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]Sd:ii^M:i ArA.LLEY, OHIO.

BY A. P. MORGAN.

V YORK.

QARD.

[From The Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, vol. vi

April, 1883 ]

pL^ 2 -^

54 Cincinnati^i^oiety of NaUiral History.

THE MYCOLOOIC FLORA OF THE 31 1 A 31 1 VALLEY, O.

By A. P. Morgan.

FUNGI, Linn.

Fungi are Thalloph^'tes which grow upon organic substances, usu-
ally dead or decaying animal or vegetable matter, and derive their
nourishment from them ; they are destitute of chlorophyll, the green
coloring matter of plants, and are therefore incapable of assimilation.

The whole process of development of a fungus ma}' be divided into
two periods ; first, from the spore is produced a mycelium ; secondly',
out of the mj'celium the fructification subsequently arises. The my-
celium consists of filaments simple or branched, and single or variously
associated. The m^^celium creeps in or upon the substratum which
nourishes it out of which it absorbs the useful materials. The fructi-
fication consists of simple or branched filaments, bearing the spores at
their extremities ; these threads are either separate and free from each
other, or the}' grow closel}' compacted together forming a hymenium.
The h^'raenium is either naked and exposed, and borne upon a recep-
tacle, or it is inclosed in a, peridium or a perithecium. The spores are
either produced naked at the extremities of the filaments or they arise
inside their sac-like swollen terminal cells ; in the former case the
supporting cell or filament takes the name of basiclium, in the latter it
is called an ascus.

TABLE OF CLASSES OF FUNGL

A. Spores naked.

a. Hymenium present.

1. HvMENOMYCETES. — Ilymcnium free, mostly naked or soon exposed.

2. Gasteuomycetes. — Hymenium inclosed in a peridium, which is
ruptured when mature.

h. Hymenium absent.

3. CoNiOMYCETES. — Sporcs mostl}' terminal on inconspicuous threads.

4. Hyphcmycetes. — Spores on conspicuous threads.

B. Spores contained in asci.

5. PnYSOMYCETES. — Fcrtilc cells seated on threads not compacted
into a hymenium.

0. AscoMYCETES. — Asci formed from the fertile cells of a hymenium.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 55

Class I. — Hymenomycetes.
Hymenium free, mostly naked, or, if inclosed at first, soon exposed ;
spores naked, mostly quaternate, on distinct spicules. — Cooke.

TABLE OF ORDERS OF HYMENOMYCETES.

A. Hymenium effigurate.

1. Agaricini. — Hymenium spread over the surface of gills or lamellae.

2. PoLYPOREi. — Hymenium lining the interior of tubules or pores.

3. Hydnei. — Hymenium consisting of teeth, tubercles or papillae.

B. Hymenium loivigate.

4. Thelephorei. — Hymenium horizontal and inferior.

5. Clavariei. — Hymenium investing a clavate or branched body.

6. Tremellinei. — Hymenium investing a lobed or convolute gelatin-
ous body.

Order I. — Agaricini.

Hymenophore inferior, lamellose. Lamellae radiating from the
center or from the stipe, covered on both surfaces with basidia and
paraphj'ses ; basidia 4-sporous at the apex.

TABLE OF GENERA OF AGARICINI.

A. Fungi fleshy, putrencent

1. Agaricus. — Lamellae membranaceous, soft, persistent.

2. CoPRiNus, — Lamellae dissolving into a black fluid.

3. BoLBiTius. — Lamellae becoming moist ; spores subferruginous.

4. Cortinarids. — Veil of cobwebby threads ; lamellae pulverulent
with subochraceous spores.

5. Paxillds. — Lamellae easily separating from the h3aiienophore ;
spores colored.

6. Hygrophords. — Lamellas somewhat vf&Ky.

7. Lactarius. — Lamellae with a milky juice.

8. Rdssdla. — Lamellae rigido-fragile.

9. Cantharellus. — Lamellae with the edge obtuse.

B. Fungi tough, persistent, subcoriaceous.

10. Marasmius, — Fungi marcescent, reviving when wet.

11. Lentinus. — Fungi fleshy-tough; lamellae lacero-dentate.

12. Panus. — Fungi fleshj^-coriaceous; lamellae entire.

13. Trogia. — Fungi tough, soft; lamellae fold-like, the edge crisp.

5fi Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

14. ScHizoPHTLLUM. — Fungi coriaceous; lamellae with the edge split
and re volute.

15. Lenzites. — Fungi corky; lamellre coriaceous.

Genus I. — Agaricus, Linn.

Laraellif membranaceous, soft, persistent, not tough nor deliquescent,
easily separable into two la^'ers, the edge acute; trama subfloccose;
universal veil never cobwebb}-.

The subgenera of the genus Agaricus are arranged in five series,
according to the color of the spores, as follows:

1. Leucospoki. — Spores white or whitish.

2. IlypoRHODii. — Spores rosy or reddish.

.^. Dermini. — Spores subferruginous, argillaceous or ochraceous.

4. Pratelli. — Spores purplish or brown.

5. Coprinarii. — Spores black.

TABLE OF THE SUBGENERA OF LEUCOSPORI.

A. Stipe central and veil present,
a. Lamelloi free from the stipe.

1. Amanita. — Universal veil discrete from the epidermis of the pileus.

2. Lepiota. — Universal veil concrete with the epidermis of the
pileus.

Ii. Lamelloi attacked to the stipe.

W. AuMiLi.AKiA. — ^'c'il partial, nnnuliforni.

li. Stipe central., veil absent.

c. Stijye fleshy or fbrons.

4. 'I'richoloma. — Lamella' sinuate.
.'). CLrrof'vi'.i;. — Tvamelhi' decurreiit.

d. Stipe cartilayinous, lamellae not decurrent.
(I. CoLLYBiA. — Pileus convexn-plano, the margin at first involute.

7. INIvcKNA. — Pileus campanulate, thn inarLriii straight.

e. Stipe cartilayinou.s-, lavielUv decurrent.
R. O.MPHALiA. — Pileus more or less umbilicate.

C. Stipe excentric or none.
'.). Plel'Kotus, — Pileus irregular or .sessile.

Subgenus I. — Amanita, Fr.
Spores white. Universal veil (the volva) at first contiguous, discrete

The Mycologic Flora of the 3Iiami Valley, 0. hi

from the epidermis of tlie pileus. Hymenophore discrete from the
stipe. All terrestrial.

A. Aanulus present.

a. Volva entire, 1, 2.

b. Volva circumscissile, 3, 4.

c. Volva broken up, 5.

B. Annulus absent, 6, 7.

A. Annulus manifest, superior.

a. Volva dehiscing at the apex; the limb free, persistent.

1, A. c^SAREUs, Scop. — Pileus hemispheric, expanded, somewhat
orange-color ; the margin striate ; the flesh yellowish. Stipe somewhat
ventricose, flocculose, stuffed with cottony fibres ; the volva and annu-
lus lax. Lamellae free, luteous.

In woods. This magnificent Agaric appears to be rare in the Miami
Valley ; it is not in Lea's Catalogue ; I have met with it as yetonl}'' at
the ''Pinnacles" near Dayton. My figures vary in size, with the pileus
4-6 in. in diameter, and the stipe 5-8 in. in height. The thick volva is
about the size of a hen's egg, and of like shape and color ; it is burst
at the apex by the growth of the pileus and remains entire about the
base of the stipe. The pileus is said to vary in color, being found yellow,
red and copper-color. This is the most showy of Agarics and well de-
serves the appellation "Fungorum Princeps" [Kaiserling, vulgodictus).
It has been celebrated as an article of diet from the most ancient times?
"Cibus Deorum," Clus. It was known to the ancient Romans under the
name "Boletus," and is said to have had the honor, under Agrippina's
orders, and Locusta's cookery, of poisoning the emperor Claudius ; in
memory of which event, it is now called Agaricus ccesareus, Caesar's
Agaric. It is the only ancient mushroom which we at once recognize by
the description of it. Pliny saj's " it originates in a volva or purse, in
which it lies at first concealed as in an egg ; breaking through this, it
rises upwards on its stalk ; the color of the cap is red ; it takes a week
to pass through the various stages of its growth and declension."

2. A. VERNUS, Fr. — White. Pileus ovate then expanded, somewhat
depressed, viscid; the margin orbicular, even. Stipe stuffed, then hol-
low, equal, floccose ; the limb of the volva free and closely sheathing
the stipe ; annulus reflexed, tumid. Lamellae free.

The spring Agaric is found in moist woods in spring and early
summer ; it is quite common, Pileus 2-.3 in. in diameter, the stipe 4-6

58 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

in. high. Dr. Cooke and Prof. Peck both give this as a species, though
Fries considers it a variet3^ of A. phalloides. It is readily distin-
guished from white forms of A. vaginatus, or of A. volvatus by the pre-
sence of the annulus.

b. Volva definitely circumscissile, the margined base persistent, the
upper j> art separating into thick warts upon the p ileus.

3. A. MuscARius, Linn. Pileus couvexo expanded; the margin stri-
ate; the flesli beneath the viscid cuticle yellowish. Stipe cobwebby
within, soon hollow, ovate-bulbous at the base; the volva adnate, con-
centricall}' scaly-margined; the annulus superior, lax. Lamellte reach-
ing the stipe and decurrent in striae. Spores .008 X -005 mm.

In woods, not abundant in our region. This species does not appear
in Lea's Catalogue, but I have met with it in all localities; it is very
common in the Eastern States. Pileus 3-6 in. broad, stipe 4-8 in. high.
The color of the European plant is commonl}^ orange or scarlet, but in
this country it is usuall}' bright yellow, sometimes var\ang to whitish.
The lamellae are white, sometimes with a yellowish tint. It is always
to be distinguished by the scaly-margined bulbous base of the stipe-
This plant, as its name indicates, is called the "Fly Agaric," because its
flesh has been used to poison flies, bugs, etc. la suflicient quantities,
it is a highly narcotic violent poison, producing delirium and death.
It is habituall}^ used by some of the Tartar tribes of Eastern Asia to
produce intoxication : a curious account of this may be found in Gold-
smith's Letters of a "Citizen of the World," letter xxxii. This state-
ment has recently been verified by George Kennan in a volume entitled
" Tent-life in Siberia," page 203.

4. A. PANTHERiNus, DC. — Pilcus convexo-expaudcd ; the margin
striate ; the flesh beneath the viscid cuticle white. Stipe stufled, then
hollow, nearly glabrous ; the base ochreate b}^ the volva, the margin of
which is entire and obtuse. Lamellce attenuate, free. Spores .0076 X
.0048 mm.

In pastures along the borders of woods. Pileus 4-6 in. in diameter,
stipe 5-7 in. long. Pileus white or brownish, never yellow or red, when
dr}', soft to the touch like kid leatlier; the annulus is usually midwa}'
of the stipe or distant from its apex, it is often found deflexed or with
its margin turnetl upward; the volva invests the base of the stipe
smoothl}', and has a separable or free margin, which is bluntly obtuse
or truncate. The species is reputed poisonous.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 59

c. The whole volva friable, broken up into scales and warts.

5. A. RUBESCENS, Pers. — Pileus convexo-expanded, strewn with un-
equal mealy warts ; the flesh becoming reddish. Stipe stuffed, taper-
ino- upward, scaly ; the annulus superior, entire. Lamellai attenuate,
reaching the stipe and decurrent in strioe. Spores .0076X-0058 mm.

On hills and bluffs in woods. Pileus 3 5 in. in diameter, stipe 3-5
in. long. The color of the pileus is dirty-reddish, pale flesh-color or
alutaceous ; when fully grown the margin is often striate ; it is char-
acterized by the reddish flesh. It is distinguished from all the other
Amanitas here enumerated by the complete absence of the volva about
the base of the stipe. It is commonly classed among the suspicious
funffi. though bv some said to be edible.

B. Annulus absent.

6. A. voLVATDs, Peck. — Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded,
sprinkled with small floccose scales, whitish, the disk pale brown ; the
margin striate. Stipe equal or slightly tapering upward, stuffed,
floccose- scaly, whitish ; the volva large, Arm, loose. Lamellae close,
free, white. Spores somewhat elliptic, .OlOX-007 mm.

In moist woods ; quite abundant in spring and summer. Pileus
2-4 in. broad, stipe 3-7 in. high, the volva 1|-2| in. long, and 1 in. in
diameter. My figures are much larger than Prof. Peck's typical plant.
This is a ver^' elegant species, well marked b}'^ the absence of the an-
nulus, and the presence of a large, thick, elongated volva. I find the
upper part of the volva sitting like a cap on the disk of the pileus, or
hinged on one side, and resting against the stipe, sometimes it has
fallen off on to the ground ; commonly, the volva is only burst at the
apex, and presents a free lobed margin. A dense mealiness invests
the pileus and stipe. The native American species have scarcely as
yet been tested in reference to their qualities as food ; such experi-
ments should bo instituted with great caution. I find only the Morel
and the Common Mushroom eaten by people in the Miami Valley ;
these two fungi are both delicious articles of diet.

7. A. VAGINATDS, Bull. — Pileus thin, campanulate then explanate; the
margin membranaceous, pectinate sulcate. Stipe hollow, tapering up-
ward, fragile, floccose-scaly ; the volva sheathing, loose. Lamellse
free, white. Spores oval, .0096X-0081 mm.

In woods, common throughout the season from spring to autumn.
Pileus 2-3 in. in diameter, stipe 4-6 in. in height, the volva 11^ in. long.

60 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

The pileus is common 1}' brownish or tawny, but is sometimes white,
and sometimes quite a deep brown, especially on the disk ; the pileus
and stipe both are usually quite smooth and glabrous. The volva is
commonl}' concealed beneath the surface of the ground, and is liable
to be overlooked. Badham says this species is edible, but it was for-
merly classed among suspicious fungi.

Note, — A. virosus, Fr., of Lea's Catalogue, has been omitted because
it does not appear to have been recorded elsewhere in the Eastern U. S.,
and because I have never met with it in the Miami Valle}' ; it seems
scarcely possible that I should not have found so conspicuous a fungus.
I have an Amanita figured, which is mouse-color, and resembles A.
strangulatus, Fr., but the spores are curved and apiculate, and very
different in measurement from the latter ; having had but the single
specimen, I can not venture to characterize it. Specimens of Amanitas,
differing from the seven here described, are earnestly desired by the
writer. a. p. m.

Subgenus II. — Lepiota, Fr.

Spores white (oreen in No. 10). Hyraenophore discrete from the
stipe*. Universal veil concrete with the epidermis of the pileus.
Lamellae free (except in No. 21), often remote. Terrestrial.

A. Pileus dry, scaly.

a. Annulus movable.

«'. Pileus brownish, 8, 9.
6'. Pileus whitish, 10, 11.

6. Annulus fixed.

c/. Pileus reddish, 12^14.
d'. Pileus blackish, 15, 16.
e'. Pileus whitish, 17, 18.

B. Pileus dry, granulose, 19 21.

C. Pileus viscid, 22.

A. Pileus dry, scaly,
a. Annulus movable.

a'. Pileus reddish brown.

8. A. PROCERUS, Scop. — Pilous flesh}', soft, ovate, then explanate,
umbonate ; cuticle thick, torn into seceding scales. Stipe hollow,
tall, bulbous, variegated, with appressed scales. Lamellae remote,
spores .0152X-0076 mm.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 61

Along the borders of woods and in pastures. Pileus 3-5 in. broad,
stipe 5-9 in. high. The pileus is tough, dry and strongly umbonate,
the cuticle being reddish brown, and broken so that the surface re-
sembles brown shaggy leather. The stipe is brown-scaly, with some
times peculiar snake-like spots,

9, A. RHACODES, Vitt. — Pileus fleshy, soft, globose, then explanate
or depressed ; the cuticle thin, reticulate, broken up into persistent
scales. Stipe hollow, even, bulbous ; the bulb ample, at first mar-
gined. Lamellae remote. Spores .0064X-0046 mm.

In pastures and meadows. Pileus 3-5 in. in breadth, stipe 5-9 in.
high, of the size of the preceding species ; it is also of the same red-
dish-brown color. But it is not umbonate, the disk being depressed
or somewhat umbilicate ; the flesh grows reddish after being broken
or bruised ; the stipe is never spotted. According to Worthington
Smith's measurement, there is a great difference in the size of the
spores. Prof. Peck expresses doubts as to this species being found
in this country, but I have had specimens which I confidently referred
here.

h'. Pileus white or whitish.

10. A. MORGANi, Peck. — Pileus fleshy, soft, globose, then explanate ;
the cuticle breaking up into seceding scales. Stipe cobwebby- stuffed,
somewhat bulbous, tapering upward. Lamellae remote, at first white,
then changing to greenish. Spores subelliptic greenish, .010-.012X
.007-.008 mm. (See Plate IL)

Open, dry, grassy grounds, in pastures and along the roadsides.
Pileus white, or the cuticle alutaceous, commonly 5-9 in. in diameter,
the stipe 6-8 in. long, though larger specimens are sometimes found-
This is the most conspicuous Agaric in the meadows and pastures of
the Miami Valley ; it appears to flourish from spring to autumn when-
ever there is abundance of rain. It is readily recognized by its green
spores, by which it is remarkably distinguished from all other Agarics.
See article by Prof. Chas. H. Peck, in Botanical Gazette, for March,
1879, also note by the writer in the September number.

11. A. MASToiDEUs, Fr.— Pilcus somewhat fleshy, soft, ovate -expand-
ed, umbonate; the umbo prominent; cuticle thin, seceding in papillaj.
Stipe hollow, slender, tapering equally from the bulb. Lamellae very
remote, pallid.

About old stumps in open woods. Pileus 1^-2^ in. across, stipe about

62 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

3 in. high; the margin in my figure is thin and striate; the color is
white, with a sordid or alutaceous cuticle seceding up to the conspicu-
ous umbo.

b. Annulus fixed.

c'. Pileus icith reddish or reddish- broton scales.

12. A. ACUTESQUAJioscs, Weinui. — Pileus fleshy, obtuse, at first hirto-
floccose, then echinate, with erect acute squarrose scales. Stipe stout,
bulbous. Lamelloe approximate, lanceolate, simple. Spores with a
nucleus on one side, oblong .0042X-0028 mm.

In woods in rich soil about old stumps. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, red-
dish-brown, with darker stjuarrose scales; the stipe 3-4 in. high, the
bulb sometimes with a crenate margin. Veil clinofino- to the margin
of the pileus, and finall^^ forming an ample annulus. Our plant seems
to differ from the European one, especially in the nature of the bulb.

13. A. RUBRO-TiNCTUs, Pcck. — Pilcus fleshy, soft, convex, then expla-
nate; cuticle reddish, fibrose-lacerate. Stipe hollow, glabrous, some-
what bulbous, tapering upward; annulus persistent. Lamellae free,
white.

Among the old leaves in rich woods. Pileus 1^-3 in. broad, stipe 3-4
in. long. This is a very beautiful plant; the pileus is bright red, and
the stipe white, smooth and shining, the cuticle breaks up into silky
fibres, which commonly remain.

14. A. AMERiCANDS, Pcck. — Pilcus couvcx, umbonatc ; tho margin
obscurely striate. Stipe glabrous, gradually enlarged below into a
long sub-ventricose bulb-like base. Lamellai free.

On lawns and elsewhere on grassy grounds. Pileus 2-3 in. broad,
stipe 3 4 in. high. The whole plant when handled or in dr^ang changes
to a dull pinkish-red color. The frail annulus is sometimes carried
away upon the margin of the pileus.

d'. Pileus with blackish or blackish broivn scales.

15. A FUSCosQUAMEUs, Pcck. — Pilcus convex, rough with erect point-
ed blackish brown scales. Stipe floccose, thickened at the base.
LamelliC free, white. Spores .0076X-0036 mm.

In rich woods among the leaves. Pileus li^-2 in. broad, stipe 2-3 in.
long. All parts of the plant somewhat whitish at first turn black in
handling.

16. A. FELiNUs, Pers. — Pileus flesh}^ thin, the umbo and the scales

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 63

blackish. Stipe hollow, fragile, rather equal, floccose-scaly ; the annu-
lus fugacious. Lamellae approximate, white. Spores .0055X-0035 mm.
In woods. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, stipe about 2 in. long. This is a
variety of ^. clypeolarius, Bull, according to Fries.

e'. Pileus with whitish or alutaceous scales.

17. A. CRISTATUS, A. & S. — Pileus slightly" fleshy, campanulate, obtuse;
cuticle at first contiguous, then seceding in subgranulose scales. Stipe
hollow, slender, equal, silky-fibrillose ; the annulus seceding. Lam-
ellae free, at length remote.

In woods among the old leaves. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, stipe 2-3 in.
high. This plant is remarkable for its offensive odor. The pileus is
whitish, alutaceous or yellowish, it is fragile, and often split and ir-
regular ; the stipe is curved or crooked and floccose.

18. A. MiAMENSis, n. sp. — White. Pileus somewhat fleshy, convex
then explanate, even, scaly. Stipe hollow, glabrous, nearly equal; the
annulus fragile. Lamellse approximate. Spores .006X'003 mm. (See
Plate III.)

In woods upon the old leaves. Pileus 1-1^ in. in diameter, stipe
about 2 in. long. This plant diff'ers from A. er7nineus, Fr., in its
habitat, and in the pileus being scaly, and the stipe glabrous.

B. Pileus dry, granulose.

19. A. NAUciNDS, Fr. — Whitish. Pileus fleshy, soft ; cuticle, thin,
glabrous, crumbling into granules; the center umbonate, even. Stipe
rather hollow, fibrillose, tapering upward from the thickened base ;
annulus thin, seceding. Lamellse free, approximate.

On slopes and grass}' grounds. Pileus 4-5 in. broad, stipe 3-4- in.
high, and nearly an inch thick at the base. I have seen very few speci-
mens of this plant, and have not had an opportunity to examine the
spores ; they are said by Fries to be globose. A similar plant is
called A. naucinoides by Prof. Peck ; in it the spores are subelliptic,
and .0080X-0056 mm.

20. A. CARCHARiAS, Pcrs.— Pilcus fleshy, convex, then plane, umbon-
ate, granulose, flesh-color. Stipe stuff"ed, then hollow, somewhat bulbous,
scaly, concolorous. Lamellse attached, pure white.

In woods among the old leaves, not common, Pileus 1-2 in. broad,
the stipe about 2 in. long.

21. A. GRANOsus, n. sp.— Pileus fleshy, convex, umbonate, furfuracc-

64 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

ous-granulose, ocbraccous; the disk rugose-plicate; the margin more
or less undulate or irregular. Stipe somewhat bulbous, tapering up-
ward, curved or crooked, stuffed, furfuraceous-scaly and ochraceous
below the annulus, pallid or brownish above; the annulus reflexed, per-
sistent. Lamellae adnate, whitish. Spores subelliptic .005 X •00'^ n^™-
(See Plate III.)

Gregarious or csespitose, growing on or near rotten stumps and logs
in woods. Pileus 2-3^ in. in diameter, stipe 2-4 in. long, ^ an inch thick
at the base. Related to A. amianthinus, Scop., but a ver3'^ much larger
plant, and with a different mode of growth.

C. Pileus with a viscid cuticle.

22. A. OBLiTus, Peck. — Pileus fleshy, convex or expanded, somewhat
umbonate, viscid, alutaceous or brownish. Stipe nearly equal, floccose,
viscid; the annulus obsolete. Lamellje free, whitish or yellowish.
Spores .004X.003 mm.

In woods, common. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, stipe 2-3 in. long. This
is readily recognized by its brownish, viscid pileus.

Note — A. clypeolarids, Bull., of Lea's list, is omitted. I am disposed
to think the A. clypeolarius of Fries' Icones has not yet been found
in this countr}'. The Lepiotas are very interesting plants, and I am
aware that I have not here exhausted the list of those that grow in our
valley ; several of those given need more studj^ and the measurement
of the spores.

Subgenus III. — Armillaria, Fr.

Spores white. Hymenophore confluent with the stipe. Veil partial
annuliforni.

23. A. MELLEUS, FI. D. — Pileus flesh3\ thin, explanate, scaly-pilose ;
the margin when expanded, striate, stipe spongy-stuffed; the annulus
floccose, spreading. Lamellae adnate, decurrent by a tooth, rather dis-
tant, pallid, at length somewhat reddish-spotted, meal.y with the spores.
Spores .008-.009X-005-.00G mm.

Verj' abundant in autumn in woods and fields about old stumps.

Pileus commonly 3-5 in. across, and stipe 4-6 in. high; though tiiese
measurements are exceeded. It occurs solitary', and is often densely
ciBspitose. The color is reddish or yellowish, the scales sometimes be-
coming brown; the stipe is firm, elastic and solid, more or less fibril-
lose. This is the only Armillaria as yet detected in the Miami valley.

The Myoologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 65

Subgenus IV. — Tricholoma, Fr.

Spores white (except in No. 27). Stipe fleshy, not corticate. H3'-
menophore confluent with the stipe, the lamellae sinuate behind.
All terrestrial.

a. Pileus white or whitish, 24, 25.

b. Pileus gray or violaceous, 26, 27.

c. Pileus brown or blackish, 28, 29.

a. Pileus white or whitish.

24. A. sPERMATicus, PauL— White. Pileus somewhat fleshy, convex,
then explanate, obtuse, repand, glabrous, viscid. Stipe stufl'ed, then
hollow, elongated, twisted, even. Lamellae emarginate, rather distant,
eroded. Spores .0056 mm. long.

In woods in autumn. Pileus about 3 in. in diameter, the stipe 3-4
in. long. The viscid pileus, shining when dry, and the twisted stipe
often tapering at the base, distinguish the species. I find it rather
scarce.

25. A. LATERARius, Pcck. — Pilcus convex or expanded, pruinose,
whitish; the disk often tinged with red or brown; the thin margin
marked with slight, subdistant, short, radiating ridges. Stipe nearly
equal, solid, white. Lamellae narrow, crowded, white, prolonged in little
decurrent lines on the stem. Spores oval, .0046 mm. long.

Around old rotten logs in woods. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, stipe 3-4 in.
high. The pinched up margin of the pileus is a convenient mark of
specific distinction.

b. Pileus gray or violaceous.

26. A. TERREUS, Schaeff. — Pileus fleshy, thin, soft, campanulate, then
expanded, umbonate, clothed with innate floccose or scaly down, mouse-
color. Stipe stuffed, nearly equal, appressed-fibrillose, whitish.
Lamellffi attached, decurrent by a tooth, crenulate, white-gray. Spores
somewhat elliptic, .0070X-0055 mm.

In woods, solitary. Pileus 2-8 in. broad, stipe about :'. in. high.
Very scarce. The spores in my specimen are rather Inrger than in the
British plant where they are given as nearly spherical and .0050 ram.
long; yet the agreement is close otherwise.

27. A. PERSON ATUS, Fr.— Piicus compact, then soft, convexo-plane^
obtuse, regular, glabrous, moist. Stipe solid, obese, somewhat bulbous,
villous. Lamellae rotundate-free, close, violaceous then sordid. Spores
pale salmon color, regular, .006X-003 mm.

66 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

In woods and thickets, September and October. Pileus 2-4 in. broad,
stipe 1-3 in. long, f in. thick. The whole plant in its prime is of a violet
or lilac hue; this changes with age to a pallid or dirty white color. The
pileus lias an oily appearance on the surface, but is watery not viscid;
the stipe is often ver}' short and thick for the size of the pileus. The
margin of the pileus is at first involute and villous-pruinose. The spores,
although reddish, are regular in shape, and not angular as in Entoloma.

c. Pileus brown or blackish.

28. A. CERiNDS, Pers. — Pileus flesh^'', convexo-plaue, obtuse or de-
pressed, becoming glabrous. Stipe stuffed, fibrillose-striate, glabrous at
the base, often brown. Lamelloe attached, seceding, close, j'ellow.
Spores oval, .0083 X. 0055 mm.

In open woods about logs and rotten wood. Pileus 1^-2 in. broad,
stipe about 1^ in. long. The plant I have so referred has the stipe
brown-tomeutose; in other respects it agrees quite perfectly.

29. A. MELALEDCUS, Pcrs. — Pileus fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, some-
what umbonate, glabrous, moist, growing pallid. Stipe stuffed, slender,
elastic, ratlier glabrous, whitish with a few dark fibrils, thickened at
the base. Lamella emarginate-attached, close, white. Spores uns^nu-
metrical, apiculate, .006 X -004 mm.

In woods in wet weather and on grassy grounds. Pileus 1^-3 in.
broad, the stipe 2-3 in. long. The pileus varies in color from a soot^'-
black when fresh and wet to pale when drj^; tiie lamellae and stipe are
white.

Note. — Our species of Tricholoma are remarkabl}' few in number,
and the individuals very scarce. Not a single species occurrs in
Lea's Catalogue. I am disposed to think I have had specimens of A.
Schumacher i, Fr., but they are not figured, and need verification. Being
so few in number, I have given them an artificial arrangement, in order
simply to facilitate their determination.

Subgenus V. — Cutocyije, Fr.

Spores white (except in No. 31). Stipe spong3'-stuffed, somewhat
elastic, externally fibrous. Margin of the pileus involute. Lamelloe
attenuate behind, adnate or decurrent, never sinuate. Fungi mostly
terrestrial.

The 3Iycologic Flora oj the Miami Valley, 0. 67

* A. Fungi solitary, pileus not infundibuliforra.

a. Pileus not white, 30-32.
li. Pileus white, 33-37.

B. Fungi csespitose, pileus more or less irregular, 38, 39.

C. Pileus infundibuliform, 40-42.

A. Pileus convex then plane or depressed, regular ; lamellce adnate
or regularly adnate-decurrent. Fungi solitary.

a. Pileus cinereotis, purplish or brown, not white.

30. A. NEBULARis, Batsch. — Pileus fleshy, compact, convexo-explanate,
obtuse, even, clouded with gray or dingy-brown. Stipe stufl'ed, firm,
fibrillose-striate. Lamellse somewhat decurrent, arcuate, close, white
then pallid. Spores . 0043 X. 0025 mm.

In woods, not common. Pileus 3-5 in. broad, stipe 3 in. long and
about 1 in. thick. This is a large Clitocybe, with a stout stipe and a
thick pileus. I have not yet found it myself; it is in Lea's Catalogue
where it is stated as growing "amongst dead leaves in a fern ravine,"

31. A. ocHRo-puRPUREDS, Berk. — Pileus subhemispheric, at length
depressed, fleshy, compact, tough, pale alutaceous, slightly changing to
purplish; the cuticle easily separable; the margin inflexed, at first
tomentose. Stipe paler, here and there becoming purplish, tumid in the
middle. Laraellje thick, purple, broader behind, decurrent. Spores
white or pale yellow.

In woodlands on clay soil. Pileus 2 in. across, stipe 2^ in. high, |
in, thick in the middle. This is one of Mr. Lea's new species, found
first at Cincinnati, then at Waynesville. It has also been found in New
York by Prof. Chas. H. Peck, the State botanist.

32. A. LACGATUS, Scop. — Pilcus somewhat membranaceous, convex,
then versiform, somewhat umbilicate, when mature, meal}' orsomewliat
scaly, hj'grophanous. Stipe stuffed, equal, tough, fibrous. Lamellte
adnate, thick, distant, brightly colored, at length white-pruinose.

In woods. Pileus 1-2 in. across, stipe 2-5 in. long. The pileus
is usually reddish brown or ochraceous, sometimes of a brighter color.
The lamellae are commonly flesh-color or violaceous,

b. The whole fungus white or whitish.

33. A. coNNEXus, Peck. — Pileus thin, convex or expanded, some-
what umbonate, minutely silkj^ white, sometimes faintly tinged with
blue, especially at the margin. Stipe solid, nearly equal, wiiitish.
Lamellae crowded, narrow, whitish, decurrent. Spores somewhat
ovoid, .007X,005 mm.

68 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

In woods. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, stipe 2-3 in. long. A veiy pretty
species. I find it sometimes quite bluish on the pileus; and sometimes
the stipe rather thicker than " tapering" at the base. The lamellae
sometimes appear a little rounded behind.

34. A. PHYLLOPHiLus, Fr. — White. Pileus fleshy, thin, rather plane,
umbilicate, glabrous, growing pale. Stipe rather hollow, terete, then
compressed, glabrous, white tomentose at the base. Lamellae, adnate-
decurrent, moderatel}'^ distant, white then 3'ellowish. Spores oblong-
ovoid, .0055X.0028 mm.

In woods among old leaves, especially of beech. Pileus 2-3 in. broad,
stipe 2-3 in. long. It sometimes occurs large and csespitose, the pileus
repand or even undulately lobed.

35. A. CANDiCANS, Pers. — White. Pileus a little fleshy, convex then
plane or depressed, even, out of a thin silky film becoming pure white,
shining. Stipe disposed to be hollow, even, waxy, shining. Lamellae
adnate, close, thin, finally decurrent.

In moist places in woods among the leaves. Pileus about 1 in.
across; stipe 1-2 in. high, incurved and villous at the base, the rest
glabrous. The pileus usually preserves a \evy perfect and regular
outline.

36. A. DEALBATDS, Sow. — White. Pileus a little fleshy, convex, then
plane and revolute, even, glabrous, somewhat shining. Stipe stuflfed,
wholly fibrous, slender, equal, somewhat pruinose at the apex. Lamellae
adnate, close, thin, white.

In pastures and grassy grounds. Pileus about 1 in. across, some-
times orbicular, sometimes \cvy wavy; stipe about 1 in. long, often
curved. It has a mild, mealy odor.

37. A. TRUNCicoLA. Pcck. — Pileus, thin, firm, expanded or slightly
depressed, smooth, dr}', white. Stipe equal, stufl!"ed, smooth, often ex-
centric and curved, whitish. Lamellae narrow, crowded, adnate-de-
current. Spores oval, .0048X.0037 mm.

In woods, growing on fallen trunks and branches, especiallj^of Maples.
Pileus 1-2 in. broad, stipe about 1 in. high. This species, like cyatlii-
formis, has a rather peculiar habitat for a Clitocybe.

B. Pileus more or less irregular; lamelloi unequally decurrent. Fun-
gi ccespitose, often connate.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 69

38. A. iLLUDENS, Scliw. — CsBspitose, reddish-yellow. Pileus fleshy,
glabrous, umbonate, convex, then expanded and depressed. Stipe very
long, firm, solid, glabrous, tapering at the base. Lamellae uneqiiall}'-
decurrent.

In woods, growing in great masses about old stumps. Pileus com-
mooly 4-6 in. broad, stipe 5-8 in. long, but these dimensions are some-
times much exceeded. This is a very showy and magnificent plant ;
it is a native of this country. It was first found in the woods of North
Carolina, by Louis de Schweinitz; it occurs in New England, New
York, Pennsylvania, and no doubt ranges westward to beyond the
Mississippi. These great masses of bright saffron-yellow color attract
the attention of the beholder at a great distance through the open
woods. Passing its prime it begins to blacken.

39. A. MONADELPHUS, u. sp. — Densely csespitose. Pileus fleshy, con-
vex, then depressed, at first glabrous, then scaly, honey color, varying to
pallid-brownish or reddish. Stipe elongated, solid, crooked, twisted,
fibrous, tapering at the base, pallid-brownish or flesh-color. Lamellae
short, decurrent, not crowded, pallid flesh-color. Spores white, a little
irregular .0076X.0055 mm. (See Plate IV.)

On the ground in wet woods from spring to late autumn. Pileus
1-3 in. in diameter, stipe 3-7 in. long. Symmetrical tufts of numerous
(20-50) individuals spring up from a common point in the ground.
In some of the tufts the pilei are of a beautiful bright honey-
yellow color, in others they are a dull yellow, dull reddish or
even brownish. The pileus is flnally more or less scaly. This species
does not appear to be closely related to any other Clitocybe ; in color
and general appearance it much resembles slender specimens of
Agaricus melleiis, but there is no ring.

