other food plant is present. It has been recorded from both sumac and the bladder nut, Staphylea. ‘Description. The adult, kindly determined by Mr E. P. Van Duzee, has been characterized briefly above and the original de- scription is reproduced herewith. Body black. Head with a dull yellowish line and superior or- bits, variegated at the mouth and beneath. Antennae, first joint more than half the length of the second, and rather robust, hairy; second joint a little thicker at tip. Thorax yellowish, anterior margin, two dots, and a slight dot near the posterior angles black; scutel. yellowish, dusky on the middle of the base and on the basal angles. Hemelytra immaculate. Feet with minute, pale points. Length to tip of hemelytra nearly one-fourth of an inch. This species is said by Van Duzee to be very variable. He states that the most abundant form in the vicinity of Buffalo is the pale or ochreous variety generally taken on Staphylea. There is another variety, possibly a distinct species, which has the pronotum black with the narrow edge and three longitudinal vittae ochreous. A detailed characterization of the nymph is given below. Nymph. Length 4 mm, width 1.75 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, the basal segment rich brown and thickly set with short, stout sétae, the second segment more than twice the length of the first, the distal two-thirds dark brown and thickly setose, the basal portion white, the third segment about half the second, the basal portion white, the distal dark red, sparsely setose, the fourth segment one-third longer than the third, brownish yellow, each segment more slender than the preceding. ace short, roundly triangular, the base of the rostrum sparsely setose ; occiput a variable yellowish green with indistinct brownish markings anteriorly ; eyes reddish brown. Mesonotum mostly yellowish green, the anterior and posterior lateral margins a variable fuscous. Wing pads greenish basally, reddish brown apically and extending to the third abdom- inal segment. Abdomen dorsally with the basal segment greenish, the succeeding segments to the sixth greenish and variably mottled sublaterally with dark reddish brown, the distal segments dorsally dark reddish brown, except for an indistinct oval median area apically, which is mostly green; the entire dorsum of the body 44 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM rather thickly set with short fuscous setae. Legs; femora mostly dark reddish brown, variably mottled with whitish; dorsally and basally greenish, the posterior with an indistinct irregular, greenish band near the middle dorsally; tibiae, the basal fourth similar to femora, the second and distal fourth white, the third fourth dark reddish brown; tarsi, the first segment and basal half of second white, the distal half of the second and claws dark brown; venter a nearly uniform pale green, except for a variable striping or marking laterally, that of the thorax rather narrow and dense, while on the abdomen it is broader and diffuse; terminal segment yellow- ish crange with dark reddish brown markings laterally. Remedial measures. The most promising method of controlling this insect in vineyards where its abundance justifies such measures, is spraying with black leaf 40, using I quart to 200 gallons of water to which is added soap for the purpose of promoting dis- tribution and adhesiveness. The spraying should be early in June, possibly earlier in order to destroy the young nymphs before they have an opportunity of causing much damage. Particular pains should be taken to cover the vines thoroughly with the spray, especially the lower inner portions which are most likely to shelter the insects. Bibliography 1831 Say, Thomas. Descriptions of New Species of Heteropterous Hem- iptera of North America (Capsus). 1858 ——— (NE Yon State nericw Soc™ danas sale 7a gle apsis)e 1883 Le Conte, J. L. Complete Writings of Thomas Say, 1:342-43 (Capsus). 1887 Van Duzee, E. P. Can. Ent.; 19:70 (Phytocoris). 1909 Smith, J. B. Insects of New Jersey, p. 163. 1643 Parrott, PP. J..& Mlodgkiss, "H. B. N2 Aric. Exp Stata iu, 368, p. 384. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 45 PEE USE-OF MISCIBLE OILS QN: TREES There have been during the last three years some exceptionally unfortunate developments following the application of miscible oils to trees, especially sugar maples. Some have questioned the possi- bility of oil being the principal cause of the trouble, and since the matter is of considerable importance and may involve the life of highly valued shade trees, observations of earlier years have been continued and are given in some detail below. The data, in our estimation, abundantly justify a refusal to recommend these mater- ials as applications to dormant sugar maples and warrant the em- ployment of cautions couched in no uncertain terms concerning their employment in a similar way for other trees. It is axiomatic that the remedy should not be worse than the disease. LARGER SUGAR MAPLES AND MISCIBLE OILS The behavior of the sugar maple commonly found on roadsides, after applications of certain oily compounds, is so characteristic that there should be little difficulty in recognizing the cause of the trouble. A sugar maple at Port Chester, N. Y., having a trunk diameter of about 8 inches was examined July 16, 1913. Nearly all the lower limbs were dead and a few brown leaves were hanging here and there. This tree, we were informed, was sprayed the last of the preceding November or early the following month, with one of the commercial miscible oils diluted at the rate of 1 to 15. It was the intent of the operator to spray the entire tree thoroughly, but in practice there is little question but that more of the insecticide was thrown on the lower portions of the tree — the parts dead at the time we saw the tree — than higher up. Observation showed at once that it was in a vigorous condition last year, and an examina- tion of the foliage, limbs and trunk failed to disclose any adequate cause for the trouble, such as insect enemies or fungous diseases. The hanging leaves showed that the foliage started on the dead limbs and if subsequent developments had been closely followed, there are good reasons for believing that the leaves became un- healthy, thin, pale, then brown spots appeared and there was serious drying, which was followed by the assumption of a rather dark brown color and usually by the dropping of many of the leaves. This showed first on the seriously injured parts, that is places to which considerable oil was applied and where the bark was thin enough so as not greatly to hinder penetration to the 46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM underlying living and necessary vital tissues. This latter was in- dicated first by brown spots in the inner bark, these discolored parts becoming deeper, extending in area and eventually including all the inner bark and most of the outer active layers of wood. There was then a gradual progressive dying from the points where the tissues had been killed. This latter means the death of limbs and branches above the injury and may involve considerable below, unless the tree possesses sufficient vitality or so little oil has been applied that the maple is able to prevent further invasion of its living tissues. The more vigorous vital portions below may produce suckers, though in some instances even these may succumb later. The injury does not necessarily involve all the lower branches; it may be limited to a few on all sides of the tree or to several on one side, the determining factor, in our estimation, being the amount of oil applied locally. There may be a late dying of individual branches and there are good reasons for believing that not all the injury may become apparent at the end of the first or even the second season following the application. Other changes may occur in conjunction with the death of the limbs. The bark on the trunk, especially if this be smooth and comparatively thin, may be so seriously affected that large areas die. July 16th, the bark on the trunk of one tree and at the base of the affected branches was badly cracked, these cracks being 12 to I5 inches long. September 24th there was a white fungus showing at the base of the lower limbs and also on the trunk to a distance of about 4 feet from the ground. An examination at this later date showed that considerable areas of the bark on the trunk were dead and loose, though the cracking was in an incipient stage. Some of the bark on the base of the larger affected limbs was loose and nearly ready to drop. The trunk of the tree at this time had been entered by a number of Ambrosia beetles, the insects unconsciously giving testimony to the dying or dead condition of the underlying tissues. SIGNS OF OIL INJURY Severe injury following application of oil preparations appears earlier in the season than that due to drought and, as pointed out above, is frequently limited to the lower branches, a condition al- most never seen in the case of trees suffering from fungous affec- tion, insect attack, drought or other adverse conditions. The injury may be comparatively slight and followed by enlarged lenticels, the discoloration, death and cracking of the outer layers of the bark REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 47 and, in some instances, accompanied the first season by abnormally large, dark green leaves. The point of injury is definitely indicated by the abundance of sap in the lower parts of the affected tree, the death of the middle portion and a gradual drying out of the ter- minal parts above the injury. The dead leaves usually have a darker brown color than those on the limbs suffering from drought, sun scald or similar affections. An examination of the inner bark of affected limbs shows a well-marked, girdled or dead area from which point there may be progressive dying in both directions, much depending upon the severity of the injury. Young fruit trees may have the bark badly blistered in late spring and early summer, the underlying tissues being soft and evidently unhealthy. The death of affected trees or parts of the same may occur the following spring, drag through the summer or be deferred for a year or more. Only recently our attention was called to some trees in an unsatisfactory condition, the owner blaming this upon the painting of the trunks with petroleum some ten years earlier. In the case of very severe injury even the buds may fail to develop the spring following the treatment, or the vital processes may be arrested by the time the leaves are one-fourth grown. 48 NEW YORK STATE’ MUSEUM NOTES SOR SIHE (ila Two rare scale insects were found the past season. The first was the inconspicuous Aspidiotus osborni New. & Ckll. on white oak at Scarborough. It has not been previously recorded from the State. The second was Pulvinaria acericola Walsh on flowering Cornell, Cornus florida, at Tarrytown. Both species were relatively abundant on their respective food plants, though apparently causing no material injury. Another scale insect worthy of mention is the Pseudococcus ledi Ckll., which was found abundant upon Ledum by Prof. C. H. Peck at West sand akesIN OY: co SS The peculiar regal rose gall, Rhodites gracilis Ashm., was received September 13th from Mrs E. P. Gard- ner, Canandaigua, who found it in numbers on ,” Rosa blanda.’ fas is not only a new species for the State, but ap- pears to be the first pre- cise locality and food plant record for the species.1 Another inter- esting though extralim- ital insect gall, that of Dryocosmusfavus Beutm., has been identified in the collection. It was found by Mr W. H. Leivelsperger at Fleetwood, Pa., August 26, 1908. The balsam plant louse, Mindarus abietinus Koch, has been unusually abundant and injurious in a number of Adiron- dack localities. The spruce gall aphid, Chermes abietis Linn., is very prevalent and frequently seriously deforms infested trees. A related gall insect, Chermes floccwus: Patch, was received August 23d from Mr John Nill of Star Lake and also from St Huberts, the galls being numerous in both places. This latter is another new record for the State. Fig.9 Regal rose gall (natural size, original) *19007 Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 27 :645-46. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q13 49 The spruce bud moth, Tortrix fumiferana Clem., was very abundant in the Adirondack region and the tips of many trees were browned as a consequence. The moths were flying in numbers at Westport early in August. Though this insect has been extremely numerous at times, we have yet to see evidences of serious injury as a result of its work. This species was reported as extremely abundant in several Maine localities by correspondents or the office. Gaophomyia tristissima O. S. was reared. June ‘3, 1912 from larvae found at Albany under decaying willow bark. In the State collection there are specimens taken at Albany Sep- tember II, 1902, at Poughkeepsie June 8, 1902 and one captured by Mr C. P. Alexander at Johnstown August 31, 1907. The striking Psilocephala melampodia Loew was reared: May 1, 1911 from a white larva about 1 inch long and taper- ing at both extremities, found under badly decayed pine bark at Albany. BRUTE TREE PESTS Apple tent caterpillar (Mal acosoma americana Fabr.). The extended depredations of this common insect have been more disastrous than in 1912. Wild cherry trees in the Hudson valley, Mohawk valley, portions of the Adirondacks and in other sections of the State were often defoliated, while all too frequently many of the trees in apple orchards were stripped of their leaves. The latter was so general in some sections as to result in the loss of practically the entire apple crop. Furthermore, these trees are in no condition to produce fruit another year, although a fairly good second crop of leaves was developed. It is perhaps unnecessary to state that damage of this character was confined to unsprayed trees. The probability of severe injury was announced last winter, and it would have been comparatively easy to have checked the pest early by timely spraying with a poison. The characteristic brownish egg belts of this pest are about half an inch long and wherever they are moderately abundant on the smaller twigs, a recurrence of the outbreak may be expected. This insect is rather easily controlled in several ways. It is not difficult to detect and remove the egg belts in winter, especially on small to moderate sized trees. The nests of the young caterpillars are fairly conspicuous before any material damage is done, and they can be quickly removed with a stiff, conical brush attached to a long pole, a procedure far preferable to the more popular burning 50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of the nests. The latter permits many of the caterpillars to escape and at the same time is likely to result in injury to the limb. Better than either of the preceding is early and preferably systematic spraying with a poison such as arsenate of lead, using a standard preparation at the rate of 2 to 3 pounds to 50 gallons of water. In the case of badly infested trees it may be advisable to make this application just after the leaves appear, though as a rule the one thorough spraying recommended for the codling moth and given just after the blossoms drop, is ample to prevent injury by this tent caterpillar as well as to take care of the apple worm. The cutting out of wild cherry trees along roadsides and fences is an important preventive measure, because such trees and bushes are a favorite breeding place for the pest. Plum curculio (Conotrachelwus (_nenin place binse ): An interesting modification of habit was caused by a late frost last spring, killing the plums locally at Nassau. As a result, the cur- culios attacked and severely injured a large setting of young fruit on an adjacent crab apple tree, though comparatively few of the grubs developed successfully. This tree, in earlier seasons when plums were available, was practically free from curculio injury. Pear: thrips (E.uthtrips “pyrit Daniel): > This) mew pese noticed in detail in the preceding report,| was abundant in the vicinity of Hudson and was controlled for the most part by thor- ough and timely applications of a tobacco extract. In some orchards there was .an unusually large drop of young pears, presumably caused in part at least by the injuries inflicted by this small insect when laying its eggs in the stems. The same marked restriction to certain localities or portions of orchards observed in earlier years was noted the past season. This pest is an extremely local one and operations against it should be regulated accordingly. The most evident signs of the insect’s presence are the sticky buds, the brown, blasted appearance of the blossom buds and an unusual drop of bud scales followed later by small, crinkled, spoon- shaped-leaves. In the earlier part of the attack a slender, dark brown insect only about one-twentieth of an inch long may be seen upon the opening of the fruit buds and especially in crevices be- tween the stems of the partly expanded fruit clusters. In the case of badly infested orchards it is advisable to delay the winter treatment with lime-sulphur wash for San José scale until the buds have started and then add to this preparation a *1o13 N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 165, p. 70-74. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 SI tobacco extract such as black leaf 40, 1 to 800. This will destroy many of the thrips before they have had an opportunity to find shelters in the buds which have opened just sufficiently so that they can make their way down between the stems of the young fruit. Later, if the insects are numerous, it is advisable to spray with the tobacco extract at the above given strength just as soon as the young pears have separated sufficiently so that the thrips at the base of the stems are exposed. This application, in particular, should be directed so that the spray will be driven down into all the crevices of the fruit clusters. Another spraying with the tobacco extract may be advisable after the blossoms fall. This insect works so rapidly and seeks shelter so persistently that time- liness is a prime essential of the spraying. Baise pred bus (Lye ride a mendax”Reit.)... This” pest appears to be on the increase, and last summer was so numerous in an orchard near Poughkeepsie as to deform and practically ruin one- third of a good crop of greenings. Fortunately for the owner there were many apples on the infested trees, and the dwarfing and drop- ping of so much fruit was not so serious as it might have been under other conditions. The red bug injury, according to observations made by Mr C. S. Hubbard, begins on the fruit produced by the late blossoms in the center of the tree, and from these shelters the insects gradually work outward. The young apples are frequently pierced to the core. As they develop, depressions with pithy centers extending deep into the tissues may be noted and there is a marked irregularity in the shape; many of the apples are dwarfed and drop about midsummer. The insects rarely attract notice; the young bugs are bright red in color and shelter themselves largely in curled leaves, producing conditions resembling a serious plant louse in- festation and with ill-defined, brown spots on the leaves, sug- gestive of sun scald, or on tender foliage there may be a discolora- tion resembling that produced by the four-lined plant bug, Poe - cilocapsus lineatus Fabr., on currant leaves. Small apples are seriously affected by the feeding punctures as described above, the earliest evidence of injury being a slight exudation accompanied by a local discoloration and hardening. The full-grown bugs are shy and not easily captured. Both of the red bugs are about one-quarter of an inch long and have the same general shape as the common and well-known tarnished plant bug, Lygus pratensis Linn. They may be easily recognized by their red color, the young being a brilliant red and somewhat resembling large plant lice, except for the absence 52 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of the conspicuous cornicles or so-called honey tubes. The adult red bug may be recognized by the sprinkling of fine, whitish scales on the head, thorax and wing covers, the dark or fuscous area anteriorly on the pronotum and the absence of a fuscous margin posteriorly — characters absent in the adult lined red bug. Prac- tically speaking, there seems to be little need of differentiating be- tween the two species, since their habits are so similar and control measures almost identical. These two plant bugs are widely distributed in New York State and appear to have spread to the apple from the thorn apple or Crataegus. The eggs are laid in late June or during July in the bark, usually two year old wood, and do not hatch until after the leaves of the fruit buds are open, in the case of the red bug; those of the false red bug hatching about a week later. The young pass through several stages, those of the two species resembling each other closely and attaining maturity in June. These pests appear to be very susceptible to tobacco preparations, since experiments have shown that a black leaf extract diluted I to 65 or black leaf 40, 1 to 800, will destroy the young. The first application should be made just before the blossoms open and the second with the usual spray for the codling moth, the only additional expense being the addition of the tobacco extract to the poisoned fungicide usually employed. Where practical it is suggested that the winter application for San José scale be delayed as late as possible and three-fourths of a pint of black leaf extract added to each 100 gallons for the purpose of destroying red bugs as well as the San José scale. This treatment would also be very effective in checking plant lice. It is quite possible that the tobacco added to the codling moth spray would, under most circumstances, be all that would be necessary to prevent material injury by either of these pests. q Comparative descriptions of the adults of these two species with observations upon their habits are given in the 26th report of the State Entomologist (Museum Bulletin 147)-and Prois Cain. Crosby of Cornell University has published a detailed account of the two forms, illustrating the various stages, in Bulletin 291 of the, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station. The read- ers desiring additional details are referred to these two publications. Pear Psylla (Psylla pyricola Riley). The pest was rather abundant last July in orchards in and about Barker, especially where there had been some slackness in treatment. The foliage in REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1913 53 some orchards was seriously blackened as a result of sooty fungus developing in the honeydew exuded by the Psyllids. There is decidedly less injury, as a rule, by this insect in the Hudson valley than in western New York, though it occasionally becomes excess- ively abundant locally in the eastern part of the State. The efficacy of a late spraying with a standard lime-sulphur wash for the control of this insect was well shown in a previously neglected and consequently badly infested orchard near Athens. Psyllas had been numerous and at the time of spraying (April 17th-rgth) most of the adults had disappeared and the smaii, yel- lowish eggs were abundant on many twigs. The one spraying at this time practically annihilated the pest in that orchard, only a very few insects being seen throughout the summer. The control of this insect is greatly aided by keeping the rough bark scraped from the trunks of the older trees, thus materially reducing the number of winter shelters for the “ flies.” Summer applications of a contact insecticide, such as a tobacco extract, are sometimes necessary. Plant lice were somewhat abundant, especially on young trees, early in the season, probably because of the cool, backward weather. In some instances the foliage on shoots 10 to 12 inches long of small trees was nearly covered with the pests. Mr W. H. Hart of Arlington reports plant lice almost absent from young trees which had been very badly infested the preceding season and had then been thoroughly sprayed with a whale oil soap solution used at the rate of 1 pound to 12 gallons of water. A number of natural enemies were observed preying upon plant lice, such as the black grubs of the two-spotted lady-beetle, Adalia bipunctata Linn., the white-tufted larvae ol H ype ras pis signata var. binotata, and the varicolored larvae of Syrphid flies, were very serviceable in checking the injury, especially as the weather became warmer about June 2oth or a little later. In some instances it was found advisable to spray with contact insecticides rather than to rely upon the beneficial action of natural agents. San José scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst.). As a rule this insect has not been causing appreciable injury in orchards systematically sprayed, though occasionally neglected trees become very badly infested. The experience of the past season shows that even under such. conditions, one thorough application will check the pest in a most effective manner. The Entomologist supervised the spraying of a neglected and 54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM badly infested pear orchard early in April. One of the standard concentrated lime-sulphur washes was used and an effort made to — do very thorough work, though owing to the softness of the ground, the height of the trees and a moderately high wind, conditions were not so favorable as they might have been. Some of the trees were in such bad condition that large limbs were dead or nearly so as a result of the infestation, and many of the smaller limbs were fairly incrusted with living scale. The one treatment resulted in practically cleaning up the pest. . An examination last August on another farm showed an equally satisfactory result under different conditions. Owing to certain unfavorable developments the preceding year, it was impossible to spray the apple orchard under consideration and, to make matters worse, the treatment of the preceding year or two had not been any too thorough. As a consequence, in August 1912 many of the trees were very badly infested, the limbs being literally covered with scale and a number of branches dying. Last fall the pest was so prevalent that the owner even refused to sell the fruit for cider apples. This orchard was sprayed last fall and again in the spring with a standard lime-sulphur wash and, as a result of the treatment, very little scale was to be found last August, aside from a scattering infestation on an occasional limb. Most of the fruit was so clean that there was no reason for suspecting the presence of the insect. These results were secured on moderate sized apple trees about twenty years old and with a trunk diameter of 6 to 8 inches. Several small four-winged parasites became exceedingly abundant in a number of badly infested orchards in various parts of the State. A personal investigation in several Schodack, Stuyvesant and Poughkeepsie orchards showed these beneficial insects generally distributed and in several localities very abundant. The latter was confirmed by an examination of representative limbs. One twig only an inch in length and five-sixteenths of an inch in diameter had 184 exit holes. In another case it was estimated that 85 per cent of the scales had been destroyed by parasites, though owing to the natural variation in the degree of infestation and the fact that parasitism is not easily ascertained prior to the emergence of the adults, it was impossible to do more than make an approximate estimate. The appearance of parasitized scales is shown on plate 15, figure I. A tabulation of our rearings shows Prospaltella per- niciosi Tower to be a well-distributed and rather abundant REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1913 55 parasite, it emerging from collected material from the latter part of November into the following February and constituting over 85 per cent of the total parasites bred. The next species in 1m- portance is Aphelinus fuscipennis Howard, which ap- pears to have an equally wide distribution and prolonged breeding season and constituted about 12 per cent of the total parasites reared. Coccophagus immaculatus Howard was ob- tained in small numbers, and the same is true of Chiloneurus species and Psyllaephagus species. The last named, however, was reared in late January and early February from only one lot, in unusually large numbers, which latter would seem to indicate that under certain conditions it might be much more efficient than the two preceding. It is certain that parasites of the San José scale were much more abundant than has been observed before in New York State. Several of these small forms are generally distributed, and in 1900 mae tate Dr |; B. Smith expressed the belief that Aphelinu's fuscipennis Howard, a species which he reared in numbers, was established in New Jersey wherever San José scale had obtained a foothold. The same year the late Prof. W. G. Johnson reared thousands of this little insect from infested twigs collected in Maryland orchards and advised correspondents not to burn branches and twigs from infested trees during the fall and winter and thus aliow these minute insects an opportunity to escape in the spring. This is sound advice and we would recommend such procedure in -all cases where parasites are found to be present in any numbers. The fact that parasites of the San José scale have been so abun- dant the past season, by no means justifies the abandonment of spraying, or even the relying in considerable measure upon the good offices of these insects. It should be remembered that in most cases the parasites become numerous enough to control the scale only after the trees have been seriously injured. The middle portion of one orchard, approximately a third of it, where parasites were abundant, had been almost ruined by San José scale and severe injury was not uncommon in others. The probabilities are at least fair that the parasites will not be so abundant another season and they may not render any material aid in controlling the scale for another decade. Their appearance in extraor- dinary numbers the past season may have been due in part at least to unusually favorable climatic conditions. We have re- peatedly investigated earlier statements to the effect that the San 56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM José scale was dying out locally and, prior to last summer, were unable to find evidence of any material control through the agency of parasites. These small insects are sufficiently important so that their development should be carefully watched and an effort made to estimate their true value as natural checks. It should be re- membered that these insects have been known to entomologists practically since the introduction of the scale in the eastern United States and the cases of material benefits resulting from their presence are comparatively few. . For the present at least, we would not hesitate to advise con- tinued spraying for the control of San José scale, a treatment which in most cases is profitable, even though the trees are not badly in- fested; since if a lime-sulphur wash is used, valuable fungicidal effects are secured as well as protection from a number of insect pests. Variegated cutworm (Agrotis saucia Hubn.). Under date of July 15, 1913 Mr J. A. Thompson, nursery inspector of Rochester, N. Y., forwarded specimens of this cutworm, accom- panied by the statement that they were feeding on clover and fallen apples. Specimens of the latter were received and from one-half to two-thirds of the fruit, which attained 2 inches in diameter, were eaten away in a very irregular manner. There was no evi- dence to show that these cutworms, although known to be of climbing species, had ascended the trees and attacked the fruit while still hanging. SHADE TREE SPES is Ein jear beetle (Ga ternicellas Imi ieo luaee Wl ease liie destructive work of this pest has been greatly checked in many localities during recent years, by thorough and systematic spraying. Indications early last spring were favorable for very severe in- juries to unsprayed trees, as the beetles appeared early and fed vigorously. There was a period of exceptionally cool weather in June, the thermometer dropping to 40 degrees on the gth, 44 on the roth and to 47 on both the 8th and the 11th, the mean during this four day period being 64 on the 11th, 58 on the 1oth, 54 on the 8th and 51 on the goth, while the maximum was 8o on the 11th, 72 on the roth and but 62 on both the 8th and goth. It appears quite possible that this unseasonable weather coming at a time when normally egg production should be at its height, may have greatly checked the laying of eggs and resulted in a comparatively small number of larvae. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQ1I3 57 A marked restriction of severely injured areas was noticed in a number of places, due in somé instances to very local causes and in others possibly to be accounted for by the sickly condition of the trees. It is well known that severe injury is likely to develop on weakened trees, and this was noted as in earlier years. It is not necessary to assume that these elms were special favorites with the insects, since the reduced vitality would, of itself, result in the production of much less than the normal amount of foliage, and an average infestation of the voracious grubs would make short work of the small leafage. This condition probably explains some of the local and severe injury which can not be accounted for in any other way. Such trees can be protected, though they require special care. It is a decided advantage to trim judiciously, so as to remove all the dead wood and promote a vigorous growth so far as practical and then protect the leaves by giving a very thorough spraying and, in extreme cases, more than one. ‘The reduction in the numbers of this pest is probably only temporary and should not be construed as a justification for abandoning the spraying of earlier years. The first essential in protecting shade trees is efficiency, the second, economy. Experience and modifications in apparatus have shown it to be possible to spray trees thoroughly and very rapidly and thus effect a material economy in the cost of treatment. _ The tendency now is to use the high pressure, a rather coarse nozzle and to avoid climbing so far as possible. The most efficient outfits are sufficiently powerful so that practically all the spraying is done from the ground at an enormous saving in both time and money. The most serious disadvantage of these outfits is the very high cost of the apparatus and the difficulty of controlling the stream on narrow streets. There is no question as to their utility and value on broad avenues, in parks or woodland areas. HPaclish elm pouch gall’ (Petraneura.ulmisacculi Patch). This species, kindly determined by Miss Edith M. Patch, represents an addition, probably of English origin, to our fauna. The galls were found in small numbers July 17, 1913, on an maticsh cin Ulmus campestris, on the estate of S. G. Rosenbaum, Roslyn, N. Y. They were also found at Stamford, Conn. There was only a scattering infestation and no serious in- jury resulted. The galls are pedunculated, oval sacks arising from the upper surface of the leaf half an inch to possibly an inch in diameter in the case of the larger deformations. They are smooth, bright yellowish 58 Fig. 10 English elm pouch gall (nat- ural size, original) NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM green, appearing almost as if varnished and decidedly paler than the ieaf, and as they age, assume variable purplish tints. The entrance to the gall is on the under side of the leaf and is guarded by pale, fuzzy hairs. Three or four galls frequently occur on a leaf, though Miss Patch has recorded as many as thirty-six. The interior of the gall is slightly ridged and in- habited by numerous plant lice. Technical de- scriptions of this species are given by Miss Patch (Me. Agric. Exp’t Sta. Bul. 181, p. 216—- 19, 1910) to which the reader is referred for further details. This species presumably has a wide American distribution and can be con- trolled, if necessary, only by picking the infested leaves early in June before the plant lice have begun to - escape and burning them. This recommendation is practical only in the case of small trees. Our most common elm gall is the cockscomb gall CGolop ha vialnutrcola Fitch) which is sometimes so abundant on American elms as to distort the foli- age badly. The much rarer slippery elm gall ( Pem- phigius: Solmiiusus Walsh) is confined to the red or slippery elm and is easily distinguished from the more recent introduc- tion by its larger size and particularly by its occur- rence only on a very char- acteristic food plant. The smell of the leaves is often sufficient to identify the leaf and, secondarily, the gall. Slippery elm pouch gall (natural size, original) REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1913 59 Halse maple scale .(Phenacoccus,acericola King). There were a number of inquiries concerning this insect during the summer, though in a general way it was not so abundant and in- jurious as in earlier years. A very abundant infestation was located September 24th on certain trees at Mount Vernon, a little east and south of the New Haven Railroad station. Some of these trees were so badly infested that practically every leaf bore 6 to 25 of the conspicuous cottony masses indicating females, while the portions between the adult insects were thickly spotted and in some instances practically coated with the numerous yellowish young. The trunks of these trees were liberally plastered with the white cocoons of the male and, in some places, fairly covered with yellowish masses of the young. This local outbreak was evidently the culmination of a series of generations and apparently very re- stricted in extent. A number of small parasites and the beneficial ladybeetle, Hyperaspis signata var. binotata, were obtained from this material. A peculiar obscure, yellowish gray Syrphid larva was observed among the scale insects; later it transformed to a some- what similar though stouter puparium from which the imago of Baccha fascipennis Wied. was obtained. Several other natural enemies are known to live at the expense of this scale insect. The sugar maples, although so very badly infested with this scale insect, did not seem to be seriously injured, aside from a somewhat thinner, paler foliage. This latter development came so late in the season, September 24th, that it probably would not have any very material effect upon the vitality of the tree. Spruce bud scale (Physokermes piceae Schr.).’ Spec imens of Norway spruce infested by this insect were received June 12th from Mr Arthur Dummett, Mount Vernon, N. Y. An examination of one twig evidently representing a condition on a portion of a tree or perhaps entire trees showed this scale insect to be numerous at the base of the branches or new growth. The peculiar budlike enlargements contained numerous pale purplish, broadly oval eggs which would probably hatch the latter part of July. One scale was infested by parasites. Specimens of this in- sect were received from other localities and in several instances from trees which were also infested by the spruce gall aphid, Pimermes abietis Linn. 60 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM This species was observed by us in 1908,1 though at that time it was confused with the spruce gall aphid. It occasionally be- comes exceedingly abundant as recorded by Mr B. N. Gates.? He found it so numerous on spruces at Amherst, Mass., that the honeydew attracted swarms of bees, and these in turn called his attention to the infestation. Mr A. T. Gillanders? has observed this insect very commonly on sickly Norway spruce in England, especially those infested by the spruce gall aphid. This scale insect is subject to attack by a number of parasites and only occasionally becomes sufficiently abundant to cause material injury. Tulip tree scale" ( Toumey ella wit io dead Gace This, the largest of our native scale insects, is confined to the tulip tree and occasionally becomes very abundant and injurious in the vicinity of New York City. Several complaints concerning this insect were received during the past season and our attention has been frequently called to the pest in earlier years. This insect winters in New York State in a partly grown con- dition, the young being from one-quarter to one-half full size, closely attached to the branches, usually on the under side. They have a very dark brown, almost black color, and on that account generally escape attention. Observations the past season show that the young begin to appear at Flushing August. 16th, while specimens received September 4th from Tarrytown showed some young estab- lished, others crawling and many still issuing. This latter process evidently continues till the latter part of September. The full- grown females may be observed in August. They measure about one-third of an inch in diameter, are very convex and light brown in color. Badly infested trees have the leaves smeared with honey- dew excreted by the insects; the sooty mold developing therein dis- colors the foliage below. There is also a rather characteristic sourish odor about badly infested trees or twigs. One of the easiest methods of keeping this pest in check on small trees is by scraping off the scales or brushing them from the under side of the branches with a stiff brush, about the middle of August or even a little earlier. Thorough spraying of infested trees in the spring with a kerosene emulsion, the standard formula diluted with 4 parts of water is a very effective treatment. Spray as late as practicable since the insects are presumably more susceptible then. *N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 134, p. 55. * 1909 Econ. Ent. Jour. 2:466-67. * 1908 Forest Entomology, p. 228-29. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 61 FOREST ‘TREE, PESTS Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hubn.). The depredations of this species recorded in 1912 have been con- tinued on a more extended scale the present season. The cater- pillars defoliated a number of acres of woodland in Roslyn and Jericho on Long Island, were abundant in Putnam and southern Dutchess counties, attacked maples at Granville, Elizabethtown and Ogdensburg and defoliated extensive tracts of poplar in Franklin and Clinton counties. The last of May and early in June many of the oaks in Roslyn and Jericho were defoliated, a few of the caterpillars being only half grown, must of them fully developed, and some, particularly in the warmer, more advanced situations, had commenced to spin their cocoons. The injury in this locality was practically confined to the oaks. At Granville, Elizabethtown and Ogdensburg the caterpillars were most numerous upon the sugar maple, while in Frankin and Clinton counties there was a marked preference for the faplar (Populus tremiuloides), particularly the tops of trees 30 feet or more in height. The feeding, in certain cases at least was confined to the vicinity of water. The aspen or poplar was the preferred food plant in this section, though willow, when stand- ing near stripped trees, was eaten to some extent. The pin or bird cherry was partly defoliated and evidently eaten by the cater- pillars only when forced by hunger. Elms and Cornus close to poplars were badly eaten or nearly stripped, respectively. The red maple and birch were nearly exempt from injury, unless next to defoliated trees. Pine, balsam and spruce, in fact all coniferae observed, were practically unharmed, though numerous cocoons were to be found among the needles (June 27th). The area of serious injury in this section begins at about Rainbow lake, Frank- lin county, and extends eastward through Clinton county nearly to Lake Champlain. Natural enemies were observed at work both at Rainbow lake and Chazy lake. At Rainbow lake a large Carabid beetle wes taken on a tree trunk some 4 feet from the ground. It was there evidently in search of caterpillars. Numerous Tachinid and Sar- cophagid flies were observed about the caterpillars and were pre- sumably ovipositing thereon. A number of Hymenopterous para- sites, particularly Pimpla species, were observed on the cocoons at Chazy lake. The probabilities of continued injury another season can best 62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM be determined by examining the trees during the fall or winter for the characteristic brown egg belts about half an inch long, encircling the smaller twigs. Wherever these are numerous there is very good prospect of serious depredations another season. The low value of timber and land in the Adirondacks precludes the adoption of comprehensive measures for the control of the pest. This does not apply to the more highly valued holdings in the vicinity of New York City and in such places it may be advisable to make provision for early spring spraying of the woodland areas where the eggs of this insect are numerous. The work against the gipsy moth in eastern Massachusetts has shown that fairly open wood- land can be sprayed at the very moderate cost of $6.50 an acre with the modern high pressure outfit so extensively used in eastern Massachusetts. This equipment, while costly, is really the most economical where areas of any size are to be sprayed, since the high power and special nozzle renders climbing unnecessary and thus effects a great saving in time. Locust borer (Cyllene robiniae Forst). Injuries by this common borer have.attracted an unusual amount of attention, and local investigations disclosed serious damage. It is rare to find any number of black locust trees in New York State not infested by this borer though, as a rule, the damage is confined largely to dying branches and the deforming of old trees. The past season our attention was called to a hedge row at Salamanca so badly infested that a number of young trees broke off in moderate to high winds. Investigations on Long Island showed numerous trees with limbs killed by this insect. A more serious condition was noted east of Poughkeepsie, in that here and there good sized trees had apparently succumbed to the activity of this pest, while many others were in more than the usual bad condition. The most striking injury was at Millbrook where nearly one acre of young transplanted locusts had been killed, probably the present year, by this insect. The trunks ranged in diameter from 1 to 2% or 3 inches and were repeatedly girdled and well riddled by the galleries. There were a few larger trees with a diameter of 4 inches or over in this area which were not very seriously affected. The general killing of these trees was evidently due to an unusual increase in the borers and, as a consequence, the numerous larvae were literally compelled on account of the lack of space to girdle the trees repeatedly in making their galleries. The outbreak was evidently one of those periodic increases in the REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q13 63 number of insects, which are not readily explainable. The mere fact that this planting was in a section where the locust borer was generally abundant and injurious should have served as a warning regarding the possible outcome of such an undertaking. This latter case is undoubtedly an extreme one, and yet it is one of the probabilities which must be faced by those contemplating extensive plantings of this valuable tree. The parent of the locust borer, as most people realize, is a rather slender, black beetle less than three-quarters of an inch long and very prettily marked with golden yellow. It may be found in considerable numbers feeding on goldenrod blossoms. The females deposit their oval, whitish eggs here and there in crevices of the bark and the young grubs spend the winter in the outer part of the living inner bark. ‘The larger grubs, as is well known, when abundant may riddle the inner portion of the trunk with galleries about one-quarter of an inch in diameter and running mostly with the grain of the wood. As suggested above, from our present state of knowledge, it ap- pears unwise to plant the black locust in sections where this borer is abundant and destructive. Plantings already established should be carefully watched for early indications of injury, most easily detected during the spring and early summer by bleeding and ejected borings. Very badly infested trees or parts of trees should be cut and destroyed before the first of August, in order to prevent the insects maturing. It is perhaps unnecessary to add that the general adoption of this plan would probably result in a very satisfactory control of the borer. Doctor Hopkins states that the hibernating larvae may be destroyed by spraying the trunks and branches with a strong solution of kerosene emulsion. Ordinarily, in our opinion it would be safer to make this application in the spring and not later than the first of April. Pure kerosene, petroleum or petroleum compounds may result in injury to the trees unless used with much care. Experiments at Salamanca last July showed that the nearly full-grown grubs could be killed or driven from their burrows by applications of a creosote preparation which was said to be harm- less to the trees. Some trees appear to be more resistant to attack than others, and it has been suggested by Doctor Hopkins that work along this line might be attempted in the case of the black locust and an effort made to obtain borer-resistant trees, either by cross-breeding or through propagation by cuttings. 