LIBRARY OF 1885- IQ56 lucation Department Bulletin ublished fortnightly by the University of the State of New York -ed as second-class matter June 24, iqnS. at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., under the act of July 16, 1894 433 ALBANY, N. Y. October 15, 1908 New York State Museum John M. Clarke, Director Ephraim Porter Felt, State Entomologist ,pt?'. ,<^^•< Museum bulletin 124 m^ 23d REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST INJURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1907 - iduction 5 •ious insects 13 een striped maple worm. ... 13 itlered maple caterpillar 21 ow-vvhite linden moth 23 )ple leaf folder 28 :s for the year 31 nit insects 31 ade tree insects 38 scellaneons 41' icHtions of the Entomologist 50^ ributions to collection 56 .Midix A: W. W. HiUcollec- ion of Lepidoptera 61 -Mi.iix B: Catalogue of the ' Phytoptid " Galls of North 'Vmerica. G. H. Chadwick. . 118 PAGE Appendix C: Report of the Ento- mologic Field Station, Old Forge, 1905. J. G. Needham. 156 Appendages of the Second Ab- dommal Segment of Male Dragon Flies. O. S. Thomp- son 249 New North American Chironom- idae. O. A. Johannsen 264 Appendix D: New Species of Cecidomyiidae II 286 Circunifili of the Cecidomyiidae 305 Studies in Cecidomyiidae II... 307 Explanation of plates 423 Index , 511 ALBANY UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OP NEW. YORK 1908 STATE OF NEW YORK EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Regents of the University With years when terms expire 1913 Whitelaw Rkid M.A. LL.D. D.C.L. Chancellor - New York igy St Claik McKelway M.A. LL.D. Vice Chancellor - Rrooklyn 1919* Daniel Beach Ph.D. LL.D. - _ ^ _ - - _ Waikins 1914 Pliny T. Sexton LL.B. LL.D. _•_____ Palmyra 1912 T. GurLKOKD Smith M.A. C.L. LL.D. _ - - - Buffalo 19 18 William Nottingham M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. _ _ - Syracuse 19 10 Charles A. Gardiner Ph.D. L.H.D. LL.D. D.C.L. New York 1915 Albert Vander Veer M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - Albany igii Edward Lauterbach M.A. LL.D. _ _ _ - - New York 1909 Eugene A. Philbin LL.E. LL.D. _ _ _ _ - New York 1916 LuciAN L. Shedden LL.B. LL.D ------ Plattsburg Commissioner of Education Andrew S. Draper LL.B. LL.D. Assistant Commissioners Augustus S. Downing M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. First Assistant Frank Rollins B.A. Ph.D. Second Assistant Thomas E. Finegan M.A. Third Assistant Director of State Library James I. Wver, Jr, M.L.S. Director of Science and State Museum John M. Clarke Ph.D. LL.D. Chiefs of Divisions Administration, Harlan H. Hokner B.A. Attendance, James D. Sullivan Educational Extension, William R. Eastman M.A. M.L.S. Examinations, Charles F. Wheelock B.S. LL.D. Inspections, Frank H. Wood M.A. Law, Frank B. Gilbert B.A. School Libraries, Charles E. Fitch L.H.D. Statistics, Hiram C. Case Trades Schools, Arthur D. Dean B.S. Visual Instruction, DeLancey M. Ellis Nezv York State Education Department Science Division, May 6, 1908 Hon. A. S. Draper LL.D. Commissioner of Education Sir : I have the honor to communicate herewith for pubhcation as a bulletin of the State Museum, the annual report of the State Entomologist, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1907. Very respectfully John M. Clarke Director State of New York Education Department commissioner's room Approved for publication this yth day of May 1908 ^y^ • - — ■ — ^^"^ J- •* ^ Commissioner of Education. Education Department Bulletin Published fortnightly by the University of the State of New York Entered as second-class matter June 24, igo8, at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., under the act of July 16, 1894 No. 433 ALBANY, N. Y. October 15, 1908 New York State Museum John M. Clarke, Director Ephraim Porter Felt, State Entomologist Museum bulletin 124 23d REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1907 To John M. Clarke, Director of Science Division I have the honor of presenting herewith my report on injurious and other insects of the State of New York for the )^ear ending October 15, 1907. The climatic conditions of 1907 have departed widely from those of normal years and, as a result, the development of animal and plant life was exceptionally late. Warm weather came on very rapidly and all vegetation grew at such a rate that insects appeared unable to inflict material damage in many cases, consequently, there has been a remarkable dearth of injurious outbreaks, par- ticularly in the early part of the year, and presumably due largely to this cause. An exceptional event was the capture by Dr Theo- dore P. Bailey of this city, of two specimens of the exceedingly rare Leucobrephos brephoides Walk. [pi. 2, fig. i ] , the specimens being taken the last of April in St Lawrence county and deposited in the State Museum. Fruit tree insects. The San Jose scale is one of the most serious insect enemies of the horticulturist. The spread of earliei years has continued, and in places where very little effort has been made to check its ravages, the scale has become remarkably abundant and in some instances at least, practically ruined the entire crop. Our experiments of earlier years show very clearly that a lime- sulfur wash is thoroughly effective in destroying the scale as well 6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM as beneficial in checking certain other insect pests and fungous diseases. We have steadfastly insisted that it was wiser to use some such material than to employ the more easily applied mineral oils or preparations of the same, known as miscible or '" soluble " oils, because the latter, under certain conditions at least, may seriously injure the trees. This has been done in the face of a determined effort by certain parties to boom oils and oil prepara- tions as the most available remedies for San Jose scale. Despite the fact that these last named materials are valuable under certain conditions, it remains true that we must still rely in large measure upon the lime-sulfur wash for the control of this pest. Our con- servative recommendations, we believe, have deterred many from seriously injuring valuable orchards by making injudicious use of the more dangerous oil preparations. The operations of the grape root worm in the Chautauqua region have been observed during the season and, in our judgment, there is a. marked improvement oyer the conditions of earlier years. This change is partly due to the higher price of grapes and the consequent better care and fertilization given the vineyards, though it is possible that natural conditions have been of material service in reducing the numbers of this pest. It is still true that this enemy is abundant in certain limited areas, and danger of serious injury to vineyards here and there is by no means past. Shade tree pro'tection. Continued devastations by several shade tree pests have necessitated the giving of considerable attention to this phase of economic entomology. A bulletin on the white marked tussock moth and the elm leaf beetle, our two most in- jurious species, was issued in May and a number of warning articles sent to the press throughout the State. The general result has been exceedingly beneficial and much interest has been aroused. The agitation of earlier years secured the appointment of a forester by the city of Albany. This official was placed in charge of the trees, and the spraying with poison resulted in marked benefit, despite the hindrances incident to work of that character. The city of Troy, through municipal agencies, accomplished considerable along this line. It is only a question of a few years before a number of other cities will be compelled, by the severity of insect 'epredations, to adopt some protective measures or lose many valuable trees. The experience of the last decade has demonstrated beyond all question the possibility of protecting our trees from injuries by such leaf feeders as the elm leaf beetle and the white REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 7 marked tussock moth. It is practical to spray the trees so thoroughly that even in localities where the elm leaf beetle and the tussock moth caterpillars are rather abundant, there will be no serious injury to the foliage, and those interested . in this work should insist upon the maintenance of such a standard. Gipsy and brown tail moths. The work of last year in watch- ing for the appearance of these insects within the borders of New York State has been continued. Many caterpillars of various species, all native we are happy to state, have been sgnt in by dif- ferent correspondents, some fearing that they had found one or the other of these pests. These fears, we are pleased to state, were groundless and, so far as known to us at the present time, neither of these species has obtained a foothold within our boundaries, though the gipsy moth has recently been discovered at Springfield and Greenfield, Mass. Several days in June were spent in the infested territory, investi- gating in particular the recently undertaken work with parasites. Thousands of these beneficial forms have been brought into this country, taken to the laboratory at Saugus, reared to maturity, the dangerous hyperparasites destroyed and the beneficial forms lib- erated under conditions favorable to their multiplication. Our in- vestigations sliowed that certain of these European enemies had survived the winter and there is at least a fair prospect of consid- erable benefit resulting from this systematic importation of natural enemies. The situation is distinctly more encouraging than was the case last year. A general campaign of repression has been con- ducted most vigorously and the beneficial result therefrom is easily seen in Boston and vicinity. Furthermore, the federal government, through its Department of Agriculture, is cooperating with the Mas- sachusetts authorities in an effort to prevent the further spread of the gipsy moth in particular. This latter phase of the work consists largely in keeping all highways free from caterpillars, so as to make it impossible for automobiles to carry these leaf feeders into unin- fested regions. The gipsy moth is being combated strenuously in Rhode Island and Connecticut and there is a very strong probability that the few insects in the last named state will be speedily 'ex- terminated. Forest insects. There were two outbreaks the past season of exceptional interest. The green striped maple worm, A n i s o t a rubicunda Fabr. was very abundant on sugar maples in Berlin and Stephentown, Rensselaer co., stripping the leaves from large 8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM blocks of forest and proving injurious over hundreds of acres. The snow-white Hnden moth, Ennomos subsignarius Hiibn. was extraordinarily abundant on beech trees in the Catskills, de- foliating large areas in and about the township of Hardenburg. Both of these outbreaks are unusual, as neither of these species has been injurious in New York State for some years. Detailed ac- counts of these insects have been prepared and are given in subse- quent pages. Aquatic insects. The studies of our fresh-water insects have been continued. Prof. James G. Needham has completed his report on the work done at Old Forge, N. Y. in 1905, and the results are given in appendix C. This report is particularly valuable on account of the new methods employed in ecological work of this character and because of its additions to our knowledge of the food of fish. There are in addition biological notes on a number of aquatic forms. This report also embodies a valuable addition to our knowledge of the midges (Chironomidae) by Dr Johannsen. Furthermore, the large amount of new matter, relating to stone flies (Plecoptera) and the caddis flies (Trichoptera), acquired at this time by Messrs Needham and Betten, has been withheld for monographic accounts of these groups. Professor Needham's studies of the stone flies are nearly completed and they will prove an extremely valuable addition to our knowledge of this group. Dr Betten, who has been investigating the caddis flies for the past six years, has nearly completed his report upon these forms. The investigations of these two gentlemen, when published, will con- stitute in connection with bulletins previously issued by this ofiice, an unrivaled contribution to our knowledge of the aquatic insects of the State, a group which is of great economic importance owing to its value as fish food. Gall midges. This group comprises among its members, sev- eral insects of prime economic importance, such as the Hessian fly, the wheat midge, pear midge and some other destructive forms. Furthermore, there is every probability that some other of our native species may become destructive in the near future. Our in- vestigations have already disclosed hitherto unsuspected injuries by members of this group. We have succeeded in identifying several European forms not previously known to occur in this country. During the season we succeeded in rearing probably well over 100 species, a considerable number of them proving to have been un- described. Appendix D contains descriptions of over 50 new REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 9 Species, most of which were reared in 1907, together with a number of preHminary keys. The State collections in this group represent probably over 600 species. We have already described over 250 new forms, and it would not be surprising if, after working over the material, there were nearly as many more to characterize in addition to those previously described by other workers. The classification of our American species has been in a chaotic state, making it practically impossible to identify many of our forms. Our work, now well in hand, will establish, when issued, a much needed classification of this important group. It will be an ex- tensive contribution, presumably of about 800 pages. The rearing of these insects requires a great deal of time and attention, and the marked success along this line last season was due very largely to the devotion of Assistant Entomologist D. B. Young. The collecting of the insects and the galls in the field also requires considerable time, and much of this work has been attended to by assistant I. L. Nixon. Mr J. R. Gillett, a medical student, was engaged throughout the summer in making microscopic mounts of these insects, some 2000 most excellent slides being prepared. Gall mites. Several of these extremely minute forms are now recognized as injurious to the fruit interests and it is probable that further investigations will bring to light hitherto unsuspected in- juries by the members of this group. It is extremely gratifying to include as appendix B a catalogue of the " Phytoptid " galls of North America by George H. Chadwick, Zoologist. Publications. Numerous economic articles have been con- tributed by the Entomologist to the agricultural and local press. The large number of new species of Cecidomyiidae taken in 1907 made it advisable to issue preliminary descriptions of some at least, and a reprint from the report entitled: Nezv Species of Cecido- myiidae, published January 30th, characterizes 179 new species. The second volume of Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees [N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 8] appeared February 25 and has repeat- edly proved its value during the past season. The demand for information respecting shade tree pests kd to the issuing of a special bulletin on the White Marked Tussock Moth and Elm Leaf Beetle [N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 109], which appeared May 10, while the report of the Entomologist, owing to delays, was not issued till July 16. Collections. The special collecting and rearing of Cecido- myiidae by members of the office staff has resulted in enormous 10 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM additions to this group, they being particularly valuable because many of the forms are represented by both sexes, and in not a few instances by the larvae and the gall from which the insects are reared. Other additions to the State collections have been large, there being a total of over 10,000 pinned specimens. A number of very desirable species have been obtained through exchange. A representative collection of New York State insects is almost necessary for satisfactory work along economic lines. The as- sembling of a large lot of insects involves far more labor than the average man suspects. The additions to the State collection during the past three or four years have ranged from 10,000 to 15,000 pinned specimens, all of which have to be properly labeled, assigned to their various groups and eventually determined. There has been, since the present Entomologist took charge of this office, an approx- imately sixfold increase in the size of the State collection. The Federal Bureau of Entomology, through the Smithsonian Institu- tion, has about six trained experts in charge of as many groups of insects, and they in turn have at their command a number of assistants. These men classify and arrange specimens, thus cov- ering (though in much greater detail) a field which we must care for with but two assistants, not to mention the other lines of work. A large proportion of the curatorial work in connection with arrang- ing the collections devolves upon the assistants, and it is a pleasure to state that material progress has been made along this line. Assistant Entomologist D. B. Young has, during the past year, given considerable time to classifying the parasitic wasps, Ichneu- monidae, and a portion of the Braconidae and also Hymenoptera belonging to the following groups : Pompilidae, Larridae, Bembec- idae, Nyssonidae, Philanthidae, Pemphredonidae and Crabronidae. He has also done more or less incidental work with the Diptera. Assistant I. L. Nixon determined and arranged a number of the solitary bees, Andrenidae, assisted in arranging the Ichneumonidae and determined and arranged many of the Curculionidae. In addi- tion he went over the Hill collection, noticed below, repairing and arranging many of the specimens and is responsible for a portion of the catalogue of this collection. The Hill collection, an exceptionally valuable addition to the State collections, was received through the generosity of Erastus D. Hill, Carrie J. Hill Van Vleck and William W. Hill, heirs of the late William W. Hill, who desired that the father's work should be maintained as a permanent memorial of his REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 II labors in entomology. This collection, consisting of some 10,000 specimens and representing over 3000 species, is in excellent con- dition. It contains a large number of native forms. as well as representatives from Europe, Asia and Africa. The Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Hesperidae, Sphingidae and Noctuidae are particularly well represented, as may be seen by reference to the catalogue pub- lished as appendix A. The preparation of this catalogue has devolved upon the assistants in the office, first assistant D. B. Young being largely responsible for its arrangement. Office work. The general work of the office has progressed without any serious interruption, the Assistant Entomologist being responsible for the correspondence during the absence of the Ento- mologist. There has been a well sustained popular interest in the search for the occurrence of either the gipsy or the brown tail moth in the State, and as a result a considerable number of insects have been sent in for determination. There has been, owing to con- ditions unfavorable to insect injury in the early part of the year, some falling off in the correspondence as shown by the following figures: 1447 letters, 598 postals, and 915 packages were sent through the mails and 126 packages were shipped by express. Nursery certificates. The state of Virginia still insists that all certificates accompanying shipments of nursery stock in this State shall be indorsed by an official entomologist, and upon request of the State Commissioner of Agriculture, we have continued as in past years to indorse certificates issued by his office. The fol- lowing is a list of firms to whom these nursery certificates were issued during 1907: S. B. Huested, Blauvelt; Dansville Nursery Co., The Rogers Nurseries, Stark Bros., Morey & Son, Bryant Bros., Geo. A. Sweet, G. W. Whitney & Co., all of Dansville ; Wheelock & Clarke, George S. Joselyn, T. S. Hubbard, all of Fredonia; Reliance Nursery Co., R. G. Chase & Co., The M. H. Harman Co., Sears, Henry & Co., all of Geneva; Jackson & Per- kins Co., Newark; The Fairview Nurseries, Brown Bros. Co., Olver Bros., Western New York Nursery Co., Chase Bros. & Co., Ellwanger & Barry, H. S. Taylor & Co., Greens Nursery Co., all of Rochester; Lake View Nursery Co., Sheridan. Voluntary observers. Certain of these correspondents of the office have submitted reports at various times during the growing season, though owing to the scarcity of destructive insects there has been a marked decrease in these records. 12 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM General. The office is indebted to Dr L. O. Howard, Chief of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agri- culture and to members of his staff, for kindly determining various insects submitted to them throughout the year. We desire to state in conclusion, that there has been a hearty cooperation on the part of those in touch with the office and a con- tinued demand for our publications. The reports and bulletins issued by this office contain a mass of information which will be of service not only to entomologists but to those interested in the suppression of insect pests. Respectfully submitted Ephraim Porter Felt State Entomologist ■ Office of the State Entomologist, Albany, October 15, 1907 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 1 3 INJURIOUS INSECTS Green striped maple worm Anisota rubicunda Fabr. This species was responsible, in a large measure, for the extensive injuries inflicted upon the hard maples in and about Berlin; Rensselaer co., N. Y. during late summer. The caterpillars were so abundant over considerable areas as to literally defoliate acres of trees besides inflicting much injury upon many others over an extended tract. ' This outbreak commence 1 in 1906 and at that time was supposed to be the work of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma d i s s t r i a Hiibn., as no specimens were submitted by which its identity could be established. The initial outbreak occurred in a sugar bush a short distance north of Center Berlin, and in 1906 a number of acres were defoliated in this section. The injury in 1907 was first reported to this office August 12, at which time some sugar orchards had been stripped of their leaves and others were badly infested by the caterpillars. A personal investigation of the conditions September 14 showed that this insect had been abundant over an area ranging from the vicinity of Stephentown through North Stephentown, South Berlin and north of Berlin Center, the greatest injury being inflicted in the vicinity of the last named vil-- lage. The first signs of the infestation were observed a little to the north of Stephentown, on small roadside sugar maples, some of which had lost most of the foliage on the upper branches, while the smallest trees were nearly denuded of leaves. This attack, for some inexplicable reason, appeared to be confined almost entirely to the smaller trees, as not a few large sugar maples along the roadside were exempt from injury. The hills to the east of the road from Stephentown north, showed evidence here and there of extended feeding, while at North Stephentown large tracts were nearly defoliated. Just north of Center Berlin one sugar bush of some six or more acres had been entirely stripped and at the time of our visit the trees were throwing out new leaves [pi. i, fig. 2]. It is worthy of note that this species has been recorded by Miss Patch as defoliating maples in certain localities in Maine during 1907. Previous outbreaks by this insect have been limited to but one or 14 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM two years. Our investigations referred to above showed that in some sections of the infested area at least, healthy pupae were quite abundant and it would not be surprising were the depredations of last year to be repeated over a more extended area in 1908. Early history. This species rarely inflicts extensive injuries in New York State. Dr Lintner, writing of this form in 1902, states that the caterpillar very seldom appears in harmful numbers in New York or the Eastern States. He adds that it was reported that year from Monticello, Sullivan co., N. Y. on the grounds of Mr John D. Lyon, where a number of soft maple trees had been completely defoliated during the summer. This injury, however, was insignificant compared with the outbreak observed in this State during 1906 and the present season. This species has long been known as an enemy of soft maples, particularly in the Central and Western States. Messrs Walsh and Riley, writing in 1869, state that they have known of maples being badly stripped by this cater- pillar, while Townend Glover, the following year, states that it causes considerable injury to silver maples at Washington, D. C. Riley, in 1872, records this species as a serious enemy of soft and silver maples, publishing at that time a brief statement of its injuries in Kansas. Furthermore, he states that many of the soft maples of Lincoln, Neb. were stripped by this pest in August 1888. Messrs Riley and Howard record depredations by this species in- Mississippi during the year 1890. Prof. Herbert Osborn, writing in 1897, states that it sometimes strips maples in Iowa. Dr J. Bj Smith, in his List of Insects of New Jersey, ranks this form as sometimes injurious to soft maples and more rarely, oak. Description. The adult insect is a rather heavy bodied moth with a wing spread of about i^ inches. It is easily recognized by the pale rose colored fore wings crossed by a broad, oblique, pale yellow band and the pale yellowish hind wings. The body is also yellowish. The males may be recognized by the more pectinate antennae. A nearly white variety of this species has been described by the late Professor Grote. Pupa. It is about -)4 i"ch long, shining dark brown and tapering to a rather sharply pointed posterior extremity. Larva. The full grown caterpillar or larva is about an inch and a half long. It has a yellowish head, is pale yellowish green and is alternately striped longitudinally with eight very light yellow- ish green lines and seven darker green ones, the latter inclining to black and the median one usually darkest. Laterally, on the REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ I5 7th and 8th abdominal segments, there is frequently a large reddish area. Furthermore, this caterpillar has on the 2d tho- racic segment, just behind the head, a pair of long, black spines, and on the posterior extremity shorter, stout spines on the loth and nth segments. These spines are represented on the inter- vening segments by minute, black points arising from similar tubercles. There are also two lateral rows of short spines similar to the smaller ones in the submedian dorsal lines ; the ventral spines being decidedly larger. Spiracles rather large, black. The eggs, according to Professor Riley, are deposited in A » Fig. I Green striped maple worm, larva feeding, pupa, natural size. (Original) batches of 30 and upward on the under side of a leaf. The indi- vidual egg is 1/20 of an inch long, nearly oval, somewhat flat- tened and a translucent pale greenish, becoming yellowish with age and eventually showing the black head of the larva just before hatching. Food plants. This species feeds by preference on maples and in the Western States at least, exhibits a marked partiality for the soft maple, though our recent experience in New York shows it can thrive on the hard or sugar maple. Dr Lintner states that this species will feed on oak in captivity, while Dr Smith states that it rarely feeds on oak in nature. The attack at Berlin was confined almost entirely to sugar maples, though a l6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM few beech trees adjacent to the defohated trees, lost most of the leaves on the upper branches. Life history. The insect passes the winter as the dark brown pupa described above. The pupae are readily found in the vicinity of infested trees, within an inch or so of the surface of the soil. Sometimes they are so abundant that lo or 15 may be taken in a square foot, though this segregation is probably due to the condition of the ground at the time the worms are seeking shelters for hibernation. There appear to be two broods of this insect in Pennsylvania and that latitude. Melsheimer, writing to Harris from Dover, southern Pennsylvania in 1842, states that there are two broods of larvae in that section, as he had taken caterpillars toward the end of July and again many hundreds about the last of Septem- ber. There appears to be but one generation in the North, the moths having been recorded by Professor Packard as appear- ing about the middle of June. The eggs, according to Dr Riley, are deposited in batches of 30 or more on the under side of the leaves, a single moth laying as many as 142. The young larvae hatch therefrom in 8 or 9 days and about a month later the caterpillars attain full growth, desert the trees and enter the soil to undergo their final transformations ; the worms pupating in midsummer in sections where there are two generations, remain in this stage about 14 to 16 days. Natural enemies. This species is subject to attack by several parasitic insects. Dr Riley records Frontina frenchii Will., Belvosia bifasciata Fabr. and L i m n e r i a f u g i t i V a Say as parasites of this form. He also alludes to a record of an egg parasite, probably either a Telenomus or a Trichogramma having been obtained by Mr William Saunders. It is very probable that a number of our native birds are very efficient destroyers of this leaf feeder. Mr Edward Willbrant of Center Berlin, Rensselaer co., N. Y., had several acres entirely defoliated by this pest, and one of his sons informed the writer that crows had been quite abundant in the infested woodland after the caterpillars became numerous. It is very probable that these birds are of considerable service in destroying the caterpillars, particularly after rhe latter have attained some size. Remedial measures. This leaf feeder is easily controlled on more valued shade trees, by thorough spraying with an arsenical poison, such for example, as arsenate of lead. Obviously these REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 1/ measures are inapplicable to an extended forest area because of the enormous expense involved. The exceptional nature of the outbreak justifies the expectation that it will not continue more than two or three years, and such seems to have been the history in earlier attacks. Practically the only thing that can be done is to take advantage of the situation to emphasize the importance of protecting our native birds, and if possible to create a sentiment which will result in a substantial change in the present popular attitude toward these feathered allies. The depredations of leaf feeding insects are becoming more severe with advancing years, one of the most striking instances being the widespread injuries inflicted by certain species upon shade trees in our larger cities. The English sparrow, for ex- ample, has driven most of our native birds from the confines of our larger cities and, as a consequence, we have periodic out- breaks by the white marked tussock moth, Hemerocampa leucostigma Abb. & Sm., a species which has in recent years defoliated thousands of trees in New York cities and vil- lages. This insect, prior to the advent of the English sparrow, was regarded as an innocuous or harmless form, and such is its normal status in the country where native birds, particularly those which feed upon hairy caterpillars, are relatively abundant. The recent extended outbreak of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hiibn. is another illustration, and the injuries inflicted by this species are probably chargeable, in a large measure, to the great destruction of bird life in recent years. Dr William T. Hornaday of the New York Zoological Society, recently estimated that there has been a decrease of about 48^ in the number of our birds during the past 15 years. These figures, taken in connection with the enormous number of insects devoured by birds, are very significant. Protection and encouragement of birds. The most important step in bird protection, according to E. H. Forbush, Ornitholo- gist of the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture, is to protect birds about the home and endeavor to increase their numbers. Mr Forbush states that while it may be difficult for the individual to secure a permanent increase of migratory in- sectivorous birds on his farm, he can augment the number and size of the broods reared on his place, and thus increase the summer bird population. It is also possible to double the usual number of winter visitants. He cites the interesting case of l8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Prof. C. F. Hodge of Worcester, Mass., who has in three years been able to show an increase of 3005^ in the native bird popula- tion of a city block. The initial step in this work is to provide conditions adapted to the wants of birds. Mr Forbush states,^ " that such a place should be so situated as to provide shelter from cold northerly winds and storms. It must be well watered, and should be pro- vided with small patches of coniferous trees, and wind breaks of trees, shrubs and vines. Large groves of pines or other conifers are not particularly desirable as they provide nesting places for crows, jays, hawks and other enemies of small birds. It should have a great diversity of vegetation, including a variety of fruit-bearing plants. A portion of the land should be wooded. If there are too many trees, they may be cut in much less time than it takes to grow them ; and those trees, shrubs and vines that are especially attractive to birds may be left. It is well to leave some dead trees or dead limbs in which the woodpeckers can breed, for, unless these birds can be induced to nest about the farm, the trees will suffer from many insidious insect foes." Mr Forbush mentions white oaks, white or gray birch, the common gray alder, elms, pines, larches and hemlocks as being most attractive to various birds. He also gives in the above cited volume a rather long list of fruit-bearing trees, shrubs and vines furnishing food for birds. Attracting and feeding the native winter birds is another line of effort productive of much pleasure and at the same time of considerable practical importance. It has been stated, for ex- ample, that a pear orchard in New York State, badly infested by psylla, was practically cleared of the pest by nuthatches ".hich worked in the orchard all winter. Many valuable insect- ivorous birds will remain about the farm if only slight provision is made for their comfort. Mr Forbush states that sparrows prefer some shelter such as thickets and tangles of deciduous bushes and trees and will even take refuge in brush piles. A little chaff scattered about the door, after a snow fall, is very attractive to these birds. He states that certain winter birds readily take shelter in sheds or even in poultry scratching sheds protected by ordinary 2 inch wire mesh. The birds are safe in these latter retreats from both cats and hawks. Mr Forbush recommends as winter food for birds, chaff from barn floors, ' 1907 Forbush, E. H. Useful Birds and their Protection, p. 37^. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 I9 millet seed, sunflower seeds, either in the head or detached, and advises hanging up in the orchard pieces of carrion, suet or other animal food for the benefit of jays and crows. These latter birds resort to such supplies when unable to obtain food in nature and there is much less danger of their molesting the smaller birds or devouring the winter berries upon which the smaller forms depend so largely for sustenance. Provision should also be made for summer birds if we would have these delightful and beneficial companions upon our prem- ises. Mr Forbush, in order to accomplish this end, recommends the feeding of the early appearing birds in April with a little cracked corn, oats, wheat, barley or millet seed and providing them with suitable bathing places. The latter should be where there is little danger from attacks by cats or owds. The water should range in depth from ^ inch to 2 inches and must be fresh. Nesting places for swallows can easily be provided by making an entrance at least a foot wide in the gable ends of barns not otherwise provided with openings. There should be some provision inside for nesting places similar to the rafters in the old-fashioned structures. Chimney swifts can be induced to remain in the neighborhood by attaching to the barn a box of boards about the size and shape of the old-fashioned chimneys. Mr Forbush states that it is not necessary that this structure be upon the top of the building, though it should be out of the reach of cats. Appropriate nesting places should be provided or made accessible for the other small birds. The above measures, though perhaps trivial in themselves if only one or more are adopted, are capable of exercising con- siderable influence upon our bird population, and if generally adopted throughout a given section of the country, should be productive of great practical benefit, since the increased num- ber of birds would be a most important check upon destructive insects. Bibliography 1793 Fabricius, J. H. Syst. Ent. 3:429- (Original description) T842 Melsheimer, F. E, Harris' Ent. Correspondence, p. 116-17. (Observations on life history, as Dryocampa) 1862 Harris, T. W. Ins. Inj. Veg. Ed. 3, p. 408. (Adult described, as Dryocampa) 1864 Lintner, J. A. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. 3:426-27. (Larva de- scribed, as Dryocampa) 20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 1867 Walsh, B. D. Prac. Ent. 2:72. (Mentioned, as Dryocampa) 1869 & Riley, C. V. Am. Ent. 2:61. (Mentioned, as Dryocampa) 1869 Packard, A. S. Guide to Study of Ins. p. 300. (Mentioned) 1S70 Glover, Townsend. U. S. Dep't Agric. Rep't p. 83. (Mentioned, as Dryocampa) 1870 Saunders, William. Can. Ent. 2:75-76. (Larva described, as Dryocampa) 1873 Riley, C. V. Am. Nat. 7:5 18. (Mentioned) 1873 Nox. & Ben. Ins. Mo. Sth Rep't, p. 137-40. (Brief account, as Dryocampa) 1874 Grote, A. R. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci. Bui. 2, p. 153. (Variety alba, described) 1874 Lintner, J. A. Ent. Contrib. No. 3, p. 133. (Larva described, as Dryocampa) 1877 Andrews, W. V. Can. Ent. 9:179-80. (Larva described, as Dryo- campa) 1878 Thomas, C. Nox. & Ben. Ins. 111. 7th Rep't, p. 196, 279, 281. (Mentioned, as Dryocampa) 1880 Martin, J. Nox & Ben. Ins. III. loth Rep't, p. 121. (Larva described, as Dryocampa) 1881 Packard, A. S. U. S. Ent. Com. Bui. 7, p. 109-10. (General ac- count) 1887 Grote, A. R. Can. Ent. 19:52. (Larva described, as Dryocampa) 1887 Lintner, J. A. N. Y. State Ent. 3d Rep't, p. 91. (Mentioned, as Dryocampa) 1888 Riley, C. V. U. S. Dep't Agric. Rep't, p. 140. (Brief account) 1889 Lintner, J. A. N. Y. State Ent. 5th Rep't, p. 197, 198, 200. (Men- tioned, as Dryocampa) 1890 Riley, C. V. U. S. Dep't Agric. Rep't, p. 253-55. (Summary ac- count) 1890 Packard, A. S. U. S. Ent. Com. 5th Rep't, p. 392-94- (Sum- niary account, as Dryocampa) 1891 Riley, C. "V. & Howard, L. O. Ins. Life, 3:157-338. (Parasites and note) 1893 Lintner, J. A. N. Y. State Ent. 9th Rep't, p 295, 422, 455. (Men- tioned, as Dryocampa) 1894 Neumogen, B. & Dyar, H. G. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 2:148. (Listed) 1895 Lintner, J. A. N. Y. State Ent. loth Rep't, p. 507. (Mentioned, as Dryocampa) 1895 Comstock, J. H. Man. for Study of Ins. p. 349. (Brief notice, a; Dryocampa) 1897 Osborn, Herbert. la. State Hort. Soc. Trans. 1896. p. 92. (Injuries) 1900 Smith, J. B. Ins. N. J. p. 392. (As Dryocampa) 1902 Dyar, H. G. List N. Am. Lep. p. 75. (Synonomy) 1903 Holland, W. J. Moth Book, p. 95. (Brief notice) 1904 Hopkins, A. D. U. S. Dep't Agric. Div. Ent. Bui. 48, p. 29. (Listed) REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ 21 1906 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 8, 2:537-38. (Summary account) 1907 Patch, E. M. Me. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 148, p. 263. (Defoliating maples, as Dryocampa) Antlered maple caterpillar Hcterocampa guttivitta Walk. The curious larva of this species is a somewhat general feeder and has attracted more or less notice because of its variable coloring and somewhat remarkable structure. It does not seem to have been hitherto recorded as a destructive leaf feeder. This species was associated with the green striped maple worm, Anisota rubicunda Fabr. in defoliating extensive areas in the townships of Berlin and Stephentown. An idea of the extent of the injuries may be gained by reference to page 13. Caterpillars of this form must have been rather abundant, as a number were sent in with the Anisota larvae August 12, despite the fact that they were then much smaller than this better known form. This species was also very destructive over large areas of maple and beech forests in Maine and injurious to apple trees, as recorded by Miss Patch. Description. The following characterizations of the various stages have been drafted very largely from Packard's extended descriptions. Adult. The parent insect is a rather heavy, pale olive-gray moth with a wing spread of i^ to about 2 inches. The wings are variably marked with white scales and patches and darker scallopings. Larva. The recently hatched larva of this species is less than 3/16 of an inch long, dull reddish and most remarkable on account of the nine dorsal pairs of chitinous processes, much resembling the antlers of deer, the anterior horns arising from the segment just behind the head. The anterior pair each have four long, curved horns, while the others are smaller and simpler. This curious armature disappears after the first molt and there are then evidences of longitudinal stripes. Successive molts result in great variations in color, in the third stage the ground color being yellowish green and marked by a broad, median, reddish brown stripe, which latter has conspicuous dilations on the third abdominal segment. Subsequently the markings become lighter, the larva being mostly light green with variable reddish brown mark- 22 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ings just behind the head, on the third abdominal segment and near the posterior extremity. The markings vary much in different larvae, there usually being a broad, reddish brown area, frequently forked anteriorly, just behind the head and extending to the first abdominal segment and an irregularly expanded area on the third abdominal segment. The reddish markings at the posterior ex- tremity are more variable, sometimes being rudimentary. The full grown larva is about an inch and a half long, has a rather small head, with the body increasing in size to the fourth abdominal segment,, from which it tapers ; the posterior extremity being slender, usually elevated and the last pair of abdominal legs extending behind as two small divergent processes. Pupa. The pupa is rather short, thick, stout, about ^ of an inch long and with a pair of short, stout, angulate appendages at the posterior extremity. Life history. This species, according to Dr Packard, deposits eggs at Brunswick, J\Ie., as early as July 3, the larvae hatching therefrom by the nth or 12th. The young caterpillars feed for a time on the under side of the leaf, at first eating away small, irregular patches. The first stage lasts about nine days, the second probably four or five days. Full growth is attained in about a month, though belated individuals may occur as late as the end of September. The larva, when annoyed, has a habit of jerking its head suddenly from side to side as though trying to drive away some assailant. This species appears to live by preference on sugar maple, red maple and oak, though it has also been taken on apple, chestnut, beech and viburnum. Miss Patch records beech as a preferred food plant in Maine. Distribution, This insect appears to have a wide distribution, it having been recorded from Florida and Georgia, north and east- ward through Maine to St John's Bluff and westward as far as Fort Collins, Col. Dr Packard states that it is a rare species in Colorado. Natural enemies. These caterpillars are subject to attack by a number of predaceous forms. Miss Patch states that in Maine the fiery ground beetle, Calosoma calidum Fabr., was very abundant about the base of infested trees and that one of the soldier bugs, P o d i s u s m o d e s t u s Dall., was quite active in destroy- ing the pests. Remedial measures. The discussion of remedial measures given in our account of the green striped maple worm, A n i s o t a rubicunda Fabr., would apply with equal force to this species. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 23 Bibliography 185s Walker, F. Lep. Brit. Mus. Cat. 5:992. (As Cecrita gutti- V i 1 1 a) 1856 Lep. Brit. Mus. Cat. 7:1748. (As Cecrita albi- p 1 a g a) 1856 Herrick-Schaffer Ausser. Schmett v. i, f. 514- (As Dry- monia mucorea) 1864 Packard, A. S. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. 3:372-3- (Described as Lochmaeus cinereus) 1865 Walker, F. Lep. Brit. Mus. Cat. 32:413- (As Mesogada s o b r i a ) 1867 Scudder, S. H. Harris' Ent. Correspondence, p. i34- (As Heterocampadoubledayi) 1880 French, G. H. Can. Ent. 12:83-84. (Larva described, as Heterocampa pulverea; in error) 1881 Packard, A. S. U. S. Ent. Com. Bui. 7, P- 46-47- (Quotes French) 1882 Grote, A. R. New Check List N. Am. Moths, p. 19 (Synonomy) 1890 Packard, A. S. U. S. Ent. Com. 5th Rep't, p. I59 (Larva and moth, as Heterocampa pulverea, in error) ; p. 398 (adult de- scribed, as Lochmaeus cinereus); p. 218, 424. (Listed) 1890 Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 24:544-47- (Larva de- scribed) 1891 Dyar, H. G. Psyche, 6:178. (Larva described) 1891 Smith, J. B. List Lep. Boreal Am. p. 31 1892 Kirby, W. F. Syn. Cat. Het. Lep. 1:564. Synonomy p. 565 (As Heterocampa doubledayi Scudd.) 1894 Neumogen, B. & Dyar, H. G. Am. Ent. Soc. Trans. 21:207. (As Cecrita guttivitta) 1894 N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 2:117 1895 Packard, A. S. Monogr. Bombycine Moths, p. 230-35. (Ex- tended account) 1896 Lintner, J. A. N. Y. State Ent. nth Rep't, p. 265. (On apple) 1899 Smith, J. B. Ins. N. J. p. 456. (As Cecrita guttivitta) 1902 Dyar, H. G. List N. Am. Lep. p. 254. (Synonomy) 1906 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 8, 2:727. (Listed) 1907 Patch, E. M. Me. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 148, p. 262-63. E>^- tensive injuries recorded) Snow-white linden moth Ennomos subsignarhis Hiibn. This species, though generally known some years ago as a destruc- tive enemy of shade trees, has attracted very little notice in recent years. The past summer, however, the caterpillars were found in immense numbers defoliating beech trees in Ulster county. An investigation of the outbreak, made by assistant I. L. Nixon, showed that the area of greatest injury was about half a mile long and 24 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ranged from Ys to ^/i oi a. mile in width. The outbreak occurred on Graham mountain, some 13 miles southeast of Arkville on the west side of a ridge running in a southwesterly direction and at an altitude of approximately 3700 feet. The caterpillars were so numerous that practically all the younger beech trees and the lower branches of the larger trees were completely defoliated, and in a few instances trees 35 to 40 feet high were entirely stripped of leaves, the pest devouring everything except the midrib and larger lateral veins. Early history. This leaf feeder is best known on account of the serious injuries inflicted by the caterpillars on the shade trees of New York, Philadelphia and other cities prior to about 1880. Mr A. R. Grote, writing of this species in 1881, states that this pest used to be so common in Brooklyn when he attended school there in 1857 and subsequently, "that the horse-chestnuts, elms and maples, the latter especially, became completely defoliated and the brown measuring worms used to hang down and cover the side- walks ultimately to the great discomfort of passers by." The situation in Brooklyn was 90 serious in 1861, according to Lintner, that the Common Council contemplated passing an ordinance com- pelling the removal of all linden trees from the public streets. Other writers in 1866 and later allude to the great injuries inflicted by these caterpillars upon shade trees, particularly those of Phila- delphia. A paragraph in Popular Science Monthly for 1881 [4:381] states that " for several years the measuring worm preyed on the leaves of the trees in Philadelphia to such an extent that early in the summer' scarcely any foliage would be left remaining." This condition continued till the introduction of the English spar- row, which latter, though a serious pest on many accounts, was the means of ridding our cities of this voracious measuring worm. The benefit resulting from the activity of the bird, appears to have been short-lived, as we now have in the white marked tussock moth, Heterocampa leucostigma Abb. & Sm., a pest that appears to be fully as destructive as the species under discus- sion, though in some respects more easily controlled. This measuring worm is ruDw coming into prominence as a destructive enemy of forest trees. Prof. J. H. Comstock, in his report for 1880, states that specimens oi this Geometrid were received from Mr Adam Davenport of Morgantown, Fannin co., Ga. with the statement that the insects had first been observed in the county two years before, and that they had spread rapidly and REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 25 were then destroying forests of hickory and chestnut and, in addi- tion, inflicting much damage on fruit trees. A later outbreak in Iowa was recorded by Prof. Herbert Osborn in 1896. He states that this species was unusually destructive in one of the south- eastern counties (Washington), a correspondent of his reporting that the measuring worms had defoliated " acres and acres " of timber land. There is, in addition, the outbreak in the Catskill forests mentioned above. This measuring worm appears to be making a place for itself among the more destructive leaf feeders affecting some of our fruit trees, particularly the apple. The outbreak in the Georgia forests referred to above, was accompanied by much injury to fruit trees in that vicinity. Prof. H. Garman, writing of this insect in 1904, states that this species has for several seasons been very injurious to an apple orchard in Muhlenberg county, Ky. It would not be surprising if a number of outbreaks, hitherto attributed to our more common canker worms, were in reality the work of this species. Description. The eggs of this moth are about the size of a small pin head, conical in shape, somewhat coiapressed at the points. They are first yellowish, then olive-green and later dark brown. They are covered with a thick, sticky, glutinous matter and adhere firmly to the object on which they are deposited. Larva. Length 2 inches. Head a dull reddish or yellowish brown, the thoracic shield darker and distinctly fuscous along the margins. The body mostly a dull brownish black, the suranal plate and anal prolegs yellowish brown. There are irregular, yellowish markings along the sublateral lines, they being repre- sented by inconspicuous dots on the second and third thoracic segments. On the first abdominal segment these markings are so thick and contiguous in some specimens as to give the appear- ance of short, sublateral lines extending most of the length of the segment. On the third abdominal segment the yellowish mark- ings are distinctly produced laterally and towards the median line, forming a pair of submedian irregularly oval, reddish yellow marks, very suggestive of tubercles. On the remaining segments this sub- lateral marking is indicated only by inconspicuous dots, a pair on the anterior and posterior annulets of each segment, the yellow markings becoming a little thicker and more irregular on the nth, 1 2th and 13th segments. Head distinctly broader anteriorly, the clypeus sunken, yellowish brown, the labrum pale yellowish with 26 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM a few conspicuous yellowish setae, the antennae short, yellowish at the base, the basal segment yellowish, the second segment pro- longed, reddish yellow, narrowly yellowish at the extremities and with a few coarse setae apically; mandibles reddish brown, fuscous apically, irregularly bidentate; labial palpi three jointed, mostly pale yellowish, spinneret pale yellowish. True legs a variable yel- lowish and reddish brown, the distal segments somewhat darker, the first pair of prolegs dark brown basally, yellowish brown apically, the anal prolegs . mostly yellowish brown, venter nearly the same color as the dorsum, except that portion between the prolegs, which is a variable yellowish green and yellowish brown. Pupa. The pupae are found among the leaves, being sheltered by a very light, thin, yellowish brown cocoon. The pupa is about I inch long, the general color being a yellowish brown, irregularly spotted with dull black. Antennae, leg and wing sheaths closely fused and extending to the tip of the fourth abdominal segment, the terminal segment pale yellowish or yellowish straw ; cremaster composed of an irregular group of four stout, dark brown, re- curved hooks, two distal, two subapical and then two pair of more- slender ones, the more distal being lateral and the others dorsal. The adult [pi. i, fig. i] is a rather slender bodied, usually snow- white insect having a wing spread of about i finches, the female being a little larger. This moth, according to Professor Packard, may be at once known by its snow-white body and wings, the angulated forewings and notched hind wings. Life history. The eggs of this species are deposited usually on the underside of the branches and remain unhatched till the following spring. The young measuring worms appear with the unfolding foliage and, when abundant, trees may be defoliated within two weeks. The caterpillars attain full growth in five or six weeks. The investigations of the outbreak in Ulster county were made July 26, at which time mosj; of the caterpillars were full grown and some had even entered the pupal stage. The final transformations are usually undergone within a shelter of leaves drawn and fastened together with silken strands. Adults were bred from the specimens taken in the Catskills July 31 and August I. The eggs are deposited shortly thereafter, and in the North at least, remain unhatched till the following spring. Professor Comstock states that many eggs in the Georgia outbreak were deposited on leaves, and this led him to conclude that in the South there was probably more than one generation annually. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9O7 Q.J Food plants. This species is evidently somewhat of a general feeder. Among shade trees, it evinces a marked fondness for linden, horse-chestnut, maple and elm, while in the forests beech, hickory and chestnut are seriously damaged. It has also been re- garded as quite destructive to apple under certain conditions and has been recorded as feeding on birch. Distribution. This species is evidently widely distributed in the eastern United States at least, having been recorded from Nova Scotia south to Georgia and westward to Colorado. Natural enemies. The English sparrow is a most effective check on this species in cities and it is presumable that a number of our native forms feed upon the caterpillars in the country. It is very probable that the large reduction in bird life in recent years is responsible in considerable measure for increasing depredations by this and other insects. The better protection of native birds must be regarded as one of the most efficient means of preventing insect outbreaks in forests. A single parasite, Macrocentus iridescens French, has been reared from this species, though undoubtedly other parasitic enemies as well as a number of predaceous forms, prey upon it. Preventive measures. The preventive measures discussed in the account of the green striped maple worm, Anisota rubi- cund a Fabr. should apply equally to this pest. Bibliography 1806 Hubner, Jacob. Samml. Exot. Schmet. vol. 2. (Original de- scription as Eudalimia) 1855 Harris, T. W. Hovey's Hort. Mag. 21:418-23 1857 Guenee, A, Spec. Gen. Lep. 9:181 i860 Walker, F. Lep. Het. Brit. Mus. List, 20:209 1861 Jones, J. B. Ent. See. Phila. Proc. 1:31. (Mentioned, as Geometra niveosericearia) 1864 Glover, Townend. U. S. Dep't Agric. Rep't, p. 554- (Men- tioned) 1866 Walsh, B. D. Pract. Ent. 1:57. (Brief account) 1868 Packard, A. S. Am. Nat. 2:333. (Mentioned, as Eudalimia) 1869 • Guide to Study of Ins. p. 32. (Mentioned) 1872 Lintner, J. A. Ent. Contrib. 1:77. (Listed) 1874 LeConte, J. L. Gardners Month. 16:325-26 1876 Packard, A. S. U. S. Geol. Sur. Terr. 10:528. (Description, dis- tribution, as Eugonia) 1878 French, G. H. Nox. & Ben. Ins. 111. 7th Rep't, p. 243-44. (Larva and adult described, as Eugonia) 28 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 1880 French, G. H. Can. Ent. 12:43. (Macrocentus iri- d e s c e n s bred from larva, as Eugonia) 1881 Comstock, J. H. U. S. Dep't Agric. Rep't. 1880. p. 271. (In- jurious, as Eugonia) 1881 Grote, A. R. Geol. Geog. Sur. Terr. Bui. 6, p. 588. (Early injuries, as Eugonia) 1881 Packard, A. S. U. S. Ent. Com. Bui. 7, p. 62. (Brief notice, as Eugonia) 1882 Dodge, C. R. Can. Ent. 14:30-32. (Injuries; life history, as Eugonia) 1882 Lintner, J. A. N. Y. State Ent. ist Rep't, p. 329. (Listed) 1883 Dodge, C. R. Ent. Soc. Ont. Rep't. 1882. p. 18. (Same as above) 1883 Saunders, William. Ins. Inj. Fruits, p. iii. (Brief notice, as Eugonia) 1885 Lintner, J. A. N. Y. State Ent. 2d Rep't, p. 69, ^(i, 77. (Injuries) 1890 Packard, A. S. U. S. Ent. Com. Sth Rep't, p. 232-33, 30&-7, 329, 354, 481. (Life history; injuries, as Eugonia) 1891 Smith, J. B. List Lep. p. 65 1893 Lintner, J, A. Ins. Life, 6:184. (Mentioned, as Eugonia) 1896 N. Y. State Ent. nth Rep't, p. 121-266. (Men- tioned) 1896 Hulst, G. D. Am. Ent. Soc. Trans. 23:372. (Synonomy) 1896 Osborn, Herbert. U. S. Dep't Agric. Div. Ent. Bui. 6 n. s. p. 80. (Injuries in forests, as Eugonia) 1899 Lugger, Otto. Minn. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 61, p. 230-31. (Brief notice) 1899 Smith, J. B. Ins. N. J. p. 449 1902 Dyar, H. G. List Lep. p. 336. (Synonomy) 1903 Holland, W. J. Moth Book, p. 348. (Distribution; 1904 Garman, H. Ky. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 116, p. 79~8i. (General account) 1904 Gibson, Arthur. Ent. Soc. Ont. 34th Rep't, p. 56. (Life history) 1906 Felt, E. P. N. Y. State Mus. Mem. 8, 2:725. (Food plants) Apple leaf folder Ancylus nubeculana Clem. Examples of leaves infested by this interesting form were received from Cattaraugus county September 17 with the state- ment that it was doing considerable damage to apple trees in that vicinity. This species is rarely abundant enough to cause material injury, though on accoimt of its peculiar method of operation, it frequently attracts notice and may occasionally cause serious injury. The common name, apple leaf folder, exactly describes the work of the caterpillar, since the dark yellowish green, black marked REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 29 caterpillar is most easily recognized by the apposed halves of in- fested leaves, their edges being held together by strands of silk. Early history. The dark brown, white marked moth was first described by Clemens in i860, and the first record of injury is given by the late Prof. Charles V. Riley, who in March 1877, re- ceived specimens from Mr O. C. Chapin of East Bloom.field, Ontario co., N. Y. with the statement that in 1876 the trees were seriously injured, one fourth of the leaves being infested. The same year Professor J. H. Comstock of Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. noted that the species was common in some orchards of New York State. It also appears to have been numerous in Wisconsin in 1878, since Dr P. H. Hoy writes of it as a serious orchard pest. Dr J. A. Lintner, in his report for 1891, records a case where about one half of the leaves of an orchard at Palmyra, Wayne CO. were infested by this species, though he considers the insect of comparatively slight economic importance. This leaf folder has also been recorded as abundant in Ontario (Canada) orchards in 1895 and again in 1903. Description. The parent moth has a wing spread of about ^ of an inch, is dark brown and the forewings are marked by con- spicuous white areas near the anterior margin and on the posterior margin near the extremity with a rather broad, oblique, whitish stripe. The original description by Clemens follows : Forewings white with a dark brown dorsal patch extending from the base to the middle of the wing, with its costal edge irregular or doubly curved. The oblique central fascia is almost obsolete except on the middle of the costa where it appears as a dark grayish brown spot, and in the middle of the wing beneath it is a grayish brown round spot exterior to which is a short black dash. The wing above the inner angle is varied with grayish brown and brownish. The costa exterior of the middle is alternately streaked with white and brownish, becoming reddish brown toward the tip. Extreme apex reddish brown. Pupa. The yellowish brown pupa of this species has been described by Professor Riley practically as follows : Length ^ of an inch. The wing sheaths extend to the fourth abdominal seg- ment, the antennal sheaths not quite so far. The anterior and posterior borders of each abdominal segment are armed dorsally with a transverse row of minute decurved spines, anal segment quite sharp. Larva. Length about >2 inch. Head a yellowish orange, thoracic shield yellowish, the body a variable fuscous yellowish 30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM green. The head is somewhat flattened, labrum reddish brown, the mandibles fuscous apically and the small antennae are whitish basally, pale orange near the middle and semitransparent apically. The large thoracic shield has irregular black markings at the lateral posterior angles, the body is somewhat more fuscous laterally and the setigerous tubercles are rather large, lighter than the body and each bears a single fuscous hair. Anal plate yellowish with a conspicuous irregular, transverse, black spot on the posterior half. True legs with the basal segment fuscous yellowish, the other seg- ments dark brown or black, prolegs pale yellowish green. Life history. The life history of this species has been sum- marized by Professor Riley practically as follows : The moths appear in the spring and presumably deposit their eggs upon the leaves, the young larvae hatching in the early part of June. The leaf is folded gradually by drawing the edges together, so that the upper surfaces are nearly apposed and the structure forms a secure shelter [pi. 2, fig. 2]. The caterpillars live in this retreat, feeding only upon the parenchyma and may be found throughout the summer and autumn, there being apparently but one generation annually. On the approach of winter the caterpillar lines the interior of the leaf with silk, and, dropping with it, hibernates in this shelter. The overwintered caterpillar transforms in April or May to the pupa, the latter making its way partly out of the leaf before disclosing the adult. Distribution. This species appears to be widely distributed in the eastern part of the country at least, it having been recorded from the Atlantic States and as far west as Wisconsin and Minnesota. Remedies. It is obvious, from this insect wintering in the folded leaves, as given in the account above, that it should be comparatively easy to destroy this pest in badly infested orchards by raking up and burning the dried leaves. Furthermore, this in- sect is undoubtedly amenable to arsenical poisons, and we have yet to have our attention called to an instance where this pest has appeared in numbers on thoroughly sprayed trees. This is particularly true where the more adhesive arsenate of lead is em- ployed in the later treatments. Bibliography i860 Clemens, B. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 12:349. (Described as Anchylopera) REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 3I 1869 Packard, A. S. Guide to Study of Ins. p. 338. (As Anchylopera) 1875 Zeller, P. C. Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien. 25:249. (.Described as Phoxopteris) 1879 Hoy, P. H. Wis. State Hort. Soc. Trans. 9:233. (Brief notice) 1880 Coquillett, D. W. Nox. & Ben. Ins. 111. loth Rep't, p. 153. (Larva described as Phoxopteris) 1882 Fernald, C. H, Am. Ent. Soc. Trans. 10:48. (Synonomy, dis- tribution, as Phoxopteris) 1882 Lintner, J. A. N. Y. State Ent. ist Rep't, p. 329. (Listed as Phoxopteris) 1889 Saunders, William. Ins. Inj. Fruits, p. 99. (Summary account as Phoxopteris) 1891 Smith, J. B. List Lep. p. 93. (As Phoxopteris) 1893 Lintner, J. A. N. Y. State Ent. 8th Rep't, p. 123, 297. (Injuries; mentioned as Phoxopteris) 1895 Fletcher, James. Exp. Farms Can. Rep't, p. 148. (Injuries; as Phoxopteris) 1896 Lintner, J. A. N. Y. State Ent. nth Rep't, p. 266. (Listed as Phoxopteris) 1899 Lugger, O. Minn. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 61, p. 293-94. (Brief general notice, as Phoxopteris) 1899 Smith, J. B. Ins. N. J. p. 496. (Listed as Phoxopteris) 1902 Dyar, H. G. List Lep. p. 466. (Synonomy, distribution) 1903 Fletcher, James. Exp. Farms Can. Rep't, p. 193. (Brief notice) NOTES FOR THE YEAR This season of 1907 was marked by comparatively few outbreaks by the more common injurious insects. The destructive species affecting fruits, field and garden crops gave comparatively little trouble. The extensive depredations upon shade trees in recent years have done much to bring certain forms into deserved promi- nence as destructive species. Those occurring upon forest trees have likewise been more numerous, and the recent extensive depre- dations by certain forms have served to emphasize their economic importance in a most convincing manner. The outbreaks by the green striped maple worm and the snow-white linden moth have been particularly noteworthy, as recorded elsewhere. Fruit insects Red-humped apple tree caterpillar (Schizura concinna Abb. & Sm.). This leaf feeder, generally distributed throughout the State, is more or less common from year to year. It attracted some notice during the latter part of the summer and more on account of its defoliating young trees in the middle of October. 32 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM This latter is somewhat unusual and probably chargeable in part to the backward season. The destruction of the leaves at this, late date can hardly be considered as injurious, since it would do little more than hasten the normal fall ripening of the wood. Lesser peach borer (Synanthedon pictipes G. &R.). This species has long been known as an enemy of plum trees in New York State, Its life history was worked out rather fully in 1879 ^y ^^ James S. Bailey of Albany, who studied the operations of this species on plum trees in his back yard. Subsequent litera- ture shows that this form has a decided preference for the domestic plum, though it has also been recorded as breeding in a number of other trees such as the beach plum, wild plum, cherry, June- berry, chestnut and peach. Recent developments show that this species may be quite injurious to peach, particularly in the Southern States. Its operations upon this tree have also been observed in New York. This pest has a somewhat similar habit to that of the more common peach borer (Sanninoidea exitiosa Say) , it differing in that it apparently attacks none but injured trees, preferring to work in the vicinity of some scar; consequently it is usually found in old trees. The borers make more irregular and longer galleries, generally following the outlines of wounds or along the edges of the cracked bark. They may occur at or a little below the surface of the soil or even above the fork of the larger branches. The borers live on the softer tissues under the bark causing, like the larger peach borer, an exudation of gum. This species is more easily distinguished from the common peach borer by its smaller size, and in the case of the male may be separated from the more common form by its bearing but two yellow bands on the abdomen, they occurring on the second and fourth segments, while the male peach borer usually has a band on the posterior margin of each abdominal segment. The methods of value in controlling the peach borer prove effective in checking this species providing the worming is extended to above the fork of the upper branches. Care should also be taken to prevent injury to the trunk or larger limbs. A more detailed account of this species is given by A. A. Girault in Bulletin 68, part 4, Bureau of Entomology, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture. Lesser apple worm (Enarmonia prunivora Walsh) . The work of this species is probably familiar to many of our orchardists, though it has usually been attributed to the operations of young codling moth larvae. This species generally bores just REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 33 beneath the skin around the blossom end of the apple or at a point vv-here two apples touch each other, producing an irregular sunken area covered by the unruptured yellowish or yellowish brown skin of the apple. This species rarely penetrates the fruit to the depth of half an inch. Its operations may continue till late in the season, considerable injury occurring even after the fruit has been barreled. The observations of Mr Fred Johnson show that this species was locally quite as abundant and destructive to apples at North East, Pa. during 1906 as the codling moth. It also worked upon the domestica variety of plums. The larva resembles very closely that of the codling moth larva and may be distinguished therefrom by the peculiar comb-like structure, visible with a magnifying glass, on the posterior extremity. It is probable that thorough spraying for the codHng moth will control this species very largely. A detailed account of this insect is given by A. L. Quaintance in Bulletin 68, part 5, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agri- culture. Apple maggot or railroad worm (Rhagoletis pomo- nella Walsh). The work of this native, widely distributed pest appears to become more apparent from year to year in New York State at least, and in some localities this species has been responsible for serious injuries. The parent insect is a blackish, two-winged fly about the size of our common house fly, and conspicuous because of its white banded abdomen and the black bands across its other- wise nearly colorless wings. This insect appears in early summer and deposits its eggs under the skin of the fruit after making a small incision. The wound soon closes and becomes almost in- visible, while the young maggot, hatching from the egg, grows slowly, maturing more rapidly as the fruit ripens. The maggots are so active in the latter stages that fruit apparently sound one day may be literally honeycombed by the pests on the next. This is particularly likely to occur in the case of well ripened sweet apples. This species manifests a decided partiality for early apples, some varieties being very badly infested. The presence of the maggots seems to hasten ripening of the fruit, which latter usually drops, and the pests escaping therefrom enter the soil and complete their transformations therein. Breeding continues till late in the fall, the insects wintering under ground as pupae. This insect not only attacks the early sweet varieties, but it is also occasionally injurious to the more valuable winter apples. The injury to these latter is not usually nearly so pronounced and, as a rule, is indicated 2 34 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM simply by irregularities on the surface and rather slightly discolored, corky trails in the interior. This work materially reduces the value of the fruit. Many a fruit grower has vainly wished for a spray that might be used to control- this pest. Unfortunately the greater portion of its life is passed under ground or within the apple, places where it is practically impossible to destroy the pest with the means now at our command. By far the most successful method of controlling this insect is by promptly gathering and destroying the infested fruit. The early sweet varieties can frequently be fed to stock, and in that way some return secured for the labor involved in collecting, or in some instances it may be practical to pasture the orchard so that the wind falls are devoured without further labor. This insect is quite local in habit, appearing to display a marked preference for sheltered hollows. Advantage can sometimes be taken of this habit, and the writer would further suggest that it might be advisable, in places where the pest is quite injurious to winter varieties, that it be attracted therefrom by setting a tree or two of an early variety, say Garden Royal, in the near vicinity and promptly destroying the infested fruit. Should this latter not be done the tree might become a center of trouble instead of a trap to draw away the insects from the more remunerative varieties. San Jose scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst.). This pest continues to attract much attention from orchardists throughout the State. The season of 1907 was favorable for its breeding, and in many places where no attempt was made to con- trol the insect, the scale became very abundant by the end of the season. In some instances this was very marked. The breeding was so rapid in some portions of the Hudson valley and in the western part of Connecticut, that the fruit oij infested trees was nearly covered by the pest and rendered practically worthless thereby. On the other hand, spraying for this insect has been exceptionally successful in many places throughout New York State. We have in mind one orchard which, at the end of 1906, was very badly infested by scale, so much so that many of the smaller limbs were well incrusted. A thorough application of a lime-sulfur wash was made in the spring of 1907, and as a result of this treatment the fruit crop was practically unspotted. This is only one of several instances which came to our notice. This exceptionally favorable result was probably due in large part to the fact that the spraying was unusually thorough. The experience REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 35 of 1907 has demonstrated beyond all question the practicability of controlling the San Joss scale by thorough applications of a lime- sulfur wash or other material in early spring. This is true not only in young orchards where it is comparatively easy to cover all the trees, but also in larger commercial orchards where spraying is considerably more difficult. The lime-sulfur wash continues to held its place as a standard remedy for San Josi scale. The majority make the application in early spring just before the bu:ls begin to -swell, and the results have been uniformly successful. Furthermcre, growers of pears are coming to see in this wash a practical remedy for the pear psylla (Psylla pyricola Fcrst) an insect which in recent years has been exceedingly destructive in some sections of the State. It is also of considerable service in checking the oyster scale ( L ep i d o s a p h e s u 1 m i Linn. ) , the scurfy bark louse (C h i o n a s p i s f u r f u r a Fitch) and possibly to some extent, plant lice or aphids. In addition, it possesses, as is well recognized at the present time, valuable fungicidal properties. The benefits re- ceived in this latter direction are, in the estimation of some of our best fruit growers, more than sufficient to cover the cost of spraying. There can be at the present time no question as to the value of the lime-sulfur wash, so far as controlling San Joss scale and several other insects is concerned, and even more important than this it is an absolutely safe application. This latter is some- thing of considerable moment to a man interested in producing the largest quantity of high class fruit during a series of years. There has been in the past considerable objection to the employ- ment of the lime-sulfur wash, partly because of the labor necessary to make the preparation and particularly on account of its caustic properties rendering spraying therewith exceedingly disagreeable for all concerned. This insistent demand has led to the develop- ment of a number of miscible or so called " soluble oils " which have been put on the market under a variety of trade names. Cer- tain of these have been used with considerable success, so far as immediate results are concerned, by some of our best fruit growers. The cost per gallon, for example, is considerably greater than that of the lime-sulfur wash, but on the other hand a diluted gallon of this material will cover a much larger surface than does the lime- sulfur wash and spreads more easily, thus making it possible to spray rapidly and in part offset the increased cost of the mateiial. Furthermore, and this is important in sections where winds are 3G NEW YOEK STATE MUSEUM variable in early spring, as is apt to be the case in most parts of New York State, there is no necessity of any preliminary boiling or treatment before operations begin. Taking all of these factors into consideration, Mr W. H. Hart of Poughkeepsie is of the opinion that it costs no more to spray with one of these miscible oils than with a lime-sulfur wash, in spite of the great disparity in the cost of materials. This is undoubtedly very close to the truth but other factors should be considered. Experience in the past has demonstrated that oily applications are not particularly bene- ficial to fruit trees, and it is yet to be ascertained what results will follow a series of annual applications of these proprietary mixtures. Furthermore, those made by different firms are not alike and it is unsafe to conclude that because one brand is harmless that the same is true of another. These materials should be used, if employed at all, with the greatest caution and the trees sprayed with such mixtures should be carefully watched for indications of oil injury. The results obtained with these soluble oils in 1907, so far as destroying scale is concerned, are practically equal with those given by the lime-sulfur wash. It should be remembered in this connec- tion that the season appears to have been an exceptionally favor- able one for destroying the scale, and it would not be surprising if the true relative value of these preparations was somewhat different from that indicated by the experience of the past season. Grape root w^orm (F i d i a v i t i c i d a Walsh). The back- ward season of 1907 had a very pronounced effect upon the devel- opment of the root worm as well as upon the growth of vegetation. Many farmers considered the season two to three weeks later than usual, and the same was true of the root worm. Normally this species transforms to the pupa from about June ist to the 20th, the full grown larvae being near the surface some days at least before pupation occurs. An examination of several vineyards in Westfield, June 4, showed that even on warm soil there was no evidence of transforming to the pupa. Indications at that time were that pupae would not begin to appear in numbers before June 18 and possibly not till the 25th or early in July. Subse- quent observations showed that even this was too early, as on July 10 only a few full grown larvae and two recently transformed pupae were to be found on light soil, indicating that these changes had been greatly delayed by the abnormally backward season. An examination of various vineyards at this- time indicated that larvae were relatively scarce, this being particularly marked in the case REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 3/ f)f the one owned Ijy iMr D. K. Falvay. This vineyard, it may be remembered, was very badly infested by root worms in 1903. The situation then was so serious that a collecting machine was made and over 150,000 beetles taken in the course of two weeks from about five acres. This tract has subsequently received careful cul- tivation and special attention has been given to cultivating so that the largest number of pupae might be destroyed by this latter pro- cess. The result has been that this vineyar 1 has been exceptionally free from this pest during the past three years, probably in a large measure due to the very thorough w^ork of several years ago. An examination at this time, July 10, of other vineyards, led us to conclude that there had been a considerable improvement in some of those that were badly infested a few years before. There w^ere some vineyards where the root worms were somewhat abundant, though so far as our examinations disclosed, the pests were not nearly so numerous as in earlier years. This observation was con- firmed subsequently by an examination of a number of vineyards Oct. 16. By far the greater number showed relatively little injury to the vines as indicated by the amount of feeding on the foliage, while in scattered localities there had undoubtedly been large nvmi- bers of beetles present and the indications are, in these latter cases, that considerable injury has been inflicted and more may follow next year unless some adequate measures are adopted for checking this pest. The root worm outbreak in Chautauqua county appears to have passed through the first and most severe stage and we may now expect a period during which this pest will be much less injurious, though it should be borne in mind that so far as individual vine- yards are concerned, there is still danger of severe injury here and there throughout the grape belt. It is therefore most advisable for all growers to keep a close watch upon conditions in the vine- yards so that destructive tendencies can be promptly checked. Un- doubtedly the better care and cultivation given the vines in recent years has had much to do wdth bringing about these marked improvements, since this treatment has resulted in a more vigorous growth and corresponding resistant powers. It is well known that root worm injury is most likely to be serious on light sandy soils. This is due partly to the fact that the insects seem to thrive better there, and somewhat to the lower resistance of the vines, since we have repeatedly seen vineyards on clayey soils infested by enormous numbers of root worms and yet showing comparatively few signs 38 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of injury. The latter, we believe, is due in large part to the in- creased vigor of the vines on the heavier soil. Cultivation is an important factor in keeping this pest in check, particularly if opera- tions are so planned that the surface soil under the vines is thor- oughly stirred at a time when the majority of the insects are in the pupal or " turtle " stage. The general efficacy of good cultural conditions is further emphasized by the fact that though this insect occurs in certain vineyards in the Hudson river valley, we have yet to hear of serious injuries in this latter section due, we believe, largely to the fact that high cultivation and good feeding has been the rule for some years. Spraying the vineyards, particularly if a bordeaux mixture is employed, is exceedingly beneficial, not only because of the insects destroyed but on account of the protection afforded from fungous diseases. It is by all means advisable to use a poison in the bor- deaux mixture, since this destroys a certain number of root worm beetles and is also very efficient in killing the first generation of the berry worm, Polychrosis viteana Clem. Shade tree insects White marked tussock moth (H e m e r o c a m p a 1 e u c o - stigma Abb. & Sm.). This destructive leaf feeder was very abundant in a number of cities and villages throughout the State last year and in some places it was present in considerable numbers the past season, despite the fact that many of the conspicuous white egg masses were collected and destroyed. The trees of the city of Albany were pretty thoroughly cleaned, partly by individual work and partly by the newly appointed city forester and his men. This insect nearly stripped many horse-chestnut trees in th-e city of Buffalo and was more or less destructive in a number of other cities and villages. These attacks occur from year to year and yet no determined efforts are made to check the nuisance. This species, as has been stated many times, is very easily controlled either by removing and destroying the egg masses or by timely sprayings with an arsenical poison. The habits of this insect are such that it would be comparatively inexpensive to so thoroughly clear large districts, that there would be very little danger of injury for a series of years, and so far as individual trees or groups of trees are concerned, they can be protected without reference to the condition of those adjacent unless the branches interlock. All that is necessary under these conditions is to remove the egg masses REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 39 and then prevent the invasion of other caterpillars by using a cotton band, sticky band or other device to prevent caterpillars from climb- ing the trees that have been cleaned. Elm leaf beetle (Galerucella luteola Miill.) . This destructive leaf feeder continues to hold its position as one of the most important insect enemies of elms. Many magnificent trees were seriously injured in Albany, despite the fact that a city forester had been appointed. Part of the trouble was undoubtedly due to the deceptive character of the season, its extreme backwardness possibly leading some to believe that the pest would not be par- ticularly destructive. There were the usual troubles at the in- ception of operations and this delay was accentuated by the diffi- culty of securing properly qualified men to do the actual spraying. This latter is very important. The work is disagreeable at best and only conscientious workmen can be relied upon to do the spray- ing properly. Serious injury to the foliage is the inevitable result of engaging unskilled help, an 1 the condition of the trees in late summer showed that in many instances tha application must have been far from thorough, not to mention streets where no spraying was done, owing to lack of time. It seems to be a custom to start one spray outfit aiid then, if the insect threatens serious injury, to put the second o;ie in commission. This may be somewhat eco- nomical of help, bat so far as protecting the trees is concerned, a reverse of this pol'cy would be decide'ly more beneficial. It would be much better to start two spray outfits at the beginning of the season and keep them going until developments showed that the pest was well under control, rather than to delay and attempt to kill the grubs with poison after the}- have become nearly full grown and consequently done most of the damage they are capable of inflict- ing. Many of the elms in Troy, Watervliet and adjacent cities sufifered considerably from this insect, and tlie same is also true of the mag- niiicent trees of Saratoga Springs. The city of Ithaca sufifered greatly from this pest, and urless some radical n:easures are adopted, many of the elms will be ruined or destroyed within a few years. A spraying outfit was provided in this latter city, through the cooperation of public-spirited individuals, and trees sprayed for all who were willing to meet the bare cost of the treatment. Un- fortunately many neglected this opportunity and as a consequence this provision was not so beneficial as might have been the case. The experience of Albany, Troy and other cities along the Hudson 40 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM valley show that it is by all means advisable to adopt adequate measures at the outset rather than to lose thousands of magnificent elms. The latter, we are sorry to state, appears to be necessary before municipalities appreciate the destructive possibilities of this shade tree pest. Experience has shown that there is nothing better for the control of the elm leaf beetle than thorough spraying with an arsenical poison, preferably arsenate of lead in the prepared paste form. The essential to success is an early application of this poison to the under side of the leaves. It is necessary that the spraying be mod- erately early and, as a rule, we have advised beginning the work as soon as the leaves were about half out, owing to the fact that other- wise it is almost impossible to get over most of the trees in a city before the grubs have attained their growth and caused a great deal of injury. The cost of this treatment is by no means excessive when compared with the value of the trees. Furthermore, the city of Albany expended in 1906 over half a million dollars for the main- tenance and improvement of its streets, excluling sewers, while less than one half of i^ of this sum was devoted to the protection of the trees. This is relatively much better than the amount ex- pended by many other cities for the care of their trees. Shade trees are such conspicuous features and add so greatly to the beauty of the streets that it would seen as though a considerably larger proportion of the amount devoted to the maintenance an.l improvement of the streets, might well be used for tlie protection of the trees. Sugar maple borer ( P 1 a g i o n o t u s s p e c i o s u s Say ) . This insect continues to maintain its reputation as a deadly enemy of the sugar maple, deservedly one of the most popular of our shade trees. Signs of its operations are visible in many of the cit'es and villages throughout the State, and occasionally one goes into a neighborhood where the insect has become rather aban;'ant and promises to cause great injuries in the near future. Such is the case at Williamsville, Erie co., a small village on the edge of Buffalo. There is a row of about 50 trees a little way out anl on the main street, which are very badly infeste 1 by this Ijorer. . These trees are 25 or 30 years of age, still shapely and in fairly good condition, despite .the fact that several are beginning to show the operations of this insect. Eight years ago this row of trees appeared to be practically free from the pest, and it would not be surprising if, in the course of 5 to 10 years, many of these young maples were practically ruined by this attack. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 4I Experience has shown that it is comparatively easy to recognize the presence of this insect, particularly in late fall or early spring, at the time the young grubs have just commenced their operations. The point of entrance is then usually indicated by a slight scar from which sap may be oozing, and a short filament of borings dangling therefrom. Infested trees should be carefully examined for all such indications, the young borers removed and the wounds carefully covered with paint, tar or other protective material. A little time bestowed upon the trees in late fall or early spring should result in practical immunity from injury by this destructive borer. Miscellaneous White grubs (Lachnosterna fusca Frohl.) . This species and certain of its allies annually cause considerable damage to various growing crops. The occurrence of these destructive grubs in grass lands, strawberry beds, potato and cornfields and similar places, is a matter of common observation. The past sum- mer our attention was called to a unic|ue form of injury, in that these grubs had destroyed at the State nurseries located at Waw- beek, Franklin co., N. Y., some 2500 to 3000 one and two year old white and Scotch pine seedlings. This form of injury was also observed by State Forester C. R. Pettis in the nurseries located at Saranac Inn. State Forester E. S. Woodruff, who was at Wawbeek at the time of the trouble, informs the writer that one grub would destroy three or four seedlings before being detected. The first year seedlings were usually eaten off near the ground and the leaves apparently drawn down into the burrow and devoured sub- sequently. There are a number of records of young trees being injured by wdiite grubs, though this appears to be the first instance where this pest has been known to attack the roots of conifers. \"arious collections in this section of the country show that our most common species of Lachnosterna is L . fusca Frohl. It is by far the best represented of any in the State collections, and the extensive series of trap lanterns operated at Cornell University during 1889 and 1892 show that ^y/c of the June beetles captured were referable to this form. These insects are so familiar as to hardly necessitate description. The adult beetle is a little less than an inch in length, thick-bodied, broadly rounded at both extremities and usually a mahogany-brown color. The familiar white grub is well known as a stout, curved larva lying upon its side and com- monly found about the roots of grasses or in strawberry beds. The 42 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM life cycle of the June beetle extends over several years. The in- vestigations of Dr S. A. Forbes, State Entomologist of Illinois, who has given particular attention to these pests, show that the life cycle extends over a period of three years. He calls attention to the fact that the European M' e 1 o 1 o n t h a vulgaris Linn, completes its life cycle in three years if the season be moist and favorable, whereas under adverse dry conditions the period may be extended to four years, and adds that this European pest has a four year period in the north of Germany and a three year period in the south. He is inclined to believe that our American species may show similar variations in habit. He states tnat all of our more abundant species begin to transform to the pupa in June or July, changing to the beetle in August or September and then remain in the larval cell till the following March, April or May. This data goes to show that white grubs occurring in the earth later than the middle of September will not change to beetles that year, but under ordinary circumstances winter as grubs and continue their destructive work till the following June. This point is of particular importance to the owners of infested fields, since an examination of the land in the middle of September should enable them to deter- mine with reasonable accuracy the danger of injury by these pests the following year. It is well known that the adult beetles feed upon the foliage of a variety of trees, and there are a number of records showing severe injury, not only to forest trees but also to fruit trees, in which latter case the blossoms may be seriously dam- aged. Professor Forbes's observations show that the beetles remain in the grass fields during the day and that at about dusk there is a simultaneous movement of the beetles from the field to the forests, they returning again in very early morning, ordinarily before 4 a. m. Another species, known as the green June beetle or fig eater, Allorhina nitida Linn, deserves notice in this connection, because though southern in distribution, it occurs on Long Island, occasionally in great abundance. This grub closely resembles, in a general way, our ordinary white grub, except that it is somewhat more hairy and it may be readily distinguished from our more common species by its peculiar method of locomotion. These grubs, when moving, turn upon the back and progress in a peculiar un- dulating manner by successive contractions of the body segments. This larva, according to Dr Howard, unlike the northern forms, frequently emerges from its burrows at night and apparently is not very injurious to living plants, since it has been found to be excep- REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 43 tionally numerous in lawns that presented every appearance of being in excellent condition. The adult beetle is sometimes very abundant and destructive because of its devouring fruits such as apricots, peaches, figs, prunes, plums, apples and grapes. The June beetles have a number of natural enemies. One of the most important is probably the malodorous skunk, a mammal which, when left to itself, destroys countless numbers of the white grubs. Unfortunately, so far as the pest under consideration is concerned, this natural enemy is altogether too scarce. The racoon, the fox, moles and gophers are all credited with feeding upon these grubs. It is well known that the much maligned crow feeds upon the white grub and undoubtedly renders valuable services to the farmer in this way. Domestic fowls frequently follow the plow in search of these pests. This insect has a number of parasitic forms which prey upon it. There is a slender, jet-black, wasplike creature known as T i p h i a i n o r n a t a Say wdiich is a particularly effective check. This little insect enters the ground, and following along the burrows of the grub, stings its prey and deposits its egg upon the helpless grub. Another common parasite of the wdiite grub is O p h i o n b i f o V e o 1 a t u m Brulle. Professor Forbes has succeeded in demonstrating the parasitic habits of M a c r o p h t h a 1 m a d i s - j u n c t a , a small Tachinid which he has reared from the hrva. S p a r n o p o 1 i u s f u 1 v u s Wied. is also a parasite of this pest, while Pyrgota undata is exceptionally interesting because of its being parasitic upon the adult beetles. There are several fungous diseases which are useful in destroying insects, and Professor Forbes has conducted some experiments with certain of these forms for the purpose of testing their value under American conditions. A number of grubs were destroyed, but further work is necessary before this method can be recommended for use under ordinary field conditions. A most interesting fungus known as C o r d y c e p s r a v e n e 1 i i Berk., affects the white grub, growing from just behind its head and producing usually two long, greenish processes much resembling young seedlings ; later these become brownish. Affected specimens attract notice because of their peculiar appearance. Remedial and preventive measure's. White grubs are well known frequenters of grass lands, and it is obvious that considerable injury can be avoided by planting recently turned sod to some crop not likely to be damaged by these pests. Corn, for example, is much 44 NEW YORK STATE MITSEUM more likely to be affected if planted on sod than were it to follow clover, some small grain or even corn. Badly infested land can be cleared to a considerable extent by pasturing with hogs. Professor Forbes records one case of where a lO acre lot was pastured for 20 days with a lot of hogs, and at the end of that period there was a reduction of about 86^ in the number of grubs.. June beetles deposit their eggs by preference where there is a surface growth of vegetation, consequently cornfields kept free of weeds in June are much less attractive to the beetles than wee ly areas, hence clean cultivation may be considered an important factor in avoiding injury. Fall plowing is another measure which should be mentioned in connection with clean culture, since it is now well known that many of the pests in badly infested fiel :s can be destroyed in this manner, provided they are in their pupal cells. This treatment ap- pears to be fatal alike to pupae or recently transformed beetles. Owing to the triennial life cycle this measure would be most service- able the fall before the beetles are most abundant ; namely, at three year intervals. White grubs are occasionally found inflicting serious damage to cultivated crops such as strawberries. One of the best methods of fighting the pests under such conditions, if labor is not too expensive, is to simply dig out and destroy the grubs. A little experience will enable an intelligent man to go over a large field in a comparatively short time. White grubs in nursery beds, as noted above, may be fought in the same way, or if the insects are too abundant and the area too large, resort may be had to treatment with a kerosene emulsion. The standard formula should be diluted with about six parts of water and the ground on either side of the affected plants thoroughly wet with the preparation. This should preferably be done a little before a rain or else followed with a liberal watering with a hose. The latter application washes the insecticide down and brings it into contact with the grubs. This method has proved very successful in killing white grubs in lawns and should be equally effective in the nursery row. Some care should be exercised not to put too much of the mixture about the plants, as kerosene injudiciously used is very dangerous to plant life. Under certain conditions it may be advisable to take ad- vantage of the beetles swarming in trees at night, from which they may be jarred and destroyed in large numbers. Many are also attracted to lights and could be destroyed in trap lanterns, but ordinarily these two latter methods are not to be recommended for our conditions. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 45 Epizeuxis denticulaiis Harv. This species, kindly determined provisionally as this form by Dr Dyar of the United States National Museum, must have been unusually abundant in the vicinity of Palenville, N. Y., ju;iging from the report sent by Mrs Hiland Hill July 29, 1907. She states, in a communication written on that date, that hundreds of these relatively unknown moths were upon the walls of the kitchen and they were also very abundant about the barn and other outbuildings. They were so numerous that con- siderable apprehension was felt lest they might prove to be the dreaded brown tail moth. It is very probable, considering that the larva of the closely relate! E. lubricalis Geyer feeds upon grass, that the caterpillar of this species may have similar habits, though it is possible that it may subsist upon dried vegetation, as has been recorded of E . a emu la Hiibn. The evidence at hand would seem to favor the latter corxlusion, as the moths were ex- ceedingly abundant in the barn and buildings where there was pre- sumably a goodly supply of dried provender upon which the cater- pillars could subsist. Should such prove to be the case, this species must be classed with the much better known clover hay worm, Hypsopygia costalis Fabr. as a species liable to injure stored hay. This last named species is occasionally rather abundant about barns in New York State, though it is rarely that the insect becomes so numerous as to cause great injury. The moth under discussion has a wing spread of about i to 1.2 inches. It is a vari- able gray, white marked species closely related to E. 1 u b r i c a 1 i s Geyer, from which it may be separated, according to Dr Smith, by its dull, pale luteous ground color powdered wdth brown scales, and the blackish transverse lines. It is distinguished frc^m the pale fcrms of 1 u b r i c a 1 i s "by having the space between the median and transverse posterior line dark filled toward the inner margin, which gives the wing a quite characteristic appearance." Archips scrbiana Hiibn. This species, determined by Dr H. G. Dyar, of the United States National Museum, by comparison with specimens named by Lord Walsingham, was brought to Albany in April 1906 on Japanese maples imported direct from Japan. The young trees were kept in a greenhouse and as soon as it was learned that they were infested, measures were taken for the destruction of all the insects, and it is presumable that the species did not succeed in establishing itself in this section of the world. As there is danger of similar importations, this occurrence has been placed on record and a description of the adult and larva prepared. This 46 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM form is widely distributed in Europe, Asia and eastward to Japan. It has been recorded by Meyrick^ as common in England and cen- tral Europe. He states that the larvae feed on oak, birch, hazel etc., while Rouast- has recorded it as feeding upon pear, cherry and oak. The larvae drew the leaves of the Japanese maple together into an irregular, somewhat cornucopia-shaped mass in which they transformed to the pupa. The adult moth has a wing spread of 34 of an inch and the gen- eral plan of markings is somewhat similar to our native A r c h i p s argyrospila Vv^alk.. though the general color is much flarker. The antennae, head and thorax are a rather dark fulvous brown, particularly the latter. The forewings are a dark reddish brown and a light yellowish brown, with narrow, transverse purplish brown markings at the extremity. There is a variable dark brown stripe along the basal third of the costal margin, ending in a rather broad, oblique, dark re Idish brown and yellawish brown stripe extending nearly across the wing to the outer angle. There is a distinct semioval, dark brown mark on the distal third of the anterior margin, which latter is continued as an indistinct lighter, yellowish brown, tapering mark nearly to the posterior border of the wing. The basal third of the wing and the portion lyhig be- tween the oblique mark is a variable yellowish brown with inter- mixed purplish brown scales. The tip of the wdng, exceot that part shaded by the outer oblique line, is yellowish brown with the veins and a series of irregular, narrow, transverse lines mere or less distinctly marked by purplish scales. Hind wings dark pur- plish brown, fringe of both wings pale yellowish brown. Abdomen a variable yellowish, cr yellowish brown and posteriorly orna- mented with long tufts of yellowish brown scales. This moth differs from the native species at hand by its darker color in connection with the narrow, irregular, transverse lines on the outer portion of the wing. The larva is about i inch long. Head light amber, mouth parts darker; thoracic shield light amber, lateral and posterior margins dark brown or black. Body dark olivaceous, with a subdorsal row of distinct whitish tubercles, dorsal vessel slightly darker ; lateral ridge and ventral surface semitransparent, yellowish green. True legs black, prolegs whitish transparent. The caterpillar is sparsely clothed with fine, wdiitish hairs. Lateral and subventral tubercles inconspicuous, as they are concolorous with the paler portions of the larva. Some of the larvae are somewhat lighter, having lighter, subdorsal stripes, and in one smaller individual the dorsum is very little darker than the venter, with darker, indistinct, broken, sub- ^A Handbook of British Lepidoptera. 1895. p. 531. 2 1883 Catalogue des Chenilles Europennes Connues, p. 127. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 47 lateral stripes. Another larva, probably belonging to the same species though feeding upon a different maple, presented the follow- ing characteristics. Head light ambsr, mouth parts darker ; thoracic shield dark aniber with the lateral and posterior margins a dark green. Body a dark olivaceous green with conspicuous, whitish, round, subdorsal tubercles, these latter being large enough so as to suggest, in certain lights, a light, subdorsal stripe; lateral ridge and ventral surface yellowish transparent, tubercles thereon equally as prominent as those in the subdorsal region but less conspicuous, as they are unicolorous. True legs sooty transparent, black at the articulations, prolegs concolorous with the ventral surface. This larva is sparsely clothed with very long, slender, whitish hairs. Described from a single living specimen, which may prove to be a younger stage of the form characterized above. Birch leaf Bucculatrix (Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb.). This insect was extremely abundant in New York State during the fall of 1901, at which time a very considerable proportion of the birch foliage was thoroughly skeletonized. Its work in that year was observed througdiout the western two thirds of Massa- chusetts as well as in the eastern and northern parts of New York State. This species was present September 18, 1907, in large numbers at Arlington, Staten Island, where a considerable proportion of the birches had the leaves seriously affected. The insect appeared to be numerous over an extensive tract, many of the trees being well dotted with the characteristic, circular, white, pseudo cocoons of the larvae. None had constructed the peculiar ribbed, white co- coons in which the species hibernates. Leucobrephos brephoides Walker. The year of 1907 was made notable by Dr Theodore P. Bailey of Albany taking in April, two specimens of this rare species in St Lawrence county. Dr Bailey was fishing and his attention was attracted to these rapid flying moths hovering over some stones near a stream. The insect, kindly determined by Dr H. G. Dyar of the United States National Museum, is extremely rare in collections, not being represented by specimens' in either the National Museum or the New York State collections prior to this season. The moth [pi. 2, fig. i] has a wing spread of almost one inch, is dark brown, the forewings being marked with a broad, angulate, yellowish white subterminal line, while the hind wings bear an irregular, large, angulate, yellowish white blotch near the middle. The antennae of the male are pecti- nate while the body is thickly clothed with long, dark brown hairs. Dr James Fletcher of Canada records taking this species April 16 48 NEW YORK STATE Ml'SEUM in the Yukon territory and states that he has two specimens of the dark form taken in Labrador in 1894. The adults are quite active an 1 owing to their being abroad so early in the season may have been frequently overlooked by collectors. A close ally, B r e p h o s in fans Moschler, occurs in early spring in the vicinity of Albany and is quite dififerent from this circumpolar species, it being larger, with reddish brown tints, and on its hind wings a deep orange colored area, the latter curiously margained in the anal region by a triangular, dark brown area and with a small, oval, dark brown area near the discal^ell. Periodical cicada (T i b i c e n s e p t e n d e c i m Linn.) . The occurrence of the periodical cicada is of exceptional interest on account of the prolonged interval occurring between broods. The conditions on Staten Island appear to be unusually interesting. There was, it will be remembered, a large brood on Long Island in 1906 and one pupa was discovered on Staten Island by Mr William T. Davis and in June he heard an insect call at Richmond valley. This species was evidently numerous on Staten Island in 1907. This brood appears to have escaped notice prior to 1890, at which time Mr Davis found three pupal skins at New Brighton and an adult was seen by his sister on a tree trunk. A specimen was also observed by Mr Leng near the Moravian cemetery. The following observations upon the occurrence of this insect in 1907 are tran- scribed from Mv Davis's notes : From the records of 1890 it was to be supposed that some evidence of the small and scattered brood of the periodical cicada, now known as no. 15, would be found in 1907 on the island, and in the neighboring parts of New Jersey. On March 31st Mr Alanson Skinner gave me a Dupa that he had found under a stone at Woodrow. On June 22d I heard several 17-year cicadas singing in the trees at Woodrow and vicinity, and found two pupa skins on an apple tree on the farm of Mr Isaac Wort. Mr Wort had also heard the cicadas at various times, and he presented me with a pupa that he had found some time before my visit. The fol- lowing day a cicada was heard at Watchogue at the other end of the island. X-ater in the summer, while with Mr Henry Bird in the Close valley, we each found a pupa skin of the 17-year cicada. Mr Charles P. Benedict informs me that he found in June several pupa skins as well as fully developed cicadas at his "home on the Manor Road, West New Brighton. In New Jersey the 17-year cicada occurred at Westfield, Plain- field and Newfoundland. It will be seen from the foregoing that the individuals were qu'ts numerous and no doubt sufficiently so to insure the insect's appearance in 1924. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 49 The above records seem to establish beyond question the identity of a brood which has hitherto been ignored. The insects can hardly be considered as stragglers from the brood of the preceding year since they were more abundant in 1907. It is interesting in this connection to note that Mr Davis records the presence in 1892 of several cicadas at West New Brighton, Logan Springs and Ross- ville, and we therefore should expect some to appear in 1909, another year when the presence of the 17-year race has not been recorded. Furthermore, Mr Davis states that cicadas were fairly numerous June 11, 1S93, near Willow brook and later along Logan spring brook. Specimens were also taken at West New Brighton. These latter may be precursors of the large brood, number 2, due to appear in 191 1. 50 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST The following is a list of the principal publications of the Ento- mologist during the year 1907. Forty-one are given with title/ time of publication and a summary of the contents of each. Volume and page number are separated by a colon, the first superior figure gives the column and the second the exact place in the column in ninths: e. g. 71 -.(^(y^f^ means volume 71, page 969, column 2, in the seventh ninth, i. e. a little more than two thirds of the way down. Scurfy Scale. Country Gentleman, Oct. 18, 1906, 71:969-^ Spraying in early spring with a contact insecticide is advised for the scurfy scale, Chionaspis furfura Fitch. Celery Blight and Scale. Country Gentleman, Oct. 18, 1906, 71:971^5 ■ The San Jose scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst. is identified and thorough spraying with a lime-sulfur wash advised. Canker Worms in Orchard. Country Gentleman, Dec. 20, 1906, -Remedies discussed with special reference to banding materials, particu- larly "tree tanglefoot." SqtKTsh Bug. Country Gentleman, Dec. 27, 1906, 71:1208^^ This insect, Anasa tristis DeGeer, is identified and its life history and remedial measures briefly discussed. Tree Bands. Country Gentleman, Jan. 3, 1907, 72 :8^^ Brief discussion of banding materials with special reference to canker worms. New Species of Cecidomyiidae. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. no. 22d Report of the State Entomologist 1906. Separate, p. 1-53. 1907. Issued Jan. 30, 1907. Describes 179 new species. The Gipsy and Brown Tail Moths. Rural New Yorker, Feb. 2, 1907, 66:86 Summary statement of the injurious nature of Porthetria dispar Linn, and Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn, with special reference to the farmer and fruit grower. ^Titles are given as pul)lishcd and in some instances they have been changed or supplied by the editors of the various papers. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 51 Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees. New York State Mus. Mem. 8, 2 :333-877 Issued Feb. 25, 1907. Contents Insects of minor importance affecting forest trees (cnt'd) Fungous beetles 494 Natural enemies of bark borers 499 Leaf eaters affecting decidu- ous forest trees 506 Frequenters, usually injurious, of deciduous forest trees 588 Frequen;ers, usually beneficial, of deciduous forest trees. ..... 603 Plant galls and gall makers 615 Less destructive insects affect- ing evergreen or coniferous trees 648 Supplemental bibliographic and descriptive catalogue 701 Explanation of plates 757 Index 801 Enemies of evergreen or co- niferous trees 233 Work of bark borers in pine 333 Certain structures of scoly- tids 336 Borers 338, 341 Twig borers 339, 397 Ambrosia beetles 394 Leaf feeders 340, 413 Insects of minor importance affecting forest trees 426 Insects affecting deciduous trees 426 Borers in living or relatively sound wood or bark 426 Borers in dried, usually manufactured wood... 430, 483 Borers in decaying wood or species found under decay- ing bark 430, 484 Bark Louse. Country Gentleman, Apr. 4, 1907, 71 :336'^^ Methods of control for the apple bark louse or oyster scale, L e p i d 0 - s a p h e s u 1 m i Linn, discussed briefly. Gall Gnats or Cecidomyiidae. Canadian Entomologist, 39:143-44 Brief account of the group with special reference to methods of collecting. Fleas. Country Gentleman, Apr. 18, 1907, 72:384''^ Brief discussion of remedial measures with special reference to barns. White Grubs and Wire Worms. Country Gentleman, Apr. 25, 1907, 72:421" A summary discussion of the life history and habits of these pests with special reference to control measures. Scale and Plant Lice. Country Gentleman, Apr. 25, 1907, 72 •.421^'^ Brief economic notice of the scurfy scale, Chionaspis furfur a Fitch and of apple aphids. Protect the Trees. Albany Evening Journal, Apr. 25, 1907; New- York Tribune, Apr. 29, 1907; Poughkeepsie Eagle, Apr. 29, 1907; 52 NEW VOKK STATS MUSEUM Buffalo Courier, Apr. 29, 1907; Rocliester Democrat and Chroni- cle, ]\Iay 16, 1907, and a number of other papers. A warning notice respecting the elm leaf beetle, G a 1 e r u c e 1 1 a 1 u t e o ! a Miill. and the white marl-ced tussock moth, H e m e r 0 c a m p a 1 e u c o - stigma Abb. & Sm. Two Destructive Borers. Suburban Life, May 1907, 4:300^^ Brief general account of tlic sugar maple borer, P 1 a g i o n o t n s speciosus Say and the leopard moth. Z c u z e r a p y r i n a Fabr. White Marked Tussock Moth and Elm Leaf Beetle. (H e m e r o - campa leucostigma Abb. & Sm., Galerucella luteola Miill.) N. Y. State Mus. Bui. T09, Entomology 27. 1907. Issued May 10, p. 1-31, 8 pi. (2 colored). Contents Introduction 5 White marked tussock moth.... 6 Description 7 Life history and habits 7 . Food plants . . '. 8 Natural enemies 8 Remedies 8 Elm leaf beetle g Food plants 10 Distribution 10 Description 10 Life history 12 Natural enemies i.^ Remedial measures 13 Explanation of plates 15 Index 31 Gipsy and Brown Tail Moths. Country Gentleman, May 16, 1907, 72:483^1 A summarized discussion of the Massachusetts' report on work against these insects, (Porthetria dispar Linn., Euproctis chrysor- rhoea Linn.) during 1906. Report of the Committee on Entomology. N. Y. State Fruit Growers Ass'n Proc. 1907, p. 25-28 Notes and observations .on the yellow-necked apple tree caterpillar, Datana ministra Abb. & Sm., the red-humped apple tree caterpillar, Schizura concinna Abb. & Sm., the gipsy moth, Porthetria dispar Linn., the brown tail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea Linn., oriental slug caterpillar, Cnidocampa flavescens Walk., scurfy scale, Chionaspis furfura Fitch, San Jose scale, A s p i d - iotus perniciosus Comst., and the grape root worm, F i d i a viticida Walsh. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 • 53 Three Imported Pests. N. Y. State Fruit Growers Ass'n Proc. 1907, p. 144-49 A summarized discussion of the gipsy moth, Perth etria dispar Linn., the brown tail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoca Linn., and the oriental slug caterpillar, C n i d o c a m p a f 1 a v e s c e n s Walk. C e c i d o m y i a a c a r i v o r a n. sp. Entomological News, June 1907, 17 1242 Original description of Tjoth sexes and larva. Cecidomyiidae : A Statement. Canadian Entomologist, June 1907, 39:197-98 Summary statement of our plans and methods of work in this group. Two Common Orchard Scales. Country Gentleman, June 6, 1907, 72 :552ii Summary account with remedies, of the scurfy bark louse, Chionaspis f u r f u r a Fitch and the c.pple bark louse, L e p i d o s a p h e s u 1 m i Linn. Wheel Bugs. Country Gentleman, June 20, 1907, ^2 1593^^ Brief general notice of wheel bugs, Arilus cristatus Linn. Whale Oil Soap. Country Gentleman, June 27, 1907, 72 :6i82^ Observation on composition and preparation of this insecticide. Beet Leaf Miner. Country Gentleman, July 4, 1907, 72 :638-^ Brief economic account of the beet leaf miner, Pegomyia vicina Linfn. Apple Maggot or Railroad Worm. Country Gentleman, July 4, 1907, 72:640^° A brief general account of the apple maggot or railroad worm, R h a g o - 1 e t i s p o m o n e 1 1 a Walsh, with special reference to repressive measures. Shade Tree Protection. Albany Argus, July 7; Albany Evening Journal, July 8 ; Troy Times, July 8 ; Troy Press, July 8 ; Cohoes Dispatch, July 8; Glens Falls Times, July 9; Times Union (Albany), July 9; Mechanicville Mercury, July 13 Brief warning notice respecting the white marked tussock moth, Hem- erocampa leucostigma Abb. &: Sm. and the elm leaf beetle, Galerucella luteola Miill. Apple Plant Lice. Country Gentleman, July 11, 1907, 72:658^^ (^ Brief general economic notice of apple plant lice with special refer- ence to the rosy aphis. Aphis p o m i DeG. 54 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Mottled Willow Borer. Country Gentleman, July ii, 1907, •] 2 -.ddz)^'^ Brief general account cf tiic mettled willnv borer, Cryptorhyn- c h u s 1 a p a t h i Linn, with special reference to methods of contrt)l. 22d Report of the State Entomologist on the Injurious and Other Insects of the State of New York. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. no, Entomology 28, p. 37-186, pi. 1-3, 1905. Issued July 16, 1907. Contents Introduction 3<; Fruit tree insects 39 Shade tree problem 40 Gipsy and brown tail moths. . . 40 Aquatic insects 41 Gall midges 41 Publications 42 Collections 42 Office work 43 Nursery certificates 43 Voluntary observers 44 General 44 Notes for the year 45 Fruit insec'.s 45 Notes for the year (ccnti)iucd) Garden insects 53 Shade tree insects 54 Forest insects 5"^ Miscellaneous 5Q Voluntary entomological service. 65 List of publications of the Ento- mologist 6 ' Contributions to collection /'S Appendix 97 New species of Cecidomyiidae. . . 