C. Pileus infundibuUform ; lamellce equally decurrent.

40. A. iNFUNDiBULiFORMis, Schssfi".— Pilcus flcsh}', compact, then
soft, at first convex, umbonate, innate silky, afterward in fundi l)iili form,
flaccid, expallent. Stipe spongy-stufl'ed, soft, clastic, thickened down-
wards. Lamellas long-decurrent, a little close, pure white.

Among mosses and leaves in woods, common. Pileus 2-3 in. across.
Stipe 2-3 in. high. The color of the pileus varies from pale reddish to
alutaceous, and passing into white, but not at first white; it is some-
times variously crisped and lobed, the margin involute and downy, often
pinched up into little raised striae.

70 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

41. A. CYATHIF0RMI8, Bull. — Pileus fleshy-membranaceous, depressed
then infundibuliform, even, nearly glabrous, moist, hygrophanous,
margin for a long time involute. Stipe stuffed, elastic, tapering upward,
fibrlllose-reticulate. Lamella? adnate then decurreut, distant, joined
behind, sordid. Spores .008-.OlOX.005-.007 mm.

On the ground and on logs in woods. Pileus 1^-2^ in. across, stipe
about 2 in. long. The color is at first brownish, then clay-color or alu-
taceous. The margin, when fully expanded, becomes striatulate. The
stipe is colored as the pileus.

42. A. PRDiNosus, Lasch. — Pileus fleshy-membranaceous, umbilicate,
then infundibuliform, rather even, hygrophanous, sprinkled with a
leaden bloom. Stipe stuffed, somewhat ascending, fibrillose, pallid.
Lamellse adnate then decurrent, close, narrow, white, then sordid.

On the ground and also on trunks, in woods, late in autumn. Pileus
1-2 in. broad, stipe 1-2 in. long. The pileus is brown, growing cinere-
ous, sometimes scaly. This is one of Mr. Lea's finds that I have not
3^et met with.

Subgenus VI. — Collybia, Fr.

Spores white. Pileus convexo-plane, the margin at first involute.
Stipe hollow and cartilaginous, or medullate, with a cartilaginous bark,
rooting. Lamellae free or attached obtusel}'. Fungi epiphytal on
wood, leaves, etc., or rooting in the ground.

A. Stipe glabrous.

a. LamelliE broad, distant, 43, 44.
h. Lamellse narrow, close, 45-48.

B. Stipe not glabrous.

c. Lanielloe broad, distant, 49-51.

d. Lamellae narrow, close, 52-54.

A. Stij)e glabrous.

a. Lamelloi broad, distant.

43. A. iiADiCATUs. Relli. — Pileus flesh}^ tliin, convexo-plane,
gibbous, rugose, glutinous. Stipe stuffed, tall, tapering upward, rigid,
glabrous, at length sulcate. Lamelloe attached, disposed to secede,
distant, white. Sporos, .017X.010 mm.

In woods and fields about tlie bases of old stumps; one of the com-
monest Agarics from early spring till late in autumn; always readily
recognized l)y its long rooting stipe. Pileus usually 2-4 in. broad'

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 71

stipe 4-8 in. liigti, though these dimensions are sometimes greatly ex-
ceerled. The pileus varies much in color, being brownish, ochraceous,
pallid and even whitish; it is at first slim}'. The stipe is sometimes
twisted, and in the variety which most commonly grows with us, the
stipe is furfuraceous with minute scurfy particles.

44. A. PLATYPHYLLUS, Pcrs. — Pilcus fleshy- membranaceous, ex-
planate, obtuse, moist, fibrillose-virgate. Stipe stuflTed, equal, soft,
naked, striate, pallid ; the root premorse. Lamellte truncate-attached,
distant, very broad, white. Spores, .018X-013 mm.

In woods, on and about rotten logs, common from spring to autumn.
Pileus 4-7 in. across, stipe 3-5 in. high, and ^-f in. thick. The pileus
is watery, and varies in color from brownish and cinereous to whitish;
it is sometimes quite wavy and irregular. The stipe is white, very
stout and blunt at the base, with an abundant white mj^celium. Ours
may be the variety repens figured by Fries in his " Icones Selectas;" I
find the stipe sometimes hollow.

b. LamelloB narrotv, close.

45. A. BDTYRACEUS, Bull. — Pileus fleshy, convexo-expanded, umbon-
ate, even, glabrous, moist, expallent, the flesh becoming white. Stipe
somewhat stuffed, cartilaginous-corticate, conic, striate, dark reddish.
Lamellae nearl}' free, close, crenulate, white. Spores .0076x-0050 mm.

In woods, not common. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, stipe 2^-3^ in. high.
The color of the pileus exceedingly changeable, normally reddish or
brownish, then passing through ochraceous or alutaceous to pallid or
whitish. The stipe often twisted and downy or villous at the thick-
ened base. Our figure and specimens agree well with the figures of the
species in Dr. Cooke's illustrations.

46. A. DRYOPHiLus, Bull. — Pileus somewhat flesh}', rather plane, ob-
tuse, somewhat depressed, even, glabrous, expallent. Stipe hollow,
glabrous, reddish or yellowish. Lamella sinuate-attached, nearly free,
close, narrow, white or pallid. Spores .006 mm. in length.

Common in woods from early spring to autumn. Pileus 1-2 in. ])road,
stipe 2-3 in. high. Pileus commonly reddish-brown, sometimes paler,
of a watery substance, and easily detached from the stipe. Stipe
of the same color as the pileus, very smooth, often mycclio-enlargcd
at the base.

47. A. ESTENSis, n. sp.— Pileus a little fleshy, conic-campanulatc, then
depressed or even revolute, yellowish, with a pallid margin. Stipe

72 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

equal, hollow, glabrous, pallid. Lamellfe narrow, crowded, nearly fi'ee,
pallid, spores white, curved, .008 mm. long. (See Plate V.)

Growing among the fallen leaves in the woods from spring to
autumn. Pileus 1-2 in. across, stipe 2-3 in. high. It isclosel}^ related
to A. dryojJhilus ; both are common in Este's woods, where the observer
will readily distinguish them apart. The ^-ellowish color of the pileus
is seldom uniform ; sometimes it is in streaks or patches, sometimes
spread over the disk, leaving a pallid margin.

48. A. coLOREUs, Peck. — Pileus convex, then explanate and umbili-
cate, somewliat fibrillose, h3'grophanous, yellow, sometimes tinged with
red. Stipe hollow, glabrous, yellow, with a long crooked villous root.
Lamellffi moderately close, emarginate, j'^ellow. Spores .0083 mm. long.

Among decaying leaves and wood, solitary or subcsespitose. Pileus
|-1 in. broad, stipe 1-2 in. long without the root. The plant I have
here described comes so near Prof. Peck's plant, that I have so referred
it, although his description does not cover some of its marks. It re-
sembles A. cirrhatus in size and general appearance, but maintains a
uniform pale yellow color of stipe, pileus and lamellae.

B. Stipe velvety, Jioccose or pruinose.
c. Lamella} broad, distant.

49. A. VELUTiPES, Curt. — Pileus flesh}', thin, convexo-i)lanc, obtuse,
glabrous, viscid. Stipe stuffed, velvety, reddish-black, rooting.
Lamellas attached, distant, yellowish. Spores .006-.008 mm. long.

Common on and about stumps and trunks in woods, at the foot of
posts, along fence rows, etc.; appearing late in autumn and persisting
through the winter, new plants appearing with a mild spell of moist
weather, until spring. Somewhat ca'spitose, commonly ascending,
sometimes excentric. Pileus 1-3 in. broad, slimy, and of a beautiful tawny
color; sti[)e 2-5 in. long incurved, of a rich tawnj' brown, pale above.

50. A. STiPiTARius, Fr. — Pileus a little flesh}', convexo-plane, um-
liilicate, velvety-scaly or brown flbrillose. Stipe stuffed then hollow,
tough, brown, hirsutc-fibrillose. Lamellae seceding free, ventricose,
lather distant, white.

Upon sticks, roots of grasses, etc., gregarious. Pileus \-^ an inch
broad, the stipe 1-2 in. long. A very singular Agaric, with the habit
of a Marasmius. Pileus whitish, clothed with tawny or brown hairs or
rtbres which sometimes form scales.

51. A. zoNATUS, Peck. — Pileus thin, fleshy, convex then expanded,

The Jfycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 73

umbilicate, hairy-tomentose, tawny with obscure darker zones. Stipe
equal, firm, hollow, tomentose-fibrillose, brownish-tawn}'. Lamelloe
narrow, close, free, white. Spores s«»mewhat elliptic, .005 mm. long.

In woods on old sticks on the ground. Pileus ^-1 in. broad, stipe
14^-2 in. long. Under a lens the pileus is seen to be clothed with
coarse, densely matted, prostrate tawny or brown hairs. This curious
plant is quite common in our woods in summer.

d. LamellcB narrow, close.

52. A. LACHNOPHYLLUS, Berk. — Pileus somewhat fleshy, conic-hemi-
spheric, brownish-tawn}', velvety. Stipe hollow, brown-purple, shining,
pallid above, somewhat velvet3\ Lamellae free, velvet}', with tawny
pubescence.

On rotten pieces of wood, amongst dead leaves in woods, Waynesville.
Somewhat csespitose. Pileus f in. across, stipe 2 in.- high. I have not
yet seen this exquisite species of Mr. Lea's.

53. A. HARioLORUM, DC. — Pilcus somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then
hemispheric, plane or depressed, glabrous. Stipe hollow, tapering
upward, reddish, woolly-hirsute. Lamellae nearly free, rather close, nar-
row, white, growing pallid.

Among leaves, gregarious or somewhat caespistose. Pileus 1^-3 in.
broad, stipe 2-3 in. long. Pileus whitish or alutaceous.

54. A. ciRRHATUs, Schum. — Pileus somewhat fleshy, plnne, finely
silky, at length umbilicate. Stipe disposed to be hollow, flexuous,
equal, pallid, pulverulent; the root twisted, fibrillose. LanielLie adnate,
close, narrow, white.

Among leaves, rubbish, etc. Small, tough, white inclining to reddish.
Pileus ^ an inch broad, stipe i-2 in. long. The stipe generally lias
small yellowish tubers attached to it beneath the leaves or soil.

Subgenus VIL— Mycena, Fr.

Spores white. Pileus campanulate, more or less striate; the margin
at first straight and appressed to the stipe. Stipe tubular, cartilagin-
ous, tapering upward. Lamellae not decurrent, only uncinate by a
tooth. Fungi epiphytal or rooting.

A. Stipe without juice.

a. Pileus bright colored, 55, 56

b. Pileus dull colored, 57, 58.

74 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

B. Stipe with a colored juice, 59.

A. IStipe ivithout juice.

a. Pileus bright colored.

55. A. LEAIANUS, Berk. — Coespitose, viscid, bright orange. Pileus
somewhat flesh}-, convex; the margin striate. Stipe mostly curved,
strigose at the base. Lamellai distant, broad, emarginate-attached;
the edge a darker orange or vermilion. Spores elliptic, apiculate,
.0090X.0056 mm.

Growing in dense tufts on logs and branches in woods; xery abund-
ant throughout the year, from spring to autumn. Pileus about 1 in.
across, stipe 1-3 in. long. The plant is very viscid, and stains the
fingers that handle it. The bright orange color fades out as the plant
grows old. This very beautiful Agaric was named for Mr. Thomas G.
Lea, who was the first person to study the Fungi of the Miami Valley;
his original notice of it is dated May, 1844. It grows in New York
and New England.

56. A. PURUS, Pers. — Strong-scented. Pileus somewhat fleshy, cam-
panulate expanded, obtusely umbonate, glabrous, expallent; the margin
striate. Stipe rigid, even, nearly naked, villous at the base. Lamellae
broadly sinuate-attached, very broad, reticulate-connected, of a paler
color than the pileus. Spores .008 mm. long.

In woods among the leaves. With a taste and odor of radishes. Pileus
about 1 in. broad, stipe 2-3 in. high. Ours may be the pseudopurus oi
Cooke, but I have not seen the description, only the figure ; the rather
narrow lamellre and longer spores seem to correspond withCooke's figure.
The plant exhibits considerable diversity of color, being rose-colored,
lilac, lavender, pallid, and even white. It is commonly solitary or gre-
garious, scarcely caespitose.

b. Pileus dull colored.

hi. A. GALERicuLATUs, Scop. — Pilcus somcvvhat membranaceous,
conlc-campanulate tiien expanded, striate to the umbo, dry, glabrous.
Stipe rigid, polished, even, glabrous ; the base with a fusiform root.
Laraellai adnate, decurrent by a tooth, venose-connected, whitish
or flesh-colored.

Common in woods upon stumps and fallen trunks. Often densely
oaespitose, the stipes packed together at the base and strigose. Pileus
^-f in. broad, tiie stipe of variable length. The color whitish, cinere-
ous, tawny, or lirownish.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley^ 0. 75

58. A. FiLOPES, Bull. — Pileus membranaceous, obtusel3', campanu-
late, expanded, striate. Stipe filiform, flaccid, rather fragile, glabrous;
the base hairy, rooting. Lamellae free, lanceolate, close, white.

In woods among the fallen leaves, simple and solitary. Pileus \-^
in. broad, stipe nearly 2 in., besides the root. The color brownish or
livid gra}', rarely white.

B. The plant when cut or broken exuding a colored juice.

59. A. H^MATOPUS, Pers. — Csespitose. Pileus somewhat fleshy, cara-
panulate, obtuse; the margin denticulate. Stipe rigid, white, pulveru-
lent, when broken exuding a dark red juice. Lamellae adnate, whitish.

Common in woods upon logs; recognized at once by the dark-red
juice when broken. Pileus ^-1 in. in diameter, the stipe 2 in. or more.
The color is commonly a dark reddish or purplish, sometimes paler.
Our plant seems to be the same as the British plant described by B. &
Br. in the Handbook, but neither seems to me to be the plant of
Fries. The latter is even, the lamellae of one color, etc. Fries' figure
shows no striae.

Note. — The Mycenas like the Tricholomas appear to be remarkably
scarce in the Miami Valley. Yet being mostly very small plants, it is
quite likely several species have been overlooked. Leaianus, galericu-
latus and hcemntopus are common enough, other species must be rare,
and the individuals few in number.

Subgenus VIII. — Omphalia, Fr.

Spores white. Pileus somewhat membranaceous, more or less um-
bllicate. Stipe cartilaginous, usually thickened upward, and expanded
into the pileus. Lamellae truly decurrent.

A. Margin of the pileus at first inflexed.

a. Lamellae narrow, close, 60-G2.
6. Lamellae broad, distant, 63-65.

B. Margin of the pileus straight.

c. Lamellae broad, 66, 67.

d. Lamellae narrow, 68.

A. Pileus dilated from the first, the margin inflexed.
a. Lamella> narrow, close.

60. A. CHRYSEUS, Peck.— Yellow. Pileus plane or somewhat de-
pressed, umbilicate, striatulate, minutely scaly. Stipe nearly glabrous,
stuff-ed or hollow, sometimes curved. Lamellae close, rather narrow.

76 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

In woods. Pileus ^-1 in, broad, stipe l-\\ in. high. A beautiful
little Omphalia, growing on leaves, I have here referred to this species.
Some of my specimens are a little brownish on the pileus, with the
lamellae rather pale. It may prove to be something different.

61. A. EPiCHYSiuM, Pers, Pileus membranaceous, rather plane,
umbilicate; when wet, striate, cinereous-fuliginous; when dry, pallid,
silk}^ or flocculose-scaly. Stipe disposed to be hollow, glabrous,
cinereous. Lamellae briefly plano-decurrent, whitish-cinereous.

Growing on mouldy wood. Tender, soft, watery. Pileus ^-^ in. in
diameter, stipe an inch or more long. Sent by Mr. Meyncke, from
Brookville, Ind.

62. A. RDSTicus, Fr. — Pileus membranaceous, a little convex, um-
bilicate, striate, glabrous, h3'grophanous, when dry, even, a little silk^-.
Stipe somewhat stuffed, slender, glabrous, graj'-brown. Lamellse de-
current, thick, rather distant, gray; the edge arcuate. Spores some-
what elliptic, .008X-005 mm.

In moist places in woods. Pileus ^-1^ in. broad, at first gray, then
becoming whitish or brownish. The specimens agree well with Fries'
species, except in some cases the}' are much larger.

h. Lamellon broad, distant.

63. A. MURALis, Sow. — Pileus somewhat membranaceous, tough,
convex, umbilicate then infundibuliform, radiate-striate, glabrous,
reddish-brown; the margin crenulate. Stipe stuffed, short, glabrous,
concolorous. Lamellae decurrent, distant, pallid.

In neglected spots upon the ground. Pileus ^-1 in. broad, stipe ^ an
inch high.

04. A. UMiJELLiFERUs, Liuu. — Pilcus a little fleshy, convexo-plane;
when wet, radiate-striate; when dry, even, somewhat silky. The
margin at first inflexed, crenate. Stipe disposed to be hollow, short,
pubescent at the base. Lamellre decurrent, very distant, broadest
behind. Spores .0030X-0025 mm.

Upon turf or sod in swamps and pastures, also on rotten wood;
somewhat gregarious. Pileus |-1 in. broad, stipe 4-1 in. high. Pileus
depressed in the center, the margin deflexed and sometimes waved,
whitish, whitish-brown or yellow, darker when wet; the stipe whitish
or yellowish.

65. A. ALBOFLAVDS, u. sp. — Pilcus nosliy-membranaceous, some-
what infundibuliform, even, glabrous, the margin inflexed. Stipe

The Mycologic Flora of the 3Iiami Valley, 0. 77

stuffed, stout, thickened upward, white or yellowish. Lamellae de-
current, ver_y distant, arcuate, rather broad, thin, white then yellowish.
Spores nearly globose, .004. 005 mm. long. (See Plate V.)

In woods on rotten wood in spring and summer. Pileus 1^-3 in.
in diameter, stipe 1-2 in. long. The pileus is whitish and changes to
3'^ellowish as it passes maturity.

B. Pileus campanulate from the first, the margin straight and
appressecl to the stipe.

c. Lamelloi broad.

66. A. CAMPANELLA, Katsch. — ^Pileus membranaceous, convex, um-
bilicate, striate, hygrophanous. Stipe hollow, horny, clear brown; the
base attenuate, tawny-strigose. Lamellae decurrent, arcuate, venose-
connected, luteous.

Upon trunks in woods; csespitose, luteous-ferruginous. Pileus :|^-1
in. across, stipe i-2 in. long.

67. A. FIBULA, Bull. — Pileus membranaceous, cucullate then ex-
panded, somewhat umbilicate, striate, expallent, even when dr}', weak
orange-color. Stipe setaceous, concolorous. Lamellae long decurrent,
distinct, whitish. Spores .003 X -002 mm.

In moist places frequent among mosses, Pileus ^ an inch or less in
breadth, yellow or tawny with a dusky center; lamellae yellowish or
whitish; stipe 1-1^ in. high, yellow or tawny vvith a brownish apex.

d. LamellcB narrow.

.68. A, iNTEGRELLUs, Pcrs. — White, fragile, Pileus hemispheric
then expanded, pellucidstriate. Stipe very slender, short, pubescent
below. Lamellae decurrent, fold-like, distant, somewhat branched; the
edge acute. Spores .0125 mm. long.

Common on old rotten stumps; gregarious or caespitose. Pileus thin,
and membranaceous ^ an inch or more broad, stipe h-l in. long. I
have seen an old stump covered with them after abundant rains.

Subgenus IX. — Pleurotus.

Spores white. Stipe excentric, lateral or none. Fungi irregular,
epiphytal.

A. Stipe excentric.

a. Lamellae adnate, 69-72.

b. Lamellae decurrent, 73-75.

78 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

B. Stipe lateral, 76.

C. Stipe none ; pileus sessile.

c. Pileus uniform, 77, 78.

d. Pileus gelatinous, 79, 80.

A. Pileus entire, the stipe excentric.

a. LamellcB sinuate or obtusely adnate.

69. A. ULMARius, Bull. — Pileus fleshy, compact, convexo-plaue, glab-
rous, somewhat spotted, moist. Stipe rather excentric, thickened
downwards, somewhat tomentose. Lamellae attached, rather close,
broad, whitish. Spores nearly globose, .005 mm. long.

Upon trunks of trees, especially elm, frequent; in autumn. Pileus
3-7 in. broad, or sometimes larger, whitish or pale brownish, sometimes
marbled with livid spots; stipe ascending, 2-3 in. long, about 1 in.
thick, solid. Solitar}^ or csespitose.

70. A. SDBPALMATUS, Fr. — Cffispitose, reddish. Pileus fleshy, soft,
convexo-plane, obtuse, wrinkled; the cuticle gelatinous. Stipe ex-
centric, incurved, equal, fibrillose. Lamellre adnate, close, joined
behind. Spores minutely echinulate, nearl}'^ globose, .0056-.0070 mm.
long.

On timber, old trunks, etc. This curious species was sent me from
Brookville, Ind„ by Mr. O. M. Meyucke; this appears to be the first
locality in which it has been met with in this countr3% The specimens
1 have seen are l|-2 in. wide, with a stipe f-1 in. long. The British
plant measures 3-4 in. broad, with a stipe of 1-2 in.

71. A. cuASPEDiDS, Fr. — Cajspitose. Pileus fleshy, more or less ex-
centric, crenate and lobed, even, glabrous. Stipe solid, firm, elastic,
glabrous, pallid. LamelliB adnate, close, narrow, white. Spores
nearly globose, .0056 mm. in diameter.

On trunks in woods. Pileus 3-5 in. broad, stipe 2-3 in. long. The
whole Y)lant is quite hard and tough; the pileus in my specimens,
grayish or brownish, the margin much folded and lobed; the stipe
rather thicker below. This seems to be the first record of it in North
America.

72. A. LiGNATiLis, Fr. — Pileus fleshy, toiigli, convex then plane of
umbilicate, irregular, at first flocculose-pruinose, afterward glabrous.
Stipe stuffed then hollow, rather slender, irregular, somewhat villous.
LamelljB aduate, close, narrow, white. Spores .003.004 mm. long.

The 3Iycologic Flora oj the 3Iiami Valley, 0. 79

On wood of beech and maple. Pileus 1-3 in, broad, stipe an inch or
less in length. Cominonl}' whitish, with a strong mealy odor.

b. Lamellce. decurrent.

73. A. coRTiCATDS, Fr. — Pileus compact, entire, densely villous, at
length floccose-scaly. Stipe firm, rooting, somewhat excentric,
fibrillose; annulus membranaceous, lacerate. Lamellaa decurrent,
rather distant, divided, white, anastomosing behind. Spores large,
elliptic-oblong, .OllX-005 mm.

On trunks in woods. Pileus in m}^ specimens about 4 in. in
diameter, the stipe 2-3 in. long. These specimsns which were very few
in number, may have been the variet}^ tephrotrichus ; the annulus was
obsolete with the veil appendiculate around the margin of the pileus.
The whole plant was clear white.

74. A. SAPiDus, Kalch, — Csespitose. Pileus flesh}-, somewhat ex-
centric, deformed, glabrous; the center depressed. Stipes solid,
arising out of a common fleshy tubercle, glabrous, white. Lamellae
decurrent, rather distant, whitish. Spores with a lilac tinge, oblong,
or a little curved and pointed, .0083X-^037 mm.

Very common on all sorts of fallen trunks and branches, from eai-ly
spring till late in autumn, and even in the mild weather of winter.
Pileus commonly 3-6 in. in diameter, the stipe 1-2 in. long or the
pileus nearly sessile. The plant is various in form and color, being
commonly white or clouded with brown; the flesh is always white.
Clear white paper will disclose the lilac tint of the spores.

75. A. SALiGNUs, Abb. d. Schw.— Pileus fleshy, compact, spongy,
somewhat dimidiate, horizontal, at first pulvinate, even, afterward the
disk depressed, somewhat strigose. Stipe short, toraentose. Lamellaj
decurrent, some of them branched, eroded, distinct at the base, nearly
the same color as the pileus. Spores .009X-0038 ram.

" Upon trunks of willows late in autumn, solitary." — Fries. Pileus
convex, 4-6 in. broad, stipe excentric or lateral, sometimes obsolete ;
commonly fuliginous-cinereous, though sometimes ocliraceous. Lea's
Catalogue is authority for this plant. " On a prostrate buckeye, Cin-
cinnati, December." It is strange that sapidus, so common as it is, is
not in Lea's Catalogue. Unless salignus shall yet be verified, we must
conclude that Mr. Lea mistook sapidus for salignus.

B. Pileus definitely lateral, not marginate behind.

76. A. SEROTINUS, Schrad.— Pileus fleshy, compact, viscid. Stipe ex-

80 Cincinnati Society of j^Tatuval History.

actly lateral, thick, scal}^ with sooty points. Lamellae determinate,
close, 3'ellow or pallid. Spores oblojg, .005X-002 mm.

Upon fallen trunks, common, late in autumn and in the winter.
Pileus commonly 2-3 in. across, 3'ello\vish-green or olivaceous, the cuti-
cle at first viscid, the margin slightly involute.

C, Pileus at firnt resupinate., the lamella', concurrent to an excen-
fric point, afterward the pileus reflexed, sessile.

r. Pileus uniform, the cuticle not gelatinous.

77. A. pixsiTUS, Fr. — Whitish. Pileus fleshy, soft, at first resupin-
ate, afterward expanded, horizontal, sessile, silky- villous, undulate.
hygro|)hanous. Laniclhv broad, distinct. Spores of a sordid color.

"On trunks of trees, rare." — Fries. Said to resemble A. mollis,
Schffilf, Color of the pileus sordid when wet, pure white when dry.

78, A. NiGEK, Schw. — Black. Pileus fleshy, tough, at first resupin-
ate, then expanded, sessile, somewhat reniform, tomentose, glabrate
toward the margin. LamelliE thick, broad, close; the edge cinereous.
Spores w?iite, oblong, ,007 X -004 mm.

In woods on fallen branches. Pileus about £?ths of an inch wide, and
■k an inch long. I find a black Pleurotus which I take to be
Schweinitz's species; I do not have his description, and therefore sub-
mit the one given. It is a very interesting species; it seems singular
that the spores should be white. It is quite tough and revives well
after being dried.

d. Pileus with the cuticle ciscid or arlatinous.

70. A. MASTiiuCATUs, Fr. — Pileus fleshy, the upper stratum gelatin-
ous, at first rosupinate, afterward expanded, sessile, lobed, scaly,
mouse-gray. Jiiimella; broad, rather distant, whitish-gray. Spores
oblong, oblicpie, .OOSX-OOf) min.

Upon fallen trunks iu woods. Imbricated; pileus 1-4 in. across,
lobed in the larger specimens, flaccid, rough, with hairs and rigid
points intermixed; some oftlu; hairs or points are blackish. Evidently
rare; I li:ivc found it hut once,

80, A. Ai.<iii>us, Fr, — I'ilcus lleshy, at first rcsupinate, afterward
expanded, reniform; the cuticle thin, viscid, glabrous, reddish brown.
Lamella' ratlier broad, close, yellowish.

On rotten wood. Pileus al)out 1 in. across, reddish umber or
cinereous, usually ciespitosc Jind imbricated.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 81

Note. — It is hoped the preceding pages will prove a fair introduction
to the White-spored Agarics. This is the second effort, within the
writer's knowledge, to introduce the student to a systematic knowledge
of the Agaricini of an}' region of the U. S., the first being Prof. Chas.
H. Peck's Agaricini of New York State, in the Twenty-third Report of
the State Museum of Natural History. It is not to be expected that I
have found all the species, yet I have increased the list from :U in
Lea's Catalogue to 80. Compared with the corresponding number in
Mr. Frost's list of the fungi about Brattleboro, Vt., a region un-
doubtedly richer in this class of Fungi, there are in the latter 100
species of Leucospori. We will certainl}- make some additions, and
I hold in reserve some figures which as yet appear to me to be new
species. That I do not make some mistakes in the determination and
identification of species, would be to accomplish something that has
not yet been done in this country, even with flowering plants; but the
greater part of these plants have been seen by me before in the
Eastern States, and furthermore, specimens or figures of many of the
remainder have been submitted to the most competent authority in
this country-, Prof. Chas. H. Peck, the State Botanist of New York.

These pages, and what may follow, are arranged according to the
Hymenomycetes Europtei, of the illustrious Elias Fries, of Sweden; this
arrangement accords also with the Handbook of British Fungi, by
Dr. M. C. Cooke. It is designed to introduce the student, through the
medium of our local flora, to a more extended knowledge of the
Hymenomycetes of North America, by means of the works above
mentioned, which are the most accessible to students. The specific
descriptions of Fries, which are models of perspicuity and elegance,
are translated with great care; such variations as may appear in our
species along with other general observations on locality and time of
growth, are made in appended remarks. The remaining Agarici will
form the subject of a second paper. a. v. m.

[to be continued.]

VOL.VI.

Cue lijOTHiml rftte €tii, Ji:ir,??'^tuml lli^rfj^ts

Plate 2.

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AGARICUS MORGANI, PECK.

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The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, O. 97

THF MTCOLOaiC FLORA OF THE MIAMI VALLEY, 0.

By A. P. Morgan.
[Continued f7'om p. 81.]

TABLE OF THE SUBGENERA OF HYPORHODII.
A. Stipe central, lamellce free.

10. VoLVARiA. — Veil universal, discrete, membranaceous, persistent.

11. Pluteus. — Veil none, margin of the pileus straight.

B. Stipe central, lamellce attached,
a. Stipe fleshy or fibrous.

12. Entoloma. — Lamellse sinuate.

13. CuTOPiLDS. — Lamellse decurrent.

h. Stipe cartilaginous.

14. Leptonia. — Pileus convexo-plane, the margin at first inflexed.

15. NoLANEA. — Pileus campanulate, the margin straight. {No
species yet.)

Subgenus X. — Volvaria, Fr.

Spores roSe-color. Veil universal, free persistent, discrete from the
epidermis of the pileus (volva). Lamellse rotund ate -free, ventricose

81. A. BOMBYCiNUs, SchssfF. — White. Pileus fleshy, soft, campanu-
late then expanded, somewhat umbonate, silky-fibrillose. Stipe solid,
tapering upward, glabrous; the volva very ample. Lamelke free, Uesh-
color. Spores regular, .007X.005 mm.

Upon trunks of trees in woods; sometimes growing out of knot-holes
of standi7i(j trees, or even out of the augur holes in Sugar Maple.
Pileus 3-5 in. broad, the stipe about 3 in. long. The pileus is at first
inclosed in the large slimy tough volva, but is soon protruded leaving
the volva persistent at the base of the stipe; it usually remains broadly
campanulate, and is covered over with white or yellowish-while silky
fibrils. This is one of the most showy Agarics, and is not uncommon
in the Miami Valley.

Subgenus XI. — Plcteus, Fr.

Spores rosy. Destitute of volva and annulus. Laraellai rotundate
behind, free.

98 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

a. Pileus scaly or priiiyiose.

82. A. CERViNDS, Schaeff. — Pileus fleshy, campanulate, then expanded,
even, glabrous ; the cuticle afterward seceding in fibrils or scales ; the
margin naked. Stipe solid, black-fibrillose. Lamellae free, white, then
flesh-color. Spores regular, .0058X-0046 mm.

On stumps and old logs in woods ; one of the commonest Agarics
throughout the year from early spring till winter. Pileus commonly
about 3 in. in diameter, and stipe 3 in. long, though it varies consider-
abl}' in size, as well as in color, and is often found much larger than
these dimensions. Color sooty, smoky-gray, tawny-yellow and whitish,
the stipe often white.

83. A. GRANDLARis, Peck. — Pileus convex, then expanded, somewhat
umbonate, rugose-wrinkled, sprinkled with minute blackish granules,
brown or brownish-yellow. Stipe solid, pallid or brown, velvet}', with
a short, close plush. Lamellae free, close, ventricose, whitish then
flesh-color. Spores nearl}' globose, about .005 mm. in diameter.

On old logs in woods, especially in damp ravines. Pileus 1.^ 2^ in.
broad, stipe 2-3 in. long. This is a very pretty species, not uncommon
in our woods. I at first took it for the large form of A. nanus, Pers.,
though I could never find a white stipe; afterward I found that Prof-
Peck had made a new species of it, as above. The granules form a
sort of plush which is more dense on the disk of the pileus and on its
wrinkles.

h. Pileus glabrous.

84. A. LEONiNDS, Schseff". — Pileus somewhat membranaceous, cam-
panulate then expanded, glabrous, nak(Ml, luteous; the margin striate.
Stipe solid, glabrous, striate. Lamellae free, yellow flesh-color. Spores
regular, elliptic.

On deca^-ed branches in woods. Pileus 1-3 in. broad, stipe 2-3 in. high.
The pileus is tawny yellow, shaded with briglit orange or purplish-
brown; the stipe is downy at the base, tapering upward, twisted and
striate, 3'ellow or ochraceous shaded with orange.

85. A. CHRYSOPHiEus, Scliseff". — Pileus somewhat membranaceous,
campanulate then expanded, even, naked, glabrous and virgate,
cinnamon ; the margin striate. Stipe disposed to be hollow, glabrous.
Lamellae free, white then flesh-color.

On trunks of beech and other wood; somewhat gregarious. Pileus
1-3 in. across, stipe 2-4 in. long. The color of the pileus yellowish or
ochraceous-brown; the stipe whitish, mostly twisted.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 99

Subgenus XIT. — Entoloma,

Spores ros}'. Pileus somewhat fleshy, the margin incurved. Stipe
fleshy or fibrous, soft. Lamellse sinuate-attached behind or seceding.

a. Pileus umhonate.

86. A. CLYPEATus, Linu. — Pileus slightly fleshy, campanulate then
explanate, umbouate, glabrous, lurid, hygrophanous. Stipe floccose-
stuflTed, tapering upward, fibrillose, becoming pale. Lamellse rotun-
date-attached, seceding, serrulate, dirty flesh-color. Spores irregular,
angular.

In cultivated and waste places and in meadows. Pileus 3-5 in.
across, stipe 3-4 in. high.

87. A. STRiCTioR, Peck. — Pileus thin, somewhat membranaceous,
convex or expanded, umbonate, smooth, shining, hygrophanous;
striatulate, grayish-brown. Stipe straight, equal, hollow, nearly
glabrous, with a dense white mycelium at the base. Lamellffi rather
broad, rounded or deeply emarginate, pale flesh-color. Spores irreg-
ular.

Ground in groves and on their borders. Pileus 1-2 in. diameter,
stipe 2-4 in. long. The umbo is small, but distinct, the stipe is quite
straight, and the aspect of the whole plant is beautifully regular and
symmetrical.

6. Pileus not umhonate,

88 A. RHODOPOLius, Fr. Pileus slightly fleshy, campanulate-ex-
panded, gibbous then somewhat depressed, hygrophanous; the margin
flexuous, at first inflexed. Stipe hollow, nearly equal, glabrous, pure
white, pruinose above. Lamellse adnate then sinuate, white then
rosy. Spores very irregular, angular.

In humid places in woods. Pileus 2-3 in. across, stipe 3-4 in. high.
The younger pileus fibrillose, soon glabrous, when wet livid or
brownish, the margin slightly striate, when dry tawny or paler and
and silky-shining.

Subgenus XIII.— Clitopilus, Fr.

Spores rosy. Pileus with the margin at first involute. Stipe fleshy
or fibrous. Lamellae decurrent.