64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Spruce aphid (Mindarus abietinus Koch.). Specimens of the work of this aphid were received through the State Conser- vation Commission under date of June 14, 1913 from Mr John Nill of Star Lake, N. Y. The balsam shoots had the tips to a length of 1 to 2 inches badly curled and twisted, while the foliage as a whole was very sticky, indicating an abundant earlier in- festation by this plant louse. Mr Nill stated that the infested trees upon his place were all young and thrifty and not more than 20 years old. Some are uniformly infested all over and others only in part, there appearing to be no difference between those standing in groups and isolated trees. The shoots submitted for examination had numerous Syrphid larvae and practically no plant lice, indicat- ing that the attack so far as these particular trees are concerned, is at an end. The affected balsam tips, however, will probably wither and perish. Specimens of the work of this aphid were also received under date of June gth from Lake Clear, N. Y., through Mr George L. Barrus, state forester. These latter tips bore a number of 15- spotted lady beetles, Anatis ocellata and practically no aphids, indicating that natural enemies were checking the pest early. MISCELLANEOUS INSECTS Drugstore beetle .(Sittodrepa panmieea’ Linn): 0 ine stout, light brown beetle, only about one-eighth of an inch long and its white, curled grub is well known to entomologists as a feeder upon a considerable variety of substances, such as flour, meal, break- fast foods, condiments, roots and herbs and animal matter. It has even been known to colonize itself in a human skeleton which had been dried with the ligaments on, and has been recorded as per- forating tinfoil and sheet lead. Only two months are required to complete the life cycle, and in warm buildings breeding may be continuous throughout the year. _ Last summer a ledger bound in half morroco was received from a local manufacturing company, with an inquiry as to the source of certain insect injury. It developed that the sample was from a California dealer who had held some of the books in storage for a period of about fourteen years. The infested ledgers were fumi- gated prior to their return to the manufacturer in the same manner as is customary with citrus trees in that section. An examination resulted in our finding nothing alive. It was seen that the insects confined their operations largely to making sinuous galleries in the REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 65 morocco, occasionally invading the sheepskin and working mostly on the inner face of the leather, partly on account of the protection afforded and presumably attracted somewhat by the glue used in binding the book. Attacks of this kind are evidently unusual and can generally be avoided by examination from time to time and fumigation, if necessary, with either carbon bisul- phid or hydrocyanic acid gas. Mason bee (Osmia meeeti Ckil):. Very lit- tle is apparently known concerning the habits of this genus, though the re- lated leaf cutter bees, Megachile, commonly at- tract notice because of the characteristic circular or nearly circular pieces so frequently cut from rose and other leaves and used mye these insects’ in the construction of larval Bells, the latter being placed end to end and located sometimes in the ground, usually in bur- rows in the wood, and even in crevices such as those occurring between shingles in a bunch or on a roof. A number of small bees were observed June 18, Ig02, around a circular entrance in the thick bark of a hard pine at Karner, Fig. 12 Galleries of a mason bee, Osmia felti, in hard pine (natural size, original) and on capturing specimens and submitting them to Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, an authority on this group, they were described by him as new. An examination of the galleries showed a circular entrance *Igt1 Ent. News, 21:18. 66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM with a diameter of nearly a quarter of an inch, leading into a complex series of galleries (figure 12), some of which were occu- pied by a number of cells. The latter are not lined by leaves as in the genus Megachile, the separations apparently being composed mostly of comminuted particles of bark. The individual cells are evidently divided much as in Megachile, and the larvae, on attain- ing maturity, spin yellowish brown, oval cocoons occupying the entire diameter of the gallery and with a length of approximately five-eighths of an inch. A parasite, Leucopsis affinis Say, was reared from wood containing the cells of this insect. White-winged Bibio (Bibio albipennis Say). Dirty yellowish gray larvae of this species were found March 26, 1900 by Mr W. F. Smith, White Plains, N. Y., in stable manure spread the preceding fall on flower beds. The larvae pupated in oval cells in the earth, and hosts of adults emerged April 18th. The black flies, with a length of only three-eighths of an inch, have white wings when they first appear above ground. These soon become transparent. This insect 1s a common species about gardens and orchards in early spring. Larva. Length about 1.3 cm, diameter 2 mm. Head reddish brown, strongly chitinized, the dorsum with a sublateral seta near the anterior third, a little below this there being apparently a rudimentary eye. Labrum subquadrate, rounded anteriorly ; mandi- bles moderately large, subtriangular, rounded, bidentate. The maxillae appear to be represented by a pair of ventral, irregularly ovate sclerites. The labium is subcordate. The body is a dirty yellowish gray, rather strongly annulate and composed of 12 seg- ments, the anterior 4 being divided into 3 annuli, the divisions on the other segments less marked. There is at the posterior third of the segments, on the middle annulus in the anterior ones, a trans- verse row of short, stout, fleshy processes, which latter are some- what produced laterally and on the posterior segment. The skin is coarsely shagreened. On the first body segment there is a moder- ately well-developed brown spiracle, rudimentary ones being seen upon succeeding segments to the twelfth, which latter has a well- developed sublateral spiracle on the anterior fourth. The posterior extremity is obliquely truncate, excavated, the anus being guarded by two broadly oval, subdorsal flaps, a pair of subventral triangular processes and a ventral rounded lip. The use of ground, unslaked lime or naphthalin is advised by Collinge for the destruction of larvae of the allied Bibio marci Linn. in leaf mold, in which they occur. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I913 67 Bolitophila cinerea Meign. Numerous white, black-headed larvae of this species were found in the base of a decaying, probably fungous-infected, birch stump at Albany in March, the adults issu- ing early in April. The larva appears to be unknown and 1s described below. Larva. Length 4 mm. Head shining jet black. Body white, with jet black tubercles. The head is moderately large, having a width fully two-thirds that of the body and with moderately well-de- veloped triarticulate or possibly quadriarticulate palpi. Each an- tenna is supported upon a broad base surrounded by a marrow ring of fuscous chitin, possibly the first segment; the next segment is cylind- ric, tapers slightly and has a length Sae-half sreater than its diameter;. Fig. 13 Boletophila cin- the third segment is conical and erea; larva enlarged, head still about one-third as long as the pre- more enlarged (original) ceding; the terminal segment is very slender, about two-thirds the length of the preceding. Body. stout, apodous, the segments distinct ; posterior extremity tapering slightly to a somewhat narrowed, subtriangular terminal segment. Ventral surface, the margins of the abdominal segments broadly banded with transverse lines of fine, chitinous points resembling somewhat those of Miastor. 3 X20 68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGISL The following is a list of the principal publications of the Entomologist during the year 1913. The titles,’ time of publication and a summary of the contents of each are given. Volume and page number are separated by a colon. The Gall Midge Fauna of Western North America. Pomona Col- lege Journal Entomology, 4:753-57, 1912 A list of species with food habit records so far as known. Studies in Itonididae. New York Entomological Society Journal, 20 :236-48, 1912 Two new genera, Neocatocha and Neptunimyia, were erected and the fol- lowing new species described: Neocatocha marilandica, Nep- tuniniyia trrdens, Porricondyla, docsata) » famone alis, Contaritra coloradensis, DLhecodipolsas @uleemue Dicrodiplosis antenmoata.: 2. icashitor neath ike hema ftonida‘aphidivora;, Iepwthrida and 41. apridis. SA pseu described or biological observations given of the following: Rhabdo- phaga aceris: Shim, Phytophaca wlm: Beatme) Diecodipe Lotsas auana'ss1 “Raley. tom da ‘ay ‘study Sof.’ gall MME EME TS! case whan «ler con wie. ve 70 HTM ESA Cea see ee eae eee is 127 Mreen blow fly. ......<... 06s 755) SeRplina tor OL) PlabeS,<.\ ae des +: 227 envsiag flesh fly..c......0.. Bop anki eset cn ote Sutlee eoNits are wiles a 255 WW NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ADDITIONS: TO “COLLECTIONS, SO @1@2E re iron” seme. OCTOBER 15, 1914 The following is a list of the more important additions to the collections: DONATION Hymenoptera Lophyrus abbotii Leach, Abbott’s pine sawfly, larvae on pine, October 1, G. W. Crawford, Ballston Spa Janus integer Norton, currant stem borer on currant, February 21, F. R. Lossoe, Troy Kaliofenusa ulmi Sund., European elm leaf miner, larvae on elm, June 4, F. A. Smith, Ticonderoga Hylotoma pectoralis Leach, birch sawfly, larvae on birch, July, F. Chase, Loon Lake Trichiosoma tibialis Steph., European hawthorn sawfly, cocoon on rose, November 27, England. Through State Department of Agriculture. Same, cocoon on barberry, February 27, Flushing. Through State De- partment of Agriculture Aylax pisum Walsh, gall on Lygodesmia juncea, September 30, E. Bethel, Denver, Col. Rhodites gracilis Ashm., regal rose gall, galls on Rosa blanda, September 209, Mrs E. P. Gardner, Canandaigua. Through S. H. Burnham. Same, gall on rose, October 5, Mrs E. P. Gardner, Canandaigua R. globulus Beutm., globular rose gall, gall on rose, October 5, Mrs E. P. Gardner, Canandaigua Myrmecocystus melliger Llave, honey ant, adult, November 30, E. Bethel, Manitou, Col. Coleoptera. Eccoptogaster quadrispinosa Say, hickory bark borer, larvae on hickory, January 28, J. James de Vyver, Bronxville Corthylus punctatissimus Zimm., pitted Ambrosia beetle, adult on Rhododen- dron, September 13, C. H. Matthiessen; Irvington. Same, work, October I, Charles Goodyear, Tarrytown Cryptorhynchus lapathi Linn., mottled willow borer, grubs and work on poplar, June 18, William Hilligas, Rensselaer Lixas concavus Say, rhubarb curculio, adult, March 31; J. Ry Gallete Kingston Pissodes strobi Peck, white pine weevil, work on pine, January 20, E. H. Anderson, Mount Kisco. Same, larvae and work on pine, July 14, E. R. Pease, Poughkeepsie Galerucella luteola Mill., elm leaf beetle, adults in house, May 28, Mrs A. C. Iceland, Middletown Nodonota tristis Oliv., strawberry root worm, adult on strawberry, June 23, G. W. Tilly, Mechanicville Typophorus canellus Fabr., strawberry root worm, May 8, W. F. Mc- Donough, Albany REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 73 Chrysochus auratus Fabr., gold gilt beetle, adults, November 6, J. J. Sulli- van, Valley Mills Neoclytus erythrocephalus Fabr., adult and work on ash, September 3, Hermann Von Schrenk, St Louis, Mo. Chion cinctus Dru., banded hickory borer, adult, March 16, Mrs C. A. Van Deusen, Hudson Euphoria inda Linn., bumble flower beetle, adult on apple, September 4. Through State Department of Agriculture Allorhina nitida Linn., green June beetle, adult, July 3, W. D. Robertson, roslyn, N: Y. Anomala lucicola Fabr., light-loving grapevine beetle, adult, July 7, E. R. Farrar, South Lincoln, Mass. Lachnosterna fusca Froh., white grubs infested by the peculiar fungus, Cordyceps ravenelii Berk., February 14, W. S. Miller, East Greenbush Sitodrepa panicea Linn., drug store beetle, larvae, adults and work in account book, June 12, Saugerties Manufacturing Company, Saugerties Agrilus ? bilineatus Web., two-lined chestnut borer, work on oak, October 30, C. A. Coffin, Locust Valley Melanophila fulvoguttata Harr., spotted hemlock borer, larva on hemlock, December 2, H. W. Merkel, Scarsdale. Same, January 30, J. Downer, New York City. Same, bark of hemlock, May 16, C. L. Torbert, Syra- cuse Dicerca divaricata Say, divaricated Buprestid, adult, June 20, Charles Mc- Millan, Cambridge Alaus oculatus Linn., owl beetle, adult, June 20, Charles McMillan, Cam- bridge. Same, beetle, July 28, E. V. Titus, Glen Cove Anatis 1I5-punctata Oliv., 15-spotted lady beetle, adult on balsam, June 9, Lake Clear. Through State Conservation Commission Dytiscus harrisii Kirby, water beetle, adult, September 17, Andrew Lacky, Johnsburg Diptera Frontina frenchii Will., adults, March 31, J. R. Gillett, Kingston Bibio albipennis Say, white-winged Bibio, larvae on stable manure, March 28, W. F. Smith, White Plains Contarinia pyrivora Riley, pear midge, larvae on pear, May 7, Thomas Albright, New Baltimore. Same, adult, September, F. V. Theobald, Wye, Kent, England Thecodiplosis ananassi Riley, galls and larvae on Cypress, October 20, W. L. McAtee, Carlisle, Miss. Clinodiplosis florida Felt, gall on oak, May 27, H. Garman, Louisville, Ky. Same, June 13, Charles Goodyear, Tarrytown Monarthropalpus buxa’ Lab. box leat mimer, Jatvae on) "Box, Aweust “21: Roslyn. Through Frost & Bartlett Co., Stamford, Conn. Hormomyia crataegifolia Felt, coxcomb thorn gall, gall on Crataegus, August 12, Roy Latham, Orient Point Cincticornia pilulae Walsh, oak pill gall, gall on oak, October 5, Mrs E. P. Gardner, Canandaigua. Same, October 24, W. L. Mc Attee, Riverdale, Md. Schizomyia coryloides Walsh & Riley, clustered grape gall, gall on grape, August 8, Henry Shelter, Springwater 74 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Lasioptera corni Felt, ocellate dogwood gall, gall on Cornus, September 21, A. Cosens, Toronto, Ont., Can. Dasyneura rhodophaga Cogq., rose gall midge, larvae on rose, July 16, Jackson & Perkins Company, Newark D. communis Felt, galls on red maple, October 9, Mrs P. A. Rorty, Goshen. Same, May 27, H. Garman, Lexington, Ky. Rhabdophaga strobiloides Walsh, pine cone gall, gall on willow, Septem- ber 30, E. Bethel, Denver, ,Col. Camptomyia tsugae Felt, larvae on hemlock, December 2, H. W. Merkel, Scarsdale Stphonaptera Ceratophyllus gallinae Schrk., hen flea, adults in hens’ nests, May 29, Miss Marcia J. Sherwood, Barker Ctenocephalus canis Curtis, house flea, adult, August 26, J. R. Heilman, Poughkeepsie Lepidoptera Laertias philenor Linn., pipe-vine swallowtail, larva on Dutchman’s pipe, June 24, Charles Goodyear, Tarrytown Automeris io Fabr., Io caterpillar, larvae on sweet clover, August 27, Miss Nina Carl, Breesport. Same, larva on corn, September 4, R. L. Cushman, Yonkers Halisidota caryae Harr., hickory tussock moth, larvae on hickory, Sep- tember 27, C. M. Reed, Sinclairville Peridroma margaritosa Haw. var. saucia Hiibn., variegated cutworm, larvae on apple and grass, July 15, Rochester. Through State Department of Agriculture Hadena fractilinea Gr., lined corn borer, larvae on corn, June 19, C. B. Schoonmaker, Stone Ridge Xylina antennata Walk., green maple worm, larva on linden, May 19, Miss Isabella M. Bartlet, New Hamburgh. Same, larvae on apple, June 9, C. A. Clark, Castleton Papaipema ? merriccata Bird, stalk borer, larvae on May apple, May 13, Hermann Von Schrenk, St Louis, Mo. Datana integerrima Grote & Rob., black walnut caterpillar, larva on hickory, September 27, C. M. Reed, Sinclairville Schizura concinna Sm. & Abb., red-humped apple caterpillar, larvae, July 8, J. R. Heilman, Poughkeepsie Hemerocampa leucostigma Sm. & Abb., white-marked tussock moth, larvae on Wisteria, August 27, Miss Nina Carl, Breesport Malacosoma disstria Hiibn., forest tent caterpillar, eggs, December 17, J. J. Levison, Brooklyn. Same, larvae on oak, May 26, F. R. Appleton, Jr., Jericho. Through State Forester. Same, May 30, Charles Hechler, Roslyn, L. I. Same, cocoons, June 21, S. S. Terry, Elizabethtown. Same, larvae and cocoons on maple, June 23, Irving Wynkoop, Granville. Same, eggs on apple, September 5, J. A. Seely, Ogdensburg Cladora atroliturata Walk., imago, April 11, Peter Dunwald, Rio Anisopteryx pometaria Harr., fall canker worm, males, females and eggs, December 3, Interstate Tree Treating Company, Mount Vernon Phigalia titea Cram., imago on forest trees, April 11, Peter Dunwald, Rio REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q13 75 Erannis tiliaria Harr., ten-lined inch worm on linden, May 19, Miss Isabella M. Bartlet, New Hamburg Lagoa crispata Pack., flannel moth, caterpillar on apple, September 18, H. W. Niles, Rye. Through State Department of Agriculture Harrisina americana G. & M., cocoons on Virginia creeper, September 5, Mrs E. H. Cooper, Saratoga Springs Zeuzera pyrina Linn., leopard moth, larva, May 31, A. G. Harris, Pelham. Same, larvae, September 4, Charles Goodyear, Tarrytown Sesia rhododendri Beutm., Rhododendron clearwing, work and larvae on Rhododendron, September 29, H. W. Merkel, New York City Pinipestis zimmermanni Grote, pine tip moth, work on Austrian pine, July 1, Westchester county. Through State Department of Agriculture Tinea granella Linn., European wolf moth, larvae on sweet corn, November 13, F. W. Eberle, Albany Tmetocera ocellana Schiff., bud moth, larva on apple, April 16, G. E. Ward, Ravena. Same, larva on apple, April 17, Theodore Haney, Ravena. Same, larva on plum, April 26, C. B. Jansen, Kingston. Same, larva on pear, April 28, Fred Hunt, Kingston. Same, April 30, H. B. Vincent, Old Chatham. Same, May 15, Clyde St John, Canajoharie Archips argyrospila Walk., fruit tree leaf roller on apple, July 7, Collamer - orchard, Hilton. Through State Department of Agriculture Tortrix fumiferana Clem., spruce bud moth, larva, adult and work on spruce, July 6, George Lintner, Squirrel Island, Me. Same, adults on spruce, July 15, Mrs James T. Gardiner, Northeast Harbor, Me. Eulia politana Haw., pine tube builder, work, November 12, J. J. Levison, Brooklyn Coleophora limosipennella Dup., elm case bearer, work on elm, June 24, Charles Goodyear, Tarrytown Coptodisca splendoriferella Clem., resplendent shield bearer, larvae and cases on apple, January 22, M. C. Albright, West Coxsackie Argyresthia thuiella Pack., Arbor vitae leaf miner, pupae on Arbor vitae, June, Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury.. Larvae of same, October 4 Phyllonoryter hamadryadella Clem., white-blotch oak leaf miner, larval mines on oak, May 28, E. L. Torbert, Syracuse. Same, work on oak, October 22, J. James de Vyver, Mount Vernon Corrodentia Caecilius pedicularius Linn., nymph and adult, October 14, J. H. Gardner, Fort Covington Hemiptera Philaenus lineatus Linn., lined spittle insect on grass, June 23, Mrs M. S. Miller, Boonville Phylloxera caryaecaulis Fitch, hickory gall aphid, galls on hickory, June 20, D. C. Pierce, Hamburg. Through State Conservation Commission. Same, July 10, H. S. Paine, Glens Falls Chermes pinicorticis Fitch, pine bark aphid, adult on white pine, December 6, J. W. L. Coffin, Katonah. Through State Conservation Commission. Same, adult on pine, May 5, Brentwood. Through State Department of Agriculture. Same, June 18, Miss N. Neilson, Nyack 76 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM C. abietis Linn., spruce gall aphid, galls on spruce, January 20, M. S. Cros- by, Rhinebeck. Through State Conservation Commission. Same, gall on Norway spruce, June 16, S. G. Harris, Tarrytown. Same, June 17, C. C. Laney, Rochester. Same. July 10, P. V. D. Gott, Goshen C. strobilobius Kalt., woolly larch aphid, adults and eggs on larch, June 23, Mrs M. S. Miller, Boonville ' C. floccus Patch, galls on spruce, August 23, John Nill, Star Lake Tetraneura ulmisacculi Patch, English elm pouch gall, galls on Ulmus campestris, June 5, Frost & Bartlett Company, Stamford, Conn. Pemphigus ulmifusus Walsh, slippery elm gall, gall on elm, June 24, Charles Goodyear, Tarrytown. Same, August 23, Frost & Bartlett Company, Stamford, Conn. P. tessellata Fitch, alder blight, adults on soft maple, July 5, Townsend Cox jr, Setauket Schizoneura lanigera Hausm., woolly apple aphis on apple, November 5, Richard Harrer, New York City. Same, adults on apple, June 28, G. M. Patten, Poughkeepsie. Same, young on apple, September 5, J. A. Seely, Ogdensburg Longistigma caryae Harr., hickory aphis, adults, June 4, J. F. Rose, South Byron Aphis maidis Fitch, corn leaf aphis on corn, November 2, Roy Latham, Orient Point ? Nectarophora solanifolii Ashm., potato plant louse on potato, September 27, C. S. Conkling, Gouverneur Mindarus abietinus Koch., balsam aphid, work on balsam, June 9, Lake Clear. Through State Conservation Commission. Same, adults and work on balsam, June 21, S. S. Terry, Elizabethtown. Same, June 14, John Nill, Star Lake. Through State Conservation Commission Gossyparia spuria Mod., elm bark louse, females on elm, June 13, C. C. Woolworth, Castleton. Same, adults on elm, June 18, Miss N. Neilson, Nyack Phenacoccus acericola King, false maple scale on hard maple, October 18, A. M. Voorhis, Nyack. Same, November 5, Richard Harrer, New York City. Same, adults on bark, February 17, M. J. Naramore, Ossining. Same, adults on maple, June 28, G. M. Patten, Poughkeepsie. Same, females and young on sugar maple, September 26, J. James de Vyver, Bronxville Pulvinaria acericola Walsh, adults on Cornus, June 13 and 24, Charles Goodyear, Tarrytown P. vitis Linn., cottony maple scale, adults and eggs on soft maple, June 14, Charles R. Towson, New York City. Through State Conservation Com- mission. Same, June 18, E. L. George, New York City. Same, July 14, Carleton Macey, Hewlett. Same, adult on sugar maple, July 15, M. J. Devers, Hoosick Falls Toumeyella liriodendri Gml., tulip tree scale, adults and young on tulip, February 1 and 5, J. H. Livingston, Tivoli. Same, August 15, Mrs T. W. Powell, Flushing, L. I. Same, adults and young on tulip, September 4, Charles Goodyear, Tarrytown REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1913 77 Eulecanium lintneri Ckll, & Benn., sassafras soft scale, adults and young on sassafras, July 21, Roy Latham, Orient Point E. rugosum Sign., quince soft scale, adults on quince, June 3, A. E. Stene, Kingston, R. I. Coccus hesperidum Linn., soft scale, adults on fern, May 29, E. H. Porter, New York City Physokermes piceae Schr., spruce bud scale on spruce, January 209, P. L. Huested, Blauvelt. Same, eggs on Norway spruce, June 12, Arthur Dum- mett, Mount Vernon Chionaspis euonymi Comst., Euonymus scale, adults on privet, probably Ligustrum bota, November 21, Benjamin Hammond, Hudson Heights, N. J. C. furfura Fitch, scurfy scale, eggs, April 17, Theodore Haney, Ravena C. pinifoliae Fitch, the pine leaf scale, adult on Austrian and white pine, November 12, J. J. Levison, Brooklyn. Same, adults on pine, July 12, S. S. Terry, New. York City Diaspis echinocacti Bouché, Cactus scale, adults and young on Cactus, September 30, Porto Rico. Through F. J. Seaver, New York City D. carueli Targ., Juniper scale, adults on Arbor vitae, June 23, Leonard Barron, Garden City Drosicha lichenoides Ckll., fig scale on Ficus nata (fig), October 22, T. D. A. Sackerel: Los Banos, P. I, ‘Coll. C.F. Baker, 1912; cotypes Aonidia lauri Bouché, Bay tree scale on Bay tree, October, T. F. Niles. Through State Department of Agriculture Aspidiotus pernicosus Comst., San José scale, adults and young on rose, January 15, Albany. Through State Department of Agriculture. Same, young on elm, March 3, M. C. Albright, Coeymans. Same, adults and young on pear, July 8, T. E. Bullard, Schuylerville A. ostreaeformis Curt., European oyster scale, adult on apple, May 15, H. M. Doyle, Oswego A. osborni Newell & Cockerell, oak scale, adults on white oak, October, F. J. Stubing, Mount Vernon Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn., oyster shell scale on poplar and maple, December 9, H. W. Gordinier, Troy Neurocolpus nubilis Say, adult on sumac, July 12, L. F. Strickland, Lock- port Paracalocoris scrupeus Say, nymphs on grape, June 13 and July 12, L. F. Strickland, Lockport Lygus pratensis Linn., tarnished plant bug, adults on Chrysanthemum, September 4, L. C. Griffith, Lynbrook Plecoptera Pteronarcys ? biloba Newm., May 8, G. G. Atwood, Albany P. proteus Newm., giant stone fly, adult, June 6, Miss Eliza S. Blunt, New Russia Thysanoptera Euthrips pyri Dan., pear thrips, adults, April 25, F. M. Brooks, Athens 78 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Thysanura Schoturus nivicola Fitch, snow flea, adults, December 26, E. H. Rodgers, Mount Kisco. Through State Department of Agriculture Acarina Eriophyes quadripes Shimer, gall on maple, May 12, Miss Louise Hunter, Cornwall E. abnormis Garm., gall on linden, September 30, E. Bethel, Denver, Col. Bryobia pratensis Garm., red spinder, adults and eggs on Arbor vitae, June 23, Leonard Barron, Garden City REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQ13 79 APPENDIX moLUDY OF GALL SMIDGEHS, i ITONIDIDINAE This subfamily comprises by far the larger number of species belonging to the Itonididae and includes practically all the gall- making forms. Species belonging in this group may be recognized by the metatarsus being always shorter than the following segment and by the presence of but three or four long veins in the wings, in connection with the peculiar circumfili, auditory in function and evidently important, of the antennae. These latter structures appear to be present throughout the subfamily, though they do not occur -in either the Heteropezinae or the Lestremiinae. Species of the two last named groups appear to depend mostly upon various olfactory organs. There is great diversity in this subfamily, though its representa- tives possess much in common. Extreme types of development may be seen in Didactylomyia of the Epidosariae, Clinorhyncha of the Lasiopterariae, Cincticornia of the Asphondyliariae, and in a number of the genera of the Itonididinariae. A large proportion of the species in this subfamily, aside from the Epidosariae, display a marked preference for living plant tissues and may be found inhabiting all portions of a plant, leaf and flower buds being favorite points of attack. Many species produce characteristic galls, while in some instances, at least, several forms may occur in the same gall. Key to tribes a A crossvein uniting the third vein and subcosta and usually parallel with Bro Scat aeats yn eh atata, ote, sic haar aire ey chow age ieee apy a ee rce ices Tribe Epidosariae aa No distinct crossvein uniting the third vein with subcosta b Antennal segments cylindric, the flagellate never binodose in the male c Claws toothed d Costa rarely thickly clothed with scales, the third vein well separated from costa; antennal segments usually stalked WP PHE HAALG Ms thee ca aeroe cig eerste eee Tribe Dasyneuriariae dd Costa thickly clothed with scales, the third vein usually very close to costa; antennal segments cylindric, sessile, not . DEOGUCER’ (aor sate Urea e huare stele Tribe Lasiopteriariae cc Claws simple d Antennal segments cylindric or subcylindric, not elongated, usually stalked in the male......... Tribe Oligotrophiariae dd Antennal segments cylindric, elongate, sessile, the ovipositor HSHoulyy ACICMl ate ol eee aie wees Tribe Asphondyliariae bb Flagellate antennal segments usually binodose in the male, circumfili Hetially eteathy Produced. . tos’ seas heesaebae es Tribe Itonididinariae 80 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM DAS YNEURIARIAE The species belonging to the tribe Dasyneuriariae may be recog- nized by the dentate claws, the third vein well separated from costa and by the antennal segments of the male being almost invariably with a distinct stem. The palpal segments may vary in number from one to four and the antennal segments from 12 to over 20. This group comprises a large number of Phytophagous species, the zoophagous Coccidomyias being exceptions. The two most important genera are Dasyneura and Rhabdophaga, the former being of medium size and usually brownish or yellowish. Rhabdo- phaga includes a number of large, usually reddish or reddish brown species which display a marked preference for woody tissues, especially the cortical layers of willow. Members of these genera occur very largely in leaf folds, leaf buds or loose, leafy bud galls. The reared parasites, recorded on the following pages, have been kindly determined by Mr C. T. Brues of the Bussey Institution. Key to genera a Palpi at least quadriarticulate b Antennae usually with 14 or more segments c Third vein uniting with costa very near or at the wing apex, straisht.and «usually, tapetine distally... 2:2. oa) ae eee d Ovipositor not chitinized apically, claws plainly unidentate.. Rhabdophaga Westw.* dd Ovipositor chitinized apically, bladelike, claws weakly FOOHIEE. LAR ae hue coe ie Proey siip hota shoes cc Third vein uniting with costa distinctly before the wing apex, straight or curved anteriorly and tapering but little distally d Wings hyaline, the membrane not scaled; female ovipositor long, sometimes longer than the body; circumfili not sreathy promuced chads 8 oan Poe Dasyneura Rond’? dd Wings fuscous, the membrane scaled; female ovipositor short; circumfili in male sometimes strongly produced, mtich as in male of Bremia....Lasiopteryx Westw. bb Antennae with II-12, rarely 13-14 segments c Basal clasp segment of the male genitalia rather stout d Third vein nearly straight, uniting with costa near the apex, antennal segments sessile in both sexes........... Arnoldia Kieff. dd Third vein strongly curved, uniting with costa at the distal 4th, antennal segments of the male stemmed...... Sa Neuromyia Felt. * Riveraella Kieff., Trichoperrisia Kieff., Xyloperrisia Kieff. and Pernetty- ella Kieff. appear to be closely related. *We are unable at present to separate satisfactorily Microperrisia Kieff. drom all members of this large series. _ REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1913 81 cc Basal clasp segment of the male genitalia very stout........... Moacrolabis » Kieff. aa Palpi triarticulate b Antennae with 15-20 segments, genitalia of male normal.......... Dryomyia Kieft? bb Antennae with 13-14 segments, the terminal clasp segment of the male genitalia short, swollen, the ovipositor moderate, stout with a slender -.25.... Diaz t hho n our, las helt aaaa Palpi uniarticulate Po Antenualsseementsaiy of Tor clays ittitid os sa... ke selene veges ae Gaia te p fila Taw. \CBraziliam) RHABDOPHAGA Westw. Dichelomyia Rubs. in part Bertieria Kieff. 1847 Westwood, J. O. Gardeners Chronicle, p. 588 1850 Loew, H. Dipt. Beitr., 4:20, 21 (Cecidomyia in part) 1861 Rondani, C. Soc. Sci. Nat. Milano Atti, 2:286 (Cecidomyia in part) 1864 Schiner, J. R. Fauna Austrica Fliegen, 2:369 (Cecidomyia in part) 1876 Bergenstamm, J. E. & Low, Paul. Syn. Cecidomyidarum, p. 24 1892 Rubsaamen, E. H. Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 37:346 (Dichelomyia in part) 1892 Theobald, F. V. Acct. Brit. Flies, p. 50 (Cecidomyia in part) 1896 Kieffer, J. J. Soc. Ent. Fr. Bul., p. 188-89 (Bertieria) 1897 ——————_ Syn. Cecid. de Eur. & Alg., p. 5 (Bertieria) 1900 —————— _ Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., 60:444 mos belt, bk. P: N. Y. State Mus, Bul. 124, py 351 I909 ——————_ Ent. Soc. Ont. 39th Rep’t, p. 45 1910 Rubsaamen, E. H. Zeitsch. Wissenschaft. Insektenbiol., 15 :337 ire orelt, B.. P. N: Y. Ent. Soc.. Jour. 19243 This genus comprises a number of large, usually reddish brown forms breeding mostly in woody galls, particularly those on willow. It intergrades with Dasyneura and the more typical members may be distinguished by the usually tapering third vein uniting with the *Calopedila Kieff. and Spartomyia Kieff. are related forms. *Geocrypta Kieff. is allied to this genus. *Ctenodactylomyia Felt, MS may be separated from Rhizomyia by the larger number of antennal segments and especially by the pectinate claws. *Scheuria Kieff. is recognizable by the unidentate claws and reticulate circumfili. 82 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM margin at or very near the apex of the wing. The type is Cecidomyia viminalis Westw. a species Kieffer considers identical with R. salicis Shrnk. RS EE ee = — = ===> SSS = Se SSS SSS yt Tyee a ee Fig. 14 Rhabdophaga species, showing the general characteristics of the genus (enlarged, original) Key to species a@ 14 antennal segments b Segments sessile; abdomen reddish brown; Reared ‘appareitly trem. a hieidae “ealle. ste eee ee sodalitatis Felt, a1o74b claws rather stout. aa 15 to 17 antennal segments b Females; antennae short, segments sessile c Third vein uniting with the costa at the apex; the ovipositor shorter than the body REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 83 d 17 antennal segments, the fifth with a length twice its diameter; the fourth palpal segment one-quarter longer than the third; the lobes of the ovipositor with a length three times the width. eared from Triticoides and Hoeraecoides. oallsvsot Walshe Jo Accs tee oe sana eee 8 6 Sar triticoides Walsh, a1087x, a1073x, aIIOI, a1076 dd 16 antennal segments e Fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter, tapering distally; the fourth palpal segment with a length one-half greater than the third; the lobes of the ovipositor with a length three and one- half times their width. Reared from an apparently typical Strobiloides gall..persimilis Felt, at811a ee Fifth antennal segment with a length three times its diameter; fourth palpal segment a little longer than the third; lobes of the ovipositor broadly oval, with a length about one-quarter greater than the width. keane trom. Fol yniins . ai e fie aM 1Sa.. 452 yo. ely mi Felt, ©. 1044 ddd 15 antennal segments e Fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter; ovipositor lobe with a length one- quarter greater than its width; abdomen dark red, yellowish basally. Reared from nodular gall at base Of willow twieser . Yess: nodula Walsh, ar4i2 ee Fifth antennal segment with a length two and one-half times its diameter; ovipositor lobe with a length three times its width; the third and fourth palpal segments equal. Réeared trom willow jEwie ics cot. sae es sn. ramuscula Felt, atg4ga ? C. 1242 cc Third vein uniting with the costa a little before the apex; ovipositor long d 15 antennal segments e Fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter ‘f Fifteenth antennal segment slightly extended, with a length only three times its diameter, the fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third. Reared from rolled willow leaves.............. Plueata Pelt. CG) 1637 ee Fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter f Fifteenth antennal segment reduced, partly fused with the fourteenth; fourth palpal segment twice the length of the third; reared from crumpled soft maple. leat... 2.40%; rileyana Felt, C. 1041 ff Fifteenth antennal segment normal, with a length three times its diameter; fourth palpal segment with a length one-half greater than the third; reared from maple leaves..aceris Shimer a2344 84 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM fff Fifteenth antennal segment extended, with a length fully five times its diameter; third and fourth pal- pal segments equal; ovipositor lobe with a length four times its diameter. Reared from small, clustered, rosette bud galls on willow.........- racemi Felt, C. 1245 dd 17 antennal segments e Wings broad; fifth antennal segment with a length one- half greater than its diameter; fourth palpal segment with a length twice that of the third; ovipositor lobe with a length two and one-half times its diameter.... marge inata Melt eae ee Wings narrow; fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter; the fourth palpal segment one- quarter longer than the third; ovipositor lobe with a length three times its width. Reared from irregular twig gallon willow..>. 2... . salacas Schrank arg5o bb Males; antennal segments stemmed c Stem of fifth antennal segment with a length one-quarter that of the basal enlargement. Reared! iromt rose.....-...52.e- rosacea, Felt, ©. 7244 cc Stem of fifth antennal segments with a length one-half that of the basal enlargement d Antennae slender, the basal enlargement of the fifth seg- ment with a length twice its diameter; the palpi slender, the fourth one-quarter longer than the third; harpes with a long chitinous process apically. Reared from willow [Ey ara og RI ROME AGERE Ps a 5 ele ramuscula FKelk anaiea dd Antennae stout, the basal enlargement of the fifth segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter; the third and fourth palpal segments equal; harpes without long chitinous processes apically. Reared from a nodular gall at the base of willow twig..nodula Walsh, ar412, C. 779 ccc Stem of fifth antennal segment with a length three-quarters that of the basal enlargement d Antennae nearly as long as the body e The basal enlargement of the fifth antennal segment with a length twice that of its diameter f Wings broad with a length only about one-half greater than the width g 17 antennal segments, the fourth palpal seg- ment one-half longer than the third. Reared from apparently normal willow buds....... latebrosa Felt, C. a1958 ff Wings slender, with a length about two and one- half times their width g Claws strongly curved, the basal tooth long h 17 antennal segments, the basal enlargement of the fifth with a length two and one- half times its diameter; the fourth palpal REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 85 segment one-quarter longer than the third. Reared from irregular stem gall on WHLLOWT. ccee kis Ole 2 saltecis Schrank, a1356 gg Claws long, slightly curved, the basal tooth small h 17 antennal segments, the basal enlargement of the fifth ovate, with a length twice its diameter..californica Felt, C. 1012 hh 18 antennal segments, the fifth having the basal enlargement cylindric, with a length two and one-half times its diameter...... OCe Ldedt ta lts) helt . 1072 ee Basal enlargement of the fifth antennal segment with a length only one-half greater than its diameter f 16 antennal segments; reared from a Triticoides and Fltondeatdesssealle Of PYValsih... foc ees 6 tse oe genoa tfiticoides Walsh, a1076, alo87c al003 dd Antennae about two-thirds the length of the body e Subcosta uniting with the margin just before the basal half f 15 antennal segments, the fifth having the basal en- largement with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third; reared from maple leaves aceris Shimer, a2344 ff 16 antennal segments, the fifth having the basal en- largement with a length twice its diameter; the fourth palpal segment twice the length of the plat tae S Gap Pests oats) Dirat en si se relt. Cs 141 fff 16 antennal segments, the fifth having the basal en- largement one-half longer than its diameter; the third and fourth palpal segments equal; reared from small clustered rosette bud galls on willow rece mi Pelt C. 1245 ee Subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal third f Fifth antennal segment having the basal enlargement with a length one-half greater than its di- ameter g 15 antennal segments; the ventral plate slender, deeply emarginate, the lobes short; harpes BHDACHHE®] 6% sc a Cems Ol ae Delta n Gu 230 ff Fifth antennal segment having the basal enlarge- ment with a length twice its diameter g 15 antennal segments; harpes obliquely truncate with conspicuous quadrate teeth; reared from a subglobular polythalamous gall on side of willows, twice: sex. a gtobosa Felt, a1084 gg 17 antennal segments; harpes subacute with variable quadrate teeth; reared from a Triti- coides and Hordeoides gall of Walsh...... triticoides Walsh, a1o76, a1087, a1093 S86 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM cecc Fifth antennal segment with a stem one-quarter longer than the basal enlargement d 16 antennal segments; the dorsal plate triangularly incised; ventral plate deeply and narrowly incised; reared from a deformed willow bud.......... gemmae Felt, C. 254 ceccc Fifth antennal segment with a stem three times the length of the \basal, enlargement. 22.20.27 porreeta ni osp,, ‘Cy 130% aaa 18 to 20 antennal segments b Females, antennal segments sessile _ c 18 antennal segments d Antennal segments tapering distally e Length 2.5 mm; abdomen dark brown; the fifth anten- nal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter; thinly setulose; the fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third; reared from whitish cocoons on poplar..populi Felt, C. 78x, a322, a1126 ee Length 3 mm; abdomen dark brown; the fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter; thickly setulose; fourth palpal segment one-quarter longer than the third; reared from a small, oval, rosette gall On pwalloweencneawaue notmaniiana Melt) Cy 1246 eee Length 3.5 mm; abdomen reddish brown; the fifth an- tennal segment with a length two and one-half times its diameter; fourth palpal segment a little longer than the third; reared from slender willow twigs.... Ga ulaco la Pelt, Care22 eeee Length 1.5 mm; abdomen reddish brown; the fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter; thickly setulose; the fourth palpal segment one- quarter longer than the third; reared from twigs on Cephalanthwus. <3): 3.0: cephalanthi Melty C@. 1046 cc 19 or 20 antennal segments d Abdomen dark brown; the fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter; the third and fourth palpal segments equal; reared from a gouty twig gall on willow..:... batatas Walsh, a686, aI1o2, aI108& dd Abdomen reddish brown; the fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter; the fourth palpal segment one-quarter longer than the third; reared from a fleshy pouch wall on: sSpiraca) lea. nto th pete. chk ke aedueee cee Sale io ta helt. (CoiTo4ss arses bb Males, antennal segments stemmed c Stem of the fifth antennal segment one-third the feet of the basal enlargement d 19 antennal segments; length 3 mm; dorsal plate very deeply incised, almost divided; the harpes truncate............ GOs © biti na Heli C. zo dd 18 antennal segments; length 2 mm; dorsal plate very deeply emarginate; harpes subtriangular; reared from whitish COCOON Mon poplar toa, - > po pid Belt, Ney 78x, A322 a1126 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q13 87 cc Stem of the fifth antennal segment one-half the length of the basal enlargement d@ Lensth 2.5 mm; harpes rotinded distally. ..........