97 Addenda 14'J Explanation of plates 167 Index 173 The Elm Leaf Beetle. The Troy (N. Y.) Times, July 18, 1907 A summarized account of the elm leaf beetle, G a 1 e r u c e 1 1 a I u t e o 1 a Midi, with special reference to methods of control. Root Worms and Other Insects in Chautauqua Vineyards. Grape Belt (Dunkirk, N. Y.) July 19, 1907, p. i ; Jamestown Journal, July 19 A summary account of present conditions with special reference to the work of grape root worms, Fidia viticida Walsh. The Welfare of Our Shade Trees. Troy Times, Aug. 7, 1907; Albany Evening Journal, Aug. 7 ; Amsterdam Recorder, Aug. 10 ; Niagara Falls Journal, Aug. 12; Olean Times, Aug. 14, and several other papers A brief plea for the better proteciion 3f shade trees in cities and villages Bag Worm. Country Gentleman, Aug. 15, 1907, 72:758^*^ Brief general notice of the bag worm, T h y r i d o p t c r y x c p h e m e r - a e f o r m i s Haw. with special reference to control measures, Report of the state entomologist 1907 55 Sqnasli Borer. Country Gentleman, Aug. 22, 1907, ^2 778"^^ The employment of trap vines si:pplemenled by cutting out and destroying llie borers is ad\ised for the squasli borer, ]\I e 1 i t t i a s a t y r i n i f o r m i s Ilhbn. Horticulture: Diseases and Pests. N. Y. State Lib. Bui. 113. Legis. 33. 1907. p. 64-65 Issued Sept. 4, 1907. Review of leo-islation for 1906. Potato Bugs. Country Gentleman, Sept. 12, 1907, 72:861"^ Observations en the local abundance of potato beetles, Doryphora d c c i m 1 i n c a t a Say and the cfifect of paris green on potato blight. Bag Worms. Country Gentleman. Sept. 12, 1907, 72:861'*^ The habits of bag worms, T h y r i d 0 p t e r y x e p h c m c r a e f o r m i s Haw. are outlined and remedial measures briefly given. What Makes Plickory Galls. Gar.Ien Magazine, Oct. 1907, p. 154- 55 Erief life history of the hickory gall aphid. Phylloxera caryae- c a u 1 i s Fitch with discussion of remedial measures. Mole Cricket. Country Gentleman, Oct. 3, 1937, 72:928'^^ Brief general descriptive account of the mole cricket, Gryllotalpa b o r e a 1 i s Burm. Gipsy Moth (Porthetria d i s p a r Linn.) Report of the Commissioner for the Suppression of the Gipsy and Brown Tail Moths (R. L), 1906, p. 71-72 Suppression rather than extermination is ad\ocatcd where there is a large infested area. 56 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM COXTRIBUTIOXS TO COLLECTION OCT. 15, 1906-OCT. 14. 1907 Tlie following is a list of the more important additions to the collections. DONATION Hymenoptera S p h c X i c h n e u m o n e a I. inn., adult, Aug. 20, Miss Hazel C. Hil- ton, Old Chatham, N. Y. P e 1 e c i n u s p u 1 }- 1 u r a t o r Dru., adult, Sept. 5, L. F. Brown, Cobleskill, N. Y. A n d r i c u s s e m i n a t o r Harr., wool sower, gall on oak, June 10, from Washington, D. C. and A.? petiolicola Bass., oak leaf stalk gall, June 23, from East Orange, N. J.; both from Miss E. G. Mitchell, Washingtim, D. C. A . s i n g u 1 a r i s Bass., oak leaf apple gall on oak, June 17 ; R h o d i t e s bicolor Harr., spiny bullet gall on rose, June 17, from Shushan, N. Y., S. H. Burnham, Albany, N. Y. Coleoptera Xyleborus dispar Fabr., pear blight beetle, adult on peach, June 4, Virgil Bogue, Albion, N. Y. Lachnosterna? fusca Froh., jNIay beetle, larvae attacking roots of seedling pines, Aug. 19, C. R. Pettis, Lake Clear Junction, N. Y. Same, larvae on roots of evergreens, Aug. 2"], E. S. Woodruff, Wawbeek, N. Y. P 1 e s i o c i s c r i b r u m ? Casey, adult on Polyporus on spruce, May 21, from Woburn, Mass. C. H. Peck, Albany, N. Y. Acoptus suturalis Lee. ; P i a z u r u s o c u 1 a t u s Say ; C o n o t r a c h e 1 u s a n a g 1 y p t i c u s Say ; I p h t h i m u s o p a c u s I.ec; Oncideres cingulata Say ; Dorcus parallel us Say ; Cory m bites h a m a t u s Say; G e o p i n u s i n c r a s s a t u s Dej. ; D i c a e 1 u s d i 1 a t a t u s Say; N o t i o p h i 1 u s s i b i r i c u s Mots. ; C a 1 o s o m a externum Say; Carabus serratus Say ; Jan. 21, ;il! from R. F. Pearsall, Brooklyn, N. Y. Charles P. Alexander, Gloversville, N. Y. has contributed a number of species, some extremely desirable, in return for numerous identifications. Diptera O 1 f c r s i a a m e r i c a n a Leach, adult on barred owl, Oct. 25, D. W. Alcott, East Grecnbush, N. Y. A g r o m y z a a c n e i v e n t r i s Fall., larvae, Nov. 11, Miss C. H. Clarke, Boston, Mass. Trypeta bigeloviae Ckll., galls, June 2-j, from Florissant, Col. T. D. A. Cockerell, Boivlder, Col. A number of Cecidomyiid galls, L. H. Joutel, New York, N. Y. RErORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 57 A number of Cecidomyiidae, mostly bred species, Dr M. T. Thompson, ktely deceased, formerly of Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Cecidomyiid galls taken mostly in the vicinity of Magnolia, Mass., a few near Boston, Miss Cora H. Clarke, Boston, Mass. Numerous Cecidomyiidae, Owen Bryant, Cohasset, Mass. Cecidomyiid galls, mostly from the vicinity of Washington, Miss Evelyn G. Mitchell, Washington, D. C. Cecidomyiidae from Kansas and Texas, E. S. Tucker, Piano, Tex. Cecidomyiid galls and adults. Prof. T, D. A. Cockerell, Boulder, Col. Several Cecidomyiid galls, Dr James Fletcher, Central Experimental Farms, Ottawa, Can. Numerous Cecidomyiid galls. Prof. T. D. Jarvis, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ont. A number of Cecidomyiid galls, T. N. Willing, Regina, Sask., N. W. T. A number of Cecidomyiid galls and bred adults, Norman Criddle, Treesbank, Manitoba, Can. C e c i d o m y i a v e r r u c i c o 1 a O. S., linden leaf gall, galls on lin- den or basswood, Nov. 14, J. Howell, Highland Falls, N. Y. A s p h o n d y 1 i a c o n s p i c u a O. S., galls and larvae on R u d - b c c k i a 1 a c i n i a t a. Aug. 18, W. S. Fisher, High Spire, Pa. Neocerata rhodophaga Coq., adult and larvae, Dec. 8, Prof. S. A. Forbes, Urbana, 111. T a e n i o r h y n c h u s p e r t u r b a n s Walk., adults, July 30; 12 u c o r e t h r a u n d e r w o o d i Undw., larvae, Aug. 28, E. Channing Stowell, Dublin, N. H. C u 1 e X p i p i e n s Linn., house mosquito, adults, Sept. 23 ; C u 1 i - c a d a s o 1 1 i c i t a n s Walk., salt marsh mosquito, adults, Aug. 3, D. T. Marshall, Hollis, L. I., N. Y. Tipulidae, several species; Pediscia albivitta Walk.; X y 1 o t a V e c o r s O. S., Jan. 21, R. F. Pearsall, Brooklyn, N. Y. Lepidoptera Hill Collection This is an exceptionally valuable addition to the State collections, consisting of some io,ooo specimens, representing approximately 3000 species. It is in excellent condition and was donated by Erastus D. Hill, Carrie J. Hill Van Vleck and William W. Hill, heirs of the late William W. Hill of Albany, N. Y. The catalogue of this collection is given in the appendix." Attacus atlas Linn., adult, Sept. 17, A. J. Booth, Manila, P. L ■ A n i s o t a r u b i c u n d a Fabr., green striped maple worm, on maple, Aug. 12; Heterocampa guttivitta Walk., on maple, Aug. 12, F. J, Greene, Centre Berlin, N. Y. ; the same, Aug. 22, W. A. Stearns, Centre Berlin, N. Y. Epizeuxis denticulalis Harv., adult, July 31, Mrs Alex. Hiland Hill, Palenville, N. Y. E n n o m o s s u b s i g n a r i u s Hiibn., snow-white linden moth, adults, Sept. 9, J. M. Chew, Newburgh, N. Y. 58 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Leucobrephos breplioides Walk., adult, April, from St Lawrence county, Dr T. P. Bailey, Albany, N. Y. P h o b e t r o n p i t h e c i u m Abb. & Sm., hag moth caterpillar, larva on maple, Sept. 17, W. E. Lackay, Rensselaer, N. Y. Z e u z e r a p y r i n a Fabr., leopard moth, on apple, Oct. 30, S. B. Huested, Blauvelt, N. Y. E u c o s m a s c u d d e r i a n a Clem., larva on solidago, Feb. 27, C. P. Alexander, Gloversville, N. Y. A n c y 1 u s n u b e c u 1 a n a Clem., apple leaf folder, larvae on apple, Sept. 17, C. E. Eldridge, Leon, N. Y. M o m p h a b r e v i v i t t e 1 1 a Clem, and M. e 1 o i s e 1 1 a Clem., adults on Oenothera g r a n d i f 1 o r a , Oct. 16, Miss A. A. Knox, New York, N. Y. Philopsia nivigerata \\*alk. ; E u c h o e c a e x h u m a t a Pears. CO. typ. ; M c s o 1 c u c a i m m a n a t a Haw. ; Petrophora fluctuata Linn. ; Orthofidonia exornata ^^'alk. ; S i c y a ui a c u 1 a r i a Harr. ; Therina endropiaria Walk. ; P 1 a g o d i s serinaria H-S; P. ph logos aria Guen., Jan. 21, from Indian valley, Catskill mountains; all from R. F. Pearsall, Brooklyn, N. Y. Hemiptera Phylloxera carj-aecaulis Fitch, hickory gall aphid, galls on hickory. May 27, Mrs Milton Barger, St Lawrence county, N. Y. Empoasca mali LeB., apple leaf hopper, adult on apple, July i, C. W. Hagen, Sparrowbush, N. Y. M y z u s c e r a s i Fabr., cherry aphis, adults on cherry, July 12, G. S. Kidder, Port Henry, N. Y. Nectarophora pisi Kalt., pea aphid, adults on peas, July 13, F. E. Guyett, Rensselaer, N. Y. Chermes pinicorticis Fitch, pine bark aphis on pine, Apr. 30, C. D. Howe, Pisgah Forest, N. C. P h o e n i c o c o c c u s m a r 1 a 1 1 i Ckll., on date palm, ]\Iar. 30, from Tanpe, Ariz.; Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, Boulder, Col. Aspidiotus forbesi John., cherry scale, adults on basswood, Apr. 25, Dr James Fletcher, Central Experimental Farms, Ottawa, Can. A . o s t r e a e f o r m i s Curtis, European fruit scale, adults and young on plum. May 8, R. Wohlers, Williamsville,. N. Y. A . p e r n i c i o s u s Comst., San Jose scale on apple, Apr. 15, N. J. Courtney, Cornwall-on-Hudson, N. Y. Same, adults on currant. May 30, D. D. Stone, Oswego, N. Y. Aulacaspis rosae Bouche, rose scale, adults and larvae on raspberrj'. Mar. 29, C. H. Peck, Albany, N. Y. Chionaspis pinifoliae Fitch, pine leaf scale, eggs on pine, Nov. 9, Isaac Hicks & Son, Westbury Station, N. Y. Gossyparia spuria Mod., elm bark louse, females on elm, June 15, Mrs Douglas Merritt, Rhinebeck, N. Y. Orthoptera Nyctobora holosericia Klug., giant cockroach, adult, July i, from Albany, N. Y. C. E. Fairman, Lyndonville, N. Y. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9O7 . 59 Mallophaga D o c o p li o r u s syrnii Pack.?, adult on barred owl, Oct. 25, D. W. Alcott, East Greenbush, N. Y. Docophrus syrnii? Pack, on barred owl, Nov. 13; H ae ma- topi n us antennatus ? Osb. on gray squirrel, Nov. 8 ; L i p e u r u s baculus Nitzsch on pigeon, Nov. 4; Lipeurus sp. on Gadwall duck, Nov. 4; Goniocotes com par Nitzsch on pigeon, _ Nov. 4; Trinoton 1 u r i d u m Nitzsch on Gadwall, Oct. 30; same, on duck, Nov. 8; same. Burrow's golden-eye; all from G. H. Chadwick. Corrodentia A t r o p o s d i V i n a t o r i a Fabr., book louse, adult, Oct. 30, Emil Voelckel, Wakefield, New York, N. Y. P s o c u s V e n o s u s P)urm., adult on decayed vegetable matter, Aug. 24, from Washington, Conn. Mrs Edwin H. Mairs, I'rvington-on- Hudson, N. Y. EXCHANGE Diptera Johnson, Pn if. C. W., Boston, Mass. Neaspilota achilleae Johns., N. a 1 b i d i p e n n i s Lcew, N. v e r n o n i a e Loew, T r y - peta palposa Loew, S t e n o m y i a tenuis Loew, Chaetop- s i s a p i c a 1 i s Johns., Te tan ops luridipennis Loew, M e 1 i - e r i a o b s c u r i c o r n i s Loew, Rive Ilia brevifasciata Johns., R. quadrifasciata ALicq., Thelaira leucozona Panz., Paraprosena apicalis Desv., E c h i n o m y i a f 1 o r u m Walk., Opsidia gonioides Coq., Chaetoplagia atri- p e n n i s Coq., S t u r m i a n i g r i t a Town., Epigrymyia polita Town., A c t i a p i 1 i p e n n i s Fall., Trichopoda plumipes Fabr., A 1 o p h o r a a e n e o v e n t r i s Will., Hydrophorus eldo- r a d e n s i s Wheeler, H. viridiflos Walk., Neurigona lat- eralis Say, A g o n o s o m a u n i f a s c i a t u m Say ( b i c o 1 o r • Loew) , P s i 1 o p o d i n u s c o m a t u s Loew, M a 1 1 o p h o r a o r - cina Wied., Erax macula tus Alacq. (= lateralis ^Nlacq.), L a p h r i a c a n i s Will., I^ . s e r i c e a Say, A t o m o s i a p u e 1 1 a Wied., A. sayii Johns., Cerotainia macrocera Say, Nico- cles pictus Loew, Deromyia pi a typtera Loew, S t i c h o - p o g o n a r g e n t e u s Say, H o 1 o p o g o n g u 1 1 u 1 a Wied., H o 1 - cocephala calva Loew, Lasiopogon terricola Johns., Cyrtopogon lutatius Walk., P s i 1 o c u r u s n u d i u s c u 1 u s Loew, Laphystia sexfasciata Say, Leptogaster an- nul a t u s Say, L . p i c t i p e s Loew, Geron calvus Loew, G . s i g m a Coq., Systoechus solitus Walk., Anthrax c e y X Loew, A . e d i t i t i a Say, A . 1 u c i f e r Fabr., E x o p r o - sopa eremita O. S., Tabanus fuscopunctatus Macq., T. recedens Walk., T . s p a r u s W^iitney, Chrysops nigri- limbo Whitne^^ Melander, Prof. A. L., Pullman, Wash. C a e n i a s p i n o s a Loew, Parydra q u a d r i t u b e r c u 1 a t a Loew, P. limpidipennis 6o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Loew, H y d r e 1 1 i a li y p o 1 c u c a Loew, P a r a 1 i m n a a p p e n d i - c u r a t a Loew, Tephritis variabilis Doane, T . f i n a 1 i s Loew, E n s i n a h u m i 1 i s Loew, Sp'ilographa diffusa Snow, S e p e d on a r m i p e s Loew, Tetanocera plumosa Loew, T. pallida Loew, S c i o m y z a p u b e r a Loew, S . nana Fall., S . h u m i 1 i s Loew, C r i o r h i n a s c i t u 1 a Will., X y 1 o t a f 1 a V i t i b i a Bigot, Eris talis temporalis Thorn., E. 0 c c i d e'n talis Will., E. bastardii Macq., Volucella esuri- e n s Fabr., M e s o g r a m m a b o s c i i Macq., Syrphus diver- s i p e s Macq., P 1 a t y c h i r u s c h a e t o p o d u s Will., C h r y s o - g a s t e r stigmata Will., C. lata Loew, C h r y s o t o x u m d e - 1 i V a t n m Walk. Orthoptera Britten, Dr W. E., New Haven, Conn. S p h a r a g e m o n b o 1 i i Scud., S . s a X a t i 1 e INIorse, Psinidia fenestralis Serv., S c i r t e t i c a m a r m o r a t a Harr., Paroxya floridana Thorn., Orphulella spcciosa Scud., O . p e 1 i d n a Burm. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 6l Appendix JS. LIST OF THE WILLIAM W. HILL COLLECTION OF LEPIDOPTERA This extremely valuable addition to the State collections was received through the generosity of Erastus D. Hill, Carrie J. Hill Van Vleck and William W. Hill, heirs of the late William W. Hill, who desired that the father's work should be maintained as a permanent memorial of his labors in entomology. This collection, consisting of some 10,000 species and representing over 3000 species, is in excellent condition. The Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Hesperidae, Sphingidae and Noctuidae are particularly well repre- sented. The condition of Mr Hill's collection, and the manuscript catalogue of the same, bears evidence of extreme care. Mr Hill published privately a List of Lepidoptcra Captured dur- ing 1875 and i8'/6 in the Vicinity of Albany and in the Adirondack Mountains of A'cic York as a small folder, and the late Dr J. A. Lintner^ gave several more extended lists with dates of the Lepidoptera taken by Mr Hill in the Adirondack region. It is most fitting in this connection that some further record be given of Mr Hill's work and the following notice^ by Dr J. B. Smith, now State Entomologist of New Jersey gives a sympathetic accouut of his life : At Elizabethtown, Essex county, N. Y., on January 28th, 1888, died William W. Hill of Albany, N. Y. This news will sadden all who in any way have known Mr Hill during his lifetime, and among entomologists there are few who do not know him or his work. Mr Hill wjis born September 19th, 1833, at Pittsfield, Mass., but removed to Albany early in life, and entered the business house of Nathaniel Wright, dealer in saddler's hardware, at the age of fifteen. At the age of twenty he became a partner in the firm of Nathaniel Wright & Co., and on the death of the senior member of the firm, the business was continued under the firm name of 1 1878 Ent. Contributions, 4:29-42. 1880 Top. Sur. Adirondack Region N. Y. 7th Rept, p. 375-400. i8qi State Land Sur. Ren't, p. 191-220. = 1888 Smith, J. P>. Entomol-igica Americana, 3:^35-36- 62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Woodward & Hill, of which firm he remained an active member up to the time of his death. On April 9th, 1855, he married Miss Jane Woodward of Albany who survives him. He also leaves surviving him three sons and one daughter. J\lr Hill had a common school education ; but con- tinued his studies after entering business and was an exceedingly well informed mail and agreeable companion. Always fond of outdoor life and an admirer of nature, he was an ardent fisherman and of late years spent a part of each summer in the North Woods or in the Adirondacks^ — combining this sport with his study of nature. For many years he was more especially interested in botany and made large collections of plants. In 1875 he became more especially interested in insects, and collected persistently, carefully and sys- tematically— with what success all Lepidopterists. know. Though more particularly a Lepidopterist he collected also in other orders, to obtain a representation of local species. With Messrs Bailey, Lintner and Meske he made excursions in the vicinity of Albany and finally Centre [now Karner"] was hit upon, as an extraordi- narily productive locality and here collecting was carried on with such vim and persistency that the place became known as " Butter- fly station." Enormcus quantities of " sugar " were prepared and used, and thousands of moths paid the penalty. During his visits to the Adirondacks Mr Hill not only sugared persistently, but every available room was lit up and windows were left open to attract the unwary night flyers. In an unexplored field like the Adiron- cacks the result was most gratifying, and many previously unknown forms were discovered — the types of which are all in his collection. With such a cjuantity of material, exchanging was very productive and the collection rapidly increased. It was his boast that he never bought an insect, •j^et the collection contains rarities from all sources, the products of exchanges. He was extremely systematic in the arrangement and care of his collection, every species bear- ii:g a number — or rather two numbers — one sex an even, the other an odd number. Every species was registered, and the duplicates were all noted, so that it was only necessary to refer to the proper book and the exact number of specimens on hand was at once apparent. In addition to this he was very careful i-i labeling his insects, every specimen containing the exact locality, date of capture and whether at light or at sugar. The collection is therefore valuable, not only -as an accumulation of material, but as an accumulation of facts, of great value in fixing dates, distribution and number of broods. The work required for all this w^as of course enormous, and can be appreciated only by those who have attempted anything similar. Mr Hill was not a describer, his only contributions to the litera- ture l)eing in the line of faunal lists in which dates and localities were carefully noted ; but though not a writer, he was a careful REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 63 observer, and his intention was, when sufficient material was ac- cumulated to study some of the Heterocerous families systemati- cally. This intention was unhappily prostrated by his untimely death. In September last he began to break down, and his phy- sicians decided that the trouble was consumption. His death was quite unexpected and an autopsy revealed a cancer on the lungs as the true ailment. His death is a positive loss to entomology, removing from our midst an active worker whom it will be difficult to replace. For the reasons stated his collection is peculiarly valu- able, and it is to be hoped that it will not be lost. No testa- mentary disposition was made, but his expressed wish was that it should be disposed of in its entirety. The National Museum would be an excellent and appropriate place for it. Mr Hill was president of the Albany Fly-Casters Association ; chairman of the executive committee of Eastern New York Fish and Game Protective Association; life member of the Albany Young Men's Association; member of the Albany Institute; of the Old Guard, Albany Zouave Cadets; Masters Lodge F. & A. M., and a vestryman of St Paul's Episcopal Church. None of his children have inherited his taste for entomology. An attempt has been made in the following list to give the synonymy and arrangement of Dyar's list. This has been com- paratively easy so far as our native forms are concerned. The presence of numerous exotic forms from widely separated parts of the world increased greatly the labor of making the list and interpolating them in their proper places. It is hoped, however, that no serious errors have been committed. This list has been prepared largely by assistants in this office, assistant D. B. Young being mostly responsible for the synonymy and arrangement. The names in parenthesis are those used by Mr Hill. The locali- ties from wdiich the specimens came are also indicated. Parnassius clodius Mciic. Kansas P. smintheus Doiib. Kansas P. smintheus var. behrii Edzv. Colo rado P. dclius Esp. (pliocbus Fabr.) Europe P. apollo Linii. Europe P. apollo var. hcsebolus Nordm. Eu rope P. mnemosyne Linn. Europe P. stubbendorfii Mcnc. Altai mts Parnassiidae Eurycus cressida Fabr. New South Wales Thais cerisyi Godt. Asia T. polyxena Scliiff. Hungary T. polyxena var. cassandra Hiibn Europe T. rumina Linn. var. medesicaste Hi Savoy Doritis apollinus Hbst. Europe Callosune eupompe King. Abyssinia 64 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Papilionidae Iphidicles (Papilio) ajax Liiui. At- lantic States I. ajax var. telamonidcs Fcld. Ohio I. ajax var. marqellus Boisd. & Lcc. Ohio Papilio daunus Boisd. Arizona P. eurymedon Boisd. California P. rutulus Boisd. California P. rutulus Boisd. var. arizoncnsis. Arizona P. glaucus Liini. var. turnus Linn. New York, Ohio P. palamedes Dm. Florida P. troilus Linn. United States P. thoas Linn. Brazil, Oliio, lUinoas P. thoas var. cinj-ras Mcnc. Amazon river P. zolicaon Boisd. Pacific States, Rocky mts P. indra Reak. California P. polyxenes Fabr. (asterius Cram.)- United States P. andraemon Hiibn. Cuba P. echelus Hbst. Bogota P. dardanus Fab. Rio de Jaiieiro P. androgeos Cram. (polycaon Cram.). Amazon river P. perrhebus Boisd. Paraguay P. areas Cram. var. zenares Fcld. (erithalion KolL). Bogota P. pausanias Hcic. Brazil P. sesostris Cram. Bogota P. vcrtumnus Cram. Bogota P. vcrtumnus z'ar. cutora Gray. Bogota P. vertiunnus var. alyattis Fcld. Bogota P. americus KoU. Bogota P. thj-astes Dru. Peru P. calliste Bates. Amazon river P. protesilaus Linn. Bogota P. protesilaus var. telesilaus Fcld. Bogota P. dolicaon Cram. Venezuela P. Columbus Hczv. Bogota P. lycimenes Boisd. South America P. nephalion Godf. South America P. anchiscs Linn. Brazil P. podalirius Linn. Eurcp; P. podalirius var. feisthamclii Dup. Eur^^pe P. aloxanor Esp. Europe P. machaon Linn. Europe P. machaon var. mandchcurie Linn. China P. polytes Linn. China P. eritheonius Cram. China P. xutlnis Linn. China P. clytia /,;;/;;. zvr. dissimilis Linn. China P. aristolochiae Fabr. (diphilus Esf.). Ceylon P. hector Linii. Asia P. rhetenor Jf'cstn: India P. paris Linn. Himalaya P. aristolochiae Fabr. (diphilus Esp.). Ceylon P. eurypylus Linn. Asia P. eurypylus Linn. var. lycaon U'cstzv. New South Wales P. (aegeus Don.). Queensland P. sarpedon Linn. Queensland P. anactus Mad. Queensland P. capaneus JVcstzi.'. Queensland P. polydorus Linn. Australia P. priamus Linn. var. richmondia Gray. Australia P. pompeus Cram. z'ar. minos Cram. Sumatra . P. demoleus Linn. Africa P. severus Cram. ]\Iadagascar P. policencs Cram. Africa P. cyproeafile Bufl. Africa P. zalmoxis Hczv. Africa P. merope Cram. West Africa P. nireus Linn. Zanzibar Iliades (Papilio) agenor Lm«. China Zetides (Papilio) agamemnon Linn. China Laertias (Papilio) philcnor Linn. New York Ithobalus (Papilio) polydamas Linn. Paraguay REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 65 Archonias philoscia fcld. Bogota A. sisamnus Fabr. New Grenada Dismorphia nemesis Latr. South America D. medora Doiibl. Brazil D. eumelia Cram. Brazil Hesperocharis marchalii Guer. Peru Neophasia menapia Feld. California Tachyris libythea Fabr. Ceylon T. enarete Boisd. China T. ega Boisd. New South Wales Daptonoura lycimnia Cram. var. aelia Feld. Peru D. ilaire Godt. Brazil Delias descombesi Boisd. India D. nigrina Fabr. Philippines D. hierte Hilbn. China D. eucharis Dm. India D. hyparete Linn. Australia D. agostina Hew. India Prioneris autothisbe Hiibn. Java P. clemanthee Douhl. India Perrhybris pyrrha Fabr. Brazil P. demophile Linn. South America P. phaloe Godt. Brazil Eronia cleodora Hiibn. Abyssinia Pontia (Pieris) monuste Linn. Florida P. (Pieris) beckeri Ediv. Nevada P. (Pieris) sisymbri Boisd. Cali- fornia P. (Pieris) occidentalis Reak. Cali- fornia P. (Pieris) protodice Boisd. var. vernalis Ediu. Kansas P. (Pieris) napi Linn. Europe, Cali- fornia P. napi var. napaeae Esp. Europe P. napi var. bryoniae Och. Europe P. napi var. virginiensis Edtu. On- tario P. napi var. oleracca Harr. New York P. napi var. pallida Scudd. Califor- nia P. (Pieris) rapae Linn. Europe, United States P. rapae var. orientalis Fabr. Asia 3 Pieridae Pieris aulodicc Hiibn. Brazil P. callidice Esp. Europe P. mesentina Cram. India P. elodia Boisd. Mexico P. monuste Linn. var. orseis Godt. Brazil P. monuste Linn. var. albusta Sepp. Surinam P. pylotis Godt. Bogota P. buniae Hiibn. Brazil P. menada Boisd. Paraguay P. brassicae Linn. Europe P. daplidice Linn. Europe P. daplidice var. bellidice Linn. Europe P. nerissa Fabr. var. pliryne Fabr. Ceylon P. teutonia Fabr. New South Wales, Australia P. Java Sparrm. Queensland Aporia (Pieris) crataegi Linn. Eu- rope Nathalis iole Boisd. Kansas N. plauta Doubl. Bogota Zegris eupheme Esp. Russia Leptidia (Leucophasia) sinapis Linn. Europe Synchloe (Anthocharis) creusa Doubl. df Hezv. California S. (Zegris) olympia Ediv. Arizona S. (Anthocharis) ausonidcs Boisd. Colorado S. (Anthocharis) ausonides var. coloradensis Hy. Edzu. Colorado S. (Anthocharis) lanccolata Boisd. California S. (Anthocharis) ccthura Feld. Cali- fornia S. (Anthocharis) genutia Fabr. Georgia S. (Anthocharis) sara Boisd. Cali- fornia S. (Anthocharis) reakirtii Ediv. Oregon Euchloe (Anthocharis) ansonia Hiibn. var. belia Cram. South Africa, Spain 66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Euchloe (Anthocharis) cardamines Linn. Europe E. (Anthocharis) gruneri Hcrr- Schacf. Asia E. (Anthocharis) tagis Hitbn. var. bellizina Boisd. France E. (Anthocharis) euphenoides Stcgr. Europe E. (Anthocharis) belemia Esp. Europe E. (Anthocharis) belemia var. glauce Hiibn. Spain Idmais fausta Oliv. India Callidryas (Catopsilia) philea Linn. Bogota C. cubule Linn. Georgia, Texas Aphrissa (Catopsilia) statira Cram. Brazil Phoebis (Catopsilia cipris Cram.) argante Fahr. Bolivia P. (Catopsilia) agarithe Boisd. Bo- gota Catopsilia trite Linn. Central America C. menippe Hiibn. Bogota C. crocale Cram. China C. florella Fabr. Africa C. pomona Fabr. Australia C. pyranthe Linn. New South Wales Gonepteryx macsula Fabr. Brazil G. rhamni Linn. Russia G. (Rhodocera) clcopatra Linn. Dalmatia Kricogonia lyside Godt. Texas, West Indies K. fantasia Butl. Texas Zerene (Colias) eurydicc Boisd. California Z. (Colias) caesonia Sioll. Wiscon- sin, Texas, Colorado Eurymus (Colias) meadii Edzv. Colorado E. (Colias) curythemc Boisd. Texas, California E. eurytheme z'ar. ariadne Edzv. Arizona E. (Colias hagenii Edzv.) var. eriphyle Edzv. Wyoming, British Columbia E. (Colias) philodice Godt. New York E. (Colias chrysomelas Edzv.) oc- cidentalis Scudd. California E. (Colias) Christina Edzv. Britisli America E. (Colias) alexandra Edzv. Colo- rado E. alexandra z'or. edwardsii Bclir. Colorado E. (Colias) scudderi Rcak. Rocky mts E. (Colias) pelidne 5o.'^rf. Labrador E. (Colias) nastes Boisd. Labrador E. (Colias) behrii Ediv. California Htbenicia glaucippe Linn. var. cclj- bensis Wall. Celebes Colias pyrrothea Hiib)i. Chili C. dimera Dcubl. Bogota C. cdrsa Fabr. (crcccus Four.). Europe C. phicomone Esp. Europe C. hyalc Linn. Europe C. hyalc z'ar. sareptensis StaitJ. Europe C. hccla Lcf. Lapland C. crate Esp. Russia C. palacno Linn. Russia C. chrysotheme Esp. Europe, Sibjria C. ficldii Mcnc. Himalaya mts C. myrmidone Esp. Europe C. ehctra Linn. Cape Good Hope Pyrisila (Terias) gundlachia Pocy. Texas, Cuba P. (Terias) proterpia Fabr. Texas, Brazil P. (Terias mexicana Boisd. Cali- fornia, Kansas Eurema (Terias) nicippe Cram. Nebraska, Kansas, New York E. (Terias lisa Boisd. & Lcc.) euterpe Mcnc. Florida, Texas E. euterpe Mcne var. alba Strcck. (Colias eurytheme Boisd. var. alba St reck.). California E. (Terias) delia Cram. Florida E. (Terias) elathea Cram. E. (Terias) jucunda Boisd. & Lcc. Florida E. bulaea Boisd. Cuba REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 67 Eurema palmyra Poey. Cuba E. (Terias) aequatorialis Fcld. Brazil E. gangamela Feld. Peru E. (Terias) nice Cram. South America E. (Terias) stygma Boisd. var. stygmula Boisd. Central America E. (Terias) agave Cram. South America E. hecabe Linn. China E. (Terias) brigitta Cram. var. drona Horsf. India E. brigitta var. pulchella Boisd. Africa E. mandarina De L. Japan Nymphalidae Colaenis dido Linn. Brazil C. phaerusa Linn. Brazil C. Julia Fabr. Brazil C. Julia var. delila Fabr. Brazil Agraulis (Dione) vanillae Linn. Florida Dione juno Cram. Bogota D. moneta Hiibn. Bolivia Cethosia cyane Dru. Cochin China Clothilda numida Hiibn. Cuba Cirrochroa aoris Doubl. India Pyrameis (Cynthia) arsinoe Cram. Australia Euptoieta claudia Cram. Kansas, Texas, Tennessee E. hegesia Cram. Brazil Semnopsyche (Argynnis) diana Cram. Georgia Speyeria (Argynnis) idalia Dru. United States Argynnis nokomis Edzv. Arizona A. leto Behr. Western United States A. cybele Fabr. United States A. aphrodite Fabr. United States A. aphrodite Fabr. var. alcestis Edw. United States A. atlantis Edzv. United States A. electa Edw. Utah, Colorado A. hesperis Edzv. Colorado A. bremnerii Edzjv. Pacific States A. zerene Boisd. California A. monticola Behr. California A. monticola Behr. var. purpurascens Hy. Edzv. California A. halcyone Edzv. Rocky mts A. coronis Behr. California A. callippe Boisd. California A. nevadensis Edzv. Nevada A. edwardsii Reak. Colorado A. chitone Edzv. Nevada A. liliana Hy. Edzv. California A. rupestris Behr. var. irene Boisd. California A. adiaste Behr. (adiante Boisd.). California A. eurynome Edzv. Colorado, Wis- consin A. eurynome Edzv. var. arge Streck. California A. montivaga Behr. A. (montivaga) aphirape Hiibn. Europe A. (montivaga) aphirape var. triclaris Hiibn. Europe, Labrador A. (montivaga) aphirape var. baetica Rbr. Europe A. selene Schiff. Europe A. euphrosyne Linn. Europe A. pales Schiff. Europe A. pales var. lapponica Stegr. Eu- rope A. thore Hiibn. Europe A. dia Linn. Hungary A. amathusia Esp. Germany A. hecate Esp. Europe A. ino Rott. Russia, Europe A. daphne Schiff. Europe A. lathonia Linn. Europe A. aglaja Linn. Europe A. niobe Linn. Europe A. niobe var. eris Meig. Europe A. adippe Linn. Europe A. sagana Doubl. Amoorland A. paphia Linn. Europe A. pandora Schiff. Europe A. niphe Linn. Java Brenthis myrina Cram. United States 68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Brenthis (Argynnis) Helena Edw. Colorado B. (Argynnis) chariclea Schneider. Europe B. (Argynnis) polaris Boisd. Nor- way, Labrador B. (Argynnis) frigga Thunb. Europe B. (Argynnis) bellona Fabr. New York, Ohio B. (Argynnis) epithore Boisd. Nevada, Oregon Apatura (Hypolimnas) misippus Linn. Queensland Hypolimnas bolina Linn, (lasinassa Cram.). China H. salmacis Dru. Madagascar H. alimena Linn. Queensland H. anthedon Doubl. Cape Good Hope Euphydryas (Melitaea) phaeton Dru. New York Lemonias (Melitaea) cooperi Behr. Colorado, Washington L. (Melitaea) chalcedon Doubl. California L. (Melitaea) colon Edzv. Washing- ton L. (Melitaea) anicia Doubl. & Hezv. Nevada L. (Melitaea) nubigena Behr. Colo- rado L. (Melitaea) baroni Hy. Edzv. Nevada L. (Melitaea) rubicunda Hy. Edzv. Oregon L. (Melitaea) editha Boisd. Cali- fornia L. (Melitaea) acastus Edzv. Arizona L. (Melitaea) palla Boisd. Cali- fornia L. (Melitaea) whitneyii Behr. Colo- rado L. (Melitaea) hoffmanni Behr. Cali- fornia L. (Melitaea) gabbii Behr. Cali- fornia Cinclidia (Melitaea) harrisii Scudd. Maine C. (Melitaea) perse Edzv. Arizona C. (Melitaea) chara Edw. Arizona Thessalia (Melitaea) leanira Boisd. California T. theona Mcnc. (Melitaea fulvia Edzv.). Rio Grande Schoenis (Melitaea) minuta Edzv. Colorado S. (Melitaea) nynipha Edzv. Ari- zona Melitaea cynthia Hiibit. Schwerin M. maturna Linn. Europe M. aurinia Rott. Europe M. aurinia z'ar. sareptana Stegr. Siberia M. aurinia Z'ar. merope Prun. Schwerin, Dalmatia M. desfontainii Godt. Spain, Russia M. desfontainii Godt. var. baetica Rbr. Europe M. cinxia Linn. Europe M. aetherie Hiibn. Europe M. didyma Esp. Europe M. trivia Schiff. Europe M. trivia var. fascelis Esp. Europe M. athalia Rott. Europe M. aurelia Nick. Thuringia M. parthenie Bkh. Europe M. parthenie z'or. varia Meyer. Europe M. dictynna Esp. Europe M. asteria Err. Schwerin, Hungary Charidryas (Phyciodes) nycteis Doubl. & Hezv. New York C ismeria Boisd. (Phyciodes carlota Reak.). Arizona Phyciodes phaon Edzv. Florida P. tharos Drury (var. marcia Edzv.). Ohio, New York P. tharos var. morpheus Fabr. New York P. batesii Reak. New York P. pratensis Behr. Arizona, Colo- rado P. camillus Edzv. Colorado P. mylitta Edzv. California P. picta Edzv. Colorado P. liriope Cram. var. fragilis Bata. Brazil P. (Eresia) eunice Hiibn. Bogota REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 69 Anthanassa (Eresia) texana Edw. Texas Chlosyne (Coatlantona) janais Dm. Brazil, Texas C. lacinia Geyer (Synchloe adjutrix Scudd.). Texas, New Mexico Coatlantona narva Fahr. Central America Araschnia levana Linn. Europe Mestra (Cystineura) amymone Mene. Texas Polygonia (Grapta) interrogationis Fabr. New York P. (Grapta) comma Harris. New York P. (Grapta) comma var. dryas Edu:. New York P. (Grapta) satyrus Edtv. New York P. (Grapta) faunus Ediu. New York P. (Grapta) zephyrus Ediv. New York P. (Grapta) progne Cram. New York P. (Grapta) c-album Linn. Europe P. (Grapta) egea Cram. Europe Eugonia (Vanessa) j-album Boisd. New York E. (Vanessa) californica Boisd. California Euvanessa (Vanessa) antiopa Linn. New York, Europe Aglais milberti Godt. New York Vanessa (Pyrameis) atalanta Linn. United States, Europe V. huntera Fabr. New York V. cardui Linn. United States, Europe V. jo Linn. Europe V. urticae Linn. Europe V. 1-album Esp. (Vau album Nicev). Europe V. xanthomelas Esp. Europe V. polychlorus Linn. Europe Pyrameis itea Fabr. New South Wales P. indica Hbst. India P. myrinna Doubl. Rio de Janeiro Junonia clelia Cram. Africa J. orithya Linn. New South Wales J. genoveva Cram. Amazon river J. lavinia Cram. Brazil J. asterie Linn. China J. laomedia Linn. China J. oenone Linn. var. hierta Fabr. China J. coenia Hiibn. South Atlantic States J. vellida Fabr. New South Wales Salamis anacardii Linn. Africa S. antilope Fcisth. Abyssinia Napeocles jucunda Hiibn. Amazon river Kallima inachis Boisd. India K. rumia Westw. Calabar Doleschallia bisaltide Cram. New Guinea Anartia jatrophae Li>i]i. Texas, Brazil A. lytrea Godt. Cuba A. fatima Fabr. Costa Rica A. amalthea Linn. Bogota Victorina steneles Linn. Central America V. epaphus Latr. Mexico V. sulpitia Crani. Guiana Hypanartia dione Latr. Central America H. delius Dru. West Africa H. zabulina Godt. Europe Didonis bibilis Fabr. Amazon river Pyrrhogyra typhoeus Feld. Brazil Ergolio ariadne Lin)i. China Cj^bdelis mnasylus Donbl. & Hew. South America Cyclogramma pandama Doubl. Brazil Temenis laothoe Cra)H. Brazil T. laothoe var. ariadne Cram. Brazil Nica canthara Doubl. Panama Dynamine agacles Dalm. Brazil D. myrrhina Doubl. Peru D. rostverta Cram. Central America Eunica monima Cram, (modesta Bates). Texas E. clytia Hew. Brazil E. veronica Bates. Bogota, Peru E. pomona Feld. Bolivia 70 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Diaethria (Callicore) clymena Cram. Peru Amphichlora (Ageronia) fornax Hilbn. Central America A. (Ageronia) feronia Linn. Brazil Ageronia chloe Stall. Central America A. belladonna Bates. Brazil A. amphinome Linn. Brazil A. arethusa Cram. Central America A. velutina Bates. Bogota Callicore eluina Hew. Bogota C. lidwina Feld. Peru C. Cornelia Herr.-Scliacf. South America Megalura berania Hczv. Cuba M. orsilochus Fabr. Brazil M. corinna Latr. var. marcella Feld. Brazil M. iole Dru. Panama Anthena (Megalura) peleus Snls. Central America Timetes (Megalura) chiron Fahr. Brazil Perisama priene Hopff. Peru P. humboltii Guer. Peru Catagramma peristera Hezv. Bogota C. hesperis Guer. Peru C. sp. Bogota Gynaecia dirce Linn. Brazil Batesia prola Donbl. & Hew. Peru B. divalis Bates. Bogota B. hypochlora Feld. Bogota Callizona aceste Li>iii. Brazil Libythina cuvierii Grtt. Peru Myscelia cyaniris Doubl. Honduras M. orsis Dru. Rio de Janeiro Catonephele acontius Linn. Brazil C. sabrina Hew. South America C. nyctimus Westzu. South America Lebadea alankara Horsf. India Basilarchia (Limcnitis) -Ursula Godt. Ohio B. astyanax Fabr. var. arizonensis Ediv. (Limenitis Ursula Godt.). Arizona B. (Limenitis) arthemis Dru. New York B. (Limenitis) arthemis var. proser- pina Edzv. New York B. (Limenitis) weidemeyerii Edw. Colorado B. (Limenitis disippe Godt.) archip- pus Cram. New York B. (Limenitis eros Edzv.) floridensis Streck. Mississippi B. (Limenitis) lorquinii Boisd. Pacific States Limenitis (Adelpha) bredowii Hiibn. Peru L. (Adelpha) bredowii z'ar. cali- fornica Butl. California L. populi Linn. Europe L. populi var. tremulea Esp. Russia L. Camilla Schiif. Europe L. sibilla Linn. Europe Adelpha iphicla Linn. Bogota A. serpa Boisd. Amazon river A. olynthia Feld. Bogota Hestina nama Doubl. Himalaya mts Neptis lucilla Fabr. Hungary N. aceris Lcp. Europe Euphhaedra ceres Fabr. Calabar E. medon Linn. West Africa E. xypete .Hew. West Africa Cymothoe (Harma) aemilius Doum. Calabar C. (Harma) theobene Doubl. West Africa Apatura iris Linn. France, Europe A. ilia Schiif. Europe A. ilia var. clytie Schiff. Europe A. elis Feld. Peru A. lucasii Doubl. Brazil A. laurentia Godt. Brazil A. angclina Feld. Peru A. zunilda Godt. Peru A. druryi Hiibn. Cuba Chlorippe (Apatura) ccltis Boisd. & Lee. Texas C. (Apatura) leilia Edzv. Arizona C. (Apatura) alicia Edzv. Florida C. (Apatura) clyton Boisd. & Lee. Texas C. (Apatura) clyton var. proserpina Sciidd. Atlantic States C. (Apatura) flora Edzv. Florida Coca (Aganisthos) acheronta Fabr. Bogota, Cuba REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 71 Historis (Aganisthos) odius Fab;-. Bogota Prepona pheridamas Cram. Guiana P. meander Cram. Chili Smyrna karwinskii Hiibn. Mexico Charaxes (Nymplialis) jasius Linn. Algeria, France Nymphalis brutus Cram. West Africa N. eudamippus Doubl. India N. neanthes Hezv. South Africa Megistanis baeotus Doubl. & Hew. Bogota M. deucalion Fcld. Bogota Hypna clytemnestra Cram. Brazil Anaea andria Scudd. (Paphia troglo- dyta Fabr.). Texas A. philumena Doubl. Peru A. arginusa Hiibn. Brazil Siderone ide Hiibn. Cuba Agapetidae Melanargia lachesis Hiibn. Europe M. lachesis Hiibn. var. halimede Menc. China M. galathea Linn. Europe M. galathea var. procida Hbst. Europe M. japygia Cyr. var. suwarovius Hbst. Russia M. japygia var. caucasica Nordm. Russia M. ines LIffsgg. Europe M. syllius Hbst. Europe Cercyonis (Satyrus) alope Fabr. Atlantic States C. (Satyrus) alope var. boopis BeJir. Pacific States C. (Satyrus) alope var. nephele Kirby. Atlantic States C. (Satyrus) gabbii Ediv. Arizona C. (Satyrus) meadii Edzv. Colorad3 C. (Satyrus) sylvestris Edzv. Cali- fornia C. (Satyrus) sylvestris var. charon Edw. Nevada Gyrocheilus tritonia Edzv. Arizona Aphantopus (Satyrus) hyperantus Linn. Europe Satyrus fidia Linn. Europe S. statilinus Hufn. Asia, Europe S. statilinus var. allionia Fabr. Europe S. arethusa Esp. Europe S. semele Linn. Europe S. semele var. aristaeus Bon. Europe S. anthe Och. Europe S. briseis Linn. Europe S. hermione Linn. Europe S. alcyone Schiff. Europe S. circe Fabr. Europe S. dryas Scop, (phaedra Linn.) S. actaea Esp. var. cordula Fabr. Europe S. actaea var. bryce Hiibn. Cau- casus Erebia tyndarus Esp. Germany E. tyndarus (var. callias Edzv.). Colorado E. disa Tliunb. Europe E. melampus Fuessl. Europe E. mnestra Hiibn. Alps, Europe E. arete Fabr. Schwerin, Germany E. pharte Hiibn. Europe E. manto Esp. Europe E. ceto Hiibn. Europe E. medusa Fabr. Europe E. medusa var. polaris Stcgr. Europe E. medusa var. psodea Hiibn. Europe E. oeme Hiibn. Europe E. glacialis Esp. var. alecto Hiibn. Europe E. stygne Och. Europe E. afer Esp. Russia E. gorge Esp. Alps, Europe E. goante Esp. Europe E. pronoe Esp. Europe E. pronoe var. pitho Hiibn. Europe E. aethiops Esp. Europe E. ligea Linn. Europe E. euryale Esp. Europe E. epistigne Hiibn. France E. evias Gcdt. Frarxe E. epiphron Knock var. casshp^ Fabr. Schwerin, Germany Neominois (Satyrus) ridingsii Edzv. Colorado NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Neominois dionysius Satdd. Colo- rado Coenonympha calif ornica Doitbl. & Hczv. California C. elko Edzv. (ampelos Edzv.). Nevada, Massachusetts C. ochracea Edzv. Colorado C. typhon Rott. Europe C. typhon Rott. (inornata Edzv.). California C. iphis Schiff. Europe C. arcania Linn. Europe C. arcania z'ar. darwiniana Stcgr. Europe C. arcania var. satyrion Esp. France C. amaryllis Cram. Europe C. pamphilus Linn. var. lyllus Esp. Europe C. oedippus Fahr. Europe C. hero Linn. Europe Triphj^sa phrync Pall. Siberia Enodia (Dcbis) portlandia Fabr. Ohio, Atlantic States Satyrodes (Neonympha) canthus Linn. New York Oeneis (Chionobas californica Boisd.) nevadensis Fcldcr. California, Washington O. (Chionobas) chryxus Donbl. & Hczv. Wisconsin, Colorado O. jutta Hilbn. Labrador O. uhleri Rcak. Colorado O. noma Thunb. var. taygete Hilbn. North Labrador O. noma var. semidea Say. White mts O. aello Esp. Europe O. bore Schn. Europe Pararge aegeria Linn. Europe P. achine Scop, (dejanira Linn.). Europe P. climcnc Esp. Russia P. mcgcra Liim. Europe P. megera var. lyssa Hilbn. Europe P. hiera Fabr. Europe P. maera Linn. Europe P. maera var. adrasta Hilbn. Europe Nconymplia gemma Hilbn. Southern States N. hcnshawii Edzv. Rocky mts N. phocion Fabr. Southern States Cissia (Neonympha) eurytus Fabr. New York C. (Neonympha) sosybius Fabr. Florida, Texas C. (Neonympha) rubricata Edzv. Arizona Epinephele jurtina Linn. Europe E. jurtina Linn. var. hispulla Hilbn. Spain E. ida Esp. Europe E. pasiphae Esp. Europe E. lycaon Rott. Hungary E. wagneri Hcrr.-Schaef. Persia E. abeona Don. New South Wales Xenica achanta Don. South Wales Heteronympha merope Fabr. Aus- tralia Euptychia mollina Hilbn. Amazon river E. libye Linn. Central America E. herse Cram. South America E. hesione Suh. South America E. mynceoides Stcgr. Panama Cithaerias andromeda Fabr. Brazil Haetera hypaesia Hczv. Bogota Pierella nereis Dru. Brazil P. lena Linn. Peru P. dracontis Hilbn. Para Melanitis leda Li)in. Australia Morphinae Thaumantis camadeva Wcstzv. Him- alaya mts Morpho sulkowskyi Koll. Ecuador M. menelaus Linn. Brazil M. achilles Linn. var. lielcnor Cram. Brazil M. achilles var. Icontc Llilbn. Brazil ;M. achilles var. leonte achillaena Hilbn. Guiana AL achilles var. patroclus Fcld. Peru M. achilles var. coelestis Butl. Bra- zil M. didius Hopff. Peru M. hercules Dalni. Amazon river M. laertes Dru. Brazil REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 73 Caligo ilioneus Cran C. eurylochus Cram. Brassolinae Brazil I C. idomeneus Linn. Surinam Brazil C. teucer Linn. Brazil Acraea andromacha Fabr. A. Serena Fabr. Africa A. vesta Fabr. India A. arganice Hew. Natal Acraeinae Australia A. anteas Doubl. & Hciv. Vene- zuela A. diceus Latr. Peru Heliconidae Apostraphia (Heliconius) charithonia Linn. Florida Heliconius melpomene Linn. Bogota H. estrella Bates. South America H. petiverana Doubl. Brazil H. vesta Cram. Columbia H. phyllis Fabr. Brazil H. burneyi Hiibn. Brazil H. fornarina Hezv. Costa Rica H. leuce Doubl. Brazil H. clydno Doubl. Brazil H. pochinus Salv. Columbia H. rhea Cram. Brazil, Bogota H. apseudes Hiibn. Amazon river H. hermathena Hew. Brazil H. erato Linn. Brazil H. erato var. doris Linn. Brazil H. neumata Cram. Central America H. eucrate Hiibn. Brazil H. antiochus Linn. Bogota Eueides aliphera Godt. Bogota E. thales Cram. Bogota E. lybia Fabr. Amazon river E. Isabella Cram. Amazon river Dircenna klugii Hiibn. Brazil, Guate- mala Hamadryas zoilus Fabr. Brazil Lycorea cleobaea Godt. South America L. halia Hiibn. Brazil L. pasinuntia Cram. Amazon river Thyridia psidii Linn. Bogota Aprotopos aedesia Doubl. Amazon river Ceratinia vallonia Heiv. Amazon river Mechanitis polymnia Linn. Brazil M. polymnia var. lysimnia Fabr. Brazil Ithomiidae Ithomia flora Cram. Brazil I. sao Hiibn. var. antisao Bates. Bogota I. eurimedia Cram. Brazil I. diaphanus Dru. South America I. oto Hew. Costa Rica Melinaea egina Cram. Amazon river M. mneme Linn. Amazon river ]M. lilis Hezv. var. imitata Bates. Costa Rica Tithorea tarracina Hezv. Central America T. harmonia Cram. var. cuaprina Bates. South America Lymnadidae Anosia (Danais erippus Cram.) plex- ippus Linn. Jamaica, New York, Java A. berenice Cram. Texas A. (Danais) berenice var. strigosa Bates. Mexico Danais plexaure Godt. Brazil D. albata Zink. Java D. melenaus Cram. Celebes D. aglea Cram. var. luzonensis Feld. D. aglea var. grammica Boisd. Cochin China 74 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Danais limniace Cram. India D. limniace var. hamata Mad. Queensland D. juventa Cram. Java D. similis Linn. Malacca D. chrysippus Linn. Cochin China D. chrysippus var. alcippus Cram. Africa D. gilippus Cram. Brazil D. gilippus var. jamaicensis Bates. Jamaica Hestia blanchardii March. Celebes Ideopsis vitrea Blanch. Moluccas Amauris egilaea Cram. Java Euploea godartii Luc. Cochin China E. core Cram. India ' E. hyems Butl. Australia E. diocletia Hiibn. Philippine Islands E. midamus Linn. China E. eleutho Quoy var. helcita Boisd. (montrouzieri Nczvm.). Fiji Islands Libytheidae Hypatus (Libythea) carinenta Cram. I Libythea celtis Fucss. Europe Texas L. motya Boisd. Cuba Erycinidae Nemeobius lucina Linn. Europe Lemoniidae Alesa amosis Cram. Cayenne Eurybia nicaeus Fabr. Brazil Mesosemia traga Hezv. Para M. Croesus Fabr. Amazon river Ancyluris eryxo Saund. Peru A. aulestes Cram. Brazil Apodemia epulus Cram. Brazil Stalachtis phlegia Cram. Brazil S. Susanna Fabr. South America S. euterpe Linn. Bogota S. evelina Bntl. Amazon river S. striata Gucr. Bogota Lemonias emylius Cram. Guiana L. pseudocrispus Westzv. Brazil Helicopis endymion Cram. Surinam Nymphalidium caricae Linn. South America Chrysobia (Lemonias) cythera Edzv California C. (Lemonias) virgulti Behr. Cali- fornia Polystigma (Lemonias) nais Edzv Arizona Riodinidae P. (Lemonias) palmerii Edzi'. Ari- Emesis (Lemonias) zela Butl. var. cleis Edzv. Arizona E. lucinda Cram. Brazil Calephelis caenius Li)in. Florida Lycaenidae Eumaeus (Eumenia) atala Pocy. Florida Habrodias (Thecla) grunus Boisd. California Hypaurotis (Thecla) crysalus Edzv. Colorado Atlides (Thecla) halesus Cram. Texas Uranotes (Thecla humuli Harr.) melinus Hiibn. Florida Thecla favonius Sm. & Abb. Florida T. acadica Edzv. Ohio T. californica Edw. California T. edwardsii Saund. New York T. wittfeldii Edzv. Florida T. calanus Hiibn. New York REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 75 Thecla liparops Boisd. (strigosa Harr.). New York T. saepium Boisd. Pacific States T. blenina Hew. (siva Edzv.). Texas T. erix Cram. Brazil T. syncellus Cram. Brazil T. marsyas Linn. Rio de Janeiro T. linus Suls. Surinam T. pelion Cram. Brazil T. hemon Cram. South America T. pholeus Cram. Brazil T. phaleros Linn. Brazil T. (Lycaena) caranus Cram. Bogota T. spini Schiif. Siberia T. w-album Knock. Europe T. ilicis Esp. Europe T. acaciae Fabr. Europe T. pruni Linn. Europe Mitoura (Thecla smilacis Boisd. & Lee.) damon Cram. New York Calycopis (Thecla poeas Hilbn.) cecrops Fabr. Florida Incisalia (Thecla) augustus Kirby. New York I. (Thecla) irus Godt. New York I. (Thecla) niphon Hilbn. New York Callophrys (Thecla) dumetorium Boisd. California C. rubi Linn. Europe Strymon (Thecla) titus Fabr. New York Zephyrus quercus Linn. Europe Z. betulae Linn. Europe Feniseca tarquinius Fabr. New York Tharsalea (Lycaena) virginiensis Edzu. Colorado Gaeides (Polyommatus) xanthoidcs Boisd. California G. (Polyommatus) dionc Scndd. Kansas G. (Polyommatus) gorgon Boisd. California Thestor ballus Fabr. Europe Chrysophanus thoe Boisd. Ohio, New York C. (Polyommatus) phlaeas Linn. Europe C. (Polyommatus) phlaeas z'ar. eleus Fabr. Europe C. (Polyommatus) alciphron Rott. Europe C. (Lycaena) alciphron var. gordius Snlc. Europe C. (Polyommatus) amphidamas Esp. Siberia C. (Polyommatus) amphidamas var. obscura Wernb. C. (Polyommatus) virgaureae Linn. Europe C. (Polyommatus) thersamon Esp. Europe C. (Polyommatus) caspius Led. Russia C. (Polyommatus) dispar Haiv. var. rutilus Wernb. C. (Polyommatus) hippothoe Linn. Europe C. (Polyommatus) dorilis Hufn. Europe Epidemia (Chrysophanus) helloides Boisd. Colorado E. (Polyommatus) epixanthe Boisd. & Lee. Maine Heodes (Chrysophanus) hypophleas Boisd. New York Chalceria (Polyommatus) rubidus Edw. Montana C. (Polyommatus) rubidus var. sirius Edzv. Colorado Cupido (Lycaena) heteronea Boisd. Colorado C. (Lycaena) lycea Edzv. Colorado C. (Lycaena daedalus Behr.) icari- oides Boisd. Colorado C. (Lycaena) saepiolus Boisd. Colo- rado C. (Lycaena) pheres Boisd. var. evius Boisd. Mt Hood C. (Lycaena) nyseus Guer. India C. (Lycaena) cassius Cram. South America Nomiades (Lycaena) antiacis Boisd. California N. (Lycaena) lygdamas Doubl. Wis- consin, Colorado Phaedrotes (Lycaena lorquinii Behr.) sagittigera Feld. California Philotes (Lycaena) sonorensis Feld. California ?(> NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Agriades (Lycaena) aquilo Boisd. Europe, Labrador A. (Lycaena) rustica Ediv. Colo- rado Rusticus (Lycaena) shasta Edzi). Colorado R. (Lycaena) melissa Ediv. Nevada R. (Lycaena) scudderi Edzv. New York R. (Lycaena) acmon Doitbl. & Hew. California R. (Lycaena) anna Ediv. California Lycaena argiades Pall. Europe L. argus Linn. Europe L. sephyrus Friv. Russia L. alcedo Chrysto. Russia L. optilete Knock. Europe L. orion Pall. (battus Hilbn.). Europe L. orbitulus Prun. Europe L. pheretes Hilbn. (atys Hilbn.). Europe L. astrarche Bgstr. (alexis Hilbn.) var. allous Hilbn. Europe L. eumedon Esp. Europe L. amandus Schn. Europe L. eros Och. Alps L. eros var. eroides Friv. Russia L. icarus Rott. Europe L. icarus var. icarinus Serif. Europe L. hylas Esp. (dorylas Hiibn.). Europe L. bellargus Rott. (adonis Hilbn.). Europe L. hylas Esp. France L. coridon Poda. Europe L. coridon var. caucasica Led. Russia L. erschoffii Led. Persia L. meleager Esp. Europe L. meleager var. steevenii Frr. Russia L. admetus Esp. Europe L. admetus var. ripartii Frr. Russia L. damon Schiff. Europe L. damone Ever. Russia L. damone var. carmon Herr.-Schjcf. (eurpilus Frey). Russia L. semiargus Rott. (argiolus Lisp.) (termiagus Butt.). Europe L. sebrus Boisd. France L. cyllarus Rott. Europe L. melanops Boisd. France L. jolas OcJis. Europe L. alcon Fabr. Europe L. euphemus Hilbn. (diomedes Rott.). Europe L. arion Linn. Europe L. areas Rott. Europe Cyaniris ladon Cram. (Lycaena pseudargiolus Linn.). Illinois C. ladon var. lucia Kirby. New York C. ladon var. violacea Edzc. Vir- ginia C. ladon var. cinerca Edn'. Ari- zona C. ladon var. neglecta Edzu. New York C. ladon var. piasus Boisd. Califor- nia Everes (Lycaena) amyntula Boisd. California E. (Lycaena) comyntas Godt. New York Hemiargus isola Reak. (Lycaena alee Edzv.). Texas H. (Lycaena) gyas Edzc. Texas H. hanno Stoll. (Lycaena filenus Poey). Georgia H. (Lycaena) ammon Lucas. Florida Brephidium (Lycaena) isophthalma Hcrr.-Schaef. Florida B. (Lycaena) exilis Boisd. Texas Leptotes (Lycaena) marina Reak. South California Lampides (Lycaena) bneticus Linn. Europe Megathymus yuccae Boisd. Florida Megathymidae & Lee. -j M. cofaqui Streek. Texas I REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 17 Hesperiidae Pyrrhopyga phidias Lin)\. Bogota P. sp. Peru P. acastus Cram. Georgia P. genetus Fabr. Brazil Entheus peleus Linn. Brazil E. busiris Fabr. Brazil E. vitreus Cram. South America Amblyscirtes vialis Edzv. New York Carcharodus (Erynnis) alceae Esp. Europe C. (Erynnis) lavatherae Esp. Hun- gary Heteropterus morpheus Pall: Europe Pamphila palaemon Pall. (Cartero- cephalus mandan Edzv.). Maine, New York, Europe P. (Carterocephalus) silvius Knock. Europe Ancyloxypha numitor Fabr. New York, Ohio Copaeodes (Heteropterus) procris Edzv. Texas Oarisma (Pamphila) garita Rcak. Colorado Poanes (Pamphila) massasoit Sciidd. New York Atrytone (Pamphila) zabulon Boisd. & Lcc. Ohio A. hobomok Harr. Massachusetts, New York A. (Pamphila zabulon) hobomok var. pocahontas Scudd. Ohio Augiades (Pamphila) sylvanus Esp. Europe Erynnis (Pamphila) comma Linn. New Mexico, Colorado, Europe E. (Pamphila) comma var. Colorado Scudd. Colorado E. (Pamphila) sassacus Harr. Maine E. (Pamphila) pawnee Dodge. Nebraska E. (Pamphila) ottoe Edzv. Kansas E. (Pamphila) napa £Jzc;. Colorado E. (Pamphila) metea Scudd. New York E. (Pamphila) carus Edzv. Jamaica E. (Pamphila) uncas Edzv. Florida Anthomastcr (Pamphila) snowi Edzv. New Mexico A. (Pamphila) leonardus Harr. New York A. (Pamphila) nemorum Boisd. Washington A. (Pamphila) sylvanoides Boisd. California A. (Pamphila) agricola Boisd. Colorado Hylephila (Pamphila huron Edzv.) campestris Boisd. Wisconsin H. (Pamphila) phylaeus Dm. Texas Thymelicus (Pamphila) brettus Boisd. & Lcc. Florida T. (Pamphila) draco Edzv. Colo- rado T. (Pamphila) otho Sm. & Abb. Florida T. (Pamphila) otho var. cgeremet Scudd. Massachusetts T. (Pamphila) mystic Scudd. New York T. (Pamphila) siris Edw. Washing- ton T. (Pamphila) cernes Boisd. & Lcc. New York Adopaea (Thymelicus) thaumas Hufn. Europe A. (Thymelicus) lineola Ocli. Europe A. (Thymelicus) acteon Rott. Ger- many Polites (Pamphila) sabuleti Boisd. California P. (Pamphila) pcckius Kirbv. New York Euphyes (Pamphila) verna Edzv. Ohio E. vestris Boisd. var. metacomet Harr. New York E. (Pamphila) eufala Edzv. Florida Lerema (Pamphila) accius Sm. & Abb. Florida L. (Pamphila) liianna Scudd. New York Oligoria (Pamphila) maculata Edzv. Florida NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Prcnes (Pamphila) panoquin Sciidd. Florida P. (Pamphila) ocola Ediv. Florida Calpodes (Pamphila) ethlius Cram. Jamaica, Florida Limochroes (Pamphila) bimacula Grt. & Rob. New York L. (Pamphila) pontiac Edw. Ohio L. (Pamphila) manataaqua Scudd. New York L. (Pamphila) arpa Boisd. & Lee. Florida L. (Pamphila) byssus Edzv. Texas Phycanassa (Pamphila) viator Ediv. Florida P. vitellius Fabr. (Pamphila dela- ware Edw.). Florida P. arogos Boisd. (Pamphila iowa Scudd.). Nebraska Erycides amyntas Fabr. Texas Eudamus proteus Linn. Florida E. sp. Mexico Epargyreus (Thymele) tityrus Fabr. New York Thymele antaeus Hew. Brazil T. exadeus Cram. South America Rhabdoides (Eudamus) cellus Boisd. & Lee. Arizona Telegonus fulgerator IValch. Brazil T. habana Lue. Cuba T. talus Cram. Santo Domingo Achlarus (Eudamus) lycidas Sin. & Abb. New York Thorybes (Eudamus) hippalus Edw. Arizona T. caicus Herr.-Sehaef. (Eudamus moschus Edzv.). Arizona T. (Eudamus) bathyllus Sm. & Abb. North Carolina, Kansas T. (Aethilla) pylades Seudd. New York Achylodes lassia Hezu. Brazil A. busirus Cram. Brazil Pholisora catullus Fabr. New York, Tennessee P. ceos Edzv. Arizona P. hayhurstii Edzv. Wisconsin P. (Nisoniades) alpheus Edw. Arizona Systasea pulverulenta Fcld. (zampa Edzv.). Texas Antigonus erosus Hiibn. Brazil Pythonides tryxus Cram. South America Thanaos (Nisoniades) tagcs Linn. Europe T. (Nisoniades) brizo Boisd. & Lee. New York T. (Nisoniades) icelus Liiitii. New York T. (Nisoniades) lucilius Lintn. New York T. (Nisoniades) persius Scudd. New York T. (Nisoniades) martialis Scudd. New York T. (Nisoniades) juvenalis Fabr. New York, Kansas, Florida T. (Nisoniades) propertius Lintn. Vancouver T. (Nisoniades) nacvius Lintn. Florida T. (Nisoniades) funeralis Scudd. & Berg. Texas Hesperia (Pyrgus) tessellata Scudd. Kansas H. (Pyrgus) caespitalis Boisd. Colo- rado IT. carthami Hiibn. Europe H. (Syrichthus) serratulae Ramb. Europe H. alveus Hiibn. Europe H. (Syrichthus) cacaliae Ramb. Europe H. centaureae Ramb. Scandinavia H. cynarae Ramb. Russia H. malvae Linn. Europe H. sao Hiibn. Europe H. (Syrichthus) orbifer Hiibn. Europe Leucochitonea arsaltc Linn. South America Trapezitcs iacchus Fabr. Australia REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 79 Sphingidae Hemaris diffinis Boisd. New York, Canada H. diffinis var. axillaris Grt. & Rob. (marginalis Grt.) H. diffinis var. tenuis Grt. New York H. diffinis var. thetis Grt. & Rob. California H. gracilis Grt. &■ Rob. New York H. thysbe Fabr. New York H. thysbe var. ruficaudis Kirby. (var. uniformis. Grt. & Rob.). New York H. fuciformis Linn, (bombyliformis OcJi.). Europe Macroglossa (Hemaris) stellataru n Linn. Europe M. (Hemaris) croatica Es^. Europe M. hylas ? Java Lepisesia (Pogocolon) clarkiae Boisd. South California Aellopos tantalus Linn. (titan Cram.). Mexico Metopsilus (Deilephila) porcellus Linn. Europe M. (Pergesa) acteus Cram. Brazil Pterogon proserpina Pall. Europe Triptogon lugubris Linn. (Enyo- camertus Cram.). Florida, Jamaica Pachygonia subhamata Walk, (calig- nosa Feld.). Brazil Amphion nessus Cram. New York, Nebraska Sphecodina (Thyreus) abbotii Szvain. New York Chaerocampa (Deilephila) celerio Linn. Asia, Europe C. (Deilephila) alecto Linn. Europe C. (Deilephila) elpenor Linn. Europe Deilephila gallii Rott. (chamoeneru Kan.). New York, Canada, Europe D. Hneata Fabr. New York D. lineata var. livornica Esp. Dal- matia D. vespertilio Esp. Europe D. hippophaes Esp. Europe D. euphorbiae Linn. Europe D. dahlii Hftbn. Europe Daphnis (Dcilcpliila) nerii Linn. Europe Therctra (Chaerocampa) tcrsa Linn. Jamaica, Florida T. (Chaerocampa) chiron Dm. Brazil Argcus labruscac Linn. Florida, Paraguay Pachylia ficus Linn. Cuba P. iuornata Clcni. Brazil Ambulyx strigilis Linn. Brazil Pholus linnei Grt. & Rob. Brazil P. (Philampelus) vitis Linn. Georgia P. pandorus Hiibn. New York P. achemon Dru. New York Philampelus (Pholus) anchemolus Cram. Brazil Ampelophaga (Everyx) choerilus Cram. New York A. myron Cram. United States A. versicolor Harr. Long Island Cocytius (Macrosila) antaeus Dru. Brazil C. (Sphinx) cluentius Cram. Jamaica Pseudosphinx tetrio Linn. Cuba Dilophonota ello Linn. Brazil, Florida D. alope Dru. (edwardsii Biitl). Florida D. obscura Fabr. Florida Cautethia noctuiformis Walk. vjr. grotei Hy. Edzv. Florida Phlegethontius quinquemaculata Hazv. (celeus Hiibn.). New York, Ohio P. sexta Johan. (carolina Linn.). New York P. rustica Fabr. Georgia P. (Sphinx) convolvuli Linn. Europe, Asia P. convolvuli var. cingulata Fabr. Georgia, Kansas P. (Protoparce) jamaiccnsis Butl Jamaica P. roseofasciata Koch. (Sphinx dis- tans Butl.). Jamaica P. (Sphinx) pnphus Stoll. Paraguay Hyloicus (Sphinx) pinastri Linn. Europe 8o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Sphinx kalmiae Sin. & Abb. New- York, Maine S. drupiferarum Sin. & Abb. Canada, Maine, New York S. perelegans Hy. Ediv. California S. gordius Stoll. New York S. lucitiosa Clem. Maine S. chersis Hi'tbn. Maine S. (Hyloicus) sequoiae Boisd. Cali- fornia S. canadensis Boisd. New York S. andromeda Boisd. (separatus Newm.). New Mexico S. lugens Walk. Kansas S. eremitns Hiibn. New York S. (Hyloicus) plebeia Fabr. Georgia, Texas S. ligustri Linn. Europe Dolba hylaeus Dm. New York Ceratomia amyntor Hilbn. Ohio, New York C. (Daremma) undulosa Walk. New York, Ohio C. (Daremma) hageni Grt. Kansas C. (Daremma) catalpae Boisd. Florida Lapara (EUema) bombycoides Walk. New York L. (Ellema) pineum Lintn. New York L. (Ellema) com{QYs.Yum Sin. & Abb. Southern States Marumba (Triptogon) modesta Harr. New York Dilina (Smerinthus) tiliae Linn. Russia Smerinthus jamaicensis Dru. (gemi- natus Say). New York S. cerysii Kirby. New York S. cerysii z'ai: ophthalmicus Boisd. California S. quercus Schiff. Europe S. ocellata Linn. Europe S. populi Linn. Europe Paonias excaecatus Sin. & Abb. Maine P. (Calasymbolus) myops Sin. & Abb. New Jersey P. (Calasymbolus) astylus Dm. New Jersey Cressonia juglandis Sin. & Abb. New York Acherontia atropos Linn. Europe Saturniidae Antheraea pcrnyi Cz/rr. Japan, (New York, from eggs) A. pernyi var. yamamai Gucr. Japan A. mylitta Dm. India Attacus atlas Linn. Java A. betis Walk. Brazil A. hesperus Linn, (aurota Cram.). Rio de Janeiro Philosamia cyntliia Dm. Long Island Samia (Platysamia) cecropia Linn. Albany, N. Y. gloveri Columbia Strcck. S. (Platysamia) Dayton, O. S. (Platysamia) Orono, Me. S. rubra Bchr. (Platysamia ceanothi Bchr.). California Callosamia promethea Dru. N. Y. Smith. Albany, C. angulifera Walk. Long Island Tropea (Actias) luna Linn. Atlantic States, Mississippi valley Tclea polyphcmus Cram. Newark, N. J. Saturnia pyri Schiff. Europe S. spini Schiff. Europe S. pavonia Linn. Russia S. rubrescens ? Chili Automeris (Hyperchiria) io Fabr. Orono, Me. Hcmileuca maia Dru. Wisconsin H. nevadensis Stretch. (maia var. nevadensis Stretch). Nevada Aglia tau Linn. Saxony Pseudohazis eglanterina Boisd. Cali- fornia P. hera Harr. Utah REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 81 Ceratocampidae Anisota stigma Fahr. Centre, N. Y. A. senatoria Sm. & Abb. Centre, N. Y. A. (Dryocampa) rubicunda Fabr. Albany, N. Y. A. (Dryocampa) rubicunda z'ar. alba Grt. Douglas county, Kan. Adelocephala (Sphingicampa) bi- color Harr. Dayton, O. Citheronia regalis Fabr. New York C. (Basilona) cacicus Walk. Brazil Hyperchiria virescens Neum. Buenos Ayres H. corescens Neum. Buenos Ayres Basilona (Eacles) imperialis Dru. New York Syntomidae Syntomis phegea Linn. Europe Dysauxes (Naclia) ancilla Linn. Europe Cosmosoma (omphale Hiibn.) auge Linn. Florida Didasys belae Grt. Florida Lymire (Scepsis) edwardsi Grt. Florida Scepsis fulvicollis Hubn. New York S. wrightii Stretch. California Lycomorpha (Anatolsnis) grotei Pack. Colorado L. pholus Dru. New York Ctenucha venosa Walk. Texas C. cressonana Grt. Colorado C. brunnea Stretch. California C. multifaria Walk. California C. rubroscapus Mene. (walsinghami Hy. Ediv.). California C. rubroscapus Menc. var. ochro- scapus Grt. & Rob. California C. virginica Charp. New York, Ontario Dahana atripennis Grt. Florida Heterogynidae Heterogynis penella Hiibn. Europe Zygaenidae Agyrta auxo Linn. Brazil Zygaena erythrus Hiibn. Europe Z. purpuralis Brun. (pilosellae Esp.). Europe Z. purpuralis var. nubigena Led. Europe 7. brizae Esp. Europe Z. scabiosae Esp. Europe 7. punctum Och. Europe 7. cambysea Led. Europe Z. armena Ev. Europe 7. achilleae Esp. Europe Z. cynarae Esp. Europe Z. exulans Hoch. & Rein. Europe 7. meliloti Esp. Europe Z. trifolii Esp. Europe 7. loniccrae Esp. Europe Z. filipcndulae Linn. Europe Z. angelicae Och. Europe Z. transalpina Esp. Europe Z. filipcndulae Linn. var. tutti Rbl. (hippocrepides Hiibn.). Europe Z. ephialtes Linn. Europe Z. ephialtes var. coronillae Esp. Europe Z. ephialtes var. pencedani Esp. Europe Z. lavandulae Esp. Europe Z. rhadamanthus Esp. Europe Z. manlia Led. Europe Z. laeta Hiibn. Europe Z. algira Dup. Europe Z. fausta Linn. Europe Z. fausta var. jucunda Meis. Europe Z. carniolica Scop. Europe Z. occilanica J'ilL Europe Z. occitanica var. albicans Stegr. Europe 82 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Aglaope infausta Linn. Europe I no ampclophaga Bayle. Europe I. pruni Schiff. Europe I. chloros Hiibn. Europe I. tenuicornis Zett. Europe I. globulariae Hiibn. Europe I. budensis Spr. Europe T. staticcs Linn. Europe I. ger\'on Hiibn. Europe Euchromia sperchius Cram. West Africa Glaucopis pulchclla Cram. Brazil G. senegalensis IValk. Senegal G. formosa Boisd. Madagascar Crambidia pallida Pack. South Ab- ington, Mass. C. casta Sanborn (Lithosia Candida Sanborn). Saranac Lake, N. Y. Hypoprepia miniata Kirby (fuscosa var. miniata Krb.). Hamilton, Ont. Lithosiidae Clcnicnsia albata Pack. Hamilton, Ont. mice (Cisthcne) subjccta Walk. Texas I. (Byssophaga) ncxa Boisd. Marino county. Gal. Arctiidae Eubaphe laeta Guerin (Crocota treatii Grt.). Rockledge, Fla. E. (Crocota) opella Grt. Rock- ledge, Fla. E. (Crocota) aurantiaca Hiibn. var. rubicundaria Hiibn. Rockledge, Fla. E. (Crocota) aurantiaca var. ferrugi- nosa Walk. Saranac Lake, N. Y. Pelosia muscerda Hufn. Pomerania Lithosia caniola Hiibn. Europe L. unita Hiibn. Europe L. unita var. arideola Hering. Pomerania L. sororcula JLufn. Europe L. lurideola Zinck. Europe L. complana Linn. Europe Oeonistis (Gnophria) quadra Linn. Europe Gnophria rubricollis Linn. Europe Comacla (Nudaria) senex Hiibn. Europe Cybosia (Setina) mesomella Linn. Europe Endrosa (Setina) irrorclla Clem. Europe E. (Setina) irrorella var. flavicans Boisd. Europe E. (Setina) roscida Esp. Europe Paidia (Nudaria) murina Hiibn. Europe Miltochrista rosacea Brcm. (Cali- genia rosea Fahr.). Europe M. miniata Forst. (rosea Esp.). China Nudaria mundana Linn. Europe Deiopeia pulchella Linn. Europe Hipocrita (Euchelia) jacobaeae L/«/j. Europe Coscinia (Emydia) cribrum Linn. Europe C. (Emydia) cribrum z'ar. punctigera Frr. Germany Utetheisa bella Linn. Albany, N. Y. U. ornatrix Linn. South America Haploa (Callimorpha) clymene Brown. Texas H. (Callimorpha interrup'omarginata Pal. Beavtv.) clymene Brown. At- lantic States, Kansas H. (Callimorpha) colona Hiibn. var-. reversa Stretch. Douglas ccuntv, Kan. H. colona var. fulvicosta Clem. (Callimorpha lecontei Boisd. var. fulvicosta Clem.). Illinois H. (Callimorpha) lecontei Boisd. Illinois H. (Callimorpha) lecontei z'ar. con- finis JValk. Lewis county, N. Y. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 83 Haploa (Callimorpha) lecontei var. vestalia Pack. Douglas county, Kan. Callimorpha quadripunctaria Poda. (hera Linn.). Europe C. dominula Linn. Europe Axiopoena maura EicJnvald. Russia Pericallia (Pleretes) matronula Linn. Europe Euerythra phasnia Harvey. Texas Ecpantheria deflorata Fabr. (scribonia Stall). Florida Estigmene (Leucarctia) acraea Dm. Glenville, N. Y. • E. (Spilosoma) congrua JValk. Brockport, N. Y. Hyphantria cunea Dm. Albany, N.Y. H. textor Harr. Albany, N. Y. Isia (Pyrrharctia) isabella Snt. &■ Abb. Albany, N. Y. Spilosoma mendica Clcin. Holland S. lubricipeda Linn. Europe S. menthastri Esp. Europe S. urticae Esp. Europe Phragmatobia (Spilosoma) fuliginosa Linn. Europe P. fuliginosa Linn, (rubricosa Harr.). Elliot, N. Y. Diacrisia (Spilosoma) virginica Fabr. Centre, N. Y. D. (Spilosoma) latipennis Stretch. Albany, N. Y. D. (Antarctia) vagans Boisd. D. sanio Linn. (Nemeophila russula Linn.). Europe Arctinia caesarea Gocze (Spilosoma luctifera Esp.). Europe Ocnogyna corsicum Rbr. (corsica). Europe Rhyparia (Arctia) purpurata Linn. Europe Hyphoraia (Platarctia) parthenos Harr. Adirondack nits, N. Y. Platyprepia (Epicallia) virginalis Boisd. California Apantesis (Arctia) virgo Linn. Hamilton, Ont. A. (Arctia) virguncula Kirby. Hamilton, Ont. A. (Arctia) michabo Grt. Nebraska A. parthenice Kirby (Arctia) saun- dersii Grt. Adirondack mts, N. Y. A. oithona Streck. (Arctia rectilinea Fr.). Kansas A. (Arctia) ornata Fac^. far. archaia Grt. & Rob. California A. (Arctia) ornata var. ochracea Stretch. California A. (Arctia) arge Dm. Albany, N. Y. A. proxiana Gucr. (Arctia mexicana Grt. &■ Rob.). California to Utah A. (Arctia) nevadensis Grt. & Rob. var. incorrupta Hy. Ediv. Arizona A. (Arctia) phyllira Dm. Mt Kisco, N. Y. A. (Arctia) nais Dru. Rockledge, Fla. Parasemia (Nemeophila) plantaginis Litin. Europe, Calabar Arctia (Euprepia) caia Linn. Sharon, N. Y. Arctia sp. Arizona A. flavia Fucssl. Europe A. villica Linn. Europe A. aulica Linn. Europe \. testudinaria Fourc. (maculania Lang.). Europe A. hebe Linn. Dalmatia A. casta Esp. Europe A. spectabilis Tausch. Europe Euprepia pudica Esp. Europe Ammalo tenera Hiibn. . (Euchaetes collaris Fitch). Hamilton, Ont. Euchaetias (Euchaetes) egle Dru. Tiffin, O. E. (Euchaetes) oregonensis Stretch. Centre, N. Y. Eucareon sylvius Stoll. Brazil Halisidota tessellaris Sm. & Abb. (tessellata 5'ot. & Abb.). Lewis county, N. Y. H. maculata Harr. Albany, N. Y. H. caryae Harr. Albany, N. Y. Euschausia argentata Pack. (Halisi- dota sobrina Stretch). California Hyalurga fenestra Linn. Brazil 84 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Agaristidae Alypia ridingsii Grt. Nevada A. octomaculata Fabr. New York Copidryas gloveri Grt. & Rob. 1 exas Agarista glycine Fabr. Australia A. picta Cram. Queensland Ethema dichroa Hiibn. Bogota Castnia phaleris Guen. Brazil Urania fulgens Linn. Bogota U. leilus Linn. Bogota Uranidae I U. sloanus Crani. Jamaica U. rhipheus Cram. Madagascar Noctuidae Panthea (Audela) acronyctoides Walk. Mt Kisco, N. Y. Denias (Charadra) propinquilinea Grt. Albany, N. Y. Charadra deridens Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. Raphia frater Grt. Centre, N. Y. R. coloradensis Cram, (abrupta Grt. var.). Colorado Demas coryli Linn. Europe Apatela rubricoma Guen. Centre, N. Y. A. (Acronycta) americana Harr. Centre, N. Y. A. (Acronycta) hastulifera Sm. & Abb. Centre, N. Y. A. (Acronycta) dactylina Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. A. (Acronycta) felina Grt. Saranac Lake, N. Y. leporina Linn. lepusculina Guen. Centre, N. betulae Y. Riley. A. (Acronycta) Europe A. (Acronycta) Colorado A. innotata Guen. A. (Acronycta) Washington, D. C. A. morula Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. A. interrupta Guen. (occidentalis Grt. & Rob.). Lewis county, N. Y. A. lobcliae Guen. Centre, N. Y. A. (Acronycta) furcifera Guen. Wisconsin A. (Acronycta) hasta Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. A. radcliffei Harz'. Centre, N. Y. A. spinigera Guen. (Acronycta har- veyana Grt.). Wisconsin claresccns Guen. A. (Acronycta) Centre, N. Y. A. (Acronycta) hamamelis Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. A. (Acronycta) superans Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. A. (Acronycta) lithospila Grt. Centre, N. Y. A. tritona Hiibn. Centre, N. Y. A. (Acronycta) connecta Grt. New York A. (Acronycta) funeralis Grt. Centre, N. Y. A. (Microcoelia) fragilis Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. A. (Acronycta) paupercula Grt. Texas A. (Acronycta) vinnula Grt. Al- bany, N. Y. A. grisea JValk. Lewis county, N. Y. A. (Acronycta) afflicta Grt. A. (Acronycta) albarufa Grt. Cen- tre, N. Y. A. modica Walk. (Acronycta exilis Grt.). Kansas A. (Acronycta) ovata Grt. New York A. brumosa Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. A. retardata JValk. (Acronycta dis- secta Grt. & Rob.). Hamilton. Ont. A. (Acronycta) sperata Grt. Centre, N. Y. A. (Acronycta) noctivaga Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. A. (Acronycta) xyliniformis Guen. Kansas : Centre, N. Y. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 85 Acronycta impleta Walk, (luteicoma Grt. &■ Rob.). Centre, N. Y. A. (Acronycta) oblinita Sm. & Abb. Albany, N. Y. Apharetra dentata Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. Acronycta aceris Linn. Europe A. megacephala Fabr. Europe A. tridens Schiff. Europe A. rumicis Linn. Europe A. psi Linn. Europe A. menyanthidis Vieiv. Europe A. auricoma Fabr. Europe A. euphorbiae Fabr. Europe A. abscondita Trcit. Europe Craniophora (Acronycta) ligustri Fabr. Europe Oxycesta (Clidia) geographica Fabr. Europe Eogena contaminei Ez'cr. Russia Simyra dentinosa Frr. Siberia Arsilonche albovenosa Gocze. Al- bany, N. Y. ; Cambridge, Mass. Harrisimemna trisignata JValk. Con- ne'cticut Microcoelia dipteroides Gucn. Sche- nectady, N. Y. M. dipteroides var. obliterata Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. Jaspidea celsia Linn. Berlin J. (Bryophila) lepidula Grt. Centre, N. Y. Bryophila algae Fabr. Europe B. muralis Forst. Hungary B. perla Fabr. Europe B. fraudatricula Hiibn. Europe B. raptricula Hiibn. Europe Diphthera fallax Hcrr.-Schacf. Centre, N. Y. D. alpium Osbcck (Moma orion Esper.). Europe Trichosea (Diphtera) ludifka Linn. Europe Cyathisa percara Morr. Chytonix palliatricula Gucn. Sharon, N. Y. Baileya (Leptina) ophthalmica Giien. Kansas B. (Leptina) doubledayi Gtien. Centre, N. Y. B. (Leptina) dorniitans Gucn. Kit- tery Point, Me. Hadenella (Parastichtis) minuscula Morr. Lewis county, N. Y. Acopa perpallida Grt. Kansas Catabena lineolata Walk. (Adiso- phanes miscellus Grt.). Albany, N. Y. Crambodes talidiformis Gucn. At- lantic States, Kansas Platysenta videns Gucn. (atriciliata Grt.). Texas Balsa (Nolophana) malana- Fitch. Hamilton, Ont. B. tristrigella Walk. (Nolophana zel- leri Grt.). Centre, N. Y. Caradrina meralis Morr. Atlantic States, Colorado C. multifera Walk. Lewis county. N. Y. C. sp. Colorado C. miranda Grt. Albany, N. Y. C. derosa Morr. Centre, N. Y. C. exigua Hiibn. Russia C. quadripunctata Fabr. (cubicularis Bkh.). Europe C selina Boisd. France C. kadenii Frr. Europe C. respersa Hiibn. Europe C. alsines Brahm. Europe C. ambigua Fabr. Europe C. pulmonaris Esp. Europe C. lenta Treit. Europe Perigea xanthioides Gucn. Tiffin, O. P. vecors Gucn. (luxa Grt.). Tif- fin, O. P. epopea Grant, (infelix Gucn.). Savannah, Ga. P. sutor Gucn. (fabrefacta Morr.). Newton, Mass. P. albolabes Grt. Arizona, Las Vegas, N. M. Oligia chalcedonia Hiibn. (arna Gucn.). Centre, N. Y. ; Lewis county, N. Y. O. versicolor Grt. Lewis comity, N. Y. O. fuscimacula Grt. Rockledge, Fla, O. (Caradrina) grata HUbn. Doug- las county, Kan. 86 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Hillia crassis Hcrr.-Scliacf. (scnc- scens Grt.). Lewis county, N. Y. H. algens Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. Hadena claudens ]Valh. (liillii Grt.). Lewis county, N. Y. H. binotata Walk. Washington H. indirecta Grt. Washington H. modica Guen. Centre, N. Y. H. genetrix Grt. Colorado H. mactata Gucn. Albany, N. Y. H. turbulenta Hiibn. Savannah, Ga. H. sp. California H. miseloides Guen. Texas H. semicana Walk. var. fractilinea Grt. Centre, N. Y. H. semicana Walk. (vulgivaga Morr.). Centre, N. Y. H. basilinea Fabr. Europe H. (Luceria) passer Gucn. Lewis county, N. Y. H. (Luceria) burgessi Morr. Ne- braska H. longula Grt. Colorado H. remissa Hiibn. Lewis county, N. Y. H. suffusca Morr. Wisconsin H. vultuosa Grt. Wisconsin H. apamiformis Guen. Albany, N. Y. H. finitima Guen. Albany, N. Y. H. dubitans Walk, (sputatrix Grt.) (lateritia Grt. & Rob.). Lewis county, N. Y. H. ducta Grt. Saranac Lake, N. Y. H. impulsa Gucn. Lewis county, N. Y. H. devastatrix Brace. Lewis countv, N. Y. H. exulis Lefb. Labrador H. pluviosa Walk, (castania Grt.). Washington H. perpensa Grt. Hot Springs H. verbascoides Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. H. cariosa Guen. Douglas county, Kan. H. vulgaris Gj-t. & Rob. Albany, N. Y. H. auranticolor Grt. Colorado H. lignicolor Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. H. inordinata Morr. Maine H. semilunata Grt. Colorado H. arctica Boisd. Centre, N. Y. H. porphyrea Esp. Europe H. solieri Boisd. Russia H. adusta Esp. Europe H. ochroleuca Esp. Europe H. furva Hiibn. Russia H. sordida Bkh. Europe H. Icucodon Ever. Siberia H. monoglypha Hufn. Europe H. (Luperina) ferrago Ever. Ural mts H. lithoxylea Fabr. Europe H. rurea Fabr. Europe H. unanimis Trcit. Europe H. secalis Linn. (didyma Esp.). Europe Miana (Hadena) strigilis Clerck. Europe M. (Hadena) strigilis var. latruncula Hiibn. Europe Oxytripia orbiculosa Esp. Hungary Celaena (Luperina) haworthii Curt. Europe C. (Luperina) matura Hufn. Europe Luceria (Luperina) virens Linn. Europe Calophasia casta Bkh. Europe C. lunula Hufn. Europe Cleophana antirrhinii Hiibn. Europe Scotochrosta pulla Hiibn. Europe Xylocampa areola Esp. Europe Lithocampa ramosa Esp. Europe Macronoctua onusta Grt. Orono, Me. Polia theodori Grt. Colorado P. contacta JValk. Lewis county, N. Y. P. acutissima Grt. Oldtown, Me. P. serpentina Treit. Europe P. polymita Linn. Europe P. rufocincta Hiibn. Europe P. xanthomista Hiibn. Europe P. xanthomista var. nigrocincta Trcit. Europe P. chi Linn. Europe Brachionycha (Asteroscopus) nube- culosa Esp. Europe B. (Asteroscopus) sphinx Hufn. Europe REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 87 Miselia oxyacanthae Linn. Europe Chariptera viridana Walch. Europe Dichonia aprilina Linn. Europe D. aeruginea Hiibn. Europe D. convergens Fabr. Europe Dryobota illocata JValk. (stig.nata Grt.). Centre, N. Y. D. furva Esp. Europe D. roboris Boisd. Europe D. saportae Dtip. Europe D. monochroma Esp. var. suberis Boisd. Europe D. protea Bkh. Europe Rhizogramma detersa Esp. Europe Hyppa xylinoides Gxien. Centre, N. Y. ; Adirondack mts, N. Y. H. rectilinea Esp. Europe Feralia jocosa Guen. Momorphana comstocki Grt. Centre, N. Y. Diloba caeruleocephala Linn. Europe Valeria jaspidea Vill. Europe V. oleagina Fabr. Europe Euplexia lucipara Linn. Centre, N. Y. ; Lewis county, N. Y. Dipterygia scabriuscula Linn. Centre, N. Y. ; Schenectady, N. Y. D. scabriuscula var. spadica ? Europe Rusina umbratica Gocze (tenebrosa Hiibn.). Europe Pyrophila glabella Morr. New Mexico P. (Amphipyra) pyramidoides Gucn. Lewis county, N. Y. P. (Amphipyra) tragopoginis Linn. Europe ; Lewis county, N. Y. Amphipyra tetra Fabr. Europe A. livida Fabr. Europe A. pyramidea Linn. Europe Helotropha leucostigma Hiibn. Europe H. leucostigma var. fibrosa Hiib)i. Europe H. reniformis Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. Prodenia commelinae Sni. & Abb. Jamaica, America P. ornithogalli Gucn. (lineatella Harv.). Tiffin, O. P. ornithogalli Giicn. var. eudiopta Guen. (flavimedia Harv.). Kansas Laphygma frugipcrda Sin. & Abb. Wisconsin L. frugiperda var. obscura Riley. Centre, N. Y. Magusa dissidens Fold. (Stichtoptera divaricata Grt.). Texas Pseudanarta flava Grt. Colorado P. flavidens Grt. Colorado Homohadena badistriga Grt. Ham- ilton, Ont. H. infixa IValk. (kappa Grt.). Lewis county, N. Y. H. induta Harv. Texas Oncocnemis chandleri Grt. Colorado O. riparia Morr. Long Island O. (Homohadena) atrifasciata Morr. Lewis county, N. Y. O. glennyi Grt. Colorado O. confusa Frr. Russia Episema scoriacea Esp. Europe Ulochlaena hirta Hiibn. Russia Aporophyla australis Boisd. Dal- matia A. nigra Hezv. Adita chionanthi Sni. & Abb. Lewis county, N. Y. Copipanolis cubilis Grt. Texas Eutolype rolandi Grt. Texas Psaphidia resumens Walk. (Dicopis muralis Grt.). Newtonville, N. Y. Rhynchagrotis gilvipennis Grt. (Agrotis chardinyi Boisd.). Lewis county, N. Y. R. (Agrotis) rufipectus Morr. Sara- nac Lake, N. Y. R. (Agrotis) brunneicollis Grt. South Abington, Mass. R. (Agrotis) minimalis Grt. Colo- rado R. anchocelioides Guen. (Agrotis cupida Grt.). Centre, N. Y. R. anchocelioides var. brunneipennis Grt. (Agrotis cupida Gr^.). Centre, N. Y. R. (Agrotis) placida Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. R. (Agrotis) variata Grt. Colorado NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Rhynchagrotis (Agrotis) alternata Grt. Centre, N. Y. R. (Agrotis) cupidissima Grt. New Mexico R. (Agrotis) mirabilis Grt. Colorado Adelphagrotis indeterminata Walk. (Agrotis innotabilis Grt.). Wash- ington A. (Eurois) prasina Fabr. Centre, N. Y. Platagrotis (Agrotis) speciosa Hilbn. Labrador P. (Eurois) pressa Grt. Centre, N. Y. P. condita Giien. (Agrotis trobalis Grt.). Centre, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) imperita Hilbn. Labra- dor Eueretagrotis (Agrotis) sigmoides Guen. Centre, N. Y. E. (Agrotis) perattenta Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. E. (Agrotis) attenta Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. Semiophora elimata Grt. (Agrotis dilucidula Morr.). Centre, N. Y. S. (Agrotis) elimata var. badicoUis Grt. Centre, N. Y. S. (Agrotis) elimata var. janualis Grt. Centre, N. Y. S. (Agrotis) opacifrons Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. S. tenebrifera Walk. (Agrotis cath- erina Grt.). New Hampshire Pachnobia carnea Thunb. Labrador P. salicarum Walk. Saranac Lake, N. Y. P. rubricosa Fabr. Europe P. leucographa Hilbn. Europe Setagrotis (Agrotis) vernilis Grt. Colorado Agrotis badinodis Grt. Kittery Point, Me. A. ypsilon Rott. Centre, N. Y. A. geniculata Grt. & Rob. Centre, N. Y. A. polygona Fabr. Europe A. signum Fabr. Europe A. subrosea Stph. var. subcaerulia Stegr. Pomerania A. janthina Esp. Europe A. linogrisea Schiff. Europe A. fimbria Linn. Europe A. intcrjecta Hilbn. Europe A. augur Fabr. Europe A. obscura Braluii. (ravida Brahni.). Europe A. pronuba Linn. Europe A. orbona Hufn. Europe A. comes Hiibn. Europe A. triangulum Hufn. Europe A. baja Fabr. Europe A. candelarum Stcgr. Europe A. c-nigrum Linn. Pomerania A. ditrapezium Bkh. Europe A. stigmatica Hiibn. Europe A. xanthographa Fabr. Europe A. rubi I'iezv. Europe A. florida Schmidt. Europe A. brunnea Fabr. Europe A. primulae Esp. (f estiva Hilbn.). Europe A. depuncta Lijin. Russia A. margaritacea Vill. Switzerland A. anachoreta Hcrr.-Schaef. Russia A. ocellina Hiibn. Europe A. plecta Linn. Europe A. simulans Hufn. Europe A. lucipeta Fabr. Europe A. helvetina Boisd. Europe A. simplonia Hilbn. Europe A. latens Hilbn. Europe A. fimbriola Esp. Europe A. forcipula Hilbn. Europe A. puta Hilbn. Europe A. putris Linn. Europe A. exclamationis Linn. Europe A. nigricans Linn. Europe A. tritici Linn. Europe A. tritici var. aquilina Hiibn. Europe A. vitta Hilbn. Europe A. christophi Stegr. Russia A. obelisca Hiibn. Europe A. corticea Hilbn. Europe A. ypsilon Rott. Europe A. segetum Schiff. Europe A. trux Hiibn. Europe A. conspicua Hiibn. Russia A. vestigialis Rott. Europe A. praecox Linn. Europe REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 89 A. prasina Fabr. Europe Peridroma (Agrotis) occulta Liiui. Europe P. (Eurois) astricta Morr. Lewis county, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) margaritosa Hazv. var. saucia Hiibn. Centre, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) incivis Guen. Atlantic States, California P. (Agrotis) rudens Harv. Texas P. (Agrotis) simplaria Morr. Texas P. digna Morr. (Agrotis nigrovittata Grt.). Texas Noctua smithii Snell. (Agrotis baja Fabr.). Centre, N. Y. N. (Agrotis) normaniana Grt. Centre, N. Y. N. (Agrotis) bicarnea Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. N. (Agrotis) conchis Grt. New Mexico N. (Agrotis) c-nigrum Linn. Centre, N. Y. N. (Agrotis) hospitalis Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. N. jucunda Walk. (Agrotis percon- flua Grt.). Centre, N. Y. N. (Agrotis) phyllophora Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. N. (Agrotis) rubifera Grt. Centre, N. Y. N. oblata Morr. (Agrotis hilliana Harv.). Lewis county, N. Y. N. (Agrotis) rava Hcrr.-Schaef. Labrador N. (Agrotis) fennica Tansch. Lewis county, N. Y. N. (Agrotis) plccta Linn. Albany, N. Y. N. (Agrotis) collaris Grt. & Rob. Lewis county, N. Y. N. (Agrotis) haruspica Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. N. (Agrotis) sierrae Harv. Colo- rado N. (Agrotis) clandestina Harr. Lewis county, N. Y. N. (Agrotis) pyrophiloides Harv. California Noctua (Agrotis) lubricans Guen. Oldtown, Me. X. (Agrotis) lubricans var. beata Grt. New Mexico Chorizagrotis (Agrotis) auxiliaris Grt. Kansas Feltia (Agrotis) subgothica Hazv. Centre, N. Y. F. jaculifera Guen. (Agrotis tricosa Lint.). Lewis county, N. Y. F. (Agrotis) jaculifera var. herilis Grt. Albany, N. Y. F. (Agrotis) circumdata Grt. New Mexico F. (Agrotis) gladiaria Morr. Kit- tery Point, Me. F. (Agrotis) venerabilis Walk. New Berlin, N. Y. F. (Agrotis) aeneipcnnis Grt. Cali- fornia F. (Agrotis) volubilis Harv. Centre, N. Y. F. (Agrotis) annexa Treit. Savan- nah, Ga. F. (Agrotis) malefida Guen. Florida Porosagrotis vetusta Walk. (Agrotis muraenula Grt. & Rob.). Centre, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) mimallonis Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) fusca Boisd. Labrador P. (Agrotis) rileyana Morr. Iowa P. (Agrotis) orthogonia Morr. Colorado Paragrotis (Agrotis) recula Harv. Oregon P. (Agrotis) quadridcntata Grt. & Rob. Colorado P. (Agrotis) olivalis Grt. Colorado P. (Agrotis) ridingsiana Grt. Colo- rado P. (Agrotis) flavidens {Sm.). New Mexico P. (Agrotis) brocha Morr. Colorado P. (Agrotis) perpolita Morr. Centre, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) fumalis Grt. Colorado P. punctigera IValk. (Agrotis pastor- alis Grt.). Colorado 90 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Paragrotis (Agrotis) velleripennis Grt. Nebraska P. (Agrotis) gagates Grt. Colorado P. (Agrotis) scandens Riley. Lewis county, N. Y. P. detersa JValk. (Agrotis pity- chrous Grt.). Evans Center, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) bostoniensis Grt. Centre, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) caenis Grt. Colorado P. (Agrotis) medialis Stn. Centre, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) feniseca Harv. Cali- fornia P. (Agrotis) messoria Harr. Sche- nectady, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) friabilis Grt. Lewi^ county, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) munis Grt. Colorado P. (Agrotis) sl>. California P. vetusta Walk. (Agrotis euroides Grt.). Vancouver Island P. infausta Walk. (Agrotis rufula Sm.) P. insulsa JValk. (Agrotis campestris Grt.) P. (Agrotis) albipennis Grt. Centre, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) tessellata Harr. Lewis county, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) basalis Grt. Colorado P. (Agrotis gularis Grt.) ochrogaster Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) obeliscoides Gucn. Centre, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) perexcellens Grt. Van- couver Island P. divergens Walk. (Agrotis versi- pellis Grt.). Saranac Lake, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) rediniicula Morr. Lewis county, N. Y. P. (Agrotis) atrifera Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. Richia (Ammoconia) chortalis Harv. Colorado R. (Ammoconia) chortalis var. atra- trix Harv. Colorado R. (Ammoconia) parentalis Grt. New Mexico R. (Ammoconia) parentalis var. de- cipiens Grt. Colorado Ammoconia caecimacula Fabr. Eu- rope Anytus privatus Walk, (sculptus Grt.). Center, N. Y. A. privatus (sculptus) var. planus Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. Ufeus plicatus Grt. California Mamestra discalis Grt. (purpuris- sata Grt.). Colorado M. nimbosa Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. M. imbrifera Gucn. Lewis countv, N. Y. M. purpurissata Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. M. meditata Grt. Centre, N. Y. M. lustralis Grt. Lewis county, N.Y. M. detracta Walk. Centre, N. Y. M. atlantica Grt. Cambridge, Mass. M. radix Walk, (dimmccki Grt.). Centre, N. Y. M. subjuncta Grt. & Rob. Centre, N. Y. M. grandis Boisd. Centre, N. Y. M. trifolii Roft. Albany, N. Y. M. trifolii Rotf. (albifusa JValk.). Europe M. trifolii Rott. (chenopodii Fabr.). Europe M. rosea Harv. Centre, N. Y. M. congermana Morr. Centre, N. Y. M. picta Harr. Washington, D. C. M. cristifera JValk. (lubens Grt.). Centre, N. Y. M. assimilis Morr. Lewis county, N. Y. M. assimilis var. Grt. Centre, N. Y. M. adjuncta Boisd. Tiffin, O. M. legitima Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. M. lilacina Harv. Lewis county, N. Y. M. goodellii Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. M. renigera Strph. Lewis county, N. Y. M. stricta JJ^alk. var. cinnabarina Grt. Washington REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 91 Mamestra olivacca Alon: Lewis county, N. Y. M. quadrilineata Grf. California M. laudabilis Giicn. Washington, D. C. M. albogutta Grt. California M. cuneata Grt. California M. lorea Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. M. vicina Grt. Centre, N. Y. M. leucophaea I'iciv. Europe M. advena Fabr. Europe M. tincta Brahm. Europe M. nebulosa Hufn. Europe M. brassicae Linn. Europe M. persicariae Linn. Europe M. oleracea Linn. Europe M. genistae Bkh. Europe M. dissimilis Knock. Europe M. thalassina Rott. Europe M. contigua Vill. Europe M. pisi Linn. Europe M. leineri Frr. var. ponierana Schulz. Europe M. dentina Esp. Europe M. marmorosa Bkh. Europe M. reticulata Vill. Europe M. chrysozona Bkh. Europe M. Serena Fabr. Europe M. cappa Hiibn. Europe Charaeas graminis Linn. Europe Epineuronia (Neuronia) popularis Fabr. Europe E. (Neuronia) cespitis Fabr. Europe Dianthoecia albimacula Bkh. Eu- rope D. nana Rott. Europe D. compta Fabr. Europe D. capsincola Hiibn. Europe D. cucubali Fucssl. Europe D. carpophaga Bkh. Europe D. carpophaga var. capsophila Dup. Europe D. irregularis Hufn. Europe Dargida (Eupsephopaectes) procinc- tus Grt. California Morrisonia (Hadena) sectilis Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. M. sectilis Guen. var. vomerina Grt. Centre, N. Y. M. (Mamestra) muccns Fliibn. Sa- vannah, Ga. M. (Mamestra) confusa Hiibn. Cambridge, Mass. Xylomiges rubrica Harv. California X. patalis Grt. Vancouver Island X. tabulata Grt. Lewis county, N.Y. X. conspicillaris Linn. Europe Scotogramma umbrosa Smith. Colo- rado Ulolonche (Taeniccampa) modesta Morr. Centre, N. Y. U. (Orthosia) disticha Morr. Texas Anarta melanbpa Thunb. Labrador A. richardsoni Curt. Labrador A. myrtilli Linn. Europe A. melaleuca Thunb. Europe Nephelodes minians Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. N. minians var. violans Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. Heliophila (Ler.cania) unipuncta Haza. Centre, N. Y. H. (Leucania) pseudargyria Guen. Centre, N. Y. H. luteopallens Smith (Leucania pal- lens Guen.). Centre, N. Y. H. rubripennis Grt. & Rob. Texas H. (Leucania) albilinea HUbn. Al- bany, N. Y. H. ligata Grt. Florida H. insueta Guen. (Leucania adonea Grt.). Lewis county, N. Y. H. multilinea . IValk. (Leucania lapidaria Grt.). Centre, N. Y. H. (Leucania) commoides Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. H. (Leucania) phragmitidicola Guen. Centre, N. Y. Meliana flammea Curt. Russia Sesamia cretica Led. Europe Leucania impudens Hiibn. Silesia L. impura Hiibn. Europe L. pallens Linn. Europe L. obsoleta Hiibn. Europe L. comma Linn. Europe L. 1-album Linn. Europe L. vitellina Hiibn. Dalniatia L. conigera Fabr. Europe 92 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Leucania albipuncta Fabr. France L. lythargyria Esp. Europe L. turca Linii. Europe Mythimna imbecilla Fabr. Europe Grammesia trigrammica Hnfii. Europe Zosteropoda hirtipes Grt. California Trichorthosia parallela Grt. New Mexico Orthodes crenulata Butler. Lewis county, N. Y. O. cynica Guen. Colorado ; Centre, N. Y. O. cynica var. Grt. Centre, N. Y. O. (Taeniocampa) puerilis Grt. Cal- ifornia O. (Taeniocampa) agrotiformis Grt. New Mexico Himella contrahens Walk. (Taenio- campa thecata Morr.). Saranac Lake, N. Y. Perigrapha cincta Fabr. Europe Taeniocampa gothica Linn. Europe T. miniosa Fabr. Europe T. pulverulenta Esp. (cruda Treit.). Europe T. populeti Treit. Europe T. stabilis Viezv. Europe T. incerta Hiifn. Europe T. cpima Hiibn. Europe T. gracilis Fabr. Europe T. munda Esp. Europe Panclis griseovariegata Goecc (pini- perda Pans.). Europe Crccigrapha normani Grt. Centre, N. Y. Graphiphora (Taeniocampa) rufula Grt. California G. (Taeniocampa) oviducta Guen. Centre, N. Y. G. (Mamestra) vindemialis Guen. Centre, N. Y. G. (Taeniocampa) alia Guen. Tif- fin, O. G. (Taeniocampa) subterminata Sm. South Abington, Mass. G. (Agrotis) planalis Grt. New Mexico Dyschorista fissipuncta Hezv. Europe Plastenis retusa Linn. Europe Cirrhoedia ambusta Fabr. Europe C. xerampelina Hiibn. England Tricholita signata Walk, (semiaperta Morr.). Kittery Point, Me. Xylina disposita Morr. Centre, N. Y. X. petulca Grt. Centre, N. Y. X. hemina Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. X. antennata Walk. Centre, N. Y. X. laticinerea Grt. Centre, N. Y. X. grotei Riley (cinerosa Grt.). Centre, N. Y. X. fcrrealis Grt. Lewis county, N. Y, X. signosa JValk. Centre, N. Y. X. bethunei Grt. Lewis county ; Centre, N. Y. X. semiusta Grt. Centre, N. Y. X. fagina Morr. Centre, N. Y. X. georgii Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. X. unimoda Lint. Centre, N. Y. X. tepida Grt. Centre, N. Y. X. baileyi Grt. New York X. querquera Grt. Centre, N. Y. X. lepida Lint. Centre, N. Y. X. thaxteri Grt. (cambda Grt.). Centre, N. Y. X. pexata Grt. Centre, N. Y. X. capax Grt. & Rob. Centre, N. Y. X. semibrunnea Hezv. Clarente, France X. socia Rott. Europe X. furcifera Hufn. Europe X. ingrica Herr.-Schaef. Norway X. ornitopus Rott. Europe Litholomia napaea Morr. Orono, Me. Calocampa nupera Lint. Centre, N. Y. C. thoracica Pnt.-Crani. Saranac Lake, N. Y. C. cineritia Grt. Saranac Lake, N. Y. C. curvimacula Morr. Centre, N. Y. C. vetusta Hiibn. Europe C. exoleta Linn. Europe C. solidaginis Hiibn. Europe Cucullia convexipennis Grt. & Rob. Lewis county, N. Y. C. montanae Grt. Colorado C. postera Guen. Adirondack mts, N. Y. C. asteroides Guen. Albany, N. Y. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 93 Cucullia speyeri Lint. Albany, N. Y. C. intermedia Spcy. Lewis county, N. Y. C. serraticornis Lint. Colorado C. verbasci Linn. Holland C. scrophulariae Capiciix. Holland C. lychnitis Rambur. Europe C. thapsiphaga Treit. Europe C. blattariae Esp. Europe C. asteris Schiff. Europe C. lactea Fabr. Russia C. balsamitae Boisd. Russia C. tanaceti Schiff. Clarente, France C. umbratica Linn. Europe C. lucifuga Hi'ibn. Europe C. lactucae Esp. Europe C. chamomillae Schiff. Europe C. fraudatrix Ev. Europe C. scopariae Dorf. Europe C. artemisiae Hufn. Europe C. absinthii Linn. Europe C. argentea Hufn. Europe C. argentina Fabr. Europe Eutelia (Eurphipia) adulatrix Hi'ibn. Europe Bellura gortynides ]]\^lk. (Arzama densa Walk.). Hamilton, Ont. B. (Arzama) diffusa Grt. Hamilton, Ont. Nonagria subflava Grt. Kittery Point, Me. N. cannae Och. Europe N. sparganii Esp. Europe N. typhae Thunb. (arundinis Fabr.). Hungary N. geminipuncta Hatch. Europe Ommatostola lintneri Grt. Centre, N. Y. Achatodes zeae Harr. Lewis county, N. Y. Hydroecia micacea Esp. Europe Apamea testacea Hilbn. Europe Gortyna velata JValk. (Apamea sera Grt. & Rob.). Lewis county, N. Y. G. (Apamea) nictitans Bkh. Lewis county, N. Y. G. (Apamea) immanis Gucn. Centre. N. Y. ■; ; : G. ochracea Hiibn. Thuringia Papaipema (Gortyna) purpurifascia Grt. & Rob. Centre, N. Y. P. (Gortyna) nitela Gucn. Beverly, Mass. P. (Gortyna) nitela var. ncbris Gucn. South Abington, Mass. P. (Gortyna) cataphracta Grt. Hamilton, Ont. P. (Gortyna) impecuniosa Grt. Centre, N. Y. P. (Gortyna) rutila Gucn. ]\It Kisco, N. Y. Pyrrhia (Chariclea) umbra Hufn. Russia P. umbra var. exprimens Walk. Centre, N. Y. ; Lewis county, N. Y. Chariclea delphinii Linn. Russia Xanthia flavago Fabr. (lutea Strom.). Centre, N. Y. ; Germany X. citrago Linn. Europe X. sulphurago Fabr. Europe X. aurago Fabr. Germany X. fulvago Linn. Europe X. gilvago Esp. Europe X. ocellaris Bkh. France Hoporina croceago Fabr. Europe Jodia rufago Hiibn. Washington, D. C. Brotolomia iris Gucn. Centre, N. Y. Trigonophora periculosa Gucn. Centre, N. Y. T. periculosa var. v-brunneum Grt. Centre, N. Y. T. flammea Esp. Europe Conservula anodonta Gucn. Cam- bridge, Mass. Eucirroedia pampina Gucn. Centre, N. Y. Scoliopteryx libatrix Linn. Lewis county, N. Y. ; Europe Tapinostola elymi Trcif. Europe Fagitana littera Gucn. (Pseudolima- codes niveicostatus Grt.). Centre, N. Y. Cosmia paleacea Esp. (infumata Grt.). Centre, N. Y. ; Europe C. abluta Hiibn. Europe Orthosia purpurea Grt. (crispa Harz:). Dallas, Or. O. ralla Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. 94 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Orthosia bicolorago Gucn. (var. fer- ruginoides Guen.). Centre, N. Y. O. euroa Grt. &■ Rob. Centre, N. Y. O. conradi Grt. Colorado O. helva Grt. Centre, N. Y. O. lutosa Andrews. Schenectady. N. Y. O. ruticilla Esp. Holland O. Iota Clerc. Hungary O. macilenta Hiibii. Europe O. circellaris Hufn. Europe O. ferrugineoides Gucn. Europe O. helvola Linn. (rufina Linn.). Europe O. pistacina Fabr. France O. nitida Fabr. Europe O. laevis Hiibn. Europe O. litura Linn. Europe Parastichtis discivaria Walk, (gentilis Grt.). Centre, N. Y. P. discivaria var. perbellis Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. Scopelosoma indirecta Walk, (graefi- ana Grt.). Corning, N. Y. S. moffatiana Grt. Hamilton, Ont. S. pettiti Grt. Hamilton. Ont. S. ceromatica Grt. Hamilton, Ont. S. tristigmata Grt. Centre, N. Y. S. walkeri Grt. Corning, N. Y. S. sidus Guen. (vinulenta Grt.). Hamilton, Ont. S. morrisoni Grt. Hamilton, Ont. S. devia Grt. Hamilton, Ont. S. satellitia Linn. Europe Orrhodia fragariae Esp. Europe O. erythrocephala Fabr. Europe O. veronicae Hiibn. Europe O. vau punctatum Esp. Thuringia O. vaccinii Linn. Europe O. ligula Esp. Europe O. rubiginea Fabr. Europe Glaea (Epiglaea) sericea Morr. Centre, N. Y. Epiglaea pastillicans Morr. Centre, N. Y. E. tremula Harz: Texas E. apiata Grt. Centre, N. Y. E. decliva Grt. Centre, N. Y. Homoglaea hircina Morr. Centre, N. Y. H. carnosa Grt. Centre, N. Y. Calymnia orina Gucn. Hamilton, Ont. C. pyralina Vien: Europe C. affinis Linn. Europe C. diffinis Li)in. Europe C. trapezina Grt. Europe Zothcca tranquilla Grt. California Ipiniorpha pleonectusa Grt. Hamil- ton, Ont. Mesogona oxalina Hiibn. Europe M. acetosellae Fabr. Europe Dicycla oo Linn. Dalmatia Grotella dis Grt. Las Vegas, X. ^L Xycterophaeta (Cucullia) luna Morr. Colorado Copablepharon album Harz: Colo- rado C. absidum Harv. Colorado Heliothis armiger Hiibn. Tiffin, O. H. phlogophagus Grt. & Rob. Utah, California H. cognata Err. Europe H. cardui Hiibn. Europe H. purpurascens Tausch. Russia H. dipsacea Linn. Europe H. scutosa Scliiff. Europe H. peltigera ScJiifF. Russia H. armigera Hiibn. Dalmatia H. incarnata Err. Russia Mycteroplus puniceago Boisd. Russia Rhcdophora (Alaria) gaurae Sm. & Abb. Texas R. Florida Gucn. Texas R. (Oxylos) citrinellus Grt. & Rob. Texas Porrima (Heliothis) regia Strcck. Kansas Eupanychis (Heliothis") spinosae Guen. ? Atlantic States Schinia (Tricopis) chrysellus Grt. Texas S. unimacula Sm. Colorado S. acutilinea Grt. (Lygran'.hoecia separata Grt.). Colorado S. (Lygranthoecia) lynx Gucn. Centre, N. Y. S. (Tamila) tertia Grt. Texas S. (Lygranthoecia) jaguarina Gucn. Nebraska REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 95 Schinia arcifera Guen. (Lygran- thoecia spraguei Grf.). Brooklyn, N. Y. S. packardii Grt. (Anthoecia nobilis Grt.). Colorado S. (Lygranthoecia) thoreaui Grt. & Rob. ? Southern States S. marginata Hatv. (Lygranthoecia rivulosa Guen.). Mt Kisco, N. Y. S. (Lygranthoecia) brevis Grt. Al- bany, N. Y. Dasyspoudaea (Heliothis) lucens Morr. Nebraska D. (Tamila) mc.adii Grt. Colorado Pseudotamila (Tamila) vanella Grt. Nevada Melicleptria (Adonisea) pulchripen- nis Grt. Southern California M. villosa Grt. New Mexico M. villosa var. persimilis Grt. Cali- fornia Heliolonche modicella Grt. Cali- fornia Heliodes rupicola Hiibn. Hungary Omia cymbalariae Hiibn. Russia Xantho.des graellsii Feist. Catalonia Xanthothrix ranunculi Hy. Ediv. California Axenus arvalis Grt. California Heliaca (Melicleptria) diminutiva Grt. California H. tenebrata Scop. Europe Psychomorpha epimenis Dru. Kan- sas Euthisanotia (Eudryas) unio Hiibn. Ohio E. (Eudryas) grata Fabr. New York E. timais Hiibn. Jamaica Noropsis (Euglyphia) hieroglyphica Cramer. Jamaica Cirrhophanus (Chariclea) triangulifer Grt. Tiffin, O. Basilodes pepita Guen. Texas B. chrysopis Grt. New Mexico Stiria rugifrons Grt. Colorado Stibadium spumosum Grt. Kansas Plagiomimicus pityochromus Grt. Colorado Plusiodonta compressipalpis Guen. Texas Calpe canadensis Beth. Centre, N.Y. C. capucina Esp. Schwerin Panchrysia (Deva) purpurigera Walk. Orono, Me. Polychrysia (Plusia) formosa Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. Plusia aerea Hiibn. Centre, N. Y. P. aeroides Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. P. balluca Geyer. Orono, Me. P. c-aureum Knock. Europe P. deaurata Esp. Europe P. moneta Fabr. Europe P. cheiranti Tausch. Europe P. variabilis Filler (illustris Fabr.). Europe P. modesta Hiibn. Hungary P. consona Fabr. Europe P. chrysitis Fabr. Europe P. chryson Esp. Europe P. bractea Fabr. Schwerin P. festucae Linn. Europe P. pulchrina Hew. Europe P. jota Linn. Europe P. gamma Linn. Europe P. circumflexa Linn. Russia P. daubei Boisd. Europe P. ni Hiibn. Russia P. interrogationis Linn. Europe P. hochenwarthi Hoch. Europe P. devergens Hiibn. Europe Euchalcia (Plusia) conte.xta Grt. Albany, N. Y. E. (Plusia) festuca Linn. var. put- nami Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. E. venusta Walk. (Plusia striatella Grt.). Orono, Me. Eosphoropteryx (/Plusia) thyatiroides Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. Autographa (Plusia) mappa Grt. & Rob. Adirondack mts, N. Y. A. (Plusia) bimaculata S/r/) A. Orono, Me. A. (Plusia) biloba Stcpli. New Hampshire A. (Plusia) verruca Fabr. Savan- nah, Ga. A. rogationis Guen. (Plusia dyaus Grt.). Indian river, Fla. A. (Plusia) precationis Guen. Al- bany, N. Y. 96 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Autographa (Plusia) gamma Linn, var. californica Spcycr. California A. (Plusia) ou Gucn. Texas A. brassicae Riley (Plusia ni Hiibii.). Centre, N. Y. A. (Plusia) octoscripta Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. A. rectangula Kirby (Plusia mortu- oruni Guen.). Lewis county, N. Y. A. (Plusia) u-aureum Guen. Adi- rondack mts, N. Y. A. selecta JFa/^. (Plusia viridisignata Grt.). Lewis county, N. Y. A. (Plusia) epigaea Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. A. (Plusia) ampla Walk. Adiron- dack mts, N. Y. A. (Plusia) falcigera Kirby var. simplex Guen. Centre, N. Y. A. (Plusia) pasiphaeia Grt. Rock- ledge, Fla. A. (Plusia) sackeni Grt. Santa Fe Canyon, N. M. Syngrapha. (Plusia) hochenwarthi Hoch. Colorado Abrostola urentis Guen. Tiffin, O. A. triplasia Linn. Europe A. (Plusia) asclepiadis Schiff. Europe A. tripartita Hufn. Holland Ogdoconta (Telesilla) cincreola Guen. Centre, N. Y. Telesilla amethystina Hiibn. Europe Paectes (Ingura) delineata Guen. ? Atlantic States P. pygmaea Hiibn. (Ingura praepilata Grt.). Texas P. (Ingura) occulatrix Guen. Brook- lyn, N. Y. Marasmalus inficita IValk. (histrio Grt.). ? Atlantic States Amyna orbica Morr. (Chytoryza tecta Grt.). Texas Alabama (Aletia) argillacea Hiibn. Centre, N. Y. Anomis erosa Hiibn. Jamaica Scolecocampa liburna Geyer. New York Cilia distenia Grt. Texas Amolita fessa Grt. Mt Kisco, N. Y. Rivula propinqualis Guen. Centre, N. Y. Doryodes bistriaris Geyer (acutaria Herr.-Schaef.). Long Island Phiprosopus callitrichoides Grt. Texas Annaphila diva Grt. California A. decia Grt. California A. depicta Grt. California Eustrotia (Erastria) albidula Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. E. (Erastria) concinnimacula Guen. Albany, N. Y. E. (Erastria) synocbitis Grt. & Rob. Albany, N. Y. E. (Erastria) muscoscula Guen. Centre, N. Y. E. (Erastria) apicosa Haiu. Centre, N. Y. E. (Erastria) carneola Guen. Centre, N. Y. E. (Erastria) dividua Grt. Texas Erastria argentula Hiibn. Europe E. uncula Clerck. Europe E. pusilla Viezv. Europe E. deceptoria Sco[>. Europe E. fasciana Linn. Europe Galgula bepara Guen. Centre, N. Y. G. hepara var. partita Guen. (sub- partita Guen.). Centre, N. Y. Lithacodia bellicula Hiibti. Long Island Protbymia rbodarialis Walk, (coc- cineifascia Grt.). Massachusetts P. viridaria Clerck. Europe Emmelia trabealis Scop. (Agropliila sulphurea Linn.). Europe Exyra rolandiana Grt. Massacliusetts Xanthoptera nigrofimbria Guen. Rockledge, Fla. X. semiflava Guen. Texas Eublemma (Thalpochares) arcuinna Hiibn. Europe Thalpochares dardouini Boisd. Europe T. respersa Hiibn. Europe T. chlorotica Led. Russia T. concinnula Boisd. Russia T. communimacula Hiibn. Europe T. rosea Hiibn. Europe REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 97 Thalpochares purpurina Hitbn. Hun- gary T. paula Hiibn. Europe Metoponia obtusa Hcrr.-ScJiacf. ? South Atlantic States Chamyris cerintha Trcit. Lewis county, N. Y. Therasea (Tarache) angustipennis Grt. Colorado Phlogophora (Habrintis) scita liiibii. Russia Brotolomia meticulosa Linn. Europe Mania maura Linn. Europe Naenia typica Linn. Europe Tarache flavipennis Grt. California T. (Acontia) lactipennis Han: Texas T. (Acontia) biplaga Giicn. Texas T. (Acontia) aprica Hiibn. Texas T. (Acontia) erastrioides Gucn. Texas T. (Acontia) candefacta Hiibn. Centre, N. Y. Acontia lucida Hufn. (solaris Esp.). Europe A. luctuosa Esp. Europe Spragueia leo Gucn. Savannah, Ga. S. dama Gucn. Savannah, Ga. Cloantha hyperici Fobr. Europe C. polyodon Clcrck. Europe C. radiosa Esp. Europe Callopistria (Eriopus) floridensis Guen. Florida C. (Eriopus) purpureofasciata Filler. Europe C. (Eriopus) latreillci Lhtp. Dal- matia Polyphaenis sericata Esp. Europe Trachea atriplicis Linn. Europe Metathorasa (Herrichia) monitifera Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. Euherrichia (Herrichia) mollissima Guen. Centre, N. Y. Pangrapta decoralis Hiibn. Lewis county, N. Y. Hyamia (Spargaloma) sexpunctata Grt. Centre, N. Y. H. perditalis IValk. (Spargaloma umbrifascia Grt.). Kansas 1: Homopyralis discalis Grt. Centre, N. Y. H. contracta IValk. (tactus Grt.). Lewis county, N. Y. H. tantillus Grt. Rockledge, Fla. Hypsoropha hormos Hiibn. Georgia Hyblaea puera Cram. Jamaica Drasteria crechtea Hiibn. Centre, N. Y. D. cacrulea Grt. California Anophia leucomelas Linn. Europe I* Aedia funesta Esp. Europe ^^ Catephia alchymista Schiff. Hungar}!, "^ Pseudophia lunaris Schiff. Europe f\ M^ P. tirhaca Cram. Europe «»_ t ^ Caenurgia (Litosea) convalescensr^ 1 Gucn. Atlantic States n< \ ■. Euclidia cuspidea Hiibn. Hamilton, |^ **■ Ont. 0- 2 E. triquetra Fabr. Hungary E. mi Clcrck. Europe E. glyphica Linn. Europe Panula inconstans Gucn. Texas Meliopotis nigrescens Grt. & Rob. Texas M. pallescens Grt. & Rob. Texas M. (Bolina) limbolaris Gcycr. Ham- ilton, Ont. M. jucunda Hiibn. Savannah, Ga. Cirrhobolina deducta Morr. Texas C. mexicana Bchr. Texas Syneda graphica Fliibn. ? Atlantic States S. adumbrata Bchr. Colorado S. ingeniculata Morr. Texas S. howlandii Grt. Colorado Catocala epione Dru. Kansas C. agrippina Streck. Texas C. lacrymosa Gucn. Dallas, Tex. C. lacrymosa var. evelina French. Saranac Lake, N. Y. C. viduata Gucn. Texas C. vidua Sin. & Abb. (desperata Gucn.). New York city; Tiffin, O. C. retecta Grt. Hamilton, Ont. C. ilebilis Grt. Albany, N. Y. C. robinsonii Grt. New York city; Carbondale, 111. 98 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Catocala obscura Strcck. New York city; Carbondale, 111. C. residua Grt. Tiffin, O. C. insolabilis Gucn. Ohio C. angusi Grt. New York city C. angusi var. lucetta Hy. Edw. Carbondale, 111. C. Judith Streck. (levettei Grt.). New York city C. tristis Edw. New York city C. relicta Walk. Centre, N. Y. C. relicta var. bianca Hy. Edzv. Centre, N. Y. C. relicta var. phryne Hy. Edzv. Centre, N. Y. C. cara Guen. Albany, N. Y. C. cara var. silvia Hy. Edzv. Car- bondale, 111. C. cara var. carissima Hulst. Florida C. amatrix Hilbn. Albany, N. Y. C. amatrix var. murus Walk. Centre, N. Y. C. marmorata Edzv. California C. concumbens Walk. Centre, N. Y. C. concumbens var. hillii Grt. Centre, N. Y. C. californica Edzv. California C. californica var. perdita Hy. Edzv. California C. luciana Hy. Edw. Nebraska C. walshii Edw. Texas C stretchii Behr. California C. semirelicta Grt. Colorado C. unijuga Walk. Lewis county, N. Y. C. meskei Grt. Albany, N. Y. C. mariana Hy. Edzv. California C. mariana var. francesca Hy. Edw. California C. grotiana Bailey. Colorado C. hermia Hy. Edzv. Colorado C. briseis Edw. Lewis county, N. Y. C. faustina Streck. Utah C. irene Behr. California C. irene var. virgilia Hy. Edzv. Cali- fornia C. parta Gtien. Lewis county, N. Y. C. coccinata Grt. Wisconsin C. circe Strcck. Texas C. aholibah Streck. California C. verrilliana Grt. var. ophelia Hy. Edzv. New Mexico C. ultronia Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. C. ilia Cram. Michigan C. ilia var. uxor Guen. Coldwater, Mich. C. innubens Giicii. Kansas C. innubens var. scintillans Grt. & Rob. Virginia C. nebulosa Edw. New York city C. piatrix Grt. Kansas C. neogama Sin. & Ahh. Centre, N. Y. C. subnata Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. C. cerogama Gucn. Centre, N. Y. C. cerogama var. bunkeri Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. C. palaeogama Gucn. Kansas C. consors Gucn. Douglas county, Kan. C. mulicrcula Gucn. New York city C. delilah Strcck. (adoptiva Grt.). Texas C. illecta Walk. Dayton, O. C. serena Edzv. New York city C. antinympha Hubn. Centre, N. Y. C badia Grt. & Rob. Kittery Point, Me. C. coelebs Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. C. habilis Grt. Albany, N. Y. C. clintonii Grt. Atlantic States C. abbreviatella Grt. Douglas county, Kan. C. whitneyi Dodge. Douglas county, Kan. C. nuptialis Walk. Schenectady, N. Y. C. polygania Gucn. Lewis county, N. Y. C. polygama var. crataegi Saund. Maine C. polygania var. mira Grt. Douglas county, Kan. C. pretiosa Lint. Albany, N. Y. C. amasia Sni. & Abb. Florida C. Cordelia Hy. Edzv. Douglas county, Kan. C. similis Edw. (formula Grt. & Rob.). Texas REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 99 Catocala similis var. aholah Strcck. Georgiana, Fla. C. fratercula Grt. & Rob. Texas C. fratercula var. atarah Streck. Rcckledge, Fla. C. praeclara Grt. & Rob. Lewis county, N. Y. C. gracilis Ediv. Centre, N. Y. C. arnica Hiibn. (androphila Guen.). Albany, N. Y. C. arnica var. lineella Grt. Albany, N. Y. C. fraxini Linn. Europe C. electa Bkli. Hungary C. elocata Esp. Hungary C. puerpera Giorna. Hungary C. nupta Linn. Holland C. dilecta Hiibn. Dalmatia C. sponsa Linn. Europe C. promissa Esp. Europe C. conjuncta Esp. Europe C. pacta Linn. Europe C. hymenaea Schiff. Europe C. fulminea Scop. (paranynipba Esp.) Hungary C. conversa Esp. Europe C. conversa var. agamos Hiibn. Europe C. diversa Hiibn. Dalmatia C. nymphagoga Esp. Dalmatia Allotria elonympha Hiibn. Albany, N. Y. Andrewsia messalina Giicn. (bel- fragiana Harv.). Douglas county, Kan. Euparthenos (Parthenos) nubilis Hiibn. Albany, N. Y. Apopestes (Spintherops) spectrum Esp. Europe Exophyla rectangularis Hiibn. Europe Hypocala andremona Cram. (hilH Lint.). Centre, N. Y. Litocala sexsignata Harv. Arizona Toxocampa victoria Grt. Las Vegas, N. M. T. pastinum Treit. Europe '1 . craccae Fabr. Dalmatia T. limosa Treit. Hungary Phoberia atomaris Hiibn. Washing- ton, D. C. Siavana repanda Walk. (Harveya auripennis Grt.). Florida Panapoda rufimargo Hiibn. Albany, N. Y. P. rufimargo var. carneicosta Guen. Douglas county, Kan. Parallelia bistriaris Hiibn. Centre, N. Y. Agnomonia anilis Dru. Douglas county, Kan. Remigia repanda Fabr. (latipes Guen.). Rockledge, Fla. R. repanda Fafcr. (hexastylus Harv.). Kansas Leucanitis stolida Fabr. Europe Grammodes algira Linn. Dalmatia G. geometrica Fabr. (bifasciata Petag.). Europe Poaphila quadrifilaris Hiibn. Centre, N. Y. Phurys vinculum Guen. Rockledge, Fla. Celiptera frustulum Guen. Mt Kisco, N. Y. C. bucetum Grt. Las Vegas, N. M. Anticarsia gemmatilis Hiibn. Wis- consin Strenoloma lunilinea Grt. Kansas Campometra amella Guen. (Homop- tera stylobata Harv.). Texas C. (Homoptera) mima Harv. Texas Trama detrahens Walk. (arrosa Harv.). Douglas county, Kan. T. hinna Geyer. Archer, Fla. Matigramma pulverilinea Grt. Texas M. pulversoa Walk, (laena Harv.). Texas Zale horrida Hiibn. Centre, N. Y. Selenis monotropa Grt. Texas Pheocyma lunifera Hiibn. Texas P. umbrina Grt. Arizona Ypsia undularis Dru. Centre, N. Y. Y. undularis var. aeruginosa Guen. Centre, N. Y. Pseudanthroecia coracias Guen. Las Vegas, N. M. Homoptera lunata Dru. Albany, N. Y. H. lunata var. edusa Dru. Centre, N. Y. H. rubi Hy. Ediv. Arizona lOO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Homoptera minerea Giteii. Centre, N. Y. H. calycanthata Sm. & Abb. Centre, N. Y. H. eclusina Harv. Texas H. edusina var. atritincta Harv. Texas H. penna Mori: Douglas county, Kan. H. unilineata Grt. Centre, N. Y. H. obliqua Gucii. Centre, N. Y. H. duplicata Beth. Centre, N. Y. H. benesignata Harv. Centre, N. Y. Erebus odora Linn. Cuba E. hercyna Dru. Brazil E. strix Linn. Brazil Thysania zenobia Cram. Jamaica Epizeuxis americalis Guen. Centre, N. Y. E. aemula Hiibn. Centre, N. Y. E. (Pseudoglossa) lubricalis Geycr. Lewis county, N. Y. E. (Pseudoglossa) denticulalis Harv. Kansas E. rotundalis IValk. (borealis Sm.). Centre, N. Y. E. (Helia) calvaria Fabr. Europe Zanclognatha laevigata Grt. Atlantic States Z. (Pityolita) pedipilalis Guen. Centre, N. Y. Z. cruralis Giieit. Adirondacks, N. V. Z. protumnusalis Walk, (minamalis Grt.). Rockledge, Fla. Z. marcidilinea Grt. Albany, N. Y. Z. (Megachyta) lituralis Hiibn. Centre, N. Y. Z. theralis IValk. (Megachyta de- ceptricalis ZelL). Hamilton, Ont. Z. (Megachyta) inconspicualis Grt. Adirondack mts, N. Y. Z. tarsiplumalis Hiibn. Europe Z. tarsicrinalis Knock. Europe Z. emortualis Schiff. Europe Herminia tentacularia Linn. Russia Hormisa absorptalis Walk. (Litog- natha nubilifascia Grt.). Lewis county, N. Y. Philometra metcnalis Walk, (longi- labris Grt.). Lewis county, N. Y. P. eumelusalis Walk, (serraticornis Grt.). Centre, N. Y. Chytolita morbidalis Gnen. Ohio C. morbidalis var. petrealis Grt. Centre, N. Y. Renia salusalis Walk, (brevirostralis Grt.). Rockledge, Fla. R. discoloralis Guen. Mt Kisco, N. Y. R. sobrialis Walk. var. larvalis Grt. Archer, Fla. R. clitosalis Walk, (centralis Grt.). Rockledge, Fla. R. factiosalis Walk. (plcnilincalis Grt.). Centre, N. Y. R. flavipunctalis Gcyer (bclfragci Grt.). Lewis county, N. Y. Bleptina caradrinalis Guen. Centre, N. Y. Pechipogon barbalis Clcrck. Europe Tetanolita mynesalis Walk, (lixalis Grt.). Rockledge, Fla. Hetcrogramma pyramusalis ]Valk. (Phalaenophana rurigena Grt.). Centre, N. Y. Gaberasa ambigualis Walk. Eulin- ternia bifidalis Grt.). Centre, N. Y. Palthis angulalis Hiibn. Adirondack mts, N. Y. P. asopialis Guen. Rockledge, Fla. Capis curvata Grt. Mt Kisco, N. Y. Salia interpuncta Grt. Centre, N. Y. Lomanaltes eductalis Walk, (laetul- lus Grt.). Lewis county, N. Y. Bomolccha manalis JValk. Mt Kisco, N. Y. B baltimoralis Guen. Adirondack mts, N. Y. B. albalienalis JValk. Centre, N. Y. B. madefactalis Guen. (Macrohy- pena profecta Grt.). Hamilton, Ont. B. edictalis Walk. (Meghypena velli- fera Grt.). Lewis county, N. Y. B. fontis Thunb. Germany Plathypena scabra Fabr. Centre, N. V. Hypena humuli Harr. (evanidalis Rob.). Albany, N. Y. H. proboscidalis Linn. Europe H. palpalis Hiibn. Europe H. rostralis Linn. Europe H. lividalis Hiibn. Europe . REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 Nycteolidae Nycteola (Sarrothripus) revayana Scop. Lewis county, N. Y. Pericopidae Gnophaela latipennis Boisd. (hofferi Grt. & Rob.). Colorado G. latipennis var. vermiciilata Grt. & Rob. Colorado Flavinia dichroa Pcrtg. Rio de Janeiro Dioptidae Phryganidia californica Pack. Cali- fornia Lauron crgolis Walk. Java L. (Dioptis) vinosa Dm. Brazd Dioptis divisa Iliibn. Brazil Thaumetopoedae Thaumetopoeda (Cnethocampa) pro- | T. (Cnethocampa) pityocampa Schiff. cessionea Linn. Europe j Dalniatia Apatelodes torrefacta Siii. & Abb. Glenville, N. Y. A. angelica Grt. Kittery Point, Me. Melalopha (Ichthyura) inclusa Hiibn. Centre, N. Y. M. (Ichthyura) strigosa Grt. Kittery Point, Me. M. (Pygaera) albosigma Fitch. Centre, N. Y. Pygaera anastomosis Linn. Europe P. curtula Linn. Europe P. anachoreta Fabr. Thuringia P. pigra Hufn. Europe Phalera bucephala Linn. Europe P. bucephaloides Och. Europe Datana ministra Dm. Long Island D. angusi Grt. & Rob. Kittery Point, Me. D. major Grt. & Rob. Long Island D. floridana Graef. Florida D. perspicua Grt. & Rob. Long Island D. integerrima Grt. & Rob. D. contracta IValk. Tiffin, O. Ptilophora plumigera Esp. Hungary Pterostoma palpina Linn. Thuringia Lophopteryx camelina Linn. Europe L. cucuUa Esp. Europe Notodontidae Ochrostigma (Drynobia) velitaris Lhtfn. Europe O. (Drynobia) melagona Bkh. Eu- rope Odontosia (Lophopteryx) carmelila Esp. Europe Leucodonta (Notodonta) bicoloria Schiff. Russia Spatalia (Notodonta) argentina Schiff. Europe Hypcraeschra (Notodonta) stragula Grt. Glenville, N. Y. Notodonta basitriens Walk. Sharon, N. Y. N. simplaria Gracf. New York N. ziczac Linn. France N. dromedarius Linn. Europe N. phoebe Sicbcrt. (torva Hiibn.). Europe N. tritophus Esp. Europe N. trepida Esp. Europe Pheosia dimidiata Hcrr.-Schacf. (rimosa Pack.). Colorado P. (Notodonta) tremula Clcrck. Europe P. (Notodonta) dictaeoides Esp. Europe I02 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Drymonia (Notodonta) chaonia Hiibii. Europe Iloplitis (Hybocampa) milhauscri Fabr. Dalmatia Lophodonta ferruginea Pack. Adi- rondack mts, N. Y. L. angulosa Sin. & Abb. Hamilton, Out. Nadata gibbosa Sfii. & Abb. Hamil- ton, Ont. Nerice bidentata Walk. Hamilton, Ont. Symmerista (Edema) albifrons Stn. & Abb. Hamilton, Ont. Exaereta (Uropus) ulmi Schiff. Europe Stauropus fagi Linn. Europe Litodonta hydromeli Hazv. Texas Heterocampa obliqua Pack. Georgia H. manteo Doubl. (subalbicans Grt.). Ocean Beach, N. J. H. biundata Walk. Saranac Lake, N. Y. H. (Seirodonta) bilineata Pack. Kittery Point, Me. lanassa lignicolor IValk. Lewis county, N. Y. Schizura ipomoeae Doubl. (Coelo- dasys biguttata Pack.). Saranac Lake, N. Y. S. ipomoeae var. cinereofrons Pack. Kittery Point, Me. S. (Oedamasia) concinna Sm. & Abb. Lewis county, N. Y. S. semirufescens Walk. (Oedamasia cximia Grt.). Kittery Point, Me. S. (Coelodasys) unicornis Sni. & Abb. Centre, N. Y. S. (Coelodasys) apicalis Grt. & Rob. Long Island S. (Oedamasia) badia Pack. Lewis county, N. Y. S. (Coelodasys) leptinoides Grt. Kittery Point, Me. Dicranura (Harpyia) crminia F.sl>. Europe D. (Harpyia) vinula Linn. Europe Cerura scitiscripta Walk. Kansas C. scitiscripta var. multiscripta Riley. Georgiana, Fla. C. occidentalis Lint. Lewis county, N. Y. C. (Harpyia) bicuspis Bkh. Europe C. (Harpyia) furcula Clcrck. Eu- rope C. (Harpyia) bifida Hilbn. Europe Harpyia (Cerura) borcalis Boisd. Lewis county, N. Y. H. (Cerura) cinerea Walk. Hamil- ton, Ont. IL (Cerura) scolopendrina Boisd. var. albicoma. Colorado P'entonia (Heterocampa) marthcsia Cram. Lewis county, N. Y. Gluphisia septentrionalis Walk, (tri- lineata Pack.). Albany, N. Y. Thyatiridae Habrosyne scripta Gossc. Lewis county, N. Y. H. (Gonophora) derasa Linn. Eu- rope Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides Gucn. Centre, N. Y. P. cxpultrix Grt. Centre, N. Y. Thyatira batis Linn. Russia Euthyatira (Thyatira) pudens Gucn. Albany, N. Y. Bombycia (Cleoccris) viminalis Fabr. Europe Liparidae Hypogymna (Penthophera) morio Linn. Hungary Orgyia gonostigma Fabr. Europe O. ericae Germ. Pomerania Notolophus antiqua Linn. (Orgyia nova Fitch). Europe. Lewis county, N. Y. Hcmerocampa (Orgyia) Icucostigma Sm. & Abb. Albany, N. Y. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 103 Hemerocanipa (Orgyia) definita Pack. Centre, N. Y. Olene achatina Sm. & Abb. (Paror- gyia parallela Grt. & Rob.). Rock- ledge, Fla. O. achatina var. tephra Hi'tbn. (Par- orgyia obliquata Grt. & Rob.). Albany, N. Y. O. (Parorgyia) achatina var. cinna- momea Grt. & Rob. Kittcry Point, Me. Dasychira selenitica Esp. Tliuringia D. fascelina Linn. Europe D. pudibunda Linn. Europe Porthesia similis Fucssl. Europe Stilpnotia (Leucoma) salicis Linn. Budapest, Hungary Porthetria (Ocneria) dispar Linn. Europe Lymantria (Psilura) monacha Linn. Europe Euproctis (Porthesia) chrysorrhoea Linn. Europe Ocneria detrita Esp. Europe O. rubca Fabr. Europe Endromididae Endromis versicolora Linn. Europe Lemoniidae Lemonia (Crateronyx) taraxaci Esp. | L. (Crateronyx) dumi Linn. Europe Europe Lasiocampidae Artace punctistriga Walk. Savan- nah, Ga. Tolype vellcda Stall. Hamilton, Out. T. laricis Fitch. Lewis county, N. Y. Malacosoma (Clisiocampa) ameri- cana Fabr. Lewis county, N. Y. M. (Clisiocampa) californica Pack. Nevada M. (Clisiocampa) disstria Hiibn. New York M. (Clisiocampa) castrensis Linn. Europe M. (Clisiocampa) neustria Linn. Europe M. (Bombyx) alpicola Stcyr. Eu- rope Trichiura (Bombyx) crataegi Liiui. Thuringia Poecilocampa (Bombyx) populi Linn. Europe Eriogaster (Bombyx) rimicola Hiibn. Europe E. (Bombyx) catax Linn. Europe E. (Bombyx) lanestris Linn. Europe Lasiocampa (Bombyx) quercus Linn. Thuringia L. (Bombyx) trifolii Esp. Europe Macrothylacia (Bombyx) rubi Linn. Thuringia Cosmotriche (Lasiocampa) potatoria Linn. Europe Chilena (Lasiocampa) sordida Ersch. Russia Epicnaptera (Gastropacha) ameri- cana Harr. Iowa E. (Gastropacha) am;ricana var. californica Pack. E. (Lasiocampa) trennilifclia Hiibn. Europe Gastropacha (Lasiocampa) querci- folia Linn. Europe Odonestis (Lasiocampa) pruni Linn. Thuringia Dendrolimus (Lasiocampa) pini Linn. Europe Pachypasa (Lasicxair.pa) olus Dm. Dahratia Bombycidae Bombyx mori Linn. New Hampshire (Domesticated) I04 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Platypterygidae Orcta (Dryopteris) rosea JValk. Adirondack mts, N. Y. O. (Dryopteris) irroi-ata Pack. Adi- rondack mts, N. Y. Cilix glaucata Scop. Europe Drepana (Platypteryx) arcuata JValk. Adirondack mts, N. Y. D. (Platypteryx) arcuata var. geni- cula Grt. Catskill, N. Y. D. falcataria Linn. Europe D. curvatula Bkh. Europe D. harpagula Esp. Europe D. lacertinaria Linn. Europe D. binaria Hufn. Europe D. cultraria Fabr. Europe Mimallo plagrata Gncii. Brazil Nyctobia limitata JValk. (Lobophora vernata Pack.). Centre, N. Y. N. fusifasciata JJ^alk. (Lobophora anguilineata Grt.). South Abing- ton, Mass. Lobophora polycommata Hiibn. Eu- rope L. sertata Hiibn. Europe L. carpinata Bkh. Europe L. halterata Hufn. Europe L. sexalisata Hiibn. Europe Cladora atroliturata JValk. (Lobo- phora geminata Pack.). Centre, N. Y. Bessophora (Ptychoptera) staudin- geri Chr. Siberia Opheroptera boreata Hiibn. New Berlin, N. Y. Cheimatobia brumata Linn. Europe Paleacrita (Anisoptcryx) vernata Peck. Kansas Anisopteryx aceraria Schiff. Europe A. acscularia Schiif. Europe Eudule (Euphanessa) mendica JJ'alk. Lewis county, N. Y. E. (Ameria) unicolor Rob. Arizona Lithostege farinata Hufn. Budapest, Hungary Anaitis praeformata Hiibn. Europe A. plagiata Linn. Europe A. paludata Thnnb. Europe A. paludata var. imbutata Hiibn. Europe Chesias spartiata Fucsel. Europe Nannia refusata JValk. (Hetero- phk'ps harveiata Pack.). Tiffin, O. Geometridae Heterophleps triguttaria Hcrr.- Schacf. Centre, N. Y. Asthena (Cidaria) candidata Schiff. Europe Tephroclystis (Eupithecia) miseru- lata Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. T. absinthiata Clcrck. (Eupithacia geminata Pack.). Albany, N. Y. ; Europe T. (Eupithecia) oblongata Tliunb. Europe T. (Eupithecia) linariata Fabr. Eu- rope T. (Eupithecia) pusillata Fabr. Eu- rope T. (Eupithecia) abictaria Gczc. Eu- rope T. (Cidaria) pinipinjllata Hiibn. Europe T. (Eupithecia) castigata Hiibn. Europe T. (Eupitiiccia) satyrata Hiibn. Eu- rope T. (Eupithecia) succenturiata Linn. Europe T. (Eupithecia) succenturiata z'ar. subfulvata Hezv. Europe. T. (Eupithecia) denticulata Trcit. Europe T. (Eupithecia) graphata Trcit. Europe T. (Eupithecia) nanata Hiibn. Eu- rope T. (Eupithecia) innctata Hufn. Europe REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ 105 Tephroclystis (Eupithecia) lanceata Hilbn. Europe T. (Eupithecia) sobrinata Hilbn. Europe Chloroclystis (Eupithecia) rectangu- lata Linn. Europe Eucymatoge (Phibalapteryx) intes- tinata Guen. Albany, N. Y. Venusia cambrica Curt. (Epirrita cambricaria Pack.). Adirondack mts, N. Y. V. (Epirrita) duodecemlineata Pack. Lewis county, N. Y. V. comptaria Walk. (Epirrita per- lineata Pack.). Lewis county, N. Y. Euchoeca (Baptria) albovittata Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. Lythria purpuraria Linn. Europe Minoa murinata Scop. Europe M. murinata var. monochroaria Herr.