89. A. ABORTivus, P.. & C— Perfect, imperfect or altogether abortive.

Perfect form : Pileus fleshy, convex, then expanded and more or
less irregular, gray or lilac in color. Stipe solid, nearly equal or

100 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

sriiiic" nai (icfftrracd, concolorons. Lainelhx} arcuate and long-decurrent
in some spociiuens, in otliors nearly plane and adnate-decunent, at
first grayish, at length briglil flesh color. Spores angular.

The imperfect and abortive forms present all stages of imperfection
lo a complete obliteration of all semblaiJce of stipe and pileus when the
fungus consists of a rounded more or less lobed mass.

In woods about old logs and stumps. Pileus .3 in. or more in breadth,
stipe 2-.1 in. long. The abortive forms sometimes cohere together in
lave nifisscb. There is an ndnr of fresh meal, and a not unpleasant

t:. .

SUBGENDS XIV. — Lei'tonia, Fr.

Sjwrcs rosy. Pileus thin, umbilicate, or with the disk darker ; the
margin at first incurved. Stipe cartilaginous, tubular, polished,
winning. Lamellae at first attached or adnate, but easily seceding.

90. A. AsruELLUS, Fr. — Pileus somewhat membranaceous, convex
then explanate, sometimes glabrous, sometimes fibrillose, striate, the
umbilicus vilhtus and at length scaly, fuliginous, then livid gra}-. Stipe
hollow, slender, even, glabrous. Lamella' adnate, seceding, equally at-
tenual<? from the stipe to the margin, whitish-gra}'.

In pastures and grassy places. Pileus 1-lA in. broad. Stipe 1-2 in.
h)ng. Stipe typically livid, but varies in color from brown to green and
biue. Pilous at first dingy or mouse color, soon plane and livid-gray.

yote. — Our Hyporhodii have not yet been looked for with sufficient
rare; three or four of the subgenera are yet wanting, which must have
Home reprcsentativcK. I have had specimens of four oi- five other
Kpeci<'H, but so few in number, or so imperfect, tiiat I am not yet able
U» nKsign them t<» any place. A>/(iricn.s sapidiis^ a common Plcurotus,
with lilac tintc<| spores, and I'dims ihirsali^, with icd spores, are apt to
be looked for in this si'iios.

TAI3LL-; OF THE SUBGENERA OF DERMINI.

A. Stipe central, .flashy or Jibroiis. .
II. Sti])C annulate.
If). Phoi.iota. — Lamellffi attached to the stipe.

//. Stipe not annulate.

a'. LamelUr. sinnate-adnate.
17. Inoctbk. — Pileus dry, scaly, fibrillose or silky.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 101

18. Hebeloma. — Pileus viscid, glabrous.

&'. LamellcB adnate or decurrent.

19. Flammula. — Pileus with tlie margin at first involute.

B. Stipe central, cartilaginous.

c. Lamelloi free.

20. Pldteolus. — Pileus with the margin at first straight and ap-
pressed to the stipe.

d. Lamellm attached.

c'. LamellcB not decurrent.

21. Naucoria. — Pileus with the margin at first inflexed.

22. Galera. — Pileus with the margin at first straight and appressed
to the stipe.

d'. LamellcB decurrent.

23. Tdbaria. — Pileus plane or depressed.

C. Stipe eccentric or none.

24. Crepidotds. — Pileus eccentric, lateral or resupiuate.

Subgenus XVI. — Pholiota, Fr.
Veil partial, annulate. Lamellae attached to the stipe.

A. Terrestrial, not caespitose, 91, 92.

B. Lignatile, csespitose.

a. Pileus scaly.

a'. Lamellae at first whitish, 93-95.

&'. Lamellae at first yellow, 96 98.
h. Pileus glabrous, 99, 101.

A. Terrestrial, rarely ccespitose.

9L A. DURUS, Bolt. — Pileus rather compact, convexo plane, glabrous,
at length rimose-areolate; the margin even. Stipe stuffed, hard, ex-
ternally fibrous, at the apex somewhat thickened and mealy; the an-
nulus somewhat lacerate. Lamellae adnate, ventricose, livid then brown-
ferruginous. Spores ochraceous-brown, almost ferruginous, .009^.006
mm.

In gardens, hot houses, etc. Pileus 3 in. or more broad, the stipe
short, about half an inch thick. Pileus pale tawny, or brownish tan.

92. A. PRiECOx, Pers. — Pileus flesh}^ soft, convexo-plane, becoming
glabrous, even, pallid. Stipe medullate then hollow, cylindric, mealy-
pubescent, afterward glabrous; the annulus white. Lamellae rotundate-

102 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

attached, close, white chaniring to brown. Spores browu, sometimes
inclined to be irregular in shape, .OOSX-OOS mm.

Upon lawns, on grassy places along paths; sometimes very abund-
ant after rains in spring, and the forepart of summer. Pileus 1^-3 in.
in diameter, stipe 2-4 in. higli. Pileus white or palc-tawny, sometimes
yellowish; stipe somewhat llcxuous, equal or tapering downward, white
or shaded with buff; the annulus often dependent in fragments from
the edge of the pileus.

B. Lignalilc or epiphytal, generally ccespitose.
a. Pileus scaly, not hygrophanous.
a'. LamelloB at first whitish.

93. A. SQCAKKOsoiDES, Pcck. — Pileus firm, convex, viscid when
moist, at first densely covered by erect papillose or subspinose tawny
scales. Stipe equal, firm, stuffed, rough with thick squarrose scales,
white above the thick floccose annulus, pallid or tawny below.
LamelljE close emarginate, at first whitish, then pallid or dull cinna-
mon. Spores elliptic, ferruginous, .005X.004 mm.

Dead trunks and old stumps of maple in woods, in autumn.
Densely cajspitose; pileus 2 4 in. broad, stipe 3-5 in. long. This
species is closely related to A. squarrosus, with which it has no doubt
been confused; but the latter is dry, not viscid, and is differently
colored. I take this to be the A. squarrosus of Lea's Catalogue.

94. A. i.iMoNELLUs. Peck. — Pileus thin, convex or expanded, some-
what uml)onate, viscid, rough with scattered erect reddish-brown scales,
lemon-yellow. Stipe equal, solid, rough with revolute or recurved
scah-s. pallid (»r yellowish ; the annulus lacerate. Lamellae narrow,
close rniiii.l.-,1 behind, wliitisli. Spores elliptic, ferruginous, .OOGx-005
nun.

Prostrate trunks of beeeli. in woods. Cffispitose ; pileus 1-2 in.
broad, stipe 2-3 in. long. This species is easily distinguished by its
lively lemon-yellow color. 'I'he redilish brown scales on the surface of
the pileus finally become scattered aiid remote.

95. A. Ai-iiucKKNiLATUS, Peck. — Pileus fleshy, firm, convex or cam-
panuhite, H(»mewhat uinbonatc, viscid, rough with dark-brown or
blackish floccosj' scales, yellc»wish-brown. Stipe firm, nearly equal,
stuffed or hollow, while above the evanescent annulus, scaly and
pallid below. Lamellaj broad, rather distant, emarginate, the edge
wliite crennlate, grayish, then ferruginous. Spores somewhat elliptic,
rather acute at each end, OIlX-OOG mm.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 103

Growing out of the base of standing maple trees, > Pileus 2-3 in.
broad, stipe 3-5 in. long. This is a very marked species and rather
rare, though it is liable not to be seen by reason of its habit of nest-
ling between the roots of the maple. Under a lens the lamellae appear
to be beaded on the edge with milk}' globules.

h' . Lamellce at first yelloio.

96. A. sPECTABiLis, Fr. — Pileus compact, con vexo -plane, dry ; the
cuticle torn into silky scales or fibres. Stipe solid, ventricose, some-
what rooting, meal}' above the annulus. Lamellae adnate-decurrent,
close, narrow, yellow then ferruginous. Spores ferruginous, oblique,
.009X.006 mm.

At the base of oak stumps. Somewhat csespitose ; pileus 3-5 in.
broad ; stipe 3-5 in. long, and 1 in. thick in the middle. Pileus thick,
tawny or golden in color, then growing paler ; flesh pale yellow, with
here and there a tinge of sulphur. A large coarse species not uncom-
mon in autumn, which does not appear to grow eastward.

97. A. ADiPosus, Fr. — Pileus compact, convexo-plane, obtuse, luteous,
glutinous, squarrose with superficial, seceding, concentric, darker
scales. Stipe sturted, somewhat bulbous, luteous and seal}' as the
pileus. Lamellae adnate, broad, luteous then ferruginous. Spores
ferruginous, .007X-005 mm.

At the base of trees, especially beech. Caespitose, very large, shin-
ing when dr}', white within ; the scales thick, fexTuginous. Pileus 3-5
in. broad, the stipe 3-5 in. long. This is a beautiful species growing
in large tufts. Compared with the preceding, the pileus is very viscid,
the stipe nearly equal, the flesh white within, and the lamellae broad.
Lea's Catalogue.

98. A. TUBERCDLosus, Schffiff". — Pileus, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse,
dry; the cuticle broken up into innate, appressed, small scales. Stipe
hollow, incurved, short, bulbous fibrillose; the annulus somewhat
membranaceous, deciduous. Lamellae emarginate, broad, serrulate,
yellow, somewhat cinnamon. Spores bright ferruginous, elliptic,
.0083X.0056 mm.

Growing out of solid timbers, little decayed. Rather solitary; the
pileus 2-3 in. broad; the stipe 1-2 in high, rather slender and some-
what bulbous where it starts from the wood. The pileus is quite thick,
the flesh white; the lamellae are very broad,

6. Pileus glabrous^ hygrophanous.

99. A. MUTABiLis, Schaeff, — Pileus fleshy, convexo-explanate, glab

104 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

rous, expallcut; the margin thin. Stipe stuffed then hollow, rigid,
scaly-squarrose, ferruginous-blackish downward. LamclliE adnate-
decurrent, clos3, rather broad, pallid then cinnamon. Spores brown-
ferruginous, .OllX-007 mm.

Upon stumps and fallen trunks, rarely upon the ground. Cffispitose;
pileus U-2.i in. in breadtli, stipe 2-3 in. long, though the plant as its
name indicates is quite variable in size and appearance. Pileus cinna-
mon, becoming pale when dry, commonly more or less umbonate and ir-
regular. The stipe in my figures is rather smooth.

IdO. A. MAKGiNATUs, Batsch. — Pileus a little tleshy, convexo-expand-
ed, glabrous, moist, hygrophauous; the margin striate. Stipe hollow,
soft, not scaly, pruinose above the fugacious annulus; the base darker,
white velvety. Lamellie adnate, close, narrow, watery cinnamon.

On ground and wood in a damp ravine; in spring. Pileus 1-1^ in.
across, stipe about 2 in. long. Oi' a watery substance; the veil often
curtained; the stipe somewhat librilluse or striatulate. Color watery-
cinnamon, changing to alutaceous or whitish.

\U\. A. u.MCOLOR, Fl. D. — Pileus a little fleshy, campanulate then
convex, somewhat uml)onate, glabrous, rather even, h^'grophanous.
Stipe stuffed tlien hollow, nearly glabrous, concolorous; the annulus
thin, entire. Lamelhc adnate-seceding, broad, somewhat triangular*
ochraceous-cinnumon. Spores ferruginous, oblong ovoid, .0076X.O056
mm.

(Jii failtMi liunks and branches in woods, especially along the damp
ravines; in autumn. Ca^spitose or solitary; pileus about 1 in. in di-
ameter, stipe about 1 in. long. This little plant is very abundant; it
is well marked by its regular shape, smooth surface and persistent
annulus. 'I'he color is a brownish, ferruginous, drying to paler or
ochraceouK.

SuBQENUs XVII. — Inocybk, Fr.

Pileus scaly, fibrillose or silky ; llic veil universal, concrete with
the cuticle of the pileus. Stipe fleshy lihrous, not annulate. Lamellaj
mostly sinuate. Spores niore or less brown-ferruginous.
A. Stipe colored, scaly or fil)rillose.

a. Stipe and pileus of the same color, 102, 103.
h. Stipe paler than the pileus, 101.

//. Stipe whitish, fibrillose.
*'. Stipe solid, bulbous, 105.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 105

d. Stipe equal, solid, 106, 107.

e. Stipe equal, hollow, 108.

C. Stipe whitish, glabrous, polished, 109.

A. Sfdpe colored, scaly or fibrillose.
a. Stiije and p ileus of the same color.

102. A. LANDGiNOSUS, Bull. — Pileus a little fleshy, hemispheric-ex-
panded, obtuse, floccose-scal}^, yquarrose with erect muricate scales.
Stipe solid, slender, scaly-fibrillose, white-pulverulent at the apex.
Lamellae seceding, ventricose, denticulate, pale-argillaceous.

Upon the earth in beech woods. Pileus about 1 in. broad, stipe 1^-
2 in. high. Umber then yellowish, regular, scarcely odorous. Flesh
dirty-white.

103 A. DDLCAMARUS, A. & S. — Pilcus a little fleshy, convexo-um-
bonate, pilose-scaly. Stipe disposed to be hollow, curtained-fibrillose
and scaly, mealy at the apex. Lamellae arcuate-attached, ventricose,
pallid then olivaceous.

In woods, gregarious. Pileus olivaceous-brown, the flesh white
changing to yellowish. I do not know this plant, and have no figure
of it; it is given on the authority of Lea's Catalogue.

b. Stipe paler than the pileus.

104. A. PYRioDORous, Pers. — Pileus fleshy, conic-expanded, um-
bonate, clothed with appressed fibrous scales. Stipe solid, firm, equal,
curtained fibrillose, growing pale, pruinose at the apex, reddish
within. Laraelhfi emargiuate, rather distant, white-sordid then some-
what cinnamon.

Along roads and paths in woods, early. Pileus about 2 in. across,
the stipe 2-3 in. high. " With a pleasant odor of pears or violets. —
Fries. " Odor penetrating, like that of rotten pears." — Berkley.
Pileus brown then becoming ochraceous-palid; the flesh reddish.

B. Stipe whitish, slightly tinged with the color of the pileus,
fibrillose.

c. Stipe solid, bulbous.

105. A. RiMosDS, Bull. Pileus fleshy, thin, campanulate, silky-
fibrous, when expanded longitudinally rimose. Stipe solid firm,
nearl}^ glabrous, somewhat bulbous, white-mealy at the apex. Lam-
ellse free, somewhat ventricose, argillaceous changing to brownish.
Spores elliptic-ovoid, .0083X.0056 mm.

In woods and waste places. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, stipe 1^-2^ in. long.

106 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

with an earthy odor. The bulb somewhat top-shaped, flattened above.
Pileus commonly brown changing to yellowish; the flesh white.

d. Stipe equal, solid.

106. A. EUTiiELES, B. <k Br.— Pileus thin, canipanulate, then expanded,
silky-shining, somewhat scaly, cervine; the umbo fleshy, prominent.
Stipe solid, nearly equal, fibrous, striate, pallid. Lamellaj adnate,
pallid; the edge denticulate, white. Spores brown, even, cymbiform.
.008 mm. in length.

()u the ground in damp woods in autumn. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, stipe
1^-2^ in. long. Odor rather disagreeable. This species differs from
rimosus in tiie adnate lamcllne, and in the shape of the spores. My
figures, however, are not strongly umbonate.

107. A. DKSTUiCTus, Fr. — Pileus flesh3% campanulate then explanate,
umbonate, rimose, fibrillose, afterward lacerate-scaly, pallid, becoming
."eddish. Stipe solid, glabrous, fibrillose, striate, white changing to
red. Lamella? uncinate adnate, close, whitish then gray-cinnamou.

Upon the earth in woods. Pileus about H in. broad, stipe 2 in.
long. Flesh white; odor unpleasant.

e. Stipe equal, holloxc.

' 108. A. AiiucoMUS, liatsch. — Pileus a little fleshy, conic-campanu-
late, fibrillose, rimose-parted, yellowish; the margin striate. Stipe
hollow, ecpial, undulate, fibrillose, white-pulverulent at the apex.
Lamella? attached, ventricose, whitish-brown.

Upon the ground in biinit places. Pileus much cracked. I have
not seen this Agaric, ami iiave no figure of it. Fries makes it a
variety (if A. dcscissna.

C Stipe whitish, r/ld/iioiis, jiolished.

luy. A. OEOPHVLLUH, Sow. — I'ileus" somcwliat fleshy, conic then ex-
panded, ujubduate, even, fibrillose-silky. Stipe stuffed, equal, rather
firm, white, while-mealy at the apex. Laniellic attached, close, white
then Hordid, at length earth-color. Spores argillaceous, somewhat
oblique, .008 nun. long.

On the ground in woods. Pileus 1 in. broad, white, yellowish, etc.
Stipe 1 '.i in. long. Flesh white, odor unpleasant. My specimens are
white, but it is said to v;iry much in color.

SunoENCS XVIII. — IIebki.oma. Ki.
PileuB glabrous, more or less viscid; the margin at first incurved.

The Mycologic Flora of the Micnni Valley, 0. 107

Stipe fleshy-fibrous, not annulate. Lamellae sinuate- adnate. Spores
mostl}' argillaceous.

110. A. FASTiBiLis, Fr. — Pileus compact, convexo-plane, repand, ob-
tuse, viscid, glabrous. Stipe solid, firm, somewhat bulbous, white,
fibrose-scaly. Lamellee emarginate, rather distant, whitish then argil-
laceous cinnamon. Spores elliptic, pointed, .010X.0076 mm.

In level woods in summer and autumn. Pileus 1-3 in. broad,
stipe 2-4 in. high, and of variable thickness. Gregarious or solitary.
Pileus reddish, yellowish, alutaceous or whitish. Lamellae some-
times exuding watery drops. Odor and taste of radish.

111. A. iLLiciTus, Peck. — Pileus fleshy, firm, broadly convex or
expanded, smooth, hygrophanous, very dark brown when moist, a
little paler when dry. Stipe firm, equal, hollow, scabrous, distinctly
striate at the top, paler than the pileus, with a white mj^celium.
Lamellae close, broad, tapering outwardly, plane or ventricose,
rounded behind, with a very slight decurrent tooth, pale dingy-brown.
Spores somewhat elliptic, .007X.005 mm.

On rotten logs and sticks in woods in autumn. Pileus 1-1^ in.
broad, stipe 1^-2 in. high. The habitat is unusual for species of this
subgenus.

■'o^

Subgenus XIX. — Flammula, Fr.

Pileus fleshy ; the margin at first involute. Stipe fleshy-fibrous.
Lamellae decurrent or adnate without a sinus.

' 112. A. SAPINEUS, Fr. — Pileus compact, convexo-plane, very obtuse,
finely floccose-scaly, afterward rimose, golden-tawny. Stipe somewhat
stuffed, deformed, thick, sulcate, rooting, yellowish. Lamellae adnate,
broad, golden, afterward tawny-cinnamon. Spores bright ferruginous,
elliptic, .008X.005 mm.

Growing on wood ; "on fence rails." — Lea. Pileus 1-4 in. broad ;
stipe commonly short, solid or hollow, often compressed^ lacunose, etc.
Flesh thick, soft, yellowish. Somewhat csspitose ; the odor strong.
Vestiges of the veil scarcely to be perceived.

113. A. POLTCHRous, Berk. — Pileus convex then plane, broadly um-
bonate, of many colors, at first purple, viscid; the disk fleshy. Stipe
firm, nearly equal, somewhat wood}-, at first furfuraceous. Lamellae
broad, rather distant, adnate, slightly decurrent, at first dirty white,
then brownish-purple, at length yellow-brown.

108 Cincinnati Society oj Natural History.

On rotten trunks of trees, sticks, etc. Solitar}' or cjBspitose; pileus
2 3 in. in diameter, stipe l-\\ in. high; the veil fugitive consisting of
purple and yellow flocci. The pileus when young is purple, it then
changes to bulT or light yellow on the margin, with the umbo purple or
brownish yellow. This ver}' beautiful Agaric was first found b}' Mr.
Lea, and named by his friend and correspondent, Rev. M. J. Berkeley,
of KnjrhiiKl-

t-

SuBGENUs XX. — Pluteolus, Fr.

Pileus conic or campanulate, then expanded ; the margin at first
straight and appressed to the stipe. Stipe somewhat cartilaginous.
Lamellic rotun date- free.

114. A. MUCiDOLENS. licrk. — Scented. Pileus a little fleshy, lobed,
glabrous, viscid, shining, sooty. Stipe fibrillose. Lamellae free. Spores
dull-ferruginous, somewhat cymbiform.

" On a rotten trunk. Cincinnati, April 21, 1842."— iea. Pileus 2 3
in. broad, of a dull smoky brown ; stipe 2 in. or more in height,
clothed witii l)rownish lihres. Smell like that of decayed cheese. This
l)lant is one of Mr. Lea's new species. It is very interesting as being
the only representative thus far known of this subgenus in North
America.

Subgenus XXI. — Nauooria, Fr.

Pileus more or less fleshy, convexo-planc; the margin at first in-
flexed. Stipe cartilaginous. Lamellae free or attached, but not de-
current.

II"". A. viciiVAcn, Fr. — Pileus fleshy, convexoplane or umbonate,
even, glabrous, viscid, sliining when dry. Stii)e stuflJ'ed tiien hollow,
tapering upward, glabrous, rigid, whitish. Lamellae adnate with a
decurrenl lonth, clusc, .afterward vcntricose, pallid then ferruginous-
brf>wn. SporcH brown-fcrriiginoiis.

In meadows, pastures, etc. I'ilcus luteous, obtuse; stii)c short,
about 1 in. long, rather thick, tai)ering sometimes upward and some-
times dctwnn.ird. Flesh white.

lie. A. bKMioKBicui.AKis, Fr. — Pilcus a little lleshy, hemispheric,
expanded, «'ven, glabrous, somewhat viscid, :it Icnglh ri\iiiose. Stipe
slender, tough, almost straight, pale ferruginous, sliining, with a free
tubular pith. Lnmeihe adnate, very broad, close, pallid then ferruo-in-
ouH. Spores brown-ferruginous, ellijitic, very large, .013X.008 mm.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 109

On lawns and in pastures and grassy grounds, Pileus 1-2 in. broad,
stipe 3-4 in, long. Color when fresh tawny-ferruginous, when dry
ochraceous.

Subgenus XXII. — Galera, Fr.

Pileus more or less membranaceous, from conic or oval expanded,
striate; the margin at first straight and appressed to the stipe. Stipe
cartilaginous. Lamellse not decurrent.

117 A. TENER, Schseff. — Pileus somewhat membranaceous, conic-
campanulate, obtuse, hygrophanous. Stipe straight, fragile, somewhat
shining, concolorous. Lamellae adnate, close, ascending, linear, cinna-
mon. Spores somewhat ferruginous, elliptic, very large, .0137X.0076
ram.

In grassy grounds, upon manure, rotten wood, etc. Pileus f-1 in.
high and broad, stipe 3-5 in. long. Changing from a watery ferrugin-
ous or brownish when wet to ochraceous or pallid when dry.

118. A. siLiGiNEus, Fr. — Pileus membranaceous, globose-campanu-
late then expanded, unequal, even, not expallent. Stipe somewhat
flexuous, equal, pallid, somewhat pruinose. Lamellae adnate, broadly-
linear, rather close, ochraceous.

Found with the preceding, commonly smaller. It can be separated
from it by the stipe pallid, not straight, the base often attenuate, the
pileus grayish, more convex, the margin often flexuous.

Subgenus XXIII. — Tubaria, W. Smith.

Pileus somewhat membranaceous, often clothed with a universal
floccose veil. Stipe cartilaginous, hollow. Lamellae more or less de-
current.

119. A. ruRFURACEUs, Pers. — Pileus a little flesh}-, convex then
plane, and at length umbilicate, hygrophanous, with a silky scaly veil,
especially around the margin. Stipe hollow, flocculose, rigid, pallid.
Lamellae adnatedecurrent, rather distant, cinnamon. Spores ferrugin-
ous, .0056 mm. long.

Upon the ground, pieces of wood, piles of leaves. Pileus ^-1 in.
broad, stipe 1-2 in. long. Pileus rich umber or cinnamon when moist,
alutaceous-canescent when dry ; stipe white-floccose at the base.

120. A. iNQUiLiNUs, Fr. — Pileus somewhat membranaceous, convex
then plane, glabrous, a little viscid, striate when wet, hygrophanous.

no Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Stipe hollow, tough, tapering downwartl, dark brown, white-fibrillose.
Lamellje somewhat decurrenl, rather distant, triangular, brown.
Spores brown-ferruginous.

In woods on rotten wood, sticks and rubbish. Gregarious, very
small; pileus ^ an inch or less in breatlth; stipe 1 in. long, scarcely a
line in thickness.

Subgenus XXIV. — Crepidotus, Fr.

Pileus eccentric, lateral or resupinate.

a. Pileus lateral.

121. A. MOLLIS, Schfeff. — Pileus gelatinous-fleshy, soft, obovate or
renif(»rm, flaccid, nearly sessile, glabrous, pallid then canescent.
LamelljE decurrent to the base, close, linear, whitish then watery
cinnamon. Spores ferruginous, elliptic, .009X.0056 mm.

On old stumps and rotten trunks ; common. Solitary or imbricated;
pileus 1-2 in. broad. Pileus, in the larger forms, undulately lobed,
commonly sessile, but it varies, being sometimes produced behind
into a short, strigose stipe.

122. A. KOR8ALIS, Peck. — Pileus fleshy, sessile, dimidiate or some-
what reniform, flat or a little depressed behind, with a decurved
slightly striate margin, somewhat fibrillose-tomentose, distinctly to-
mentose at the point of attachment, reddish-3'ellow. Lamellse close,
ventricose. rounded behind, somewhat emarginate, converging to a
whitish, villous, lateral space, \n\\c ochraceous-browu. Spores ferrug-
inous, ghtbose, .000 mm. in diameter.

On old logs in woods. Pileus 1-2 in. broad. lu general appearance,
it bears some resemblance to Pamts doi'salis.

12.'{. A. f'KocoiMiYLLUs, Berk. — Pileus fleshy, convex, somewhat fla-
belliform, sessile, uppressed scaly, ochraceous-brown. Lamellai rather
broad, rounded behind, bright buff or orange. Spores pale ochre-
yeliow, nearly globose.

On old logs in woods. Pileus scarce half an inch long. This is
one of Mr. Lea's new species.

b. Pileus at flrst resi(2)inafe.

124. A. VEB8UTUS, Peck. — Pileus at first resuiiinate, then rcflexed,
sessile, thin, pure white, soft-villous, the margin incurved. Lamellae
rather broad, somewhat distant, concurrent to an excentric point,

The Mycologic Flora of the 3Iiami Valley, 0. Ill

rounrlecl behind, pale then ferruginous. Spores ferruginous-brown,
somewhat elliptic, .010 mm. long.

In cavities of old stumps, on much decayed, half-buried wood, etc.
Pileus less than 1 in. broad.

TABLE OF THE SUBGENERA OF PRATELLI.

A. Stipe annulate.

25. PsALLioTA. — Lamellae free from the stipe.

26. Stropharia — Lamellae adnate.

B. Stipe not annulate.

27. Htpholoma. — Veil woven into a web which adheres to the
margin of the pileus.

28. PsiLocTBE. — Veil none.

Subgenus XXV. — Psalliota, Fr.
Stipe annulate Lamellae free.

a. Annulus ample, not distant.

125. A. ARVENsis, SchfeiT. Pileus fleshy, conic-campanulate then
explanate, at first floccose-mealy, afterward almost glabrous, even or
rivulose. Stipe hollow, floccose-medullate; annulus pendulous, ample,
consisting of two layers, the outer layer radiately divided. Lamellae
free, broader in front, reddish-white then brown. Spores elliptic,
variable in size, averaging .010 X.006 mm.

In meadows and grassy grounds in fields. Pileus commonly 3-5 in.
broad, and stipe 3-4 in. long, but these dimensions are often greatly
exceeded. This is the "Horse Mushroom" of England; it is edible,
but is not so delicate as A. campestris. The pileus and stipe are
white, staining yellowish when bruised. The flesh remains white or
takes on only a yellowish tint when cut or broken.

126. A. FABACEUS, Berk. — Pileus thin, somewhat fleshy, conical,
umbonate, at length plane. Stipe bulbous, rather slender, nearly
glabrous; veil ample, externally floccose. Lamellae close, free, broader
behind, brown then nearly black. Spores brown, nucleate on one side
small, .0055 mm. long.

On the ground amongst the old leaves in woods; common. Pileus
3-4 in. across, stipe 3 4 in. high. The pileus is smooth, tough, feeling
like fine kid leather turning yellow when bruised; the stipe is bulbous

112 Cinci'tinati Society of Natural History.

at the base, nearly c(jiial above, rather slender and often gracefully
curving. The lamcllic are at length almost black, like the dark part of
a bean flower. This is one of the elegant new species of Lea's Catalogue.

b. Annulus small, remote.

127. A. CAMPKSTRis, Linn. — Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, floccose
silky or scaly. Stipe stuffed, even, white; the annulus in the middle,
somewhat lacerate. Lamella? free, approximate, ventricose, somewhat
liquescent, fleshy-brown. Spores brown, nearly elliptic, .OOSX-OOG mm.

In rich soil of old pastures; some years abundant. Pileus commonly
2-3 in. broad, stipe 1^-2^ in. long. This ih the '^ Common Mushroom,"
which from the most ancient times has been highly esteemed for food;
out of it numerous cultivated varieties have arisen. It has a faint odor
an<l a pleasant taste; the flesh is Ann, thick, white changing more or
less to a reddish line when cut or broken. It is the small, round, un-
developed plants that are eaten.

128. A. siLVyVTicL'S, SchiT?ir. — Pileus fleshy, thin, campanulate then
expanded, gibbous, librillose and scaly. Stipe hollow, equal, whitish;
tlie annulus simple, distant. Lamella} free, close, equally attenuate
boili ways, thin, dry, reddish changing to brown. Spores elliptic,
.OO04X.604;{ mm.

In woods. Pileus about 3 in. broad, stipe 3-4 in. long. The pileus
is a great deal thinner than in the preceding species, more fragile,
darker, it is at fust covered with l)rown scales which at length scale
ofl^, leaving at least tlie disk smooth; the margin is often rimosely in-
ciHcd. Tile flesh is white changing a little to reddish.

Subgenus XXVI. — Stropharia, Fr.
Stipe annulate. Lainelhc more or less adnate.

a. Growinff oil wood or on the ground.

120. A. iBRUGiNosus, Curt. — Pileus flesjjy, convexo-plane, somewhat
uniiKMiatc, coveifd with a l>lnish-green seceding slime, expallent.
Stipe hollow, equal, viscid, benealli I lie annuluB scaly or fibrillose,
tinyod with blue. Lamella' adnate, soft, brown changing to purple.
SporcH elliptic, purplish .QOly.Mi^h mm.

rp(»n the earlli and upon trunks of trees in woods. Pileus 1-4 in.
broad, Klipc 2 3 in. high. Gregarious; pileus dull yellow but covered
with a bhiish gluten; above tliis, but not always, clothed with white
Hcales; stipe with various tints of blue, green or yellow, within mottled

The Mycologic Flora of the Iliami Valley, 0. 113

with blue, the center white; annulus generally fugacious; smell dis-
agreeable.

h. Growing on manure.

130. A. STERCORARiDS, Fr. — Pileus a little fleshy, hemispheric then
expanded, even, glabrous, discoid, somewhat viscid. Stipe stuflfed
with a discrete pith, elongated, flocculose beneath the distant annulus,
even, somewhat viscid. Lamellae adnate, broad, white then umber
and olive-black. Spores purple-brown, elliptic, very large, .017X.013
mm.

In woods and pastures, on manure. Pileus 1-1|^ in. broad, stipe
3-4 in. high. Pileus luteous, livid-yellowish, etc.; stipe yellowish.
Lamellae broadest behind, truncate and somewhat decurrent. Dis-
tinguished from A. semiglohatus by the distinct medullary substance
by which the stipe is stuffed, and by the pileus finall}'- becoming ex-
panded.

131. A. SEMiGLOBATDS, Batsch. — Pileus a little fleshy, hemispheric,
even, yellowish, glutinous. Stipe hollow, slender, straight, glabrous,
yellowish, glutinous ; the veil inferior, with an abrupt annular termina-
tion. Lamellae adnate, broad, plane, clouded with black. Spores
purple-brown, elliptic, large, .014X.009 mm.

Common on manure or manured soil. Pileus ^-1 in. in diameter,
stipe 2-3 in. high. The pileus is viscid when moist, shining and
smooth when dry ; the stipe is hollow, at first very viscid, shining
when dry, with a closel}' glued silkiness ; the annulus is more or less
perfect and deflexed, the lamellae are very broad, mottled with the
purple-brown spores, with at length a cinereous, sometimes a yellow
tinge.

Subgenus XXVII. — Hypholoma.

Pileus more or less fleshy, the margin at first incurved; the veil
woven into a web, which adheres to the margin of the pileus.
Lamellae adnate or sinuate.

A. Pileus not hygrophanous.

a. Pileus glabrous, bright-colored, 132, 133.
h. Pileus scal}^ or fibrillose, 134-136.

B. Pileus glabrous, hygrophanous, 137, 138.

A. Pileus not hygrophanous.

a. Pileus glabrous^ bright- colored when dry.

114 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

132. A. suBLATERiTius, Schseff. — Pileus (lesliy, convexo-planc, ob-
tuse, discoid, diy, becoming glabrous; the flesh compact, whitish.
Stipe stufTed. fd)rillose, tapering downward, ferruginous. Lamellae
adnate, close, white then diugyolive. Spores elliptic, brown-purple,
.005X0035 mm.

On and about old stumps; ver>' common late in autumn and at the
beginning of winter. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, stipe 3-5 in. long. Gre-
garious and ciespitose; pileus brick-red or tawny on the disk, paler
toward the margin, silky when young, but becoming glabrous; taste
bitter and nauseous.

133. A. FASicuLARis, Iluds. — Pileus fleshy, thin, somewhat umbonate,
glabrous. Stipe hollow, slender, flbrillose. flexuous, yellow; the flesh
yellow. Lamellas adnate, crowded, linear, somewhat liquescent, sul-
phur then greenish. Spores elliptic, ferruginous purple, .006X.004
mm.

On stumps and old logs and on the ground. Gregarious and densel3'
cneapitose; jjileus about 2 in. in breadth, the stipe 2-5 in. or more in
length. Pilous at first conic, then expanded, more or less irregular
from the tufted mode of growth, tawny, yellow toward the margin;
stipe long, curved and unequal, yellow-greenish above; taste bitter
an<l nauseous.

b, Pileus scaly ur flbrillose.

134. A. LACKYMAnuNDUS, Fr. — Pileus fleshy, convex, obtuse, pilose
scaly; the scales innate and darker; the flesh whitish. Stipe hollow,
fibrillose-scaly, whitish. Lamellae adnate, close, brown-purple. Spores
brown-i>ur|)le, oblifjue .0076X.0056 mm.

Upon thr ground and rotten trunks in woods. Commonly caespi-
tose ; pilcns 2 4 in. broad, stipe 2 4 in. high. Pileus at first campanu-
liilc, at length expanded, paU; reddish brown, darker in the center ;
flesh pale umber ; lamelhe at first pale, then reddish-brown ; stipe
pah', umber toward tilt base, whitish above, somewhat thickened below,
rather flexuous, pale uml)er within ; odor disagreeable.

135. A. I'VKOTKiciius, Ilolnisk.— Pileus somewhat fleshy, conic then
liemiKpheric, obtuse, densely clothed with tawny filuils, reddish
tawny ; the flesh and curtain tawny. Stipe hollow, flbrillose, becom-
ing tawny. Laniellii' adnate. pallid, afterward changing to brown.