<:0.2.:. absobrina Kelt; €..40 ccc Stem of the fifth antennal segment with a length three-quarters that of the basal enlargement d Length 2.5 mm; ventral plate long, narrowly and deeply incised; reared from gouty gall on willow twig.......... batatas Walsh, a686, ar1o2, ar108 dd Length 2 mm; ventral plate long, deeply and roundly emarginate; reared from slender willow twigs.......... caulicola Felt, C. a1822 ddd Length 2 mm; ventral plate broad, deeply and roundly emarginate; reared in jar containing Schizomyia (HOM Ie Salis | OltySTANE: os 2). He.0 ce. c/vlah edie en ace nie Sve . hirticornis Felt, arg4o, algq4I cccc Stem of the fifth antennal segment as long as the basal enlarge- ment d Length 1.5 mm; ventral plate long and broadly rounded distally; reared from pouch fold gall on Spiraea leaf.... salicifolia-Felt, at505 aaaa 21 or more antennal segments b Females, segments sessile or subsessile c Length 4 mm; 22 to 23 antennal segments, the fifth with a length twice its diameter; abdomen dark reddish brown; reared from inconspicuous swellings on willow twigs........ podagrae Felt, a1399, a1o76y" cc Length 5 mm; 26-29 antennal segments. Reared from clustered EOSERCE all POM (wake WIllOWs. 02d aise «c,s ated aane wes rhodoides Walsh, C. 1247, 775-77 ccc 25 to 26 antennal segments; lateral whitish tufts on abdomen usually well marked; lobes of ovipositor oval with a length twice their breadth; reared from pine cone gall on willow.... strobiloides Walsh cccc 24 antennal segments; the lateral tufts on abdomen not well marked; lobes of ovipositor long, narrowly oval, with a length two and one-half times the width; reared from leafy rosette Salat nwa Jias eee 3 pose woh brassicoides Walsh bb Males, antennal segments stemmed c Stem of the fifth antennal segment with a length three-quarters that of the basal enlargement, males d 23 antennal segments; the fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third; apical processes on harpes short, broadly rounded; length 4 mm; lateral tufts on abdomen well marked; reared from pine cone gall on willow...... strobiloides Walsh, a1173, aI340, a1442, C. 1248 *We have placed Rhabdophaga cornuta Walsh here provisionally owing to the similarity of the galls. 88 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM dd 22 antennal segments; fourth palpal segment as long as the third; the apical chitinous processes on the harpes long, subquadrate; length 3.5 mm; lateral tufts on abdomen not well marked; reared from leafy rosette gall on Willllionyy ey ee ae seuet es brassicoides Walsh, ai433, at46q ddd 23 to 25 antennal segments; harpes broadly truncate; length 4 mm; reared from large loose apical leaf gall on willow Prhodoides Walsh, €..775-77, 124 dddd 21 to 23 antennal segments; length 3 mm; reared from slightly. swollen wallow twigs...) e.se¢ ee ce eS ee eee podagrae Felt, a1390, a1076y Rhabdophaga sodalitatis Felt 1908 Felt, BP. IN: Y. State Mus) Bulk i242 ps 35 The reddish brown female described below was reared at Albany, N. Y. April 13, 1906, from what appeared to be a typical Phyto- phaga rigidae gall on willow, Salix. Female. Length 3 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a length two and one-half times its diameter; terminal segment produced, with a length four times its diameter, subacute apically. Palpi; first segment long, expanded distally, the second as long as_ the first, rectangular, the third a little longer than the second, more slender, the fourth one-fourth longer than the third, slender. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum reddish brown. Abdomen dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark red, subcosta uniting therewith at the basal third. Halteres yellowish brown. Legs brownish yellow, the tarsi darker; claws slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor nearly as long as the abdomen, the terminal lobes with a length nearly five times the width, tapering, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. a1o74b. Rhabdophaga triticoides Walsh 1864 Walsh, B. D. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc., 3:598 (Cecidomyia); p. 599 (GC hordeordes ) 1867 ——————_ Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc., 6:225 (Cecidomyia) 1906, Pelt, ‘E.° Py sins. Affect) (Prk & VWWdld.Wreesy N; Yo) State sus: Mem. 8, 2:745 (Cecidomyia and C. hordeoides ) 1908 ——_————__N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 351, 353 1908 Jarvis, T. D. Ent. Soc. Ont. 38th Rep’t, p. 87-88 I9g09 ——————__ Ent. Soc. Ont. 39th Rep’t, p. 92 1912 Cosens, A. Canad. Inst. Trans., 9 :322-23 (Cecidomyia) The gall of this species was recorded by Walsh as being very rare.on Salix cordata near Rock Island HL What awe take to be a modified form of this gall was also described under the name of C. hordeoides. This gall is rather common in REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q13 89 the vicinity of Albany, N. Y., has been taken by Miss Cora H. Clarke at Magnolia, Mass., is listed from Ontario, Canada, by Jarvis and is presumably widely distributed. In early August the yellowish larvae may be found in cylindric, brown, hard cells 4 to 5 mm long and 1.5 mm in diameter. These cells are evidently in or near the center of a leaf bud and are sur- rounded by softer, green tissue from which they may frequently be drawn in part at least. The infestation by this midge results in dwarfing the buds and surrounding tissues, thus producing the characteristic “ wheat-ear” deformity. The developing gall may be readily detected by the thick cluster of small leaves. The insect winters in the gall, the midges appearing in early spring. Several parasites have been reared from this deformity, Eupelmus meyorhizoxeni Asbo, . Elaty2as-ter obscuri- mennis Ashm, Polynema striaticornis Girault and species of Polygnotus and Torymus. Gall. The gall of this species is an irregular enlargement I to nearly 3 cm long and about 6 mm in diameter. It is evidently caused by the dwarfing of a number of adjacent buds and presents a remote resemblance to a head of wheat. See plates 13, 14. Larva. Length 2 mm, stout, whitish or yellowish white; breast- bone bidentate, the shaft obscure. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae two-thirds the length of the body, light brown; 17 segments, the fifth with a stem about 24 the length of the enlargement. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, second broader, almost oval, the third more slender, the fourth one-fourth longer. Head dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown, sublateral lines ornamented with yellowish white hairs. Scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen dark brown, the latter rather thickly clothed with yellowish hairs and with silvery reflections laterally. Wings hyaline, tinged with reddish about the base; costa dark brown; halteres yellowish transparent at base, fuscous apically. Legs light brown, silvery ventrally, tarsi darker; claws slender. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, terminal clasp segment broad at base. Dorsal plate broad, deeply emarginate; ventral plate broad, broadly emarginate. Harpes stout, with a stout, quadrate and a subconical tooth distally. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae about one-half the length of the body, light brown; 17 segments, the fifth nearly cylindric, sessile. Palpi; first segment slightly elongate, expanded distally, second suboval, third slightly fusiform and a little longer, fourth more slender and one-fourth longer. Head dark brown. Mesono- tum dark brown, submedian lines ornamented with yellowish white hairs. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum lighter. Ovipositor long, acutely rounded. Cecid. ariotr. go NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Rhabdophaga persimilis Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 351 This moderate sized, reddish or dark brown species was ap- parently reared at Albany, N. Y., April 11, 1908 from a rather typical though slender R. strobiloides Walsh gall. It is possible that this species came from an unrecognized twig gall. Polygnotus species was also obtained. Female. Length 3 mm. Antennae extending to the second ab- dominal segment, reddish brown; 16 sessile segments, the fifth tapering distally, with a length fully twice its diameter; terminal segment produced, evidently composed of two closely fused, sub- acute. Palpi; first segment short, stout, the second stout, with a length three times its width, the third a little longer, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum and postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres probably yellowish brown. Legs dark brown, the tarsi almost black; claws stout, strongly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor about one-half the length of the abdomen, the terminal lobes with a length three times the width, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. a181lIa. Rhabdophaga elymi Felt 1909 Felt, E. P. Econ. Ent. Jour., 2:289 This reddish brown female was reared January ig, 1891 from Elymus americanus collected at Alameda, Cal. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the second ab- dominal segment, light brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a length at least three times its diameter; terminal segment produced, with a length two and one-half times its diameter and occasionally partially fused with the preceding. Palpi; first segment short, stout, the second narrowly oval, the third one-half longer than the second, slender, the fourth a little longer and more slender than the third. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines fuscous yellowish. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Ab- domen light reddish brown. Wings hyaline, costa pale straw. Halteres pale yellowish basally, reddish brown apically. Legs mostly a dull yellowish brown; claws slender, evenly curved, the basal tooth slender, pulvilli longer than the claws. Ovipositor stout, about one-quarter the length of the abdomen, the lobes broadly oval. Type Cecid. 1044. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I913 QI Rhabdophaga nodula Walsh 1864 Walsh, B. D. Ent. Soc. Phil. Proc., 3:599 (Cecidomyia) to00 Felt, E. P. Ins. Affect. Prk. & Wdld. Trees, N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 8, 2:745 1908 ——————_ NN Y.. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 351, 352 1908 Jarvis, T. D. Ent. Soc. Ont. 38th Rep’t, p. 87 1909 —————— Ent. Soc. Ont. 39th Rep’t, p. 92 This gall was recorded by Walsh as being rare on Salix longifolia near Rock Island, Ill. It is somewhat common in the vicinity of New York City, though it does not appear to be abundant around Albany. The insects winter in the gall, appearing in early spring. A circular gallery is first excavated nearly to the surface, leaving only a thin piece of bark attached by a few fibers here and there, which is readily pushed aside by the pupa as it emerges, the empty exuvium being left partly extruded. Platy- gaster obscuripennis Ashm. and Polygnotus species have been reared from this gall. Gall. The gall of this species is a small, nodular swelling, usually encircling the base of the smaller branches. See plate 8, figure 1 and plate 12. ; ; Male. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth ab- dominal segment, fuscous brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem three-fourths the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter tapers slightly at each extremity; terminal segment prolonged, narrowly oval, irregularly rounded apically. Palpi; the first segment long, slightly swollen distally, the second shorter than the first, stout, irregularly subquadrate, the third a little longer than the second, more slender, slightly swollen distally, the fourth as long as the third, flattened, broader; face and mouth parts fuscous. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines thickly clothed with rather long, fuscous setae. Scutellum dark brown with numer- Ous apical setae, postscutellum orange. Abdomen dark brown, the segments rather thickly margined posteriorly with long, fuscous hairs; genitalia dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa with the basal half black, the distal portion reddish. MHalteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs a nearly uniform dark brown; claws long, slender, slightly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment short, stout; terminal clasp segment stout at base, obtuse; dorsal plate broad, long, deeply and triangularly in- cised; ventral plate broad, deeply and triangularly incised. Harpes broad, tapering, broadly rounded or subtruncate. Female. Length 3.5 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, sparsely haired, dusky yellowish, apical seg- ments reddish; 15 segments, subsessile, tapering; the fifth with a Q2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM length fully twice the diameter; face fuscous. Mesonotum reddish brown, the submedian lines distinct, rather thickly clothed with fuscous setae. Scutellum dark red, with a few apical setae, post- scutellum and basal abdominal segment yellowish, the other ab- dominal segments dark red with a yellowish cast apically, each margined posteriorly with a rather thick conspicuous row of black setae; ovipositor orange. Wings, costa dark brown. Halteres fuscous yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Claws shorter than the pulvilli. Ovipositor probably one-half the length of the body, the terminal lobe short, broad, with a length about one-half greater than itsdiameter,, Ceeidiarare: Rhabdophaga ramuscula Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 351 This species was reared April 22, 1907 from a willow, Salix twig gall having every appearance of that of R. batatas taken on Staten Island. Gall. Apparently identical in appearance with that of Rhabdo- phaga batatas Walsh. Male. Length 1.75 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, dark brown; 16 or 17 segments, the fifth with a stem about three- fourths the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement; terminal segment narrowly oval. Palpi; first segment short, subrectangular, slightly swollen distally, the second a little longer, rounded at the extremities, the third as long as the second, more slender, the fourth one-half longer and slightly stouter than the third. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines rather thickly clothed with fine, yellow- ish hairs. Scutellum reddish brown, with a few long, yellowish setae apically, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown, the segments posteriorly sparsely clothed with fine hairs, the geni- talia and venter rather thickly so. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres pale orange basally, fuscous apically. Legs reddish brown, the tarsi darker; claws long, slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, stout; terminal clasp segment enlarged basally; dorsal plate broad, broadly and triangularly emarginate; ventral plate long, deeply and triangularly incised. Harpes short, stout, distally two or three long, diverging processes, each with a length two or three times its diameter. Female. Length 2mm. Antennae about two-thirds the length of the body, dark brown; 16 segments, the fifth subsessile, cylindric; with a length nearly twice the diameter; terminal segment slightly prolonged, acute distally. Ovipositor nearly one-half the length of the abdomen, terminal lobes long, broad, broadly rounded. Other- wise as in the male. Type Cecid. a1449a. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q13 93 Rhabdophaga plicata Felt To08 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 352 This species was reared from closely rolled leaves of willow May 21, 1886, presumably by Mr Pergande. The same National Museum note refers also to Lupinus arborea and there is a bare possibility that the two plants may have been confused. Gall. The gall from which this insect was bred appears like several closely rolled terminal leaves. Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae probably extending to the second abdominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown; 15 seg- ments, the fifth with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the terminal segment produced, with a length about three times its diameter. Palpi; first segment rather long, subquadrate, the second broadly oval, the third more slender, one-half longer, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Mesonotum dark brown, the sub- median lines thickly haired. Scutellum yellowish brown, post- scutellum darker. Abdomen reddish brown, sparsely haired. Wings hyaline, costa reddish brown. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs a variable reddish brown, tarsi slightly darker; claws very strongly curved, the pulvilli about as long as the claws. Ovipositor about one-half the length of the abdomen, the terminal lobes long, slender, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 1037. Rhabdophaga aceris Shim. 1868 Shimer, Henry. Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans., 1:281-83 (Cecidomyia) 7005 Washburn, F. L. Minn. Agric. Exp’t Sta. Bul. 93; p. 65 (Ce- cidomyia) 1906 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 8, 2:728 (Cecidomyia) 1911 —————— _ Econ. Ent. Jour., 4:452 (Cecidomyia) 1912 —_————._ NN. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour., 20:239-40 The midge was reared by Doctor Shimer in midsummer from pale or whitish larvae on the surface of white or silver maple leaves, Acer saccharinum. Doctor Shimer states that this species produces whitish cocoons upon the leaves, the midges emerg- ing therefrom a week or two later. We have referred midges (a2344) reared by J. S. Houser of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster, Ohio, August 9 and 26, 1912 to this species, and, in order to establish its identity more fully, published descriptions of both mexes. Ihis form is closely related to R. riléyana Felt, the later being most easily distinguished by the long fourth palpal segment, it having a length twice that of the third. A study of a large series may show R. rileyana to be only a variety of Shimer’s species. Q4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Rhabdophaga rileyana Felt 1909 Felt, E. P. Econ. Ent. Jour., 2:289 This species was reared by C. V. Riley June 15 and July 3, 1877 from a crumpled soft maple leaf having a portion badly folded, the folds being very irregular, thickened and somewhat shriveled. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown; 15 segments, the fifth with a length twice its diameter, terminal segment slightly reduced, tapering from the distal fourth and slightly fused with the pre- ceding. Palpi; first segment short, stout, subquadrate, the second narrowly oval, the third a little longer, more slender, the fourth twice the length of the third, slender. Mesonotum shining dark brown. Scutellum and postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen yellowish brown; ovipositor yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa light brown. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs yellowish brown, the tarsi somewhat darker; claws long, slightly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor about one-half the length of the abdomen. Type Cecid. 1041. Rhabdophaga racemi Felt 1908 Felt, EP. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 352, 353 This reddish brown species was reared May 11, 1906 by Mr Norman Criddle of Aweme, Manitoba, from small, clustered galls arising from‘adjacent willow buds. Gall. This is a small, clustered, rosette deformity arising from the closely set buds, the tip of the twig apparently becoming stunted on account of the infestation. The individual galls are about 2 cm long, I cm in diameter and composed of numerous closely set, aborted leaves, the central ones somewhat longer than the others and variously curled. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae as long as the body, rather thickly haired, yellowish brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half greater than its diameter; terminal segment slightly reduced, narrowly oval. Palpi; first segment short, stout, the second broadly oval, the third stout, with a length four times its width, the fourth a little longer, more slender. Mesonotum dark brown, the yellowish submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutel- lum fuscous yellowish, postscutellum darker. Abdomen reddish brown. Wings hyaline, costa reddish brown. MHalteres yellowish transparent. Coxae and femora basally yellowish, the distal por- tion of femora and tibiae reddish brown, the tarsi mostly dark brown; claws strongly curved, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout; terminal clasp segment stout; dorsal plate broad, deeply and triangularly incised, ventral plate REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQ13 95 long, slender, deeply and roundly emarginate. Harpes stout, irreg- ular apically; style stout. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae extending to the third abdominal segment, thickly haired, dark brown; 15 segments, the fifth with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the terminal segment greatly produced, with a length four times its diameter, broadly rounded apically. Ovipositor about as long as the abdomen, the lobes slender, with a length four times the width, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 1245. Rhabdophaga marginata Felt ta08 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 352 This brown female was taken on choke cherry, Prunus mitSiniana, at Albany, N. Y., May 23, 1906 Female. Length 2.5mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown; 17 segments, the fifth sub- Fig. 15 Rhabdophaga marginata, ovipositor enlarged, the tip more enlarged (original) sessile, subcylindric ; terminal segment much prolonged. ne 71 the length of the preceding. Palpi; the rd ec ines slightly swollen distally, the second one-half longer, suboval the third one-fourth longer than the second, slender, slightly swollen distally, the fourth nearly twice the length of the third, slender Mesonotum brown with apparently three rows of lone hairs coal- escing at the scutellum, which latter is covered with the same Scutellum and postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen brown. the segments margined posteriorly with pale hairs. Wings hyaline ate ee ee ae fea claws slender, strongly curved. positor nearly as long as the body; di g ee ye seen ns dy; distal lobes long, slender, 96 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Rhabdophaga salicis Schrk. European willow gall midge 1803 Schrank, F. v. P. Fauna Boica III, 69, 2310 (Tipula) 1902 Felt, E. P. Inj. & Other Ins. N. Y. 17th Rep’t p. 741-44 1906 —————— _ Ins. Affect. Pk. & Wdld. Trees, N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 8, 1 :299-302 1906 ——————._ Ins. Affect. Pk. & Wdld. Trees, N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 8, 2:620 1908 ——————._ NN. Y.. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 353 This European gall midge has evidently become well established in this country. It was first brought to our attention in 1898 by the reception of some European willow twigs kindly sent by Mr H. C. Peck of Rochester. The insects were reared therefrom, but the species was not determined beyond question till living material was submitted, in 1902, to Prof. J.. J. Kiefer, the recognized European authority upon this group. This midge was doubtless introduced with imported nursery stock. Some infested willows were probably used around bundles of imported trees. The flies escaping therefrom made their way to willows growing in the vicinity of the packing grounds. This species attracted notice in the vicinity of Rochester because of the irregular, usually fusiform enlargements on young willow canes. These abnormal growths made the willows brittle and consequently unfitted them for binding bundles of nursery stock, for which they are extensively employed by many nurserymen. This species may eventually prove a serious pest to growers of willows for basket purposes. Life history. Adults were reared from infested galls from May 22d onward. Other specimens, received directly from the field June 3d, were disciosing flies, showing that in nature the adults issue at this time. The pupae, like those of many Itonididae, wriggle partly out of the gall before disclosing the adult, and so many may emerge from one that it presents a somewhat peculiar appearance after the flies have escaped on account of the numerous white projecting pupal cases. The reddish, oval eggs were deposited by captive flies on the leaves in irregular clusters or groups of three to six or more. The duration of the egg stage and of the larval existence was not de- termined. It seems very probable that there is but one generation annually. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 Q7 Rhabdophaga rosacea Felt moc Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 354 The male of this species was received May 15, 1906 from Mr Norman Criddle, Awema, Manitoba. The gall of presumably the same species (C. 1268) was found September 30, 1907 by Mr L. H. Weld, on a wild rose, Rosa, growing on low sand dunes at Beach, Iil., near Waukegan. Gall. An apical loose bud gall some 2 to 2.5 cm in diameter and 3 to 3.5 cm long, the component leaflets rather loose, the general appearance being somewhat similar to that of the pine cone gall on willow, plate 11. There is an elongate central cell containing the pinkish larva. Larva. Length 3 mm, stout, pale orange. Head small; antennae short, tapering; breastbone obsolescent. Skin coarsely shagreened ; posterior extremity slightly lobed.. Larva from Illinois specimens and tentatively referred to this species. Male. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the third abdo- minal segment, yellowish brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem one-fourth the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length twice its diameter; terminal segment reduced, narrowly oval and sometimes fused with the preceding. Palpi; first segment pro- duced, expanded distally, second with a length three times its width, the third a little longer, more slender, the fourth a little shorter than the third, dilated. Body probably reddish brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. MHalteres probably yellowish and fus- cous. Legs presumably fuscous yellowish, the tarsal segments darker; claws rather slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, stout; terminal clasp segment short, greatly swollen basally ; dorsal plate deeply and triangularly emarginate; ventral plate rather short, deeply and triangularly emarginate. Harpes rather broad, truncate, dentate. Type Cecid. 1244. Rhabdophaga latebrosa Felt 1909 Felt, E. P. Econ. Ent. Jour., 2:290 . This species was reared at Albany, N. Y., May 7, 1909, presum- ably from apparently normal willow buds, though the one bud show- ing an exit hole did not appear as though it has been recently deserted by a fly. This species was taken at Albany, N. Y. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae as long as the body, fuscous yellowish; 17 segments, the fifth with a stem three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length two and one-half times its diameter; terminal segment reduced, narrowly oval. Palpi; first segment irregular, rectangular, the second with a length three times its diameter, the third a little shorter than the second and the fourth one-half longer and more slender than 98 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the third. Mesonotum reddish brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum and postscutellum dark brown, the latter orange mesially. Abdomen sparsely haired, yellowish brown; genitalia fuscous. Wings broad, hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yel- lowish basally, fuscous apically. Coxae and femora basally fuscous yellowish, the femora distally, tibiae and tarsi mostly dark brown; claws strongly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender; terminal clasp segment slightly swollen basally; dorsal plate broad, deeply and triangularly emar- ginate; ventral plate broad, broadly and triangularly emarginate. Harpes stout, irregularly tuberculate. Type Cecid. a1958. Rhabdophaga californica Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 353 The dark, reddish brown male described below was taken in Santa Clara county, California, in June. Nothing is known con- cerning its life history. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, light brown; 17 segments, the fifth with a stem about three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length about twice its diameter and tapers at both extremities ; terminal segment short, stout, broadly oval. Palpi; the first segment rather slender, narrowly oval, the second a little longer, subrectangular, stouter, the third one-half longer and more slender than the second, the fourth one-half longer and much more slender than the third. Mesonotum dark brown, shining, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum light reddish brown, postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen dark reddish brown, rather sparsely haired. Wings hyaline, costa light brown. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs a nearly uniform light reddish brown, the distal tarsal segments somewhat darker; claws long, rather slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, — stout; terminal clasp segment short, stout at base; dorsal plate © short, deeply and triangularly incised; ventral plate long, broad, — deeply and roundly emarginate. Harpes long, broad, tapering, distally a group of five or six long, slender, chitinous processes. Type Cecid. 1012. Rhabdophaga occidentalis Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 353 This male was taken in Santa Clara county, California, in June. Male. Length 2mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, dark brown; 18 segments, the fifth with a stem about three-fourths the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length three times its diameter; terminal segment greatly reduced, broadly fusiform. Palpi; first segment stout, with a length three times its diameter, the second broadly oval, a little shorter, the third one-half | : haired. Scutellum dark brown, with numerous coarse setae apically, postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen dark reddish brown; genitalia slightly lighter. Wings hyaline, costa pale straw. Hal- teres pale yellowish. Legs a nearly uniform light yellowish brown; claws long, slender, strongly curved, minutely unidentate, the pul- REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IO13 QQ longer than the second, slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely villi longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, stout; terminal clasp segment long, stout; dorsal plate long, deeply and triangularly emarginate; ventral plate long, broad, very deeply and roundly emarginate. Harpes long, narrowly rounded. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, probably brown; 17 subsessile segments, the fifth with a length three and one-half times its diameter; terminal segment greatly produced, composed of two closely fused segments, narrowly rounded apically. Ovipositor about one-half the length of the body, the terminal lobes broad, with a length one-half greater than their width, broadly rounded. Other characters nearly as in Mie male. Type Cecid. 1073. Rhabdophaga pratensis [elt toos Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 353 The dark brown male described below was taken on red clover, Peeeitolium pratense; at Albany, N. Y., June 4, 1906. Male. Length 3 mm. Antennae probably extending beyond the base of the abdomen, dark brown; at least 12, probably 16 seg- ments, the fifth with a stem about two-thirds the length of the sub- cylindric basal portion. Palpi; the first and second segments sub- equal, broadly oval, the third a little more prolonged, slender, the fourth over twice the length of the preceding, much more slender. Mesonotum, scutellum and ‘postscutellum very dark brown. Ab- -domen dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa reddish brown. Halteres pale. Legs pale brown or reddish, tarsi a little darker; claws stout, strongly curved at the distal third. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout; terminal clasp segment stout, obtuse; dorsal plate broad, deeply and triangularly incised; ventral plate broad, deeply and roundly emarginate. Harpes stout, subtriangular, the broadly rounded apex bearing three long, subquadrate processes. Type Cecid. 141. Rhabdophaga acerifolia Felt n007 Felt, E. P. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 112. Sep. p. 16 1908 —_—_—_——__ NN Y.. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 354 This dark brown male was taken on a hedgerow composed of maple, elm and various bushes at Albany, N. Y., May 17, 1906. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae about two-thirds the length of the body, dark brown; 15 segments, the fifth with a stem two- 4 TOO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM thirds the length of the slightly swollen basal enlargement; term- inal segment prolonged, rounded at base, obtuse apically. Palpi; the first segment short, swollen distally, the second nearly twice the length of the first, elliptical, the third a little longer, more slender than the second, and the fourth a little longer than the third. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum dark brown and orange, basal abdominal segment dark brown, the others light brown, all sparsely clothed with whitish hairs, genitalia drak brown. Wing, pl.5, fig. 2. Costa dark brown. Halteres yellow- ish transparent, somewhat fuscous apically. Legs variable brownish, tarsi darker; claws rather stout, strongly curved. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout; terminal clasp segment broad at base, tapering; dorsal plate broad, deeply emarginate ; ventral plate slender, deeply emarginate. Harpes stout, tapering, irregularly rounded, subacute. Type Cecid. 36. Rhabdophaga globosa Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 354 This species was reared at Albany, N. Y., May 7, 1906 from willow, Salix, twigs bearing small, rounded galls, a portion of the surface showing a discolored dead area. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae two-thirds the length of the body, light brown; 15 segments, the fifth with a stem about two- thirds the length of the enlargement. Palpi; the first segment short, slightly swollen distally, the second and third subequal, rather slender, the fourth more slender and about one-half longer than the third. Head fuscous. Mesonotum dark brown with the sub- lateral lines marked by yellowish white hairs. Scutellum reddish brown. Abdomen dark brown, rather sparsely clothed with yellow- ish white hairs and with silvery white reflections laterally. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish transparent basally, reddish brown apically. Legs dark brown, silvery ventrally; tarsi blackish. Genitalia; basal and terminal clasp segments stout; dorsal plate broad, deeply excavated; ventral plate narrow, deeply emar- ginate. Harpes thick, convolute, a bidentate quadrate tooth distally. Type Cecid. a1o84a. Rhabdophaga gemmae Felt 1908. Felt, E. P.. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 354 This male was reared at Albany, N. Y., from a peculiar, stunted, elongate willow, Salix, tip in the middle of June 1900. Gall. This appears much like a thickened bud, the scales being closely set beside each other, the deformity being approximately an inch long, with a rounded, somewhat loose tip. The cocoons were found lying between the imbricated bud scales. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae longer than the body, light REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q13 ‘ IOI brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem one-fourth longer than the basal enlargement; terminal segment slightly prolonged, sub- oval. Palpi; the first segment subquadrate, somewhat dilated dis- tally, the second a little stouter and longer than the first, the third one-half longer than the second, mofe slender, the fourth nearly twice the length of the third, more slender. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines sparsely ornamented with light setae. Scutellum light brown with sparse apical setae. _Abdomen nearly uniform dull brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown; halteres whitish transparent. Legs light brown; claws stout, uniformly curved. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, stout ; terminal clasp segment stout at base. Dorsal plate broad, deeply and triangularly incised ; ventral plate stout, broad, deeply and narrowly incised. Harpes stout, subtriangular. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, light brown ; 14 segments, the fifth sessile; terminal segment slightly prolonged, narrowly oval. Palpi; the first segment subquadrate, swollen distally, the second longer than the first, subrectangular, the third a little longer, more slender, the fourth longer than the third. Ovipositor nearly as long as the body, terminal lobes long, slender, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 254. Rhabdophaga porrecta n. sp. This remarkable form was taken April 5, 1908 by C. P. Alex- ander at Gloversville, N.-Y. It is anomalous in that the antennal characters are most suggestive of the Epidosariae, while the wing, tarsal and genitalic characters indicate strong affinities with this genus. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae probably three or four times the length of the body, dark brown, with at least 9 and probably 16 segments, the fifth having a stem with a length about three times that of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length twice its diameter. Palpi; first segment short, stout, narrowly oval, the second one-half longer and a little stouter, the third nearly twice the length of the preceding, the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum dark reddish brown, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dull reddish brown, the pleurae dark brown, genitalia fuscous yellowish. Wings narrow, hyaline, costa light brown. Halteres pale yellowish. Coxae dark brown, femora dull brown, tibiae and three basal tarsal segments fuscous yellowish, the distal tarsal segment variably tinged with reddish and reddish brown; claws long, slender, evenly curved, pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, with a conspicuous apical lobe internally; terminal clasp segment long, stout; dorsal plate long, broad, broadly and triangularly incised; ventral plate long, broad, broadly and roundly emarginate. Harpes stout, acute apically. Type Cecid, £301. [O2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Rhabdophaga populi Felt 1907 Felt; E. -P. Nv 'Y.State’Mus? Bal. 1309. 172) "Sens p. 16 1908 —————— _ NN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 354, 355 This dark brown species was reared at Albany, N. Y., May 25, 1909 from cocoons taken at the base of poplar, Populus tremuloides, buds collected at Karner, N. Y. The midge winters in the cocoon, appearing in early spring. A species of © Polygnotus was reared from this gall. Cocoon. Oval, whitish, about 2 mm long. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending nearly to the tip of the abdomen, sooty yellowish; 18 segments, the fifth with a stem one-third the length of the basal enlargement; terminal segment reduced, suboval. Palpi; first segment broad, subrectangular, sec- ond a little more slender, longer, the third one-half longer than the second, more slender, the fourth one-fourth longer than the third, fusiform and more slender; face dark brown, narrowly margined with silvery white; mesonotum dark brown, with submedian lines of silvery white hairs and groups of the same at the base of the wing. Scutellum dark brown, postscutellum. reddish brown. Ab- domen dark brown, thinly clothed dorsally and thickly so laterally with silvery hairs. Wings hyaline, costa and subcosta light brown, tinged with reddish near the apex. Halteres reddish transparent at base, yellowish red apically. Legs nearly uniform brown dorsally, silvery ventrally; tarsi possibly a little darker; claws stout, uni- formly curved. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout; terminal clasp segment swollen at the basal fourth; dorsal plate broad, deeply emarginate; ventral plate broad, deeply incised. Harpes subtri- angular, tapering, obtuse, with a minor chitinous lobe bearing a long, slender, obtuse tooth. See plate 5, figure 1 and plate 7, figure 2, for illustrations of the wing and genitalia respectively. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, yellowish brown; 18 segments, the fifth subsessile, the enlargement having a length one-half greater than its diameter; terminal segment reduced, subovoid. Palpi; first segment stout, subquadrate, second one-half longer, subrectrangular, the third more slender and one-fourth longer than the preceding, the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender; face yellowish brown, margined posteriorly with silvery gray hairs. Abdomen dark brown, » incisures dark reddish, the segments fringed posteriorly with silvery hairs and the sides rather thickly clothed with the same. Ovipositor about one-third the length of the abdomen, the terminal lobes long, — narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. a322. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQ13 103 Rhabdophaga normaniana Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 354 This species was reared May 17, 1906 from a small apical gall on willow, Salix, received from Mr Norman Criddle, Aweme, Manitoba. Gall. A small, oval terminal bud gall resembling an aborted Rhabdophaga brassicoides gall. Female. Length 3.5 mm. Antennae extending to the second ab- dominal segment, dark brown; 18 segments, the fifth with a length about twice its diameter; terminal segment produced, with a length two and one-half times its diameter. Palpi; first segment subtri- angular, second rectangular, with a length three times its width, the third a little longer, more slender, the fourth longer and more slender than the third. Mesonotum shining black, sparsely haired. Scutellum and postscutellum shining black. Abdomen sparsely haired, dark reddish brown. Wings hyaline, costa fuscous yellow- ish. Halteres whitish fuscous subapically. Legs mostly fuscous yellowish, the distal tarsal segments darker; claws stout, strongly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor about half the length of the body, the lobes with a length two and one-half times” the width, narrowly rounded. Male. Length 3 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, dark brown; 22 segments, the fifth with a stem one-half the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half greater than its diameter ; terminal segment reduced, narrowly oval. Palpi; first segment with a length twice its diameter, the second a little longer, more slender, the third longer and more slender than the second, the fourth as long as the third, slender. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, terminal clasp segment long, stout; dorsal plate deeply and triangularly incised; ventral plate deeply and roundly emarginate. Harpes long, stout, truncate, with a large, quadrate tooth. Type Cecid. 1246. Rhabdophaga caulicola Felt moog Felt, E..P. Econ. Ent. Jour., 2:290 This reddish brown species was reared in April 1908 from slender willow twigs similar to those producing Sackenomyia pack- ardi Felt and collected by Mr L. H. Weld at Evanston, IIl. Eurytoma and Decatoma species were reared, presumably from this midge. Gall. This species was reared from long, slender, hardly swollen willow, Salix, twigs similar to those producing Sackenomyia mackardi. Larva. Length 3 mm, dark orange, moderately stout. Head small; antennae short; breastbone bidentate, the anterior lateral 104 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM angles greatly produced though not dentate as in Sackenomyia, the shaft slender, strongly chitinized. Skin coarsely shagreened; pos- terior extremity broadly rounded. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth abdo- minal segment, dark brown; 18 or Ig segments, the fifth with a stem about three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length about twice its diameter, terminal segment some- what produced, cylindric, with a length about three times its diameter and distally tapering irregularly to a subacute apex. Palpi; the first segment irregular, stout, with a length over twice its diameter, the second a little shorter, subrectangular, the third one-half longer than the second, more slender, the fourth about as long as the third. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines thickly haired. Scutellum dark brown, postscutellum fuscous yel- lowish. Abdomen dark reddish brown, sparsely haired; genitalia dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa yellowish, subcosta uniting with the anterior margin before the basal half. Halteres fuscous, reddish apically. Legs tinged with reddish and thickly clothed with silvery scales ; claws long, slender, evenly curved, the pulvilli a little longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender; ter- minal clasp segment rather short, stout; dorsal plate long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate ; ventral plate long, broad, deeply © and roundly emarginate. Harpes long, stout, tapering, irregularly truncate, with several subquadrate chitinous spurs. Female. Length 3.25 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, light brown, the basal segments fuscous yellow- ish; 18 segments, subsessile, the fifth with a length about two and one-half times its diameter; terminal segment slightly produced, with a length over twice its diameter and tapering to an acute apex. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, subquadrate, the second with a length about two and one-half times its diameter, subrectangular, the third about as long as the second, more slender, the fourth a little longer and more slender than the third; face fuscous yellowish. Mesonotum reddish brown, the submedian lines thickly haired. Scutellum reddish orange, postscutellum orange. Abdomen reddish brown, membrane and pleurae deep orange; ovipositor fuscous yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres light fus- cous yellowish. Coxae and base of femora fuscous yellowish, the femora distally, tibiae and tarsi dark brown, the latter almost black; the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor about as long as the abdomen, the terminal lobes with a length nearly four times their width, tapering, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. a1822. Rhabdophaga cephalanthi Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 355 This yellowish brown form was reared at the division of ento- mology, United States Department of Agriculture, from twigs of button ball, Cephalanthus occidentalis, .colleeted_ by Rev. J. L. Zabriskie at Nyack, N. Y., January 7, 1884. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 105 Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae probably nearly as long as the body, fuscous yellowish; presumably 18 segments, the fifth with a stem about three-quarters the length of the subcylindric basal en- largement, which latter has a length fully twice its diameter. Mesonotum reddish brown. Scutellum yellowish brown, postscutel- lum a little darker. Abdomen a dark yellowish brown, somewhat darker basally and apically. Wings hyaline, costa fuscous yel- lowish. Halteres probably pale yellowish. Legs a nearly uniform yellowish straw. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, stout; ter- minal clasp segment stout; dorsal plate broad, deeply and tri- angularly emarginate ; ventral plate long, broad, deeply and roundly -emarginate. Harpes long, stout, obliquely truncate, with chitinous tubercles at the external angles. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, fuscous yellowish; 18 segments, the fifth with a length twice its diameter, tapering distally; terminal segment re- duced, narrowly oval. Palpi; first segment short, stout, subquad- rate, the second suboval, the third one-half longer, more slender, the fourth as long as the third. Mesonotum reddish brown. Scutel- lum and postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen reddish brown, sparsely clothed with fuscous scales, the posterior segments thinly clothed with long, yellowish setae; ovipositor pale yellowish. Halt- eres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs mostly dark reddish brown; claws stout, strongly curved, the basal tooth heavy, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor two-thirds the length of the abdomen, the terminal lobes slender, with a length four times their width, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 1048. Rhabdophaga batatas Walsh Willow potato gall 1864 Walsh, B. D. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc., 3:601-6 (Cecidomyia) 1870 —————— _ Amer. Ent., 2:299, 301 (Eurytoma studiosa Say and Decatoma nubilistigma, parasites, Cecidomyia) geo Cockerell, T. D. A. Ent., p. 270-80 1892 Beutenmueller, William. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 4, p. 268 (Cecidomyia) . meavrariatt..C. b&b. U.S. Dept “Agric., Div.,.of Ent, Tech. Ser.» 3; meee Nematus fur ? = Amauronematus luteotergum reared from gall) moo smith, J. B.. List Ins. N. J., p.. 620 1904 Beutenmueller, William. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Guide Leaflet 16, p. 29 1900 Felt, E. P. Injur. & Other Ins. N. Y., 21st Rep’t, p. 119-22 ee — ins. Affect, | Pri.) & | Wald. Trecs: N.Y. state “Mus. Mem. 8, 2:745 f006 Jarvis, T. D. Ent. Soc. Ont. 38th Rep’t, p. 86 foe Felt, E. P.. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 355 709 Jarvis, IT. D. Ent. Sec. Ont. Bul. 30th Rep’t, p. o2 1912 Cosens, A. Canad. Inst. Trans., 9:324-25 106 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM This somewhat characteristic gall is rather common upon willow, Salix, twigs in the vicinity of Albany, N. Y. and in the neighborhood of New York City. [Illinois specimens in the Museum of Com- parative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., are smaller than those commonly occurring in this State. Apparently the same gall has been received from Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, Colorado. The adults winter in the gall, appearing in-early spring. The wing and genitalia are illustrated on plate 5, figure 4 and plate 7, figure 3 respectively. The gall is a very irregular, polythalamous enlargement occurring | on the shoots of the low swamp willow, Salix humilis. It varies greatly in size and somewhat in form. See plate 9, figure 1. Polygnotus species was reared from this gall. Rhabdophaga salicifolia Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. New Species of Cecidomyiidae II, p. 12-13 1908 ——————. _ N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 293-04, 355 This characteristic gall is somewhat common on meadowsweet, Spiraea salictfolia, in the vicinity of Atbany. Neva is quite abundant in some sections of eastern Massachusetts. It was taken by Miss Cora H. Clarke in the vicinity of Magnolia, Mass. The midges were reared in July 1907 from galls taken near Albany, NEY‘ Terymus-ostensackenii D.. TY. was also. reanem from this gall. Gall. This is a thickened, greenish fold of the midrib 1 to 1.5 cm long and about 6 mm in diameter, plate 4, figure 12. It is in- habited by several pale yellowish larvae. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae probably a little longer than the body, dark brown; at least 12 and probably 20 segments, the fifth with a stem about as long as the basal enlargement, which latter has a length nearly twice its diameter. Palpi; first segment short, stout, irregularly subquadrate, the second stout, rounded at the extremity, subrectangular, with a length fully twice the diameter, the third one-half longer and more slender than the second, the fourth a little longer and more slender than the third; face fuscous. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum a deep reddish brown, postscutellum dark fuscous. Ab- domen dark brown, sparsely clothed with fine hairs. Wings hya- — line, costa light brown. Halteres fuscous basally, fuscous yellowish apically. Legs a somewhat variable fuscous yellowish, the femora basally light yellowish; claws long, slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli a little longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp seg- ment long, stout; terminal clasp segment short, stout; dorsal plate short, broadly and triangularly incised; ventral plate long, broad, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q13 107 broadly and roundly emarginate. Harpes short, stout, scarcely tapering, irregularly truncate and with several chitinous spurs. Female. Length 2.5mm. Antennae extending to the fourth ab- dominal segment; fuscous yellowish; 20 sessile segments, the fifth with a length fully two and one-half times its diameter; terminal segment greatly produced, narrowly rounded distally. Abdomen very sparsely clothed with fine hairs, brown, the incisures and pleurae deep orange, the ovipositor pale yellowish, ventral sclerites dark brown. Ovipositor probably one-half the length of the abdo- men, the terminal lobes long, narrowly oval. Type Cecid. a1505. The following references apply with little question to the species described above. It may be noted that this gall occurs on Spiraea mmnciiotia, 5S. tomentosa and S. betulaefolia. 1867 Osten Sacken, C. R. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc., 6:220 1907 Jarvis, T. D. 37th Rep’t Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 68 1907 Cook, M. T. Acad. Sci. Proc., Sep. p. 8 1908 Jarvis, T. D. Ent. Soc. Ont., 38th Rep’t, p. 88 1909 —————— Ent. Soc. Ont., 39th Rep’t, p. go 1910 Stebbins, F. A. Springf. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 2, p. 35 Rhabdophaga consobrina Felt mee Belt, BoP. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 113, Sep. p. 17 1908 ———_———_ NN. Y.. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 355. This dark brown male was taken May 17, 1906 at Albany, N. Y., in the vicinity of maple, elm and various bushes. Male. Length 3 mm. Antennae shorter than the body, dark brown; 19 segments, the fifth with a stem about one-third the length of the basal enlargement; terminal segment greatly prolonged, broadly rounded apically, slightly constricted at the distal third. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines rather thickly dark haired. Palpi; first segment subquadrate, the second one-half longer than the first, a little stouter, the third a little longer than the second, more slender and the fourth one-half longer than the third. Scutel- lum dark brown, thickly clothed with yellowish white hairs, post- scutellum reddish anteriorly, dark brown posteriorly. Abdomen dark brown, sparsely clothed with whitish hairs. Wings subhyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish transparent at base, fuscous apically. Legs dark brown, lighter ventrally; tarsi darker; claws stout, strongly curved. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout; ter- minal clasp segment swollen basally; dorsal plate deeply incised ; ventral plate narrow at base, dilating distally, deeply and triangularly emarginate. Harpes convolute, broadly truncate and with a sub- quadrate, chitinous process apically. Type Cecid. 39. See plate 5, figure 3 and plate 7, figure 4 for illustrations of the wing and genitalia respectively. 108 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Rhabdophaga absobrina Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 113. Sep. p. 16-17 1908 ——————___ NV Y.. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 355 This dark brown male was taken May 17, 1906 at Albany, N. Y., in the vicinity of maple, elm and various bushes. Male. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, dark brown; 19 segments, the fifth with a stem about one-half the length of the basal enlargement; terminal segment pro- longed, broadly rounded. Palpi; first segment subquadrate, the second and third one-half longer than the first, a little more slender, the fourth one-quarter longer than the third; face dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown with distinct sublateral and submedian rows of golden yellow hairs. Scutellum and postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen dark brown, rather thickly clothed laterally with silvery white hairs in patches. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish transparent basally, fuscous apically. Legs a variable brown, lighter ventrally; tarsi dark brown; claws slender, strongly curved. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout; terminal clasp segment swollen at base, obtuse; dorsal plate deeply incised, almost divided ; ventral plate broad at base, deeply incised. Harpes stout, strongly chitinized internally, slightly convolute, broadly rounded and with two apposed subquadrate chitinous processes. Type Cecid. 4o. Rhabdophaga hirticornis Felt 1909 Felt, E. P.. Econ. Ent. Jour., 2:200 This species was reared at Albany, N. Y., September 20, 1908 and April 1909 from jars containing various Cecidomyiid galls, notably those of Caryomyia persicoides and Schizomyia pomum. It is probable that the association of this insect with these two species was accidental. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, 18 segments, the fifth with a stem three-quarters the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-quarter greater than its diameter; terminal segment reduced, narrowly oval. Palpi fuscous yellowish; first segment irregularly subquadrate, the second with a length five times its diameter, the third a little longer, dilated, the fourth as long as the third, slender. Mesonotum reddish brown, the submedian lines and anterior and lateral margins thickly white-haired. Scutellum and postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen dark brown, the segments sparsely margined posteriorly with whitish hairs; pleurae yellowish white, venter pale yellowish; genitalia fuscous yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish transparent. Coxae and femora basally yel- lowish, the distal portion of femora and tibiae fuscous yellowish, the tarsi mostly dark brown; claws large, slender, curved, unidentate, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender; terminal clasp segment long, stout; dorsal plate rather REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q1T3 TOQ long, broad, deeply and narrowly incised; ventral plate long, deeply and broadly emarginate. Harpes rather long, broad. Female. Length 2.25 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, dark brown; 19 subsessile segments, the fifth cylindric, with a length one-half greater than its diameter ; terminal segment somewhat produced, narrowly oval. Palpi fuscous yel- lowish, the first segment presumably subquadrate, the second stout, with a length about three times its diameter, the third as long as the second and the fourth a little longer than the third. Meso- notum dull black, the submedian lines and sublateral areas thickly clothed with pale yellow hairs. Scutellum reddish brown, post- scutellum darker. Abdomen dark brown, the segments sparsely margined posteriorly with yellowish hairs, incisures and pleurae deep reddish; ovipositor fuscous yellowish. Wings as in the op- posite sex. Halteres pale orange basally, yellowish apically ; coxae dark brown; femora and tibiae mosty fuscous yellowish, tarsi dark brown; claws and pulvilli as in the male. Ovipositor about half the length of the abdomen; terminal lobes with a length about five times their width. Type Cecid. a1g4t. Rhabdophaga podagrae Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 355 This species produces rather long inconspicuous swellings in willow, Salix, twigs, the dark brown midges appearing in early spring. This gall was taken at East Schodack, N. Y. Polygnotus and Eurytoma species were reared from shoots infested with larvae of this midge and those of Sackenomyia packardi Felt. The same insect appears to produce a fusiform gall 4 by .6 cm on Salix cordata, since specimens were received from Dr A. Basens, Toronto, Can., Sept. 2, 1913. — Eg — i Ss Fig. 16 Rhabdophaga podagrae, gall (natural size, original) — Gall. A uniform swelling of the twig some 5 to 7 cm in length and about I cm in diameter, irregularly channeled by orange larvae. See plate 8, figure 2. Male. Length 3mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, dark brown; 21 segments, the fifth with a stem about three-quarters the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length about one-third greater than its diameter; terminal segment reduced, broadly fusiform, obtuse apically. Palpi; first segment subrectangular, slightly swollen distally, the second one-half longer, more slender, the third one-quarter longer and more slender than the second, and the fourth a little longer than the third; face fus- cous, sparsely clothed with light hairs, narrowly margined posteri- orly with white. Mesonotum dark brown, sparsely bordered later- [IO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ally with yellowish hairs, the submedian lines thickly clothed with diverging yellowish hairs. Scutellum dark brown with a few yellowish setae apically ; postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown, sparsely clothed with fine hairs, the segments margined posteriorly with longer setae; venter sparsely clothed with short, yellowish setae. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yel- lowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs rather variable brown, tarsi dark brown; claws long, slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout ; terminal clasp segment slender, tapering; dorsal plate long, broad, deeply and narrowly incised; ventral plate broad, tapering, broadly and deeply incised, the lobes long, narrow, tapering, obtuse. Harpes broad at base, tapering, obtuse, entire surface evenly covered with short, stout setae ; style short, stout, broadly rounded. Female. Length 4 mm. Antennae extending to the third abdo- minal segment, dark brown, the basal segment thickly clothed vent- rally with silvery scales; 22 or 23 segments, the fifth subsessile, subcylindric, with a length about twice the diameter; the distal two or three segments in the specimen described are fused into a spiral compound mass, the apex obtuse. Abdomen dark reddish brown, the segments sparsely margined posteriorly with pale yellowish hairs, the incisures deep red, the ovipositor pale fuscous yellowish, the venter dull reddish brown, the median sclerites a dark brown and sparsely clothed with short, silvery hairs. Wungs hyaline, costa dark brown; the ovipositor at least one-half the length of the abdomen; terminal lobe long, broad, acute. Otherwise nearly as in the male. Type Cecid. a1399. Rhabdophaga cornuta Walsh 1864 Walsh, B. D. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc., 3 :624-26 (Cecidomyia) 1870 ——_———— Amer. Ent., 2:299 (Eurytoma studiosa Say, reared, Cecidomyia) 1906 Felt, E. P. Ins. Affect. Prk. & Wdld. Trees, N. Y. State- Mus. Mem. 8, 2:735 This species appears to inhabit willow stems in very much the same way as the preceding midge. It is possible that they are closely related. The larva, according to Walsh, bores cylindric holes into the solid wood of the largest willow, Salix, stems. They generally work rather close to the point from which galls of R. brassicoides arise and usually where the growth of a good sized willow stem has been arrested. These midge larvae produce elongate, oval swellings. The interior of the galleries is always much blackened and discolored. The first sign of infestation 1s usually the circular exit hole. It is recorded as very rare near Rock Island, Ill. We have observed a very similar gall rather commonly on willow at West Nyack, N. Y., though we have been unable to rear a midge therefrom. Eurytoma studiosa Say was reared from the gall of this species. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 EW Rhabdophaga rhodoides Walsh 1864 Walsh, B. D. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc., 5 :586-88 1867 ——————__ Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc., 6:224 mo Marlatt, (CC: Lb.) U:. S) Dep't: Agtic; Div; Ent., Tech. Ser...3, pi 22 (Nematus inquilinus reared from gall) fea Pelt, EP. Ins.; Affect. Prk & Wdld; Trees, .N. “Y. State Mus. Mem. 8, 2:745 This rather large, loose gall on willow, Salix, appears to be the work of a western or central species, since we have it only from Hlinois and Aweme, Manitoba. Gall. Vhe midges undoubtedly winter in the gall. Specimens of this gall in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., show that the head is much looser than is the case with the gall produced by R. strobiloides and that the distal third of the central leaves is free, while most of the basal leaves are entirely so. The gall is smaller and the aborted leaves shorter and more compact than they are in the deformity produced by Rhab- mephagca coryloides, Male. Length 3.5 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, reddish brown; 25 segments, the fifth with a stem about one-half the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length twice its diameter; terminal segment fused with the preceding. Palpi; first segment with a length about three times its diameter, the second twice the length of the first, the third a little longer than the second, more slender, the fourth about as long as the second, slender. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutel- lum reddish brown, postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen rather thickly haired, dark reddish brown. Wangs hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres brownish basally, yellowish white apically. Coxae dark brown; femora, tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown, the distal segments somewhat darker; claws stout, strongly curved, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender, terminal clasp segment long; dorsal plate long, deeply and triangularly incised; ventral plate long, deeply and triangularly emarginate. Harpes long, broadly rounded. Female. Length 5mm. Antennae extending to the second abdo- minal segment, reddish brown; 29 sessile segments, the fifth with a length about twice its diameter ; terminal segment tapering distally and slightly fused with the preceding. Palpi; first segment with a length about two and one-half times its diameter, the second a little longer, the third one-half longer than the second, more slender, the fourth about as long as the third, slightly dilated. Ovipositor about one-quarter the length of the abdomen, terminal lobes with a length about two and one-half times the diameter, narrowly rounded. Cecid. 1247. IT1I2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Rhabdophaga strobiloides Walsh 1862 Osten Sacken, C. R. Mon. Dipt. N. A., 1:203 (Cecidomyia) 1864 Walsh, B. D. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc., 3:580-82 (Cecidomyia) 1867 ——-=— _— | Ent: Soc: Piula» Proc; 6:200 (4 pion lanuginosum (walshii) reared, Cecidomyia) 1869 Riley, C. V. & Walsh, B. D. Am. Ent., 1:105 (Cecidomyia) 1869 Packard, A. S. Guide to the Study of Insects, p. 377 (Cecidomyia ) 1870 Walsh, B. D. Am. Ent., 2:299 (Eurytoma studiosa Say reared, Cecidomyia) 1874 Glover, Townend. MS. Notes from My Journal, ipl. di -tes as (Cecidomyia) 1884 Smith, J. B. Am. Ent. Soc. Trans., 11:57-58 (Apion walshii Smith reared, Cecidomyia) 1800 Riley, C. V. & Howard, L. O. Ins. Life, 27453 (C hefourms parvus Say reared, Cecidomyia) 1892 Beutenmueller, William. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 4, p. 267-68 (Cecidomyia) 1894 Comstock, J. H. Man. for the Study of Insects, p. 455 (Fig.) 1300, Marlatt, CE. WS) Dept Agric. Div. Ent., Tech. “Ser. 3, p- 22 (Nematus pomum reared, Cecidomyia) 1900 Smith, J. B. List Ins. N. J., p. 620 (Cecidomyia ) 1904 Beutenmueller, William. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Guide Leaflet 16, p. 28 (Cecidomyia) 1904 Cook, M. T. Dep’t Geol. Nat. Res. Ind. 29 Rep’t, p. 840 (Cecidomyia) 1906 Felt, E. P. Ins. Affect. Prk. & Wdld. Trees, N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 8, 2:639, 746 1007 Janvis, <. D. Ent. Soc: Ont. 37th Rep’t, p. 66 to08. Pelt; EB. P. ON; ¥2, State: Maus: Bul. 124, p. 355, 3560 og) Ret SOC Ont. nett, p02 (Cecidomyia ) 1909 Brodie, William. Can. Ent., 41:249-51 1910 Cook; M. T. Mich. Geol. & Biol. Surv. Pub: 1, Biol. Seri, 9. Ss (Cecidomyia ) 1910 Stebbins, F. A. Springf. Mus. Nat. list. Doles) pe wer 1912 Cosens, A. Canad. Inst. Trans., 9 :325 This gall is a somewhat comrhon one in New York State and New England. The dark brown adults pass the winter as larvae in the gall, appearing in early spring. Polygnotus species was reared from this gall. Gall. This is a loose, cabbagelike apical deformity some 2 to 21%4 cm in diameter and about 3 to 4 cm long. The bracts give shelter to the larvae of several inquilines. Male. Length 4 mm. Antennae about two-thirds the length of the body, dark brown; 23 segments, the fifth with a stem about three-quarters the length of the basal enlargement; terminal seg- ment somewhat prolonged. Palpi; first segment irregularly sub- quadrate, slightly swollen distally, the second longer, a little stouter, the third a little shorter and more slender than the second, the fourth about one-third longer than the third, more slender; face REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 lh! fuscous. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines thickly clothed with long, gray setae. Scutellum dark brown or black with numerous long, gray setae apically, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown, incisures dull red, the segments margined posteriorly, especially later- ally, with long, grayish white setae; venter rather thickly clothed with short, silvery setae. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres a dull salmon, fuscous subapically. Legs a vari- able gray, the femora and tibiae with sparse, irregular dark brown markings; tarsi dark brown or black; claws rather short, stout, strongly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, stout; terminal clasp segment swollen at the base; dorsal plate broad, deeply and triangularly in- cised; ventral plate long, stout, deeply and rather broadly emarginate. Harpes long, stout, convolute, obliquely truncate. Female. Length 4 to 5 mm. Antennae ex- tending to the third abdomifial segment, dark brown; 25-20 subsessile subcylindric segments, the two terminal ones usually fused, subobtuse distally. Ovipositor reddish brown; venter Fig. 17 Rhabdo- with the median sclerites dark brown, sparsely phaga strobi- clothed with short, silvery hairs, the sublateral loides, typical gall areas suffused with the same. Legs somewhat (natural size, origi- variable yellowish or reddish brown, the fem- nal) oral and tibial articulations deep red; tarsi normally dark brown. Ovipositor about one-half the length of the abdomen, the terminal lobe broad, tapering, narrowly rounded. Otherwise nearly as in the male. Cecid. a1442. Rhabdophaga brassicoides Walsh Willow cabbage gall 1864 Walsh, B. D. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc., 3:577-80 (Cecidomyia) 1869 Packard, A. S. Guide to Study of Ins., p. 377 (Cecidomyia) 1870 Walsh, B. D. Amer. Ent., 2:299 (Eurytoma studiosa Say, reared, Cecidomyia) 1800 Cockerell, T. D. A. Entomologist, p. 280 (Cecidomyia) 1892 Beutenmueller, William. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 4, p. 268 (Cecidomyia) | 1895 Townsend, C. H. T. Can. Ent., 27:205-7 (Cecidomyia) 1896 Marlatt, C. L. U.S. Dep’t Agric., Tech. Ser. 3, p. 22 (Pteronus mendicus, reared, Cecidomyia) 1900 Smith, J. B. List Ins. N. J., p. 620 (Cecidomyia) F900 Felt, E. P. Ins. Affect. Pk. & Wdld. Trees, N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 8 2:563, 567, 745, 746 (Cecidomyia) tt. £ Ti4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 1908 Jarvis, T. D. Ent. Soc. Ont., 38th Rep’t, p. 87 1900, === | Eat? Socs!Ont. 306 sep t, paE 1910 Stebbins, F. A. Springf. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 2, p. 11 This small, close apical gall on willow is very common. in New York State. The larvae inhabit a large central cell and transform to adults in early spring. The male has 23 antennal segments, the fifth with a stem three-quarters the length of the basal enlargement. The female has 24 antennal segments, the fifth with a length about one-quarter greater than its diameter. Gall. Length and diameter approximately 1 to 2 cm. This is a close, apical gall and is composed of a series of broad, appressed rudimentary leaves. Male. Length 3.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, light brown fuscous basally, 23 segments, the fifth with a stem about three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length slightly greater than its diameter; terminal seg- ment frequently somewhat reduced and partially fused with the preceding. Palpi; first segment rather short, slightly swollen dis- tally, with a length fully twice its diameter, the second cylindric, one-half longer than the first, the third as long as the second, and the fourth a little longer than the third, all nearly equal in size, thickly clothed with narrow scales and sparsely so with stout setae; face fuscous, sparsely clothed with yellowish setae, obscurely margined posteriorly with fine, yellowish hairs. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines and lateral margins thickly clothed with rather long, spreading yellowish setae. Scutellum a deep red with numerous yellowish setae apically, postcutellum darker. Abdomen dark brown, rather thickly and uniformly clothed with yellowish setae. Genitalia slightly darker. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous yellowish apically, dark brown subapically. Legs a fuscous yellowish basally, the tarsi mostly dark brown; claws long, stout, strongly curved, the puvilli longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, stout ; terminal clasp segment long, slender; dorsal plate broad, deeply and rather broadly incised; ventral plate long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate. Harpes long, narrow, obtuse, apically a heavy, broad, subquadrate, chitinous process. Female. Length 4 mm. Antennae extending to the third ab- dominal segment, dark brown; 24 segments, the fifth cylindric, sub- sessile, with a length about one-fourth greater than its diameter, the last segment prolonged. Scutellum dark brown with numerous pale yellowish setae apically, postscutellum a reddish brown. Ab- domen dark brown, the segments margined posteriorly with rather long, whitish hairs, most abundant laterally, incisures deep red, venter sparsely suffused with silvery white scales, yellowish red the median sclerites dark brown. Ovipositor about one-half the length of the abdomen, the terminal lobes long, stout, broadly rounded. Otherwise nearly as in the male. Cecid. a1433._ REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 115 DASYNEURA Rond. Perrisia Rond. Dichelomyia Rubs. in part. Neocerata Cog. 1846 Rondani, Camillo. Nouv. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bologna, S. 2, 6:371 (p. 371, footnote Perrisia proposed, type C. urticae) 1850 Loew, H. Dipt. Beitr., 4:20 (Cecidomyia) 1861 Rondani, Camillo. Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Milano 2:2 1862 Osten Sacken, C. R. Dipt. N. Am. Mon., 1:175 (Cecidomyia) 1864 Schiner, J. R. Fauna Austrica Dipt., 2:369 (Cecidomyia) 1876 Bergenstamm, J. E. & Low, Paul. Syn. Cecidomyidarum, p. 23 1877 Karsch, F. A. F. Revis. Gallmucken, p. 15 1888 Skuse, F. A. A. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales Proc., 3:37, 38, 42, 43, 60, 61 (Cecidomyia) 1892 Rubsaamen, E. H. Berl. Ent. Zeit., 37:346 (Dichelomyia in part) 1892 Theobald, F. V. Acct. Brit. Flies, p. 50, 52 (Cecidomyia) 1895 Kieffer, J. J. Wien. Ent. Zeit., 15:86 1806 Soc. Ent. Fr. Bul., 65:189 (Bertieria) 1897 ——————__ Syn. Cecid Eur. & Alg., p. 6 (Perrisia) moo Coquilett, D. W.-.)U. S. Dep't Agr: Bur; Ent. Bul. 22, n. -s., p. 44 (Neocerata) 1900 Kieffer, J. J. Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., 69: 440 1901 —————— Suite Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 16 (Neocerata) 1904 —————— _ Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann., 38: 13 (Perrisia) 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 340-42 1910 Rubsaamen, E. H. Zeitsch. Wissenschaft. Insektenbiol., 15 :337 murmelt., BH. P. UN: V: Ent. Soc.jours 19°43 This genus comprises a large number of medium and rather small, usually dark brown insects which breed by preference in leafy tissues. The group intergrades with Rhabdophaga and the more typical forms may be distinguished therefrom by the heavy, nearly uniform third vein uniting with the margin well before the miex of the wing. The type is Dasineura Iuteofusca Rond. There has been in earlier years a most unfortunate disagreement as to the concept represented by the genus Cecidomyia. A number of the earlier authors have insisted on applying this generic designa- tion to a series of species which we have referred to this genus and its allied forms. Contemporaries of some of these earlier writers have insisted, and we believe rightfully, that Cecidomyia could be applied only to a series of insects represented by the Cecidomyia pini of DeGeer and have used the term Dasy- neura for species referable to this group. The consequence has 116 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM been that some writers have employed the designation of Cecid-' omyia to represent a certain group of insects, while others have used it in a totally different sense. The type of the genus D. sisymbrii Schrnk. is a well-known species, and a study of its structures should forever obviate any further danger of confusion Zo Fig-18 Dasyneura-gibsoni, showing the general characteristics of the genus (much enlarged, original ) with the more typical Cecidomyia. The generic term Perrisia, pro- posed by Rondani in 1846 for D. urticae Perris, agrees so closely with D. sisymbrii Schrnk. that we are unwilling to accord it generic rank, despite the fact that there are certain well- marked antennal differences between the two. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQ13 117 Key to species a Third vein distinctly curved anteriorly b g antennal segments ; abdomen yellowish. Reared from rose.. rhodophaga Cogq., C. a1390 bb to antennal segments, females c Abdomen pale. yellowish; scutellum reddish brown; antennal segments sessile, the fifth with a length twice its diameter, the terminal one with a length four times its diameter; ovipositor lobes short, stout.......--.+--- maculosa Felt, C. 288 bbb 12 antennal segments, sessile or subsessile c Abdomen and scutellum deep carmine; the fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter, the terminal one with a length six times its diameter; lobes of the ovipositor with a length three times their width, female. Reared from solidago...... Carbonarta Melt, C. 713 cc Abdomen and scutellum dark reddish brown, the fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the terminal one with a length five times its diameter; lobes of the ovipositor with a length four times their width, female. Taken on New Jersey tea... vernalis Felt, C. 262 ccc Abdomen dark reddish salmon; scutellum red; fifth antennal segment with a length two and one-half times its diameter, the terminal segment not produced, Bes at aa SSR GIN cit Reeder bidentata Felt, C. 345 bbbb 13 antennal segments, sessile or subsessile, females c Abdomen fuscous yellowish, unicolorous; scutellum light reddish brown; fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter; ovipositor as long as the abdomen, the lobes with a length four times their width. Reared from ash......... Rl Se ere ee iss Pe ye fraxinifolia Felt, C. a1648a cc Abdomen fuscous yellowish basally, yellowish apically ; scutellum fuscous yellowish; fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter, the terminal one greatly produced; ovipositor one-half the length of abdomen, the oval lobes with a length thrice their width. Reared from tumid gall on grape.........-..-- vitis Felt, C. ar165b ccc Abdomen yellow, thorax tinged with red. Reared from root gall on Rhus..........-----0+-eseee-- rhois Cog. cece Abdomen dark red; scutellum reddish brown; fifth an- tennal segment with a length three times its diameter ; the terminal segment produced, the ovipositor nearly as long as the abdomen...... karnerensis Felt, C. 128 ccccc Abdomen and scutellum reddish brown; fifth antennal segment with a length two and one-half times its diam- eter, the terminal segment produced........-.-+++0+4-: spiraecina Felt, C. 133 118 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ceccecc Abdomen dark orange; scutellum dark brown; fifth an- tennal segment with a length two and one-half times its diameter, the terminal one with a length four times its diameter; ovipositing in June grass................ sraminis. Felt, C +205 bbbbb 14 antennal segments c Females; antennal segments sessile; ovipositor long d Abdomen yellowish or yellowish orange e Abdomen light yellowish; scutellum pale yellow- ish; fifth antennal segment with a length one- half greater than its diameter; lobes of the ovipositor long, nearly oval, hardly tapering distally, the fourth palpal segment nearly twice the length of the third. Reared from loose bud gallon peppermint o2- cue ae ee vee eee . piperitae Felt, C. a166a2 ee Abdomen fuscous yellowish; scutellum light red- dish brown; fifth antennal segment with a length one-half. greater than its diameter, the fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third; lobes of the ovipositor with a length four times their width. Reared from ash........... fraxinwviolia Felt, C. areasa cee Abdomen light yellowish red; scutellum yellowish carmine; fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the third and fourth palpal segments subequal, the lobes of the ovipositor very long, with a length seven times their width...... bex ealis Felt; C.c166 ecee Abdomen yellowish brown; scutellum reddish brown; fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter, terminal antennal segment much produced, the third and fourth palpal seg- ments equal; terminal lobes of the ovipositor long, slender and narrowly oval. Reared from BCORMS Hae hy: okies oho glandis Felt, C. 1039 dd Abdomen dark brown > e Scutellum fuscous red; fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter, tapering dis- tally, the third and fourth palpal segments nearly: cupale cya oo autrihirta Felt, C. 509 ee Scutellum yellowish brown; fifth antennal seg- ment with a length one-third greater than its diameter, the fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third. Reared from blackberry blossoms.......... rubitleorae Felt; :C:, que eee Scutellum fuscous yellowish; fifth antennal seg- ment with a length twice its diameter, the fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third. Reared from a loose bud gall on anemone...... anemone Felt, C. arsg22 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 11g cc Males; antennal segments stemmed d Fifth antennal segment with a stem one-third the length of the basal enlargement ec Abdomen dark brown; scutellum yellowish; ter- minal clasp segment of the male genitalia short, SUC? he Veaane livge SEOUL S ok ina cig syetes Se Re war tear es photophirla’ Felt, C2 t64 ee Abdomen yellowish brown; scutellum pale yellow- ish; terminal and basal clasp segments long and slenuerd aReared? front Yucca... 2.3.2 ns yWie.c ae wely ©. 1053 dd lifth antennal segment with a stem three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement e Abdomen fuscous yellowish, unicolorous; basal enlargement of the fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the fourth palpal segment three-fourths longer than the third, the dorsal plate deeply and triangu- larly metsed. tra xinrholia Relt ©. a16gga ee Abdomen fuscous yellowish basally and apically, the middle segment dark brown, the basal en- largement of the fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter, the fourth palpal seg- ment one-third longer than the third, the dorsal plate Marvenwily INCISed". 2... dct ce Noes rode + oes dale ampelophila Felt, C. 449 cee Abdomen light brown; scutellum yellowish brown; basal enlargement of the fifth antennal seg- ment with a length one-fourth greater than its diameter, the fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third, the dorsal plate deeply and triangularly incised. Reared from _ black- betry Dlossoms:. .-..1 w bi fl om ae phelt sC. 900 eeee Abdomen dark brown f Basal enlargement of the fifth antennal seg- ment with a length twice its diameter; terminal segment with a distinct process... Sie tosis helt, (Cs<750 ff Basal enlargement of the fifth antennal seg- ment with a length one-half greater than its diameter; terminal segment narrowly oval, with the apical process rudimentary or wanting; palpi rather slender; basal tooth of the claw very long g Basal clasp segment stout, with a length three times its diameter, tapering distally “norte ma Pelt. 9225. 12.745, 740 gg Basal clasp segment slender, with a length four times its diameter, hardly tapering distally, ae: pudoros a Felt; C. 270 120 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM fff Basal enlargement of the fifth antennal seg- ment with a length one-fourth greater than its diameter,. palpi rather stout, the fourth segment one-fourth longer than the third, the tooth of the claw relatively short...... simulator Felt, C. 445, 627 ddd Fifth antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement e Abdomen reddish brown; scutellum fuscous brown; fourth palpal segment one-fourth longer than the third. Reared from folded leaves of Dapinigg. chen cee trifoli1 Loew... 76am bbbbbb 15 antennal segments c Females; segments sessile d Abdomen dark brown; scutellum reddish brown; fifth antennal segment with a length two and one-half times its diameter; ovipositor not longer than the body, the lobes with a length about five times their SVC octobre < Sees trifolii ._Loew}*C. 456, 742 dd Abdomen dark brown; scutellum brownish red; fifth antennal segment with a length two and one-half times its diameter; ovipositor distinctly shorter than the body, the lobes with a length about three times their width. Reared from apical bud gall on blMeDeRry 2 he 6 cyanococci Felt, © ‘ar1jea ddd Abdomen pale yellowish; scutellum pale orange; fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter; ovipositor longer than the body, the lobes with a length four times their width...... flavescens’ Felt, (Gen cc Males; antennal segments stemmed d Fifth antennal segment with a stem one-half the length of the basal enlargement e Abdomen brownish black; genitalia yellow. Reared from a root gall on Rhus..rhois Cog. dd Fifth antennal segment with a stem three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement — ec Abdomen light fuscous yellowish; scutellum pale orange, the basal enlargement of the fifth an- tennal segment with a length twice its diameter ; the fifteenth reduced. Reared from Clematis... clematidis Felt, C. arose ee Abdomen yellowish red; scutellum yellowish; the basal enlargement of the fifth antennal seg- ment with a length one-fourth greater than its diameter, the fifteenth produced and with a leneth. three fimes its diameter. 2.006. ese. Policis Pele \Go we ece Abdomen dark brown, the basal enlargement of the fifth antennal segment with a length one- REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 I21 half greater than its diameter, the fifteenth not produced, nearly oval. Reared from a loose Apical, Died eall Of ANEMONE 5 yc sia cas cass sie y+ 2's anemone Felt, C. a1522 ddd Fifth antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement e Abdomen reddish brown; scutellum fuscous brown, the fourth palpal segment one-fourth longer than the third. Reared from folded leavesuob = wilhtteicloven: is .arocs tae site eens En hiro lity Woews (C.) sog2 bbbbbbb 16 antennal segments c Females; antennal segments sessile d Abdomen dark brown; scutellum reddish orange; fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter. Reared from pouch gall on MATLOWHLEAVIEE: + SOMGAGO ns tic asic win o/s ead oes ae oe coker tte tlavccornts elt 'Cyangsa dd Abdomen dark brown; scutellum yellowish orange; hfth antennal segment with a length twice its diam- eter. Reared from rolled leaves of beach-pea...... Marta: Melt Cm aloos ddd Abdomen reddish or light brown e Abdomen reddish brown; scutellum fuscous yel- lowish; fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter. Reared from leaf gall on CHANDLERY. 4. sales Wa © Cant iy eOmiths wOC.. O57, ee Abdomen light brown; scutellum dark red; fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter..... modes tian Helt, C.-1200 dddd Abdomen yellowish e Abdomen and scutellum pale yellowish; fifth an- tennal segment with a length one-half greater thamnts, salameter. Vkearedpitomeasie. 20: ask vp uGaka. Melt. Ci.ar712 ee Abdomen fuscous yellowish; scutellum light fuscous yellowish; fifth antennal segment with a length three-fourths greater than its diam- eter, wixeareds irom (Chetnats on wtanroaeies ceo es clhematid1rs Belt. C2 arose eee Abdomen yellowish or reddish orange; fifth an- tennal segment with a length twice its diameter ; reared from rolled Smilax leaves.............. Siileare dt o:lhiva pelt! (Ce azar. cc Antennal segments stemmed d Fifth antennal segment with a stem one-quarter the length of the basal enlargement e Abdomen and scutellum yellowish red; fifth an- tennal segment with a length two and one-half times dts. diameters teimale. lic wee kates Canpevs Pelt, Ci. pig [22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM dd Fifth antennal segment with a stem three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement; males e Abdomen dark brown; scutellum reddish brown; basal enlargement of the fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter quercina:Felt, C., ag ee Abdomen yellowish or reddish orange; basal en- largement of the fifth antennal segment with a length two and one-half times its diameter; reared from. rolled smitlax Jeaves= 7... ae smilacifolia Felt, «CG azz eee Abdomen reddish brown; basal enlargement of the fifth antennal segment with a length one- half greater than its diameter; reared from a midrib*gall on Varginia creeper... .. 2... 2... eek parthenocissi Stebb. C. a2293 ddd Fifth antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement; males e Abdomen reddish brown; scutellum fuscous yel- lowish; basal enlargement of the fifth antennal segment with a length two and one-half times its diameter, the third and fourth palpal seg- ments equal. Reared from leaf gall on cran- erase: each ae Vaccinii,/Soith©. 952 ee Abdomen reddish brown; scutellum fuscous brown; basal enlargement of the fifth antennal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the fourth palpal segment one- quarter longer than the third. Reared from folded leaves of white clover..trifolii Loew dddd Fifth antennal segment with a length one-quarter greater than the basal enlargement; males e Abdomen yellowish brown; scutellum reddish brown; basal enlargement of the fifth antennal segment with a length two and one-quarter times its diameter...... Car re1us, Felt, Gaae bbbbbbbb 17 antennal segments c Females; antennal segments sessile d Abdomen dark brown; scutellum yellowish orange; fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter. Reared from rolled leaves of beach-pea maritima Felt, C. ar895 dd Abdomen brown; fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter; reared from root gall on smila- Cilla: seen eae ae smilacinae Bish., C. a2126 ddd Abdomen jreddish brown; scutellum fuscous yel- lowish; fifth antennal segment with a length one- quarter greater than its diameter; ovipositor two- thirds the length of the abdomen, terminal lobes short and broad. Reared from Lepidium........ lepidii Felt, C. 1035 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI13 123 dddd Abdomen dark reddish brown; fifth antennal segment with a length one-quarter greater than its diameter ; Ovipositor as long as the body; reared from a midrib eall’on) Virginia creeper... 