-Schaef. Europe Odezia atrata Linn, (chaerophyllata Linn.). Europe Siona decussata Bkh. Europe Hydria undulata Linn. Lewis county, N. Y.; Europe Scotosia vetulata Schiff. Europe Eustroma (Petrophora) diversiline- ata HUbn. Albany, N. Y. E. (Petrophora) testata Linn. Lewfs county, N. Y. ; Europe E. populata Linn. (Petrophora packardata Lintn.). Saranac Lake, N. Y. E. (Lygris) populata Linn. Europe E. destinata Mosch. (Petrophora prunata var. lugubrata Mosch.). Lewis county, N. Y. E. (Petrophora) prunata Linn. Las Vegas, N. M. ; Europe E. (Petrophora) cunigerata Walk. Lewis county, N. Y. Rhcumaptera hastata Linn. Adiron- dack mts, N. Y. R. (Ochyria) rubrosuffusata Pack. California Zenophleps (Ochyria) lignicolorata Pack. Colorado Percnoptilota (Plemyria) fluviata Hilbn. Lewis county, N. Y. Mesoleuca (Rheumaptera) rulicilliata Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. M. gratulata Walk. (Rheumaptera brunneiciliata Pack.). California M. (Glaucopteryx) caesiata Denis & Schiff. Adirondack mts, N. Y. M. (Rheumaptera) lacustrata Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. M. (Petrophora) truncata Hufn. Adirondack mts, N. Y. M. (Petrophora) albolineata Pack. Orono, Me. M. (Petrophora) hersiliata Guen. Colorado M. vasaliata Guen. (Cidaria rigidata Walk.). South Abington, Mass. Hydriomena autumnalis Strom, (tri- fasciata Bork.). Oldtown, Me. H. taeniata Sfeph. (Rheumaptera basaliata JFalk.). Adirondack mts, N. Y. H. californiata Pack. Lewis county, N. Y. H. (Plemyria) multiferata Walk.). Albany, N. Y. H. (Phibalapteryx) latirupta ll'alk. Albany, N. Y. H. (Rheumaptera) immediata Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. H. (Rheumaptera) unangulata Hazv. Lewis county, N. Y. Triphosa dubitata Linn. Lewis county, N. Y. Coenocalpe (Glaucopteryx) mag- noliata Guen. Lewis county, N. Y. C. (Rheumaptera) parinotata Zell. Rockledge, Fla. C. (Emplocia) fervifactaria Grt. Water Canon, N. M. C. formosata Streck. (Marmopteryx sponsata Grt.). Las Vegas, N. M. Emplocia inconstans Geyer (ce- phisaria Grt.). Water Canon, N.M. Marmopteryx marmorata Pack. South Abington, Mass. Gypsochroa (Ochyria) designata Hufn. Lewis county, N. Y. G. sitellata Guen. (Philereme al- bosignata Pack.). Texas io6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Epirranthis (Ploseria) puvcrata Thunb. Europe Phibalaptcryx (Cidaria) aquata rii'ihn. Europe P. (Cidaria) tcrsata Hiihii. Europe Petrophora (Ochyria) abrasaria Herr.-Schacf. Adirondack mts, N. Y. P. (Ochyria) ferrugata Clcrck. Lewis county, N. Y. P. (Rheumaptera) fluctuata Linn. Saranac Lake, N. Y. Ortholitha coarctata Fabr. Europe O. plumbaria Fabr. Russia O. cervinata Schiff. Europe O. limitata Scop. Europe O. moeniata Scop. Europe O. peribolata Hi'ibn. France O. bipunctaria Schiff. Europe Mesotype virgata Rott. Europe Larentia (Cidaria) dotata Linn. Europe L. (Cidaria) ocellata Linn. Europe L. (Cidaria) bicolorata Hufn. Eu- rope L. (Cidaria) variata Schiff. Europe L. (Cidaria) variata var. obeliscata Hubn. Europe L. (Cidaria) juniperata Linn. Eu- rope L. (Cidaria) siterata Hufn. Europe L. (Cidaria) truncata Hufn. Europe L. immanata Heiv. (Cidaria russata Sfcgr.). Europe L. (Cidaria) firmata fliibn. Europe L. (Cidaria) aptata HUbn. Europe L. (Cidaria) viridaria Fabr. Europe L. (Cidaria) turbata Hiibn. Europe L. (Cidaria) kollariaria Hcrr.- Schacf. Europe aqueata Hiibn. Europe fluctuata Linn. Europe didymata Linn. Europe cambrica Curt. Europe vespertaria Bhh. Eu- L. (Cidaria) L. (Cidaria) L. (Cidaria) L. (Cidaria) L. (Cidaria) rope L. (Cidaria) L. (Cidaria) rope incursata Hiibn. Europe montanata Schiff. Eu- L. (Cidaria) suffuniala Hiibn. Eu- rope L. (Cidaria) quadrifasciaria Clcrck. Europe L. (Cidaria) ferrugata Clcrck. Europe L. (Cidaria) pomocriaria Evcrs. Europe L. (Cidaria) dilutata Bkli. Europe L. (Cidaria) caesiata Lang. Europe L. (Cidaria) frustata Trcil. Europe L. (Cidaria) riguata Hiibn. Europe L. (Cidaria) cuculata LIufn. Europe L. (Cidaria) galiata Lliibn. Europe L. (Cidaria) sociata Bkh. Europe L. (Cidaria) albicillata Linn. Europe L. (Cidaria) lugubrata Stcgr. Eu- rope L. (Cidaria) hastata Linn. Europe L. ( Cidaria ) hastata z'ar. subhastata Nolck. Europe L. (Cidaria) tristata Linn. Europe L. (Cidaria) hictuata Hiibn. Europe L. (Cidaria) molhiginata Hiibn. Europe L. (Cidaria) alcheniiUata Linn. Europe L. (Cidaria) adaequata BkJi. Europe L. (Cidaria) albulata Schiff. Europe L. (Cidaria) ol)literata Hufn. Eu- rope L. (Cidaria) hiteata Schiff. luirope L. fiavofasciata Thunb. (Cidaria de- colorata Hiibn.). Europe L. (Cidaria) bilincata Linn. Europe L. (Cidaria) srrdidata Fabr. Europe L. (Cidaria) capitata Hcrr.-Schacf. Europe L. (Cidaria) c; ryhita Thunb. Eu- rope L. (Cidaria) berbcrata Schiff. Europe L. (Cidaria) ruliidata Fabr. Europe Haematopsis grataria L'abr. Centre, N. Y. Erastria (Calothysanis) aniaturaria IValk. Kansas Rhcdostrcphia (Pclhinia) vilMcaria Clcrck. Europe REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 107 Rhodostrophia (Pellonia) calabraria Zell. France Timandra amata Linn. Europe Deptalia (Acidalia) insularia Giten. Florida Cosymbia lumenaria Hiibii. (Epliyra pendulinaria Gncn.). Centre, N. Y. Synelys (Acidalia) ennuclcata Gucn. Lewis county, N. Y. S. (Acidalia) tiniandrata Walk. Rockledge, Fla. Cinglis similaria J Talk. (Acidalia quadrilineata Pack.). Lewis county, N. Y. Leptomeris lautaria Hiibn. (Acidalia minutularia Hiilsf.). Lewis county, N. Y. L. (Acidalia) scntinaria Ililbn. Labrador L. (Ephyra) plantagenaria Hiilst. Saranac Lake, N. Y. Acidalia perpusillaria Ev. Russia A. trilineata Scop. Europe A. flaveolaria Hiibn. Europe A. similata Thiinb. (perochraria Fabr.). Europe A. rufaria Hiibn. Europe A. sericeata Hiibn. Europe A. moniliata Fabr. Europe A. virgularia Hiibn. Europe A. herbariata Fabr. Europe A. bisetata Hufn. Europe A. politata Hiibn. Russia A. filicata Hiibn. Europe A. robiginata Stegr. Europe A. dilutaria Hiibn. (holosericata Dup.). Europe A. humiliata Hufn. Europe A. immorata Linn. Europe A. incanata Linn. Europe A. fumata Steph. (commutata Fabr.). Europe A. remutaria Hiibn. Europe A. emutaria Hiibn. Russia A. ornata Scop. Europe A., violata Thunb. var. decorata Bkh. France Ephyra (Zonosoma) pendularia Clerck. Europe E. (Zonosoma) annulata Scluihc. Europe E. (Zonosoma) porata Fabr. Europe E. (Zonosoma) punctaria Linn. France E. linearia Hiibn. (Zonosoma trili- nearia Bkh.). Europe Eois dcmissaria Hiibn. (Hyria fcrru- gata Pack.). Centre, N. Y. E. ossularia Hiibn. (Acidalia ossulata Pack.). South Abington, Mass. E. (Acidalia) inductata Gucn. Centre, N. Y. Emmiltis sparsaria JValk. (Cymato- phora psilogrammaria ZclL). Texas Annemoria faseolaria Gucn. (Fi- donia fasciolaria Hulst). Cali- fornia Chlorochlamys (Eucrostis) chloroleu- caria Gucn. Massachusetts Hemithea (Nemoria) strigata Mull. Europe Thalera limbrialis Scop. Europe T. putata Linn. (Jodis punctata Hiibn.). Europe T. (Jodis) lactearia Linn. Europe Eucrostis incertata Walk. (Memoria gratata Pack.). Centre, N. Y. Memoria pulmentaria Gucn. Europe Racheospila (Eucrostis) sa"ltusaria LIulst. Indian river, Fla. Euchloris (Phorodesma) smarag- daria Fabi: var. prasinaria Ev. Sarepta, Russia Synchlora aerata Fabr. (rubivoraria Pack.). Lewis county, N. Y. S. denticulata IValk. (excurvaria Pack.). Rockledge, Fla. Aplodes mimosaria Gucji. Long Is- land Pseudoterpna pruinata Hufn. Eu- rope Anaplodes (Geometra) iridaria Gucn. Georgiana, Fla. Geometra papilionaria Linn. Russia G. vernaria Hiibn. Europe Fernaldella (Fidonia) timetaria Grt. & Rob. Texas Epelis (Fidonia) truncataria Walk. Centre, N. Y. io8 Epelis truncataria Walk. (Ematurga ocellinata Gtien.). Mt Kisco, N. Y. Eufidonia notataria Walk. Centre, N. Y. Orthofidonia cxornata Jl'alk. Centre, N. Y. J. (Corycia) semiclarata JValk. Centre, N. Y. O. (Corycia) vestaliata Giien. Centre, N. Y. Mellilla inextricata JValk. var. xanthometata Walk. (Lythria snoviaria Pack.). Douglas county, Kan. Psysostegania (Stegania) pustularia Gnen. Lewis county, N. Y. Deilinia variolaria Gucn. Lewis county, N. Y. D. erythremaria Gnen. Lewis county, N. Y. D. liberaria Walk. (Aspilates lint- neraria Pack.). Centre, N. Y. D. liberaria Walk. (Aspilates lint- neraria var. diffusea Pack.). Cen- tre, N. Y. D. (Cabera) pusaria Linn. Europe Sciagraphia (Semiothisa) granitata Guen. Centre, N. Y. ; Oldtown, Me. S. (Semiothisa) punctolineata Pack. Texas S. heliothidata Gucn. (Semiothisa ocellinata Gtioi.). Mt Kisco, N. Y. S. calif orniaria Pack. (Semiothisa calif orniata Pack.). Douglas county, Kan. S. meadiaria Pack. (Phasiane meadi- ata Pack.). Saranac Lake, N. Y. S. continuata Walk. (Marmopteryx strigularia Walk.). New Berlin, N. Y. S. continuata (Phasiane orillata Walk.). South Abington, Mass. S. (Phasiane) mellistrigata Grt. Centre, N. Y. S. (Phasiane) mellistrigata var. tri- fasciata Pack. Lewis county, N. Y. Phasiane partitaria Hiibn. France P. clathrata Linn. Europe NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM P. glarearia Brahm. Europe Eubolia arenacearia Hiibn. Europe E. murinaria Fabr. Europe Philobia (Semiothisa) enntala Gucn. Lewis county, N. Y. Macaria (Semiothisa) s signata Pack. Texas M. (Psammatodes) eremiata Ciucn. Centre, N. Y. M. (Semiothisa) praeatomata //i/ii'. Centre, N. Y. M. (Semiothisa) praeatomata var. bisignata Walk. Centre, N. Y. M. (Semiothisa) mendicata LIvAst. Arizona M. (Deilinea) scptemfluaria Grt. Ohio Semiothisa (Macaria) nolata Linn. Europe S. (Macaria) alter naria Hiibn. Europe S. (Macaria) signaria Hiibn. Furope S. (Macaria) liturata Clcrck. Europe Cymatophora (Eufitchia) ribcaria Fitch. Lewis county, N. Y. C. sulphurea Pack. (Thamnonoma sulphuraria Pack.). South Abing- ton, Mass. C. (Thamnonoma) brunneata Tliiinb. Lewis county, N. Y. ; Europe C. inceptaria JValk. (Thamnonoma argillacearia Pack.). South Abing- ton, Mass. C. (Thamnonoma) subcessaria Jl'alk. Schenectady, N. Y. C. pustularia Hiibn. (Eumacaria brunnearia Pack.). Centre, N. Y. C. or Fabr. Europe C. octogcsima Hiibn. Russia C. duplaris Linn. Europe Polyploca (Asphalia) diluta Fabr. Europe P. (Asphalia) ruficollis Fabr. Dal- matia P. (Cymatophora) flavicornis L'.nn. Europe P. (Asphalia) ridens Fabr. Europe Thamnonoma (Halia) loricaria Ev. Europe REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ 109 Thamnonoma (Halia) wauria Linn. Europe Euaspilates spinataria Pack. Colo- rado Homochlodcs fritillaria Giicii. ( Lozo- granima discoventa ll'alk\). Lewis county, N. Y. Apaecasia (Lozogramma) detersata Giteii. Centre, N. Y. A. (Lozogramma) dcfluata JJ'alk. Centre, N. Y. Catopyrrha (Aspilatcs) cdoraria Fabr. Centre, N. Y. C- (Aspilates) coloraria var. dis- similaria Hilbii. Centre, N. Y. Perconia (Aspilates) strigillaria Hiibii. Europe Enemera (Selidosema) juturnaria Gucn. Washington Fidonia limbaria Fabr. Dignc, France Eurranthis (Athroolopha) penni- geraria Hiibn. var. chrysitaria Hubn. Algeria E. plumistaria Vill. Digne, France | Caripeta divisata Walk. Lewis county, N. Y. C. augustiorata JFalk. Lewis county, N. Y. C. angustiorata var. latiorata JFalk. Lewis county, N. Y. Enypia (Cleora) venata Grt. Wash- ington Gnophos glaucinaria Hiibn. Europe G. dilucidaria Hiibn. Europe G. myrtillata Tlinnb. var. ol:)fuscaria Hiibn. Europe Psodos alpinata Scop. Europe P. coracina Esp. Norway Pygmaena fusca Thunb. Europe Ematurga atomaria Linn. Russia Bupalus piniarius Linn. Europe Cleogene lutearia Fabr. Europe Scoria lineata Scop, (dealbata Linn.). Sarepta, Russia Aspilates mundataria Cram. Russia A. gilvaria Fabr. Europe Nepytia semiclusaria Walk. (Cleora j pulchraria Minot). Albany, N. Y. | Alcis (Semiothisa) metanemaria Hulst. Arizona A. (Hemcrophila) latifasciaria Pack. WaGhington Nychiodes lividaria Hiibn. Europe Paraphia subatomaria Wood. Lewis county, N. Y. Lytrosis (Hemerophila) unitaria Hcrr.-Schacf. Locust Grove, N. Y. Tornos scolopacinarius Gucn. (rubi- ginosus Morr.). Texas Selidosema (Boarmia) humarium Gucn. Lewis county, N. Y. S. (Boarmia) umbrosarium Hiibn. Lewis county, N. Y. S. cricetaria I 'ill. Europe Boarmia cinctaria Schiff. Europe B. gemmaria Bralini. France B. secundaria Esp. Europe B. repandata Li)in. Europe B. roboraria Schiif. Europe B. roboraria var. infuscata Stcgr. Europe B. consortaria Fabr. Europe B. angularia Tliunb. Europe B. lichenaria Hufn. Europe B. selenaria Hiibn. Europe B. consonaria Hiibn. Europe B. luridata Bkh. Europe B. punctularia Hiibn. Europe Cleora (Cidaria) opacaria Hulst. Rocky mountains C. (Tephrosia) cribrataria Gucn. Centre, N. Y. C. indicataria Jl'alk. (Boarmia polygrammaria Pack.). Lewis county, N. Y. C. (Boarmia) pampinaria Gucn. Centre, N. Y. C. (Boarmia) larvaria Gucn. Lewis county, N. Y. Melanolophia (Tephrosia) canadaria Gucn. Lewis county, N. Y. Aethaloptera intextata Walk. (Teph- rosia anlicaria IValk.). Centre, N. Y. Ectropis (Boarmia) crepuscularia Denis & .Schiff. Saranac Lake, N. Y. ; Europe no NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Epimccis virginaria Cram, (hortaria Fabr.). New York city Amphidasis betularia Linn. Europe Lycia (Bislon) ursaria Jl'alk. Centre, N. Y. L. (Eubyja) cognataria Gucii. Lewi,-; county, N. Y. Biston hispidaria Fabr. Europe B. zonaria Scliiff. France B. graecarius Stegr. Europe B. hirtaria Clerck. Europe B. strataria Hufn. Europe Nacophora (Eubyja) cupidaria Grl. Hamilton, Ont. Phigalia titea Cram. (strigataria Minot). Centre, N. Y. Erannis (Hybernia) tiliaria Harr. Hamilton, Ont. Hybernia rupicapraria Hiibn. Eu- rope H. bajaria ScJiiff. Europe Hi leucophaearia Scliiff. Europe H. aurantiaria Esp. Europe H. marginaria Bkli. Europe Cingilia (Zerene) catenaria Dm. Centre, N. Y. Lychnosea (Endropia) helviolaria Hidst. Colorado L. intermicata Walk. (Aspilates pervaria Pack.). Tiffin, O. Anagoga pulveraria Linn. Adiron- dack mts, N. Y. Sicya macularia Harr. Lewis county, N. Y. Therina (Ellopia) vitraria Grt. Las Vegas, N. M. T. athasiaria Walk, (bibularia Grt. & Rob.). Rockledge, Fla. T. fervidaria Hilbn. Albany, N. Y. T. (Ellopia) fervidaria var. somnia- ria Hulst. Lewis county, N. Y. Ellopia prosapiaria Linn. Europe E. prosapiaria var. prasinaria Hiibn. Europe Epione apiciaria Scliiff. Europe E. parallelaria Scliiff. York, Eng- land E. advenaria Hiibn. York, England Veniiia macularia Linn. Europe Metrocampa praegrandaria Guen. (perlaria Pack.). Lewis county, N. Y. M. margaritata Linn. Europe M. honoraria Scliiff. Europe Numeria pulveraria Linn. Europe N. capreolaria Fabr. Europe Eugonobapta (Acidalia) nivosaria Gucn. Centre, N. Y. Ennomos (Eudalimia) subsignarius Hiibn. Albany, N. Y. E. magnarius Gucn. (Eugonia al- niaria Hiibn.). Albany, N. Y. E. (Eugonia) autumnaria Wcrncb. Europe E. (Eugonia) quercinaria Hiifn. Europe E. (Eugonia) alniaria Linn. Europe E. (Eugonia) crosaria Hiibn. Eu- rope Xanthotype (Angerona) crocataria Fabr. Lewis county, N. Y. Agerona prunaria Linn. Europe Plagodis keutzingi Grt. (keutzin- garia Pack.). Lewis county, N. Y. P. alcoolaria Gucn. Albany, N. Y. P. phlogosaria Gucn. Lewis county, N. Y. Eurymene dolabraria Linn. Europe Hyperitis amicaria Hcrr.-Schacf. Albany, N. Y. Himera pennaria Linn. France Crocallis tusciaria Bkli. France C. elinguaria Linn. Europe Opisthograptis (Rumia) lutcolata Linn. Europe Ania limbata Hazv. (Nematocampa filimentaria Gucn.). Lewis county, N. Y. Ourapteryx (Urapteryx) sambucaria Linn. Europe Arichanna (Rhyparia) melanaria Linn. Europe Abraxas grossulariata Linn. Europe A. sylvata Scop. Europe A. adustata Scliiff. Europe A. marginata Linn. (marginaria Hiibn.). Europe Bapta bimaeulata Fabr. Europe REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 III B. temerata Hiibn. Europe Gonodontis (Endropia) hypochraria Herr.-Schaef. Albany, N. Y. G. (Endropia) warneri Harv. Cen- tre, N. Y. Gonodontis (Endropia) duaria Giicn. Centre, N. Y. G. (Epirranthis) obfirmaria Hiibn. Centre, N. Y. G. (Caberodes) autidiscaria Walk. Florida G. (Odontopera) bidentata Clerck. Europe Euchlaena (Endropia) serrata Dm. Lewis county, N. Y. E. (Endropia) obtusaria Hiibn. Adirondack mts, N. Y. E. (Endropia) effec(aria Walk. Lewis county, N. Y. E. johnsonaria Fitch (Endrcpia bil- inaria Pack.). Lewis county, N. Y. E. astylusaria Walk. (Endropia ma- dusaria Walk.). Mt Kisco, N. Y. E. (Endropia) marginata Miiiot. Lewis county, N. Y. Selenia bilunaria Esp. (illunaria Hiibn.). Europe S. lunaria Schiff. Europe S. tetralunaria Hufn. (illustraria Hiibn.). Europe Hygrochroa (Pericallia) syringaria Linn. Europe Therapis evonymaria Schiff. Europe Epiplatymetra (Tetracis) colorad- aria Grt. & Rob. Colorado E. (Tetracis) grotcaria Pack. Lewis county, N. Y. Metanema inatomaria Gucn. Locust Grove, N. Y. M. determinata Walk. (carnaria Pack.). Lewis county, N. Y. M. (Tetracis) excelsa Strcck. var. simpliciaria Grt. New Mexico M. (Endropia) textrinaria Grt. & Rob. Hamilton, Ont. Priocycla (Endropia) armantaria Herr.-Schaef. Lewis county, N. Y. Azelina ancetaria Hiibn. (hubnerata Pack.). Mt Kisco, N. Y. A. ancetaria var. peplaria Hiibn. {var. atrocolorata Hulst). Tiffin, O. Syssaura infensata Gucn-. var. bi- claria Walk. (Drepanodes puber Grt. & Rob.). Rockledge, Fla. Caberodes confusaria Hiibn. Centre, N. Y. C. majoraria Gnen. Saranac Lake, N. Y. Oxydia vesulia Cram, (vesuliata Guen.). Rockledge, Fla. Tetracis crocallata Gucn. Centre, N. Y. Sabulodes (Tetracis) lorata Grt. Albany, N. Y. S. (Eutrapela) transversata Dm. Albany, N. Y. Abbotana clemataria Sm. & Abb. (Eutrapela clementata Hiibn.). Lewis county, N. Y. Phrygionis argentcostriata Strcck. (Byssodes obrussata Grt.). Rock- ledge, Fla. Brcphos infans Moschl. Centre, N. Y B. parthenias Linn. Europe B. nothum Hiibn. Europe B. puella Esp. Hungary Epiplemidae Callizzia aniorala Pack. Adirondack nits, N. Y. Cymbidae Sarrothripus revayana Si-op. (un- I E. clorana Linn. Europe dulana Hiibn.). Europe I Hylophila prasinana Linn. Europe Earias vernana Hiibn. Europe | H. bicolorana Fucssl. Europe 112 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Nola togatulalis Hiibn. Europe N. cucullatella Linn. Europe N. cicatricalis Trcit. Europe Nolidae N. confusalis Herr.-Schacf. Europe N. albula Schiff. Europe Roeselia (Nola) minuscula Zcll. Hamilton, Ont. Psychidae Eurycyttarus (Psyche) confederata Grt. & Rob. Atlantic States Acanthopsyche (Psyche) zelleri Mann. Europe Pachytelia (Psyche) unicolor Hiifn. Europe Amicta (Psyche) ecksteini Led. Eu- rope Orecpsyche atra Linn. (Psyche plumi- fera Och.). Europe Stcrrhopterix (Psyche) hirsutclla Hiibn. Europe Rebelia (Fumea) sapho l\LilI. Eu- rope Epichnopteryx pulla Esf. Europe Psychidea (Epichnopteryx) bomby- cella Schiff. Europe P. (Fumea) pectinella Fabr. Europe Cochlidiidae Sibine (Empretia) stiniulca Clent. Long Island Euclea delphinii Boisd. var. querceti Herr.-Schaef. Atlantic States E. (Parasa) chloris Hcrr.-Schacf. Long Island Adoneta spinuloides Hcrr.-Schacf. Saranac Lake, N. Y. Cochlidion (Heterogenea) limacodes Hufn. Europe Hetecogenea asella Schiff. Europe Prolimacodes (Limacodes) scapha Harr. Long Island Lithacodes fasciola Hcrr.-Schacf. Minnesota Megalopygidae Lagoa crispata Pack. Long Island Pyromorphidae Pyromorpha diniidiafa Hcrr.-Schacf. Arizona Triprocris (Lycomorpha) constans Hy. Edw. New Mexico ITarrisina americana Ciucr.-Mcru New York Thyridae Mcskea dyspteraria Grt. Florida I Tliyris fenestrella Scop. Europe Cossidae Zeuzera pyrina Linn. Europe | Cossus cossus Liiin. Europe Cossus centerensis Lint. Centre, N. Y. | TTypopta thrips Hiibn. Russia Prionoxystus (Cossus) robiniae I Peck. Savannah, Ga. I REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 113 Sesiidae Melittia satyriniformis Hiibn. (Melitia ceto IVcstzv.). New York Podosesia syringae Harr. New York Aegeria (Trochilium) apiformis Clcrck. Europe; Long Island Bcmljecia marginata Harr. New York Sanninoidca (Sannina) cxitiosa Say. Ohio Sciapteron tabaniforme Rott. Eu- rope Sesia rutilans Hy. Edzv. (aureola Hy. Edtv.). New York S. lipuliformis Clerck. Ontario, Can. ; Germany S. (Aegeria) pictipes Grt. & Rob. New York S. (Aegeria) acerni Clou. Ontario S. scoliaeformis Bkh. Europe S. spheciformis Gem. Europe S.. cephiformis Och. Europe S. conopiformis Esp. Europe S. vespiformis Linn. (asiliformis Rott.). Europe S. niyopaeformis Bkh. Europe S. culiciforniis Linn. Europe S. formicaeformis Esp. Europe S. annellata Zcll. Europe S. empiformis Esp. Europe S. astatiformis Hcrr.-Schacf. Eu- rope S. bibioniformis Esp. Europe S. muscaeformis Viezv. Europe S. affinis Stegr. Europe S. chrysidiformis Esp. Europe Pyralidae Lipcccsma sicalis Walk. Douglas county, Kan. Hymenia (Zinckenia) perspectalis Hiibn. Rockledge, Fla. Desmia funeralis Hiibn. (maculalis West.). Rockledge, Fla. Diastictis (Botis) argyralis Hiibn. Mt Kisco, N. Y. D. (Botis) argyralis var. ventralis Grt. & Rob. South Abington, Mass. D. (Botis) fracturalis Zcll. Texas Pilocrocis (Botis) plumbicostalis Grt. Rockledge, Fla. P. inguinalis Guen. (Crocidophora anticostalis Grt.). Savannah, Ga. Conchylodes platinalis Guen. South Atlantic States, West Indies, South America Pantographa limata Grt. & Rob. Diaphania (Eudioptis) hyalinata Lin)i. Texas Evcrgesiis (Alesographe) rimosalis Gitcn. Illinois E. straminalis Hiibn. (Mesographe stramentalis Hiibn.) . Albany, N. Y. Crocidophora serratissimalis Zell. (subdentalis Grt.). Schenectady, N. Y. Nomophila noctuella Denis & Schiff. Centre, N. Y. Loxostege (Eurycreon) chortalis Grt. Centre, N. Y. L. obliteralis JValk. (Botis marcu- lenta Grt. & Rob.). Lewis county, N. Y. L. (Eurycreon) similalis Guen. var. rantalis Guen. Douglas county, Kan. L. (Eurjcrcon) sticticalis Linn. Rocky mountains, California, Eu- rope? L. commixtalis Walk. (Eurycreon ceralis Zell). Block Island, R. I. Tholeria (Botis) reversalis Guen. Bastrop county, Texas Phlyctaenia ferrugalis Hiibn. (Botis harveyana Grt.). South Abington, Mass. P. acutclla Walk. (Botis venalis Grt.). Centre, N. Y. P. (Botis) terrcalis Treit. Lewis county, N. Y. 114 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Phyctaenia (Botis) cxtricalis Gitcu. Catskill, N. Y. P. tertialis Guen. (Botis plcctilis Grt. & Rob.). Lewis county, N. Y. Cindaphia bicoloralis Giicii. South Abington, Mass. Pryrausta pertextalis Led. (Botis gentilis Grt.). Albany, N. Y. P. thestealis Walk. (Botis magis- tralis Grt.). Centre, N. Y. P. theseusalis Walk. (Botis feudalis Grt.). South Abington, Mass. P. oxydalis Gucn. (Botis flavidalis Guen.). Rockledge, Fla. P. orphisalis Walk. (Botis adipa- loides Grt. & Rob.). South Abing- ton, Mass. P. fumalis Gneii. (Botis badipennis Grt.). Lewis county, N. Y. P. (Botis) illibalis Hiibn. Tiffin, O. P. (Botis) penitalis Grt. Douglas county, Kan. P. futilalis Led. (Botis erectalis Grt.). Lewis county, N. Y. P. unifascialis Pack. (Botis suboli- valis Pack.). Lewis county, N. Y. P. (Botis) fodinalis Led. California P. phoenicealis Hiibn. (Eurycrcon onythesalis Walk.). Kansas P. acrionalis Walk. (Botis sumptuo- salis JValk.). Albany, N. Y. P. (Botis) insequalis Gucn. South Al)ington, Mass. P. (Botis) gcnerosa Grt. & Rob. Lewis county, N. Y. P. (Botis) laticlavia Grt. & Rob. var. cinerosa Grt. & Rob. Rock- ledge, Fla. P. tyralis Guen. (Botis diffissa Grt. & Rob.). Rockledge, Fla. P. (Botis) signatalis Walk. Hamil- ton, Ont. P. (Botis) unimacula Grt. & Rob. Mt Kisco, N. Y. P. funebris Strom. (Ennychia octo- maculata Linn.). Lewis countv, N. Y. P. (Botis) tcrrealis Trcit. Europe Sylepta (Botis) ruralis Scop. Russia Eustixia (Thelcteria) pupula Hiibn. South Abington, Mass. Noctuelia thalialis Walk. (Em- prepes novalis Grt.). Texas Nymphula icciusalis JValk. (Hydro- campa gemaulis Led.). Locust Grove, N. Y. N. sp. (Hydrocampa) sp. Rock- ledge, Fla. N. badiusalis ll'alk. (Oligostigiua albalis Rob.). Albany, N. Y. Elophila (Cataclysta) avcrnalis Grt. New Mexico E. (Cataclysta) sp. Rockledge, Fla. Scoparia basalis JP'alk. (libclla Grt.). Lewis county, N. Y. S. centuri'lla Denis & Seliiff. Lewis county, N. Y. Aglossa cuprcalis Lliibn. (domalia Guen.). Albany, N. Y. Hypsopygia (Asopia) c;stalis Fabr. Centre, N. Y. Pyralis (Asopia) farinalis Linn. Lewis county, N. Y. Herculia thymetusalis Wclk. (Asopia devialis (7;-/.). Adirondack mts, N. Y. H. intermedialis Walk. (Asopia squamealis Grt.). Centre, N. Y. IT. (Asopia) olinalis Guen. Bastrop county, Texas Galasa rubidana JJ'alk. (Cordylopcza nigrinodis ZelL). Schenectady, N. Y. Schocnobius melinellus Clem I'ar. dis- pcrsellus Rob. Rockledge, Fla. S. forficellus Tluinb. (longiroslrellus Clem.). Lewis county, N. Y. Prionapteryx achat ina Zell. Texas Cranibus girardellus Clem. Lewis county, N. Y. C. leachellus Zinck. Lewis county, N. Y. C. unistriatcllus Pack. Lewis county, N. Y. C. praefectellus Zinck. Lewis county, N. Y. C. laqueatellus Clem. Hamilton, Ont. C. agitatellus Clem. Lewis county, N. Y. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 115 Crambus hortuellus Hiibu. (topiarius ZelL). Hamilton, Out. C. perlellus 5'co/'. (sericinellus Zc//.). Lewis county, N. Y. C. elegans Clem. Catskill, N. Y. C. myelins Hiibn. ( inter ruptus Grt.). Centre, N. Y. C. vulgivagellus Clem. Albany, N. Y. C. ruricollelus Zell. Hamilton, Ont. C. mutabilis Clem, (fnscicostellus ZelL). Lewis county, N. Y. C. trisectus Walk. (exsciccatus Zell.). Lewis county, N. Y. Argyria nivalis Dm. Tiffin, O. A. argentana Mart. (Catharylla num- mulalis Hiibn.). Sharon, N. Y. Chilo densellus Zell. Rockledge, Fla. Benta (Tetralopha) asperatel'a Clem. Hamilton, Ont. Tetralopha militella Zell. Locust Grove, N. Y. Acrobasis (Phycis) rubrifasciella Pack. New Hampshire Dioryctria (Nephopteryx) aurantia- cella Grt. New Mexico Pinipestis zimmermanni Grt. Centre, N. Y. Nephopteryx ovalis Pack. New York Salebria contatella Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. Laodamia (Salebria) fusca Haw. Lewis county, N. Y. Epischnia boisduvaliella Gueii. (far- ella Curt.). Jamaica Melitara (Megaphycis) dentata Grt. Colorado Honora mcllincUa Grt. Lewis county, N. Y. Homoeosoma stypicellum Grt. Sara- nac Lake, N. Y. Plodia (Ephestia) interpunctella Hiibn. Hamilton, Ont. Peoria approximella Walk. (Amer- astia haematica Zell.). Albany, N. Y. Pterophoridae Platyptilia marginidactyla Fitch (bis- choffii Zell.). Lewis county, N. Y. Pterophorus clliotlii Fcni. (Creti- dactylus sp.). New York P. cretidactylus Fitch. (Cretidactylus sp.). New York Tortricidae Exartema (Eccopsis) pernumdanum Clou. Lewis county, N. Y. E. (Eccopsis) exolctum Zell. Al- bany, N. Y. E. inornatanum Clem. Centre, N. Y. Olethreutes (Penthina) nimbatana Clem. Centre, N. Y. O. (Penthina) hemidcsnia Zell. Centre, N. Y. O. (Sericoris) coruscana Clem. Lewis county, N. Y. O. (Sericoris) constellatana Zell. Albany, N. Y. O. (Sericoris) instrutana Clem. Lewis county, N. Y. O. (Sericoris) campcstrana Zell. New Berlin, N. Y. O. (Sericoris) bipartitana Clem. Lewis county, N. Y. Exentera apriliana Grt. Centre, N. Y. Proteopteryx cressoniana Clem. Al- bany, N. Y. Ancylis (Phoxopteris) mediofasciana Clem. New York A. (Phoxopteris) nubeculana Clem. Orono, Me. A. (Phoxopteris) spiraeif oHana C/^-m. Centre, N. Y. A. (Phoxopteris) platanana Clem. Lewis county, N. Y. ii6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Ecdytolopha insiticiana ZcU. Locust Grove, N. Y. Carpocapsa pomonella Linn. Centre, N. Y. Cydia (Carpocapsa) saltitans JVcslw. Mexico Acleris (Teras) subnivana Walk. Hamilton, Ont. A. (Teras) nigrolinea Rob. Hamil- ton, Ont. Epagoge (Dichclia) sulfureana Clem. Hamilton, Ont. Cenopis reticulatana Clem. Lewis county, N. Y. C. pettitana Rob. Hamilton, Ont. Coelostathama (Amphisa) discopunc- tana Clem. Albany, N. Y. Sparganothis (Oenectra) xanthoides Walk. Hamilton, Ont. S. (Oenectra) violaceana Rod. Centre, N. Y. Archips (Cacoecia) rosaceana Harr. Albany, N. Y. A. (Cacoecia) purpurana Clem. Lewis county, N. Y. A. (Cacoecia) infumatana Zell. Lewis county, N. Y. A. (Cacoecia) rosana Linn. Albany, N. Y. A. (Cacoecia) cerasivorana Fitch. Lewis county, N. Y. A. (Cacoecia) rileyana Grt. Douglas county, Kan. A. (Cacoecia) argyrospila Walk. Albany, N. Y. A. (Cacoecia) fractivittana Clem. Hamilton, Ont. A. (Loxotoenia) clemensiana Fern. Albany, N. Y. A. (Ptycholoma) mclaleucana Walk. Orono, Me. Pandemis lamprosana Rob. Centre, N. Y. Tortrix pallorana Rob. Hamilton, Ont. 1. quercifoliana Fitch. Hamilton, Ont. T. albicomana Clem. Hamilton, Ont. T. fumiferana Clem. Lewis county, N. Y. Eulia (Lophoderus) quadrifasciana Fern. Lewis county, N. Y. E. (Tortrix) alisellana Rob. Hamil- ton, Ont. Amorbia bumerosana Clem. Centre, N. Y. Phalonia (Conchylis) bunteana Rob. Nebraska Yponomeutidae Yponomeuta multipunctella Clem. I Atteva aurca Fitch (Poeciloptera Douglas county, Kan. compta Clem.). Georgia Gelechiidae Gelechia sp. Lewis county, N. Y. Oecophoridae Depressaria atrodorsella Clem. Ham- ilton, Ont. D. pulvipenella Clem. Lewis county, N. Y. D. fernaldella JVah. Albany, N. Y. D. lecontella Clem. Locust Grove, N. Y. D. heracliana DeG. Locust Grove, N. Y. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 117 Tineidae Adela ridingsella Clem. (Cryptolechia schlaegeri ZelL). Adirondack mts, N. Y. Acrolophus (Anaphora) plumi- frontellus Clem. Mt Kisco, N. Y. A. sp. (Acrolopha sp.). Rockledge, Fla. Anaphora popeanella Clem, (scardiiia ZelL). Mt Kisco, N. Y. Hepialidae Hepialus gracilis Grf. (furcatus Grf.). Adirondack mts, N. Y. H. humuli Linn. Europe H. sylvina Linu. Europe H. lupulina Linn. Europe H. hecta Linn. Europe Appencli:?i: B A CATALOGUE OF THE " PHYTOPTID " GALLS OF NORTH AMERICA BY GEORGE 11. CHADWICK, ZOOLOGIST Since Dr Hagen published his hst in 1885 [The Collection of Phytoptocecidia, or Mite Galls, in the Cambridge Museum. Can. Ent. 17:21], no general check list of our mite galls has been issued. Cook in 1904 [Ind. Dep't Gcol. 2yth An. Rep't, p. 801] published on the galls of Indiana, and Jarvis has recently [Ent. Soc. Ont. 37th & 38th An. Rep't, p. 56 and 92 respectively] listed the Canadian forms, while Carman in 1892 [American Phytoptocecidii. Psyche, 6:241] described those known to him. Carman's careful paper of 1883 [111. State Ent. 12th Rep't, p. 123], moreover, v^as not seen by Hagen, and all of these papers with other scattering articles contain additions to Hagen's list. Besides these, about 20 unmen- tioned forms are known to tlie writer, bringing the total number of American forms up to more than double what Hagen recorded. It has seemed worth while, in view of the interest which must soon center in this rather neglected family of mites, to put this list in print as a guide and check for future work, though in so doing its imperfections and temporary character are painfully evident. Difficulty has been met in correlating various writers, as descrip- tions from dry or preserved and from fresh specimens often differ greatly. In a few cases recent writers appear to have misapplied the names or descriptions of earlier authors, thus introducing con- fusion. The present list is arranged alphabetically by host plants, using Eritton and Brown's nomenclature. For convenience certain com- mon types of leaf-galls will be referred to as follows: Type I .mmmm=. Erineum " II '^^^'^yu^i?^ Dimple " III =<^^>^ Capsule " IV ^r^fe Pocket -» (Cephaloneon V ^^^ . Pouch I of Hagen) II81 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQG/ II9 The forms of the first (and second) type, consisting of fuzzy, velvety or frostHke patches of slender, tangled, or capitate hairs (trichomes) were formerly described as fungi and will be found listed in botanical papers such as that of de Schweinitz 1834 in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, volume 4, page 289 [see also Professor Peck 1869 in 22(1 Annual Report of the New York State Museum, and Persoon's Mycologia Europaea, 1822. p. 2]. The subgenus Phyllerium was employed by these writers for forms with simple trichomes, while Erineum proper or Grumaria signified those with capitate or mushroom-shaped trichomes, as on right hand side of the figure, type i. Cecidium is a general term for a galhde formation whether acarian or otherwise. Forms occurring in New York State are indicated by an asterisk ("") preceding the number in the following catalogue. The writer's thanks should be here expressed to those who have given generous assistance and encouragexicnt in ^'-'^ preparation of this paper, as well as cjf others yet to be published. He is under special obligations to Prof. Nathan Banks of the National Museum, Prof. P. J. Parrott of the Geneva Experiment Station, Dr E. P. Felt, State Entomologist, Prof. C. H. Peck, State Botanist, Mr D. B. Young, Mr J. R. Gillett, and Mr Stewart H. Burnham, be^ sides others who have aided with specimens or information. Acer glabrum (dwarf maple) 1 A purple erineum in large patches at tips of the lobes and on upper side of the loaf; sometimes sprinkled over under side. Trichomes (hairs) with long stalks. Garman '92,^ no. 5 Col. There are specimens in the State Herbarium, without locality, agreeing with this but bright crimson in color ; they are probably from Utah. Acer negundo (box elder) 2 A white erineum or shallow dimple on under side of leaf, some- times involving entire leaves of young or basal shoots. Garman '83, p. 136 (Phytoptus sp.) 111. 3 Irregular wartlike swellings on upper surface of leaf, green to gray, lined below with a green to rusty-brown " granular secre- tion." Jarvis '07, p. 59, fifth sp. Ont. This may be identical with the preceding. ^ See Bibliography at the end. 120 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Acer rubrum (red maple) *4 A yellowish to deep brown crineuni in large patches on under side of leaf. Trichonies capitate. Garman \)2, no. 12 Alass. Specimens from Sand Lake, in the State Herbarium, labeled E r i n e u m 1 u t e o 1 u m , and ethers from the Catskill mountains (Prof. C. H. Peck). N.Y. Specimens from Lyons pond near Nassau. N.Y. 5 Erineum acerinum Link no. 10, " frequens in A. r u b r o . " Schweinitz 34, no. 2797 N.C. This is placed in the section Phyllerium, which has simple trichomes, and so will not a^jree with either the preceding or follow- ing. Persoon, however, describes his E. acerinum (no. 15) under the section Grumaria, having enlarged or deformed trichomes, and as occurring on the under side of the leaves (of four European maples), thus agreeing in character and position with the pre- ceding (no. 4). *6 A whitish or brown erineum in elongated patches on the veins, on upper side of leaf. Trichomes capitate. Garman '92, no. 11 N.H. Specimens from Sand Lake (Professor Peck) in the State Her- barium, labeled Erineum a c e r i n u m . N.Y. This will hardly agree with Persoon's description of E . acer- inum ; see the preceding, and Persoon '22: no. 15. *7 A whitish frostlike erineum, with small spots of rosy pink, spreading broadly along the 3 or 5 main veins, on the upper surface of the leaf, sometimes nearly covering it. Trichomes capitate. (This may be merely a variation of the preceding, our specimens of which sometimes showed pinkish brown spots.) Specimens from Altamont in State Herbarium (Professor Peck), labeled E r i n e u m acerinum ? N.Y. A similar gall was observed at an elevation of nearly 2000 feet on Blackhead mountain in the Catskills, last of June, on Acer sp. ( ?) ; the specimens unfortunately lost. Jarvis's figure i, plate B, looks like a sparsely developed example of this ; it is hardly an A . s a c c h a r u m leaf. *8 A pocket-gall, similar to that ofEriophyes quadripes and probably the same ; see no. 10 for description. Garman '92, no. 13 Ky., New Eng., Eastern States Hagen '85, nos. 21, 22, 23(?) D.C., N.H., Mass. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9O7 121 Garman suggests the identity of Hagen's three forms. Specimens from Normansville and Lyons pond, Nassau, are smaller than those of no. lo an:l protrude more below; possibly distinct. N.Y. Acer saccharinum (dasycarpum) (soft or silver maple) 9 A pale yellow to deep brown erineum on the under side of leaf, avoiding veins. Trichomes capitate, matted. Garman '92, no. 10 HI-. Mass., Wis. Hagen '85, no. 26 (E r i n e u m 1 u t e o 1 u m) N.H. Garman suspects this may prove identical with his no. 7 (our no. 14). *io A nearly spherical pocket-gall (cephaloneon) . on the upper side of leaf, varying from light green through red or purple to nearly black. The mite is E r i o p h y e s q u a d r i p e s ( Shimer) . Shimer 1869. Am. Ent. Soc. Trans. 11:319 I^^- Garman '83, p.128, 135, fig. 26, 28 HI- Hagen '85, no. 27 111- Lintner '89. N. Y. State Mus. 42d An. Rep't, p.303 N.Y. Garman '92, no. 9 Middle States, Wis., 111., Ky. Cook '04, p.86o, first sp. I"cl- Banks '04. Treatise on Acarina, p.io6, fig. 192 Felt '07. Park & Woodland Trees, 11:630 N.Y. Jarvis '07, p. 59, first sp., pi. F, fig. i Ont. Parrott '07. N. Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 283, no. 8 (Phyllocoptes quadripes) Banks '07. Catalogue of Acarina, p.621, Eriophyes quadripes Specimens from Catskill, and recorded above from Suffolk county and Albany. N.Y. II Cook reports Eriophyes acericola on this species; see our no. 17 for description of this pouch-gall. Cook 1902; Ohio Naturalist, 11:278, fig. 11 Cook '04, p.86o, second sp. Ind. Acer saccharum (sugar maple) Acer saccharinum in Hagen, Garman, etc. *I2 A white or whitish erineum in patches on the under side of the leaf, often limited by the veins. Trichomes capitate. Some- 122 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM times associated with no. i6, but then usually sparse. (This may be the fresh stage of our no. 14.) Jarvis '07, p.62, second sp. Ont. Specimens from the vicinity of Albany (Mr Gillett) and the Indian Ladder, Helderberg mountains (Mr Burnham). N.Y. 13 E r i n e u m p I a t a n o i d e u m Link no. 28, "' in foliis." Schweinitz '34, no. 2805 Pa. Persoon's description of E . p 1 a t a n o i d e u m , given as a doubtful synonym under his no. 24, E . g r i s e u m , agrees well with the preceding, and it seems likely that Schweinitz had that form in hand. *I4 A rusty or brown erineum on the under side of the leaf forming patches along veins. Trichomes capitate, sessile. Garman '92, no. 7 111., Ky. Except for the described position " along veins " this appears to be the older stage of no. 12, above. Specimens in the State Her- barium agreeing with the latter have taken on the color of this, some nearly black; they are from Fort Edward, [sec Peck 1869, 22d Rep't, p.ioi, Erineum luteolum], and Indian Lake (Pro- fessor Peck) labeled Erineum luteolum. N.Y. 15 An erineum on the ribs rather elongated. Hagen '85, no. 24 Western States, Mass. This should be compared with our no. 6. *i6 A crimson red, purplish or livid erineum in patches on the upper side of the leaf, sometimes sprinkled thinly on the under side also. Trichomes capitate, very short. Apparently whitish when young. Jarvis '07, p.6i, seventh sp., (pi. B, fig. i ?) Ont. Garman '92, no. 8 Mich., N.H. Hagen '85, no. 25 (Erineum r o s e u m) N.H. Schweinitz locates E . r o s e u m on B e t u 1 a nigra, see beyond ; this is likely to be his E . p u r p u r a s c e n s , however ; see no. 20. Specimens from the vicinity of Albany (Mr Gillett), Indian Ladder, the Helderbergs (Mr Burnham) and remarkably fine ones from Spruce creek at 2250 feet, near Kaaterskill falls. In the State Herbarium from Sand Lake and Garrison (Professor Peck) and Long Island (J. S. Merriam) labeled Erineum acer- inum, and from Greenbush (George Clinton?) marked " prob- REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 I23 ably E . a c e r i n u m " ; but see under no. 5. Also in tbe Herbarium from Keene, Essex co. (Professor Peck). N.Y. The specimens from Garrison, from Long Island and part of those from the Indian Ladder are lighter and more violaceous, the others all a bright crimson. Perhaps there are really two forms ; Carman's description fits the violaceous specimens. *I7 A green, reddish or purplish, slender pouch-gall or nail-gall (ceratoneon) projecting from the upper surface of the leaf. The mite is Eriophyes acericola ( Carman ) . Riley '70. Am. Ent. & Bot. 11:339 (Acarus aceris c r u m e n a ) Carman '83, p. 135 (Phytoptus acericola) 111. Carman '92, no. 6 111., N.H. Cook '04, p.86o, second sp. Ind. Parrott '07. N.Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 283, no. 7 Jarvis '07, p. 59, second sp. Out. Banks '07. Catalogue of Acarina, p.620, Eriophyes aceris-crumena (Riley) Specimens from New Paltz (Miss Foster), Albany (Mr Young) and East Orange (Miss Mitchell). N.Y., N.J. Acer spicatum (mountain maple) 18 A white, whitish, or pale yellow erineum on the under side of the leaf, in patches often in axils of veins. Trichomes long, tangled and distorted. Quite different from other forms, unless it be the E . a c e r i n u m of Schweinitz (see no. 5). Carman '92, no. 4 N.H. Jarvis '07, p.62, third sp., pl.B, fig. 2 Ont. Mr Burnham reports this from the summit of Creylock mt, Mass. Acer sp. 19 A black velvety erineum in large irregular patches on leaf. (Probably the old stage of some of the preceding). Hagen '85, no. 29 (Erineum p u r p u r a s c e n s) N.H. 20 E r i n e u m p u r p u r a s c e n s Link no. 36, " frequens in A c e r i n i s f o 1 i i s ." Schweinitz '34, no. 2808 Pa. I suppose this is our no. 16, but the description is not accessible to me. Compare no. 19. 124 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 21 An erineum on maple, with capitate trichomes; not further described. The mite is Eriophyes ryderi Banks. Ryder '79. Am. Nat. XIII 704, fig. (P h y t o p t u s s p.) Hagen '85, no. 28 Banks '07. Catalogue of Acarina, p.621 (E. ryderi) As Ryder omits to mention the color or position of the erineum, the kind of maple, or the locality, it would seem that some un- certainty attends the identification of his species. Professor Par- rott is at present working on these forms. Key to the forms of Eiiiicuin en Acer A On upper surface of leaf a Red or purple, to blackish 1 Mostly at tips of lobes... No. i on A. glabrum 2 Scattered between veins . . . No. 16 on A . s a c c h a r u m ? No. 19 on A. sp. ? Erineum p u r p u r a s c e n s , no. 20 3 Along veins (see below, no. 7) b White or yellow, to brown 1 Along veins, elongated. . .No. 6 on A . r u b r u m No. 15 on A . s a c c h a r u m 2 Spreading from veins, pink spotted. . .No. 7 on A . rubrum B On under surface of leaf a pimpled Nos. 2 and 3 on A . n e g undo b Planate 1 Trichomes simple, long. . . No. 18 on A . s p i c a t u m ? E r i n e u m a c e r i n u m of Schweinitz on A . r u b r u m , no. 5 2 Trichomes capitate (a) Whitish No. 12 on A . s a c c h a r u m ? E r i n e u m p 1 a t a n o i d e u m , no. 13 (b) Yellowish to brown.. No. 4 on A . rubrum ? E r i n e u m a c c r i n u m , no. 5 No. 9 on A . s a c c h a r i n u m No. 14 on A . s a c c h a r u m No. 163 on A . 1 e u c o d e r m e Erineum 1 u t e o 1 u m , auct. Pocket-gall (Eriophyes q u a d r i p e s ) . . No. 10 on A . s a c c h a r i - n u m No. 8 on A . r u b r u m Pcuch-gall (Eriophyes a c e r i c o 1 a) . . . No. 17 on A . s a c c h a r u m No. 1 1 on A . s a c c h a r i - n u m No. 164 on A. leucoderme REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 I25 Alnus alnobetula (mountain alder) 22 E r i n e u m a 1 n i g- e n u m Link no. i8 " frequens in foliis Alni undnlatae " (= viridis or alnobetula) Schweinitz '34, no. 2800 Pa. Placed under section Phyllerium, with simple trichomes. Alnus glutinosa ? (European alder) 23 Eriophyes brevitarsus Fockeu, making an erineum on species of Alnus, has been recorded from North America by Nalepa, Das Tierreich, Lief. 4, page 8 (1898) ; see Banks '07. As that paper is not accessible to me I am unaware whether it was found on the introduced or a native alder, and am indebted to Professor Banks for the reference. Connold 1901 [Brit. Veg. Galls, p. 130, pi. 49], describes the Euro- pean gall, on A . glutinosa, as a blisterlike swelling on the upper surface of the leaf often involving the veins and midrib, smooth and glossy above, beneath slightly pubescent. He indicates in the synonymy Erineum alneum Persoon and Phyl- lerium a 1 n i g e n u m Kunze ; these appear from the descrip- tions to be quite different from each other [see the preceding]. E. alneum Persoon '22: no. 21 is described (from A. gluti- nosa) as a Grumaria, thus having the trichomes capitate, which distinguishes it from the following forms. Alnus incana (speckled alder) *24 A white frostlike erineum on under side of leaf, in the axils of the veins. Trichomes dense, pellucid. Jarvis '07, p.63, first sp. Ont. Specimens are in the State Herbarium from Fort Edward [^sce Peck 1869, 22d Rep't, p.ioi, Erineum a 1 n i g e r u m] , Catskill mountains and Albia (Professor Peck) labeled Erineum a 1 n i g e r u m Kunze, " differ.'; from E . alneum Pers." and " near E. tortuosa but hypophyllous and colored." These specimens are orange to rusty brown (dried) and in some the gall covers nearly the entire under surface. N.Y. Very probably identical with our no. 22, E . a 1 n i g e n u m . For E. alneum see the preceding. The description of E. t o r t u o s u m is not accessible to me ; very likely it is the fol- low insf. 126 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 25 Small reddish or whitish flat woolen patches (erineum) on the upper side of the leaves. Hagen '85, no. 30 ( E r i n c u m a 1 n i g e r n m) N.H. Differs from the preceding in position, but may be the same. Persoon '22, no. 11 describes an E. alni-incani under the section Phyllerium that may be one of these forms. *26 A small red pubescent pocket-gall on leaf. Jarvis '07, p.6o, third sp. Ont. Specimens from Shushan (F. Dobbin) and Remscn? (I. L. Nixon), at first green or yellowish; doubtfully from Lyons pond, Nassau, Rensselaer co. N.Y. This may be compared with the galls of E r i o p h y e s 1 a e v i s (Nalepa) on A 1 n u s g 1 u t i n o s a ; see Connold 1901, British Vegetable Galls, p. 140, pi. 54. Alnus rugosa (serrulata) (smooth alder) *2y Small remote pocket-galls on the upper side of the leaf. (Perhaps same as preceding). Hagen '85, no. 31 Western States A form agreeing fairly with this description, but more crowded and projecting on both sides of leaf, was collected between Albany and Schenectady. N.Y. Hagen's no. 32, " a hypertrophy of the female aments by a fungus," from the west, included in his list because Baron Osten- Sacken thought it acarideous, is I believe now fully recognized as a fungus-gall. This remarkable deformation has been collected on Alnus i n c a n a at Lyons pond, Nassau, Rensselaer county, N.Y. No mites were found in or on the gall. Amelanchier canadensis (service-berry) 28 A dimple ( ?) similar to a Phrygian cap, with the tip rolled down, on the upper side of the leaf, rarely below. Older stage ( ?) larger, yellowish, tip open and woolly. Hagen '85, no. 33 and ? no. 34 Mass. Amelanchier rctundifolia ^ (round leaved Juneberry) 29 Small, nearly globular, dark brown pocket-galls, averaging 2 mm in diameter, singly or in clusters on the upper side of the leaf; beneath pubescent and protuberant. Jarvis '08, p.92, second sp., pl.D, fig. i Ont. 1 Jarvis erroneously refers this to A m e 1 a n c h i e r canadensis in his explanation of the plate. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 12"] Ampelopsis (sp?) (ampelopsis) 30 A " nail-gall " (pouch-gall) on the leaves tapering to both extremities and resembling strongly our no. 17. Garman '83, p. 135 (mention) (Southern?) Garman speaks of this as described by Professor Riley, but I am unable to locate the latter's account. Possibly it is represented by Banks' figure 195, Treatise on Acarina, page 103, in which case the species is Ampelopsis cordata, the simple-leaved Ampelopsis. Amygdalus persicae (peach) *3i A silver sheen on the leaf, due to P h y 11 o c o p t es c o r n u t u s Banks. Banks 1905. Wash. Ent. Soc. Proc. VII:i4i N.J. Parrott '07. N.Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 283, no. 15 Professor Parrott reports this from Shortsville. N.Y. Anemone virginiana ? (tall anemone) *32? A golden brown erineum on the under (?) side of the leaf, observed at an elevation of 2700 feet on Blackhead mountain in the Catskills, last of June. As the description and identification are from memory, the specimen being lost, this must be regarded as a doubtful form. N.Y. Aristolochia macrophylla (sipho) (Dutchman's pipe) 33? A small woolen capsule (?) on the under side of the leaf, with a small rounded woolly opening above. Not certainly Acarian. Hagen '85, no. 35 Mass. Aronia nigra (black chokeberry) (Pyrus melanocarpa) 34 Tiny specklike capsule galls on the leaves, brown when mature, lesembling no. 59 on Crataegus. Jarvis '08, p.94, first sp. Out. Apparently the first form reported on this host. Artemisia sp. (wormwood) 35 A bud deformation of black globes of densely crowded fila- ments. ' Hagen '85, no. 36 New Eng. 128 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Betula lenta (carpinifolia) (sweet birch) ^36 A crimson red erineum, turning to ochreous, in straight beady hnes, midway between the ribs or closely bordering the ribs, or both, on upper side of leaf. Trichomes capitate. Schweinitz '34, no. 2809 ( E r i n e u m 1 i n e o 1 a ) Pa. Specimens in the State Herbarium from the Helderbergs (Pro- fessor Peck) labeled E . 1 i n e o 1 u m . There seems to be no doubt of the identification; de Schweinitz's description is full and precise. Also from Gravel pond, Grafton, Rensselaer co. N.Y. 37 A rosy pink erineum in large patches on the upper side of the leaf. Garman '92, no. 17 N.H. Jarvis '07, p.63, fifth sp. Ont. Possibly a spreading form of the preceding. Betula lutea (yellow birch) 38 A bud deformation, crowded and irregular, often in bunches of large size. Hagen '85, no. 37 Mass. Jarvis '07, p. 59, seventh sp., pi. A, fig. 6 Ont. Betula nigra (red birch) 39 Erineum b e t u 1 i n u m Link no. 26. Schweinitz '34, no. 2804 Pa. Placed under Erineum proper, with capitate trichomes, and simi- larly under Grumaria by Per soon ^22: no. 17, who describes it as " effusum planiusculum primo subgrumosum albidum, purpureum et roseum, dein rubiginosum obscurum. Cresc. in utraque pagina fol. Betulae albae, sed magis in superiore, praesertim si colore est rubro. Hue pertinent ut varietates E. betulinum roseum et pur- pureum auctorum." 40 E r i n e u m roseum Link no. 25, " frequens." Schweinitz '34, no. 2803 Pa., Car. Persoon considered this a color variety of the preceding, as will be seen from the above quotation. Loew, Verb, der k. k. zool.-bot. Ges. in Wien 1885: 455, 461 describes E. roseum Schultz as forming small irregular, mostly elongated, crummy patches of a blood-red color upon the upper surface of the leaves (of B . ,a 1 b a , h u m i 1 i s and pubescens); in the early summer carmine red. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 I29 41 A pocket ( ?) gall, chiefly on the upper side of the leaf, often confluent. Walsh '64, p.6o8, and '6^, p.256 111.? (Hagen '85, p.29)- Betula papyrifera (paper birch) 42 A yellowish white to brownish erineum forming large patches between the ribs on the under side of the leaf. Trichomes capitate, rather long. Garman '92, no. 14 N.H. Jarvis '07, p.62, fifth sp. - Ont. *43 A nodular pocket-gall, occurring upon both faces of the leaf ; yellowish or reddish to purplish; those on the under surface finely pubescent. With preceding. Garman '92, no. 15 N.H. Jarvis '07, p.6o, fourth sp. Ont. Specimens from North mountain, near the Catskill Mountain House. N.Y. Betula populifolia (American white birch) *44 A bright rusty erineum lining dimples on the under side of the leaf; dark brown or brick-red when dry. Trichomes capitate. Peck '69, p.ioi (Erineum aureum Pers.) N.Y. German '92, no. 16, fig. 4 N.H. Professor Peck's specimens from Fcrt Edward, as above, are in the State Herbarium, also others from Nassau (Peck) labeled E . b e t u 1 i n u m Reb. ; see our no. 39. E . a u r e u m was described from Populus nigra and P. fastigiata,( Per- soon '22: no. 23), and appears quite another thing. Betula pumila (low birch) 45 A transparently white, granular erineum on the surface of the leaves. Jar.vis '07, p. 63, fourth sp. Ont. . Betula sp. 46 Erineum semydophilum Link no. 11, "in foliis betulinis Horti." Schweinitz '34, no. 2798 Pa. Placed under section Phyllerium with simple trichomes, which distinguishes it from any of the preceding forms on birch. Appar- ently not in Persoon. 5 130 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Castanea sativa (European chestnut) 47 A small capsule gall on the leaf, more or less spherical, but hemispherical when along side of a vein, diameter 2 to 3 mm; at first green, becoming brown. Jarvis '08, p.93, second sp. Out. Said to be common, but apparently never before recorded in America. Celtis occidentalis (hackberry) ^48 A witch-broom gall on branches and twigs, produced by an Eriophyes associated with the fungus Sphaerotheca. Cook '04, p.862, fig. 52 Ind. Kellerman and Swingle '88. Jour, of Mycology, IV 194 Kan. Reported (photograph) from Brooklyn (J. J. Levison) N.Y. Cephalanthus occidentalis (buttonbush) 49 Clusters of small protuberances (dimples?) on the upper side of the leaf, i to 3 mm high, paler or reddish; beneath with a white pubescence. The mite is E r i o p h y e s c e p h a 1 a n t h i Cook. Jarvis '08, p.92 (Eriophyes cephalanthi) Out. This seems quite different from the following. Professor Jarvis (i)i lift.) informs me that he has found this mite, originally described by Cook from Cuba, in nearly every state from Ontario to Louisiana. 50 A pocket-gall like that on S a 1 i x nigra, see our no. 134. .Usually very abundant on leaves. Walsh 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. Ill :6o8 and 1867, idem VI:286 . 111.? (Hagen '85, p.29) Citrus aurantium (orange) 51 Brownish rust spots on the rind, and curled leaves lacking gloss, due to Phyllocoptes oleivorus ( Ashmead) Ashmead 1879, Can. Ent. XI: 160 (T y p h 1 o d r o m u s o i 1 i i o o r u s) Fla. Carman '83, p. 124 ( P h y t o p t u s oleivorus) (Hagen '85, p.22) Banks '04. Treatise on Acarina, p. 105 (Eriophyes oleivorus) Fla., Cal. Parrott '07. N. Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 283, no. 18 Banks '07. Catalogue of Acarina, p.621, Phyllo- coptes oleivorus REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 I3I Citrus medica limon (lemon) 52 Whitened or silvery spots on the rind, and curled leaves, caused by same mite as the preceding. See no. 51 for references. Clematis sp. (virgin's bower) 53 Small, short whitish tubes, open at end, in crowded patches on leaves, bud stalks and buds. Hagen '85, no. 40 Wash. Cornus canadensis (bunchberry) 54 An erineum in small blackish spots on upper side of leaf. Hagen '85, no. 41 N.H. Corylus americana (hazelnut) *55 A bud deformation, checking further development as soon as it has begun to expand. The mite is Eriophyes avellanae (Nalepa) [sec Connold '01, Brit. Veg. Galls, p.126, pi. 47]- Specimens from Nassau (Dr Felt) and Albany, (Mr Young) N.Y. I am indebted to Professor Parrott for the identification of this interesting addition to our fauna first brought in by Dr Felt. Crataegus coccinea (red haw) 56 " Spinulose blackish galls on the upper side of the leaf." Hagen '85, no. 44 Mass. Crataegus crus-galli (cockspur thorn) "^=57 Leaf curls. Hagen '85, no. 43 (Acarus crataegi vermi- culus) 111- (Walsh '67, Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. VI 1227, Crataegi V e rm i c u 1 u s) Doubtfully from Nassau, Rensselaer co. N.Y. Crataegus punctata (large-fruited hawthorn) 58 Erineum p y r a c a n t h a e Link no. 34, " in f oliis." Schweinitz '34, no. 2807 Pa- Described by Persoon '22, no. 18 from Cotoneaster pyra- c a n t h a and placed by both in the section with capitate trichomes. Color reddish. 13-2 NEW YORK STATli AEUSEUAL 59 A capsulc-gall, \'cry small, green to brown, and abundant on tlie leaves, Jarvis '07, p/)i, sixth sp. Ont. Resembles the g-alls ofEriophyes crataegi [Connold '01, Brit. Veg. Galls, p. 132, pi. 50], on C r a t a e g u s o x y a c a n t h a . Crataegus tomentosa (pearthorn) 60 Leaf curls, same as our no. 57. Hagen '85, no. 42 ( A c a ru s crataegi v e r m i c u - 1 u s) 111. ( Walsh '67, p. 227, Crataegi v e r m i c u 1 u s) Crataegus sp. 61 Long serpentine leaf-folds disix)sed radially, convex on upper surface, green and red. Jarvis '07, p.6o, second sp., pi. A, fig. 3 Ont. Perhaps the same as the preceding. Dasystoma flava (downy false foxglove) (G e r a r d 1 a flava) 62 " Deformation of the leaf." Hagen '85, no. 49 Mass. Diospyros virginiana (persimmon) 63 An erineum in numerous small patches on the upper side of the leaf. Hagen '85, no. 45 D.C. Euphorbia corollata (flowering spurge) 64 A deformation of the leaves and flower buds. Cook 1904, Ohio Naturalist, IV:iiS, fig. 70-72, Ind. ? FagUs americana (ferruginea) (American beech) ^65 A golden rusty to dark brown erineum on the under side of the leaf between the veins. Trichomes capitate. Dry speci- mens are deep chocolate to black. Peck '69, p.ioi (Erineum f a g i n e u m) N.Y. Hagen '85, no. 47 (Erineum f e r r u g i n e u m) N.H. Carman '92, no. 20 Ky., Mich., Mass. _ ?Trotter '03, p.66, no. 13, fig. 9. [Sec our no. 164^-4] REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 1 33 Specimens in the State Herbarium from Fort Edward (Professor Peck) as above, Catskill mountains (Peck) "club broader and more abrupt," and Felt House, Lewis co. (Peck) labeled E. f a g i n e u m. Collected at Normansville (Mr Gillett), Gravel pond near Grafton, and Catskill. N.Y. Hagen's " E . f e r r u g i n e u m " is evidently a slip by con- fusion with the old specitic name of the host. 65^ E r i n e u m f a g i n e u m Link no. 32. Schweinitz '34, no. 2806 N.C., Pa. Placed by de Schweinitz (and by Persoon '22 : no. 16) in the section with capitate trichomes. Described by Persoon from Fag us sylvatica; his description seems more applicable to the following than the preceding as he says : " in foliis . . . magis versus marginem superiorem. Ab initio album." Loew, however, (Vienna 1885) describes it as " ausnahmslos auf der unteren seite der Blatter," (of F. s y 1 v a t i c a). I do not know which form de Schweinitz had before him ; he docs not name the host, but the latter is assumedly our native species. *66 A whitish or golden yellow to brown erineum on the upper side of the leaf between or following the veins. Trichomes capi- tate. Perhaps a form of no. 65. Garman '92, no. 19, fig. 5 N.H., Mich. Specimens from Blackhead mountain at 1850 feet in the Cats- kills, from Catskill, and near Grafton. N.Y. This may be compared with the E r i n e a .n n e r v i s e q u u m of Persoon '22, no. 22, Loew '85, p.456, occurring on the European species of beech. Fagus sylvatica (European beech) 67 A frosty, wdiite erineum in large patches on the under side of the leaf. Trichomes spherically capitate. Jarvis '07, p.62, fourth sp., pl.B, fig. 4 Ont. This agrees closely with Loew's description of Erineum f a g i n e u m [Verhandlung der k.k. zool.-bot. Gesellschaft in Wien, 1885, p.456]; see under no. 651/. Probably identical with our no. 65, and possibly Jarvis cited the exotic beech by an over- sight, as he says it is " very common." 134 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Fraxinus americana (white ash) 68 Elongated capsules or vein-galls on the leaves, pinkish above, whitish below, on one side of the vein. Opening underneath, pubescent within. Mites very abundant. Jarvis '07, p.6i, first sp., pi. A, fig. i Ont. *69 Typical capsule-galls, small, irregularly circular and light green in color, on the leaf, the aperture below. Garman '83,- p.137 (Phytoptus sp.) 111. Cook '04, p.862 (mention) Ind. Jarvis '07, p.62 (E r i o p h y e s f r a x i n i) Ont. Jarvis refers this to Carman's Phytoptus fraxini, but Carman describes the mite as very different and distinctly sepa- rates the two. Jarvis says : " upon white ash glabrous," Carman : " a slight clothing of white hairs." See no. 71. Specimens from New York city (Mr L. H. Joutel) and Pough- keepsie (Mr Nixon). N.Y. *70 A deformation of the terminal buds, their development arrested, producing a mass of small twisted leaf ends. Carman '83, p.137 (mention) 111. Felt 1907, Park & Woodland Trees 11:633 (Erio- phyes fraxiniflora) N.Y. Specimens from Albany; recorded also from Brooklyn. N.Y. This resembles a fungoid growth, like that on A 1 n u s r u g o s a , but Dr Felt assures me that he has seen the mite. He considers that it is the staminate flowers which are affected, hence his name for the species. Fraxinus lanceolata (viridis) (green ash) 71 A small, light green capsule-gall on the leaf, sometimes irregular or confluent. Opening beneath, pubescent. The mite is Eriophyes fraxini (Carman). Carman '83, p. 136, fig. 2^] (Phytoptus fraxini) 111. Cook '04, p.862 Ind. Parrott '07, N.Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 283, no. 16 Fraxinus pennsylvanica (pubescen*) (red ash) ^2 Capsule-galls similar to no. 69 ; hairy. Jarvis '07, p.62 (Eriophyes fraxini) Ont. This, also, is probably wrongly referred by Jarvis ; see remarks under our no. 69. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 1 35 Fraxinus sp. 73 Densely crowded pocket-galls covering upper surface of the leaf. Hagen '85, no. 48 Mass. Hicoria alba (whiteheart hickory) (Carya tomentosa) 74 " Deformation and folds on the leaf." Hagen' 85, no. 39 U.S. (Walsh '67, Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. VI:286?) I do not know whether this is intended to be the same as Hagen's no. 38; the latter is a Phylloxera (Aphid) gall, not a mite. Juglans cinerea (butternut) 75 A brown velvety erineum surrounding the leaf stalks, or on the main veins, causing a swelling and bending of the stalk or vein. Schweinitz '34, no. 2810, E r i n e u m a n o m a 1 u m Pa. Hagen, '85, no. 50 (Erineum ano malum and J u g 1 a n d i s c a u 1 i s) U.S. This remarkable form is described at length by de Schweinitz from both J . cinerea and J . nigra. See no. JJ. y6 A button shaped pocket-gall on the upper side (usually) of the leaf, green or lighter colored, beneath widely open and lined with whitish or brownish simple trichomes. Garman '92, no. 18 Ky. Juglans nigra (black walnut) '^yy The same as no. 75 Schweinitz . '34, no. 2810, Erineum ano m a 1 u m Pa. Walsh '6y, Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. VI 1227 ( J u g 1 a n d i s can lis) in.? Cook '03, Ohio Naturalist 111:424, fig. 47, 48 (E . a n o m a 1 u m ) Cook '04, p.859, fig. 50 ( A c a r u s c a u 1 i s) Ind. Banks '07, p.620 (Eriophyes c a u 1 i s) Jarvis '08, p.93, fifth sp., pi. D, fig. 2 Out. As the mite has never been described, the names applied to it have no standing. It is long and cylindrical. Specimens from Irving, Chautauqua co. N.Y. 136 NEW Vt)RK STATE MUSEUM 78 All criueuni and l)lister on the leaf, referred to the work of E r i o p h y e s t r i s t r i a t u s ( Nalepa) . Banks '04, 106 (and in litt.) Cal. This is the E r i n e u ni j n g 1 a n d i n n m of Persoon '22, no. 2, described from J u ^ 1 a n s r e g- i a ; trichomes simple [sec also Connold '01, Brit. A'eg\ Galls, p.i/2, pi. 70, p. 182, pi 75]. 79 A green warty pocket-gall on either side of leaf, but chiefly the upper, 2 to 5 mm high. Resembles our no. 146 Jarvis '08, p.93, fourth sp. Ont. Apparently the same as our no. 76 on J . c i n e r e a . " Leguminous plant, sp.? " 80 " Very small black spots " sprinkling the upper surface of the leaf. Hagen '85, no. 51 Santa Cruz, Cal. This sounds more like a fungus than a mite gall. Nyssa sylvatica (multiflora) (tupelo) 81 A small, round capsule-gall on the leaf, often lobed above, conical below with an opening at the apex. No trichomes. The mite is Eriophyes nyssae Trotter (1903). Carman '92, no. i, fig. i Va., 111., Ky. Trotter '03, p.67, no. 16, fig. 10 (Eriophyes nyssae) N.C. Banks '07 Catalogue of Acarina, p.62r (and //; //7^) N.C. *82 A narrow infolding of the leaf margin upon the upper sur- face, dark brown when dry, elegantly scalloped [sec pi. — ]. Garman '92, no. 2, fig. 2 Va., 111., Ky. Fresh specimens from Lyons pond near Nassau, Rensselaer co., are green to pinkish ; the mites are very abundant and light Ijrown- ish. N.Y. Populus grandidentata (large toothed aspen) 83 A white to dark brown erineum or dimple-gall on the under side of the leaf. Trichomes granular. Jarvis '07, p.63, third sp. Ont. *84 A small green or red pocket-gall ( ?) on the upper side of the leaf, open below and lined with granules. Jarvis '07, p.6o, eighth sp. Ont. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 1 37 Specimens from West Athens referred to this, appear as button- like knobs sHghtly constricted at base and widely open below. Trichomes coarsely granular and distorted. The whole green when fresh, turning brown. Also from North mountain, near the Catskill Mountain House. N.Y. Populus heterophylla (downy poplar) 85 (?) A rib-gall on the main vein, believed to be Phytoptid. Specimen from Newfoundland village (L. H. Joutel). N.J. Populus nigra, var. italica (Lombardy poplar) 86 A large deep, sharply defined dimple, green, orange-yellow within, 4 to 12 mm in diameter, 2 to 5 mm deep, convex toward the upper surface of the leaf. Jarvis '08, p.93, third sp., pi. D, fig. 3 Ont. Populus tremuloides (American aspen) '•'87 An olive-bufif to olive-brown erineum or dimple, slightly indented on the under side of the leaf, up to 6.5 mm in diameter, one to eight of these on a leaf. Trichomes coarsely capitate or calyculate. Specimens from Albany, and in the State Herbarium froiu Shandaken (Professor Peck) labeled Erineum a u r e u m , and " neither a u r e u m nor p o p u 1 i n u m according to Greville," and from Center, now Karner, Albany county (Peck) labeled E. aureum, and "not like aurcum as figured in Greville." N.Y. Erineum aureum Persoon '22, no. 23, is described from Populus nigra and P. fastigiata and placed in the sec- tion Taphria (Taphrina) having the trichomes fused into a crust; it is evidently different from this. Erineum populinum Persoon '22, no. 20, placed undei Grumaria with trichomes capitate, is described from P, tremula as " cespitulis orbicularibus immersis grumosis opacis spadiceis," which agrees passably with the present form. 88 Dimples " on the leaves on the upper side lined with spherical granules, reddish or greenish in color." The galls are green, three to four to a leaf, 2 to 3 mm in diameter. Jarvis '07, p.6o, sixth sp. Ont. May be the same as the preceding, but the description is am- biguous and gives the impression that this gall is the reverse of that. 138 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM *89 Both edges of the leaf inroHed toward each other on the upper surface. The mites not observed, but believed to be Phytoptid. Compare the work of Eriophyes tetratrichus (Nalepa) on Tilia europaea [Connold '01, Brit. Veg. Galls, p. 166, pi. 6y]. Specimens from Albany (Mr Young). N.Y. *9o A deformation of stem and twigs producing large irregular galls, the " Knospenwucherungen " of the Germans. The mite is Eriophyes populi (Nalepa). Nalepa, Vienna 1890, 43, pi. 3, fig. 6 Banks '07, p.621 and in lift. N.Y., Col., Idaho Jarvis '08, p.93, sixth sp. Ont. Occurs in Europe on Populus tre m u 1 a ; this is C a 1 y - cophthora populi Amerling and B a t o n e u s populi Kirchner, Professor Banks (in litt.) gives me the New York record, "Lebanon Springs, July 11, 1895, W. H. Harrison." Potentilla canadensis (five-finger) 91 A whitish erineum resembling minute tufts of grass, numer- ous on both sides of the leaf. Trichomes simple. Garman '92, no. 3, fig. 3 Va. Potentilla pennsylvanica (prairie cinquefoil) 92 "Erineum on the leaves; somewhat doubtful." Hagen '85, no. 53 Saskatch. Compare with the preceding. Prunus americana (wild plum) *93 A very long, slender pouch-gall, green or whitish, on the under side of the leaf. The mite is probably Eriophyes pruni Schoene mss, (Parrott '07, N.Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 283, no. 13), which Professor Banks (in lift.) would refer to E. pr u n i - c r u m e n a [Walsh 1868, 111. ist Rep't, p.55] Banks, Catalogue of Acarina, p.621. Specimens from Normansville, Albany co. N.Y. ? Jarvis '07, p.6i, third sp. Ont. Jarvis's description implies that his gall was on the upper side of the leaf; otherwise it agrees with this. RKPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 1 39 Prunus angustifolia (Chickasaw plum) 94 A pocket-gall on the leaves, elongated and purselike on the lower side, tomentose; above rounded and hairy. Lintner '96 N.Y. State Mus. 50th An. Rep't, p. 318, 350 Pa. Dr Lintner suggests that the mite is " P h y t 0 p t u s p r u n i Amerl." Prunus domestica (plum) *95 A tubercular growth encircling base of buds and shoots, caused by E r i o p h y e s p h 1 o e o c o p t e s (Nalepa) . Jarvis '07, p. 59 Out. Banks '04, p. 105 Parrott '07, no. 14 U.S. A widely distributed pest. The N. Y. citations will be given in the forthcoming check list of Acarida. Prunus maritima (beach plum) 96 " Deformation of the leaves." Hagen '85, no. 54 Mass. 97 Long pedunculated black pouch-galls on the upper side of the leaves. Hagen '85, no. 55 Mass. 98 A smaller and shorter stalked, green pouch-gall on (the upper side of) the leaves. Same as our no. 100. Hagen '85, no. 56 Mass. Prunus pennsylvanica (pin cherry) 99 Reddish, slender pouch-galls, somewhat irregular and pu- bescent. Jarvis '08, p.94, third sp. Ont. Except for the pubescence, this is of the type of the following. Prunus serotina (wild black cherry) '''100 A green or rosy red pouch-gall on the upper side of the leaf, rupturing when old. The mite is believed by Professor Parrott to be Eriophyes padi (Nalepa) var. Walsh '67 Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. VI 1226 (Cera si c r u m e n a) 111. 140 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Hag-en '85, no. 58 West Point, N.Y. Beutenmiiller '92. Am. Miis. ]'ul. IV 1278, pi. 16, fig. 7 (Acarus scroti nae) N.Y. city Beutenmiiller '04. Amer. Mus. Jour. IV, no. 87, fig. N.Y. Cook '04, p.858, fig. 49 (Acarus s c r o t i n a e) Ind. Jarvis '07, p.6i (Eriophyes scroti nae) Ont. Banks 07, Catalogue of Acarina, .p.621, Eriophyes s e r o t i n a e Specimens from Poughkecpsie (Mr Nixon) and Catskill ; ob- served on Blackhead mountain, Catskills, at 3360 feet. N.Y. Specimens from Pownal (Mr Burnham). Vt. 1 01 A ])ocket-gall ( ?) shorter and more densely crowded than the preceding. (Compare oin- no. 104). Hagen '85, no. 59 Col. 102 Leaf deformation, same as our no. 96. Hagen '85, no. 57, no. 61 Md., Mass. Prunus virginiana (chokecherry) *I03 Erineum (?) pruni Schweinitz (no. 7), " nervos sequens. An hujus generis? Floccis longis subrectis utrinque cir- cum nervum folii centralem densissime sitis, in pagina aversa colore badio-ferrugineo, ad 2-3 linearem longitudinem extensis nee intricatis aut saltem parum. Demum etiam circum nervos secun- darios apparet." Schweinitz '34, no. 2802 N.Y. Placed under Phyllerium, with simple trichomes. De Schwein- itz's specimens were " sent by Halsey," exact locality not stated. No one else seems to have recognized this form; is it possible that the describer was deceived by the normal pubescence seen on several species of Prunus-? *I04 A green or reddish pouch-gall on the upper side of the leaf, differing from no. 100 in lacking the funnel form shape to the aperture. Often much crowded. Jarvis '07, ]). ()i, second sp., pi. A, fig. 2 CJnt. Specimens from Catskill. N.Y. Prunus sp. 105 "A very large erineum," on P r u n u s ? s p . Hagen '85, no. 60 Mass. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I9O7 I4I 106 Small yellow pocket-galls, crowfled on the upper side of the leaves and around some stalks. Hag-en '85, no. 62 Wash. This may be compared with the galls of E r i o p h y e s s i m i - 1 i s on P r u n u s s p i n o s a , in Europe [see Connold '01. Brit. Veg. Galls, p. 162, pl.65]. Compare also with our no. loi. Pyrus communis (pear) '''107 The well known "leaf-blister," reddish, green to black, 03 the upper side of the leaf, caused byEriophyes pyri (Pag.) The same gall also harbors E p i t r i m e r u s pyri and P h y h 1 o c o p t e s s c h 1 e c t e n d a 1 i of Nalepa. Garman '83, p. 125, 140, tig. 24, 25 111., U.S. (Plagen '85, p.22) (Connold 01. Brit. Veg. Galls, p.150, pl-SQ) Parrott '07. N. Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 283, no. 10 and p. 291 ; many figures la., Mich., Can., Del., Pa., N.Y., C, N.J., Id., Cal., Or. Jarvis '07, p.6o Out. Occurs " throughout most of the pear-growing region " accord- ing to Professor Banks. New York citations will be given in the forthcoming check list of Acarida. Pyrus (Malus) coronaria (American crab apple) 108 An erineum on the under side of the leaf. Hagen '85, no. 63 111. Pyrus (Malus) m.alus (apple) *io9 The "leaf blister," same as our no. 107, and also pimples and pockmarks on the fruit, produced by Eriophyes pyri (Pag.), or E. pyri variolata (Nal.) and harboring E m a 1 i f o 1 i a e Parrott and Phyllocoptes sc h lech ten - d a 1 i Nalepa. Parrott '07. N. Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 283, no. 10, p. 291, 311 ; many figures N.Y. Jarvis '07, p.6o Out. This gall is probably as widely distributed on the apple as on the pear, but is not recorded. The check list of Acarida will give the New York localities in full. 142 NEW YORK STATE IMUSEUM Quercus alba (white oak) '^'iio A yellowish green dimple, convex on the upper surface of the leaf, lined within with a whitish or brownish fuzz. Perhaps the same as our no. 112. Specimens from Kenwood, Albany co. N.Y. Quercus cocciriea (scarlet oak) 111 A dense mat of brown hairs (erineum) in large patches on the under side of the leaf. Jarvis '07, p.63, second sp. Ont. This may be compared with our no. 117. Quercus macrocarpa (bur oak) 112 A large greenish yellow dimple, slightly convex above, beneath filled with a dense brown pubescence. Sometimes turned inside out forming- velvety buttons under the leaf. The mite is Eriophyes querci (Garman) . Garman '83, p.138. (P hy t o p t u s querci) Ind., 111. (Parrott '07. N. Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 283, no. 4) Jarvis '07, p.6i (Eriophyes querci) Ont. Jarvis describes the pubescence as white, and the galls as yellowish red when old. Possibly his form is distinct. Quercus minor (obtusiloba) (post oak) 113 "Deformation of leaves on the margin." Hagen '85, no. 65 D.C. Quercus nana (bear oak) *ii4 A snuff brown erineum in large patches on the under side of the leaf, falling the space between veins. Trichomes simple, fine, matted, much like the normal tomentum of the leaf except that each tuft of three or four hairs is elevated on a common stalk. Appears similar to the form (no. 117) on Q. velutina, which is a glabrous species. Specimens in the State Herbarium from Center, now Karner, Albany county (Professor Peck) labeled " E . q u e r c i n u m Kz. probably." See our no. 118. N.Y. Specimens from Glen Lake, Warren county (Mr Burnham) N.Y. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 I43 Quercus platanoides (bicolor) (swamp white oak) 115 Very small pocket-galls, crowded upon the upper side of the leaf. Hagen '85, no. 64 Conn. Quercus rubra (red oak) "^'116 A brown erineum on the under side of the leaf. Trichomes fine, simple, matted. The mites are very numerous, white or pinkish. Specimens from the Indian Ladder, Helderbergs (Mr Burn- ham). N.Y. Specimens in the State Herbarium from Sand Lake (Professor Peck), and a single loose leaf without data, marked " E . qu e r - c i n u m probably," have larger patches with some light or whitish portions. See our no. 118, and the following. Quercus velutina (black oak) *ii7 A velvety red erineum on the under side of the leaf, the young parts greenish. Trichomes simple, matted. Specimens in the State Herbarium from Buffalo (Mr Clinton) labeled Erineum q u e r c i n u m . N.Y. Although more brilliantly colored than the preceding it is struc- turally the same with that, with no. 114, and probably also no. 11 1. Whether these are the true Erineum q u e r c i n u m I can not determine; see the following. Specimens from South mountain, Catskills. N.Y. Quercus sp. 118 Erineum quercinum Link no. 7. "in foliis." Schweinitz "34, no. 2796 Pa. Placed in Phyllerium, having simple trichomes. Persoon '22, no. 5, describes this as " cespitulis immersis laxis rufescentc- pallidis nitidis. Fila compressa, intricata, mollia. Hab. in fol. Quercus p u b e s c e n t i s . Phyllerium quercinum Kunze." This agrees passably with the preceding forms referred to it by Professor Peck (nos. 114, 116, 117). 1 19 Erineum q u e r c u s - c i n e r e a e Schwein. (no. 6) . Schweinitz '34, no. 2801 N.C. Placed in Phyllerium. the trichomes therefore simple. 144 NEW YOKK STATE MLI.SEUM 120 " Deformation of leaf on margins." Hag-en "85, no. 66 Mex. Compare our no. 113. 121 An oval, somewhat woolly, g'all on the upper side of the leaf. Not further described. ITag-en '85, no. 67 Col. Rhus radicans (toxicodendron) (poison ivy) 122 An erineum on the leaves. Hagen '85, no. 68 Mass. *I23 Irregular rounded dimple-galls, convex on the upper (or under) side of the leaf, green to red or purple in color, usually confluent into granular heaps; inside clothed with white trichomes. Garman '83, p. 134 111. Cook '04, p.862 Ind. Jarvis '07, p.6o, seventh sp., pi. A, fig. 5 Ont. Observed at Leeds and Catskill N.Y. Salix alba (white willow) '''124 Small thickenings or inrollings of the leaf margin, green, scattered or coalescent. Apparently the form figured by Connold '01 [Brit. Veg. Galls, p. 148, pi. 58]as the work of Eriophycs m a r g i n a t u s , on the same species of willow. Specimens from Albany (Mr Gillett) N.Y. Possibly this is the Brittle willow (Salix f r a g i 1 i s) or a hybrid between S. alba and S. n i g"r a , as it dififers somewhat from S . alba; 125 Sec no. 127. Salix amygdaloides (peach-leaved willow) *I26 Very small crimson red pocket-galls or semicapsules on the leaves, much crowded. Specimens from Irving, Chautauqua co. • N. Y. Salix balsamifera (balsam willow) 127 Small irregular, serrate and roughened pocket-galls or semi- capsules, green or red, usually on the upper side of the leaf; beneath sometimes impressed, more often projecting. Occurs on Salix alba, balsamifera, discolor and r o s t r a t a . Jarvis '07, p.6o, as "Eriophyes salicola Gar- man " Ont. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 T45 Jarvis's identification with Garniaii's form is probably erroneous ; the galls are very different, see our no. 131. The same error ap- pears to have been made by Cook for no. 136. Probably no. 129 was intended. Salix bebbiana (rostrata) (Bebb's willow) 128 Sec no. 127. Salix cordata (heart-leaved willow) 129 A purple or pale green capsule-gall, projecting either above or below the leaf, or both. Carman '83 p. 137 (Phytoptus s p .) 111. This seems to agree well with the foregoing, and may be the cause of the confusion indicated. Salix discolor (pussy willow) *I30 The same as no. 127. Jarvis '07, p.6o Ont. Our specimens, believed to be this form, are strongly pilose above and thickly pubescent, beneath, the aperture with swollen pro- truding margin, agreeing closely with the galls of Eriophyes tetanothrix laevis ( Nalepa) , on Salix c a p r e a of Europe, figured by Connold 01 [Brit. Veg. Galls, p. 164, pi. 66]. From Gravel pond near Grafton, Rensselaer co., and from Catskill, N. Y. Salix fluviatilis (longifolia) (long-leaved willow) *I3I A leaf deformation consisting of one or two narrow longi- tudinal upward folds extending lengthwise of the leaf, opening by a slit below. Color, yellowish green to brown. The mite is E r i o - phyes salicicola (Carman). Carman '83, p. 138, Phytoptus salicicola 111. Parrott '07. N. Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 283, no. 2 Specimens from Irving, Chautauqua co. N.Y. Salix fragilis ( ?) (brittle willow) 132 Deformation of leaf and twig, usually clustered near the terminus, whitish green at first, turning grayish black by winter. Jarvis '08, p.93, first sp., pi. D, fig. 5 Ont. This is unquestionably " S a 1 i c i s a e n i g m a "' (our no. 133) on a new host if Jarvis's identification of the latter in the ex- plantation of plates is correct. But why not S . nigra? 146 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Salix nigra (black willow) 133 A bud deformation of the flower catkins (fide Walsh '64, p.6o8) and leaf buds vr parts of leaves (fide Cook) producing a large irregular crunii)led mass, or core covered with filaments. Walsh '64. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. III. no. 15, p. 576, 608, (Salicis aenigma) 111. Walsh '6y, idem YI. no. 15, p. 227 Hagen '85, no. 69 ( S a 1 i c i s aenigma) 111. Osborn and Underwood '86. Can. Ent. X\'III : 12 (Ac a r u s ? aenigma) Cook '04, 859 ( A c a r u s aenigma) Ind. Banks '07. Catalogue of Acarina, p.620 (E r i o p h y e s a e ni gm a) Evidently a variable form, but Walsh's and Cook's descriptions are much at variance. Of course the name transferred from the gall to the undescribed mite has no standing. 134 A pocket or capsule-gall, irregularly hemispherical, green- ish yellow, with a projecting aperture; on either surface of the leaf but chiefly above. Walsh '64. Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. Ill : 576, 606, no. 14 (Salicis semen) 111. Walsh 'Sy, idem VI : 226, no. 14 Hagen '85, no. 70 (Salicis semen) 111. Osborn and Underwood '86. Can. Ent. XVIII, p. 12 (A c a r u s ? semen) Cook '04, p.858 (A c a r u s semen) Ind. Banks '07. Catalogue of Acarina, p. 621 (Eriophyes semen) This seems fully identical with no. 127, etc. The mite is un- described. Cook appears to have recognized this and the preceding on other species of willow, not specified. *I35 Small and very crowded pocket-galls upon the leaves. Hagen '85, no. 71 Wash. Specimens from Nassau. Rensselaer co. N.Y. Salix sp. 136 " A small, rather irregular more or less spherical gall occur- ring in great abundance on the upper surface of the leaves." Cook '04, p.862 (Eriophyes s a 1 i c i c o 1 a) Ind. The identification is of course erroneous, see our nos. 127 and 131. Although Cook separated this from our no. 134, no distin- guishing marks are given. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 1 47 137 A capsule-gall, raised about equally on both sides of the leaf. The mite is Cecidobia salicicola Banks. Banks '05, p. 142 (C . salicicola) Col. This also appears of similar type to the "' A c a r u s semen" series. Nalepa [Marcellia 5, p. 124] refers this supposed new genus to Phyllocoptes. Forms of Mite-Galls on Salix 1 Bud deformation No. 132 on S . f r a g i 1 i s No. 133 on S. nigra (Eriophyes "ae- n i g m a ' ' ) 2 Longitudinal leaf folds. . . No. 131 on S . f 1 u v i a t i 1 i s (Eriophyes salicicola) 3 Inr oiled leaf margins No. 124 on S . alba (Eriophyes m a r - g i n a t u s ? ) 4 Capsule or pocket-galls. .No. 126 en S . a m y g d a 1 o i d e s ' No. 127 on S . b a 1 s a m i f e r a No. 125 on S . alba No. 128 on S . b e b b i a n a No. 130 on S . discolor (cf. Eriophyes t e t a n o t h r i X ) No. 129 on S . c 0 r d a t a ( P h y t o p t u s sp. Carman) No. 134 on S . nigra (Eriophyes ''semen'') No. 135 on S . nig r a No. 136 on ,S . sp. No. 137 on S . sp. (Cecidobia salici- cola) Sambucus canadensis (American elder) *I38 The leaf margin rolled tightly upward and inward on both sides, bearing stout whitish or brownish trichomes within. A few dried mites were seen, not much longer than broad (shrunken?) and with rather coarse striae ; probably a Phyllocoptes. Specimens from Albany (Mr Gillett). N.Y. Sorbus americana (x\merican mountain ash) *I39 A light brown or whitish erineum on the under side of the leaf, not crossing the midrib. Trichomes simple ( ?) Specimens in the State Herbarium from Ausable ponds (Pro- fessor Peck) N.Y. This may be coinpared with Erineum s o r b e u m , no, 8 of Persoon '22 148 NEW YORK STATE ^rUSE^TM Spiraea salicifolia (American meadow-sweet) 140 Arrested development of the flower buds. The mite is an Eriophyes. Specimens from Kinistino, Saskatchewan, sent by Dr James Fletcher. Can. Spiraea sp.? (spiraea) 141 " Probably Cephaloneon on the leaves " Hagen '85, no. 72 Mass. Statice armeria (?) (sea pink) (Plumbago sp. : Hagen) 142 An erineum ( ?) of very small black spots on the upper side of the leaves, similar to our no. 145. Hagen '85, no. 52 Cal. This may be a fungus. Statice seems to be the only west coast form to which Hagen's " Plumbago " can refer. Thuja occidentalis (arbor-vitae) 143 A leaf deformation, covered with the eggs and skins. The mite, Eriophyes thujae (Garman) lives in the buds and under the leaves in winter, and on the leaves in summer, but may not often occasion serious damage or noticeable deformations. Garman '83, p. 138, fig. 30 (Phytoptus thujae) 111. Hagen '85, no. 74 Mass. Parrott '07. N.Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 283, no. i Tilia americana (basswood) *I44 Lobed or serrated green pouch-galls on the upper or rarely the lower side of the leaf. The mite is Eriophyes abnormis (Garman). Garman '83, p. 134 (Phytoptus abnormis) 111. Hagen '85, no. 73 U.S. Cook '04, p.86o, fig. 51 Ind. Felt '07. Park & Woodland Trees, 11:631 N.Y. Parrott '07. N.Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 283. no. 6. Jarvis 07, p. 59, pl.C, fig. 6 Ont. Specimens from Churchville, IMonroe co., Rensselaer, Catskill, Normansville. and from Pownal (Mr Burnham). N.Y., Vt. Recorded above from Albany, and is abundant in &,11 parts of the State according to Professor Parrott (in litt). REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOIMOLOGIST I907 I49 Triadenum virginicum (marsh St John's-wort) ( E 1 o d e s V i r g i n i c a) 145 All eriiiciim (?) of very fine and numerous black spots on the upper side of the leaves. Hagen '85, no. 43 111. Very probably a fungus. Ulmus americana (American white elm) *I46 Small green to yellowish pocket-galls, more or less spherical, usually on the upper side of the leaves. The mite is E r io p h y e s u 1 m i (Garman). Garman '83, p. 137 (Phytoptus ulmi) 111. Cook '04, p.86i Ind. Parrott '07. N.Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 283, no. 5 Jarvis '07, p. 59, pi. B, fig. 5-6 Ont. Specimens from Catskill, and occurs at Geneva (Parrott in litt.). The mite is reported from Newport (Felt '02). N.Y. Ulmus fulva (pubescens) (slippery elm) 147 A large pouch-gall (up to 2 cm) on the leaves. Differs from the preceding in its unusual size and in often commencing as a cone or deep dimple. Jarvis '07, p.63, sixth sp. Ont. This may be one of the three undescribed galls on elm enumer- ated by Walsh [Ent. Soc. Phila. Proc. VI:285]. *I47^ Irregularly lobed pubescent pouch-galls, resembling those on Tilia (no. 144), and much smaller than the preceding (3 to 6 mm), have occurred abundantly at Catskill this summer (1908), seriously affecting the leaves, although none were ob- served in the previous year. The mites are very numerous, cylindric and whitish. N.Y. 148 A small greenish pocket-gall on the upper side of the leaves, quite similar to our no. 146, and probably made by the same mite. Specimens from Pownal (Mr Burnham). Vt. Ulmus racemosa (rock elm) 149 The same as our no. 146. Jarvis 07, p.59 (pl.B, fig. 5-6) - Ont. 150 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 150 An erineuni on the under side of the leaf. Color white (?). Trichonies simple, tangled. Jarvis '07, p.62, first sp., pl.B, fig. 3 Ont. This probably is another of Walsh's forms, and with E . u 1 m i completes the tally of three mite-galls on elm. Vaccinium sp. (blueberry) 151 Small round galls (capsules?) on the leaves, Hagen '85, no. 75 Wash. Verbena hastata (blue vervain) *I52 A white and pinkish frostlike erineum and leaf curl in- volving the whole plant and apparently very destructive. ]\Iites not numerous, but a few were seen. Specimens from Nassau, Rensselaer co. N.Y. Mr G. L. Richard, State Taxidermist, informs me that he has seen this often. Viburnum dentatum (arrow wood) '''153 Large, irregular lobed dimples, convex above, rarely re- versed, pubescent without, within with long slender white hairs. Specimens from Nassau and Lyons pond, Rensselaer co. N.Y. *i54 Identical with the following. Specimens from Genesee Valley Park, Rochester. N.Y. Viburnum pubescens (downy-leaved arrow wood) "^'155 Purplish discolorations along the veins, showing on both sides of the leaf and making a striking pattern. The mite is a remarkable form, with longitudinal rows of furbelows (scales), apparently referable to Callyntrotus, a genus not previously reported in America. Professor Banks (in lift.) agrees with this reference. See preceding. Specimens from Lyons pond, Rensselaer co. the entire bush affected. N.Y. Vitis bicolor (?) (winter grape) "^'156 An orange-brown to light chocolate (dry) erineum on the lower side of the leaf, not producing any noticeable depression. Specimens in the State Herbarium from Greenbush and Fort Edward (Professor Peck) [^scc Peck 1869, 22d Rep't, p.ioi, Erineum vitis, Poestenkill] . N.Y. The reference to E . vitis seems questionable on account of the absence of a depression or swelling. See our no. 160. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 I5I Vitis cordifolia (frost grape) 157 Small semicircular or nearly circular "wart-galls" (cap- sules?) along the veins, about 2 mm in diameter and but slightly elevated on either surface of the leaf. Above paler than the leaf, below with a white nipple surrounded by a furrow. Jarvis 08, p.94, second sp. Ont. 158? A gall of " Eriophyes sp." on this species is figured by Jarvis on plate D, figure 4, but not mentioned in the text. It is evidently quite distinct from the above, being from 5 to 10 mm in diameter and with long white pubescence on the lower surface. 159 A green pouch-gall with irregular lobed top (as in that of E. abnormis), mostly upon the under side of the leaf. "Not common." Jarvis '07, p.62 ("Eriophyes vitis") Ont. The reference of this to E . vitis seems to be an error, [see the following] and the description is not greatly unlike the galls of the well known Phylloxera vastatrix (an Aphid), though more slender than the latter usually are. Vitis vinifera (grapevine) 160 An erineum on the under side of the leaf, causing a swell- ing above. Trichomes simple. The mite is Eriophyes vitis (Landois). Banks '04. Treatise on Acarina, p. 106 Cal. Parrott '07. N.Y. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bui. 283, no. 9 (P h y 1 - 1 e r i u m vitis) This is probably the Erineum ( P h y 1 1 e r i u m) vitis of Schweinitz '34, no. 2799 (Persoon '22: no. 6). N.C., Pa. Persoon's description indicates that the erineum is pinkish and later brown. 161 A leaf curl, or warty, greenish elevations on the upper surface of the leaf, entirely smooth on the inner (under) side; becoming browned or reddened when old. Forbes 1885. 14th 111. Rep't, p.84 111. Referred doubtfully by Forbes to Eriophyes vitis, but the total absence of trichomes seems to distinguish it notably, moreover the mites differ somewhat. Vitis sp. (?) (wild grape) 162 Forbes reports the preceding also on " wild grapes " in south- ern Illinois, (Garman). 152 ■ NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ADDENDA Trotter's paper in Marcellia 2:63 (' Descrizionc di varie gallc deir America del Nord ") having come to hand after the above hst was largely in type, his additional forms are here appended, references to the others having been incorporated in the text. [Sec nos. 65 and 81] Acer leucoderme f white-bark maple) 163 An erineum in scattered patches mostly on the under sur- face of -the leaf and slightly dimpled, with a corresponding faint discoloration above. Trichomes same as those of E . p u r - p u r a s c e n s (i. e. capitate). Trotter '03, p.64, no. 2 Ga. This seems to be of the same general type as our no. 14. 164 Slender pouch-galls on the upper side of the leaf. Trotter '03, p.63, no. i, fig. i Ga. Probably referable to the work of E r i o p h y e s a c e r i c o 1 a ; see our no. 17. Fagus americana (ferruginea) (American beech) 164^/2 A sparse, somewhat dimpled erineum, of a rosy or vinosc color, on the under side of the leaf, with a corresponding discoloration above. Trichomes unusually large, strongly capitate. Trotter '03, p.66, no. 13, fig. 9 Referred doubtfully to our no. 65, but presents some striking dififerences. Hicoria pecan (pecan) C a r }• a o 1 i \- a e f o r m i s 165 A narrow inrolling of the leaf-edges, especially toward the base; within Avith ridges, and tufts of hair. Trotter '03, p.65, no 6, fig. 5 Ky. Liquidambar styracifiua (sweet-gum) 166 A tawny or l)rown erineum on the under side of the leaf close to the petiole, in the angles between the \eins. Trichomes simple, cylindric, acuminate. Trotter '03, p.66, no. 14 N.C. Quercus palustris (swamp oak) 167 An erineum, mostly on the under side of the leaf, in the angles of the veins and also spreading along them. Color ashen. Trichomes simple, numerous, cylindrical, grouped in tufts. Trotter '03, p. 71, no. 35, fig. 13, 13a Tenn, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1907 I53 Quercus texana (Texan red oak) 168 Same as the preceding. Trotter '03, p. 71, no. 39 Tenn. Quercus velutina (black oak) 169 Same as the two preceding. Trotter '03, p. 72, no. 43 N.C. The description indicates a form somewhat different from any on oak known to ns; compare our no. 117 for differences. Sorbus americana (American mountain ash) Pirus americana 170 Leaf-blister, ascribed provisionally to E r i o p h y e s p y r i . [Sec our no. 107] Trotter '03, p.67, no. 17 N.C. E. pyri has been reported on mountain ash (Sorbus a u c u p a r i a) in Europe. [See Parrott '07] BIBLIOGRAPHY The abbreviated system of reference has been used in the list only for the oft-quoted papers mentioned in the introductory para- graphs, but for convenience the complete list of references is here given. W. H. ASHME.^D Ashmead 1879 Injurious and Beneficial Insects Found on the Orange Trees of Florida. Canadian Entomologist, ii:i59, 160 NATHAN BANKS Banks 1904 A Treatise on the Acarina. U. S. National Museum Pro- ceedings 1382. 28:1-114 1905 Descriptions of some new mites. Entomological Society of Washington Proceedings, 7:141 ryo7 A Catalogue of the Acarina. U. S. National Museum Pro- ceedings 1553. 32:595-^25 WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER Beutenmiiller 1892 Catalogue of Gall-producing Insects. American Mu- seum Bulletin 4 :278 ^ 1904 Tile Insect Galls of New York City. American Museum Journal 4:124 154 N'^W YORK STATE MUSEUM EDWARD T. CONNOLD Connold 1901 British Vegetable Galls. Hutchinson & Co., London MELVILLE THURSTON COOK Cook 1902, 1904 Galls and Insects Producing Them. Ohio Naturalist, 2: 263-78; 4:115 1904 Insect Galls of Indiana. Indiana Department of Geology, Annual Report, 29:801-62 E. PORTER FELT Felt 1907 Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees. N. Y. State Mu- seum Memoir 8, 2 :6i9-20, 630-31, 633-34, 7i3, 725, 745, 755 HARRISON CARMAN Garman 1883 The Phytopti and Other Injurious Plant Mites. Ento- mologist of Illinois, Annual Report, 12:123-27 1892 American Phytoptocecidii. Psyche, 6:241 H. A. HACEN Hagen 1885 Collection of Phytoptocedia. Canadian Entomologist, 17: 21-29 TENNYSON D. JARVIS Jarvis 1907 Insect Galls of Ontario. Entomological Society of Ontario, Annual Report, 37:56-72 1908 Additional Insect Galls of Ontario. Entomological Society of Ontario, Annual Report, 38:85-94 W. A. KELLERMAN AND W. T. SWINCLE Kellerman & Swingle 1888 New Species of Kansas Fungi. Journal of Mycology, 4 :94 J. A. LINTNER Lintner 1889 in N. Y. State Museum Annual Report, 42:303 1896 Phytoptus ? pruni (Amerl). N. Y. State Museum Annual Report, 50:318, 350 DR FRANZ LOEW Loew 1885 Ueber neue und schon bekannte Phytoptocecidien ; Verhandlung dcr k.k. zoologische-botanische Gcsellschaft in Wien (Vienna), p.451-70 A. NALEPA Nalepa 1898 Eriophyidae (Phytoptidae) in "Das Thierreich," Lief. 4:8 p. J. PARROTT Parrott 1907 The Apple and Pear Mites. N. Y. Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 283 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 155 CHARLES H. PECK Peck 1869 in N. Y. State Museum Annual Report, 22:101 C. H. PERSOON Persoon 1822 Mycologia Europaea, p. 2 C. V. RILEY Riley 1870 in American Entomology and Botany, 2:339 JOHN A. RYDER Ryder 1879 A probable new species of phytoptus or gall mite. American Naturalist, 13:704 LOUIS DAVID DE SCHWEINITZ Schweinitz 1834 Synopsis of North American Fungi. American Philo- sophical Society Transactions, 4:289 HENRY SHIMER Shimer 1869 Descriptions of Two Acarians bred from the White Maple. American Entomological Society Transactions, 2:319 A. TROTTER Trotter 1903 Descrizione di varie galle dell' America del Nord. Marcellia 2 :63-75 E. D. WALSH Walsh 1864, 1867 On the Insects, Coleopterous, Hymenopterous and Dipterous Inhabiting the Galls of Certain Species of Willow. Entomologi- cal Society of Philadelphia Proceedings, 3:543-644; 6:223-88 Appendix C REPORT OF THE ENTQMOLOGIC FIELD STATION CONDUCTED AT OLD FORGE, N. Y., IN THE SUMMER OF 1905 JAMES G. NEEDHAM In accordance with instructions from the State Entomologist I proceeded to Old Forge, N. Y. at the middle of June 1905 to con- tinue the study of aquatic insects and their relation to the food of fishes, that was begun at Saranac Inn in 1900. Through the cooperation and courtesy of the New York State Forest, Fish and Game Commission, laboratory (juarters were soon provided in the Old Forge hatchery and a gtiod collecting boat was placed at my disposal. I was again fortunate in having an experienced and capable collaborator in the person of l)r C. I5etten who, while giving special attention to collecting and rearing caddis flies, took a large part in all the other work of the season. To Mr Llenry Davidson who was in charge of the hatchery, and to Mrs Davidson, we were indebted for much information and assist- ance, and for the kindly and helpful interest they took in our work. Mr A. C. Church, whose house adjoins the hatchery, very kindly placed a convenient dark room at our disposal. The friendly in- terest of the people of Old Forge, the good collecting grounds near at hand, the varied and interesting fauna, and, during a fair propor- tion of the time, pleasant weather for outdoor work, all joined to make the field season of 1905 (June 15-August 20) very pleasant and fairly productive of good results. Visits to our station, for the purpose of inspecting our work and of collecting in the field with us, were made by Dr Felt, by Assistant State Entomologist Mr D. B. Young and by the late lamented State Zoologist, Dr F. C. Paulmier, whose untimely death has removed from service a most capable student of the fauna of our State. The work done by us was all in continuation of that done before and already reported upon in Bulletins 47,68 and 86 of this museum. Dr Betten gave his chief attention to collecting and to rearing caddis flv larvae and was very successful in that work. The results 156 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 157 of his study of these insects are reserved for pubUcation in a sepa- rate bulletin. I studied mainly stone flies. The results of my work on this group I have reserved for a future bulletin. The largest present gaps in the knowledge of the immature stages of aquatic insects will be filled when these two groups are reported upon; but since these are omitted from present consideration, it is only some supplementary studies the results of which are included in the present brief report; namely, some additions to our knowdedge of Ephemeridae and Diptera and some new studies of the food and foraging grounds of fishes. Localities and methods Old Forge, as is well known, is situated at the outlet of the Fulton chain of lakes. It has about the same altitude as Saranac Inn (a little more than 1700 feet) and is like the latter place in being surrounded by low densely wooded mountains and hills with lakes anrl ponds occupying valleys between ; but it differs in some minor particulars affecting its fauna. It is on the St Lawrence side of the Adirondack drainage system, while Saranac Inn is on the Cham- plain side [sec accompanying map]. It is at the outlet of a chain of lakes where a small river breaks into rapid descent over rocky beds, while Saranac Inn is at the head of a similar chain where streams are slow and sinuous, with sandy beds and sphagnum bor- dered banks. The dift'erenccs in fauna are not very marked. Old Forge is richer in the species that live in rapidly flowing water, having an abundance of stone flies and current-inhabiting caddis flies. Saranac Inn is richer in lake and pond species, especially in dragon flies. We collected chiefly from Moose river and Old Forge pond because of their proximity to our laboratory, and from Bald Mountain pond and Beaver Meadow brook because of their very fine faunas. The characteristics of our collecting grounds are worthy of more detailed statement. Moose river. The hatchery being located directly upon the bank of Moose river [pi. 4] and a stone's throw below Old Forge pond, we naturally visited these bodies of water most frequently. Moose river was disappointhig. Often in passing on the old Adiron- dack railway I had seen its dark waters dashing over the rocks in its channel and had imagined it would l)e a paradise of stone flies ; and such it may have been in times pa^^t, but since the construction of the dam and controlling works at the outlet of Old Forge pond, 158 NKW YORK STATE MUSEUM Map I Drainage map of the Adirondacks Lakes: i Raquette; 2 Long: 3 Tupper; 4 Ne-ha-sa-ne; s Cranberry; 6 Upper Saranac; 7 St Regis; S Rainbow; 9 Placid; 10 Schroon; n Fulton Chain Rlil'OKT OF Tllli STATE ExNTOMOLOGIST Kjoy 1 59 its volume is manipulated in the interests of the mills lower down in its course. Water is now high, now low ; and when it is suddenly lowered (often reduced to isolated pools with barely a trickling streamlet between them, as I saw it in July and August) the rocks are left high and dry, and such delicate aquatic organisms as stone fly nymphs die of evaporation. I found such animals chiefly in the small side streams. The fauna of the river itself between this dam and the lower tributaries is mainly reduced to such forms as live in the bottom pools. I found the rocks in the channel of the stream itself not less barren of life than was the artificial retaining wall behind the hatchery [shown in pi. 4]. Trap lanterns set out back of the hatchery at this place attracted few insects besides midges and crane flies and these probably came from pools of the stream, or from wet places in the surrounding woods. However, I maintained all summer with somewhat better results, a trap lantern at a place half a mile farther down stream on the west side of the town at a point convenient to the cottage (Camp Sakheywey) in which I spent the summer. Here the lantern attracted numerous May flies (among them the only specimens of Ephemera seen) and big species of caddis flies (Phryganea and Neuronia). Along shore on the deeper side of the river below this place indififerent fishing was indulged in by some of the natives. I saw only chubs, suckers and bullheads taken by them. Old Forge pond [map 2, />]. Neither is this body of water in a state of nature. By the building of the dam its out- lines have been altered and its depth has been increased. The water front of Old Forge is here, and the shore along the town is lined with wharves and all the other shores are dotted with cottages. Wintergreen point, which projects boldly from the northward shore, directly in front of the town, has been stripped of its forests to open a vista up the channel toward the chain of lakes in the distance. Nevertheless, the level of the water is fairly constant now, and in the less frequented portions condi- tions are quite natural and the life of its waters is very little dis- turbed. The main path toward the lakes of the Fulton chain is so traversed by pleasure craft of all sizes that nowhere else may one get a better view of the procession of pleasure seekers to the great "North Woods" [pi. 5]. Still in the coves which receive the currents of the mountain brooks entering on either side of the channel there is abundance and variety of both plant and animal life. At the hatchery pier near the outlet, there is an extensive i6o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM growth of submerged water weed with several pretty patches of pickerel weed standing in adjacent shoals. Here the bottom is deep and muddy and here bulllieads, sunfish and horned dace abound and small boys angle for them or catch the smaller of them in wire minnow traps. Schools of the re:l-bellied minnow may be seen about the edge of the beds of vegetation or darting into the shadow of the few great rocks that lie here. = I f' Map _> The vicinity of Old Forge o Old Forge; p Old Forge pond; q Lily pond; r Bald Mountain pond; i Twin ponds; t Beaver Meadow biook; v Little Moose mountain; iv Panther mountain; i, 2, 3, 4 the first four lakes of Fulton chain At the south end of the pond, where a spring is said to enter below the water line, there is much angling for speckled trout, but few trout are taken there, and such as I saw taken were small and lean. Some of the coves that receive spring brooks entering from the south farther up the channel yielded an occasional fine string of speckled trout. (3ne of these coves in which we did considerable collecting, about a mile eastward from Old Forge on the south side of the channel is the one which drains the western of the twin ponds. Growing upon the submerged hemlock tops in this cove were some of the most remarkable growths of fresh water sponges that I ever saw. Great masses [pi. 9, fig. 2] varying betw^een crustaceous and columnar, of a vivid green color, were to be seen REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 161 everywhere on the larger branches by one looking down into the water from a boat. This cove also had the usual fringe of fallen tree trunks lying half submerged, decked out to the water line with sundew. In the little side pools were beds of native callas. Still further back was an almost impenetrable tangle of fallen moss- grown boughs intermingled with ferns, and wherever dry enough the ground was overspread with broad shining green mats of bunch- berry. In these thickets mosquitos and caddis flies swarmed. Spongilla flies, so abundant in the hatchery at Saranac Inn, were rarely seen in the Old Forge hatchery, but their larvae were found in abundance in the osteoles of these living sponge masses, and their cocoons were spun thickly about the timbers of the controlling works at the dam. A trap lantern was maintained all summer at the hatchery pier and captured swarms of little May flies of the genus Caenis, swarms of midges, swarms of caddis flies and occasionally a large number of the pale green crane fly Erioptera chlorophylla. Since the hatchery received its water supply directly through a short water pipe from the dam, it is rather surprising that so many of the May flies, and the spongilla flies common in the pond did not appear commonly in the building as at Saranac Inn. Only Ephemerella, Hydropyschidae and midges emerged in considerable numbers from the hatchery troughs. Other May flies (Siphlurus c.nd Heptagenia) settled often in large numbers upon the outside of the building. Two Entomostraca occurred in such numbers within the hatch- ery that they could not escape observation. One of these was the c-mmon holarctic, Si da crystallina, which settled upon the smooth surface of our white earthenware bowls, when these were left standing in the troughs. They adhered to them so securely by a gelatinous secretion as not to be removed by a gentle washing. The other was the remarkable humpbacked Holopedium g i b b e r u m , which for a month following the middle of June accumulated in such masses upon the brass screens at the foot of the fish troughs that it could be scraped up from them in handfuls. The hatchery workmen first called my attention to these. Misled by their copious gelatinous envelops and their spherical form, the workmen not unnaturally thought them to be some kind of eggs. On the bowls with Sida there occurred in small numbers curious little Oligochaete worms wath long proboscis that I took to belong to the genus Stylaria. l62 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Bald Mountain pond [map 2, r]. This pond was the richest in aquatic hfe of any single body of water about Old Forge, but it was three miles distant, up hill most of the way, and there was no boat upon it nor shelter near it. Its banks were difficult of access and built on treacherous sphagnum where footings were very insecure. But its attractiveness was so great that we hauled a boat to it and spent several days upon it; and we returned to it a number of times afterward, by boat to First lake and a climb up the hill to the ledge where it nestles against the foot of the mountain from which it takes its name. It is but a narrow strip of black water less than half a mile long, a mere dilation of the mountain brook that spreads out and fills a gutter in the rocky slope. From the pond, the brook emerges again to descend in a succession of cascades and numerous windings in and out among fern clad boulders, imtil it enters the second lake of the Fulton chain through a miniature bottom land marsh. From the side of the pond the long mountain ridge rises steep and forest clad, and at either end there is a miniature sphagnum meadow decked with orchids and cotton grass and bordered by pale green tamaracks, backed by dark hemlocks and balsam firs. Lum- bering operations have left the tops of felled hemlocks lying in its borders half submerged. The floating leaves of yellow water lilies thickly cover its surface wherever the water is not too deep for the long stems to reach bottom. In these lily beds there was a remarkable abundance of the red newt (Diemyctylus viridescens);a dozen of them could be seen at once almost anywhere on looking down among the tangled stems. I captured a number of them and made an exami- nation of their food and found that they had all been feeding exclusively on a small bivalve mollusk that was common upon the pond bottom. Almost equally noteworthy for abundance (as well as for the size attained) were the big red leeches (Haemopsis grand is) which could be seen undulating through the water anywhere along shore. This pond has been famed for its trout fishing and it is locally reported that the trout feed freely on these leeches. We were desirous, therefore, of verifying this report by a study of the trout food, and the hatchery staff made an eft'ort to take trout for examination and used both line and seines for that purpose, but without success. No trout were obtained, nor did we see any sign that trout were present in the pond. Perhaps it is now fished out. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 163 At the outlet of the pond (the spot shown at the right hand ot the picture in pi. 6) was a bit of open water of wonderful beauty and interest whether one looked across its surface or down into its clear depths. A bed of callas fringed it, backed by a zone of sedges and clumps of alders. On the peaty bottom that was thickly sprinkled with brown plant stems, the agile nymphs of the May fly Siphlurus darted hither and thither and caddis fly larvae in abundance dragged and tumbled their big cobhouse cases about. Great loose masses of disintegrating alga-tinged gelatine, left over from the spring hatching of salamander eggs, draped all the branches of one large hemlock top, while a remarkably fine growth of fresh-water sponge of vivid green color covered another. It enveloped all the twigs and ran out in slender fingerlike processes beyond their tips, and these were beautifully displayed in the still water. On the sixth of July a few winter buds were already de- veloped on the basal parts of some of these sponge masses, and by the aid of the spicules i:- .ru j- u * u . J -l Fir 2 The fresh-watersponge Het eromyenia developed in their walls I was ry.ieri. on hemlock tops able to determine that the sponge isHeteromyenia ryderi, a species not uncommon in the east Atlantic States but one that rarely shows such luxuriance of growth. My notes on dragon flies farther on will show that some fine Cordulines were here, and Aeschnas. Dr Betten carried back to the hatchery and reared many caddis fly larvae taken from this pond. He visited the pond and set out trap lanterns on several evenings, but in each case the chilly, damp night air of so common occurrence in the Adirondacks, settled down at nightfall and his catches were exceedingly light. In other particulars than those mentioned the fauna of this pond seemed quite fairly comparable to that of other small bodies of water in this region. There were a few large diving beetles, and a few exceedingly small ones ; a few back swimmers, many water boatmen, a few Ranatras, a few whirl-a-gig beetles and very many amphipod crustaceae (Gam- marus) of large size. Beaver Meadow brook [map 2, t\. This delightful woodland brook enters Old Forge pond from the southward about half a 164 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM mile distant from the hatchery. On it are located the new fish ponds, a few hundred yards up the glen from its mouth. Here the young trout are kept in the feeding troughs during the summer after the water in the hatchery has gotten too warm for them, and here in pens made in the brook itself, a number of adult trout are pastured; they feed in part at least on the natural forage the brook affords. Above the ponds for a little way the course of the brook is steep and tortuous and its channel has been undisturbed. It wiiids in and out among moss-grown boulders, sweeps over little falls [pi. 7] that are draped with long moss and lies still in little hollows that are but half exposed to the sky above. Here was a most excellent collecting ground for aquatic insects, and here were spent very many pleasant hours of field work. Here we set our tent trap [pi. 8], to be described farther on, and preserved its captures regularly for a month. The Adirondack League Club road to Little Moose lake crosses the brook about as far above the fish ponds as these are above the shore line, and this crossing is an excellent collecting ground. Butterflies and syrphus flies swarm here, about a few roadside flower clumps. Along the roadway some fine dragon flies were found coursing back and forth : it was here I took the only speci- men I have ever seen alive of Gomphus ventricosus, adding another to the list of species belonging to the fauna of the State. Over a pool just above the bridge and under a leafy canopy that is held aloft by two slender birch trunks, little white and brown May flies, and midges, and crane flies congregated and danced in the air up and down of late afternoons, and pale green stone flies were to be seen running over the witch hazel leaves. Above the road the descent of the brook is more gentle and soon its channel widens out into the '' Beaver Meadow." It is a bit of upland marsh apparently formed above Beayer dams in aboriginal times. Its level floor is built on sphagnum. It is dotted with pitcher plants and plumed with cotton grass and ornamented in some of the wetter spots by abundant yellow Habenarius. It is not a wet marsh for the most part and it is being invaded by border- ing shrubbery and scattered pale tamaracks, and it is traversed by the sinuous alder-bordered brook, which here glides along over a level bottom that is thickly strewn with brown peaty marsh and silt. Springs from the marsh and from other lesser marshes of similar origin situated farther up on the sides of Little Moose REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 165 mountain feed the stream and supply the fish ponds with cool water. The stream is swollen after every freshet and then it gathers much silt, which gives a great deal of trouble by clogging the screens in the fish troughs. Of the insects collected from the stream within the meadow, only May fly nymphs of the genus Leptophlebia and caddis fly larvae of a number of wooden case building species were found in any considerable abundance. Another local- ity at which we did some collect- ing was Lily pond [map 2, q], a shallow pond in the woods a mile north o f the hatchery, reached by n u m e r o u s roads and trails, each one worse than the other ^'S- 3 Trap lantern used at Old Forge (trap shown in section) tudii Liic tjiijci . ^ _^j^ ordinary acetylene bicycle lamp, attached by its own clamp Wp tniarlp QPVPral ^^ ^^^ wooden arm b, which carries also the cloth leader c, and is vv c iiiduc scvci di \i^e\i nailed to the post d\ e is the trap, made of an outer cone of i.^' J, j.„ ■(- -iiri'tVi tin, and an inner one cf celluoid g; h is the cyanide package in Li ipb LU iu wiLii ^i^g space between the cones; t is a cord and j a weight for keep- great discomfort, ^e the leader properly hung. the way being difficult and the mosquitos hungry and exces- sively abundant, but we found it an excellent collecting ground, the best for dragon flies of the summer, and two new life his- tories in that group, to be found in a subsequent section, were added there. New methods. Under this heading may be mentioned the use of two new pieces of apparatus that were designed for and first used in the field work of 1905 ; a new form of trap lantern, and a water tent trap for capturing water insects at transformation. New form of trap lantern. The trap lanterns we used at Saranac Inn [described in N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 47, p. 399] were efflcient, but they were large and cumbersome, and difficult to carry from place to place. I desired a smaller one that could be readily carried afield, and set up and run anywhere. So, I adopted for the lantern part of it a small acetylene bicycle lamp and made a small' round trap of tin and celluloid to attach to its front, and hung out a leader in front of it, as shown in figure 3. The whole was attached to a light wooden arm, which could be quickly fas- l66 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM tcned to any tree or post by nailing. The whole apparatus weighed but a few pounds. For transportation the lantern was removable from the arm, and the leader rolled up about it. The trap consisted of a truncated cone of light-weight tin [f], cut to fit inside the rim of the reflector of the lantern, and having three hooks for attachment that snapped on over the outward projection of the rim. Within the tin cone was another shorter and more truncated cone of celluloid [g], having the hole at its apex large enough to admit the largest of the insects desired to be captured. The two cones were of almost equal diameter at base, where they were fastened together by means of ordinary wire paper clips. No cyanide cup was provided, none being necessary ; it was quite sufficient to place the cyanide well wrapped in absorbent paper in the space between the cones on the lower side, as shown at h in the f gure. The leader [c], hung out in front in the axis of the cone of light, is of advantage on two accounts: i It vastly increases the area of lighted surface, and this, as is well known, rather than the intensity of the light, determines the alluring power of- the trap. 2 The leader serves as a convenient alighting place in front of the trap. And most of those that are trapped alight first upon the leader, and then jump directly into the celluloid cone and pass through the hole in its center, into the cyanide chamber. More- over, swift-flying insects, which would sweep by a sniall trap and might not return again to it, are likely to be arrested by the leader. The leader we made of thin white muslin. The weight shown at / in the figure, and the cord [i] extend- ing back therefrom to the edge of the trap, are merely intended to keep the leader properly hung, and are not necessary except when a breeze is blowing or when the cloth is crumpled. Given proper conditions of darkness and warmth, this trap lan- tern works excellently. Most photophilous insects alight upon the leader and pass directly from it into the trap where in a few seconds the cyanide fumes^ quiet them. They accumulate in a layer on the lower side. This lantern is waterproof. Let no one imagine that even the best trap lantern possible will make a good catch every night. The collector who has sugared for moths, or the teacher who has picked up laboratory material ^ It should be more generally known that boracic acid crystals mixed with pulverized cyanide of potassium, cause an accelerated evolution of cyanide fumes, resulting in the kiUing of the captives more quickly and the preserva- tion of the entire catch in better condition. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 1 67 under street lamps will not need to be told that on many nights even in midsummer insects are not out to be caught. A few moths and midges may be expected almost any kind of a night, but warm sultry still nights preceding a flownpour of rain are apt to be best. In the Adirondacks a dampness and chill often settle over the land just after sundown, putting an end to the prospects for good lantern work of many a promising afternoon. During our stay at Old Forge hardly more than a half dozen nights yielded a strictly first- class catch — a catch of thousands of specimens and of scores of different species. A tent trap. Quite as an experiment, and without expecting any large results, we made a tent of cheese cloth [the one shown in plate 8] and set it directly in the bed of Beaver Meadow brook, just above the fish ponds, to capture and retain such winged insects as might upon transformation arise from the surface of the water beneath it. We anticipated that such insects would fly or climb up to the roof of the tent and remain there, attracted by the light above, and we thought that perhaps some of them might be col- lected thence more easily than they could be obtained in any other way. Our expectations were greatly exceeded. The tent was made of cheese cloth, supported on three strong cords. The cloth was folded about each cord and sewed on the inside, so as to leave no small crevices into which the insects might crawd and hide. The ridge cord was stapled to the top of two stakes [sec pi. 8], and anchored to stones at each end, and the two end cords were carried out at the sides and similarly anchored. The edges of the cheese cloth dipped into the surface of the water, and the two sides (upstream and downstream) that felt the force of the current, were anchored in place with stones. Thus secured, the tent withstood a number of freshets that occurred during the month it was in operation. It covered a water area six feet square. The stream bed here was covered with stones of various sizes, mostly matted over with moss [pi. Q. fig. i]. In a little preliminary collecting we had' discovered that this moss sheltered some interesting stone fly and May fly nymphs, but we Avere not prepared to anticipate that such numbers of them as appeared in the tent later, could actually be present there. The tent was set up on the 15th of August and maintained in operation for a month, its catch being removed daily, so long as other work permitted. Our first peep into it on the morning of l68 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the 1 6th was a revelation. Insects of five orders in astonishing numbers had transformed beneath it, and were assembled under the ridge cord, waiting to be picked off. There were several square feet of Chironomidae in the top, and stone flics and crane flics and caddis flies and May flies were scattered all over the sides. We found the gathering of all these specimens no inconsiderable task. It required usually more than an hour's diligent application for two of us every time. And this, added to other matters we had in hand, left us no time for investigating the relations these insects bear toward each other in the stream bed before their transformation. This account, therefore, of the insect life of Beaver Meadow brook is to be considered as a mere preliminary statement, giving only such data as were obtained with the aid of this tent trap. We believe that this trap will yield quantitative results within its proper field (winged insects with aquatic larvae) and that it is the first to be devised that is of any value for quanti- tative purposes. And we believe furthermore, that this collecting method is one of wider applicability. We think, for instance, that a water tent may be used for positive determination of the breed- ing grounds of various kinds of mosquitos, and of the relative numbers in which each kind is produced. The yield of the winged .insects from this area six feet square of brook bottom is shown in the following table ■} 1 I have recently made an improvement in the construction of the tent trap — one that greatly economizes the labor of taking out the catch. I make it now in pyramidal form with opaque sides supported on a sclid frame, but with a hole at the top, over which I place a light bag of netting. The insects crawl up into this bag, which being detachable, may be ex- changed in a moment for another, and with all its contents inserted into a large cyanide bottle. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 169 M r^ cr> r^V ^ M 100 o o M H H O O 1 CO CO rOrO-t O O NMOO" iON-+t^Oi-'0">-'<->OiNO'-'»^'-''-'00 i-i OOOrot-f^ OOMO coiMr--oi-'MHOO-+0000000^0 't ^NMwr^ mqn^ ^OOOOMvOOOOOOf^OCfO O w-, (MMt^o OQioO woiOOO^OOOioi-' O TtTj-MM-* OOC^W t^MOOOMOi-iO'w~/00r00io00000000t~-0 O lOOOO OwMOOO^Qi^OOOO'+OOOO'-' -t uo w O O O O CO O O CO M O O O O O O M O tyOOOO 00'-'"^0 -vO o o o o r^O-^i^OO'-'O'-oOOOOOOOi-iroi-i >O^Tl-00000<^OOOOMOOOiOM MNvO-i-wO"00000000'-OM<^i-i in-O oc/)-*o»-''-'r^OMOOt^O'-iOir^i-i OOOOOi-'MO'tOni-' OiNOOOOOO-^OiJ-Ji-i 0 0'*0<^0"^0>-iOi-iC o o o ro ro iJ-5 •+ O O O VOLOOOW OOfO'-i'-i O M fi o 00<^ OOO'-'O 00-+ OO'-i'-'O OOM oo/^cs '-':;::;:: . H M M .* H H . .* "HH ■i-* -J— i— i— l-+-f- CO 00 :::::::: vO vO • • '^ • -1— P)* . H M N . 2 2^ Tt M . C^ . . i 0 J +j 0 ^ fl • O'd-' ^ Cr^ 0 irv. ^• ^ ^ i^ s ^ HHH r 0 V •a 178 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The food differences of the three groups are interesting and sig- nificant. That of the smallest lot (too small, judging by the preced- ing study, to be selected by bullheads for food) was predominantly Entomostraca, especially Copepods, with a considerable propor- tion of midge larvae. The food of the second lot was predominantly small snails and midges, with an occasional abundance of Copepods. The food of the larger ones was predominantly May flies, and midge larvae and pupae, with a sprinkling of other insects. Indeed, the table understates the difference between the food of the three lots for the midge larvae eaten by the fishes of lot three were as a rule much smaller than those eaten by the larger fish. Notes on the constituents of the food. The beetles eaten were all adults. They were eaten only by the larger fish. There were but three of them, however ; a ground beetle by number 5 (and this may have fallen into the water by accident), and 2 Parnid beetles by fish number 2. Beetles of this latter family are very commonly found crawling about on the under surface of submerged logs or hiding in their crevices. They stick closely to the surface, their long legs widely outspread, and they hold fast with their huge grappling claws and are not easily dislodged. Only five larvae of caddis flies were eaten, and these appeared to have been separated from their cases, not swallowed in them as were those fed upon by the brook trout of Bone pond at Saranac Inn [see N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 68, p. 204]. No case construction material was found with them, but the larvae appeared to be such as usually construct their cases out of plant stems. They have been preserved for future determination. Midges on the contrary (family Chironomidae) formed a large percentage of the food of the sunfish of all sizes. The smaller larvae, however, were eaten by the smallest fish, as already noted, and the larger larvae and pupae, only by the larger ones. Every study of fish food hitherto made has emphasized the great eco- logical importance of this group. No May flies were eaten by the fish of lot three, but the larger fish had eaten them very freely — two of them (number 6 and 16) in great abundance. Number 2 had eaten a burrowing nymph of the genus Ephemera along with a dozen Caenis. All the others eaten by all the fishes were Caenis d i m i n u t a . This is the little white May fly already mentioned as swarming to our trap lantern when set on the hatchery pier. It is the most ephemeral of all Ephemera. It emerges from the water at nightfall, leaving REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1907 I/Q its nymphal skin floating on the surface, and, alighting on the first support that offers, sheds its skin again, and the subimago stage is ended. Then it flies for a Httle while, the males dancing up and down in a little swarm, as in other "species, and the females coming out to meet them. It probably lives in all but a few hours of adult life. I have frequently watched the swarming until it was entirely obscured by darkness. Specimens of this species emerging from the hatchery troughs at Saranac Inn deposited their eggs in little clusters of 200 to 300 upon the window panes. The nymphs of this little May fly abound wherever there are beds of waterweeds. They rest upon the silt covered bottom or cling to the stems of the plants. They cling closely and, being entirely covered with silt, are quite unobservable except when dis- lodged. Because they cling so closely they are not easily collected nor easily separated from the trash. That they exist in inconceiv- able vast numbers is demonstrated most readily by the use of a trap lantern. Our lanterns at the pier were sometimes almost choked with them and thousands besides were found upon the supporting post and upon the lantern itself outside ; and this con- dition of things has prevailed in every locality of the United States in which I have run a trap lantern over still water. I have no doubt that these very minute nymphs, too small for proper food for the larger fishes, are of very great importance to young fishes and to the smaller species. They are scarcely mentioned hitherto, however, in the literature of the fish food. Only two other insects were found ; a half grown nymph of a dragon fly of the genus Aeschna, that was eaten by fish number 3, and a water skater, by fish number 5. Of the crustaceans eaten, all were Entomostraca. But three were Ostracods, and these were eaten singly. Copepods were eaten abundantly by the smaller fishes of lot three, sparingly by those of larger size. I was unable to determine any of them. Apparently there were but few species. The great importance of Copepods as food for young fishes has been abundantly demonstrated hitherto through the labors of others. Nevertheless, the conditions that make for their abundance are scarcely at all understood. Cladocera were eaten as a rule very sparingly, only one fish (number 12) having eaten any great number; it had eaten almost exclusively a species of Bosmina. The others so sparingly eaten belonged to the genera Alona and Chydorus. l80 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Water mites of several species were eaten; but sparingly, as in- dicated in the table, and they formed no considerable part of the food total. Smaller snails one or two millimeters in diameter were eaten in large numbers by five of the fishes of intermediate size (fish number 7 of the first lot being the smallest of that lot). These were not certainly determinable since the delicate shell of these young snails is very quickly dissolved in the digestive secretions ; but they were certainly right-hand spires and apparently belonged to the genus Limnea. No other groups of animals were represented save Rotifera by a single smooth lorica found in fish number 13. Only one fish had eaten silt, and in all, but two bits of algae were eaten, both clearly recognizable as belonging to the genera Chara and Nitella. Food of the red-bellied minnow That there is much need of the further study of the food of the smaller species of fishes — those that furnish the supply of the larger and more important ones — has long been perfectly clear. Carnivorous forms can not live by eating each other indefinitely ; it is obviously important to locate the primary supply. The food of all organisms upon which fishes feed needs to be carefully studied. Of the smaller fishes of Old Forge pond the red-bellied minnow was most in evidence; its habits, however, have already been mentioned. The food of 12 specimens of this species taken near the hatchery pier along with the bullheads and sunfish already discussed, was carefully examined with the microscope. The food constituents were tabulated as far as tabulating was possible, but since it subsists almost wholly on vegetable materials, green algae, and disintegrating fragments of aquatic seed plants, accurate numerical statement was impossible. The results of this examina- tion are therefore given broadly as follows : Of the 12 minnows examined all had eaten both green algae and dead waterweeds, and in but two of them could I discover the re- mains of any animal whatever (fragment of the nymph of the genus Caenis in one, and half of a small midge larvae in another). All but one had eaten Spirogyra and five had eaten it in great abundance. The only other algae eaten abundantly was an undetermined spher- ical gelatinous tetrasporoid form which was recognized in five cases and was abundant in two of them. There was more or less unrecognizable silt in every case, and scattered through this were REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 181 Diatoms in a considerable variety, filaments of Cyanophyceae and Desmids (among which the genera Closterium and Desmidium were recognized). All of these occurred sparingly and may very well have been taken along with the disintegrating stems and leaves of the higher plants. This last mentioned material was in four cases a mass of leaf fragments of a slender species of river weed (Potamogeton) and in three other cases it contained (once in excess) remains of the petiole of the yellow water lily ( N y m phaea ad vena). These were recognizable by the well preserved internal hairs from the walls of the air chambers. Such food stuff was, of course, very abundant in this place. There may have been a good many other plants present, indeed I have no doubt there were some others ; for a form of tracheids quite unknown to me, derived from the vas- cular bundles of some other seed plant, occurred three times. These were the predominating elements of the food, however; they show that at this time and place Chrosomus was a vegetable feeder. Apparently this singularly beautiful and hardy little fish is one that can be introduced safely into private ponds. I hasten to place beside the foregoing, the results of a more ex- tensive study of the food of this fish, made in quite a different situation, and so different in kind that they will teach the neces- sity of great care in reaching conclusions as to what fishes eat. A former pupil of mine, Mr Warren H. Ferguson, studied the food and feeding habits of Chrosomus in Pettibone creek, near North Chicago, 111., in 1904. The place has since become the site of the United States Naval training station of the Great Lakes. The creek was then a beautiful little stream flowing through fine oak woods with here and there a deep shadowy pool and with inter- vening stretches of flowing water. It was one of my favorite collecting grounds when I lived at Lake Forest, 6 miles distant. A few other fishes live in the stream; the horned dace, a little stickleback, several darters, and very small suckers, but none were so abundant as Chrosomus; and only the darters that live in the rififles were as constantly to be found in a given place. The forage offered by this creek was very different indeed from that of Old Forge pond. Here there were no standing aquatics and no unattached filamentous algae. Rocks and sticks exposed in the riffies were draped witli two beautiful sessile algae (Dra- pernaldia plumosa and a species of Cladophora) . The out- let of every pool was choked, and every obstruction was covered l82 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM with a mass of dead forest tree leaves. Among these leaves, where submerged, dwelt an abundance of amphipods. In these leaf drifts too, especially after every freshet were to be found many earthworms, disloflged from the banks l)y the undercutting of the current, and stranded here. The plankton of the pools was not rich, but it contained a goodly proportion of Entomostraca chiefly salmon-tinted Diaptomus and a considerable variety (though a small proportion) of Rotifers, and a few Heliozoans, and a few Peridinia and other flagellates, many Diatoms of a few species, and a variable proportion of small midge larvae. The bottom and sides of the pool sheltered midge larvae, and JNIay fly nymphs of the genus Leptophlebia. Besides the red-bellied minnow, the only other important competitors for the scanty food the pools offered were the horned dace, and large dragon fly nymphs of the bottom belonging to the genus Cordu- legaster [sec account of these in Entomological News, 16:3-6]. The minnows lived in the pools, playing out on the shoals in little resplendent groups when the coast was clear, and retreating to the deep places and to the shelter of undercut banks when danger appeared. Mr Ferguson studied them here through A]M-il, May and the first part of June. He made six collections of the minnows for food examination of stomach contents and prepared the following table. The things eaten are indicated by numbers in this table when individuals could be certainly counted. When they could not the occurrence of their remains is indicated in the table by a *. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 183 .vo-:v *** * ****** * * * • * * * ****** iTlS *** ********* * * * • * * * ****** SWHOMHXyVH ; spoduidiuv S : : : : : :::::::!;;; i ; : : : ; 0 1 P 1 B0i3j;souioiua ■ ■* * * spiuiouojiqQ ... aBdnd spiuiouoaiii3 aBAj^i s[j!LUOuoa!ti3 ^ ^ siuy " sqdiuAU Ay AiJ^ sauasa 1 w m M M ro ■+ lOO r~-00 O^ 0 M M ro -t ^-njD t--oO C^ 0 w M ro •* »o M M r^ r^ r^ v. v^ to, 'Ss jtadv 'I ;oT i84 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM SlMaOAVHiHVa ******* spcdiqduiy •BOEj^somojug s;inp-B spTmouoaiq3 SBcind spiujouojiq3 3I3AJ^[ sp|uiouoaiq3 ******** sqdiuXu A\} A-eyi t'o. 'I abj\i 'n lo-i PO^ '3 I A-B]^ 'III ^O'J REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 185 * •** ••••******* ••*» * . lO fO w ro* * •*** •** ••** •«.•••**•** * •* ■ • •* * ^^N 'III loq to, 'le i{Bj\[ '^i 'iO'j t-o^ "1 9unj" t'O, '9 9unf i86 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM avoTV * • • • • ills • * • * SKaomHiHva * * • •* < spodiqdiuv •* • • • ; •BOBJisomo^ug 2 Siinpv * • • * 9Bdnd spiuiouojiq3 • * • • 9T3AaB[ spxiuouojiq^ s^uy sqdiuAu Ay Abi\[ sapaaa NUMBER 00 O O M N CO CO O On C^ t'o, '9 aunf *IA ^OT REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 187 The following is Mr Ferguson's summary of his results: The table shows at a glance that prac- tically all the food of lot i consisted of silt and algae. The explanation for this is that other food, such as midges and worrns was scarce so early in the year. Spring rains had not yet brought down the earthworms. About half of the food of lot 2 was silt and algae, while the other half was pupae and adult midges. In only three of the fish was it possible to say how many midges they contained, hence the stars in the table. Onlv three out of 16 fishes of lot 3 contained midges, while all but four contained earthworms and half of them contained a large amount of silt. Lot 4 shows a large number of adult midges of the genus Chironomus (apparently most of them of the species of which the ap- pendages are shown in figure 4.0) and many earthworms. And one of them contained a single large mass of Chiro- nomus eggs — the only instance in which these were found. Lot ^ shows one adult Chironomus, and earthworms and silt predominate again in lot 6. Out of q2 stomachs examined. 38 (41' per cent) contained midges in one stage or another, 27 (2q per cent) contained earthworms, 6 contained beetles, — all adult beetles of nonaquatic habits. Three contained Entomostracans. two contained ants, and only i contained a May flv nymph. This clearly proyes that Chironomus was by far the most important food. After discovering the importance of midge larvae in the fo-od of this minnow, Mr Ferguson began a feeding experiment to deter- mine how many such larvae could be disposed of by the fish as a regular diet. He divided. the tank of an aquarium table into two compartments, placing two full-grown Chrosomus in one of them and three others about half as large in the other. A piece of board was kept floating on the surface of each to furnish congenial shadow, and the white enamel bottom of the tank was kept clean so that uneaten food could be found. Midge larvae (nearly all those of Chironomus viridicollis, Fig. 4 The mir'ge most com- monly eaten by Chrosomus in Pettibone creek, a caudal ap- pendcges of the adult male, dor- sal view, b one half of tip of abdomen of the pupa, y one half of the caudal fin, and z its fringe l88 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM averaging perhaps two thirds grown) were thrown into the tank twice daily in sufficient numbers so that each day a few remained over, uneaten. They were simply thrown on the bottom where they were snapped up promptly so long as the fish were hungry. The number disposed of during the preceding interval was recorded at each feeding. The average number eaten by the half grown Chrosomus was ii per day, by the full grown ones, 25 larvae per day. The largest number was dis- posed of at the first feeding, but the figures were maintained fairly uniform after the third day; evidently these larvae are choice food for Chrosomus. The experiment was abandoned after 22 days because of the great difficulty found in supplying sufficient Chironomus larvae. That the adult midges are quite as attractive food for Chroso- mus as are the larvae is indicated by the following field observa- tions made by Mr Ferguson : It is very interesting to watch the fish feeding. The midges hovering over the water seem to attract them most. Usually the minnows are satisfied to wait till the midges touch the surface of the Vv-ater, but quite often they spring several inches out of the water to catch them. NEW DATA CONCERNING MAY FLIES AND DRAGON FLIES OF NEW YORK May flies (EpJiemerJdac) Under this heading will be included a brief account of the May fly fauna of Old Forge, and descriptions of a few new forms col- lected by Dr C. Bctten at Bufifalo and vicinity in the summer of 1906. At Old Forge, May flies were abundant, and no place in which I have ever collected better exemplifies the need of different methods, and of collecting from different types, of situation, and at different hours of the day. if one would really know the May fly fauna. There was a very familiar group of species (Siphlurus, Epheremella, Heptagenia etc.) that settled upon the outside of the hatchery and that could be found anywhere about the banks of Old Forge pond where shelter and good resting places offered. .Then there were some others (Caenis, Chloeon) that were only to be found at night at the time of their emergence from the water. A few, like Leptophlcbia, Chlcroterpes and Baetis could be found on still afternoons swarming in great companies in the hollows of the wood, especially over little pools or in their vicinity, and there REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 189 was one (Ephemerella dorothea) that was only to be obtained by rearing it from the nymph, it being very secretive as to its adult habits. I collected chiefly by hand from the hatchery walls, by trap lanterns at Old Forge pond and on Moose river, and by sweeping nets along the banks of Beaver Meadow brook, and along the Adirondack League Club road to Little Moose lake. Li a breed- ing cage maintained in a hatchery trough by my window, I reared a considerable number of May fly nymphs, verifying the breedings of former years, and adding a few new life h'stcries, that will be given in the following pages : Siphlurus alternatus. This species was common in trashy places in the borders of the ponds. I found the nymphs abundant in Bald Mountain pond. Adults were taken hovering at First lake on June 24th in mid afternoon. They settled in hundreds on the outside of the hatchery and coul 1 be taken constantly through June and July. Blasturus cupidus. But few specimens of this elsewhere common species were seen. One was taken on the hatchery the first of July and several on piers about Old Forge pond in the latter part of June. Leptophlebia mollis. This was another very common species. The nymph lived in slow-flowing clear streams, perhaps in other places as well, for I found the adults everywhere. A few at the hatchery; swarms of them on the Mountain Lodge " carry "' opposite Dog Island in First lake, where they were flying underneath a high canopy of birch boughs, rising and falling in rapid succession through a distance of 25 feet, scarcely descending within 50 feet of the ground. I found them in Beaver Mea'low brook, both in the meadow itself, and in the rocky part of the stream, at the fish ponds where four of them emerged within my tent trap. Nymphs taken from the stream at this place were reared in the hatchery on the sixth of August. Callibaetis hageni. This species was common at the hatchery inside as well as outside, and during the latter part of July and the whole of August, subimagos could be collected in the hatchery win- dows. Adults could be picked up from the piers about the border of Old Forge pond. These specimens aD^eared to differ in no respect whatever from others obtained from the type locality in California. Baetis posticatus. This delicate little May fly was to be found in the same situations with Leptophlebia. It was abundant 190 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM through July and August. It emerge 1 in considerable numbers, as shown by the preceding table, from my tent trap, 6 square feet of the bottom of Beaver Aleadow brook, yielding 271 specimens in a single month. This is the species previously mentioned as giving such a beautiful example of the May fly dance under the birch trees at the crossing of the Beaver Meadow brook by the Adiron- dack League Club road. Chloecn mendax and C. vicinum. These two delicate little May flies (and a third apparently undescribed) were obtained with a trap lantern near the foot of First lake just after nightfall. Dr Betten and I rowe 1 up to First lake on several evenings that bid fair to furnish good trap lantern collecting, .and just at nightfall before the chill that is characteristic of the Adirondack evening had settled down, a few of these specimens came to light to reward our effort. Later in the evening no more could be obtained, but we had reason to believe that they were not uncommon at that place. Ephemerella dorothea n. sp. This species lives in Beaver Meadow brook, amid the soil gathering moss that covers the stones there, as described in the account of our tent trap. Adults were obtained only by rearing them, and this notwithstanding their abund- ance, as evidenced by the abundance of their nymphs at that place. We did much collecting along the banks of that brook, sweeping the vegetation with nets, all up and down it. and not a single adult specimen was encountered. It was the sort of May fly easily to be overlooked, not alone on account of its habits, but also because of its general appearance. The best specimens that I have obtained of these are when fully mature, exceedingly fragile and have very little color. They look at first glance much like poor specimens of some of the stronger species. I append a description of both mTnphal and adult stages. Imago. Length, 5 to 6 mm; expanse, 15 to 18 mm; setae of the female, 8 mm; of the male, 8 to 9 mm; first femur of male, 7 mm; of the female, 4^ mm; a small yellowish species, pale even when fully mature, somewhat darker on the dorsum of the head and the abdomen, with hyaline iridescent wings, and pale yellowish white legs; infuscated only on the tips of the tarsi. Caudal setae white; forceps of the male, stout, the long seconl segment regularly tapering to near the apex, there suddenly internally dilated in a rounded knob. The first and third joints of the male forceps are of about equal length, each being about Ys of the length of the second joint, terminal joint subspherical. The ninth sternite of the female is produced in a broadly truncated lobe which projects posteriorly to the level of the posterior apex. The foretarsus of REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 I9I the female has the second joint about equal to the third in length, and longer than the fourth which in turn about equals the fifth, and is about Ys oi the length of the second. The basal joint (fused with the tibia) is about j4 as long as the second joint; tarsus and tibia are about equal length. The foretarsus of the male is longer than the tibia, and its third joint is longer than the second wdiich about equals the fourth, and is twice the length of the fifth. The wings are wholly hyaline (dull hyaline in the subimago) with weak cross veins. There are no accessory sectors in the median fork, but there are two behind the bisector of the cubital fork and the vein Cuo is more or less detached. Nymph. Length, 7 mm, with setae 4 mm ; antennae, 2 mm. This nymph is less depressed in form than others of the genus. Its colors are bronzy green and brownish, paler below and on all appendages, and sprinkled all over the dorsum with very fine pale dots or granulations. There is a pale line across the top of the head in front, and there is a pale dot on each of the fore angles of the prothorax, and another between the inner basal angles of the wing cases ; antennae, pale, except the basal segment. The body is widest on the mesothorax ; the abdomen about as long as head and thorax together ; the prothorax is wider than the head. Its sides are incurved anteriorly where they end in obtuse angles that project forward behind the eyes ; the fore femur is much stouter than are the other femora, and darker in color externally ; all the claws are strongly curved, and each is armed beneath with a comb of eight or nine pointed teeth. The abdomen is depressed, it lacks the double row of dorsal tubercles that is characteristic of other members of this genus. In outline it is ovate, widest on middle segment, and it tapers more or less abruptly from the eighth to the posterior end. Segments 8 and 9 terminate laterally in flat triangular spines. Gills are present on segments 3 and 7, and diminish regularly in size from the front backward. The inferior respiratory lamina of each is bifid, and its divisions are fimbriate-lamelliform. The covering lamellae on each of segments 2 to 6 overlaps only very slightly the base of the one immediately behind it. That of the 7th segment, however, is of small size and is wholly covered. The middle seta is longest, and all three setae are clothed basally with minute spines and bear long hairs in the middle portion, and are bare and darker colored at the tips. This is the most generalized nymph yet made known in the Ephemerella group of May flies. None of its gill covers are wholly elytroid. It has no dorsal abdominal liooks. The thorax is high, almost compressed, and the abdomen is only moderately depressed. I name this species in honor of little Miss Dorothy Burke, who played beside the delightful streamlet wherein I found it. 192 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Caenis diminuta. This little white dusk-flyer abounds in every submerged weed patch, its close clinging, flat-bodied, silt- covered nymphs adhering closely to the fallen stems among which they clamber. It has already been mentioned in the preceding pages as swarming into our trap lanterns, as being found in the hatchery windows after emergence from the ,fish troughs, and as constitut- ing a very considerable portion of the food of young sunfishes. It was abundant throughout July and August. Tricorythus allectus. Since I described this species from Ithaca in 1905 [N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 86, p. 47] as Caenis a 1 1 e c t a , I have concluded that it should more properly be re- ferred to the genus Tricorythus.^ Since that date I have found it abundant in two new localities, at Watertown, Massachusetts, in the summer of 1906, where spiders' webs on the bridges across the Charles river were draped with innumerable tangled specimens, and at Moose river, behind the hatchery at Old Forge. One of its favorite swarming places was the open area above the pole bridge shown in the middle of the photograph reproduced in plate i. Here it swarmed at midday filling the air like snowflakes, with dragon flies, and robber flies lurking around the edges of the swarm, capturing as many specimens as they could eat. Choroterpes basalis. This pretty red brown species I ob- served several times in small companies swarming about the balsam firs on Wintergreen point in August. Habrophlebia vibrans n. sp. This delicate little reddish brown species I captured by hundreds near the outlet of Bald Mountain pond, where the brook crosses the road and begins its descent among the fern clad boulders. White winged companies of them were dancing up and down under the birch canopies, the lowest of them within reach of my net. I have been unable to determine from Bank's description and figure of H. americana [Ent. News. 1903,, II :235], what relation this species may bear to that one from New Jersey. The nymph of that one as described by Berry (Aiiicr. Nat. 37:27-29, 1903) does not belong to this genus at all: it is a typical Leptophlebia. I present herewith a figure of the venation [pi. 10, fig. i] and of the appendages of the male, and add the following further characterization of the male imago, the onlv form found : ^Sec also Cockerel] & Gill. Tricorythus, a genus of MayAies. Univ. of Col. Studies 3:135-37. A paper that has appeared since the above was written. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 I93 Length, 4.5 to 5 mm ; setae about as long, or the middle one slightly longer. Foreleg, 6 mm; expanse of wings, 10 mm. Color clear brown ; paler beneath, with the eyes blackish in- feriorly. Wings hyaline, except the extreme base, which is of an amber tint. Legs white except the fore femur which is brown, and a pale brown spot at the apex of the foretibia. Forseps be3^ond the base, and setae white, the latter with a few of the basal articu- lations narrowly annulate with brown. Abdomen transparent, whitish ventrally and to a less extent dorsally on the middle seg- ments, the sides of the dorsum being tinged with brownish purple. Many specimens, all males, taken swarming July i, 1905. Heptagenia pulchella. This species was common here, as at Saranac Inn, and my collection of it shows a number of dates running through July and August. Heptagenia interpunctata. This species was taken by our trap lanterns from Moose river on the west side of the town, and a number of adults were taken from the hatchery walls. Ephemera varia. Only a few specimens were seen, and these were taken by trap lantern from Moose river back of the town. Potamanthus diaphanus n.sp. Under this name I describe an interesting species collected by Dr Betten at Squa.w Island in the Niagara river near Buffalo on the 24th of July, 1906. Length, 8-10 mm ; expanse, 20 mm ; setae of the male, 18-20 mm; fore leg, 13 mm; body and wings pale yellowish white, hardly darker on the top of the head and thorax but with a satiny sheen on the thorax and on tip of abdomen ; tips of femora, tarsi and tibia very faintly infuscated, a subapical inferior spot on the fore- tibia being more distinct; setae, white, with the incisures scarcely darker ; forceps white ; eyes and ocelli, black ; forceps of the male, regularly arcuate ; basal segm.ent twice as long as the two terminal ones together and rugose within : inner appendages united almost to the tip, half as long as forceps, with a W-shaped apical outline. The lateral margins are contracted in the middle and narrower, with parallel sides, in the basal half [see pi. 10, fig. 5]. A'ynipli. Measures 13 mm in length; setae 4 mm additional; antennae i mm long, their tips hardly surpassing the prongs of mandible, which unlike those of other species of the genus hitherto described, are longer than the head. Each prong is contracted just beyond the base and terminates in a straight, bare, brown point. Body elongate ; little depressed ; orothorax wider than the head, with broadly rounded, flaring lateral margins ; fore legs longer than the others ; the tibia much longer than the femur, beset with long hairs internally, and bearing a stout, straight apical spur, almost half as long as the tarsus ; middle legs shorter and more slender than the hind legs ; abdomen regularly tapering posteriorly ; gills rudimentary on the first segment, almost equal on segments 2 to 6, 7 194 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM deeply bifid, with the two divisions deeply fimbriate ; setae, short, densely bearded, both sides of the middle portion bare at the ends, and paler toward the tips; there is a middorsal pale line along the abdomen and there are two rows of spots each side which sometimes become confluent. Dr Betten's observations concerning the habits of this species are as follows : Returning on the boat from Buffalo I happened to look up, and saw a swarm about 20 feet above the water. I was able to take a few, but most of them were out of reach from the upper deck. It was too dark for me to see the manner of their flight. I re- turned next evening for further observation, but a strong wind pre- vented. I found the cast skins, however, belonging to this species floating upon the water, and drifting upon the shore. It is rather surprising that this interesting species, so common in a place much frequented by collectors, has escaped observation hitherto. (?) Choroterpes betteni n. sp. Under this name I describe another May fly collected at Hamburg, N. Y., on the first of July by Dr Betten, in whose honor I name it. Its reference to this genus is a doubtful one. Length, 5 to 6 mm; expanse, 10 to 11 mm; setae of the male, 5 to 6 mm and of the female 4^/2 to 5 mm; color nearly uniform, dark reddish l^rown, slightly paler on the middle abdominal seg- ments in the male ; wings hyaline ; veins, pale brown ; legs, yellowish brown ; hind femur with two darker bands ; forefemur of the male wholly dark ; setae pale yellowish with brown joinings, three in number, equal ; forceps of the male, pale brownish, darker beneath, with one very long basal, and two very short apical segments [see pi. 10, figs. 7 and 8]. The most remarkable thing about this species, a thing apparently quite unique among May flies, is that the female possesses a sort of rudimentary ovipositor. This is formed by a backward prolonga- tion of the sternum of 7th segment combined with a downgrown horny process from the sternum of the 8th [pi. 10, fig. 6]. The sternum of the 9th segment is prolonged in two separate obtuse triani^ular lobes far beyond the apex of the loth segment fpl. 10. fig. 6a]. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 I95 Dragon flies at Old Forge (Odoiiata) As already remarked, the dragon fly fauna of Old Forge is less abundant than that of Saranac Inn. It possesses a number of interesting species, however. Hagenius brevistylus. This big dragon fly was frequently to be seen on Moose river, by the hatchery, resting upon the pole bridge [shown on pi. i] or upon boulders in the stream, or flying swiftly overhead in the pursuit of prey. Repeatedly I saw one sweep through the air, and capture another big species, an unde- termined Gomphus, and fly with it struggling to the tree tops. A moment after it had alighted there, a gomphus wing would come floating down, and then three others, following. Gomphus sp. (?) This is a species just noted as being captured by Hagenius. But, though Hagenius could capture it with apparent ease, I could not at all. I tried repeatedly, and stalked specimens with the utmost care as they rested on boulders in the edge of the stream, and once I came so near that I knocked a specimen into the water, but, notwithstanding all my efforts, I did not catch a single specimen, and so the species remains undetermined. It was a big olive-green species with the aspect ofG. villosipes. Gomphus spicatus. Cast skins of this species were sticking to the piers about Old Forge pond on June 20th, and a single live nymph was taken from the mud with the sieve net. Nu- merous species were seen along the road to Bald Mountain pond on the 2d of July. Gomphus ventricosus. I was delighted to be able to capture at the road crossing Beaver Meadow brook the only specimen that I have ever seen alive. It was darting in and out among the shrubbery, apparently chasing midges, when I succeeded in landing it in my net. This was the first record of its occurrence within New York State. I searched diligently all about the brook for nymphs and for cast skins, but did not find any. Dromogomphus spinosus. Several specimens of this hand- some species were seen resting on the elder bushes by the road near Old Forge pond. Cordulegaster sp. (?) Young nymphs were found in Bald ]\Iountain pond on July 2d, and in Beaver Meadow brook on June 2ist, but no adults belonging to this genus were observed durinsf the season. 196 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Aeschna sp. ( ?) Nymphs of Aeschna have already been noted as occurring in the food of bullheads and sunfish in Old Forge pond. They were quite common in Bald Mountain pond and in Lily pond, and about every pond near Old Forge adults could be. seen coursing on swift strong wing all day long the summer through. Anax Junius. This species, so abundant through other parts of the State, is not common in the Adirondacks. Two nymphs were taken in Beaver Meadow brook on June 30th; no adults were seen. Bcyeria vinosa. A single young nymph of this species was taken in Moose river on the 9th of July. A few adults were seen later coursing over the stream. Didymops transversa. Among the larger species coursing about the borders of Old Forge pond, this one was conspicuous. It was common through the latter part of June, and a number of cast skins were seen sticking to the bushes along the bank. Helocordulia uhleri. This species frequented waters where the banks were fringed with sphagnum. It was seen in a few places up the channel from Old Forge pond, but not at the pond itself, and it was not uncommon at the Twin ponds and at Bald Mountain pond. Tetragcneuria cynosura. This species was fairly common about Old Forge pond, where scattering cast skins could be found along the shore, but there was no abundance of it to be at all compared to the condition described at Saranac Inn in Bulletin 47 of this museum. Cordulia shurtleffi. This handsome bronzy green species is another denizen of sphagnum bordered waters, and was com- mon at Twin ponds and at Bald Mountain pond. Lribellula basalis. This species is rare in the Adirondacks, one or two specimens were seen, but not captured ; nevertheless, there is no doubt about the determination. Libellula pulchella. Common about every pond and com- monly found foraging along the roadside at considerable dis- tances from water. Plathemis trimaculata. Another pond-loving species associ- ated with the preceding. Leucorhinia glacialis. This species was found only at the Lily pond, anil only a few specimens were seen. Leucorhinia frigida. This species was likewise found only at Lily pond, but it was common there, and moreover it was REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 I97 transforming in some numbers. There I obtained specimens in transformation, furnishing me a new life history; the descrip- tion of the nymph follows : Length, 17mm; abdomen, 9 mm; hind femur, 5 mm; width of head, 5mm ; of abdomen, 6 mm ; body rather smooth, mod- erately- depressed, greenish brown obscurely mottled above, paler beneath with a conspicuous banding on the under surface of the abdomen: there are three broad brown bands, one median, and two lateral (adjoining the ventral sutures), obsolescent anteriorly and more or less confluent posteriorly. Abdomen with no dorsal hooks at all (and therein differing markedly from all the other species of the genus hitherto made known) ^; short, stout, straight lateral spines on segments 8 and 9 ; those of 9 longer than the segment, and twice as long as those of 8; inferior appendages with very slender tips slightly incurved. Superior appendage slightly shorter, and laterals one third as long as the inferiors; there is a fringe of slender hairs along the sides of the 9th segment, and across its apex beneath. The labium has 10 lateral setae, the two basal ones being smaller than the others, and 12 mental setae, the outer seven longer than the others. Calopteryx maculata and C. aequabilis. A few specimens of both these species hovered about the mouths of the inflowing streams of Moose river below the hatchery. They were about equally common. Lestes vigilax. This species was found associated with Leucorhinia frigid a in the Lily pond, and like it, was transforming abundantly. From material obtained there on June 30th, and other material obtained at Bald Mountain pond on July 2d, the following description of the nymph is drawn : The nymph is of the excessively elongate form characteristic of this genus and described for the group on page 231 of Bulle- tin 68. Length 26 mm and gills 10 mm additional'. The color is greenish brown, there is an obscure band of brown on each femur and there are three such bands across the gill plates, ^ In the key .to nymphs of Libellulinae given on pages 508-9 of N. Y. State Museum Bulletin 47, Sympetrum and Leucorhinia are separated on char- acters found in relative length of dorsal abdominal hooks; and by the key this species would be traced to Sympetrum: at the time that key was pre- pared, only Sympetra were known to lack "dorsal hooks. A new distinc- tion will, therefore, have to be found between these genera. The species now known as nymphs may be separated by the number of raptorial setae on the lateral lobe of the labium; these are in the three species of Leucor- hinia lo-ii, in all our common lesser Sympetra they are Q; in the aberrant S . c u r r u p t u m they are 13. 198 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM confluent along the gill axis. This species has five setae on each side of the mentum of the labium, and appears to be dis- tinguished from the others hitherto described chiefly by the possession of a spine on the lateral margin of abdominal seg- ment 3. The lateral spines in this species occur on segments 3 to 9: in the other species on segments 4 and 5 to 9. The damsel flies of the following list were also collected sporadically during the summer and all of them were appar- ently common and widespread : Argia violacea,Enal- 1 a g m a e x s u 1 a n s , E n a 1 1 a g m a h a g e n i , N e h a 1 - lennia irene, Ischnura verticalis. Contribution to the morphology of the Odonata Three years ago I suggested to Mr O. S. Thompson, who was then a student in my laboratory, that he investigate the homologies of the male abdominal appendages of the Odon- -■ata. There was then much confusion existing concerning the terminal appendages, and no extensive comparisons of those of the second segment had been attempted, the fragmentary studies of Ratzeburg, Ingenitzky and Goddard being in the nature of preliminary examination of a few forms. We have not known whether homologies are traceable through the two suborders. These parts being used more and more as a guide to relationships in the lesser groups, and as criteria of species, it seemed important that their nature should be better understood. Mr Thompson's work was done in 1904, but the final preparation of his paper has been delayed by various causes until the present time. Meanwhile, the terminal append- ages have been carefully studied and fully reported upon by Drs Heymons and Handlirsch. The results of Mr Thompson's work upon the other abdominal appendages, those of the sec- ond segment, and adjacent thereto, are given at the end of this article. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 199 CRANE FLIES Family XIF-CILIDAE Order DIPXERA The crane flies constitute a large group of two winged flies that is of great interest to the student of the genetic relation- ships of the Diptera because of its rather generalized form Fig. 5 Tipula abdominalis Say i nat.size. (Reprint from N.Y. State Mus. Bui. 47) and structure. It is of interest to the student of natural history also, because of the remarkable diversity of structure Kip;N, ^> Fig. 6 Larva of Tipula ab-^lominalis Say. (Reprint from N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 47) and habits of the larvae. The group is largely represented within our borders, and during two past field seasons I have NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM been gathering specimens whenever I had opportunity, and studying Hfe histories whenever other more insistent work would allow. In previous reports I have published more or less complete life histories of a number of crane flies with descriptions and figures of the imma- ture stages. I wish to add at the present time the description of another larva, and of two new species, a preliminary list of the species of New York State, a key to our genera, and a study of the wing venation of the family. Crane flies are doubtless familiar to everyone, although, perhaps, to some, under other names. Figure 5 illustrates the form of the more familiar species of the field and meadow. " Daddy longlegs " they are called by some, but this name is applied indiscriminately to almost any other long legged insect. " Gallinippers " is perhaps a local name, heard more commonly westward than within this State. Time wa?3 (and that recently too) when marvelous tales of the biting powers of bottom land mosquitos were proved by reference to the size of the *■ gallinippers " that could be pointed out in the infested districts ; but that was before the recent awakening in the study of mosquitos had made everybody able to distinguish them from crane flies. The smaller crane flies are, indeed, mos- quitolike in form, but easily distinguished by their structure. Certain adult crane flies are provided with a long beak but it is apparently not used for biting. None are harmful to man in the adult stage. Economic importance. As larvae a consider- able proportion of the group lives in the water ; many live in wet soil and mud ; some live in meadows and pastures ; and a few live in wood. It is in the two last named groups that are found the species that are injurious to man's interests. The larvae of the meadow inhabiting species are known as " leather jackets " or " meadow maggots." They bur- row in the soil and destroy the roots of grasses, and when they ^.^=;^i*=^^. F g. 7 Pupae of T i p- ulaflavicans. (Re- print from N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 68) REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ 201 become abundant, they may be very destructive. The following are the more important papers dealing with the injurious species : 1892 Webster, F. M. Craneflies: Leather Jackets. O. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 46, p. 238-47. (Fig. of egg, larva and pupa and adult T i p u 1 a b i c o r n i s and of adult P a c h y r i n a sp. ?) — Methods of Oviposition in Tipulidae. O. Agr. 1803 1896 1898 1899 1 90 1 Exp. Sta. Tech. Ser. 1:151-54, pi. i, fig. 4-7, pi. 2, fig. i, 2 Hopkins, A. D. & Rumsey, W. E. The Meadow Maggots. W. Va. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bui. 44, p. 258 Bruner, L. Craneflies Attacking Clover. Neb. State Bd Agr. Rep't of Entomol. p. 256-57. (Discusses habits and Temedies) Evirert Paper in Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkrank. 9:328-2329. (Reviewed in Exp. Sta. Record, 11:1066) Fuchs, F. Ueber einige neue Forstschadliche Tipulidenarten. (Summary in Centralbl. Bakter. Abt. IL 6:573) It appears from the foregoing American papers that the in- jury from crane fly larvae in meadows is easiest controlled by rotation of crops. Figure 6 is the larvae of a mud inhabiting species ; those that dwell in moist soil are, as a rule, similar in form, with less of color pattern and with much shorter appendages about Fig. 8 Crane fly larvae: alarva of P e di ci a albivitta; & head from below; c caudal end from above of the same; d ventral view of end of abdomen of larva of Epiphragma fascipennis. showing protruded rectal gills; e larva ofRaphidolabis tenuipes the end of the body. The pupae [fig. 7] are formed in the end of the larval burrow, the head end usually projecting up- ward near the surface of the soil. On plates 31 and 32 are shown the stages of development in a species that lives under the wet bark of trees and rotting logs [repeated from N; Y. State 202 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Mus. Bul. 68, where first published], and figure 8a herewith shows the form and structure of the larva of a species that lives in the water of spring brooks [also copied from the above mentioned bulletin]. Crane flies are much neglected by collectors of insects, for at best they do not make a very attractive collection, and good specimens are obtained only with more than the usual care that is bestowed upon them. At their worst they are an unsightly assortment of mostly legless fragments. Their legs break oflf very easily, and rough handling will surely lose them. But if specimens are taken in a net with reasonable care, killed in a cyanide bottle without handling, and pinned soon after killing, there will be little difficulty in getting specimens with six legs. It will not do to leave them lying around in the cyanide bottle ; for the legs soon become detachable with the slightest touch. If specimens are to be spread, the spreading should be done on a flat board drilled with small holes, and the flies spread in inverted position with the pin heads stuck down the holes. ^ Thus placed, both wings and legs are easily arranged in any position desired. My own collecting of crane flies has been done chiefly about water and with the aid of a trap lantern. I have obtained thus mainly the smaller and less conspicuous species, nearly all of which belong to the subfamily Limnobiinae. I have found few new species, and of these I have described only those I wished to refer to by name in the venation study which follows. I have been on the lookout especially for such as would show new venational peculiarities or variations. The fewness of the new forms encountered is evidence of the thoroughness of the collecting done by Baron Osten Sacken on his visits to West Point, Saratoga and Trenton Falls, while he was in the diplomatic service at Washington. Trenton Falls especially yielded him a large number of new species. Old Forge lies near Trenton Falls, and furnishes kindred habi- tats, and I was much pleased while collecting there to be able to pick up most of Osten Sacken's species. In the following list are included the names of 104 species of crane flies nearly all of which have now been recorded from the State. The list is of course very incomplete, and it is hoped ^ See my article, "A Simplified Spreading Board " in Psyche. 1902. 9 :427-28. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 203 that the key and the figures will facilitate the collection and identi- fication of much new material in this neglected group. I have found the material accumulated in the course of the station work of the past two seasons sufficient in amount and variety, and in the range of forms brought together to serve for the basis of a study I have long wished to make of the venation of the crane flies. These are generally recognized as being among the most primitive of the Diptera, and among the more generalized of the families that seemed likely, on account of the great number of their members and conse- quent variety of interrelated forms, to ofl:'er materials for the solution of some pressing problems in taxonomy. That among the Tipulidae might be found the key to the solution of some of the remaining problems of venation has seemed altogether probable. Preliminary list of New York crane flies The following list is based on the collections accumulated during the course of the summers of 1905 and 1907 (mainly by trap lantern), the published records (chiefly taken from Aldrich's Catalogue of North America Diptera) and data avail- able in the Cornell University collection. For the conven- ience of the user, I follow the order of arrangement of the above mentioned catalogue, although, as stated elsewhere I believe the natural order of arrangement of the group is therein frequently inverted. 1 G e r a n o m y i a canadensis Westw. A few speci- mens were taken in trap lanterns at Old Forge during August. Specimens from Manlius, N. Y. August 20, and from Ithaca (July 14-16) are in the Cornell University collection. This species hovers about wet timbers on the edge of streams or on wave beaten shores. 2 Rhipidia fidelis O. S. This species was described by Osten Sacken from specimens obtained from Sharon Springs, N. Y. I have not seen it. 3 Rhipidia maculata Meigen. This pretty species I encountered at Old Forge in two very different situations. A little company of males I observed hovering about the trunk of a tall beech tree in the yard of the cottage in which I lived (Camp Sakheywey). The trunk was partially moss covered, and stood on the edge of the forest, and just before 204 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM nightfall on several evenings in succession I saw a group of six or eight males of this species spinning slowly around the trunk in zigzag course, rising and falling, but never depart- ing more than a few inches from the bark, nor rising as high as the spreading branches above. By climbing a pole that leaned against the trunk, and swinging a net above me I was able to capture a few specimens. The other situation in which I found this species was in my water tent trap [see preceding chapter]. Here were both males and females, doubtless re- cently emerged from the bed of the brook; or, possibly from the scanty layer of moss that was exposed on some of the stones in the brook. This is a very different habitat from that reported from the European species of the genus — excre- ment, or decaying matter [Wahlgren. Ent. Tidskr.]. 4 Discobola argus Say. Several times reported from the State, hitherto, but not encountered by me. 5 Dicranomyia badia Walk. I collected this species sparingly at " The Glen " Ithaca in May, and there are speci- mens in the Cornell University collection dated in June. 6 Dicranomyia b r e v i v e n a O. S. Recorded by Osten Sacken from New York. 7 Dicranomyia h a e r e t i c a O. S. Taken at Old Forge in August. 8 Dicranomyia i m m o d e s t a O. S. Taken by me at Old Forge in August 1905, and by Dr Betten in August 1906, at Niagara Falls. 9 Dicranomyia liberta O. S. Reported by Osten Sacken from New York. 10 Dicranomyia 1 o n g i p e n n i s O. S. Reported by Osten Sacken from New York. 11 Dicranomyia moniliformis Doane. Described by Doane from Long Island. 12 Dicranomyia morioides O. S. Reported by Osten Sacken from Trenton Falls. I observed males at " The Glen " Ithaca about the middle of June 1907, swarming in vast companies, over an open roadway and in the hollow of a hill- side meadow. 13 Dicranomyia pubipennis O. S. ^ Reported by 14 Dicranomyia rara O. S. 1 Osten Sacken from New 15 Dicranomyia rostrifera O. S. J York. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 205 16 Dicranomyiasimulans Walk. A full account of the life history and habits of this widespread species is given on pages following. 17 Dicranomyia pudica O. S. June, Ithaca, N. Y. Cor- nell University collection. 18 Dicranomyia s t u 1 1 a O. S. Reported by Osten Sacken from Trenton Falls, N. Y. 19 Limnobia cinctipes Say. A few specimens of this widespread and handsome species came to trap lanterns at Old Forge in August 1905. 20 Limnobia i m m a t u r a O. S. Regional, but appar- ently not yet reported from the State. 21 L i m n o b i a . i n d i g e n a O. S. Taken at Old Forge in August. " The Glen " Ithaca on June 4th, and specimens are in the Cornell University collection from Manlius, N. Y. dated September i, 1872. Apparently it is of wide seasonal range. 22 Limnobia p a r i e t i n a O. S. Described from Tren- ton Falls, N. Y. 23 Limnobia s o 1 i t a r i a O. S. Reported by Osten Sacken from the State. 24 Limnobia t r i o c e 1 1 a t a O. S. Described from Tren- ton Falls. In the Cornell University collection from Manlius, N. Y., September i, 1872. 25 T o X o r h i n a m u 1 i e b r i s O. S. Reported by Osten Sacken from the State. 26 R h a m p h i d i a f 1 a v i p e s Macq. I captured speci- mens of this species flying singly about the marsh near the Cornell University Biological Field Station about the first of June 1907. They flew from stem to stem, with considerable speed, but with little persistence of flight. 27 Elephantomyia westwoodi O. S. A few speci- mens came to trap lanterns set over Moose river at Old Forge in August 1905. 28 Atarba picticornis O. S. I have a specimen that has lost its label, that came, I think, from Old Forge, it was reported from Trenton Falls by Osten Sacken. 29 D i c r a n o p t y c h a germ ana O. S. Obtained in trap lanterns at Old Forge in July and August. 30 'T e u c h o 1 a b i s c o m p 1 e x a O. S. Reported by Osten Sacken from Trenton Falls. 31 Antocha opalizans O. S. Obtained in my tent trap in Beaver Meadow brook in extraordinary abundance, as detailed elsewhere in this report. 206 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM -^2 C 1 a d u r a i n d i v i s a O. S. Reported by Osten Sacken from Trenton Falls. 33 Cryptolabis paradoxa O. S. Two male speci- mens in the Cornell University collection were taken at Enfield Falls, N. Y. on July I2, 1891. 34 R h y p h o 1 o p h u s li o 1 o t r i c h u s O. S. Ithaca, X. Y., May 20, 1891. 35 R h y p h o 1 o p h u s i n n o c e n s O. S. " The Glen " Ithaca, May 22, 1907. 36 R h y p h o 1 o p h u s m o n t i c o 1 a O. S. Taken com- monly at Old Forge in trap lanterns in August. 37 R h y p h o 1 o p h u s m e i g e n i i O. S. " The Glen " Ithaca, May 30, 1907. 38 R h y p h o 1 o p h u s n i g r i p i 1 u s O. S. " The Glen " Ithaca, May 22, 1907. 39 Rhypholoplius nubilus O. S. "The Glen" Ithaca, May 22, 1907. 40^ R h y p h o 1 o p h u s r u b e 1 1 u s O. S. Reported by Osten Sacken from West Point, N. Y. Specimens in the Cornell University collection were taken at Ithaca, ]\Iay 20, 1891. 41 Erioptera (Hoplobasis) armata O. S. Reported by Osten Sacken from the State. I have observed this species swarming in a ravine in the Biological Garden at Lake Forest in Illinois. At a very low elevation in an open pathway that was overarched by shrubs, companies of a few score were dancing up and down, or, when disturbed, scattering with irregular zigzag flight. Among several hundred specimens cap- tured with a net from these swarms, all were males save three. 42 Erioptera a r m i 1 1 a r i s O. S. Described from Tren- ton Falls. 43 Erioptera (Mesocyphona) caloptera Say. This widely distributed species I have taken in trap lanterns wherever I have run them, but always sparingly. A few adults can usually be swept from vegetation in wet swales. 44 Erioptera c h 1 o r o p h y 1 1 a O. S. This crane fly, unique in its pale green color, may often be obtained in very great numbers in trap lanterns that are set over beds of sub- merged vegetation in still water. The lantern that was set at the hatchery pier in Old Forge pond attracted consi'derable ^40" R. arcuatus Doane and 40" R. parallelus Doane from Ithaca have been described since the above list was prepared (Ent. News. 19:201-2). REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 20/ numbers, but not such excess as came to my lanterns when set in shallow lakes in the Middle-Western States. Its larva — probably strictly aquatic — has not yet been found. 45 Erioptera chrysocoma O. S. Regional, but not yet reported from the State. 46 Erioptera s e p t e m t r i o n a 1 i s O. S. Obtained from trap lanterns set on Moose river at Old Forge in August 1905. 47 Erioptera (A c y p h o n a) v e n u s t a O. S. Rarely taken in trap lanterns. Occasional specimens, stretched out against the walls like grass spiders, could frequently be found on the Old Forge hatchery. This species frequents the fallen leaves in the woods, and against the brown Ijackground of this leaf cover, it is well nigh invisible. r Both these species 48 Erioptera vespertina O. S.J are regional, but 49 Erioptera villosa O. S. 1 unreported from L the State. 50 M o 1 o p h i 1 u s h i r t i p e n n i s O. S. Taken in trap lanterns at Old Forge sparingly during July and August. " The Glen " Ithaca June 17, 1907. 51 Molophilus pubipennis O. S. Taken in trap lanterns at Old Forge in August. ^ . , , , ^ ^ r Reported by Osten 52 Gonomyiablanda O. S. f gacken from the 53 G o n o m y i a s u b c i n e r e a O. S. J State, the last 54 G o n o m y i a s u 1 p h u r e 1 1 a O. S. | two from T ren- t^ ton Falls. 55 Empeda stigmatica O. S. Described by Ostea Sacken from Trenton Falls. 56 H e 1 o b i a p u n c t i p e n n i s Meig. A wide ranging species, that comes sparingly to trap lanterns. It appears on the wing in the Renwick marshes at Ithaca before the frost is all out of the ground in March. 57 Chionea valga Harris. An early winter species of wingless crane fly, best known for its habit of appearing on snow. Specimens in the Cornell University collection are from Manlius, N. Y., October i, 1872, and from Ithaca November 15, 1892 and March 15, 1896. Dr Riley collected a number of speci- mens at Forest Home in December 1907, and a single specimen of another apparently undescribed species, with spinous middle femora. 208 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 58 T r i m i c r a a 11 o m a 1 a O. S. Reported by Osten Sacken from the State. 59 G n o p h o m y i a t r i s t i s s i m a O. S. Norton's Land- ing, N. Y., June 19, 1872, in Cornell University collection. 60 Ulomorpha pilosella O. S. Described from Tren- ton Falls. Taken in trap lanterns at Old Forge once or twice in July. 61 Trichocera brumalis Fitch. This species appears on the wing in late autumn and early spring, and on warm days in winter. It is seen not infrequently flying over the snow. 62 Limnophila (Dicranophragma) fuscovaria O. S. In the Cornell University collection from Norton's Land- ing, N. Y. 63 Limnophila macrocera Say. Axton, N. Y. June 1901 (MacGillivray). 64 Limnophila (D a c t y 1 o 1 a b i s) m o n t a n a O. S. A specimen was sent me by Mr Charles P. Alexander, taken on the i6th of May at Gloversville, N. Y. 65 Limnophila niveitarsis O. S. Several female specimens were taken in trap lanterns at Old Forge, July 20th. 66 Limnophila (Prionolabis) rufibasis O. S. Norton's Landing, N. Y., June 2, 1872, in Cornell University collection. 6^ Limnophila tenuipes Say. Manlius, N. Y., Sep- tember 6, 1872, Cornell University collection. ^„ T • 1 • 1 i /^ c 1 Taken commonly 68 Li mnophila toxon eur a O. S. ^ I at Old Forge m 69 Limnophila b r e v i f u r c a O. S. August. 70 Limnophila a d u s t a O. S. Manlius, N. Y., Sep- tember 6, 1872, Cornell University collection. 71 E p i p h r a g ,m a f a s c i p e n n i s Say. Ithaca, May 8, 1891. 72 Eriocera longicornis AA^alk. Ithaca, May 2, in Cornell University collection. 73 Eriocera spinosa O. S. Recorded by Osten Sacken from Trenton Falls. 74 Penthoptera albitarsis O. S. Ithaca, N. Y., July 14, 1892, a single male in the Cornell University collection. "The Glen" Ithaca, September 17, 1907; a single female speci- men that I captured in my hat while it hovered with its long, white feet outspread over the surface of the water in a spring basin. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 2O9 75 Rhaphidolabis tenuipes O. S. This species ap- peared in surprising abundance in my tent trap set in Beaver Meadow brook at Old Forge. In a spring brook at " The Glen " Ithaca, I have found it likewise abundant. The larva is described at the conclusion of this list. 76 Ula elegans O. S. "The Glen" Ithaca, May 25, 1907; at trap lanterns, rarely, in August at Old Forge. yy A ni a 1 o p i s c a 1 c a r O. S. At trap lanterns, August 1905, Old Forge. 78 A m a 1 o p i s i n c o n s t a n s O. S. Manlius, N. Y., Sep- tember 10, 1872. Old Forge, during July and August. Not infre- quently resting spiderlike on the outside of the hatchery build- ing at Old Forge, and easily picked by hand. 79 Pedicia albivitta Walk. Specimens labeled Bald- winsville, N. Y., September, and Manlius, N. Y., September 10, 1872 are in the Cornell University collection. The figures of the immature stages of this species described by me in bulletin 68 of the N. Y. State Museum are republished herewith [fig. 18 a, h, c\. 80 L i o g m a n o d i c o r n i s O. S. A single pair of this species w'as taken while sweeping by the spring at the " Old fish ponds " at Old Forge. They were clinging to the grasses at the edge of the spring brook. 81 P h a 1 a c r o c e r a t i p u 1 i n a O. S. Of this interesting species I have seen only a single wing [pi. 3, fig. 6: it is ample for identification]. I found it in the leaf of a pitcher plant (S a r r a c e n i a) in a little upland sphagnum bog between Little Moose mountain and the Old Forge pond while accompanying Dr Felt on a collecting trip for bog mosquitos August 3. 1905. The " pitcher " contained besides this wing : 8 wings of an undetermined species of Dicranomyia 4 wings of an undetermined species of Rhamphomyia 4 wings of some member of Anthomyiidae 4 wings of some member of the Muscidae I wing of a Ceratopogon 1 wing of a Leptomorphus 4 wings of undetermined species of Sciophila 2 wings of undetermined species of Psilocephala 4 wings of an undetermined caddis fly, probably Limnophila The remains of a big longicorn beetle, and 4 living and normal orthoraphous fly larvae, healthy and well fed citizens of the place. The miscellaneous Diptera of the above list were kindly deter- mined for me by Dr O. A. Johannsen. 2IO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 82 I d i o p 1 a s t a f i t c h i O. S. This singular and primi- tive crane fly was originally discovered in Xew York State, but seems not to have been taken there again. I have not seen living specimens. 83 Bittacomorpha clavipes Fabr. Saranac Inn, Old Forge, Ithaca, common in the red rotten debris that lies half floating at the edge of the water in sequestered places in swales and at the head of ponds. Its singular larva and pupa are well known through the description and figures published by :\Ir Hart [111. State Lab. Nat. Hist. Bui. 4:190-95, pi. 6]. 84 Ptychoptera rufocincta O. S. West Danby, N. Y., first week in June 1905. 85 D o 1 i c h o p e z a a m e r i c a n a n. sp. Old Forge in August. Description follows at the end of this list. 86 Oropeza annulata Say. Old Forge, N. Y., and Ithaca, N. Y., in August. 87 Xiphura f r o n t a 1 i s O. S. Ithaca, N. Y., May 31, Cornell University collection, 88 Xiphura f u m i p e n n i s O. S. Ithaca, X^. Y., May 31, Cornell University collection, 89 Xiphura topazina O. S. Ithaca, X. Y., May 31, Cornell University collection. 90 Pachyrhina incurva Loew. Manlius, N. Y.. Au- gust 24, 1872. 91 Pachyrhina lugens Loew. Xorton's Landing, N, Y,, June 2, 1872. 92 Pachyrhina unifasciata Loew. X^orton's Land- ing, X. Y., August 12, 1872. 93 Pachyrhina u n i m a c u 1 a t a Loew. X^'orton's Land- ing, N. Y., September 6, 1872. To the following records of occurrence of Tipulinae in the State I have nothing to add. The species are represented in the Cornell University. 94 Pachyrhina f e r r u g i n e a Fabr. 95 P a c h }• r h i n a g r a c i 1 i c o r n i s Loew. 96 Pachyrhina pedunculata Loew. 97 Pachyrhina tenuis Loew. 98 Tip u la abdominalis Say. Saranac Inn, Ithaca 99 Tip u la apicalis Loew, 100 Tipula be 11 a Loew. loi Tipula fasciata Loew, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST ICJO/ 211 102 Tip u la grata Loew. Sharon Springs 103 T i p u 1 a i n f u s c a t a Loew. 104 Tip u la strepens Loew. Axton New genus and two new species of Tipulidae In the course of my collecting of Tipulidae I have taken a number of forms that appear to be new to science, but most of these are species that show no venational peculiarities, and need not be considered here. Finding it necessary to refer to the others by name, I give herewith brief diagnoses of them. Oropeza n. gen. Radial sector apparently two branched, its base very short, originating opposite the tip of the subcosta ; median vein three branched, with a median cross vein closing a very narrow discal cell that ^s situated almost entirely beyond the inner line of cross veins, and vein M3 is bent upward upon this cross vein. Legs excessively long, femur and tibia of equal length, and the first tarsal segment as long as both together; each tarsal segment as long as all the segments beyond it taken together. Paired valves of ovipositor of the female of very unequal length. Type Tipula annulata Say. This species has been doubtfully referred to Dolichopeza hitherto. In venation it dif- fers markedly in the relation the deflection of Cu^ bears to the first fork of the median vein, and in the retention of a median cross vein, and in some minor matters such as the relatively longer base of its radial sector. These differences may be seen by comparing figures 3 and 5 of plate 16. Dolichopeza americana n. sp. Osten Sacken has reported the occurrence of undescribed species of this genus in America, and one of them I found at Old Forge in August 1905. That it is a true Dolichopeza will be seen by reference to the vena- tion of its wing as shown in plate 16, figure 5. Its expanse of wing is 21 mm. Its color is brownish, paler ventrally. Its antennae are of moderate length, with the brown flagellum consisting of 10 segments, slowly diminishing in length toward the tip and beset with a few stout, black hairs. The wings are of pale brown, with venation as shown in the figure just cited, the halteres are infuscated at tips. The legs are of the usual excessive length ; femora and tibiae are brown, with white bases, and all the tarsus is white except the basal half of the first segment and the apical half of the fifth segment. ? Dicranomyia whartoni n. sp. Expanse of wings 9.5 mm. 212- NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Color yellowish, darker on the dorsum, and on the forelegs. Wings hyaline with brownish veins, the color being deepest along the radial and cubital stems. Middle and hind legs yellow, forelegs brownish, all legs darker on tips of tarsi. The head is yellow but the three terminal segments of the palpi are brown, and the flagellum af the antenna is brownish ; it consists of 12 oval segments, the last one seated styluslike on the apex of the one be- fore it and not fully differentiated therefrom, the flagellum hardly longer than the total length of the head including its short proboscis. The lower valves of the ovipositor are broad and obtuse at the apex ; the upper valves are short, triangular at base, but prolonged and up- curved at apex; and the tips of the two pairs are nearly on a level. A single female specimen was obtained at Walnut, Lake Michi- gan on the 7th of August 1906 in a trap lantern. It will probably eventually constitute a new genus, but it is evidently derived from the more typical Dicranomyia, by a process of reduction, and it rep- resents the maximum of reduction of the median- vein along this developmental line. I take pleasure in dedicating this species to my former pupil, Mr C. O. Wharton, to whom I am indebted for the prepara- tion of the pencil drawings for most of the original figures of this paper, and for some other assistance toward its prepa- ration. I wish to call attention in passing, to a number of forms in this family that are misplaced. Meunier's fossil crane fly from amber Palaeoerioptera [Ent. Soc. France. Bui. 68:359, fig. ] is not a Tipulid at all but belongs to the Psychodidae. Van der Wulp's Tipula tenuis [Tijd. v. Ent. 1884, 28:85, pi. 4, fig. 7. I have copied the figure in pi. 16, fig. 2] is not a Tipula at all. In its long m-cu cross vein, situate at the very inner end of the cell, ist M,, it is much more like Megistocera [see pi. 16, fig. 4] but it probably represents a new genus. If the two figures I have copied on plate 18, figures 5 and 6 are at all accurate, Libnotes must be polymorphic. The last- figure is probably incorrect in its representation of the wing veins near the costal border of the wing. Larva of Rhaphidolabis tenuipes O. S. In Beaver Meadow brook, just before the door of the water tent described in preceding pages, I collected from among the round REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 213 Stones of the bottom, a few larvae of this species. They were not reared, but the abundance of adults issuing in the tent, and the great likeness of the larva to that of the closely allied genus Dicranota, as described and figured by Miall,^ leave scarcely a pos- sible doubt as to its identity. The larva [fig. 19^] measures in length 8-9 mm, with the caudal processes i mm additional. Diameter i mm. The body is cylin- dric and tapers forward on the thoracic segments, which while decreasing in diameter increase in length, the first segment, within which the head is wholly retracted, being twice the length of the third. At the base of the first segment is a narrow interpolated ring, which, in Dicranota Miall interpreted" as a posterior division of the basal abdominal segment. So in- terpreted, the abdomen consists of 9 segments of which the first two and the last one are legless, while the intervening five segments bear prolegs. These prolegs are fleshy, retrac- tile, unpaired and widely separated on the mid ventral line, and each bears a circlet of outcurved booklets at its tip, and diminishing series of lesser booklets, graduating into the scurfy pubescence of the general integument, back from the tip. The skin is of a dirty whitish or yellowish white color, and its appressed pubescence is roached up into two tranverse lines on each of the leg-bearing segments (which thus, and by reason of a slight constriction between these ridges of pubescence, is made to appear double) and into single lines on the other segments. The abdomen tapers abruptly upon the eighth seg- ment to the end and bears at its tip two long, fleshy filaments that are obtusely pointed and bear a few short, terminal hairs. Above the bases of these filaments is the imperfectly developed respiratory disk. The two bare spiracles are surrounded by roundly curved, raised lines of pubescence, and separated by a median groove, upon which, as a hinge line, apparently they may be folded up together. I take it that these spiracles are exposed in air, and closed together in water, and that four anal tracheal gills that may be seen projecting by their tips from the anus, are then protruded for aquatic respiration. This is a common arrangement for amphibious life in crane fly larvae. However, I merely collected these, and did not study their habits. ' Miall, L. C. 214 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The head when dissected out of the prothurax shows a me- dian blackish hne, dilated behind where it joins at the rear of the head, and shorter, blackish, paired stripes that lie upon the hind angles externall}^ The length of the head is three times its width. The blackish mandibles are armed internally with about five teeth among which are two longer ones that alternate with three shorter ones. The maxillae are shorter than the mandi- bles, and each bears a bunch of fleshy processes upon its tip. Life history of Dicranomyia simulans Walk This common and widespread species is found about wet logs on the edges of streams, and on wave beaten shores. I had an excellent opportunity for observing its life history and habits at Lake Forest, 111., during several weeks of the latter part of the summer of 1906. It is abundant on the piers along the west shore of Lake Michigan, and the " Ferry Hall Pier " at Lake Forest was conveniently near the cottage in which I was living. This pier was built on heavy driven piling, covered outside with heavy plank. About three feet of surface was ex- posed above the water at its normal stage. The planks were old, and sheltered a scanty growth of short, stemmed mosses in the cracks, and bore a heavy fringe of Cladophora and other algae just below the water line, with a film of " skin algae " extending a little higher. All over the sides of the plank, in either sun or shade, the adult simulans could be seen throughout the summer months, sometimes in considerable numbers. I was first at- tracted to notice them by their habit of running rapidly side- wise along the pier, and their resemblance to harvestmen (Phalangidae). They run habitually sidewise, apparently rarely moving forward except to escape an obstruction, and very rarely appearing on the top of the pier. They rest in an inverted po- sition on the under surface of the overhanging plank on the top of the pier. They stick to the surface so persistently that it is difficult to make one take flight; they may be driven all about on the surface, or poked with a stick ; they can fly well enough when they will, but when induced to fly they settle again almost at once, and within a few feet of their starting place. They are associated upon the piers with G e r a n o m y i a canadensis and with numerous midges and micro-caddis REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 21 5 flies (Hydroptilidae) and a few larger caddis flies of the genus Hydropsyche. Males are more in evidence, but probably not more abundant in fact. The females come out from their resting places only to lay their eggs, and are only to be seen when busily engaged in the performance of this task. They stand on tiptoe, with the long ovipositor held in vertical position at the tip of the deflexed abdomen, and they swing the body up and down in rapid shuttlelike vibration, freely rising and falling on the long and widely outspread legs. Thus the point of the ovipositor is driven against the wet surface of the plank, thrusting almost as rapidly as the needlebar of a sewing machine: it is moved about over the surface, as if searching for soft spots in the wood, and occasionally it makes a deeper thrust when a suitable place is found, and an egg is deposited. The egg-laying process is often interrupted and is continu- ally interfered with by the too importunate males. When a male in running about on the plank comes upon a female ovipositing, he stands directly above her at the full upward stretch of his legs, while she goes right along with her work; but the instant she ceases her vibrating and lifts her ovipositor, he is ready with his forceps, upturned and outspread at the tip of his decurved abdomen, to seize her. Usually she does not want to be interrupted and moves away, while he tries to run parallel and maintain all the while his position of vantage above her. Often other males are encountered, and then the males engage in a rough and tumble fight. They push and shove each other in a most ludicrous manner, reminding one of pigs fighting, and often an encounter of this sort enables the female to escape and to go on quietly with her work. The males have well developed eyes, but their sight must be very poor ; for, while always searching for females, they seem quite unable to find them by sight, often passing females at work within a distance of a few centimeters. But their tactile sense seems more acute. When a male in running to and fro had passed several times within 6 centimeters of a female without noticing her, was deflected from his course toward her by an obstruction I purposely placed in his way, he instantly sprang toward her upon the slightest contact, even of tips of tarsi, but was quite unheeding until this contact occurred. If it did not occur he would pass on, even by the narrowest margin. 2l6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM All Stages are found together on the piers. The eggs are laid in the soft spots in the old wood, where the surface of the pier is kept wet, but not continually covered by water, in the zone of the " skin algae." The larvae live exposed or thinly algae covered, and crawl about slowly over the wet surface. They are greenish in color and very inconspicuous. In a cavity among the stems of the dwarf mosses^ in a crevice at the upper limit of the wet area the larva spins about itself a sheet of tissue and fastens bits of moss stems and leaves to its outside, [fig. 9] and transforms inside the tube thus formed into a pupa. The tube is longer than its body, and the pupa moves in or out at will, doubtless by the aid of the hooks at the ends of its body. The larva measures in total length 10 to 15 mm, according to the state of extension of its body, and its diameter is, cor- respondingly 1.5 to 2 mm. It is cylindric, abruptly tapering pos- teriorly on the last abdominal segment. The head is wholly retracted within the swollen pro- thorax: extracted therefrom, the head shows a broad middle pale yellow band, and its sides are black from the base of the an- tennae backward. The labrum is transversely oval, with a mar- gin of close set scurfy hairs. The clypeus is one fourth broader than the labrum, yellow with parallel sides, but emarginate on the front for the reception of the labrum, there are three recurved stout setae on the lateral margins of the clypeus each side, and one on each angle and two upon its disk. There are no legs, but there is a scurfy pubescent creeping fold on the under surface of the meso- and metathorax and a similar one on the first abdominal segment: and there are much larger, transversely placed, muscular, scurfy-skinned creeping ridges on the under surface of abdominal segments 2-7 toward the front of 'These mosses were kindly named for me by Professor Barnes of Chicago University, as Bryum binum Schoeb. var. varium Lindb. and A m- blystegium orthocladon Lesq. and James. Fig. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 21/ each segment; and on these same abdominal segments on the dor- sum, but not extending down on the sides, there are transverse bands of scurfiness dififerentiated from the general pubescence, in corre- sponding positions. The dorsum is covered with close set pubes- cence, greenish brown in color with an interrupted middorsal row of alternating paler dots and cross marks. The respiratory disk of the larva [fig. lo] is channelled on the median line, with sloping sides that fold together when under water. Its border is fringed with short hairs, and is destitute of fleshy tubercles. The spiracles are oval. Four retractile fleshy anal gills are protruded for respiration under water, when the disk is closed. The pupa, withdrawn from its tube [fig. 9] is smooth and shining, pale brownish on ends, and measures 8 mm in length and 1.5 mm in diameter. The front of the thorax is upcurved dorsally. The respiratory processes of the prothorax are broad, laterally flattened, obtuse at apex and each bears a basal re- curved sharp hook on its dorsal side. The numerous minute divisions of the spiracu- lar orifice are arranged in a semicircular row along the .obtuse tip of -the process. The dorsum of the thorax shows a faint fretwork of raised lines on its surface. The abdomen is smooth, but bears transverse lines of scurfy pubescence in positions corresponding to those already de- scribed for the larvae. The abdomen terminates in a pair of stout, sharp recurved hooks. In all the pupae found except a few of the oldest, that were nearly ready for transformation, there were chitin tubes protruding from the spiracles of the middle abdominal segments. These were the linings of the larval tracheae, not wholly withdrawn from the spiracles. It is possible that these may serve a respiratory function for a pupa provided otherwise with only aerial respiratory ap- paratus yet living within the reach of the higher waves: that is to say, they may possibly act as do the tube gills of the Simulium pupa, obtaining oxygen from the water flowing over them. In that case both larva and pupa would be amphibious in respiratory habits. Venation of the wings of Tipulidae The framework of the wing of a crane fly consists of six, seven or eight longitudinal veins, that are joined together at base and apex bv a few cross veins. These principal veins are free in their middle 2l8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM course and are generally clearly recognizable. They will be desig- nated in this paper by the following names and abbreviations for them : Costa (C) Subcosta (Sc) Radius (R) Media (M) Cubitus (Cm) Anal veins (ist A, 2d A, ^d A) On the accompanying diagram [fig. ii] of a crane fly wing these principal veins are designated at the base by the abbreviations given above. It will be observed that the radius is distinguished by the possession of a very large and conspicuous posterior branch. This branch is called the radial sector {Rs) . All other branches are Fig. II designated by number, the numbers beginning at the front and con- tinuing posteriorly, the number being added to the symbol for the vein, for any branch to which it belongs. For example the branches of the radial vein are labeled R^, R~, R^, R^, and R^. The costa is simple and lies on the foreborder of the wing. The subcosta is two branched and bears a short apical fork, but the divisions of this fork, running as they do into costa and radius respectively, have usually the appearance of cross veins. The radius gives ofif its sector as already noted, and this in turn is dichotomously twice forked. Media likewise has a manner of forking essentially like that of the radial sector, and cubitus is once forked. Al- though the anal veins are usually simple, the second of them is occasionally forked at the tip. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 2ig It may be observed in any wing that costa, subcosta and radius run closely parallel along the front margin of the wing and that the subcosta lies in a deep groove between the other two, and is usually strongly braced against them. Thus, both by approximation of these strong veins and by the corrugation of the membrane, the front of the wing is made rigid. The other posterior veins extend wide apart diagonally across the outspread membrane of the wing disk. The cross veins of a crane fly wing are rarely more numerous, usually less numerous than are the longitudinal veins. A humeral cross vein (h) strongly joins the costal and subcostal veins near the base. The other cross veins of the wing that are considered typical for the Tipulidae lie in the distal part of the wing and may be conveniently designated by the names suggested by their posi- tions, as follows: the radial cross vein (r), the radio-medial cross vein (r-ni), the median cross vein (in), and the medio-cubital cross vein (vi-cu), small letters being used as symbols to avoid confusion. This system of venation is characteristic not only of all Tipulidae, but also of all Diptera, and of a number of other orders of insects as w^ell. In so far as the trunks of the principal veins are con- cerned, it is characteristic of all winged insects. Toward the working out of the system of the venation of the Diptera, systematic dipterologists have contributed surprisingly little, and toward the correlation of it with that of other orders, they have done nothing at all. Redtenbacher laid the foundations, and Comstock built thereon, and by comparative study established the system on a firm basis and published it in his Manual for the Study of Insects. He once told me that it was in the study of the venation of the Diptera that he first felt the solid ground of true homologies beneath his feet. I have had hitherto no share in the brilliant work that has been done on the venation of this order. The chapters on Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera of the Wings of Insects were wholly the work of Professor Comstock. After this work was done I joined him in a search for ontogenetic confirmation of homologies already determined ; but in the order Diptera, that search proved wholly fruitless. The proof of homo- logies in dipterous venation rests on comparative anatomy alone. When Professor Comstock and I published jointly the JVings of Insects, we endeavored to construct a wing that should be typical for all the orders. Afterward, studying the venation of the 220 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Odonata/ I came to the conclusion that our hypothetical type wing did not represent all the venation of the primitive insect wing, but only the main skeleton of it. That the longitudinal veins of that type were possessed by the primitive insect I do not doubt: they represent the main lines of chitin deposition along primeval tracheae; but the interspaces between these veins were occupied, I believe, by a more or less irregular meshwork of cross veins, Avhich disappear with the progressive differentiation between strong veins and thin membrane. Redundant cross veins are still char- acteristic of many generalized insects, and were so of most of the older fossils known. I have given in the paper just cited [p. 725- 28] a theory as to the mode of differentiation of strong cross veins in the dragon flies. There is much less evidence as to how the reduction may have occurred in the Diptera; but I have no doubt that the supernumerary cross veins and spurs of veins, so common in Tipulidae, indicate the location of some few remnants of the large numbers that were probably possessed by the early neurop- teroid ancestors of the Diptera. It may be assumed that in any process of reduction cross veins favorably situated, joining the principal veins advantageously, would tend to grow stronger, while others, less favorably situated in intervening spaces, would tend to weaken and disappear. I have drawn and present in figure 12 a typical Tipulid wing in which the principal veins with their full complement of branches are represented in solid black, and the typical cross veins are represented in double contours. This wing is based on a tracing of the wing of Macrochile [pi. 14, fig. i] and diff'ers very little therefrom. . Then, in order to see what sort of wing it would be if all the supernumeraries occurring anywhere in any crane fly should appear together, I located these supernumeraries, all in their proper places, one by one, and I represent them then in dotted lines in this figure. How like a Panorpid wing is the result! If one compares it with the wing of Bittacus, for example, he will see that the differences are very slight, and are confined chiefly to the anal area. There is the same type of branching of all the ' U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc. 1903. 26703-64. A Genealogic Study of Dragon Fly Wing Venation. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ 221 principal veins, the same upward hitch of vein Cu^ against media, and many of the cross veins occupy identical positions. Especially striking are the first two cross veins in the first fork of media, one delimiting, the other traversing cell ist M^. The suggestion has been made before by others, and I think it very possible, that some Panorpidlike neuropteroid mutant got its center of gravity hitched forward, its hind wings reduced, and started the dipterous line of evolution. Homologies of cross veins. In my study of the venation of the Odonata, I was quite unable to homologize any of their cross veins with those found in other orders qf insects. And I do not iDelieve that those indicated in the Comstock-Needham typical wing are necessarily homologous, even in those orders in which single cross veins occur at the points indicated for them in our type, for, primarily, cross veins are not formed about strong tracheae (they contain either late developing tracheal twigs or none at all), and they show, so far as I can see, none of the earmarks of homology. I conceive that such cross veins, as we may fairly regard as typical by reason of their frequent recurrence, are the survivors of the long elimination process just discussed. They are the cross veins that happened to stand in the positions most favorable for con- necting together longitudinal veins, ordinarily at the points where dichotomous branches came nearest together. If, as seems prob- able, there were originally many cross veins, and if the forks of the principal veins varied somewhat in length and position in the ancestors of different groups, the same particular cross veins might not, probably would not, be preserved in every case. Those most useful would, naturally, survive the elimination process. Yet, with a similar form of wing and the same general primary disposition of branches of tracheae and veins, the process of elimination might leave a few strong cross veins in corresponding positions in very different insects, for it is always to be remembered that all wings have had to meet like conditions : the air is the same for all. The cross veins of the Comstock-Needham type are such merely as recur in like position in a large proportion of winged insects, and whether strictly homologous or not, it is convenient to designate them by the simple method that Professor Comstock devised. It is in this sense that these designations are used in this paper. Some general features of the Tipulid zving The primitive ancestral crane fly doubtless possessed more veins in its wing than were necessary or advantageous, and these were 222 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM not well arranged to serve the purposes of flight. A comparison of the generahzed members of the family with the more speciahzed, gives unmistakable evidence as to this, and a comparison of the Diptera as a whole but adds further confirmation. The best flyers have fewer veins, and have them arranged in such a manner to better brace the wing membrane. The course of primitive veins was probably one of gentle diverg- ence out from the narrow base across the wing disk. Their fork- ing was dichotomous; in all wings there still inhere some traces of this original dichotomy, that is due to the first formation of veins about primeval tracheae. When elimination of cross veins occurred, those cross veins would be preserved that occupied ad- vantageous position joining the nearest points of adjacent veins. For the wing is a machine, and one of immense importance to its possessor, and its efficiency would count for much in the struggle for existence. That efficiency could depend on nothing else than advantageous arrangement of its constituent parts. The wing is moved up and down by muscles within the thorax attached to its basal parts ; its front margin is rigid, by reason of the strength and close approximation of the three veins there and the gutterlike depression of the membrane they maintain between them, their close union with the basal hinge apparatus, and their junction at the humeral cross vein and by means of the tip of the subcosta. At the tip of the subcosta lies the stigma — a weighted striking point, strongly, though often diffusely chitinized. This is the point of greatest impact against the air. The part beyond the stigma and the whole outer and hinder border are flexible; and forward progression through the air depends upon the sculling action which this combination of rigid front margin and pliant hinder part secures. The wing has been called not inaptly " a sort of flexible sail ;" and if we scan any Tipulid wing (excepting possibly a few of the most generalized) we may readily see that the strong main stem of the radial vein stands in the place of the main mast, [fig. ii] and the strong cubital vein, in the place of the boom that keeps the sail full spread. From an imaginary mast head in the region of the stigma a sort of '' bolt cord " is formed out of cross veins and divaricated forks, joining together in secure but flexible union the outer ends of mast and boom. Moreover, as were befitting in a sail, the base of the main mast is rigid, while the base of the boom is flexibly slung. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQ07 223 But this analogy might easily be carried too far. For the wing is not a sail, to belly with the wind and hold against its pressure, but it is a flexible scull, to be swung rapidly against still air, up and down, rigid in front, yielding behind, giving a resultant in forward motion of both strokes rapidly repeated. Hence beyond the bolt cord that may be discerned in the line of cross veins and forks, and behind the boom that the stem of the cubital vein represents, there is a wide border that has no counterpart in a sail. Further- more, the analogy will be misleading if held too rigidly even for the inner triangular area. For the " bolt cord " is often not con- tinuous to vein R^ but stops at the radial sector,^ and it is cut by one or more furrows, that greatly increase its flexibility.- The analogy will have served its purpose if it fixes our attention upon the triangular outlines of the supporting framework of the wing, for it will abundantly appear in the following pages that along these lines of support have played the forces that have evolved the Tipulid wing. This general arrangement of parts is not peculiar to Tipulidae, nor even to Diptera, but is characteristic of the vast majority of winged insects. It seems strange that so little attention should have been paid to it hitherto by students of vena- tion. I desire to emphasize it here by means of the accompanying dia- /'^- '^ gram [fig. 13] in which the arrows indicate the outer line of transverse joinings. For this I think it would be convenient to use the simple and sug- gestive term cord. The shaded mainmast strip at the front is the costo-subcosto-radial combination. The posterior boundary of the larger triangle is the cubitus, and of the lesser included tri- angle, the radial sector. ' Thus making, however, a trapezoidal, instead of a triangular sail area. * These furrows allow the wing to close somewhat on the up stroke, and are doubtless a compensation for the pull of gravity on the heavy body of a crane fly. They are best developed in the Tipulinae with the heaviest bodies (Holorusia, etc.). One can see how they work by holding a fresh or a softened wing firmly by its base and blowing air alternately against its upper and lower surfaces through a bent tube while looking horizontally at its tip. The anal furrow (behind Cu) allows almost complete flexion on the up stroke. On the down stroke the whole wing tends to flatten out. 224 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The main phenomena of specialization of wings of craae tlies are three : 1 The bringing into Hne for mutual support of cross veins and adjacent forks. This may be soon understood by comparing figures 12 and 13, or by comparing any specialized crane fly wing -with the wing of Macrochile [pi. 14, fig. i]. 2 The reduction of superfluous veins and cross veins. 3 The dififerentiation between the veins that remain. The last two processes are really one ; for both are at bottom and redistribution of the strength-giving material of the wing. When but one cross vein is left where two were before, that one is larger and stronger. This may be perhaps regarded as hypo- thetical, but the converse of it is not, for two cross veins occasion- ally appear adventitiously, where normally there is one (as, for example, cross vein m in Acyphona) and then they are always markedly weaker than the single one would be. The differentia- tion between longitudinal veins consists likewise essentially in putting the strength-giving material where it will do the most good. That differentiation is but little exaggerated in figure 13. Witness the photographs of plates 11 to 13. Strong and weak stems alter- nate.^ Radius is strong and media weak, cubitus is strong and the first anal weak, the second anal is stronger than the first, and the third is usually absent altogether. Our knowledge of the mechanics of insects is yet exceedingly meager and unsatisfactory. It is sufficient to be suggestive how- ever of possible reasons underlying the main phenomena of their specialization. Elements of the venation individually considered It will be advantageous now to consider the parts of the venation severally, looking first at the veins, then at the cross veins, and then at their mutual behavior and adjustment. Longitudinal veins. The costa is always simple, and forms the front border of the wing. The subcosta is a weaker vein that lies in the bottom of the furrow of the fore border between costa and radius. It is bound to radius by a basal fusion and to costa by the humeral cross veins : * I have noted a similar^differentiatbn under very different vein arrange- ment in the Odonata [U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc. 1903. 26:73?]. and have stated the conclusion thus: "The strong vein bounds posteriorly the area m which the weaker one lies." REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ 22^. at its tip it is forked, and its short divaricated branches have the appearance of cross veins. Sc^ joins the costa directly, and Sc- (the so called subcostal cross vein of some systematic dipterol- ogists) joins radius. Specialization affects the subcosta very differently in different groups of crane flies. In some (Lim- nobiini, etc.) the apical fork becomes strongly fixed in the posi- tion described so as to maintain a deep furrow all the way to the stigma. In some (Pedicinii, etc.) Sc- migrates backward to- ward the base of the wing \^see pi. 24, 25] and in some there is a marked tendency for one tip or the other or even the whole of the subcosta to atrophy (Rhamphidiini, etc.). The radius is the strongest vein of the wing. It is typically five branched, the sector being dichotomously twice forked. This is the condition seen in Macrochile [pi. 14, fig. i], Idioplasta [pi. 15, fig. i], and Tanyderus [pi. 14, fig. 2]. Usually the number of branches is reduced, and when re- duction occurs it follows a different method in the two families of crane flies. In the Pty- chopteridae, fusion pro- ceeds faster in the up- F:g. 14 ^ per fork of the sector, veins R^ and R^ remaining separate after veins R- and R^ have fused, as seen in Ptychoptera and Bittacomorpha [pi. 15, fig. 2, 3]. Since this is the behavior of the sector that characterizes all the brachycerous diptera, and since crane flies belong to the nematocerous division, its occurrence here is somewhat surprising. In nearly all Tipulidae fusion proceeds faster in the lower fork of the sector, veins R^ and R-'^ remaining longer separate. There are, however, a few genera, scattered among the various tribes, as these tribes are at present constituted, in which there is considerable variability as to the nature of the forking of the sector. The apparent exceptions to the rule just stated for the TipuHdae proper, occur in Pedicia [pi. 26, fig. i] and Amalopis [pi. 25, fig. 2] of the Amalopini. In Molophilus [pi. 22, fig. 6] and Conosia [pi. 21, fig. 5] of the Eriopterini, and in Rhicnoptila [pi. 30, fig. 5] of the Limno- philini. Indeed, in Amalopis inconstans, and in R h i c - no'ptila wodzickii, and probably in others of these forms, both types of forkings may be found in a single species. This is ,9 22D NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM very puzzling; for such characters as this have been found elsewhere in the Diptera most reliable. But it is to be noted that in all these cases of departure from the assumed Tipulid type of forking of the sector, the branches are all long and the forks lie close together, and a slight migration of either of the three branches would change the relations of the forks to each other. The accompanying diagram illustrates these dif- ferences of behavior of the radial sector. There are some reasons for believing that these peculiar forms are only apparent exceptions to the rule of Tipulidae. For example, the position of the r-m cross vein in Pedicia, Amalopis and Rhicnoptila, indi- cates that in these forms at least, after the complete fusion of R* and R^, a further fusion of R'*+^ with the part of the sector immediately before it, brought about the apparent reversion of the fork; for, elsewhere when the sector is three branched, this cross vein touches the posterior branch after its separation from the middle branch but here it touches before this separation [fig. I4.i^]. In other words, the r-m cross vein remains in its original position, while fusion has carried the fork past it. A reason for that further fusion may possibly have lain in the arcuation of the wing apex in these genera. In Gynoplistia [pi. 20, fig. i] the fusion has proceeded only to the level of the cross vein, and the two forks are of equal depth. In M o 1 o p h i 1 u s (not Erioptera) com at us Doane [N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. vol. 8, pi. 7, fig. 20] the forks are symmetrically arranged about the middle branch [like / in fig. 14]. Obviously this condition, although intermediate, is not primitive, but secondary, and has come about through migra- tion of one or the other or both of the forks. To the other cases in which this exceptional mode of branch- ing of the sector occurs, Conosia [pi. 21, fig. 5] and Molophilus [pi. 22, fig. 6] the same reasons for this second fusion will not apply : the wing tip is not arcuated, but straight. But in both of these the r-m cross vein is located unusually far out from the base of the wing, especially in the former, and this second- ary fusion may here be an accompaniment of the upward skewing of the sector, and the unusual relations borne by the elements of the cord [fig. 14/?]. Professor Comstock pointed out that the two modes of branching of the sector are differences of kind, and he showed that by further reduction either kind of three branched sector REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 22/ may become two branched. And, if the two branched sector at c in figure 14, and the one at c, exactly Hke it, be descended as indicated, they are less closely related to each other than either is to the three branched sector that stands before it in the diagram. Yet when the two types of branching are hover- ing about the parting of the ways, as they seem to be in the cases just cited, we see that even differences of kind are in their beginnings merely differences of degree. This marked variability in a character that is elsewhere so constant and so important surely indicates that the crane flies are a very generalized group. In this, and in other characters as well, the main characters of the venation of the Diptera were not firmly fixed. The crane flies stand near the foot of the series, where venational experiments abound, and where the main trends of specialization are not everywhere fully estab- lished. A further reduction of the branches of the sector has occurred in many crane flies {see pi. 27, 28]. The two branched con- dition has been reached, apparently by the fusion from the base outward to the wing margin of R^ and R^, as illustrated by Gonomyia [pi. 24, fig. 4, 5] and Cladolipes : also by the atrophy of vein R^, as indicated by Lipsothrix [pi. 20, fig. 5] and some Tipulinae. Apparently R^ and R^ have both atrophied in Toxorrhina [pi. 29, fig. 5]. There has also occurred a noteworthy fusion from the tips backward of R^ and R^+^ in the Cylindrotomini [pi. 15, fig. 4, 5, 6]. Certain other fusions involv-- ing also the cross veins, will be considered after the cross veins have been discussed. The median vein is typically twice dichotomously branched, like the radial sector. Yet even more rarely does it show the full complement of branches. These were apparently fully de- veloped 'in the fossil crane fly Rhabdinobrochus [pi. 17, fig. 2] from Florissant, and all four are represented in a living unde- termined Tipuline shown in [pi. 17, fig. i], although M^ is repre- sented only by a spur of a vein. Usually there are but three, or two branches : rarely there remains but one [as in Diotrepha, pi. 29, fig. 6]. The branches of the two main forks of media tend to be reduced by different methods; those of the anterior fork tend to fuse from the base to the wing margin ; those of the lower fork to disappear by atrophy. I have not found any evidence of atrophy in the anterior fork, nor of fusion in the posterior one. A number of the larger genera, like Limnophila, 228 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM illustrate in their different species the tendency of AP and M- to fuse together. Limnophila toxoneura [pi. i8, fig. 2] shows a moderate fusion; L. brevifurca [pi. 14, fig. 6] shows fusion almost to the wing margin ; and L. q u a d r a t a [pi. 18, fig. 6] shows the fusion complete; and the other species of Limnophila figured on plate 18 show various inter- mediate conditions. Rhaphidolabis [pi. 19, fig. 2] shows these veins almost fused, and the nearly allied Plectromyia [pi. 30, fig. 4] shows them wholly fused. In the hinder fork, I have seen no evidence of any tendency for M^ and M^ to fuse, but both tend to atrophy. Both, though commonly developed in the more generalized neuropteroid in- sects, have been found well developed among all the Diptera only in the fossil Rhabdinobrochus above cited. One of the hinder branches of media is quite persistent. In fact it is nearly always present, but it may be found well developed or weak or broken or absent in different species of the genus Dicranomyia. It is usually fused basally with vein Cu^ for a distance, but I have never found it fused beyond the level of the median cross vein, and I do not believe that it ever dis- appears by total fusion in the Tipulidae, although it does so among certain of the higher Diptera. Dicranomyia immodesta [pi. 27, fig. 3] shows it persistent while the median cross vein has disappeared, D. c i n e r e a [pi. 27, fig. 4] shows it interrupted, and attached to the end of the flexed 'median cross vein, the two together simulating very decep- tively a persistence of vein M-. This appearance is wholly de- ceptive, however, as any one may satisfy himself by a little care- ful comparative study. In ? D. whartoni [pi. 27, fig. 5] it has wholly disappeared, save for the slightest bit of a spur on ^ Critical comparative study is sometimes necessary for determining where vein R ends and vein M begins. In Paratropeza [pi. 21, fig. 4], for example, there are five branches of veins reaching the wing margin between the tips of Ri and Cui. Is it Rs or M that is three branched? How shall this be determined.? Only by comparison of allied forms. It will thus be- come sufficiently clear that Rs is three branched. The other interpretation would be inconsistent; for (i) the first fork of the vein Rs is always m- volved in the formation- of the cord ; vein R4+.-, is here set ofif posteriorly at a right angle from the base of vein R^+a; and (2) in allied forms the cross- vein M joins at its anterior end vein Mi-f-2, not vein M^; that is, it is situated on the proximal side, not on the distal side of the upper median fork. That fork is therefore not present in Paratropeza. This ap- parent confusion is due to the elimination of the r-m cross vein by the long basal fusion of veins Rj^b and Mi+a. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 229 the anterior side of Cu^, marking the point of their former separation. The cubital vein is always two branched, and is the most constant of the veins of the wing. Its anterior branch Cu^ is always deflected forward at the fork, toward a backward de- flection of ]\I'*+^. The posterior branch is often recurved at the tip, and is rarely (as in certain tropical species of Eriocera and Mongoma) [pi. 21, fig. 6] fused with the tip of the first anal. The further changes in this vein are connected with the ^elimination of the medio-cubital cross vein and will be dis- cussed later. The second anal vein is branched in Podoneura [pi. 21, fig. 3] and apparently also (and still more deeply) in Peripheroptera [pi. 28, fig. 4], if I rightly interpret this figure as showing a first anal vein greatly reduced. I am quite unacquainted with the species except for this figure. There is a very short branch at the tip in the aberrant Australian Limnophila, figured by Skuse [Linn. Inst. N. S. Wales. Proc. (2) vol. 4, pi. 22] ; and in a number of our commonest crane flies [such, for ex- ample, as Helobia, pi. 24, fig. i] the tip of it is very like that of Podoneura with the posterior branch of the fork eliminated ; and in Trichocera [pi. 19, fig. 4] its strong recurvature resembles that of Podoneura with the other or anterior branch eliminated. Possibly, the supposed supernumerary cross vein between the anal veins in Discobola [pi. 28, fig. i] may be the anterior tip of A^, deflected and fused with A^. The third anal vein appears to be present, and distinct and free from the anal margin only in the Florissant fossil crane fly Cladoneura [pi. 22, fig. i]. Cross veins. I have already indicated by name the five cross veins that I regard as typical for Tipulidae: the humeral (h), the radial (r), the radio-medial (r-m), the median (m), and the medio-cubital (m-cu). There are perhaps a few others that should have been taken into account, situated at the base of the wing on the posterior side. The foremost of these with which the base of the median vein is intimately bound up, extending between radius and cubitus, is doubtless the same as the arculus in other orders. The others have been called collectively and without discrimination, axillary cross veins. My material being largely published figures, has not been adequate for their study. No attention has yet been paid to them. 230 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The " subcostal cross vein " of many systematic dipterologists is not included in this list because it is not a cross vein at all, but the free part of Sc- as already pointed out. The basal one of these five cross veins, the humeral, is very constant in posi- tion and relations, only disappearing by atrophy when the sub- costa, which it braces^ atrophies. Of the four distal cross veins, the two innermost (f-7/1 and m-cu) lie between principal veins and effect strong and permanent unions. The other two (r and m) lie in the middle of the principal forks of the radius and of media respectively, usually fall outside the cord and are far less constant. These two disappear by atrophy; the former, only by fusion of veins together, making the joinings stronger. The radial cross vein may enter strongly into the forma- tion of the cord, as in Conosia [pi. 21, fig. 5] and the more typical Eriopterini [pi. 23] or it may be quite eliminated as in many of the Rhamphidiinae [pi. 29] and Paratropeza [pi. 21, fig. 4]. It rarely disappears through the fusion of adjacent veins, as in Lechria [pi. 19, fig. 5] ; more often it is eliminated by fusion from the apex backward as in the Cylindrotomini [pi. 15, fig. 4, 5, 6]. Its posi- tion in relation to the forking of the radial sector is very different in different crane flies ; and in this there probably lie unused generic characters of value. The radio-medial cross vein always enters into the formation of the cord, being always present or accounted for. It disappears only by fusion of adjacent veins upon it. That fusion may be brief, as in Rhamphidia [pi. 14, fig. 4] or more extensive, as in Ptilogyna [pi. 17, fig. 4], Liogma [pi. 15, fig. 5], Mongoma [pi. 21, fig. 6], or Paratropeza [pi. 21, fig. 4], each representing a different group, and all highly specialized. It is situated at an unusual dis- tance from the base of the wing in Conosia [pi. 21, fig 5], being beyond the median cross vein. The median cross vein usually lies without the cord (except in the case of Conosia, just cited) and when far without, it appears to be relieved of great responsibility and tends to disappear along with the superfluous branches of the median vein. As a rule it disappears in advance of the atrophy of Mo. Owing to the upward deflection of the base of M3, this cross vein and the deflected portion of that vein equally support the tip of M3 in very many cases; and either may be eliminated, leaving the tip supported on the other. In fact both may go, and leave the tip hanging in the membrane unsupported, as illustrated REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 23 1 in figure 14, i, j, k, I, m. Within the Hmits of two genera, Dicrano- myia and Rhypholophus, as these are at present constituted, both occurrences may be found in different species. This is illustrated for Dicranomyia on plate 27, figures 3 and 4. But it seems to me that the diiferences of stress must be considerable in wings so dif- ferently veined as are these, and that the disappearance in the one case of the cross vein, and in the other, of the base of M^ are really differences of kind sufficient perhaps to justify generic sepa- ration. Obviously the stresses in the wing shown in figure 4 of plate 17 would be distributed much as in the wings of the Gono- myias shown in plate 24, figures 4 and 5, in which a parallel atrophy of the base of M^ has occurred. The medio-cubital cross vein is present in a considerable number of the more generalized representatives of this family [witness pi. 17, fig. I, 2, 4, 5, 6 ; pi. 14, fig. I, 2 ; pi. 16, fig. I, 2, 4, 6] and it is accounted for in all the others by the fusion of M3 and Cu^ upon it. This fusion is never very extensive in the Tipulinae, but it is usually considerable in the Limnobiinae, and after it occurs the deflected portion of Cu^ looks like a cross vein ; and it is so desig- nated by some dipterologists. After this fusion is completed the deflected portion of Cu^ may migrate toward the base of the wing, to a moderate extent in Hoplobasis [pi. 23, fig. 5], Trimicra [pi. 24, fig. 4], Helobia [pi. 24, fig. i] and Empeda [pi. 14, fig. 5] — to a remarkable extent in Diotrepha [pi. 29, fig. 6]. The supernumerary cross veins, whose location has already been indicated in the diagram [fig. 24], are distributed in part as follows, the names of the cells being those of the veins that bound them anteriorly. The one in the costal cell occurs in Ephiphragma and several related genera. That in cell R^ occurs in Dicranota, Poly- angaeus, Peripheroptera, etc. The one in cell R" occurs in Rhicnoptila, Helobia, Limnophila, etc. The one in cell R^ occurs in Tanyderus, Polyangaeus, etc. The one in cell R* occurs in Tanyderus. The one in cell R^ occurs in Cyttaromyia, and gave the describer of that fossil considerable trouble. The one that occurs in the base of cell R (the first basal cell of some systematic dipterologists) occurs as a spur from the base of the radial sector in many genera. The one in the middle of that cell occurs in an Australian aberrant Limnophila that was figured by Skuse^. The one in the apex of that cell occurs as a spur projecting from the radio-medial cross vein in Trichocera and from M^+- in a number ^ Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales. Proc. (2) 4 pi. 22, fig. 25. 232 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM of Other forms. The one within the discal cell occurs in Hoplolabis, Plusiomyia [pi. 17, fig. 2], Ula [pi. 25, fig. 5] and as a spur in others. The one in cell M (the second basal cell, of some systematic dipterologists) occurs in Ephelia, Polyangaeus, etc. The one in cell M3 occurs in Idioplasta. The one in cell A^ occurs in Discobola. The probable significance of all these supernumeraries has already been discussed. I consider them lone survivors of a more abundant venation. But their widely scattered recurrence inclines me to believe in a very remote origin of genera and groups of genera in this family. And there is among them one that is very peculiar. Apparently it is not in the way of disappearing, but of redevelopment. It is the one that occurs in Hoplolabis armatain cell 1st M^. There is here a curious atrophy of the base of M^+^, just beyond the first fork of the median vein and a creeping of all the vein tips around toward the wing apex, and a most curious conformation of the discal cell [pi. 2^, fig. 5, 6]. It acquires a reentrant angle from which a spur starts. These things are foreshadowed in Acyphona [pi. 23, fig. 4]. I studied the variability of this spur in some 50 wings of this species, and found it to exhibit all degrees of length from a complete cross vein down to a spur one third as long, it being usually about half as long. This seems to be a relatively new acquisition that accompanies the reentrant angle that probably meets some new need due to the movements of veins and shift of stresses. The median cross vein rarely disappears by the fusion upon it of the veins it connects [as in Phalacrocera pi. 11, fig. 2, and in Idiophlebia figured by Griinberg in Zool. Aug. 1903. 