About the trunks of trees in woods ; [>erhaps senrcc, as I have found
it but once. Pileus 3 5 in. ijroad, stipe 3-4 in. long. The pileus is
characterized by the peculiar bright tawny or flame-colored hue. with
«lent<ely appressed or fusiculate fibrillar. When again found it needs
to bo mort closely observed.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, O. 115

136. A VELUTiNUS, Pers. — Pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate,
then expanded, at length obtusely umbonate, even, at first tomentose,
with appressed fibrils, afterward becoming glabrous, hygrophanous ;
the flesh very thin, concolorous. Stipe hollow, fibrillose-silky, sordid-
argillaceous. Lamellae seceding, rather close, brown, black-punctate.

In the streets of the suburbs, along the country roads, etc. Size
various, often extremely large, very fragile. Pileus not scal}^ when
fresh lurid, partly dry, tawny, when dry rather claj^-color.

B. Pileus glabrous, hygrophanous.

137. A. CANDOLLEANUS, Fr. — Pileus somewhat fleshy, campanulate-
convex, explanate, obtuse, glabrous, hj'grophanous. Stipe hollow,
fragile, somewhat flbrillose, white, striate at the apex. Lamellae ro-
tundate-attached, close, violaceous then brown-cinnamon. Spores
brown, oblique, .0090X.00r)6 mm.

On the ground in woods. Pileus 1^-3 in. in diameter, stipe 1-^-3 in.
high. The colors even of the lamellae seem to be exceed ingl}' variable;
the pileus is commonly cinereous or whitish, darker in the center.

138. A. APPENDicuLATUs, Bull. — Pileus fleshy-membranaceous,
ovate-expanded, glabrous, hygrophanous, when drj- rugose and
somewhat atomate. Stipe hollow, equal, glabrous, white, pruinate at
the apex. Lamellte somewhat adnate, close, dry. whitish then fleshy-
brown. Spores .005X. 004 mm.

Upon trunks especially of beech. Densel}^ caespitose; pileus 2-3 in.
broad, stipe 3 in. in length. Pileus brownish then tawn}^ or pale ochre;
the flesh .if the same color.

Subgenus XXVIII. — Psilocybe.

Pileus more or less fleshy, glabrous; the margin at first incurved;
the veil none. Stipe somewhat cartilaginous.

139. A. SPADiCEUS, Fr. — Rigid. Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse,
even, moist, hj-grophanous. Stipe hollow, tough, pallid, even at the
apex. Lamellae rotundate-attached, dry, close, whitish then fleshy-
brown. Spores elliptic, purplish-brown, .0076x.0051 mm.

In grassy grounds of doorj'ards, lawns and fields, very abundant
after rains, in spring and summer. Pileus 1^-3 in. broad, stipe 2-3 in.
long. Pileus even, at first glabrous, rigid, scabrous, umber-brown, be-
coming pale when dry; the flesh whitish; the margin inflexed, often
cracked and split when dry. The lamellae sometimes flnally cinnamon
or umber.

116 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

TABLE OF THE SUBGENERA OF COPRINARII.
29. PAN^fiLUS. — Pileus a little fleshy, not striate.
3(». I'sATHYREi.LA. — Pileus membranaceous, striate.

SUBGENDS XXIX. PaN^EOLUS.

Pilcns a little fleshy, not striate, the margin exceeding the lamellre.
Stipe ])olishe(l, rather firm. Lamclla3 variegated.

a. Pileus viscid, shining when dry.

140. A. soLiDiPES, Peck. — Pileus firm, hemispheric, then somewhat
campanulate. smooth, whitish ; the cuticle at length breaking up into
dingN'-yellowish, rather large, angular scales. Stipe firm, smooth,
white, solid, slightly striate at the top. Lamellte broad, slightly at-
tached, whitish, becoming lilack. Spores black with a bluish tint.

In pastures on piles of dung. Pileus 2-3 in. in diameter, stipe
5-8 in. higii. A large species, remarkable for its solid stipe. The
scales on tlie pileus are larger on the disk, becoming smaller toward
the margin. The upper part of the stipe is sometimes beaded with
drops of moisture.

141. A. 1 iMiPUTRis, Bull. — Pileus somewhat membranaceous, conic-
expanded, rather gibbous, even, viscid. Stipe slender, equal, glabrous,
I)allid, marked with an annular zone. LamellfE attached, livid-black-
ish. Spores black, .009X.007 mm.

In pastures on dung. Pileus 1-2 in. broad and high, stipe 3-5 in.
long. Pileus reticulate rugulose, dark cinereous, livid when dr}'^ ; the
aniiuliis bioken into trian<rular loops or lacini® fringing the margin ;
8tipe Hcniv-tomentose, pulverulent, often beaded with little drops,
Htrint<? above, nearly white, at length rudilish.

1). /'ileus dry, (jlahrous.

M2. A. < AMi'ANL'LATDs, Liuu. — Pilcus a little lleshy, camijanulate,
dry, even, glalirous, somewhat shining. Stipe equal, straight, reddish;
the apex striate, d.-nk pulverulent. Lamellae attached, ascending,
variegated witli gray and black. Spores black.

On manured ground. Pileus f-1^ in. in diameter, f-1 in. in height ;
Htipe :i 4 in. long. Pileus from brown changing to reddish.

143. A. iiMicoLA. Fr. — Pileus a little fleshy, campanulateconvex,
obtuse, glabrous, opaque, marked around the margin with a narrow
brnwi. /r.iie. Stipe fragile, elongated, equal, pallid, white-pruinate at

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 117

the apex. Lamella adnate, broad, variegated with gray and sooty.
Spores black.

On dung and on manured land, in spring and summer. Pileus 1-2
in. broad, stipe 2 4 in. long. Pileus when moist commonly sooty-
canescent, when dry argillaceous-canescent.

Subgenus XXX. — Psathyrella.
Pileus membranaceous, striate, the margin not exceeding the
lamellse. Lamelloe uniformly black-sootj-, not variegated.

a. Stipe straight, glabrous.

144. A. GRACILIS, Fr. — Pileus somewhat membranaceous, conic,
striatulate, hygrophanous, when dr}^ not striate. Stipe slender,
straight, naked, pallid. Lamellae broadly adnate, rather distant, cin-
ereous-blackish; the edge obsoletely rose-color. Spores black, elliptic,
very large, .014n>^.008 mm.

In low grounds along fence-rows. Pileus f-H in. broad, stipe 3-5
in. high. Pileus at first livid or brownish, then changing to ochra-
ceous, alutaceous, pinkish or whitish.

b. Stipe Jlexuous, pruinate at the apex.

145. A. ATOMATUS, Fr. — Pileus somewhat membranaceous, campanu-
late, obtuse, striatulate, hygrophanous, when dry rugulose, entire,
furfuraceous with shining atoms. Stipe lax, fragile, white; the apex
white-furfuraceous. Lamellae adnate, broad, cinereous-blackish. Spores
black, elliptic, large .OHX.008 mm.

Among chips and rotten wood in woods. Pileus ^-1 in. in diameter,
stipe 2-3 in. long. Pileus at length piano-expanded, ochraceous in-
clining to pale reddish, at length cream-colored or nearlj' white. Stipe
somewhat rooting, more or less cottony at the base.

146. A. DissEMiNATUs, Pers. — Pileus membranaceous, ovate campanu-
late, furfuraceous, afterward naked, sulcate-plicate, entire, changing
color. Stipe lax, somewhat flexuous, fragile, furfuraceous then
glabrous. Lamellae adnate, broadly linear, white-cinereous, then chang-
ing to black. Spores black, elliptic, .0076X-0051 mm.

About trunks of trees and on the ground, in woods. Gregarious and
caespitose, sometimes in countless numbers. A very small Agaric ;
pileus about one fourth of an inch in breadth, the stipe about 1 inch
long. Pileus yellowish or ochraceous, at length cinereous or whitish,
sometimes with a pearly- tint toward the margin.

[to be CONTINUED.]

i

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley^ 0. 173

THE MYCOLOGIC FLORA OF THE MIA3II VALLEY, 0.

By A. P. Morgan.
[^Continued from p. 117.]

Genus II. — Coprinds, Pers.

LamelltE membranaceous, at first pressed together and coherent,
easily split, at length dissolving into a black fluid. Trama obsolete.
Spores black.

Tribe I. Pellicolosi. — Pileus fleshy or membranaceous, not split-
tino- along; the back of the lamellae, but becoming torn and revolute.

A. Stipe annulate.

a. Pileus covered with broad scales, 1-3. , „.,> . ,

6. Pileus covered with minute scales, 4-6. .. . , -.

B. Stipe not annulate.

c. Pileus floccose, tomentose or villous, 7. >RDEN

d. Pileus strewn with sparkling atoms, 8-10.

A. Stipe annulate.

a. Pileus covered with broad scales.

1. C. coMATDs, Fl. D. — Pileus somewhat flesh}', cylindric, then
expanded, even, soon torn into broad, scattered, appressed scales.
Stipe hollow, fibrillose; the bulb solid, rooting; the annulus movable.
Lamellae free, linear, at first white, then changing to purple, finally
black. Spores somewhat oblique, apiculate, very large .015X-008 mm.

On rich soil in pastures and grassy grounds. Solitar}- or gregarious;
pileus 2-4 in. high and 1^-3 in. in diameter; stipe 6-12 in. in height,
and 4-f ill. thick. The largest and most showy of the genus. Pileus
sordid whitish or verging into lilac, in the larger specimens densely
shaggy with the broad fibrillose cinereous or brownish scales. Stipe
white or pinkish; the annulus sometimes volvaceous and persistent at
the base of the stipe, sometimes clinging at various heights upon the
stipe or dropping oflT. Lamellae beautifuU}' variegated with pink and
brown and black. Finally the whole pileus becomes a revolute, torn
and fragmentary dripping mass of black ink}- fluid and spores, staining
the stipe and herbage.

2. C. sQUAMOsus, n. sp. — Pileus somewhat membranaceous, ovoid
then expanded, cinereous, covered with reddish-brown scales. Stipe

174 Cincinnati Society of JS^atrtral History.

hollow, r.ithor equal, below the annuliis covered with reddish-brown
scales like those of the pileiis, above the annulus smooth and white-
Lamellas free, ventricose, white then reddish-brown, finally black.
Spores cymbiforin. .008— .009 mm. in length. (See Plate VIII.)

Growing about old stumps and trees in woods. Cffispitose; pileus
about 1 in. in height, expanding to a diameter of 1^-2^ in., then split
and revolute; stipe 4-6 in. long, about ^th of an inch in thickness. This
species is readily distinguished b}' its persistent reddish-brown scales
upon the pileus and lower part of the stipe.

3. C. VARiKGATUs, Peck. Pileus fleshy, thin fragile, oblong-ovate
then campanulate, obtuse, hygrophanous, pale watery brown when
moist, whitish or cream-color when dry, variegated by scales or
patches of a superficial ochraceous tomentum; the margin finely
striate. Stipe equal, brittle, hollow, white, at first peronate-annulate,
then floccose pruinose. LamelljB lanceolate, free, white then ros}'-
brown, finally black. Spores somewhat elliptic, .0083 X. 0056 mm.

On ohl logs and on the ground in damp woods. Densel,v csespitose;
pileus 1-2 in. in diameter, an<l the same in height, stipe 3-5 in. long, and
^4 an inch thick. When young the whole plant is coated b}' an
abundant superficial floccose tomentum; this soon breaks up into loose
scales or patches which peel off in flakes.

b. Pileus covered with minute scales.

4. C ATKA.MKNTARIUS, Bull. — Pilcus somcwliat fleshy, ovate ex-
panded, the vertex spotted with innate scales. Stipe hollow, firm,
zonate within; the annulus abrupt, fugacious. Lamellse free, ven-
tricose. :it first white, then purplish brown, at length blackish.
Spores elliptic .009X.005 mm.

About old stumps .and on rich soil along country paths and roads.
In dense groups, cicspitosc. Pilcus 1^2^ in. in height, expanding to
3 in. or more; stipe 3-6 in. long, an<l nearly A an inch thick. The
young plant obt se, cheesy-soft, the pileus nigose-i)licate, lacunose and
lobed; when fully grown, the pileus even, white-cinereous, with brown
KcaleH.

5. C. Kt'8CE8c;EN8, Sclirefl". — Pileus somewlint membranaceous, ovate-
expanded, nf>t polished; the disk a little fleshy, even or rimose, scaly.
Stipe hollow, equal, fragile, somewhat fibrillose, scarcely annulate.
Lainelhe attached. uinl)er black. Spores oliliquc. .ipiculate, .010X.006
mm.

Upon trunks of (»ak. ash. willow. Pileus about 2 in. in diameter

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 175

stipe 3 in. long, and \ of an inch or less in thickness. Smaller than
C atramentarius, thinner, at first more nearly equal; the pileus
brownish-gray; the disk reldish, not sprinkled with sparkling atoms,
but at first somewhat pruinose.

6. C. iNSiGNis, Peck. — Pileus campanulate, thin, sulcate-striate to.
the disk, grayish fawn-color, the smooth disk sometimes cracking into
small areas or scales. Stipe hollow, slightly flbrillose, striate, white.
Laraellse ascending crowded. Spores elliptic, rough, .OlOX-007 mm.

About the roots of trees in woods. Solitary (?) pileus 2-4 in. in
diameter; stipe 4 5 in. long, and :^ in. thick. This species is remark-
able for its rough spores. In size and general appearance it bears
some resemblance to 0. atramentarius.

B. Stipe not annulate.

c. Pileus Uoccose, tomentose or villous.

7. C. NivEUS, Pers. — Pileus somewhat membranaceous, oval then
campanulate and explauate, covered with a dense, white, floccose-scaly,
somewhat persistent villosit3^ Stipe hollow, equal, villous, white.
Lamellae somewhat adnate, narrow, becoming black. Spores oval,
.012X.0L0 mm.

Common on dung-heaps, especially of horse-manure. Pileus |-1 in-
in diameter, stipe 3-5 in. in height. Margin of the pileus very thin
and delicate, at length rolled back. Clearly distinguished by the ad-
nate lamellae.

d. Pileus strewn loith sparkling atoms.

8. C. MiCACEUs, Bull. — Pileus somewhat membranaceous, oval then
campanulate, somewhat repand, striate, tawny-ferrugiuous, discoid,
strewn with glittering fugacious. granules, soon naked, rimose-sulcate.
Stipe hollow, silky-even, whitish. Laraellse attached, lanceolate, at
first whitish, then brown to the middle, at length becoming black-
Spores oblique, apiculate, .0076X-0066 mm.

Upon the ground and about old stumps; very common from early
spring till late in autumn, and even in the mild moist weather of winter.
Pileus fl in. in diameter, expanding to 1^ 2 in.; stipe 2-5 in. high and
^ of an inch or less in thickness. Pileus often more or less irregu-
lar from the densely crowded mode of growth, the stipes from mutual
pressure often angulate.

9. C. SEMiLANATUS, Peck. — Pileus somewhat membranaceous, broadly
conical, then expanded an I strongly revolute, farinaceo-atomaceous,

176 Cincinnnti Society of Xatin'al History.

finely and obscurely rimose-sLriate, pale grayish brown. Stipe elon-
gated, fragile, hollow, slightly tapering upward, wiiito, the lower liaH"
clothed with loose cottony flocci which rub off easily, the upper half
smooth or slightly farinaceous. LaraellsE narro w, close, free. Spores
oval or somewhat oblique, apiculate, .012 X. 010 mm.

On rich ground and manure. Pileus f 1 in. in diameter, expanding
t^ 1^-1 f in.; stipe 3 5 in. long, and less than \ of an inch thick.
Gregarious and caespitose, \Q\-y fragile.

10. C. PULCHRiFOLiDS, Pcck. — Pilciis membranaceous, conical or
campanulate, striate to the small even yellowish disk, cinereous,
strewn with minute whitish scales or granules. Stipe slender, fragile,
hollow, white. Lamcllaj narrow, crowded, free, white then cinnamon-
brown. Spores elliptic, brovvn witli a slight ros}' tinge, .0070X
.0056. mm.

On the ground among the old leaves in woods. Solitary; pileus f-1
in. in diameter, and | 1 in. in height; stipe 2-3 in. high, and \ of an
inch or less in thickness at the base. This is a very singular and
beautiful little plant growing solitar}- in the woods. According to
Prof Peck it is scarcely a Coprinus, because the lamellae are not
deliquescent, but it has no place among either the black or brown-
Kjiored Agarics, and therefore f m" the present is placed in the genus
Coprinus.

Triijk II. — Veliformes. — Pileus extremely thin, at length splitting
along the back of the lamellic, plicate-sulcate. Stipe slender, hollow.
Latnelhe dissolving into fine lines.

(I. Liiniellm Jree from the stipe.

lie. NYCTHEMKRUS, Fr. — Pilcus very tender, at first conic-cylin-
•Iric, furfuraceous-floccose, soon splitting, e.K[)lanate, radiate-plicate,
nakcil, forked striate, gray, the disk brown. Stipe flaccid, glabrous.
Lamcllie frco, narrow, at length remote.

Upon m.'iniiri'd land. Pil«'us, at first i^ of an inch in height; after-
ward expanding t() J an incii or more in diameter. Stipe becoming
pah-.

12. C RAOiATUs, Bolt. — Very small. Pileus very tender, clavate
then campanulate, cinereous -tomentose, soon splitting, radiate-plicate,
yellowish, the disk reddish. Stipf riliforMi, iivaline, becomin": irlabroiis.
Lamelhe free, few, pallid blackish. Spores .OOTCt .0050 inm.

On manure, very common in green houses, in the pots among the

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 177

»plants. Pileiis ^ of an inch or less in breadth, stipe 1-3 in. high. One
of the most tender, fugacious, with a flaccid habit.

b. LamellcB attached to the stipe or to a distinct collar.

13. C. PLiCATiLis, Curt. — Pileus very tender, oval-cjdindric then
carapanulate, soon expanded and splitting, sulcate plicate, nearl}'
glabrous, brown then lavender-cinereous; the disk broad, even, at
length depressed, darker. Lamellae attached to a collar remote from
the stipe, gra^'-blackish.

On the moist earth along paths in fields and woods. Pileus ^-1 in.
broad, the stipe 1-3 in. high. Extremely fugacious; disappearing with
the rising sun; pileus at length plane, nearly naked, umbilicate, gray,
3'^ellowish-brown in the center; stipe very slender, fragile, smooth, gray,
tinged with brown, sometimes white, hollow.

Genus III. — Bolbitius, Fr.

Hymenophore somewhat discrete; lamellae membranaceous, soft,
liquescent, pulverulent from the seceding spores. Spores ovate, even,
somewhat ferruginous.

1. B. TiTUBANS, Bull. — Pileus membranaceous, ovate-campanulate,
afterwai'd split and explanate, yellow, discoid. Stipe slender, straight,
yellowish, shining. Lamellae slightly attached, pallid then becoming
purplish or fleshy-brown. Spores salmon-color, elliptic, .008X-00^ vaui.

On manure in woodlands. Pileus 1-2 in. in diameter, stipe 3-5 in.
long. Pileus very delicate and tender at length almost deliquescent.
This is the only species that has 3'et been found in our region; I found
it in July, 1882, and have the figure of the only specimen.

GeNCS IV. CORTINARIDS, Fr.

Veil cobwebby, discrete from the cuticle of the pileus, superficial.
Hymenophore contiguous with the stipe; lamellae persistent dr}',
changing color, pulverulent from the slowly seceding spores; trama
fibrillose. Spores on white paper somewhat ochraceous.

Fungi terrestrial, putrescent, growing in woods.

Note. — The individuals as well as the species of this vast genus are
extremely limited in number in the Miami Valley. I have been able to
make scarcely any additions to the very few species enumerated by
Mr. Lea. I have figures of a few species as yet undetermined. Speci-
mens are so scarce that it is difficult to meet with the different stages
of growth.

178 Cincumati Society oj Natural Uistory.

A. Pileus viscid.

a. Stipe not miirginate bulbous, 1.

b. Stipe marj^inate-bulbous, 2, 13.

B. Pileus dry, 4, o.

A. Pileus viscid.

a. Stipe not marginate-hulbous.

1. C. VAKiDS, SciisEff. — Pileus compact, iieniispheric-explanate, even,
viscid, discoid; the margin glabrous; tiie ttcsli white. Stipe solid,
short, conic, apprcssed-flocculose; whitish. Lamellre emarginate, close,
entire, purplish then argillaceous-cinnamon.

In woods, in autumn. Pileus 2 in. and be^'ond in breadth, stipe 1^-
1k in. long, \ an inch thick above, 1 in. and beyond below. Pileus
equal, not plainly virgate, encrusted, ferruginous-tawn}', fibrillose-ap
pendiculate around the margin; stipe within at length cinerascent not
yellowish.

b. Stipe marginatebulbous.

2. C. CALOCHRODS, Weium. — Pileus llesh}', convexo-explanate, glab
reus, viscid, unchangeable ; the flesh compact, white. Stipe solid,
C(iual, fd)rillose, white-yellowish; the bulb with a distinct margin.
Lamellae einarginate, close, serrate, blue purplish.

In open beech woods. Pileus 3-4 in. across; stipe 1-3 in. high, 1 in.
thick. Pileus commonly tawny, luteous around the margin, often
sj>otted or soiled with dirt; the margin thin, involute, sometimes flexu-
0U8, not bent inward. Stipe equal, short, without any bluish color.

3. C. CERULESCENS, Fr. — Pileus fleshy, convex, explanate, viscid.
Stipe solid, tapi.-ring upward, naked, blue changing to white; the bulb
margin.'ite. Lamellui attached, close, entire, at first pure dark blue.

In hilly woods. Pileus 2.^-3 in. broad, stipe 3 in. high. The young
plant sometimes all blue; pileus commonly argillaceous or brownish-
yellow, when dry somevvhat lil)rillosc; the flesh preserves its intense
blue color when broken; the lamelhe change to [)ur[)ie and at length to
cinriamon; there is scarcely any odor.

/)'. I'ilcus dry.

4. C. vioLACEL's, Linn. — Dark violaceous. Pileus fleshy, obtuse,
villou8-8caly. Stipe bulbous, spongy, villous, violaceous-cinereous with-
in. Lamellae attached, bro.id, thick, distant, darker.

In woods. Pileus 4 in. or more in diameter, stipe 4 in. high.
Sliowy, inodorous and mII of .mh' color. Lamelhe when young deei)
violet, almost black.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley^ O. 179

5. C. ALBO-vioLACEDS,' Pers. — Pileus fleshy, silky with innate fibrils,
at length gibbous, violaceous-whitish. Stipe clavate, somewhat annu-
late, violaceous, whitish. Lamellag attached, rather distant, serrulate,
at first cinereous-violaceous.

In woods. Pileus 2 3 in. broad, stipe 3 4 in. high. Inodorous, the
stipe being violet above and white below the obscure annulus, some-
times appears as if sheathed with a white silky covering; flesh juicy,
blue-white.

Genus V. — Paxillus, Fr.

Hymenophore contiguous with the stipe, decurrent. Lamellae mem-
branaceous, easily split, somewhat branched and anastomosing behind,
discrete from the hymenophore and easily separating from it.

a. Pileus entire, the stipe central.

1. P. FLAViDDS, Berk. — Pileus fleshy, plane then depressed, some-
what tomentose; the margin thin, involute, even or somewhat repand.
Stipe solid, tough, curved and crooked, tapering downward. Lamellae
long-decurrent, thin, sparingl}' branched, connected b}^ veins, bright
yellow. Spores sordid, somewhat fusiform, .010X.005 mm.

On hillsides in woods. Pileus 2-3 in. across, stipe 1^-2 in. long.
Pileus reddish, brownish or alutaceous, more or less tomentose and
soft to the touch; stipe yellowish or reddish. This is one of Mr. Lea's
new species; it is quite common on the wooded bluff's about Cincin-
nati. It is readily known by its bright j^ellow decurrent lamellae,

h. The stipe excentric or lateral.

2. P. POROSUS, Berk. — Pileus flesh}^ excentric, irregular, somewhat
reniform, reddish or yellowish-brown, somewhat tomentose or glabrous.
Stipe short excentric or lateral, curved, more or less reticulated by the
decurrent pores. Hymenium bright 3^ellow, porous, formed by
numerous thin radiating folds which are crossed b}' other narrower
folds so as to form large angular pores. Spores bright j-ellow.

On the ground in woods. Pileus 2-5 in. in diameter, a half to an
inch thick; stipe I^ in. or less in length. This is a very curious
species closel}' allied to Boletus. It is liable at the first glance at the
hymenium to be taken for a Boletus, but the pores are not easily
separable from each other. It has a ra<^her leathery feeling and
appearance though quite flesh}'. I have not observed the disagreeable
odor that Mr. Berkele}' speaks of.

3. P. PANDOiDEs, Fr. — Pileus fleshy, dimidiate, conchate, downy

180 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Ihcn fjlabrous. produced behind, sessile or resupinate, sordid luteous.
LamellsB decurrent, close, branched, crisped, luteous. Spores sordid,
somewhat oblonfi;, .0050X.0035 mm.

Growing on a rotten log in a piece of woods near Fairmount, Cincin-
nati; the specimens grew in the same place from earl}' spring till late
in autumn. Pileus 1-2 in. broad and about the same length, more or
less lobed about tlio margin. Although not fitting the description
perfectly, yet it comes so :iear that there does not seem enough
difference to make a new species.

Genus VI. — Hygrophorus, Fr.

Ilymonophore contiguous with the stipe, and descending unchanged
into the trama. Lamclhie with the edge acute; the hymenium chang-
ing into a waxy mass. Spores white. Fungi terrestrial.

A. Veil universal, viscid, 1, 2.

li. Veil none, plant fragile.

a. Lamellffi not ventricose, 3, 4.
6. Lamellae ventricose, 5-7.

A. Veil universal, viscid.

1. H. laur/E, n. sp. — Pileus flesh}^ convex and umbonate, then
expanded and depressed, more or less irregular, glutinous, white
clouded with a redilish or brownish tinge espcciall}' on the disk.
Stipe solid, more or less curved or crooked, tapering downward, j'ellow-
ish-wliite; tiie apex scabrous with scaly points. Lamellre unequally
adnate decurrent, distant, white. Spores pellucid, elliptic, apiculate,
.((OS.'JX.OOfjo mm. (See Plate IX.)

Gntwing in rich soil among the loaves in hilly woods. Pileus 2-4 in.
broad, stipe 2 4 in. long an<l \ an inch thick. This is a much laiger
plant than //. chiirncus, lias a wash of red or brown upon the disk, and
i« covered witli a thiek gluten. It is more like //, cossus, but has no
odor,

2. H. iciJDRNEUs, IJuU. — Pure white. Pileus fleshy, convex then
plane, even, vi.scid, the margin soon naked. Stipe stuffed then hollow,
unequal, viscicl, scabrous at the jipex with scaly i)oints. Lamellae de-
current, distant, straight, firm. S[)ore8 .0050x.0043 mm.

In woods, common. I^ileus 2 3 in. broad, shining when dry; stipe
at length hollrnv, various in stature, llexuous in elongated specimens.
Odor and taste pleasant

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley^ 0. 181

B. Veil none, plant fragile,
a. Lamellae not ventricose.

3. H. CERACECS, Wulf. — Fragile. Pileus thin, convexo-planc, obtuse,
a little striate, viscid, 'wax\-, sliining. Stipe hollow, unequal, wax)',
shining. LamelliB adnate, sonievviiat clecurrent, distant, broad, almost
triangidar, yellow. Spores .0063X.0046 mm.

In many places in meadows and pastures. Pilous about 1 inch
broad, stipe 2-3 in. long. Stipe often flexuous, afterward compressed
of the same color as the pileus at the apex, paler at the base. Lam-
ellae very broad, f of an inch, connected by veins.

4. H. cocciNEus, Schseflf. — Fragile. Pileus thin, convex, obtuse,
glabrous, scarlet then expalleut. Stipe hollow, compressed, yellowish,
scarlet above. Lamelke adnate, decurrent by a tooth, venose connected
variously colored. Spores .00G8x.004:0 mm.

In meadows and pastures. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, stipe 1-2 in, long.
An elegant plant; pileus unequal, soft, at length yellowish. Lamellae
when mature purple at the base, yellow in the middle, the edge glaucous.

b. Lamellce v,entricose.

5. H. PDNiCEUS, Fr. — Fragile. Pileus thin, campanulate, obtuse, re-
pand, even, viscid, scarlet then expallent. Stipe hollow, thick, ven-
tricose, striate, the base white. Lamellae slightly attached, thick, dis-
tant, yellow.

In meadows and pastures. Pileus 2-4 in. in diameter; stipe about
3 in. long, -^-I in. thick, attenuated both ways.

6. H. coNicus, Scop. — Fragile. Pileus somewhat membranaceous,
conic, acute, glabrous, often lobed. at length exi)anded and rimose.
Stipe hollow, cylindric, flbrose-striate. Lamellae attenuate-free, ven-
tricuse, thin, rather close. Spores .OIOX.OOG mm.

In wet places in woods. Pileus 1-2 in. high, acutely conic, variously
waved and lobed; stipe 3-4 in. long. The whole plant turns black
when broken or bruised; its colors are various orange, yellow, scarlet,
etc., often blended together.

7. H. CHLORopiiANUS, Fr.- -Fragile. Pileus somewhat membranace-
ous, convex, obtuse, somewhat lobed, striate, viscid. Stipe hollow,
equal, even, viscid. LamelhB attached, ventricose, thin, rather distant,
whitish.

Amongst grass and mosses. Pileus about an inch in diameter,
commonl}' bright sulphur-yellow; stipe 2-3 in. long, smooth, viscid
when moist, shining when dry, yellow; lamellae emarginate-free at

182 Cinciniuili Socictij of Xatiirnl Jlistorij.

first wliite or yeHo^v. Its external appoiirancc is almost that of II.
ceraceus.

Genus VII. — Lactarius, Fr.
Hymonopliorc conligiioiis with the sti[)C. L.imcllae unequal, mem-
branaceous-waxy, lallier rigid, eonlaining a milky juice, the edge
acute. Spores globose, wliite or sometimes yellowish. Fungi terres-
trial.

A. Lamella? nnelianged, milk at first while.

a. Pileus tomi-nlose, 1, 2.

b. Pileus viscid, 3-5.

c. Pileus dry. 0-8.

IJ. Millc colored IVoni llie first, 0.

C. Lnmelhc changing color, milk at first white.

(/. Pdeus viscid, 10, II.

c. Pileus tomcntose, 12.

/. Pileus di-y, glal)rons, 13-15.

J. LiimdUti not. chaiu/iiif/ culov, milk wliiie.
ft. Pileus viscid ivhen wef, the mavyi)i at first involute and tomentose.

1. L. scHomccLATi'S, Scop. Pileus fleshy, depressed, not zonate,
bitemis; llie margin involute, l)earded. Stipe Imllow, ample, scrobi-
culatc-spotled. Lauiclliu thin, close, whitish; milk white changing to
Rulpliur.

In moist woods. Pileus 3-5 in. broad, stipe 2 3 in. high, and about
1 ill. thick. Tills species is readily recognized l)y its spotted stipe and
the milk of the lamdhe promptly assuming a sulphur hue.

2. L. cii.icioiuKS, Fr. — Pileus fleshy, solX, depressed, tomentose, not
zonate, reddish biif!'; themaigin fibrillose-woolly. Stipe stuffed, even
pruiiiose, silky, not spotted, palli<l. Lamclhu close, somewhat branched,
pallid; milk acrid, whitish.

In woods. Pileus 2 1 in. broad, sti[)e 1^-2 in. high, and ^-1 in. thick.
The pileiiH is (h)Wiiy beccuuing (ibiillose on the margin; the flesh is
yellowish-white; the milk is sparse with a yellowish tinge.

I), /'ileus viscid when wet, pelliculose, the VKwrjin naked.

3. L. AKKiNis, Peck. — Pileus fleshy, visfi.l, glabrous, depressed, [lale
ochraceous-yellow. Stipe ecpud, smooth, stulFcd then hollow, con-
colorous, Lamclhu close, scunt- ol" thcin Ibiked, yellowish-white; the
milk white nerid. Spores while.

In woods and pastures. Pileus 3-4 in. bro;id, stipe about 2 in. long,

The Mijcolorjic Flora of the Miami. Valley, 0. 183

and 1 in. thick. The specimens I finil api)oar to bo nearer Prof.
Peck's species tliau anything else; the}- are not zonalo, and the stipe
is conimonh' spotted.

4. L. zoNAKTUs, Pmll. — PHens compact, umbilicate, even, viscid,
witii yellowish Zf)ne3; the margin involnte, naked. Stipe solid, short,

•elastic, even, yell >\visli. LimjUre close, thin, whitish; milk white,
acrid. Spores white, minutely echinulate, almost globose, .007 mm. in
diameter.

In grassy wools. Pileus 2 3 in. liroad, stipe H in. high. Margin
of tlie pilens always declined, and moie or less flexuons; the stipe
never S[)otted ; the flesh white, nnch:inge<l and very compact.

5. L. TRiviALis, Fi-. — Pileus fleshy, depressed, viscid, not zonate,
lurid, expallent. Stipe hollow, stout. Lamella thin, close, white; the
milk acrid, white. Spores wliite.

In hilly woods. Pileus 4G in, broad, stipe 2 4 in. lo:ig, and 1 in.
thick. The pileus is of a dark color, sometimes with a tiuge of flesh-
color; the stipe is nearly white.

c. Pileus dry, generally unpolished.

6. L. PERGAMENCS, Fr. — White. Pileus fleshy, tough, convex, then
piano-depressed, repand, not zonate, rngulose, glabrous. Stipe stuffed
glabrous, changing color. Lamellie adnate, very narrow, hoi-izoutal,
crowded, branclicil, white, then stiaw-color; milk acrid, white.

In woods. PiK'us 3 t> in. broad, stii)e 1^ 3 in. long. Very similar
to the next species, but the sti[)e longer, tlie pileus thinner and the
lamellre not arcuate.

-7. L. piPEiiATCs, Scop. — White. Pileus compact, umbilicate, then
infundil)uliform, nearly regular, not zonate, even, glabrous. Stipe
solid, thick, very short. Lamelhe decurrent, close, arcuate, then
ascending, narrow, dicliotomous; milk abundant, acrid white.

In woods. Pileus 3-5 in. in diameter, stipe about 1 in. long.
Milk very hot and peppery. Pileus generally quite iofundibulilbrra;
stipe ver3- short and thick.

8. L. TELLEREUS, Fr. — White. Pileus compact, convex-umbilicate,
tomentose, not zonate, the margin reflexed. Stipe solid, thick,
pubescent. Lamellne decurrent, distant, arcuate; milk scarce, white,
aei-id.

In woods. These three species ma}'' all be found together in the same
woods; they are thought by some to be merely varieties of one and the
same species; theN^ are very much alike in their general appearance.

184 Cincinnati Society of Xatural History.

B. Milk colored from the first.

9. L. DELicioscS; Linn. — Pilciis fleshy, convex, umbilicate, viscid,
zonatc. ghihious, soniewliat orange-color, expallent, the margin
glabrons. Slipe stuffed, Ihcn hollow, spotted. LamellfE somewhat
dccurrcnt, snnVon-color, hut expallent and greenish when wounded;
the milk aromatic, safl'ron-red.

In damp woods. Pileus 34 in. broad, stipe 1.^-3 in. long. The
whole plant abounds with orange milk, and when bruised or old ex-
hibits stains of green.

C. LameJlcE pallid then chamjinrj to a darker color, finally
white-pruinose ; milk white,
d. Pileus viscid from the first.