60i/ 2.2 gibsoni Felt, C. a2221 ddd Abdomen dull orange yellow; scutellum dark red; fifth antennal segment with a length two and one- half times its diameter, the fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third..fulva Felt, C. 257 cc Antennal segments stemmed; male d Fifth antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement e Abdomen dark brown. Reared from a rosette willow gall..... albovittata Walsh, a1442a dd Fifth antennal segment with a length one-quarter ereater than the basal enlargement e Abdomen dark brown. Reared from heads of Canada» thistle 5.27% sibsoni Felt, C. a22zag REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 127 bbbbbb 16 antennal segments c Antennal segments sessile; females d Abdomen dark brown . e Scutellum fuscous yellowish; hfth antennal seg- ment with a length one-half greater than its diameter, fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third. Reared from bud gall on CLR eh OS he CE ee tee ulmea Felt, C. 880 ee Scutellum pale fuscous orange; fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter; ovi- positor with a length one-half greater than the body. Reared from blossoms of Joe Pye weed.. putpwurea, Felt, C. ar6o3a eee Scutellum yellowish brown f Antennal segments cylindric g Fifth antennal segment with a length about two and one-half times its diameter h Ovipositor longer than the body, the lobes with a length about three and one-half times their width. Taken GU PELOVEL Eas pela ae oN. Y; State Mus. Bulii24p.0343 This fuscous yellowish and dark brown species was taken at Albany, N: VY. July,.13, 19006 ‘ome Vireima creeper,. Pisse@ema Guniiquace & Oltjar Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, the basal segments yellowish, the fifth REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q13 I4!I with a length three-fourths that of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half greater than its diameter; terminal seg- ment narrowly oval. Palpi; first segment rather slender, irregular, the second subrectangular, somewhat stout, the third a little longer, more slender, the fourth one-third longer than the third, somewhat dilated. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines narrow, yellow, sparsely haired. Scutellum and postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark sooty yellow, with the dorsum of the second, third and fourth abdominal segments dark brown. Pleurae sooty yellow- ish; genitalia dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish white basally and apically, fuscous subapically. Coxae and base of femora pale yellowish, the other parts of the legs nearly uniform dark brown; claws slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli shorter than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender; terminal clasp segment stout, long; dorsal plate long, deeply and triangularly incised; ventral plate rather long, tapering, narrowly rounded. MHarpes short, thickly spinose apically. Type Cecid. 449. Dasyneura setosa Felt many belt, BH. P. N. ¥. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 115. Separate; p. 19 1908 ——_———_ N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 343 This dark brown male was taken on a window at Nassau, Nuys August 10, 1906. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae a little shorter than the body, thickly haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem about three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement ; terminal segment with a distal prolongation one-fourth the length of the subcylindric basal portion. Palpi; the first segment elongate, slender, slightiy swollen distally, second suboval, about as long as the first, the third a little longer than the second, the fourth one-half longer than the third; face fuscous. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum fuscous yellowish brown. Abdomen dark brown, sparsely yellow-haired. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown; halteres yellowish, slightly fuscous apically. Coxae and base of femora yellowish, other portions of legs dark brown; claws slender, strongly curved. Genitalia; basal clasp segment moderately stout; terminal clasp segment stout at base. Dorsal plate broad, deeply incised; ventral plate indistinct. Harpes short, subtriangular. Type Cecid. 750. Dasyneura unguicula Felt moo Felt, HE. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 344 This male was taken on a window at Nassau, N. Y., July 15, 1907 and also late in July and in August in 1906. Male. Length .5 mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, rather thickly haired, dark brown; 14 segments, *the fifth with a stem about three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement, which 142 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM latter has a length about one-half greater than its diameter; term- inal segment produced, narrowly oval. Palpi; the first segment elongate, slender, slightly expanded distally, the second a little longer, stouter, the third as long as the second, more slender, the fourth one-half longer and more slender than the third. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum dark reddish brown with a few coarse setae apically, postscutellum and abdomen dark brown. Wings (pl. 6, fig. 3) hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres fuscous subapically, whitish apically. Legs a nearly uniform dark brown; claws very long, slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli much shorter than the claws. Genitalia; basal — clasp segment long; terminal clasp segment swollen at the base, tapering; dorsal plate long, broad, deeply and triangularly incised ; ventral plate long, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 1225. Dasyneura pudorosa Felt toes Pelt, EH. PN Ye .State Mus, Bul: 124 pee, This species was taken at Nassau, N. Y., June 14, 1906 in gen- eral collecting. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae probably about as long as the body, thickly fine haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem about three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement; terminal segment reduced, suboval, narrowly rounded. Palpi; the first segment rather slender, subquadrate, second a little longer, stouter, tapering slightly distally, the third a little longer, more slender, narrowly rounded, the fourth one-half longer and more slender than the third. Mesonotum nearly uniform dark brown. Scutellum dark brown, yellowish apically, postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen dark reddish brown, the terminal segments pale yellowish. Genitalia fuscous yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown; halteres yellowish transparent. Coxae and basal portion of femora whitish or whitish transparent, other parts of legs dark brown; claws long, slender, evenly curved: Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender; terminal clasp segment short, stout; dorsal plate broad, deeply and triangularly incised; ventral plate narrow, broadly rounded. Harpes stout, heavily chitinized basally, a series of stout subapical teeth, the terminal portion slender. Type Cecid. 270. | Dasyneura simulator Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 344 This species with a dark brown abdomen was taken on a window at Nassau,.N. You july 2 and) 21) 1906: Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem three-fourths the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length only one-fourth greater than its diameter and is thickly REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQ1I3 143 clothed with long, stout setae; terminal segment narrowly oval. Palpi; first segment slender, slightly incrassate, the second a little longer, stouter, the third longer than the second, more slender, the fourth a little longer than the third, slightly dilated. Mesonotum dark brown, the narrow submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum dark brown with sparse apical setae, postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen with the basal and terminal segments fuscous yellowish, the intermediate ones dark brown. Wings hyaline, vestiture sparse. _ Halteres orange yellow basally; whitish apically. Coxae pale yel- lowish, femora pale yellowish basally, fuscous apically; tibiae and tarsi a nearly uniform dark brown; claws slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli shorter than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, stout; terminal clasp segment swollen basally; dorsal plate long, deeply and narrowly incised; ventral plate long, tapering to a narrowly rounded apex. Type Cecid. 445. Dasyneura trifolii Loew Clover leaf midge 1874 Loew, F. Vehr. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 24:143 1880 Comstock, J. H. U.S. Comm. of Agric. Rep’t, p. 197-99 1881 Lintner, J. A. N. Y. State Agric. Soc. 4oth Rep’t, p. 24-25 1894 Comstock, J. H. Manual for the Study of Insects, p. 446 1901 Howard, L. O. Insect Book, p. 113 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 344 1909 Folsom, J. W. Ill. Agric. Exp’t Sta. Bul. 134, p. 171-75 This European species was first recognized in America by Prof. J. H. Comstock in 1879. White clover was observed in the middle of June to be infested with Cecidomyiid larvae, the affected leaves being closely folded together upon the midrib so that the upper side of each half of the leaflet was apposed, there being from one to twenty whitish or pale orange maggots in the shelter thus formed. The under surface of infested leaves has a sickly appear- ance, being yellowish or brownish. This species is of comparatively slightly economic importance in this country, since its attacks appear to be confined largely to white clover, Trifolium repens, though in Europe it is said to affect the lower root leaves of red clover, Trifolium pratense. Doctor Folsom states that he has been unable to find this midge upon red clover in Illinois. Life history. The following summarized account was taken largely from Doctor Folsom’s discussion of this species. The pod- like galls formed by the adherent discolored halves of clover leaf- lets are common on white clover throughout the growing season, since the species breeds almost continuously during this entire period. Several stages in the development of the insect may be _Tepresented at the same time in one gall. Even larvae coming from 144 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM eggs laid at the same time do not all develop equally, the more — vigorous thriving at the cost of the weaker, the latter frequently perishing from lack of nourishment. Doctor Folsom records June 21st as the earliest date for affected leaves containing larvae and cocoons. ‘The species occurred in Illinois thereafter up to October 5th on which date larvae were common. The latest eggs and larvae are killed by frost, along with the leaves upon which they subsist. It is probable that this insect winters in the cocoon, though Doctor Folsom thinks it may possibly survive in the adult stage. His observations lead him to fix the number of broods at four, with a scattering fifth generation, each requiring about a month on an average for its development. The broods overlap sufficiently to make their separation in the field difficult, though there are times when almost all the galls are empty, indicating an interval between generations. The eggs are deposited by the females in the un- folded leaflets. The process has been described by Doctor Folsom as follows: “Standing at the base of this (young leaflet), she wriggles her long, flexible ovipositor in between the two contiguous faces of the leaflet as far as possible; at intervals a slight wave of distention passes back along the ovipositor, indicating probably the passage of an egg. Usually several eggs are laid on the same leaf- let — sometimes a dozen or more. After many eggs are laid, the abdomen of the female is noticeably smaller.’ The eggs hatch in about six days and the young larvae, instead of folding the leaves as might be supposed, in reality prevent their unfolding. This species, like the clover seed midge, Dasyneura legumini- cola Lintn., is very sensitive to moisture, contracting and becom- ing motionless when it is dry and resuming activity with the ap- pearance of moisture. The larva may pupate without making a cocoon or may spin a cocoon as described by Doctor Folsom, the insect remaining in the cocoon from 9 to more than 20 days. Doc- tor Folsom states that the dorsal bands of black scales are much larger and denser in this species thanin D. leguminicola and that the scales do not rub off so easily, the abdomen being usually blackish. -Gall.. This is simply the unfolded leaves of white clover, Tri- folium repens, or the root leaves of red clover, Trifolium pratense, adhering together and thus resembling small, thin pods. The leaf substance is a little thickened, yellowish or yellow, with brownish specks. Egg. Length .3 mm, width .o75 mm, elliptico-cylindrical, with a slight curvature, colorless and translucent when laid but showing REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 T45 an internal red spot on the second day and becoming pale orange in color. Several eggs are usually laid side by side. (Folsom) Larva. The young larva is .27.mm in length, colorless and trans- parent, and soon becomes white. The full grown larva is 1.5 to 2 mm, long, orange, the skin is coarsely granulate. Cocoon. Length 1.5 mm, oval, often a little flattened from con- tact with the leaflet or with other cocoons. (Folsom) Pupa. Orange in color, with a darker median ventral stripe and blackish eyes. (Comstock) Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, rather thickly haired; 14-16 antennal segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half greater than its diameter ; terminal segment reduced, some- times broadly fused with the preceding. Palpi; first segment sub- quadrate, the second a little longer, stout, the third one-half longer than the second, slender, the fourth a little longer than the third. Mesonotum reddish brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum yellowish orange, postscutellum a little darker. Abdo- men reddish orange; genitalia reddish brown. Wings (pl. 6, fig. 1) hyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting therewith at the basal third. Halteres yellowish. Coxae and femora basally yellowish, distal portion of femora, tibiae and tarsi dark brown; claws stout, strongly curved, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout; terminal clasp segment long, stout; dorsal plate short, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the divergent lobes broadly rounded; ventral plate deeply and roundly emarginate, the lobes narrow. Harpes long, narrow, irregular; style long, slender. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the third ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown; 14 or 15 cylindric segments, the fifth with a length twice its diameter; subbasal whorl sparse, subapical band scattering; terminal segment reduced or fused with the preceding. Palpi; first segment short, stout, second broadly oval, the third a little longer, more slender, the fourth longer and more slender than the third. Ovipositor relatively stout and not longer than the body, the terminal lobes with a length four or five times greater than their breadth. Color characters nearly as in the male. This species occurs in Illinois, Massachusetts and New York. It is probably widely distributed. Dasyneura cyanococci Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. New species Cecidomyiidae, 2, p. 11-12 Toos ——__—_—__N.. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 292-93, 344 This species was reared from an apical bud gall on blueberry, probably Vaccinium canadense, taken at Stowe, Mass., September 9, 1907. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae one-half the length of the _ body, sparsely haired, dark brown, the basal segment yellowish ; 140 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 15 sessile segments, the fifth subcylindric, with a length nearly twice its diameter; terminal segment somewhat produced, tapering to an obtuse apex. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, subquad- rate, the second about as long, narrowly oval, the third one-half longer than the second, more slender, the fourth a little longer and more slender than the third; face yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines thickly haired. Scutellum brownish red, postscutellum yellowish red. Abdomen deep brown, the incisures dark reddish, pleurae and venter pale yellowish. Ovipositor fuscous yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres pale yellow- ish, slightly fuscous apically. Coxae and base of femora pale yellowish, the latter slightly fuscous distally; tibiae and tarsi dark brown; claws long, rather stout, strongly curved, the pulvilli shorter than the claws. Ovipositor about as long as the abdomen, the terminal lobes broad, narrowly rounded apically. Type Cecid. a17o0. Dasyneura flavescens Felt 1908 Felt, E. P: ONS Y. State Mis: "Bali. sp. san This yellowish species was taken on ash, Fraxinus, at Albany, Ne Y., July 7,1006: Female. Length I mm. Antennae extending to the third abdo- minal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown; 15 segments, the fifth with a length about one-half greater than its diameter, the terminal segment narrowly oval. Palpi; first segment short, stout, the second rectangular, with a leneth three times its diameter, the third longer, more slender and the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines yellowish and fusing posteriorly to form a conspicuous yellowish median area. Scutellum pale orange, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen pale yellowish, the dorsal sclerites with the second and third ab- dominal segments dark brown and with lateral dark brown markings on the posterior riargins of the sclerites of the fourth and fifth segments; oviposi‘or pale yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. MHalteres yellowish transparent; coxae, femora and tibiae mostly pale yellowish, tarsi mostly dark brown; claws stout, strongly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor nearly as long as the body, the slender, terminal lobes with a length three times the breadth. Type Cecid. 601. Dasyneura rhois Coq. 1895 Coquillett, D. W. Ins. Life, 7:348 (Cecidomyia) 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 346 This species does not appear to have been noticed since its dis- covery in 1895. It was reared by Mr Coquillett from galls on the roots of the common poison ivy sent to him in March 1894 by. Mr W. H. Harrison of Lebanon Springs, N. Y. The adults began to issue May 3d and continued up to the 18th of the month. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI13 147 Dasyneura clematidis Felt fons Pelt, EH. P. N. Y.. State: Mus: Bul! t24, p. 344, 345 1909 —————— _ Ent Soc. Ont. 30th Rep’t, p. 45. 1910 Stebbins, F. A. Springf. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 2, p. 34 This species was reared in August 1907 from an irregular, sub- mepilar gall on Virgins bower, Clematis. virginiana. The gall was found at Highland, Albany and Newport, N. Y. Gall. This is an irregular, subglobular, axillary mass I cm in diameter and composed of deformed and enlarged rudimentary leaves or young buds; it is green and slightly hoary. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the fifth abdominal segment, thickly haired, dark brown, yellowish basally; 15 seg- ments, the fifth with a stem one-half the length of the basal en- largement, which latter has a length twice its diameter; terminal segment narrowly oval. Palpi scaled; first segment irregularly oval, the second narrowly elliptical, the third a little longer, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Mesonotum a variable yellowish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum pale yellow- ish orange. Abdomen pale orange with the dorsal sclerites light reddish brown; genitalia slightly fuscous. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Coxae and base of femora yellowish, the distal portion of femora, tibiae and tarsi mostly dark brown, the tarsi darker; claws strongly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender; terminal clasp segment stout; dorsal plate long, deeply and narrowly incised; ventral plate long, deeply and narrowly divided. Harpes rather long, stout. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly haired, dark brown, yellowish basally ; 16 antennal segments, the fifth with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the terminal segment produced, with a length four times its diam- eter, the distal third slender, tapering, narrowly rounded. Palpi scaled; the first segment slender, with a length nearly three times its diameter, the second narrowly oval, the third longer than the - second, more slender, the fourth nearly twice the length of the third. Mesonotum reddish orange, the submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum and postscutellum pale orange. Abdomen a light fuscous yellowish, the segments sparsely margined with fuscous. Ovipos- itor nearly as long as the body, the terminal lobes slender, with a length about four times the width. Other characters as in the opposite sex. Type Cecid. a1659. Dasyneura smilacifolia Felt ig1t Felt, E. P. Econom. Ent. Jour., 4:480 This species was reared during the latter part of August and early September 1911 from rolled leaves of Smilax, green brier, collected 148 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM by Miss Cora H. Clarke at Magnolia, Mass. Similar larvae were obtained three years before, although no midges were reared there- from. Larva. Length 2 mm, rather stout, whitish. Head rather broad, the antennae with a length fully three times the diameter and rather stout; breastbone bidentate, the anterior portion deeply chitinized, the shaft slender and semitransparent. Skin coarsely shagreened, each segment with a transverse row of rather long, stout setae near the anterior third; posterior extremity subtruncate and sparsely ornamented with stout setae. Dasyneura filicis Felt 1007, Felt; Bo Ps ONY YarState-Mus- Bul. I10, p. 115-16. Separate, p. 19 Igo8 ——_——— N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 344. This species was taken on ferns or wild Cranesbill at Albany, Ni Ys May, 17411006: Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae shorter than the body, dark brown, sparsely haired; 15 segments, the fifth with a stem about two-thirds the length of the cylindric basal enlargement; terminal segment produced, obtusely rounded. Palpi; first segment short, the second and third suboval, twice the length of the second, the fourth one-half longer than the third, slender. Mesonotum yellow- ish laterally, slaty brown dorsally and with long, dark hairs. Scutellum yellowish, postscutellum yellowish and red. Abdomen yellowish red with a fuscous spot basally. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres, coxae, femora and tibiae yellowish trans- parent, thickly gray haired; tarsi grayish brown; claws stout, strongly curved. Genitalia; basal and terminal clasp segments stout; dorsal plate broad, deeply incised; ventral plate broad, long, roundly emarginate. Harpes broad at base, tapering, irregularly dentate apically. Type Cecid. 43. Dasyneura flavicornis Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 345 This species was reared the latter part of July 1907 from a pecu- liar, greenish or purplish, pouchlike gall occurring on narrow- leaved Solidago, S. graminifolia, at Albany, N. Y. Gall. The gall ranges in length from 2.5 to 5 cm, tapering grad- ually from an enlarged base to a very slender, frequently curved tip. It is composed of two or more leaves, the folded edges of which have become adherent. It varies in color from greenish to purplish and the interior is inhabited by yellow larvae. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 I49 Larva. The yellowish larva is about 1.3 mm in length with both ends rounded and the segmentation distinct. One specimen mounted has no distinct breastbone and may not prove to be the larva of this species, hence it is not described in detail. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the third abdo- minal segment, sparsely haired, light fuscous yellowish, tinged with reddish distally ; 16 segments, the fifth with a length about one-half greater than its diameter, suboval, the terminal segment not pro- duced and closely fused with the preceding. Palpi; first segment rectangular, the second broader, the third longer than the second, slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender. Face yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum reddish orange, postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen sparsely haired, dark brown, the incisures a deep carmine, pleurae mostly yellowish, ovipositor fuscous yellow- ish. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish basally, light fuscous apically. Coxae and base of femora light yellowish, the distal portion of femora, tibiae and tarsi a nearly uniform dark fuscous straw; claws long, stout, evenly curved, unidentate, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Ovipositor about as long as the abdomen, the terminal lobes with a length three times the width, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. a1154. Dasyneura maritima Felt 1909 Felt, E. P. Econom. Ent, Jour., 2:288 The pale whitish larvae of this species were found October 7, 1908 in tightly rolled terminal leaflets of the beach-pea, Lathyrus maritimus, by Miss Cora H. Clarke at Magnolia, Mass. Adults were reared April 13 and 15, 1909. Gall. The galls or rolled leaves are about I to 2 cm long, .2 cm in diameter and a variable yellowish green. They are inhabited by several larvae. Larva. Length 3 mm, pale whitish, rather stout, tapering at both extremities. Head small, antennae long, slender. Breastbone bi- dentate, weakly chitinized, the shaft subobsolete. Skin coarsely shagreened. Posterior extremity broadly rounded, slightly bilobed. Male. Length 1.75 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, dark brown; 18 segments, the fifth with a stem three-quarters the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half greater than its diameter; subbasal whorl thick, subapical band very thick; terminal segment reduced, narrowly oval. Palpi; the first segment presumably subquadrate, the second with a length over three times its diameter, the third one-third longer and the fourth one-half longer than the third. Mesonotum shining black, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum yellowish, fuscous apically, postscutellum fuscous. Abdomen sparsely haired, dark brown, the sclerites and venter pale yellowish. Genitalia fus- 150 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM cous. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. MHalteres pale yellowish. Coxae and femora basally fuscous yellowish, the distal portion of femora and tibiae dark brown, the tarsi nearly black: claws slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender; terminal clasp segment stout: dorsal plate broad, broadly and roundly emarginate; ventral plate broadly and roundly emarginate. Harpes stout, tapering, irregular apically. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the base-of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, yellowish basally; 16-17 sessile segments, the fifth cylindric, with a length about twice its diameter; terminal segment produced, tapering to a narrowly rounded apex. Palpi; probably as in the male. Face fuscous vel- lowish. Mesonotum yellowish brown, the submedian lines rather thickly haired. Scutellum yellowish orange, postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen sparsely clothed with short, yellowish hairs, dark brown, the incisures, pleurae and venter reddish orange, the ex- tremities of the abdomen and ovipositor yellowish. Ovipositor nearly as long as the body; terminal lobes with a length about three times the diameter, narrowly oval. Type Cecid. a1895. Dasyneura eugeniae Felt 1912 ‘Pelt, BE. Ps UNS ¥>. Ents Soc) Jour, 202106 The midges were reared from the fruit of Eugenia buxi- folia collected at Key West, Fla., by E. A. Schwarz. Dasyneura vaccinii Smith 1800 Smith, J.B. N. J. Aeric. Expt Sta. (Bul. KK pe 31-37), (Ceen ae Oly ia oviare Gu t11) Ol. 5.) 1800 2--=— =. Cat? ns. Ne J... pe" 3607 (Cee 1d on yaa, Vea ces unin Ons, 1892 Fernald, C. H. Mass. Agric. Exp’t Sta. Bul. 10, p. 134-35 (Ceci- domyia waceini1 Of Sy) 1899 Johnson, C. W. Ent. News, 10:80 (C. oxycoccana proposed) r9G0°———-——.. Ent. News, 11-324 <(GCecidomy ia soxyeoceama) 1908 Beutenmueller, William. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 23, p. 302 (Gecidomytas vaccini 1075.) 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 345 1910 Stebbins, F. A. Springf. Mus Nat. Hist. Bul. 2, p. 46 (Cecidomyia ) This species is known to the cranberry grower as the tip worm. The first sign of its presence, according to Doctor Smith, is the unusual prominence of certain terminal buds accompanied by a cessa- tion in the growth of the leaves. An examination discloses the yellowish Cecidomyiid larvae within the affected bud. The: fp usually though not always dies. This midge causes considerable injury to cranberry beds. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1913 151 Dr J. B. Smith, who has investigated the life history of this species, states that there are at least four and probably five genera- tions annually, the insects occurring at any time from the begin- ning of May to the middle or end of September, the larva requir- ing about 13 days to complete its growth. The egg has not been observed nor is there any record as to the method of hibernation, though it is probable that this species, like many of its allies, win- ters in an oval, larval cell in the soil. The transformation of the larva to the adult during the warm season at least, occurs within the buds, the larva spinning a white cocoon prior to pupation. The reddish brown adult, with its curved third vein, may be recognized by the 16 antennal segments, the fifth of the male having a stem as long as the basal enlargement, while that of the female has a length twice its diameter. Synonymy. This species was first described by Doctor Smith under the name of Cecidomyia vaccinii, which designation, we believe, must stand, since Osten Sacken’s vaccinii was not applied to an insect but to a vegetable deformation and therefore has no standing in zoological nomenclature. This obviously renders it impossible to accept Professor Johnson’s proposed Cecidom- yia oxycoccana for the species described by Doctor Smith. There are two European Cecidomyiidae to which the specific name of vaccinii has been applied; one Dasyneura vaccinii described by Rubsaamen in 1885 and the other Cecidomyia vaccinii described by Kieffer in 1897. The application of this specific name to our American species antedates both of these and should it prove co-generie with either, the name of the European form must be changed. Larva. The larva has been described by Doctor Smith as a minute, orange, red or yellow grub about .06 of an inch or a trifle more in length. The following descriptions of adults have been drafted from speci- mens evidently deposited by Doctor Smith in the United States National Museum. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, thickly haired, fuscous yellowish; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem about as long as the basal enlargement, which latter has a length about one-half greater than its diameter; terminal segment some- what produced, broadly rounded distally. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, irregularly subquadrate, the second a little longer, stout, broadly oval, the third one-half longer, more slender, the fourth about as long as the third, more slender. Mesonotum red- dish brown, the submedian lines probably indistinct. Scutellum fuscous yellowish, postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen reddish 152 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM brown. Wings hyaline, costa light brown. MHalteres yellowish brown, slightly fuscous apically. Legs yellowish brown, the tarsal segments somewhat darker; claws rather long, slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli distinctly longer than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender; terminal clasp segment stout; dorsal plate short, broad, deeply and triangularly incised, the lobes widely separated, narrowly rounded; ventral plate long, broad, deeply and roundly emarginate, the lobes long, slender, obtuse. Harpes stout at base, tapering, irregularly tuberculate. Female. Length 3 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth ab- dominal segment, thickly haired, light brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem about one-sixth the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length about twice its diameter; terminal seg- ment somewhat produced, narrowly rounded apically. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, irregularly subquadrate, the second a little longer, narrowly oval, the third one-half longer than the second, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slen- der. Color characters about as in the male, except that the abdomen is somewhat lighter. Ovipositor nearly as long as the body, the terminal lobes long, rather broad, tapering, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 957. Dasyneura modesta Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N.Y. State Mus. Bul 124, p. 345 A female of this form was observed in the vicinity of red oak at Albany, N. Y., May 19, 1907. Female. Length 1.75 mm. Antennae extending to the third abdominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, the basal seg- ments yellowish; 16 segments, the fifth subsessile, subcylindric; terminal segment produced, narrowly rounded distally. Palpi; the first segment irregularly subquadrate, somewhat dilated apically, the second one-half longer, tapering distally, the third twice the length of the second, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third, face fuscous. Mesonotum dark brown, sparsely bordered laterally and anteriorly with golden yellow scales, the submedian lines thickly set with yellowish scales. Scutellum deep red, postscutellum fuscous red. Abdomen sparsely clothed with fine hairs, light brown, the incisures and venter a pale salmon. Wings hyaline, costa light brown. Halteres pale salmon basally, yellowish transparent apicaliy. Legs a variable light fuscous, the distal tarsal segments darker ; claws long, slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor about as long as the body, terminal lobe long,-slender, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 1200. Dasyneura apicata Felt 1908 Felt, E. Po N.Y. State Mus: Bul. 124) py 345-.(D: apicatms) This pale yellow species was reared September 7, 1907, from a deformed, terminal growth on ash, Fraxinus, shoots taken at High- land, N. Y., August 22, 1907. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1913 153 Gall. This species was reared from ash shoots, the young ter- minal leaves forming a head and two petioles often coalescing to produce a hoary, pubescent gall containing whitish larvae some 2 mm long. Larva. Length 2 mm, whitish, rather stout; head broad, obtuse apically. Antennae rather stout, uniarticulate ; breast-bone bidentate, subobsolete posteriorly. Skin nearly smooth, posterior extremity broadly rounded, the latero-posterior angles with three or four slender spines arising from more or less distinct tubercles. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae one-half the length of the body, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish, yellowish basally; 16 sessile segments, the fifth with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the terminal segment produced, narrowly oval. Palpi scaled; the first segment short, subquadrate, the second broadly oval, the third a little longer and more slender, the fourth nearly twice the length of the third. Mesonotum pale yellowish, slightly fuscous, the submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen pale yellowish, the latter slightly fuscous dorsally ; pleurae pale yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa brown. Halteres pale yellowish. Coxae and femora basally yellowish, the distal part of femora and tibiae fuscous yellowish, tarsi dark brown or black. Ovipositor longer than the abdomen, the slender terminal lobes with a length fully four times the width. Type Cecid. a1712. Dasyneura caricis Felt maz belt, Bb. P: N.Y: State Mus. Bul, 110, p./116: ‘Separate, p. 10-20 1908 ——————_ NN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 345 iis species was taken June 4, 1906 on sedge, Carex vul- pinoidea, at Albany, N. Y. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae longer than the body, thickly haired, light brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem one-quarter longer than the basal enlargement; terminal segment irregularly suboval, the apex obtusely rounded. Palpi; the first segment short, subquadrate, the second fully twice the length of the first, with a distinct lateral knob, the third as long as the second, subrectangu- lar, the fourth nearly twice the length of the third, slender, the fifth one-quarter longer than the fourth, flattened, slender; face light brown. Mesonotum dark brown with narrow, submedian lines of fine setae. Scutellum reddish brown with sparse apical setae, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen yellowish brown, rather sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs, tip of genitalia dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa thickly clothed with blackish hairs; halteres yellowish transparent basally, yellowish fuscous apically. Legs nearly uniform light brown; tarsi slightly darker; claws rather slender, uniformally curved. Genitalia; basal clasp segment slender, internally with a broadly rounded lobe at the basal third; terminal clasp segment with the basal third greatly swollen; dorsal plate broad, deeply incised; ventral plate broad at 154 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM base, narrowing at the basal third, deeply and triangularly emar- ginate. Harpes stout, subtriangular, apically several inconspicuous subquadrate teeth. Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae probably a little shorter than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; probably 16 segments, the fifth with a stem about one-quarter the length of the basal enlarge- ment. Palpi; the first segment short, irregularly subquadrate, the second a little longer, subquadrate, the third more than twice the length of the second, the fourth one-quarter longer than the third, more slender; face dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown, posterior median area reddish. Scutellum yellowish red, postscutellum darker. Abdomen yellowish red. Wings hyaline, costa yellowish brown; halteres and legs yellowish transparent, the latter with the articulations and tarsi variably tinged with carmine. Ovipositor longer than the body, terminal lobe long, narrow, broadly rounded distally. Type Cecid. 111: Dasyneura quercina Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 116. Separate, p. 20 1908 —————— NN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 345 This dark brown male was taken on oak, probably red oak, Quercus rubra, at Albany,"N. Y-; May 18, 1006: Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem about two-thirds the length of the basal enlargement; terminal seg- ment produced, constricted near the middle. Palpi; the first seg- ment subquadrate, the second one-half longer than the first, the third more slender, one-half longer than the second and the fourth one- half longer than the third. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum darker. Abdomen dark brown, sparsely haired, reddish laterally. Wings hyaline, costa yellowish brown. Halteres yellowish trans- parent basally, reddish fuscous apically. Legs light brown, tarsi slightly darker; claws slender, strongly curved. Genitalia; basal clasp segment slender; terminal clasp segment slightly enlarged basally ; dorsal plate broad; ventral plate narrow; both deeply and triangularly incised (pl. 7, fig. 1). Harpes broad, convolute, broadly rounded, indistinctly dentate. Type Cecid. 47. Dasyneura lepidii Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 346 This reddish brown species was reared in early July from seed capsules of Lepidium virginicum taken at Washington, D.C... July. 7; 1899*by Mr. Pergande.* + Several Chalcids were reared the middle of July. Gall. The gall of this species, as described by Pergande, con- sists of peculiarly swollen or inflated seed capsules having an abnormally dark green color. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I913 155 Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae about three-quarters the length of the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 17 segments, the fifth with a length one-quarter greater than its diameter; ter- minal segment slightly produced, narrowly oval. Palpi; the first segment subquadrate, the second rectangular, with a length three times its diameter, the third longer, more slender, the fourth a little longer and more slender than the third. Mesonotum shining dark brown. Scutellum fuscous yellowish, postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen reddish brown (dark red according to Per- gande). Wings hyaline, costa reddish brown. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs mostly yellowish brown, the distal tarsal seg- ments darker; claws strongly curved, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Ovipositor about two-thirds the length of the abdomen, the terminal lobes short and broad. Type Cecid. 1035. Dasyneura smilacinae Bish. 1911 Bishop, S. C. Ent. News, 22:346 The above named midge was reared by Mr S. C. Bishop at Ithaca, N. Y., January 15, 1910 from root galls on false Solomon mal Smilacima racemosa. See the above Citation for a detailed description. Dasyneura tumidosae Felt peos. Pelt, H- P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 346 This species was reared in small numbers in July 1907 from a jar containing numerous galls generally referred to as Cecidom- mer pellex OS. Gall. A large, tumid, green, reddish or brownish midrib swell- mae ranging in length from 5 to 15 cm (pl. 2, fig. 4), the larger deformities containing from 30 to even 60 or more larvae irregularly distributed along the length of the deep fold evidently caused by their operations. | Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, rather thickly haired, fuscous yellowish, the basal segments yellow- ish; 17 segments, the fifth with a stem about one-half the length of the basal enlargement; terminal segment somewhat reduced, ob- tusely obconic. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, subquadrate, expanded distally, the second one-half longer than the first, stout, rounded distally, the third one-half longer and more slender than the second, the fourth more slender and about twice as long as the third; face yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the broad sub- median yellowish lines sparsely haired. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum pale orange. Abdomen pale yellowish, slightly fuscous. Genitalia fuscous. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish transparent, slightly fuscous subapically. Legs mostly pale yellowish, the two basal tarsal segments light fuscous, 156 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the three distal ones dark brown or black; claws long, slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli nearly as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender; terminal clasp segment long, tapering; dorsal plate short, broad, the lobes broadly and triangu- larly divided; ventral plate long, broad at base, tapering, broadly and roundly emarginate. Harpes long, stout at base, tapering, obtuse. Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the second ab- dominal segment, thickly long-haired, dark brown, basal seg- ments yellowish; 19 segments, the fifth cylindric, with a length about two and one-half times its diameter; terminal segment produced, with a length about four times its diameter, narrowly rounded apically. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, subquadrate, the second broadly oval, with a length over twice its diameter, the third one-half longer and more slender than the second, the fourth one-half longer and more slender than the third; face yellowish. Mesonotum a light fuscous orange, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum, postscutellum and pleurae deep orange. Ab- domen a light fuscous yellowish, the venter yellowish. Wings hya- line, costa dark brown. MHalteres pale orange; coxae and femora mostly pale orange, the latter narrowly or slightly marked with fuscous apically; tibiae fuscous orange, tarsi mostly dark brown, the basal segments somewhat lighter; the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor nearly as long as the body, the terminal lobes stout, with a length over four times the diameter, narrowly rounded. iype Cecid. avs 32: Dasyneura pergandei Felt Io1l Felt, E. P. Econom. Ent. Jour., 4:480 This species was reared by Mr Theodore Pergande in 1878 from swollen fruit of wild cherry, probably Prunus melano- ¢arpa, collected by Prof..C:; V. Riley at ‘Glen Byrie) Golf exe preceding June. The reddish larvae deserted the infested fruit, wintering in the ground. Mr Pergande’s rearings paralleled those of the writer, in that he secured more than one species, as is evidenced by a study of the specimens reared. Gall. Somewhat oval, pointed at the end, the upper half reddish, the other yellowish green (Pergande). Dasyneura multiannulata Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 346 This species was taken on hickory, Carya, at Nassau, N. Y., June 14, 1906. Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the second ab- dominal segment, sparsely clothed with fine setae, reddish brown, yellowish white basally; 18 segments, the fifth subsessile, subcylin- REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 157 dric, the basal portion having a length fully one-half greater than its diameter, terminal segment somewhat prolonged, apparently consisting of two closely fused and fully twice the length of the pre- ceding. Palpi; the first segment subquadrate, second narrowly oval, the third one-quarter longer than the second, stouter, the fourth a little longer than the third, more slender, face dark yel- lowish. Mesonotum brownish black, the anterior portion rather thickly clothed with fine setae, submedian lines rather distinct. Scutellum dull black, thickly clothed anteriorly with a patch of yellowish white scales, postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen pale reddish brown. Wings hyaline, costa yellowish brown; halteres whitish transparent. Legs a nearly uniform pale straw color, tarsi slightly darker; claws long, rather strongly curved. Ovipositor as long as the body, terminal lobes long, slender, broadly rounded. iiype Cecid-> 261. Dasyneura florida Felt aeooreeit, BE. Ps N. Y.State Mus. Bul: 124; p. 346 One female kindly placed at our disposal by the United States National Museum was reared April 27, 1887 from leaves collected. by Mr E. A. Schwarz at Keywest, Fla., possibly oak-bearing galls similar to though much smaller than those made by Cincti- mocnia pilulae O, S. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, light brown; 18 segments, the fifth sessile, cylindric, with a length a little greater than its diameter; terminal segment produced, tapering, narrowly rounded. Palpi; the first segment somewhat expanded distally and with a length nearly three times its diameter, the second nearly as long as the first. rather stout, the third a little longer and more slender than the second and the fourth one-quarter longer and more slender than the third. Mesonotum light brown, the submedian lines rather thickly clothed with fine hairs. Scutellum and postscutellum yel- lowish brown. Abdomen a nearly uniform dark reddish brown. the basal segment and ovipositor mostly light yellowish brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown; halteres pale yellowish. Coxae and femora mostly yellowish brown, the tibiae mostiy a little darker, apically dark brown, the tarsi a nearly uniform dark brown; claws rather long, stout, evenly curved, the pulvilli a little shorter than the claws. Ovipositor about one-half the length of the abdomen, the terminal lobes very short, broad, having a length only about three- quarters the diameter. Type Cecid. 1057. Dasyneura aberrata Felt ips Pelt, EH. P. N. Y: State’ Mus: Bul. 124) ‘p. 346 This male was taken in association with the female described as Dasyneura modesta and at first supposed to be the oppo- site sex of this species. There are, however, striking differences 158 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM between the two, and it has therefore been characterized as a dis- tinct form. It was captured May 19, 1907 in the vicinity of red oak at Albany, N. Y. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae about two-thirds the length of the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 11 segments, the fifth with a length one-half greater than its diameter; terminal segment somewhat produced, narrowly rounded. Palpi; first segment stout, ovoid, second segment slender, narrowly oval, the third a little longer, more slender, the fourth a little longer than the third, some- what dilated. Mesonotum dark brown, sparsely bordered laterally and anteriorly with yellowish scales, the submedian lines thickly ornamented with yellowish scales. Scutellum deep red, post- scutellum fuscous red. Abdomen sparsely clothed with fine hairs, light brown, the incisures and venter pale salmon. Wings hyaline, costa pale straw, subcosta uniting therewith at the basal third. Halteres pale salmon basally, yellowish transparent apically. Legs a variable light fuscous, the distal tarsal segments somewhat darker; claws rather slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout; terminal clasp segment stout at the base, short; dorsal plate short, deeply and narrowly incised; ventral plate short, broad, tapering broadly and roundly emarginate. Harpes long, irregularly truncate. Type Cecid. 1200a. Dasyneura cirsioni Felt 1908 Felt; E. P. N. Y. State. Mus: Bul. 124" p. 346 This fuscous yellowish female was taken on Canada thistle, Cirsium aryense..at Albany, N.Y. joule 77, 1066: Female. Length .75 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely ‘haired, dark brown; 12 segments, the fifth subcylindric, with a length about one-half greater than the diameter ; terminal segment somewhat prolonged, broadly rounded. Palpi; the first segment short, subquadrate, the second short, narrowly oval, the third one-half longer, more slender, the fourth a little longer and more slender. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines narrow, yellowish. Scutellum and postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen fuscous yellowish, pleurae pale yellowish, ovipositor orange yellow. Wings hyaline, costa thickly clothed with dark brown scales; halteres yellowish basally, slightly fuscous apically. Coxae and femora basally semitransparent; the latter distally, tibiae and tarsi mostly dark brown; claws long, slender, evenly curved. Ovipositor as long as the body, the terminal lobes long, slender, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 6109. Dasyneura scutata Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 346 The dark brown female was taken at Albany, N. Y., pee 16, 1906 in general collecting on goldenrod and aster. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 159 Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown; 13 segments, the fifth sub- sessile ; terminal segment with a length twice that of the preceding, tapering and obliquely rounded. Palpi; first segment irregular, rec- tangular, the second about as long as the first, narrowly oval, the third a little longer, the fourth more slender and a little shorter. Mesonotum nearly black, submedian lines sparsely setose. Scutel- lum nearly black, sparsely setose apically, postscutellum and ab- domen dark brown, the latter sparsely clothed with silvery setae. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. MHalteres pale yellowish, basally fuscous. Legs dark brown; claws stout, slightly curved. Oviposi- tor nearly as long as the body, the terminal lobes slender, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 507. Dasyneura acerifolia Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 115. Separate, p. 18-10 The light brown male was taken on maple at Albany, N. Y., May 21, 1900. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, light brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem one-quarter the length of the basal enlargement; terminal segment produced, broadly rounded apically. Palpi; the first seg- ment swollen at the distal third, the second a little longer, suboval, the third slightly longer than the second, more slender, and the fourth one-quarter longer than the third, slender. Mesonotum and scutel- lum dark brown. Abdomen brown. Wings hyaline, costa light brown. MHalteres yellowish transparent. Legs mostly yellowish transparent, variably dark brown distally; claws slender, slightly curved. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, stout; terminal clasp segment swollen basally ; dorsal plate deeply and triangularly emar- ginate; ventral plate narrow, deeply emarginate. Harpes subtri- angular, obtuse. Female. Length .75 mm. Antennae extending to the third ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown; 13 segments, the fifth subsessile. Face dark brown; eyes large, black. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines dark haired. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa light brown. Ovipositor nearly as long as the body, the terminal lobes slender, acutely rounded. Type Cecid. 66. Dasyneura albohirta Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 346 This light brown species was taken on fern or cranesbill, Geranium maculatum, at Albany, N. Y., May 17, 1906. Female. Length 1.35 cm. Antennae extending to the third ab- dominal segment, rather sparsely haired, dark brown; 13 segments, the fifth with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the twelfth and thirteenth closely fused, the latter nearly twice the length of 160 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the normal segment, narrowly rounded apically. Palpi; first seg- ment irregular, somewhat produced, the second narrowly oval, the third one-half longer, more slender, the fourth as long as the third, slightly expanded. Mesonotum very dark brown, the submedian lines thickly haired. Scutellum and postscutellum dark brown, the former with dark fuscous hairs apically. Abdomen light brown, sparsely clothed with white hairs. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish white. Legs dark brown; claws strongly curved, pulvilli distinctly longer than the claws. Oviposi- tor nearly as long as the abdomen, the terminal lobes slender, with a length three times the width. Type Cecid. 44. Dasyneura similis Felt 1900) Melt, H.-P: Ne Yo State Mus ibali24" pegs This reddish brown species was taken on thistle at Albany, N. Y., July 17, 1906. Female. Length 2mm. Antennae extending to the base of thc abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, yellowish basally; 13 seg- ments, the fifth with a length twice its diameter, the terminal seg ment greatly produced, evidently composed of two closely fused. Palpi; first segment slender, rectangular, the second a little longer, stouter, the third one-half longer than the second, the fourth | little longer and more slender than the third. Face yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines yellowish, thickly haired. Scutellum brown, postscutellum darker. Abdomen red- dish brown, the dorsal sclerites fuscous. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs a nearly uniform dark brown; claws strongly curved, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Ovipositor when extended as long as the body; terminal lobes narrowly oval. Type Cecid. 596. Dasyneura antennata Felt 1908 Felt, E: P.. N. Y. ‘State Mus, Bul 24) pi 347 This dark brown species was taken on sugar maple at Albany, INDI 2) tine hi rO06: Female. Length .75 mm. Antennae dark brown, about three- quarters the length of the body, sparsely haired; 13 ovate segments, the fifth with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the ter- minal segment greatly produced, with a length four times its diameter, evidently composed of two segments closely fused. Palpi; first segment long, slender, second stout, irregularly curved, the third rectangular or ovate, the fourth more than twice the length of the third. Face dark brown. Mesonotum very dark brown. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum and abdomen dark brown, the latter sparsely ornamented with fine setae. Wings hyaline. costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs a nearly wh, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1913 161 uniform fuscous brown; claws strongly curved, the pulvilli longe= than the claws. Ovipositor nearly the length of the abdomen, the terminal lobes slender, with a length nearly four times the width. ype Cecid, 213. Fig. 19 Gallof Dasyneura parthenocissi (natural size, original) Dasyneura parthenocissi Stebb. This species produces the rather common turgid midrib swelling (plate 2, figure 13) on the Virginia creeper and has been noticed by the author in detail in the Journal of the New York pone Bele Society, 21 :216-17, 1913. 162 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dasyneura canadensis Felt 1907 Felt, E. Pi (N.CY: State Mus. Bul -m0 spas 1908 ——————_ NN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 347, 350 This pale salmon midge was reared by the late Dr James Fletcher May 1, 1907 from Cecidomyiid larvae infesting the seeds of white spruce, Picea canadensis, taken in the vicinity ob Ottawa, Canada. The larvae live within the seeds, and do not produce a deformity in the cone. This species might become of some economic importance on account of destroying spruce seed, though Doctor Fletcher informed us that it was much parasitized by a Proctotrypid and sparsely by a Chalcid. Microdus bicolor Prov.? (Ins. Life 3:18) may be a parasite of this midge. Polygnotus species was reared from this species. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired dark brown, yellowish basally, a few of the terminal segments reddish; mouthparts fuscous yellowish; 17 segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the basal enlargement; terminal segment with the basal portion produced, narrowly oval. Palpi; the first segment subrectangular, the second a little longer, stouter, the third one-half longer and more slender than the second, the fourth a little longer and more slender than the third. Mesono- tum reddish brown, sometimes darker, the submedian lines narrow, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs. Scutellum pale yellowish rex with a few coarse setae apically, postscutellum and abdomen a pale salmon, the latter sparsely clothed with fine hairs; genitalia fuscous ; venter a pale yellowish orange, the subquadrate sclerites dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown; halteres and basal por- tion of femora pale yellowish, distal portion of femora and tibiae fuscous yellowish, the tarsi a variable fuscous brown; claws short, stout, strongly curved, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment stout; terminal clasp segment stout at base; dorsal plate broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate; ventral plate long, tapering slightly, broadly and roundly emarginate. | Female. Length 2mm. Antennae extending to the third abdom- inal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, slightly reddish distally, the basal segments fuscous yellowish; 13 segments, the fifth sub- sessile, subcylindric, tapering, with a length about twice its diam- eter. Mesonotum a shining brownish black, submedian lines nar- row, thickly haired. Scutellum fuscous yellowish with a few coarse setae apically, postscutellum brownish black. Abdomen a pale salmon; ovipositor somewhat lighter. Ovipositor about as long as the abdomen, terminal lobes long, slender, broadly rounded. Other characters about as in the male. Type Cecid. a1428. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1913 163 Dasyneura gleditschiae O. S. 1867 Osten Sacken, C. R. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc., 6:219-20 (Cecidomyia) 1892 Beutenmueller, William. Amer. Mus. of Nat. Hist. Bul., 4:266 (Cecidomyia) 1900 Smith, J. B. Ins. N. J. Cat., p. 620 (Cecidomyia) 1904 Cook, M. T. Ohio St. Univ. Bul. 15, s. 6, p. 267 (Cecidomyia) 1903 ——————_ Ohio St. Univ. Bul. 20. s. 7, p. 426-27 (Cecidomyia) 1904 Beutenmueller, William. Amer. Mus. Jour. Guide Leaflet 16, p. 26 (Cecidomyia ) mo05 Cook, M. T. Geol. & Nat. Resour. Ind. 29th Rep’t, p. 839 (Ceci- domyia) , . fo00 Pelt, E: P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 104, p. 125 (Cecidomyia) 1906 ——————_ NN. Y.. State Mus. Mem. 8, 2:729 (Cecidomyia) 1908 ——————_ NN. Y.. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 337, 347. This species was first observed by Osten Sacken in August 1866 on account of its deforming the leaflets of the honey locust, Sreditschia triacanthos. ‘The young leaves are trans- formed into characteristic podlike swellings inhabited by two or three pale orange larvae. Osten Sacken states that the adults began to appear about the 1oth of August. This species is evidently widely distributed, since it has been recorded by Beutenmueller as not common in Central Park, though Doctor Smith lists it as a common form in New Jersey. It is recorded by Cook in his List of Insect Galls of Indiana, as a common species. This species was also reared by B. H. Walden June 20, 1904 from rolled leaves collected at New Haven, Conn. Beutenmueller reports the appear- ance of the adult in July and August. These records clearly show that the emergence of the flies extends over a considerable period. Gall. The gall of this species is composed of a folded leaflet deformed in such a way as to assume the appearance of a pod (pl. 8, fig. 4), each gall containing 2 to 3 pale orange larvae with a very delicate, narrow breastbone. Doctor Cook states that the two halves of.the leaflet never have an opportunity to unfold though there is a growth of cells allowing the leaflet to enlarge and form the larval chamber between the two halves. The cells are at first normal but gradually lengthen in an axis at right angles to the midrib. Dasyneura pseudacaciae Fitch 1859 Fitch, Asa. N. Y. S. Agric. Soc. Trans., 18:833 (Cecidomyia) 1859 ——————_ Nox. & Other Ins. N. Y. 5th Rep’t, p. 53 (Cecidomyia) 1874 Glover, Townend MSS. Notes from My Journal Dipt., p. 68 (Cecidomyia) 1890 Packard, A. S. U.S. Ent. Com. 5th Rep’t, p. 368 (Cecidomyia) 000 Felt, E: P. -Inj. & Other Ins. N. Y. 21st Rep’t, p. 125-27 1906 ——————__ Ins. Affect. Pk. & Wdld. Trees, N. Y. State Mus. Mem. BD, 2:730 164 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM This species occasionally occurs on black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia, in such numbers as to badly deform the young leaves, preventing their unfolding and causing them to assume a peculiar, podlike form. This is caused by the female depositing probably two or three eggs in each unfolding leaf. The young maggots cause sufficient irritation to prevent the leaf unfolding. It is occasionally so abundant as to affect most of the leaves on an entire hedge, as reported by Mr C. L. Williams of Glens Falls, N. Y., in 1905. The adults appear in July. It is probable thag this species has been confused with the described D. gledit- schiae O.S., which produces similar galls on the honeylocust This dark brown species with the third vein nearly straight and 14 sessile segments, may be separated from the allied D. gledit- chiae’ O.S: by the fifth tarsal segment having a length thieg times its width and by the long ovipositor lobes, the latter tapering and with a length three times their width. . Gall. The gall of this species simply consists of badly deformed, rolled leaflets forming peculiar, podlike structures about one-quar- ter of an inch long. Occasionally the insect is so abundant as to deform most of the young leaflets. Pupa. Length 1.6 mm, brownish; cephalic horns long, slender. The antennal cases extend to the base of the wing pads, the latter to the tip of. the second abdominal segment, the leg cases to the third and fourth abdominal segments; eyes dark brown. Dasyneura californica Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 347 This reddish brown species was reared February 13, 1886 by Mr Pergande from bud galls on willow, Salix californica, taken at Alameda, Cal. One parasite was also reared. Gall. This has been described simply as a bud gall and the larvae inhabiting the same as pale orange. . Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, reddish brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a length one-half greater than its diameter, the four- teenth evidently composed of two closely fused, the distal portion being subconic and separated from the larger basal part by a dis- tinct constriction. Palpi; first segment irregularly subquadrate, the second longer, stouter, the third one-half longer and more slen- der than the second, the fourth a little longer and more slender than the third. Mesonotum reddish brown, the submedian lines indis- tinct. Scutellum a little darker, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen reddish brown, sparsely haired. Wings hyaline, costa light brown. Halteres pale yellowish ; coxae and base of femora yellowish, distal part of femora, tibiae and probably tarsi darker; claws strongly REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 165 curved, unidentate, the pulvilli longer than the claws. Oviposito: about as long as the body, the terminal lobes with a length three times the diameter. Type Cecid. 981. Dasyneura denticulata Felt foo7 Felt, E. P. N..Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 117. Separate, p. 21 1908 ——————_ NN Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 347 This peculiar female with very hairy wings and dark carmine abdomen was taken on white spruce, Picea canadensis, at make Clear, N. Y., June 7, 1906. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae a little shorter than the body, sparsely haired, reddish brown; 14 segments, the fifth sub- sessile, ovate with a length three-quarters greater than its diameter ; terminal segment prolonged, subfusiform. Palpi; the first segment fusiform, the second as long as the first, rather stout, subrectangular, the third two-thirds the length of the preceding, narrowly oval, the fourth a little longer, broadly lanceolate, face dark brown. Mesonotum dark carmine. Scutellum tinged with yellowish, post- scutellum and abdomen dark carmine. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown; halteres yellowish transparent, femora and tibiae yellowish brown, tarsi dark brown with suggestions of annulations; claws stout, strongly curved at the distal third. Ovipositor three-quarters the length of the body, the terminal lobes stout, broad, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 156. Dasyneura augusta Felt foo> Felt, E. P. N.Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 348 This reddish orange female was taken on oak, Quercus, at Albany, N. Y., August 6, 1906. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae one-third the length of the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth sub- cylindric, with a length one-half greater than its diameter. Palpi; the first segment swollen and rounded distally, the second elongate, subquadrate, stout, the third more slender and the fourth one-half longer than the third; face fuscous. Mesonotum dark brown, sub- median lines fuscous yellowish. Scutellum and postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen reddish orange, the ovipositor fuscous yellowish with the subterminal segment pale orange. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown; halteres pale yellowish. Coxae a variable fuscous and fuscous yellowish, femora yellowish basally, fuscous apically, tibiae fuscous yellowish, darker apically, tarsi dark brown; claws rather slender, strongly curved. Ovipositor moderately long, terminal lobe very long, slender, broadly rounded. Type Cecid. 737. 166 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dasyneura rosarum Hardy 1850 Hardy, James. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., s. 2, 6:186 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 348 This dark brown species was reared July 11, 1907 from the folded terminal leaves of rose taken at Albany, N. Y. The insects reared agree so closely with the description of the above named European species that they have been provisionally identified there- with Torymus ostensackenii D.T. was teared” fram this midge. Gall. The three terminal leaflets of the branch are folded to- gether longitudinally and containnumerous white larvae. The gall is greenish tinged with brown and about 18 mm long. The general appearance is very similar to the illustration given by Connold in his Vegetable Galls. Female. Length 2 to 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the fifth abdominal segment, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish; 14 seg- ments, the fifth with a stem about one-fourth the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length about twice its diameter; terminal segment reduced, broadly oval. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, subquadrate, the second more than twice the length of the first, more slender, the third a little longer and more slender than the second, the fourth a little shorter than the third. Head slightly reddish. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired, fuscous orange. Scutellum fuscous yellowish, post- scutellum lighter. Abdomen sparsely clothed with fine hairs, dark brown, the incisures and venter dark salmon. Wings hyaline, costa light brown; halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs a uniform dark brown, femora pale beneath; claws long, slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli a little longer than the claws. Ovi- positor pale salmon, about half the length of the abdomen, the terminal lobes long, slender, narrowly oval. Cecid. ar4ol. Dasyneura semenivora Beutm. Violet seed midge 1907 Beutenmueller, William. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 23, p. 390-91 (Cecidomyia) “910 Stebbins, F. A. Springf. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 2, p. 45 (ag Cecidomyia) The work of this species has been known for several years. The late Dr James Fletcher called the writer’s attention to the fact that a noted botanist described the distorted fruits produced by this species as the natural production of Viola dicksonii. This species is evidently widely distributed, since it is usually present though not abundant, according to the late Doctor Fletcher, in the REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 167 vicinity of Ottawa, Canada. It has been found at Albany, N. Y., pod taken at Plainfield, N. J. It is stated by Professor Beuten- miiteller that the gall was first recorded by E. L. Green in 1902’ and described by E. Brainerd in 1904.2. The galls from which the type specimens were reared were taken by Mr W. De W. Miller at Plainfield, N. J., who states that they occur from July until late in October, the mature larvae spinning up and hibernating within the gall. | Gall. The gall is about 1 cm long, 7 cm in diameter, irregular, a variable brown and has been characterized by Doctor Fletcher as a large plumlike gall. The interior consists of a mass of old cells among the seeds, the individual cells being about 2 mm by 1 mm, yellowish gray, adherent and irregularly placed. Professor Beuten- meuller states that the gall is about the size of a pea or gooseberry, measures from 6 to 14 mm in diameter and is attached by a short stalk to the base of the plant. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem three-quarters the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length nearly twice its diameter; terminal segment reduced, nar- rowly oval. Palpi; the first segment broadly oval, the second with a length over twice its diameter, the third one-half longer than the second, more slender, the fourth a little longer and more slender than the third. Mesonotum shiny dark reddish brown. Scutellum yellowish brown, postscutellum and abdomen dark yellowish brown, the latter thickly haired. Genitalia fuscous. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, subcosta uniting with the anterior margin near the basal third, the third vein well before the apex. Halteres yellowish transparent. Coxae and femora basally fuscous yellowish; femora distally, and tibiae light brown, the tarsi mostly darker brown = claws evenly curved, the pulvilli shorter. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender; terminal clasp segment short, stout; dorsal plate long, broad, narrowly incised; ventral plate long, broad. Harpes long, broad, tapering, roundly truncate. Female. Length 2mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly haired, dark brown; 16 segments, the fifth sub- sessile, with a length twice its diameter. Ovipositor fuscous yel- lowish, nearly as long as the abdomen, the terminal lobes large, narrowly oval. Described from type specimens, Cecid. a1830, kindly donated by Prof. William Beutenmueller. *Pittonia, 52103. * Rhodora, 6:15. 168 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dasyneura americana Felt 1908 Felt, E. Mus. Bul. 124, p. 349 This dark brown species was taken on red clover at Karner, N. Y., June 4, 1906. Female. Length 1 mm. Antennae extending to the third ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown; 16 segments, the fifth slightly oval, with a length three-quarters greater than its diameter; terminal segment reduced, narrowly oval. Palpi; first segment short, subquadrate, the second swollen, roundly rectangu- lar, the third one-half longer, slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third. Mesonotum dark brown, the distinct submedian lines yellow haired. Scutellum yellowish brown, postscutellum red- dish brown. Abdomen dark brown, sparsely clothed with fine hairs. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish trans-.: parent. Femora mostly pale straw, brownish apically; tibiae and tarsi reddish brown; distal tarsal segments slightly darker; claws slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli about as long as the claws Ovipositor longer than the body, the terminal lobes slender, with a length more than four times the width, narrowly rounded. Type ecids" 127. Dasyneura purpurea Felt tp0e Pelt, E. P.. N. Y. State Mus: Bul. 124, p;. 340 This dark brown species was reared September 27, 1907 from enlarged florets of the Joe-Pye weed, Eupatorium purpur- eum, taken both on Staten Island and at Karner, N. Y. Gall. Length 1 cm, diameter .4 cm. An oval or fusiform, bud- ig purplish enlargement (pl. 4, fig. 15) inhabited by yellowish arvae. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the third ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown; 16 segments, the 182 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM fifth with a length twice its diameter, the terminal segment slightly reduced, narrowly oval. Palpi; first segment short, stout, irregu- larly subquadrate, the second roundly rectangular, the third one- half longer, rather stout, the fourth longer than the third, some- what dilated. Mesonotum shining dark brown, the submedian lines thickly haired. Scutellum and postscutellum pale or fuscous orange. Abdomen dark brown, the incisures deep orange. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. MHalteres pale orange. Coxae and base of femora yellowish straw, the distal portion of femora and tibiae fuscous yellowish, the tarsi dark brown; claws rather slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor one- half longer than the body; terminal lobe slender, with a length three times its width, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. a 1693a. Dasyneura lysimachiae Beutm. 1907 Beutenmueller, William. Can. Ent., 39:305-6 (Cecidomyia) 1908 ‘Felt, Ee) BP. N° *Y. State Maus. Bull 124. p. 340, 350 This species was reared in August 1906 from a terminal conic leaf gall on the whorled loosestrife, Lysimachia quadri- folia, taken at Albany, N. Y. A similar gall, possibly that of this species, was found on L. terrestris August 9, 1912, at Elm Lake in the Adirondacks. Eupelmus dryorhizoxeni Ashm. was reared from an axillary bud gall possibly produced by the same midge. Gall. This is a conical enlargement of the terminal bud (pl. 9, fig. 2) and contains a number of yellowish larvae. Male. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae one-quarter longer than the body, thickly clothed with long hairs, brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem one-quarter longer than the basal enlargement; term- inal segment slightly produced, narrowly oval. Palpi; the first seg- ment long, subtriangular, swollen distally, the second as long as the first, narrowly oval, the third one-half longer than the second, mor slender, the fourth about as long as the third. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, stout; terminal clasp segment short, stout greatly swollen near the middle; dorsal plate long, broad, deeply and triangularly incised; ventral plate long, broad, broadly and roundly emarginate. Harpes short, stout, tapering to a heavy, chitinous spur about one-quarter the length of the organ. Other characters nearly as in the female. : Female. Length I mm. Antennae extending to the third ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, brown; 17 segments, the fifth subsessile, cylindric, with a length nearly thrice its diameter; term- inal segment produced, tapering, narrowly rounded apically. Palpi; the first segment stout, expanded distally, the second narrowly oval, as long as the first, the third more slender, twice the length of the REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I913 183 second, the fourth a little longer than the third, slightly more d1- lated. Face fuscous yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the sub- median lines thickly yellow haired. Scutellum pale yellowish, post- scutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen blood-red, the segments margined posteriorly with yellow hairs. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. MHalteres yellowish basally, reddish apically. Coxae and basal portion of femora a variable yellowish, the femora apically, and tibiae a variable brown, tarsi a nearly uniform dark brown; claws long, slender, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor nearly as long as the body, the terminal lobes very long, slender, narrowly rounded. Described from a type kindly donated for study by Prof. William Beutenmueller. Cecid. 1240. Dasyneura flavoabdominalis Felt Zoos Felt, BE. P: .N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 350 This yellowish species was taken on solidago at Albany, N. Y., August 6, 1906. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae two-thirds the length of the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, fuscous yellowish basally ; 16 segments, the fifth subcylindric, with a length twice its diameter. Palpi; the first segment subquadrate, second a little longer, sub- orbicular, the third twice the length of the second, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender, slightly en- larged distally. Mesonotum brownish black, submedian lines with sparse, yellowish hairs. Scutellum and postscutellum yellowish white. Abdomen yellowish orange, membrane and pleurae lighter, dorsally sparsely clothed with fuscous scales, ovipositor fuscous yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, halteres pale yellow- ish. Coxae fuscous orange, femora and tibiae fuscous yellowish, tarsi light brown; claws rather slender, strongly curved. Oviposi- tor longer than the insect, terminal lobe slender, broadly rounded. Type Cecid. 738. Dasyneura cercocarpi Felt nonz Pelt; EF. P. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour.,- 21 -215-16 The midges described elsewhere were reared in April from an mapticated bud. gall on Cercocarpwus parvifolius col- lected by Prof. E. Bethel at Golden, Col. Dasyneura aromaticae Felt m00 Felt, E. P. Econ. Ent. Jour., 2-289 This species was reared August 23, 1908 from sprigs of mint taken at Barre, Mass., by Miss Cora H. Clarke. Gall. An ovoid, hairy, green, axillary or terminal gall about 4 mm in length. The adults undergo their final transformations in 184 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM whitish, oval cocoons about 3 mm long, irregularly placed among the distorted leaflets. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae as long as the body, rather thickly haired, dark brown; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half greater than its diameter, terminal segment slightly reduced, broadly oval. Palpi; the first segment irregularly subquadrate, the second broadly oval, with a length three times its diameter, the third more slender, the fourth only slightly longer than the third. Scutellum fuscous yellowish, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen yellowish brown, the basal segments and genitalia fuscous. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. MHalteres yellowish, fuscous apically. Coxae and base of femora yellowish, the distal part of femora, tibiae and tarsi dark brown; claws slender, curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, terminal clasp segment long, slightly swollen basally ; dorsal plate broad, deeply and roundly emarginate, ventral plate short, broadly and roundly emarginate. Harpes stout, roundly truncate. Type Cecid. a1875. Dasyneura attenuata Felt 1008 Felt, E.. Px oN. State Muss Bula, p:350 The male was taken at Albany, N. Y., June 9, 1907 in a sweep capturing D. graminis. It was at first presumed to belong to that species. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 16 segments, the fifth with a stem one-quarter longer than the basal enlargement; terminal segment reduced, nar- rowly oval, subacute distally. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, subquadrate, the second a little longer, narrowly oval, the third one-half longer than the second, more slender, the fourth a little longer than the third. Face fuscous. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum brown, postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen dark reddish orange. Wings hyaline, costa light brown. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout; terminal clasp segment stout, swollen basally; dorsal and ventral plates short, broadly and triangularly incised. Harpes short, stout, taper- ing, obtuse, with an irregular, subquadrate tooth. Described from a dried specimen. Type Cecid. 1209b. Dasyneura flavoscuta Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 350 This reddish brown species was taken on solidago at Albany, NOY, | jttby £6, .1G06. Female. Length 2mm. Antennae extending to the fourth ab- dominal segment, rather thickly clothed with long hairs, dark brown, fuscous basally; 17 segments, the fifth subsessile, subcylin- dric, with a length two and one-half times its diameter; terminal REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I913 185 ‘segment rather reduced, obovoid. Palpi; the first segment short, subquadrate, slightly swollen distally, the second narrowly oval, the third a little longer and more slender than the second, the fourth longer than the third; face fuscous, eyes large, black. Mesonotum dark brown with narrow, yellowish submedian lines. Scutellum light fuscous yellow. Abdomen reddish brown, incisures and pleurae deep carmine, dorsal sclerites sparsely clothed with pale brown setae. Ovipositor pale yellowish, terminal segments irregu- larly ornamented with long, black hairs. Wings subhyaline, costa dark brown; halteres pale yellowish basally, semitransparent api- cally. Legs nearly uniform fuscous; claws stout, uniformly curved. Ovipositor as long as the body; the terminal lobes long, slender, broadly rounded. Type Cecid. 553. Dasyneura consobrina Felt eeto07 Pelt, E. P. N. Y: State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 118.. Separate, p. 21-22 1908 ——————_ NN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 350 This fuscous orange species was taken on white pine, Pinus tO DiS, at Albany, .N. Y., June. 11, 1906. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the third ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown; 17 segments, fifth subsessile, subcylindric, with a length twice its diameter; terminal segment suboval. Palpi; the first segment subrectangular, slightly swollen at the distal fourth, the second a little longer, stouter, the third one-half longer, more slender and the fourth one-half longer than the third; face dark brown. Mesonotum dark brown, sub- median lines pale, sparsely ornamented with fine setae. Scutellum bright orange with sparse apical setae, postscutellum bright orange. Abdomen slightly fuscous orange, the incisures and pleurae bright orange, terminal segments yellowish, sparsely ornamented with fine, pale yellowish setae. Wings hyaline, costa pale reddish; halteres yellowish transparent basally, whitish transparent apically. Coxae and femora pale straw, tibiae and tarsi rather dark brown, the former lighter ventrally; claws long, slender, uniformly curved. Ovipositor three-quarters the length of the body, the terminal lobes long, tapering, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. 215. Dasyneura meliloti Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. N. Y: State Mus. Bul: 110, p. 116. Separate, p. 20 1908 —————— _ NN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 350 This dark brown species was taken on sweet clover, Melilotus mapa, at Albany, N. Y., August 6, 1906. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 17 segments, the fifth with a stem three-quarters the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length three-quarters greater than its diameter; terminal seg- 186 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ment short, subcylindric, tapering, broadly rounded. Palpi; first segment subquadrate, the second nearly twice as long as the pre- ceding, the third one-half longer than the second, and the fourth a little longer than the third. Face fuscous. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum slaty brown. Abdomen dark brown, mem- brane and pleurae yellowish; genitalia dark brown. Wings hya- line, costa dark brown. MHalteres pale yellowish. Coxae fuscous yellowish. Legs mostly dark brown; claws slender, strongly curved. Genitalia; basal and terminal clasp segments stout; dorsal plate broad; ventral plate narrow; both deeply incised. Harpes stout, convolute, the edges irregularly serrate. Type Cecid. 744. Dasyneura pedalis Felt 1908 Felt} "H.-P. NYY. State ius: Bullv124 pe 350 This dark brown form was taken in a trap lantern at Newport, NY. Jiunei2 7.1000: Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, yellowish basally; 17 segments, the fifth with a stem one-quarter longer than the basal enlargement, which latter has a length two and one-half times its diameter; terminal seg- ment short, suboval. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, the sec- ond one-half longer, stout, the third one-half longer than the sec- ond, more slender, the fourth a little longer and more slender than the third. Face yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines obscurely yellowish. Scutellum deep reddish brown, with Sparse apical setae, postscutellum reddish yellow. Abdomen a nearly uniform dark brown, the basal segments somewhat darker, sparsely clothed with fine setae. Wings hyaline, costa light brown. Halteres pale yellowish basally, slightly fuscous apically. Legs nearly uniform dark brown with a fuscous tinge at the articula- tions; claws long, stout. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout; terminal clasp segment short, stout; dorsal plate broad, deeply and triangularly incised; ventral plate long, narrow, deeply and roundly incised. Harpes subtriangular, irregularly truncate. Type Cecid. 410. Dasyneura serrulatae O. S. 1862 Osten Sacken, C. R. Monogr. Dipt. N. Am., 1:198 (Cecidomyia) 1891 Riley, C. V. & Howard, L. O. Insect Life, 4:125 1893 Townsend, C. H. T. Ent. Soc. Wash. Proc., 2:388-89 (Cecidomyia) 1900 Smith, J. B. List of Insects N. J., p. 621 (Cecidomyia) 1906 Felt, E. P. Insects Affect. Prk. & Wdld. Trees, 2:750 1007, Jjanvis; TDs Ent. Soc. Ont.37th (Rept p68 1908 Felt, E P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 351 1600) Jarvis, *L. Do “Ent, Soc. (Ont: 30th) Rept, p: 76 1910 Stebbins, F. A. Springf. Mus. Nat. Hist. Bul. 2, p. 16. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 187 The writer has found the gall of this species rather common on maers Alnus Crisp a, in the vicinity of Albany, N. Y.,. and also at Davidson’s River, N. C. It has been recorded by Dr J. B. Smith as common in New Jersey and is evidently abundant in and about Washington, D. C. The larvae enter the ground in late fall, the flies appearing the following April. Several parasites have been reared from galls of this midge, namely Polymecus alni- moan eAcnin. MS, Polysnotus alnicola. Ashm.») MS; Pinas. Spiritus Gir) and. ./lorymts,.), ostene ac emi 1) Dil Gall. The gall is a subconic, deformed bud 6 to 12 mm in diameter. It is a variable greenish. or pinkish and frequently with a distinct whitish bloom. The hollow interior contains several larvae, in some instances two types; a small, possibly young, whitish larva and a pale green or reddish larva with a distinct breastbone. Male. Length 3.5mm. Antennae shorter than the body, thickly haired, light brown; 18 segments, the fifth with a stem three- quarters the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length twice its diameter. Palpi; the first segment irregular, incrassate, the second with a length three times its diameter, the third a little longer, more slender, the fourth nearly twice the length of the third. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines thickly haired. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum darker. Abdomen reddish brown, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs; genitalia dark brown. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. MHalteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs a nearly uniform light brown; claws long, strongly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia ; basal clasp segment stout, truncate; terminal clasp segment long, nearly straight, slender; dorsal plate long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate; ventral plate long, deeply and triangularly emarginate. Harpes long, slender, irregularly truncate. Female. Length 4 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth ab- dominal segment, rather thickly haired, light brown; 18 segments, the fifth cylindric, with a length twice its diameter; terminal seg- ment reduced, narrowly oval. Ovipositor when extended nearly as long as the abdomen; terminal lobes narrowly oval, with a length nearly four times the width, sparsely setose. Other characters prac- tically as in the opposite sex. The megascopic characters were drafted from type specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the microscopic charac- ters from specimens reared by Mr Pergande, April 30, 1884. Dasyneura toweri Felt 1900". Relt, EP. Econ. Ent. Jour.,92:280 This species was reared September 16 and October 20, 1908 from enlarged flower buds of Hypericum mutilum taken by 188 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Miss Cora H. Clarke at Magnolia, Mass. Galls from which midges had issued were also observed by her July 13, 19009. Gall. The axillary flower buds of Hypericum mutilum are swollen, ovate, 5 mm long, 3 mm in diameter and greenish or reddish. Egg. Length .15 mm, narrowly elliptical, probably reddish orange in color. Larva. Length 2 mm, yellowish, moderately stout, the head broadly triangular. Antennae short, stout, acute. Breastbone wanting, segmentation distinct. Skin smooth, posterior extremity roundly truncate, the lateral angles with irregular groups of three or more rather stout, semitransparent processes; anus ovate. Pupa. Length 2 mm. Mesonotum reddish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen mostly dull gray, the dorsal sclerites a variable fuscous anteriorly, with stout, closely set spines. Thoracic horns long, slender, acute. Antennal and leg cases yellowish gray, the latter extending to the acute tip of the abdomen. Wing cases dark gray. Male. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 19 segments, the fifth with a stem one-quarter longer than the cylindric basal enlargement, which lat- ter has a length twice its diameter ; terminal segment reduced, nar- rowly oval. Palpi; first segment obconic, the second stout, sub- oval, the third a little longer, slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender; terminal clasp segment long, swollen near the middle; dorsal plate broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate, ventral plate broad, deeply and roundly emarginate. Harpes stout, truncate anc irregularly tuberculate, broadly rounded. Other characters pre- sumably as in the female. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the third ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown; 19 cylindric sessile segments, the fifth with a length three times its diameter; terminal segment reduced, narrowly oval. Palpi; first segment short, stout, the second broadly oval, the third longer, more slender, the fourth twice the length of the third. Mesonotum shining dark brown. Scutellum dark reddish brown, postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen a variable reddish, the dorsal sclerites, especially basally, fuscous ; terminal segment and ovipositor fuscous. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs a variable fuscous yellowish, the distal third of femora and the basal half of tibiae mostly fuscous; claws slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Ovipositor about one-third the length of the abdomen, the terminal lobe stout, with a length about four times its diameter, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. a1883. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQT3, 189 Lasiopteryx Westw. Lepidomyia Kieft. Ledomyia Kieff. 1840 Westwood, J. O. Introd. & Classif. of Ins., v. 2, suppl., p. 126 1864 Shiner, J. R. Fauna Austriaca Dipt., 2:410 (Diomyza Shin.) 1876 Bergenstamm, J. E. & Low, Paul. Syn. Cecidomyidarum, p. 24 1877 Karsch, F. A. F. Revis. der Gallmticken, p. 14 1894 Kieffer, J. J. Wien. Ent. Zeit., 13:201 (Lepidomyia) 1895 —— Soc. Ent. Fr. Bul. 64, p. 320 (Ledomyia) 1897 ——————_ Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 55 (also Ledomyia) 1900 ——————- Soc. Ent. Fr. Ann., 69 :443 1901 ——————__ Soc. Hist. Nat. Metz. Bul., p. 17 1904 —————— Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann. 28, pt 2. Sep., p. 2-7 (Ledomyia) fort Pelt, E.-P.. N.Y. Ent, Soc: Jour, 10344 This genus is easily recognized by the fuscous or subhyaline wings, the membrane being more or less thickly scaled; the third vein well separated from the anterior margin and uniting with the thickly scaled costa near the distal fourth. Tarsi quinquearticulate, - the first or metatarsus short; claws unidentate. Antennal segments cylindric, sessile in the female, those of the male with a distinct stem; circumfili present. Palpi quadriarticulate. Type L. obfus- cata Meigen. Represented by five specimens in the British Museum, one of which was placed in a balsam mount by the writer. A study of Westwood’s type in the British Museum shows this to be a valid genus though hardly referable to the Heteropezinae on account of circumfili being present. Kuieffer’s Ledomyia, erected with L. lugens as the type, is in all probability a synonym of this genus, though on examination of the antennae in water under a cover glass, we were unable to detect circumfili. These latter are easily demonstrated in other species which Kieffer has referred to this genus. One American species referred to Lasiopteryx differs from European forms studied, in the unusually stout and greatly de- veloped circumfili. These organs in the male are irregular and the longer loops extend to the tip of stems as long as the basal enlargement of the antennal segment. Likewise, in the female the circumfili extend to the tip of the shorter stem. This group exhibits a relationship with the Lasiopterariae on account of the heavily scaled costa, while the well separated third vein and the stemmed antennae of the male indicate a close connection with the Dasy- neurariae. Our best. known form, L. coryli Felt, was reared from leaf folds of hazel, Corylus americana. It is interest- ing to note that its ally, L. carpini Felt, was taken on ironwood, I9gO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Carpinus americana, and may possibily be identical with Cecidomyia pudibunda O.S%., the larvae of which live in the folds of beech leaves. LASIOPTERYX Key to species a Antennae with 10 to 12 segments, the fifth of the male with a stem three-quarters the length of the basal enlargement, the ovipositor long b Abdomen yellowish red; female antennae with 10, male antennae with II segments, the ovipositor one-third the length of the abdomen flavotirbialts Felt, € ies bb Abdomen reddish brown; antennal segments 12, the ovipositor as long or longer than the abdomen...... schwarzi Felt, C aziz aa Antennae with 13 or 14 segments, the ovipositor short b Fifth antennal segment of the male with a stem one-half the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement c Wings broad, the fourth palpal segment one-half longer than the third d Antennae of the male half the length of the body, the fifth segment having the basal enlargement with a length twice its diameter, that of the female with a length two and one-half times its diameter........... Doe INS See arrzonensis n. sp., ©.’ az06¢ dd Antennae of the male with a length nearly that of the body, the fifth having the basal enlargement with a length one- half greater than its diameter, that of the female with a length twice its diameter. Reared from Cassava...... manihot Felt. cc Wings narrow; female antennae slender, the fifth segment with a length three times its diameter, the fourth palpal segment one-quarter longer than the third...... car pini Felt) Ga bb Fifth antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlarge- ment, circumfili greatly and irregularly produced in the male.... coryli Felt, Co arsag Lasiopteryx flavotibialis Felt 1907 Felt, E.. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 157-58 (Dasyneura) 1908 ————_—— _N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 341 (Dasyneura) This striking and interesting form is at once recognized by the subhyaline and brilliantly iridescent wings, due to the numerous dark broad scales and the yellowish tibiae. The presence of well- developed circumfili prevent its reference to the Heteropezinae, while the distinctly petiolate antennae of the male prohibit its asso- ciation with Lasioptera, despite the numerous scales occurring upon both wings and body. This species is easily distinguished by the Tr and 10 segments of the male and female respectively, in con- REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I91I3 I9!f nection with the strongly curved third vein. The adults reared May 7 and 8th, 1907 are very erratic in behavior, flying con- tinuously perhaps for 10 minutes and then refusing to take wing. The pale salmon larvae were found in early May, under a hard, black, carbonaceous fungus overgrowing a decayed oak stump. The larvae were in cells and frequently folded so that the two extrem- ities were approximate. Larva. Length 3 mm, slender, color pale salmon. Head rather slender, with long, chitinous processes at the posterior lateral angles. Antennae uniarticulate, the segment with a length four times its diameter. Anterior margin of the first thoracic segment chitinized and supporting the subquadrate, slightly bidentate, chitinous process mis 21 Lasiopteryx flavotibtvalis, ventral aspect of larval head (enlarged, original) resembling a small breastbone, from the base of which arises a pair of long, diverging, chitinous prongs, all extending posteriorly (fig. 21); breastbone well developed, bidentate, the shaft long, slender. Skin nearly smooth. Posterior extremity broadly rounded, the median apical portion thickly set with short, stout spines. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, fuscous yellowish; 11 segments, the fifth with a stem three-quarters the length of the basal enlargement, which lat- ter has a length one-quarter greater than its diameter; terminal seg- ment with the basal portion greatly produced, nearly one-hali longer than that of the preceding, the distal part short, thickly setose. Palpi; fuscous yellowish, the first segment short, stout, subquadrate, the second one-half longer, the third about twice the length of the second, more slender, the fourth a little longer than the third. Face fuscous yellowish. Mesonotum fuscous, greenish 192 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM yellow, the submedian lines thickly clothed with long, fuscous hairs. Scutellum light reddish yellow with long setae apically, postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen dark yellowish red, thickly clothed with dark brown scales, the segments margined posteriorly with long, brown setae, the second to fifth segments with a pair of submedian, very small circular, orange spots near the distal third (these marks are visible only in favorable light and appear to be places where the black scales are missing). The sixth and seventh segments anc genitalia fuscous yellowish; venter yellowish red, thickly clothed with dark brown scales, except a narrow mesial area. Wings sub- hyaline, brilliantly iridescent, costa black. Halteres whitish basally, black apically. Pleurae and coxae yellowish transparent, the lat- ter with the anterior pair thickly clothed with long, black setae Femora mostly dark brown or black, yellowish basally; tibiae ; nearly uniform yellowish; tarsi fuscous yellowish, the three distal Fig. 22 Lasiopteryx flavotibialis, fourth antennal segment of male (enlarged, original) segments black; claws long, slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli shorter than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender; terminal clasp segment short, stout; dorsal plate broad, broadly and deeply emarginate; ventral plate long, broad, truncate. Harpes long, tapering. Female. Length 2mm. Antennae extending to the second ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish; 10 segments, the fifth subsessile, cylindric, with a length fully twice its diameter ; terminal segment greatly produced, tapering, obtuse. Mesonotum yellowish brown, the submedian lines thickly setose. Scutellum pale yellow, sparsely setose apically, postscutellum yellowish. Ab- domen reddish salmon, uniformly clothed with dark brown scales, terminal segments and ovipositor yellowish. Tuibiae yellowish basally, fuscous yellowish distally; tarsi dark fuscous yellowish, the distal segments black. Ovipostor one-third the length of the abdomen, the terminal lobes short, narrowly rounded. Type Cecid. a1454. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQT3 193 Lasiopteryx schwarzi Felt forcselt, BaP. N. Y. Ent. Soc.) Jour, 19:191-02 / Numerous midges were reared in the spring of 1911 from a dead wild fig branch collected by Mr E. A. Schwarz at Paraiso, Panama. It is easily separated from the preceding form by the larger number of antennal segments and marked differences in coloration. Lasiopteryx coryli Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. New species of Cecidomyiidae II, p. 11 (Dasyneura) 1908 ——————. _ NN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 202, 242 (Dasyneura) This species was reared July 11, 1907 from a fuzzy, wrinkled, fold gall at the base of hazel leaves taken at West Nyack, N. Y. The work of this insect was quite common in the vicinity and a number of adults were reared. a b Cc Fig. 23 Lasiopteryx coryli, 5th antennal segment, a male, b female, c reverse of Db (enlarged, original) Gall. The gall produced by this species occurs at the base of maze! leaves, Corylius americana, and consists of a‘series of radiating folds from the point of its attachment with the petiole. These folds rarely extend beyond the basal third of the leaf and form a series of deep, thickly haired wrinkles usually with the basal portions tinted with pink. The white larvae are 1 mm long. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown or black, the basal segments pale yellowish; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length two and one-half times its diameter; terminal segment somewhat prolonged, tapering (fig. 22). Palpi; the first segment short, stout, subquadrate, the second short, rounded distally, the third with a length fully 194 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM twice that of the preceding segment, more slender, the fourth a little longer and more slender than the third, face yellowish. Head, thorax, abdomen, pleura, coxae and basal extremity of the femora all pale yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the narrow submedian lines yellowish, sparsely haired. . Scutellum and postscutellum pale yellowish. Abdomen dark orange, very sparsely clothed dorsally with fuscous hairs; genitalia pale yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, the wing margin and fringe unusually heavy. Halteres large, yellowish basally, fuscous subapically. Legs with the coxac and base of femora pale yellowish, darker apically, distal portion of femora and tibiae light fuscous, tarsi dark brown, claws very long, slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli one-half the length of the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender, terminal clasp segment swollen, long, slender; dorsal plate broad, broadly rounded, ventral plate shorter, broad, broadly and triangularly emarginate; harpes long, slender, tapering, obtuse. Fig. 24 Lasiopteryx coryli, male genitalia (enlarged, original) Female. Length .66 to 1mm. Antennae not quite as long as the body, sparsely haired, pale yellowish; 14 segments, the fifth sub- sessile, subcylindric, stem about one-quarter the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length two and one-fourth times its diameter; terminal segment produced, narrowly rounded apically. Palpi; the first and second segments presumably short, stout, the third with a length about two and one-half times its diameter, the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender. Color a pale lemon yellow, the vestiture of the abdomen abundant enough to give some indication of banding. MHalteres dark brown. Legs pale yellowish; the pulvilli apparently shorter than the claws. Ovi positor short, the terminal lobes short, stout, broadly rounded. Type Ceeid: a1543: REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 195 Lasiopteryx arizonensis n. sp. The yellowish midge described below was reared April 21 and 24, 1911 from a jar containing wild grape leaves with numerous galls infested apparently by Phylloxera and collected August 15, 1910, by Dr R. E. Kunze at Prescott, Ariz. The very broad wings serve to distinguish this species from its near allies. Male. Length .8 mm. Antennae extending to the fifth abdominal segment, thickly haired, dark reddish brown; probably 14 segments, the fifth having a stem one-half the length of the cylindric basal en- largement, which latter has a length twice its diameter; terminal segment missing. Palpi; first segment small, irregularly subfusi- form, the second a little longer, subrectangular, the third a little shorter than the second, slightly swollen near the middle, the fourth fully one-half longer than the third, dilated apically. Mesonotum dark reddish brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. .Scutel- lum yellowish, postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen mostly fuscous yellowish, the dorsum of the segments sparsely clothed with fuscous hairs; genitalia fuscous. Wings subhyaline, un- usually broad, the length being less than one-half greater than the diameter; costa thickly scaled. Halteres yellowish basally, fus- cous apically. Coxae mostly pale yellowish; femora basally yellow- ish straw, slightly fuscous apically; tibiae and tarsi mostly dark brown or black and thickly scaled; claws slender, strongly curved, unidentate, the pulvilli nearly as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, slender; terminal clasp segment slightly swollen basally, long; dorsal plate long, broad, deeply and trian- gularly emarginate; ventral plate rather long, broad, subtruncate. Halteres subtriangular, apically with a series of chitinized, digitate processes. Female. Length .75 mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly haired, light brown, yellowish basally ; 14 subsessile segments, the fifth cylindric, with a length about twice its diameter; terminal segment slightly produced, with a length two and one-half times its diameter, narrowly rounded apic- ally. Palpi yellowish, the first segment irregularly subquadrate, the second narrowly oval, with a length about twice its diameter, ‘the third as long as the second, slender, the fourth one-half longer than the second. Face yellowish. Mesonotum light brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum and postscutellum light orange yellow. Abdomen sparsely haired, dark orange yellow. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes with a length one-quarter greater than the diameter, broadly rounded. Type Cecid. a2063. Lasiopteryx manihot Felt moi? Felt, E. P. Can. Ent., 44:144 The small yellowish midges were reared from Cassava, Mani- mot utilissima, July 15, 1911, by W. H. Patterson, St Vin- eent, W. I. i 196 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Lasiopteryx carpini Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. r10, p. 119. Separate, p. 23 (As- phondylia) 1908 ——————_N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 342 (Dasyneura) This species was taken on ironwood or blue beech, Carpinus americana, at Albany, N. Yo Jine'21, 1906: Female. Length .75 mm. Antennae extending to the middle of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, yellowish basally; 14 segments, the fifth cylindric, with a length two and one-half times its diameter, circumfili distinct, produced apically. Palpi; the first segment short, slightly expanded distally, second a little longer, the third suboval, a little longer than the second, the fourth more slender, elliptical and a little longer than the third. Face pale yellowish. Mesonotum fuscous orange with submedian lines yel- lowish, sparsely ornamented with fine setae. Scutellum pale yellow- ish with sparse apical setae, postscutellum fuscous yellow. Ab- domen a pale fuscous orange, rather sparsely clothed with fuscous setae. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown; halteres pale yellowish. Legs fuscous, pale yellowish basally, tarsi slightly darker; claws slender, strongly curved. Ovipositor short, the lobes orbicular. Type Cecid. 346. Lasiopteryx crispata Felt 1914 Felt, E. P. Psyche 20:111 One female provisionally referred to this genus was reared August 22, 1912, from a jar containing oval, yellowish blister leaf galls on Oakesia sessilifolia collected by Miss Cora Clarke at Magnolia, Mass. Arnoldia Kieff. Janetia Kieff. 1895 Kieffer, J. J. Wien Ent. Zeit., 14:7 1890 "Soc, But rr. Bul 65. ps 230. Janetia) 1897 ——————. Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 15 1910 Riibsaamen, E. H. Zeitsch. Wissenschaft. Insektenbiol., 15 :337 ort Belt} EB. 2.. Na Yat Soc. Jour. 196544 Members of this genus may be recognized by the quadriarticulate palpi, the 12 to 13 sessile antennal segments and the nearly straight third vein uniting with costa near the wing apex. The two latter characters serve to separate it from the American Neuromyia. The basal clasp segment of the male genitalia is not greatly dilated as in Macrolabis. The female has a slender, tapering ovipositor about as long as the abdomen. The type is Cecidomyia quercus Binn. Arnoldia gemmarum Rubs. produces a_ smaller, flattened, woolly gall on oak than does Dryomyia circinans_ Giraud. Balsam mounts of the type, prepared by Professor Rub- | saamen were studied by the author in the Museum of Natural History at Berlin. No American forms have been recognized. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1913 197 Neuromyia Felt Mort Felt, BE. P. “N. Y: Ent. Soc. Jour., 19:44 This genus is erected for the reception of several small forms erroneously referred at the outset to Arnoldia. These insects re- semble, in a general way, Rhizomyia and may be readily sep- arated therefrom by the strongly curved third vein uniting with costa at the distal fourth, the 4 or 5 segments of the palpi and the relatively short terminal clasp segment of the male genitalia. Members of this genus are distinguished from Macrolabis Kieff. by the basal clasp segment not being greatly enlarged and from Arnoldia Kieff. by the stemmed antennal segments of the male. Type N. minor Felt, erroneously referred to Kieffer’s genus Arnoldia. lig. 25 Neuromyia minor, fifth antennal segment of male (enlarged, original) Neuromyia minor Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. New Species of Cecidomyiidae II, p. 9 (Arnoldia) 1908 ————_——._ NN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 290, 340 (Arnoldia) Igl1l —————— _ N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour., 19:44 Several specimens of this dark brown species, only .75 mm in length, were taken on a window at Nassau, N. Y., July 1, 1906. It is the only known representative of the genus. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae extending almost to the tip of the abdomen, rather thickly haired, dark brown, fuscous basally ; I2 segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the basal enlargement, which latter has a length three times its diameter ; terminal segment slightly prolonged, slender, fusiform, obtuse distally. Palpi; the first segment rather stout, subquadrate, the second stouter, nar- 198 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM rowly oval, the third one-half longer, more slender, the fourth a little longer than the third, more attenuate, face fuscous. Meso- notum dark brown, submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum dark brown, yellowish orange basally, postscutel- lum dark brown. Abdomen a _ uni- form dark brown. Wings subhya- line, costa thickly clothed with dark brown scales, subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal third, the third vein at the distal sixth, the fifth vein joining the posterior margin at the distal fourth, its branch at the basal third, subcosta and the base of the third and fifth veins rather thickly clothed with scales ; halteres yellowish transparent. Coxae pale orange, femora and tibiae pale yellowish, distally with narrow reddish or brownish bands, tarsi dark brown; claws rather long, stout, evenly curved, the anterior unidentate. Gen- italia ; basal clasp segment long, stout ; , terminal clasp segment short, stout, Fig. 26 Neuromyia swollen basally. Dorsal plate broad, minor, terminal antennal deeply and _ triangularly incised. segment of male (enlarged, | Harpes long, slender and irregularly original) truncate, + type Cecids Aa Dryomyia Kieff. 1897 Kieffer, J. J. Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Ato. p17 1910 Riibsaamen, E. H. Zeitsch. Wissenschait. Insektenbiol., 15 :337 tort. Pelt; ‘Ea P: Ne Ys Ent y Soc. Jour) 19-44 It is relatively easy to separate this genus from other genera of the Dasyneuriariae by the triarticulate palpi and the 18 to 20 anten- nal segments, in connection with the normal male genitalia. The type species is D. circinans Giraud. The male has 20 antennal segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half greater than its diameter. The palpi are triatticulate and the claws long and slender. Basal clasp segment stout, the terminal clasp segment stout, tapering; dorsal plate short, broad, triangularly emarginate, the lobes diverging, trun- cate; ventral plate long, divided, the lobes long, tapering, setose. The female has 20 sessile antennal segments, the fifth with a length REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q13 199 thrice its diameter. The ovipositor is probably as long as the body. This species produces a woolly, brownish, spheroid gall on Quercus leaves, resembling somewhat a Caryomyia gall on hickory. The above is drafted from microscopical preparations prepared by Pro- fessor Rubsaamen and in the Natural History Museum at Berlin. One American species is known. Dryomyia folliculi Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 348 (as Dasyneura) 1909 ——————-_ Ottawa Nat., 22:247 (as Dasyneura) This species was reared July 26, 1907 from a loose pod composed of the adherent terminal leaves of Solidago canadensis containing a number of Cecidomyiid larvae. This gall was taken by Mr L. H. Joutel at Jamesburgh, N. J., July 15, 1907. The pupa, before the adult emerges, escapes from the cocoon, leaving the exuviae lying beside the latter. Gall. The gall made by this species is a loose, slightly swollen pod composed of the adherent terminal leaves of Solidago canadensis. It contains a number of yellowish larvae. Cocoon. The cocoon is about 1.5 mm long, .75 mm in diameter and whitish. Bemate, Weneth 1.25 “mm. Antennae apparently extending to the third abdominal segment, sparsely haired, reddish brown; 15 segments, the first broadly ob- conic, the second flattened bas- ally, subhemispheric, the third and fourth narrowly fused, the fifth subsessile, with a length nearly three times its diameter, a sparse subbasal whorl of short, curved setae and a broad sub- apical band of longer, rather stout setae; terminal segment evidently composed of two rather closely fused segments, the divi- sion being nearer the distal third. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, irregular, the sec-: ond irregularly oval, stout, the third slender, greatly produced, being three times the length of the second. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum fuscous orange, postscutellum darker. Abdomen dark red, the incisures and pleurae deep carmine. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown, sub- costa uniting therewith at the basal third, the third vein well be- Fig. 27 Dryomyia folli- culi, fifth antennal segment of female (enlarged, original) 200 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM fore the apex, the fifth joining the posterior margin-at the distal third, its branch at the basal third. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Coxae and base of femora pale yellowish, the distal portion of femora and tibiae dark brown; tarsi apparently yellowish, the distal segments variably tinged with carmine. Claws rather long, stout, slightly curved, with a long, slender tooth basally; pulvilli longer than the claws.. Ovipositor nearly as long as the abdomen, the terminal lobes long, narrowly oval. Type Cecid. aI58r. Fig. 28 Dryomyia folliculi, tip of ovipositor (enlarged, original) Cystiphora Kieff. 1892 Kieffer, J. J. Wien Ent. Zeit., 11 :212-14 1895 —————— Wien Ent. Zeit., 14:8-9 1897 —————— Syn. Cecid. de Eur. & Alg., p. 18 1910 Ribsaamen, E. H. Zeitsch. Wissenschaft. Insektenbiol., 15 :337 1911 Belt. EB. BP: N.#Y, Ent: Soe. Jour, 0-44 This genus may be recognized by the 13 or 14 antennal segments, there being a distinct tendency toward reduction and fusion with the preceding in the case of the fourteenth segment. The male antennae have the stem fully as long as the basal enlargement, which latter is cylindric and presents much the same characters as obtained in Rhabdophaga. The female antennal segments are cylindric, sessile or subsessile and approach those of the female Rhabdophaga. The palpi are triarticulate. The wings are small, with the third vein nearly straight and uniting with the anterior margin distinctly before the apex, the general appearance of these organs being very close to that of Dasyneura, though the third vein is not quite so heavy. The claws are minutely unidentate in both sexes. The male genitalia present strong affinities with those of Rhabdophaga. The ovipositor is unique, having a broad, stout, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 201 retractile portion and a much more slender, presumably chitinized apical part. This genus presents greater affinities with the Dasyneura group than with the Asphondylid group, and we have consequently in- cluded it in the former, despite the peculiar structure of the female ovipositor. This latter organ differs, we believe, widely from that of the typical Asphondylia, and as the antennae present no homol- ogies therewith, we seeno other alternative than to make the change. mype C. pilosellae Kieff. Cystiphora viburnifolia Felt mot ele EH. P. Econ: Ent. Jour, 4:480-81 Only one female was reared May 5, 1909, from an inconspicuous elevation on the underside of the leaf of a hobblebush, Viburnum ? lentago, taken by Miss Cora H. Clarke at Magnolia, Mass., the », preceding fall. This gall appears to be very common about Albany, N. Y: The small yellowish midge presents a close, superficial resemblance to Sackenomyia viburnifolia Felt, though it may be easily sepa- rated therefrom by the distinctly uni- dentate claws. The structure of the ovipositor does not agree exactly with that of the European Cystiphora and the species is therefore provisionally ‘ i Fig. 29 Cystiphora referred to this genus subject to fur- viburnifolia, tip of ab- ther study. domen (enlarged, original) Gall. This is a minute, scarcely noticeable elevation, the larvae evidently lying between the upper and lower epidermis and produc- ing a very slight swelling. (PI. 8, fig. 3.) Larva. Length 1.5 mm, whitish. Head small. Antennae rather long, tapering; breastbone, stout, bidentate, becoming obsolescent posteriorly. Skin coarsely shagreened; posterior extremity broadly rounded. Cystiphora canadensis Felt 1913 Felt, BP. Canad, Fnt.,. 40-417 1914 Cosens, A. Canad. Ent., 41:180. This midge was reared from a blister leaf gall on white lettuce Bor rattlesnake root, Prenanthes altissima or P. alba. 202 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Rhizomyia Kieff. 1897 Kieffer, J. J. Syn. Cecid. Eur. & Alg., p. 56-57 1899 Riibsaamen, E. H. Biolog. Centralbl., 19:534 (Coccomorpha) 1904 Kieffer, J. J. Soc. Sci. Brux. Ann., v. 28, pt 2 Separate, p. 7 1910 Riibsaamen, E. H. Zeitschr. Wissenschaftl. Insektenbiol, 6 :200-02 i9tt Felt, -E..P. W. ¥. Ent. Soc: jout.,.10-44 This genus is easily distinguished from all other Dasyneuriariae by the triarticulate palpi and the 12 antennal segments, those of the female subsessile, while in the male the stem is nearly as long as the basal enlargement. The terminal clasp segment of the male is very long, slender, and the ovipositor short and lobed. The type of this genus is Ro sper pile sca haem. A number of American species, closely allied to, if not cogeneric with, the European forms, have been tentatively referred to this genus. It is. possible that further studies will warrant the placing of our American species in a separate genus. Two of the European species have been reared from the leaf sheath and roots of sedge, while our American species were obtained from jars containing various characteristic galls. The conditions were such as to lead us to suspect that the rearings were accidental. : The peculiar larva of R. circumspinosa Rubs. is oval, flattened and resembles a Coccid, hence its generic designation of Coccomorpha. This larva was found under the sheath of Carex leaves, while that of R. perplexa Kieff. occurred upon the roots of a sedge. Key to species Males a Stem of fifth antennal segment one-quarter longer than the basal en- largement b Abdomen light yellowish or yellowish orange; tibiae fuscous straw, tarsi dark brown or black, basal enlargement of fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter, the ventral plate roundly emarginate, the dorsal plate short, deeply and narrowly emargin- ate. ‘* Reared) from (rolled, ash. leaves -..0.. 24 <. ose See eee fraxinitolia “Pelt, Gy ama bb Abdomen fuscous yellowish, the segments margined posteriorly with dark brown, basal enlargement of fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter, the ventral plate very deeply and TFOUNdLy emmareinale so eo eee cincta an, sp. Co 7228 bbb Abdomen pale orange, basal enlargement of fifth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter, the ventral plate broadly and roundly emarginate, the dorsal plate very short, deeply and roundly emaraitiate: 5.223) Seale ungeulata “Helt, GCG. hrzzs REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 203 bbbb Abdomen dark yellowish fuscous, basal enlargement of fifth anten- nal segment with a length twice its diameter, the ventral plate roundly emarginate, the dorsal plate long, broad and roundly CAINS Fc old ALS Lieder ees Wiaih a dave ae cerasi Felt, C243 bbbbb Abdomen pale brown, the basal enlargement of the fifth antennal segment with a length three times its diameter, the ventral plate slightly emarginate, the dorsal plate triangularly emarginate...... hispida Felt, C. 519 aa Stem of fifth antennal segment as long as the basal enlargement b Abdomen yellowish brown, the basal enlargement of the fifth anten- nal segment with a length twice its diameter, the ventral plate roddly emiareitiates. Gf seca. Coton ke ote vitis Felt, C. a1165a bb Abdomen reddish yellow, tibiae and tarsi dark brown, the basal enlargement of the fifth antennal segment with a length two and one-half times its diameter, the ventral plate roundly and the dorsal plate thianeulariy emareinates< co. Lc, «dascssesie ade sees abs obrimna Felts €. ar5s5x Females « Abdomen pale yellowish, fifth antennal segment with a length about three times its diameter, the lobes of the ovipositor broadly rounded REAL Pe. Sete cate. kes v2. oso Dina Melt. ©. ar5s55x, alsis, al570 aa Abdomen reddish yellow, the fifth antennal segment with a length three times its diameter, the lobes of the ovipositor subtriangular.......... hawt Beli. .ai570a aaa Abdomen light fuscous yellowish, fifth antennal segment with a length about two and one-half times its diameter, with the lobes of the evipositor .broadly ovate.../.... + «. vitis Felt, C. azr165a, arI568b Rhizomyia fraxinifolia Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. New species Cecidomyiidae II, p. 8 (Arnoldia) 1908 ——————._ NN. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 280, 384 (Arnoldia) This light yellowish species was reared July 25, 1907 from a jar containing leaves of ash, Fraxinus, badly rolled by small, whitish larvae and collected by Mr L. H. Joutel at Newfoundland, N. J. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, yellowish basally; 12 segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the basal enlargement, which latter has a length nearly twice its diameter. Palpi; the first segment subquadrate, the second more than twice the length of the first, more slender, the third a little longer and more slender than the second. Face fus- cous yellowish. Mesonotum light brown, the submedian lines in- distinct. Scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen a nearly uniform light yellowish or yellowish orange, the last sparsely fuscous haired dorsally. Genitalia light fuscous. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish basally, light fuscous apically. Coxae 204. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM and femora pale yellowish; tibiae light fuscous straw; tarsi dark brown, almost black; claws long, slender, strongly curved, the pul- villi shorter than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout ; terminal clasp segment long, stout at base; dorsal plate short, stout, deeply and triangularly emarginate; ventral plate long, stout, broadly and roundly emarginate. Vype Cecid. a1572a. Rhizomyia cincta n. sp. This fuscous yellowish species was taken on Cornus, probably C,'stolonite fa’ at Albany, N> Yo ily. 40,1606. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown; 12 segments, the fifth with a stem one-quarter longer than the basal enlargement, which latter has a length twice its diameter; terminal segment produced, with a length four times its diameter, tapering distally. Palpi; first segment broadly oval, the second slender, with a length four times its diam- eter, the third one-half longer, slender. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum yellowish, reddish apically, postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen dark fuscous yellowish, the basal segment dark brown, the others margined posteriorly with dark brown and thickly clothed with fuscous hairs, the venter yellowish; genitalia brownish yellow.. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. MHalteres pale yellowish. Coxae and femora basally yellowish, the remainder of the legs mostly dark brown; claws long, strongly curved, slender, the pulvilli much shorter than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, truncate; terminal clasp segment long, slender; dorsal plate short, deeply and triangu- larly emarginate; ventral plate long, broad, deeply and roundly emarginate; harpes long, slender. Type Cecid. 722. Rhizomyia ungulata Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. New Species Cecidomyiidae II, p. 9 (Arnoldia) 1908 ——_———__ NN. Y.. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 290, 340 (Arnoldia) This pale orange midge was taken at Albany, N. Y., July 6, 1907. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, thickly haired, light brown, yellowish basally; 12 segments, the fifth with a stem about one-quarter the length of the basal enlarge- ment, which latter has a length one-half greater than its diameter ; terminal segment produced, subcylindric, subacute. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, the second irregularly subquadrate, the third long, stout, with a length about thrice its diameter. Face pale yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the orange, submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum pale reddish, postscutellum pale orange. Abdomen sparsely haired, pale orange. Genitalia slightly fuscous. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. MHalteres yellowish REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 205 basally, fuscous apically. Legs a variable fuscous straw, the tarsi slightly darker; claws very long, slender, strongly curved near the base, the pulvilli shorter than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout; terminal clasp segment long, stout; dorsal plate very short, broadly and roundly emarginate ; ventral plate long, the sides parallel, slightly constricted near the basal third and expanded subapically, broadly and roundly emarginate. Type ecid. 1221. Rhizomyia cerasi Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 110, p. 114 (Dasyneura) 1908 —_—_—— _N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 340 (Arnoldia) This fuscous species was taken presumably on black cherry, mcunus serotina, at, Albany, N. Y., June 21, 1906. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae probably one-half longer than the body, thickly setose, dark brown, yellowish basally; 12 seg- ments, the fifth with a stem one-quarter longer than the basal en- largement, which latter has a length twice its diameter. Palpi; the first segment swollen, subquadrate, the second and third sub- equal, each fully twice the length of the first. Face fuscous yellow- ish. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian iines pale yellowish and sparsely setose. Scutellum pale yellowish, sparsely setose apically, postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen dark fuscous yellowish, lighter basally, sparsely clothed with pale yellowish hairs. Wings hyaline. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs pale straw, tarsi darker. Genitalia; basal clasp segment stout, a conspicuous internal tooth at the basal third; terminal clasp segment swollen basally, long, slender; dorsal plate long, broadly and slightly emar- ginate; ventral plate long, broadly Y-shaped. Type Cecid. 343. Rhizomyia hispida Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. New Species Cecidomyiidae II, p. 9 (Arnoldia) 1908 —————_—_ N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 200, 340 (Arnoldia) This pale brown midge was taken on Cornus, probably C. stol- Pottera, at Albany, N.' Y.,- July 6, 1906. Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae longer than the body, thickly haired, dark brown, fuscous basally; 12 segments, the fifth with a stem one-quarter longer than the basal enlargement, which latter has a length thrice its diameter; terminal segment produced, sub- cylindric, obtuse. Palpi; the first segment short, subquadrate, the second twice the length of the first, irregular, the third a little longer and more slender than the second. Mesonotum dark brown, submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum yellowish orange, post- scutellum yellowish. Abdomen pale brown, thickly setose. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. MHalteres yellowish basally, whitish apically. Coxae, femora and tibiae mostly pale yellowish, tarsi 206 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM light brown, the terminal segments darker; claws long, slender, strongly curved. Genitalia; basal and terminal clasp segments stout ; dorsal plate broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate ; ven- tral plate broad, long, slightly emarginate. Type Cecid. 5109. Rhizomyia vitis Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. New Species Cecidomyiidae II, p. 9-10 (Arnoldia) i908 —__—_-——— N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124; p.) 200-01, 341 0( Arnoldi) This species was reared at Albany, N. Y., July 13, 1907 from a jar containing the familiar tumid gall of Lastoptera witas O. S. on grape, Vitis species. It was also obtained from a jar in which were adherent leaf galls on Solidago inhabited by Camp- toneuromyia adhesa Felt and Asphondylia mon- AM sitet: ORES Male. Length 1 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, fuscous yellowish, yellowish basally; 12 segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the basal enlargement, which latter has a length twice its diameter; terminal segment produced, taper- ing, narrowly rounded. Palpi; the first segment long, subquadrate, the second stouter, narrowly oval, the third one-half longer than the second, more slender. Mesonotum and dorsum of abdomen yellowish brown. Scutellum, postscutellum, parities and incisures pale yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. MHalteres yel- lowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs yellowish basally, dark brown distally; claws long, slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli shorter than the claws. Genitalia; basal and terminal clasp segments stout ; dorsal plate long, narrow, broadly and roundly emarginate; ventral plate short, stout, narrowly rounded. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the third ab- dominal segment, rather thickly haired, dark brown, yellowish basally; 12 segments, the fifth subsessile, cylindric, with a length two and one-half times its diameter; terminal segment produced, narrowly rounded. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum and postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen light fuscous yellowish, the incisures, pleurae and venter pale yellow- ish. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes broadly oval, otherwise nearly as in the male. Type Cecid. ar165a. Rhizomyia absobrina Felt 1907 Felt, E. P. New Species Cecidomyiidae II, p. 8 (Arnoldia) F908 ———_——— N.Y. State Mus: Bul: 124; p. 280, 340: (Arnoldia) This species was reared at Albany, N. Y., July 11th and 26th, 1906 from a jar containing Crataegus leaves bearing green, sub- REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI13 207 cylindric, fimbriate, unicellular galls. Apparently the same form was obtained from a jar containing subglobular poplar leaf galls, and from another stocked with distorted cherries, produced by Dasyneura virginiana Felt. It is possibly an inquiline. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, dark brown; 12 segments, the fifth with a stem as long as the basal enlargement, which latter has a length two and one- half times its diameter ; terminal segment produced, tapering, obtuse. Palpi; the first segment short, stout, subquadrate, the second twice the length of the first, more slender, the third one-half longer than the second, expanded. Head, mes- Fig. 30 Rhizomyia onotum, abdomen, coxae and pleurae all @bsobrina, fifth an- reddish yellow, the mesonotum with sub- tennal segment of female lateral, slightly brownish areas, the ab- (enlarged, original) domen sparsely clothed dorsally with dark hairs. Wings hyaline, costa dark brown. Halteres yellowish transparent, fuscous sub- apically. Legs with the coxae and femora pale yellowish, the latter darker distally; tibiae and tarsi dark brown; claws long, slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli shorter than the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, stout ; terminal clasp segment long, stout at base; dorsal plate short, broad, deeply and triangularly incised; ventral plate long, broadly and roundly emarginate. | Female. Length 1 mm. Anten- nae extending to the third abdom- inal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, yellowish basally; 12 seg- ments, the fifth subsessile, cylindric, with a length thrice its diameter ; Bee etal viola bain bse terminal segment produced, nar- Bey ae er atdonient showing Lou rounded. Palpi probably Bee eign ealacacd cacipinal) triarticulate. Face yellowish. Mes- onotum dark brown, the sub- median lines sparsely haired. Scutellum pale orange, post- scutellum pale yellowish. Abdomen rather thickly clothed with fuscous hairs, pale yellowish. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes short, stout, broadly rounded, otherwise nearly as in the male Type Cecid. a1555x. 208 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Rhizomyia hirta Felt 1911 Felt, E. P. Econ. Ent. Jour., 4:478 This species was reared August 17, 1907 from a jar contain- ing numerous reddish, blisterlike leaf mines on Crataegus col- ., lected “at Bath, (Nera + July 9. This gall is pre- sumably made by La s$i- OptetTia | escca sans though this habit is ab- normal for the genus. The light fuscous yel- lowish female may be distinguished by the fifth antennal segment having a length two and one- half times its diameter and by the broadly ovate lobes of the ovipositor. Bist 22). D sia pth omouniveta arte- misiae,-a male palpus, b side view of claw (enlarged, original) Larva. Length 2 mm, rather stout, pale yellowish. Head rather broad; antennae short, stout; breastbone slightly expanded apically, obtusely bidentate, subobsolete posteriorly. Skin smooth, posterior extremity broadly rounded, with sublateral, irregular groups of papillae. The larva is doubtfully referred to this species. Ctenodactylomyia Felt, MS This peculiar genus is easily distinguished from Rhizomyia by the larger number of antennal segments and, in particular, by the pectinate claws. The one known species, C. watsoni Felt, MS was reared from circular blister-like leaf galls on Coccolobis floradan a’, Diarthronomyia Felt 1908: e.elt, i. P.' No)YocState! Mus: Bal’ 124,..p7.336 1910 Riibsaamen, E. H. Zeitschr. Wissenschaftl. Insektenbiol, 15 :337 1OrL Pelt, «=. P. N.Y. Ent. Soc: Jour, 19245 This genus presents a general resemblance to Rhopalomyia in its biarticulate palpi and the great similarity in the structure of the male genitalia. The minutely unidentate claws associate it with Rhabdophaga and its allies. The type species is D. artemisiae Felt. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q13 209 Diarthronomyia californica Felt 1912 Felt, E. P. Pomona Coll. Jour. Ent., 4:752 The midge was reared from subconic leaf galls on Artemisia californica, Claremont, Cal. Diarthronomyia artemisiae Felt 1908 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 124, p. 339-40 The species described below was reared June 16, 1883 from galls eisaee bush, Artemisia tridentata, collected by Law- rence Bruner at Fort Garland, Col. This species approaches Rhopalomyia tridentatae Rubs. though it differs there- from in the greater number of antennal segments, the longer stems Fig. 33 Diarthronomyia artemisiae, fifth antennal segment, male (enlarged, original) in the male flagellate segments and in the absence of what might be termed three whorls of hairs. There appears to be no description of the gall. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, yellowish brown; 18 segments, the fifth with a stem about three-quarters the length of the subcylindric basal enlarge- ment, which latter has a length twice its diameter; terminal seg- ment greatly produced, with a length about four times its diameter, narrowly rounded apically. Palpi; first segment prolonged, swollen distally, with a length twice its diameter, the second short, stout, narrowly rounded apically. Mesonotum dark reddish brown, the 210 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum reddish brown: post- scutellum darker. Abdomen sparsely haired, reddish brown. Wings hyaline, costa pale yellowish, subcosta uniting with the an- terior margin near the basal half, the nearly straight third vein at the apex, the fifth, indistinct distally, at the distal fourth, its branch near the basal half. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs a variable light straw, lighter distally; claws long, stout, strongly curved, wnidentate, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment long, broad; terminal clasp segment short, stout, swollen near the basal third, apically with a heavy tooth; dorsal plate short, broad, deeply and triangularly incised, the lobes broadly rounded; ventral plate long, Fig. 34 Diarthronomyia narrow, deeply and narrowly in- artemisiae, fifth antennal cised. Harpes short, stout, taper- segment of female (enlarged, ing, truncate. original ) Female. Length 3 mm. An- tennae extending to the third ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, pale yellowish; probably 18 seg- ments, the fifth with a stem one-third the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length fully two and one- half times its diameter. Palpi; first segment stout, swollen distally, the second a little longer, narrowly oval. Color characters as in the male. Type Cecid. 989. Coccidomyia Felt Tort Melt EP. ON, Y. Ent. Socs Jour: 10:45 This genus was erected for a unique species evidently bred from young Lecanium scales. .It may be separated from all other Iton- ididae known to us by the 12 antennal segments, those of the male being stemmed, in connection with the two palpal segments, the second being minute. The claws are toothed and the third vein unites with the margin at or very near the apex. Type C. pennsylvanica Felt. : Coccidomyia pennsylvanica Felt TOME elt, 4H Pele N Ove Kntssoe, lori, ahoR4s This interesting form was received from Mr W. S. Fisher of Highspire, Pa., through the United States Bureau of Entomology and sent by Mr Fisher under date of May 8th. The sole material REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 2I1 received at that time consisted of a beech leaf, probably Fagus grandifolia, the under side of which was apparently rather thickly infested with young Lecanium scales and the upper side sparingly so. Dipterous exuviae were projecting from under the scales. Later additional material was received from which satis- factory microscopic preparations were made. Fig.35 Coccidomyia pennsylvanica, fifth antennal segment, a male, b female; palpus, c male, d female (enlarged, original) Coccidomyia erii Felt ri2 Felt, E. P. N. Y. Ent. Soc: Jout., 20:147 The midges were reared by P. H. Timberlake from Artemisia Salifornica- infested by Erium lichtensioides col- lected in Ventura county, Cal. Big, 26° Corctiacomyig penmnsyiva= nica, tip of abdomen showing ovipositor (enlarged, original) 212 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Procystiphora n. g. The genus has the general appearance of Rhabdophaga and is most easily separated therefrom by the apical chitinized blade of the long ovipositor and the simple or nearly simple claws of this sex. The claws of the male are weakly dentate and the harpes only slightly chitinized. This form approaches Cystiphora in the reduced teeth of the claws and the chitinized apex of the ovipositor, though it is easily distinguished from this genus by the quadriarticulate palpi and the larger number of antennal segments. Type P. color- ade 1-5 1S), 1sp. Procystiphora coloradensis n. sp. Described from two males and one female collected by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell at Long’s Peak Inn, Colorado, in the Canadian Zone, July 21, 1914 and thought by him to have possibly come from Carex, though the appearance of the midge suggests to the writer that it may be an inhabitant of willow. Male. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, dark brown: 18 segments, the fifth with a stem one- fourth longer than the basal enlargement, which latter has a length three-fourths greater than its diameter, a moderately thick subbasal whorl of short, stout setae and a thick subapical band of longer setae; low circumfili occur at the basal third and apically ; terminal segment broadly oval, with a length about one-fourth greater than its diameter, the apex broadly rounded. Palpi; first segment irregu- lar, subquadrate, the second with a length two and one-half times its diameter, the third a little longer than the second, slender, the fourth one-fourth longer than the third. Mesonotum shining dark brown. Scutellum dark yellowish brown, postscutellum fuscous vellowish. Abdomen a variable dark reddish brown. Wings hyaline, costa fuscous straw, the third vein uniting with the margin at the apex of the wing, the fifth forked. Halteres fuscous yellow- ish, darker apically. Coxae and legs a variable yellowish brown, the claws minutely dentate, pulvilli distinctly longer than the claws. Genitalia: basal clasp segment long, rather slender; terminal clasp segment long, stout, with a distinct apical spur; dorsal plate long, broad, divided, the lobes long and narrowly rounded; ventral plate long, broad, deeply and roundly emarginate, the lobes narrow; harpes moderately long, expanded, roundly truncate and slightly chitinized apically; style short, swollen basally, broadly rounded apically. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI3 213 Female. Length 2mm. Antennae missing. Palpi; first segment quadrate, the second with a length over twice its diameter, the third as long as the second, more slender, the fourth one-third longer than the third, fusiform. ‘Abdomen fuscous yellowish; claws ap- parently simple or very minutely dentate, the pulvilli longer than the claws; ovipositor stout, as long as the body, the seventh abdom- inal segment somewhat swollen and thus suggestive of Cystiphora, the apex of the ovipositor strongly chitinized, blade-like and tapering fai acute apex. Type Cecid. a2573. An”. J j icy " ; Sve wpb, AN © aan eee iene gern: sa ‘ieee eae chal penis iy ' +, ee be he vse! a coy aye Aine” eh eine cepa train jeunrbegi ve A ‘ cf] ‘ les, -9 { bd q ¥ AS: ’ 4 ey , y ol ca ays ’ he 4 sia oe oe hie ig 4 so f *h r t ety ae a a oF J ty Bid a MET} tik Mardi Tie Ws “he ova ey bens ie pu! at Nua vee Pak BAU Vi Ma EE yee} Day be My) aca Lae ‘ ( a 7. Som ‘ 2 ve i 'yS »* is 7 ‘ : ais ; erty) i ha bhi} ah ae? a al in 5 ; ya an : ae Tek tek eae wh et kal ay TN peels ug ' z a+ , LE to iv tA . “4s ca § ¢7. 7 a ¥ ie ae a” f' J a oak ha 4 : net ee : * ae at ye. ' Vuh ; Fis ta , ian oh iy. ay i | 1 r ef ; y oer 4 d 1 L. < J at, ; ee Pa ee deity Pa ne py bs t Aare 1 eA A Heal we oom ib Tht tae CIAT Phird od 7 : p y e M ent Oi Pay! thee ae ie: : . >» - t F oy * 4 * ¥ 4) ' c= Zo pt PTF) ie ats i? * ’ = y ' hd E wy Fs a a ‘ 1 th Wa VER es St ae = ae - r * > te ) @ Pp ‘" pin Sg ier ietines CM ated ci -) i a” 4 7 wns J Ph | 5 ‘ " * Hgarus rhe ag ey ; he nei . ¥ } ‘ ‘ { a *~ is C2 ee % 4 j ; hay y s oh 3 ] “si i ? i \ ¥ 4 ‘ Cae | Cs J ce. J "er = ¢ 4 en ‘ Wt ¥ i Cry he ‘ * bd 4 | " ; ‘ ut al Y i = j " 4 2 U i ¥ Uy , es De Racca? P| te } r ais Sie a ey Was SP eer re , > - rr $ ‘a t ve i ai ha ay | 4 ZAG se i " i i ; we, ' RT r ~*~ ! i Mt ace AL tet) Us e ie adete Po 3 x a ay me i vecatt es « p i. y - is { Ea vr a | y A wud ead 7 aN ee bf pve hag Be nets Th eel: a) eh ye , ae fs an cy i v tage oe i ne Va of ; Ve oh , ee ees Me ‘tg *, s BROS) are ly: «Fy arnt Mesa an a heh a pile eh : ma hia ck Fa ay oe or ee’) hy phe ein y. ri 4 =e ? Wat ‘ +. et ee ats F! i ahs : Wits é Pics” ia ten Ate <4 a aes 4 i a) OK 1 tal nm aki Wainy Hig Vie va eae , ’ a uF aly ~ i] i! AY) ." ’ % ‘ Z on ent ae if : Sh Sea Niji cf a my ’ Ai: ey : ss A AR eS hihaah eee Mi \ ‘7 EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE 1 215 i) On CON Il Midge galls Small gall of Rhopalomyia capitata Felt, on golden- rod Galls of _Rhopalomyia racemicola ©, 5) amon goldenrod blossoms Gall of Rhopalomyia anthophila O. S. among gold- enrod blossoms Old gall of the nun midge, Asphondylia monacha ° O. S., on narrow-leaved goldenrod Fusiform gall, Rhopalomyia fusiformis Felt, on leaves and stems of narrow-leaved goldenrod Stemmed fusiform gall, Rhopalomyia pedicellata Felt, among flowers and on leaves of narrow-leaved golden- rod Irregular mine in goldenrod leaf, adult not reared Blister gall of Asteromyia ftlavolunata) Met pe goldenrod Blister gall of Asteromyia rubra Felt on goldenrod | Lower surface of leaf showing the whitish discoloration pro- duced by the gall Small blister galls of Asteromyia flavolunata Felt on solidago Blister gallon Asteromyia rosea Felt on Solidago rugosa Blister gall of Asteromyia laeviana Felt on Aster ee" vdes Lower portion of leaf showing characteristic discoloration on _under surface of the gall Old blister gall of Asteromyia rubra Felt on solidago Blister gall of ASteromyia, paniculata | Felt” oa She tp aii Om bac ss Dark blister leaf gall of Asteromyia rubra Felt on solidago Under surface of infested leaf Blister leaf gall of Asteromyia carbonii era) wee on narrow-leaved solidago Blister gall of Asteromyia on solidago, adult unknown 216 TWENTY NINTH REPORT STATE ENTOMOLOGIST PLATE 1 LH. JOUTEL. MIDGE GALLS 18 10 20 2I Irregular blister gall of Asteromyia on Aster laevis, adult unknown Blister leat oallvol, Asteromyia laeviata’ Felt. on is Leta lade yis Blister leaf gall provisionally identified as that of Aster- omyia rubra Felt, a rather lighter type Gallof Rhopalomyia clarkeae Felt on Solidago rugosa, natural size 21a Same gall, enlarged Sa IO CT PLATE 2 Midge galls Stem of snapdragon, Impatiens fulva, infested with Oecidium impatientis, the latter inhabited by the larvae of Mycodiplosis impatientis Felt The same fungus on leaves Hazel leaf showing a pilose deformity from which was reared Lasioptery =< Corylisrelt Tumid midrib gall on ash from which have been reared Contarinia canadensis Felt, Dasymemmoarc mas idos ae Felt and which has been erroneously identified as the call of ceirdomy tay pe) lice @s- Blister leaf gallof Asteromyia asterifoliae Beutm on aster leaves Tumid vein swellings on soft maple from which has been reared Dasyneura communis Felt Petiole gallon Vitis bicolor, producme Sie hi z oma petiolreola helt Upper surface of Linden leaf showing discoloration produced by the reddish galls of Cécidomyia wertucrveola O. S., adylt unknown Under surface showing the size and globular character of the galls in a highly colored condition. Compare with plate 4, figures 5 and 6 Reddish swellings on under surface of hornbeam (Carpinus) leaves produced by ‘Cecidomyia pudipamdasws ess adult unknown Green bud gall on) Cornus stoloniiera, eadulreun- known Discolored leaf mine inhabited by Lasioptera excavata Felt 11a Under surface of infested leaves We — 3 14 Swollen fruit of wild cherry, Prunus virginiana, from which has been reared Contarinia vVireinianiae Pelt, Parallelodiplosis acertae ae cle Vromimaa canadensis elt Arthrocmodax ait pleas Rhizomyia absobrina Felt and a species of Lesto- diplosis, the last is predaceous and the two preceding at least, probably inquilines Leaves of Virginia creeper or woodbine with the midrib de- formities produced by Dasyneura parthenocissi1 Stebb. Petiole gall on fox grape, Vitis labrusca, produced by Sehiz Om yaa) pet nol co lay Belt 218 TWENTY NINTH REPORT STATE ENTOMOLOGIST PLATE 2 L.H.JSOUTEL. IQ 20 Gall of Cecidomyia species on nettle, Urtica gracilis, adult unknown Gataa, Cecidomyia wrateola .O; S. on Urtiea gracilis, adult unknown Peculiar adherent type of gall, potentially a bud deformation, on solidago from which has been reared both the nun midge, Pepe md y ita monacha O, Sand Camptoneur- Omyia adhesa Felt Gall on leaf stem of Vitis labrusca produced by Schiz- Omyna petrolicola Felt Swelling at base of leaf stalk of wild cherry produced by Cecidomyia species, adult unknown Another type of the same deformity 219 9 PLATE 3 Midge galls Vein gall on the under side of Crataegus leaves, Lobopt- eromyia venae Felt and Dicrodiplosis veni- talis Felt were reared, the latter probably an inquiline. Side view of the same Vein gall on chestnut leaves, adult not reared Seed pods of Diervilla trifida deformed by Asphon- dylie dated 14 ae Pelt Leaf roll on poplar, producer unknown, from which has been reared the predaceous Lestodiplosis populifolia Felt Larger leaf roll on poplar, adult unknown Reddish, globular leaf gall with slit on under surface on poplar, from which the presumably inquiline, Rhizomyia absobrina Felt has been reared, true maker unknown Upper portion of infested leaf Enlargement of the petiole of poplar leaf possibly produced by the insect which makes the gall figured under A Cockscomb gall on Crataegus leaves produced by Hor- Inomyiaycrataccitolian elt Larger, globular leaf gall on poplar, adult not reared ga Under side of same IO LT Typical bud: gall on Diervilla’ tritida produced by Asphondylia dierwillae Globose basal enlargement of poplar leaf, possibly an early stage of the reddish, tumid, irregular gall resembling that _of Lasioptera vitis on grape, producer unknown Inconspicuous vesicular swellings with a small slit on the under surface of poplar leaves, adult unknown Tumid apical gall on black cherry, Cecidomyia sero- tinae® ©.S. adult not ireared Old gall produced by the above named species Vein swelling on Crataegus leaves possibly identical with that figured under 1 ; Folded edge leaf gall on poplar as seen from above, adult not reared Appearance of the same gall from below Cylindric, fimbriate gall on Crataegus from which has been reared Winnertzia hudsonici Felt and Rhiz- omy ia absobrina Felt, the latter at least probably an inquiline PLATE 3 TWENTY NINTH REPORT STATE ENTOMOLOGIST rte es rere ne yer Be A a 2 Sj y et 3 ) x ~ MIDGE GALLS 17 A distinctly smaller, fimbriate, cylindric gall on Crataegus, pos- sibly identical with the preceding, adult not reared 18 Globose galls on poplar leaves from which has been reared Mycodiplosis populifolia Felt, this latter pos- sibly an inquiline ‘9 Ocellate galls on Cornus stolonifera from which has been reared Wa sioptera corn. Felt 221 3a Ita 12 16 17 PLATE 4 Midge galls Variable twig swellings on wild cherry produced by midge larvae working in the subcortical layers, adult not reared Section of such a deformity An older type of gall than that represented in I An old scar in process of healing Leaf gall of Lasioptera farinosa Beutm. on black- berry Early stage of same gall showing reddish discoloration Irregular twig galls of Cecidomyia citrina O.S%., adult not reared Early stage of leaf stem gall on Linden, probably produced by Cecidomyia verrucicola ©. S,, adult unknown Compare with figures 8 and 8a on plate 2 Globular green gall on Linden leaf. See under 5 Bud gall on Spiraea salicifolia produced by Hor- Mom yia el arkea ec Pelt Tubular gall on the under surface of the leaf of Cornus paniculata ~produced by Cecidomyital Gas Stebb., adult unknown Galls along the under side of the midrib of the bitternut hickory produced by Caryomyia caryaecola O. S. Enlarged bud gall on Rudbeckia produced by Asphondylia cons preda Ors: Apical bud gall on solidago produced by Rhopalomyia ba rt ip.e's 1)! 1S: Midrib swelling on Spiraea tomentosa produced by Rhabdophaga salicifolia Pelt Side view of a gall on willow leaf produced by Hormomyia verruca Walsh Cluster of older galls on willow leaf produced by Hor- momyia verruca Walsh Flower bud galls on Eupatorium purpureum pro- duced by Dasyneura purpurea Felt Fringed terminal bud gall on Spiraea salicifolia, adult unknown Leaf of shadbush, Amelanchier canadensis de formed by Hormomyia canadensis Felt 222 TWENTY NINTH REPORT STATE ENTOMOLOGIST PLATE 4 L.H. JOUTEL. MIDGE GALLS 17a Same gall enlarged, showing the appearance of the upper surface of the leaf and a side view of several galls 18 Stem gall on thoroughwort produced by Neolasioptera em ont ata ~ Felt ig Blossom bud gall on white snake root, Eupatorium urticaefolium, from which has been reared Lesto- diplosis eupatorii Felt, true producer unknown 223 al OSS (Sy [ey Tl PLATE 5 Gall midge wings Wing of Rhabdophaga populi Felt, C. 78, x 20 Wine of Rhabdophaga aceritolia Melt, G36, ee Wing of Rhabdophaga consobrina Felt, C! 30, x 20 Wing of Rhabdophaga batatas Walsh, C. a686, x 20 Wing of R. batatas Walsh, female, x 20 224 SOUIM ISPIW Te & PLATE 6 225 o ir B® WH H On Gall midge wings Wing of Dasymeure triiolit Loew, Cy 7425.26 Wing of Dasynetura photophila Felt, Cri9z3Zo Wine ‘ot Dusy nieura une aie Va helt, (CARs Wing of Dasyneura bidentata Melt, © 34455 26 Wing of-Lastoptéeryx filavotibialis Felt © ame x ZO Wing of Diarthromomy ta artemis aide el iC mmoe, Seliuls 226 Plate 6 Gall midge wings Oil Lh a pT sa: tee PLATE 7 227 Gall midge genitalia Genitalia of Dasyneura quercina Felt, C. 47, x 260 Genitalia of Rhabdophaga populi Felt, C. 78X, x 260 Genitalia of Rhabdophaga batatas Walsh, C. artoz, x 260 Genitalia of Rhabdophaga consobrina Felt, C. 39. x 260 228 ia genital ge i Gall m s vinawe: if Vs Pee Ot Th Pee eo ee af hn el DLN Vint Gata OF Ma en Oo ane . my Way a, : ay i Ha ¥ d ( / f “a - r ~~ ’ hy : 5 ‘ 5 . a ‘" ¥ i ‘ . ' ’ i P ~ * ¥ 4 . ’ F 7 2 R : + y : ' Et 3 - . ' 1 a 2 - ; 3 ‘ ; ; t : - ~ « ae ° ' ' ; i + = as . Py ih ; be r x f * = 2 i “ . , 4 < we " ¢ - . ti _ « = ~* = ‘ fi PLATE 8 229 4 i 7 -» Oe - Midge galls A twig swelling on Salix provisionally referred to Rhabdo- phaga nodula Walsh Twig swelling on Salix provisionally referred to the genus Rhab- dophaga, adult unknown Gall of Cystiphora vaburnotiotia Pelt one Vi coma nium dentatum.’ Phote by Miss Cora He Clarke Gall of Dasyneura gleditschiae Felt on honey locust. Photo by Miss Cora H. Clarke 230 a s][@s ISprlyy I 8 91eId ’ ‘ r ' ‘a i \ . eH = \ : ) ian’ N we | # ‘ oN i‘ Y ; r 4 ~ cell PLATE 9 231 Midge galls Leaf galls of Dasyneurarsaliciiolia. Veltven pane 232 BELOFIANLRS CAMAUKS AE 1O Ses 6 91e[d bs PLATE 10 233 Midge galls 1 Bud galls produced by Dasyneura lysimachiae Beutm. - on loose strife 2 Adherent type of gall on solidago from which has been reared Camptoneuromyia adhesa Felt and Asphondy- lia “Mm omacimarO.,.3: 234 Plate 10 Midge galls ee nS co tate ts F be vr PLATE 11 235 = Midge galls Galls of Rhabdophaga rosacea Felt on wild rose 236 Plate 11 Galls or skola bdo p Maia ino siaicea ie Pe es PLATE 12 237 Midge galls 1 Typical deformities on willow twigs produced by Rhabdo- phaga nodula Walsh, though the coalescing of several is somewhat uncommon 2 Apparently the same gall as the above, except that the bark covering the deformity is cracked in an unusual manner 238 EM POwW Bs Cw GO) E12 We Xp KO Aye’) ZL 33Pld : - . i Ny ( i ~ m es i i 2 1 i, ~ : ; . ® ¥ i © us 4 : ' a 7 i . ie a ta ‘ * , - ‘ - x - c F Je _ } i bal - / “ 7 2 , ; ve PLATE 13 M 7 { = : . r : aye eM 239 >. < _ or rh a J ‘ j ' . ; ‘ - fn ¥ < ie é A ‘* b i iA D Be yy a ! a . i “4 me) "4 ; ee = fe on et. aw 7 » X oy 4 ‘ ; a ‘ ¥ zy . 2 . * . os . ‘ hal ‘ ae rel wv is A ; Y- y a ‘ ‘a Ne / J Pia ’ \ 3 4 t * a - at Ae } . ' § r Pf ioe my j 4 ' oT * ‘oe : rk Ge de ili Nek haere | ee -s rer) TAA . Pe Midge galls 1 A rather stout type of gall on Salix produced by Rhabdo- phaga triticoides Walsh IN? 2 The more usual type of R. triticoides Walsh gall with a few leaves attached to the stem 240 Plate 13 Midge galls . a, 7 en mith iu ‘ q ’ ; of iy ad ‘ ) = y i i : « . " ‘s » he Pir tore f ‘” i i o ‘ r re - ar). * a Ce thse | Pieces) 2 Te cae ‘tree hg aN f i eos af : yw Ji _ PLATE 14 241 Ty Midge galls I Typical deformity on Salix twigs produced by Rhabdo- phaga tritieordes Walsh 2 Early, leaiy stage’ot the R.arrticoides gall 242 a ee ee ee “syfe8 oSpry VI 93eIq PLATE 15 243 to Twig badly infested by San José scale and showing the numer- ous irregularly circular exit holes of parasites, x 4 Lobe of Cactus showing exudations from wounds caused by the larvae of the Cactus midge, Itonida opuntiae Felt Plate 15 Ny San José scale parasites and Cactus midge work PLATE 16 245 : Clusters of grapes injured by the banded grape bug, Para- CalOCe his Sent p elrscay 246 Plate 16 Grapes injured by plant bug INDEX abdominalis, Aulacus, 29 anthici, Itonida, 69 aberrata, Dasyneura, 123, 157 Aphelinus fuscipennis, 55 Abies sp., 136 aphidivora, Itonida, 68 abietinus, Mindarus, 48, 64 Aphids, 70 abietis, Chermes, 48, 59 apicata, Dasyneura, I2I, 152 absobrina, Rhabdophaga, 87, 108 Apple tent caterpillar, 5, 10, 49—-50, 69, Rhizomyia, 203, 206 70 Acarina, additions to collection, 78 Apple tree, injurious insects: Acer rubrum, 181 codling moth, 13 saccharinum, 93 red bug, 6 acericola, Phenacoccus, 8, 590 Talse; 51 Pulvinaria, 48 San José scale, 54 acerifolia, Dasyneura, 124, 125, 159 aprilis, Itonida, 68 Rhabdophaga, 85, 99 Arbor vitae leaf miner, 22 aceris, Rhabdophaga, 83, 85, 93 Argyresthia thuiella, 22 Winnertzia, 71 arizonensis, Lasiopteryx, I90, 195 Acorn, galls on, 137 Arnoldia, 80, 196 Adalia bipunctata, 53, 68 gemmarum, 196 Additions to collections, 72-78 aromaticae, Dasyneura, 129, 183 adhesa, Camptoneuromyia, 206 Arsenate of lead, 50 affinis, Leucospis, 66 Artemisia californica, 200, 2II Agrilus bilineatus, 9 tridentata, 209 Agrostis saucia, 56 artemisiae, Diarthronomyia, 208, 209 vulgaris, 135 Ash, galls on, 133, 146, 152, 203 albpennis, Bibio, 66 Asphondylia conspicua, 71 albohirta, Dasyneura, 124, 159 monacha, 206 albovittata, Dasyneura, 126, 127, 128, | Asphondyliariae, 79 179 Aspidiotus osborni, 48 Alders, galls on, 187 perniciosus, 53 alnicola, Polygnotus, 187 Aster, galls on, 134, 158 Polymecus, 187 Asteromyia carbonifera, 132 Alnus crispa, 187 Astrodiplosis, 71 Ambrosia beetle, pitted, 9, 36 speciosa, 7I americana, Dasyneura, 126, 168 attenuata, Dasyneura, 129, 184 Malacosoma, 49, 69 augusta, Dasyneura, 125, 165 ampelophila, Dasyneura, I19, 140 Aulacus abdominalis, 29 Anagrus spiritus, 187 aurihirta, Dasyneura, 118, 137 ananassi, Thecodiplosis, 68 Azalea, rhododendron clear-wing in- Anatis ocellata, 64 juring, 21 anemone, Dasyneura, 118, I2I, 139 Azalea leaf skeletonizer, 21 Anemone canadense, 139 azaleae, Gracilaria, 21 Anopedias error, 176 antennata, Dasyneura, 124, 160 Baccha fascipennis, 59 Dicrodiplosis, 68 Balsam plant louse, 48 247 248 banburyana, Opuntia, 39 Banded grape bug, 6, 41 Barcurol solution, 33 Bark beetles, 9 batatas, Rhabdophaga, 86, 87, 92, 105 Batrachedra rileyi, 16 Beach-pea, galls on, 149 Bedstraw, bud galls on, 168 Beech, galls on, 106, 211 Bertieria, 81 Bibio, white winged, 66 Bibio albipennis, 66 marci, 66 bidentata, Dasyneura, 117, 133 bilineatus, Agrilus, 9 bilobatus, Odontaulacus, 29 binotata, Hyperaspis signata var., 53 bipunctata, Adalia, 53, 68 Birch tree, Bolitophila cinerea injur- ing, 67 Blackberry, galls on, 138 Blueberry, bud gall on, 145 Bolitophila cinerea, 67 borealis, Dasyneura, 118, 136 Bracon pectinator, 29 brassicoides, Rhabdophaga, 87, 88, 103; FIG, ks Brown-tail moth, 7 bucculatricis, Pentocnemus, 23 Button ball, galls on, 104 Cactus midge, 9, 390 californica, Artemisia, 211 Dasyneura, 125, 164 Diarthronomyia, 209 Dicrodiplosis, 68 Rhabdophaga, 85, 98 Calopedila, 81 Calosoma calidum, 68 Camptomyia tsugae, 29, 71 Camptoneuromyia adhesa, 206 Canada thistle; galls on, 158, 170 canadensis, Cystiphora, 201 Dasyneura, 124, 129, 162 carbonaria, Dasyneura, 117, 132 carbonifera, Asteromyia, 132 Carex vulpinoidea, 153 caricis, Dasyneura, 121, 122, 153 carinatus, Tetrastichus, 176 carpini, Lasiopteryx, 106 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Carpinus americana, 106 Carpocapsa pomonella, 13 Carya, 156 Caryomyia persicoides, 108 Cassava, galls on, 195 caulicola, Rhabdophaga, 86, 87, 103 Ceanothus americanus, 132, 137 Cecidomyia, 115 ocellaris, 68 oxycoccana, I5I pini, “115 quercus, 1096 vaccinii, I51 viminalis, 82 cephalanthi, Rhabdophaga, 86, 104 Cephalanthus occidentalis, 104 cerasi, Rhizomyia, 203, 205 Ceratopogon, 69 cercocarpi, Dasyneura, 71, 128, 129, 183 Cercocarpus parvifolius, 183 Chermes abietis, 48, 59 floccus, 48 Cherry tree, galls on, 156, 205 Cherry tree, wild, injurious insects: apple tent caterpillar, 5, 49-50 forest tent caterpillar, 61 Chestnut borer, two-lined, 9 Chiloneurus sp., 55 Choke cherry, galls on, 95 cincta, Rhizomyia, 202, 204 Cincticornia, 79 cinerea, Bolitophila, 67 circinans, Dryomyia, 106 cirsioni, Dasyneura, 123, 158 Cirsium arvense, 158, 170 clematidis, Dasyneura, 120, 121, 147 Clematis virginiana, 147 cleri, Eupelmus, 29 Clinodiplosis examinis, 71 Clinorhyncha, 79 Clover, red, galls on, 99, 143, 181 sweet, galls on, 185 white, galls on, 143 Clover seed midge, 172 cocci, Karschomyia, 71 Coccidomyia, 80, 81, 210 erii, 211 pennsylvanica, 210 Coccolobis floridana, 208 INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q13 Coccophagus immaculatus, 55 Cockscomb gall, 58 Codling moth, 6, 13, 60, 70 Coleoptera, additions to collection, 72 Collections, 10; additions to, 72-78 Colopha ulmicola, 58 coloradensis, Contarinia, 68 Procystiphora, 212 columbianus, Corthylus, 37 communis, Dasyneura, 127, 128, 181 Conotrachelus nenuphar, 50 consobrina, Dasyneura, 129, 185 Rhabdophaga, 86, 107 conspicua, Asphondylia, 71 Contarinia coloradensis, 68 Corn borer, lined, 7, 14 Cornus, galls on, 204, 205 forest tent caterpillar injuring, 61 cornuta, Rhabdophaga, 87, IIo Corrodentia, additions to collection, 75 Corthylus columbianus, 37 punctatissimus, 9, 36 corticis, Dasyneura, 126, 128, 168 coryli, Lasiopteryx, 190, 193 coryloides, Rhabdophaga, 111 Cotton, gall midge beneficial to, 9 Cranberry, galls on, 150 Cranesbill, galls on, 148, 159 Crataegus, galls on, 206, 208 crispata, Lasiopteryx, 196 Ctenodactylomyia, 81, 208 watsoni, 208 Cutworms, I5 variegated, 56 cyanococci, Dasyneura, 120, 145 Cyllene robiniae, 62 Cystiphora, 81, 200 canadensis, 201 viburnifolia, 201 Cystodiplosis eugeniae, 69 Dasyneura, 80, I15 aberrata, 123, 157 acerifolia, 124, 125, 159 albohirta, 124, 159 albovittata, 126, 127, 128, 179 americana, 126, 168° ampelophila, 119, 140 anemone, 118, 121, 139 Dasyneura (continued) antennata, 124, 160 apicata, £21, 152 aromaticae, 129, 183 attenuata, 129, 184 augusta, 125, 165 aurinirta, 116, 137 bidentata, 117, 133 borealis, 118, 136 californica, 125, 164 canadensis, 124, 129, 162 carbonaria, I17, 132 earicis: 120 122) 193 cercocarpi, 71, 128, 129, 183 cirsioni, 123, 158 clematidis, 120, 121, 147 communis, 127, 128, 181 consobrina, 129, 185 corticis, 126, 128, 168 cyanococci, 120, 145 denticulata, 125, 165 eugeniae, 123, 150 filicis, 120, 148 flavescens, 120, 146 flavicornis, I21, 148 flavoabdominalis, 128, 183 flavoscuta, 120, 184 florida, 123, 157 fraxinifolia, 117, 118, 119, 133 fulva, 126, 171 Petinae. 127, 1300177 gibsoni, 126, 170 glandis, 118, 137 gleditschiae, 124, 163 graminis, 118, 135, 184 karnerensis, I17, 134 leguminicola, 127, 128, 172 lepidii, 122, 154 luteofusca, II5 lysimachiae, 128, 129, 182 maculosa, 117, I31 maritima, I2I, 122, 123, 149 meliloti, 120, 185 modesta, 121, 152 multiannulata, 123, 156 parthenocissi, 71, 122, 123, 161 pedalis, 130, 186 pergandei, 123, 156 photophila, 119, 139 piperitae, 118, 136 249 250 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dasyneura (continued) Dryocosmus favus, 48 pseudacaciae, 125, 163 Dryomyia, 81, 198 pudorosa, 119, 142 circinans, 1096 purpurea, 127, I81 folliculi, 199 quercina, 122, 154 dryorhizoxeni, Eupelmus, 80, 182 radifolii, 127, 130, 178 dulichii, Thecodiplosis, 68 rhodophaga, 9, 117, 130 rhois, 120, 146 Eccoptogaster quadrispinosa, 8, 33 rosarum, 125, 166 Elm, galls on, 99, 107, 108, 171 rubiflorae, 118, 119, 138 injurious insects: rufipedalis, 128, 181 elm.leaf beetle, 7, 56 salicifolia, 126, 128, 169 forest tent caterpillar, 61 scutata, 124, 158 protection, 71 semenivora, 126, 127, 166 elymi, Rhabdophaga, 83, 90 serrulatae, 130, 186 Elymus americanus, 90 setosa, 119, I41 Enarmonia interstinctana, 177 similis, 124, 160 English elm pouch gall, 57 simulator, 120, 142 Epidosariae, 79 sisymbrii, 116 eril, Coccidomyia, 211 smilacifolia, 121, 122, 147 Erium lichtensioides, 211 smilacinae, 122, 123, 155 error, Anopedias, 176 spiraeina, II7, 135 Eugenia buxifolia, 150 towerl, 130, 187 | eugeniae, Cystodiplosis, 69 trifolit; 120, 12r 122.8048 Dasyneura, 123, 150 tumidosae, 123, 155 Eupatorium purpureum, 181 ulmea, 127, 171 Eupelmus cleri, 29 unguicula, I19, 141 dryorhizoxeni, 89, 182 urticae, 116 European grain moth, 16 vaccinii, I2I, 122, 150 European wolfmoth, 7 vernalis, 117, 132 Eurytoma studiosa, 110 virginiana, 207 WitiS eae) Mesa yuccae, 119, I40 Dasyneuriariae, 79, 80 Decatoma sp., 176 denticulata, Dasyneura, 125, 165 Diarthronomyia, 81, 208 artemisiae, 208, 209 californica, 209 Dichelomyia, 81, 115 Euthrips pyri, 6, 50 Evergreens, gipsy moth injuring, 7 examinis, Clinodiplosis, 71 Fagus grandifolia, 211 False maple scale, 8, 590 False red bug, 51 False Solomon seal, galls on, 155 fascipennis, Baccha, 59 Faunal studies, 10 Dicrodiplosis antennata, 68. favus, Dryocosmus, 48 californica, 68 felti, Osmia, 65 helena, 68 Fern, galls on, 148, 159 Didactylomyia, 79 Fiery ground beetle, 68 Diptera, additions to collection, 73 Fig, galls on, 193 disstria, Malacosoma, 61 filicis, Dasyneura, 120, 148 Dogwood, pitted Ambrosia beetle in- | fitchii, Promachus, 7, 26 juring, 38 flavescens, Dasyneura, 120, 146 dorsata, Porricondyla, 68 flavicornis, Dasyneura, 121, 148 Drosophila repleta, 71 flavoabdominalis, Dasyneura, 128, Drug store beetle, 64 |) £83 INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI13 flavoscuta, Dasyneura, 129, 184 flavotibialis, Lasiopteryx, 190 Flies, 9, 68, 70 floccus, Chermes, 48 florida, Dasyneura, 123, 157 folliculi, Dryomyia, 199 Forest tent caterpillar, 5, 10, 61, 70 Forest tree pests, 8, 61-64 fractilinea, Hadena, 7, 14 fraxinifolia, Dasyneura, IIQ, 133 Rhizomyia, 202, 203 Fraxinus, 146, 152, 203 Fruit tree pests, 49 fulva, Dasyneura, 126, I7I fulvoguttata, Melanophila, 8, 26 fumiferana, Tortrix, 49 Fungicides, formulas for, 70 fusca, Lachnosterna, 24 fuscipennis, Aphelinus, 55 BIZ: LIS, Galerucella luteola, 56 Galium asprellum, 168 Gall midges, 9, 10, 68, 60, 71, 79-211 gemmae, Dasyneura, 127, 130, 177 Rhabdophaga, 86, I00 ' gemmarum, Arnoldia, 196 Geocrypta, 81 georgina, Sarcophaga, 71 Geranium maculatum, I59 gibsoni, Dasyneura, 126, 170 Gipsy moth, 7 glandis, Dasyneura, 118, 137 Gleditschia triacanthos, 163 gleditschiae, Dasyneura, 124, 163 globosa, Rhabdophaga, 85, 100 Gnophomyia tristissima, 49 Goldenrod, see Solidago Gouty pine midge, 70 Gracilaria azaleae, 21 gracilis, Rhodites, 48 grain moth, 7, 16 pests, 7 graminis, Dasyneura, 118, 135, 184 granella, Tinea, 7, 16 Grape, galls on, 134, 195, 206 Grape bug, banded, 6, 41 Grass pests, 7 Grass webworms, I5 Ground beetle, fiery, 68 Guarephila, 81 251 Hadena fractilinea, 7, 14 misera, 14 stipata, 14 Hazel, pitted Ambrosia beetle injur- ing, 38 Hazel leaves, galls on, 193 helena, Dicrodiplosis, 68 Hemiptera, additions to collection, 75 Hemlock borer, spotted, 8, 26 Heterocordylus malinus, 6 Heteropezinae, 79 Hickory bark borer, 8, 33 Hickory leaf gall midges, 71 Hickory trees, 69 galls on, 156 hirta, Rhizomyia, 203, 208 hirticornis, Rhabdophaga, 87, 108 hispida, Rhizomyia, 203, 205 Hobblebush, galls on, 201 House fly, 9, Io Household entomology, 68 Howard, L. O., acknowledgments to, 12 | Huckleberry, galls on, 171 pitted Ambrosia beetle injuring, 38 Hydrocyanic acid gas, 41 Hymenoptera, additions to collection, 72 Hyperaspis signata var. binotata, 53, 59 Hypericum mutilum, 187 immaculatus, Coccophagus, 55 inopis, Itonida, 70 inornata, Tiphia, 24 Insecticides, 5; formulas for, 70 insidiosus, Triphleps, 176 insularis, Mycodiplosis, 71 Xylonomus, 29 interstinctana, Enarmonia, 177 Ironwood, galls on, 1906 pitted Ambrosia beetle injuring, 38 Itonida anthici, 69 aphidivora, 68 aprilis, 68 inopis, 70 opuntiae, 9, 39 putrida, 68 resinicola, 68 Itonididae, 9, 10, 68 252 Itonididinae, 79-211 Itonididinariae, 79 Joe-Pye weed, galls on, 181 June beetles, 24 June grass, galls on, 135 juvenalis, Porricondyla, 68 karnerensis, Dasyneura, 117, 134 Karschomyia cocci, 71 Lachnosterna fusca, 24 tristis, 25 Ladybeetle, 59 two-spotted, 53, 68 15 spotted, 64 Lasioptera vitis, 134, 206 Lasiopterariae, 79 Lasiopteryx, 80, 189 arizonensis, 190, 195 carpini, 196 coryli, 190, 193 crispata, 196 flavotibialis, 190 manihot, 190, 195 schwarzi, 190, 193 latebrosa, Rhabdophaga, 84, 97 Lathyrus maritimus, 149 Leaf miner, Arbor vitae, 22 Lecanium, galls on, 2Io Lectures, 10 ledi, Pseudococcus, 48 Ledomyia, 189 leguminicola, 172 lepidii, Dasyneura, 122, 154 Lepidium virginicum, 154 Lepidomyia, 189 Lepidoptera, additions to collections, 74 Lestremiinae, 79 Lettuce, white, leaf galls on, 201 Leucospis affinis, 66 lichtensioides, Erium, 211 Lime-sulphur wash, 6, 50, 53, 54 Lined corn borer, 7, 14 liriodendri, Toumeyella, 8, 60 Locust, black, galls on, 164 locust borer injuring, 62 Locust, honey, galls on, 163 Dasynetra, 127, . 1026, NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Loosestrife, whorled, leaf galls ca 182 luteofusca, Dasyneura, 115 luteola, Galerucella, 56 Lygidea mendax, 6, 51 Lygus pratensis, 51 Lysimachia quadrifolia, 182 terrestris, 182 lysimachiae, Dasyneura, 128, 129, 182 Macrolabis, 81, 106 maculosa, Dasyneura, 117, 131 Malacosoma americana, 49, 69 disstria, 61 malinus, Heterocordylus, 6 manihot, Lasiopteryx, 190, 195 Manihot utilissima, 195 Maple, galls on, 93, 99, 107, 108, 159 injurious insects: false maple scale, 59 forest tent caterpillar, 61 Maple, soft, galls on, 94, 181 Maple, sugar, galls on, 160 injurious insects: , forest tent caterpillar, 5, 61 pitted ambrosia bettle, 37 use of miscible oils on, 45-47 Maple scale, false, 8, 59 marci, Bibio, 66 marginata, Rhabdophaga, 84 marilandica, Neocatocha, 68 maritima, Dasyneura, I12I, 122, 123, 149 Mason bee, 65 Meadowsweet, galls on, 106 Megachile, 65 melampodia, Psilocephala, 49 Melanophila fulvoguttata, 8, 26 meles, Phytonomus, 69 meliloti, Dasyneura, 129, 185 Melilotus alba, 185 mendax, Lygidea, 6, 51 Mentha piperita, 136 Microperrisia, 80 Mindarus abietinus, 48, 64 minor, Neuromyia, 197 Mint, galls on, 183 Miscible oils, use on trees, 45-47 misera, Hadena, 14 | modesta, Dasyneura, 121, 152 INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9QI3 253 monacha, Asphondylia, 206 Pear psylla, 6, 52 Mosquitos, 9, 68, 70 + Pear thrips, 6, 50-51 Mountain laurel, rhododendron clear- | Pear tree, injurious insects wing injuring, 21 pear thrips, 50 multiannulata, Dasyneura, 123, 156 San José scale, 54 Mycodiplosis insularis, 71 pectinator, Bracon, 29 pedalis, Dasyneura, 130, 186 Naphthalin, 66 Pemphigus ulmifusus, 58 nenuphar, Conotrachelus, 50 pennsylvanica, Coccidomyia, 210 Neocatocha, 68 Pentocnemus bucculatricis, 23 marilandica, 68 Peppermint, galls on, 136 Neocerata, 115 pergandei, Dasyneura, 123, 156 Neptunimyia, 68 Pernettyella, 80 tridens, 68 perniciosi, Prospaltella, 54 SET aa ee do; 190, 167 perniciosus, Aspidiotus, 53 minor, 197 perplexa, Rhizomyia, 202 Perrisia, 115, 116 persimilis, Rhabdophaga, 90 | Petroleum, 5 Phenacoccus acericola, 8, 59 Phormia regina, 71 photophila, Dasyneura, I19, 139 Physokermes piceae, 59 Phytonomus meles, 69 Phytophaga rigidae, 88 ulmi, 68 Picea canadensis, 162, 165 piceae, Physokermes, 59 Pine, white, galls on, 185 white pine weevil injuring, 8 Pine midge, gouty, 70 Pine weevil, white, 30 pini, Cecidomyia, I15 Pinus strobus, 185 piperitate, Dasyneura, 118, 136 Pissodes strobi, 8, 30 Pitted Ambrosia beetle, 9, 36 Plant ‘lice, 53; 70 Platygaster obscuripennis, 89, 9I Platypus punctualtus, 71 Plecoptera, additions to collection, 77 plicata, Rhabdophaga, 83, 93 Plum curculio, 50 podagrae, Rhabdophaga, 87, 88, I09 podisi, Telenomus, 176 Neuroterus saltatorius, 68 New Jersey tea, galls on, 132, 137 nodula, Rhabdophaga, 83, 84, 91 normaniana, Rhabdophaga, 86, 103 Nursery inspection, II Oak, galls on, 157, 165, I91 injurious insects: chestnut borer, two lined, 9 forest tent caterpillar, 5, 61 Oak, red, galls on, 152, 154, 158 Oak, white, gaJls on, 133 Aspidiotus osborni injuring, 48 Oakesia sessilifolia, 196 obscuripennis, Platygaster, 89, 91 occidentalis, Rhabdophaga, 85, 98 ocellaris, Cecidomyia, 68 ocellata, Anatis, 64 Odontaulacus bilobatus, 29 Oils, use of on trees, 45-47 Oligotrophiariae, 79 Opuntia banburyana, 39 opuntiae, Itonida, 9, 39 Orchard insects, 68, 70 osborni, Aspidiotus, 48 Osmia felti, 65 ostensackenii, Torymus, 106, 187 oxycoccana, Cecidomyia, I51 Oyster scale, 70 Panicea, Sitodrepa, 64 Poison ivy, galls on, 146 Paracalocoris scrupeus, 6, 41 Polygnotus sp., 176 parthenocissi, Dasyneura, 71, 122, alnicola, 187 123, I61 Polymecus alnicola, 187 254 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Polynema striaticornis, 89, 176 pomonella, Carpocapsa, 13 Poplar, forest tent caterpillar injur- ing, 5, 61 galls on, 102 populi, Rhabdophaga, 86, 102 Populus tremuloides, 102 porrecta, Rhabdophaga, 86, Io1 Porricondyla dorsata, 68 juvenalis, 68 pratensis, Lygus, 51 Rhabdophaga, 85, 99 Prenanthes alba, 201 altissima, 201 Procystiphora, 80, 212 coloradensis, 212 Promachus fitchii, 7, 26 Prospaltella perniciosi, 54 Prunus melanocarpa, 156 serotina, 205 virginiana, 95 Psedera quinquefolia, 140 pseudacaciae, Dasyneura, 125, 163 Pseudococcus ledi, 48 Psilocephala melampodia, 49 Psylla pyricola, 52 Psyllaephagus sp., 55 Publications, 10, 68-72 pudorosa, Dasyneura, II9, 142 Pulvinaria acericola, 48 punctatissimus, Corthylus, 9, 36 punctulatus, Platypus, 71 purpurea, Dasyneura, 127, 181 putrida, Itonida, 68 pyri, Euthrips, 6, 50 pyricola, Psylla, 52 quadrispinosa, Eccoptogaster, 8, 33 quercina, Dasyneura, 122, 154 Quercus, 165 Sp., 137 alba, 133 rubra, 154 quercus, Cecidomyia, 196 racemi, Rhabdophaga, 84, 85, 94 radifolii, Dasyneura, 127, 130, 178 ramuscula, Rhabdophaga, 83, 84, 92 Rattlesnake root, leaf galls on, 201 Recurvaria thujaella, 23 Red bugs, 6, 70 false, 51 regina, Phormia, 71 Remedies and preventives: arsenate of lead, 50 barcurol solution, 33 carbon bisulphid, 65 hydrocyanic acid gas, 41, 65 kerosene, 60 lime, 66 lime-sulphur washes, 6, 50, 53, 54 naphthalin, 66 petroleum, 5 tobacco preparation, 44, 51, 52, 70 whale oil soap solution, 53 Remedies and preventives for: aphids, 70 apple tent caterpillar, 50 arbor vitae leaf miner, 24 Azalea leaf skeletonizer, 22 banded grape bug, 44 cactus midge, 4I clover seed midge, 176 codling moth, 6, 13, 70 drug store beetle, 65 elm leaf beetle, 56 English elm pouch gall, 58 European grain moth, 18 false red bug, 52 forest tent caterpillar, 62 hickory bark borer, 33 house fly, 70 lined corn borer, 15 locust borer, 63 mosquitos, 70 pear psylla, 6, 53 pear thrips, 50 pitted Ambrosia beetle, 38 plant lice, 53 rhododendron clear-wing, 21 rose leaf hopper, 70 San José scale, 6, 50, 54, 69 spotted hemlock borer, 29 tulip tree scale, 60 white pine weevil, 8, 32 white-winged Bibio, 66 repleta, Drosophila, 71 resinicola, Itonida, 68 Rhabdophaga, 80, 81 absobrina, 87, 108 acerifolia, 85, 99 INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9Q13 Rhabdophaga (continued) aceris, 68, 83, 85, 93 batatas, 86, 87, 92, 105 brassicoides, 87, 88, 103, I10, I13 californica, 85, 98 caulicola, 86, 87, 103 cephalanthi, 86, 104 consobrina, 86, 107 cornuta, 87, I10 coryloides, III elymi, 83, 90 gemmae, 86, 100 globosa, 85, 100 hirticornis, 87, 108 latebrosa, 84, 97 marginata, 84, 95 nodula, 83, 84, 91 normaniana, 8&6, 103 occidentalis, 85, 98 persimilis, 90 plicata, 83, 93 podagrae, 87, 88, 109 populi, 86, 102 porrecta, 86, IOI pratensis, 85, 90 racemi, 84, 85, 94 ramuscula, 83, 84, 92 rhodoides, 87, 88, III rileyana, 83, 93, 94 rosacea, 84, 97 salicifolia, 86, 87, 106 salicis, 82, 84, 85, 96 sodalitatis, 82, 88 strobiloides, 87, 112, 177, 179 triticoides, 83, 85, 88 Rhizomyia, 81, 202 absobrina, 203, 206 cerasi, 203, 205 cincta, 202, 204 fraxinifolia, 202, 203 hirta, 203, 208 hispida, 203, 205 perplexa, 202 ungulata, 202, 204 Vitis, 203, 206 Rhodites gracilis, 48 rhododendri, Sesia, 9, I9 Rhododendron, pitted beetle injuring, 26, 38 Rhododendron clear-wing, 9, 19 rhodoides, Rhabdophaga. 87, 88, III Ambrosia 255 rhodophaga, Dasyneura, 9, II7, 130 rhois, Dasyneura, 120, 146 Rhopalomyia, 208 tridentatae, 209 rigidae, Phytophaga, 8&8 rileyana, Rhabdophaga, 83, 93, 94 rileyi, Batrachedra, 16 Riveraella, 80 Robinia pseudoacacia, 164 robiniae, Cyllene, 62 rosacea, Rhabdophaga, 84, 97 rosae, Typhlocyba, 70 rosarum, Dasyneura, 125, 166 Rose, galls on, 97, 130, 166 Rose gall, 48 Rose leaf hopper, 70 Rose midge, 9 rubiflorae, Dasyneura, 118, 119, 138 Rubus sp., 138 rufipedalis, Dasyneura, 128, 181 Sackenomyia packardi, 109 viburnifolia, 201 Sage bush, galls on, 209 salicifolia, Dasyneura, 126, 128, 169 Rhabdophaga, 86, 87, 106 salicis, Rhabdophaga, 82, 84, 85, 06 Salix, forest tent caterpillar injuring, 61 gails on bud galls, 88, 94, 97, 100, 103, 164, 177 leak galls, 63/11, 1690 pine cone galls, 179 twig galls, 88, 90, 91, 92, 96, 100, 103, 105, 109, IIO, II2, 113, 168 saltatorius, Neuroterus, 68 San José scale, 6, 53, 60, 70 Sarcophaga georgina, 71 Sassafras, pitted Ambrosia beetle injuring, 38 saucia, Agrotis, 56 Scheuria, 81 Schizomyia pomum, 108 schwarzi, Lasiopteryx, 190, 193 scrupeus, Paracalocoris, 6, 41 scutata, Dasyneura, 124, 158 Sedge, galls on, 153 Seius sp., 71 semenivora, Dasyneura, 126, 127, 166 256 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM serrulatae, Dasyneura, 130, 186 thujaella, recurvaria, 23 Sesia rhododendri, 9, I9 Thysanoptera, additions to collection, setosa, Dasyneura, I19, 141 77 Shade tree insects, 7, 56 Thysanura, additions to collection, 78 signata var. binotata, Hyperaspis, 59 | Tinea granella, 7, 16 similis, Dasyneura, 124, 160 variatella, 16 simulator, Dasyneura, 120, 142 Tiphia inornata, 24 Siphonaptera, additions to collection, | Tobacco extract, 44, 51, 52, 70 74 Tortrix fumiferana, 49 sisymbrii, Dasyneura, 116 Torymus ostensackenii, 106, 187 Sitodrepa panicea, 64 Toumeyella liriodendri, 8, 60 Slippery elm gall, 58 toweri, Dasyneura, 130, 187 smilacifolia, Dasyneura, 121, 122, 147 | Trichoperrisia, 80 Smilacina racemosa, 155 tridens, Neptunimyia, 68 smilacinae, Dasyneura, 122, 123, 155 | tridentatae, Rhopalomyia, 209 Smilax, galls on, 147 trifasciatus, Spathius, 29 sodalitatis, Rhabdophaga, 82, 88 trifolii, Dasyneura, 120, 121, 122, 143 Solidago, galls on, 132, 134, 148, 158, | Trifolium pratense, 99, 143 178, 183, 184, 199 repens, 143 Solomon seal, false, galls on, 155 triphleps insidiosus, 176 Spathius trifasciatus, 29 tristis, Lachnosterna, 25 speciosa, Astrodiplosis, 71 tristissima, Gnophomyia, 49 Spiraea, galls on, 106, 107, 135 triticoides, Rhabdophaga, 83, 85, 88 spiraeina, Dasyneura, I17, 135 tsugae, Camptomyia, 29, 71 spiritus, Anagrus, 187 Tulip tree scale, 8, 60 Spotted hemlock borer, 8, 26 tumidosae, Dasyneura, 123, 155 Spruce, galls on, 136, 162, 165 Two-lined chestnut borer, 9 injurious insects: Two-spotted lady beetle, 53, 68 spruce bud moth, 49 Typhlocyba rosae, 70 spruce bud scale, 59 Spruce aphid, 64 Spruce bud moth, 49 Spruce bud scale, 59 Spruce gall aphid, 48, 590 stipata, Hadena, 14 ulmea, Dasyneura, 127, 171 ulmi, Phytophaga, 68 ulmicola, Colopha, 58 ulmifusus, Pemphigus, 58 ulmisacculi, Tetraneura, 57 striaticornis, Polynema, 89, 176 unguicula, Dasyneura, 119, 141 strobi, Pissodes, 8, 30 ungulata, Rhizomyia. 202, 204 strobiloides, Rhabdophaga, 87, 112, | urticae, Dasyneura, 116 I Pen Eurytoma, IIo Vaccinium canadense, 145 Sulphur, 60 vaccinii, Cecidomyia, 151 Dasyneura, I2I, 122, 150 variatella, Tinea, 16 Telenomus podisi, 176 Variegated cutworm, 56 Tetraneura ulmisacculi, 57 vernalis, Dasyneura, 117, 132 Tetrastichus carinatus, 176 viburnifolia, Cystiphora, 201 Thecodiplosis ananassi, 68 Viburnum ? lentago, 201 dulichii, 68 viminalis, Cecidomyia, 82 Thistle, galls on, 160 Viola dicksonii, 166 thuiella, Argyresthia, 22 Virginia creeper, galls on, 140, 161 INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQI13 _ virginiana, Dasyneura, 207 Virgins bower, galls on, 147 Visual Instruction Division, coop- eration with, I1 vitis, Dasyneura, I17, 134 Lasioptera, 134, 206 Rhizomyia, 203, 206 Vitis sp., 134, 206 Water-beech, pitted Ambrosia beetle injuring, 38 watsoni, Ctenodactylomyia, 208 Webworms, grass, 15 Whale oil soap solution, 53 White grubs, 24, 70 White pine weevil, 8, 30 White-winged Bibio, 66 Willow, see Salix Winnertzia aceris, 71 Wolf moth, 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