26:525]. It gets curiously reduced in length and reversed in position in Palaeo- poecilostola [pi. 20, fig. 4]. Principal readjustments of venation in the Tipulidae We come now to note the correlated behavior of veins and cross veins in this family. The principal shifts of veins that clearly show correlated movements of many elements of wing structure are two: (i) the formation of the cord and (2) the upshift of veins Cu^ and M^^. Let us consider these somewhat in detail. Formation of the cord. As already defined, the cord is the principal line of transverse joinings of the veins that traverse the wing disk. It is always composed of at least three forks and two intervening cross veins. These are the first fork of the radial sector, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 233 the first fork of the media, the fork of cubitus, the radio-medial cross vein, and the medio-cubital cross vein. Primitively the cord was very much zigzagged in and out, and secondarily it often be- comes quite straight, but whatever its shifts of position, its ins and outs, it is always clearly recognizable, and the parts just cited are its essential parts. It is always attached to vein R\ but there is the most extraordinary diversity in its mode of attachment. It may, with the aid of the radial cross vein, be slung from R^ upon a truss of equal arms (the arms being the base of Rs and portions of R^+"^, see plate 29) ; or, the distal arm may be shortened, as in a host of forms (as indicated in the diagram fig. 11) ; or the proximal arm may be shortened as in Dolichopeza [pi. 16, fig. 5] ; or both arms may be shortened simultaneously as in Cryptolabis [pi. 30, fig. i] and Peripheroptera [pi. 28, fig. 4] or the radial cross vein may come into a position of increased responsibility as in Conosia [pi. 21, fig. 5] or may be brought into direct line with the cord, as in Paratropeza [pi. 21, fig. 4] ; or, the radial cross vein may atrophy, as in a host of forms, leaving the cord supported by the base of the sector alone ; or, the opposite thing may happen; the tip of R^ may turn forward and fuse with the tip of R\ thus eliminating the radial cross vein, with the usual result of leaving a very strong union in its place; and the vein R-'' may follow it, and the base of the sector may atrophy, leaving the cord slung from the radius by R^^ alone, as in Scambo- neura [pi. 16, fig. 6]. But, these shifty parts aside, be it noted that the foremost fixed point in the cord is the first fork of the radial sector, and the hindmost point is the fork of cubitus, and between these two points it had primitively a zigzag, in and out course, which has been corrected, shortened and improved chiefly by the shortening of these forks, and the divarication of their branches. This path of union traverses the cell ist M^ — one might say, is interrupted by that cell. Probably the cell ist M^ and probably the entire median vein with it, might well have been dispensed with, for the more successful of the Diptera have either eliminated it, or brought it into quite new relations to adjacent veins. But it was present, and its principal fork was interposed squarely between the forks of the adjacent veins. That is the burden of inherit- ance; for the wing was not made out of dreams, as some might have us think — out of hypothetical a priori fitnesses — out of vacancy, to which parts might be added in a rational and beautiful manner, but out of a fold of hypodermis, traversed by branching tracheae, and secreting chitin about them and between them. The 234 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM early differentiating process had to deal with a long median fork, with a cross vein at each elbow of it. But the median cross vein standing in its midst and binding its arms together beyond the cord and opposite the fork, preventing their spreading, clearly corrects in some measure the obvious weakness of this arrangement. In our diagram [fig. 13] the cell is represented between the cross veins and adjoining forks, like a ring slung in a cord. It required the median cross vein to complete the ring. This is the reason why that cross vein is far more persistent than any other outside the cord. There can be no doubt of this, for that cross vein disappears only when the cord is shifted to the proximal end of cell ist M'^ and it is thereby put out of commission. The testimony of the figures in the plates given herewith is unmistakable as to this. A^ery rarely, as in Conosia [pi. 21, fig. 5], there is a shif!: of the cord distally, which brings the median cross vein more directly^ into the line of stress : in such a case it would never be lost. The forward shift of veins Cu^ and M^. The tendency of vein Cu^ to be deflected forward at its base and strongly joined to media has been noted in the preceding pages. The accompanying diagram [fig. 15] illustrates successive stages in the progress of that tend- Fig. 15 ency. All these are abundantly illustrated in the plates accompany- ing this paper, and one figure, that of Diotrepha [pi. 29, fig. 6], illus- trates a far more extreme case. By the means here shown the tip of the vein Cu^ comes to be attached directly upon the base of media and in direct line therewith, and it has been usually interpreted as a branch of the same. Ordinarily, this union is a strong one, and the deflected portion of Cu^ is one of the stoutest veins of the wing, as it is in many other Diptera. But among the crane flies are found ' It may be noted in passing that in the Lepidoptera an outward shift of stresses, somewhat like that shown in Conosia, has brought the median cross vein permanently into the cord, and the other proximal part of the first median fork has atrophied, leaving three cells, the so called first and second basal cells and the discal cell of the dipterous wing, to constitute togetljer, when their intervening boundaries are atrophied, the " discal cell " of the Lepidoptera. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 235 many aberrancies ; and there is one here in the little group of genera of more typical Eriopterini shown on plate 2T,. The upcreep of the tips of the two veins under discussion toward the apex of the wing has already been noted in an earlier place for its effect upon the development of the cell ist M^. It is also noteworthy for having relieved the deflected base of M^^., of its ordinary responsibility. That deflected portion in Mesocyphona tends to atrophy, and thereby to reduce the rearward extension of the cord. In like manner vein M^ is deflected upward just beyond its union with Cu^ and thereafter it tends to atrophy as in Dicranomyia, or to be reattached to vein ]\P+- in the manner already discussed, and more fully illustrated in the accompanying diagram [fig. 16]. If any one would comprehend what has happened to the median vein in the Tipulidae, let him study the wings of the plates carefully in comparison with this diagram, a is the hy- pothetical typical media, with the dotted lines in this and in all the following indicating the positions of the cross veins. b, c, d and e represent the Ptychopterid line of specialization. b is Macrochile, with the media reduced to three branches ; c is a hypothetical form introduced to account for the disappear- ance of the posterior division of the first median fork^. Material is lacking to fill this gap, and another interpreta- tion is possible : i. e. that, starting with a form somewhat like Megistocera [pi. 16, fig. 4] the median cross vein has been lost and the branches have regularly and progressively fused to- gether, ]\'P and M" completely, leaving these same two tips in Ptychoptera to be designated as M^+2 and M^. But the first interpretation is certainly admiss'ble, from the frequent tend- ency of M^ and M* to atrophy; and it is rendered much the ^ This makes two tips of media remaining in Ptychoptera M' and ikf". 236 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM more probable by reason of the fact that in the more generalized Ptychopteridae, Macrochile [pi. 4, fig. i], Tanyderus [pi. 4, fig. 2] and Idioplasta [pi. 5; fig. i], ]\P is strongly deflected toward the forward basal deflection of Cu^ and strongly attached thereto; and there is no reason for believing that this union, so important and constant a feature of the cord, once attained would again be lost in this series. This conclusion involves, however, a departure from the interpretation Professor Comstock has given for the branching of the median vein in Dixa and perhaps in other nematocera. Dixa is nearly enough allied to Ptychoptera so that I must hold the same interpretation for it. I would label the tips of its median vein as AP and j\I-, and not as AP+^ and J\P. But, I hope some day to have opportunity for studying other nema- tocera and establishing this matter by more abundant evidence. / in the diagram represents the condition of the median vein found in the fossil Rhabdinobrochus as figured by Scudder. It is fairly typical. And taken in connection with the apparent spur or rudiment of M^ shown in figure i of plate 17 has tempted me to depart from the interpretation given by Professor Com- stock in another more important particular, to change the designation M^ in all other crane flies to M'*. But a spur in a single wing is altogether insufBcient evidence for so sweeping a change. Furthermore, there is in certain Tipulinae^ a furrow traversing cell ist M^ and running outward to the margin which is chitinized along its margins; and it is not impossible that this chitin line may have been the extra vein figured by Scudder, although that would not be characteristic of his marked keenness of observation. I believe that further knowledge of crane flies, both recent and fossil, will prove whether four branches of a median vein are ever present, and if both M^ and M^ really occur, in what order and manner they have disappeared. The ordinary course of reduction of Media is further shown in the figure at h, i, j, k, I, none of which is hypothetical. In i, vein M^ is about equally supported at its base upon its de- flected base and the median cross vein, and when either support disappears, naturally it is the cross vein that disappears as a irule. But the exceptions are shown at m, n, 0 and p oi the diagram, in which the deflection at the base disappears, leaving ^It is shown particularly well in an undescribed Holorusia in my collec- tion from the Cameroons. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 237 M^ attached to M1+2 J^y the cross vein, and often remarkably simulating a real M^. After this shift, it may fuse with M^+2 as shown at n, or its base may recede to simulate a deepening fork, as in Mesocyphona [pi. 23, fig. 3] as at 0, and the base of Mi+2 may even be deflected upward to enter more strongly into the composition of the cord as at p, Amphineura [pi. 9, fig. 6]. There are some minor shifts of parts that occur sporadically; the foregoing are the general tendencies. Cell ist M^ is shifted very far inward in Lechria [pi. 9, fig. 5], very far outward in Oropeza [pi. 16, fig. 3] and Paratropeza [pi. 28, fig. 4]. The hind margin of the wing is beautifully scalloped in Dapanoptera [pi. 28, fig. 3]. There is a striking decurvature of veins at the tip in Libnotes [pi. 28, fig. 5, 6]. The base of the radial sector is strongly bent in Paratropeza [pi. 21, fig. 4], and more sharply, and with a most curious compensatory adjustment of R2+3 in Goniodineura, [pi. 28, fig. 2]. And there are endless other less striking peculi- arities of venation occurring here and there. Unlike the higher families of Diptera, no single major trend of venational speciali- zation is firmly established in the Tipulidae. There appear to be grotesque specializations as well as useful ones, and the best flyers are certainly not always those that have departed most widely from primitive conditions. Recently Professor Williston, while engaged in a well meant effort to rehabilitate the outgrown systems of nomenclature with which dipterologists have wrought confusion for several genera- tions\ has cited some wholly imaginary difficulties connected with Professor Comstock's interpretation of the venation of the Diptera. He thinks it may be the cubital vein that is three branched typically in Diptera,' instead of the median; but he gives no evidence 'tending to support such belief, and it is negatived by the existence of a distinct m-cu cross vein in many generalized Diptera [see pi. 4-7] and by the conditions found in other related orders. He further says that he does not at all agree with Comstock in the opinion that when the branches of the median vein undergo reduction, it is vein M^ that is longest preserved; but he gives not a scrap of evidence * Williston, S. W. Some comuwn errors in the nomenclature of the dip- terous zving. Psyche. 1906. 13:154-57. The reader is recommended to read this article, and also the remarks of Osten Sacken given by Skuse in Linn. See. N. S. Wales. Proc. (2) 5 :595--98, beginning with the words on p. 596 "It is a sore subject in Dipterology." Then if he desire further sensations, let him consult Heyden's illustrations of three Loewian systems for as many dififerent dipterous families given in Paleontographica, vol. 17, or let him read the section on venation in almost any work on systematic dipterology. 238 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Opposed to this interpretation or favoring any other. It seems clear that vein M^ occupies the more advantageous position; the hinder branches He in the field in which reduction proceeds fastest, and the stages of their disappearance are easily traced, as has been illustrated for the Tipulidae in the foregoing pages. Undoubtedly, in this family at least, AP is the most persistent of the branches of media. On page 155 he says, " If the fourth vein [M] is three branched and the discal cell [cell ist M-] present, the vein separating the discal from the second basal [cell M] is of course the first section of the proximal [posterior] branch of the fourth vein [M3] ; if- the fifth vein [Cu] is really the one that is three branched, then this vein, at the outer end of the second basal [cell M], is always a true cross vein, which it akvays is in the Comstock system zuhen the discal cell is absent/' The part of this statement italicized above is a complete and incomprehensible misstatement. Vein M^ in the Comstock system is always M^ never anything else, whether the cell ist M^ be closed or open. Moreover, cell ist M^ is merely the space in the basal part of the first fork of the median vein, whether it be delimited externally by a median cross vein or not. It does not depart for other fields when specializations occur about it, but stays in that fork. This is the difference between the Comstock system and the others — it has a morphological basis. It recognizes a difference between principal veins and branches of the same. It does not begin in the middle of the wing to enumerate veins after a few have been dismissed under a different sort of designation. It does not take as its standard of comparison the most specialized of wings with reduced venation. It deals primarily with the real structural entities' of the wings, the veins and cross veins, and not with the spaces that these leave vacant. And the " great cross vein " of Osten Sacken (the basal deflection of Cu^) will not be greatly helped by calling it some other kind of a cross vein, since it is not a cross vein at all. But neither the Loewian code of medieval terminology, nor the Schinerian version of it — neither as corrupted by Osten Sacken nor as purified by Williston — with its peregrinating posterior cells, its discal cell emitting veins to the hind margin, its cross veins great and small and mxisconceived, and its wearisome confusion of the simplest elements of the venation, needs that it should be criticized. What these are and whence they came and why they work as they do are self-evident. It were better to say of them that thjey have served their day and generation. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 239 Limnobini . Table of classification and larval habits of North American crane flies The numbers in parentheses indicate North American species of each genus. GENERA LARVAL HABITAT f Tanyderinae . . . Idioplasta (2). Unknown I f Bittacomorpha (3). In red rotten stuff in shoals PTYCHOPTERIDAE { r,. u ..t ■ 1 at head of ponds, etc. I Ptychoptennae j ptychoptera (3). On bottom in shallow, stag- l [ nant water ' Geranomyia (9) Rhipidia (7). In brook beds; "in excrement?" ) Discobola (2). Unknown 1 Dicranomyia (30). In wet, decaying wood; on alga-covered surfaces of wet wood , Limnobia (20). In decaying stumps, leaves, etc. Toxorrhina (3). Unknown Rhamphidia (2). Unknown Elephantomyia (2). Unknown Elliptera (i). Unknown Orimarga (i). Unknown Atarba (3). Unknown Dicranoptycha (4). Unknown Teucholabis (s). Unknown Antocha (i). In spring brook beds Cladura (2). Unknown Cryptolabis (2). Unknown Rhypholophus (20). In decaying leaves Erioptera (9). la water aid c.i chors Acyphona (^). Unknown Mesocyphona (15). Under decaying leaves, etc. Haplobasis (2). Uaknown Molophilus (8). In moist earth Gonomyia (8). In drift of stream beds Empeda (i). Unknown Helobia (i). In moist earth by streams Chionea (3). In moist earth Trimicra (i). In drift of stream beds Gnophomyia (3). Unknown Phyllolabis (3). Unknown Ulomorpha (i). Unknown Trichocera (9). In decaying matter in swamps Epiphragma (6). In decaying wood Limnophila (38). In moist earth Anisomera (i). In moist earth Eriocera (26). Unknown Penthoptera (i). Unknown Dicranota (3). In water: carnivorous Rhaphidolabis (3). In beds of spring brooks Plectromyia (i). Unknown Ula (2). In swamps Amalopis (11). Under decaying leaves Pedicia (4). In springs Ornithodes (i). Unknown , Polyangaeus (i). Unknown ICylindrotoma (4). On leaves of plants (Stel- laria. Anemone, Allium; green in color) Triogma (i). Unknown Liogma (i). Unknown Phalacrocera (i). In lesser waters on Fonti- nalis, etc.; green and brown f Dolichopeza (i). In or under moist mosses Oropeza (i). Unknown Xiphura (4). In decaying wood Ctenophora (5). In decaying wood Pachyrhina (41). In earth and rotten wood Stygeropsis (s) Holorusia (i). In mud Longurio (i). Unknown Tipula (148). In earth, in mud and in rotten wood Eriopterini Limnophili Anisomerini. Tipulinae. 240 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Classification of the Tipulidae or crane flies It has been one of the great pleasures of my brief study of the TipuHdae to note the broad and cathoHc spirit in which Baron Osten Sacken studied them and dealt with their classification. I do not always trust the characters he used, but he did not use them slav- ishly. He was always searching for further light, always open to conviction. I am encouraged to oft'er a few further notes on his several sections or tribes, by the following invitation contained in his monograph [p. 25] : " The more characters peculiar to each one of the sections we accumulate, the stronger we render the basis on which the classification is established, and the easier the solution we prepare for all future doubtful cases. In this respect a great deal yet remains to be done." The primary division of crane flies into two families, based originally and mainly on the profound differences in the larvae, finds its venational justification in the distinct behavior of the radial sector and the median vein, as illustrated in figures 14 and 15, and in the absence of a second anal vein in the Ptychopteridae and its presence in Tipulidae. Ptychopteridae The Tanyderinae are distinguished by the possession of the full complement of branches of the radial vein. They are in this respect the most generalized of Diptera. Idioplasta is our only representa- tive of the group, which, like many other archaic groups, finds its other representatives in the antipodes (Chili and Australian region), and in fossil remains. The Ptychopterinae have the radial sector reduced to three branches but with R'* and R^ remaining separate however, and they are further distinguished by the absence of Sc^, by a better de- veloped cord, by the brevity of the base of the radial se::tor, and by the sinuosity of Cu- — all marks of specialization. Tipulidae The Tipulinae are distinguished from other Tipulidae by the loss of Sc^, the skewing of R" forward, carrying the cross vein r often into a longitudinal position, and the slight tendency toward fusion of Cu^ with M^. Within this group the tribe Dolichopezinae ap- pears to be marked off by a tendency of the first fork of media to progress outward beyond the cross vein m-cu. I have seen too few representatives of the other tribes of this subfamily, but they are based on antennal characters; for which I have found no vena- tional counterparts. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 24I Limnobiinae. In this subfamily my material has been more abundant. The tribes appear to be founded too often on the pres- ence or absence of parts; and usually it is ngt the presence or absence of a part that is most significant, but the form it assumes when it is present. Some such characters, however, as spurs and empodia, which Osten Sacken conceived to be rudiments, of no con- sequence to their possessors he used with great confidence.^ Ordi- narily, these doubtless served him well, but I think they have led to a few incongruous associations of genera. The use of antennal characters hitherto has consisted mainly in the counting of their segments and is very superficial. Of venational characters, he dis- covered that the branching of the radial sector is much more con- stant than that of media, but clearly the number of branches of the sector and the amount of retraction of Sc^ — the characters of which he made most use — are characters of degree only, and like the waning spurs, and imperfect segmentation of antennae, are liable to prove unreliable at critical points. His grouping in sections are in the main natural assemblages, for he based them on keen scrutiny of all the characters he could discover. He was certainly wrong, however, in considering the Limnobiini a group of archaic forms [loc. cif. p. 75], for the reduction of branches of the radial sector, of segments in the antennae, and of spurs and empodia, are all departures from primitive conditions. The Cylindrotomini are distinguished from the other tribes or sections by a pronounced tendency of RS R^ and R^ to fuse together in one long straight vein tip. Rs is always two branched ; Sc^ never tends to recede toward the wing base independently, but the entire tip of Sc often atrophies. Media at its first fork is strongly skewed forward, so that Cu^ is in line with the median stalk, and when veins M^ and M^ are both present and separate, M^ tends to be strongly deflected upward at its base (a condition noticed elsewhere only in Penthoptera. The Limnophilini are a generalized group of Limnobiinae, and generally lack the special features of the other sections. Rs is three branched and typical for this subfamily. Sc is usually forked at its tip, except in the aberrant Podoneura and Trichocera. Media is three branched except in Ulomorpha and Phyllolabis [pi. 26, fig. 5] and a few species of Limnophila, and its first 1 See Osten Sacken. On the atavic index characters, with some remarks abput the classification of the Diptera, Berl, ent, Zeit. 1894, 39:69-76, 242 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM fork is usually more or less skewed forward, and the an- terior deflection of Cu^ generally meets the middle of cell I St M^. In a good many genera the first fork of the radial sector is skewed posteriorly, in opposition to that of media, thus widening cell R. Two aberrant genera Trichocera and Diazoma have the second anal vein short, the deflection of Cu^ meeting cell 1st M^ beyond, its middle and Sc^ far retracted. The degenerate Rhicnoptila has the cross vein r touching Rs unusually far forward and an aberrant t pe of branching of the sector, both characters seen elsewhere in Amalopis and Pedicia of the Pediciini. Phyllo- labis is aberrant also in its abbreviated subcosta, which ends before the origin of the radial sector, in its abbreviated R" and in its widening outward of cell ist M" — all characters found in Gono- myia.'' Podoneura is marked by its two branched second anal vein, the recession of the deflection of Cu^ a little distance within the first median fork, and the recession of Sc^ already mentioned. There are no highly specialized members of this tribe. Limno- p h i 1 a t o X o n e u r a O. S. [pi. i8, fig. 2] is fairly typical. The Pediciinae show a marked recession of Sc^ toward the wing base, and a straightening out of the cord. Both Rs and M have usually three branches, the former with the second fork deep and of variable type. Amalopis i n c o n s t a n s O. S. is exceedingly variable sometimes in its venation.^ But not everywhere and always, for I have been especially looking for variation and have collected this species both east and west in large numbers, and alas, all my specimens appear to be quite normal. This is the only species of Limnobiinae in which I have found the median cross vein touching M^ after its separation from AP [pi. 25, fig. i]. Dicranota Rhaphidolabis and Plectromyia are set apart by a behavior of the median vein that is just the opposite of that here- tofore noted for the Cylindrotomini. The base of it is in direct line with M^"^^, and M^ is offset on the posterior side. The Eriopterinae constitute a large assemblage of heterogeneous forms among which several distinct groups of genera are seen. The niedian vein is usually two branched (in Cladura three branched) and the sector is three branched. Molophilus and Conosia tend to depart from the typical Tipuline type of branching of the sector ' T believe Phyllolabis Doane should be associated with Gonomyia, but it it is net quite clear to me from the sti'dy of the venaticn alone jrst wh^-e Gonomyia should be located among the tribes. 2 Witness the figures of Johnson in Entomological News, 12:306, text fig. 1-6. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 243 as already explained in the part preceding; these also differ from all others of the tribe in that the first apparent fork of the sector is skewed upward and the second downward. The shifting of vein M^ upon the median cross vein after the atrophy of its own basal deflection occurs in Mesocyphona and Dasyptera (subgenus of Rhy- pholophus), in Gonomyia and Trimicra. Outside the tribe this oc- curs also in at least two species of Dicranomyia and in Elliptera and ThaumastopteraJ. Sc- shows all stages of progress in reces- sion from the tip, and Sc as a whole, and with it R^, tend to shorten in Gonomyia and its allies. There is a marked convergence toward the wing apex of the tips of most of the veins in the more typical Eriopterini. The Anisomerini constitute a little group that has been set apart on the reduced number of antennal segments (6-10). In venation it shows in the genus Anisomera marked range of variability in the number of branches of the median vein. The most marked venational peculiarity of tlie tribe seems to be the wide forking of the cubital vein at an unusually remote point, far outward toward the wing margin. Penthoptera, here figured for the first time, is perhaps as generalized as any member of the tribe. In all, the radial sector is three branched and typical, and Sc- remains near the tip of the vein. The Limnobiini have the radial sector reduced to two branches, and likewise, the median vein, and the cross vein 111 is preserved. There are a few^ freakish forms included, as plate 18 testifies, but in the main the tribe is one of the most homogeneous. As in Cylin- drotomini the median vein is strongly deflected forward at its first fork. The Antochini is the tribe that contains the extremes of most venational phenomena, the extreme recession of the deflected base of Cu^ and of the Media in Diotrepha, the extreme reduction of the radial sector in Toxorrhina, and of the angulation of the anal angle of the wing in Antocha etc. Many of the genera are loosely associated. Many further details of venation applying to groups of genera or to single genera will be found in the key which follows. I have prepared this key based on venation not because I think the vena- tion more important than other structures, but because it may be a means for the communication of some further data, and because I am convinced that some of the best systematic characters which venation offers have been hitherto untjsed. It should be borne in 244 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM mind in using this key, that I have seen but few species save those mentioned in my Hst or figured in the plates, and other species may exhibit characters different from those I attribute to the genus. Notwithstanding this, the things found in the species I have seen should be suggestive, and should add something to the final work- ing out of the system for this group. It is certain that a thorough- going study of the antennae, the mouth parts, the legs, or the appendages of the abdomen would likewise yield valuable results, also, the study of the immature stages, for which I am endeavoring to gather material for future use. Key to the North American genera of crane iiics (Based on venational characters) a Rs four branched, the posterior fork more deeply branched or, if but three branched, it is R' and R'^ that are fused. A single anal vein • PTYCHOPTERIDAE b Rs four branched, M three branched cord deeply indented by first fork of M ; 5"c2 and cross vein ?n present ; Idioplasta only. .TAN YDERINAE bb Rs three branched ; AP two branched ; cord not indented by the median fork, Sc2 and cross vein m absent PTYCHOPTERINAE c M two branched Ptychoptera cc M one branched Bittacomorpha aa Rs never four branched; when three branched it is Rt, and Ri that have fused (for a few apparent exceptions, all of which have the forks of nearly equal length, see p. ante). Two anal veins present (three in the fossil Cladoneura) TIPULIDAE b Scx wanting: R^ directed forward and reduced, or wanting: basal de- flection of Cmi never extensively fused with ilfa TIPULINAE'^ bb Sci usually present and joining the costa beyond Sc2, which often recedes toward the wing base: sometimes both tips are wanting. Cui usually extensively fused with M3 at its basal deflection, the cross vein in ni-cu being eliminated thereby LIMNOBIINAE c Ri, R2 and R3 extensively fused together from the tips backward in a long, straight vein ; M skewed forward at its first fork, its base being in line with the tip of Cu. Tips of Sc often rudimentary. Cross vein m never atrophied: Cylindrotomini d Ml and M2 separate at tips Cylindrotoma dd Ml and M2 fused to the wing margin e Cross vein m present f Antennal joints subcjdindric Liogma ff Antennal joints subglobular Triogma" ee Cross vein in eliminated by fusion of adjacent veins. Phalacrocera cc Ri, Ri and R^ not all fused together into a long, straight tip d Rs three branched a I am not sufficiently acquainted with the genera of this family to attempt a venational key for them. I know only those genera figured herewith and Tipula and Paphyrhina , Antennal characters seem to have furnished.the basis forjmo^t of the genej-a. l> Triogma I have not seen. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 245 e Sc-^ present and retracted far toward the base of the wing, it being anterior to the base of Rs; forks of Rs deep and variable; cord at the first fork of M : Pcdiciinae f M deflected posteriorly at its first fork, its base being in line with Mi-i-2. Cross vein m wanting; base of Rs shorter than the distance between the forks of Rs and Cu: (Dicranotae) g A supernumerary cross vein in cell Ri Dicranota gg No supernumerary cross vein in cell Ri h Ml and M2 separate at the tips Rhaphidolabis hh Ml and M2 fused to the wing margin Plectromyia // The first fork of M more symmetrical, A/i+z being considerably deflected forward at the first fork. Cross vein in usually present: (Pediciae) g Ml and M2 separate to the wing tip h With a supernumerary cross vein in the cell Cu, and others between the branches of Rs Polyangaeus hh No supernumerary cross vein in cell Cu i Basal deflection of Cui meets M after the forking of M j Wing tip straight, cord transverse Amalopis }j Wing tip decurved ; cord very oblique Pedicia a Basal deflection of Cui joins M before the forking of M Ornithodes gg Ml and M2 fused to the wing margin Ula ee Sc2 never retracted toward the wing base so far as the base of Rs; sometimes it is wanting / Cu2 longer than the deflected base of Cui (antennae 13-16 jointed) Limnophilini and Erioptcrini g M three branched /} Cui and Mi fused for a long space, and separating in a symmetrical fork beyond the fusion ; cross vein in wanting Polymera hh Fusion of Cu and Ms. moderate, and Ms deflected forward just beyond it; cross vein m usually present i Basal deflection of Cui meets Ms at or before the middle of cell 1st M2; 2d A long; Sc forked near its tip / A supernumerary cross vein present in cell C Epiphragma jj No supernumerary cross vein in cell C k R3 deflected downward at the second fork of Rs Cladura kk Second fork of Rs symmetrical, or R^ deflected up- ward at its base Limnophila a Basal deflection of Cui meets M3 just beyond the middle of cell 1st M2; 2d A short and recurved ; Sc2 far retracted— almost to the base of Rs Trichocera gg M two branched h Area at front of Rs undergoing reduction ; R- returned for- ward and shorter than the fused portion of /?2+« / gubposts shprt; its tip before the base of 7?,y. .,.Gonomyia' 246 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ii Sc longer, considerabl}- surpassing the base of Rs ; cross vejn r present Empeda Iili R2 longer than the fused portion of i?2+3 / Rs greatly shortened and angulate at its first fork, forming a V-shaped support for the front end of the cord Cryptolabis ii Rs normal y Second fork of Rs shifted to the posterior side Molophilus jj Second fork of sector, anterior and normal in position k A supernumerary cross vein present in the cell R2; sd A strongly bisinuate Helobia kk No supernumerary cross vein in cell Ri; 2d A not strongly bisinuate / The tips of the cubital vein showing a tendency to turn toward the apex of the wing VI Cross vein m present, and situate nearer to the wing margin than to the fork of M, inclosing an unusually long cell ist M2 n Outer border of cell ist M2 sinuate. .Acyphona nn Outer border of cell ist Mi broken by a re- entrant angle from which springs a spur or a cross vein Haplobasis vuii Either the base of Mz or the cross vein M absent, leaving the cell ist Ah open ex- ternally n The cross vein vi absent ; anal veins conver- gent toward their tips Erioptera nn Base of Mz absent, its tip transferred to the support of cross vein i)i ; anal veins not convergent at their tips Mesocyphona // The tips of the cubital vein in their normal posi- tion, turned away from the wing apex VI The sides of cell ist M- parallel : the tip of R2 more or less decurved 11 The first fork of Rs skewed forward Gnophomyia nil The first fork Rs symmetrical Limnophila in part and Ulomorpha linn The sides of cell ist M2 more or less divergent to its outer end ; tip of R2 straight, or slightly recurved n The deflected base of Cui meets vein M, a con- siderable distance before its fork. The second fork of Rs skewed forward Trimicra nn The deflected base of Cui meets vein M after or quite close to its fork ; the second fork of Rs symmetrical Rhypholophus « Also Phyllolabis Doane, which appears to be indistinguishable by its venation from Gonomyia; this is the only Phyllolabis known to me. i^^ .^ _ REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 247 ff Posterior end of the cord pushed outward toward the wing margin, making the basal deflected part of Cmi longer than Cui Anisonierini g Sc-. longer than Sci ; second fork of 11 unsymmetrical, Mi at base being deflected forward Penthoptera gg Sci longer than Sc-; second fork of the median vein when present nearly or quite symmetrical h Median vein two to three branched; R2 longer than the fused part of i?i^2 Eriocera Jih Median vein reduced to a single branch; R-. shorter than the fused part of i?,^2 Anisomera dd Rs two branched Limnobiini and Antochini e Sc present; Rs arcuated at its origin / Fork of Rs skewed downward, its base in line with R2-\.3 g Cell 1st il/2 or equivalent space widened distally; tip of i?2-|-3 curved forward h Tips of veins Rij^^ and Mi^^ arcuated and parallel, but not approximated Teucholabis Ml Tips of veins Rtj^-^ and il/i_|_2 distinctly approximated Dicranomyia in part Vsee pi. 17, fig. 4] gg Tip of 7?2-)-3 straight; cell ist il/2 open h Cell M much shorter than cell R; cross vein in absent Orimarga hh Cell M as long as cell R; base of Ma atrophied, leaving that vein supported in the reflexed cross vein m. .EUiptera // Fork of Rs symmetrical, or nearly so g Cross vein r wanting; Rx quite separate from 7?2-f3 h 7?2+3 straight and strongly divergent from i?4+5; cross vein r-m reduced by fusion of adjacent veins Rhamphidia hh 7?2+3 usually arched more or less; not strongly divergent from i?4-f-5 i Basal angulation of vein il/,_^2 where it touches the cross vein r-m, acute; Sc- at tip of Sc; basal angulation of Cui at the middle of cell ist AU Elephantomyia a Basal angulation of vein Mi-^2 where it touches cross vein r-)ii, very obtuse; Sc2 considerably before the apex of Sci] Cui joins the median vein at or near its fork Atarba gg Cross vein r present, sometimes attached upon the tip of Ri h A supernumerary cross vein present between the two anal veins in their middle portion Discobola hh No such supernumerary cross vein i A well marked furrow springing from the middle of ist A extends toward the tip of C"»2 Dicranoptycha a Furrow not so situated, but closer to Cu 248 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Limnobia, Geranomyia, Dicranomyia in part and Rhipidia." ee Sc atrophied, Rs long and straight to its origin / Rs two branched; cross veins r and m present, Cu and 7^; A not fused beyond the base, wing widest just before the cord Antocha if Rs unbranched: cross veins r and m wanting. Cu and ist A fused for a long distance at base, wing widest just beyond the cord Toxorrhina a I find no venational characters that will separate this group of genera. Rhipidia is well distinguished by the iDossession of pectinated antennae in the male; Geranomyia, by the possession of a rostrum as long as the body; and while the length of Sc has been used to separate Limnobia from Dicranomyia. it is not a sure criterion, for all sorts of inter- gradations occur. In the former Sc is rarely reduced as far as the base of Rs, and in the latter Sc rarely extends a little beyond the base of Rs. Clearly Dicranomyia is poly- morphic, as this key indicates, and as has before been pointed out in my discussion of D. cinerea Doane. Perhaps it has oecome a little more so now by my addition to it of ?D. whartoni. This soecies has nothing to do with D. cinerea, but represent (after D. longipennis O. S.) the extreme of vein reduction along another line. APPENDAGES OF THE SECOND ABDOMINAL SEG- MENT OF MALE DRAGON FLIES (ORDER ODONATA) BY OLIVER S. THOMPSON The appendages of the abdomen in male dragon flies are of two sorts : those at the end of the abdomen, that are used for capturing the female and leading or guiding her about, and those on or adjacent to the sternum of the second segment, that are used for copulation. The former are probably of more ancient origin; the latter, more recently and secondarily ac- quired. The former are capable of being homologized with like parts in other orders of insects; the latter are not, being pe- culiar to dragon flies. Both are of much use in the recognition of species, for the ultimate specific differentiations are oftenest found in these parts. The occurrence of organs for copulation upon the body at points remote from the orifices of the sperm ducts is, of course, well known in spiders, cephalopods, etc., and the origin of these parts is always shrouded in mystery. In none would the begin- nings be more difficult of explanation than in the Odonata. Here the sperm ducts open on the ventral side of the 9th ab- dominal segment : the copulatory apparatus is on the ventral side of the 2d and 3d segments. Previous to copulation, the abdomen is bent upon itself until the sperm orifice is brought into contact with the sperm vesicle situated at the front of the sternum of the 3d abdominal segment, and the vesicle is charged with spermatozoa. The terminal abdominal appendages of the male are used to seize the female. They grasp her by the head or by the prothora:x, and by ventral flexion of the abdo- men, swing her into an inverted position, so that her genital orifice, situated on the ventral side of the 8th abdominal seg- ment, may be brought into contact, not with that of the male, but with the accessory apparatus developed upon the 2d abdominal segment of the male. Thus the sperm is trans- ferred. It is a rather remarkable process : how it started al- most surpasses imagining. 249 250 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM But we are here concerned only with giving a simple ac- count of what this accessory genital apparatus, developed upon the 2d and 3d abdominal segments of the male, consists of, and how it compares in different genera of dragon flies. As already stated, the receptacle for the sperm is the vesicle, situated at the front of the sternum of the 3d segment in the median line, and visible externally as a rounded prominence. The organ for the transference of the contents of the vesicle to the bursa copulatrix of the female is a median, unpaired, jointed and retractile intromittent organ, the penis. This is situated directly in front of the vesicle, on the sternum of the second segment, and is more or less directly connected with the vesicle. Vesicle and penis are the direct agents of sperm Fig. 17 Male abdominal appendages of the dragon fly E don is helena Ndm. i, z, 3 the three basal abdominal segments and their appendages, inverted and viewed from the side; v vesicle; gl genital lobe; h hamule; al anterior lamina, in both lateral and ventral views; t tip of the abdomen less enlarged, segments 7 to lo, and appendages transference : but there are other parts accessory to their function. Beside the penis are one or two pairs of hamules, that assist in maintaining proper positions in copulation. Before the penis there rises from the sternum of the 2d segment a more or less prominent, chitinized, concave arching plate, the sheath of the penis, doubtless with a protective function. All these, and other parts yet to be mentioned, are developments from the sternum : and in the family Libel- lulidae, the tergum also contributes by the development of the well known "genital lobes" from its posterolateral angles of the 2d segment. These parts are externally visible. Their general appearance is shown in figure 5, in a case in which but a single pair of hamules is developed. It will be seen that these parts cover only the posterior part of the sternum of the 2d segment, and a bit of the front of the sternum of the 3d segment. It was doubtless in the hollow between these two segments, in the reentrant angle REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 251 formed by the infolding of the thin connective there, that the primitive receptacle for the sperm mass, whatever may have been its nature, found its origin. The posterior part of the sternum of the 3d segment is little affected, and the anterior part of that of the 2d segment forms the well known, usually flat, " anterior lamina." If the sternum of each abdominal segment consisted originally of two parts, sternum and sternellum, anteriorly and pos- teriorly situated, the penis and hamules and their supporting struc- ture may be supposed to have developed upon the sternellum of the 2d segment, while the anterior lamina represents the anterior division, the sternum of that segment. Figure 18 is a diagrammatic representation of the relations of tl.e appendages to the sterna of the first three abdominal segments (i, 2 and 3). (a) is a general sketch of segment 2 with pp.rts of I and 3. Segment 2 is divided into st sternum / 1 9 stl i 3 and stl sternellum. This sketch is merely to aid in the location of the complicated parts of the following figures. The second figure {b) shows the relation of the genital structures in the Libel- lulidae. On segment i no very prominent structures are noted. Small pits are to be seen just anterior to segment 2. Such pits are found among the Anisoptera and in the Zygoptera, not only on seg- ment 2 but also on segment 3. On segment 2 we have at t the anterior lamina, at m the anterior portion of the framework which supports the sheath of the penis in Anisoptera and the penis itself in Zygoptera. This part of the framework is firmly at- tached to and apparently developed from the under side of the anterior lamina, s is the sheath of the penis resting on the framework below. /? is one of tlie single pair of hamules here developed, attached anteriorly to the framework in, posteriorly to the ends of the U-bar s. Between and joining these ends of s there is only a line of chitin n here. This latter is much better de- 252 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM veloped in the two following cases. 0 is the conjoined penis and seminal vesicle, developed on the anterior portion of segment 3. These conditions are typical of the Libellulidae. Genital lobes, not indicated in this figure (but shown at gl in figure 17), are characteristic of this family. These occur just outside the hamules and in most cases are well chitinized and hairy. They are lobelike continuations of the tergite of segment 2. The penis found attached to the vesicle on segment 3 in this sub- order extends much further on segment 2, but the sketch was made to present as clearly as possible the relations of all the structures and were the penis in its exact place, several other structures would be hidden. In the next figure (c) Ave show conditions representative of parts as found in family Aeschnidae, differing only in degree from those found in the Libellulidae. Here the anterior lamina {t) is cleft in the middle to accommodate the ovipositor pos- sessed by the female in this family, which is directed forward in copulation. At the hind angles of the anterior lamina there is developed another pair of hamules, the anterior ones, clearly marked and extending posteriorly to meet and cover the sup- porting framework m. Where these first hamules are not clearly developed, there is found in all cases a marked develop- ment of the anterior lamina and in most cases a tendency toward the formation of the anterior hamules. For example, in Gomphaeschna one pair, the posterior, hamules are found. But seemingly to compensate for what is attained by the de- velopment of a second pair, the anterior lamina is highly dif- ferentiated, the sheath of the penis is barbed and peculiar lobes are developed on the seminal vesicle which seem to function somewhat like the genital lobes of the Libellulidae. Where genital lobes are well developed, two pair of hamules do not appear. At .y is shown a well developed sheath entirely corresponding in position with that of the former figure, only more specialized. This sheath is supported by a framework only a little more com- plicated than the framework among the Libellulidae, more chitinized in every point and especially marked in the better development of the posterior portion n which is only a line in figure {h). It is easily seen that the framework is homologous with that of the REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 253 Libellulidae. h is situated between the first and second hamules. It is my opinion that the first pair of hamules are developments of the posterior and outer sides of the anterior lamina, while the sec- ond pair are the terminations of the posterior portion of the frame- work which swings around close to segment 3 in this figure. This point is discussed, more fully, later. 0 shows the penis and seminal vesicle developed on segment 3. The next figure {d) is a sketch representing the relation of parts typical for the entire suborder Zygoptera. The most apparent difference between this and the two figures explained above is in the location of the penis, p this being on the 2d segment here, and seemingly in an exactly homologous po- sition to that of the sheath of Anisoptera. The supporting framework is constructed on the same plan as that of Anisoptera, m being the anterior portion which passes under the penis and also under the lobes of the anterior lamina and n the posterior portion intimately associated with the hamules h. Only one pair of hamules is noted; however, associated with this fact, one must notice the remarkable development of the posterior portion of the anterior lamina of which the lobed portions divided well back, appear like a second pair of hamules, and no doubt so function, while the smaller chitinized structure between the lobes of the lamina and just anterior to and over the penis, formed by an infolding of the under side of the anterior lamina, appears analogous in position to -the sheath of the penis in the other suborder. The vesicle 0 is clearly marked on segment 3. Ontogeny These peculiar structures develop in late nymphal life. They originate out of folds and thickenings of the epidermis, formed chiefly during the last nymphal stage beneath the chitinized cuticle. By a careful removal of the cuticle, the underlying parts may be exposed to view while still in a very rudimentary condition. Figure 19 (in) represents the 2d segment of a nymph of L i b e 1 1 u 1 a p u 1 c h e 1 1 a in the last nymphal stage in the ventral view with the cuticle removed, and a cross-section of the same is shown at {n). In (;n), / is the anterior lamina; k, 254 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM -..r^ the sheath of the penis with indications of the posterior por- tion of its framework at g; h, the single pair of hamules de- veloping upon the anterior portion of the framework g, and on segment 3, the penis and vesicle are clearly indicated. The posterior lobe is the vesicle while the anterior lobe is the penis which extends well upon segment 2 in the imago. -^ J - The cross-section (n) made through these parts at the level of the hamules, shows |r the extent of the ventral pocket that is */; m formed by the overgrowth of the hamules h. It shows also at the thickened angles " either side of i, the points where the thick- ened margins of the sheath are forming. The external indications of the struct- ures developing in nymphs on segment 2 are shown in figure 20; (.r) represents those of Zygoptera, (3') those of Libel- lulidae and (;:) those of Gomphidae. n in each case represents the anterior lamina, p the penis in Lestes while 0 indicates the penis and vesicle in the case of Libellula and Ophiogomphus and u the vesicle alone in Zygoptera. In Lestes, the representative of the suborder Zygoptera, one may note that the anterior lamina has already approximated the form found in the imago. The two rounded structures, one on either side of the penis, are the two lobes of the well Fig. X y % Fig. 20 divided lamina found in this suborder, u is the vesicle on segment 3, not so large as the vesicle appears in the Anisop- tera because of the fact that on segment 3 in the Anisoptera we not only find the vesicle but the penis closely joined to it. The space posterior to n in Libellulidae (y) figure 20 is no doubt the place occupied by the fully developed penis and sheath, now unable to be seen through the chitin. In the more REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 255 specialized Libcllulinae there are scarcely any indications of these parts in the nymph externally visible, but they are easily recognized in most Corduline nymphs. In (s) two structures are noted meeting in a median line and apparently a part of the lamina anterior to them. These structures are the evidences of the strongly developed first pair of hamules which come from the posterior portion of the an- terior lamina. Comparisons of this figure with the imago will bear out this conclusion. Comparative anatomy of adult forms Let us now proceed to a more careful examination of these parts and their relations in the several major groups of Odonata, beginning with a generalized representative of the Libellulinae. Figure 21 represents the conditions found in Peri- v_ y tbemis. The anterior lamina here (figure 21 ) / ; is sim- 1/k^"^ L- pie in structure and has already been described, special M}f\f\ attention being called to the notches at the sides, and to ^^-^^^==3^^^ the lateral divisions marked k, for these indicate the Fig. 21 source of the anterior pair of hamules. The haniule // is attached anteriorly to the portion of the framework which passes forward under the anterior lamina, as well as to v which here is only a line of chitin passing posteriorly to the sheath j. This line of chitin is to be found in all other forms in both suborders and it seems to be a part conjoining the rear ends of the second pair of hamules. Wherever the hamules are well developed, this line of chitin is well developed, as will be shown farther on. .? is the sheath of the penis which is transparent and poorly chitinized, another characteristic of this family. This sheath is attached at two points to the line v connecting the hamules, as well as to the anterior portion of the U-bar where it begins to curve upwards. In Nannothemis, Perithemis and Celithemis these condi- tions were found to be approximately the same. In the last was found the least chitinized condition of the portion of the frame- work marked v connecting hamules or either side of the sheath. In all other forms examined it was well developed and in some it was very thick and strong. As far as complexity or specialization of parts is concerned, the author concludes that 256 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM L Fig. here we have the least specialized external genital parts, how- ever, all structures here present are found in both suborders and in all are easily homologized with those in Perithemis. In figure 22 three variations, found in other families of Anisop- tera, in the structure of the supporting framework are shown, X from Ophiogomphus, 3' from Epiaeschna and ^ from Gom- phoides. If one compares these with Perithemis, figure 20, it may be easily seen that all are constructed on the same general form. Ophiogom- phus (.r) shows perhaps the most complex condition owing to the new lines of chitin at u. Letter e refers to that bar of chitin which is produced under the anterior lamina and passes posteriorly directly under the base of the sheath j- in each case. The sheath here and in the following figures is much more chitinized and in every way better developed. In Epiaeschna (y) the posterior por- tion .of the framework is extremely chitinized and enlarged over that of Perithemis. The hamules are very large with a correspond- ing enlargement of the framework to which they are attached. The two bars passing on each side of the sheath and below it correspond of course to e in (x). As far as the support of the sheath is concerned, this seems to represent a transition between (x) with the lines at u fully developed and (s) with the indications of such lines entirely lacking. One can easily note in (y) the stumps of processes which are homologous, as far as they go, to lines u in (x). Perhaps the spatial relations of these complicated parts will be better shown by a diagram of the median plane. Figure 23 presents a sagittal section of the inverted ventral part of the 2d segment in both suborders, with homologies indicated as far as possible. These are views from the interior, (m) being rhe inside view of Zygoptera and (11) that of Anisoptera. In (m) the anterior lamina is marked /. It passes poste- riorly just over the anterior portion of the framework which is just below the penis at e. The under side of the lamina is REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 257 marked by two peculiar folds, one attached directly to the lobe at a and the other forming what appears as a sheath x for the penis p. Attention was called to this particular structure in figure 18 (d). It is suggested that perhaps the large posterior lobe of the lamina indicated at a may function as a hamule, like the first pair of hamules present in many of the Anisoptera. Letter e shows the anterior portion of the framework which is connected with V the posterior portion at h or the hamule. The penis is supported directly by e and in a position exactly corresponding to the sheath in Anisop- tera. Only its base is shown, with the recurved tip cut off. / shows a line just back of the hamule h ap- parently separating the hamule and ^'^- ^^ the posterior portion of framework v from e the anterior portion. trT (n) one may note the condition found in the Anisoptera. The well developed hamule h resting on the framework with its prominent hooked end extended posteriorly. The second h refers to another structure developing from the anterior lamina / and functioning where well developed as the first or anterior pair of hamules. .? is the sheath for the penis (penis not shown in the figure: it is attached to segment 3 but extends forward well over segment 2.) ^ is a structure peculiar to the Libel- lulidae, already referred to as the genital lobe and no doubt func- tioning in copulation. The greatest difference to be noted in these two figures is in the location of the penis. In Zygoptera we find it on seg- ment 2 and in the exact position occupied by the sheath in Anisoptera. Let us now turn to the anterior portion of the second abdom- inal sternite. In figure 24 there are several anterior laminae of Anisoptera, each showing quite clearly that portion of the lamina which the waiter holds has developed into the anterior pair of hamules. In (a) the anterior lamina of Didymops is shown. / is the lamina, with h the highly chitinized first pair of hamules well developed and slightly reflexed on their edges, no doubt a de- 9 258 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM velopment assisting in copulation. They are also well covered with hairs on their interior surfaces. In (b) the very well devel- oped anterior hamules of G o m p h o i d e s stigma- t u s are shown. Here they extend well forward under the sides of the anterior lamina which is indicated at /. One should note in this figure how far anteriorly these first hamules pass and that they are an integral part of the anterior lamina. In (r) the lamina and hamules of Gomphidia are shown. These first hamules are thickly chitinized and have a raised edge near the tip, sharp and well covered with hairs. Figure 24 d shows a sagittal section of these structures to farther indicate the point of origin of these hamules from the sides of the anterior lamina. / here shows the lamina, hairy and chitinized, while h is the hamule with its origin well under the lamina. Figure 24 c is one of the most peculiar and highly special- ized anterior laminae met by the writer. This was found in B o y e r i a i r e n e ; h shows the hamule separated from the lamina / by lines which pass just posterior and under the peculiar lobes 111 of the lamina. It is a chitinized structure, specially on its inner side where is formed the peculiar notched edge and the pointed concave structure lying between the posterior portions of the anterior lamina. The lamina itself is almost divided to its an- terior end and possesses two well developed fingcrlike lobes 111 covered at the ends with hairs. It would be interesting to compare any peculiarities of the female structures that might farther eluci- date this peculiar lamina and hamule. In figure 25 at (c) is shown the anterior lamina typical of the suborder Zygoptera. This is a sketch of the lamina of Calop- teryx. The lamina is well divided above into two parts marked 0 with their posterior ends y lobed and producing on their under surfaces the structures marked z' and x. The latter ex- REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 259 tends posteriorly under the lobes y and appears at the point marked zv. This structure lies in Zygoptera in a position ex- actly corresponding, so far as the penis is concerned, to some of the sheaths of Anisoptera and evidently it has a similar func- tion. It is chitinized above and lies over and anterior to the reflexed penis. The posterior lobes of the anterior lamina no doubt function like the first pair of haniules in x\nisoptera. z shows a pit, a small hole, found in this segment as well as in segments i and 3 in a great many instances among both suborders. Figure 25 a, h, d and e shows also some of the different lobes of the anterior lamina common to the Zygoptera. {e) is from Argia, {d) from Nehallennia, {b) from Lestes and (a) from Anisopleura. Returning now to the parts developed from the rear of the sternum of the 2d abdominal segment (the sternellum), let us further consider the development of parts immediately adjacenr to the penis, the protecting sheath and the hamules. The very remarkable structure of the penis itself has been de- tailed and figured by Hagen in Monographic dcs Gomphincs, and elsewhere. The tips of the hamules have been figured for many forms by many authors, but the forms and relations as- sumed by the penis sheath have scarcely been noticed hitherto. In figures 26 and 27 are shown two series of forms of the penis sheath, illustrating the comparative development of two differ- ent types of sheaths found among the Anisoptera. Figure 26 p is one of the simplest sheaths found. It is a flat, translucent sheath, thin, excepting the edges, lying in a horizontal position below the penis, x shows the portion of 26o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM the supporting framework heretofore described. This is the sheath of one of the LibeUuHdae, Nannothcmis. q and r show the same type of sheath a little more chitinized and much more reflexed up and over the penis, s is from Didymops and shows a transitional condition between'those preceding and those following. Here the sheath is fiat but chiti- nized entirely and reflexed more over the penis, t and u show the highest specialization of sheaths of this type — thick, chitinized, in- terior surface flattened, and much reflexed for the reception of the penis. These were found among Aeschnidae. These sheaths of Cordulegaster and Tachopteryx are stifif, hard, black structures. They are supported by the framework the same as that indi- cated at X for Nannothemis. Figure 2y shows a more highly specialized type than in figure 26. This form of sheath seems to be better fitted to fulfil its function than the former type and in fact each sheath here is a very concave, hollow receptacle for the penis. p is the sheath of Gomphus, a very well chitinized structure with a fairly deep cavity for the reception of the penis, indi- cated by a cross-section of its deepest portion. x indicates the position of the underlying Fia ^7 framework, q is the sheath of Gomphaeschna, one of a slightly different form in that the cross-section of its deepest part presents a wedge-shaped cavity. The other letters r, jr and t represent other forms constructed on the same general plan as that of Gomphaeschna. In figure 28 the relative development of the hamules in the Anisoptera is shown, special attention being called to the de- velopment of the first or anterior hamule from the lamina. This is a series beginning with C o r d u 1 i a s h u r 1 1 e f f i and ending with Ophiogomphus. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ 261 111 ( k) is a sagittal section from the 2(1 segment of Cordulia with Ihc foll(-)\ving structures noted, the letters of which indicate the same structures as in the other figures, r is a portion of one side of the posterior portion of the framework heretofore described, which is always intimately associated with the posterior hamules. Where the hamules are well chitinized and developed, this part of the frame is correspondingly developed. The hamules appear in some cases to be spread along posteriorly on this frame- work, adding to its thickness. It can be followed easily in all the figures. / is one of the posterior pair of hamules. This hamule in all figures here shown is well developed and in some cases very decidedly hooked at its upper point, g is the anterior portion of the framework which passes beneath the anterior lamina where we find but one pair of hamules, and in this figure, and those following, it passes below and posterior to the first pair of hamules derived from the an- terior lamina. This portion of the framework is the direct support of the penis in Zygoptera and of the sheath in Anisoptera. h is the first pair of hamules developing just before g from the posterior edge of the anterior lamina. The lamina is shown at i covered with hairs on its posterior and ventral surfaces. The first hamule h is not well developed ; however, it is so far formed that one can easily homologize it with those more fully developed in any of the following figures. In (/), a sagittal section of Didymops, is shown a farther and decided development of the first hamule marked h in the figure above it. The other structures are similarly placed and easily seen to be homologous. In (;//) a very marked development of the first hamule is seen, it being, in this case, almost as large as the second hamule. In (;/), Tachopteryx, is to be noted the beginning of the lobed condition of the first hamule so well shown in (o), Ophiogomphus. In other respects, the parts are similar and similarly placed to those of the preceding figures. In (o) is pre- sented, perhaps the most extreme development in the way of 2.62. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUAI hanuilcs. Both the first and the second are remarkably lubed, hairy and chitinized. The first has reached the extreme in regard to its bilobed condition. The second hamule has a sharp, strong prong pointing anteriorly or in the opposite di- rection to the lobes of the first pair. Tiie anterior lamina is plainly seen anterior to the hamules with the framework in the same position as in other forms. We may, I think, assume here that these figures represent a developmental series in respect to the production of the first pair of hamules. Recapitulation of the important points in. the foregoing paper : 1 In .Anisoptera the penis is found upon the 3d abdominal seg- ment, while in Zygoptera it is found on the 2d. It seems probable that the penis in Zygoptera is developed from the 2d segment, while that in Anisoptera is developed from the 3d and extended upon the 2(1. However, evidence from embryology is needed here. 2 The supporting framework in both suborders is built on the same plan. 3 The situation of the posterior or second pair of hamules is homologous in th.e suborders, as Avell as the situation of the seminal vesicle. 4 In Zygoptera only one pair, the posterior, of hamules is found unless we assume that the peculiarly developed posterior lobes of the anterior lamina here, are to be taken as hamules. 5 No sheath of the penis is found in Zygoptera homologous in position to that of Anisoptera, but we may assume that the chitinized structure between the posterior lobes of the anterior lamina serves the same function as the sheath in Anisoptera, because of its location before and over the penis. 6 The sheath in Anisoptera and the penis in Zygoptera are in homologous positions, that is, directly upon the anterior por- tion of the framework which passes across below them. 7 Evidence seems to show that the anterior lamina, first pair of hamules and the anterior portion of the framework, that is, the part extending under, and attached to the lower surface of the anterior lamina, are developments of the sternum, while all other structures on segment 2d come from the sternellum. 8 The Libellulinae among the Anisoptera seem to show the least specialized male genital apparatus, while it is dii^cult to settle which is so among the Zygoptera. The extreme in specialization of these parts is perhaps found among the Gomphidae. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 263 9 The anterior or first pair of hamnles in the phylogenetic series show themselves to be developments of the anterior lamina. 10 Among the Libellulinae two pairs of hamules are not found, but as compensatory organs the genital lobes are very well developed. (lenital lobes are not found where the first or anterior pair of hamules is well developed. 11 Among- the Anisoptera, the Aeschnidac and the Gom- phidae have a very highly specialized condition of the 26. seg- ment while the Libellulidae represent the other extreme. The Cordulegasteridae seem to be transitional in some respects be- tween the two. Bibliography 1742 Reamur, R. A. F. Hist, dcs Insects Tome 6, p. 387-456 1839 Burmeister, H. C. C. Handb. der Entomrlrgie 2:807-8 1857 de Selys Longchamps, E. & Hagen, H. A. Monographic des Gomphines 1868 Brandt, A. Beitrage zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Libelluliden und Hemipteren mit besonderen Beriicksichtigung der Embry- onalhiille derselben. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. de St Petersb. 7, Serie Tome 13, No. i 1883 Packard, A. S. Syst. Position of the Orthoptera in Relation to ctlier Orders of Insects, U. S. Ent. Com. 3d Rep't, p. 286-345, pl- 23-64 1893 Ingenitzky, J. Zur Kenntnis der Begattungsorgane der Libelluli- den, Zool. Au7. 16, Jahrg. No. 432, p. 405-7 1S93 Calvert, P. P. Catalog of Odonata, Vic. of Philadelphia with introduction to the study of the group. Am. Ent. Soc. Trans. 20: 152-272, 2 pl. 1896 Goddard, M. F. On tlie second abdominal segment in a few Libellulidae. .A.mcr. Sec. Phila. Prrc. 35 :205-i2, 2 pl. 1896 Heymons, R. Grundziige der Enwickhmg und des Korperbaues von Odonaten und Ephemeriden. Anh. zu den Abb. der Konigl. Preuss. Akad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, p. 26-44 1899 Williamson, E. B. Additions to Indiana list of Dragon flies with a few notes. Ind. Acad. Sci. Proc. No. II, p. 125 1902 Comstock, J. H. and Kochi, C. The Skeleton of the Head of Insects. Am. Nat. Vol. 36: No. 421. 1903 Handlirsch, A. Zur Morphologic des Hinterleibes rier Odonaten. Annal. des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 18:119-22. 1904 Heymons, R. Die Hinterleibsanhange der Libellen und ihrer Lar- ven. Anna), des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 19:21-58. 1904 Handlirsch, A. Bemerkungen zu der Arbeit des Herrn Prof. Dr Heymons uber die Abdominalauhange der Libellen. Annal. des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, Bd. 19 NOTi:. Eigurcs of the appendages herein discussed will be found in the systematic papers of Calvert, Eorster, Hagen, Kirliy, INTartin, Need- ham, Ris, Williamson and other writers on Odonata. NEW NORTH AMERICAN CHIRONOMIDAE OSKAR AUGUSTUS JOHANNSEN Since the publication of the paper on Chironomidae in the New York State Museum Bulletin 86 (Entomology 23), 1905^ there have appeared several papers on this family of flies in which some changes in classification are proposed, making it desirable to give a review of this work. The most important of these papers is J. J. Kieffer's Chironomidae in Genera Insectorum, 42me Fascicule, 1906, in which several of the older genera have been subdivided. The necessary changes to bring the key of Bui. 86 (page 89) down to date are given on pages 264 and 270 of this report. Subfamily ceratopogoninae Group Ceratopogon, Bui. 86, p. 92, line 25 i Last tarsal joint with empodium, either distinct or developed pulvilli- form, wings usually hairy, femora without spines, tarsal claws equal j Empodium well developed, almost as long as the claws, these without setae Ceratopogon' ;;' Empodium not so distinct, less than half as long as the claws, the latter with setae at the base, hind metatarsus always longer than the following joint, wings often spotted or mottled (Occacta Poey is probably a synonym) Culicoides n Last tarsal joint without empodium, wings usually bare ;. Wing with R^ distinctly separated from the posterior branch of the radius and not connected with it by the cross vein like Rj-|_3. Bezzia' jj Wing with R2-)-3 present, crossvcin like k Media simple Brachypogon kk Media with two branches / Femora without stout spines on the underside Johannseniella Williston // Some or all femora spincsc beneath VI Neither fore nor hind femora much thickened Palpomyia mm Either fore or hind femora thickened ;; Fore femora thickened Hetefomyia 1111 Hind femora thickened Serromyia ' All reference to this bulletin will be given in this papsr as "Bui. 86." 2 If the names published in the earliest work of Meigsn (x8oo) are accepted by ento- mologists then Tendtpes. Pclopia, and Helta will replace respectively Chironomus, Tany- pus, and Ceratopogon. 3 The homology of the wing venation is incorrectly given on pi. 17, fig. 13-16, in Bui. 86. What is marked R44.6 should be marked Mi^j; in fig. 15 R..>_f-n should be marked R.2^5; in fig. 16 Rj should read Rj + s, and R2 + 3 should read R44.5. 264 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 265 Species which helong to the Ceratopogoninae but not sufficiently characterized to place are: sordidellus (belongs to Bezzia or Johannseniella ) , 1) a s a 1 i s and o b s c u r u s ( Palpomyia or Bezzia), a r c t i c u s and s e q u a x ( belong to Ccratopogon or Johannseniella) , a 1 b a r i u s and d i in i d i a t u s (belong to Johannseniella or Palpomyia) , r u f u s and s u b a s p e r (belong to Palpomyia or Hetcromyia), and scutellatus Say (wholly indeterminate). The species s ten am mat us and wheeleri are known only in the immature stages. Genus ceratopogon ]\Ieigen, 1803 ; Kieffer, 1899, 1906- Meigen (1803) mentions barbicornis as the representative of this genus. This was evidently an erroneous identification, since in 1804 he placed it among unknown species and gave a compiled description, followed by the remark that he was not certain whether the species described under this name by Gmelin and Schrank w'as the true barbicornis or whether they had mistaken his Ceratopogon communis for it — thus apparently indicat- ing that he had made the same mistake previously. It thus appears that Meigen had communis in mind as the representative of the genus and it must therefore be considered as the type. I am indebted to Mr Coquillett for the quotation from Meigen (1804). Ceratopogon communis, though not a well known species, belongs without doubt (as may be seen from Meigen's description) to the genus Ceratopogon as now restricted, under the subgenus Atrichopogon of Kiefifer. The following North American species are referred to the genus Ceratopogon. Those marked with an asterisk may possibly belong to Culicoides. * a n c o r u s , * b e 1 1 u s , b i p u n c t a t u s , b r u m a 1 i s , * c a 1 c a r a t u s , c i 1 i p e s , -"■' c i n c t i p e s , * d e c o r , e q u e s n . s p . , e r i o p h o r u s , e x i 1 i s , f i m b r i a t u s , f 1 a v u s , f u s c i c o r n i s , f u s c u 1 u s , * g e n u a 1 i s, * h i r t u 1 u s , * h o 1 1 e n s i s , * 1 i t u r a t u s , ni o ri i 1 i c o r n i s , '-''parvus, p c r g a n d e i , p i 1 o s u 1 u s , p r o p i n q u u s , * p y g m a e u s , s p e c u 1 a r i s , s q u a - mipes, *tenebrosus, tersites, texanus, *tran- s i e n s , * u n i c o 1 o r , w e b s t e r i , p e r e g r i n u s n. sp., a r c t i c u s and s e q u a x. The last two mav belong to Johannseni- ella. Ceratopogon bipunctatus Linne, which is not 266 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM uncommon in New York, resembles specularis Coq. but differs in having the mesonotum opaque and sparsely beset with yellow hairs. Ceratopogon eques n. sp. Female. Head, with face, proboscis, palpi and antennae wholly fuscous ; hairs of the head yellowish ; those of the antennae grayish white; eyes widely separated, cut out around base of antennae, the latter with basal joints moniliform, first joint enlarged, two to eight shorter than wide, closely sessile, ninth about as long as wide, tenth to thirteenth spindle-shaped, from twice to thrice as long as wide, thirteenth and fourteenth wider than the preceding, four- teenth especially considerably enlarged, its apex with a tiny papilla Avhich is but little longer than wide. Facets of the eyes large. Thorax including pleura, sternum, anrl mctanotum fuscous, sub- opaque, the scutelhim concolcred or but little lighter. Hairs of the dorsum pale yellow, a few longer ones over the fore coxae and the setae of the scutellum for the most part black. Abdomen fus- cous, subopaque, the hairs paler, except a few long black setae near base. Legs pale yellow, the apical tarsal joints a little darker ; coxae fuscous; hind metatarsus over twice as long as the following joint; fourth tarsal joint slightly shorter than the fifth; empodium brush- like, as long as the claws. Wings covered with grayish hairs, no pale stigma on the costa, the hairs on the posterior margin of moderate length. The radius ends but little beyond the middle of the wing, the anterior branch of this vein ends in the costa about as far proxim,ad from end of the posterior branch as the length of the sm.all cell, which is nearly obliterated ; media with short indis- tinct petiole; cubitus forks at about the mid length of the wing; veins fuscous. Halteres cream-white. Length ^/^ mm. This little fly was taken by Professor Needham in numbers from the wings of Meleoma at Old Forge, N. Y., in the summer of 1905. Ceratopcgon peregrinus n. sp. Female. Fuscous. Head with the antennae, palpi and the proboscis fuscous; eyes contiguous; antennal hairs yellowish, the structure of the antennae as in C . eques, but the apical papilla over twice as long as wide. Thorax and abdomen wholly fuscous, with 3^ellowish pollen and brown hairs ; thorax subshining, abdomen opaque, pollen of the latter not conspicuous. Legs sordidly yellow to yellowish brown, hind metatarsus about three times as long as REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOINIOLOGIST IQO/ 267 the following joint, fourth tarsal joint slightl}^ shorter than the fifth, pulvilli about as long as the claws. Wings hairy on the apical half and on the posterior margin; R^^^ ends at .7 the length of the wing, second radial cell about three times as long as the first, both distinct, base of the first radial cell, fork of the media and of the cubitus ecjuidistant from the base of the wing, petiole of the media about half as long as the cross vein. Ilalteres distinctly pale brown. Length i to 1.25 mm. Old Forge, N. Y. Genus culicoides Latreille, 1809; Kieffer, 1899, 1906 Oecacta Poey (1851) and Haematomyidium Goeldi (1905) are probable synonyms. The type of the genus is C . punctata Meigen. It was formerly supposed that all the hairy winged species of the Ceratopogoninae had terrestrial larvae, but this is not the case. Mik some years ago described a semiaquatic larva from which he bred Culicoides hippocastani, and I have reared several species of Culicoides and afso of the subgenus Ceratopogon from aquatic larvae which differ but little from those of the bare winged members of this subfamily. The North American representatives of this genus are : b i g u t - tat us, cinctus, cocker elli, g rise us, gutti- p e n n i s , 1 e v i s , lotus, m a c u 1 i t h o r a x (= Oec- acta f u r e n s ?) , m e 1 1 e u s , m u t a b i 1 i s , p h 1 e b o - t o m u s , s a n g u i s u g a , s c u t e 1 1 a t u s Meigen, s t e 1 - lifer, and v a r i i p e n n i s. Several of the species listed with Ceratopogon may belong to this genus also. Genus bezzia Kieffer, 1899, 1906 Kieffer gives (Ceratopogon) ornata Meigen as the type of the genus Bezzia. Subgenera of bezzia a Femora without prominent spines underneath Probezzia Kieffer aa Femora with prominent spines underneath Bezzia Kieffer North American species belonging liere are as follows : Subgenus Probezzia : albiventris, bivittatus, elegans, ele- gant u 1 a , f 1 a v o n i g e r , gibber, g 1 a b e r , i n e r m i s , o p a c u s , p a c h y m e r u s , s m i t h i i , t e r m i n a 1 i s . 268 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Subgenus Bezzia : b a r b e r i , e x p o 1 i t u s , j o h n s o n i , ni e d i u s , p r u i n o s u s , p u H- e r u s , p u n c t i p e n n i s , s e t i p e s , s e t u 1 o s u s , v a r i c o 1 o r , v e n u s t u 1 u s . Genus johannseniella Williston, 1907 Ceratolophus Kieffer is a synonym. Name changed owing to preoccupation. The type of this genus is n i t i d u s Alacquart. The following species are North American representatives of the genus : a n t e n n a 1 i s , a r g e n t a t u s , b i m a c u 1 a t u s , c a u d e 11 i i , d i v e r s u s , f 1 a v i c e p s n. sp., g i 1 v u s , 1 a c t e i p e n n i s , 1 o n g i c o r n i s , m a c u 1 i p c n n i s , m a g - n i p e n n i s n. sp., m a g n u s , n e b u 1 o s u s , p i c t u s , p o 1 i t u s , s t i g m a 1 i s , and v i r i d i s . Johannseniella flaviceps n. sp. The species described on page 105 (Bui. 86) may be called flaviceps. To the description must be added tha<- the media forks proximad of the R-AI cross vein and that all claws are small and equal. Johannseniella magnipennis n. sp. Male. Head cinereous, mouth parts and antennae fuscous, the palpi and basal joint of the antenna rather paler. Antennae rather slender, about as long as the thorax, short haired, joints cylindric-oval. Eyes widely separated. Thorax densely covered with a cinereous bloom, covering also the sternum, scutellum and the mesonotum. Pile of the dorsum short, sparse, and pale. Abdomen, which is much shrunken in both specimens, is yellowish brown to brown ; genitalia darker, apical lobes yellowish, hairs yellowish. Legs elongate, brown, including coxae; tarsi white, the apical joint of each foot black; hairs of femora and tibiae sparse, short and pale ; fore metatarsus about two thirds as long as its tibia ; last tarsal joint with two rows of stout blunt spines on under side, fourth joint slightly broadened, somewhat shorter than the fifth; claws simple, equal, about half the length of the last tarsal joint; tarsi ciliate with fine stiff hairs on the flexor surface. Wings wholly hyaline, including the veins except the cross veiif which is brownish ; wing extremely long and broad in proportion to size of fly, extend- ing considerably beyond apex of the abdomen, anal angle especially REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 269 prominent. Costa almost reaches ti}) of the wing, the posterior branch of the radius entering the costa l)ut a short distance from its apex. First radial cell ab(MTt three times as long as wide; the media forks before the R-M cross vein; the cubitus forks more than the length of the first radial cell before the fork of the media, the two anal veins do not reach the wing margin. Halteres with a grayish tinge. Length 2.5 mm (abdomen shrunken). Length of each wing 5 mm. Two specimens. Old Forge, N. Y. Johannseniella argentata Loew This species was erroneously referred to Palpomyia (Sphaerom- yas) in Bui. 86. Genus palpomyia Megcrle in litt. Aleigen 1818 The type of the genus is f 1 a v i p e s Meigen (= g e n i c u 1 a t a Megerle). Subgenera of palpomyia a Last tarsal joint with two rows of coarse snines below Sphaeromyas aa Last tarsal joint with hairs below Palpomyia Alasion Rondani must be considered as a synonym of the sub- genus Palpomyia since flavipes Meigen (=h o r t u 1 a n u s) is given as the type for each. The following are North American species of this genus. Subgenus Sphaeromyas : longipennis, scaber, schwar- zii, slossonae, subasper, tibialis. Subgenus Palpomyia : c u r r i e i , flavipes, 1 i n e a t u s , nubifer, trivialis. Genus heteromyia Say, 1824. Rcstoretl to generic rank by Kieffer in 1906 The type species is Heteromyia f a s c i a t a Say. North American species are : clavata, fasciata, fes- tivus, plebeius, prattii. Genus serromyia Megerle. Meigen, 18 18. Restored to generic rank by Kieffer in 1906 S. femorata is the type. It is the only species yet recorded from this country. 270 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Subfamily tanypinae Groi:p Taiij-pus, Bui. 86, p. Pg, line iS from the 1)ottnin / Wings bare /; Fork of llic cn1)itus petiolate /; Ri apparently forked at its extremity (i. c. R^^+a distinct) .. Procladius hh Ri not forked at extremity Psilotanypus gg Fork of the cubitus slightly proximad of the M-Cu cross vein h R: with fork at its extremity (i. e. 7?--(-:! distinct) Anatopynia ///; Ri without this fork Protanypus // Wings pubescent g Fork of the cubitus slightly proximad of the cross vein (=Ablabesmyia) Tanypus gg Fork of the cubitus petiolate h Ri apparently forked at its extremity ( i. e. /?2_|_3 distinct) Protenthes [sec Ent. News, 1907, p. 4C0] Ith Ri not forked Trichotanypus Species which belong to this subfamily but not sitfficiently char- acterized to place in the following genera are : b e 1 1 u s and f 1 a V i c i n c t u s ( Procladius or Psilotanypus) , h u m e r a 1 i s , tricolor and turpi s (bare-winged, possibly Anatopynia), tibialis Staeger and p i c t i j) e n n i s (hairy-winged, probably Tanypus), b a 1 1 i mo r e u s and tibialis Say (wholly indeter- minate). Genus procladius Skuse, 1889 The following arc North American species: adunibratus, c a 1 i g i n o s u s , c o n c i n n u s , p i n g u i s , p u s i 1 1 u s , s c a p u 1 a r i s , t h o r a c i u s , and n u b i f e r . Procladius nubifer Coquilktt 1905 Tanypus. Coquillett, N. Y. Ent. So:.. Jcur. June P^alls in the couplet with o c c i d e n t a 1 i s (2) in the key given in Bui. 86. Distinguished by its spotted wings. It is yellow; the first antennal joint, palpi, three vitae on mesonctum, lower portion of the thorax, the metathorax, and the bases of t'.-e abdominal seg- ments brown ; legs whitish ; wings whitish hyaline with about nine clouds or spots. Length 3 mm. L'tah. Procladius thoracicus Loew 1866 Tan}-pus. Loew, Berliner Ent. Zeitschrift I have seen specimens of this species from New Jersey and Louis- iana. Li the description given in Bui. 86 on page 129. the third line, place a comma after the word " tibia " and strike it out after the word " tarsus." REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 2/1 Genus psilotanypus Kieffer, 1906 This genus is represented by o c c i d c n t a 1 i s in our fauna. Genus anatopynia Johannsen, 1905 The type of this genus is (Tanypus) p 1 u m i p e s Fries. The species h u m e r a 1 i s and tricolor may belong here. Genus protanypus Kieffer, 1906 Protanypus heteropus Coquilktt 1905 Tanypus. Ccquillett, N. Y. Ent. Soc. Joar. June Black; halteres light yellow fourth tarsal joint short and dilated. Length 3 to 4 mm. Wash., N.M., N.H. The only species thus far recorded from this country. Genus tanypus jNIeigen, 1S03, part ; =Ablabcsmyia Johannsen, 1905, and Isoplastus Skuse, 1889 Type of the genus is mo nil is L. All the North American species mentioned by me in Bui. 86 under the name of Ablabesmyia belong here. Besides these s i n u o s u s , t e n e b r o s u s and m i r i p e s { Ccquillett, 1905) , aureus Johan. ( 1907) and f 1 o r e n s n. sp. are members of the genus. Th.e following key contains the varieties of the carneus-ornatus group together with tlie North American species not included in the table on Ablabesmyia given in Bui. 86. In a large series of speci- mens of the carneus-ornatus group [nos. 1-8] it was found that they exhibit such intergradation that it is difificult to define the specific limitations. They diflfer in the amount and intensity of coloration of body, wings and legs to such a degree that scarcely two specimens can be found that are alike in every particular. a Prevailing color of either thorax or abdomen or both, pale b Thorax dull black; abdomen golden yellow aureus Johan. '07 bb Thorax yellowish c Legs unhanded (c a r n e u s group) d Thoracic stripes not margined with black e Cross vein without cloud var. i. c a r n e u s (Schiner) ee Cross vein with cloud / Fourth tarsal joint about two thirds of third var. 2. carneus (Zetterstedt) '2'J2. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM // Fourth tarsal juint about one lialf of third in length m i r i p e s Coq. '05 dd Thoracic stripes margined with lilack c Cross vein with cloud var. 3. sin u o s u s Coq. '05 cc Cross vein without cloud var. 4 cc Legs banded (ornatus group) d Thoracic stripes not margined witli black c Cross vein with dark cloud var. 5 cc Cross vein without dark cloud var. 6. j o h n s o n i dd Thoracic stripes margined with black c Cross vein with cloud var. 7. ornatus (Scliiner) cc Cross vein without dark cloud var. 8 cia Prevailing color of body dusky h i?2-)-3 present at apex of Rx, posterior margins of abdominal segments yellow ; cross vein not distinctly clouded f 1 o r e n s n. sp. hh RiJ^T. absent t e n e b r o s u s Coq. '05 and arietinus Coq. '08 Tanypus florens n. sp. Male. Resembles fastnosiis but differs in being smaller, more slender, in having no black cloud on the cross vein and in having the posterior margins of the abdominal segments con- spicuously yellow. Head, with mouth parts and antennae dark brown. Thorax brown, sternum, metanotum and th(5racic stripes somewhat cin- ereous, narrow spaces between the stripes with rows of yellow hairs upon them. Other shorter hairs on the dorsum also yellow ; scutellum pale brown. Abdomen brown, apical 34 or Yj, of each segment yellow, pale coloring more conspicuous on the sides, hairs yellow. Genitalia dark brown, basal joint of each limb of forceps ovate, its greatest diameter about y> the width of the last abdominal segment, apical joint slender, not as long as the basal joint, curved clawlike, and sharply pointed. Legs yellow with yellow hairs, apex of each femur and base of each tibia brown, the articulation at the knee yellow ; tarsi somewhat more dusky. Fore metatarsus about .6 as long as the tibia. Wings hairy, cubitus forks slightly proxiinad of the cross vein, surface brownish hyaline, when held obliquely appears iridescent along the veins, giving the wing a mottled appear- ance; hairs yellowish brown; cross vein slightly darker than the adjacent veins but not covered by a dark clmid ; anterior cross vein quite oblique and longer than the posterior cross vein ; R0+3 near apex of Ri, pale yellow; halteres yellow. Length 2.5 mm. Ithaca. N.Y. ; Boulder and Florissant, Col., and Washington state. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 273 Genus protenthes Johannscn, Ent. News, 1907 ; = Tanypus Johannsen, Bui. 86 The type of this genus is c i n c t u s (^ p u n c t i p e n n i s Meigen). To this genus belong all species which I described under Tanypus in lUil. 86, with the exception of T . p o s t i c a 1 i s Lund- beck. The following new species will find a place in the key given in Bui. 86 with s t e 1 1 a t u s , from which it differs in its wing markings and leg coloration. Protenthes pulcher n. sp. Female. Head, inchidin.g proboscis, and basal joint of the antennae cream-white, the flagellum pale fuscous, thirteenth and fourteenth antennal joints somewhat enlarged, fifteenth joint dark brown at tip; labrum and palpi fuscous ; occiput white with a brown spot back of each eye; eyes black, deeply emarginate. Thorax cream-white, the median stripe brown, blackish anteriorly, divided, posterior border emarginate, lateral stripes deep brown, produced backwards to the scutellum, scutellum white, scutellar suture nar- rowly brown ; metanotum and sternum brown ; pleura with brown spots as follows : a pear-shaped spot on each side of sternum sepa- rated from the brown of the sternum by a narrow wdiite line, a tri- angular spot cephalad of this, and three small ones near base of wing. Abdomen wanting. Legs white, the tips of all femora, tibiae and metatarsi widely dark brown, second joint of all tarsi wholly white, third, fourth and fifth joints wholly brown, fourth joint linear. Wings thickly hairy, with a brown spot covering the cross veins, a broad fascia extending from apex of R^ to the posterior margin of the wing, the band widening wherever it is crossed by a vein and constricted again behind it, a subtriangular spot near the posterior margin behind the cross veins, and a small one on the anal lobe. Venation like that of P . c u 1 i c i f o r m i s but the media slightly more curved down at the extremity [Bui. 86, pi. 27, fig. 15]. Halteres pale. Length about 2^ to 3 mm. Old Forge, N. Y. Genus trichotanypus Kieffer, 1906 T. posticalis Lundbeck is the only representative of the genus. The absence of the vein R2+3 and the retracted position of the M-Cu cross vein are the distinctive generic characters. I have a specimen of this species from Ithaca, N. Y. 2/4 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Subfamil} chironominae Genus corynoneura Winnertz, 1846 Numerous specimens of C . a t r a (= c e 1 e r i p e s) were seen in July hovering beneath the shrubbery which overhangs a Httle brook near Ithaca, N. Y. The figure given by Winnertz of the wing [reproduced in Bui. 86, pi. 36, fig. 7] is not strictly correct. The anterior veins though stout do not wholly obliterate the cell between them. Only when heM obliquely does the wing appear as shown in the figure. The larva is described by Thienemann ('08). Genus chasmatonottjs Loew, 1864 Key of species (/ Yellowish species; abdomen dark brown, wings graj'ish hyaline, some- what smoky in front of the radius. California, .h y a li n u s Coq. (1905) aa Dusky species b Wing with two prominent white spots, apex black [Bui. 86, pi. 27, fig. 16] b i m a c u 1 a t u s Loew bb Wing not marked in this way c Wing with two white spots and a very narrow apical margin, whitish hyaline. British Columbia fascipennis Coq. ( 1905) cc Wing with fewer spots d Wing with longitudinal vitta between the media and the cubitus ; abdomen with posterior margins of the segments whitish. Alaska. univittatus dd Wing with a broad wliite transverse fascia. N. Y unimaculatus NOTE. Bui. 86, on page 167, line 10, for m a c u 1 a t u s read b i m a c u - 1 a t u s. Genus hydrobaenus Fries, 1830 Both larvae and adults have recently been described by Giard (1904). According to this author the male has but 12 antennal joints and not 14 as given by the earlier authors. The genus has not yet been found in North America. Genus prodiamesa Kieffer, 1906 This genus is distinguished from Diamesa in having a linear fourth tarsal joint, longer than the fifth. A specimen of Prodiamesa REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 2/5 (probably P . n o t a t a Staeger '39) was sent to me by Professor Cockerell from Boulder, Colorado. This is the only species yet recorded of the genus from this continent. NOTE. Bui. 86, page 178, line 5 from the bottom, for plate 36 read 30. Genus thalassomyia Schiner, 1856 Compare Scopelodromus, Bui. 86, page 307. See also an article by Chevrel in Arch, de Zool. Exp. et Gen. Ser. 4. 2. page XXIX in which the author admits the possible identity of the two genera. Key of North American species a Yellow species, thorax with ochraceous median vitla f u 1 v a n. sp. aa Dusky species b Dorsum of thorax blackish, with indications of three stripes, covered with silvery bloom, most conspicuous on the humeri. N. Y..o b s c u r a bb Thorax black, humeral spot yellow ; length 2.5 mm. Arizona. p 1 a t y p u s Thalassomyia fulva n. sp. Male. Head yellow, rostrum at tip and the basal joint of the antennae ochraceous; palpi fuscous, slender, basal joint but httle longer than wide, second twice, third thrice, and fourth four times as long as the iirst, the last joint quite slender; antennae and antennal hairs sordidly yellow, 14 jointed, last joint elongate as in Chironomus, eyes bare. Thorax clear yellow, the sternum, meta- nolum, and the three thoracic stripes ochraceous, anterior lateral margins of the scutellum with dark brown spots which are con- tinued in a fine line niesad in the scutellar suture. Abdomen sor- didly yellow, the anterior part of each segaient paler. Genitalia resemble those of T. obscura but apical joint rather longer and blunt at the end. Thoracic and abdominal hairs yellow, thoracic setae sordidly yellow. Legs yellow, tarsi somewhat infuscated, fourth joint less than half as long as the last joint. Fore legs wanting in the single specimen. Claws simple, empodium and pul- villi inconspicuous ; two short black spurs at apex of each tibia. Wings hyaline, whitish tinged, veins including cross vein yellow, cubitus forks distad of the cross vein, costa produced slightly beyond tip of the vein R4+.-,. Halteres yellow. Length 3.5 mm. Old Forge, N. Y. NOTE. The name Thalassomyia f u s c a which appears on pages 174, 225, 271, 307, 308, 326, of Bui. 86 should read Thalassomyia ob- scura, as boih names refer to the same species. 276 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Genus chironomus Meigen, 1803 The following tabic contains North American species which are not included in the key given in I'.nl. 86, and in addition tabulates the males of those species which arc characterized by their dusky thorax and abdomen (the thorax sometimes having yellow humeri and faint indications of paler division lines upon the dorsum, the segments of the abdomen sometimes with gray or yellowish posterior margins; legs nearly unicolored, yellowish to blackish). a Wings with several spots or bars b Wings with several spots c Tibiae each with two distinct white bands naevns ]\Iitchell '08 cc Tibiae without distinct white bands d Length 2 mm. or less c Wings with several spots, one at the cross vein 1 a b e c u 1 o s u s Mitchell '08 cc Spot distad of cross vein, halteres pale, foremetatarsus i^ times as long as the tibia n e e d h a m i i n. sp. cid Length over 2,5 mm., halteres with duskj- tip, foremetatarsus nearly I Vj times as long as the tibia -. .n u b e c u I o s u s bb Wings with fasciae or bars c Wing with two complete brown bars, the distal one mottled with clear spots p e r p u 1 c h c r Mitchell '08 cc No clear spots on bars d Legs nearly wholly whitish, knees slightly brownish, less than one fourth of tibia brownish c Wing without black apical l)and c a 1 o p t e r u s Mitchell '08 ce Wing with wide apical band zonopterus IMitchell "cS dd Apex of each femur and basal fourth (or more) of each tibia, blackish c The dark band at apex of wing measured along /'^2+5 less than half as wide as the white band which precedes it poecilopterus IMitchell, '08 cc The width of the apical band nearly equal or greater than the white band which precedes it / Entire fore and hind tibiae dark, .n c p h o p t e r u s Mitchell, 'c8 // Fore tibiae not wholly dark g Apical half of hind tibiae white pulchripennis gy Ape.x of hind tibiae dusky /; Midtlle sectimi of hind ti])iae white e X q u i s i t u s Mitchell, 'oS /;/; Middle section of Iiind tibiae not pure white t a e n i a p e n n i s aa Wings unspotted, sometimes with darkened cross \vm b Thoracic stripes gray or blackish, or thorax wholly dull black; abdomen mainly black REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST- I907 2// c Wings smoky, especially along the course of the veins, veins reddish brown, including the cross vein, end of knob of the halteres brown; (new name for caliginosus, which is preoccupied for fossil species) ithacanensis new name cc Wings hyaline, with brown cross vein d Forestarsi of the male Ixarded c Foremetatarsus not over i^^ times the tibia in length 7 Abdominal segments black, posterior margins sometimes gray, not yellow g Foremetatarsus i^s times the tibia in length, abdominal seg- ments with faintly grayish margins niveipennis ()(j Foremetatarsus i i/S or more times the tibia in length h Legs black, fourth tarsal joint of foreleg about ^ the length of the third Clegs fuscous; var. meridionalis) h y p e r b o r e u s hh Legs subfuscous, third and fourth tarsal joints subequal in length ^ annularis // Abdominal segments with yellowish posterior margins g Ground color of the thorax gray, stripes blackish, humeri yellowish, large species 9 to 12 mm in length..p 1 u m o s u s gg Ground color of the thorax m'ore yellowish, smaller species 7.5 to 9 mm in length prasinus cc Foremetatarsus over 13/3 times the tibia in length / Halteres yellow. m a t u r u s n. sp. // Halteres dusky, third and fourth tarsal joints of the forelegs subequal in length a 1 1 e n u a t u s dd Foretarsi of the male not bearded c Male claspers unusually stout, foremetatarsus i^ times the tibia in length ; abdominal segments gray, margined with yellow ; legs yellowish cc Male claspers slender / Foremetatarsus about \Vj, times the tibia in length; black species, legs blackish, abdominal segments with cinereous margins... s t a e g e r i // Foremetatarsus over lYi times the tibia in length g Thoracic stripes black divided by gray lines, humeri some- times yellow ; abdominal segments black, posterior margins gray; foremetatarsus i3-/> times the tibia in length r i p a r i u s gg Not as above in all particulars /; Small species, 3 to 4 mm in length ; foremetatarsus over i^ times the tibia in length s i m i 1 i s hh Species 5 mm or more in length i Middle and iiind femora each with broad yellow band before apex c o m p e s Coq. '08 i\ Legs not so marked y With foremetatarsus about xYj times the tibia in length; 6.5 to 8 mm in length c r i s t a t u s yy With foremetatarsus about 1.6 times the tibia in length; length 6 mm redeuns? 278 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM /'/' Pale species c Foremetatarsus over i-}4 tunes as Icng as the tibia d Legs brown, larsi conspicuously white; length 4 to 5 mm h i r t i p e s Mitchell '08 dd Legs yellow ; length 2.5 to 3 mm f 1 a v i v e n t r i s Johan. cc Foremetatarsus less than 13^ times the tibia in length d Thorax with three blackish stripes, abdomen of female yellow, of male green 1 u c i f e r Johan. ( 1907) dd Thoracic stripes paler c Length 5 mm., abdomen yellow, legs wilh brown bands f a s c i p e s Coq. '08 ce Length 6 to 7 mm / Body reddish brown, abdomen dark brown albistria // Thorax wilh three testaceous stripes, abdomen green, foretarsi of the male hairy s t y 1 i f e r a n. sp. Chironomus needhamii n. sp. The species described by me under the name 01 scalaenus on page 201 of Bui. 86 should be considered as a distinct species, differing from tlie European form in size, coloring, and particularly in the metatarsal proportions. Named in honor of Prof. J. G. Needham. I have seen specimens from New York, Indiana, Kansas, and Washington. Chircnomus nubeculosus Meigen 1818 Chironomus. jNIeigcn. Syst. BcJschr. L 2)7^ 37 1864 Chircnomus. Schiner. Fauna Austr. IL 598 Male. Head, with its mouth parts, thorax and abdomen wholly blackish, antennae and the hairs brownish, dorsum of the thorax appears pcllinose; when held obliquely abdominal segments with only faint indications of cinereous posterior margins. Tho- racic, abdominal and leg hairs yellowish brown ; genitalia slender. Femora browaiish, tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown ; foretarsi not bearded, foremetatarsus over one third longer than the tibia; pul- villi prominent. Wings hyaline, with grayish spots ; one at the junction of radius and media, one in the foidc of the cubitus, one at the tip of Cu^, and one or two in the anal cell. Cubitus forks slightly distad of the cross vein. A^'hen held oljlicjucly the wing spots appear iridescent, tialteres with blackish tip. Length 2.5 to 4 mm. Female. Like the male but the wings are broader and in one specimen the wing spots are subobsolete. Florissant, Col. ; Ithaca,- N. Y. ; Pennsylvania. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 2/9 I have had no European specimens for comparison, but Schiner's and Zetterstedt's descriptions fit my specimens perfectly. Chircncmus ithacanensis new name A new name for C . c a 1 i g i n o s u s Johan. ; c a 1 i g i n o s u s is preoccupied for a fossil species. Chironomus maturus n. sp. |- Male. The front, outer eye margin, two rather slender frontal I tubercles, pale yellow; antennae dark brown, hairs pale brown ;lL>' face, proboscis and palpi subfuscous, basal joint of the antennae ^ ^ gray pollinose. Thorax gray with three blackish stripes, humeri yellowish, scutellum subfuscous, thorax wholly covered with a grayish bloom. Abdomen dark brown, apical one fourth of each segment yellow, which appears silvery when viewed from behind ; posterior segments and genitalia nearly wholly grayish, the latter slender, resembling those of C . d e c o r u s . Legs brownish yel- low, the base of each femur, the knees, the fore tibiae and tarsi more brownish, coxae gray, trochanters yellow, pulvilli brushlike, empodium pectinate, anterior tarsi sparsely but long haired, fore- metatarsus about one third longer than the tibia. Wings hyaline, anterior veins yellowish brown, cross vein dark brown, cubitus forks under the cross vein. Halteres yellowish. Length 7 to 8 mm. Female. Like the male but with broader wings and with slightly longer (proportionally) metatarsus. Ithaca, N. -Y. Early spring species. Chironomus redeuns Walker Specimens from Itliaca, N. Y., Illinois, and Boulder, Col., appear to be this species. The species resembles cristatus and r i p a r i u s , but is smaller than either, and the foremetatarsus is nearly or quite 1.6 times the tibia in length, foretarsi bare; in color- ing it resembles r i p a r i u s . Chironomus barbipes Staeger A male and female specimen from Harrisburg, Pa. It has pre- viously been recort'e 1 from Chicago. Chironomus devinctus Say The foretarsi of the male are bare. From Old Forge, N. Y. 28o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Chironomus nephoterus Mitchell, '08 The foretarsi of the male withinit long hairs. Im-oui Old Forge, N. Y. Chironomus brachialis Coqnillett This species varies greatly in the extent of coloring of wings and legs. From Old Forge, N. Y. Chironomus frequens Johannsen The foretarsi of the niale sparsely bearded. From Old Forge, N.Y. Chironomus lineatus Say In this species the radius, particularly the basal section, and the cross vein are more deeply yellow tinted than the other veins, though the latter can not be called cloude 1. The foremetatarsus is over one third longer than the tibia. The black longitudinal line on the center of the median thoracic stripe is conspicuous. From Old Forge, N. Y. Chironomus hirtipes Mitchell (1908) Female. Head yellowish, vertex yellowish to brownish, eye margin and occiput paler, the latter with yellowish brown hairs pro- jecting forward overhanging the vertex ; antennae, including the hairs and the basal joint yellow; proboscis and palpi brow^n. Thorax pale yellow, in certain lights with a whitish sheen, especially conspicuous on the humeri ; dorsum with three pale brownish longi- tudinal stripes, the middle one divided ; some tiny black specks and streaks upon the lateral margin of the dorsal stripe in one specimen; pleura with a black spot over each coxa, the anterior one largest ; sternum brown; scutellum yellow, brownish along the anterior margin, metanotum yellow with a brown anterior margin which is divided by a yellow median line. Abdomen brown, the segments with broad whitish posterior fasciae ; abdominal hairs dense and long, those on basal half of the segment are brown tipped with yel- low, those on the apical half are wholly yellow. Coxae, trochanters, femora and tibiae brown, tarsi conspicuously white, knees of middle and hind legs yellow. Hairs on legs dense, brown in color, except on the tarsi where they are short, sparse and white. Femora and tibiae unusually stout ; pulvilli and empodium well developed ; fore- metatarsus nearly twice as long as the tibia. Wings somewhat smoky, veins brown, base of the wing and also base of the veins REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 281 to a little beyond the lobe yellowish ; cross vein no darker than the adjacent veins; cnbitns forks distad f>f the cross vein. Halteres yellow. Length 4 mm. Two female specimens from (/)ld Forge, N. Y., taken Jnly 8, 1905. Chironomus albistria W alker A reddish brown species of medium size. The whitish side stripes mentioned by Walker are due to pollen and are best seen when the specimen is held obliquely ; usually more or less rubbed in captured specimens. The foremetatarsus is about an eighth longer than the tibia in female specimens. Specimens from Old Forge, N. Y., Illinois, and Pennsylvania. Chironomus stylifera n. sp. Male, Head sordidly yellow, palpi and proboscis pale fuscous, basal joint of the antennae testaceous, flagellum and its hairs brown. Thorax yellow with a slight greenish tinge ; sternum and the three thoracic stripes testaceous ; metanotum brown, with the anterior margin yellow. Abdomen uniformly green, pale brown toward the apical end. Genitalia brown, dorsal keel nearly straight, very slen- der, styliform, lateral lobes stout, shaped like a pistol handle, superior and inferior lobes much retracted and inconspicuous. Forelegs brown, basal two thirds of femur, and of metatarsus, and middle section of tibia somewhat paler brown; tarsi hairy; foretarsi bearded ; middle and hind legs yellow, hairy, tips of tibiae brown, tarsi except the basal section of the metatarsi, infuscated; fore- metatarsus one fourth longer than the tibia ; pulvilli nearly as long as the claws. Wings hyaline, anterior veins yellowish, the cross vein but little darker ; cubitus forks under the cross vein. Halteres yellow. Length 6.5 mm. Ithaca, N. Y. Chironomus lugens Kiefifer A new name proposel by Kieffer (1906) for C. lugubris Williston, which is preoccupied. Chironomus leptopus Kieffer Proposed by Kieffer ( 1906) for C . 1 o n g i m a n u s Williston, preoccupied. Chironomus connexus Kieffer Proposed by Kieffer ( 1906) for C . c o n f i n i s Walker, pre- occupied. 282 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Genus camptocladius Van der Wulp, 1S74 Camptocladius aterimus Meigen A male specimen of this species was bred from the earth taken from the base of some decaying mushrooms, October, 1907. Genus orthocladius Van der Wulp, 1874 Subgenera a Eyes hairy b Palpi 4 jointed Trichocladius Kieffer bb Palpi 3 jointed Diplocladius Kieffer, 08 aa Eyes bare b Pulvilli large, empcdium long and filiform Psectrocladius Kieffer bb Pilvilli wanting c Empcdium filiform d Palpi 4 jointed Dactylocladius Kieffer dd Palpi 3 -jointed Trissocladius Kieffer, '08 cc Empcdium not distinct Orthocladius Trichocladius lacteipennis n. sp. Female. Head yellow, vertical triangle and rostrum blackish, eyes hairy, hairs visible with an amplification of 20 diameters, dis- tance between the eyes greater than twice the diameter of either eye when viewed directly from in front ; antennae dusky yellow, basal joint an;l apex somewhat darker. Palpi not visible in either specimen. Collar yellow, prominent, incised at the dorso-anterior margin ; mesonotum yellow, with three dark brown stripes, the laterals very slender, the median broader and widened out club- shaped along the anterior margin ; scutellum, pleura and sternum yellow slightly infuscated, metanotum brownish to blackish, pleura with a black spot in front of the halteres. Abdomen reddish brown, more brownish on dorsum especially on the basal segments. Legs pale yellow, o.treme tips of the tibiae and the tarsal joints wholly, more or less infuscated ; foremctatarsus about .6 as long as the tibia ; claws prominent, pulvilli conspicuous, nearly as long as the claws, empodium pectinate. Wings hyaline, tinged with milky white, broad, anal angle prominent, veins pale, anterior veins as far as the cross vein more yellowish ; costa extends beyond R^^. one third of the way to the tip of the media; cubitus forks distad of the cross vein. Halteres yellow. Length 4 mm. Pennsylvania. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ 283 Trichocladius politus Coquillett? Some male and female specimens which may be the above species, agreeing with Mr Coquillett's description, possess also the following characteristics. Eyes hairy, collar not incised on the dorso-anterior mafgin ; abdomen black with a greenish tinge, venter more greenish. Costa produced beyond the tip of R^^.^ over half the length of the cross vein. Pennsylvania. Psectrocladius aureus n. sp. Female. Head and mouth parts fuscous, proboscis black, eyes bare, palpi much longer than the antennae, basal joint short, second and third stout, apical joint slender; antennae dusky. Collar deeply incised on dorso-anterior margin, each side of incision with tooth- like projection; thorax dusky yellow, mehan stripe wide, black; laterals narrow, brown ; metanotum and pleura brown, scutellum yellow. Abdomen wholly golden yellow. Legs yellow, tarsal joints slightly darker; foremetatarsus about .9 the lengtii of the tibia; em- podium filiform, sparsely plumose, pulvilli brushlike. Wings hyaline not punctate (under amplificatiou of 75 diameters) ; costa very slightly produced beyond the radius, cubitus forks slightly beyond the cross vein. Halteres pale yellow. Length 2.5 mm. Kansas. Orthocladius scrdidellus The species from North America under this name are probably not this species at all, as may be seen by comparing the description of the early stages given by me in Bui. 86 with that of Thienemann (1906). There seem to be several closely allied species which differ but slightly. To properly describe and distinguish these would require more material than I have at present at my disposal. Genus metriocnemus Van der Wulp, 1874. Synonym Wulpiella Kieffer Metriocnemus exagitans Johannsen Li this species the vein R^..- ends some distance from the tip of the wing and not " nearly to the tip of the wing " as stated in the description in Bui. 86. I have seen s")-"-:'mens of this species from New A^ork, Kansas, and Colorado. Metriocnemus par Johannsen A female specimen from New Jersey has large abdominal spots and dusky thoracic stripes. Some female specimens from Old 284 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Forge, N. Y., and from the Rocky mountains have dark brown thoracic stripes and the abdominal spots are nearly confluent on the dorsum. Metriocnemus knabi Coquillett In the description of the species given on page 306 of Bui. 86, line 9 from the bottom for " laterals " read " peripherals " and for " peripherals " read " centrals." Genus tanytarsus It is interesting to note that Ulmer (1903) and Lauterborn (1905) describe fibrous larval cases for European species similar to those figured by me on plate 26, figure 9, of Bui. 86, for T . e x i g u u s. Chironomidae taken at Old Forge, N. Y., by Professor Needham during the summer of 1905 All the species were taken at light ; those marked " tent " were also taken in the " water tent " described by Professor Needham on page 167 of this bulletin. Ceratopogon eques n. sp. C. peregrinus n. sp. (tent) Johannseniella magnipennis n. sp. Procladius bellus (tent) Tanypus monilis T. indecisus T. hirtipennis (tent) T. ornatiis (tent) T. carneus (tent) T. johnsoni (tent) Protcnthes culiciformis P. pulcher n. sp. Cor3'noneura atra Thalassomyia obscura (tent) T. fulva n. sp. Chironomus needhaniii n. sp. C. nephoterus C. brachialis (tent) C. hyperboreus nc-cc, rar. nieridiona C. tenellus C. devinctus C. nigricans (tent) C. modestus C. dorsalis C. similis (tent) C. albimanus C. lincatus C. frequens C. albistria C. hirtipes Cricotopus trifasciatns C. bicinctus Camptccladius fumosus (tent) Orthocladius sordens O. sordidellus (tent) Metriocnemus par M. atratulus (tent) j\I. flavifrons (tent) M. lundbeckii M. debilipennis Tanytarsus pusio T. obediens T. exigu'us T. fulvescens REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 285 Bibliography 1905 Coquillett. N. Y. Ent. See. Jour. June 19(38 Wash. Ent. Soc. Proc. 1904 Giard. Soc. Ent. Bui. d. France, p. 164 1905 Goeldi. Memorias do Museu Goeldi. Os Mosquitos no para. p. 137 1905 Johannsen. Aquatic Nematocerous Diptera. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 86 1907 • Kansas University Science Bulletin, March, p. 109 1907 — Ent. News, p. 400, Nov. 1899 Kieffer. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, p. 69 1902 • Synopse d. Representants europ. Ceratopogon. (Metz) 1906 — ■ Chironomidae. Genera Insectorum. 42me Fascicule. 1908 ■ sec Thieneniann 1809 Latrielle. Gen. Ins. et Crust. 4:248 1905 Lauterborn. Zoologischer Anzeiger. July 18, p. 207 1864 Loew. Berlin. Entomol. Zeitschrift. Centur. V. p. 51 1800 Meigen. Nouv. Class, d. niouches a deux ailes 1803 niiger's Magazine. 11 1804 Klassification u. Beschr. d. Europ. Zweifl. Insekten. T 1818 • System. Beschr. d. Bekannten Europ. Zweifl. Insekten. I T906 Mitchell. Ent. News, p. 2^4 1908 N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 1851 Poey. Memor. sobre la Hist. Nat. Cuba. I 1906 Ruebsaamen. Expedition Antarctique Beige. Chiro- nomidae 1899 Skuse. Lin. Soc. N. S. AVales Proc. IV. 215-31 1 1839 Staeger. Krojer: Naturhist. Tidsskr., II 583 1906-8 Thienemann. Zeitschr. fiir wissenschaftl. Insektenbiol- ogie, p. 143 1903 Ulmer. Allgemeine Zeitschrift fiir Entomologie, p. 401 1907 Williston. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. March 1846 Winnertz, Stettiner Entomolog. Zeitung. VII. 12 Appendix: D NEW SPECIES OF CECIDOMYIIDAE II Miastor americana n. sp. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the coxae, sparsely haired, brown, 12 segments. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum fuscous yellowish. Abdomen pale salmon, fuscous basally, yellowish apically. Legs a nearly uniform yellowish brown. Taken at Highland, N. Y. June 18, 1907, presumably occurring on either beech or chestnut leaves. Type C. 121 1, N. Y. State Museum. Oligarces noveboracensis n. sp. Female. Length i mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, pale yellowish, 13 segments ; eyes small, brown, ocelli absent, face yellowish. Mesonotum light brown, pleurae pale orange. Scutellum and postscutellum light fuscous yellowish. Abdomen pale yellowish, the basal and distal seg- ments pale orange, the ovipositor whitish. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs short, about three fourths the length of the body, a nearly uniform pale yellowish white. Taken on office window, July 15, 1907, and presumably bred from some material brought into the office. Type C. 1226, N. Y. State Museum. Brachyneura americana n. sp. Female. Length i mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, thickly clothed with narrow scales, black, 12 seg- ments. Mesonotum very dark brown, sparsely ornamented with yellowish hairs. Scutellum black with yellowish hairs basally, postscutellum and abdomen dark brownish black. Wings sub- hyaline. Halteres fuscous yellowish basally, black apically. Legs mostly a uniform fuscous or black, the second and third segments of the posterior tarsi fuscous yellowish. Taken August 2, 1906, on a window and presumably bred from some material brought into the office. Tvpe C. 734, N. Y. State Museum. 286 ■ REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 ' 287 Lasioptera eupatoriflorae n. sp. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae not extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, the basal segments pale reddish, 12 segments; face pale reddish. Pro- nottim fuscous, mesonotum slightly fuscous, the submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum and postscutellum reddish. Abdo- men reddish. Halteres and coxae pale reddish, femora yellowish at the base, brownish apically, tibiae and tarsi brownish. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the abdomen, 11 segments. Color characters about as in the male. Bred August 24, 1907, from flowers of thoroughwort taken at Karner, N. Y. Type C. a 1689, ^'- Y. State Museum. Lasioptera excavata n. sp Female. Length i mm. Antennae extending to the fourth abdominal segment, ratlier thickly haired, black, the basal seg- ments yellowish, 26 segments; face with a conspicuous patch of silvery white scales, the head thickly clothed posteriorly with silvery white scales. Mesonotum narrowly dark brown, broadly and variably margined laterally and anteriorly with pale yel- lowish, the submedian lines broad, pale yellowish and sparsely haired. Scutellum pale yellowish, postscutellum pale orange. Abdomen mostly pale orange, the second to sixth segments variably marked basally with dark brown, the markings being almost obsolete on the second, nearly reaching the margin oii the third and extending thereto on the fourth, fifth and sixth segments ; ovipositor pale orange, venter pale yellowish, sparsely clothed with silver}' scales. Halteres pale yellowish. Coxae, femora and tibiae mostly pale yellowish, the femora narrowly reddish brown apically, the tarsi black. Bred August 6, 1907, from a pale green, reddish brown blister- like mine on Crataegus foliage. Type C. ai576, N. Y. State Museum. Choristoneura clematidis n. sp. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, sparr.ely haired, dark brown, 26 segments; face below the antennae rather thickly clothed with silvery white scales. Mesonotum dark brown, apparently margined 288 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM laterally and anteriorly with silvery wdiite scales, the sub- median lines sparsely haired. Scutcllum and postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown, the dorsum of the first abdominal segment thickly clothed with silvery white scales, the second, third and fourth abdominal segments narrowly margined posteriorly with silvery white markings, the latter obsolete laterally. Halteres yellowish basally, whitish apically. Coxae and extremities of femora and tibiae broadly and vari- ably yellowish, the middle dark brown, tarsi dark brown, the distal segments yellowish, the latter possibly denuded. Taken July i8, 1907, ovipositing in the stem of Clematis V i r g i n i a n a . Type C. a 1 596a, N. Y. State Museum. Choristoneura Helena n. sp. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae hardly extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, brown; 18 segments, the two basal segments fuscous yellowish ; face with a white patch of silvery scales, the head posteriorly narrowly margined with silvery white hairs. Mesonotum black, sparsely margined laterally wnth silvery white. Scutellum nearly concolorous. Abdomen black, the incisures dark reddish, each segment sparsely margined posteriorly with silvery white, the venter a uniform silvery gray. Halteres pale yellowish. Legs black with the coxae, the extreme base of the femora and the articulations of the tibiae more or less pale. Bred July 1907, from round blister galls on Aster lateriflorus taken at Highland, N. Y. Type C. ai55o, N. Y. State Museum. Choristoneura helianthi n. sp. Female. Length 2.75 mm. Antennae extending to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, dark brown, the proximal seg- ments, venter and face silvery white, 18 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, mostly denuded, the submedian lines dark. Scu- tellum ornamented with numerous silvery hairs, postscutellum with lateral silvery hairs. Abdomen black, the segments nar- rowly margined posteriorly with silvery white, the latter inter- rupted at the middle, venter silvery white. Halteres fuscous, pale basally, fuscous apically. Coxae black with silvery hairs, anterior and mid femora gray to the apical third, the posterior REPORT OF Tin-: STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 289 lighter at the base, all black distally with the incisures clothed with silvery scales, tibiae black with the articulations clothed with silvery scales, tarsi black, gray ventrally. Bred September 3, 1907, from flower heads vr leaves of H e 1 i a n t h u s s t r u m o s u s taken at Highland, N. Y. Type C. ai7i8x, N. Y. State Museum. Arnoldia absobrina n. sp. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, rather thickly haired, dark brown, 12 segments. Head, mesonotum, abdomen, coxae and pleurae all reddish yellow, the mesonotum with the sublateral area slightly brownish, the ab- domen sparsely clothed dorsally with fuscous hairs. Halteres yellowish transparent, fuscous subapically. Legs with the coxae and femora pale yellowish, the latter becoming darker distally; til)iae and tarsi dark brown. Female. Length i mm. Antennae extending to the third ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, 12 segments, the basal segment and face yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum pale orange, post- scutellum pale yellowish. Abdomen rather thickly clothed with fuscous hairs, pale yellowdsh. Halteres yellowish basally, fus- cous apically. Coxae and femora fuscous yellowish, tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Bred from a jar containing Crataegus leaves bearing a sub- cylindric fimbiiate unicellular gall. Type C. ai555x, N. Y. State Museum. Arnoldia fraxinifolia n. sp. Male. Length i mm. Antennae about' as long as the body, rather sparsely haired, dark brown, the basal segments yel- lowish, 12 segments; face fuscous yellowish. Mesonotum light brown, the submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum, postscutellum and abdomen a nearly uniform light yellowish or yellowish orange, the latter sparsely clothed dorsally with fuscous hairs, genitalia light fuscous. Halteres yellowish basally, light fus- cous apically. Coxae and femora pale yellowish, tibiae light fuscous straw, tarsi dark brown, almost black. Bred July 25, 1907, from badly rolled young ash leaflets taken at Newfoundland, N. J- Type C. a 1 572a, N. Y. State Museum. 290 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Arnoldia hispida n. sp. Male. Length i mm. Antennae longer than the body, thickly haired, dark brown, fuscous basally, 12 segments. Meso- notum dark brown, the submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum yellowish orange, postscutellum pale yellowish. Abdomen pale brown, rather thickly clothed with fine setae. Halteres yellow- ish basally, whitish apically, coxae, femora and tibiae mostly pale yellowish, tarsi light brown. Taken on Cornus at Albany, N. Y. July 6, 1906. Type C. 519, N. Y. State Museum. Arnoldia minor n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae extending almost to the tip of the abdomen, rather thickly haired, dark brown, fuscous basally, 12 segments; face fuscous. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum dark brown, yel- lowish orange basally, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen uniform dark brown. Halteres yellowish transparent, coxae pale orange, femora and tibiae pale yellowish, distally with narrow reddish or brownish bands, tarsi dark brown. Taken on a window at Nassau, N. Y. July i, 1906. Type C. 431, N. Y. State Museum. Arnoldia ungulata n. sp. Male. Length i mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, rather thickly haired, light brown, the basal segments yellowish, 12 segments; face pale yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the orange submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum pale red- dish, postscutellum pale orange. Abdomen sparsely haired, a pale orange, genitalia slightly fuscous. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs a variable fuscous straw, the tarsi slightly darker. Taken at Albany, N. Y. July 6, 1907. Type C. 1221, N. Y. State Museum. Arnoldia vitis n. sp. Male. Length i mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly "haired"! fuscous yellowish, 12 segments, the basal ones yellowish. ^lesonotum and dorsum of abdomen yellowish browm. Scutellum, postscutellum, parietes and incisures pale yellowish. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs yellowish basally, dark brown distally. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 29I Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae extending to the third abdominal segment, rather thickly haired, dark brown, 12 seg- ments, the basal segments and face yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum and post- scutellum yellowish. Abdomen a light fuscous yellowish, the incisures, pleurae and venter pale orange. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Coxae and base of femora yellowish, tibiae and tarsi mostly dark brown. Bred July 15, 1907, in association with Lasioptera vitis O. S. from the typical galls of this latter species. It would appear from the numbers reared that either species could pro- duce this gall. Type C. aii65a, N. Y. State Museum. Dasyneura adhesa n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, rather thickly haired, dark brown, 21 segments; face fuscous yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen dark brown, the segments rather sparsely margined posteriorly with yellowish hairs. Genitalia fuscous, pleurae and venter fuscous yellowish. Halteres whitish trans- parent. Coxae fuscous yellowish, femora and tibiae pale yellow- ish, narrowly annulate distally with dark brown or reddish brown. Tarsi brown, the distal segments darker. Female. Length .75 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth abdominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, the basal seg- ments yellowish, 22 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, the sub- median lines rather thickly haired. Scutellum and postscutellum light fuscous yellowish. Abdomen a nearly uniform dark brown, the basal segments yellowish, the others narrowly margined posteriorly with yellowish, pleurae and venter yellowish. In some specimens the venter is thickly clothed with silvery hairs. Halteres yellowish transparent. Coxae, femora and tibiae mostly pale yellowish, the femora narrowly and variably annulate dis- tally with fuscous, tarsi dark brown. Bred July 16, 1907, from oval cells, between the adherent leaves of Solidago canadensis, identical with those made b}^ A s p h o n d y 1 i a' m o n a c h a O. S. under similar conditions. Type C. ai568, N. Y. State Museum. 292 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dasyneura anemone n. sp. Male. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, sparsely haired, reddish brown, 15 segments. Head reddish yellow. Mesonotum dark brown, the narrow submedian lines yellowish. Abdomen dark brown, the incisures and pleurae yel- lowish, the venter reddish orange. Halteres pale yellowish, femora pale yellowish basally, darker apically, the tibiae and tarsi dark brown, the latter almost black in some specimens. Female, Length. 1.25 mm. Antennae extending to the second abdominal segment, sparsely haired, reddish • brown, 14 seg- ments. Color characters about as in the male, except that the mesonotum is not so dark and the dorsal surface of the abdomen is more heavily clothed with fuscous hairs. Bred July 12, 1907, from a loose bud gall on Anemone canadense taken at Kinderhook and Nassau, N. Y. Type C. ai522, N. Y. State Museum. Dasyneura coryli n. sp. Male. Length i mm. Antennae longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown or black, basal segments pale yel- lowish, 14 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, the narrow sub- median lines yellowish, sparsely haired. Scutellum and post- scutellum pale yellowish. Abdomen dark orange, very sparsely clothed with fuscous hairs. Genitalia pale yellowish. Halteres large, yellowish basally, fuscous subapically. Legs with the coxae and base of femora pale yellowish, gradually becoming darker toward the tip, the distal portion of femora and tibiae light fuscous, tarsi dark brown. Female. Length about i mm. Antennae not quite as long as the body, sparsely haired, pale yellowish, 13 segments. The entire body a pale lemon-yellow though the vestiture of the abdomen is abundant enough to give some indication of band- ing. Halteres dark brown. Legs pale yellowish. Bred July 11, 1907, from a fuzzy wrinkled fold gall at the base of hazel leaves taken at West Nyack, N. Y. Type C. ai543, N. Y. State Museum. Dasyneura cyanococci n. sp. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae one half the length of the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, the basal segment and face yellowish, 15 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, the sub- REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 293 median lines thickly haired. Scutellum brownish red, postscu- tellum yellowish red. Abdomen dark brown, the incisures dark reddish, the venter pale yellowish. Genitalia fuscous. Halteres pale yellowish, slightly fuscous apically. Coxae and base of femora pale yellowish, the latter slightly fuscous distally, tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Bred September 9, 1907, from a loose apical bud gall on blue- berry taken at Stowe, Mass. Type C. ai7oo, N. Y. State Museum. Dasyneura fraxinifclia n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, brown, the basal segments yellowish, 14 seg- ments; face yellowish. Mesonotum reddish brown, the sub- median lines pale yellowish. Scutellum light reddish brown, postscutellum a little lighter. Abdomen fuscous yellowish, the second to seventh segments shaded with light brown. Genitalia fuscous, venter light yellowish. Halteres yellowish basally, light brown apically. Legs a light straw, the distal tarsal seg- ments darker. Bred August i, 1907, from tightly rolled ash leaves taken at Bath, N. Y. Type C. ai648a, N. Y. State Museum. Dasyneura salicifolia n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, thickly haired, fuscous yellowish, 16 segments, the basal seg- ment ventrally and face with patches of short, silvery hairs. Mesonotum dark brown, the lateral and submedian lines distinct and rather thickly clothed with long pale brown hairs. Abdo- men dark brown dorsally, silvery laterally, pleura with patches of silvery hairs interrupted beneath. Halteres pale yellowish. Coxae pale yellowish with silvery hairs, femora pale silvery at base, fuscous apically, tibiae and tarsi darker. Bred August 14, 1907, from young terminal adherent willow leaves. Type C. ai675, N. Y. State Museum. Rhabdophaga salicifolia n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae probably a little longer than the body, sparsely haired, dark brown, probably 20 seg- 294 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ments; face fuscous. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum deep reddish brown, post- scutellum dark fuscous. Abdomen dark brown, sparsely clothed with fine hairs. Halteres fuscous basally, fuscous yellowish apically. Legs a somewhat variable fuscous yellowish, femora basally light yellowish. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth abdominal segment, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish, 20 seg- ments ; face fuscous with a patch of white scales just below the eyes. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines rather thickly clothed with fine. hairs. Scutellum reddish brown with numerous setae apically, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen very sparsely clothed with fine hairs, brown, the incisures and pleurae deep orange; ovipositor pale yellowish. Halteres pale yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs fuscous yellowish. Bred in July 1907, from a pouch gall on Spiraea salici- folia taken at Albany, N. Y. Type C. ai5o5, N. Y. State Museum. Asphondylia arizonensis n. sp. Male. Length 4.5 mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, sparsely clothed with fine hairs, light brown, 14 segments, Mesonotum dark brown, nearly naked. Scutellum pale yellow- ish, postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen light brown, rather thickly clothed with yellowish hairs, the eighth segment pale yelloAvish, genitalia fuscous. Halteres pale yellowish. Legs mostly a light yellowish brown, the distal tarsal segments red- dish brown. Female. Length 5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs, light yellowish brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum grayish brown, the submedian lines rather thickly clothed with fine hairs. Scutellum light fuscous yellowish, postscutellum a little lighter. Abdomen light yellowish brown, thickly clothed with fine, grayish hairs, the eighth segment yellowish. Bred ]\Iay 18, 1882, from large galls resembling the fruit of the prickly pear occurring on Cactus at Fort Grant, Ariz. Type C. 857, N. Y. State Museum, ^ 2676 U. S. Department of Agriculture. Asphondylia auripila n. sp. Male. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth ab- dominal segment, sparsely clothed with short, yellowish hairs, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 295 dark brown, 14 segments; face fuscous brown. Mesonotum brownish black, the submedian lines distinct, rather thickly clothed with 3'ellowish hairs. Scutellum reddish brown with a few apical setae, postscutelluni slightly darker. Abdomen red- dish brown, the second and following segments very thickly clothed with long, golden yellow hairs. Halteres reddish brown, pale yellowish distally. Pleurae and coxae reddish brown, the femora, tibiae and tarsi a variable reddish brown. Bred February 6, 1897, from galls on Larrea tridentati taken at Tucson, Ariz. Type C. 851, N. Y. State Museum, « 7320 U. S. Department of Agriculture. Asphondylia azaleae n. sp. Male. Length 4 mm. Antennae nearly as as long as the body, thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, 14 segments; face fuscous yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines thickly clothed with grayish hairs. Scutellum reddish brown, thickly clothed apically with long setae, postscutellum dark salmon. Abdomen dark brown, sparsely clothed with fine hairs, the segments rather thickly margined posteriorly with long setae, the eighth segment mostly pale orange, genitalia fuscous; pleurae rather thickly clothed with silvery white scales, the venter slightly lighter than the dorsum. Halteres yellowish white basally and apically, brown subapically. Coxae and femora fuscous yellowish, tibiae and tarsi mostly dark brown. The female resembles the male closely in general appearance. Bred June 15. 1907, from enlarged azalea buds taken at Albany. N. Y. Type C. ai48i, N. Y. State Museum. Asphondylia brevicauda n. sp. Female. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, reddish brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum dark brown. Scutellum yellowish red, postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen dark reddish brown, rather thickly haired. Halteres pale yellowish. Legs mostly yellowish brown, the tarsal segments darker. Taken at Fort Yuma. Ariz, by H. G. Hubbard. Type C. 1040, N. Y. State Museum. 296 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Asphondylia bumeliae n. sp. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae a little shorter than the body, sparsely clothed with short hairs, light brown, 14 seg- ments; face yellowish brown. Mesonotum light brown, indis- tinctly margined laterally and anteriorly with light yellowish, the submedian lines pale yellowish, sparsely clothed with fine hairs. Scutellum light yellow, postscutellum light brown. Ab- domen light brown, rather thickly clothed with fine, yellowish hairs. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Legs a variable brown, the extremities of tibiae and .tarsi slightly darker. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Color characters about as in the opposite sex. Bred June 6, 1896, from galls on Bumelia lanuginosa taken at Nuecestown, Tex. Type C. 849, N. Y. State Museum, >^' 745 U. S. Department of Agriculture. Asphondylia hydrangeae n. sp. Male. Length 4 mm. Antennae extending about to the fifth abdominal segment, thickly clothed with short, yellowish hairs, reddish brown, 14 segments ; face and mouth parts yellowish brown. Mesonotum olive-brown, the anterior lateral angles yellowish, the submedian lines rather distinct and rather thickly clothed with yellowish hairs. Scutellum yellowish brown with numerous long, yellowish apical setae, postscutellum yellowish brown. Abdomen dark brown, thickly and rather uniformly clothed with rather short, yellowish or brown setae, the latter color more apparent along the median line, the hairs on the sides and venter yellowish or silvery white. Halteres yellowish basally, reddish brown apically; pleurae reddish brown, coxat and the femora basally yellowish brown, the distal portions of the femora, tibiae and tarsi a nearly uniform dark brown. Bred May 6, 1884, from gall on Hydrangea arbores- c e n s taken in Virginia. Type C. 852, N. Y. State Museum, ^ 3353 U. S. Department of Agriculture. Asphondylia ilicoides n. sp. Male. Length 3 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely clothed with short hairs, dark brown, basal segment pale at the base, 14 segments. Mesonotum brown, dusted with REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 297 priiinose, the submedian lines sparsely clothed with gray setae and with a lateral row of setae in front of the wing insertion. Pleura and scutellnm concolorous with the mesonotum, the latter thickly clothed with long, grayish setae. Abdomen dark brown dorsally, sparsely clothed with gray setae, which are apparently longer posteriorly; ventrally the abdomen is yellow- ish red, rather thickly clothed with short, shining gray hairs. Halteres pale basally, fuscous subapically, slightly so apically. Coxae and the basal two thirds of the posterior femora luteous, the latter shading to a very dark brown apically. Tibiae and tarsi black, the anterior legs similarly colored; the mid legs have the femora quite a little darker at the base. Female. Length a little less than 3 mm. Antennal and color, characters about as in the opposite sex. Ovipositor when ex- tended nearly as long as the body. Bred June 20, 1907, from a small, oval, green bud gall on Ilicoides mucronata taken at Old Forge, N. Y. Type C. ai548, N. Y. State Museum. Asphondylia macrofila n. sp. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, sparsely clothed with short hairs, light brown, 14 segments; face reddish yellow. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs. Scutellum pale yellowish with a few fuscous apical setae, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen reddish brown, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs, genitalia fuscous yellowish. Halteres yellowish, red- dish brown subapically. Legs reddish brown, the tarsi slightly darker. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae a little shorter than the body, sparsely clothed with rather coarse hairs, dark brown, 14 segments. Color characters about as^ in the opposite sex. Bred May 4, 1887, from galls on Amsinckia lycop- s o i d e s taken at Los Angeles and Alameda, Cal. Type C. 855, N. Y. State Museum, # 175 in red ink, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Asphondylia salictaria n. sp. Female. Length 3.5 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs, yellowish brown, 14 seg- ments. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines fuscous yellowish, thickly clothed with long setae. Scutellum yellowish 298 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM brown with numerous coarse setae apically, postscutellum dull yellowish white. Abdomen brown, rather thickly clothed with fine setae, the segments variably margined posteriorly with whitish setae, the basal segment margined anteriorly and posteriorly with silvery white, venter thickly clothed with silvery hairs. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Coxae and base of femora fuscous yellowish, distal portion of femora, tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Bred May 15, 1899, from willow twigs taken at Pleasant- ville, Ind. Type C. 859, N. Y. State Museum, .S^ 4423 U. S. Department of Agriculture. Asphondylia smilacinae n. sp. Male. Length 3 mm. Antennae as long as the body, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs, light brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum reddish brown, the sublateral areas darker with a distinct irregular fuscous area at the anterior and posterior lateral angles, the submedian lines indistinct, dull orange, sparsely clothed with short setae. Scutellum pale yellowish, thickly clothed with short setae, postscutellum orange yellowish. Abdo- men a dull yellowish brown, the basal segment sparsely clothed with long, yellowish setae. Halteres fuscous yellowish. Coxae and base of femora yellowish brown, the distal portion of femora, tibiae and tarsi a variable dark yellowish brown. Bred from September 26 to October 2, 1888, from deformed berries of Vagnera racemosa taken presumably at Wash- ington, D. C. Type C. 860, N. Y. State Museum, ,"«?•' 4343 U. S. Department of Agriculture. Rhopalotnyia asteriflorae n. sp. Female. Length 2.5 mm. Antennae extending to the third abdominal segment, sparsely haired, pale fuscous yellowish, 19 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum dark brown with numerous coarse setae api- cally, postscutellum fuscous orange. Abdomen reddish brown, the incisures and pleurae dark orange, ventral sclerites dark brown, ovipositor fuscous yellowish. Halteres pale yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Coxae and base of femora fuscous yel- lowish, the distal portion of femora, tibiae and tarsi fuscous. Bred September 25, 1907, from the somewhat dwarfed heads of Aster panic u lata taken at Albany, N. Y. Type C. ai757, N. Y. State Museum. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ 299 Rhopalomyia audibertiae n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae probably nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, light brown, 14 segments. Meso- notum dark reddish brown. Scutellum reddish brown. Abdo- men dark brown. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs nearly uniform light straw. Bred in April, from gall on Audibertia stachyoides. Type C. 1029, N. Y. State Museum. Rhopalomyia clarkei n. sp. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae about two thirds the length of the body, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish, the basal segment and face fuscous; 17 segments. Mesonotum shining dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum dark red, post- scutellum fuscous. Abdomen dull red, the small dorsal sclerites somewhat fuscous, membrane and pleurae deep reddish orange, ovipositor fuscous yellowish. Halteres yellowish basally, fus- cous subapically, dull orange apically. Legs a variable fuscous yellowish. Bred October 8, 1907, from a very small, fusiform, pale green gall occurring mostly on the underside of the terminal leaves of Solidago rugosa and taken by Miss Cora H. Clarke at Tamworth, N. H. Type C. ai634, N. Y. State Museum. Hormomyia consobrina n. sp. Male. Length 5.5 mm. Antennae extending to the fifth ab- dominal segment, rather sparsely clothed with fine hairs, dark brown, 15 segments; face dark brown and yellowish. Mesono- tum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum pale orange yellow, postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen dark brown, the eighth segment mostly yellowish ; genitalia fus- cous, venter pale yellowish orange. Halteres pale yellowish. Legs light fuscous yellowish. Taken May 25, 1907, on dormant azalea. Type C. 1204, N. Y. State Museum. Hormomyia johnsoni n. sp. Male. Length 5 mm. Antennae extending to the fourth ab- dominal segment, sparsely haired, dark brown, 14 segments; 300 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM face dark reddish brown. Mesonotum very dark brown, the sub- median Hnes narrow, dark yellowish. Scutellum brown, reddish apically and laterally, postscutellum dark brown, reddish basally. Abdomen sparsely clothed with fine hairs, shining black. Hal- teres pale reddish, yellow basally, slightly fuscous apically. Legs a variable fuscou.<5 yellowish, distal tarsal segments darker. Taken May 28, 1906, by Prof. C. W. Johnson at Auburndale, Mass. Type C. 821, N. Y. State Museum. Hormomyia palustris n. sp. Male. Length 7 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, rather thickly clothed with fine hairs, pale yellowish, 25 to 27 segments; face fuscous. Mesonotum brown with the broad sub- median lines and posterior median area yellowish. Scutellum pale yellowish, postscutellum yellowish, margined posteriorly with fuscous. Abdomen yellowish with the first four segments mostly pale yellowish transparent, the fifth, sixth and seventh segments dull orange, genitalia fuscous yellowish. Halteres pale yellowish white. Legs a nearly uniform pale yellowish. Taken May 20, 1907, in considerable numbers on a lake marsh at Ithaca, N. Y. by Dr James G. Needham. Type C. 1205, N. Y. State Museum. Dichrodiplosis multifila n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae about as long as the body, thickly haired, fuscous brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum dark reddish browm, postscutellum fuscous. Abdomen dark brown, the seg- ments sparsely margined posteriorly with coarse setae. Halteres fuscous yellowish. Coxae and base of femora pale yellowish, distal portion of femora, tibiae and tarsi a variable brown. Taken at Porto Rico by August Busck. Type C. 1024, N. Y. State Museum, ^ 339 U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture. Dichrodiplosis quercina n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae yl longer than the body, thickly haired, light brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum yellow- ish brown, postscutellum darker. Abdomen reddish brown, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQG/ 3OI genitalia lighter, the segments rather thickly margined pos- teriorly with brown setae. Halteres pale yellowish. Legs light straw. Bred April 6, 1893. from leaves designated as English laurel, probably Quercus, taken at Augusta, Ga. Type C. 1006, N. Y. State Museum, # 5493 U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture. Arthrocnodax apiphila n. sp. Male. Length i mm. Antennae ^ longer than the body, thickly haired, fuscous straw, basal segment and face yellowish, 14 segments. Mesonotum yellowish or reddish brown, the sub- median lines indistinct. Scutellum yellowish or orange yellow, postscutellum yellow or orange yellowish. Abdomen yellowish or deep carmine. Genitalia fuscous yellowish. Halteres pale orange. Coxae and femora basally pale yellowish, the femora distally and tibiae light straw, tarsi light brown, the distal segments darker. Bred October 8, 1907, by Burton N. Gates, expert in apiculture, Washington, D. C., from small larvae which appeared to be feed- ing in mite infested m.aterial and excrement of old bee comlxs received from California. Type C. ai775, N. Y. State Museum. Mycodiplosis corylifolia n. sp. Male. Length i mm. Antennae about as long as the body, rather thickly haired, light brown, the basal segments yellowish, 14 segments. Thorax and abdomen a nearly uniform pale yel- lowish, the scutellum and base of the abdomen a little darker; genitalia whitish transparent. Coxae and base of femora mostly yellowish transparent, the distal portion of femora and tibiae pale yellowish, the tarsi fuscous straw, the distal segments darker. Female. Length 1.75 mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely haired, pale straw, 14 segments. Thorax and abdomen a very pale lemon-yellow. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs yellowish transparent basally, the tarsi a very pale yellowish straw. Bred July 23, 1907, from a fuzzy wrinkled fold gall at the base of hazel leaves taken at West Nyack, N. Y. Type C. ai543b, N. Y. State Museum. 302 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Contarinia agrimoniae n. sp. Male. Length i mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, sparsely haired, pale straw, 14 segments; face pale yellowish. Mesonotum fuscous, the submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum and postscutellum fuscous. Abdomen a fuscous greenish white or yellowish. Halteres yellowish. Coxae pale yellowish, fe- mora, tibiae and tarsi mostly brown. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae as long as the body. Color characters about as in the opposite sex. Bred September 3, 1907, from flowers of Agrimonia eupatoria taken at Bath, N. Y., August 16, 1907. Type C. 31696, N. Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia cerasifolia n. sp. Male. Length .75 mm. Antennae twice the length of the body, thickly haired, yellowish brown, 14 segments, the basal segment and face yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the sub- median lines indistinct. Scutellum bright red, the postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen yellowish brown or reddish, mem- brane and pleurae brown on the basal segments, genitalia yel- lowish. Halteres yellowish orange, fuscous subapically. Coxae yellowish, femora, tibiae and tarsi a light straw. Bred September 4, 1907, from irregularly thickened folded chokecherry leaves taken at Newfoundland, N. J. Type C. ai57i, N. Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia floricola n. sp. Male. Length i mm. Antennae ^4 longer than the body, sparsely haired, pale straw, 14 segments; face pale yellowish. Mesonotum brown, the submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum yellowish with a few long setae, postscutellum yellowish. Abdo- men pale yellowish, the segments margined posteriorly with long hairs. Halteres pale yellowish. Coxae, femora and tibiae pale yellowish, tarsi brownish gray, the segments paler basally. Bred August 15, 1907, from somewhat enlarged -reddened flowers of Spiraea salicifolia taken at Albany, N. Y. Type C. ai68i, N. Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia macrofila n. sp. Male. Length i mm. Antennae a little longer than the body, thickly haired, light brown, 14 segments. Mesonotum reddish REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 303 brown. Scutclluni light reddish yellow, postscutelluin darker. Abdomen reddish brown. Halteres yellowish transparent. Coxae, femora and tibiae pale yellowish, tarsi reddish brown. Bred August 6, 1902, from fungus taken at Las Vegas, N. M. Type C. 1023, N. Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia piperitae n. sp. Female. Length 1.25 mm. Antennae as long as the body, sparsely haired, brown ; 14 segments, basal segments and face yellowish. Mesonotum a shaded orange-red, the submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum reddish basally, light fuscous apic- ally, postscutellum deep orange. Abdomen pale orange. Hal- teres pale yellowish, slightly fuscous subapically. Legs a light yellowish orange, the anterior variably tinged with carmine. Bred September 4, 1907, from peppermint, Mentha pipe r i t a taken at Nassau, N. Y. Type C. ai663c, N. Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia scrophulariae n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae }'4 longer than the body, thickly haired, light brown, basal segments yellowish, 14 seg- ments. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum yellowish brown, postscutellum fuscous. Abdomen pale yellowish carmine, the basal segments apparently with a variable fuscous spot. Genitalia fuscous yellowish. Halteres yellowish transparent. Legs a variable fuscous straw, the tarsi nearly black. Bred August 8, 1907, from distorted flower buds of Scro- phularia marylandica taken at West Nyack, N. Y. Type C. ai569, N. Y. State Museum. Cecidomyia setariae n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae longer than the body, thickly haired, light brown, basal segments pale yellowish, the face light reddish, 14 segments. Mesonotum reddish, darker laterally,- submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum darker than the mesono- tum, postscutellum reddish. Abdomen reddish yellow, sparsely clothed with long hairs, membrane and pleurae reddish yellow. Halteres pale reddish or yellowish, coxae pale yellowish, anterior and mid femora and tibiae gray, the posterior femora and tibiae yellowish, the anterior and mid tarsi brownish, the posterior tarsi with the two basal segments yellowish, the others browa. 304 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Bred Aiig^ust 25, 1907, from seeds of tlic common foxtail grass taken at Albany, N. Y. Type C. 31721, N. Y. State Museum. .■■--■-'■■ I Cecidomyia spiraeafiorae n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm. Antennae ^ longer than the body, rather thickly haired, pale straw, 14 segments ; face pale fuscous. Mesonotum brown, the submedian lines whitish. Scutellum yellowish. Abdomen a greenish bronze, the first segment yel- lowish. Halteres pale fuscous yellowish. Coxae pale yellow- ish, femora yellowish at the base, fuscous- apically, tibiae and tarsi also fuscous. Bred August 24, 1907, from slightly enlarged reddened flowers, of Spiraea salicifolia taken at Albany, N. Y. Type C. ai68ib, N. Y. State Museum. Bryocrypta pectinata n. sp. Male. Length 1.75 mm. Antennae about ^4 longer than the body, sparsely haired, pale yellowish, 16 segments; face yellow- ish. Mesonotum a light fuscous yellowish. Scutellum, post- scutellum and abdomen a pale yellowish. Halteres yellowish trans- parent. Legs a nearly uniform yellowish straw. Bred August 9, 1907, from a jar containing several basswood leaves, each with irregular subglobular swellings along the mid vein. This species may be an inquiline or it may have lived on the decaying leaf tissues. Type C. ai599, N. Y. State Museum. i Winnertzia pinicorticis n. sp. Male. Length i mm. Antennae as long as the body, rather thickly haired, fuscous yellowish, 14 segments. Mesonotum dark brown, sparingly clothed with yellowish setae, the sub- median lines indistinct. Scutellum reddish brown, postscutellum a little darker. Abdomen dark brown. Halteres pale yellowish. Legs a nearly uniform fuscous yellowish. Bred February 16, 1892, from bark of Pinus inops taken at Strom, Va. Type C. 1047, N. Y. State Museum, ^ 5217 U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture. CIRCUMFILI OF THE CECIDO:\IYIIDAEi These peculiar antennal structures are wfiat have been more generally known as arched filaments. They were first discov- ered by Targioni-Tozetti in 1888 and independently observed by Kieffer in 1895. They are most highly developed in the male Diplosids [fig. 43], consisting in these forms of nearly homogeneous whorls of long, looped filaments extending around the en- largements of the segments. Each loop is closely fused to the base of its fellow, and the entire whorl presents every appear^ ance of being one structure. This peculiar development also occurs in female Diplosids, being represented in this sex by slightly elevated, nearly colorless threads supported by minute stalks. There is usually, in this sex, a circumfilum near the base and one near the apex of the enlargement of each segment, the two being connected by one or more longitudinal fili. There is very rarely a connection between the two or three circumfili on a segment in the male Diplosid; though an evidently abnor- mal connection of this character has been observed in the case of the male H o r m o m y i a a m e r i c a n a Felt [fig. 42] . The homologous character of these apparently dififerent structures in the two sexes is confirmed by the fact that in the male Bremia [fig. 44] the basal circumfilum of the distal enlargement is low and exactly like that of the female. These structures occur not only in the Diplosids but also in practically all other Ceci- domyiinae, not being present, so far as know^n to us, in the Lestreminae. The genus Lasioptera has these structures in a very simple form, they being in both sexes merely slightly ele- vated threads supported by slender stalks and joined on at least one face of the segment. Rhabdophaga and its allies have a similar arrangement, except that in the male there is a slight indication of greater specialization, and the same is practically true of Rhopalomyia. The most striking variations on some accounts are those found in the Asphondyliariae. The circum- fili in the male Asphondylia [fig. 38] consists of a more or less variable series of extremely tortuous, slightly elevated threads * Read at the third meeting of the Entomological Society of America held at Chicago, 111., December 30, 31* I907- ;J05 3o6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM reaching from the apex of the segment to its base, usually in the form of two more or less well defined loops. In the female, the circumfili girdle the segment near its basal fourth and apically and are united on one face by a longitudinal filum. The genus Schizomyia [fig. 39] in the Asphondyliariae is nota- ble because of its thicker, more elevated and more strongly convolute circumfili, though the general plan is similar to what obtains in Asphondylia. The genus Cincticornia [fig. 41], on the contrary, presents remarkable modifications, in that the male antennal segment may be girdled by 10 or more low anastomosing circumfili, while the antennal segment of the female is literally inclosed in a coarse reticulation of these peculiar structures. Furthermore, it should be added that these strikingly modified circumfili are accompanied by marked and relatively constant variations in other organs. The male Dip- losids, as noted above, present the maximum development in these structures. The genus Contarinia [fig. 43], for example, is more easily separated from other genera by the occurrence of but two even circumfili in the male, than by the apparent uniformity of the enlargements of the antennal segments. The genera Bremia and Aphidoletes [fig. 44, 45] are remarkable in that the slender circumfili are greatly produced on one side, even to a length equal twice that of the entire segment. The Epi- dosariae show considerable variation in these structures, there being a marked tendency toward the production of long, slender tips at the apex of the segment. The most unique type is found in the genus Winnertzia [fig. 48] , in which the circumfili appear to be modified to form horseshoelike appendages, one on each face of the segment, the produced free ends extending beyond the apex of the enlarged portion of the segment. These structures appear to have no homologies in related groups, unless they are analogous to the peculiar, apparently fleshy hypodermal structures protruding from relatively large, symmetrically placed orifices on the antennal segments of the Campylomyzariae [fig. 31] and of certain Chironomidae. The origin of these peculiar structures is not easy to deter- mine. Kieflfer, several years ago, suggested that they might be remnants of hypodermal lamellae, the margins of which had become thickened and chitinized, while the membranous portion disappeared. At that time we accepted his theory tentatively, as we had nothing better to ofifer. It is now extremely difificult REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 3O7 to hold this as an adequate explanation of the origin of these structures, when one considers the very tortuous courses taken by these fili in the male Asphondylia for example, or the bizarre form presented in Winnertzia. Furthermore, if these structures were originally the thickened margins of lamellae, we would expect traces of a membrane in some of the lower forms such, for example, as the females of Dasyneura, Rhabdophaga and Lasioptera. There appears to be no trace of any such remnant, and we are therefore led to believe that these organs may be hypodermal structures which, through a process of development, have migrated from the interior of the antennal segment, be- coming external, and thus greatly increased their value as auditory organs. An alternative explanation is that the cir- cumfili are simply specially modified setae which have become, in some unknown manner, most intimately connected one with the other. STUDIES IN CECIDOMYIIDAE II The following matter relating to the Cecidomyiidae represents only a small portion of our work upon this group. It is pub- lished as a preliminary contribution to the classification of our American forms. The tables for the separation of the major groups, genera and species have been sorely needed in the past, and will undoubtedly have a most important influence on all subsequent work in this extremely interesting and very important group. PRELIMINARY KEYS FOR THE RECOGNITION OF CER- TAIN CECIDOMYIIDAE The following diagnoses and keys should prove of consider- able service in identifying many of the American species be- longing to this exceedingly interesting group. They are to be regarded as tentative, since it has been impossible for us to go over the entire material in a thorough manner, and further study may lead to considerable modification in our views. Keys to subfamilies and tribes a Metatarsus longer than the following segment; five tarsal segments and at least four long veins h Fourth long vein present Subfamily LESTREMIINAE c Fourth vein forked Tribe LESTREMIINARIAE re Fourth vein simple Tribe CAMPYLOMV ZARIAE aa Metatarsus usually longer than the follovi/ing segment; at least three long veins Subfamily HETEROPEZINAE aaa Metatarsus always shorter than the following segment ; wings with three or four long veins Subfamily CECIDOMYIINAE 308 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM b Third vein simple at base, not forked c Costa thickly scaled, third vein close to the anterior margin of the wing Tribe LASIOPTERARIAE cc Costa rare thickly clothed with scales, the third vein well separated therefrom d Antennae cyclindric, never binodose in the male e Claws toothed Tribe DASYNEURIARIAE ce Claws simple f Antennal segments cylindric or subcylindric, not elongated, usually stalked in the male. . Tribe OUGOTROPHIARIAE ff Antennal segments cylindric, elongated sessile Tribe ASPHONDYLIARIAE dd Antennae binodose in the male Tribe DIPLOSARIAE hb Third vein forked at the base, apparently arising in most species di- rectly from subcosta Tribe EPIDOSARIAE I.ESTREMIINAE The Lestremiinae are easily recognized by the metatarsus being distinctly longer than the follow^ing segments, and by the pres- ence of five tarsal segments and at least four long veins. LESTREMIINARIAE This tribe is easily distinguished from the following by the dis- tinctly forked fourth vein [pi. 33, fig. 1-3]. Key to genera a Costa continuous and extending beyond the apex of the wing Catocha Hal. aa Costa not attaining the apex of the wing, practically disappearing at its union with the 3d vein b Antennae greatly reduced; 8 to 9 segments in the male, the 2d greatly enlarged ; in the female 10 short segments, the 2d somewhat enlarged Microcerata n. g. (Type Micro myia corni Felt, C. 459) hb Antennae not greatly reduced; male with 16, female with li antennal segments Lcstremia Macq. CATOCHA Members of this genus are easily recognized by the costa being continuous and extending beyond the apex of the wing, where it is joined by the third vein ; the fourth vein is forked, the cell usually being distinctly shorter than in Lestremia. The antennae differ greatly from those of Lestremia, being in the male of C . americana [fig. 29] distinctly binodose, while in the case of C. slossonae the basal enlargement is distinctly prolonged and RRPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 3O9 provided with several whorls of setae. The genitalia are also of a different type. Nothing is known concerning the life history of American forms. Ivieffer states that the larvae of the European C. muscicola Kieff. occur on mosses. It is probable that these forms are sylvan as in the case of Lestrcmia and allied genera. Key to species a Length 4 mm ; antennae binodose a m e r i c a n a n. sp., C. 929 aa Length 1.5 mm ; antennae not binodose slossonae n. sp., C. 931 •t^ig. 29 Catocha americana n. sp., 6th antennal segment of male, much en- larged. (Original) MICROCERATA n. g. This genus has been erected to include several forms remarkable because of the greatly reduced male antennae. These organs are composed of but 8 to 9 short segments, the second being greatly enlarged and in general appearance much resembling those of the Campylomyzine genus M i c r o m y i a . The genitalia also differ from those of Lestremia. The female, which we have provisionally associated with the above mentioned male, has very small antennae composed of 10 short joints, the second being somewhat enlarged. 3IO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM The form described, M . p e r p 1 e x a , appears to be closely re- lated to M . d i e r V i 1 1 a e Felt, and it is possible that it is the female of this species. Key to species 0 Antennal segments 8 b 4th palpal segment more tlian twice the length of the 3d; harpes broadly rounded apically j o h n s o n i n. sp., C. 8c2 bh 4th palpal segment nearly twice the length of tiie 3d ; harpes subacute apically c o c k c r e 1 1 i n. sp., C. 932 aa Antennal segments 9 b Subcosta uniting with the margin before th^ basal half ; wings small, narrow ( M i c r o m y i a) c o rn i Felt, C. 459 bb Subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal half; wings rather large, broad- (M i c r o m y i a) d i e r v i 1 1 a e Felt, C. 490 aaa Antennal segments 10 b Length 1.5 mm; body dark brown perplexa n. sp. LESTREMiA Macq. This genns is easily recognized by the characteristic fork of the fourth vein, by costa not attaining the apex of the wing and by the antennae being well developed, those of the male having 16 and those of the female 11 segments. The segments of the female antennae are short, subcylindric or subconical and in some species at least, ornamented distally with thick rows of short, stout, chiti- nous, sensory processes. The male antennae are composed of 16 segments, which latter are provided with a distinct stem nearly as long or longer than the basal enlargement, which in turn is orna- mented by one or more crenulate whorls from the base of which arise long, curved setae. The genitalia are very characteristic. Nothing is known concerning the life history and habits of mem- bers of this genus, aside from the fact that they are most abundant in the vicinity of forests. Kieffer states that the European L. leucophaea Meig. occurs in decaying beech wood and it is very probable that our American forms breed largely in rotting ligneous tissues. Key to species a Antennal segments 11; females b Alidomcn reddish brown c Scutellum dark brown; basal segment of ovipositor with a length fully twice its width; terminal segment small, narrowly oval and distinctly shorter than the basal segment e 1 o n g a t a n. sp., C. 933 cc Scutellum yellowish brown ; basal segment of ovipositor broadly triangular, its length not more than i/$ greater than its width ; ter- minal segment nearly as long as the basal one, narrowly oval b a r b e r i n, sp., C. 934 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ 3^^ bb Abdomen luscous yellowish c Length 3 mm d Terminal segment of ovipositor orbicular; claws minutely dentic- ulate ( C a t o c h a) s y 1 v e s t r i s P^elt, ai642 cc Length 1.5 mm d 4th palpal segment H longer than the 3d; basal segment of the ovipositor y2 longer than broad (Catocha) s a m b u c i Felt, C. 743 dd 4th palpal segment twice the length of the 3d; basal segment of ovipositor a litlle longer than broad.k a n s e n s.i s n. sp., C1261 la 16 antennal segments; males b Stems of antennal segments Y^ or Va, the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement c Dorsal plate short, broad, triangularly emarginate, the four palp segments successively longer pini Felt, C. 562 cc Dorsal plate broad, tapering, roundly emarginate, the 3d and 4th palp segments not longer than the preceding ( Campylomyza) a c e r i f o li a Felt, C. 71 bb Stems of antennal segments as long as the basal enlargement c Basal clasp segment with a conspicuous setose basal lobe internally (Catocha) solidaginis Felt, C. 700, 633, 691 cc Basal clasp segment with no well developed basal lobe internally d 4th palpal segment as long as the 3d e Scutcllum fuscous yellcwish ; dorsal plate not convolute, nearly truncate distahy s e t o s a n. sp., Sc. 22 dd 4th palpal segment yi longer than the 3d c Abdomen dark brown; scutellum reddish brown; dorsal plate convolute, broadly rounded distally and margined posteriorly, with moderate setae (Catocha)..spiraeina Felt, C. 274 ce Abdomen dark yellowish brown; scutellum yellowish brown; dorsal plate obliquely truncate distally and margined poste- riorly with stout, divergent setae. .franconiae n. sp., C. 930 bbb Antennal stem ^4 longer than the basal enlargement c Abdomen dark reddish brown; scutellum yellowish brown; basal enlargement of antenna with two crenulate whorls and with a length about twice its diameter; terminal clasp segment bidentate apically d y a r i n. sp., C. 935 cc Abdomen dark brown; scutellum dark reddish- brown; basal enlarge- ment of antenna with one crenulate whorl and with a length a little greater than its diameter; terminal clasp segment acute dis- tally v e r n a 1 i s n. sp., C. 1260 CAMPYLOMYZARIAE ]\Iembers of this group are easily distinguished from the Lestre- miinariae by the simple character of the fourth vein [pi. 33, fig. 4' 5' 7]- ^^ recognize at present the two genera Joanissia and Campylomyza, though the latter comprises a number of divergent forms which should probably be referred to different genera. 312 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Key to genera a Antennal segments globose with a smooth stem distally and ornamented only with whorls of long hairs. The 3d vein is well separated from costa and unites with the n^argin at or beyond the apex Joanissia Kieff. aa Antennae variable, frequently with crenulate wliorls and subapically with variously formed chitinous structures ; the 3d vein uniting with the margin before or near the apex Campylomyza Meig. JOANISSIA KiefF. This genus presents a very characteristic invm and is easily sepa- rated from all other Cecidomyiids. The antennae in both sexes are composed of a number of segments, each consisting of a subglobu- FiR. 30 Joanissia photophila Felt, sth and loth antennal segments of male ■ much enlarged. (Original) lar basal enlargement ornamented only with irregular whorls of simple setae .and a smooth, cylindric stem distally [fig. 30]. The male has 14 and the female 11 antennal segments. The palpi are tri or quadriarticulate. The venation of the wing is very charac- teristic, as the third vein is well separated from costa, runs nearly parallel thereto and unites with the margin at or well beyond the apex ; the fourth vein is simple. Nothing is known concerning the life history of our native forms, though Kieff er has recorded the rearing of several European species from decaying wood, from tufts of moss and also from a mold covering a fungus. It is very probable that our American forms live under similar conditions, particularly as they seem most abundant in the vicinity of forests or other conditions where decay- ing vegeta'ble matter is present in some abundance. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 313 Key to species a 14 antennal segments, males b Legs thickly haired c Postscutellum reddish brown (Campylomyza) photophila Felt, C. 747, 748, 753, 472 cc Postscutellum fuscous yellowish flavoscuta n. sp., C. 653 bh Legs sparsely haired (Campylomyza) carolinae Felt, C. ai6i9 oa II antennal segments, females b Abdomen dark brown, unicolorous ; palpi triarticulate flavopedalis n. sp., C. 687 bb Abdomen dark reddish brown, fuscous distally; palpi quadriarticu- late (Campylomyza) carolinae Felt, ai6i9 CAMPYLOMYZA Mcig. We have deemed it advisable to include under this name, for the present at least, all those forms not referable to Joanissia Kieff., Fig. 31 Campylomyza lignivora Felt, sth and 6th antennal segments of female, much enlarged. (Original) despite the fact that the species can evidently be broken up into groups, some of which should be accorded generic value. Key to species a II antennal segments b Antennal segments with the stem Y4 longer than the basal enlarge- ment flavoscuta Felt, C. 117 bb Antennal stem very short, the segments subsessile, females c Subcosta uniting with the margin at the distal third d Abdomen fuscous yellowish, unicolorous; antennal segments stout, short haired b r y a n t i n. sp., C. 796 dd Abdomen fuscous yellowish, reddish basally; antennal seg- ments rather slender, long haired sylvestris Felt, C. ai620 ddd Abdomen reddish brown ; antennal segments stout with sub- apical whorls of stout, chitinous spines..! u nan. sp., C. 547 314 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM cc Subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal half d Mesonotnm dark brown; scutellum dark reddish brown brevicornis Felt, C. 725, 756, 882, 1229 ccc Subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal 3d ; abdomen fus- cous yellowish; antennal segments stout, with stemmed disks g i 1 1 e t t i n. sp., C. 1239a aa 12 antennal segments, females b Scutellum pale reddish yellow ; abdomen pale fuscous yellow ; anten- nae with stemmed disks toxic od end ri Felt, C. 122 bb Scutellum reddish brown; abdomen fuscous yellowish; antennal seg- ments with curved, chitinous spines subapically versicolor n. sp., C. 617 bbb Scutellum dark brown ; abdomen dark fuscous yellowish ; antennal segments with a subapical chitinous collar c Chitinous collar on antennal segments apparently incised ; 3d palpal segment narrowly oval, with a length about twice its diameter d e f ec t i v a n. sp., C. 715 cc Chitinous collar on antennal segments heavy, not incised ; 3d palpal segment slender d Wings long, narrow ; 4th palpal segment twice the length of the 3d. greatly dilated s i ! v a n a n. sp., C. 883 dd Wings medium; 4th palpal segment with a length J/2 greater tlian the 3d simulator n. sp., C. 885 Ibhb Scutellum and abdomen dark brown; antennal segments with stout, chitinous spines su'oapically kasloensis n. sp., C. 881 aaa 13 antennal segments b Antennal segments with a distinct stem and with crenulate chitinous whorls ; male v i t i n e a Felt, C. 759 bh Antennal segments subsessile, with no distinct stem; crenulate whorls absent; females c Antennal segments with a flaring chitinous collar subapically d Wings long, slender e 5th tarsal segment on posterior legs with a length fully I J/ to twice the diameter; terminal segment of ovi- positor somewhat produced, broadly oval t s u g a e Felt, C. 166 cc 5th tarsal segment on posterior legs with a length 2 to 25^ times the diameter; terminal segment of ovipositor suborbicular b o u 1 d e r i n. sp., C. 886 dd Wings bread; Icnglli 2.5 mm, abdomen dark reddish brown.. 1 a t i p e n n i s n. sp., C. a 1457 cc Antennal segments without subapical chitinous collar ; scutellum dark reddish brown 1 o n g i p e n n i s n. sp., C. 72>2> aaaa 15 antennal segments; each with the stem J4 longer than the basal enlargement ; males b Mesonotum black; abdomen dark brown. . . . . .c a r p i n i Felt, C. 107 aaaaa 16 antennal segments; each with the stem Yi the length of the sub- cylindric basal enlargement; males c Mesonotum black ; abdomen dark brown lignivora Felt, C. ai6i4 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 315 aaaaaa' 20 or more antennal segments; stemmed disks present; females b 21 antennal segments ; gland orifices on 7th abdominal segment trumpet- shaped lignivora Felt, C. ai6l4 bb 22 antennal segments ; gland orifices on 7tli abdominal segment sub- globular articulosa n. sp., C 884 aaaaaaa 14 antennal segments b Antennal segments subsessile, stem only ]a or Y3 the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement c Abdomen fuscous yellowish ; mesonotum reddish brown ; sub- costa uniting with the margin near the middle pinicorticis n. sp., C. 799 cc Abdomen reddish or dark brown d Subcosta uniting with the margin at the distal third g r a m i n e a Felt, C. 5 dd Subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal half e Enlargement of the antennal segment with a length 1^4 greater than its diameter and bearing 6 whorls of short, stout, obtuse setae; palpi stout, .hirsuta n. sp., C. 729 ee Enlargement of antennal segment with a length ^ greater than its diameter and bearing 5 whorls of short, stout, obtuse setae; palpi slender, .c u r r e i n. sp., C. 881 a ddd Subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal 3d e Terminal clasp segment swollen at the distal 3d ; abdomen dark brown or black 1 e g u m i n i c o I a Felt, C. 121 bb Antennal segments with the stem about ^-^ the length of the sub- cylindric basal enlargement c Abdomen dark brown populi Felt, C. 115 cc Abdomen yellowish d Antennal segments asymmetrical, the middle claw denticu- ^^*6 p r o d u c t a n. sp., C. 726 dd Antennal segments symmetrical pomifolia, 3379 bbb Antennal segments with a smooth stem about }i the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement ; males c Terminal clasp segment short, stout, pulvilli present d Terminal clasp segment greatly swollen near the middle, the •• 4th palpal segment slender, twice as long as the preceding pomiflorae Felt, C. 12 dd Terminal clasp segment short, greatly swollen near the distal 3d, the 4th palpal segment slender, twice as long as the preceding balsamicola Felt, C. 145 ddd Terminal clasp segment moderately swollen near the distal 3d, 4th palpal segment Yi longer than the 3d karnerenis Felt, C. 29 dddd Terminal clasp segment moderately swollen near the middle, the 4th palpal segment about twice the length of the preceding e Wings narrow hesperia n. sp., C. 714 ee Wings broad latipennis n. sp., C. ar457 cc Terminal clasp segment prolonged, swollen and broadly rounded distally and with a distinct stem basally; pulvilli present 3l6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM d Basal enlargement of the antennal segments with a length about ^ greater than its diameter; the 4th palpal segment Yz longer than the 3d b a r I o w i n. sp., C. 798 ccc Terminal clasp segment long, more or less flattened, not roundly swollen ; pulvilli absent d Basal enlargement of the antennal segment with a length fully twice its diameter ; the 4th palpal segment twice the length of the 3d, the base of the terminal clasp segment not greatly flattened and dilated cerasi Felt, C. 18 dd Basal enlargement of the antennal segment probably with a length not more than ^ greater than its diameter ; the 4th palpal segment only J^ longer than the 3d ; terminal clasp segment broad at base, strongly flattened g i b b o s a Felt, C. 162 bbb Antennal segments with a smooth stem fully yi longer than the basal enlargement ; males c Terminal clasp segment stout, elongate, ovoid; palpi quadriar- ticulate modesta Felt, C. 147 cc Terminal clasp segment stout, produced, not dilated ; palpi tri- articulate texana n. sp., C. 1258 ccc Terminal clasp segment much produced; palpi quadriarticu- late t u c k e r i n. sp., C. 1259 cccc Terminal clasp segment greatly dilated, subtriangular in out- line dilatata Felt, C. 1109 HETEROPEZINAE This subfamily comprises a few peculiar forms. The metatarsus is usually longer than the following segment and there are at most three long veins. The ocelli are wanting and the second tarsal segment is somewhat shorter than the first. The American repre- sentatives of this group may be separated by the following table. Key to genera a Wing; membrane finely haired, the long veins simple b Tarsi quadriarticulate, the metatarsus longer than the second seg- ment Miastor Mein. bb Tarsi biarticulate, the metatarsus shorter than the second segment... Oligarces Mein. aa Wing; membrane thickly scaled b Three simple long veins, the tarsi 5 segmented. .. .Brachyneura Rond. Miastor Mein. But one American representative of this genus, M. a m e r i c a n a Felt, is known. This species was taken at Highland, N. Y., on either beech or chestnut leaves. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 317 Oligarces Mein. Only one American representative is known ; namely, O . noveboracensis Felt. This species was taken in July and presumably bred from material brought into the office. Brachyneura Rond. This peculiar g^nus is easily separated from Lasioptera, which it closely resembles in a general way, by the densely scaled fuscous wings [pi. 33, fig. 6]. Two American species of Brachyneura have been reared. One, B. e u p a t o r i i , was bred presumably from an oval swelling on E u p a t o r i u m p e r f o 1 i a t u m. The other species, B. v i t i s was reared from a jar containing the familiar Lasioptera V i t s galls on grape and presumably came from this plant. Key to species a 5th antenna! segment with a length twice its diameter; scutellum yel- lowish b Antennae composed of 12 segments ; femora and tibia silvery grey. Bred from boneset, Eupatorium perfoliat'um eupatorii n. sp., C. ai349 bb Antennae composed of 11 segments, femora and tibiae dark brown V i t i s n. sp., C. aii65d aa 5th antenna! segment with a length 3 times its diameter, scutellum black, legs uniform fuscous or black americana Felt, C 734 LASIOPTERARIAE This group presents a very characteristic appearance as the adults are almost invariably a dark brown and more or less orna- mented with silvery white. The antennal segments are cylindric, sessile and vary greatly in number. The wings have the anterior margin thickly scaled and the first two long veins are very close to the anterior border, except in the somewhat aberrant genus Trot- teria, and to a less extent in the peculiar Camptoneuromyia. A large proportion of the species breed in stem galls on woody or her- baceous plants, though the genus Baldratia exhibits a marked pref- erence for the characteristic blister galls of certain compositae. The one Camptoneuromyia reared, C . a d h e s a Felt, breeds in ovate galls between adherent leaves of Solidago canadensis or S. serotina and also in a loose apical bud gall. The latter may possibly be only a modified form of the more common ad- herent gall. The last named is also inhabited by Asphondylia monacha O. S. The transformations in this group appear to occur invariably in the tissues of the host plant. 3l8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM HOST PLANTS AND GALLS OF LABIOPTERARIAE Achillea millefolium (yarrow) Flowers apparently unaffected Clinorhyncha millefolii, C. 1236 Asclepias A. incarnata. A slight swelling at the bases of the leaves Neolasioptera asclepiae, C. ai40i Aster Blister galls A. paniculata Oval, yellowish or brownish Baldratia paniculata, C. 757, aii67 A . la e V i s Oval, whitish Baldratia laeviana, C. 31287 Small, yellowish Baldratia flavomaculata, C. ai36ia Yellowish white, dark margined Baldratia fuscoanulata, C. a 1550, a 1662 Purplish white blister gall Baldratia asterifoliae, C. a 1594 Stem or branch galls Pustulate gall on stem Baldratia pustulata, C. ai520 Fusiform gall on branch Neolasioptera r a m u s c u 1 a , C. 31361, ai397, aisoo Fusiform stem gall on Diplopappus cornifolius Neolasioptera albitarsis, C. 31379, 31477 Atriplex canescens Irregular fusiform twig gall. . .L 3 s i o p t e r a willistoni, C. 31807 Gary a (hickory) Captured Trotteria caryae, C. 23\ Corylus (hazel) Csptured Neolasioptera h a m a m e 1 i d i s , C. 181 Captured Neolasioptera basslis, C. 739 Celastrus (bittersweet) Csptured Neolssiopters celsstri, C. 598 Clematis Ovipositing Neolasiopters clematidis, C. 315963 Convolvulus sepium Fusiform stem gall Lssioptera convolvuli, C. 31465 Cornus paniculata (dogwood) Yellowish, purple margined blister gall ..Lasioptera corni, C. 764, aii5i REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 3I9 Cornus stolonifera Irregular subcortical gall Xeolasioptcra cornicola, a.1423 Crataegus (thorn) Purplish blisterlike mine Lasioptera excavata, C. ai576 Diervilla trifida (honeysuckle) Bred from apparently normal twig.. L a sioptera caulicola,C. auGga Desmodium (tick trefoil) Irregular stem gall Lasioptera desmodii, C. 88, aiogi, 31376 Diplopappus cornifolius Oval stem gall N e o 1 a s i o p t e r a a 1 b i t a r s i s , C. 31379, 31477 Ephedra trifurca Irregular subcortical gall Lasioptera ephedricola Erigeron (horseweed) Apparently normal leaf, and possil:)ly a fusiform bud gall B a 1 d r a t i a m o d e s t a , C. 31427, ai666a Fusiform stem g3ll Neolasioptera erigeron tis, C. 314723, ai666 Eupatorium perfoliatum (boneset) Oval stem gall Neolasioptera perfoliat3, C. Iioi Bred from apparently normal flowers C 1 i n o r h y n c h a c u p 3 t o r i f 1 o r a e , C. 31689 Eupatorium ageratoides Subglohular stem gall Neolasioptera e u p a t o r i i , C. 31413 Filicis (fern) Captured C 1 i n o r h y n c h u s filicis, C. 386 Fraxinus (ash) Bred from jar containing subglohular leaf galls Lasioptera fraxinifolis, C. 315463 Grass C3ptured B 3 1 d r a t i a squamosa, C. 909 Fusiform stem gall B a 1 d r a t i 3 m u h 1 e n b e r g i a e , C. 770, 1206 Helianthus Bred from fusiform stem gall Lasioptera weldi, C. ai8i6 Helianthus strumosus Bred from unrecognized g3ll Neol3siopter3 helianthi, C. ai7i8x 320 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Hibiscus moescheutos (swamp rose mallow) Swollen steins Neolasioptera hibisci, C. ai4iO Humulus (hop) Swollen stems Lasioptera humulicaulis, C. 31446 Ilex (black alder) Captured Lasioptera cinerea, C. 7z Impatiens (snapdragon) Tumid leaf fold gall Lasioptera imp at ienti folia, C. aii66 Lactuca (milkweed) Irregular stem gall Lasioptera lactucae, C 489, 1102 Lindera (spicebush) Irregular subcortical gall Lasioptera linderae, C. 31417 Liriodendron (tulip) Captured Neolasioptera liriodendri, C. 291 Lycopus (bugleweed) Fusiform stem gall Lasioptera mitchellae, C. 31369 Fusiform stem gall Lasioptera lycopi, C. 31348 Mimulus glutinosus Stem gall Neolasioptera m i m u 1 i , C. 1052 Panicum macrocarpum About to oviposit in stem Lasioptera panici, C. 403 Pinus (pine) Captured Neolasioptera flavoventris, C. 478, 480 Prunus (cherry) Captured Neolasioptera sexniaculata, C. 265 ? 589 Captured on chokecherry La sioptera scroti n a, C. 79 Rudbeckia laciniata Bred from unrecognized gall Lasioptera rudbeckiae C. ai697b Quercus (oak) Bred from flowers Lasioptera quericiflorae, C. 900 Captured on scrub oak T r o 1 1 e r i a t a r s a t a , C. 667 Captured Lasioptera quercina, C. 96 Subcortical twig gall Lasioptera querciperda, C. 1054 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 32I Rubus (blackberry) Warty pruinose leaf gall , .. .L a s i op t e r a f a r i n o s a, C. ai343 Irregular subcortical stem gall Lasioptera nodulosa,C. ai42i Salix (willow) ^^P*"'"^^ Clinorhyncha karnerensis, C. 488 Sambucus (elder) Irregular subcortical gall N e o 1 a s i o p t e r a sambuci, 0.31404 Senecio arizonensis Irregular stem gall Lasioptera arizonensis, C. 1062 Silene (bouncing bet) ^^P^"^^^ Lasioptera Juvenal is, C. 703 Solanum carolinense Irregular spiny stem gall N e o 1 a s i 0 p t e r a solani, C. 903 Solidago (goldenrod) Bud galls Apical, convolute B.aldratia convoluta, C 31307 Apical bud galls on Euthamia lanceolata Lasioptera flavescens, C. a 1583b Blister galls Oval, yellowish Baldratia socialis, C. ais681 B. flavoanulata, C. ais68k B. rubra, C. 1067 Lunate, yellowish Baldratia flavolunata, C. 31430 Oval, black, on Euthamia lanceolata Baldratia carbonifera, C. 31354 Grayish brown, blue margined, on S . s q r. a r r o s a Baldratia asterifoliae, C. 31594 Rosy blister galls on S . r u go s a. . . .B a 1 d r 3 1 i 3 rose3, C 31474 Variegated blister gall Baldratia rubra, C. 650,31586 Leaf galls Bred from jar containing adherent type of gall made by Campto- nenromyia adhesa and Asphondylia monacha Lasiopters argentisqu3m3e,C. 31568X Stem galls A long, uniform swelling of the stem ^^s^°Ptera cylindrigalle, C. 3^408 Irregular eccentric stem swelling. L asiopter3tumific3 C 31360 C^Pi^'^^ B3ldr3tia 3bnormi's, C. 676 B- a 1 b o m 3 c u I 3 t a , C. 758 L3siopter3 subfusc3t3, C. 618 L. dorsimscuUts, C. 129 L , h 3 m 3 t 3 , C. 280 II 322 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Tilia (basswood) Captured Neolasioptera tiliaginea, C. 283 Unknown stem gall Lasioptera spinulae, C. 1056 Stem gall 011 semiaquatic weed Lasioptera palustris, C. ai443, ai447 Stem gall Neolasioptera hamata, C ai458 Vaccinium (blueberry) Captured • Bald rati a canadensis, C.74 Vernonia noveboracensis (ironweed) Bred from blossoms Lasioptera v e r n o n i f 1 o r a e , C. 1059 Viburnum Captured Lasioptera consobrina, C. 183a Captured on V. acerifolium Lasioptera viburni, C. 186 Bred from irregular subcortical gall • Neolasioptera viburnicola, C. ai409 Vitis (grape) Tumid leaf gall Lasioptera vitis C aii65 Petiole gall Baldratia petiolicola, C.877 Petiole gall Neolasioptera vitinea, C. 31415, aio65 Captured Lasioptera basiflava, C 719 Zizia Fusiform stem gall Lasioptera z i z i a e, C. ai8i7 Key to genera a 1st antennal segment normal b 3d vein very near costa and uniting therewith at or before the basal half, very rarely near the distal 3d c Mouth parts and thorax prolonged; antennal segments 10 to J, Clinorhyncha H. Lw. cc Mouth parts and thorax not prolonged d Palpi with I or 2 segments Baldratia Kieff. dd Palpi with 3 or 4 segments e 3 long veins, the 5th forked some distance from its ^i^gg Lasioptera Meig. ee 4 simple long veins Neolasioptera n. g. bb 3d vein rather strongly arched, well separated from costa, uniting therewith at the distal 3d Camptoneuromyia n. g. aa ist antennal segment produced, with a length about 3 times its diameter b The 3d vein somewhat removed from costa and uniting therewith at the distal 3d, body thickly clothed with shining scales Trotteria Kieff. (Choristoneura Rubs.) REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 • 323 LASIOPTERA Meig. Members of this entire group are usually easily recognized by the thickly scaled costa, subcosta and third vein, the two latter being close to the anterior margin of the wing and the last named usually uniting therewith near the middle. It and allied genera have a characteristic coloration, usually being thickly clothed with dark brown 'scales and in many species the dorsum of the abdomen is conspicuously ornamented with silvery white markings, the latter being either in the form of a margin along the anterior or posterior edge of the abdominal segments or in a series of submedian spots resting upon the posterior margin of the segments. The members of this genus present a wide range in the number of antennal seg- ments, those of the female varying from i6 in the case of L . f lave seen s to 33 in L. q u e r i c i f 1 o r a e . The segments of the male antennae vary from 16 in L . lycopi to 21 or 22 in the male of L . d e s m o d i i . Some species have the same number of antennal segments in both sexes, while in the majority the female possesses two to four or five more than her consort. There seems to be no law governing this variation. Certain of the females pos- sess a peculiar group of heavy, stout, recurved, chitinous hooks on the dorsum of the lobes of the ovipositor. This peculiar structure is present in several rather widely separated forms. The species belonging to this genus breed for the most part in more or less irregular subcortical galls on the stems of both herba- ceous and woody plants. An interesting form, L. c a u 1 i c o 1 a , has been reared from apparently normal Diervilla stems. All species of this genus appear to winter in their galls. Those which live in herbaceous stems emerge, as a rule, in early spring, while the forms subsisting upon woody stems are more likely to fly during June. A few species breed in leaf galls; for instance, L. corni in an ocellate, highly colored, blisterlike gall on the leaves of Cornus alter nifolia; L. vitis inhabits the common tumid leaf or tendril gall on grape, while L. impatientifolia produces a somewhat similar gall on the under side of the leaf of the snapdragon (I m p a t i e n s f u 1 v a) . Blackberry leaves fre- quently have near the base a hard, corky, warty gall caused by L. farinosa. Lasioptera excavata has a more singular habit, since the larvae occur in a true leaf mine in the foliage of Crataegus. The galls may be monothalamous or poly- thalamous, some of the latter being inhabited by a considerable number of larvae, as in the case of L . c y 1 i n d r i g a 11 ae and L . t u m i f i c a . 3^4 ' NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Key to species a Abdomen dark brown b Abdomen rather thickly clothed dorsally with silvery white scales c Antennae and nicsonotum dark brown; male with 16-17 antennal segments On Ilex; cinerea Felt, C. 7i cc Antennae light brown ; mesonotum thickly yellow scaled ; antennae, female, 22 segments ; bred from Solidago a r g e n t i s q u a m a e n. sp., C. ai568x bb Abdominal segments variably margined anteriorly and laterally with yellowish white scales ; antennae, female, 22 segments ; bred from tumid leaf or tendril gall v i t i s O. S., C. aii6s, aii46 hbb Abdomen with the basal segment thickly clothed with silvery white or yellowish scales c 2d abdominal segment fuscous yellowish; antennae, female, 15 segments; ovipositor with hooks. . . .b a s i f 1 a v a n. sp., C. 719 cc 2d and following abdominal segments yellow d 3d vein uniting with costa at the basal 3d e Female antennae with 18-19 segments ; ovipositor with hooks ; bred from blister gall on Cornus corni Felt, C. 764, aiisi, ai288 dd 3d vein uniting with costa at the basal half e Female with 23 antennal segments; no hooks present; bred from Rudbeckia r u d b e c k i a e n. sp., C. a 1697b ddd 3d vein uniting with costa at the distal 3d e Female with 21 antennal segments ; ovipositor with hooks ; bred from apical, clavate twig gall on Cornus (Cecidomyia) clavula Beutm. C. 3327 ccc 2d and following abdominal segments without conspicuous white markings d 4th and 5th abdominal seginents darker than others ; mesono- tum dark brown; male with 19 antennal segments; bred from Impatiens leaf gall impatientifolia Felt, C. aii66 dd Abdominal segments 2 to 6 unicolorous or nearly so; mes- onotum reddish brown ; male 18, female 20-23 segments. Bred from Vernonia flowers (? vernoniae Beutm.) vernoniflorae n. sp., C. 1058, 1059 cccc 2d and following abdominal segments with submedian silvery spots d Subcosta uniting with costa at the basal 3d e Mesonotum reddish brown ; female with 28 antennal segments ; bred from oak twigs q u e r-c i p e r d a n. sp., C. 1054 ee Mesonotum dark brown' f Scutellum pale orange ; female with 18 antennal seg- ments consobrina Felt, C. 183a ff Scutellum purplish brown ; female with 22 antennal segments nassauensis n. sp., C. 432 dd Subcosta uniting with the anterior margin at the basal half REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 325 e Legs and mcsonotum dark brown; dorsal plate narrowly incised ; male with 16 antennal segments ; bred from Senecio a r i z o n e n s i s n. sp., C. 1062 ce Legs mostly yellowish; mesonotum dark red; dorsal plate triangularly incised; male with 17 antennal seg- f 1 a V i p e s n. sp., C. 612 eee Legs light yellowish or yellowish brown, mesonotum reddish brown, antennal segments, female 2)2) \ bred from Quercus blossoms querciflorae n. sp., C. 900 ccccc 2d and following abdominal segments margined posteriorly with silvery white d 3d vein uniting with costa at the basal 3d; femora and tibiae unicolorous ; antennal segments, male and female, 21-22; bred from fusiform stem gall on tick trefoil; d e s m o d i i Felt, C. 88, aiOQi, ai376, ai29i, aii84 dd 3d vein uniting with costa at the basal half c Tarsi distinctly annulate with whitish / Scutellum fuscous yellowish; antennal segments, female, 23 ; bred from Diervilla stems c a u 1 i c o 1 a Felt, C. ai469a ee Tarsi narrowly or distinctly annulate with yellowish / Scutellum reddish brown ; antennal segments, male; 19; female, 23; bred from warty leaf gall on black- berry (Cecidomyia, Diplosis) farinosa Beutm., C. a 1343, ai33i /? Scutellum fuscous yellowish; antennal segments, male, 19 ; female, 22 ; palpi 3 segmented ; bred from unknown stem gall spinulae n. sp., C 1056 eee Tarsi a nearly uniform dark brown / Scutellum dark brown; antennal segments, male, 20; female, 25; bred, from irregular subcortical gall on blackberry nodulosa Beutm., C. ai42i, ai4ll if Scutellum reddish brown ; antennal segments, male, 20 ; female, 25 ; bred from fusiform stem gall on aquatic weed palustris Felt, C. a 1443, ai447 /■//■ Scutellum fuscous yellowish ; antennal segments, male, 20; female, 23; bred from irregular sub- cortical stem gall on Lindera 1 i n d e r a e Beutm., C. ai4i7 /■/"//■ Scutellum pale yellowish ; antennal segments, male, 16; female, 21; bred from fusiform stem gall on Lycopus m i t c h e 1 1 a e n. sp., C. 31369 hhhh Basal segment (sometimes margined with white) and other ab- dom'inal segments with submedian whitish spots c 3d vein uniting with costa at the basal 3d d Tarsi unicolorous ; antennal segments, female, 19 On Aster ; dorsimaculata n. sp., C. 129 326 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUIM dd Tarsi annulate e Tarsal segments 2 to 4 annulate basally ; anteiinal segments, male, 17; female, 20; bred from fusi- form stem gall on Convolvulus convolvuli Felt, C. ai465 ee Tarsal segments 2 to 4 annulate at both extremities ; antennal segments, male, 16; female, 18; bred from fusiform stem gall on Lycopus lycopi Felt, C. ai348, ai339 cc 3d vein uniting with costa at the basal half d Tarsi nearly unicolorous e Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines vvitli long, golden hairs ; antennal segments, male, 21 ; female, 25 ; bred from enlarged stem gall on hop h u m u 1 i c a u 1 i s Felt, C a 1446 ce Mesonotum thickly clothed with bronzy scales; an- tennal segments, male.. 17; female, 19; bred from irregular stem gall on wild lettuce lactucae Felt, C. 1102, ic6i dd Tarsi annulate e Mesonotum black, distal palpal segment 1/2 longer than the preceding; antennal segments, female, 21 hecate n. sp., C. 329 ee Mesonotum dark brown / Distal palpal segment twice the length of the preceding; antennal segments of female, ?i8; ovipositing on Panicum p a n i c i n. sp., C. 403 ff Distal palpal segment one fourth longer tlian the preceding; antennal segments, female, 18; bred from fusiform stem gall on Helianthus.. w e 1 d i n. sp., ai8i6 eee Mesonotum shining reddish brown, distal palpal seg- ment only a little longer than the preceding: an- tennal segments, female, 22~2,^ ; bred from Lupine 1 u p i n i n. sp., C. 1068 ccc 3d vein uniting with costa at the distal 3d d Mesonotum black; antennal segments, female, 22; palpi 3 segmented ; bred from subcortical twig gall on Ephedra e p h e d r i c o 1 a Ckil. dd Mesonotum dark brown e Mesonotum unicolorous; antennal segments, female, 19; on cherry serotina n. sp, C. 79 ee Mesonotum distinctly bordered laterally and an- teriorly with light scales • / 3d vein uniting with costa a little before tlie distal 3d; ventral plate long, broadly rounded apically; antennal segments, male, iS""!/'- female, 21-22; bred from long stem gall on Solidago cylindrigallae Felt, C. 31159, 31408 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 327 ff 3d vein uniting- with costa at tlie distal 3d g Ventral plate long, tapering, narrowly rounded apically; antennal segments, male, 17; female, 19-22; bred from stout, asym- metric stem gall on Solidago t u m i f i c a Beutm., C. 31360, 31470, aio6o gg Ventral plate long, slender, broadly rounded apically, antennal segments, male 16, fe- male 17; bred from stem gall on Zizia.... z i z i a e n. sp., 31817 bbbhb Basal and other abdominal segments white margined posteriorly c Basal and apical white bands on fifth abdominal segment; antennal segments, male, 20; bred from subcortical twig gall on Ephedra ephedricola Ckll. cc Apical band only on the 5th abdominal segment d Femora and tibiae unicolorous ; antennal segments, fe- male, 18 ; on Solidago h a m a t a Felt, C. 280 dd Tarsi annulate with yellowish; antennal segments, fe- male, 23; bred from tumid leaf gall on Impatiens impatientifolia Felt C. aii66 hbbbbb Abdomen with no conspicuous white markings c 3d vein uniting with costa at the basal 3d; tarsi annulate d Scutellum reddish brown; antennal segments, female, 2,' n e o f u s c a n. sp., C. 82 dd Scutellum dark brown; antennal segments, female, 21. .. . j u V e n a 1 i s n. sp., C. 703 cc 3d vein uniting with costa at the basal half d Scutellum dark reddish brown; antennal segments, fe- male, 25 ; bred from curled ash leaves fraxini folia n. sp., C. ai546a ccc 3d xe'm uniting with costa at the distal third d Scutellum dark brown; ovipositor with chitinous hooks; antennal segments, female, 21-22 a b h a m a t a- Felt, C. 130 aa Abdomen reddish or yellowish brown b Mesonotum pale orange; abdomen light yellowish; antennal seg- ments, female, 16-18 ; bred from Solidago f I a V e s c e n s n. sp., C. 31583, ais83b bb Mesonotum slightly fuscous or dark brown c 3d vein uniting with costa at the basal 3d d Abdomen nearly unicolorous; antennal segments, female, 18 ; on oak q u e r c i n a Felt, C. 96 cc 3d vein uniting with costa near the basal half d Abdomen yellowish brown; antennal segments, male, 18; on Viburnum viburni Felt, C 186 dd Abdomen mostly pale orange; antennal segments, female, 26 ; bred from Cr.itaegus leaf mine exc a V a t a Felt, C. 31576 328 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM BALDRATIA Kieff. This genus, as we understand it, may be easily separated from Lasioptera and its allies by the palpi having but one or two seg- ments. The American forms breed for the most part in the pecu- liar, apparently fungus-infected blister galls so common on Aster and Solidago. Key to species a Tarsi distinctly white or yellow banded b All tarsal segments with yellowish white bands basallj', the 5th on the posterior legs yellowish ; male and female with 16 antennal segments ; palpi biarticiilate ; breeds in oval, black, blister gall on E u t h a m i a 1 a n c e o 1 a t a (Lasioptera) c a r b o n i f e r a Felt. C. ai354 bb Posterior tarsi only narrowly annulate basally with whitish; female with 22 antennal segments; palpi probably biarticulate ; breeds in a rosy blister gall on Solidago r u g o s a (Lasioptera) rosea Ftlt, C. a 1474 aa Tarsi unicolorous or nearly so b Adbomen conspicuously yellowish in part at least c Abdomen light fuscous yellowish ; antennae with 13 segments ; palpi uniarticulate ; bred from Solidago s o c i a 1 i s n. sp., C. ai568 1 cc Abdomen with the basal segment fuscous yellowish ; male with 12 to 14 antennal segments; palpi uniarticulate; bred from Erigeron (C h o r i s t o n e u r a) m o d e s t a Felt, C. ai427, ai666, ai666a bb Abdomen dark brown, scatteringly clothed dorsally with silvery white scales; male with 14 antennal segments; palpi uniarticulate; breeds in yellowisli or brown blister galls on Aster (C h o r i s t o n e u r a) p a n i c u 1 a t a Felt, C. 757, ai 167 bbb Al^domen dark brown or black c Basal abdominal segment yellowish or silvery white ' d 2d to 6th abdominal segments margined posteriorly; female antennae with 26 segments; palpi uniarticulate; bred from a grape petiole gall petiolicola n. sp., C. 877 dd 3d to 6th abdominal segments margined posteriorly; female antennae with 18 segments ; palpi uniarticulate f 1 a V o s c u t a n. sp., C. 1288 cc Abdominal segments with wliitish submedian spots d Segments i to 7 spotted e Male antennae with 14 segments; palpi uniarticulate; brecl from small pnstrlatc ga'l on Aster stem p u s t u 1 a t a n. sp., C. aiS20 ec Female antennae with t8 segments; pali)i biarticulate; taken on Solidago (C h o r i s t o n e u r a) a 1 b o m a c u 1 a t a Felt, C. 758 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 329 dd Abdominal segments 2 to 7 spotted ; female with 19 antennal segments; palpi biarticulate ; bred from a purplish and white blister gall on Aster, .squarrosae n. sp., C. ai594 ddd Segments i to to 4 spotted e Male with 18 to 19 antennal segments; palpi biarticulate.. (I. a s i o p t e r a) canadensis Felt, C. 74 dddd Segments i and 2 white margined posteriorly, 3 to 5 spotted ; female antennae with 17 segments; palpi uniarticulate ; bred from a yellowish blister gall on Aster p a n i c u 1 a t a n. sp., C. ai 167 ccc Abdominal segments white margined posteriorly d Palpi uniarticulate e Mesonotum black; male antennae with 12 to 14 segments; female with 18; palpi uniarticulate; bred from Erigeron leaf (C h o r i s t 0 n e u r a) m o d e s t a Felt, • C. ai427, ai666 ee Mesonotum dark brown ; female antennae with 16 seg- ments; palpi uniarticulate / Posterior wing margin even ; bred from yellowish blister gall on Aster f 1 a vom a cu la t a n. sp., C. ai36ia // Posterior wing margin distinctly emarginate at apex of 5th vein (C h o r i s t o n e u r a) a b n o r m i s Felt, C. 676 dd Palpi biarticulate e Mesonotum black ; female antennae with 16 segments ; bred from a dark white-ringed blister gall on Aster; fuscoanulata n. sp., C. 31550, ai662 ce Mesonotum dark brown or black; female antennae with 19 to 20 segments, male with 18; bred from a fusiform stem gall on grass (L a s i o p t e r a) m u h 1 e n b e r g i a e Marten, C. 770, 1206 eee Mesonotum reddish brown ; female antennae with 18 segments; bred from a gray, yellow margined blister gall on Solidago ... f 1 a v o a n u 1 a t a n. sp., C. a 1568k cccc Abdomen nearly unicolorous dorsally d 3d vein uniting with the anterior margin near the distal 3d e Scutellum yellowish brown, ant(?rior tibiae yellowish; female antennae with 18 segments; palpi unicolorous; bred from Solidago. ....convoluta n. sp., C. 31307 ee Scutellum reddish brown; tibiae dark brown; male antennae with 14 to 15 segments; palpi biarticulate; bred from a yellowish, brown margined blister gall on Solidago (Lasioptera) rubra Felt (t u b e r c u 1 a t a) C. 650, 1067, ai586 330 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM dd 3d vein uniting with the anterior margin at or near the basal half e Tarsi yellowish ; male antennae with 14 segments ; palpi uniarticulate ; bred from whitish blister gall on Aster laevis (Choristoneura) laeviana Felt, C. ai287 ee Tarsi black / Female antennae with 21 segments ; palpi biarticu- late; bred from a lunate, j^ellowish, marginal blister gall on Solidago (Choristoneura) flavolunata Felt, C. ai430 // Female antennae with 16 segments ; palpi uniarticu- late; bred from blister galls with pinkish aureola on Aster d i V a r i c a t a , divaricatan. sp., C. 31787 NEOLASIOPTERA n. g. This genus is closel}^ allied in general appearance and habits to Lasioptera, and is separated therefrom only by the fifth vein fork- ing at the extreme base of the wing or by the sixth being entirely independent of the preceding [pi. 34, fig. 8] . This character, while not always determined with ease, affords a very good basis for making a division, even though this latter may not be closely cor- related with variations in habit. The female antennae may be com- posed of from 17 segments in the case of N. celastri to 29 segments in N . v i b u r n i c o 1 a , while the males may have but T2 segments as in N . squamosa to 23 in N . c o r n i c o 1 a . As in the genus Lasioptera, there is frequently a variation of four or five segments between the sexes and apparently following no law. The species of this genus, as in the case of Lasioptera, breed mostly in subcortical stem galls on herbaceous and woody plants, most of the forms producing distinct enlargements, though the presence of N . h i b i s c i is indicated only by a somewhat gen- eral enlargement of the stem. N. squamosa has been bred from grass, presumably a stem gall, while N. v i t i n e a makes a characteristic conical gall on the grape petiole. Key to species a Abdomen dark brown or black b Abdominal segments nearly unicolorous c Tarsi dark brown ; female antennal segments 17 celastri n. sp., C. 598 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOATOLOGIST I907 33 1 bb Basal abdominal segment whitish or yellowish white c 3d vein uniting with costa at the basal 3d d Abdominal segments i to 4 white; male antennae with ?20 to 22 segments; female, 24; bred from Eragrostis a g r o s t i s n. sp., C. 1063 dd 3d abdominal segment margined with silver}^ ; antennal seg- ments, female, 25 (Choristoneura) cinerca Felt, C. 341 ddd 2d to 4th abdominal segments with submedian lunate spots e Tarsi mostly dark brown / Antennal segments, female, 22; terminal lobes of ovipositor very slender (x 6) t e n u i t a s n. sp., C 1232 ff Female antennal segments, 24; male, ?2o; terminal lobe of ovipositor rather stout (x4) ; bred from Eragrostis agrostis n. sp., C. 1063 ee Tarsi mostly yellowish ; terminal lobes short, stout, thickly haired h i r s u t a n. sp., C. go8 cc 3d vein uniting with costa at the basal half d 3d and 4th basal abdominal segments yellowish or whitish e Distal abdominal segment pale orange; antennal seg- ments, male, 14 (Choristoneura) basalis Felt, C. 739 ee Distal abdominal segments white, margined posteriorly ; antennal segments, male, 20 ; female, 23-25 ; bred from conical petiole grape gall '. (Lasioptera) vitinea Felt, C. 31415, 1065, 1118 dd 2d to 4th abdominal segments with submedian whitish spots e Ventral plate rather broad, narrowly rounded distally; antennal segments, male, 18 s e X m a c u 1 a t a n. sp., C. 265, 589 ec Ventral plate broad, narrowly incised apically; antennal segments, male, 16.. tripunctata n. sp., C. 427 ddd 2d to 3d abdominal segments margined posteriorly with silvery white e Legs mostly pale yellowish f Male antennal segments 18 (Choristoneura) liriodendri Felt, C. 291 ee Legs mostly brown f Antennal segments, female, 23; scutcllum reddish yellow; bred from irregular stem gall on Solanum (Choristoneura) s o 1 a n i Felt, C. 903 // Antennal segments, female, 26; scutellum dark brown ; presumably forming a stem gall on Clematis (Choristoneura) c 1 e m a t i d i s n. Felt. a 1 596a fff Antennal segments, male, 19 ; female. 23 ; scutellum dark brown; bred from irregular subcortical gall on Sambucus (Cecidomyia) sambuci Felt, C. a 1404 332 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ffff Antennal segments, male, 20; female, 23-25; scutel- lum reddish brown; bred from conical petiole grape gall (Lasioptera) vitinea Felt, C. 31415, 1065, 1 1 18 fffff Antennal segments, female, 24; bred from fusiform stem gall on Asclepias incarnata a s c 1 e p i a e n. sp., C. 31401 ffffff Antennal segments, male, 22; female, 29; scutellum reddish brown ; bred from irregular subcortical gall on Viburnum (Lasioptera) viburnicola Beutm., C. 31409 dddd 3d and 4th abdominal segments margined posteriorly e Antennal segments, male, 23; female, 27; 3d and 4th abdominsl segments n3rrowly msrgined posteriorly; bred from irregular ; subcortical gall on Cornus (Lasioptera) cornicola Beutm., C. 31423, 31363 ce Antennal segments, female, 22; 3d 3nd 4th abdominal segments broadly margined posteriorly (Choristoneura) h3n:iamelidis Felt, C. i8l hhb Abdominal segments margined posteriorly with yellowish or whitish c Tsrsi banded; antennsl segments, male, 18; female, 24; bred from oval stem gall on Eupatorium (Choristoneurs) perfoliat3 Felt, C. i loi cc Tarsi uuicolorous ; antennal segments, female, 18; bred from Heliantluis (Choristoneura) helianthi Felt, C. aiyiSx hbbb Basal and other abdominal segments with conspicuous submedian markings c Submedian spots straw yellow d Female antennal segments 18 flavom3cul3ta n. sp., C. 545 cc 3d and ^th abdominal segments mostly whitish ; antenn3l seg- ments, msle, 16 ; on bssswood . . . . t i 1 i a g i n e a n. sp., C. 283 ccc 3d and 4th abdominal segments not mostly whitish d Tarsi unicolorous or nearly so e Antennal segments of male, 18; female, 22; scutellum dark brown; bred from oval stem gall on tick trefoil. .. (Choristoneura) ha mat a Felt, C. 31458 ee Antennal segments, female, 17; scutellum black a 1 b o 1 i n e a t a , n. sp., C. 1234 dd Tarsi distinctly annubte e Antennal segments, male, 14; female, 16; palpi 3-4 seg- mented; scutellum dark brown; bred from fusiform bud gall on Erigeron (Choristoneura) e r i g e r o n t i s Felt, C. 31427a, 31302, 1064 ce Antennal segments, female, 18; scutellum reddish brown; Ijred from slfui t^all on i\[imu]us m i m u 1 i n. sp., C. 1052 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 333 tec Auicnml segments, male, 15-16; female, 23; scutellum dark brown; bred from swollen stems of Hibiscus (Chor is tone u r a) h i b i s c i Felt, C. ai4io ccce Antcnnal scgmcnls, male, 17; female, 23; scutellmn dark brown; bred from oval stem gall on Eupatorium (C h o r i s t o n e u r a) e u p a t o r i i Felt, C. ai4i3 eeeee Antennal segments, male, 19; female, 21; scutellum dark brown ; bred from fusiform gall on Aster branch (C e c i d o m y i a) r a m u s c u 1 a Beutm., C. 31361, ai397, aisoo, 1107 eeceec Antennal segments, male, 20; female, 24-25; scutellum dark brown; 4th and 5th tarsal segments on posterior legs of female white ; bred from ovate stem gall on Diplepappus (C h o r i s t o n e u r a) a 1 b i t a r s i s Felt, C. 31477, ^1379 aa Abdomen a pale or reddish brown b Mesonotum light brown; antennal segments, male, 12; bred from grass squamosa n. sp., C. 909 bb Mesonotum dark brown; antennal segments; female, 16-19 f 1 a V o V e n t r i s n. sp., C. 478, 480, 672 CLINORHYNCHA H. Lw. This genus, first recognized in this country by the author, is an extremely interesting form and distinguished at once by the great prolongation of the mouth parts and the lo to 12 segments of t'.\e antennae. The European C . c h r y s a n t h e m i H. Lw. has 13 antennal segments in both sexes. The wings are also rather peculiar [pi. 34, fig. 7] . The species are all small, being only about I mm in length. The European C. m i 1 1 e f o 1 i i Wachtl. was reared from ap- parently normal flowers of Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and it is probable that the otner species known to occur in this country, have similar habits, particularly as all European forms, so far as known, have been bred from flowers of the Compositae. Key to species a 5th vein simple b scutellum reddish brown ; bred from yarrow florets millefolii Wachtl, C. 1236 aa 5th vein forked b 2d to 5th abdominal segments reddish brown ; captured on fern f i 1 i c i s Felt, C. 386 bb Abdomen a nearly uniform dark brown ; taken on willow karnerensis n. sp., C. 488 bbb Abdomen reddish; bred from flowers of Eupatorium perfoliatum (Lasioptera) eupatoriflorae Felt, 31689 334 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM CAMPTONEUROMYIA n. g. This genus is a very well marked type which may be recognized by the broadly oval wings having the third vein strongly arched, rather well separated from costa and uniting therewith near the distal third [pi. 34, fig. 5]. The antennae are sessile in both sexes, and the ovipositor rather short and thick. One species whicli has been reared breeds in ovate galls between adhering leaves of Solidago, and also in loose apical bud galls. The latter may possibly be only a modified form of the more common adherent type. The last named is also inhabited by A s p h o n d y 1 i a m o n a c h a O. S. Key to species a Antennae with 15 segments b Abdomen dark brown, scutellum fuscous yellowish ; the 5th antenna! segment with a length J^ greater than its diameter, male (Dasyneura) virgin ica Felt, C. 238b aa Antennae composed of 16 segments h Abdomen yellowish brown, scuteUum fuscous yellowish ; the 5th antennal segment with a length about Y^ its diameter, female f u 1 V a n. sp., C. 461 aaa Antennae with 18 segments b Abdomen dark brown, scutellum a variable fuscous ; the 5th antennal segment with a length % greater than its diameter, male (Dasyneura) h a m a m e 1 i d i s Felt, C. 238a aaaa 20 to 22 antennal segments b Abdomen dark brown, scutellum fuscous yellowish ; the 5th antennal segment of the male with a length '4 greater than its diameter, that of the female with a length ^^ its diameter. Bred from oval, adherent gall between Solidago leaves (D a s y n e u r a) a d h c s a P"elt, 31568, 31583 bb Abdomen dark Ijrown. the basal and distal segments yellowish; male, 21, female 22 antennal segments, the 5th in both sexes with a length J4 greater than its diameter. Bred from marginal leaf roll on high blackberry r u b i f o 1 i a n. sp., ai866 TROTTERIA Kicff. Clioristoncura Rubs. Members of this genus are easily recognized by their abund- ant scale covering and the peculiar character of the wings [pi. 34, fig. 3]. Costa to the apex of the wing, subcosta and the third vein are heavily scaled, the latter curving out distinctly from the nearly straight costa and uniting therewith near the distal third. The antennae are likewise peculiar to the genus, the first segment being greatly produced [fig. 32] and having a length about three REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 335 times its greatest diameter. The other segments are sessile, cylindric and in most species have a length ^ or ^ that of the diameter; the number of segments may range from i6 to 22. The femora are strongly swollen and the tibiae, particularly the posterior pair, armed with long, setose spines which, in some Fig. 32. Trotteria[subfuscata n. sp., basal antennal segments, much enlarged. (Original) forms, extend to the base of the second tarsal segment. The male genitalia present a very characteristic type, differing in certain resi:)ects markedly from those of other Cecidomyiidae. Key to species a Females b 16 anteiinal segments; abdomen dark brown k a r n e r e n s i s n. sp., C. 484 bb 20 antennal segments ; abdomen dark brown s u b f u s c a t a n. sp., C. 618 bbb 22 antennal segments c Claws stout; legs thickly clothed with scales. Bred from Solidago s o 1 i d a g i n i s n. sp., C. ai568y cc Claws rather slender ; legs rather thinly clothed with scales c a u d a t a n. sp., C. 477 aa Males b 18 antennal segments; abdomen thickly clothed with silvery scales.. squamosa n. sp., C. 522 bb 20 antennal segments c 5th antennal segment with a length more than ^ its diameter . . . (Choristoneura) caryae Felt, C. 334 cc 5th antennal segment with a length scarcely ^ its diameter d Abdomen silvery white ; tibiae dark fuscous orange a r g e n t i n. sp., C. 466 dd Abdomen silvery yellow ; tibiae and tarsi black t a r s a t a n. sp., C. 667 ddd Abdomen pale brown ; tibiae dark brown m e t a 1 li c a n. sp., C. 335 DASYNEURIARIAE Species belonging in this tribe may be recognized by the dentate claws, by the 3d vein being well separated from costa [pi. 35], 336 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM and- by. the antcnnal segments being almost invariably stalked in the males. A large number of forms arc referable to this group, the two important genera being Dasyneura and Rhabdophaga. The former are medium sized, usually brownish or yellowish. The insects breed very largely in leaf folds, leaf buds or loose leafy bud galls. The genus Rhabdophaga comprises a number of larger, usually reddish or reddish browMi forms, which display a marked preference for woody tissues, a considerable number of species living in willow galls. The genus Arnoldia repre- sents a number of forms having 12 segmented antennae. One form breeds in the tumid vitis gall on grape, while several others which were reared probably came from deca3nng vegetable matter. The peculiar, synthetic D i a r t h r o n o m y i a a r t e - m i s i a e is a western form and was reared from galls on sage bush. HOST PLANTS AND GALLS OF DASYNEURIARIAE Abies (spruce) Seeds Dasyneura canadensis, 31428 .Agrostis vulgaris (Red top or June grass) Ovipositing on Dasyneura g r a m i n i s , C. 1209 Alnus (alder) Bud gall Dasyneura s e r r u 1 a t a e O. S. Anemdne canadense Lciose hud gall Dasyneura anemone, 31522 Artemisia tridentata (sage bush) Stem ? gall D i a r t h r o n o m y i a a r t e m i s i a e , C. 989 Cephalanthus (button bush) Twi;; gall Rhabdophaga c e p h a 1 a n t h i , C. 1048 Clematis virginiana (virgin's bower) Oval stem gall Dasyneura c I e m a t i d i s , 31659 Corylus (hazel) 1 lairy kaf fold Dasyneura c o r y 1 i , 31543 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ 337 Crataegus (wild thorn) Cockscomb leaf gall? A r n o 1 d i a a b s o b r i n a , ai555x Eupatorium purpureum (Joe pye weed) Blossoms Dasyneura purpurea, ai693a Fraxinus (ash) Tumid leaf gall ? Dasyneura tumidosac, ai532 Curled leaves Arnoldia fraxinifolia, ai572a Rolled leaves Dasyneura fraxinifolia, 316483 Head of deformed leaves Dasyneura apicatus, ai7i2 Galium (bed straw) Flower buds D a s y n e u r a g a 1 i i , ai678k Gleditschia (honey locust) Folded leaflets Dasyneura g 1 e d i t s c h i a e O. S., C. 9S8 Lepidium (pepper grass) Dasyneura lepidii, C. 1035 Lysimachia (loosestrife) Loose bud galls D a s y n e u r a 1 y s i m a c h i a e Bcutm., aiiQ^ Piperita (peppermint) Loose bud gall D a s y n e u r a p i p e r i t a e , ai663a Populus (poplar) Twigs bearing white cocoons Rhabdophaga populi, C. 78X Quercus (oak) j!^corns Dasyneura glandis, C. 1030 Rhus (sumac) Root galls Dasyneura rhois Coq. Robinia (common locust) Folded leaflets D a s y n e u r a p s c u d a c a c i a e Fitch, ai355 Rosa (rose) Curled leaves Dasyneura ? r o s a r u m Hardy, ai49i Rose buds Dasyneura r h o d o p h a g a Coq., 31390 Large rosetic bud gall V . R h a I3 d ., p h a g a rosacea, C. 1244 338 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Rubus (blackberry) Blossoms Dasyneura rubiflorae, C. 990 Salix (willow) Curled leaves Dasyneura salicifolia, ai675 Rolled leaves R h a b d o p h a g a p 1 i c a t a , C. 1037 Bud galls Small rosette gall Rhabdophaga racemi, C. 1245 Small rosette gall Rhabdophaga normaniana, C. 1246 Large, loose rosette gall Rhabdophaga r h o d o i d e s , C. 1247 Large, open rosette gall Rhabdophaga brassicoides Walsh, 31173 Large, close rosette (pine cone) gall Rhabdophaga strobiloides Walsh, a 1443 Large, close rosette (pine cone) gall Rhabdophaga p c r s i m i 1 i s , a 181 1 Large, close rosette (pine cone) gall Rhabdophaga albovittata Walsh, 314423, 314333 Small bud galls Dasyneura californic3, C. 981 Sm3ll bud gslls Rhabdophaga gemmae, C. 254 Twig galls Apical, elongate, beaked (rigidae) gall Rhabdophag3 sodalitatis, 31074b Swollen twig with msssed buds (Triticoides and Hordeoides gall of Walsh) Rhabdophaga triticoides, aiG78x, aio73x Noduhr g3ll 3t bsse of twig Rhabdophaga n o d u 1 a Walsh, 31412 Subglobular, lateral gall Rhabdophaga globosa, 31084a Irregular ovoid or globular galls Rhabdophaga batatas Walsh, a686, aii02, aiio8 Irregular, elongate swelling Rhabdophaga salicis Schrank, 31356 Inconspicuous knotted gall ..Rhabdophaga latipennis, C. 782 Slight swelling of branch Rhabdoph3ga podagrae, 31399, 3io76y Twig hardly enlarged Rhabdophaga r a m u s c u 1 a , 314493 Solidago (golden rod) Blister gall ? Dasyneura carbon ari3, C. 713 Loose pod of adherent terminal leaves ..Dasyneura folliculi, 31581 Spiraea (meadow sweet) Tumid leaf fold Dasyneura salicifolia, 31675 Rh3bdoph3ga salicifolia, C. 1045, 31505 Trifolium (clover) Folded leaves Dasyneura t r i f o 1 i i , C. 456m, 742 Flower heads D a ? y n e u r a 1 e g u m i n i c o 1 a Lintn., C. 134, 31695 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 339 Ulmus (elm) pud gall D a s y n e u r a u 1 m e a , C. 880 Vaccinium (cranberry) Leaf fold gall Dasyneura vaccinii Smith, C. 957 Vitis (grape) Tumid leaf gall Dasyneura vitis, ai 165b Tumid leaf gall Arnoldia vitis, ai 165a Wood, decaying Fungus filled Dasyneura flavotibialis, 31454 Yucca Dasyneura y u c c a e , C. 1053 Key to genera a Palpi biarticulate Diarthronomyia n. g. aa Palpi quadriarticulate b Antennae with 12 segments Arnoldia Kieff. bb Antennae usually with more than 12 segments c 3d vein uniting with costa distinctly before the wing apex, straight or curved anteriorly and tapering but little distally Dasyneura Rond. cc 3d vein uniting with costa very near or at the wing apex, straight and usually tapering distally Rhabdophaga Westw. DIARTHRONOMYIA n. g. This genus presents a general resemblance to Rhopalomyia and like it has biarticulate palps and a great similarity in the structure of the male genitalia. The minutely unidentate claws associate it with Rhabdophaga and its allies. The wing is illus- trated on plate 34, figure 9. Type D. artemisiae Diarthronomyia artemisiae n. sp. Male. Length 2 mm. Antennae nearly as long as the body, rather thickly haired, yellowish brown, 18 segments ; mesonotum dark reddish brown, the submedian hues sparsely haired ; scutel- lum reddish brown, postscutellum darker; abdomen sparsely haired, reddish brown; halteres yellowish transparent; legs a variable light straw, lighter distally. Female. Length 3 mm. Antennae extending to the 3d abdom- inal segment, sparsely haired, pale yellowish, probably composed of 18 segments; color characters about as in the opposite sex. 340 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dcscriberl from several s|)eciniens bred June ify, 1883. from sage bush, Artemisia 1 r i d e n t a t a , at Fort Garland, Col. This species may possibly be identical with the R h a b d o - p h a g a t r i d e n t a t a c Rubs, which was 1)red from this plant, though this last named form is credited with having but 16 antennal segments and the stem being but }< the length of the basal enlargement, whereas in the form under consideration the stem is at least % the length of the basal enlargement. Type C. 989, U. S. National Museum 3120 ARNOLDIA Kieff. Males a Stem of antennal segment about ^ longer than the basal enlargement b Abdomen pale orange, palp 2 segmented, ventral plate broadly and roundly emarginatc, dorsal plate broad and roundly emarginate u n g u 1 a t a Felt, C. 1221 bb Abdomen pale brown, palp 4 segmented, ventral plate slightly emar- ginate, dorsal plate triangularly emarginate hi s p i d a Felt, C. 519 bbb Abdomen dark yellowish fuscous, palp 4 segmented, ventral plate emarginatc distally, dorsal plate slightly emarginate (D a s y n e u r a) c e r a s i Felt, C. 343 aa Stem of antennal segment about as long as the basal enlargement b Abdomen yellowish brown, palp 3 segmented, ventral plate broadly rounded v i t i s Felt, C. a 1 165a bb Abdomen reddish yellow, tibiae and tarsi dark brown, palp 3 seg- mented, ventral plate roundly emarginate a b s o b r i n a Felt, C. ai55Sx bbb Abdomen light yellowish or yellowish orange, tibiae fuscous straw, tarsi dark brown or black, palp 4 segmented, ventral plate roundly emarginate f r a x i n i f o 1 i a Felt, C. a 1572a aaa Stem of antennal segment ^4 the length of the basal enlargement b Abdomen dark brown, palp 5 segmented, dorsal plate triangularly incised , minor Felt, C. 431 Females a Abdomen pale yellowish, 5th antennal segment with a length about thrice its diameter, palp 3 segmented absobrina Felt, C. ai555x aa Abdomen light fuscous yellow, 5th antennal segment witli a length about 2^^ times its diameter, palp 4 segmented vitis Felt, C. aii6sa DASYNEURA Rond. This genus com])rises a large nund)er of medium and rather small usually dark brown insects which breed by preference in leafy tissue. This group intergrades with Rhabdophaga and the REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 34I more typical forms may be distinguished therefrom by the heavy, nearly uniform 3d vein uniting with the margin well before the apex of the wing [pi. 35, fig. 3, 6]. Key to species a 3d vein distinctly curved anteriorly [pi- 35, fig. 2, 6] h g antcnnal .segments, abdomen yellowish, bred from rose (Neocerata) rhodophaga Coq., 31390 bh 10 antcnnal segments, females c Abdomen reddish salmon, scutellum pale yellowish, tibiae yellowish basalh^; 5th antennal segment with a length three times its diameter. Bred from decaying wood flavotibialis Felt, ai454 cc Abdomen pale yellowish, scutellum reddish brown; 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter., maculosa n. sp., C. 288 hbb II antennal segments c Antennal stem }{>, the length of the basal enlargement, male d Abdomen yellowish red. scutellum reddish yellow, tibiae yellowish basally; bred from decaying wood flavotibialis Felt, ai45.:i bbbb 12 antennal segments, sessile or subsessile c Abdomen and scutellum deep carmine; 5th antennal seg- ment with a length twice its diameter; palpi long, slender; lobes of the ovipositor with a length 3 times their width, female; bred from Solidago carbon aria Felt, C. 713 re Abdomen and scutellum dark reddish brown; 5th an- tennal segment with a length ^2 greater than il.s diameter; palpi rather short, stout; lobes of the ovi- positor with a length about 4 times their width, female. Taken on New England tea. .v e r n a 1 i s n. sp., C. 262 ccc Abdomen dark reddish salmon, scutellum red, male b i d e n t a t a Felt, C. 345 bbbbb 13 antennal segments, sessile or subsessile c Females d Abdomen fuscous yellowish, unicolorous, scutellum light reddish brown, bred from ash f r a X i n i f o 1 i a Felt, 316483 dd Abdomen fuscous yellowish basally, yellowish apically ; scutellum fuscous yellowish ; bred from tumid gall on grape vitis n. sp., aii65b ddd Abdomen dark red, scutellum reddish brown... k a r n e r e n s i s n. sp., C. 128 dddd Abdomen and scutellum reddish brown s p i r a e i n a n. sp., C. I33 342 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ddddd Abdomen dark orange, scutelluni brown; taken ovipositing in June grass g r a m i n i s n. sp., C. 1209 bbbbbb 14 antennal segments c Females, antennal segments sessile d Abdomen yellowish or yellowish orange e Ovipositor long / Abdomen light ycllowisli, scutelluiu pale yellowish ; 5th antennal segment with a length Yi greater than its diameter; terminal lobes of ovipositor long, nearly oval, hardly tapering distally. Bred from loose bud gall on peppermint.... piper it ae n. sp., ai663a ff Abdomen light yellowish red, scutellum yellowish carmine; the 5th antennal seg- ment with a length 1/ longer than its diameter; lobes of the ovipositor long and tapering distally b o r e a 1 i s Felt, C. 160 fff Abdomen yellowish brown, scutellum red- dish brown ; 5tli antennal segment with a length twice its diameter ; terminal an- tennal segment much produced, the 3d and 4th palpal segments equal ; terminal lobes of the ovipositor long, slender and narrowdy oval. Bred from acorns.... g 1 a n d i s n. sp., C. 1030 ee Ovipositor short f Body a pale lemon-yellow ; 5th antennal segment with a length 2i/^ times its diameter ; 4th palpal segment y^ longer than 3d ; lobes of ovipositor small, roundly quadrate. Bred from hairy leaf fold on Corylus. .c o r y 1 i Felt, ai543 ff Abdomen pale fuscous orange ; 5th antennal segment with a length 2^/2 times its diameter; 3d and 4th palpal segments equal ; lobes of ovipositor rather broadly ( A s p h o n d y 1 i a ) c a r p i n i Felt, C. 346 dd Abdomen dark brown e Ovipositor long f Scutellum fuscous red ; sth antennal seg- ment with a length twice its diameter, tapering distally; 3d and 4th palpal segments equal a u r i h i r t a n, sp,, C. 509 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 343 /■/ Scuttlluin reddish brown ; 5tli antennal segment with a length ^s greater than its diameter photophila FeU, C. 193, 194, Si^l^' fff Scutelkxm yellowish brown ; 5th antennal segment J/3 longer than its diameter. Bred from blackberry blossom rubiflorae n. sp., C. 990 ffff Incisures and pleurae yellowish, tibiae and tarsi dark brown; 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter. Bre:! from loose bud gall on Anemone anemone Felt, a 1522 ee Ovipositor short / Abdomen dark brown, scutellum brown, incisures fuscous yellowish ; 5th anten- nal segment with a length about 16 greater than its diameter brevicauda n. sp., C. 340, 437, 501 cc Males, antennal segments stemmed d Sth antennal segment with a stem Vs the length of the basal enlargement e Abdomen dark brown, scutellum yellowish . . photophila Felt, C. 194 ee Abdomen yellowish brown, scutellum pale yellowish. Bred from Yucca y u c c a e n. sp., C. 1053 dd Antennal stem with a length -}4 the basal enlarge- ment e Abdomen fuscous yellowish, unicolorous ; dorsal plate, deeply and triangularly incised. fraxinifolia Felt, ai648a cc Abdomen fuscous yellowish basally and apic- ally, middle segment dark brown; dorsal plate narrowly incised a m p e 1 o p h i 1 a n. sp., C. 449 cce Abdomen light brown, scutellum yellowish brown. Bred from blackberry blossom.... rubiflorae n. sp., C. 990 cccc Abdomen dark brown /" The basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diam- eter ; the terminal segments with a distinct process, .s e t o s a Felt, C. 750 ff The basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length Yz greater than its diameter, the terminal segment nar- rowly oval with the apical process rudi- mentary or wanting; palp rather slender; basal tooth of claw very lonp 344 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ;/ Basal clasp segment stout with a length 3 times its diameter, tapering distally u n g u i c 11 1 a Felt, C. 1225 gg Basal clasp segment slender with a length 4 times its diameter, hardly tapering distally pudorosa n. sp., C. 279 /// The basal enlargement of the 5th anten- nal segment with a length yi greater than its diameter ; palp rather stout ; basal tooth of the claw shorter simulator n. sp. C. 445, 627 ddd Sth antennal segment with the stem as long as the basal enlargement e Abdomen dark orange, scutellum pale yellow- ish ; the basal enlargement of the 5th anten- nal segment with a length 2^> times its diameter ; the circumtili heavy and very irregular. Bred from hairy leaf fold gall of Corylus coryli Fe'.t, 31543' bbbbbbb 15 antennal segments c Females, segments sessile d Abdomen dark brown, scutellum reddish brown; ovipositor not longer than the body, the lobes with a length about 5 times their width ? t r i f o 1 i i Loew, C. 456, 742 dd Abdomen dark brown, scutellum brownish red ; ovipositor distinctly shorter than the body, the lobes with a length about 3 times the diameter. Bred from apical bud gall on blueberry cyanococci Felt, ai7C0 ddd Abdomen pale yellowish, scutellum pale orange ; 5th antennal segment with a length about 1/2 greater than its diameter f 1 a V e s c e n s n. sp., C. 601 cc Males, antennal segments stemmed d 5th antennal segment' with the stem J-j the length of the basal enlargement e Abdomen light fuscous yellowish, scutellum pale orange. Bred from Clematis c 1 e m a t i d i s n. sp., ai6s9 dd sth antennal segment with the stem ^)4 the length of basal enlargement e Abdomen yellowish red, scutellum yellowish;- basal enlargement of the 5th antennal seg- ment with a length ^ greater than its diameter, the i5tli produced and with a length 3 times its diameter f i 1 i c i s Felt, C. 43 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 345 e^ Abdomen dark brown; basal enlargement ot 5th antennal segment with a length y^ greater than its diameter, the 15th not pro- duced, nearly oval. Bred from loose apical bud gall on Anemone anemone Felt, ai522 bbbbbbbb 16 antennal segments c Females, antennal segments sessile d Abdomen dark brown, scutellum reddish orange; Sth antennal segment with a length >< greater than its diameter flavicornis n. sp., aii54 dd Abdomen reddish or light brown e Abdomen reddish brown, scutellum fuscous yellowish; the Sth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter. Bred from leaf gall on cranberry.va cc i n i i Smith, C. 957 ee Abdomen light brown, scutellum dark red ; 5th antennal segment with a length ^ greater than its diameter. m o d e s t a n. sp., C. 1200 ddd Abdomen yellowish e Abdomen and scutellum pale yellowish. Bred from ash apicatus n. sp., ai7i2 ee Abdomen fuscous yellowish, scutellum light fuscous yellowish. Bred from Clematis... c 1 em a t i di s n. sp., ai6s9 cc Antennal segments stemmed d 5th antennal segment with a stem >^ the length of the basal enlargement e Abdomen yellowish red, scutellum yellowish red; 5th antennal segment with a length 2^4 times its diameter, female car icis Felt, Cm dd 5th antennal segment with a stem ^ the length of the basal enlargement, males c Abdomen dark brown, scutellum reddish brown q u e r c i n a Felt, C. 47 ddd 5th antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement, males e Abdomen reddish brown, scutellum fuscous yellowish. Bred from leaf gall on cranberry V a c c i n i i Smith, C. 957 dddd 5th antennal segment with a length iJ4 that ot the basal enlargement, males e Abdomen yellowish brown, scutellum reddish brown . . c a r i c i s Felt, C. i to bbbbbbbbb ly antennal segments c Female, antennal segments sessile 346 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM d Abdomen reddish brown, scutellum fuscous yellow- ish ; Sth antennal segment with a length % greater than its diameter; ovipositor Ys the length of the abdomen, terminal lobes short and broad. Bred from Lepidium 1 e p i d i i n. sp., C. . 1035 cc Males, 5th antennal segment with the stem ^ the length of the basal enlargement d Abdomen pale yellowish, scutellum reddish brown; bred presumably from the common tumid midrib gall on ash t u m i d o s a e n. sp., ai532 bbbbbbbbbb 18 antennal segments c Females, antennal segments sessile d Abdomen pale reddish brown, scutellum dull brown ; the 5th antennal segment with a length ]^2 greater than its diameter m u 1 1 i a n u 1 a t a n. sp., C. 261 dd Abdomen dark reddish brown, scutellum yellowish brown, ovipositor short, the terminal lobes very short and broad florid a n. sp., C. 1057 aa 3d vein straight or nearly so [pi. 35, fig. 3] b Antennal segments 11, sessile, the 5th with a length Yz greater than its diameter, male aberrata n. sp., C. 1200a hb Abdomen fuscous yellowish, scutellum reddish brown, seg- ments cylindric, sessile, with a length ^ greater than the diameter, female cirsioni n. sp., C. 619 bbb 13 antennal segments (- Females, antennal segments sessile (/ Antennal segments cylindric or nearly so e Abdomen dark brown, scutellum black ; the 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter scutata n. sp., C. 507 cc Abdomen dark brown, scutellum reddish brown ; 5th antennal segment with a length yi greater than its diameter a c e r i f o 1 i a Felt, C. 66 cee Abdomen light brown, scutellum dark brown ; Sth antennal segment witli a length Yz greater than its diameter. The legs shorter and stouter than in D . scutata albohirta n. sp., C. 44 eeee Abdomen reddish brown, scutellum brown ; the 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter s i m i li s n. sp., C. 596 cceee Abdomen yellow, thorax tinged with red. Bred from root gall on Rhus, .'r h o i s Coq. dd Antennal segments more or less oval 1 Location provisional. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 347 e Abdomen dark brown, scutellum reddish brown ; the 5th antennal segment with a length Yi greater than its diameter; 4th palpal segment twice the length of the 3d., a n t e n n a t a n. sp., C. 213 ec Abdomen pale salmon, scutellum fuscous yel- lowish; sth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter; the 3d and 4th palpal segments equal, .canadensis Felt, a 1428 bbbh 14 antennal segments d Females, antennal segments sessile e Abdomen dark brown; 5th antennal segment with a length ^ greater than its diameter / Scutellum yellowish brown; 5th tarsal segment stout with a length only twice its diameter. Lobes of the ovipositor stout with a length about 2^ times their width, and tapering distally to the narrowly rounded apex. Bred from leaves of honey locust, Gleditschia g 1 e d i t s c h i a e O. S., C. 958 ff Scutellum dark brown, 5th tarsal seg- ment with a length 3 times its diameter; lobes of the ovipositor long, with a length about 3 times their width and tapering but slightly. Bred from leaves of locust, Robinia pseudacaciae Fitch, ai355 ce Abdomen light or reddish brown / Abdomen reddish brown ; the 5th antennal segment cylindric with a length ^ greater than its diameter; palpi quadriarticulate. Bred from bud gall on Salix californica n. sp., C. 981 // Abdomen light brown, antennal seg- ments ovate, the 5th with a length about H greater than its diameter; palpi triarticulate. Bred from Lupi- nus . . ? 1 e g u m i n i c o 1 a C. 1034 eee Abdomen dark carmine, scutellum yellowish; the 5th antennal segment oval, with a length about twice its diameter; palpi quadriarticu- late, short, stout d e n t i c u 1 a t a Felt, C. 156 348 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM eeee Abdomen reddish orange, scutellum dark brown ; the 5th antennal segment with a ' length J/2 greater than its diameter ; palpi long, the 4th segment being ^ longer than the 3d augusta n. sp., C. 737 dd Antennal segments with a stem ^4 the length of the basal enlargement e Abdomen dark brown, scutellum fuscous yel- lowish, length 2.25 mm, female. Bred from rose ? r o s a r u m Hardy, 31491 ddd Antennal stem Yz the length of tlie basal enlarge- ment, male e Abdomen brown, scutellum dark brown a c e r i f o 1 i a Felt, C. 72 dddd Antennal stem ^ the length of the basal enlarge- ment, male e Abdomen and scutellum dark brown. Bred from locust, Robinia pseudacaciae Fitch, 31355 ddddd Antennal stem as long as the basal enlargement, male e Abdomen reddish brown, scutellum fuscous brown ; 4th palpal segment a little shorter than the 3d. Bred from folded leaves of white clover t r i f o 1 i i Loew bbbbb 15 anteimal segments c Antennal segments sessile, female d Abdomen dark reddish e Scutellum fuscous yellowish; sth antennal seg- ment with a length twice its diameter f 4th palpal segment with a length only yi greater than the 3d. Bred from bed straw, Galium g a 1 i i n. sp., ai678k ee Scutellum fuscous orange; sth antennal seg- ment tapering distally with a length 2^ times its diameter. Bred from Solidago.. folliculi n. sp., 31581 ecc Scutellum fuscous yellowish, the 5th antennal segment with a length 2jX times its diameter ? t r i f o 1 i i Loew dd Aljdnmcn dark brown, scutellum yellowish and fuscous ; 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter; 4th palpal segment yi longer than tlie 3d. Bred from willow, Salix sa lici f oli a Felt, ai675 RFJ'OKT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 349 ddd Abdomen dull orange-yellow, scutellum dark red; 5th antennal segment with a length 2>4 times its diameter; 4th palpal segment Yz longer than the 3d fulva n. sp., C. 257 cc Antennal segments stemmed, male d 5th antennal segment with a stem ^ the length of the basal enlargement e Abdomen brownish black, genitalia yellow. Bred from root gall on Rhus • ' r h 0 i s Coq. dd 5th antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement c Abdomen yellowish red. Taken on clover.. ? 1 e g u m i n i c o 1 a Lintn., a 1695, C. 1034 bbbbbb 16 antennal segments c Antennal segments sessile, female d Abdomen dark brown c Scutellum fuscous yellowish ; 5th antennal segment with a length J^ greater than its diameter ; 4th palpal segment Y longer than the 3d. Bred from bud gall on elm u 1 m e a n. sp., C. 880 cc Scutellum yellowish brown / Antennal segments cylindric, the 5th with a length about 2>^ times its diameter, the ovipositor longer than the body, the lobes with a length about sYz times their breadth. Taken on clover ? 