10. L. ciNEUEUS, Peck. — Pileus fleshy, at length expanded, centrally
depressed, usually umbilicate, glabrous, viscid, light gray, with the
disk sometimes a little darker. Stipe tapering upward, stufl'cd, con-
colorous. Lamcllne close white; the milk while acrid.

In woods. Pileus 1^-3 in. broad, stipe 2 4 in. long. This seems to
be a larger plant than Prof. Peck's, and I often find the pileus zonate,
3'et it does not seem to me to differ sufficiently to make a new species.

11. L. viETUS, Fr. — Pileus fleshy, thin, at first somewhat umbonate,
viscid, afterward applanate, umbilicate, even, not zonate, when dry
finely silky, expallent. Stipe stufl'cd then hollow, fragile, livid.
Lamclljc somewhat decurrent, thin, whitish ; milk at first white then
changing to gray, tardily acrid.

In humid woods. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, stipe 2 3 in. high. A verj'
distinct species, thin, sol't, fiagile and various in form; the pileus
Bomctimes infundibnlifoim, flesh-color or livid then gray.

c. J'ilois scaly, villoits or pritinose.

12. L. KisTANS, Peck. — Pileus fleshy, linn, convex or expanded, de-
pressed, pniinose-lomciitoso, ycllowisli-tawny. Stipe very short, solid,
firm, equal or tapering downward, prninoso, nearl\ of the color of the
pileus. Lanu'llii; distant, somewhat arcuate, white or yellowish;
milk white, mdd.

In grassy ground. Pileus 2-4 in. lirond, stipi; 12 in. high. The
pileus is sometimes irregular and excentric, and the cuticle often
cracks into areas.

f. I'ilciis polished, ylahroKs.
]'.'.. L. voLEMUS. Fr, — Pileus fleshy, compact, rigid, piano-depressed,

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 185

obtuse, dry, glabrous, golden-tawny, at length rirnose-rivulose. Stipe
solid, hard, tliick, pruinose. Lamellfe decurrent, close, white then
yellowish; milk abundant, sweet, white.

In woods, common. Pileus 3-4 in. broad, stipe 2^-3|^ in. long. Stipe
irregular, tapering downward; milk sometimes yellowisli; lamellae be-
coming brownish on being bruised.

14. L. suBDULCis, Bull. — Pileus fleshy, thin, papillate, at length de-
pi'essed, even, glabrous, not zonate, dr}', reddish. Stipe stuffed then
hollow, equal, somewhat pruinate, reddish. Lamellae adnate, close,
paler; milk white, rather mild.

In woods, common. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, stipe l|-2^ in. long. The
whole plant is commonly a dark reddish color.

15. L. CALCEOLus, Berk. — Pileus thin, depressed, brown-buff, the
margin repand, the epidermis rimose. Stipe short concolorous. Lam-
ella very few, distant, venose-connected, decurrent, white; milk white,
mild.

" On the ground in woods, Waynesville," Lea. Pileus about 3 in.
across, stipe " half an inch in height and thickness." Flesh white.
An exceedingly curious species. Tlie pilei in all the specimens found
by Mr. Lea were " laterally confluent."

Genus VIII. — Rdssula, Pers.
Hymenophore descending unchanged into the vesiculose trama.
LamelliB rigid, fragile, the edge acute. Spores round, often echinulate,
white or yellowish. Fungi terrestrial.

A. Margin of the pileus not siriate.
a. Lamellae forked, 1, 2.

6. Lamellae mixed, 3-5.

B. Margin of the pileus at length striate.

c. Lamellae unequal, 6, 7.

d. Lamellae equal, 8 10.

A. Pileus compact, Jii^n, the margin never striate.
a. Lamelloi mostly forked.

1. R. FDRCATA, Pers. — Mild, at length bitter. Pileus fleshy, rigid,
gibbous plane then depressed and infundibuliform, even, with a silky
luster, then becoming glabrous; the margin even, acute. Stipe
stout, firm, even, tapering downward, white. Lamellae adnate-
decurrent, rather thick, somewhat distant, forked, white.

In woods, common. Pileus 4-5 in. in diameter, the stipe 3 4 in.

iSG Cincinnnti Society of Ncttural History.

loiiT, and nbnut an inch tliiclc. The pilciis is foinm..nlv of a gieiMiish
line, lint sonjcliincs l)i(t\vnisli. Tlie disliugnisliing feature is tl)e many
forked lamella'. It is eonsidered poisonous.

2. K. .soKDiDA, Peek.— rPilens firm, eonvex, eentrally dcpre.siscd, dry,
sordid white, sometimes elonded with lnou ii. Stipe eqiml, solid, ef>i)-
colorons. Lanulhc elose, white, some of Lh<in foi ki'd. S[mres globose,
.0070 mm. in diameter.

On the ground under bi'ocli trees in hilly woods, rilens 3 5 in.
broad, stipe 4-5 in. long, and ^-l in. thick. The taste is aerid, and the
flesh ehanges eolor when bruised, l)eeoming i)laek or bluish-blaek; the
wliole plant turns lilark in drying. In its general appearanee it re
senddes Ldciarius jtiperatiis, Seop.

b. LnmcUm broadest and rounded at the apex, short and forked,
mixed with the others.

?i. It. hACTKA, Pers. — Mild, milk-white. Pileus fleshy, ccmpact,
unpolished then livnlo-e; the margin straight, thin, obtuse, even.
Stipe solid, enmpael, Ihiek. Lamelhc fiee, tliiik, distant, rigid, some
of them forked.

On the ground in boech woods. Pileus about 2 in. l)road, stipe 1^-
2 in. long, and 1-H in. thick. The pileus is at first white, campanu-
lale, (h'v; afterward it becomes alulaceous-white, a little limose, eon-
vexo-depresscd and often excenlri<-: laniolhTe at length adnate, very
bron<l, Inikcd at base and apex.

•1. li. YihKSCENS, Seli.TL'fl. — Mild. Pileus lleshy, firm, globose then
exp.'inded ami umliilieate, innate-flocenlose or areolalevcrrucosc; the
ni.argin straight, obi use, even. Stipe spongy-solid, stout, somewhat
rividose, whitish. Lanu'lhe free, rather crowded, unequal, foiked,
whitish.

In woods. Pih'us .'{-I in. l>ro:id, slipe 1 2 in. long. Pileus often
nni'(pi.'d, ahv.-iys dry, the cuticle breaking up into areas, of a greenish
hue, sometimes tinged with yellow (u- |?Ur|ile.

T). W. i.Ki'iDA, Fr. — .Milil. Pileus lleshy, compact, eonvex, then
depressed, unpolished, silky or rimose-scaly, expallent; the margin
p.'itenl, obtuse, not striate. Stipe solid, eompact, even, white or rose-
eolor. Lamella' rotundate. rather thick, close, many of lliem foiked,
while.

In lieecli wrtorls. Pileus about '.\ in. broad, stipe ;> in. long, antl i in.
thick. ' Pileus ro.sv-rcd, the disk In-coming whitish.

lite ]\lycolotjic Flora of the Miami Valley^ 0. 187

B. Pileua fleshy^ the maiv/in at length commonly striate or silicate,
c. Lamclloi with short and forked ones interminyled with the longer.

G. R. iNCARNATA, 11. sp. — Mild. PHeus fleshy, firm then very fragile,
convcxo-umbiliciile then ex|)aiide(l and depressed, moist, sordid-floccu-
losc; tiie inai-gin acute, not striate; the flesh thin, wliite. Stipe solid,
nearly equal, white. LamelliE adnate, distant, broad, the alternate
ones dimidiate or mostly very short, uhitetlien pale flesh-color. Spores
white, oblique, apiculalc, smooth, .00SX-0^'5b mm.

On llie giound uudei' bccoli trees. July, August. Pileus 3-4 in. in
diametei', stipe about 2 in. long, and ^ofan inch thitk. The pileus is at
first of a sordid color, brownish on the disk. The whole plant when
maluie takes on a sordid fleshy hue and becomes exceedingl}- fragile.

7. R. FCETEXS, Pers. — Acrid, fetid. Pileus bullate, then expanded
and depressed, rigid; tlie cuticle adnate, viscid; the disk fleshy; the
marg-in broadly membranaceous, at first inflexed, tuberculose-sulcate.
Stipe stout, stuffed, t!i(n hollow, whitish. Lamellae attached, very
unequal and forked, venose anastomosing, whitish, at first exuding
drops of water.

In woods common. Pileus 4-5 in. in diameter, stipe 3-4 in. long, and
about 1 in. thick. Generallv rancid and stinkins?, Init sometimes
fragrant; pileus of a dirty j-ellow; lamellae white or yellowish, sordid
when bruised.

d. LamelloB almost all of the same length and simple.

8. R. DECOLORANS, Fr. — Mild. Pileus fleshv, firm, spheric then ex-
panded or depressed, polished; the cuticle thin, expallent; the margin
thiii, even. Sti[)e spongy-solid, elongated, cylindiic, rugose-striate,
white changing to cinereous. Lamellae attached, forked, thin, close,
white then yellowish. Spores white then yellow, ,0083 mm.

In woods, Pileus 3-4 in. broad, stipe 3-4 in. long. Pileus of a uni-
form color, orange-red then yellow and expallent; when full}- grown
the margin is striate.

9. R. NiTiDA, Pers. — Nauseous, rather fetid. Pileus a little fleshy,
becoming rigid, convexo-plane then depressed, shining, discoid; the-
margin thin, from the first striate and tuberculose; the flesh white.
Stipe stufl^ed, sott, wliite-pallid. LamelhB attached and seceding, thin,
close, white then yellow, naked, sliiuing. Spores white then yellow.

In woods. Pileus 12 in. broad, stipe 1-2 in. long and ^ an inch
thick. Rather small, rigid-fragile, often unequal. Pileus commonly

188 Cincinnati Society of Natural Ilistory.

from dilute or sordid purplish becoming yellowish, often plicate striate
to the middle.

10. R. LUTEA, Vent. — Mild. Pileus a little firm, piano depressed; the
cuticle viscid, expallent; the flesh white; the margin even. Stipe
stufFc'd then hollow, soft, while. Laraellje narrow, free, close, venose-
connected, e.i2g-yellow. Spores yellow.

In beech woods. Pileus lA-2^ in. l)road, stipe l-l^ in. long. An
elegant plant; pileus from a beautiful yellow becoming pale. The
plant I have so referred has the lamellae at first white and the stipe
yellow like the pileus; it may be a new species.

Note. — The Russulre form a very natural assemblage related to Lac-
tarii, but differing from thcni in tin- absence of the milk}' jnic-e. lUit
various Russulae exude dro|)s of water, especially in wet weather. The
species arc quite dillicult of determination, particularly on account of
their variable colors.

Genus IX. — Cantharellus, Adans.

Ilymenophore contiguous with the stipe, descending unchanged into
the trama. Lamellne thick, fleshy-wax^^ in the form of folds, somewhat
brancljcd, the edge obtuse.

((. Pla)it ef/rj-ijelloio.

1. C. ciBAiaus. Fr. — Egg-yellow. Pilous fleshy, firm, at first repand,
glabrous, at length turi)iiiate. Stipe solid, tapering downward. Lam-
elhc thick, distant, concolorous. Spores white, oval, .OOTOx-OOaO mm.

In woods. Pileus 1 :'. in. broad, stipe 12 in. long, and about \ an
inch thick. This is the famous C'liantrclle, esteemed as a delicacy
from the most ancient times. It is not common with us; but is oc-
casionally met with along wiih its not distant relative Cmterellus
lalcviliiis, Ik'rk. Tiie latter is distinguislied from the former by the
hymenial surface l)eing even i)V merely wrinkled, not lamellose.

2. C. MiNoK, Peck. — Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then expanded and
depressed, egg-yellow. Stii)e slender, subllexuous, equal, smooth,
stuJb'd or hollow, concolorous. LamelliP very narrow, distant, sparingly
branched, yellowish. Spores white, .007x-0" 1 mm.

On the ground in open wood.«. I'ileus 1 2 in. broad, stijie 1-2 in.
long. My specimens are rather of a brownish yellow. The i)ileus is
much thinner, and the stipe more slender th:in in C cibarius ; the two
arc clearly distinguishal>le.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 189

b. Plant orange or red.

3. C. AUKANTiAOcs, Wulf. — Neaiiv Orange color. Pileus flesh3% soft,
depressed, sornewliat lomentose. Stipe stuffed, unequal. Lamellae
close, straight, diehotomous, of a rather deeper color. Spores white.

In woods. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, stipe 2 in. long. This species is
distinguished bv its straight and crowded dark orange lamellae.

4. C. ciNNABARiNUS, Scliw. — Cinuabar-rcd. Pileus plane, then de-
pressed or somewhat infundibuliform, glabrous; the margin inflexed
and more or less irregular. Stipe solid, curved or crooked, unequal,
glabrous. Lamelhe lather thick, distant, decurrent. Spores cinnabar-
red, oblique, .0083X.005(i mm.

Very abundant in summei'. Growing on hillsides in woods. Pileus
f-1^ in. in diameter, stipe i-2 in. long. The whole plant together with
its spores is a bright cinnabar color. Inside the flesh is white. This
beautiful plant was first found in Carolina, b}' the celebrated De
Schweinitz; he says it is common also in Pennsylvania. I am in-
debted for a cop3' of the description to Mr. W. C. Stevenson, of the
Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia.

Genus X. — Marasmids, Fr.

Fungi tough, dry, marcescent, reviving when wet. Lamellae tough,
the edge acute and entire.

1. CoLLYBiA. — Pileus fleshy-tough, at length coriaceous; the margin
at first involute. Stipe somewhat cartilaginous; the mj'celium floccose.

A. Stipe solid or stuffed, villous.

a. Stipe strigose at the base, 1, 2.
6. Stipe naked at the base, 3, 4.

B. Stipe hollow, rooting.

c. Stipe woolly below, glabi'ous above, 5, 6.

d. Stipe velvet}' or pruinose, 7, 8.
C Stipe short, insititious.

e. Stipe glabrous, shining, 9, 10.

/. Stipe velvety or pruinose, 11, 12. *

A. Stipe solid or stuffed, fibrous within, the external
cartilaginous cuticle villous.

a. Stipe woolly or strigose at the base.

I. M. URENS, Bull. — Acrid. Pileus fleshy then coriaceous, convexo-
explanate, glabrous, even, at length wrinkled or.rivulose. Stipe

100 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

filjioiis. solid, rigid, pallescont, iiie.ily with wliile flocci and white-
villoiis at tlie base. Lamellae free, joined together behind, ])ale or
yellowish changing to brownish, at length remote, distant, firm.

In woods on oak trunks and branches and on 'he leaves. Pileus
^-\\ in. in diameter, stipe 2-3 in. long. Stipe stulFed with crisp
fibres, externally covered with subreticulato flocci. Pileus alutaceous
or reddish.

2. M. PERONATUS. Bolt. — Acrid. Pileus coriaceomembranaceous,
convexo i»lane, obtuse, opaque, at length lacunose; the margin striate.
Stipe fibrous-stufl^ed, villous-corticate, 3'ellow then reddish; the base
peronatc-strigose. Lamella' attachedrseceding, rather thin, somewhat
crowded, pallid then reddish.

In woods, among the leaves. Pileus 1-24^ in. broad, the stipe 2 3
in. high, and 2 lines thick. Stipe finally hollow :ind compressed; the
villous cuticle seceding wlien rubbed; the tomentum at the base lute-
ous or white. The younger |)ileus pale reddish, when fully grown
alutaceous.

h. Stijje naked at the base.

3. M. OKEADES, Bolt. — Somewhat fragrant. Pileus fleshy, tough,
convex then plane, somewhat umbonatc. glabrous, expallent. Stipe
solid, equal; the cuticle villous interwoven, pallid; the base naked.
Lamella? free, broad, distant, white-pallid.

Growing in circles and series througiiout the summer. Pileus ^-1-^
in. broa<l, tiie stipe 2-3 in. long. The pileus when wet reddish or tawny,
and the margin striate, when dry cream coloi-. This is the Champig-
non of Europe. It is not so al)undant in this country, but may be
observed growing gregariously in rich grassy lands throughout the
summer. It withers up in tlu; dry vvcather, rovivini!: and flourishiu<r
witli the rains. It is f:inioiis lor llic r\v\) llnvor it imparts to soups and
gravies. When <lri('d it ni;iy be kept Inr years vvithout losing any of
its aioma or goodness.

1. M. i-i.ANCUS, Fr. — .MihI. Pileus fleshy-tough, piano-depressed,
obtuse, even, expallent. Stipe hollow, soon .ompi-csscd ; the cuticle
white villous; the l):is(' soii.cwhat t.-ipciing, naluMl. Lamelhe secedino^-
free. distant, linear, darker.

ill wofxls, rare. Pileus alxtnt 1 in. bro;i(l. t lie stipe 2-:{,in. long. The
pileus somewhat repand. liccoming icddish ; stipe tough, twisted,
compressed above, especially when thickenid. pallid. Lamellae
browninh.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 191

B. Stipe rooting, definitely tubular, plainly cartilaginous,
c. Stipe looolly below, glabrous above.

5. M PRASiosMus, Fr. — Ill-seented. Pileus somewhat membranace-
ous, tough, campanulate convex then explanate. obtuse, rugulose.
Stipe hollow; above pallid, glabrous; below thickened, pallid then
reddish or brown, somewhat tomentose. Lamellae attached, rather
close, white.

Upon leaves in oak woods. Pileus ^-1 in. in diameter, the stipe 2-3
in. long and a line thick. The pileus whitish, the disk often darkened,
the stipe tough, dilated at the base, incurved and adhering to the
leaves; odor alliaceous, strong, persistent.

6. M. FDsco-puRPOREUS, Pcrs. — Pileus a little fleshy, convexo-plane
somewhat umbilicate, expallent. Stipe hollow, glalrous, dark purple;
the base i-eddish-strigose. Lamellae annulate-attached, at length free,
distant, reddish.

In woods among the leaves of beech. Smaller when csespitose,
larger when simple. Pileus ^-1 in. broad, stipe 1-3 in. long. Pileus
dark purple when dry alutaceous.

d. Stipe velvety or pruinose throughout.

7. M. PYRROCEPHALUS, Bcrk. — Pileus a little fleshy, convex then
plane, umbilicate, striate-plicate, red-brown. Stipe hollow, densely
velvety, brown, pale at the apex, Lamellge adnate, lax, rather distant,
somewhat ventricosc, white then pallid.

In woods, growing among leaves and on rotten wood. Pileus ^-1 in.
in diameter, the stipe 2-3 in. long. This is one of Mr. Lea's new
species; my specimens agree perfectly except the size, but I judge by
the concluding remark in Mr. Berkeley's description, that this is vari-
able.

8. M. ERTTHROPDS, Fr.— Pileus a little fleshy, convex then plane,
obtuse, even, growing pale, finally rugose. Stipe hollow, striate, glab-
rous, dark red, somewhat pruinose when dry; the base white-strigose.
Lamellae seceding- free, broad, lax, venose-connected, entire, whitish.

In beech woods, among the leaves and on trunks. Pileus ^.l in.
broad, stipe l|-2^ in. long. Pileus varying in color, commonly white
or pallid. Stipe firm, terete, paler at the apex; finally uniform in
color, somewhat compressed, villous inside. Lamellae loose, crisp,
connected by veins.

192 Cincinnati Sociely of Natural History.

C. Stipe sfiort. without a i-oot, insititious (i. e. attached at
the base l\v a tubercle or by flocci).
e. Stipe glabrous, shining.

9. M. CALOPUS, Pers. — Pileus a little fleshy, tough, convexo-plane or
depressed, ovoii, at longth ingose. Stipe hollow, equal, glabrous,
shiniii"-, reddish-browu. LamclljB emarginate-attached. thin, white.

Growing on sticks, the roots of grasses, etc. Pileus |-1,V in- in di-
ameter, the stipe 2-3 in. long. The younger pileus even, red-brown,
soon changing to white.

10. M. ANOMALUS, Peck.— Pileus a little fleshy, tough, convex, even,
reddish-gray. Stipe hollow, equal, glabrous, pallid above, red-brown
below. Lamellae rotun date-free, close, narrow, whitish or pallid.

Growing on sticks among leaves in woods. Pileus 1-2 in. broad,
stipe 2-3 in. long. This is a very beautiful Marasraius; it grows quite
large with us.

/. Stijje velvety or pruinose.

11. ^I. FAGiNEUS, n. sp. — Pileus a little flesh^', convex then plane or
depressed, at length somewhat re|)an(l, riigose-striate. Stipe short,
hollow, pubescent, thickened upward; the base somewhat tuberculose.
Lamellic shorl-adnate, somewnat crisped, close, pale-reddish.

Growing thickly over the bark at the base of living beech trees.
Pileus ^-l.\ in. broad, stipe \-\ in. long. Pileus reddish-pallid or alu-
taceous, the stipe of the same color, the lamellae a little paler.

12. M. OPACUS, B. & C — Whitish. Pileus a little fleshy, convex,
rugidose, opaque pidverulent. Stipe pulverulent, furfuraceous below.
Lamcllie attached, distant, ventricose.

On leaves an<l twigs. Pileus 1-2 in. across, stipe 1-1^ in. long.
The pileus is convex or slightly depressed around a central umbo, and
opaque not pellucid, it is dirty whiU; and scarcely striate or sulcate ;
the stipe is of the same color as (he pileus. The species is nearly
allied to M. rnmealis. liull.. Iiiit the stipe is more elongated, and is
not darker at the base. I am imU'bted to Mr. Wm. C. Stevenson, of
the Philadel|)hia Academy of Sciences, for the original description.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 193

II. Mycexa. — Pilens somewliat membranaceous; the margin at first
straiglit and appressed. Stipe horny, hollow, tough, dr^^; the
m3celiiira rliizomorphous.

D. Pileus campanulate or convex.
g. Stipe glabrous, shining, 13.

h. Stipe velvety or meah', 14, 15.

E. Pileus soon umbilicate, 16, 17.
D. Pileus campanulate or convex.

g. Stipe glabrous, shining.

13. M. CAMPANDLATUS, Peck. — Pileus membranaceous, convex or
campanulate, dry, glabrous, plicate-sulcate, ochraceous-red, the disk a
little darker. Stipe horny, hollow, glabrous, shining, blackish-brown.
Lamellae attenuate-attached or nearl3^ free, distant, whitish.

Growing on dead leaves in woods, common throughout the summer,
Pilens ^-f ths of an inch in diameter, the stipe 2-3 in. long. This is a very
elegant species, flourishing abundantly, and growing quite rank in our
rich woods. I find specimens sometimes with a pinkish tint.

h. Stipe velvety or mealy.

14. M. CLAV^FORMis, Berk'. — Pileus submembranaceous, convex
tough, white. Stipe tapering downward; below velvety, brown; above
white, lurfuraceous. Lamella long decurrent, broad in front, distant,
whitish inclining to flesh-color.

On dead sticks in woods, Pileus 2 lines broad, stipe 1 in. long.
The stipe is attached by a minute bulb. The species is remarkable
for its very decurrent lamellae. It is one of the new species of Lea's
catalogue.

15. M. NiGRiPES, Schw. — Pileus membranaceous, companulate, um-
bonate, striate, somewhat pellucid, pure white. Stipe somewhat bulbous,
black, white farinose. Lamellae adnate, arcuate, rather broad, pure
white, growing pale.

Growing among leaves and on the ground in woods. Stipe 1^ in.
in length, black but wholly covered over with a white meal which may
be easily rubbed off. It is closely related to M. alliacens, Jacq., but is
inodorous. I am indebted to Mr. Stevenson for the copy of the
original description.

E. F ileus soon umbilicate.

16. M. ROTDLA, Scop. — Pileus membranaceous, a little convex, um-

194 Cincinnati Society of Natui'al History.

bilicate, plicate. Stipe horny, hollow, shining, glabrous, blackish.
Lnniell.T few, broad, distant, joined behind to a free collar, whitish.

Upon trunks and leaves. Pileiis ^ an inch or less in breadth, the
stipe 1-2 in. long. Pileus whitish and of a uniform color or the disk
darker; the stipe is whitish at the ape.\.

17. M. CAPiLLARis, n. sp. — Pileus membranaceous, convex, umbili-
cate. sulcate. Stipe capillary, verj- long, glabrous, shining, black with
a pallid apex. Lamellaj adnate to a free collar, equal, numerous, not
distant, pallid.

Growing on leaves an^l sticks. Pileus 1-2 lines in diameter, the
stipe 2-2,} in. long. Tiie pileus is ofagrayisii or brownish-pallid color:
it is sulcate with 16-20 furrows which coirespond to as many lamellae
underneath; the stipe is very long and scarcely thicker than a hair.
Its place is between M. rotula and M. (jraminum ; it differs from the
latter in its umbilicate pileus. and from the former in its capillary
stipe; it is closely related to both by the free collar.

Gends XI. — Lentinus, Fr.

Pileus fleshy-coriaceous, tough, or in the fleshy kinds hardened
when mature, persistent. Lamellae thin, unequal, membranaceous;
the edge serrate or lacero-dentate. Spores even, white.

A. Pileus almost entire, the stipe evident.

a. Pileus scal\', 1, 2.

b. Pileus villous, 3, 4.

c. Pileus glabrous, 5-7.

B. Pileus dimidiate, sessile, 8 10.

A. Pileus almost entire, the stipe evident,
a. Pileus scaly.

1. L. TKiitiNUs, Hull.— Pilous llcshy-coriaccous, thin, orbicular, um-
bilicate, whitish; scales innate, hairy, l)l;icki.sh. Stipe slender, not
striate, scaly; the apex somewhat veiled. Liinielht attenuate de-
current, verv narrow, white becoming yellowish. Spores elliptic
.OOGGX.OOiJ:'. mm.

On wood (if oak. I'ilcus about 2 in. bioad, sLipe 1-2 in. long.
Pileus thin, the m:irgin at length split; stipe diity white. When fresh
very tender, when dry coriaceous.

2. L. SULCATU8, Berk.— Pileus a little fleshy, at first somewhat conic,
at length hemispheric, l)roken up into scales, silky-virgate, reddish-
I'luwn; the margin sulcate. Stipe short, solid, furfuraceous, ccmcolor-

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 195

oiis. Lamellae distant, i-ather broad, thickish, emargina'e behind
pallid.

Growing out of the cracks in fence rails, in spring. Pileusf ofan
inch or less in breadth, stipe f ofan inch long. The margin of the
pileus is deeply sulcate, with the interstices darker, which gives it a
very neat appearance; the stipe is often slightly attenuated downward.
This is one of Mr. Lea's discoveries.

b. Pileus villous.

3. L. LECOMTEi. Fr. — Pileus fleshy-tough, infundibuliform, reflexed,
hair}', tawny. Stipe short, hairy. Lamellae serrate, crowded, pallid.

On logs and stumps. Pileus infundibuliform and more or less
irregular, 1-3 in. broad.

4. L. STRiGosus, Fr. — Pileus fleshy-tough, unequal, somewhat de-
pressed, strigose-hirsute, tawny-reddish. Stipe excentric, strigose-
hirsute. Lamellae decurrent, pallid.

On logs and stumps. Pileus 1-3 in. broad. Very closely related to
the preceding species, but differing in the villous stipe, the shorter
and more cvowded hairs of the pileus and the broader lamellae irregu-
larly torn.

c. Pileus glabrous.

5. L. oMPHALODES, B. tk C. — Pilcus flesh3'-tough, thin, infundibuli-
form, glabrous, whitish. Stipe slender, thickened upward, fibrillose
and spongy at the base. Lamellae entire, narrow, decurrent, white.

On rotten sticks on the ground. Pileus 1-2|^ in. across, the stipe
I 1 in. long. Pileus in the larger specimens more or less irregular.
TJiis is not the L. omphalodes, Fr. My specimens are much larger
than those described in the " Notices," but they agree so well other-
wise that 1 could not make a new species. The color is not given by
Berkeley & Curtis.

6. L. ciESPiTosDS, B. & C. — Remarkably caespitose. Pileus plane,
tough, alutaceous, clotlied with close-pressed, brownish-red fibrils;
the margin incurved. Stipe flexuous, tough, striate, grayish-white,
fibrillose, solid, formed of fibres. Lamellae entire, white, long-de-
current.

In woods on the ground. Pileus 1^-2 in. across, the stipe 3 in, high,
and 2 lines thick. A very curious species, easily distinguished from
its allies by its entire lamellae.

7. L. coCHLEATUs, Pcrs. — Tough, flaccid. Pileus fleshy, tough, ir-
regular, somewhat lobed or contorted, glabrous, reddish. Stipe solid.

196 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

firm, silicate, glabrous, reddisb. LamelLt close, serrate, fleshy-white.
Spores uearly globular, .004 mm. iu diameter.

About the base of old stumps. Pileus 1-1^ in. broad, the stipes of
variable length. Usually vcr}- ii.ueh tultod with the stipe confluent
below.

B. Pileus dimidiate, sessile.

8. L. URSiNUS, Fr. — Sessile, imbricate. Pilei fleshy-tough, eared-
ascending, even, brown-reddish, when mature brown-tomentose below;
the mar<rin glabrous, entire. Lamelhe broad, torn, whitish.

DO '

Upon rotten trunks of beech. Pileus 1-2 in. long, and about 1 in.
wide. Pileus quite thick, at first glabrous, expallent, ear-form.

9. L. VULPINUS, Fr. — Sessile, imbricate-multiplex. Pilci fleshy-tough,
conchate, connate behind, longitudinally costate-corrugate, floccose-
scrupose, alutaceous; the margin incurved, entire. Lamellaj broad,
torn, white. Spores nearly globose, .0015 mm. in diameter.

Upon old trunks of elm. Pileus 1-2 in. long, and about an inch
broad. The spores abundant, powdering the plants.

10. L. PELLicuLosus, Fr, — Sessile, imbricate. Pileus tough, mem-
branaceous, reiiiform, ver}- thin, strigose, brown-tawny; the margin
naked, involute. Lamella broad, torn, pallid.

Upon rotten trunks late in autumn. Pileus 2 4 in, long, and 1 3 in.
broad. Pileus strigose with a dense hairy coat like the skin of some
animal.

Genus XII. — Pands, Fr.

The whole fungus fleshy coriaceous, tough, drying up; the texture
fibious, radiating into the hymenium. Lainelhe concrete with the hy-
incMoplKue, unequal, at length coriaceous; the edge wholly entire.

A. Pileus plainly stipitate,

ft. Lamellie deciirreut, 1, 2.

b. Lamellae determinate, 3, 4,
li. Pileus sessile or nearly so, 5, 6.

A. Pileu.s plainljf .stipitate.
(I. Lai/tel/cB decurrent.

1. P coNcuATUS, Fr. — Pileus fleshy tough, thin, unecpial, excentric
and dimidiate, cinnamon Ihcn expallent, at length scaly. Stipe short,
unequal, pubescent at the base. Lamellai lineately decurrent, some-
what branched, white-fleshy then ochraceous. Spores white.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 197

On trunks and bianclies of beech. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, stipe less
than an inch in length. Always known b^- its conchate form and
tough substance. It is not hirsute or villous like Lentinvs lecomtei.

2. P. DEALBATUS, Berk. — Pileus coriaceous-soft, flabellitorm, some-
times lobed, umber, striate. Stipe lateral, rather long, compressed or
channeled, dilated above. Lamellse decurrent, distinct, umber. Spores
white.

On branches of elm. Pileus ^-\ in. broad, the stipe an inch or less in
length. The pileus and stipe when dry are white and minutely
cracked, as if whitewashed; a dark border encircles the pileus, and the
lamellae are brown with a white edge. When moist the pileus is tough
and pliable, umber-brown and striate. Sometimes the stipe is forked,
and each division produces a pileus. There are few prettier fungi than
this.

h. Lamellce determinate.

3. P. STiPTicus, Bull. — Pileus coriaceous, reniform, cinnamon then
expallent; the cuticle seceding into furfuraceous scales. Stipe lateral,
short, dilated upward. Lamellae determinate, thin, close, reticulate-
connected, cinnamon. Spores white, .00J:6X-0025 mm.

On stumps, trunks and branches, everywhere, very common, persist-
ing from autumn to spring. Pileus 1-1|- in. broad, stipe about ^ of an
inch long. Gregarious or caespitose; pileus semiorbicular, the margin
entire or lobed and involute. Taste styptic. This is distinguished
from Polyporus rhipidium b}^ its different hymenium.

.4. P. FARiNACEDS, Schum. — Pilcus somewhat coriaceous, flexuous,
cinnamon-umber; the cuticle seceding into a whitish-lavender scurf
Stipe lateral, short, concolorous. Lamellae determinately free, distinct,
rather pale. Spores white.

Upon trunks of hickory. Pileus f-l:^ in. broad, stipe about \ of an
inch long. The pileus is brown or blackish with a dense white
pubescence. What I have found grew out of the cracks in the
hickory bark.

B. Pileus sessile or nearly so.

5. P. ANGUSTATUS, Berk. — Pileus fleshy-coriaceous, thin, spatulate
or flabelliform, minutely pubescent, white, dirty white or yellowish.
Stipe extremel}' short or none. Lamellae very narrow, close, decurrent,
white or yellowish. Spores white.

In woods on old logs, common. Pileus ^1^ in. long by ^1 in.

198 Cincinyiati Society of Natitral History.

wide above, taperinjj downward to a narrow nearly sessile base. This
and dcdlhdtKs are two fine new species first discovered by Mr. Lea.

6. P. uousALis, Bosc. — Pileus fleshy coi-iaceous, at first resupinate,
afterward expanded, sessile, somewhat reniform, tomentose, luteous,
expallent. Lamellffi broad, ratlicr distant, orange-tawny. Spores
coloredjike tlie l;nni-lhT3.

On stnmps and trunks. Pileus 1^-3 in. broad. Often imbricate and
sessile or sometimes slightly stipitate. This I have no doubt is the
same plant as Agnricus nidulaus, Fr. I have oliserved it carefull}' in
every stage and it agrees perfectly with tlie figure and description in
Fries' Icones, except the substance is leathery and persistent, not
putrescent.

Genus XIII.— Trogia. Fr.

Lamellre fold like, crisped, the edge obtuse. Spores white.

1. T. cuiSPA, Pers. — Tough, cupular-reflexed, lobed, villous, reddish-
3'ellow, Lamellae fold-like, forked, crisp, whitish or lavender.

Upon branches of beech, etc., rather scarce; late in autumn and
during the wintei'. Pileus ^-1 in. broad, sometimes whitish in color,
sessile.

Genus XIV. — Schizophyllum, Fr.

Pileus not fleshy, drv. Lamelh'c coriaceous, flabelliform-branched,
joined above by a tomentose pellicle, bifid, the edge longitudinally
split. Spores white.

\. S. COMMUNE, Fr. — Pileus adnalc behind, somewhat extended,
sini))le and lobed. Laniellre £rray Www brown-pui'plish, the two
divisions of the edge spreading or revolute. Spores nearly globose,
very small, .0025 mud. in diameter.

Growing upon trunks and branciies; very common, in this region,
seeming to flourish best in liie nilM wet weatiicr of winter. Pileus 1-
\\ in. broad, wiiitc or gray, tomentose, sessile or witit a short lateral
stipe; the in:iigin even dy variously lobed nnd split. It grows in all
the regions of the earth.

Genus XV. — Lenzites, Fr.

Pileus corky or co.iaceous; the texture dry, floccose. Lamelh\j cori-
aceous, lirni, of like texture with the pileus. Spor(^s white.

1. L. HKTULiNA. Linn. — Pileus dimidiate, sessile, persistent, corky-

The Mycologio Flora of the Miami Valley^ 0. 199

coriaceous, obsoletely zonate, tomentose, pallid. Lamellae straight,
somewhat branched, aoastomosing, sordid white.

On stumps and logs in autumn, persisting till the following spring.
Common. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, projecting 1-2 in. Solitary or often much
imbricated and confluent; the pileus deeply and concentrically grooved,
clothed with dense pubescence or coarse velvet)^ down, grayish, j'ellow-
ish or brownish, sometimes with distinct colored zones, often green
with minute Algae. Lamellae at first thick, somewhat porose, sordid;
afterward thinner, the edge acute becoming yellowish.

2. L. viALis, Peck. — Pileus coriaceous, sessile dimidiate, obscurely
zonate, somewhat tomentose, brown or grayish-brown, the margin
cinereous. Lamellae thin, abundantl}' anastomosing, pallid, cinereous-
pruinose on the edge.

Very common on railroad ties. Pileus 13 in. in breadth, projecting
nearly an inch. Often much imbricated and confluent. The plants
are commonly much blackened by the grease and dirt of the passing
trains. I have a suspicion that this fungus is not diflE"erent from
Doedalea palUdo-fulva, Berk.

3. L. s.ffiPiARiA, Schaeff. — Pileus dimidiate, sessile, coriaceous, hard,
zonate, strigose-tomentose, rough, bright-brown; the margin yellowish.
Lamellae rather thick, branched, anastomosing, yellowish.

This plant which properly grows on pine wood, I have only seen on
white poplar stumps. Pileus 1-3 in. broad, projecting nearlj' an
inch. Often confluent, deeply zoned; substance coriaceous, fibrous, of
a fine ocher or rhubarb color. Hymeninm composed of brownish
plates, tolerabl}" regular, but here and there slightly branched.

Note. — Lenzites cookei, Berk., and L. cratcegi, Berk., which are
found in this region, are considered by Prof. Chas. H. Peck to be only
forms of the Protean species Doidalea confragosa, Bolt. To this
opinion, from my own observation, I am willing to subscribe, 1 have
in my possession, of ra v own collecting, forms representing the three
genera, Lenzites, Trametes, and Dcedalea.

[to be continued.]

\^)L 6 ®?^^«^^^^%ife>*iJ^1^^^^^1 itetem

e8

008 -009

"l"l-

COPRINUS SQUAMOSUS, MORG

KREBS UIHO.CO.CIKCINHATl.

VOL.6

(ll^f f i0OTtm]lirf% it^lterE

■>&.

Plate 9.

-*5^aB>,

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j

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HYGROPHORUS LAURAE, MORG.

KREBS UTKO.CO. CINCINIIATI

THIE

lycologic Flora Of tie liamif alley J.

By A. P. MORGAN.

^\ r-id^

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 5

TEE 3ITC0L0QIC FLORA OF THE MIAMI VALLEY, 0,

By A. P. Morgan.

[Continued from vol. vi., p. 199,]

ORDER II.— POLYPOREI.

H3'raenophore inferioi", porose. Pores bearing the basidia and
cj'^stidia on their inner surface; basidia 4-sporous at the apex.

TABLE OF GENERA OF POLYPOREI.
A. Tubules forming a distinct stratum.

1. Boletus. — Tubules easil}^ separable from one another.

2. PoLYPORDS, — Tubules not separable from each other.

B. Tubules sunk in the substance of the pileus.

3. Trametes. — Pores round, obtuse, entire.

4. D^DALEA. — Pores sinuous, labyrinthiform.

5. Favolus. — Pores alveolar, elongated.

C. Pores superfcial.

6. Merdlius. — Pores formed by reticulate folds.

7. Porothelidm. — Pores immersed in discrete warts.

8. SoLENiA. — Pores in discrete tubules.

Genus I. — Boletus, Dill.
Tubules in a porose stratum without a trama, easih' separable from
each other, and from the hymenophore. Spores normally fusiform.
Fungi terrestrial, fleshy, putrescent, stipitate; the stipe central.

Series I. — Euchrgi.

Tubules colored from the first, not white or gray.

A. Tubules ferruginous.

1. B. piPERATus, Bull. —Pileus convexo-plane, glabrous, a little viscid,
reddish-yellow or brownish. Stipe slender, even, fragile, concolorous,
compressed, the base yellow. Tubules decurrent, ferruginous; the
pores large, angular. Spores brown, elliptic, .007 — .008X.004 mm.

On the ground in open woods, in autumn; rare. Pileus 1-3 in.
broad, stipe 1-3 in. long, and ^-^ of an inch thick. This species is at
once distinguished by its peppery taste; the pileus is moist or even
viscid, when young; the flesh is yellowish.

6 Cincinnati Society of Katurol History.

B. Tubules yellow, jjores the same color
a. Flesh changing to blue.

2. B. CHRYSENTERON, BiiU, — Pileus eonvexo-plaue, soft, floccose-
scal}', brownish or reddish; flesh i^ellow, red beneath the cuticle.
Stipe nearly equal, rigid, fibrose striate, scarlet or yellow. Tubules
nearl}' adnate; the pores large, angular, unequal, greenish-yellow.
Spores olive, fusiform. .012 — .013X.004: mm.

In woods about the roots of trees and in mossy places, in spring and
early summer; common. Pileus 1^-3 in. broad, stipe 2-3 in. long, aud
^-^ of an inch thick. The pileus is often areolate-rimose, and then
the cracks are scarlet; the color is some shade of red, olive or 3'ello\v;
it is sometimes nearly glabrous; the flesh is yellow, changing slightly
to blue when cut or broken ; the stipe is slender, more or less streaked
with red, and often crooked.

3. B. RADiCANS, Pers. — Pileus pulvinate, drv, subtomentose, cinere-
ous or olivaceous, then reddish-yellow; the margin thin, involute.
Stipe tapering downward and rooting, even, yellow with a reddish
bloom, darker when this is rubbed off. Tubules adnate; pores
unequal, large, ^^ellow. Spores olive, fusiform, .011 — .013X.005 mm.

On the ground in woods, in summer; rare. Pileus 2-2^ in.
broad, the stipe about 2 in. long and ^ an inch thick. The
pileus is quite firm and dry, becomes reddish or brownish yel-
low and nearly glabrous; minute reddish scales are sprinkled
over the yellow surface of the stipe; the latter tapers down-
ward to a point which penetrates the ground a little distance; the
flesh is pale yellow, but I have not observed any bluish tinge,
although tills is said to a[)pear in the European species.

4. B. MUTABILI8, n. sp. — Pileus compact, then soft, convex, then
expanded and depressed, dry, subtomentose, brown. Stipe stout, solid,
flexuous, somewhat sulcate, 3'ellowish beneath the brown-punctate
scales. Tubules adnate or somewhat decurrent; the poi'es large,
angular, unequal, .some of them compound, yellow changing to green-
ish-yellow. Spores olive, fusiform, .012 — .013X.0055 mm. Flesh yel-
low changing to blue when broken. (See Plate 1.)

In shady woods, in summer: not uncommon. Pilous 2^-4 in. in di-
ameter, and |1 in. thick, '. he tubes occupying al)out one half the
iliickness; stipe 2-3 in. long, about \ in. thick in the middle, and in-
creasing in thickness above and downward. Tiic flesh in both the
stipe and pileus is a beautiful bright yellow, which changes promptly,

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. 7

to blue when broken, A shade of 3'ellow sometimes appears beneath
the brown of Ihe pileus, and as the plants grow old, thepileus becomes
blackish, glabrous and shining.

h. Flesh unchanged.

5. B. SDBTOMENTosDS, Linn. — Pileus pulvinate-expanded, soft, dry,
villous-tomeutose, somewhat olivaceous, concolorous beneath the cu-
ticle. Stipe stout, somewhat costate sulcate, under a lens punctate-
scabrous. Tubules adnate; the pores large, angular, yellow. Spores
olive, fusiform, .012— .013X.005 mm.

In woods about old stumps and logs, in summer and autumn; com-
mon. Pileus 1^-3 in. broad, stipe 2-3 in. long, and ^-\ an inch thick.
In size and habit this species very much resembles B. chrysenteron;
when the pileus is rimose, the cracks are of the same color as the flesh
or the cuticle, and not red; the flesh is white or' pallid, growing yellow
by exposure.

6. B. AURiPORDS, Peck. — Pileus broadly convex, dry, most minutel}-
tomentose, grayish-brown, sometimes tinged with red. Stipe equal, firm,
solid, smooth. Tubules plain, or nearly so, adnate or somewhat decur-
rent; the pores medium, round, bright golden yellow. Spores olive,
fusiform, .012X.005 mm. Flesh white, unchangeable.

In woods in summer; scarce. Pileus 2 3 in. broad, stipe 2-4 in. long,
and ^-^ an inch thick. The plant I have so referred has a slight gi-een-
'sh tinge in the white flesh next the pores in the section; the stipe is
red above and yellow below. »

C. Tubules yellow, the pores red.

7. B. MAGNispoRus, Frost. — Pileus firm, pulvinate, tomentose, golden
yellow. Stipe slender, long, 3'ellow above and red below. Tubules
scared}' adnate, greenish-yellow; pores minute, even, cinnabar-red*
Spores .016— .017X.006 mm.

In woods, in summer; rare. Pileus 2^ 3+ in. broad, stipe 4 5 in.
lor.g. The tomentum of the pileus is sometimes brownish-yellow; the
flesh is greenish-yellow, changing to blue when cut or broken.

8. B. VERMicuLoscs, Pcck. — Pileus broadly convex, dry, smooth, or
most minutely tomentose, grayish-brown tinged with red. Stipe equal,
solid, smooth, paler than the pileus. Tubules plane or slightly con-
vex, free; the pores small, round, yellow, brownish-orange, becom-
ing almost black. Spores fusiform .011 — .014X. 004mm. Flesh white,
changing to blue.

8 Cincinnati Society of Katiiral History.

In low, damp places in woods, in summer; rare. Pileus 3-4 in.
broad, stipe 3-4 in. long, and ^ f of an inch thick. I found my speci-
mens in very dry weather, and they were quite firm and not infested
by the larvae of insects. In the 3'ounger specimens there is some red
on the stipe and within; the pileus becomes thick and the pores change
to blackish as the plant grows old. '

Series II. — Tephroleuci.

Tubules at first white or gray.

D. Changing to broion.

9. B. sTROBiLACEUS, Scop. — Blackish-umbcr. Pileus pulvinate, im-
bricated with thick floccose scales. Stipe equal, veiled, sulcate at the
apex. Tubules adnate; the pores large, angular, whitish-brown.
Spores blackish-brown, nearly globose, .010 — .013 mm. in diameter.

On the ground in dry woods, in summer; common. Pileus 2-4 in.
broad, stipe 3-4 in. long, and ^-f of an inch thick. In this species the
scales are imbricate, and the tubules are adnate by their whole length.
The flesh when cut or broken becomes reddish or blackish.

10. B. PLOCCOPDS, Vahl. — Cinereous, at length blackish. Pileus pul-
vinate, soft, covered with an areolate-fasciculate, scalj'-squarrose to-
mentura; veil silky thick, annular appendiculate. Stipe stout, umber-
tomentose below, lacunose above. Tubules abbreviated behind; the
pores large, white gray. Spores blackish, nearl}'^ globose, .009 — .010
mm. in diameter.

On the ground in dry woods, in summer; common. Pileus 3-5 in.
broad, the stipe 4-5 in. long, and | 1 in. thick. This species is distin-
guished by the tomentum raised into thick, erect, pointed tufts, and
by the tubules being depressed around the stipe. These black Boleti
are abundant in our woods, and probably there is hardly enough dif-
ference between them to warrant two species. They seem to be scarce
in Europe; they are tiie Strobilomyces of Berkele3\

liJ. Changing to sordid.

11. B. SCABER, Fr. — Pileus pulvinate, glabrous, viscid when wet, at
length rugulose or rivulose; the margin at first curtained. Stipe solid
tapering upward, louiili with (ibrous scales. Tul>ules free, convex,
white then sordid; tije pores minute, round. Spores pale brown, fusi-
form. .014— .O15X.O055 mm.

In hilly woods in summer; rare. Pileus 3-5 in. broad, the stipe 3 5
in. high, and ^-1 in. thick. The few depauperate specimens 1 have

The Mycologic Flora of the 3fiami Valley, 0. 9

thus far found in this locality scarcely reach the smallest of these di-
mensions. No species is more abundant in the mountains; it is
there the common Boletus, Its colors are various, from gray to orange
and brown; it is easily recognized by its shaggy stipe.

12. B. soRDiDDS, Frost. — Pileus pulvinate, somewhat tomentose.
Stipe solid, somewhat flexuous, striate, smaller as it enters the pileus,
generally greenish at the apex. Tubules long, nearly free, white, then
sordid; the pores large, angular. Spores dirty-brown, fusiform, .011 —
.013X.0055 mm.

In damp woods, in summer and autumn; not uncommon. Pileus
2 3 in. broad, stipe 2^-3 in. long, and about | of an inch thick. The
flesh is white, sometimes tinged with red and green ; the tubules
change to bluish green when bruised. This is no doubt Mr. Frost's
plant, but our specimens are much finer than his typical ones. His
description is rather imperfect, but the agreement of the spores and
otherwise is very close.

F. Changing to flesh-color.

13. B. FELLEUS, Bull. — Pileus pulvinate then expanded, soft, glab-
rous, even, brownish or reddish-gray. Stipe solid, tapering upward and
reticulate. Tubules adnate, convex, elongated; the pores angular,
white then flesh-color. Spores rose-color, fusiform, .016X005 ram.

In dry woods in summer; common. Pileus 4-6 in. broad, stipe 4-6
in. long, and about 1 in. thick. The bright rosy spores at once dis-
tinguish this common species; the dimensions given are about those
of the plants met with in this region; the flesh is white or pale flesh-
color; the taste is bitter.

14. B. GRACILIS, Peck. — Pileus convex, dry, smooth or minutely
tomentose, ochraceous brown. Stipe slender, equal or tapering upward,
solid, marked with fine elevated lines which anastomose and form very
long narrow reticulations. Tubules plane, depressed about the stipe
or nearly free; the pores small, round, whitish then pale flesh-color.
Spores flesh-color, fusiform, .013.— .014X.0055 mm.

On the ground in woods, in summer; not common. Pileus l|-2^ in.
broad, stipe 3-5 in. long, and ^-| an inch thick. This plant is much
more slender than B. felleus, and the character of the reticulations on
the stipe quite difl^erent. Spores that I have kept for some time are
somewhat ferruginous in tint. The specimens in this region were all
sent me by Mr. Meyncke, of Brookville, Ind.

10 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

Q. Changing to yellow.

15. B. CASTANEOS, Bull. — Pileus convexo-expanded or depressed,
firm, velvety, cinnamon. Stipe stuffed tben hollow, tapering upward
from a somewhat bulbous base, velvet}' concolorous. Flesh white, not
changing color. Tubules free, short, white; the pores minute, round.
Spores 3^ellow, subelliptic, with an oblique apiculus, .008 — .OlOX
.0055 mm.

In hill}' woods, in summer; common. Pileus 2-2^ in. broad, stipe
2^-3 in. long, and ^-f of an inch thick at the base. The chestnut
color varies from pale to dark; the texture is quite dry, not fleshy or
juic}'; the tubules finally take on the pale 3'ellow color of the spores.

16. B. EDULis, Bull. — Pileus pulvinate, glabrous, moist, brownish.
Stipe stout, reticulate, brownish-pallid. Tubules semi-free, elongated;
the pores minute, angular, white then yellow or greenish. " Spores
large, greenish ochre."

On the ground in woods, in summer; rare. Pileus 3-6 in. broad,
stipe 4-6 in. long, and 1-1^ in. thick. The flesh is white, turning a
little reddish near the epidermis, at first compact, then softer. It is a
stout, flesii}' Boletus, said to be delicious eating. It is thought to be
the Suilliis, which, on the testimony of Plinj^ his countrymen were in
the habit of fetching from Bithynia; it is the modern Porcino which is
sold in strings, during the winter, in every market place throughout
Italy.

flit fitiKox^i^f tlJl^ffi3:t,^l;i^|ltt^trtil ilktem

m

012 - 013
X 0055 mm.

BOLETUS MUTABILIS, MORG.

From the Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, July, 1885.

THE MYCOLOGIC FLORA OF THE MIAMI VALLEY,

LIBRARV
MEW YORK

DTANICAL
GARDEN

OHIO.

By a. p. Morgan.

\^C()ntiniied from Vol. VII, p. lo. Plate I. \

Genus II. Polyporus, Fr.

Hymenophore descending in a trama between the pores ; the
pores hence connate with the substance of the pileus and not sep-
arable from each other. Fungi mostly lignatile and persistent.

L Mesopus.

II. Pleuropus.

III. Merisma.

I. Carnosi.

I. Lenti.

I. Carnosi.

2. Lenti.

2. Suberoso —

2. Lenti.

3. Subcoriacei.

Hgnosi.
IV. Apus.

3. Caseosi.

4. Suberosi.

A. Anoderrnei.

B. Placoderviei.

C. Inodermei.

I. Carnosi.

4. Suberosi.

7. Stupposi.

2. Lenti.

5. Fomentarii.

8. Coriacei.

3. Spongiosi.

6. Lignosi.

V. Resupinati.

A. Pores colored.

B. Pores
I. MESOPUS.

white.

Stipe vertical, simple, concolorous at the base.
I. Carnosi. Pileus fleshy ; terrestrial.

1. P. ovinus, Fr. Pileus fleshy, fragile, deformed, becoming
scaly, whitisfi. Stipe short, unequal, white. Pores minute, round,
equal, white, then citron-colored.

On the ground in woods in autumn ; rare. Pileus 2 — 4 inches
broad, fleshy, thick, compact but fragile, very irregular in shape ;
stipe short and thick, an inch or more in length, sometimes
tuberous ; edible, with a pleasant amygdaline taste.

2. P. leucomelas, Pers. Pileus fleshy, somewhat fragile, dc-

92 Cincivvati Society of Natural History.

formed, silky, scaly, sooty black. Stipe stout, unequal, subto-
mentose, concolorous. Pores rather large, unequal, cinereous or
whitish.

On the ground in woods in autumn : rare. Pileus 2 — 5 inches
broad. Stipe one and one-half inches or more in length. Pileus
and stipe here and tliere changing to black ; flesh soft, mar-
bled, pinkish when exposed to the air; pores becoming black
in drying ; a curious esculent species.

3. Y. flavo-vircns, B. & Rav. Pileus fleshy, tough, subinfundi-
buliform, more or less irregular, subtomentose, dirty yellow, with
obscure zones of greeni.sh-yellow , the margin thin, involute; sub-
stance white. Stipe solid, more or less excentric, greenish-yel-
low. Pores medium, dccurrcnt, angular, irregular, becoming
lacerate, whitish, then greenish-yellow.

On the ground in woods in autunm ; rare. Pileus 3 — 5 inches
across; stipe one to one and one-half inches long. The pileus
is more or less irregular, varying from orbicular to reniform and
lobed ; the pores are extremely dccurrcnt, extending down the
stipe sometimes almost to the base ; it is distinguished by its
peculiar greenish-yellow color, though the substance inside is
white.

II. Lenti. Pileus coriaceous, not zonate ; truncigenous.

4. P. IciilHS^ Berk. Pileus fleshy, tough, then coriaceous, umbili-
cate, minutely scaly, pale ochraceous. Stipe short, incurved, his-
pid and furfuraceous, concolorous. Pores decurrent, irregular,
white.

On the dead branches of fallen trees. Pileus i — 2 inches broad ;
stipe one-half to one inch long. Pileus at first scaly and
reddish-brown, at length ncarl)' smooth and ochraceous; stipe cov-
ered by the pores nearly to the base ; [)ores large, rather deep,
roundish or subquadrate.

5. P. brunialis, Pers. Pileus fleshy-tough, then coriaceous,
subumbilicate, villous and sooty, becoming glabrous and pale.
Stipe slender, hirsute and .scaly. Pores oblong and angular, thin,
acute, denticulate, white.

On dead trunks and branches, in late autumn and winter. Pileus
one to three inches broad ; the stipe one to two inches long ; there

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 93

exists a form with the pores small and round, with thick dissepi-
ments.

6. P. arciilarhis, Batsch. Pileus tough, then leathery, convex,
subumbilicate, brown, scaly, then glabrous and yellowish ; the mar-
gin strigose. Stipe short, somewhat scaly, brown-gray. Pores
rhombic-oblong, thin, rather large, entire, whitish.

On dead trunks and branches, common in spring. Pileus one
to two inches broad ; stipe an inch or less in length ; pores whit-
ish or tawny, quite large and elongated, with thin dissepiments,
measuring as much as 1.5X. 5 mm.

III. SuBCORiACEi. Pileus hard and dry from the first, then
corky or coriaceous ; context ferruginous ; terrestrial.

7. P. Montagnei, Fr. Ferruginous. Pileus corky, soft, de-
formed, azonate, covered with a seceding scurfy tomentum. Stipe
short, unequal. Pores short, ample, round, obtuse, entire, concol-
orous.

On the ground in woods ; rare. This is a larger and more
showy species than the others in this section. It is given on the
the faith of Berkeley in Lea's Catalogue.

8. P. pannihis, Klotsch. Pileus coriaceous, umbilicate, zonate,
velvety, cinnamon, then whitish. Stipe short, cinnamon. Pores
large, cinnamon, lacerate.

On the ground in woods ; rare. Pileus an inch or less in diam-
eter ; stipe about half an inch long. This is the P. connatiis,
Schw., of Lea's Catalogue, the pilei being frequently grown to-
gether ; the two are considered identical by Fries. It is distin-
guished from the following species by its canescent pileus and the
larger pores.

9. P. subsericeus. Peck. Pileus coriaceous, subumbilicate, zon-
ate, silky-shining, with close radiating fibers, ferruginous. Stipe
slender, tomentose, concolorous. Pores small, angular, short, sub-
concolorous.

On the ground in woods ; rare. Pileus an inch or less in
breadth ; the stipe half an inch in length. This is the P. splen-
dens, Peck, of the 26th Report. My specimens are identical with
those received from Prof Peck. It is distinguished by its thin,
silky-striate, shining pileus.

94 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

II. PLEUROPUS.

Stipe ascending, simple, excentric or lateral, lignatile.

I. Lenti. Pileus tough-fleshy, azonate ; pores short; context

pallid.

a. Stipe blackish at the base.

10. P. radicatus, Schvv. Pileus fleshy-tough, pulvinate, de-
pressed, sooty-pale, subtomentose. Stipe e.xcentric, long, taper-
ing downward, rooting, black below. Pores somewhat decurrent,
very large, obtuse, equal, white.

On the ground near old stumps, in autumn ; common. I find
this plant, as Berkeley says, of various sizes, from the small plant,
which Schweinitz describes, to five inches or more across, with the
stipe six inches or more in length • the long, tapering stipe penetrates
the earth to a depth of several inches, the tip being always attached
to some Iportion of an old root. The pileus is brown or blackish
and more or less tomentose ; the upper part of the stipe is colored
as the pileus, whitish at the top ; the lower rooting portion is black
and more or less crooked or deformed. The pores are very large,
averaging. 65 mm. in diameter. /-'. Morgani, Frost, appears tome
to be this same plant

II. V. picipes, Fr. Pileus fleshy, coriaceous, then rigid, tough,
even, glabrous, depressed on tne disc or behind. Stipe e.xcentric
and lateral, equal, firm, at first velvety, then naked and punctate,
black. Pores decurrent, round, small, white, then reddish yellow.

In woods on old logs; common. Very variable in size; pileus
very thin but tough, three to six inches or more across, often lobed,
the color varying from pale to chestnut, especially on the depressed
disk.

12. P. vanus, Fr. Pileus fltshy-tough, thin, becoming woody,
glabrous, subvirgate, deformed, depressed on the disc or behind.
.Slij)c excentric and lateral, even, glabrous, gradually cinereous-
blackish downward. Pores decurrent, minute, short, round, un-
equal, whitish, then cinnamon.

On trunks and branches in woods. The specimens referred to
this species are few in number and very variable in appearance ;
they probably include the P. fissiis, of Berkeley, together with
larger forms.

The Mycolof/ic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 95

13. P. clegans, Bull. Pileus at first uniformly fleshy, but soon
hard and woody, explanate, even, glabrous, of one color. Stipe
excentric or lateral, even, glabrous, pallid, the base abruptly black
and rooting. Pores plane, minute, subrotund, yellowish white or
pallid.

On trunks and branches in woods ; rare. Pileus from two to
four inches broad, the stipe variable an inch, more or less. The
pileus soon becomes hard and woody ; it does not thin out toward
the margin as in the preceding ; the color is a pale ochre or orange,
not different on the disk, which is scarcely depressed. The var.
nununidarius, Fr. , is smaller, thinner, somewhat regular in outline ;
the stipe equal, eccentric ; the pileus scarcely an inch across.

b. Stipe concoloroiis at the base.

14. P. rJiipidimn, Berk. Pileus casspitose, coriaceous, reniform,
concentrically sulcate, alutaceous-white. Stipe lateral, short, di-
lated upward. Pores small, angular, denticulate, whitish.

On old trunks in woods ; rare. Pileus one-half to three-fourths of
an inch broad ; stipe one-fourth of an inch or more in length. This
curious species exactly resembles Pamis styptiais, excepting in the
character of the hymenium. It was first described from the Ohio
specimens sent by Mr. Lea ; it has been found in New York and
is common in the Southern States; it has also been found in Cey-
lon, Brazil and Australia.

II. SuBEROSO-LiGNOSi, Pileus thick, hard, azonate , stipe stout,
vertical, conccJlorous at the base ; pores long.

15. P. lucidus, Leys. Pileus corky, then woody, flabelliform,
sulcate, rugose, laccate, shining, at first yellow, then reddish
chestnut. Stipe lateral, equal, concolorous. Pores determinate,
long, minute, white, then cinnamon.

In low, wet places, about the base of trees and stumps ; com-
mon. Pileus 3 — 5 inches broad, the stipe variable; as it grows
in this region, the stipe is always more or less deformed and
often wanting ; the pilei, when sessile, are then sometimes imbri-
cated and connate.

III. MERISMA.

Out of a common trunk or tubercle are unfolded numerous

96 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

pileoli, which have arisen by divisions of the primary pileus.
These are the largest and most showy of all Fungi.

I. Carnosi. Pileus fleshy, firm, floccose-fibrous, azonate ; au-
tumnal.

1 6. P. anax, Berk. Very much branched, fibrous, fleshy, a
little tough ; pileoli very numerous, recurved and imbricate, fibrous-
tomentose, dusky gray ; stipes thick and concrescent, white. Pores
large, unequal, angular, white. Spores white, subelliptic, .007 —
.008 mm. long.

At the base of oak trees and stumps in autumn ; common. It
branches out from a thick, single stem at the base, and forms a
large head of branches and pileoli 10 to 20 inches in diameter; the
branches terminate in numerous leafy pileoli of various forms and
sizes, imbricating, confluent and recurved ; the flesh is white, like
the pores. The species does not appear to differ from P. frondosus
Y\.^ except in the large, irregular pores; both are probably forms
of the ancient Fungus intybaceus.

II. Lenti. Pileus, fleshy-tough, then coriaceous, more or less
zonate, fibrous within; autumnal.

17. V. gigafiteits, Pers. Imbricato-multiplex, fleshy-tough, then
subcoriaceous. Pileoli dimidiate, very broad, flaccid, subzonate,
rivulose, bright brown, depressed behind. Stipes from a common
tuber, connat<.', ramose. Pores minute, subrotund, pallid, at length
lacerate.

On the ground about the base of old stumps; not rare. It forms
large tufts, one to two feet or more in breadth, branched in an im-
bricated manner; pileoli various inform, the surface granulated
with minute brown flocci, the disk depressed, at length black ;
pores dirty brown when bruised.

18. P. Bcrkcleyi, Vx. Imbricato-multiplex, fleshy-tough, becom-
ing hard and corky. Pileoli very large, subzonate, finally tomen-
tose, alutaceous. Stipes short or none, arising from a long and
thick common base. Pores rather large, irregular, angular, pale
alutaceous.

Growing out of the ground usually near trees or stumps; not un-
common. The pileoli are sometimes nearlx- a foot in breadth and
few in number, or they arc smaller and more nuinen)us. A speci-

The Mycologic Mora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 97

men before me, consisting of 15 to 20 lobes and pileoli, has a
breadth of 15 inches and a heighth of one foot; the common stipe
usually penetrates the ground some distance. The original speci-
men from the herbarium of Berkeley, described by Fries, appears
to have been a single large segment or pileolus (Nov. Symb., p. 56).
Fries styles it " Nobillissimus interomnes mihi cognitos Polyporos."
Miss Banning's P. Beatiei seems scarcely different, except in
texture.

19. P. distortiis, Schw. "Pilei confluent, distorted or ear-shaped,
cervine, with the pores on all sides ; pores minute, rather soft, white,
growing pallid. " ScJnv.

"Pilei numerous, subdimidiate, distorted, ear-form or orbicular ; cov-
ered all over by the pores, which are white, becoming pale, minute,
sinuate, rather soft, and which often grow upon the margin of the
pileus, rendering it thick and porose, and run down on the spongy,
coriaceous stipes. Frequently the fungus is found destitute of a
pileus, being everywhere porose and club-shaped, or cylindrical."
Fries.

This polymorphous species I observe not uncommonly growing
about the roots of the stumps in newly-cleared lands. I am unable
to see that it is an imperfect form of any other species.

III. Caseosi. Pileus cheesy, at first watery-soft, afterward dry
and fragile; growing in spring and summer, but short-lived and
soon crumbling to pieces.

20. P. sulphureus, Bull. Caespitoso-multiplex, juicy-cheesy, soon
growing pale. Pileoli imbricate, undulate, nearly glabrous, red-
dish-yellow. Pores minute, plane, sulphur-yellow. Spores white.
.0058X.0076 mm.

On old logs, stumps and even the decayed portions of standing
trees; very common. Forming large tufts, i — 2 feet or more in
breadth ; pileoli various in form, but in their fresh state readily
distinguished by the sulphur-colored pores, though the bright
colors are soon gone, and the whole pales out and crumbles to
pieces.

21. P. Cincinnatus, Morg. Consisting of numerous caespitose-
connate, imbricated, more or less stipitate pileoli. PileoH very
broad, reniform, undulate and rugose, nearly glabrous, reddish-

98 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

yellow, subzonate toward the margin. Pores minute, unequal,
somewhat angular, milky-white. Spores white .0037X.0055 mm.

Growing on the ground about the base of trees in damp woods.
The whole mass is four to six inches in height, spreading upward
and outward all around, with numerous pileoli symmetrically dis-
posed, to a diameter of 12 to 16 inches across the upper surface.
The common stipe rests bluntly on the ground, scarcely rooting.
The single pileoli are 3 — 8 inches broad, with an extent of 2 — 5
inches, each stipe an inch or less in length ; the thickness about
one-half an inch, thinning out to the edge.

IV. SuBEROSi. Pileus corky or coriaceous, persistent, tenacious;
texture floccose, fomentarious; truncigenous.

22. P. graveolctis, Schw. Corky or woody and extremely hard,
very closely imbricated and connate, forming a subglobose or poly-
cephalous mass. Pileoli innumerable, indexed and appressed,
plicate, brown. Pores concealed, very minute, round, pale brown ;
the di.ssepiments thick and obtuse.

In woods, on old dead trunks; not uncommon. This remarka-
ble fungus consists of innumerable pileoli, forming a subglobose or
elongated mass 3 — 6 inches in diameter, and often many inches
in length, especially on .standing trunks. When fresh and
growing it has a varnished or resinous appearance, and often
purplish or reddish tints, with a paler margin. The substance
within is ferruginous, rather soft and floccose, but covered by a
very hard brown crust. The pores are brown, but lined with an
extremely minute white pubescence. The jiilcoli are so closely
imbricated and appressed as almost or entirely to conceal the pores.
I am unable to separate from this the P. coiiglobatus of Berkeley ;
this latter Fries states to be a species of Trametes (Nov. Symb., p.
6"]^, while he refers P. gravcolcns to the Merismoidei, 1. c. p. 62.
It is called by people "Sweet Knot," but I am unable to verify
the popular notion concerning its wonderful fragrance, perceptible
at a great distance from the tree on wliicli it grows. When fresh,
it has a strong and disagreeable odor, as described by Schweinitz.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 99

IV. APUS.

Pileus sessile, adnate, dimidiate ; lignatile.

A. ANODERMEI. Pileus at first more or less fleshy and
watery or juicy, without a distinct cuticle.

I. Carnosi. Pileus cheesy, at first watery-soft, fragile, floccu-
lose ; pores white.

23. P. lacteiis, Fr. White. Pileus fleshy-fibrous, fragile, tri-
quetrous, pubescent, azonate ; the margin inflexed, acute. Pores
thin, acute, dentate, at length labyrinthiform and lacerate.

In woods, on trunks, especially of beech. Commonly small and
thin, about an inch in width, but sometimes transversely elongated ;
steep and gibbous behind, becoming at length smooth and unequal.

24. P. fragilis, Fr, Whitish, brown spotted to the touch.
Pileus fleshy-fibrous, fragile, piano-depressed and reniform, rugose,
convex beneath. Pores thin, long and flexuous, intricate.

In woods, on very rotten wood ; rare. Pileus 2 — 3 inches in
breadth, projecting an inch or more, and about an inch in thick-
ness. The specimens so referred were at first white and very
fragile ; in handling and drying they have become brown and brittle.

25. P. ccFshis, Schrad. White, here and there with a bluish
tinge. Pileus fleshy, soft, tenacious, unequal, silky. Pores small,
unequal, long and flexuous, dentate, lacerate.

Iji woods, on sticks; rare. Pileus ^ — 1 5^ inches broad and
long, simple or subimbricate, sometimes sub-stipitate. The color
assumed by my specimens is a bluish-gray. The pores are rather
small and become toothed and lacerate.

26. P. delectans. Peck. White, becoming yellowish. Pileus
fleshy-fibrous, firm, simple or subimbricate, azonate, subtomentose.
Pores large, unequal, at first subrotund and obtuse, then thin, an-
gular and dentate. (Plate i.)

In woods, on fallen trunks; common. Pileus two to four inches
in breadth, with a projection of one to two inches, or, confluently,
several inches in width. The stratum of pores is about half the
thickness of the pileus.

27. P. destructor, Schrad. Pileus watery-fleshy, effuso-reflexed,
fragile, rugose, subundulate, brownish-whitish, zonate within. Pores
long, roundish, dentate or lacerate, white.

100 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

On old logs ; rare. My specimens so referred are 3 — 5 inches in
width and project about an inch. But it is said to be extremely
variable in form, being often wholly resupinate. The P. hybridiis.
Sow., or "dry rot" of ships built of British oak, is thought to
be but a form of this species.

II. Lenti. Pileus fleshy, tough, soft, elastic, villous-tomentose ;
pores colored.

28. P. nidulans, Fr. Pileus fleshy, very soft, subpulvinate,
villous, then smooth, azonate, reddish-gray, of the same color
within. Pores long, medium, unequal, angular, tawny-reddish.

On fallen trunks and branches, especially of hickory. Pileus
l^ — 3 inches in breadth. Readily distinguished by its peculiar
softness and color.

29. P. ftanosus, Pers. Pileus fleshy, corky, firm, azonate, silky,
becoming glabrous, sooty-pallid, dilated-adnate behind; within,
fibrous and subzonate. Pores minute, short, round, entire, whitish-
smoky, darker when rubbed.

On stumps, near the ground, especially of willow. Caespitose
and imbricated, the pileus attaining a breadth of 3-4 inches, the
smok\- tint more or less prevalent, larger and smoother than the
next.