1 e g u m i n i c o 1 a Lintn., C. 105, 114, 134, 740 ff Antennal segments slightly oval, the Sth with a length ^4 greater than its diameter; the ovipositor longer than the body, the lobes having a length four times their breadth rufipedalis n. sp., C. 127 eee Scutellum pale fuscous orange; 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter. Bred from blossoms of Joe pye weed purpurea n. sp., a 1693a dd Abdomen l)rown, scutellum dull red ; 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter. Bred from Lysimachia lysimachiae Beutm., aii92 Location provisionaL 3SO NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ddd Abdomen yellowish orangt, scutellum yellowish while ; 5th antcnnal segment with a length twice its diameter f 1 a V o a 1) d o m i n a 1 i s n. sp., C. 738 cc Antennal segments stemmed, males d 5th antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement e Abdomen dark brown ; 5tli antcnnal segment with the enlargement ^ longer than its diameter. Bred from willow, Salix sal ici folia Felt, ai675 ee Abdomen and scutellum reddish brown; taken on clover ? 1 e g 11 m i n i c o 1 a Lintn., C. 125, 457 eee Abdomen brown, scutellum dull red. Bred from loose bud gall on Lysimachia 1 y s i m a c h i a e Beutm., aiig2 dd 5th antennal segment with the stem ]4 longer than the basal enlargment e Abdomen dark reddish orange, scutellum brown a 1 1 e n u a t a n. sp., C. lacgb bbbbbbb 17 antennal segments d Antennal segments sessile, females e Abdomen reddish brown, scutellum yellowish ; 5tli antennal segment with a length 2^4 times its diameter f 1 a V o s c u t a Felt, C. 553 cc Abdomen blood red, scutellum pale yellowish ; 5th antennal segment with a length 2% times its diameter. Bred from Lysimachia 1 y s i m a c h i a e Beutm., C. 1240 cec Abdomen fuscous orange, scutellum brownish orange; sth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter c o n s o b r i n a Felt, C. 215 cc Antennal segments stemmed, males d 5th antennal segment with a stem ->4 the length of the basal enlargement c Abdomen dark brown, scutellum reddish brown m e 1 i 1 o t i i Felt, C. 744 dd 5th antennal segment with a stem as long as the '" basal enlargement e Abdomen pale salmon, scutellum yellowish orange. Bred from spruce seeds canadensis Felt, ai428 ddd 5th antennal segment with a stem % longer than the basal enlargement e Abdomen dark brown, scutellum reddish brown.. pedal is n. sp., C 410 REPORT OF TIIR STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 35 1 bhbhbbhh 18 antennal segments c Abdomen red, antennal segments with the stem as long as the basal enlargement in the male, sessile in the female. Bred from an apical bud gall on alder ^ s e r r u 1 a t a e O. S. RHABDOPHAGA WcStW. This genus comprises a number of large, usually reddish brown forms breeding mostly in woody galls, particularly those on willow. It intergrades with Dasyneura and the more typical members may be distinguished by the usually tapering 3d vein uniting with the margin at or very near the apex of the wing [pi 3C5, fig- I]. Key to species a 14 antennal segments b Segments sessile ; abdomen reddish brown ; claws rather stout. Bred apparently from a Rigidae gall sodalitatis n. sp., ai074b aa 15 to 17 antennal segments b Females ; antennae short, segments sessile c 3d vein uniting with the costa at the apex ; the ovipositor shorter than the body (/ 17 antennal segments, the 5th with a length twice its diameter ; the 4th palpal segment Y4 longer than the 3d ; the Icbes of the ovipositor with a length 3 times the width. Bred from Triticoides and Hordeoides galls of Walsh triticoides Walsh, aio87x, ai073x dd 16 antennal segments, the 5th with a length twice its diameter, tapering distally; the 4th palpal segment with a length Yi greater than its diameter; the lobes of the ovipositor with a length 3^2 times their width. Bred from an apparently typical Strobiloides gall.... p e r s i m i 1 i s n. sp., aiSri ddd 15 antennal segments e 5th antennal segment with a length ^ greater than its diameter ; ovipositor lobe with a length 'Y greater than its width ; abdomen dark red, yel- lowish basally. Bred from nodular gall at base of willow twigs n o d u 1 a Walsh, ai4i2 ee 5th antennal segment with a length 2^ times its diameter ; ovipositor lobe with a length 3 times its width ; the 3d and 4th palpal segments equal. Bred from willow twig r a m u s c u 1 a n. sp., ai449a ? C. 1242 cc 3d vein uniting with the costa a little before the apex ; ovi- positor long 1 Location provisionaL 352 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM d 15 antennal segments c 5th antennal segment with a length ' j greater than its diameter f 15th antennal segment slightly extended, with a length only 3 times its diameter, the 4th palpal segment Yi longer than the 3d. Bred from rolled willow leaves p 1 i c a t a n. sp., C. 1037 ee 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter f 15th antennal segment reduced; the 4th palpal segment ^ longer than the 3d ; the ovi- positor lobe with a length 3 times its width. Bred from a Strobiloides gall ? albovittata Walsh, a 1442a, ar433a // 15th antennal segment extended, with a length fully 5 times its diameter; 3d and 4th palpal segments equal ; ovipositor lobe with a length 4 times its diameter. Bred from small, clustered, rosette bud galls on willow r a c e m i n. sp., C. 1245 dd 17 antennal segments e Wings broad; 5th antennal segment with a length ^ greater than its diameter; 4th palpal segment with a length twice that of the 3d ; ovipositor lobe with a length 2^4 times its diameter m a r g i n a t a n. sp., C. 81 ee Wings narrow ; 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter ; the 4th palpal segment % longer than the 3d ; ovipositor lobe with a length 3 times its width. Bred from irregular twig gall on willow. . .s a 1 i c i s Schrank, ai356 bb Males ; antennal segments stemmed c 5th antennal segments with a length J.^ that of the basal en- largement d Antennae slender, the basal enlargement of the Sth segment with a length twice its diameter ; the palpi slender, the 4th ]4 longer than the 3d ; harpes with a long chitinous process apically. Bred from willow twig r a m u s c u 1 a n. sp., a 1449a dd Antennae stout, the basal enlargement of the 5th seg- ment with a length ^.-^ greater than its diameter ; the 3d and 4th palpal segments equal; harpes without long chitinous processes apicall}'. Bred from a nod- ular gall at the base of willow twig s nodula Walsh, ai4i2, C. 779 cc 5th antennal segment with a length ^ that of the basal en- largement d Antennae nearly as long as the body REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 353 e The basal enlargement of the 5th antcnnal seg- ment with a length twice that of its di- ameter / Wings broad, with a length only about Vi greater than the width g 16 antennal segments ; the 3d and 4th palpal segments equal. Bred from an inconspicuous knotted gall on willow.. 1 a t i p e n n i s n. sp., C. 782 ff Wings slender, with a length about 2^4 times their width g Claws strongly curved, the basal tooth long h 17 antennal segments, the basal en- largement of the Sth with a length T-Yi times its diameter; the 4th palpal segment ^4 longer than the 3d. Bred from irregular stem gall on willow salicis Schrank, ai35t) gg Claws long, slightly curved, the basal tooth small h 17 antennal segments, the basal en- largement of the 5th ovate, with a length twice its diameter californica n. sp., C. 1012 hh 18 antennal segments, the 5th having the basal enlargement cylindric, with a length 2^ times its diameter occiden talis n. sp., C. 1073 ee Basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length only ^ greater than its di- ameter / 16 antennal segments ; bred from a Triticoides and Hordeoides gall of Walsh . triticoides Walsh, 31076, aio87c dd Antennae about Yz the length of the body e Subcosta uniting with the margin just before the basal half /■ 16 antennal segments, the 5tb having the basal enlargement with a length twice its di- ameter; the 4th palpal segment twice the length of the 3d. Taken on red clover prate n sis n. sp., C 141 // 17 antennal segments, the 5th having the basal enlargement Vi longer than its diameter; the 3d and 4th palpal segments equal ; bred from small clustered rosette bud galls on vi^illow racemi n. sp., C. 1245 ee Subcosta uniting with the margin at the basal 3d 354 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM / 5th antennal segment having the basal en- largement with a length Y^ greater than its diameter g 15 antennal segments ; the ventral plate slender, deeply emarginate, the lobes short ; harpes subacute •a c e r i f o 1 i a Felt, C. 36 gg 16 antennal segments; ventral plate stout, deeply emarginate, the lobes long; harpes truncate; bred from large ter- minal rosette bud gall on rose rosacea n. sp., C. 1244 // Sth antennal segment having the basal en- largement with a length twice its di- ameter g 15 antennal segments ; harpes obliquely truncate with conspicuous quadrate teeth ; bred from a subglobular poly- thalamous gall on side of willow twig globosa n. sp., aio84a gg I J antennal segments; harpes subacute with variable quadrate teeth ; bred from a Triticoides and Hordeoides gall of Walsh triticoides Walsh, 31076, aioS; ccc 5th antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal en- largement d 16 antennal segments, the 5th having the basal enlarge- ment with a length ^ greater than its diameter ; the 4th palpal segment yi longer than the 3d; bred from a Strobiloides gall. .? albovittata Walsh, ai442b cccc 5th antennal segment with a stem ^4 longer than the basal enlargement d 16 antennal segments ; the dorsal plate triangularly in- cised; ventral plate deeply and narrowly incised; bred from a deformed willow bud gemmae n. sp., C. 254 aaa 18 to 20 antennal segments h Females, antennal segments sessile c 18 antennal segments d Antennal segments tapering distally e Length 2.5 mm ; abdomen dark brown ; the Sth an- tennal segment with a length >< greater than its diameter; thinly setulose; the 4th palpal segment y2 longer than the 3d ; bred from whitish cocoons on poplar p o p u 1 i Felt, C. 78X, 3322, aii26 ce Length 3 mm ; abdomen dark brown ; the Sth an- tennal segment with a length twice its diameter; thickly setulose ; 4th palpal segment ^ longer than the 3d ; bred from a small, oval, rosette gall on willow normaniana n. sp., C. 1246 REPORT Ov THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 355 ct-c Length 1.5 mm; abdomen reddish brown; the Sth antennal segment with a length twice its di- ^ ameter; thickly settilose; the 4th palpal segment % longer than the 3d ; bred from twigs on Cepha- lanthus c e p h a 1 a n t h i n. sp., C. 1048 re- 19 or 20 antennal segments (/ Abdomen dark brown ; the Sth antennal segment with a length J/^ greater than its diameter; the 3d and 4th palpal segments equal; bred from a gouty twig gall on willow batatas Walsh, a686, aii02, aiioS dd Abdomen reddish brown ; the 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter; the 4th palpal segment V^ longer than the 3d; bred from a fleshy pouch gall on Spiraea leaf salicifolia Felt, C. 1045, ^1505 bb Maks. antennal segments stemmed c Stem of the 5th antennal segment yi the length of the basal enlargement d 19 antennal segments; length 3 mm; dorsal plate very deeply incised, almost divided; the harpes truncate consobrina Felt, C. 39 dd 18 antennal segments; length 2mm; dorsal plate very deeply emarginate; harpes subtriangular ; bred from whitish cocoon on poplar populi Felt, C. 78x, a322, aii26 cc Stem of the 5th antennal segment H the length of the basal enlargement d Length 2.5 mm ; harpes rounded distally absobrina Felt, C. 40 ccc Stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length ^4 that of the basal enlargement d Length 2.5 mm ; ventral plate long, narrowly and deeply incised; bred from gouty gall on willow twig batatas Walsh, a686, aii02, aiioS cccc Stem of the Sth antennal segment as long as the basal en- largement d Length i.s mm; ventral plate long and broadly rounded distally; bred from pouch fold gall on Spiraea leaf., salicifolia Felt, aisos aaaa 21 or more antennal segments b Females, segments sessile or subsessile c Length 4 mm; 22 to 23 antennal segments, the Sth with a length twice its diameter; abdomen dark reddish brown; bred from inconspicuous swellings on willow twigs p o d a g r a e n. sp., ai399, ai076y cc Length S mm ; 26-29 antennal segments. Bred from clustered rcs'ette gall on dwarf willow r h o d o i d e s Walsh, C. 1247, 775-77 ccc 25 to 26 antennal segments ; lateral whitish tufts on abdomen usually well marked; lobes of ovipositor oval with a length twice their breadth; bred from pine cone gall on willow.. s t r o b i 1 o i d c s Walsh 35^ NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM cccc 24 antennal segments ; the lateral tufts on abdomen not well marked; lobes of ovipositor long, narrowly oval, with a length 2K> times the width ; bred from rosette gall on willow brassicoides Walsh bb Males, antennal segments stemmed c Stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length ^y\ of the basal enlargement, males d 23 antennal segments ; the 4th palpal segment Y2 longer than the 3d ; apical processses on harpes short, broadlj^ rounded ; length 4 mm ; lateral tufts on abdomen well marked; bred from pine cone gall on willow strobiloides Walsh, 31173, ^1340, 31442, C. 12-18 dd 22 antennal segments ; 4th palpal segment as long as the 3d; the apical chitinnus processes on the harpes, lon;^-, subquadrate; length 3.5 mm; lateral tufts on abdomen not well marked ; bred from loose leaf rosette gall on willow brassicoides Walsh, 31433, 31467 ddd 23 to 25 antennal segments; harpes broadly truncate; length 4 mm ; bred from larsje loose apic3l le3f gall on willow ? r h o d o i d e s Walsh, C. 77S~77, 1247 dddd 21 to 23 3ntennal segments; length 3 mm; bred f ro n slightly swollen willow twigs pod3grae n. sp.. 31399, 3i07oy OLIGOTROPHIARIAE This group is composed mostly of rather large species which may be recognized by the third vein being well separated froin the anterior margin, the rather short cylindric antennal seg- ments, and the simple claws. HOST PLANTS AND GALLS OF THE OLIGOTROPHIARIAE The following tabulation of the known galls produced by members of this group will undoubtedly prove of service in identifying the various species. Antennaria Oval bud gall on A . p 1 3 n t a g i n i f o 1 i a R h o p a 1 0 m y i 3 3 n t e n n a r i a e , C. 960 Woolly apical galls presumably on Antennari3 Rhop3domyi3 p i 1 o s a, C. 1215 Artemisia Globular woolly galls about i cm in diameter Rhop3lomyi3 alticol3, C. 768 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 357 Aster Dwarf flower heads on A . p a n i c u 1 a t a Rhopalomyia asteriflorae C. 31757 Axillary bud galls on A . 1 a t e r i f 1 o r u s Rhopalomyia lateriflori, C. a.i-31 Oval twig gall on A. novae-angliae Rhopalomyia astericaulis, C. 1107a . Audibertia stachyoides Gall undescribed Rhopalomyia a u d i b e r t i a e , C. 1029 Baccharis pilularis Flower gall Rhopalomyia c a 1 i f o rn i c a , C. 1003, 983, 984 Stem gall Rhopalomyia baccharis, C. 982 Betula (birch) Bred from seeds Oligotrophus betulae Winn. Bigelovia Hollow, stem gall Rhopalomyia bigeloviae, C. 1070 Oval seed gall Rhopalomyia bigelovioides, C. 940 Celtis (hackberry) Leaves M a y e t i o 1 a c e 1 1 i p h y 1 1 i a , C. 913, 918 Comptonia (sweetfern) Fleshy leaf fold Janeriella a s p 1 e n i f o 1 i a , C. 1 103 Gutierrezia sarothrae Oval swelling in flower heads Rhopalomyia gutierrezia e, C. ai742 Hordeum (barley) Leaf sheaths Mayetiola destructor, C. 771, 772 Juniperinus calif ornica (juniper) Galled fruit W a 1 s h o m y i a j u n i p e r i n a , C. 1049 Ribes (currant) ?*r a y e t i o 1 a c a 1 i f o r n i c a , C. 919 Salix (willow) Apical rosette gall Mayetiola w a 1 s h i i , C. 774 Apical beak gall ...-». Mayetiola rigidae, C. 3687 Slender twigs Mayetiola caulicola, C. ai822a Subglobose g^lls on slender twigs Mayetiola t u m i d o s a e , C. 1300 Stems Mayetiola p e r o c c u 1 ta , C. 1251 Mayetiola americana, C. 920 35^ NEW YORK STATE AIUSEUiM Solidago (goldenrodj Flower galls On S. canadense Subglobular, smooth, budlike, 2 mm in diameter Riiopalomyia racemicola, C. ai6o5 Cylindric, pubescent, 6 mm long R h o p a 1 o m y i a a n t h o p h i i a , C. 1039, ai6o8 On Solidago, gall undescribed R h o p a 1 o m y i a c r u z i a n a , C. 942 Leaf galls Apical rosette galls On S . c a n a d e n s c . . . . R h o p a 1 o m y i a Carolina, C. ^1635 Rhopalomyia albipennis, C. ai655 O 1 i g o t r o p ]) u s i n q u i 1 i n u s , C. ai665 On S . canadense and S. scroti n a Rhopalomyia c a p i t a t a , C. ai750, ai754 Rhopalomyia inquisitor, C. ai75oa Subapical or lateral oval gal! en E u t h a m i a 1 a n c e o 1 a t a Rhopalomyia 1 a n c e o 1 a t a , C. 784 On leaves Etilhaiiiia laiiccclala Ribbed, fusiform, 6 mm long Rhopalomyia fusiform is, C. ai 150 Fusiform stemmed gall 13 to 14 mm long Rhopalomyia p e d i c e 1 1 a t a , C. ai650 Solidago riigosa Very small, fusiform, i .6 mm long Rhopalomyia clarkei, C. 31634 Stem galls Eh I Inn Ilia lanccGlata Ribbed, fusiform, 6 mm ....Rhopalomyia f u s i f o r m i s , C. ai 150 Fusiform stemmed gall, 13 to 14 mm Rhopalomyia p e d i c e 1 1 a t a , C. 31650 Subgli I)ular, near tip, 1.5 cm in diameter Rhopalomyia 1 o b a t a , . C. 31647 Solidago Large, suboval, near ground Rhopalomyia h i r t i p e s , C. 1059, 31284 Bulbletlike at base of stem. . Rhopalomyia b u 1 b u 1 a, C. Ii 15 Stout, cylindric, on root stock , Rhopalomyia t h o m p s o n i , C. 1 100 Triticum (wheat) Leaf sheaths M a y e t i o 1 3 destructor, C. 771, 772 Ulmus (elm) Buds and young, curled leaves M a y e t i o 1 a u 1 m i , C. 1239, 31683 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 359 Viola (violet) Rolled leaves Mayctiola (Diplosis) violicola, C. 3x346 Vitis (grape) Tumid leaf (vitis) gall J a n e t i e 1 1 a b r c v i c a u d a , C. 878 Key to genera a Palpi uni or biarticulate b Ovipositor of female short, enlarged, triangular; terminal clasp seg- ment of male distinctly prolonged, not fusiform. . .Walshomyia n. g. bb Ovipositor of female short with the sickle-shaped plate projecting dorsally Sackenomyia n. g. bbb Ovipositor of female fleshy, at least moderately long, not enlarged, terminal lobes rather short and stout; terminal clasp segment of male short, stout, fusiform Rhopalomyia Rubs. aa Palpi triarticulate Oligotrophus Latr. aaa Palpi quadriarticulatc b 3d vein uniting with costa at the apex of the wing. ..Mayetiola Kieff. bb 3d vein uniting with costa well before the apex of the wing Janetiella Kiel¥. WALSHOMYIA n. g. This genus appears to be intermediate between Rhopalomyia and Rhabdophaga. It has i8 or 19 antennal segments, those of the male distinctly stalked, with but one palpal segment and simple Fig. 33 Walshomyia juniperina, male and female antennal segments, much enlarged. (Origin 36o NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM claws. It is separated from the former by the terminal clasp segment of the male being distinctly prolonged, not swollen and strongly fusiform as in Rhopalomyia. The structure of the dorsal plate, ventral plate and genitalia approach that of Rhab- dophaga. The pulvilli are remarkably long, being nearly twice the length of the claws. The female has the terminal segment distinctly enlarged to form a subtriangnlar apical process [fig. 35] instead of the much prolonged ovipositor of Rhopalomyia. Type W a 1 s h o m y i a j u n i p e r i n a n. sp. ,-^-'>N \' '[^)\0}\\'l Fig. 34 W a 1 s h o m y i a j u n i d e r i u a, palp and claw, much enlarged. (Origiaal) ' Fig. 3S Walshomyia juniperina, dorsal view of ovipositor, much enlarged. (Original) It is a pleasure to dedicate this genus to the late Benjamin Dann Walsh, who did such thorough work upon the species of Cecidomyiidae infesting the willow. Walshomyia juniperina n. sp. Male. Length 1.5 mm; antennae probably extending to the fourth abdominal segment, thickly haired, light reddish brown, composed of 18 segments. Mesonotum light reddish brown. Scutellum reddish yellow, postscutellum a little darker. Abdo- men dark reddish brown, the genitalia greatly enlarged, reddish yellow. Wings hyaline. Halteres yellowish basally, slightly fuscous apically. Legs somewhat variable fuscous yellowish. Female. Length 2 mm. Antennae extending to the third abdominal segment, rather thickly haired, light reddish brown, REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 361 composed of i6 or 17 segments. Mesonotum dark reddish brown with snbmedian lines indistinct, yellowish. Scutellum reddish yellow, postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen shiny, rather dark reddish brown. Other colorational features practically as in the opposite sex. Bred June 19, 1884, from fruit of J u n i p e r u s c a 1 i f o r n i c a taken at New Indria, Cal. Type C. 1049. Fig. 36 Sackenomyia acerifoiia, fifth antennal segment and palp, much enlarged. (Original) Fig. 37 Sackenomyi; (Original) of ovipositor, much enlarged. SACKENOMYIA n. The antennae are composed of twelve segments ; the palpi arc triarticulate, and the claws are simple. This genus is easily dis- tinguished by the short ovipositor with the sickle-shaped blade [fig. 37] projecting dorsally from the- posterior extremity. Type Oligotrophus acerifolius Felt. The wing is shown on plate 36, figure 2. 362 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM KHOPALOMYIA Rubs, This genus was erected in 1892 by Rnbsaamen, with R. tanaceticola Karsch as type. This species is a very char- acteristic form, the third vein uniting with the margin at the apex of the wing; the fifth with its distal portion very faint, joins the posterior margin at the distal third, its branch near the basal third. The pulvilli are fully as long as the simple claws, the palpi uniarticulate and the antennae composed of 19 segments in both sexes. The fifth segment in the male has a stem equal to the basal enlargement, which latter has a length about tAvice its diameter, a thick subbasal whorl of rather long, stout setae and the distal two thirds ornamented with a thick whorl of long, curved setae; low circumfili pre- sumably occur on the enlargement near the basal third and apically. The genitalia are of the same type commonly seen in American representatives of this genus. The fifth segment of the female antennae has a stem y^ the length of the basal enlargement, which latter is produced and has a length nearly 2^ times its diameter and with the distal two thirds irregularly traversed by rather numerous anastomosing circumfili. The ovi- positor is probably about >4 the length of the abdomen when fully extended, the terminal lobes rather short, broad and taper- ing to a broadly rounded apex, rather sparsely clothed with coarse setae. The American representatives of this genus have a very close gen- eral resemblance, being usually reddish brown, rather large insects. They vary widely in certain characteristics, the male antennae rang- ing in number from 23 segments down to 12 segments, and the stem of the fifth seginent varying in length from about ^4 longer than the basal enlargement to a stem only Yz the length of the basal en- largement. The segments of the female antennae vary in number from 25 to 13 and may have a stem ^ the length of the basal en- largement or be practically sessile. The palpi are uni or biarticu- late. The male genitalia and the ovipositor of the female are quite characteristic of the genus, though approached in form by certain other genera. The general appearance of the wing is characteristic, the third vein uniting with the margin at or very close to the apex, while the distal third of the fifth vein is very, faint [pi. 34, fig. 2, 10]. The claws are invariably simple and the pulvilli usually as long or a little longer than the claws. REPORT OF THE STATE EXTOMOLOGIST I907 363 Members of this genus display a marked preference for flower or bud galls, a very large proportion being reared from de- formed buds, among Avliich may be classed the conspicuous apical rosette galls, the less conspicuous flower or bud galls and the reduced flower heads. A number also breed in leaf galls such, for example, as R. p e d i c e 1 1 a t a and R. fusiformis, both of which inhabit a very characteristic type of gall appear- ing on the stem, the leaf or even in the flower head. Certain species breed in bud galls near the base of the stem as, for example, R. b u 1 b u 1 a , and one species, R. t h o m p s o n i, in the root stock. The well known R. h i r t i p e s is unique among our eastern forms, in that it produces a very character- istic gall on the stem. This latter exception, however, is more apparent than real, since the original point of attack is undoubt- edly on the young growing stem, and it might be considered as an injury just falling short of the terminal bud. The last named species is easily separated from allied forms. American members of this genus display a marked preference for Solidago, some fourteen species having been reared therefrom, while the closely allied Aster supports three additional forms. Each of the species of this genus producing a gall on Solidago, makes a characteristic deformity which appears to be correlated with well marked structural dififerences in the adult, and presumably by divergencies in habits. Key to species a Antennae with 20 or more segments b 24 to 25 antennal segments ; abdomen dark reddish brown ; palpi biarticulate ; female, bred from loose, rosette galls on Solidago canadensis Carolina n. sp., C. ai635 bb 22 to 23 antennal segments c Abdomen dark brown ; legs dark brown ; antennal stem ^ longer than the basal enlargement ; palpi biarticulate ; male m a j o r Felt, C. 90 cc Abdomen reddish brown or brownish red; antennal stem in male 54 and in female ^ the length of the basal enlarge- ment ; male and female, bred from subglobular stem gall on Solidago (C e c i d o m y i a ) h i r t i p e s O. S., C. ai059, ai284 bbb 20 to 21 antennal segments c Antennal stem }i longer than the basal enlargement : abdomen fuscous yellowish ; legs fuscuous yellowish d Palpi biarticulate, the basal enlargement with a length twice its diameter; male, lired from terminal rosette gall on Solidago c a p i t a t a n. sp., C. ai750 364 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM dd Palpi uniarticulate, basal enlargement with a length K' greater than its diameter; male, bred from terminal rosette gall on Solidago inquisitor n. sp., C. ai/soa cc Antennal stem as long as the basal enlargement d Abdomen yellowish red; mesonotum reddish brown; wings narrow ; antennae with 18 to 20 segments ; male, bred from subglobular budlike gall on Solidago (C e c i d o m y i a r a c e m i c o I a O. S.) r a c e m i c o 1 a n. sp., C. ai6o5 dd Abdomen dark fuscous yellowish; mesonotu-n l^rown ; wings broad; ventral plate deeply emarginate; male.. a p i c a t a n. sp., C. 529 ddd Abdomen dark brown ; mesonotum dark brown : wings broad, ventral plate slightly emarginate; male, bred from subcylindric, pubescent bud gall on Solidago (C e c i d o m y i a ) a n t h o p h i 1 a O. S., C. 1039, ai6c8 ccc Antennal stem Y^ the length of the basal enlargement d Wings with whitish cast ; abdomen fuscous yellowish ; mesonotum dark brown ; palpi biarticulate ; male, bred from terminal rosette gall on Solidago albipennis n. sp., C. ai655 dd Wings hyaline ; abdomen dark fuscous ; mesonotum light brown; palpi uniarticulate; male, bred from fusi- form leaf gall on Euthamia f u s i f o r m i s Felt, C. a 1150 cccc Antennal segments sessile; abdomen fuscous reddish brown; mesonotum yellowish brown; palpi biarticulate; female, bred from terminal rosette gall on Solidago capitata n. sp., C. ai/SO, ai754 d Abdomen reddish orange ; mesonotum yellowish brown ; palpi uniarticulate; female, bred from axillary bud gall on Aster later iflori n. sp., C. ai73r aa Antennae with 18 or 19 segments b Antennal stem as long as the ba.'^al enlargement c Abdomen reddish brown d Palpi uniarticulate; male, bred from gall on Baccharis.. c a 1 i f o r n i c a n. sp., C. 1003, 983, 984 dd Palpi biarticulate; male, bred from stem gall on Baccharis baccharis n. sp., C. 982 cc Abdomen fuscous yellowish ; mesonotum reddish brown ; palpi uniarticulate; male, bred from axillary bud gall on Aster.. 1 a t e r i f 1 o r i n. sp., C. ai73i ccc Abdomen yellowish red ; mesonotum reddish brown ; palpi biarticulate ; male, bred from subglobular, budlike gall on Solidago racemicola n. sp., C. ai6o5 bb Antennal stem Y4. the length of the basal enlargement c Palpi biarticulate REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 365 d Abdomen brownish red; mesonotum dark red; male, bred from ovoid, fleshy, root stock gall on Solidago t h o m p s 0 n i Felt, C. 1 100 cc Palpi uniarticulate d Antennae with ig segments e Abdomen dark brown ; mesonotum reddish brown ; male a b n o r m i s n. sp., C. 580 ee Abdomen dark fuscous ; mesonotum light brown ; male, bred from fusiform leaf gall on Euthamia... fusiformis Felt, C. aiiso dd Antennae with 18 segments e Abdomen reddish brown; mesonotum reddish brown • f Basal enlargement of antennal segments with a length y2 greater than its diameter; lobes of dorsal plate truncate apically; male truncata n. sp., C. 1050 // Basal enlargement of antennal segments with a length twice its diameter; lobes of dorsal plate rounded distally; male, bred from oval twig gall on Aster, .as te rica ul i s Felt, C. 1107a ee Abdomen dark reddish brown ; mesonotum reddish brown; male, bred from fruit of Juniperus W a 1 s h o m y i a j u n i p e r i n a n. sp., C. 1049 eee Abdomen fuscous yellowish / Mesonotum dark brown ; bred from bulblike galls on Solidago bulbula n. sp., C. 11 15 // Mesonotum shining red; male, bred from axillary bud gall on A ster lat er if lo r i n. sp., C. ai73i eeee Abdomen yellowish brown; mesonotum reddish brown ; male p i n i Felt, C. 1 16 bbb Antennal stem with a length Yi the basal enlargement c Abdomen fuscous yellowish; mesonotum fuscous yellowish; male, bred from stemmed, fusiform gall on Euthamia leaves or stems pedicellata n. sp., C. ai65o, ai3ii cc Abdomen dark reddish brown ; mesonotum dark brown ; female •. p a 1 u s t r i s n. sp., C. 1208 bbbh Antennal segments sessile or nearly so c Palpi biarticulate d Antennal segments 19 e Abdomen and mesonotum reddish; female, bred from subcylindric, pubescent bud gall on Solidago a n t h o p h i 1 a O. S., C. 1039, ai6o8 ee Abdomen reddish brown; mesonotum dark reddish brown; female, bred from stem gall on Baccharis baccharis n. sp., C. 982 dd 18 antennal segments 366 KEW YORK STATE MUSEUM e Abdomen dark carmine ; mesonotum bright yellowish ; scutellum pale yellow ; female, bred from subglobu- lar, budlike gall on Solidago racemicola n. sp., C. ai6o5 cc Abdomen and mesonotum dark brown or black; scutellum dark reddish brown; female, bred from ovcid, flesh)-, root stock gall on Solidago t h o m p s o n i Felt, C. i ico cc Palpi uniarliculate d Antennae with 19 segments c Abdomen dark red ; mesonotum reddish brown ; legs fuscous yellowish ; female, bred from stemmed, fusiform gall on Euthamia leaves or stems pedicellata n. sp., C. 31650, ai3ii, 686 ce Abdomen dark brown ; mesonotum reddish brown ; legs dark brown; female, bred from subglobular stem gall on Euthamia. . .1 ob at a n. sp., C. 31647 cee Abdomen dark brown ; mesonotum dark brown ; tibiae and tarsi fuscous ; female, bred from dwarf flower heads of Aster asteriflorae Felt, C. 31757 ceee Abdomen fuscous yellowish; mesonotum yellowish brown; legs fuscous yellowish; female, bred from terminal rosette gall on Solidago inquisitor n. sp., C. 317503 dd Antennae with 18 segments e Abdomen reddish brown; mesonotum brown; legs dark brown; female, bred from fusiform leaf gall on Euthamis fusiformis Felt, C. 843, 31150 ee Abdomen p3le yellowish ; mesonotum dark brown ; legs fuscous yellowish; female, bred from bulblike galls on Solidago bulbula n. sp., C. 11 15 eee Abdomen light brown; mesonotum dark brown; legs light brown; female, bred from gall on Bigelovia. . b i g e 1 o V i o i d e s n. sp., C. 940 eeee Abdomen reddish brown ; mesonotum dark reddish brown ; legs light brown ; female, bred from gall on Baccharis . . c a 1 i f o r n i c 3 n. sp., C. 1003, 983, 984 aaa Antennae with 17 segments or less h Antennae with 17 segments c Antennal stem as long as the basal enlargement d Abdomen fuscous yellowish; mesonotum fuscous yellow- ish; male, bred from woolly apicsl bud g3ll on ?Anten- naria p i 1 o s a n. sp., C. 1215 dd Abdomen light brown ; mesonotum shining brown ; male, bred from flower galls on Solidago c r u 7, i a n 3 n. sp., C. 942 cc Anlciinal stem Y^ the length of the l)asal enlargement Ki:i'ORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 367 d Abdomen light yellowish; mesonouim light brown; male, bred from apical rosette gall on Euthamia lanceolata n. sp., C. 784 ccc Antennal stem y^ the length of the basal enlargement d Abdomen light brown; mesonotum dark brown; female, bred from gall on Bigelovia bigelovioides n. sp., C. 940 dd Abdomen fuscous yellowish ; mesonotum dark brown ; female, bred from woolly apical bud gall on ?Anten- naria pilosa n. sp., C. 1215 cccc Antennal segments sessile or nearly so d Abdomen and mesonotum reddish brown; scutellum red- dish yellow; female, bred from fruit of Juniperus Walshomyia juniperina n. sp., C. 1049 dd Abdomen dull red; mesonotum and scutellum dark red; female, bred from very small, fusiform gall on Solidago leaves clarkei Felt, C. 31634 bb Antennae with 16 segments c Antennal stem with a length ^ that of the basal enlargement d Abdomen dark reddish brown ; mesonotum dark brown ; male, bred from woolly bud gall on Antennaria (Cecidomyia) antennariae Whir., C. 960 cc Antennal stems Ys the length of the basal enlargement d Abdomen yellowish brown ; mesonotum dark brown ; male, bred from woolly, globular gall on branches of Artemisia ..(Cecidomyia) alticola Ckll., C. 768 dd Abdomen dark reddish brown ; mesonotuni brownish black; ferriale, bred from woolly, globular gall on branches of Artemisia (Cecidomyia) alticola. Ckll., C. 768, 31353 ccc Antennal segments sessile or nearly so d Abdomen dark reddish brown; mesonotum dark brown; female, bred from woolly bud gall on Antennaria (Cecidomyia) antennariae Whir., C. 960 bbb Antennae with 15 segments c Antennal stem % longer than the basal enlargement d Abdomen yellowish brown; legs dark brown; on Soli- dago; male arcuata Felt, C. 124 cc Antennal stems with a length ^ that of the basal enlargement d Abdomen and mesonotum brown; palpi uniarticulate ; male, bred from suboval flower or bud galls on Gu- tierrezia (Asphondylia) gutierreziae Ckll., C. 31742 ccc Antennal segments sessile or nearly so (/ Palpi biarticulate e Abdomen light brown ; mesonotum shining brown ; female, bred from flower galls on Solidago c r u z i a n a n. sp., C. 942 368 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM dd Palpi uniarticulate e Abdomen yellowish ; mesonotum reddish brown ; female, bred from apical rosette gall on Euthamia lanceolata n. sp., C. 784 ee Abdomen reddish or light yellowish brown; meso- notum reddish brown; female, bred from a hollow gall on Bigelovia bigeloviae Ckll., C. 1070 hbbb Antennae with 13 to 14 segments c Abdomen brownish red; mesonotum reddish brown; female, bred from suboval flower or bud galls on Gutierrezia (Asphondylia) gutierreziae Ckll., C. 31742 cc Abdomen and mesonotum dark brown ; female, bred from gall on Audibertia audibertiae Felt, C. 1029 bbbhb Antennae with 12 segments c Antennal stem with a lengtli Y^ that of the basal enlargement d Abdomen and mesonotum dark brown ; palpi uniarticu- late; male, bred from gall on Audibertia audibertiae Felt, C. 1029 cc Antennal segments sessile or nearly so d Abdomen pale yellowish ; palpi biarticulate (Oligotrophus) Sackenomyia acerifolia Felt, C. 38 OLiGOTROPHUs Latr. This group, as at present restricted, comprises a number of forms related to Dasyneura and Rhabdophaga and differing therefrom by having the claws simple. It is separated from more closely allied genera by the triarticulate palpi. The wing is illustrated on plate 36, figure I, Key to species a 13 or 14 antennal segments; abdomen dark brown b 13 or 14 sessile antennal segments, the 5th with the basal enlargement J4 greater than its diameter, the 3d palpal segment twice the length of the 2d ; female, bred from Betula seeds b e t u 1 a e Winn., C. 964 bb 14 subsessile antennal segments, the Sth with a stem about J4 the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length twice its diameter; the 3d palpal segment is 3 times the length of the 2d; female v e r n a 1 i s n. sp., C. 60 aa IS antennal segments b Abdomen dark brown, the 5th antennal segment with a stem J/^ the length of the basal enlargement; male, bred from Betula seeds b e t u 1 a e Winn., C. 964 aaa 16 antennal segments b Abdomen fuscous yellowish, the 5th antennal segment with a stem ^ longer than the basal enlargement; bred from an apical rosette gall on Solidago i n q u i 1 i n us n. sp., C. ai655a REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 369 MAYETIOLA Kieff. This genus is of particular interest, as it includes the exceedingly injurious wheat pest known as the Hessian fly, M. destructor Say. It comprises an assemblage of species which may be recog- nized by the third vein uniting with costa at or beyond the apex, in connection with the quadriarticulate palpi and simple claws. Plate 36, figure 6 illustrates a unique form, possibly the representative of another genus. Key to species « 12 to 15 antennal segments b 12 antennal segments c Abdomen yellowish ; antennae light brown, the segments sub- sessile; male (O 1 i go t r op h u s) azaleae Felt, C. 48 bb 13 sessile or subsessile antennal segments c Abdomen and antennae dark brown ; male (Oligotrophus) ace r is Felt, C. 66a cc Abdomen reddish brown; ovipositor ^4 the length of the body; female v i r g i n i a ri a n. sp., C. 80 ccc Abdomen reddish brown ; ovipositor as long as the body ; female b a 1 s a m i f e r a n. sp., C. 146 bbb 14 antennal segments c Posterior tarsi normal . d Antennal segments sessile e Abdomen reddish brown, the Sth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter, the 4th palpal segment H longer than the 3d ; ovipositor 1/5 the length of the abdomen electra n. sp., C. 507 ce Abdomen bright red, the Sth antennal segment with a length 2l4 times its diameter, the 4th palpal segment a little longer than the 3d; ovipositor as long as the body, female; bred from elm buds and folded leaves ulmi Beutm., C. 1239, ai683 dd Antennal segments subsessile, with a stem J4 or J/^ the length of the basal enlargement e 3d vein uniting with costa well beyond the apex / Abdomen pale yellowish, the 5th antennal segment ' with a stem ^ the length of the basal enlargement; male (Oligotrophus) f h a 1 i c t r i Felt, C. 98 ee 3d vein uniting with costa just beyond the apex / Abdomen brownish red; ovipositor short; female s o c i a 1 i s n. sp., C. 97 ff Abdomen yellowish or fuscous yellowish; ventral plate of the male deeply and roundly emarginate distally; the female with the ovipositor as long as the body ; bred from rolled violet leaves (Diplosis) violicola Coq., C. ai346 370 -N'EW YORK STATE MUSEUM cc 2d to 4tli segments of the posterior tarsi greatly enlarged : abdo- men pale yellowish, greenish dorsally; 3d vein uniting with costa just beyond the apex; antennae dark brown, the 5th seg- ment with a stem li the length of the basal enlargement ; male 1 a t i p e s n. sp., C. 511 bbbb 15 antennal segments c Abdomen dark reddish ; antennae dark reddish brown, the 5th seg- ment with a stem H the length of the basal enlargement: male (O 1 i g o t r o p h u s) t s u g a e Felt, C. 165 aa 16 to ig antennal segments b 16 antennal segments c Antennal segments sessile, the 5th with a length 2j^ times its diameter; ovipositor yi the length of the abdomen d Abdomen reddish brown, the body slender, the lobes of the ovipositor with a length twice their width ; bred from slender willow twigs ; female caulicola n. sp., C. ai822a dd Abdomen dark brown, ihe body stout, the lobes of the ovi- positor with a length 3>< times their width ; bred from sub- globose galls on slender willow twigs t u m i d o s a e n. sp., C. 1300 cc Antennal segments with more or less of a stem d The 5th antennal segment with a stem 14 the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length twice its diameter ; abdomen yellowish brown ; 3d and 4th palpal seg- ments equal; bred from Ribes; female californica n. sp., C. 919 dd sth antennal segment with a stem 14 the length of the basal enlargement ; abdomen dark brown ; bred from slender wil- low twigs; male... caulicola n. sp., C. ai822a ddd 5th antennal segment with a stem 14 the length of the basal enlargement ; abdomen yellowish brown ; bred from Ribes ; male californica n. sp., C. 919 dddd sth antennal segment with a stem % longer than the basal enlargement ; abdomen fuscous ; bred from elm buds and folded leaves u 1 m i Beutm., C. 1239, ai683 bb ly antennal segments c sth antennal segment with a stem Y^ the length of the basal en- largement; abdomen dark brown; bred from willow; male a m e r i c a n a n. sp., C. 920 bbb 18 antennal segments c sth antennal segment with a stem ^ the length of the basal en- largement d Abdomen reddish brown; bred from wheat stems; male (C e c i d o m y i a ) d e s t r u c t o r Say, C. 771, yj2 bbbb 19 antennal segments c Abdomen reddish brown ; 5th antennal segment with a length 3 times its diameter; ovipositor 34 the length of the abdomen, the lobe with a length twice its width ; bred from wheat stems ; female (Cecidomyia) destructor Say, C. 771 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 37 1 cc Abdomen dark brown ; 5th antennal segment with a length y2 greater than its diameter; ovipositor Yz the length of the abdo- men, the lobe with a length 3 times its width ; bred from willow ; female a m c r i c a n a n. sp., C. 920 aaa 20 or more antennal segments b Antennal segments sessile c Abdomen reddish; 24 to 26 antennal segments, the 5th with a length 14 greater than its diameter; the ovipositor ^4 the length of the abdomen, the lobe with a length y^ greater than its width ; bred from apical beak gall on willow ; female (Cecidomyia, Rhabdophaga) rigidae O. S., C. a687 cc Abdomen light brown; 26 antennal segments, the 5th with a length 2j4 times its diameter ; the ovipositor Ys the length of the abdomen, the lobes with a length only 54 the width; bred from a small clustered rosette willow gall; female w a 1 s h i i n. sp., C. 774, ?924, ai8i3 ccc Abdomen reddish brown ; 24 antennal segments, the 5th with a length 2^ times its diameter; the ovipositor as long as the body, the lobe with a length 4 times its width ; bred from Celtis leaves; female c e 1 1 i p hy Hi a n. sp., C. 913, 918 bb Antennal segments with a distinct stem c Sth antennal segment with a stem yi the length of the basal enlargement d Abdomen reddish brown ; 24 antennal segments ; bred from a beak gall on willow ; male (Cecidomyia) rigidae O. S., C. a687 cc sth antenna! segment with a length 34 the basal enlargement d Abdomen dark brown; 20 antennal segments; bred from Salix stems ; male (Cecidomyia) perocculta Ckll.,- C. 1251 dd Abdomen pale yellowish ; 25 to 26 antennal segments ; bred from a small clustered rosette willow gall; male w a I s h i i n. sp., C. 774 ccc 5th antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement d Abdomen reddish brown ; 22 to 23 antennal segments ; bred from Celtis leaves ; male celtiphyllia n. sp., C. 913, 918 JANETIELLA Kicff. This genus comprises a number of forms which may be sepa- rated from OHgotrophus Latr. by the quadriarticulate palps and may be distinguished from Mayetiola Kieff. by the third vein uniting with costa well before the apex of the wing [pi. 36, fig. 4]. Key to species o 12 antennal segments b Abdomen light brown, the dorsal plate triangularly emarginate; male (OHgotrophus) tiliacea Felt, C. 83 2^J2 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM hh Abdomen fuscous yellowish, the dorsal plate deeply and broadly emarginate ; male (Oligotrophus) brevicornis Felt, C. 281 hhh Abdomen red, the ovipositor rather short ; female s a n g u i n e a n. sp., C. 17 aa 14 antennal segments b Abdomen reddish brown, the Sth antennal segment with a stem Yi the length of the basal enlargment ; male (Oligotrophus) nodosa Felt, C. 10 hh Abdomen fuscous yellowish, the sth antennal segment with a stem % the length of the basal enlargement ; male a m e r i c a n a n. sp., C. 616 aaa 15 antennal segments h Abdomen deep orange and yellowish, the 5th antennal segment of the male with a stem Yi^ the length of the basal enlargement; female with the ovipositor Yj, the length of the abdomen; bred from a fleshy leaf fold on C o m p t 0 n i a (Oligotrophus) asplenifolia Felt, C. 1103 hh Abdomen dark brown basally, reddish apically, the 5th antennal segment with a stem ^ the length of the basal enlargement (Oligotrophus) acerifolia Felt, C. 35 hhh Abdomen reddish brown ; ovipositor short ; bred from Lasioptera vitis gall brevicauda n. sp., C. 878 aaaa 16 antennal segments h Abdomen yellowish red, the sth antennal segment with a stem Yx longer than the basal enlargment ; male .■ (Oligotrophus) pini Felt, C. 87 hh Abdomen dark brown ; antennal segments sessile, ovate, the 5th with a length twice its diameter, -the ovipositor Ya the length of the abdomen b r e v i a r i a n. sp., C. ^^ ASPHONDYLrARIAE ■ This grotip comprises mostly large, heavy-bodied insects, easily recognized by the long, cylindric, sessile antennal seg- ments and the simple claws. The species breed for the most part in bttds of variotis plants. TABLE OF ASPHONDYLID GALLS Amsinckia Galls on A . 1 y c o p s o i d e s S c h i z 0 m y i a m a c r o f i 1 a , C. B55 Antennaria (everlasting) Apical bud gall A s p h o n d y 1 i a a n t e n n a r i a e , C. 870 Artemisia Galls taken at Fort Grant, Ariz A. a r t e m i s i a e , C. 861 REPORT Of THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 373 Aster Aborted head of A, patens A. monacha Atriplex Irregular, oblong gall on A. canescens A. atriplicis, C. 945 Azalea Green bud gall A. a z a le a e, C. ai48i Bumelia Galls on B. lanuginosa A. bumeliae, C. 849 Carya (hickory) Conical leaf gall Cincticornia caryae, C. 11 14 Long conic leaf gall Schiz. caryaecola, C. ai786a Ceanothus Apical bud gall on C . v e 1 u t i n u s A . c e a n o t h i , C. 872 Diervilla (bush honeysuckle) Green bud gall on D. trifida A. diervillae.C. 31469 Helenium Apical rosette gall on H . a u t u m n a 1 e A . a u t u m n a 1 i s , C. 1238 Helianthus (sunflower) Flower heads appearently unmodified on H . s t r u m 0 s u s A. h e 1 ia n t h i f 1 o r a e, C. ai7i8 Subglobular enlarged flower head A . c 0 n s p i c u a , C. ai697 Large stem gall A . g 1 o b 0 s u s , C. 856 Hydrangea Bud gall on H. arborescens A. hydra ngeae, C. 852 Ilicoides Green bud gall on I. mucronata A. ilicoides, C. 31548 Larrea Gall on L . t r i d e n t a t a A . a u r i p i 1 a , C. 85 r Opuntia or Cactus Swollen fruit A . b e t h e 1 i , C. 31776 Large swollen fruit A . a r i z o n e n s i s , C. 857 Gall undescribed A . o p u n t i a e , C. 848 374 -\K\V YORK STATE MUSEUM Quercus (oak) Reddish, oval, hard leaf gall C . p i 1 u I a e , C. 1105, 811, 814, 850. 1046 Flat leaf gall on Q . rubra C . q u e r c i f o 1 i a , C. 1043 Blister swelling on lateral leaf veins C. americana, C. aijg^ Circular blister gall on scarlet oak leaves C. serrata, C. ai/pi Rhus (sumac) Deformed llower bud on R . i n t e g r i f o 1 i a A. integrifoliae, C. 868 Rivina Bud gall on R. h u m i 1 i s S c h i z . r i v i n a e , C. 943 Salix (willow) Twig gall A. salictaria, C. 859 ? Sambucus (elder) Hoary subglobular bud gall A . s a m b u c i , C. 31511 Sicca On ripe fruit A. siccae, C. 1213 Solidago (goldenrod) Florets apparently tmmodihed on E u t h a m i a 1 a n c e o 1 a t a A . m o n a c h a , C. ai20o etc. Small rosette or large bud gall on E u t h a m i a 1 a n c e o 1 a t a A . m o n a c h a Adherent leaf gall on S . canadensis and S. serotina A . mo n a c h a Bred from undetected gall A . j o h n s o n i , C. 809 Vagnera (wild spikenard) Deformed berries of V . r a c e m o s a A . s m i 1 a c i n a e , C. 860 Vernonia Galls on V . n o v e b o r a c e n s i s A . v e r n 0 n i a e , C. 867 Viburnum Probably bud or blossom gall S c h i z . v i b u r n i , C. 1212 Vitis (grape) Woolly massed bud gall S c h i z . c o r y 1 o i d e s , C. 874 Hard, nutlike, polythalamous gall S c h i z . p o m u m , C. 314346 Oval or fusiform petiole or tendril gall ..Schiz. petiolicola, C. 31784 Unknown shrub Irregular subglobular bud gall A . f 1 o r i d a , C. 873 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 375 Key to the genera a Palpi with i to 3 segments, the terminal clasp segments of the male bidentate Asphondylia H. Lw. aa Palpi with 4 segments h Antennae with 14 segments ; male with the terminal clasp segment unidentate ; the basal clasp segment lobed disially ; female with the apical portion of the ovipositor aciculate. . . .Schizomyia Kiefif. bh Antennae with 13 or 14 segments; male with the terminal clasp segment flattened and denticulate apically ; female with the ovi- positor short, broad at base and tapering to the subacute apex Cincticornia n. g. ASPHONDYLIA H. Lw. Antennae with 14 cylindric, sessile segments,- those of the male only slightly reduced distally, with rather numerous low strongly convolute circumfili. Palpi with one to three segments. The terminal clasp segment of the male genitalia short, stout, swollen near the middle, and apically with a heavy bidentate chitinous process. The female antennae are greatly reduced distally, the 12th much shorter than the normal, the T3th with a Fig. 3S Asphondylia monacha O. S. female, much enlarged. (Original) 6lh antennal- segment of male and length scarcely greater than its diameter and the 14th subglo- bose or even reduced to a small disk, the circumfili consisting of a low band near the basal third or fourth, the branches produced on one side and fused to form a longitudinal filum Avhich unites with a low apical circumfilum. Ovipositor with a distinct taper- 376 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ing, fleshy part and a long, slender, aciculate portion. Basally there is a characteristic dorsal pouch consisting of two broadly rounded, thickly haired lobes separated mesially by a broadly- rounded emargination. Key to species 0 Palpi I segmented b Length 1.5 mm; abdomen dark reddish brown; scutellum yellowish red brevicauda Felt, C. 1040 bb Length 2.5 to 3 mm; abdomen with long, yellowish hairs; bred from gall on Larrea tridentata a u r i p i 1 a n. sp., C. 851 aa Palpi 2 segmented b Small, 3 to 4 mm long c Abdomen dark brown or black d Tibiae dark brown ; bred from brownish, fusiform Azalea buds azaleae Felt, C. ai48i e Tarsi dark brown, the posterior yellowish; bred from apparently unmodified flower heads of H e 1 i a n t h u s st'rumosus helianthiflorae n. sp., C. ai/iS dd Tibiae yellowish brown c Tarsi dark brown; bred from swollen Opuntia fruit... betheli CklL, C. ^1776 ce Tarsi yellowish fulvopedalis Felt, C. 546 cc Abdomen reddish brown ; bred from unripe fruits of Sicca distich a siccae n. sp., C. 1213 aaa Palpi 3 segmented b Small, 1.5 to 2.5 mm long c Abdomen light or reddish brown d Scutellum pale yellowish ; bred from galls on B u m e li a lanuginosa bumeliae Felt, C. 849 dd Scutellum reddish brown e P)asal abdominal segments yellowish ; bred from bud gall on unknown shrub florida n. sp., C. 873 ee Abdomen unicolorous ; bred from flower buds of Rhus i n t e g r i f o 1 i a i n t e g r i f o 1 i a e n. sp., C. 868 bb Medium sized, 3 to 4 mm long c Tarsi plainly white-banded ; bred from apical rosette gall on E u t h a m i a 1 a n c e o 1 a t a , from apparently unmodified florets of the same, and from oval galls between adherent leaves of Solidago scroti n a or S. canadensis m o n a c h a O. S.,' C. 761, 807, 812, 813, ai2oc, aiiQS, 31336, ai568a and y cc Tarsi unicolorous or nearly so d Abdomen yellowish brown e Scutellum pale yellowish ; tibiae and tarsi j-ellowish brown ; bred from deformed berries of V a g n e r a race mesa smilacinae Felt, C. 860 'A. solidaginis Beutm. and A. patens Beutm. are synonyms of this species. A. re c o n d i t a O. S. is undoubtedly the same form. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 377 ee Scutellum fuscous yellowish, basal segments of pos- terior tarsi yellowish; bred from subglobose stem galls on Helianthus g 1 o b o s u s O. S., C. 854, 856, 869 eee Scutellum fuscous orange, legs light brown ; bred from galls on unknown plant in Arizona b a r o n i n. sp., C. 865 eeee Scutellum yellowish brown f Legs yellowish brown; bred from galls on Artemisia. . artemisiae n. sp., C. 861 eeeee Scutellum dark brown // Legs dark brown; bred from woolly apical bud galls on Antennaria (A s y n a p t a) a n t e n n a r i a e Whir., C. 870 dd Abdomen reddish brown e Scutellum fuscous orange ; bred from galls on V e r - nonia noveboracensis vernoniae n. sp., C. 863, 807 ee Scutellum dark reddish brown ; bred from loose terminal bud galls on Ceanothus c e a n 0 t h i n. sp., C. 872 ddd Abdomen dark brown e Scutellum yellowish brown / 3d antennal segment with a length 6 times its diameter, posterior tarsi dark brown ; bred from bud galls on Hydrangea .hydrangeae Felt, C. 852 /■/ 3d antennal segment with a length 4 times its diameter, posterior tarsi with the basal segments yellowish ; bred from bud gall on Helenium a u t u m n a 1 i s Beutm., C. 1238, 853 ee Scutellum dark brown; abdomen white-haired; bred from twig gall on Atriplex atriplicis Ckll., C. 864, 945 eee Scutellum dark reddish ; legs black ; bred from sub- cortical stem gall on Sambucus sambuci n. sp., C. 31511 eeee Scutellum slaty gray; legs dark brown; bred from Diervilla buds diervillae Felt, C. 31469 eeeee Scutellum pruinose ; tibiae black ; bred from bud galls on Ilicoides ilicoides Felt, C. 31548 dddd Abdomen brown ; scutellum yellowish brown ; legs dark brown ; bred from Salix twigs.. s a 1 i c t a r i a Felt, C. 859 ddddd Abdomen reddish brown ; legs fuscous yellowish ; bred from Solidago j 0 h n s o n i n. sp., C. 809 hhh Large species, 5 to 6 mm long c Abdomen dsrk brown or dark reddish brown d Scutellum reddish brown ; bred from galls on Opuntia .... o p u n t i a e n. sp., C. 848, 858, 862 cc Abdomen brown; scutellum yellowish; bred from subglobular enlarged flower head of Helianthus c o n s p i c u a O. S., C. 544, 806, 808, Sio, 854, ?856, ^66, 31679, 31697 378 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ccc Abdomen yellowish brown ; scutellum fuscous yellowish ; legs yel- lowish brown; bred from fruitlike enlargement of prickly pear arizonensis Felt, C. S57 SCHIZOMYIA Kieft'. Antennae consisting of 14 cylindric, sessile or subsessile seg- ments, those of the male slightly shortened distally and each with remarkably stout, ele- vated, strongly convolute circumfili. Palpi with four segments. The basal clasp segment of the male genitalia projects well beyond the insertion of the terminal clasp segment, which latter bears apically a more or less distinct chitinous tooth. Female with the segments aistally greatly shortened as in Asphondylia, the circumfili nearly the same as in Asphon- dylia. Ovipositor with a distinct fleshy basal portion, tapering distally and bearing the char- acteristic aciculate organ of Asphondylia ; the dorsal basal pouch absent, the ventral sclerite ^ , . of the seventh segment more or less stronglv Schizomyia ^ ,_ ^ ' f iia Feit,6than- chitiuized and somewhat characteristic of this tennal segment of male, much enlarged. (Orig- crgnUS. inal) ""^ Fig. 40 Schizomyia rubi Felt, side view of abdomen, showing the long oviposito and characteristic ventral plate, enlarged. (Original) Key to species a Abdomen dark brown h Wings rather large, narrow c Scutellum reddish, sth antennal segment with a length four times its diameter, the 4th palpal segment ^ longer than the 3d, female; taken on viburnum blossoms, .v ib u r n i n. sp., C. 1212 cc Scutellum fuscous yellowish, Sth antennal segment with a length six times its diameter, the 4th palpal segment twice the length of the 3d, female; bred from long, conic leaf gall on hickory.. caryaecola n. sp., C. ai786a c\a Abdomen reddish brown h Wings small, narrow ; on lilucbcrry (Asphondylia) altifila Felt, C. 177 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 379 bb Wings small, broad ; swept from blackberry (A s ph on dy 1 i a) rubi Felt, C. 685 bbb Wings large, rather broad ; bred from Amsinckia galls (A s p h o n d y 1 i a) m a c r o f i 1 a Felt, C. 855, looi la Abdomen yellowish or light brown b Wings large, tarsi unicolorous or nearly so c 5th antennal segment with a length six times its diameter, the 4th palpal segment with a length H greater than the 3d, female ; bred from apical leaf bud gall on grape coryloides Walsh & Riley, C. 874 cc 5th antennal segment with a length five times its diameter, 4th palpal segment with a length ^ greater than the 3d, male; bred from hard, nutlike, polythalamous gall on grape pomum Walsh & Riley, 31434!) bb Wings small, broad yellow banded c Posterior tarsi rather broadly yellow banded; 5th antennal seg- ment with a length six times its diameter, the 4th palpal segment % longer than the 3d, female; bred from bud galls on Rivina humilis rivinae n. sp,, C. 943 cc Posterior tarsi black ; 5th antennal segment with a length four and five times the diameter, the 4th palpal segment i^ and i^ the length of the 3d in the male and female respectively; bred from oval or fusiform tendril or petiole galls on Vitis bicolor. . petiolicola n. sp., C. ai784 CINCTICORNIA n. g. Antennae consisting of 13 or 14 segments, only slightly short- ened distally and in some species there is more or less fusion betw^een the I3tb and 14th; cir- cumfili in the male transverse, usually numer- %<§^^^^^':}^'F*''&, '^^^' distinct and anastomosing, ranging in num- S??i^'^^?'5^*'S bers from 6 to 15 to each segment. Palpi with four segments. Genitalia with the terminal clasp segment short, stout, the distal margin f. .,., flattened, heavily chitinized and finelv den- V '-' . /''isl. ^^^^* Female with the antennae very simi- lar to those of the male, except that there are three to five or six transverse, anasto- mosing circumfili, the latter forming a more or less irregular network on the face of ^'tr1i^n^ve"r''sl'Feit "eth ^^^ Segment; a scattering subbasal whorl maie""much'^Srged^ ^f short, stout sctac and a few stout (Original) setae near the distal third may occur in some species. .Ovipositor stout, broad at the base and tapering to a subacute apex bearing a pair of indistinct terminal lobes, and 380 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM with the ventral portion of the ovipositor more or less chitinized. The characteristic acicnlate organ of Asphondylia and Schizomyia is wanting. Certain species of this genus agree with Kieffer's published diagnosis of Polystepha. Asphondylia transversa Felt is the tpye. Specimens of C. m u 1 1 i f i 1 a Felt were submitted to this well known European, authority who pronounced it a representative of a new genus, consequently the above name is proposed. Key to species a Abdomen dark brown b Wings small, rather broad c Scutellum reddish brown; antenna! segments with 10 to 12 cir- cumfili ; male, habits tmknown (Asphondylia) transversa Felt, C. 53 cc Sculellum dark reddish, 5th antcnnal segment with 4 coarsely reticulate circumfili, length 2 nun, female ; bred from slight blister swelling on lateral veins of red oak leaves a m e r i c a n a n. sp., ai792 ccc Scutellum fuscous yellowish : antennal segments with 9 to 10 cir- cumfili ; male, bred from warty, reddish brown leaf gall on oak leaf (C e c i d o m y i a) . pilulae Walsh, C. 811, 814, 850, 1046, 1105 bb Wings small, broad; scutellum reddish brown; antennal segments with 6 to 7 circumfili ; male, habits unknown (Asphondylia) m u 1 t i f i 1 a Felt, C. 95, 99, loo bbb Wings small, narrow, abdomen dark brown, 5th antennal segment with 8 circumfili, length 2 mm, male ; bred from circular, blister gall on scarlet oak leaves s e r r a t a n. sp., ai79l bbbb Wings rather large, somewhat broad ; scutellum purplish brown ; 3d antennal segment with a length 2^^ times its diameter; female, habits unknown canadensis n. sp., C. 1042 aa Abdomen reddish brown b Wings small, narrow c Scutellum yellowish; antennae with 13 segments, each with 10 circumfili; male, bred from conical gall on hickory leaf c a r y a e n. sp., C. 1114 bb Wings large, rather broad c Scutellum yellowish; antennal segments with 10 to 15 circumfili; male, bred from a flat, relatively inconspicuous gall on Q u e r - cus rubra leaves quercifolia n. sp., C. 1043 cc Scutellum yellowish brown ; 3d antennal segments with a length twice its diameter ; female, bred from a flat, relatively incon- spicuous gall on Quercus rubra leave? quercifolia n. sp., C. 1043 ccc Scutellum reddish yellow ; antennal segments with 3 to 4 cir- cumfili; male (Asphondylia) sobrina Felt, C. 1108 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 38 1 acta Abdomen dull red; wings small, narrow; scutellum reddish yellow; 3d antennal segment with a length 2^/^ times its diameter; female, bred from warty, reddish brown leaf gall on oak leaf (Cecidomyia) pilulae Walsh, C. 811, 814, 850, 1046, 1105 oaaa Abdomen yellowish b Abdomen yellowish brown; wings small, broad; antennal segments with 6 to 7 circumfili ; male, swept from sumac (O 1 i g o t r o p h u s) r h o i n a Felt, C. 94 ■ bb Abdomen pale yellow, wings rather small, medium width, 5th an- tennal segment with 7 circumfili, finely reticulate, length 2.5 mm, male; bred from slight blister swelling on lateral veins of red oak leaves a m e r ic a n a n. sp., 31792 bbb Abdomen pale orange; wangs large, narrow; scutellum pale yel- lowish; 3d antennal segment with a length 3^/^ times its diameter; female (Asphondylia) sobrina Felt, C. Iic8 bbbb Abdomen reddish yellow; wings large, broad; scutellum fuscous yellowish ; 3d antennal segment with a length 2y2 times its diameter ; female c o n n e c t a n. sp., C. 822 DIPLOSARIAE The members of this tribe are easily distinguished by the long, slender, thickly haired, 14 segmented antennae, the flagellate segment being binodose and usually provided with tv/o or three circumfili. The palpi vary from uniarticulate in a European form, to quadri- articulate. The third vein may unite with the margin well before the apex, as in Arthrocnodax, or at or well beyond, as in some other species. The claws are simple or toothed. This group presents some exceedingly interesting variations, not only in antennal but also in genitalic structures, the latter presenting extreme diversity. Owing to time limitations it has not been possible up to the present to prepare keys for the separation of the females. The members of this group appear to live largely in the more lender, leafy or bud tissues, though a considerable number are in- quilines. while a few live upon fungus or are zoophagous. HOSTS, HOST PLANTS AND GALLS OF THE DIPLOSARIAE Agrimonia (agrimony) Bred from florets C o n t a r i n i a a g r i m o n i a e , C. 31696 Amelanchier (shadbush) Bred from truncate leaf gall. . . .H 0 r m o m y i a canadensis, C. 31758 Apis (bee) Bred from hive debris Arthrocnodax apiphila, C. ai77S 382 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Apocynum (dogbane) Bred from flowers Lestodiplosis apocyni florae, C. a 1684 " " C e c i d o m y i a apocyni, C. a 1684a Asclepias (milkweed) • Bred from rolled leaf Lestodiplosis asclepiae, C. aisSS Aspidiotus (A. uvae) Bred from insect Dentifibula cocci, C. 1018 Avena (oat) Reared from cage w'ith aphid infested seedlings; probably predaccous Coquillettomyia texana, C. ai728 Carya (hickory) Bred from melon-shaped leaf gall. .H o rm o m y i a thompsoni, C. iii6a " globular leaf gall Hormomyia caryae, C. i I04y " smooth, subglobular leaf gall Hormomyia arcuaria, C. 1104Z " hairy, subglobular leaf gall Hormomyia holotricha, C. nil " hairy, globose leaf gall M y c o d i p 1 0 s i s holotricha, C. 1104a " globose leaf gall C 1 i n o d i p 1 o s i s caryae, C. 11 17 " tubular leaf gall Hormomyia tubicola, C. 1106 Catalpa Bred from dwarfed shoots Cecidomyia catalpae, C. ai8o4 Cattleya gigas Bred from' roots Clinodiplosis cattleyae, C. 979 Clematis (virgin's bower) Bred from irregular, subglobular gall Contarinia clematidis, C. a 1 659b " flowers ....Lestodiplosis clematiflorae, C. ai694b Corylus (hazel) Bred from hairy leaf fold. ..Mycodiplosis corylifolia, C. ai543b Crataegus (thorn) " Bred from thorn leaf Lestodiplosis florida, C. 986 " cockcomb leaf gall. . .H o r m o my i a crataegifolia, ai362 " cylindric fimbriate leaf gall Lestodiplosis crataegifolia, C. aisss Eupatorium ageratcides (white snake root) Bred from pustulate leaf and stem galls ■ Lestodiplosis eupatorii, C. a 1280 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 383 Eupatorium perfoliatum (boiieset) Bred from florets C o 11 1 a r i n i a p e r f o 1 i a t a , C. ai689 Fraxinus (ash) Bred from rolled leaves. ...Lestodiplosis fraxini folia, C. 31572 Gossypium (cotton) Bred C 0 n t a r i n i a g o s s y p i i , C. 1331 Liriodendron (tulip) Bred from purplish blister gall on leaf Contarinia liriodendri Melo (melon) Bred from curled melon tips Contarinia setigera probably from aphids or Cecidomyiids on curled tips A p h i d o 1 e t e s c u c u m e r i s Mentha (mint) Bred from pustulate gall G i a r d o m y i a m e n t h a e , C. ai578b Negundo (box elder) Bred from leaves Contarinia n e g u n d i f o 1 i a , C. 967 Oecidium impatientis Bred from this fungus AI y c o d i p 1 o s i s impatientis, C. al542 Phylloxera vastatrix Bred from Phylloxera galls Lestodiplosis g r a s s a t o r , C. 962 Pinus (pine) Bred from resin masses C e c i d o m y i a r e s i n i c o 1 a. C. ai85 Platanus (plane tree) Bred from leaves Lestodiplosis p 1 a t a n i f o 1 i a , C. ai669a Populus (poplar) Bred from subglobular leaf gall. ...Dichrodiplosis populi. C. ai743 " subglobular leaf gall Mycodiplosis populi folia, C. 31514 rolled edge of leaf Lestodiplosis populifolia, C. 31490 " subglobular leaf gall. .Le s t o d ip lo s i s globosus, C. 31656 Prunus cerasus (cherry) Bred from deformed fruit Contarinia v i r g i n i a n i a e , C. 769 '' fusiform twig gall Lestodiplosis cerasi, C. ai593a folded, thickened leaves ^Mycodiplosis cerasifolia, C. ai57i 384 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Pyrus (pear) Bred from deformed fruit C o n t a r i n i a p y r i v o r a , C. 750 Quercus (oak) Bred from folded leaf edge. C e c i d o m y i a f o 1 i o r a , C. 1339 Probably bred from oak leaves ..Dichrodiplosis que rein a, C. 1006 Bred from ? leaf C o n t a r i n i a q u e r c i f o 1 i a , C. 1015 Rhus (sumac) Bred from heads of curled leaves. .A r t h r o c n o d a x r h o i n a , C. ai72ob Rumex (dock) Bred from deformed seeds Contarinia rumicis, C. 31595 Sambucus (elder) Bred from rolled leaves. . . A r t h r o c n o d a x s a m b u c i f 0 1 i a , C. 31723 Scrophularia (figwort) Bred from distorted flower buds Lestodip.losis scrophulariae, C. 31569 Siphonophora liriodendri Predaceous on aphid A p h i d o 1 e t e s m e r i d i o n a 1 i s , C. 1005 Solidago (goldenrod) Bred from elongate, brown leaf spot Lestodiplosis solidaginis, C. 31655 Bred Lestodiplosis triangularis, C. 763 Sorghum Bred from seeds Contarinia s 0 r g h i c o 1 a . C. 972 Spiraea (meadowsweet) Bred from terminal bud gall H o r m o m y i a c 1 a r k e i , C. 31759a " flowers C e c i d o m y i a s p i r a e a f 1 o r a e , C. ai68ib " unopened flowers Prodiplosis floricola, C. ai68l Tanacetum (tansy) Bred probably from aphids Aphidoletes basalis, C. 31722 Taxodium (cypress) Bred from fusiform twig gall Contarinia a n a n a s s i , C. 926 Tecomia (trumpet vine) Bred from err led leaves C e c i d o m y i a t e c o m i a e , C 1260 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 385 Tetranycbus (red spider) From red spider on citrus trees ...Mycodiplosis acarivora, C. 8J.7 Triticum (wheat) Bred from wheat heads Cecidomyia tritici Verbena Bred from rolled leaves Cecidomyia urtifolia, C. ai577 " " Lestodiplosisverbenifolia, C. ai577a Yucca angustifolia Bred from pods Lestodiplosis yuccae, C. 1017 Key to genera a Mesonotum usually greatly produced over the head; 14-26 segments; usually heavy species Hormomyia H. Lw. aa Mesonotum not greatly produced over the head ; only 14 segments ; usually slender species b Male with the two nodes of the antennal segments nearly equal, only two circumfili to a segment ; claws simple c Basal clasp segment with a conspicuous triangular process apic- ally Dentifibula n. g. (Type Cecidomyia viburni Felt) cc Basal clasp segment with no process apically d Wings with the posterior area greatly produced, broadly rounded [pi. 38. fig- 3. 4] Lobopteromyia n. g. (Type C. f i 1 i c i s Felt) dd Wings normal, usually with a length twice the width [pi. s7, fig- 6] Contarinia Rond. bb Male with the two nodes of the antennal segments subequal, three cir- cumfili, usually well developed, to each segment c Claws toothed d All claws toothed Dichrodiplosis Kieff. dd Anterior claws toothed, posterior simple e Circumfili very uneven, the ventral loops greatly produced / The middle circumfili rudimentary, apparently but two circum- fili Bremia Rond. // Three well developed circumfili Aphidoletes Kieff. ee Circumfili even or nearly so / Basal clasp segment lobed g Lobe apical, thte terminal clasp segment subapical Lobodiplosis n. g. (Type Mycodiplosis acerina Felt) gg Lobe basal, setose Coquillcttomyia n. g. (Type Mycodiplosis lobata Felt) // Basal clasp segment not distinctly lobed g Terminal clasp segment subfusiform, greatly dilated Karshomyia n. g. (Type Mycodiplosis viburni Felt) 13 386 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM gg Terminal clasp segment slender, distinctly longer than the basal clasp segment Youngomyia n. g. (Type Dichrodiplosis podophyllae Felt) ggg Terminal clasp segment normal, not as above Alycodiplosis Rubs. cc Claws simple d Distal flagellate antennal segments cylindric, stemmed, not binodose Prodiplosis n. g. (Type Cecidomyia floricola Felt) dd All flagellate segments binodose at least c Third vein uniting with costa well before the apex Arthrocnodax Rubs. ce Third vein uniting with costa at or beyond the apex of the wing /" Palpi triarticulate g Ventral plate or harpes conical, serrate. .Odontodiplosis n. g. (Type Cecidomyia karnerensis Felt) gg Ventral plate not serrate; basal clasp segment stout Adiplosis n. g. (Type Cecidomyia toxicodendri Felt) // Palpi quadriarticulate g Claws bent at right angles or nearly so h Ventral plate deeply and roundly emarginate, the dorsal plate dilated, the lateral angles being strongly produced.. Hyperdiplosis n. g. (Type Cecidomyia lobata Felt) hh Ventral plate very long, slender, roundly emarginate, the dorsal plate not greatly dilated Giardomyia n. g. (Type Cecidomyia photophila Felt) gg Claws not bent at right angles h Basal clasp segment conspicuously lobed or spined i Basal clasp segment with one or more heavy, chitinous spines apically Metadiplosis n. g. (Type M . s p i n o. s a n. sp.) it Basal clasp segment with a long, setose process apically Epidiplosis n. g. (Type E. s a y i n. sp.) Hi Basal clasp segment with a triangular lobe basally; ven- tral plate scarcely longer than broad.. Lestodiplosis Kieff. hh Basal clasp segment without conspicuous lobes or spines i Dorsal and ventral plates short, broad, triangularly emarginate; terminal clasp segment short, stout, the apex broad, serrate Paradiplosis n. g. (Type Cecidomyia obesa Felt) ii Not as above y Dorsal plate divided, the lobes greatly produced and broadly rounded laterally Obolodiplosis n. g. (Type Cecidomyia orbiculata Felt) /;■ Not as above k Ventral plate long, linear, narrowly rounded apically Clinodiplosis Kief¥. kk Ventral plate not as above Cecidomyia Meig. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ 387 breed exclusively in hickory HORMOMYIA H. Lw. The species included in this genus at the present time rep- resent two rather distinct types. The more typical form is large and heavy-bodied, with the mesonotum greatly producec over the head. The wings are long, nar- row, and the males of this division have 14-26 binodose antennal segments, the circumfili being short, the loops rarely having a length greater than the dis- tance separating the stems. Another type provisionally referred to this genus, is most easily recognized by the short wings, broadly rounded posteriorly and having a width about }i the length. These species are rather small and the males have the short, stout circumfili charac- teristic of the larger forms. American representatives of these smaller forms, so ^'e- 1^ " ° p"?." "\r ""» ^ ""i ^ ' eric ana Felt, 1 2th antennal far as known, leaf galls. Key to species a Wings long, usually with a length more than twice the width [pi. 37, fig- 2] b Antennae composed of more than 20 segments c Palpi uniarticulate d Antennae with 25 segments; abdomen yellowish, male a m e r i c a n a Felt, C. 91 cc Palpi biarticulate d Antennae with 27 segments ; abdomen yellowish, with the 5th, 6th and 7th segments dull orange; ventral plate long, broad, broadly rounded distally, male, .p a 1 u s t r i s Felt, C. 1205 dd Antennae with 26 segments ; abdomen uniformly fuscous yel- lowish ; ventral plate long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate, male needhami Felt, C. 788 bb Antennae with less than 20 segments c Antennae composed of 18 segments d Abdomen dark brown, the 3d and 4th segments margined posteriorly with yellow; palpi biarticulate, female at 1 an ti c a n. sp., C. 815 cc Antennae composed of 15 segments d Abdomen dark brown, the 8th segment mostly yellowish; palpi biarticulate; ventral plate long, spatulate, truncate apically, male consobrina n. sp., C. 1204 ccc Antennae composed of 14 segments segment of male, much larged. (Original) 38« NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM d Palpi biarticulate e Abdomen dark reddish brown; the 2d palpal segment not 3 times the length of the ist; ventral plate long, broad, roundly and slightly emarginate, male; bred from truncate gall on Amelanchier canadensis n. sp., ai758 ee Abdomen dark reddish; the 2d palpal segment 3 times the length of the ist, female; bred from a terminal bud gall on Spiraea clarkei n. sp., aiysga dd Palpi triarticulate e Abdomen shiny black; ventral plate spatulate, truncate dorsally, male j o h n s 0 n i Felt, C. 821 ee Abdomen dark red; ventral plate short, broad, broadly emarginate, male ; bred from cockscomb gall on Cra- taegus leaves crataegifolia Felt, ai362 aa Wings broad, broadly rounded posteriorly, the vi^idth about ^3 the length [pi. S7, fig. 5]. Palpi tri or quadriarticulate b Palpi triarticulate c Abdomen dark salmon or deep red ; 5th antennal segment with a broad, smooth area and slightly constricted near the basal 3d; 3 circumfili, the loops heavy, rather short, broad ; ventral plate roundly emarginate, male; bred from tubular gall on oak leaves (C ec i d omy i a) t ubi c o 1 a O. S., C. 1106, 31450 cc Abdomen light yellowish; 5th antennal segment cylindric, taper- ing at both extremities, with 3 circumfili, the loops heavy, rather short', broad, male ; bred from melon-shaped, with de- pressed center, hickory leaf gall, .thompsoni n. sp., C. Iii6a bb palpi quadriarticulate c Abdomen fuscous or deep carmine; Sth antennal segment having the basal stem with a length j4 its diameter, the distal stem with a length J/2 its diameter, the basal enlargement slightly produced, with a length twice its diameter and tapering at both extremities ; circumfili indistinct, short, the loops with a length about equal to the distance separating their insertions; dorsal plate broadly and roundly emarginate (Ceci d o my i a) ca r y a e O. S., C. Ii04y cc Abdomen orange or deep carmine; sth antennal segment with the basal portion of tlie stem hardly apparent', the distal part very short, the basal enlargement subcylindric, with a length about ^ its diameter, the distal enlargement cylindric, with a length 3^2 greater than its diameter; circumfili heavy, the loops thick, the basal loops reaching to the insertion of the 2d circumfilum, the loops of the distal circumfilum to the base of the following segment; dorsal plate nearly truncate, very slightly and broadly emarginate; bred from smooth subglobular, nippled gall on hickory a r c u a r i a n. sp., C. 1 1042 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 389 ccc Abdomen pale yellowish; 5th antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length equal to its diameter, the distal part with a length }i its diameter, the distal enlarge- ment oval with a length H greater than its diameter; cir- cumfili very faint, probably 3; dorsal plate deeply and narrowly emarginate; bred from a iubglobular, densely haired hickory leaf gall....(Cecidomyia) holotricha O. S., C. iiii DENTIFIBITLA n. g. This group comprises a number of forms easily separated from the more typical species referred to Contarinia, by the conspicuous, triangular apical process on the basal clasp seg- ment, the terminal clasp segment is therefore subapical. All of the species are small pale yellowish forms. The wing is represented on plate 38, figure i. Key to species a Distal portion of the stem of the 5th antennal segment rather short, with a length about 4 times its diameter; the 5th tarsal segment on the anterior legs longer than the 4th b Entire insect yellowish with the exception of a dark spot on the dorsal part of the abdomen; wing hairs curved; antennal setae rather fine, circumfili long. Taken on hickory, .c a r y a e Felt, 332b bb Mesonotum yellowish brown, the remainder of the insect light yel- lowish; wing hairs nearly straight; antennal setae coarse; cir- cumfili rather short. Bred from Aspidiotus uvae c oc ci n. sp., C. 1018 aa Distal portion of antennal stem of the 5th segment long, with a length about 5 times the diameter; 5th tarsal segment of anterior legs as long as the 4th b Entire insect a pale yellowish orange. Taken on Viburnum v i b u r n i Felt, C. 210, 591 LOBOPTEmOMYIA n. g. This genus comprises a number of very distinct forms easily separable from Contarinia, to which they are closely related, by the broad wings. These organs have a conspicuous, broadly rounded extension posteriorly, making the width about % the length [pi. 38, fig. 3, 4]. The antennae are also peculiar in that the basal portion of the stem on the flagellate segments rarely has a length equal to its diameter. The enlargements are relatively large, subglobose, and the circumfili rather short, stout and uniform. Key to species a Abdomen yellowish b Basal portion of the stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length about y2 its diameter 390 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM c Mesonotum yellowish and slaty brown ; the distal portion of the stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length 2j,4 times its diameter, slightly expanded apically ; the basal clasp segment stout, tapering slightly. Taken on fern f i 1 i c i s Felt, C. 20, ?23 cc Mesonotum sooty yellow; the distal portion of the stem of the Sth antennal segment with a length Yz greater than its diameter, slightly expanded apically; basal clasp segment stout, broadly rounded apically. Taken on basswood, Tilia a p i c a 1 i s n. sp., C. 52 ccc Mesonotum dark brown ; the distal portion of the stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter, greatly ex- panded distally ; the basal clasp segment short, broad, tapering strongly. Taken on skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus f o e t e d i n. sp., C. 24, 28 bb The basal portion of the stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length 1/2 greater than its diameter c Mesonotum reddish brown ; the distal portion of the stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length 3 times its diameter ; the br.sal clasp segment short, stout and tapering strongly. Taken on skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus symplocarpi n. sp., C. 23 aa Abdomen yellowish red b Mesonotum dark brown ; the basal portion of the stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length only ^^ its diameter ; the basal clasp segment short, stout and roundly tapering distally. Taken on fern consobrina Felt, C. 61 aaa Abdomen light brown ; the basal portion of the stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length yi its diameter b Mesonotum dark brown ; basal clasp segment very short, stout and roundly tapering apically. Taken on basswood. .t i 1 i a e Felt, C. 25 bb Mesonotum light brown ; the basal clasp segment very short and stout. Taken on sedge c a r i c i s n. sp., C. 19 aaaa Abdomen reddish brown b Mesonotum yellowish brown; the basal portion of the stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length lA its diameter ; the basal clasp seg- ment short, stout and narrowly rounded apically. Swept from pine abdominalis n. sp., C. 16 CONTARINIA Roild. This genus, as at present limited, may be recognized by the nearly equal nodes of the male antennae each with but one circumfilum. The wing-s are rather long and narrow, the length usually being twice that of the width [pi. 2)7, fig"- 6]. The claws are simple and the basal clasp segment of the male lacking the conspicuous sub- triangular apical process so characteristic of Dentifibula. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 391 Fig. 43 Contarinia pyri larged. (Original) Riley, 5th antennal segment of male, much en- Key to species a Small yellowish species with very few or no fuscous markings b The 5th antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length twice its diameter c Mesonoumi yellowish brown, the dorsal plate with lobes broad, broadly rounded and sparselv setose apically trifolii Felt, C. 108 cc Alesonotum reddish brown, dorsal plate with lobes long, nar- rowly rounded and thickly setose apically. Bred from E u p a - t o r i u m p e r f o 1 i a t u m p e r f o 1 i a t a n. sp., 31689 bb The 5th antennal segment with the basal portion of the stem with a length at least 3 times its diameter c Mesonotum and abdomen pale yellowish, the distal segments of the latter variably clouded with fuscous ; antennae ^ longer than the body; the 5th antennal segment having the basal part of the stem with a length 3 times its diameter; terminal clasp segment short, irregularly expanded and convolute, the apex strongly recurved e r r a t i c a n. sp., C. 1021 cc Mesonotum dark brown ; wings long, narrow ; antennae twice the length of the body; the 5th antennal segment with a length 4 times its diameter ; setae and circumfili slightly produced ven- trally. Bred from oak quercifolia n. sp., C. 1015 aa Species usually larger and with more color b Abdomen yellowish or yellowish red c Mesonotum sooty yellow 392 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM d Abdomen fuscous yellowish, sparsely haired, the 5th antennal segment having the basal part of the stem with a length twice its diameter, the distal portion with a length 4 times its diameter; the 4th palpal segment J 2 longer than the 3d flavolinea n. sp., C. 231 cc Mesonotnm reddish brown d Abdomen yellowish brown, the 5th antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem >^ longer than its diameter, the distal part a little over twice its diameter ; the 4th palpal segment a little longer than the 3d. Bred from deformed cherry virgin ianiae Felt, C. 769 ccc Mesonotum dark brown d Abdomen fuscous greenish white or yellowish e 5th antennal segment with the basal portion of the stem with a length equal to its diameter, the distal part with a length 2>^ times its diameter; the 4th palpal segment a little longer than the 3d. Bred from Agrimonia agrimoniae Felt, a 1696 ee 5th antennal segment with the basal portion of the stem with a length 2^ times its diameter, the distal part with a length 4 times its diameter; the 4th palpal seg- ment with a length ^ greater than the 3d. Bred from cotton gossypii Felt, C. 1331 dd Abdomen pale yellowish, the segments narrowly margined posteriorly with fuscous yellow ; the 2 parts of the stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length ]^ greater than the diameter; the 4th palpal segment more than twice the length of the 3d. Bred from Rumex rumicis H. Lw., 31595 ddd Abdomen fuscous yellowish ; the 5th antennal segment with the basal portion of the stem with a length J/^ greater than its diameter, the distal part with a length 2J/2 times its diameter; the 4th palpal segment ^ longer than the 3d divaricata n. sp., C. 350 dddd Abdomen pale salmon, the 5lh antennal segment with the basal portion of the stem with a length twice its diameter, the distal portion with a length 2^ times its diameter; the 4th palpal segment tv/ice the length of the 3d. Taken on Sambucus s a m b u c i f o 1 i a Felt, C. 153 ddddd Abdomen greenish yellow ; the 5th antennal segment with the basal portion of the stem 2^ times its diameter, the distal portion 3 times its diameter ; the 3d and 4th palpal seg- ments equal v i r i d i f 1 a v a n. sp., C. 606 bb Abdomen reddish or reddish brown c The 5th antennal segment witli the basal portion of the stem J/^ its diameter, the distal portion with a length Y^ greater than its diameter; the 4th palpal segment twice the length of the 3d; the dt;rsal plate triangularly incised. Bred from Taxodium a n a n a s s i Riley, C. 926 cc 5tli antennal segment willi the basal portion of the stem with a length ■}4 its diameter REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 393 d Sth antennal segment with the distal portion of the stem J^ longer than its diameter; the 4th palpal segment y^ longer than the 3d; the dorsal plate triangularly incised hudsonici n. sp., C. 3 dd Sth antennal segment having the distal portion of the stem with a length twice its diameter; the 4th palpal segment about the length of the 3d. Bred from a purplish blister gall on Tulip 1 i r i 0 d e n d r i O. S. ccc The 5th antennal segment with the distal portion of the stem as long as its diameter d The sth antennal segment with the distal portion of the stem ^ longer than its diameter; the 4th palpal segment twice the length of the 3d; the dorsal plate truncate, nar- rowly incised t run cat a n. sp., C. 1202, 1203 dd The Sth antennal segment with the distal portion of the stem with a length 3 times its diameter; the 3d and 4th palpal segments equal; the dorsal plate triangularly and broadly emarginate. Bred from Clematis clematidis n. sp., ai6S9b cccc The sth antennal segment with the basal portion of the stem with a length % greater than its diameter ; the 4th palpal segment a little longer than the 3d; the dorsal plate triangularly emar- ginate viatica n. sp., C. 105a ccccc The Sth antennal segment with the basal portion of the stem having a length ^ greater than its diameter d The Sth antennal segment with the distal portion of the stem with a length equal to that of its diameter ; the dorsal plate broadly and triangularly emarginate. Bred from sorghum seeds sorghicola Coq., C. 972 dd The 5th antennal segment of the distal portion of the stem with a length 3^ times its diameter; the 4th palpal seg- ment 1/2 longer than the 3d; the dorsal plate triangularly incised a m p e 1 o p h i 1 a Felt, C. 9 cccccc The Sth antennal segment with the 2 portions of the stem with a length 2^ times the diameter; the 4th palpal segment ]4 longer than the 3d; the dorsal plate triangularly incised balsamifera Felt, C. 143, 144, 169, 173, 174 bbb Abdomen brown or dark brown c Abdomen light brown d Wings unicolorous ; the 5th antennal segment with the 2 portions of the stem each with a length about 2^/2 times its diameter; the circumfili long, slender, numerous; the 3d and 4th palpal segments equal. Bred from pear, Pyrus. . pyrivora Riley, C. 790, 9S9> 961, 997 dd Wings spotted vvith fuscous, the Sth antennal segment hav- ing the basal portion of the stem with a length ^ greater than its diameter, the distal part with a length 3 times its diameter; the circumfili with loops rather long and sparse and the 4th palpal segment a little longer than the 3d.... maculosa n. sp., C. S99 394 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUAI cc Abdomen dark brown or brownish black d The Sth antennal segment with the basal portion of the stem having a length equal to its diameter, the distal portion of the stem with a length 3 times its diameter ; the 4th palpal segment yj longer than the 3d. Bred from Negundo ' n e g u n d i f o 1 i a n. sp., C. 967 dd The 5th antennal segment with the 2 portions of the stem having a length 14 greater than the diameter; the 4th palpal segment J-< longer than the 3d. Bred from melon tip s e t i g e r a Lintn. ddd The 5th antennal segment with the 2 parts of the stem having a length 2]^ times greater than the diameter ; the 4th palpal segment twice the length of the preceding. Probably bred from Fraxinus canadensis n. sp., C. 1027 DICHR0DIPL0SI8 Kicff. A few somewhat diverse species have been referred to this genus because the^ have all the claws unidentate. It is probable that several forms at least are not cogeneric with the type of the above named genus. Key to species a Abdomen fuscous yellowish, length 1.25 mm; fifth antennal segment having the stems with a length 3^ and 4^ times their diameters; palpi quadri- articulate ; bred from a subglobular leaf gall on poplar p o p u 1 i n. sp., C. ai743 (7a Abdomen reddish brown b Fifth antennal segment having the stems with a length 2 and 3!>^ times their diameters ; length 1.5 mm. ...androgynes n. sp., C. 6 bb Fifth antennal segment having the stems very short, the basal stem with a length only about 1,4 its diameter c Antennal swellings elongate, coalescing; length 1.5 mm; probably bred from oak leaves (C e c i d o m y i a) q u e r c i n a Felt, C. 1006 cc Antennal swellings stout, well separated, length 1.5 mm. (C e c i d o ni y i a) m u 1 t i f i 1 a Felt, C. 1024 BREMiA Rond. This genus, like Aphidoletes, has the antennal setae and hairs greatly prolonged on the dorsal face. The male may be distin- guished from all other Cecidomyiidae known to tts by the low rudimentary circumfilum occurring on the base of the distal en- largement of the antennal segments [fig. 44]. The pulvilli are very short or rudimentary, the anterior claws only being uniden- ' Possibly the same as C ec i d o m yi a negundinis Gill. REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 395 tatc. The wing is illustrated on plate 37, figure 3. The ventral plate in the male tapers distall}- i)resenting a very different appear- Fig. 44 B Jr e m i a filicis Felt, sth antennal segment of male, much enlarged. (Origi- ._ nal) ance from that obtaining in Aphidoletes. ^Members of this genus are said by Kieft'er to be xylophagous. Key to species Key to species a Abdomen yellowish brown, the segments margined posteriorly with pale fuscous, antennal segments with the distal portion of the stem markedly longer than the basal portion podophyllae Felt, C. 352 aa Abdomen fuscous, clothed with long hairs, antennal segments with the 2 portions of the stem nearly equal filicis Felt, C. 397 aa Abdomen dark fuscous yellow, the terminal segments pale orange, the 2 portions of the stem nearly equal, the length fully 3 times the diameter c a r i c i s n. sp., C. 292 39<3 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM APHIDOLETES Kicff. Aphidoletes and Bremia are peculiar in that the setae and circumfili of the male antennae are greatly produced on the dorsal face. This genus is easily separated from Bremia by the three well developed circumfili [fig. 45] ; and by the pulvilli being long, usually over one half the length of the claw. The Fig. 45- Aphidoletes hamamelidis Felt, 5th antennal segment of male, much enlarged. (Original) ventral plate in the male is expanded distally and the anterior and midclaws are strongly unidentate; the posterior claws are simple. The wing is shown on plate 37, figure 4. All of the species of Aphidoletes presumably live at the ex- pense of aphids or plant lice. Key to species a Legs very slender with a length 2^ or 3 times that of the body; tibiae distinctly though slightly swollen apically REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 397 b Posterior tibia as long as the femora, the 2d tarsal segment longer than tibia; body fuscous, the alxlomen thickly clothed with pale hairs (B r e m i a) h a m a m e 1 i d i s Felt, C. 401 bb Posterior tibia shorter than the femora c Abdomen dark brown; scutellum reddish l)rown m a r g i n a t a n. sp., C. 1224 cc Abdomen reddish brown ; scutellum light brown f u 1 V a n. sp., C. 530 ccc Abdomen reddish brown; scutellum light yellow recurvata n. sp., C. 825 aa Legs rather stout, with a length rarely twice that of the body; tibiae not distinctly swollen apically h Posterior tibia nearly as long as the femora c 2d tarsal segment of posterior legs longer than the tibia. Abdo- men reddish brown ; scutellum pale yellowish brown, legs yel- lowish brown m e r i d i o n a 1 i s n. sp., C. 1005 cc 2d tarsal segment of posterior legs almost as long as tibia; abdo- men grayish, thickly haired; scutellum yellowish; legs light brown (D i p 1 o s i s , B r e m i a) c u c u m e r i s Lintn. bb Posterior tibia ^^ the length of femora c 2d tarsal segment of posterior legs longer than tibia and ist tarsal segment d Abdomen pale reddish orange; scutellum yellowish basally. red apically; legs fuscous yellow flavida n. sp., C. 666 (/d Abdomen fuscous yellow; scutellum light fuscous yellow; legs light brown borealis n. sp., aii6o cc 2d tarsal segment of posterior legs as long as tibia and the ist tarsal segment d 3d tarsal segment of posterior legs ^ the length of the 2d. Abdomen dark reddish brown; scutellum reddish orange... marina n. sp., C. 581 dd 3d tarsal segment of posterior legs more than y^ length of 2d segment. Abdomen yellowish brown, the basal segment fuscous brown, scutellum yellowish red b a s a 1 i s n. sp., ai722 LOBODIPLOSIS n. g. This genus is erected for certain small, orange or yellowish orange species having the anterior claws unidentate and the third vein unit- ing with costa well beyond the apex [pi. 38, fig. 8]. The palpi are quadriarticulate and the basal clasp segment lobed, the terminal clasp segraent being slender and subapical [pi. 40]. The harpes are strongly curved and heavily chitinized. The wings are illustrated on plate 38, figures 3, 4. Type, Mycodiplosis acerina Felt. Nothing is known concerning the life history of members of this genus, though it would not be surprising if they, like the allied My- 39? ^■■•"^v ^'('RK state muskum cocliplosids, breed largely in fungi. The type species is evidently widely distributed and persists through a considerable part of the growing season. Key to species a Basal clasp segment with the apical lohe broadly rounded, smooth ( M y c o d i p 1 o s i s) a c e r i n a Felt, C. 243, 269, 270, 548, 688, 699 aa Basal clasp segment with a long, setose lobe apically ( M y c o d i p 1 o s i s ) q u e r c i n a Felt, C. 271 COQUILLETTOMYIA U. g. This genus is allied to Mycodiplosis, since it has the anterior tar- sal segments unidentate. It may be separated therefrom by the conspicuous setose basal lobe at the internal angle of the basal clasp segment. The ventral plate is about as long as the style and broadly rounded apically, while the harpes are strongly chitinized. Type M y c o d i p 1 o s i s 1 o b a t a Felt. Key to species a Abdomen dark salmon, the internal Icbe of the basal clasp segment short, broad, naked, the ventral plate slightly emarginate ; harpes incon- spicuous ( M y c o d i p I o s i s) 1 o b a t a Felt, C. 176 aa Abdomen yellowish, the internal lobe of the basal clasp segment short, stout, setose, the ventral plate brcadly rounded; harpes short, spined apically t e x a n a n. sp., C. 31728 aaa Abdomen liglit brown, the internal lobe of the basal clasp segment long, setose ; ventral plate broadly rounded ; harpes long, terminating in a heavy, curved, chitinous process d e n t a t a n. sp., C. 622 KARSHOMYIA U. g. The form referable to this genus is a small, yellowish brown banded species allied to Lobodiplosis Felt and easily distinguished therefrom by the unique genitalia. The stout basal clasp segment bears a broadly dilated, subfusiform terminal clasp segment; the harpes are strongly chitinized and very complex [pi. 41, fig. i]. The wing is shown on plate 38. figure 7. Type and sole species, M y c o d i p 1 o s i s v i b u r n i Felt, Cecid. 89. YOUNGOMYIA n. g. This genus comprises several rather large, brownish Diplosids allied to Mycodiplosis and distinguished therefrom by the peculiar genitalia. The terminal clasp segment is greatly produced, being distinctly longer than the basal clasp segment, which latter has a REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 399 prominent lobe at its internal basal angle. The dorsal plate is al- most divided ; the roundly truncate ventral plate is thickly haired apically and the style is rather stout, clavate [pi. 41, fig. 2]. Type D i c r o d i p 1 o s i s p o d o p h y 1 1 a e Felt. K a r s h o m y i tOriginal) rni Felt, antennal segment of male, much enlarged. Nothing is known concerning the life history of the species refer- able to this genus, though it would not be surprising if later studies showed that they subsisted upon fungi, though it is possible that they are zoophagous. Key to species a Abdomen reddish brown, the basal clasp segment with the internal basal lobe subqiiadrate. .(Dicrodiplosis) podophyllae Felt, C. 207 aa Abdomen dark red, the basal clasp segment with the internal basal lobe triangular r u b i d a n. sp., C. 423 400 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUAE MYcoDiPLosis Rnbs. This genus comprises a large number of small, yellowish or light brown forms presenting very much the same general appearance and yet differing considerably in structural characters. The anterior claws are unidentate and the third vein as a rule joins the margin of the wing beyond the apex. We have referred to this group a considerable number of forms having a more or less uniform structure and not referable to such recently erected genera as Kar- shomyia, Lobodiplosis, Youngomyia and Coquillettomyia, all of which are separated from this large genus by well marked structural characters. Key to species a Third vein uniting with costa well before the apex b Harpes indistinct, not lobelike c Abdomen pale yellowish; ventral plate rather long, broadly emargi- nate, the basal portion of the stem of the Sth antennal segment with a length yi greater than its diameter, .reducta n. sp., C. 479 bb Harpes lobulate, distinct c Harpes setose d Abdomen reddish brown ; ventral plate short, truncate, the basal portion of the stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter m i n u t a Felt, C. 290 cc Harpes strongly spined, the basal portion of the stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length ^ greater than its diameter J Abdomen yellowish transparent; scutellum reddish brown a c e r i f o 1 i a Felt, C. 37 dd Abdomen dark reddish brown ; scutellum a pale fuscous yellowish p i n i Felt, C. 348 aa Third vein uniting with costa beyond the apex b Ventral plate long, at least Yi the length of the style c Ventral plate expanded apically, broadly and deeply cmarginate d Dorsal plate long e Lobes greatly expanded distalh', spatulate ; abdomen yellowish, length .75 mm. . . . (C e c i d o m y i a) a n g u 1 a t a Felt, C. 332a (Syn. C . u r t i c a e Felt 123) ee Lobes long, not greatly expanded laterally, narrowly rounded apically / Abdomen yellowish brown, reddish brown basally, length .75 nun, the fifth antennal segment having the stems 2 and 2J/2 times their diameters ; bred from folded, thickened cherry leaves. . . . (C e c i d o my i a) cerasifolia Felt, C. aiS7i // Abdomen light yellowish, reddish basally, length i mm; 5th antennal segment having the stems 2]^2 and 4 times their diameters; lired from gloliular leaf gall on poplar p o p u 1 i f o 1 i a n. sp., C. ai5T4 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 401 /// Abdomen pale yellowish, orange tinted basally, length 1.5 mm; fifth antcnnal segment having the stems 3 and 4 times their length ; bred from fungus on Impatiens, O e c i d i u m impatient is impatient is n. sp., C. ai542 dd Dorsal plate short, bread, the lobes broadly rounded and margined with setae; ventral plate deeply and triangularly cmarginate, the lobes slender, the basal portion of the stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length ^li times its diameter r o t u n d a t a n. sp., C. 634, 704, 564 ddd Dorsal plate with the lateral angles produced, the lobes roundly emarginate e Basal portion of the stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length 14 greater than its diameter / The lobes of the dorsal plate deeply and roundly emarginate, the antennae plainly trinodose holotricha n. sp., C. 1104a, iiioa, ai82ib cc Basal portion of the stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter / Dorsal plate long, deeply and roundly emarginate; antennae not trinodose coryli folia Felt, C. ai543b ece Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length thrice its diameter / The lobes of the dorsal plate broadly not deeply emarginate g Ventral plate deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes slender t e n u i t a s n. sp., C. 306 gg Ventral plate broadly and roundly emarginate, the lobes stout r o b u s t a n. sp., C. 1210 cc Ventral plate broadly and slightly emarginate d Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length thrice its diameter, the dorsal plate short, with the lateral angles narrowly produced, the lobes roundly emarginate cyanococci Felt, C. 136 dd Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length equal to its diameter, the dorsal plate short, the lateral angles broadly produced c o n t r a c t a , C. 671 ccc Ventral plate tapering distally, broadly and deeply emarginate d Terminal clasp segment as long as the basal clasp segment e Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length four times its diameter, the dorsal plate truncate f i b u 1 a t a n. sp., C. 684 dd Terminal clasp segment distinctly shorter than the basal clasp segment e Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length three to four times its diameter f Abdomen fuscous yellowish with the ventral plate narrow, the distal enlargement of the Sth antennal segment with a length 2^ times its diameter, stout and constricted at the basal third c a p t i V a Felt, C. 197 40-J NI:VV YORK STATE MUSEUM // Abdomen light brown, the ventral plate broad, the 5th antennal segment having the distal enlargement vi^ith a length Yi greater than its diameter and constricted at the basal third a e s t i V a n. sp., C. 389 /// Abdomen light brown, the ventral plate narrow, the 5th an- tennal segment having the distal enlargement with a length Yi greater than its diameter and not constricted at the basal third o b s c u r a n. sp., C. 204 ee Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length 2^/2 times its diameter, the distal enlargement with a length Yi, greater thJin its diameter, the lobes of the dorsal plate obliquely truncate ; abdomen fuscous yellowish v a r i a 1) i 1 i s n. sp., C. 652 ccc Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length Y2 greater than its diameter, the distal enlargement with a length Y-x greater than its diameter, the lobes of the dorsal plate truncate ; abdomen fuscous brown m o d e s t a n. sp., C. 289 cccc Ventral plate broadly rounded apically, the 5th antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length 2Y2 times its diameter, the abdomen fuscous yellowish. .. .t s u g a e Felt, C. l68a hh Ventral plate rather short, about Y2 the length of the style or of the basal clasp segment if the style is short c Ventral plate deeply emarginate d Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length 2Y2 times its diameter, the abdomen yellowish orange.... e m a r g i n a t a Felt, C. 191, 438, 695 cc Ventral plate l)road, broadly and slightly emarginate d Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length twice its diameter e The dorsal plate narrowly incised, the abdomen a mottled brown a 1 1 e r n a t a Felt, C. 209, 205, 220 ee Dorsal plate triangularly incised, the abdomen a reddish car- mine h u d s o n i Felt, C. 188 dd Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length Y2. greater than its diameter e Abdomen pale orange, the distal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length Ya greater than its diameter c o r y 1 i Felt. C. 237 ec Abdomen bright orange, the distal enlargement of the hfth antennal segment with a length twice its diameter p e r p 1 e X a n. sp., C. 554 ccc Ventral plate broadly truncate d Dorsal plate narrowly incised, the Iclies rather broad ; abdomen brownish orange a u r a t a n. sp., C. 212 dd Dorsal plate narrowly incised, the lolies narrow and narrowly rounded ; alxlomen dark brown s i 1 v a n a n. sp.. C. 255* REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST KJOy 4O3 cccc Ventral plate brcadly rounded apically d Dorsal plate short, deeply and narrowly incised, the lobes broadly rounded; 5lh antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem witli a length 3I/2 times its diameter (C e c i d o m y i a ) a c a r i v o r a Felt, C. 847 PEODIPLOSIS n. g. This genus is erected for the reception of certain small forms which display, in a most interesting manner, the transition between the typical binodose antennae of the male Diplcsid and the cylindric stemmed antennae of Rhopalomyia. The circtimfili are rudimentary or wanting. The third to ninth segments are distinctly binodose, the eighth and ninth only slightly so, while the loth to the 14th are cylindric. The claws are simple. The third vein unites with the wing margin well beyond the apex. The genitalia are peculiar, in that the harpes are somewhat inflated. Type C e c i d o my i a floricola Felt, C. ai68i. Apparently the same species has been bred from enlarged blos- soms of clematis under the number 31694. ARTHROCNODAX Rubs. This genus comprises a number of small, yellowish forms having simple claws and most easily recognized by the third vein uniting with the costa well before the. apex. It is probable that most of the species are zoophagous, though A. apiphila is known to subsist upon organic debris in beehives. Key to species a Ventral plate broadly rounded apically b Ventral plate long, rather narrow c Dorsal plate short, deeply and narrowly incised d Stems of 5th antennal segment nearly equal, each with a length thrice the diameter; abdomen orange brown, length .75 mm (Cecidomyia) incisa Felt, C. 67 dd Fifth antennal segment with the stems subequal, each with a length 2^ and 4 times the diameter ; abdomen dark carmine with a fuscous spot, length 1.2 mm (Cecidomyia) s y 1 v e s t r i s Felt, C. a 1630 cc Dorsal plate long, broadly and triangularly emarginate d Fifth antennal segment with the stems nearly equal, each with a length 2^ and 3 times the diameter ; abdomen dark red, length I mm r u f a n. sp., C. 678 bh Ventral plate long, rather l>road c Dorsal plate broadly and triangularly emarginate 404 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM d Fifth antennal segment with the stems subeqiial, each with a length 2K' and 3^ times the diameter ; abdomen j^ellowish brown, length I mm (Cecidomyia) filicis Felt, C. 139, 538 cc Dorsal plate short, broadly and triangularly emarginate d Fifth antennal segment with the stems equal, each with a length 2^ times the diameter; abdomen dark red, length i mm (Cecidomyia) fraxini Felt, C. 179 bbb Ventral plate rather short, broad c Dorsal plate rather long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate d Basal clasp segment with a rounded lobe basally ; abdomen yellowish brown, length i mm. .(Cecidomyia) acerina Felt, C. 149 dd Basal clasp segment without a basal lobe internally ; abdomen light yellowish brown, length i mm fenestra n. sp., C 641 cc Dorsal plate rather long, narrowly incised d Abdomen fuscous, length .75 mm o b s c u r a n. sp., C. 399 bbbb Ventral plate rather short, narrow, narrowly rounded apically c Dorsal plate short, broadly and triangularly emarginate d Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length ^4 its diameter or less e Abdomen yellowish or dark carmine, length i mm; third palpal segment slender apiphila Felt, C. 31775, 524 ee Abdomen reddish brown, length i mm ; third palpal segment broadly oval. ..