30. P. adustus, Willd. Pileus fleshy-tough, thin, villous, ciner-
eous-pallid, effuso-reflexed behind. Pores minute, short, round,
obti se, whitish, pruinose, soon cinereous-brown, the marginal ones
obsolete.

This is one of the commonest of Polypori, and is found on
trunks of every kind. The typical form, 7'il/ons, and with the mar-
gin strms^ht, is seldom met with ; a form velvety, isabelline in color,
thin and coriaceous when dry, like P. isahcllinus, Schw., is com-
mon; the. pileus is sometimes subzonate toward the m.argin ; it
occurs with the margin undulate, rugulose and even crisp; but in
all the forms, the minute burnt brown pores prevail. P. funioso-
griseiis, C. & E.., is a resupinate form of this species growing on
butternut.

31. P. (hchroiis, Fr. Pileus fleshy-tough, tliin, soft, effuso-
reflexed, even, silky, white. Pores short, minute, round, obtuse,
brown-cinnamon.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 101

On trunks of all kinds ;] common. Pileus an inch or two in
breadth, and projecting an inch or less, but often effused and later-
ally confluent to the extent of several inches. A beautiful species.
The hymenium is waxy, whence it has given rise to another genus,
Glceoporus conchoides, Mont. The hymenium varies in color, being
oftener a pale cinnan:on in this region ; occasionally I find a speci-
men with the dark purplish pores and narrow ferruginous margin
of P. nigro-piirpurascens, Schw.

32. P. w'vosus. Berk. Pileus fleshy, tough, moderately thick,
effuso-reflexed, laterally confluent, azonate, glabrous, snowy white.
Pores minute, angular, acute, entire, whitish.

In woods on fallen sticks and branches; rare. Pileus ^ — 1 1^
inches in breadth, more or less imbricated, and often laterally con-
fluent, always extensively effused and sometimes with a very narrow
reflexed margin ; the pores are very small and angular ; the color of
the fresh and growing specimen is snow white, but in drying, it
takes on an alutaceous hue, sometimes with o-reenish or brownish
discolored spots. My s'pecimens are identical with specimens of
the species received from Mr. J. B. Ellis, of New Jersey. I am
indebted to Mr. W. C. Stevenson, of the Philadelphia Academy of
Sciences, for a copy of the original description.

III. Spongiosi. Pileus at first wet and spongy, when dry, firm
and elastic (or hardened), fibrous within.

a. Context Colored.

33. P. endocrocinus, Berk. Pileus large, thick, spongy-fibrous,
strigose-bristly, dark brown , the substance within of a rich saffron.
Pores medium, thin, angular, lacerate, golden brown.

On decayed spots in standing trunks of hickory. Pileus, 3 — 6
inches in breadth. The few specimens I have met with were much
deformed ; but I judge it belongs here in the place where Fries
assigns it, Nov. Symb., p. 55. I do not find any stipe.

34. P. Pilotce, Schw. Crimson orange. Pileus very large, pulv-
inate or subungulate, nearly glabrous, spongy, fibrous, becoming
hard and corky ; the substance within uneven, zonate. Pores
long, medium, at first round and thick, then thin and angular.

In woods on old logs ; rare. Pileus 4 — 6 inches, or sometimes

102 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

nearly a foot in diameter. The color of the specimens varies
greatly with the age ; they are at first, and when perfectly fresh, of
a gorgeous crimson-orange ; then the surface of the pileus grows
paler through orange to alutaceous ; and the hymenium grows
darker through brownish crimson to dark brown ; the substance
varies to reddish and pale wood-color, and is remarkably zonate.
This is the P. Jiypococcimis of Berkeley, in Lea's Catalogue, accord-
ing to Fries in the Novae Symbolic. Schweinitz seems to have
found it but once, and his specimens had evidently lost their brill-
iancy ; while! Mr. Berkeley's description is based upon the notes
and careful observations of Mr. Lea. This is certainly one of the
most magnificent of fungi, both in size and color.

35. P. cuticiilaris , Bull. Pileus thin, spongy, fleshy, then dry,
applanate, hirsute and tomentose, rusty brown, becoming blackish ;
within loosely parallel-fibrous ; the margin fibrous-fimbriate, in-
curved. Pores minute, long, pallid, then ferruginous.

In woods on old trunks; common. Pileus 2 — 4 inches in diame-
ter and rather thin. More or less imbricated and concrescent, ob-
soletely zonate, unequal and somewhat triangular, inflexed when
dry; the tomentum strigose or velvety. Pores in the fresh speci-
mens cinereous, pruinose, glittering when turned in the light.
Spores very abundant, Indian yellow, .0056 mm. in length.

b. Context White.

36. P. galactinus^ Berk. White. Pileus simple or subimbricate,
spongy-fleshy, soft, becoming hardened, strigose-tomentose,
zonate within ; the margin incurved. Pores minute, round, entire.

In woods on rotten logs ; common. Pileus 2 — 4 inches in
width, somewhat pulvinate, thick, and sometimes gibbous behind,
at first fleshy, soft and fragile, but drying quite hard, the margin
curving inward ; the color is commonly a milky white, but some-
times this is modified by sordid or smoky tints. The pores in the
fresh plant are extremely minute, with thick dissepiments, and the
hymenium has a silky luster ; in ihi; dried specimens they appear
larger, thin, and somewhat angular, but always entire. There is
little if any difference between this and P. undulatus, Schw.

37. P. piibescens, Schum. Pilf.ais fleshy-tough, then corky, soft.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 108

convex, subzonate, pubescent, white within and without ; the
margin acute, at length yellowish. Pores short, minute, nearly
round and plane.

On stumps and old trunks; not common. Pileus r^ inches or
more in breadth, usually much imbricated and laterally confluent.
My specimens differ in color from the type, being rather brownish,
especially on the margin ; they may be the P. Sullivantii, Mont.,
which Prof. Peck considers as not specifically distinct.

B. PLACODERMEL Pileus covered with a contiguous crust,
azonate or concentrically sulcate ; persistent.

IV. SuBEROSi. Pileus at first somewhat fleshy and juicy, after-
ward hardened, covered by a rather thin crust; autumnal and some-
what persistent.

38. P. dryophihis, Berk. Pileus large, thick, ungulate, fleshy,
then corky, uneven, scabrous, ferruginous-yellow, canescent. Pores
small, irregular, angular, entire, ferruginous, the mouth whitish.

Growing at the base of living oak trees, and also on oak logs.
Pileus 3 — 5 inches in breadth, i ^ — 2 inches thick. The pileus is
commonly very irregular and unequal, the surface uneven, with ele-
vations and depressions; the ferruginous color prevails throughout,
whitened externally by a subtle canescence or glaucescence. It is
rather corky from the first, becoming hard and brittle.

39. P. resinosus, Schrad. Pileus fleshy, then corky, flocculose-
pruinate, reddish brown; the cuticle adnate, rigid, rivulose, resin-
aceous ; within azonate, pallid. Pores minute, equal, pallid.

On old trunks in autumn ; very common. Pileus usually 4 — 7
inches in breadth, though specimens a foot in diameter are met
with ; often imbricate and sometimes zonate.

V. FoMENTARii. Pileus dry, covered with a hard, horny crust ;
perennial, yearly adding new strata,

a. Context Colored.

40. P. reniformis, Morg. Pileus sessile or substipitate, reniform
or dimidiate, ascending, concave above and convex below; the sur-
face ferruginous, concentrically sulcate and subzonate; the margin
thin and acute. Pores minute, ferruginous, the mouth whitish.

Growing about the base of old stumps ; common. Pileus 3 — 6

104 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

inches in breadth, and about i inch thick at the base. This species
seldom makes but the growth of a single year; when more than
one year's growth is made, a new stratum of hymcnophore is inter-
posed between the successive strata of tubules as in P. vei^etits, Fr.

41. P. applanatus, Pers. Pileus horizontal, explanate, obsoletely
zonate, pulverulent or glabrous, cinnamon then cancscent ; the
cuticle crustaceous, rigid, at length fragile ; within very soft,
loosely floccose ; the margin tumid, white then cinnamon. Pores
minute, subfcrrnginous ; the mouth whitish, changing to brownish
when rubbed.

On old stumps and logs ; very common. Pileus from 4 or 5
inches to i foot in diameter, and i to 2 inches in thickness, flattened
out and not at all ungulate, as in the next species. The pores are
distinctly stratified, and it often occurs with a growth of several
years.

42. P. fouieiitarius, l.inn. Pileus ungulate-pulvinate, thick,
glabrous, remotely concentrically sulcate, opaque, sooty, then can-
escent; within soft, floccose, ferruginous-tawny; cuticle thick, very
hard, persistent; the margin glaucous-pruinose. Pores very long,
minute, distinctly stratified, at first glaucous-pruinose, afterward
ferruginous.

This species is common in the Eastern States on trunks of beech
and birch ; in this region it must be extremely rare, as I never met
with a specimen, though it is in Lea's Catalogue. Pileus 3—5
inches in width, and 2—3 inches high, in shape much like a horse's
hoof The cuticle is very hard, brownish gray, with cinerous .uid
dark zones ; the margin generally rather acute, and the surface of
the pores concave ; the substance within spongy, tawny, yielding
the best of amadou. The pores are distincll\- stratified and at first
are whitish, glaucous or yellowish-gray, at length ferruginous. It
differs decidedly in form from the preceding species, with which it
was once included.

43. P. limosiis, Berk. Pileus |)ulvinate-ungulate, much dilated,
deeply concentrically sulcate, cinnamon, then brown or hl.ickish
and exceedingly rimose ; context very hard, fibrous-radiating,
tawny-ferruginous; the margin broad, jiruinate-velvety, rather

The M)jrofoi/ir Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 105

acute. Pores minute, indistinctly stratified, tawny- ferruginous, the
mouths rhubarb color.

On decayed spots of the trunks and branches of the living trees
of the common locust (Robinia) ; common. Pileus from 3 or 4
inches to a foot in diameter, and 2 inches or more in thick-
ness. The annual increments are distinguished by the deep
concentric furrows on the upper surface, rather than by dis-
tinct strata of pores ; the marginal band is of the same rhu-
barb color as the poi'es, while the older bands become cracked
and brown or blackish. This is a most elegant Polyporus ; the
species was founded on specimens from New Holland, and it has
been found in South Africa. How far eastward it extends, I am
unable to say, but should judge that it ranged with the Robinia.
I am disposed to think it is the P. igniarhis of Schweinitz, N A.
Fungi. For the identification of the species I am indebted to Dr.
M. C. Cooke, of London.

44. P. salianus, Fr. Pileus woody, very hard, undulate, glabrous,
the largest part resupinate ; the margin short, obtuse, spreading,
cinnamon, then canescent. Pores minute, round, ferruginous-cin-
namon.

Growing commonly on old logs of the American Ash ; often
many feet in extent, with the narrow upper margin seldom more
than an inch in thickness, and soon becoming brown and blackish.
The fresh pores exhibit an elegant satiny luster when turned in the
light.

45. P. siipinus, Fr. Pileus woody, hard, effuso-reflexed, pallid ;
the margin obtuse ; the substance within ferruginous. Pores mi-
nute, round, obtuse, cinereous-brown.

On the branches of an old Peach tree. Pileus roundish and
mostly effused, an inch or two in diameter, or confluent for several
inches on the under side of a branch, half an inch in thickness ; the
older portions turning blackish. A fine gray tomentum over-
spreads the surface and the pores, while the Context beneath is
ferruginous or brownish.

b. Context White.

46. P. fraxinophilus. Peck. Pileus subungulate, corky, woody,
hard, concentrically sulcate and rimose ; the margin obtuse, white ;

106 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

context stratose, white, then subfcrruginous. Pores medium, un-
equal, nearly round, obtuse, white.

On living trees of the White Ash ; common. Pileus 3 — 6 inches
or more in breadth, and 2 — 3 inches thick. The pileus is commonly
more or less irregular or deformed ; it is distinctly stratified within
and witliout, both the substance and the pores; the while margin
changes to gray or cinereous, and finally to brown and blackish in
the succeeding years ; the white pores and substance become isa-
bellinc, and at length somewhat ferruginous. The pores are very
large for this class of Polypori, averaging as much as .35 mm. in
diameter ; they are quite trainetoid in appearance. It grows high
up on the living trunk, on spots where branches have broken off.

47. P. cofuiatus, Fr. Pileus corky,' woody, effuso-reflexed, scalari-
imbricate, concrescent, villous, white or cinereous; the context and
pores stratose Pores minute, nearly round, white.

Growing at the base of Maple trees, between the roots, and often
covered over by mosses ; common. Pilei 2 — 5 inches in breadth,
and often reflexed 2 or 3 inches. Our specimens are scarcely
villous, but velvety, and glabratc ; the white changes to an elegant
cream color in drying. The dried specimens are light and corky,
yet the plant is remarkably persistent, some specimens exhibiting
the strata of many years.

VI. LiGNOSi. Pileus hard and woody, covered by a thin crust,
more. or less effused at the base ; perennial, but not stratose.

48. P. fraxiunis, Bull. Pileus corkw wood)-, glabrous, some-
what applanate, whitish, then reddish and brown, at first even, after-
ward concentrically sulcate-plicate, pallid within. Pores minute,
short, reddish at first, as well as the margin covered with a white
sebaceous down.

( )n trunks of the White A.sh ; rare. Pileus 2 -4 inches in breadth,
or confiuently several inches. Solitary or inihricatetl, rugged, sub-
zonate, dark red brown ; the margin, substance and pores pale red-
dish. Odor strong and penetrating.

49. P. glojneratus, Peck. Pileus corky, woody, effuso-reflexed,
densely imbricate, concre.scent, siibtomentose, dark tawny, ob-
scurely zonate. Pores small, angular, greenish yellow, with purple
tints, the mouths with a silvery sheen.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 107

In woods on old Maple logs ; not common. The pilei are often
effused to the extent of several feet, with a narrow irregular margin
of half an inch or more. Greenish-yellow, olivaceous, and some-
times purplish tints are variously blended ; and these likewise affect
the substance and the pores.

50. P. gilvus, Schw. Pileus corky, woody, hard, effuso-reflexed,
imbricate and concrescent, subtomentose, then scabrous and un-
even, reddish yellow, then subferruginous, the margin acute. Pores
minute, round, entire, brownish-ferruginous.

In woods on fallen trunks and branches ; very common. Pileus
2 — 3 inches in breadth, and projecting i — 1 1^ inches. The pileus is
fir.st thin, of a bright reddish yellow, and velvety or subtomentose ;
afterward the form and surface is various. The pileus may remain
thin, or it may become excessively thickened and subungulate ; the
surface soon becomes scabrous, and sometimes it is furnished with
warty granules ; it is often very uneven or scrupose. Specimens
occur that are distinctly zonate. The reddish yellow of the grow-
ing margin soon changes to ferruginous, and very old specimens
have assumed a canescence.

I am of the opinion that P. gilvus, Schw., P. isidioides, Berk.,
and P. scruposiis, Fr. , all pertain to the same species, and I am un-
able to separate them even as varieties ; 1 think they are based on
differences in the form and age of the specimens. I do not think
it is ever " fleshy-tough " as appears to be assumed by Fries in the
Epicrisis.

C. INODERMEI. Pileus from the first dry and firm, the
cuticle thin and fibrous.

VII. Stuposi. Pileus corky or coriaceous, azonate or the zones

not differently colored, glabrate or appressed villous ; the context

fibrous or floccose.

'a. Context Colored.

51. P. radiatus, Sow. Pileus corky, coriaceous, rigid, radiately
wrinkled ; at first velvety, tawny; afterward glabrate, ferruginous-
brown ; the margin spreading, repand. Pores minute, pallid,
silvery-shining, at length ferruginous.

On decayed trunks; rare. Pileus i — 2 inches in breadth, very
much imbricated and concrescent, always corky; the margin repand,
radiate-rugose and subzonate.

108 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

52. P. cimiabanmis, Fr. Pileus corky, pubescent becoming
glabrous, scarcely zonate, rugulosc, cinnabar-red, expallent. Por,es
round, medium, entire, of a deeper red than the pileus.

On trunks of all sorts, especially Cherry; common. Pileus 2 — 4
inches in breadth, convex above and plane beneath. The younger
plants and the growing margin are pubescent, the older portion
becomes glabrous, and is wrinkled and pitted. It is recognized at
once by its elegant color. It is given as a Trametes in the second
edition of the Epicrisis.

b. Context White.

53. P. Jiifllliusculus, Berk. Whitish. Pileus corky, thin, radiate-
ly wrinkled, zonate, velvety-strigose ; the margin often lobed ; the
context floccose, white. Pores medium, subrotund ; then thin,
acute and lacerate.

In woods on old trunks; common. Pileus i )^ — 3 inches in
breadth, usually much imbricated, and usually effuso-reflexed ; the
zones of soft strigae are sometimes a little deeper colored. The
dried plants are very light, and of an isabelline or alutaceous hue.

54. P. fibula, Fr. Whitish. Pileus coriaceous, soft, tenacious,
velvety-hirsute, azonate, often radiate-rugose ; the margin entire,
acute; the context floccose, white. Pores rather small, round,
acute, at length lacerate, becoming yellowish.

On fallen branches ; rare. Pileus an inch or two in breadth, im-
bricate and variously concrescent, rather thick. Its substance is sofj
and light when dry, like the preceding, but it differs in its uniform
and more conspicuous pubescence not arranged in zones.

55 P. virgincus, Schw. White. Pileus coriaceous, thin, tough,
zonate, glabrous, radiately wrinkled, tuberculose ; the margin thin,
undulate ; the context floccose-fibrous, white. Pores medium,
round, entire ; becoming thin, angular, acute.

In woods (jii old trunks ; not common. The pilei have a peculiar
habit of growing orbicular or with a helicoid or spirally imbricate
arrangement, being attached by the center underneath ; they vary
in form, however, to reniform and dimidiate, and are sometimes
substipitate. The dried specimens have the alutaceous hue of the
related species.

56. P. conchifer, Schw. Whitish. Pileus coriaceous, very thin,
concentrically sulcate, glabrous. c(^ninionly reniform or flabelliform

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 109

and substipitate. Pores medium, thin, acute, angulate, dentate, but
scarcely lacerate.

In woods on sticks and fallen branches ; common. A very
singular species, and varying remarkably in form and size. It be-
gins as a small cup, like a Peziza, furnished with a short, thick stipe,
white without, and brown-zonate within; out of the edge of this cup,
a very thin reniform or flabelliform pileus is developed, the cup ap-
pearing to be consumed in its growth ; the pileus is commonly
white or alutaceous, but sometimes the brown-zonate interior of the
cup seems to be distributed in fragments over the surface. The
pileus is rather small, not often exceeding an inch, sometimes
lobed, extremely thin, and marked with faint concentric furrows.

57. P. bifofinis, Fr. Whitish or alutaceous. Pileus coriaceous,
flexible, tough, subzonate, with innate radiating fibers ; the context
fibrillose, concolorous. Pores very large, simple, compound, or con-
fluent, round, elongated and flexuous ; the dissepiments dentate,
then lacerate; the hymenium finally resolved wholly into teeth.

In woods on old logs; common. Pileus in its perfect form 2 — 3
inches wide and projecting i ^ — 2 inches, often imbricated and
laterally confluent. It is often found with the pilei much effused,
and more or less deformed, forming a thick, irregular mass with
large and much lacerated pores. In the Tresh, well-developed pileus,
the alternate paler zones are quite conspicuous. The pores are
large and irregular from the first, and the dissepiments are dentate.
The older plants might be taken for an Irpex.

VIII. CoKiACEi. Pileus coriaceous, villous, banded with con-
centric zones commonly differently colored.

58. P. hirsiitus, VVulf. Pileus corky-coriaceous, convexo-plane,
hirsute with rigid hairs, uniform in color, but zonate with concentric
furrows, whitish. Pores round, obtuse, whitish or brownish.

On wood of all sorts; very common. Pileus 2]/^ — 3^ inches
in breadth, reniform, often imbricate, marked with conspicuous fur-
rows and villous bands of the same color, the margin sometimes
darker. Pores entire, with thick dissepiments, commonly brownish,
but sometimes whitish.

59. P. velutinus, Fr. Pileus corky-coriaceous, plane on both
sides, soft-velvety, slightly zonate, white, at length yellowish ; the
margin extenuate, acute. Pores round, minute, thin, white.

110 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

In woods on old trunks and branches; not common. Pileus i — 2
inches in breadth, with a few delicate, pale, yellowish or brownish
zones on its surface, and a fine short pubescence, rendering it soft-
velvety to the touch. The younger plants are moist and somewhat
spongy, but become hardened and corky. The pores become angu-
lar in drying, and the thin dissepiments are sometimes lacerate ;
they also assume a sordid or yellowish hue.

60. P. zonatus, Fr. Pileus corky-coriaceous, convex, tubcrculose
and gibbous behind, subzonate, villous, opaque; the margin whitish.
Pores minute, round or angulate, obtuse, whitish.

On trunks and branches of sugar maple ; rare. Pileus i i^ — 2^^
inches in breadth, cinereous, gray or ochraceous, villous, tubercu-
lose at the base. It is thicker than the following species and lacks
its shining zones ; it more nearly resembles the forms of P. liirsiitus
with white pores.

61. P. versicolor, Linn. Pileus coriaceous, thin, rigid, appla-
nate, depressed behind, even, velvety, shining, variegated with
zones of different colors. Pores minute, round, acute and lacerate,
white, afterward becoming pallid or yellowish.

On trunks of all kinds; one of the most common Polypori. Caes-
pitose, and densely imbricated, exhibiting a remarkable play of
colors from gray or ochraceous to red, blue and various shades of
brown. It is readily distinguished by its coriaceous rigid substance
and by its shining zones of many colors.

62. P. pergaincnus, Fr. Pileus coriaceous, thin, rigid, appla-
nate, contracted at the base, tomentose, subzonate, virgate with
innate radiating fibers. Pores at first small, irregular, dentate,
purplish ; soon lacerate into plates and bundles of teeth, and chang-
ing in color to pale or yellowish brown.

In woods on trunks of all kinds; very common. Pileus varying
greatly in shape and size, sometimes effuse, reflexed and dimidiate,
but when well developed, more or less attenuate at the base, and
obovate, reniform and flabellate ; the margin thin and inflexed ; the
color whitish or subocliraceous. " Immensa^ confusionis mater," like
the related P. ahictinus, Dick. "Non exstat vero facilius distincta
species, si viodo scniel vegehun rite 'obscrvavcris nee in speciminibus
exoletis et siccis species distinctas quadras." P. laceratns. Berk.,
and P. f/oiigatus, Berk., are among its numerous synonyms.

[to be continued.]

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From the Juurnnl of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, October, 1885.

s:ii^t-n^

THE MYCO LOGIC FLORA OF THE MIAMI VALLEY,

OHIO.

en By a. p. Morgan.

^ ^- {Continued from Vol. VIII, p. no.]

an o

1^ o^ Genus II. Polyporus, Fr. (Continued).

L ^

i^^ V. RESUPINATI.

Pileus none, the fungus tlierefore aljsolutcly resupinalc ; tlic pDrcs
placed immediately upon the wood or the mycelium, seldom with an in-
terposed subiculum.

Tlie Mycologic Flora of Miami Valley, Ohio. 169

A. Pores colored.
a. brmvn or blackish.

63. P. SPissus, Fr. Widely effused, perennial, \ery hard, immersed,
cinereous-brown ; the margin very narrow, infiexed. Pores minute, ang-
ular, obtuse, entire.

In woods on the underside of hard trunks and branches, such as
Hickory; common. Of a hard woody texture and sometimes effused to
an extent of many feet ; in specimens more than a year old, the annual
strata are very distinct. The pores are brown within but the mouths are
cinereous; they measure .16 mm. in average diameter.

64. P. OHi.iQUUS, Pers. Widely aml)ient, annual, hard, very thick,
uneven, pallid then brown and bhu kish ; commonly encircled with an
erect crested border. Pores long, oblicjue, minute, obtuse, angular.

On dead standing trunks of Ironwood (Ostrya); not ccjuimon. Of a
woody texture, very thick and uneven, and in its perfecdon of the elegant
chocolate-brown color that Mr. Berkeley speaks of in the Cuban Fungi,
The growth does not decorticate the Ostrya but the long obliiiue pores
penetrate to the wood and seem to involve the bark in their substance.
The pores ait first are lined with a minute whitish down which gives the
pale color to the surface ; their average diameter, including the dissepi-
ments, is .18 mm., Ijut tlu- latter are very thick.

65. P. N'KiKK, licrk. ICffused, liard, rather thick, even, black;
the border slightly raised, jjubescent, dark brown. I'ores minute, round,
thin, umber within, the mouth very minutely black-tomentose.

On rotten trunks; rare, l^longalcd and altogether resu])inate e\ce]:»t
at the very edge, where it is slightly raised, dark brown and pubescent;
the substance where it is not (|uite obsolete, dark brown. Insidi' of the
tubes dark brown but the h\-neniuni jet black.

66. I'. uNiTiis, Pers. Effused, even, firm, dry, Ijright brown ; the
Ijordrr thin, depressed, concolorous. T*ores very small, thin, angular,
acute, une(|ual.

In wo(k1s on old branches; rare. The whole fungus composed of a
thin stratum of |)ores closely adnate to the wood and of a uniform clear
])rown color throughout. The pores themselves are larger than in the
preceding species but the dissepiments are \er\ thin so that the average
diameter is about the same, . i 7 mm.

/'. frrntij^iiioiis or ciiiiiamon.

67. P. 1 i.KKLGi.No.sus, Sclirad. Effu.sed, tiiic k, firm, uneven,

170 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

tawny, when mature brownish-ferruginous, with a sterile border. Pores
medium, very long, subrotund and lacerate, cinnamon.

In woods on trunks and branches ; common. The younger speci-
mens are tawny and the older brownish ; it is distinguished by its unequal
thickness and consequent interrupted and uneven surface. The pores are
commonly oblique and very long, measuring .21-24 ii^ii- in diameter.

6%. P. CONTIGUUS, Pers. Effused, thick, firm, glabrous, submar-
ginate, cinnamon when young; the margin villous from the first. Pores
rather large, equal, obtuse, entire.

A resupinate form growing commonly on the underside of dead and
dry stems of Papaw,(Asimina), is rather doubtfully referred to this species;
the same is found on the barkof Ailanthus. The pores are large .38 mm.
in diameter, angular, with thin dentate dissepiments.

c. red or purplish.

69. P. PURPUREUS, Fr. Widely and irregularly effused; mycelium
mucedinous, flocculose, white, creeping through the surface of the rotten
wood. Pores short, minute, unequal, scattered interruptedly or conglom-
erate, purple-lilac.

On bark and wood of Sugar Maple; rare. Thin and delicate, occur-
ring in straggling patches, with groups of purple pores on the white myce-
lium. Some of the preserved specimens have bleached out white. It is
P. li/acinus, Schw.

70. P. ATTENUATUS, Pcck. Effuscd, thin, even, coriaceous, seced-
ing, pinkish-ochre ; the border pubescent, whitish. Pores minute, subro-
tund, thin, acute.

In woods on old trunks; not rare. Effused sometimes for many
inches. The minute pores are spread evenly over the very thin whitish
subiculum, which is separable from the matrix. The pores might, perhaps,
be called subangular as well as subrotund; they measure about .14 mm. in
diameter. This is a very beautiful species ; it may be P. viiidiis. Berk.

71. P. RUFUS, Schrad. Effused, coriaceous, thin, adnate, even,
glabrous, determinate, dark red. Pores minute, thin, acute.

On old prostrate trunks; common. Specimens which agree with it
quite well in color are doubtfully referred to this species; they appear
rather humid, and the substance consequently rather fleshy to come under
the designation coriaceous ; the pores too, when fresh, are obtuse, though
they may be called thin when dry. P. hcematodes, Rostk. is said to be the
same thing.

The My cologic Flora of Miami Valley, Ohio. 171

d. ydhncis/i .

72. P. viTEi.UNUS, Schw. Widely effused, loosely adnate, thick,
uneven, soft and fleshv. \itcllinc, with a byssine margin. Pores very
large, elevated, iinc<iiiai, thin, angular.

On \erv rotten \vot)d. A soft and fleshy fungus of unequal thickness
and large unc(|ual pores. The (olor is \ery elegant and persists e\en in
drying: the egg-yellow pervades the whole mass. The long pores vary
from round to angular and even sinuous. Strings of yellow mycelium
penetrate the rotten wood beneath.

73. P. XANTnoi.oMA, Schw. Widely effused, closely adnate, even,
smooth, dr\ : the border rather l)road, velvety, yellowish. Pores minute,
unequal, subrotund, obtuse, i)ale yellowish.

Common in woods. Effused often to the extent of many inches or
even several feet on the underside of sticks or smaller branches lying-
somewhat u]) from the ground and keeping it dry. The border is some-
times "elegantly luteous" and therefore of a deeper yellow than the ])ores
but this is not always the case. The pores at first are pale, maturing into
a rich cream-color; they are mosdy roundish but vary to oblong and sub-
sinuous; the dissepiments are thick and obtuse; they average .16 mm, in
diameter.

74. !'. iioMi'.vciNus, Vr. Kffused, silky-membranaceous, loosely
adherent, sordid yellowish, with a cobwebby-velvety border. Pores
ample, angulate.

On an old rotten log of Sugar Maple; rare. A very distinct and
singular species. It first a])])ears as subrotund byssine spots, soon forming
in the center a |)orose hymenium, these then become confluent into a soft
rather thick membrane. The pores originate as little jiits sunk in llie
mycehum out of which the\' are w hojh' develoi)e(l, bt'ing at first subrotund,
then growing liniier llie\ bi-iome angular and sometimes fiexuous. The
dried siJccimens have taken on a brownish hue and the dissepiments are
very thin, dentate and lacerate. J\ siihiiitlosiis, Peck, seems not uuk h
different fioui the primordial state of this s|)ecies.

f. (iiicreoiis.

75. P. ciNKKKirs. Schw. Widel) effiised. adnate, firm; the border
narrow, thin white fimbriate. Pores small, unequal, subrotund, obtuse,
cinereous.

In woods on the lower side of old logs; connnon. The whole of a
uulforu) ashen hue except the minute whitish fringe of llu' border. The

172 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

growing specimens are somewhat moist, but they shrink Uttle in drying
and become quite firm. The pores measure about .20 mm. in diameter.
It is an elegant species.

B. Pores white.

f. /iii/iiiit\ round, obtuse.

76. P. viTREUS, Pers. Effused, subundulate, indeterminate, whitish,
suljhyaHne : the mycelium a tough, separable, subcoriaceous membrane.
Pores minute, round, long, obtuse, entire.

Upon rotten prostrate trunks of Beech ; rare. A very remarkable
species, which has given rise to other genera; Poria litrea, Pers.; the
sterile leathery mycelium without any pores, Xylostroma caiididiim, Pers.
The stratum of long pores is soft as if fleshy ; it is often interrupted or the
pores collected in nodules. The Xylostroma is usually found between the
bark and the wood.

77. P.'oBDUCENS, Pers. Effused, incrusting, innate, firm, white,
formed wholly of the pores. Pores minute, crowded, equal, distinctly
stratified, the older strata pale alutaceous.

On the underside of old trunks ; common. The first year it consists
of a tliin white separable stratum of crowded pores, which, however, in
drying takes on the pale alutaceous color of the succeeding years. It is
rather humid when young and differs decidedly from F. 7<t/igaris, which is
always dry and inseparable.

78. P. VULGARIS, Fr. Widely effused, thin, dry, closely adnate,.
even, white ; the border soon glabrous. Pores firm, crowded, small,
lound, nearly equal.

On wood of all sorts; common. Consisting of a thin dry stratum of
minute pores, sometimes on hard dry wood. The variety flai'i/s, Fr., is
not uncommon and the 7c>/ii/(' and yellow sometimes occur in the same
specimen ; this is probably P. pitkhellits, Schw. The pores are roundish
with rather thick dissepiments; they measure about .t6 mm. in diameter.

g. small, angular, acute.

79. P. MUCiDUs, Pers. Effused, rather thick, somewhat immersed,
soft, white, becoming pallid; the border indeterminate, byssine. Pores
medium, unequal, lacerate, received in a crustaceous mycelium.

Upon old rotten wood; rare. At first soft and somewhat fleshy.
Pores becoming thin, angulate and torn, measuring about .20 mm. in
diameter. _ ,

80. p. MOLLUSBWS-, Fr. Effused, thin, soft, white; the I)<)rder

The Mjjcologic Flora of Miami l^tlleij, OJiio. 173

byssine, fibrillose-radiating. Pores in tlie center or collected here and
there, small, thin, round, uneciual, lacerate, l)ect)niing pallid.

Upon rotten wood, leaves, etc. 'J'hinner and much more delicate
than the preceding; to be distinguished hy its pores scattered in |)atches
upon a byssine mycelium with a librillose border.

8i, P. viRiDANS, B, & Pr. Effused, crustaceous-adnate, thin, at
first white, afterward, when dry, pale green; the margin pulvcrulent-
tomentose. Pores minute, angular, the dissepiments thin.

In woods on the lower side of old trunks; rare. 'Vh'\s is n very beau-
tiful species. It is at first and when growing all white, Inil in (lr\ ing the
pores take on a ])ale green lint, leaving, however, a ])ure white sterile
border, elegantly puberulent and fimbriate. It is at first a little humid
and seems to be furnished with a subcoriaceous subiculum, which is
closely adnate to the wood. The thin dissepiments of the pores are in no
wise toothed or torn. The pores measure about ,i8 mm. in diameter.

82. P. GoRDONiENSis, B. & Br. Effused, membranaceaus, very
thin, separable, ])ersistently white; the margin shortly fimbriate. Pores
minute, unequal, angulate; the dissepiments very thin, fimbriate-denate.

In woods on old trunks of Elm ; rare. At first apparently somewhat
fleshy, when dry, becoming extremely thin and delicate. The dried s])ec-
imens scarcely show the elegantly fringed teeth of the pores. It was first
lound in Oreat Britain on I'^ir : it is recorded in the New York Reports by
Prof, Chas. H. Peck.

//. /'J^X^, avgiihir, imcqiial.

83. P. VAi'ORARius, Pers. Effused, innate; the mj'celium creep-
ing in the wood, flocco.se, white. Pores large, angulate, white, becoming
pallid, crowded together into a contiguous, firm,' persistent stratum.

On bark and wood of all kinds; conunon. This is an exlremel)
variable species in its appearance. The pores at first are angular and
ai)out .32 mm. in diameter; their di.ssepiments soon break and the pores
become comjionnd and labyrinthiform. In a very ()l)li(|ue position it, at
first sight, apjjears a Hydnum, but the teeth are terete and a < lose inspec-
tion shows they are ])ores split on one side. There is no border, but a
thin white mycelium creeps close in the surface of the wood and bark.
The white color soon becomes stained and rusty. /', papyraccits, Schw.,
growing on dead grapevines, is said not to be different.

84. P. TKNUis, Schw. Long and longitudinally effused, forming a
thin subseparabie white-palish efpiable membrane, the margin somewhat
sterile and whitish. Pores (juite large, suljflexuous, shallow, pallid.

" On a dead stick." This is given on the faith of Berkeley, in Lea's

174 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

catalogue; I have never met with anything I could so refer. The original
habitat, given by Schweinitz, is on the fibrous inner bark of Chestnut.

85. P. canDidissimus, Schw. Effused; the mycelium, a very thin,
bombycine, but separable membrane. Pores very large, at length oblique,
and with the membrane pure white.