(Cecidomyia) m a c r o f i 1 a Felt, C. 1023 aa Ventral plate truncate b Dorsal plate short, deeply and triangularly incised ; abdomen pale yellowish, length .5 mm; bred from heads of curled sumac leaves.... r h o i n a n. sp., C. a 1720b bb Dorsal plate very short, deeply and narrowly emarginate, length i mm ; bred from rolled elder leaves. . .s a m b u c i f o 1 i a n. sp., C. ai723 ODONTODIPLOSIS n. g. This genus is erected for the separation of certain species alHecl to Cecidomyia, which may be distinguished therefrom by the triartic- ulate palpi and the conspicuous serrations on the somewhat conical ventral plate or harpes. Type Cecidomyia karnerensis Felt, C. 27. Key to species a Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length about ^2 greater than its diameter b Length .75 mm'; abdomen reddish yellow (Cecidomyia) karnerensis Felt, C. 27 oa Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem witli a length 2% or 3 times that of the diameter b Abdomen pale orange a m e r i c a n a n. sp., C. 451, 660 bb Abdomen fuscous yellowish m o n t a n a n. sp., C. 718 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST UJOy 405 ADIPLOSIS 11. g. This genns is easily distinguished from Odontodiplosis Felt, to which it is closely related, by the stouter basal clasp segment and the total absence of teeth on the ventral plates or harpes. Type and sole species Cecidomyia toxicodendri Felt, C. 263. HYPERDIPLOSIS n. g. This genus is erected for a form with simple claws bent at right angles and with a very long, broad, and very deeply and broadly emarginate ventral plate. The dorsal plate is deeply and roundly emarginate, the lobes being broadly emarginate and with the lateral angles greatly produced. Type and sole species Cecidomyia lobata Felt, C. 132. GIARDOMYIA n. g. This genus is erected for certain species doubtfully referred to Octodiplosis Giard. These forms, however, present marked differ- ences from the type of this older genus and a new genus has there- fore been founded. The genus Giardomyia comprises a number of small, yellowish or reddish forms having the simple claws bent almost at right angles and usually somewhat enlarged subapically. The ventral plate is long, slender, slightly expanded apically and roundly emarginate, while the dorsal plate is short, triangularly emarginate and with the somewhat long lobes broadly rounded or even truncate. The type species is G. p h o t o p h i 1 a Felt [pi. 38, fig. 2] . Key to species a Abdomen yellowish b Abdomen pale yellowish c Length .75 mm, the 5th antennal segment having the stems 2^< and 3I/2 times their length ; presumably bred from a pustulate gall on Mentha m e n t h a e n. sp., C. ai578b, 536 bh Abdomen fuscous yellowish, length i mm ; 5th antennal segment having the stems 3 and 41^2 times the length of their diameters n o V e b o r a c e n s i s n. sp., C. 197X aa Abdomen reddish b Abdomen bright carmine, length i mm ; 5th antennal segment having the stems 3 and 4^2 times the length of their diameters (Cecidomyia) p h o t o p h i 1 a Felt, C. 323 bb Abdomen bright red ; terminal segments yellowish, length i mm ; 5th antennal segments having the stems with a length 3 and 3^/3 times their diameters, the ventral plate deeply and narrowly emarginate. . e m a r g i n a t a n. sp., C. 446 406 XliW YORK STATE MUSEUM bbb Abdomen deep reddish, length i mm ; 5th antennal segment having the stems 2}X and 4 times the lenj^th of their diameters h u d s o n i c a n. sp., C. 200 bbbb A1)domen dark reddish brown, length i nnn ; 5th antennal segment having the stems 2>:^ and 3J.S times the length of their diameters.. m o n t a n a n. sp., C. 325, 585 METADIPLOSIS U. g. This genus is easily distinguished from the ordinary type of Cecidomyia by the unique genitaUa, the basal clasp segment being short, stout, broadly rounded and with conspicuous triangular, chiti- nous processes at the internal angles, while the terminal clasp seg- ment is short, greatly constricted near the middle, enormously swol- len and recurved apically. Type and sole species M e t a d i j) 1 o s i s *^ p i n o s a n. sp. Metadiplosis spinosa v. sp. Male. Length i mm. Antennae dark brown, the basal segments yellowish. Mesonotum dark brown, the submedian lines indistinct. Scutellum reddish yellow, postscutellum reddish brown. Abdomen light reddish brown, rather thickly clothed with pale setae and slightly fuscous distally. Wings hyaline, lialteres yellowish basally, semitransparent apically. Legs a nearly uniform dark brown. Taken at Albany, N. Y., July 14, 1906, on quack grass. Type C. 573, N. Y. State Museum. EPIDIPLOSIS n. g. This genus is erected for a species remarkable because of the enormously produced, curved, setose-bearing spine on the basal clasp segment, this peculiar organ being nearly as long as the termi- nal clasp segment and strongly suggesting the genitalic modification we find in Lobodiplosis. It is, however, readily separable from this last Mamed genus by the simple claws. Type and sole species E p i d i p 1 o s i s s a y i n. sp., C. 429. Epidiplosis sayi n. sp. Male. Length 6 mm. Antennae light brown, yellowish basally ; face fuscous yellowish. Mesonotum fuscous brown, the submedian lines narrow. Scutellum reddish lirown, postscutellum yellowish, the basal and terminal abdominal segments yellowish orange, the RlirORT OF THK STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 4O7 third, fcrrth and fifth being white, all sparsely haired. Wings hya- line. Legs a nearly uniform dull brown. Taken at Nassau, N. Y., July i, 1906. Type C. 429, N. Y. State Museum. LESTODiPLOSis KietT. Tliis genus, as recognized by us, is easily separated from all other Diplosids by the very characteristic triangular lobe at the base of the slender basal clasp segment. The dorsal plate is rather long, rather deeply and triangularly- emarginate, the lobes being nearly parallel and broadly rounded, while the ventral plate is long, rather broad and narrowly rounded apically. Species referable to this group are rather small, ranging from .75 to about 2 mm in length, usually yellowish or reddish, though a few are brov/nish. Species of this genus are very frequently bred from various galls and in certain cases at least, are probably zoophagous. This is undoubtedly true of L. grass a tor Fyles, and presumably so of a number of other species, though it will be observed by refer- ring to the following records, that a considerable number of species have been bred from flowers or rolled leaves. These may be en- tirely responsible for the vegetable deformities or partly so, living as commensals, or it is possible that they may be the cause of certain malformations. It is impossible, in the present state of our knowledge, to make definite statements respecting the habits of these species. It is worthy of notice, however, that those reared from difl^erent plants, present variations which lead us to regard them as distinct species. Certain species in the following table are given in two divisions as having the wings either hyaline or spotted. This is due to the fact that it is very difficult to draw a sharp line between spotted and unspotted wings in cases where there are numerous gradations. Furthermore, females which are not repre- sented in the following table, frequently have spotted wings, while their consorts have the organs of flight hyaline. This character, though variable, is a very convenient one upon which to make pri- mary divisions. Key to species a Wings hyaline b Wings narrow, the length thrice the width c Abdomen brownish d Abdomen 3'cllcwish Ijrown. the stems of the 5th antenna! seg- ment with a length ^14 times the diameter, the distal node with a length 54 greater than its diameter; bred from fusiform galls on cherry twigs c e r a s i n. sp., C. a 1593a 4oS NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM dd Abdomen dark brown, the 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length 3^ times the diameter, the distal node with a length equal to its diameter, circumfili long (C e c i d o m y i a) j u n i p e r i n a Felt, C. 746 cc Abdomen yellowish d Abdomen pale yellowish, the 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length thrice the diameter, the distal node with a length Yi greater than its diameter, circumfili rather long; bred from a cylindric fimbriate leaf gall on Crataegus crataegifolia n. sp., C. 31555 dd Abdomen yellowish, the second to fourth segments fuscous, the 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length 2^ times the diameter, the distal node with a length ^ greater than its diameter, style short c i n c t a n. sp., C. 465 ddd Abdomen fuscous yellowish e Style short, the Sth antennal segment having the stems with a length 2^ times the diameter, the distal node with a length y2 greater than its diameter, not constricted ; bred from rolled edge of poplar leaf p o p u 1 i f o 1 i a n. sp., C. 31490 cc Style long, the 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length 3^ times the diameter, the distal node with a length Ys greater than its diameter, constricted; bred from rolled ash leaves fraxinifolia n. sp., C. 31572 dddd Abdomen fuscous yellowish, fuscous basally, 5th antennal seg- ment having the stems with a length 2Y2 times the diameter, the distal node with a length Y2 greater than its diameter, the style short; dorsal plate slightly emarginate, the lobes broadly emargi- nate b a s a 1 i s n. sp., C. 512 ccc Abdomen light carmine, the 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length 2Y2 times the diameter, the distal node with a length Y2 greater than its diameter ; style long ; bred from rolled Ver- bena urtifolia leaves, .v e rb e n i f o 1 i a n. sp., C. 315773 bb Wings moder3te, with 3 length sbout 2Y2 times the width c Abdomen light brown d Fifth antennal segment having the stems with a length 3J/2 times the diameter, the distal node with a length equal to its diameter.. ( C e c i d o m y i a) f 1 a v o m a r g i n a t 3 Felt, C. log dd Fifth 3ntennal segment having the stems with a length thrice the diameter, the dist3l node with 3 length ^4 gre3ter th3n its di3meter e Wings medium, with a length 2]i times the width, circumfili moderate ; bred from Phylloxera v a s t a t r i x galls .... g r a s s a t o r Fyles, C. 962, 963, 974 cc Wings broad, with a length cnly 2^ times the width; circumfih heavy ; bred from pods of Yucca angustifolia y u c c a e n. sp., C. 1017 cc Abdomen yellowish d Abdomen pale yellowish e Basal stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length TiY^ times its diameter REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 4O9 / Distal stem of 5th antennal segment with a length thrice its diameter, the circumfili stout, rather long ; bred from Solidago leaf with elongate, brown spots s o 1 i d a g i n i s n. sp., C. ai655 // Distal stem of 5th antennal segment with a length 3^ times its diameter, circumfili rather long (C e c i d o m y i a) h i c o r i a e Felt, C. 261 cc Basal stem of the 5th antennal segment with a length s^-^ times its diameter / Distal stem of 5th antennal segment with a length 3I/2 times its diameter, the circumfili short; bred from distorted flower buds of figwort, Scrophularia marylandica (Cecidomyia) scrophulariae Felt, C. 31569 dd Abdomen fuscous yellowish, 5th antennal segment with the stems 31^ times their diameters e Abdomen fuscous yellowish / Style long g Distal node of sth antennal segment with a length }i greater than its diameter ; bred from flowers of dogbane apocyniflorae n. sp., C. ai684 gg Distal node of 5th antennal segment with a length ^ greater than its diameter; bred from subglobular leaf gall on poplar g 1 o b o s a n. sp., C. 31656 // Style short, the lobes of the basal clasp segment slightly rounded, the distal node of the 5th antennal segment with a length y2 greater than its diameter (Cecidomyia) tsugae Felt, C. i68b ddd Abdomen reddish e Abdomen reddish fuscous, the 5th antennal segment with the stems 3^ and thrice their diameters, the distal node with a lenth % greater than its diameter; bred from rolled milkweed (Asclepias) leaves asclepiae n. sp., C. 31588 ee Abdomen reddish brown, the Sth antennal segment with the stems 3H times their diameters, the distal node with a length ^ greater than its diameter (Cecidomyia) rugosa Felt, C. 6500 ece Abdomen reddish, 5th antennal segment with the stems 3 and 3I/2 times their diameters, the distal node with a length % greater than its diameter; bred from Clematis flowers c 1 e m a t i f 1 o r a e n. sp., C. ai694b aa Wings spotted b Legs broadly white-banded, the 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length 2^ times their diameter, the ventral plate coarsely setose apically; bred from thorn leaf florida n. sp., C. 986 bb Legs not broadly white-banded c Abdomen yellowish d Basal segment dark brown or black (Cecidomyia) carolinae Felt, C. 31636 dd Abdomen orange tinted, the 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length ^l4 times their diameters, the distal node with a length yi greater than its diameter 410 XKW YORK STATE 1VIUSEU:M c Wings medium, with a length 2I2 times the width ; bred from E u p a t o r i u m a g e r a t o i d c s (C e c i d o m y i a) e u p a t o r i i , C. ai28o cc Wings broad, with a length 2\-2 times the width; bred from plane (Platanus leaf) plat ani folia n. sp., C. ai669a ddd Abdomen reddish apically, the 5th antennal segment having the stems witli a length 3^ times their diameters, the distal node with a length J 4 greater than its diameter (C e c i d o m y i a) a s t e r i s F"elt, C. 615 dddd Abdomen red tinted, the 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length 3^ times their diameters c Wings moderate, with a length 2^-2 times the width ; bred from Rumex r u m i c i s n. sp., C. ai595a cc Wings rather narrow, with a length 2^ times the width; bred from thickened leaf fold on Spiraea tomentosa s p i r a e a f o 1 i a n. sp., C. 760 (aii74) ddddd yMxlcmen l)rown tinted, the 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length thrice the diameters, the distal node with a length greater tlian its diameter ; bred from Solidago (C e c i d o m y i a) triangularis Felt, C. 763 (an7o) cc Abdomen dark red, the tarsi faintly banded d Fifth antennal segment having the stems with a length 2j/< times the diameters ; bred from rolled milkweed leaf a s c I e p i a e n. sp., C. ai588a dd Fifth antennal segment having the stems 3 and 3^:3 times their length ; bred from galls of Phylloxera v a s t a t r i x grassator Fylcs, C. a 1654 PARADIPLOSIS n. g. This gentis is separated from Cecidomyia principally because of the peculiar structures presented by the male genitalia. The basal clasp segment is short, stout and broad, while the terminal clasp segment is short, stout and apically with a broad, chitinized serrate margin. The dorsal and ventral plates are short, broad, each rather deeply and narrowly emarginate ; style short, stout. The third vein unites with the margin at the apex of the wing. The palpi are* quadriarticulate and the claws simple. Type and sole species Cecidomyia o b e s a Felt. OBOLODIPLOSIS U. g. This genus has been erected to include a remarkable form which diverges widely from the ordinary type of Cecidomyia in the male genitalia. The terminal clasp segments are greatly produced, being nearly ^ longer than the basal clasp segment. The dorsal plate is greatly expanded, nearly divided, the lobes being orbicular, while the REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 4II ventral plate appears to be widely separated, the two lobes being short, stout and roundly triangular [pi. 42, fig. 2]. The male is 3 mm long, the flagellate antennal segments are strongly trinodose, while the claws are simple and the third vein unites with the margin well beyond the apex. Type and sole species Cecidomyia orbiculata Felt. CLINODIPLOSIS Kiefif. Members of this genus are small, yellowish species which may be recognized by the simple claws, the quadriarticulate palpi, the lack of a conspicuous lobe or spine on the basal clasp segment and by the long, linear, narrowly rounded, ventral plate [pi. 42, fig. i]. The species probably breed mostly in leaf galls, though C . cattle- yae was reared from the roots of Cattleya gigas. Key to species a Ventral plate long, slender, tapering slightly and narrowly rounded apically b Antennal segments with only two distinct enlargements, not trinodose c Abdomen dark brown, length .75 mm (Cecidomyia) rub rase uta Felt, C. 93 cc Abdomen yellowish brown, length I mm; bred from leaves of scrub oak f 1 o r i d a n. sp,, C. 978 bb Antennal segments more or less distinctly trinodose c Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length twice its diameter d Abdomen pale orange, length 1.5 mm (Cecidomyia) a c e r n e a Felt, C. 2G7 cc Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length 14 greater than its diameter d Abdomen yellowish, the segments banded posteriorly and partially near the middle with brown e Length 2.5 mm, 5th antennal segment stems with a length i^/ and 3 times the diameters, distal node strongly constricted ; bred from globose gall on hickory (Cecidomyia) caryae Felt, C. 331, 11 17 ee Length 1.5 mm, 5th antennal segment stems with a length 1I/2 and 21-2 times the diameters, distal node not strongly constricted (Cecidomyia) coryli Felt, C. 216 aa Ventral plate long, slender, tapering distally b Dorsal plate rather long, triangularly emarginate, the lobes long and narrowly triangular c Abdomen pale yellowish or carmine, length i mm; 5th antennal seg- ment having the stems with a length 2'/ and 4 times th? diameters, respectively triangularis n. sp., C. 428, 499 aaa Ventral plate long, rather stout, liroadly rounded apically b Dorsal plate short, the lobes truncate 412 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM c Abdomen dark red, the segments margined with fuscous, length I mm; 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length 2% and 4 times that of the diameters, respectively, trinodose (Cecidomyia) subtruncata Felt, C. 506 cc Abdomen fuscous brown, length i mm ; 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length ii/ and 3 times that of the diameters, respectively montana n. sp., C. 631 aaaa Ventral plate long, emarginate b Ventral plate tapering distally, roundly emarginate c Dorsal plate short, roundly emarginate, the 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length i^ and 2^ times that of the diameters ; bred from roots of Cattle y a gigas cattleyae n. sp., C. 979 cc Dorsal plate short, narrowly and triangularly emarginate, the lobes produced laterally; abdomen yellowish, length i mm; 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length 2}^ and 3^/^ times that of the diameters rubisolita n. sp,, C. 656 bb Ventral plate long, slender, broadly emarginate c Dorsal plate triangularly emarginate, the lobes truncate d Abdomen reddish brown, length .75 mm ; 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length 3 and 4 times that of the diameters extensa n. sp., C. 228 bbb Ventral plate long, broad, scarcely tapering, very broadly emarginate c Dorsal plate short, triangularly emarginate, the lobes truncate d Abdomen a fuscous reddish brown, length 1.5 mm; 5th antennal segment having the stems equal, each with a length 3J/2 times its diameter pratensis n. sp., C. 741 dd Abdomen reddish brown, length 1.25 mm; sth antennal segment having the stems with a length i^ and 2^/^ times that of the 'diameters (Cecidomyia) carpini Felt, C. 347 CECIDOMYIA Meig. This, the oldest genus of the group, originally included all forms referable to this family. It is at present restricted to a large number of Diplosids having simple claws, the third vein uniting with costa beyond the apex and not presenting characters given for the pre- ceding genera. The members of this group appear to live largely in leafy tissues, though one form, Cecidomyia resinicola O. S., occurs in exuded pitch masses. This genus includes the wheat midge, Cecidomyia tritici Kirby, a species of 'prime eco- nomic importance. Key to species a Ventral plate long b Ventral plate broadly and roundly emarginate, the lobes diverging strongly c Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length less than its diameter, the circumfili indistinct or wanting REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 413 d Abdomen fuscous yellowish, length .75 mm, 5th antennal segment with the stems J/2 and 2]^ the length of their diameters i n f i r m a n. sp., C. 299 dd Abdomen yellowish brown, length .75 mm, 5th antennal segment with the stems f^ and V/j, the length of their diameters p a u c i f i li n. sp., C. 297 cc Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length greater than its diameter, the circumfili distinct d Abdomen pale yellowish, 5th antennal segment with the stems nearly equal, each 3^ times the diameter e Length 1.5 mm; dorsal plate triangularly emarginate, the lobes broadly truncate americana n. sp., C. 420, ?694 ce Length i mm; dorsal plate lobes diverging, rounded recurvata Felt, C. 361 cce Length .75 mm ; dorsal plate roundly emarginate, the lobes hardly diverging, obliquely truncate fragariae Felt, C. 328 hb Abdomen yellowish red, length .75 mm; dorsal plate short, triangularly emarginate, the lobes obliquely truncate ; 5th antennal segment having the stems 2V^ and 3 times their diameters emarginata Felt, C. 421, 34 dd Abdomen dark brown, length i mm ; 5th antennal segment having the stems 2]/^ and 3 times their diameters, ruricola n. sp., C. 293 hh Ventral plate deeply and roundly emarginate, the lobes not diverging strongly c Fifth antennal segment having the stems equal or nearly so d Lobes of the ventral plate diverging apically e Abdomen dark brown, length i mm; Sth antennal segment having the stems each with a length 3^ times its diameter a p i c a 1 i s n. sp., C. 409, 367 dd Lobes of the ventral plate nearly parallel, not diverging apically e Lobes of the dorsal plate not strongly diverging / Abdomen pale yellowish orange or yellowish brown, length I mm ; 5th antennal segment having the stems each with a length 3^ times its diameter a g r a r i a n. sp., C. 247, 621, 626, 632 // Abdomen dark yellowish brown, length .75 mm ; 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length 3 and 3^ times their diameters terrestris n. sp., C. 371 /// Abdomen dull red, length i mm ; 5th antennal segment having the stems each with a length t^iIA times the diameter; the 4th palpal segment as long as the 3d s a n g u i n i a n. sp., C. 385 ee Lobes of the dorsal plate strongly divergent / Abdomen pale yellowish, length 1.25 mm, the 4th palpal seg- ment 54 longer than the third, the 5th antennal segment hav- ing the two parts of the stem with a length 3 and 3^ times their diameters; dorsal plate lobes very large, divergent, the distal third setose and as long as the ventral plate explicata n. sp., C. 515 414 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM // Abdomen bright orange, length i mm ; dorsal plate lobes divergent, distinctly constricted subapically and bearing a few stout setae apically; ventral plate twice the length of the dorsal plate ; bred from wheat heads t r i t i c i Kirby cc Stems of the 5th antennal segment plainly unequal d Stems each with a length 3 and 4'/ times its diameter e Abdomen reddish yellow, length 1.5 mm; bred from flowers of Apocynum a p o c y n i n. sp., C. ai684a cc Abdomen greenish bronze, length 1.5 mm; bred from flowers of Spiraea spiracaflorae Felt, ai68il) dd Stems each with a length i',^ and 2j/< times its diameter c Abdomen dark or reddish Ijrown, length 2 mm h u d s o n i Felt, C. i cc Abdomen reddish yellow, length 1.5 mm s e t a r i a e Felt, 31721 bbb Ventral plate truncate or nearly so c Abdomen pale yellowish orange, length 1.6 mm; 5th antennal seg- ment having the stems equal, each with a length ^ greater than its diameter n i x o n i n. sp., C. 510 cc Abdomen dark fuscous yellowish, length 1.25 mm; 5th antennal seg- ment having the stems with Icngtii 2^A and 3 times their diameters t o 1 h u r s t a e n. sp., C. 721 bhbh Ventral plate broadly rounded, dorsal plate long, the lobes rounded c Abdomen pale orange, with a fuscous spot basally, length .5 mm ; 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length 2^4 and 3 times their diameters • . . . q u e r c i n a Felt, C 3-;2 aa Ventral plate short b Ventral plate broad, deeply and roundly cmarginate c Abdomen pale yellowish, length 1.25 mm ; dorsal plate short ; triangu- larly emarginate, the lobes produced laterally, the 5th antennal seg- ment having the stems equal, each with a length 3^ times its diameter; bred from rolled leaves of Verbena urtifolia u r t i f o 1 i a n. sp., C. ai577 cc Abdomen pale yellowish, length 1.5 mm, dorsal plate short, triangu- larly emarginate, the lobes angularly rounded, the 5th antennal seg- ment having the stems each 3^-2 times its diameter. Bred from dwarfed catalpa shoots c a t a 1 p a e Comst., ai8o} ccc Abdomen pale yellowish, length 2 mm ; dorsal plate short, angularly and slightly emarginate; 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length J4 and 2^ times their diameters tecomiae Felt, C. ai26o cccc Abdomen light yellowish brown, length 2 mm ; stii antennal segment having the stems with a length I'-'S times their diameters r e s i n i c o 1 a O. S., C. ai85 bb Ventral plate broadly and roundly emarginate r Ventral plate tapering distally (/ Fifth antenna] segment having the Ivisal portion of ihc stem with a lengtli less than its diameter (' Al)dnmen reddish brown, lenglli i mm; 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length J. 2 and 114 that of the diameter a n t e n n a t a n. sp., C. 69 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 415 ec Abdomen dark brown, length .75 mm ; 5th antennal segment having tlie stems with a length '4 and i]'2 that of the diameter flavoscuta Felt, C. 76 eee Abdomen dark reddish, length i mm; 5th antennal segment hav- ing the stems with a length i/^ and twice that of the diameter foliora Rssl. & Hkr, C. 1339 dd Fifth antennal segment having the basal portion of the stem with a length greater than its diameter e Abdomen reddish brown, length 1.6 mm; 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length V/z and 2^4 times that of the diameters claytoniae Felt, C. 46 cc Ventral plate hardly tapering distally, very short and broad d Abdomen pale yellowish, length .75 mm; 5th antennal segment having the stems with a length 2 and 2^ times that of the diameters e x c a v a t i o n i s Felt, C. 65 EPIDOSARIAE This group contains a number of very characteristic forms which nevertheless present many structural diversities. The members of the group may be best recc5gnized by the well de- fined cross vein uniting subcosta with the base of the third vein. This cross vein frequently has a course nearly parallel with costa, though in certain forms it diverges from the third vein at an oblicjue angle, and in some species almost at a right angle. The third vein unites with the margin of the wing beyond the apex. Several genera are undoubtedly represented in our American fauna which have not been differentiated from the older established ones. So little is known of the life history of these species and there is such great diversity between the two sexes, that the present studies must be regarded as pre- liminary. Key to genera a Three long veins b Cross vein not parallel wiih costa c 5th vein forked, the wings very long and narrow, the legs long... Colpodia Winn. cc 5th vein simple, wings broader and legs shorter (type J. rubra) Johnsonomyia n. g. bh Cross vein running parallel or nearly so to costa c 5th vein forked d Antennae greatly prolonged in both sexes Forricondyla Rond. dd Antennae not greatly prolonged in both sexes. .Dirhiza Winn. cc 5th vein simple Holoneurus Kieff. aa 4 long veins, the 5th simple b Cross vein running parallel or nearly so to costa. .Asynapta H. Lw. hb Cross vein miming at a considerable angle with costa Winnertzia Rond. 4l6 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM COLPODIA Winn. This genus is remarkable for the extremely long, slender wings, the fifth vein being forked and the cross vein almost at right angles to costa [pi. 39, fig. i]. The legs are very long and slender. The genitalia are peculiar, sec plate 43. Key to species a 12 antennal segments ; females b Abdomen reddish brown, length i mm ; wings very slender, with a length about 5 times the width (Porricondyla) graminis Felt, C. 570 bb Abdomen reddish yellow, length 2 mm; wings rather broad, with a length about 4 times the width. . .t e m e r i t a t i s n. sp., C. ai546b aa 13 antennal segments ; females b 5th antennal segment with a stem % the length of the basal enlarge- ment c Abdomen carmine, length 1.5 mm, the basal enlargement of the Sth antennal segment with a length 6 times its diameter, the 4th palpal segment with a length 4 times its diameter s a n g u i n i a n. sp., C. 1227 cc Abdomen yellowish brown, length 1.6 mm, the 5th antennal seg- ment with a length 5 times its diameter, the 4th palpal seg- ment with a length 5 times its diameter terrena n. sp., C. 525 ccc Abdomen yellowish orange, length 3 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length 5 times its diameter, the 4th palpal segment with a length 7 times its diameter a 1 1 a n. sp., C. 481 cccc Abdomen yellowish brown, length i mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length 4 times its diameter, the 4th palpal segment with a length 5 times its diameter ; bred from Poa pratensis p r a t e n s i s n. sp., C. 256 aaa 16 antennal segments b 5th antennal segment with a stem ys the length of the basal en- largement c Abdomen pale orange, length 2 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length 3 times its diameter raaculata n, sp., C. 560 hb 5th antennal segments with a stem % longer than the basal en- largement c Abdomen pale yellowish, length 1.5 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length 2^ times its diameter 1 o n g i m a n a , n. sp., C. 830 bbb 5th antennal segment with a stem ij^ times the length of the basal enlargement c Abdomen pale salmon, length 2 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segm.ent with a length twice its diameter (Porri condyla) pinea Felt, C. ai622 REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 417 bbbb 5th antennal segment with a stem twice the length of the basal enlargement c Abdomen dark brown, length .75 mm, the basal enlargement o£ the 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter (Porricondyla) trifolii Felt, C. 455 bbbbb 5th antennal segment with a stem 2^ times the length of the basal enlargement c Abdomen pale yellowish, length i mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length 3 times its diameter... (Porricondyla) diervillae Felt, C. 485 cc Abdomen fuscous yellowish, length 1.3 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter (Porricondyla) carolinae Felt, C. 31624 ccc Abdomen pale yellowish, length 1.75 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter pectinata Felt, C. 31599 JOHNSONOMYIA n. g. This g-enus is erected for several small forms apparently closely allied to Colpodia Winn., in that the wings are long, narrow, and the cross vein not parallel with costa. Members of this genus may be recognized by the simple unbranched fifth vein and also by the somewhat broader wings and shorter legs than obtain in Colpodia. It is distinguished at once from Bryocrypta Kiefif. by the simple fifth vein [pi. 39, fig. 4]. Type J . rubra. Key to species a 12 antennal segments, the sth with a stem ^ the length of the basal enlargement b Abdomen pale orange, length i mm; female, .h u m i 1 i s n. sp., C. 658 aa 16 antennal segments, the 5th with a stem at least as long as the basal enlargement; males b Abdomen dark brown and yellowish, length 4 mm, the 5th antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement f u s c a n. sp., C. 1237 bb Abdomen reddish brown, length 4 mm, the 5th antennal segment with a stem J/2 longer than the basal enlargement, .rubra n. sp., C. 826 pomncoNDYLA Rond. This genus may be recognized by the cross vein being parallel or nearly so with costa, and the fifth vein forked, in connection with the greatly produced antennal segments of both sexes. See plate 39, figures 2, 5 and 8 for wing characters. The genitalia are variable and in some species very striking [see pi. 44]. 14 4l8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Key to species a 12 antennal segments, the 5th with a stem ^4 the length of the basal enlargement; female h Abdomen dark brown, length 1.5 mm, the 4th palpal segment 1^4 longer than the 3d, the terminal lobe of the ovipositor oval and with a length twice its widtli quercina Felt, C. 62 aa 13 antennal segments, the 5th with a stem '4 the length of the basal enlargement; females b Abdomen fuscous j^ellowish, length 2 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length zYi times its diameter ; terminal lobes of the ovipositor narrowly oval, with a length 3^ times the width t u ck e r i n. sp., C. 1255 bh Abdomen reddish yellow, length 2.5 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length 4 times its diameter, the terminal lobe of the ovipositor tapering, with a length fully 4 times its width caudata n. sp., C. 531 aaa 14 antennal segments b 5th antennal segment with a stem Ya or Yi the length of the basal enlargement ; females c Abdomen brown, the dorsal sclerites heavily chitinized anteriorly and posteriorly, length 1.5 mm. ...karnerensis Felt, C. 30 cc Abdomen dark reddish brown, the dorsal sclerites evenly chitinized, length 1.5 mm Carolina, C. 31625 bh 5th antennal segment with a stem Y2 the length of the basal en- largement c Abdomen fuscous yellowish, length 2 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length 354 times its diameter, 4th palpal segment J4 longer than the 3d. .b o r e a I i s Felt, C. 155 aaaa t6 antennal segments; males b 5th antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement c Abdomen fuscous yellowish, length 2 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length tw-ice its diameter.... canadensis n. sp., C. 1334 hh 5th antennal segment with a stem J 4 longer than the basal enlargement c Abdomen dark brown, length 1.5 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter ; terminal clasp segment greatly enlarged apically p i n i Felt, C. 221 cc Abdomen orange yellow, length i . 5, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length i)4 its diameter; terminal clasp segment greatly swollen basally d i 1 a t a t a n. sp., C. aii49 bbh 5th antennal segment with a stem twice the length of the basal enlargement c Abdomen light yellowish brown, length 2 mm, the basal enlarge- ment of the 5th antennal segment with a length 2^4 times its diameter barberi n: sp., C. 948 bhbb 5th antennal segment with a stem 2Y2 times the length of the basal enlargement REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQO/ 419 c Abdomen fuscous yellowish, length 3 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter; terminal clasp segment enlarged apically h a m a t a Felt, C. 31626 cc Abdomen light yellowish, length i mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length twice its diameter, the terminal clasp segment not greatly enlarged apically f la V a Felt, C. 151 aaaaa 20 antennal segments, the 5th with a stem 2^ times as long as the basal enlargement ; males b Abdomen fuscous yellowish, length 2.5 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length ^ greater than its diameter m u 1 t i n o d a n. sp., C. 789 DIRHIZA Winn. This genus may be separated from Porricondyla Rond. by Fig. 47 Dirhiza hamata Felt, 6th antennal ^segment of" female, much enlarged. (Original) the antennae not being greatly prolonged in both sexes. The wing is illustrated on plate 39, figure 7. Key to species a 12 antennal segments h 5th antennal segment with a stem Y^ the length of the basal en- largement c Abdomen yellowish, -length I mm ; female (Porricondyla) sylvestris Felt, C. 175 aa 13 antennal segments h Sth antennal segment with a stem ^ the length of the basal en- largement c Abdomen dark brown, length 2.5 mm ; female hamata Felt, C. 142 aaa 16 antennal segments b 5th antennal segment with a stem Y^ the length of the basal en- largement 420 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM c Abdomen yellowish, length 3 mm ; female p h o t o p h i 1 a n. sp., C. 45 aaaa 20 or more antenna! segments b Abdomen yellowish orange, length 3 mm ; 24 antennal segments, the 5th with a stem ^ the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length 3 times its diameter ; the 4th palpal segment ^ longer than the 3d canadensis n. sp., C. 952 bb Abdomen light reddish brown, length 3 mm; 25 antennal segments, the 5th with a stem % the length of the basal enlargement, which latter has a length 2]/^ times its diameter; 3d and 4th palpal segments nearly equal m o n t a n a n. sp., C. 953 bbb Abdomen pale yellowish, length 2 mm; 26 antennal segments, the 5th with a stem ys the length of the basal enlargement; the 4t]i palpal segment J^ longer than the 3d m u 1 1 i a r t i c u 1 a t a n. sp., C. 831 HOLONEURUS Kieff. This genus may be separated from Porricondyla and Dirhiza by the fifth vein being simple [pi. 39, fig. 3] and the four palpal seg- ments distinguish it from Colomyia Kiefif. Key to species a 12 antennal segments, the stem of the 5th as long as the basal en- largement b Abdomen yellowish, length i . 25 mm ; female (Porricondyla) a 1 1 i f i 1 u s Felt, C. 39S aa 16 antennal segments, the Sth with a stem twice the length of the basal enlargement b Abdomen yellowish brown, length 2 mm ; male c 1 o n g a t n s n. sp., C. 954 aaa 25 antennal segments, the 5th with a stem 34 longer tlian the basal enlargement h Abdomen dull yellowish, length 3 mm ; male m u 1 1 i n o d u s n. sp., C. 528 ASYNAPTA H. Lw. This genus may be recognized by the four long, simple veins, the fifth being simple, and by the cross vein being parallel (ir nearly so with costa [pi. 39, fig. 6|. Key to species a 16 aiitcnnal segments, the 5th with a stem 3^ longer than the basal en- largement b Abdomen yellowish brown, length 2 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segment with a length 3 times its diameter ; the terminal clasp segment broadly triangular ( \V i n n e r t z i a) f u r c a t a Felt, C. 336 REPORT OF. THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 42I aa 18 antennal segments, the 5tli witli a stem ^ the length of the basal enlargement b Abdomen light yellow, length 2 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5lh antennal segment with a length ^ greater than its diameter. . . f 1 a V i d a n. sp., C. 504 (7(7(; 19 antennal segments b 5th antennal segment with the stem in the male ^ and in the female Vo the length of the basal enlargement c Abdomen reddish orange, length male 2 mm, female 1.5 mm, the basal enlargement of the 5th antennal segm :nt with a stem twice the diameter ; bred from Rhabdophaga batatas galls saliciperda n. sp., C. aiSiSa aaaa 20 or more antennal segments b 5th antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement c Abdomen reddish brown, length 2 mm; 21 antennal segments, the basal enlargement of the 5th with a length ^ greater than its diameter ■. . c a u d a t a n. sp., C. 1219 cc Abdomen orange-yellow, length 1.5 mm; 23 antennal segments, the basal enlargement of the 5th with a length 54 greater than its diameter cerasi Felt, C. 236 ccc Abdomen light brown, length 1.5 mm; 23 antennal segments, the basal enlargement of the 5th with a length twice its diameter canadensis n. sp., C. 1335 bb stli antennal segment with a stem ^ longer than the basal en- largement c Abdomen reddish brown, length 2 mm ; 28 antennal segments, the basal enlargement of the 5th with a length twice its diameter photophila Felt, C. 119 WINNERTZIA Roncl. This genus is easily distinguished from all other members of the group by the four simple long veins, and in particular by the cross vein arising froin the third vein at an obtuse angle [pi. 39, fig. 9]. The antennal structures are exceedingly peculiar, inasmuch as the circumfili are modified to form unique horseshoelike struc- tures on each side of the antennal segments. Key to species a 13 antennal segments, the 5th with a stem .)4 the length of the basal enlargement b Abdomen yellowish brown, length i mm ; male c a r p i n i Felt, C. 106 aa 14 antennal segments b Segments sessile or subsessile; females c Abdomen reddish brown, length 2 mm, the 5th antennal segment with a length J^ greater than its diameter, the 4th palpal seg- ment Yi longer than the 3d arizoniensis n. sp., C. 1022 cc Abdomen greenish yellow, length 2 mm, the 5th antennal seg- ment with a length 3 times its diameter, the 4th palpal segment twice the length of the 3d c a 1 c i e q u i n a Felt, C. 67:} 422 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM ccc Abdomen pale straw, length 2 mm, 5th ant'ennal segment with a length twice its diameter, the 4th palpal segment J^ longer than the 3d karnerensis n. sp., C. 395 cccc Abdomen fuscous yellowish, length 1.5 mm, sth antennal seg- ment with a length 2J/2 times its diameter, the 4th palpal segment twice as long as the 3d h u d s 0 n i c i n. sp., C. ai555y bb 5ih antennal segment witli a stem Yi the length of the basal en- largement ; males Fig. 48 Winnertzia am'pelophila Felt, 6th antennal segment of male, much en- larged. (Original) Winnertiza cal- cic q u i n a Felt, I ith antennal segment of female, much en- larged. (Original) c Abdomen dark yellowish brown, length 1.5 mm, the 4th palpal segment twice the length of the 3d (Porricondyla) ampelophila Felt, C. 450 cc Abdomen dark brown, length .75 mm, 4th palpal segment twice the length of the 3d s 0 1 i d a g i n i s Felt, C. 508 bbb 5th antennal segment with a stem 54 the length of the basal en- largement ; males c Abdomen yellowish green basally, apically light brown, length 2 mm; 4th palpal segment J/2 longer than the 3d calciequina Felt, C. 561 cc Abdomen didl brown, length 1.25 mm; 4th palpal segment ^ longer than the 3d r u b i d a , C. 300 bbbb 5th antennal segment with a stem as long as the basal enlargement; male c Abdomen dark brown, length i mm ; 4th palpal segment twice the length of the 3d p i n i c o r t i c i s Felt, C. 1047 EXPLANATION OF PLATES PLATE 1 423 r Snow-white linden moth, Ennomos subsignarius Hiibn. 2 Work of striped maple worm, Anisota rubicunda Fabr. 424 PLATE 2 425 1 Leucobrephos brephoides Walk. 2 Work of apple leaf folder, A n c y 1 u s n u b e c u 1 a n a Cl'^in. Plate I WW I Snow-white linden moth ^ SK;.r~. ■C"- ■\ ' '' ,\, ■ ■ ^;-* i gl^^l^^^. thi ' '^' > ' ' • ^^. : ^^, M ;S?^»5^i^^^',, wKkLs^^ 1 !fe^;v^.'L^Ji.,.. .^. mSm m. 2 Work of striped maple worm PLATE 427 Eriophyes gall (no. 82) on Nyssa Plate 2 I Lenco brephos breplioides Work of apple leaf folder, A n c y 1 u s n u b e c u 1 a n a PLATE 4 429 Old Forge hatclierj- and Moose river 430 Plate 3 Eriophyes gall (no. 82) on Nyssa PLATE 5 431 Old Forge pond as seen from the village 432 PLATE 6 433 Bald Mountain pond at its lower end 434 PLATE 7 435 Beaver Meadow brook above the fish ponds 436 PLATE 8 437 Water tent trap in Beaver Meadow brook 438 Plate 7 Beaver Meadow brook PLATE 439 1 Moss covered stone from bed of Beaver Meadow brook 2 Fresh-water sponge from cove at outlet of twin ponds 440 Plate 8 Water tent trap PLATE 10 441 1 Wings of Habrophlebia vibrans 2 Abdominal appendages of the male, viewed from above 3 Abdominal appendages of the male of E p h e m c r e II a d o r o t h e a 4 Thoracic crest of female subimago 5 Abdominal appendages of male of P o t o m a n t h u s d i a p h a n u s 6 Side view of end of abdomen of female, Choroterpes betteni, showing ovipositor 7 Side view of end of abdomen of male 8 Ventral view of male abdominal appendages 442 Plate 9 .-J 1 n 1 i ^1 -lip Cl^^-^-^ \ ''lifB^I^ "^^ PLATE 11 443 Photographs of crane fly wings D i c r a n o ni }• i a s i ni u 1 a n s Walker P h a 1 a c r o c e r a t i p u 1 i n a O. S. 444 Plate 10 PLATE 12 44S 1 P e n t h o p t e r a a 1 b i t a r s i s O. S. 2 Rhypholophus nubilus O. S. 446 PLATE 13 447 I R h a p h i d o 1 a b i s t e n u i p e s O. S. 2 L i m n o p h i 1 a m o n t a n a O. S. 448 PLATE 14 449 Crane fly wings 1 M a c r o c h i 1 e spectrum Loew, after Loew 2 Tanyderus pictus Phil., after Philippi 3 Xiphura frontalis Loew 4 R h a m p h i d i a f 1 a v i p e s Alacq. 5 O r i m a r g a a n o m a 1 a Mik. after Mik. 6 L i m n o p h i 1 a b r e v i f u r c a O. S. drawn from a photograph 450 Plate 14 Cu. t ", PLATE 15 45 1 Crane fly wings 1 I d i o p 1 a s t a f i t c h i O. S., after Osten Sacken 2 Ptychoptera rufocincta O. S. 3 Bittac.omorpha clavipes Fabr. 4 Cylindrotoma distinctissima Meigen, after van der Wulp 5 L i o g m a n o d i c o r n i s O. S. 6 Cyttaromyia cancellata Scudd. (fossil), after Scudder 452 Plate 15 -^4+5 ^4 + * PLATE 16 453 Crane fly wings 1 Ctenophora sp. 2 PTipula tenuis v.d.W., after van der Wulp 3 Oropeza annularis Say 4 Megistocera fuscana Wulp, after van der Wulp 5 Dolichopeza a m erica n a Ndm. 6 S c a m b o n e u r a d o t a t a O. S., after Osten Sacken 454 Plate 1 6 PLATE 17 455 Crane fly wings r Undetermined lipuline from Virginia, 111. 2 Tip of wing of R h a b d i n o b r'o c h u s extinctus Scudd., after Scudder (Florissant fossil) 3 Tip of wing of P 1 u s i o m y i a gracilis Walker, after Westwood 4. P t i 1 o g y n a r a m i c o r n i s Skiise, after Skuse 5 S e m n o t e s d u c a 1 i s Westw., after Sknse 6 Ozodicera griseipennis Loew, after Loew " 456 Plate 17 PLATE 18 457 Wings of crane flies of the genus Limnophila 1 Limnophila (Dicranophragma) fuscovaria O. S. 2 Limnophila toxoneura O. S. 3 Limnophila poetica O. S. 4 Limnophila miinda O. S. 5 Limnophila adusta O. S. 6 Limnophila quadrata O. S. 458 Plate i8 PLATE 19 459 Wings of crane flies 1 Dicranota rivularis O. S. 2 Rhaphidolabis tenuipes O. S. 3 Epiphragma fascipennis Say 4 Trichocera brumalis ? Fitch 5 Lechria singularis Skuse, after Skuse 6 Amphineurus australica Skuse, after Skuse 460 Plate 19 PLATE 20 461 Crane fly wings 1 Gynoplistia wakefieldi Westvv., after Westwood 2 Eutonia barbipes JMeigen, after van der Wulp 3 Poecilostola pallens, after van der Wulp 4 Palaeopoecilostola sp. ?, after Meunier 5 Lipsothrix remota Walk., after Wahlgren 6 T i n e ni y i a m a r g a r i t i f e r a ITtitt., after Ilutton 462 Plate 20 PLATE 21 463 Crane fly wings 1 Polymorio lutca Phil, after Philippi 2 Polymera albit arsis Will, after Williston 3 Podoneura antliracogramma Berg., after Bergroth 4 Paratropeza singularis Scliin., after Scliincr 5 C o n o s i a i r r o r r a t ii s Wied., after van dcr Wulp 6 M o n g o m a f r a g i 1 1 i ni a Westw., after VVestwood 464 Plate 21 PLATE 22 46s Crane fly wings 1 Cladoneura willistoni Scudd. (fossil), after Scudder 2 Cladura indivisa O. S., after Osten Sacken 3 Rhypholophus nubilus O. S. 4 Rhypholophus nigripilus O. S. 5 Rhypholophus monticola O. S. 6 Molophilus hirtipennis O. S. 466 Plate 22 PLATE 23 467 Crane fly wings 1 Erioptera villosa O. S. 2 Erioptera septenitrionis O. S. 3 E. (M e s oc y p h on a) caloptera O. S. 4 E. (Acyphona) venusta O. S. 5 E. (Hoplolabis) a r m a t a O. S. with spur in discal eel 6 Same species with complete cross vein in discal cell 468 Plate 23 PLATE 24 469 Crane fly wings 1 H e 1 o b i a p u n c t i p c n n i s Meigen 2 Gonphoniyia tristissima O. S. 3 Goniomyia sulphurella O. S. 4 Goniomyia c o g n a t e 1 1 a O. S. 5 Goniomyia blanda O. S. 6 Mongoma manca Williston 470 Plate PLATE 471 Crane fly wings 1 Amalopis inconstans O. S. 2 Amalopis calcar O. S. 3 Amalopis sp. ? 4 U 1 a e 1 e g a n s 0. S. 5 U 1 a sp. nov. 6 Polyangaeus maculatus Doane, after Doane 472 Plate 25 PLATE 26 473 Crane fly wings 1 Pedicia albivitta Walker 2 Anisomera megaceraO. S. 3 Eriocera longicornis Walker 4 Trimicra pilipes Fabr., after van der Wulp, with tip of an anomalous wing he found in a specimen of the same species 5 Phyllolabis obscurus Doane, after Doane 6 S t y r i n g o m y i a sp., after Osten Sacken 474 Plate 26 Crane fly wings 1 R h i p i d i a m a c u 1 a t a O. S. 2 G e r a n o m 3' i a canadensis O. S. 3 D i c r a n o m y i a i m m o d e s t a O. S. 4 Dicranomyia cinerea Doane, after Doane 5 ? Dicranomyia whartoni Ndni. 6 Dicranoptycha germana O. S. 4/6 Plate 27 PLATE 28 477 Crane fly wings 1 Discobolaargus Say, after Osten Sacken 2 G o n i o d i 11 e u r a n i g r i c e p s s. d. W. s., after van der Wulp 3 Dapanoptera plenipennis Walker, after Westwood 4 Peripheroptera nitens Schiner, after Schiner 5 Libnjotes notata v. d. W., after van der Wulp 6 LIbnotes thwaitesianana Westwr., after Westwood Plate 28 PLATE 479 Crane fly wings 1 Elephantomyia westwoodi O. S. 2 Teucholabis gracilis O. S. 3 Atarbapicticornis O. S., after Ostcn Sacken 4 Antocha opalizans, O. S. 5 T o X o r r h i n a m u 1 i e b r i s O. S. 6 D i o t r e p h a m i r a b i 1 i s O. S. Plate 29 PLATE 30 481 Crane fly wings 1 Cryptolabis paradox O. S. 2 Empeda nubila Schum., after van der Wulp 3 Limnobia cinctipes Say 4 Plectromyia modesta O. S., after Osten Sacken 5 Rhicnoptila wodzickii Now., after Nowicky (degenerate) 6 Zalusa falklandica Enderl., after Enderlein (more degenerate) 482 Plate 30 PIATE 31 483 Epiphragma fascipennis Say, female, in attitude of flight Crane fly (E p i p h r a g m a f a s c i p e n n i s) PLATE 32 48s Epiphragma fascipennis Say, immature stages 1 Larva, lateral view 2 End of same in dorsal view showing respiratory disk 3 Pupa 486 Plate 32 --— . ""_ ":S;5- '-«* Larva and pupa of crane fly (Epiphragma fascipennis) PLATE 33 487 Wing ofCatocha slossonae, n. sp., C. 931, X 20 Wing ofLestremia sylvestris Felt, 31642, X 20 Wing ofMicrocerata perplexa, n. sp., X 20 Wing of Ca mpy lomy z a carpini Felt, C 107, X 20 Wing of C a m p y 1 o m y z a b r y a n t i , n. sp., C. 796, X 20 Wing of B r a c h y n e u r a a m e r i c a n a Felt, C. 734, X Wing of J o a n i s s i a p h o t o p h i 1 a Felt, C. 748, X 30 488 30 Plate 33 PLATE 34 489 1 Wing of Bald r alia fiiscoanulata, n. sp., C. ai55o, X 20 2 Wing ofRhopalomyia major Felt, C. 90, X 13 3 Wing ofTrotteria tarsata, n. sp., C. 667, X 20 4 Wing ofLestodiplosis crataegifolia, 31555, X 20 5 Wing of C a m p t o n e u r o m y i a a d h e s a Felt, ai568, X 20 6 Wing of R h o p a 1 o m y i a h i r t i p e s O. S., 31284, X 13 7 Wing of C 1 i n o r h y n c h a m i 1 1 e f o 1 i i Wachtl, C. 1236, X 20 8 Wing ofNeolasioptera hibisci Felt, 31410, X 20 9 Wing of D i a r t h r o n o m y i a a r t e ni i s i a e , n. sp., C. 989, X i; 10 Wing of R h o p a 1 o m y i a f u s i f o r m i s Felt, 31150, X 20 490 Plate 34 PLATE 35 491 1 Wing of Rhabdophaga consobrina Felt, C. 39, X 20 2 Wing ofDasyneura flavotibialis Felt, ai454, X 20 3 Wing of 'D a sy n eu r a trifolii Loew, C. 742, X 20 4 Wing of Rhabdophaga populi Felt, C. 78, X 20 5 Wing of Rhabdophaga accri folia Felt, C. 36, X 20 0 Wing of Dasyneura bidentata Felt, C. 344, X 20 7 Wing of Rhabdophaga batatas Walsh, a686, X 20 S Wing ofDasyneura photophila Felt, C. 193, X 20 Plate 35 Dasynenra and Rhabdophaga PLATE 493 1 Wing ofOligotrophus betulae Winn., C. 964, X 20 2 Wing of Sackenomyia acerifolia Felt, C. 38, X 20 3 Wing ofjanetiella nodosa Felt, C. 1049, X 20 4 Wing ofjanetiella asplenifolia Felt, C. 1103, X 20 5 Wing of Cincticornia transversa Felt, C. S3, X 20 6 Wing ofMayetiola thalictri Felt, C. 98, X 20 7 Wing ofSchizomyia viburni n. sp., C. 1212, X 20 8 Wing of Asphondylia monacha, female O. S., C. 761, X 20 9 Wing of Asphondylia monacha, male, C. ai336, X 20 Plate 36 PLATE 87 49S 1 Wing ofRhopalomyia truncata n. sp., C. 817, X 20 2 Wing of Horhiomyia atlantica n. sp., C. 815, X 13 3 Wing ofBremia filicis Felt, C. 397, X 20 4 Wing of Aphidoletcs hamamelidis Felt, C. 401, X 20 5 Wing of H o r momy i a tubicola O. S., C. 31450, X 20 6 Wing ofContarinia pyrivora Riley, C. 790, X 20 496 Plate 37 PLATE 38 497 1 Wing ofDentifibula caryae Felt, C. 332b, X 20 2 Wing of Giardomyia photophila Felt, C. 323, X 20 3 Wing of Lobopteromyia abdominalis n. sp., C. 16, X 20 4 Wing of Lobopteromyia tiliae Felt, C. 25, X 20 5 Wing of Mycodiplosis alternata Felt, C. 209, X 20 6 Wing of Clinodiplosis coryli Felt, C. 216, X 20 7 Wing of K a r s h o m y i a v i b u r n i Felt, C. 219, X 20 8 Wing ofLobodiplosis acerina Felt, C. 269, X 20 498 Plate 38 PLATE 39 499 1 Wing of C (J I p o d i a t r i f o 1 i i Felt, C. 455, X 20 2 Wing of P o r r i c o n d y 1 a h a ni a t a Felt, a 1626, X 20 3 Wing ofHoIoneurns altifilus Felt, C. 398, X 20 4 Wing of J o h n s o n 0 m y i a rubra n. sp., C. 826, X 15 5 Wing of Porricondyla Carolina Felt, ai625, X 20 6 Wing ofAsynapta cerasi Felt, C. 236, X 20 7 Wing of D i r h i z a canadensis n. sp., C. 952, X 15 8 Wing of Porricondyla f 1 a v a Felt, C. 151, X 20 9 Wing of W i n n e r t z i a a m p e 1 o p h i 1 a Felt, C. 450, X 20 Plate 39 PLATE 40 1 Genitalia of Lobodiplosis quercina Felt, C. 271, X 260 2 Genitalia of Lobodiplosis acerina Felt, C. 243, X 260 502 Plate 40 i:J^i^. PLATE 41 503 1 Genitalia of Kar shorn yia viburni Felt, n. sp., C. 89, X 260 2 Genitalia of Y o u n g o m y i a r u b i d a n. sp., C. 423, X 260 504 Plate 41 PLATE 42 S05 1 Genitalia ofClinodiplosis caryae Felt, C. 331, X 260 2 Genitalia of Obolodiplosis orbiculata Felt, C. 180, X 260 506 Plate 42 PLATE 43 507 1 Genitalia ofColpodia carolinae Felt, C. ai624, X 260 2 Genitalia ofColpodia longimana n. sp., C. 830, X 260 508 Plate 43 PLATE 44 509 1 Genitalia ofPorricondyla pini Felt, C. 221, X 260 2 Genitalia of Porricondyla hamata Felt, C. ai626, X 260 510 Plate 44 INDEX Abies, Dasyneura canadensis on, Ablabcsmyia. 270. Acarina, 130. Acarus accris crumena, 123. aenigma, 146. caulis, 135. crataegi vermiculus, 131, 132. semen, 146, 147 serotinac, 140. Acer sp., galls on, 123-24. glabrum, gall on, 119, 124. leucoderme, galls on, 124. 152. negundo, gall on, 119, 124. rubrum, gall on, 120-21, 124. saccharum, galls on, i2:-::3, 12^. spicatum, galls on, 123, 124. See also Maple. Acyphona, 232, 246. vcnusta, see Hrioptera. Adiplosis, 386, 405. Aeschna, 163, 179. sp., 196. Aeschnidae, 173, 174, 252, 260, 263. Agrimonia, Contarinia agrimoniae on, 381, 392. eupatoria, Contarinia agri- moniae on, 302. Agrostis vulgaris, Dasyneura graminis on, 336. Alder, Dasyneura serrulatae on, 336. black, Lasioptera cinerea on, 320. European, galls on, 125. mountain, Erineum alnigenum on, 125. smooth, gall on, 126. speckled, galls on, 125-26. Allorhina nitida, 42. Alnus, Dasyneura serrulatae on, 336. alnobetula, gal! on, 125. glutinosa?, gall on, 125, 126. Alnus (continued) incana, galls on, 125-26. rugosa, gall on, 126, 134. Alona, 179. Amalopis, 225, 226, 242, 245. inconstans, 209, 225, 242. Ambrosia beetles, 51. Amelanchier, Hormomyia cana- densis on, 381, 388. canadensis, gall on, 126. rotundifolia, gall on, 12O. Ampelopsis, gall on, 127. Amphineura, 237. Amphipods, 183-86. Anisinckia, Schizomyia macrofila on, 372, 379- lycopsoides, Asphondylia macro- fila on, 297. Amygdalus pcrsicae, gall on, 127. Anasa tristis, 50. Anatopynia, 270, 271. plumipes, 271. Anax Junius, 196. Ancylus nubeculana, 28-3 r. Anemone, tall, gall on, 127. Anemone canadense, Dasyneura anemone on, 292, 336, 343, 345. virginiana, gall on, 127. Anisomera, 243, 247. Anisomerini, 243, 247. Anisopleura, 259. Anisoptera, 251, 253, 256, 257, 250, 260, 262, 263. Anisota rubicunda, 7, 13-21, 22, 27. Antennaria, Asphondylia anten- nariae on, 372, 377. Rhopalomyia antennariae on, 356, 367. Rhopalomyia pilosa on, 356, 366, 367. Anthomyiidae, 171. Antlered maple caterpillar, 21-23. Antocha, 169, 243, 248. opalizans, 170, 205-6. 5J NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Antochini, 243, 247. Aphidoletes, 306, 385, 394, 396; key to species, 396. basalis, 38'4, 397. borealis, 397. cucumeris, 383, 397. flavida, 397. fulva, 397- hamamelidis, 397. marginata, 397. marina, 397. meridionalis, 384, 397. recurvata, 397. Aphids, 35. Aphis, rosy, 53. Aphis pomi, 53. Apis, 381. Apocynum, Cecidomyia apocyni on, 382, 414. Lestodiplosis apocyniflorae on, 382. Apple aphids, 51. Apple bark louse, 51, 53. Apple leaf folder, 28-31. Apple maggot, 33-34, 53- Apple plant lice, 53. Apple worm, lesser, 32-33. Apple, gall on, 141. Apple tree, injurious insects : June beetle, green, 43. linden moth, snow-white, 25, 27. Apple tree caterpillar, red-humped, 31-32, 52. yellow-necked, 52. Apricot trees, June beetle, injur- ing, 43- Aquatic insects, 8. Arbor-vitae, gall on, 148. Archips .argyrospila, 46. sorbiana, 45. Argia, 259. violacea, 198. Arilus cristatus, 53. Aristolochia macrophylla (sipho), gall on, 127. Arnoldia, 336, 339; key to species, 340. absobrina, 289, 3^7, 340. cerasi, 340. Arnoldia (continued) fraxinifolia, 289, 337, 340. hispida, 290, 340. minor, 290, 340. ungulata, 290, 340. vitis, 290-91, 339, 340. Aronia nigra, gall on, 127. Arrowwood, galls on, 150. Arsenate of lead, 16. Arsenical poisons, 30, 40. Artemisia sp., gall on, 127. .Asphondylia artemisiae on, -^72, 377- Rhopalomyia alticola on, 356, 367. tridentata, Diarthronomyia arte- misiae on, 336, 340. Arthrocnodax, 386, 403-4; key to species, 403-4. acerina, 404. apiphila, 301, 381, 404. fenestra, 404. filicis, 404. fraxini, 404. incisa, 403. m;icrotila, 404. obscura, 404. rhoina, 384, 404. rufa, 403. sambucifolia, 384, 404. sylvestris, 403. Asclepias, Lestodiplosis asclepiae on, 382, 409. Ncolasioptera asclepiae on, 318, 332. Ash, Arnoldia fraxinifolia on, 289, 337- Dasyneura apicatus on, 337, 345. fraxinifolia on, 293, 337, 341. tumidosae on, 337, 346. galls on, 134, 147, 153. Lasioptera fraxinifolia on, 319, 327. Lestodiplosis fraxinifolia • on, 383. Aspen, galls on, 136, 137-38. Asphondylia, 305, 307, 375, 378, 380; key to species, 376. altifila, see Schizomyia. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQOJ 513 Asphondylia (continued) antennariae, 372, 277- arizonensis, 294, S73, 378. artemisiae, 372, 277. atriplicis, 373, 377. auripila, 294-95, 373, 37^- autumnalis, 373, 377. azaleae, 295, 373, 376. baroni, 377. betheli, 373, 376. brevicauda, 295, 376. bnmeliae, 296, 373, 376. carpini, see Dasyneura. ceanothi, 377. conspicua, 373, 377. diervillae, 373, 377. florida, 374, 376. fulvopedalis, 376. globosus, 373, 377. gntierreziae, see Rhopalomyia. helianthiflorae, 373, 376. hydrangeae, 296, 373, 377. ilicoides, 296-97, 373, 377. integrifoliae, 374, 376. johnsoni, 374, 377. macrohla, 297. See also Schizomyia. monacha, 291, 317, 321, 334, 373, 374, 376. multifila, see Cincticornia. opuntiae, 373, 377- rubi, see Schizomyia. salictaria, 297-98, 374, 377. sambuci, 374, 377. siccae, 374, 376. smilacinae, 298, 374, 376. sobrina, see Cincticornia. transversa, 380. See also Cincticornia. vernoniae, 374, 377. Asphondyliariae, 305, 308, 372. Asphondylid galls, 372. Aspidiotus perniciosus, 34-36, 50, 52. uvae, Dentifibula cocci on, 382, 389. Aster, Asphondylia monacha on, 373- Baldratia, asterifoliae on, 318. divaricata on, 330. Aster (continued) flavomaculata on, 318, 329. fuscoanulata on, 318, 329. laeviana on, 318, 330. paniculata on, 318, 328, 329. pustulata on, 318, 328. squarrosae on, 329. Choristoneura helena on, 288. Lasioptera dorsimaculata on, 325. Neolasioptera albitarsis on, 318. ramuscula on, 318, 333. Rhopalomyia astericaulis on, 357, 365. asteriflorae on, 298, 357, 366. lateriflori on, 357, 364, 365. Asynapta, 415, 420; key to species, 420. antennaria, sec Asphondylia. canadensis, 421. caudata, 421. cerasi, 421. flavida, 421. furcata, 420. photophila, 421. saliciperda, 421. Atarba, 247. picticornis, 205. Atrichopogon, 265. Atriplex, Asphondylia atriplicis on, 373, 377- canescens, Lasioptera willistoni on, 318. Audibertia, Rhopalomyia audiber- tiae on, 299, 357, 368. Avena, Coquillettomyia texana on, 382. Azalea, Asphondylia azaleae on, 29s, 373, 376. Hormomj'ia consobrina on, 299. Baccharis, Rhopalomyia baccharis on, 357, 364, 365. californica on, 357, 364, 366. Baetinae, 174. Baetis, 169, 170, 188. posticatus, 189-90. Bag worm, 54, 55. 514 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Baldratia, 317, 322, 328; key to species, 328. abnormis, 321, 329. albomacuiata, 321, 328. asterifoliae, 318, 321. canadensis, 322, 329. carbonifera, 321, 328. convoluta, 321, 329. divaricata, 330. flavoanulata, 321, 329. flavolunata, 321, 330. flavomaculata, 318, 329. flavoscuta, 328. fuscoanulata, 318, 329. laeviana, 318, 330. modesta, 319, 328, 329. muhlenbergiae, 319, 329. paniculata, 318, 328, 329. petiolicola, 322, 328. pustulata, 318, 328. rosea, 321, 328. rubra, 321, 329. socialis, 321, 328. squamosa, 319. squarrosae, 329. tuberculata, 329. Bark louse, scurfy, 53. Barley, Mayetiola destructor on, 357. Basswood, Bryocrypta pectinata on, 304. gall on, 148. Lasioptera palustris on, 322. spinulae on, 322. Lobopteromyia apicalis on, 390. tiliae on, 390. Neolasioptera hamata on, 322. tiliaginea on, 322, 332. Batoneus populi, 138. Bedstraw, Dasyneura galii on, 337, 348. Bee, Arthrocnodax appiphila with, 381. Beech, linden moth injuring, 8, 23, 27. Miastor americana on, 286, 316. American, gall on, 132, 152. European, gall on, 133. Beet leaf miner, 53. Belvosia bifasciata, 16. Berry worm, 38. Betula, galls on, 128-29. Oligotrophus betulae on, 357, 368. Bezzia, 264, 267-68. Bigelovia, Rhopalomyia bige- loviae on, 357, 368. bigelovioides on, 357, 366, 367. Birch, galls on, 128-29. Oligotrophus betulae on, 357. injurious insects: Archips sorbiana, 46. linden moth, snow-white, 27. Birch leaf Bucculatrix, 47. Birds, protection and encourage- ment of, 17-19. Bittacomorpha, 225, 244. clavipes, 210. Bittacus, 220. Bittersweet, Neolasioptera celastri on, 318. Black flies, 171. Blackberry, Camptoneuromyia rubifolia on, 334. Dasyneura rubiflorae on, 338, 343- Lasioptera farinosa on, 321, 323, 325. nodulosa on, 321, 325. Schizomyia rubi on, 379. Blasturus cupidus, 189. Blueberry, Baldratia canadensis on, 322. Dasyneura cyanococci on, 293, 344- gall on, 150. Schizomyia altifila on, 379. Boneset, Brachyneura eupatorii on, 317. Clinorhyncha eupatoriflorae on, 319- Contarinia perfoliata on, 383. Neolasioptera perfoliata on, 319. Bordeaux mixture, 38. Bosmina, 179. Bouncing bet, Lasioptera . juve- nalis on, 321. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 515 Boyeria irene, 258. vinosa, 196. Box elder, Contarinia negundifolia on, 3S3. Brachyneura, 316, 317; key to species, 317. americana, 286, 317. eupatorii, 317. vitis, 317. Brachj^pogon, 264. Bremia, 306, 385, 394, 396; key to species, 395. caricis, 395. cucumeris, see Aphidoletes. filicis, 395. hamamelidis, see Aphidoletes. podophyllae, 395. Brephos infans, 48. Brown tail moth, 7, 50, 52, 53. Brj^ocrj^pta, 417. pectinata, 304. Sec also Colpodia. Bucculatrix canadensisella, 47. Buglevveed, Lasioptera Ij-copi on, 320. mitchellae on, 320. Bullhead, food, 172-74. Bumelia, Asphondylia bumeliae on, 296, 272, 376. Bunchberry, gall on, 131. Butternut, gall on, 135. Buttonbush, galls on, 130. Rhabdophaga cephalanthi on, 336. Cactus, Asphondylia arizonensis on, 294, 2,7'2'- betheli on, ^7^. opuntiae on, 2i72>- Caddis flies, 8, 163, 170, i7(i-77, 178. Caenis, 161, 178. 188. allecta, 192. diminuta, 178, 192. Callibaetis hageni, 189. Calopteryx, 258. aequabilis, 197. maculata, 197. Calosoma caliduni, 22. Caiycophthora populi, 138. Camptocladius, 282. aterimus, 282. fumosus, 284. Camptoneuromyia, 317, 321, 322, 334; key to species, 334- adhesa, 317, 334. fulva, 334. hamamelidis, 334. rubifolia, 334. virginica, 334. Campylomyza, 311, 312, 313; key to species, 313. acerifolia, see Lestremia. articulosa, 315. balsamicola, 315. barlowi, 316. boulderi, 314. brevicornis, 314. bryanti, 313. carolinae, see Joanissia. carpini, 314. cerasi, 316. currei, 315. defectiva, 314. dilatata, 316. flavoscuta, 313. gibbosa, 316. gilletti, 314. graminea, 315. hesperia, 315. hirsuta, 315. karnerensis, 315. kasloensis, 314. latipennis, 314, 315. leguminicola, 315. lignivora, 314, 315. longipennis, 314. luna, 313. modesta, 316. photophila, see Joanissia. pinicorticis, 315. pomiflorae, 315. pomifolia, 315. populi, 315. producta, 315. silvana, 314. simulator, 314. sylvestris, 313. texana, 316. toxicodendri, 314. 5i6 XEW YORK ETATE MUSEUM Campylomyza (continued) tsiigae, 314. tuckeri, 316. versicolor, 314. vitinea, 314. Campylomyzariac, 306, 307, 311. Canker worms, 50. Carya, Cincticornia caryae on, 373. Clinodiplosis caryae on, 382. Hormomyia arcuaria on, 382, caryae on, 382. holotricha on, 382. thompsoni on, 382. tubicola on, 382. Mycodiplosis holotricha on, 382. Schizomyia caryaecola on, ^,73. Trotteria caryae on, 318. Carya olivaeformis, gall on, 152. Castanea sativa, gall on, 130. Catalpa, Cecidomyia catalpae on, 382, 414. Catocha, 308; key to species, 309. americana, 308, 309. muscicola, 309. sambuci, see Lestremia. slossonae, 308, 309. solidaginis, see Lestremia. spiraeina, see Lestremia. sylvestris, see Lestremia. Cattleya gigas, Clinodiplosis cat- tleyae on, 382, 411, 412. Ceanothiis, Asphondylia ceanothi on, 377. Cincticornia ceanothi on, 373. Cecidobia salicicola, 147. Cecidomyia, 386, 412-15; key to species, 412-15. acarivora, 53. See also Mycodiplosis. acerina, see Arthrocnodax. acernea, sec Clinodiplosis. agraria, 413. alticola, see Rhopalomyia. americana, 413. angulata, see Mycodiplosis. antennariae, see Rhopalomyia. antennata, 414. anthophila, see Rhopalomyia. apicalis, 413. Cecidomyia (continued) apocyni, 382, 414. asteris, see Lestodiplosis. canadensis, 394. carolinae, see Lestodiplosis. carpini, see Clinodiplosis. caryae, see Clinodiplosis; Hor- momyia. catalpae, 382, 414. cerasifolia, 302. Sec also Mycodiplosis. clavula, see Lasioptera. claytoniae, 415. coryli, see Clinodiplosis. destructor, see Mayetiola. emarginata, 413. eupatorii, sec Lestodiplosis. excavationis, 415. expHcata, 413. farinosa, sec Lasioptera. filicis, 385. Sec also Arthrocnodax. flavomarginata, sec Lestodiplosis. flavoscuta, 415. floricola, 302, 386, 403. foliora, 384, 415. fragariae, 413. fraxini, see Arthrocnodax. hicoriae, see Lestodiplosis. hirtipes, see Rhopalomyia. holotricha, see Hormomyia. hudsoni, 414. incisa, sec Arthrocnodax. infirma, 413. juniperina, see Lestodiplosis. karnerensis, 386, 404. . See also Odontodiplosis. lobata, 386, 405. macrofila, 302-3. See also Arthrocnodax. multifila, sec Dichrodiplosis. negundinis, 394. nixoni, 414. obesa, 386, 410. orbiculata, 386, 411. paucitili, 413. perocculta, sec Mayetiola. photophila, 386. See also Giardomyia. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 517 Cecidomyia (continued) pilulae, see Cincticornia. piperitae, 303. quercina, 414. See also Dichrodiplosis. racemicola, see Rhopalomyia. ramuscLila, see Neolasioptera. recurvata, 413. resinicola, 383, 412, 414. rigidae, see Mayetiola. rubraicuta, see Clinodiplosis. rugosa, see Lestodiplosis. ruricola, 413. sambuci, see Neolasioptera. sanguinia, 413. scrophulariae, 303. See also Lestodiplosis. setariae, 303-4, 414. setigera, 394. spiraeaflorae, 282, 384, 414. subtruncata, see Clinodiplosis. sylvestris, see Arthrocnodax. tecomiae, 384, 414. terrestris, 413. tolhurstae, 414. toxicodendri, 386, 405. triangularis, see Lestodiplosis. tritici, 385, 414. tsugae, see Lestodiplosis. tubicola, see Hormomyia. urticae, 400. urtifolia, 385, 414. viburni, 385. Cecidomyiidae, g, 51, 53; new species, 50, 286; studies in, 286- 335; circumiili of, 305-7; keys to subfamilies and tribes, 307. Cecidomyiinae, 305, 307. Celastrus, Neolasioptera celastri on, 318. Celery blight and scale, 50. Celithemis, 255. Celtis, RLiyetiola celtiphyllia on, 357, 371. occidentalis, gall on, 130. Cephalantlms, Rhabdophaga ceph- alanthi on, 336, 355. occidentalis, galls on, 130. Cephaloneon, 148. Cerasi crumena, 139. Ceratopogon, 264, 265-66. barbicornis, 265. bipunctatus, 265. communis, 265. eques, 266, 303. ornata, 267. peregrinus, 169, 266, 284. specularis, 266. Ceratopogoninae, key to, 264. Chasmatonotus, key to species, 274. bimaculatus, 274. fascipennis, 274. hyalinus, 274. unimaculatus, 274. univittatus, 274. Cherry tree, Contarinia virginianiae on, 383, 392. galls on, 139. Lasioptera serotina on, 320, 326. Lestodiplosis cerasi on, 383, 407. Mycodiplosis cerasifolia on, 383, 400. Neolasioptera sexmaculata on, 320. injurious insects: Archips sor- biana, 46. peach borer, lesser, 32. Chestnut, Miastor americana on, 286, 316. injurious insects: linden moth, snow-white, 25, 27. peach borer, lesser, 32. Chestnut, European, gall on, 130. Chionaspis furfura, 35, 50, 51, 52, 53- Chionea valga, 207. Cliironomidae, 8, 170, 171, 178, 183- 86, 187, 264-85, 306. Chironominae, 274. Chironomus, 169. 171; key to species, 276-78. albimanus, 284. albistria, 278, 281. annularis, 277. attenuatus, 277. barbipes, 279. brachialis, 280, 284. 5i8 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Chironomus {continued) caliginosus, 277, 279. calopterus, 276. compes, 277. confinis, 281. connexus, 281. cristatus, 277, 279. decorus, 279. devinctus, 279, 284. dorsalis, 284. exquisitus, 276. fascipes, 278. flaviventris, 278. frequens, 280, 284. hirtipes, 278, 280, 284. liypcrboreus, 277, 284. ithacanensis, 277, 279. labeculosus, 276. leptopus, 281. lineatus, 280, 284. longimanus, 281. lucifer, 278. lugens, 281. lugubris, 281. maturus, 277, 279. modestus, 284. naevus, 276. needhamii, 276, 278, 2S4. nephopterus, 276, 280, 284. nigricans, 284. niveipennis, 277. nubeculosus, 276, 278-79. perpulchcr, 276. plumosus, 277. poecilopterus, 276. prasinus, 277. redeuns?, 277, 279. riparius, 277, 279. scalaeniis, 278. similis, 277, 284. staegeri, 277. stylifera, 278, 281, taeniapennis, 276. tenellus, 2S4. tentans, 277. viridicollis, 187. zonopterus, 276. Chloeon, 188. mendax, 190. vicinum, 190. Chloroperla, 169. bilineata, 170. Chokecherry, Cecidomyia cerasi- folia on, 302. galls on, 127, 140. Choristoneura, 322, 334. abnormis, see Baldratia. albitarsis, see Neolasioptera. albomaculata, see Baldratia. basalis, see Neolasioptera. caryae, see Trotteria. cinera, see Neolasioptera. clematidis, 287-88. See also Neolasioptera. erigerontis, see Neolasioptera. eupatorii, see Neolasioptera eu- patorii. flavolunata, see Baldratia. hamanielidis, see Neolasioptera. hamata, see Neolasioptera. Helena (Neolasioptera), 288. helianthi, 288-89. See also Neolasioptera. hibisci, see Neolasioptera hibisci. laeviana. see Baldratia. liriodendri, see Neolasioptera. modesta, see Baldratia. panicnlata, see Baldratia. perfoliata, see Neolasioptera. solani, see Neolasioptera. Choroterpes, 188. basalis, 192. betteni, 194. Chrosomus erythrogastcr, food of, 183-86. Chrysops vittatus, 171. Chydorus, 179. Cicada, periodical, 48. Cincticornia, 306, 375, 379; key to species, 380. americana, 374, 3S0, 381. canadensis, 380. caryae, 373, 380. ceanothi, 373. connecta, 381. multifila, 380. pilulae, 374, 380, 381. quercifolia, 374, 380. rhoina, 381. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 519 Cincticornia (continued) serrata, 374, 380. sobrina, 380, 381. transversa, 380. Cinquefoil, prairie, gall on, 138. Circumfili of the Cecidomyiidae, 305-7- Citrus aurantium, gall on, 130. medica limon, gall on, 131. Cladocera, 176-77, 179. Cladolipes, 227. Cladoneura, 229. Cladura, 242, 245. Classification of Tipulidae or cranefiies, 239. Clematis, Contarinia clematidis on, 382, 393- Dasyneura clematidis on, 336, 344. 345- Lestodiplosis clematiflorae on, 382, 409. Neolasioptera clematidis on, 318, 331. sp., gall on, 131. virginiana, Choristoneura clemati- dis on, 288. Dasyneura clematidis on, 336. Clinodiplosis, 386, 411; key to species, 411. acernea, 411. carpini, 412. carj'-ae, 382, 411. cattleyae, 382, 411, 412. coryli, 411. extensa, 412. florida, 411. montana, 412. pratensis, 412. rubisol-ita, 412. rubrascuta, 411. subtruncata, 412. triangularis, 411. Clinorh3'ncha, 322, 333; key to spe- cies, 333. chrysanthemi, 333. eupatoriflorae, 319, 333. filicis, 319, 333- karnerensis, 321, 333. millefolii, 318, 333- Closterium, 181. Clover, Dasyneura leguminicoia on, 338, 349> 350. trifolii on, 338, 348. Clover, red, Rhabdophaga praten- sis on, 353. Clover hay worm, 45. Cnidocampa flavescens, 52, 53. Collection of insects, contributions to, 56-60. Colomyia, 420. Colpodia, 415, 416, 417; species, 416. aha, 416. carolinac, 417. diervillae, 417. graminis, 416. longimana, 416. maculata, 416. pectinata, 417. pinea, 416. pratensis, 416. sanguinia, 416. temeritatis, 416. terrena, 416. ' ^ trifolii, 417- Comptonia, Janetiella asplenifolia on, 357, 372. Conosia, 225, 226, 230, 233, 23^1, 242. Contarinia, 306, 385, 389, 39o; key to species, 391. agrimoniae, 302, 381, 392. ampelophila, 393. ananassi, 384, 392. balsamifera, 393. clematidis, 382, 393. divaricata, 392. erratica, 391. flavolinea, 392. gossypii, 383, 392. hudsonici, 393- liriodendri, 383, 393. maculosa, 393. negundifolia, 383, 394. perfoliata, 383, 39i- pyrivora, 384, 393. quercifolia, 384, 391. rumicis, 384, 392. sambucifolia, 392. setigera, 383. ';20 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Contarinia {continued) sorghicola, 384, 393. trifolii, 391. truncata, 393. viatica, 393. virginianiae, 383, 392. viridiflava, 392. Convolvulus, Lasioptera convolvuli on, 318, 326. Copepoda, 176-77, 178, 179. Coquillettomyia, 398. dentata, 398. lobata, 398. texana, 382, 398. Cordulegaster, 260. sp-, 195. Cordulegasteridae, 263. Cordulia, 261. shurtleffi, 196, 260. Cordulines, 163. Cordylura capillata, 171. Corn, white grubs injuring, 41, 43. Cornus, Arnoldia hispida on, 290. Lasioptera clavula on, 324. corni on, 318, 322, 324. Neolasioptera cornicola on, 310, 332. Cornus canadensis, gall on, 131. Correspondence, 11. Corylus, Dasyneura coryli on, ^li^, 342, 344- Mycodiplosis corylifolia on, 382. Neolasioptera basalis on, 318. hamamelidis on, 318. Corylus americana, gall on, 131. Corynoneura, 274. atra, 274, 284. Cotoneaster pyracantha, gall on, 131- Cotton, Contarinia gossypii on, 383, 392. Cotton band, 39. Crab apple. American, gall on, 141. Cranberry, Dasyneura vaccinii on, 339. 345- Crane flies, 161, 199-248; biblio- graphy, 201; classification, 239; key to genera, 244-48. Crataegi vermiculus, 131, 132. Crataegus, Arnoldia absobrina on, 289, 537- galls on, 131-32. Hormomyia crataegifolia on, 382, 388. Lasioptera excavata on, 287, 319, 323, 327. Lestodiplosis crataegifolia on, 382, 408. florida on, 382. See also Thorn. Crawfish, food, 174. Cricotopus bicinctus, 284. trifasciatus, 284. Cryptolabis, 233, 261. paradoxa, 221. Cryptorhynchus lapathi, 54. Culicidae, 169, 170, 171. Culicoidts, 264, 267. hippocastani, 267. punctata, 267. Currant, Mayetiola californica on, 357. Cyanophyceae, i8r. Cylindrotoma, 244. Cylindrotomini, 227, 230, 241, 242, 243, 244. Cvpress, Contarinia ananassi on, 384. Cyttarornyia, 231. Dactylocladius, 282. Dapanoptera, 237. Dasyneura, 307, 336, 339, 340, 368; key to species, 341. aberrata, 346. acerifolia, 346, 348. adhesa, 291. See also Camptoneromyia. albohirta, 346. ampelophila, 343. anemone, 292, 3^6, 343, 345. angusta, 348. antennata, 347. apicatus, 337, 345. attenuata, 350. aurihirta, 342. bidentata, 341. borealis, 342. brevicauda, 343. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 521 Dasj-neura (continued) californica, 338, 347. canadensis, 336, 347, 350. carbonaria, 338, 341. caricis, 345. carpini, 342. cerasi, see Arnoldia. cirsioni, 346. clematidis, 336, 344, 345- consobrina, 350. coryli, 292, 336, 34-2> 344- cyanococci, 292-93, 344. denticulata, 347. filicis, 344. fiavescens, 344. flavicornis, 345. flavoabdomiualis, 350. flavoscuta, 350. flavotibialis, 339, 341. florida, 346. folliculi, 338, 34S. fraxinifolia, 293. 337, 34 1, 343- fulva, 349. galii, 337, 348- glandis, 337, 34^- gleditschiae, 337, 347- graminis, 336, 342. hamamelidis, see Camptoneu- romyia. karnerensis, 341. leguminicola, 338, 347, 349, 35o. lepidii, 337, 346- lysimachiae, 3^7, 349, 350- maculosa, 341. melilotii, 350. modesta, 345. multianulata, 346. pedalis, 350. photophila, 343. piperitae, 337, 342- pseudacaciae, 337, 347, 348- pudorosa, 344. purpurea, 337, 349. quercina, 345. rhodophaga, 3J7, 34i- rhois, 337, 346, 349- rosarum, 337, 348- rubiflorae, 338, 343- rufipedalis, 349. Dasyneura (continued) salicifolia, 293, 338, 348, 350. scutata, 346. serrulatae, 336, 351. setosa, 343. similis, 346. simulator, 344. spiraeina, 341. trifolii, 338, 344, 348. tumidosae, 337, 34^- ulmea, 339, 349. unguicula, 344. vaccinii, 339, 345- vernalis, 341. virginica, see Camptoneuromyia. vitis, 339, 341- yuccae, 339, 343- Dasyneuriariae, 308, 335; key to genera, 339; host plants and galls. 336. Dasyptera, 243. Dasystoma tiava, gall on, 132. Datana ministra, 52. Dentifibula, 385, 389, 390; key to species, 389. caryae, 389. cocci, 382, 389. viburni, 389. Desniidium, 181. Desmids, 181. Desmodium, Lasioptera desmodii on, 319. Diaptomus, 182. Diarthronomyia, 339. artemisiae, 336, 339. Diatoms, 182. Diazoma, 242. Dichrodiplosis, 38.^ 30|; key to species, 394. androgynes, 394. multifila, 300, 394. podophyllae, 386, 399. See also Youngomyia. populi, 383, 394- quercina, 300-1, 384, 394- Dicronomyia, 169, 228, 231, 235, 243, 247, 248. badia, 204. cinerea, 228, 248. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Dicronomyia {coiifiintcd) defuncta, 170. • immodesta, 228. longipennis, 248. morioides, 204. simulans, 205; life history of, 214-17. whartoni, 211-12, 228, 248. Dicranoptycha, 247. Dicranota, 213, 231, 242, 245. Didymops, 257, 260, 261. transversa, 196. Diervilla, Asphondylia diervillae on, 372, 377- Lasioptera caulicola on, 319, 325. Diospyros virginiana, gall on, 132. Diotrepha, 231, 234, 243. Diplocladius, 282. Diplopappns, Neolasioptera albi- tarsis on, 318, 319, 333'. Diplosariae, 308, 381 ; hosts and host plants of, 381-8=; ; key to genera, 385-86. Diplosids, 305, 306. Diplosis cucumeris, sec Aphido- letes. farinosa, see Lasioptera. violicola, see Maj'Ctiola. Diptera, 170, 199-248. Dirhiza, 415, 419. 420; key to species, 419. canadensis, 420. hamata, 419. montana, 420. multiarticulata, 420. photophila, 420. sylvestris, 419. Discobola, 232, 247. argus, 204. Dixa, 236. Dock, Contarinia rumicis on. 384. Dogbane, Lestodiplosis apocyni- florae on, 382, 409. Dogwood, Lasioptera corni on, 318. Dolichopeza, 211, 233. americana, 211. Dolichopezinae, 240. Dolichopodidae, 169, 171. Dolichopus scoparius, 171. Doryphora decimlineata, 55. Dragon flies, 173, 174, 176; at Old Forge, 195-98; appendages, 249- 63; bibliography, 263. Dromogomphus spinosus, 195. Dutchman's pipe, gall on, 127. Edonis helena, 250. Elder, Arthrocnodax sambucifnlia on, 384. Asphondylia sambuci on, 374. gall on, 119, 147. Neolasioptera sambuci on, 32 1. Elephantomyia, westwoodi, 205, 247. Elliptera, 243, 247. Elm, Dasyneura ulmea on. 339, 349- galls on, 149-50. linden moth injuring, 24, 27. Mayetiola ulmi on, 358. Elm leaf beetle, 6, 9, 39, 52, 53, 54. Elodes virginica, gall on, 149. Empeda, 231, 246. Empididae, 169. 171. Enallagma exsulans, 198. hageni, 198. EnarmOnia prunivora, 32-33. Ennomos subsignarius, 8, 23-28. Entomostraca, 178, 179, 182, 183- 86, 187. Ephedra, Lasioptera ephedricola on, 319, 326, 327. Ephelia, 232. Epliemera, 178. varia, 193. Ephemerella, i6r, 169, 188. dorothea, 170, 189, 190-91. Ephemeridac, 188-94. Epiaeschna, 256. Epidiplosis, 386, 406-7. sayi, 386, 406. Epidosariae, 306, 308, 415; key to genera, 415. Epiphragma, 231, 245. fascipennis, 201. Epitrimerus pyri, 141. Epizeuxis aeniula, 45. denticulalis, 45. lubricalis, 45. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 523 Eragrostis, Neolasioptera agrostis on, 331. Erigeron, Baldratia modesta on, 319, 328, 329. Neolasioptera erigerontis on, 319, 332- Erineum, on Acer, key to, 124. acerinum, 120, 123, 124. alneum, 125. alnigerum, 125, 126. alni-incani, 126. anomalum, 135. aureum, 129, 137. betulinum, 128, 129. fagincum, 132, 133. ferrugineum, 132, 133. griseum, 122. juglandinum, 136. lineola, 128. luteolum, 120, 121, 122, 124. nervisequum, 133. platanoideum, 122, 124. populinum, 137. pruni, 140. purpurascens, 122, 123, 124. pyracanthae, 131. quercinum, 143. quercus-cinereae, 143. roseum, 122, 128. semydophiluni, 129. sorbeum, 147. tortuosa, 125. vitis, 150, 151. Eriocera, 229, 247. Eriophyes, 130. sp., 151. abnormis, 148, 151. acericola, 121, 123, 124, 152. acnigma, 146, 147. avellanae, 131. brevitarsus, 125. caulis, 135. cephalanthi, 130. crataegi, 132. fraxini, 134. fraxiniflora, 134- laevis, 126. nialifoliae, 141. marginatus, 144, i47- Eriophyes (contiinicd) nyssae, 136. oleivorus, 130. padi, 139. phloeocoptes, 139. populi, 138. pruni, 138. purpurascens, 152. pyri, 141, 153. variolata, 141. quadripes, 120, 121, 124. querci, 142. ryderi, 124. salicola, 144, 145. 140, -47- semen, 146, 147. serotinae, 140. similis, 141. tetanothrix laevis, 145, 147. tetratrichus, 138. thujae, 148. tristriatus, 136. ulmi, 149. vitis, 151. Erioptera, 246. arniata, 221. caloptera, 221. chlorophylla, 161, 221. venusta, 222. * Eriopterinae, 242. Eriopterini, 225, 230, -235. Eupatorium ageratoides, Lestodi- plosis eupatorii on, 38.', 410. Neolasioptera eupatorii on, 319^ 333- perfoliatum Clinorhyncha eupatoriflorae on, 319,-333- Contarinia perfoliata on, 383, 391- Neolasioptera perfoliata on, 319, 332. purpureum, Dasyneura purpurea on, 337. Euphorbia coroUata, gall on, 132. Euproctis chrysorrhoea, 50, 52, 53. Euthamia lanceolata, Asphondylia monacha on, 374, 376- Baldratia carbonifera on, 321, 328. 524 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Euthamia lanceolata {continued) Lasioptera flavescens on, 321. Rhopalomyia fusiformis on, 358, 364, 365, 366. lanceolata on, 358, 367, 368. lobata on, 358, 366. pedicellata on, 358, 365, 366. Everlasting, Asohondylia anten- nariae on, 372. Explanation of plates, 423. Fagus americana, gall on 132, 152. sylvatica, gall on, 133. Fern, Clinorhynchus filicis on, 319, ZZ2- Lobopteromyia consobrina on, 390. filicis on, 390. Fidia viticida, 36-38, 52, 54. Fiery ground beetle, 22. Fig eater, 42. Figs, June beetle injuring, 43. Figures and plates of: Amalopis sp. , 472. calcar, 472. inconstans, 472. Amphineurus australica, 460. Ancylus nubeculana, 426. Anisomera megacera, 474. Anisota rubicunda, 15, 424. Antocha opalizans, 480. Aphidoletes hamamelidis, 396, 496. Asphondylia monacha, 375, 494. Asynapta cerasi, 500. Atarba picticornis, 480. Baldratia fuscoanulata, 490. Bittacomorpha clavipes, 452. Brachyncura americana, 488. Bremia filicis, 395, 496. Camptoneuromyia adhesa, 490. Campylomyza bryanti, 488. carpini, 488. lignivora, 313. Catocha americana, 309. slossonae, 488. Choroterpes betteni, 442. Cincticornia transversa, 379, 494. Cladoneura willistoni, 466. Cladura indivisa, 466. Figures and plates of: {continued) Clinodiplosis caryae, 506. coryli, 498. Clinorhyncha millefolii, 490. Colpodia carolinae, 508. longimana, 508. trifolii, 500. Conosia irroratus, 4O4. Contarinia pyrivora, 391, 496. Cryptolabis paradox, 482. Ctenophora sp., 454. Cylindrotoma distinctissima, 452. Cyttaromyia cancellata, 452. Dapanoptera plenipennis, 478. Dasyneura bidentata, 492. flavotibialis, 492. photophila, 492. trifolii, 492. Dentifibula caryae, 498. Diarthronomyia artemisiae, 490. Dicranomyia cinerea, 476. immodesta, 476. simulans, 216, 217, 444. whartoni, 476. Dicranoptycha germana, 476. Dicranota rivularis, 460. Dioptrepha mirabilis, 480. Dirhiza canadensis, 500. hamata, 419. Discobola argus, 478. Dolichopeza americana, 454. Dragon flies, 250, 251, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260. Edonis Helena, 250. Elephantomyia westwoodi, 480. Empeda nubila, 482. Ennomos subsignarius, 424. Ephemerella dorothea, 442. Epiphragma fascipennis, 201. 460, 484, 486. Eriocera longicornis, 474. Erioptera armata, 468. caloptera, 468. septemtrionis, 46S. venusta, 468. villosa, 468. Eutonia barbipes, 462. Geranomyia canadensis, 476. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 5^5 Figures and plates of: {continued ) Giardoniyia photophila, 498. Goniodineura nigriceps, 478. Goniomyia blanda, 470. cognatella, 470. sulphurella, 470. Gonphomyia tristissima, 470. GynopHstia wakefieldi, 462. Habrophlebia vibrans, 442. Helobia punctipennis, 470. Hetennynia ryderi, 163. Holoneurus altifilus, 500. Hormomyia americana, 387. atlantica, 496. tubicola, 496. Idioplasta fitchi, 452. Janetiella asplenifoHa, 494. nodosa, 494. Joanissia photophila, 312, 488. Johnsonomyia rubra, 500. Karshomyia viburni, 399, 498, 504. Lechria singularis, 460. Lestodiplosis crataegifolia, 490. Lestremia sylvestris, 488. Leucobrephos brephoides, 426. Libnotes notata, 478. thwaitesianana, 478. Limnobia cinctipes, 482. Limnophila adusta, 458. brevifurca, 450. fuscovaria, 458. montana, 448. munda, 458. poetica, 458. quadrata, 458. toxoneura, 458. Liogma nodicornis, 452. Lipsothrix remota, 462. Lobodiplosis acerina, 498, 502. quercina, 502. Lobopteromyia abdominalis, 498. tiliae, 498. Macrochile spectrum, 450. Mayetiola thalictri, 494. Megistocera fuscana, 454. Microcerata perplexa, 488. Molophilus hirtipennis, 466. Mongoma fragillima, 464. manca, 470. Mycodiplosis alternata, 498. Figures and plates of: (continued) Neolasioptera hibisci, 490. Obolodiplosis orbiculata, 506. Oligotrophus betulae, 494. Orimarga anomala, 450. Oropeza annularis, 454. Ozodicera griseipennis, 456. Palaeopoecilostola sp. ?, 462. Paratropeza singularis, 464. Pedicia albivitta, 201, 474. Penthoptera albitarsis, 446. Peripheroptera nitens, 478. Phalacrocera tipulina, 444. Phyllolabis obscurus, 474. Plectromyia modesta, 482. Plusiomyia gracilis, 456. Podoneura anthracogramma, 464. Poecilostola pallens 462. Polyangaeus maculatus, 472. Polymera albitarsis, 464. Polymorio lutea, 464. Porricondyla Carolina, 500. flava, 500. hamata, 500, 510. pini, 510. Potomanthus diaphanus, 442. Ptilogyna ramicornis, 456. Ptychoptera rufocincta, 452. Raphidolabis tenuipes, 201. Rhabdinobrochus extinctus, 456. Rhabdophaga acerifolia, 492. batatas, 492. consobrina, 492. populi, 492. Rhamphidia flavipes, 450. Rhaphidolabis tenuipes, 448, 460. Riiicnoptila wodzickii, 482. Rhipidia maculata, 476. Rhopalomyia fusiformis, 490. hirtipes, 490. major, 490. truncata, 496. Rhypholophus monticola, 466. nigripilus, 466. nubilus, 446, 460. Sackenomyia acerifolia, 361, 494. Scamboneura dotata, 454. Schizomyia altifila, 378. rubi, 378. viburni, 494. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Figures and plates of: (continued) Semnotes ducalis, 456. Styringomyia sp., 474. Tanyderus pictus, 450. Teucholabis gracilis, 480. Tinemyia margaritifera, 462. Tipula abdominalis, 199. flavicans, 200. tenuis, 454. Tipulidac, 218, 220, 223, 225, 234, 235- Toxorrhina muliebris, 480. Trichocera brumalis? 460. Trimicria pilipes, 474. Trotteria subfuscata, 335. tarsata, 490. Ula sp., 472. clegans, 472. Walshomyia juniperina, 359, 360. Winnertzia ampelophila, 422, 500. calciequina, 422. Xiphura frontalis, 450. Youngomyia rubida, 504. Zalusa falklandica, 482. Figwort, Lestodiplosis scroplnilariae on, 384, 409. Filicis, Clinorhynchus filicis on, 319. Fish food, studies on, 172. Five-finger, gall on' 138. Fleas, 51. Forest insects, 7-8. Forest tent caterpillar, 13, 17. Foxglove, downy false, gall on, 132. Fraxinus, Arnoldia fraxinifolia on, 337- Cecidomyia canadensis on. 394. Dasj'neura apicatus on, 237- fraxinifolia on, 3^7. tumidosae on, 337. galls on, 134, 135. Lasioptera fraxinifolia on, 319. Lestodiplosis fraxinifolia on, 3^3. Frontina frenchii, 16. Fruit tree insects, 5-6, 25, 31-3S. Galerucella luteola, 39, 52, 53, 54. Galium, Dasyneura galii on, 337, 348. Gall gnats, .51. Gall midges, 8-9. Gallinippers, 200. Gammarus, 163. Geranomyia, 248. canadensis, 203, 214. Giardomyia, 386, 405-6; key to species, 4C5-6. emarginata, 405. hudsonica, 406. menthae, 383, 405. montana, 406. noveboracensis, 405. photophila, 405. Gipsy moth, 7, 50, 5:;, 53, 55. Gleditschia, Dasyneura gleditschiae on, 337, 347. Gnophomyia, 246. Goldenrod, Asphondylia johnsoni on, 374- monacha on, 317, 374. Baldratia abnormis on, 321. albomaculata on, 321. asterifoliae on, 321. carbonifera on, 321. convoluta on, 321. flavoanulata on, 321. rosea on, 321. rubra on, 321. socialis on, 321. tuberculata on, 321. Camptoneuromyia adhcsa on, 317. Dasyneura carbonaria on, 338. folliculi on, 338. Lasioptera argentisquamae on, 321. cylindrigalle on, 321. dorsimaculata on, 321. flavescens on, 321. hamata on, 321. subfuscata on, 321. tumifica on, 321. Lestodiplosis solidaginis on, 384. triangularis on; 384. Oligotrophus inquilinus on, 358. Rhopalomyia albipennis on, 358. anthophila on, 358. capitata on, 358. Carolina on, 358. cruziana on, 358. inquisitor on, 358. racemicola on, 358. See also Solidago. Gomphaeschna, 260. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1907 527 Gomphidae, 254, 255, 263. Gomphidia, 258. Gomphoides, 256. stigmatus, 258. Gomphus, 260. sp.?, 195. spicatus, 195. ventricosus, 164, 195. villosipes, 195. Goniodineura, 22jT. Gonomyia, 227, 242, 243, 246. Gossypium, Contarinia gossypii on, 383. Grape root worm, 6, 36-38, 52, 54. Grapevine, Arnoldia vitis injuring, ZZ9- Baldratia petiolicola on, 322, 328. Dasyneura vitis on, 339, 341. galls on, ISO, 151. Janetiella brevicauda on, 359. June beetle injuring, 43. Lasioptera basiflava on, 322. vitis on, 322. Neolasioptera vitinea on, 322, 331, 332. Schizomyia coryloides on, 374, 379. petiolicola on, 374. . pomum on, 374, 379. Grass, Baldratia niuhlenbergiae on, 319, 329- squamosa on, 319. white grubs injuring, 41. Grass, foxtail, Cecidomyia setariae on, 304. Grass, June, Dasyneura graminis on, 342. Green striped maple worm, 7, 13-21, 22, 27. Gryllotalpa borealis, 55. Gutierrezia, Rhopalomyia gutierreziae on, 357, 367, 368. Gynoplistia, 226. Habrophlebia americana, 192. vibrans, 192-93. Hackberry, gall on, 130. Mayetiola celtiphyllia, 357. Haematomyidium, 267. Hagenius brevistylus, 195. Haplobasis, 246. Haw, red, gall on, 131. Hawthorn, large-fruited, gall on, 131-32. Hazel, Archips sorbiana injuring, 46. Dasyneura coryli on, 292, 336. gall on, 131. Mycodiplosis corylifolia on, 301, 382. Neolasioptera basalis on, 318. hamamelidis on, 318. Helenium, Asphondylia autumnalis on, Z7Z, 3,77- Helianthus, Asphondylia conspicua on, 2,73, 2,77- globosus on, 373, 2,77- helianthiflorae on, 373, 376. Choristoneura helianthi on, 289. Lasioptera weldi on, 319, 326. Neolasioptera helianthi on, 319, 332. Heliozoans, 182. Helobia, 229, 231, 246. punctipennis, 171, 207. Helocordulia uhleri, 196. Hemerocampa leucostigma, 17, 38, 52, S2>. Hemerodromia scapularis, 171. valida, 171. Hemiptera, 172. Heptagenia, 161, 169, 170, 188. interpunctata, 193. pulchella, 193. Hessian fly, 8, 369. Heterocampa guttivitta, 21-23. Heteromyia, 264, 269. fasciata, 269. Heteropezinae, 307, 316. Hibiscus, Neolasioptera hibisci on, 320, 22,3- Hickory, Cincticornia caryae on, 373, 380. Clinodiplosis caryae on, 382, 411. Dentifibula caryae on, 389. Hormomyia arcuaria on, 382, 388. caryae on, 382. holotricha on, 382. thompsoni on, 382, 388. tubicola on, 382. linden moth injuring, 25, 27. 528 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Hickory (continued) Mycocliplosis holotricha on, 382. Schizomyia caryaecola on, 373, 37S. Trotteria caryae on, 318. whiteheart, gall on, 135. .yHickory gall aphid, 55. Hicoria alba, gall on, 135. pecan, gall on, 152. Hill collection of Lepidoptera, 10, 57, 61-117. Holoneurus, 415, 420; key to species, 420. altifilus, 420. elongatus, 420. mnltinodus, 420. Holopedium gibberum, 161. Holorusia, 223, 236. Honey locust, Dasyneura gledi- tischiae on, 337. Honeysuckle, Asphondylia diervillae on, 373- Lasioptera caulicola on, 319. Hop, Lasioptera humulicaulis on, 320, 326. Hoplolabis, 231, 232. armata, 232. See also Erioptera. Hordeum, Mayetiola destructor on, 357- Hormomyia, 385, 387 ; key to spe- cies, 387. americana, 305, 387. arcuaria, 382, 388. atlantica, 387. canadensis, 381, 388. caryae, 382, 388. clarkei, 384, 388. consobrina, 299, 387. crataegifolia, 382, 388. holotricha, 382, 389. johnsoni, 299-300, 388. needhami, 387. palustris, 300, 387. thompsoni, 382, 388. tuDicoia, 382, 3SS. Horse-chestnut, linden moth injur- ing, 24, 27. Horseweed, Baldratia modesta on, 319- Neolasioptera erigerontis on, 319. Humulus, Lasioptera humulicaulis on, 320. Hydrangeae, Asphondylia hydrang- eae on, 296, 373, 377. Hydrobaenus, 274. Hydropsyche, 215. Hydropyschidae, 161, 169. Hydroptilidae, 170, 215. Hymenoptera, 219. Hyperdiplosis, 386, 405. lobata, 405. Hypsopygia costalis, 45. Idiophlebia, 232. Idioplasta, 225, 232, 236, 240, 244. fitchi, 210. Ilex, Lasioptera cinerea on, 320, 324. Ilicoides, Asphondylia ilicoides on, 297, 373, 377- Impatiens, Lasioptera impatientifolia on, 320, 323, 324, 327. Mycodiplosis impatientis on, 401. Ironweed, Lasioptera vernoniflorae on, 322. Ischnura verticalis, 198. Ivy, poison, galls on, 144. Janetiella, 359, 371 ; key to species, 37^- acerifolia, 372. americana, 372. asplenifolia, 357, 372. breviaria, 372. brevicauda, 359, 372. brevicornis, 372. nodosa, 372. pini, 372. sanguinea, 372. tiliacea, 371. Joanissia, 311, 312; key to species, 313- carolinae, 313. flavopedalis, 313. flavoscuta, 313. photopmia, 313. Joe pye weed, Dasyneura purpurea on, 337, 349. INDEX TO KEPORT 01 THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 529 Jcliannseniella, 264, 268. argentata, 269. flaviceps, 268. niagnipennis, 268-69, 303. nitidiis, 268. Johnsonomyia, 415, 417; key to spe- cies, 417. fusca, 417. humilis, 417. rubra, 415, 417. Juglans, galls on, 135, 136. June beetle, green, 42. June grass, Dasyneura graminis on, 336. Juneberry, peach borer injuring, ^2. round leaved, gall on, 126. Juniper, Walshomyia juniperina on, 357-. Juniperinus californica, Walshomyia juniperina on, 3S7, 361, 365, 3'^7- Karshomyia, 385, 398. viburni, 398. Lachnosterna fusca, 41. Lactuca, Lasioptera lactucae on, 320. Larrea tridentata, Asphondylia auri- pila on, 29s, 373, 376. Lasioptera, 305, 307, 317, 322, 323; key to species, 324. abhainata, 327. argentisquamae, 321, 324. arizonensis, 321, 325. basiflava, 322, 324. canadensis, see Baldratia. carbonifera, see Baldratia. caulicola, 319, 323, 325. cinerea, 320, 324. clavula, 324. consobrina, 322, 324. convolvuli. 318, 326. corni, 318, 323, 324. cornicola, see Neolasioptera. cylindrigallae, 321, 323, 326. desmodii, 319, 323. 325. dorsimaculata, 321, 325- ephedricola, 319, 326, 327. eupatoriflorae, 287. See also Clinorhyncha. excavata, 287, 319, 323, 327. farinosa, 321, 323. 325. Lasioptera (continued) flavescens, 321, 323, 327. flavipcs, 325. fraxinitolia, 319, 327. hamata, 321, 327. hecate, 326. humulicauiis, 320, 326. impatientifolia, 320, 323, 324, 327. juvenalis, 321, 327. lactucae, 320, 326. linderae, 320, 325. lupini, 326. lycopi, 320, 323, 326. mitchellae, 320, 325. muhlenbergiae, see Baldratia. nassauensis, 324. neofusca, 327. nodulosa, 321, 325. palustris, 322, 325. panici, 320, 326. querciflorae, 320, 323, 325. quercina, 320, 327. querciperda, 320, 324. rubra, see Baldratia. rudbeckiae, 320, 32:^. serotina, 320, 326. spinulae, 322, 325. sr.bfuscata, 321. tubercu.lata, sec Baldratia. tumifica, 321, 323, 327. ? vernoniae, 324. vernoniflorae, 322, 324. viburni, 322, 327. viburnicola, see Neolasioptera. vitinea, see Neolasioptera. vitis. 291, 322, 323, 324, 372. weldi, 319, 326. willistoni, 318. ziziae, 322, 327. Lasiopterariae, 308, 317; host plants and galls, 318; key to genera, 322. Laurel, English, Dichrodiplosis quer- cina on, 301. Leaf feeders, 51. Leather jackets, 200. Lechria, 230. Leeches, red, 162. Leguminous plant, gall on, 136. Lemon, gall on, 131. Leopard moth, 52. 530 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Lepidium, Dasyneura lepidii on, 2iZ'l> 346. Lepidoptera, 219, 234; Hill collec- tion, 57; list of, 61-117. Lepidosaphes ulmi, 35, 51, 53. Leptophlebia, 169, 182, 188, 192. mollis, 189. Lestes, 259. vigilax, 197-98. Lestodiplosis, 386, 407-10; key to species, 407-10. apocyniflorae, 382, 409. asclepiae, 382, 409, 410. asteris, 410. basalis, 408. carolinae, 409. cerasi, 383, 407. cincta, 408. clematiflorae, 382, 409. crataegifolia, 382, 408. eupatorii, 382, 410. liavomarginata, 408. florida, 382, 409. fraxini folia, 383, 408. globosa, 383, 409. grassator, 383, 408, 410. . hicoriae, 409. juniper ina, 408. platanifolia, 383, 410. populifolia, 383, 408. rugosa, 409. rumicis, 410. scrophulariae, 384, 409. solidaginis, 384, 409. spiraefolia, 410. triangularis, 384, 410. tsugae, 409. verbenifolia, 385, 408. yuccae, 385, 408. Lestremia, 30S, 310; key to species, 310. acerifolia, 311. barberi, 310. dyari, 311. elongata, 310. franconiae, 311. kansensis, 311. leucophaea, 310. pini, 311. sambuci, 311. Lestremia (continued) setosa, 311. solidaginis, 311. spiraeina, 311. sylvestris, 311. vernalis, 311. Lestreminae, 305, 307, 308. Lestremiinariae, 307, 311; key to genera, 308. Lettuce, wild, Lasioptera lactucae on, 326. Leucobrephos brcphoides, 5, 31, 47. Leucorhinia, 197. frigida, 196-97. glacialis, 196. Leuctra, 169, 170, 172. Libellula basalis, 196. pulchella, 196, 253. Libellulidae, 173, 174, 251, 252, 253, 254, 260, 263. Libellulinae, 262. Libnotes, 237. Lime-sulfur wash, 5, 34-36, 50. Limnea, 180. Limneria fugitiva, 16. Limnobia, 248. cinctipes, 205. immatura, 205. indigena, 205. parietina, 171. triocellata, 205. Limnobiinae, 202, 231, 241, 242, 244. Limnobiini, 225, 241, 243, 247. Limnophila, 227, 229, 231, 241, 245, 246. brevifurca, 228. quadrata, 228. toxoneura. 228, 242. Limnophilidae, 169, 170. Limnophilini, 225, 241. Linden moth, snow-white, 8, 23-28. Lindera, Lasioptera linderae on, 320, 325- Liognia, 230, 244. nodicornis, 209. Lipsothrix, 227. Liquidambar styraciflua, gall on, 152. Liriodendron, Contarinia liriodendri on, 383. Neolasioptera liriodendri on, 320. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 531 Lobodiplosis, 385, 397-98. acerina, 398. quercina, 398. Lobopteromyia, 385, 389 ; key to spe- cies, 389. abdominalis, 390. apicalis, 390. caricis, 390. consobrina, 390. filicis, 390. foetedi, 390. symplocarpi, 390. tiliae, 390. Locust, common, Das3-neura pseuda- caciae on, 22,7, 347. 348. honey, Dasyneura gleditschiae on, 347- Loosestrife, Dasyneura lysimachiae on, 3Z7- Lupine, Dasyneura lupini on, ^,^,"2, 347- Lasioptera lupini on, 326. Lycopus, Lasioptera lycopi on, 320, 326. mitchellae on, 320, 325. Lysimachia, Dasyneura lysimachiae on, Z37, 349, 350- Macrocentus iridescens, 27. Macrochile, 224, 225, 235, 236. Macrophthalma disjuncta, 43. Malacosoma disstria, 13, 17. Maple, linden moth injuring, 24, 27. maple worm injuring, 15. Rhabdophaga plicata on, 352. dwarf, gall on, 119. hard, green striped maple worm injuring, 13. Japanese, Archips sorbiana on, 45. mountain, gall on, 123. red, galls on, 120-21. silver, galls on, 121. soft, galls on, 121. sugar, galls on, 121-23. green striped maple worm injur- ing, 7, 13. sugar maple borer injuring, 40. white-bark, galls on, 152. See also Acer. Maple borer, sugar, 40, 52. Maple caterpillar, antlered, 21-23. Maple worm, green striped, 7, 13-21, 22, 27. May flies, 161, 170, I73, I74, 176-77, 178, 183-86, 187, 188-94- Mayetiola, 359, 369, 37i ; key to spe- cies, 369. aceris, 369. americana, 357> Z70, 371- azaleae, 369. balsamilera, 369. californica, 357, 370. caulicola, 357, 370. celtiphyllia, 357, 37i- destructor, 357, 358, 369, 2,70. electra, 369. latipes, 370. perocculta, 357, 371. rigidae, 2S7, 2>7'^- socialis, 369. thalictri, 369. tsugae, 370. tumidosae, 357, 370. ulmi, 358, 369, 370. violicola, 359, 369. virgin iana, 369. walshii, 357, 37i- Meadow maggot, 200. INIeadow sweet, Cecidomyia spirae- florae on, 384. Dasyneura salicifoHa on, 338. gall on, 148. Hormomyia clarke! on, 384. Prodiplosis ftoricola on, 384. Rhabdophaga salicifolia on, 338. Media, 236. Megistocera, 235. Melittia satyriniformis, 55. Melolontha vulgaris, 42. Melon, Aphidoletes cucimieris on, 383. Cecidomyia setigera on, 394. Contarinia setigera on, 383. Mentha, Giardomyia menthae on, 383. 405- piperita, Cecidomyia piperitae on, 303- Mesocyphona, 235, 237, 243, 246. caloptera, see Erioptera. 532 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Metadiplosis, 386, 406. spinosa, 386, 406. Metriocnemus, 283. atratulus, 284. debilipennis, 284. exagitans, 283. flavifrons, 284. knabi, 284. limdbeckii, 284. par, 283, 284. Miastor, 316. americana, 286, 316. Microcerata, 308, 309; key to species, 310. cockerelli, 310. corni, 310. diervillae, 310. johnsoni, 310. perplexa, 310. Micromyia, 309. corni, 308. Midges, 8, 171, 176-77, 178. Milkweed, Lasioptera lactucae on, 320. Lestodiplosis asclepiae on, 382, 409, 410. Mimulus glutinosus, Neolasioptera mimuli on, 320, 332. Minnow, red-bellied, food of, 172, 180-82. Mint, Giardomyia menthae on, 383. Mole cricket, 55. Molophilus, 225, 242, 240. comatus, 226. Mongoma, 229, 230. Mosqnitos, 171. Moth flies, 171. Mottled willow borer, 54. Mycodiplosis, 386, 400-3 ; key to spe- cies, 400-3. acarivora, 385, 403. acerifolia, 400. acerina, 385, 397. Sec also Lobodiplosis. aestiva, 402. alternata, 402. angulata, 400. aurata, 402. captiva, 401. cerasi folia, 383, 400. Mycodiplosis {co)itiinicd) contracta, 401. coryli, 402. corylifolia, 301, 382, 40J. cyanccocci, 401. emarginata, 402. libulata, 401. holotricha, 382, 401. hudsoni, 402. impatientis, 383, 401. lobata, 385, 398. See also Coquillettomyia. niinuta, 400. modesta, 402. obscura, 402. perplexa, 402. pini, 400. populi folia, 383, 400. quercina, see Lobodiplosis. reducta, 400. robusta, 401. rotimdata, 401. silvana, 402. tenuitas, 401. tsugae, 402. variabilis, 402. viburni, 385, 398. Nannothemis, 255, 260. Negundo, Contarinia negundifolia on, 3^3, 394- Nehallennia, 259. irene, 198. Nemoiira, 169. Neocerata rhodophaga, see Dasy- neura. Neolasioptera, 322, 330 ; key to spe- cies, 330. agrostis, 331. albitarsis, 318, 319, 333. albolineata, 332. asclepiae, 318, 332. basalis, 318, 331. celastri, 318, 330. cinerea, 331. clematidis, 318, 331. cornicola, 319, 330. erigerontis, 319, 332. eiipatorii, 319, 333. flavomaculata, 332. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 533 Neolasioptera {continued) flavoventris, 320, 333. hamamelidis, 318, 2)2>2. hamata, 322, ^2,2. Iielianthi, 319, 332. liibisci, 320, 330, 2,2>3- hirsuta, 331. liriodendri, 320, 330, 331. mimuli, 320, :i2i~- perfoliata, 319, 332. ramuscula, 318, 222- sambuci, 321, 331. sexinaculata, 320, 331. solani, 321, 331. squamosa, 330, 2,2,3- tenuitas, 331. tiliaginea, 322, 2,Z2- tripunctata, 331. viburnicola, 322, 330, 332. vitinea, 322, 330, 331, 332. New England tea. Dasyneura verna- lis on, 341. Newt, red, food, 162. Nursery certificates, 11. Nyssa sylvatica, gall on, 136. Oak, Archips sorbiana injuring, 46. Cincticornia americana on, 374, 380, 381. pilulae on, 374, 380, 381. quercifolia on, 374. serrata on, 374, 380. Clinodiplosis florida on, 411. Contarinia quercifolia on, 384, 391. Dasyneura glandis on, 2,3,7^ 342. Dichrodiplosis quercina on, 384, 394- galls on, 142, 143, 152, 153. Lasioptera querciflorae on, 320, 325- quercina on, 320, 327. querciperda on, 320, 324. maple worm injuring, 15. Trotteria tarsata on, 320. Oat, Coquillettomyia texana on, 382. Obolodiplosis, 386, 4.10-II- Odonata, 195-95, 224, 249-03. Odontodiplosis, 386; key to species, 404. americana, 404. Odontodiplosis {continued) karnerensis, 404. montana, 404. Oecacta, 264, 267. Oecidium impatiens, Mycodiplosis impatientis on, 383, 401. Office work, 11. Old Forge, report of the entomologic field station at, 156-266. Oligarces, 316, 317. noveboracensis, 28O, 317. Oligotrophiariae, 308, 356 ; key to genera, 359. Oligotrophus, 359, 368, 371 ; key to species, 368. acerifolius, sec Sackenomyia aceri- folia. aceris, see Mayetiola. asplenifolia, see Janetiella. azaleae, see Mayetiola. betulae, 357, 368. brevicornis, see Janetiella. inquiliiuis, 358, 368. nodosa, see Janetiella. pini, see Janetiella. rhoina, sec Cincticornia. thalictri, sec Mayetiola. tiliacea, see Janetiella. tsugae, see Mayetiola. vernalis, 368. Ophiogomphus, 256, 260, 261. Ophion bifoveolatum, 43. Opuntia, Asphondylia arlzonensis on, 373- Ijetheli on, 273^ 37^- opuntiae on, 273, 377- Orange, gall on, 130. Orchard scales, 53. Oriental slug caterpillar, 52, 53. Orimarga, 247. Ornithodes, 245. Oropeza, 211, 237. Orthocladius, 171, 282; key to spe- cies, 282 sordens. 28/ sordidellus, 169, 283, 284. Ostracoda, 176-77, 179. Oyster scale, 35, 51. 534 XEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Pachyrhina, 244. Palaeopoecilostola, 232. PaIpom\-ia, 264; ke}- to subgenera, 269. flavipes, 269. Panicum, Lasioptera panici on, 320, 326. Paradiplosis, 386, 410. Parasites, of gipsy and brown tail moths, 7; snow-white linden moth, 27; white grub, 43. Paratropeza, 213, 228, 230, 233, 237. Paris green, 55. Peach, gall on, 127. Peach borer, common, 32. • lesser, 32. Peach tree, June beetle injuring, 43. peach borer, lesser, injuring, 32. Pear midge, 8. Pear psylla, 35. Pear tree, Archips sorbiana injuring, 46. Contarinia pyrivora on, 384, 393. gall on, 141. Pearthorn, gall on, 132. Pecan, gall on, 152. Pedicia, 225, 226, 242, 245. albivitta, 201, 209. Pediciinae, 242, 245. Pediciini, 225, 242. Pegomyia sp., 171. vicina, 53. Penthoptera, 241, 243, 247. albitarsis, 208. Pepper grass, Dasyneura lepidii on, 337- Peppermint. Cecidomyia pipentae on, 303. Dasyneura piperitae on, 337, 342. Pcridinia, 182. Periodical cicada, 48. Peripheroptera, 229, 231, 233. Perithemis, 255. Persimmon, gall on, 132. Phalacrocera, 232, 244. tipulina, 209. Phyllerium alnigenum, 125. quercinum, gall on, 143. vitis, sec Erineum vitis. Phyllocoptes, 147, 244. cornutus, 127. oleivorus, 130. schlectendali, 141. Phyllolabis, 241, 242, 246. Phylloxera caryaecaulis, 55. vastatrix, 151. Lestodiplosis grassator on, 3S3, 408, 410. Phytoptid galls of North America, ^18-55; bibliography, 153-55. Pliytoptus sp., 119, 124, 134, 145, 14- abnormis, 148. acericola, 123. fraxini, 134. oleivorus, 130. pruni, 139. querci, 142. salicicola, 145. thujae, 148. ulmi, 149. Pine, Cecidomyia, resinicola on, 3S3. Loboptcromyia abdominalis on, 300. Xeolasioptera flavoventris on, 320. white grubs injuring, 41. Winnertzia, pinicorticis on, 304. Piperita, Dasyneura piperitae on, 337- Pirus americana, gall on, 153. Pitcher plant, Phalacrocera tipulina, on, 209. Plagionotus speciosus, 40, 52. Plane tree, Lestodiplosis platanifolia on, 3S3, 410. ^lant lice, 3^. Plates, explanation of, 423. Plathemis triinaculata, 196. Plecoptera, 8. Plectromyia, 228, 242, 24 s. Plum tree, galls on, 138, 139. injurious insects : apple worm, lesser. 33. June beetle, green, 43. peach borer, lesser, 32. Plusiomyia, 232. Poa pratensis, Colpodia pratensis on, 416. Podisus modcstus. 22. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST IQG/ 53: Podoneura, 229, 241. Polyangaeus, 231, 232, 245. Polychrosis viteana, 38. Polymera, 245. Polystepha, 380. Poplar, Dichrodiplosis populi on, 383, 394- galls on, 129, 136, 137-38. Lestodiplosis globosa on, 383, 409. popuIifoHa on, 383, 408. Mycodiplosis populifolia on, 383, 400. Rhabdophaga populi on, 337, 354, 355- Porricondyla, 415, 417, 419, 420; key to species, 418. altifila, see Holoneurus. ampelophila, see Winnertzia. barberi, 418. borealis, 418. canadensis, 418. Carolina, 418. See also Colpodia. caudata, 418. diervillae, see Colpodia. dilatata, 418. flava, 419. graminis, sec Colpodia. hamata, 419. karnercnsis, 418. multinoda, 419. pinea, see Colpodia. pini, 418. quercina, 418. sylvestris, see Dirliiza. trifolii, see Colpodia. tuckeri, 418. Porthetria dispar, 50, 52, 53, 55. Potamanthus diaphanus, 193-94. Potato beetles, 55. Potatoes, white grubs injuring, 41. Potentilla canadensis, gall on, 138. pennsylvanica, gall on, 138. Probezzia, 267. Procladius, 270. bellus, 169. nubifer, 270. thoracicus, 270. Prodiamesa, 274-75. notata, 275. Prodiplosis, 386, 403. floricola, 384. Protanypus, 270, 271. heteropus, 271. Protenthes, 270, 273. cinctus, 273. culiciformis, 273, 284 pulcher, 273, 284. Prunes, June beetle injuring, 43. Prunus, galls on, 138, 139, 140, 141. Lasioptera serontina on, 320. Neolasioptera sexmaculata on, 320. cerasus, Contarinia virginianiae on, 383. Lestodiplosis cerasi on, 383. Mycodiplosis cerasi folia on, 383. Psectrocladius, 282. aureus, 283. Psilotanypus, 270, 271. occidentalis, 271. Psychodidae, 169, 170, 171. Psylla pyricola, 35. Ptilogyna, 230. Ptychoptera, 225, 235, 244. Ptychopteridae, 236, 240, 244. Ptychopterinae, 240, 244. Publications, 9 ; list, 50-55. Pyrgota undata, 43. Pyrus, see Pear. Quercus, galls on, 142, 143, 152, 153. See also Oak. Railroad worm, 33-3-I, 53. Ranatras, 163. Red top, Dasyneura graminis on, 336- Red-humped apple tree caterpillar, 31-32, 52. Remedies and preventives for : ^apbids, 35. apple bark louse, 51. apple leaf folder, 30. apple maggot, 34. 53. apple worm, lesser, S3- bag worm, 54, 55. canker worms, 50. elm leaf beetle, 40, 52, 54. fleas, 51. 536 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Remedies and preventives for : (con.) grape root worm, 38. hickory gall aphid, 55. linden moth, snow-white, 27. maple caterpillar, antlered, 22. maple worm, green striped, 16. oyster scale, 35. peach borer, lesser, ^2. pear psylla, 35. -plant lice, 35. potato beetle, 55. San Jose scale, 5, 34-36, 50. scurfy bark louse, 35. scurfy scale, 50. squash borer, 55. squash bug, 50. tussock moth, white-marked, 38, white grubs, 43, 51. willow borer, mottled, 54. wire worms, 51. Remedies and preventives for insect depredations : arsenate of lead, 16. arsenical poisons, 30, 40. bordeaux mixture, 38. kerosene emulsion, 44. lime-sulfur wash, 5, 34-36, 50. miscible or soluble oils, 35. paris green, 55. tree bands, 39, 50. tree tanglefoot, 50. whale oil soap, 53. Rhabdinobrochus, 227, 228, 236. Rhabdophaga, 305, 307, 336, 339, 340, 359, 368; key to species, 351. absobrina, 355. acerifolia, 354. albovittata, 338, 352, 354. batatas, 338, 355, 421. brassicoides, 338, 356. californica, 353. cephalanthi, 336, 355. consobrina, 355. gemmae, 338, 354. globosa, 338, 354. latipennis, 338, 353. marginata, 352. nodula, 338, 351, 352. normaniana, 338, 354. RhabdophagJi {continued) occidentalis, 353. persimilis, 338, 351. plicata, 338, 352. podagrae, 338, 355, 356. populi, 337, 354, 355- pratensis, 353. racemi, 338, 352, 353. ramuscula, 338, 351, 352. . rhodoides, 338, 355, 356. rosacea, 3^7, 354. salici folia, 293-94, 338, 355. salicis, 338, 352, 353. sodalitatis, 338, 351. strobiloides, 338, 355, 350. tridentatae, 340. triticoides, 338, 351, 353, 354. Rliagoletis pomonella, 33-34, 53- Rhamphidia, 230, 247. flavipes, 205. Rhamphidiinae, 230. Rhamphidiini, 225. Rhaphidolabis, 169, 228, 242, 245. tenuipes, 170, 201, 209, 212-14. Rhicnoptila, 225, 226, 231, 242. wodzickii, 225. Rhipidia, 248. fidelis, 203. maculata, 170, 218-19. Rhopalomyia, 305, 339, 359, 362; key to species, 363. abnormis, 365. acerifolia, 368. albipennis, 358, 364. alticola, 356, 367. antennariae, 356, 367. anthophila, 358, 364, 365. apicata, 364. arcuata, 367. astericaulis, 357, 365. asteriflorae, 298, 357, 366. audibertiae, 299, 357, 368. baccharis, 357, 364, 365. bigeloviae, 357, 368. bigelovioides, 357, :i66, 367. bulbula, 358, 2,6z, 365, 366. californica, 357, 364, 366. capitata, 358, 363, 364. Carolina, 358, 363. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 537 Rhopalomyia (continued) clarkei, 299, 358, 367. cruziana, 358, 366, 367. fusiformis, 358, 363, 364, 365, 366. gutierreziae, 357, 367, 368. hirtipes, 358, 363. inquisitor, 358, 364, 366. lanceolata, 358, 367, 368. lateriliori, 357, 364, 365. lobata, 358, 366. major, 363. palustris, 365. pedicellata, 358, 363, 365, 366. pilosa, 356, 366, 367. pini, 365. racemicola, 358, 364, 366. tanaceticola, 362. thompsoni, 358, 363, 365, 366. trnncata, 365. Rhus, Arthrocnodax rhoina on, 384. Asphondylia integrifoliae on, 374, 376. Dasyneura rhois on, 337, 346, 349. galls on, 144. Rhyacophilidac, 169. Rhypholophus, 231, 243, 246. parallelus, 256. rubellus, 2c6. Ribes, Mayetiola californica on, 357, 370. Rivina, Schizomyia rivinae on, 374, 379- Robinia, Dasyneura pseudacaciae on, 337, 347- Rosebushes, Dasyneura rhodophaga on, 337, 341- rosarum on, 337, 348. Rhabdophaga rosacea on, 337, 354. tosy aphis, 53. otifer, 176, 180, 182. Rubus, Dasyneura rubiflorae on, 338. Lasioptera farinosa on, 321. nodulosa on, 321. Rudbeckia, Lasioptera, rudbeckiae on, 320, 324. Rumex, Contarinia runiicis on, 384, 392. Lestodiplosis rumicis on, 410. Ryacophilidae, 170. Sackenomyia, 359, 361. acerifolia, 361. Sage brush, Diarthronomyia arte- misiae on, 336, 340. St John's-wort, marsh, gall on, 149. Salicis aenigma, 145, 146. semen, 146. Salix, Asphondylia salictaria on, 374, 377- Clinorhynchus karnerensis on, 321. Dasyneura californica on, 338, 347. salicifolia on, 338, 348, 350. galls on, 130, 144-47. Mayetiola americana on, 357. caulicola on, 357. perocculta on, 357, 371. rigidae on, 357. tumidosae on, 357. walshii on, 357. Rhabdophaga albovittata on, 338^ 352, 354- batatas on, 338. brassicoides on, 338. gemmae on, 338. globosa on, 338. latipennis on, 338. nodula on, 338. normaniana on, 338. persimilis on, 338, 351. plicata on, 338. podagrae on, 338. racemi on, 338. ramuscula on, 338. rhodoides on, 338. salicis on, 338. sodalitatis on, 338. strobiloides on, 338. triticoides on, 338. Sambucus, Arthrocnodax sambuci- folia on, 384. Asphondylia sambuci on, 374, 377. Contarinia sambucifolia on, 392. gall on, 147. Neolasioptera sambuci on, 321, 33't- San Jose scale, 5, 34-36, 50, 52. Sanninoidea exitiosa, 32. Scamboneura, 233. Scatophagidae, 169, 171. 538 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Schizomyia, 306, 375, 3/8, 3S0; key to species, 378. altifila, 378. caryaecola, 373, 378. coryloides, 374, 379. macrofila, 372, 379. petiolicola, 374, 37g. pomum, 374, 379. rivinae, 374, 379. rubi, 379. viburni, 374, 378. Schizura concinna, 31-32, S-- Scrophularia, Cccidomyia scrophu- lariae on, 303. Lestodiplosis scrophulariae on, 384, 4C9- Scurfy scale, 35, 50, 51, 52, 53. Sea pink, gall on, 148. Sedge, Lobopteromyia caricis on, 390. Senecio, Lasioptera arizonensis on, 321, 325. Sericostomatidae, 169, 170. Serromyia, 264, 269. femorata, 269. Service-berry, gall on, 126. Shadbush Hormomvia canadensis on, 381. Shade trees, 6-7, 51, 53, 34. Sicca, Asphondylia siccae on, 374, 376. Sida crystallina, 161. Silene, Lasioptera juvenalis on, 321. Simiiliidae, 169, 171. Siphlurus, 161, 163, 188. alternatns, 189. Siphonophora liriodendri, Aphido- letes meridionalis on, 384. Skunk cabjjage, Lobopteromyia foetedi on, 390. symplocarpi on, 390. Slug caterpillar, oriental, 53. Snake root, white, Lestodiplosis eu- patorii on, 382. Snapdragon, Lasioptera impatienti- folia on, 320, 323. Snow-white linden moth, 8, 23-28. Solanum, Neolasioptera solani on, 321, 33^- Soldier bug, 22. Solidago, Asphondylia johnsoni on, 374, 377- monacha on, 317, 374, 376. Baldratia abnormis on, 321. albomaculata on, 321, 328. asterifoliae on, 321. carbonifera on, 321. convoluta on, 321, 329. flavoanulata on, 321, 329. flavolunata on, 330. rosea on, 321, 328. rubra on, 321, 329. socialis on, 321, 328. tuberculata on, 321. Camptoneuromyia adhcsa on, 317, 334- carbonaria on, 338, 341. folliculi on, 338, 348. Lasioptera argentisquamae on, 321, 324- cylindrigalle on, 321, 326. dorsimaculata o1:, 321. flavescens on, 321, 327. hamata on, 321, 327. subfuscata on, 321. tumifica on, 321, 327. Lestodiplosis solidaginis on, 384, 409. triangularis on, 384, 410. Oligotrophus inquilinus on, 358, 368. Rhopalomyia albipennis on, 358, 364- anthophila on, 358, 364, 365. arcuata on, 367. bulbnla on, 358, 365, 366. capitata on, 358, 363, 364. Carolina on, 358, 363. clarkei on, 299, 358, 367. cruziana on, 358, 366, 367. hirtipes on, 358, 363. inquisitor on, 358, 364, 366. racemicola on, 358, 364, 366. thompsoni on, 358, 365, 366. Trotteria solidaginis on, 335. vSorbus americana, gall on, 147, 153. aucuparia, 153. Sorghum, Contarinia sorghicola on, 384, 393. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 539 Sparnopolius fulvus, 43. Sphaeromyas, 269. Sphaerotheca, 130. Spicebush, Lasioptera linderae on, 320. Spider, red, 385. Spikenard, wild, Asphondylia smila- cinae on, 374. Spiraea, Cecidomyia floricola on, 302. spiraeflorae on, 304, 384, 414. Dasyneura salicifolia on, 338. Hormomyia clarkei on. 384, 388. Lestodiplosis spiraeafolia on, 410. Prodiplosis floricola on, 384. Rhabdophaga salicifolia on, 294, 338, 355- Spongilla flies, 161. Spruce, Dasyneura canadensis on, 336, 350. Spurge, flowering, gall on, 132. Squash borer, 55. Squash bug, 50. Statice armeria, gall on, 148. Stone flies, 8, 170, 172. Strawberry, white grubs injuring, 41, 44- Stylaria, 161. Sugar maple borer, 40, 52. Sumac, Arthrocnodax rhoina on, 384. Asphondylia integrifoliae on, 374. Cincticornia rhoina on, 381. Dasyneura rhois on, 337. Sunfish, food, 172, 175. Sunflower, Asphondylia conspicua on, 2,73- globosa on, 2i7?>- helianthiflorae on, 373. Swamp rose, mallow, Neolasioptera hibisci on, 320. Sweetfern, Janetiella asplenifolia on, 357. Sweet-gum, gall on, 152. Sympetrum, 197. corruptum, 197. Symplocarpus, Lobopteromyia foet- edi on, 390. symplocarpi on, 390. Synanthedon pictipes, 32. Tabanidae, 169, 171. Tabanus sp., 171. Tachopteryx, 260, 261. Tansy, Aphidoletes basalis on, 384. Tanyderinae, 240, 244. Tanyderus, 225, 231, 236. Tanypinae, key to, 270. Tanypus, 169, 171, ^70; key to spe- cies, 271-72. aureus, 271. carneus, 271, 284. fastuosus, 272. florens, 272. hirtipennis, 169, 284. indecisa, 284. johnsoni, 272, 284. miripes, 272. monilis, 271, 284. ornatus, 272, 284. posticalis, 273. sinuosus, 272. stellatus, 273. tenebrosus, 272. Tanytarsus, 284. exiguus, 284. fulvescens, 284. obediens, 284. pusio, 284. Taxodium, Contarinia ananassi on, 384, 392. Tecomia, Cecidomyia tccomiae on, 384. Tent trap, description, 167-68. Tetragoneuria cynosura, 196. Tetranychus, 385. Tcucholabis. 247. Thalassomyia, key to species, 275. fulva, 275, 284. obscura, 169, 275, 284. platj'pus, 275. Thaumastoptera, 243. Thorn, Hormomvia crataegifolia on, 382. Lasioptera excavata on, 319. Lestodiplosis crataegifolia on, 382. florida on, 382, 409. cockspur, gall on, 131. wild, Arnoldia absorbina on, 337. Thoroughwort, Lasioptera eupatori- florae on, 287. 540 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM Thuja occidentalis, gall on, 148. Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis, 54, 55- Tibicen septendecim, 48. Tick trefoil, Lasioptera desmodii on, 319, 325- Neolasioptera hamata on, 332. Tilia, galls on, 138, 148. Lasioptera palustris on, 322. spinulae on, 322. Lobopteromyia apicalis on, 390. Neolasioptera hamata on, 322. tiliaginea on, 322. Tiphia inornata, 43. Tipiila, 169, 244. abdominalis, 199, 200. annulata, 211. tenuis, 212. Tipulidae, 169, 170, 199-248; new genus and two new species, 211- 12; venation of wings, 217-38. Tipulinae, 227, 231, 240, 244. Toxorrhina, 227, 243, 248. Trap lantern, description, 165-68. Tree bands, 50. Tree tanglefoot, 50. Trees, protection of, d-"], 51, 53, 54. Triadenum virginicum, gall on, 149. Trichocera, 229, 231, 241, 245. brumalis, 208. Trichocladius, 282. lacteipennis, 282. politus, 283. Trichoptera, 8, 170. Trichotanypus, 270, 273. posticalis, 273. Tricorythus allectus, 192. Trifolium, Dasyneura leguminicola on, 338. trifolii on, 338. Trimicra, 231, 243, 246. Triogma, 244. Trissocladius, 282. Triticum, Cecidomyia tritici on, 385. Mayetiola destructor on, 358. Trotteria, 317, 322, 334. argenti, 335. caryae, 318, 335. caudata, 335. karnerensis, 335. Trotteria (continued) metal lica, 335. solidaginis, 335. squamosa, 335. subfuscata, 335. tarsata, 320, 335. Trumpet vine, Cecidomyia tecomiae on, 384. Tulip, Contarinia liriodendri on, 383, 393- Neolasioptera liriodendri on, 320. Tussock moth, white marked, 6, 9, 17, 38, 52, 53- Twig borers, 51. T3'phlodromus oiliioorus, 130. Ula, 245. Ulmus, Dasyneura ulmea on, 339. galls on, 149-50. ]\Iayetiola ulmi on, 358. Ulomorpha, 241, 246. Vaccinium, Baldratia canadensis on, 322. Das3'ncura vaccinii on, 339. gall on, 150. Vagnera racemosa, Asphondylia smi- lacinae on, 298, 374, 376. Verbena, Cecidomyia urtifolia on, 385, 414- gall on, 150. Lestodiplosis verbenifolia on, 385, 408. Vernonia, Asphondylia vernoniae on, 374, 377- Lasioptera vcrnoniflorae on, 322. Vervain, blue, gall on, 150. Viburnum, Dentifibula viburni on, 3S9. galls on, 150. Lasioptera consobrina on, 322. viburni on, 322, 327. Neolasioptera viburnicola on, 322, 332. Schizomyia viburni on, 374, 378. Violet, Mayetiola violicola on, 359. Virgin's bower, Contarinia clematidis on, 382. Dasyneura clematidis on, 336. gall on. 131. Lestodiplosis clematiflorae on, 382. INDEX TO REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST I907 541 Vitis, Arnoldia vitis on, 339. Baldratia petiolicola on, 322. Dasyneura vitis on, 339. galls on, 150, 151. Janetiella brevicauda on, 359. Lasioptera basiflava on, 322. vitis on, 322. Neolasioptera vitinea on, 322. Schizomyia coryloides on, 374. petiolicola on, 374, 379. pomum on, 374. Voluntary observers, it.' Walnut, black, gall on, 133. Walshomjia, 359. juniperina, 357, 360, 365, 367. Water boatmen, 163. Water mites, IJ6-77, 180. Water skater, 176. Whale oil soap, 53. Wheat, Cecidomyia tritici on, 385, 414. Alayetiola destructor on, 358, 370. Wheat midge, 8. Wheel bugs, 53. Whirl-a-gig beetles, 163. AVhite grubs, 41, 51. White marked tussock moth, 6, 9, 17, 38, 52, S3- AVillow, Asphondylia salictaria on, 298, 374- Clinorhynchus karnerensis on, 321, 32,3- Dasyneura calif ornica on, 338. salicifolia on, 293, 338, 348, 350. galls on, 144-45, 146- Mayetiola americana on, 357, 370, 371- caulicola on, 357, 370. perocculta on, 357. rigidae on, 357, 371. tumidosae on, 357. vi^alshii on, 357, 371. Rhabdophaga albovittata on, 338. batatas on, 338, 355- brassicoides on, 338, 356. gemmae on, 338, 354. globosa on, 338, 354. Willow {continued) latipennis on, 338, 353. nodula on, 338, 351, 352. normaniana on, 338, 354. persimilis on, 338. plicata on, 338. podagrae on, 338, 355, 356. racemi on, 338, 352, 353. ramuscula on, 338, 351, 352. rhodoides on, 338, 355, 356- salicis on, 338, 352, 353. sodalitatis on, 338. strobiloides on, 338, 355, 356. triticoides on, 338. Willow borer, mottled, 54. Winnertzia, 306, 307, 415, 421 ; key to species, 421. ampelophila, 422. arizonensis, 421. calciequina, 421, 422. carpini, 421. furcata, sec Asynapta. hudsonici, 422. karnerensis, 422. pinicorticis, 304, 422. rubida, 422. solidaginis, 422. Wire worms, 51. Wood, decaying, Dasyneura flavoti- bialis on, 339, 341. Wormwood, gall on, 127. Yarrow, Clinorhyncha millefolii on, 318, 3Zi- Yellow-necked apple tree caterpillar, 52. Youngomyia, 386, 398-99; key to spe- cies, 399. podophyllae, 399. rubida, 399. Yucca, Dasyneura yuccae on, 339, 343- Lestodiplosis jaiccae on, 385, 408. Zeuzera pyrina, 52. Zizia, Lasioptera ziziae on, 322, 327. Zygoptera, 251, 253, 254, 256, 258, 262. N eiv York State Education Department New York State Museum John M. Clarke, Director PUBLICATIONS Packages will be sent prepaid except when distance or weight renders the -same impracticable. On lo or more copies of any one publication 20% •discount will be given. 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To advance subscribers, $2 a year or $1 a year for division (i) geology, economic geology, paleontology, mineralogy; 50c each for divisions (2) general zoology, archeology and miscellaneous, (3) botany, (4) entomology. Bulletins are also found with the annual reoorts of the museum as follows: Bullstin Report Bulletin Report Bulletin Report Bulletin Report G 1 48, V.I M 4 59. v.2 En 10 54, v.2 Ar 4 54, V.I a SI. V.I Pa I 54. V.I 54, v.3 5 " v.3 3 52. V.I 2.3 54. v.3 13 '■ v.4 6 55. v.l 4 54. V.4 4 " v.4 55. V.I 7 S6. v.4 s 56. V.I 5.6 55. V.I 15- 18 S6,v.3 8.9 57. v.2 6 57. V.I, Pt I 7.9 56, v.2 19— 22 57. V.I, pt 2 10, II 58 , V. 4 7-10 S8.V.1 10 57. V.I, pt I 24 58. v. s 12-14 60, v. 3 II 59. V.I 11-14 58. v.3 26 59. v.2 Ms I. 2 56. V.4 12-14 60, V.2 15. 16 59. v.2 28 60, V. I Eg 5, 6 48, V.I 60, v. I Bo 52, V.I 7 50. V.I z 'i'' 53. V.I 53. V.I Memoir 8 S3. V.I 4 54. V. I 5 5, V . I 2 49. v.3 9 54. V.3 5-7 " v.3 6 S-^. v.4 3. 4 S3, v.2 10 V.3 8 55. v.l 7 57. v.2 5.6 "^K-.l II 56. V.I 9 56. v.3 8 58,v.4 7 12, 13 58.V.B 57. V.I, pt I 9 59. v.2 8, pt I 59. v.3 14. IS 59. V.I 11,12 58. v.4 10 60, V. I 8, pt 3 59. v.4 16 60, V. I En 3 48. V.I Ar I 50, V.I 9 60, v.4 M 2 S6. V.I 4-6 52. V.I 2 51. V. I 60 , V . 5 3 57. V.I. Pt I 7-9 53, v.l 3 52, V.I The figures in parenthesis In the following list indicate the bulletin's number as a New York State Museum bulletin. Geology. Gi (14) Kemp, J. F. Geology of Moriah and Westport Town- ships, Essex Co. N. Y ., with notes on the iron mines. 38p. 7pl. 2 maps. Sep. i8q5- 106-. G2 (19) Merrill, F. J. H. Guide to the Study of the Geological Collections of the New York State Museum. i62p. iigpl. map. Nov. 1898. Out of print. G3 (21) Kemp, J. F. Geology of the Lake Placid Region. a4p. ipl. map, Sep. i8g8. $c. G4 (48) Woodworth, J. B. Pleistocene Geology of Nassau County and I3orough of Queens. 58p. il. gpl. map. Dec. igoi. 25c. G5 (56) Merrill, F. J. H. Description of the State Geologic Map of 1901. 42p. 2 maps, tab. 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Eni6 (59) Grapevine Root Worm. 4op. 6pl. Dec. 1902. 15c-. See Enig. Eni7 (64) • iSth Report of the State Entomologist 1902. nop. 6pl. May 1903. Out of print. Eni8 (68) Needham, J. G. & others. Aquatic Insects in New York. 322P. S2pl. Aug. 1903. 80c, cloth. Enig (72) Felt, E. P. Grapevine Root Worm. s8p. i3pl. Nov. 1903. 20c. This is a revision of Em 6 containing the more essential facts observed since that was prepared. En20 (74) & Joutel, L. H. Monograph of the Genus Saperda. 88p. i4pl. June. 1904. 25c. En2i C76) Felt, E. P. 19th Report of the State Entomologist 1903. i5op. 4pl. 1904. 15c. En22 (79) Mosquitoes or Culicidae of New York. i64p. il. 57pl. Oct. 1904. 40c. En23 (86) Needham, J. G. & others. May Flies and Midges of New York. 352p. il. 37pl. June 1905. 80c, cloth. En24 (97) Felt. E. P. 20th Report of the State Entomologist 1904. 246P. il. igpl. Nov. 1905. 40c. En25 (103) Gipsy and Brown Tail Moths. 44p. lopl. July 1906. x^c. En26 (104) 2 1 st Report of the State Entomologist 1905. i44p. lopl. Aug. 1906. 25c. En27 (109) Tussock Moth and Elm Leaf Beetle. 34p. 8pl. Mar. 1907. 20;. En28 (no) 22d Report of the State Entomologist 1906. i52p. 3pl. June 1907. 25c. (124) 23d Report of the State Entomologist 1907. Oct. 1908. 75c. Needham, J. G. Monograph on Stone Flies. In preparation. Botany. Boi (2) Peck, C. H. Contributions to the Botany of the State of New York. 66p. 2pl. May 1887. Out of print. B02 (8) Boleti of the United States. 96p. Sep. 1889. Out of print. B03 (25) Report of the State Botanist 1898. 76p. 5pl. Oct. 1899. Out of print. B04 (28) Plants of North Elba. 2o6p. map. June 1899. 20c. Bos (54) Reportof the State Botanist 1 90 1. 58p. 7pl. Nov. 1902. 40c. B06 (67) Report of the State Botanist 1902. 196P. 5pl. May 1903. 50c:. B07 (75) Report of the State Botanist 1903. 7op. 4pl. 1904. 40c. B08 (94) Report of the State Botanist 1904. 6op. lopl. July 1905. 40c. B09 (105) Report of the State Botanist 1905. io8p. i2pl. Aug. 1906. 50C. Boio (116) Report of the State Botanist 1906. i2op. 6pl. July 1907. 35c. (122) Report of the State Botanist 1907. i78p. 5pl. August 1908. 40c. Archeology. An (i6) Beauchamp, W. M. Aboriginal Chipped Stone Im- plements of New York. 86p. 23pl. Oct. 1897. 25c. Ar2'(i8) Polished Stone Articles used by the New York Aborigines. io4p. 35pl. Nov. 1897. 250-. Ar3 (22) Earthenware of the New York Aborigines. 78p. 33pl, Oct. 1898. 2SC. NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Ar4 (32) Aboriginal Occupation of New York. igop. i6pl. 2 maps. Mar. 1900. 30c. Ars (41) Wampum and Shell Articles used by New York Indians. i66p. 28pl. Mar. 1901. 30c. Ar6 (50) Horn and Bone Implements of the New York Indians. ii2p. 43pl. Mar. 1902. 30c. Ar7 (55) MetaUie Implements of the New York Indians. 94p. 38pl, June 1902. 25c. Ar8 (73) Metallic Ornaments of the New York Indians. i2 2p. 37pl. Dec. 1903. 30c. Arp (78) History of the New York Iroquois. 34op. lypl. map. Feb. 1905. 75c, cloth. Ario (87) Perch Lake Mounds. 84p. i2pl. Ap. 1905. 20c. Am (89) Aboriginal Use of Wood in New York. igop. 35pl. June 1905. 35c. Ari2 (108) Aboriginal Place Names of New York, 336p. May 1907. 40c. Ari3 (113) Civil, Religious and Mourning Councils and Ceremonies of Adoption. iiSp. 7pl. June 1907. 25c. Ari4 (117) Parker, A. C. An Erie Indian Village and Burial Site. io2p, 38pl. Dec. 1907. 30c. Converse, H. M. & Parker, A. C. Iioquois Myths and Legends. In press. Miscellaneous. Msi (62) Merrill, F. J. H. Directory of Natural History Museums in United States and Canada. 236P. Ap. 1903. 30c. Ms2 (66) Ellis, Mary. Index to PubUcations of the New York State Nat- ural History Survey and New York State Museum 183 7-1 90 2. 4i8p. June 1903. 75c:, cloth. Museum memoirs 1889-date. Q. 1 Beecher, C. E. & Clarke, J. M. Development of Some Silurian Brachi- opoda. 96p. 8pl. Oct. 1889. $1. 2 Hall, James & Clarke, J. M. Paleozoic Reticulate Sponges. 3 sop. il. 7opl. 1898. $2, cloth. 3 Clarke, J. M. The Oriskany Fauna of Becraft Mountain, Columbia Co., N. Y. i28p. 9pl. Oct. 1900. 80c. 4 Peck, C. H. N. Y. Edible Fungi, 1895-99. io6p. 2 5pl. Nov. igoo. 75c. This includes revised descriptions and illustrations of fungi reported in the 49th, sist and sad reports of the State Botanist. 5 Clarke, J. M. & Ruedemann, Rudolf. Guelph Formation and Fauna of New York State. i96p. 2ipl. July 1903. $1.50, cloth. 6 Clarke, J. M. Naples Fauna in Western New York. 268p. 26pl. map. $2, cloth. 7 Ruedemann, Rudolf. Graptolites of New York. Pt 1 Graptolites of the Lower Beds. 35op. i7pl. Feb. 1905. $1.^0, cloth. 8 Felt, E. P. Insects Affecting Park and Woodland Trees, v.i 46op. il. 48pl. Feb. 1906. $2.50, cloth, v. 2 548p. il. 22pl. Feb. 1907. $2, cloth. 9 Clarke, J. M. Early Devonic of New York and Eastern North America. Pt I. 366p. il. 7opl. 5 maps. Mar. 1908. $2.50, cloth. Part 2, In press. 10 Eastman, C. R. The Devonic Fishes of the New York Formations. 236P. i5pl. 1907. $1.25, cloth. 1 1 Ruedemann, R. Graptolites of New York. Pt 2 Graptolites of the Higher Beds. 584P. il. 2 tab. 3ipl. Ap. 1908. $2.50, cloth. 12 Eaton, E. H. Birds of New York. In press. Natural history of New York. 30V. il. pi. maps. Q. Albany 1842-94. DIVISION I ZOOLOGY. De Kav, James E. Zoology of New York; or, The New York Fauna; comprising detailed descriptions of all the animals hitherto observed within the State of New York with brief notices of those occasionally found near its borders, and accompanied by appropri- ate illustrations, sv. il. pi. maps. sq. Q. Albany 1842-44. Out o; print. Historical introduction to the series by Gov. W. H. Seward. i78p. V. I pti Mammalia. 131 -l-46p. 33pl. 1842. 300 copies with hand-colored plates. V. 2 pt2 Birds. 12 -}-38op. i4ipl. 1844. Colored plates. V. 3 pt3 Reptiles and Amphibia. 7 +98p. pt4 Fishes, 15 -I-41SP. 1842, pt3-4 bound together. V. 4 Plates to accompany v. 3. Reptiles and Amphibia 23pl. Fishes 79pl. 1842. 300 copies with hand-colored plates. MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS V. 5 pt5 MoUusca. 4+271P. 4opl. pt6 Crustacea. 7op. i3pl. 1843-44. Hand-colored plates; pt5-6 bound together. DIVISION 2 BOTANY. Torrey, John. Flora of the State of New York; com- prising full descriptions of all the indigenous and naturalized plants hith- erto discovered in the State, with remarks on their economical and medical properties. 2 v. il. pi. sq. Q, Albany 1843. Out of print. V. I Flora of the State of New York. 12 +484P. 72pl. 1843. 300 copies with hand-colored plates. V. 2 Flora of the State of New York. 572p. Sgpl. 1843. 300 copies with hand-colored plates. DIVISION 3 MINERALOGY. Bcck, Lewis C. Mineralogy of New York; com- prising detailed descriptions of the minerals hitherto found in the State of New York, and notices of their uses in the arts and agriculture, il. pi. sq. Q. Albany 1842. Out of print. V. I pti Economical Mineralogy. pt2 Descriptive Mineralogy. 24-l-S36p. 1842. 8 plates additional to those printed as part of the text. DIVISION 4 GEOLOGY. Mather, W. W.; Emmons, Ebenezer; Vanuxem, Lard- ner & Hall, James. Geology of New York. 4V. il. pi. sq. Q. Albany 1842-43. Out of print. V. I pti Mather, W. W. First Geological District. 37-F653p. 46pl. 1843- V 2 pt2 Emmons, Ebenezer. Second Geological District. 10-I-437P. i7pl' 1842. V. 3 pt3 Vanuxem, Lardner. Third Geological District. 3o6p. 1842. V. 4 pt4 Hall, James. Fourth Geological District. 22 +683P. igpl. map. 1843. DIVISION 5 AGRICULTURE. Emmons, Ebenezer. Agriculture of New York; comprising an account of the classification, composition and distribution of the soils and rocks and the natural waters of the different geological formations, together with a condensed view of the meteorology and agri- cultural productions of the State. 5V. il. pi. sq. Q. Albany 1846-54. Out of print. V I Soils of the State, their Composition and Distribution. 11 -^37IP• 2ipl 1846. V. 2 Analysis of Soils, Plants, Cereals, etc. 8+343-f-46p. 42pl. 1849. With hand-colored plates. V. 3 Fruits, etc. 8-|-34op. 1851. V 4 Plates to accompany v. 3. 95pl. 1851. Hand-colored. V. 5 Insects Injurious to Agriculture. 8 + 272P. 5opl. 1854. With hand-colored plates. DIVISION 6 PALEONTOLOGY. Hall, James. Paleontology of New York. 8v. il. pi. sq. Q. Albany 1847-94. Bound in cloth. V. I Organic Remains of the Lower Division of the New York System. 23 -t-338p. 99pl. 1847. Out of print. V. 2 Organic Remains of Lower Middle Division of the New York System. 8-I-362P. io4pl. 1852. Out of print. V. 3 Organic Remains of the Lower Helderberg Group and the Oriskany Sandstone, pti, text. i2 4-532p. 1859. [$3.50] pt2. i43pl. 1861. [$2.50] V. 4 Fossil Brachiopoda of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. ii-fi4-428p. 69pl. 1867. $2.50. V. 5 pti Lamellibranchiata i. Monomyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Hamilton and Chemung Groups. i8-|-268p. 45pl- 1884. $2.50. Lamellibranchiata 2. Dimyaria of the Upper Helderberg, Ham- ilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 62 4-293p. 5ipl. 1885. $2.50. pt2 Gasteropoda, Pteropoda and Cephalopoda of the Upper Helder- berg, Hamilton, Portage and Chemung Groups. 2 v. 1879. v. i, text. 15 -t-492p. V. 2, i2opl. $2.50 for 2 v. «&: Simpson, George B. v. 6 Corals and Bryozoa of the Lower and Up- per Helderberg and Hamilton Groups. 24-f298p. 67pl. 1887. $2.50. & Clarke, John M. v. 7 Trilobites and other Crustacea of the Oris- kany, Upper Helderberg, Hamilton, Portage, Chemung and Catskill Groups. 64-f236p. 46pl. 1888. Cont. supplement to v. 5, pt2. Ptero- poda Cephalopoda and Annelida. 42p. i8pl. 1888. $2.50. NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT & Clarke. John M. v. 8 pti Introduction to the Study of the Genera of the Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16+367P. 44pl. 1892. $2.50. & Clarke, John M. v. 8 pt2 Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 16 +394?- 64pl. 1894. $2.50. Catalogue of the Cabinet of Natural History of the State of New York and of the Historical and Antiquarian Collection annexed thereto. 242P. O. 1853. Handbooks 1893-date. In quantities, i cent for each i6 pages or less. Single copies postpaid as below. New York State Museum. 52p. il. 4c. Outlines history and work of the museum with list 9f staff 1902. Paleontology. i2p. 2c. Brief outline of State Museum work in paleontology under heads: Definition: Relation to biology; Relation to stratigraphy; History of paleontology in New York. Guide to Excursions in the Fossiliferous Rocks of New York. i2 4p. Sc. Itineraries of 3 2 trips covering nearly the entire series of Paleozoic rocks, prepared specially for the use of teachers and students desiring to acquaint themselves more intimately with the classic rocks of this State. Entomology. i6p. 2c. Economic Geology. 44p. 4c. Insecticides and Fungicides. 2 op. 3c. Classification of New York Series of Geologic Formations. 32P. 3c. Geologic maps. Merrill, F. J. H. Economic and Geologic Map of the State of New York; issued as part of Museum bulletin 15 and 48th Museum Report, V. i. 59x67 cm. 1894. Scale 14 miles to i inch. 15c. Map of the State of New York Showing the Location of Quarries of Stone Used for Building and Road Metal. Mus. bul. 17. 1897. loc Map of the State of New York Showing the Distribution of the Rocks Most Useful for Road Metal. Mus. bul. 17. 1897. 5c. Geologic Map of New York. iqor. Scale 5 miles to i inch. In atlas form $3.' mounted on rollers $5. Lower HvAson sheet 60c. The lower Hudson sheet, geologically colored, comprises Rockland, Orange, Dutchess, Put- nam, Westchester, New York, Richmond. Kings. Queens and Nassau counties, and parts of Su'livan, Ulster and Suffolk counties; also northeastern New Jersey and part of western Connecticut. Map of New York Showing the Surface Configuration and Water Sheds. 1901. Scale T2 miles to i inch. 15c. Map of the State of New York Showing the Location of its Economic Deposits. 1904. Scale 12 miles to i inch. i^c. Geologic maps on the United States Geological Survey topographic base; scale I in. = I m. Those marked with an asterisk have also been pub- lished separately. ♦Albany county. Mus. rep't 49, v. 2. 1898. Out of print. Area around Lake Placid. Mus. bul. 21. 1898. Vicinity of Frankfort Hill [parts of Herkimer and Oneida counties]. Mus. rep't 51, v. I. 1899. Rockland county. State geol. rep't 18. 1899 Amsterdam quadrangle. Mus. bul. 34. 1900. ♦Parts of Albany and Rensselaer counties. Mus. bul. 42. 1901. 10c. ♦Niagara river. Mus. bul. 45. 1901. 25c. Part of Clinton county. State geol. rep't 19. 1901. Oyster Bay and Hempstead quadrangles on Long Island. Mus. bul. 48. 1901. Portions of Clinton and Essex counties. Mus. bul. 52. 1902. Part of town of Northumberland, Saratoga co. State geol. rep't 21. 1903. Union Springs, Cayuga county and vicinity. Mus. bul. 69. 1903. ♦Olean quadrangle. Mus. bul. 69. 1903. loc. "Becraft Mt with 2 sheets of sections. (Scale i in. = ^ m.) Mus. bul. 69. 1903. 20c. ♦Canandaigua-Naples quadrangles. Mus bul. 63. 1904. 20c. ♦Little Falls quadrangle. Mus. bul. 77. 1905. 15c. ♦Watkins-Elmira quadrangles. Mus. bul. 81. 1905. 20c. ♦TuUv quadrangle. Mus. bul. 82. 1905. 10c. ♦Salamanca quadrangle. Mus. bul. 80. 1905. loc. ♦Buffalo quadrangle. Mus. bul. 99. 1906. loc. ♦Penn Yan-Hammondsport quadrangles. Mus. bul. loi, 1906. 20c. ♦Rochester and Ontario Beach quadrangles. Mus. bul. 114. 20c. ♦Long Lake quadrangles. Mus. bul. 115. loc. ♦Nunda-Portage quadrangles. Mus. bul. 118. 20c. ^\