In woods on the bark of an old Hickory log, effused for many feet.
At first, when fresh and growing, quite soft and fleshy ; the pores very
large and angular, at first shallow, lengthen and become oblique. The
pores present an uneven surface, or are grouped in patches upon the firm
membrane. It resembles most P. moHuscus, but the pores are very much
larger. The pure white color is very marked.

•/. superficial., distant., punctifortn.

86. P. coRTicoLA, Fr. Very broadly effused, equable, firm, white
or palish ; the mycelium interwoven into a naked subcoriaceous stratum.
Pores naked, superficial, commonly obsolete, punctiform.

Upon barks. On account of their habit altogether similar, there are
embraced under this name many different forms. Perhaps all are only
degenerations of other species ; the substerile pores differ greatly in the
degree of their evolution.

GENUS II.=- MYRIADOPORUS, Peck.

Hymenium cellular, porous. Pores of the surface shallow, open .
the others imbedded in the hymenium, variously directed, short, closed,
inseparable from each other, and from the hymenophor*;-

The pores do not, as in Polyporus, form vertical parallel tubes, but
rather cells or short tubes variously directed, so that a vertical section of
the hymenium, as well as a horizontal one, is porous. Fries mentions
such a structure in the Elenchus I, 123 ; he describes it well, as follows:
'•In hoc contextus t|tus cellidosus, incompletes poros format, eo.sque in-
cludit, unde totus fungus e.xtus intusque vesiculosus ! "

I. M. ADUSTUS, Peck. Resupinate, effused, thick, subcoriaceous,
uneven ; the subiculum thin, floccose, whitish. Hymenium thick, gray,
ish black externally, varying to whitish internally, substratose; pores or
cells minute, roundish, unequal.

In woods on the underside of an old trunk. Effused to the extent
of several inches, about 2 mm. in thickness, the hymenium occupying
much the larger part of the thickness. The genus is founded upon this
species and Polyporus induratus, Peck, 31st Report, p. 37, so that at pres-
ent there are but two described species.

J

YORK

. ■. r-, I,- pj

THE MYCOLOGIC FLORA OF THE MIAMI VALLEY.

By a. p. Morgan.

[Poi.vroRKi, — Concluded.]

Genus in. TR AMETES,.Fr.

Pores .subrotund, obtuse, entire, often uneciual in dejjth, sunk
into the substance of the pileus; the trama, Iience, contiguous and
similar with the substance of the pileus.

Fungi lignatile.

a. Pons small or minute.

*

1. T. SCUTELLA.TA, Schw. Pilcus corky, dimidiate and sub-
ungulate, or more commonly suborbicular, and attached by the
apex, white then brown and blackish, Hymenium concave, white-
pulverulent, with a somewhat elevated sterile margin : pores long,
punctiform, with very thick obtuse dissepiments.

On stumps and old dry trunks, the scutellate form especially
on the underside of rails in fences ; common. Scarcely exceeding
an inch in breadth, and usually about half an inch. The dimidiate
pileus becomes rugged and uneven, and changes to brown and
blackish, retaining, however, the white margin ; sometimes con-
centric furrows and folds are found upon it. There are all stages
between the dnnidiate and the scutellate forms. The pores aver-
age about .22 mm in diameter, but the dissepiments, which are
always included in the average, are as broad as the pores. This is
the T. 0/iiens/s, Berk.

2 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

2. T. KiGiDA, B.aiid Mont. Pileus corky, undulate, by far
tlie greater part resupinate ; the margin short, acute, subzonate,
lawny-brown. Pores medium, round, ciiual, obtuse, wliitish.

In woods, on the lower side of old trunks; not uncommon.
Often all resupinate and effused for a foot or more, the narrow
margin seldom projecting half an inch. The ])ores are long, round
and very regular, measuring^ about .33 mm. It is an elegant
species.

3. T. SKRiAMs, Fr. Pileus ^tuppeo-corky, effuso-reflexed,
seriately elongated, narrow, confluent, rugose and sei-obiculate,
with appressed hairs, brownish-yellow, the margin white. Pores
obtuse, minute, unequal, white.

On the underside of an old trunk ; no douljt rare. Mostly
resupinate, and confluent to the extent of a foot or more, the mar-
gin reflexed scarcely half an inch. Perennial, and the first year
all white, but these older specimens are cinereous and brownish.
Readily distinguished from T. rigida by its minute, unequal pores.
My specimens are two years old.

b. Pores large, unequal.

4. T. .sEPiuM, Berk. Pileus coriaceous, normally sublriquet-
rous and porrect behind, finely tomentose, pale wood-color, with
darker zones. Pores very large, subilcxuous, ])allid : tlie dissepi-
ments rather thin, but entire.

On trunks and branches in woods, but more especially on the
dry rails and boards in fences. Pileus about half an inch in width,
but often effuso-reflexed, and laterally conlluent to the extent of
several inches, also sometimes wholly resupinate. 'I'he context is
thin and coriaceous. 'I'he largest ])ores at fust are subrolund, with
rather thick dissepiments, but these at length l)ecomc thin and
flexuous; they measure about .7 nnn. in diameter. It is the Vac-
dalea sepiu/n, 15erk. of Idea's Catalogue ; but it may be well to say
that the genus Treiiietes was not at that time established.

5. 'I\ i'.\i.i,ino-KUi.v..\, Berk. Pileus corky-coriaceous, rather
thin, subimbricate, azonate, minutely pubescent, tawny. Pores at
first subrotund, uneciual, obtuse ; at length becoming lacerate and
elongated, the dissepiments often sublamellate

In woods on trunks, especially of Sugar Maple. Pileus 1-2
inches in breadth, and projecting as much as an inch. Often con-
fluent, and much imbricate or effused and resupinate. An elegant
resupinate form, with a thin edge, and a wide, sterile border grows

Ihe Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley. -^ 3

on the bark of the White Ash ; it resembles the following species,
except in color ; it may be the Polyporus cervimis of Persoon. This
may be the same as the Leiizites vialis, Peck, which grows so
abundantly on the Oak railroad ties, but they differ greatly in
color.

6. T. -MOLLIS, Smfdt. Resupinate, determinate, woody-pallid,
at length brownish ; the margin at length revolute ; and the under-
side pubescent, umber. Pores ample, unequal and lacerate.

On the bark of the dead branches of Sugar Maple, in the tops
of fallen trees. Discrete and separable from the matrix, although
.wholly resupinate, but the margin free all around and often involute
and clothed on the under side with spongy down. Pores very
large .42 mm, subrotund and elongated, flexuous. From an inch or
two in length or breadth, elongated to several inches or even a
foot. A very elegant species. My specimens are gray becoming
brownish, umber on the underside; they answer »vell to the desf:rip-
tion oi P. cervinus in Berkley's Outlines.

Genus IV. IX^iDALEA, Pers.

Pores firm, when fully grown sinuous and labyrinthi form : in
other respects wholly like Trametes.

a. Piletis corky.

I. D. AMBIGUA, Berk. White. Pileus corky, horizontal, ex-
planate, reniform, subsessile, azonate, finely pubescent, becoming
glabrous. Pores from round to linear and labyrinthiform,'the dis-
sepiments always obtuse and 'never lamellate.

On old trunks of Sugar Maple ; common. It begins its growth
in Spring as round white nodules ; specimens gathered in Summer
are often thick and convex or gibbous; it finishes its growth along
in Autumn, when it has become flattened out, depressed above and
with a thin margin. I have indeed, however, specimens two years
old in which the growth of the first year is wholly inclosed by that
of the second year. There is sometimes a distinct round stipe as
much as half an inch in length and oblique to the pileus, but more
commonly the pileus is sessile by a somewhat circular base. When
fresh and growing it is of a rich cream color, with a soft velvety
feeling and a pleasant fragrance ; the color of the mature specimens
is well described by Berkeley as ^(frt'//^r)'///i', whitewashed; while older-
weathered specimens become wood colored and brownish. The
surface is usually quite smooth and even, not at all zonate, but

4 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

sometimes there are one or two concentric furrows toward the mar-
gin ; [ have specmiens that are tuberculose and otliers that are very
rugged and uneven. It varies greatly too in size ; I have perfect
specimens from one to seven inches in diameter, though it is com-
monly 3-5 inches in width.

I have diagnosed the species as appears to me the typical form
in this region, retaining Mr. Berkeley's name as exceedingly appro-
])riate I consider Trametes lactea. Berk, and of course 7'. incana,
Berk, to be the same thing with the pores all subrotund. Fries
evidently had a Trametoid form when he changed the name to
Trametes ambigiia. (Nov. Symb. p. 96.) 1 \.\\\^\^ \\\?i\. D. glaberrivia,
B. & C. and Lenzites glaberriina, B. & C. are not specifically diflerent;
and so far as description goes Trametes elegans, Fr. and T centra/is,
Fr. must be very closely related species. I have no doubt that
when this elegant fungus is well known it will be found to have
appeared under many different names.

2. 1). AURKA, l''r. Golden-yellow. Pileus corky-coriaceous,
gibbous, velvety, subzonate, uniform in color; tlie substance yel-
low. Hymeniuni from porose, narrowly sinuate and labyrinthi-
form, yellow.

Upon trunks of oak; rare. Pileus triquetraus, about 2 inches
in breadth, the margin tumid. It is said to vary considerably in
its color and in the hairiness of the surface.

3. 1). coNFRAGOSA, Bolt. Pileus corky, a little conve.x, subzo-
nate, uniform in color, reddish-brown, wood-color within, rurcs
from subrotund and flexuous to narrowly lal)yrinthiform and
lacerate, cinereous- pruinose then reddish-brown.

On the dead branches of standing trees of Craticgus to/iie/itosa,
rarely on other wood. 'I'his is another protean fungus which ap-
jjears under many different names. See Peck, 30th Report p. 7 1 ,
'I'he form commonly met with here is the Lenzites Cratcegi, Berk,
of Lea's Catalogue. It grows attached by the apex to the under-
side of the i>ranches with tiie orbicular hymenium downward;
occasionally I find it dimidiate on the trunk. Tlie jjileus varies
from i)^ to 3 inches in diameter; it is brown zonate and concen-
trically furrowed and often radiatcly rugulose or sulcate. The
])ores at first are essentially trametoid; they become oblong and
flexuous at maturity, and lenzitoid only in old and weathered
specimens. The form, Trametes rubescens^ A. & S., with linear
straight [)ores is rarely met witli on branches in wet woods.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley. 5

B. Pileiis coriaceous.

4. D. UNicoLOR, Bull. Pileus coriaceous, villose-strigose, cin-
ereous, with zones of the same color. Pores labyrinthiform, flexu-
ous, intricate, acute, at length lacerate-dentate.

In woods on trunks ot' all sorts; common. Pileus 2-3 inches
in breadth and projecting an inch or more, usually more or less
connate and imbricate; older specimens become gray and yellow-
ish with more marked zones and concentric furrows and ridges
The pores are whitish-cinereous or sometimes brownish; they are
soon broken up into irregular plates and teeth. I occasionally
meet with specimens extensively effused and nearly resupinate.

Genus V. FAVOLUS, Fr.

Hymenium reticulate cellulose or alveolate. Alveoli radiating,
formed of densely anastomosing lamellae ; elongated. .Spores
white. Fungi epixylous.

I. F. Canadensis, Klotsch. Pileus fleshy-tough, thin,
reniform, fibrillose-scaly and tawny, becoming pale and glab-
rous. Stipe eccentric or lateral, very short or obsolete. Alveoli
angular, elongated, whitish; the dissepiments becoming thin, rigid
and dentate. Spores oblong, .012x007 '^'^'^■

In woods on fallen branches, especially of Hickory , common.
Pileus \-2y2, inches in breadth, sessile or with a very short stipe.
Specimens with an- eccentric stipe resemble Polyporus lentus. Berk.,
but the pores are much larger than those of this species. This is
undoubtedly the Folyporus Boiicheanus, 'Kl. of Lea's Catalogue,
as is confirmed in the Notices of Berkeley under No. 44; but Fries,
in the Novae Symbolae, seems to indicate that these American
forms are not his species, and certainly the description in the Epi-
crisis does not apply to our plant. Specimens from New England
gathered by me are glabrous, or scantily fibrillose, and may be the
P. Ahitaceus, B. and Mont. ; they are, no doubt, what is meant
by Polyporus Boucheanus.^ xa^r pepo/ii/ius, B. and C, in the Notices
of N. A. Fungi, under No. 44. The original description of
Klotsch was based upon a single specimen in the herbarium of
Hooker, and it applies remarkably well to our plants, except that
the pileus is sometimes lobed as in P\ Aluiaceiis, B. and Mont.

Genus VI. MERULIUS, Haller.
Hymenophore formed out of a mucedinous interwoven mycel-
ium, covered by a soft-waxy contiguous hymenium ; the surface of

6 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

the latter reticulate with obtuse folds, incompletely porous, at
length gyrose and obsoletely dentate. l''ungi epixylous.

a. Pileiis sessile, dimidiate.

1. M. RUBEM.us, Peck. Pilei sessile, confluent and iiuliri-
cated, repand, thin, convex, somewhat tenacious, subtomentose,
glabrate, red becoming pale. Hymenium. whitish or reddish ; the
folds much branched," porose-anastomosing. Spores white, ellip-
tic, .004-005 mm. long.

In woods on old trunks and branches; not uncommon. Pileus
1--3 inches in breadth, or confluently several inches. This is a
very beautiful species, never resupinate or effuso-reflexed as the
following ones, but always sessile and more or less confluent and
imbricated; the color varies from flesh-color to deep red, fading
out with age ; the hymenium is commonly an elegant cream-color,
but sometimes it is ])ure wliiie, and occasionally it is tinged with
red. This is most likely the M. incaniatiis, Schw., of Lea's Cata-
logue, but specimens compared with those of this species in
Schweinitz's herbarium were declared to be different ; furthermore,
in the N. A. Fungi, Schweinitz insists that his species is incorrectly
referred to Merulius, and is a Cantharellus.

I). Pileus cffuso-rcficxcd, witJi a dctcnninatc border.

2. "M. TKEMELLosus, Schrad. Resupinate; then free or re-
flexed, fleshy-tremellose, tomentose, white, the margin dentate ra-
diate. I'olds porose, various in form, reddish. S[)ores white, a
little curved, .004-. 005 mm. long.

In woods on old trunks and branches; common. Substance
cartilaginous-gelatinous, the younger fungus all resupinate, orbicu-
lar, pallid, with a radiate and free border ; at length becoming
reflexed sometimes to the extent of an iiuh, and much confluent
and even imbricated; in dryi'ng, the color changes to alutaceous,
and that of the hymenium to brownish.

3. iM. CURIUM, Fr. Resupinate-effused, soft, subpapyraceous ;
the border at length free, reflexed, villous underneath, white. Hy-
menium reticulate porose, flesh-color or pale alutaceous.

In woods on bark of Sugar Maple; rare. My specimens are
an inch or more in breadth and y-^ inches long, w ith a \ery narrow
reflexed border ; at first they were nearly while, but in drying have
taken on a fleshy tint. In the Handbook of IJritish i'ungi, the
spores are said to be vivid orange, oval, .006 mm. hnig.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley. 7

c. Resiipi)iate-effnsed, with a hyssinc border.

4. M. HiMANTioiDES, Fr. Effused, bombycine, very soft,
fibrous-silky underneath ; the border byssine. Folds porose, then
gyrose ; dirty yellowish, then subolivaceous.

On rotten wood of Beech; rare. The whole of a silken text-
ure, loosely adherent and variable in form; the margin loosely
tomentose. The folds at length poriform, crisp, flexuous; the color
gray, violaceous, olivaceous, dirty yellow, etc.

5. M. MOLLUScus, Fr. Effused, thin, soft, membranaceous;
the margin byssine white. Folds porose-gyrose, flesh-color.

On rotten wood of Sugar Maple; rare. Extensively effused
for several feet along the side and underneath a rotten log, form-
ing a soft loosely adhering membrane, the color fleshy or creamy-
white. The dried specimens are orange or brownish and the folds
in some places shrunken into ridges and tubercles.

6. M. PORiNoiDEs, Fr. Crustaceous-adnate, thin; the border
byssine, white. Folds poriform, distant, dirty yellow.

On rotten wood of Oak; rare. Effused to the extent of 2 or
3 inches, crustaceous, thin, persistent; younger specimens are all
villous and white; the pores are round or linear and flexuous.

Genus VII. POROTHELIUM, Fr,

The fungus composed wholly of the interwoven mycelium,
resupinate-expanded and submembranaceous; from which project
papillae at first distinct, soon porose-opened, at length elongated
and tubular.

I. P. FiMiiRiATUM, Pers. Effused, membranaceous, tena-
cious, white; the border with a fringe of terete lacinia:;. Warts of
the pores hemispheric, superficial, at first and on the border dis-
tinct, afterward confluent in the middle.

On the lower side of logs and wood of all sorts; connnon.
A very elegant fungus. Widely effused and membranaceous, with
a white fringed margin. The mass of the pores becomes crowded
and confluent, while only the marginal ones remain distant and
distinct; yet the hymenium never looks like that of a Polyporus.

Genus VIII. SOLENIA, Hoffm.

Receptacle none, tubules membranaceous, subcylindric, dis-
crete and free from each other; the mouth connivent.

I. S. FAscicULATA, Pcrs. Grcgarious, subfasciculate, clava.te-
cylindric, somewhat silky, white.

8 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

On old bark of Beecli; rare. 'I"nl)ules in my specimens 1-2
mm. long, crowded and somewhat fasciculate; in its younger state
granuliform, soon annuliform, at length becoming cylindric and
enlarged u])ward ; externally silky with appressed hairs.

2. S. OCHKACEA, Hoffm. Scattered, clavate-cylindric, tomen •
tose, ochraceous, white within.

On rotten wood of Maple; rare. Tubules less than a mill-
meter in length, about .6 mm. in m\' specimens, and covered with
short rigid hairs ; they do not seem scattered to the naked eye,
but the lens shows that they are not crowded. The species is
closely related to S. anoma/a, Pers. but the tubules of the latter
rest upon a distinct floccose subiculum, while the mycelium of
the former is scarcely apparent.

The Mycologic Flota of the Miami Valley, 0. "j ^ jY

_ '"•/ —

THE MYCOLOGIC FLORA OF THE MIAMI VALLEY,

OHIO.

By A. P. Morgan,

(Read by Title, March i, 1887.) ^^^^^'^S

Continued-iifom Vol. IX., p. 8. .BWYORK

BOTANICAL.
Class I. — Hymenomycetes. rARDEN.

Order III.— Hydnei.

Hymenium inferior or amphigenous, effigurate from the first
and definitely but variously protuberant into aculei, teeth, tuber-
cles, crests and papillae.

By tar the greater part of the species are resupinate-effused.

TABLE OF GENERA OF HYDNEI.

A. Hymenium acvleate or dentate.

1. Hydnum. Aculei subulate, discrete at the base.

2. Irpex. Teeth acute, joined together at the base.
B. Hymenium tuberciilate, ivrinJded, etc.

3. Radulum. Hymenium of rude, deformed, obtuse tuber-
.cles.

4. Phlebia. Hymenium in crowded folds and wrinkles.

5. Grandinia. Hymenium granulose, the granules globose
or hemispheric.

6. Odontia. Hymenium of warts penicillate multifid at
the apex.

7. Kneiffia. Hymenium strigose-exasperate with rigid

Genus I. — Hydnum, Linn.
Hymenium inferior, aculeate; aculei subulate, discrete at the
bas

* Pileus stipitate.
I. Mesopus. Stipe central.

a. Pileus fleshy, 1-3.
3 b. Pileus coriaceous, 4

II Pleuropus. Stipe lateral, 5.
111. Mekism.a. Much branched, 6-8.

3

8 Cinciyinati Society of Natural Histoiy.

*-■= Stipe 7i.>aiiting.

IV. Apus. Pileus sessile.

c. Pileus fleshy, 9-11.

d. Pileus coriaceous, 12-14.

V. Resupinati. Pileus none.

e. Subiculum thick, fleshy, 15.

f. Subiculum waxy, 16, 17.

g. Subiculum membranaceous, 18-24.
h. Subiculum crustaceous, 25-30.

1. Mksopus. Pileus entire, simple, the stipe central.

All the species are terrestrial and grow chiefly in pine woods ;
this will account for their scarcity in the Miami Valley which is
notable for the absence of evergreen woods.

a. Pileus fleshy.

T. H. INFUNDIBULUM, Sow. Pileus fleshy-fibrous, tough, in-
fundibuliform, unequal, even, brown. Stipe unequal, pallid, with
a tapering base. Aculei decurrent, white, then bay.

In woods, rare. Pileus 4-6 inches in diameter, the stipe 2-3
inches in length and an inch thick.

2. H. REPANDUM, Linn. Pileus fleshy, fragile, more or less
repand, nearly glabrous, pallid. Stipe deformed, pallid. Aculei
unequal, concolorous.

In rich woods, common. Pileus 3-5 inches broad, stipe 3-4
inches long The pileus is sometimes floccose-pruinose ; the color
varies from whitish to yellowish or a fleshy tinge, but it is un-
changeable.

8. II. iiiiFKACTL'M, Berk. Pileus fleshy-tough, thick, glab-
rous, alutaceous. Stipe obese, alutaceous. Aculei equal, pale
alutaceous.

In dry woods, rare. Pileus about 3 inches broad, the stii)e 2
inches in height. The pileus and sti])e are of a tough, fleshy sub-
stances, and at length becomes much cracked and split. A re-
markably rigid species when dry.

I). Pileus coriaceous.

4. H. /(.)NAruM, Batsch. Ferruginous. Pileus t-quaily cori-
aceous, ihin, expanded, more or less infundibuliform, zonate, be-
coi^ing glabrous, radiate-rugose ; the margin ])aler ami sterile un-
derneath. Stipe slender, nearly eciiial, floccose, with a tuberous
base. Aculei slender, pale, then ferruginous.

The Mycologic Flora of I he Miami Valley, 0. 9

In oak woods, rare. Pileus 1-2 inches broad, the stipe less
tlian an inch in length.

II. Pleuropus. Pileus more or less dimidiate, the stipe lat-
eral.

5. H. ADUSTUM, Schw. Pileus variable in shape from orbic-
ular and entire to dimidiate and reniform, coriaceous-tough,
whitish or pale yellowish. Stipe ascending, unequal, subcentral
or lateral. Aculei at first pallid or yellowish, then changing to
brown or blackish.

In woods on fallen sticks and branches, not rare. Pileus 2-3
inches broad, the stipe an inch or less in length. The pileus in
very thin, velvety or nearly smooth, more or less zonate, sometimes
brownzonate. The stipes are sometimes concresent, with separate
or more or less united lobed and overlapping pilei.

III. Merisma. Very much branched or tuberculiform and
immarginate.

6. H. CORALLOIDES, Scop. Very much branched, pure white;
finally changing to yellowish and the whole plant expanding into
attenuate intricate branches. Aculei unilateral, subulate, entire.

In woods on old trunks, common. A very showy plant>
sometimes a foot or more in extent, when fully developed consist-
ing ot numerous intricate branches with the spines pendent from
the lower sides. It is said to be edible.

7. H. ERiNACEUS, Bull. Fleshy, elastic-tough, pendulous,
tuberculose, immarginate, white, changing to yellowish, fibrillose,
lacerate above. Aculei very long, straight, equal, pendulous.

In woods on old trunks, not rare. Of a rounded form 4-8
inches in diameter, sometimes with the rudiment of a lateral stipe ;
appearing solid but when broken open it is found to be a mass of
interlacing branches. The spines are remarkably long, from 1-2
inches or more.

8. H. STRATOSUM, Berk. Pilei resupinate, with a narrow
lobed border, consisting of repeatedly branched rigid brown pro-
cesses, which are clothed above with gray or ferruginous tow-like
fibers. Aculei rather long, rigid, sharply acuminate, brown vary-
ing to cinereous, at length stratose.

On a dead trunk (^Lea). Pilei sjireading for 3 or 4 inches over
the matrix. "This is one of the most remarkable species with which
I am acquainted." "I do not know any other species with which
it can be compared." {Berkeley va. Lea's Catalogue.) This appear

J O Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

to he a rather doubtful production ; there is no record of its ever
having been found again, and Mr. Berkeley does not enumerate it
in the Notices of N. A. Fungi. 1 have never met with anything
that would answer to it in any way.

IV. Apus. Pileus sessile, dimidiate, marginate, of'ten effuso-
reflexed.

c. Pileus fleshy.

9. H. ciRRHATUM, Pers. Pileus fleshy, expanded, pallid,
cirrhate-fibrillose above with scattered decumbent abortive aculei ;
the margin fmibriate, incurved. Aculei very long, a little tough,
equal.

In woods on old trunks, rare. Simple or imbricated, the single
jnlei somewhat reniform and 1-2 inches in breadth ; the spines
half an inch or more in length. It varies in color, being white,
yellowish and rufescent.

10. H. pui.cHERRiMUM, B. and C. Pileus fleshy fibrous, alu-
taceous, hirsute; the margin thin, entire, incurved. Aculei short,
crowded, efpial.

In woods on old trunks, common. Imbricated and laterally
confluent, the single pilei 2-4 inches in breadth and projecting 2-3
inches. The color varies from white through alutaceous to yellow-
ish ; the texture is fibrous with a fibrous-hirsute surface; sometimes
there is a faint zonate arrangement of the fibers of the surface.
The spines scarcely exceed a (piarter of an inch in length ; they
take on a rufescent hue in drying

11. H. .SF.PTKNTRIONALE, Fr. Fleshy-fibrous, tough, pallid.
Pilei innumL-rable, plane, scalariform, connate beliiiul into a thick
solid body, the margin straight, entire. Aculei crowded, slender,
equal.

In woods on standing trunks, rare. The masses of pilei ar-
ranged one above another and fused together behind are sometimes
a yard or more in extent; the single pilei are 2-6 inches in breadth
and project 3 inches or more, the spines are about half an inch in
length. This magnificent Hydnum "the largest of the genus,"
grows even more luxuriantly with us than in Sweden.

d. Pileus eoriaceous.

12. II. (.I.AHRF.SCF.NS, B. and Rav. Pilei effusoreflexed, cori-
aceous, thin, velvety then glabrate, concentrically sulcate, brown-
ish; the margin even. Aculei crowded, long, slender, rufous.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, 0. i i

In woods on trunks and branches, common. Pilei imbricated
a.id confluent sometimes to the extent of several inches, the single
pilei 1-3 inches in width and projecting an inch or more. The
color is a pale or dark brown, drying to brownish alutaceous ;
when fresh it has a pleasant fragrance. The spines are longer
than the thickness of the pileus and yet scarcely reach an eighth of
an inch, they are somewhat compressed and are nearly obsolete
around the margin.

13. H. FLABELLiFORME, Berk. Pilei sessile, spathulate flabilli-
form, laterally confluent, coriaceous, tawny, hirsute, concentrically
sulcate. Aculei crowded, very long, ochraceous flesh-color.

In woods on trunks and branches, common. The pilei are
attaclied by a narrow base or sometimes substipitate, not effuso-
reflexed as in the preceding and the following species ; they are
often laterally confluent above and separate at the base, an inch or
thereabouts in length, concentrically sulcate or subzonate and
longitudinally crisped and wrinkled. The spines are twice as long
as the thickness of the pileus.

14 H. ocHRACEUs, Pers. Pilei effuso-reflexed, coriaceous,
thin, zonate, ochraceous. Aculei very small, ochraceous flesh-
color.

In woods on fallen sticks and branches, common. Usually
largely resupinate with a long and narrow reflexed margin not half
an inch in width; often it occurs wliolly resupinate, it then has a
narrow, pale, thick tomentose border.

V. Resupinati. Pileus none. Fungi absolutely resupinate,
the aculei straight or oblique according to the situation.

€. Subkulutn thick, fleshy.
15. H. CASEARiUM^^^^org. >» Subiculum fleshy-cheesy, thick,
extensivly effused, white. Aculei waxy, crowded very long, sub
ulate, tereie, whitish then pale alutaceous.

On the lower side of an old hickory trunk. Effused for sev-
eral feet, the subiculum nearly half an inch in thickness, contract-
ing in drying and becoming hard and rimose. The aculei are 2-4
lines long, oblique, more or less fused together below.

/. Subiculum wcuxy or subgelatinous.
16 H. XANTHUM, B. and C. Subiculum effused, at first white
and tomentose, then waxy. Aculei distant, compressed, some-
times divided, lemon-yellow.

-^. ^^

f

1 2 Cincinnati Society of ISlatnral Hisloiy.

On hard wood in damp places. Effused for an inch or two.
The aculei are often cleft, the tips when fully developed are white
and tomentose

17. H. ri)UM, Fr. Subiculum effused, thin, somewhat gela-
tinous, agglutinate, glabrous, flesh-color then watery-yellowish.
.•\culei close, unequal, forked and fimbriate, concolorous.

On rotten wood of Elm. Very extensively effused sometimes for
many feet. The aculei very unequal and more or less fused together
and the waxy, uneven subiculum remind one of Radulum. Different
patches of flesh-color and yellowish are usually to be seen at the
same time in the same specimen. The dried specimens take on a
brownish hue.

^. Subiculum byssinc or membranaceous.

18. H. Ohiense, Berk. Subiculum effused, membranaceous,
separable, j)ale yellow. Aculei somewhat fasciculate, long, very
acute, of a watery pale brown.

On rotten trunks and branches. Effused for several irches,
membranaceous and partially separable from the matrix. The acu-
lei are 1-2 lines long and very slender at the apex.

19. H. BVssiNUM, Schw. Su1)iculum byssine, very thin, pulveru-
lent, somewhat evanescent, ochraceous then bay; the border fibril-
lose. Aculei long, distant, subflexuous, very acute, concolorous.

On rotten wood. It is not circumscribed by a regular border,
but fibrils radiate irregularly from the edge of the subiculum. The
aculei from a thick base elongate to a very sharp point.

20. H. ALiJOViRiDE, Morg.^ Subiculum membranaceous fibril-
lose, creeping extensively, white. Aculei crowded, very long, sub-
ulate, terete, entire, olivaceous.

On the underside of old logs. The white filmy subic ulum
runs over the wood and bark and over the leaves and sticks be-
neath; here and there are olive colored cushions of si)ines an inch
or more in extent, leaving large white naked spaces. The aculei
are 2-3 lines long and taper gradually to a fine point; they are
darker after drying.

21. H. 1'. THVOHHii.UM, P>. ;ind C. Subiculum effused, byssoid,
very thin, farinaceous. Aculei compressed, ochraceous, denticu-
late or divided at the apex.

On dead wood. Effused in small patches. The teeth are
rather crowded on the thin subiculum ; on the surface of them are
minute granules.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valhy, 0. t}

22. H. ISCHNODES, Berk. Subicuhinimembranaceous-fibrillosc,
creeping extensively, white. Aculei scattered, distant, subulate,
slender, becoming darker.

On wood and bark of Juglans. The subiculum is composed
of a thin membrane of interwoven threads with thicker branched
fibrils beneath. The aculei occur in patches with abundant naked
space ; in places there are only the thick fibers creeping over the
matrix. Ttiis is an elegant resupinate species, its color all white
when fresh.

23. H, FALi.AX, Fr. Subiculum irregularly effused, thin, villose-
furfuraceous, white. Aculei close, deformed, incised, yellowish
or whitish.

On the underside of old Oak logs. Irregularly effused even
for several feet, mostly white but yellowish here and there in spots
and patches. The aculei are short minute and quite irregular.

24. H. MUCIDUM, Fr. Subiculum very broad, membrana-
ceous, soft, separable, white, the margin and unders'de villous.
Aculei close, long, acicular, slender, flaccid, equal, concolorous.

Upon very rotton wood. The subiculum, a long and wide
membrane, soft and tonientose beneath, and sometimes yellowish.
The aculei are 2 4 lines or more in length, terete and tapering to a
fine point.

h. Sulnc Ilium cnistaceous or farinaceous.

25. H. FUSco-ATRUi\t, Fr. Subiculum crustaceous, thin,
at first glaucous, flocculose, pruinose ; afterward glabrous, ferru-
ginous, fuscous. Aculei short, conic-subulate, acute, cervine, then
blackish.

On rotten wood of Beech. In its younger state, somewhat
orbicular .^-i inch broad, the margin often byssine ; afterward be-
coming confluent and broadly effused. Aculei rather short and
not much crowded.

26. H. ALUTACEUM, Fr. Subiculum longitudinally effused,
crustose, adnate, glabrous, pale ochraceous, the border naked.
Aculei minute, close, equal, acute.

On bark and wood of Beech and Maple. Effused for several
inches, and separate from but closely adn ite to the matrix. The
aculei are very minute and close, and grow out to the very edge of
the subiculum.

27. H. NVSS/E, B. and C Subiculum effused, copiously pul-
verulent, alutaceous, Aculei long, crowded, subulate, acute, often

pencilled at the tip, concolorous.

14 Cinciiinati Society of Natural History.

On wood and l)ark. Effused for several inches with scarcely
any border. The aculei are pubescent, with some long hairs at the
apex.

28. H. FAKIK.ACEUM Pers. Subiculum effused, indeterminate,
mealy-crustaceous, white ; the border more or less flocculose,
Aculei slender, rather distant, very acute, entire, concolorous.

On old Beech bark. Effused for an inch or more. The subicu-
lum is a very thin, white, mealy stratum, closely adnate to the
matrix. The aculei are minute, sharj) pointed and not crowded.

29. H. NUDUM, B. and C. Subiculum innate or nearly ob-
solete, farinaceous, pale ochraceoiis. Aculei minute, short, dis-
tant, subulate, concolorous.

Oil wood and the inner bark of Sugar Maple. The subiculum
is nearly the color of the wood, and the aculei in some places seem
to be growing on the wood; but .here is usually a tinge of color to
indicate tlie presence of the subiculum, though the fibers of the
wood may be quite distinct.

30. H. suBTii.ii, Fr. Subiculum very tender, innate in spots,
glabrous, watery, whitish. Aculei distant, acute or incised, con-
colorous.

On bark and wood. Sul)ic:ulum indeterminate, evanescent,
whitish, somewhat hyaline. Aculei very short, miiiute, fcdling
awa\ to the touch.

(lenus 1 1. - I ki'i:\, Fr.
Mvmeniuni inferior, dentate; the teeth seriately or reticulately
arranged, and i:onnected together at the base by folds, which are
lamellate or porose. l-'ungi lignatile.

1. Ai'trs. Pilcus sessile or effuso-renexed, marginate.

I. I. c KASsUh, B. and ('. I'ilei thick, corky, white, finely
pubescent, effu so- re flexed behind, and laterally concrescent. Teeth
lamcllately arranged, compressed, iine(|iial in length, concolorous.

In woods upon trunks, not rare. I have seen it growing on a
standing trunk in an elongated mass of imbricated pilei several feet
in extent, after the manner of Ifydmiiii st/>tti/trii'ii(i/i'. The single
pilei are i^ to 2^ inches in width, and project an inch or two. The
lamellate arrangement of the teetli is very plain, those ne.xt the
margin are short, broad and flat, tliose fiirther behind are very long
and narrow, a half inch or more in length. This is one of the
most elegant species of this genus.

7W Mycologic Flom of the Miauii Valley, 0. 15

2. I. LACTEUS, Fr. Pileus effuso-reflexed, coiaiceous, \ilIous,
concentricaliy sulcate, white, teeth < lose, seriately arranged, acute,
more or less incised, white.

On trunks of Oak, rare. Pileus, nearly an inch in width and
projecting about half an inch, but the pilei are usually more or less
confluent. The teeth are short, denticulate, and often with a con-
centric rather than a lamellate arrangement.

3. I. TULiPiFER^, Schw. Pileus very extensively effused,
shortly reflexed, villous, azonate, while. Teeth porose, connected
at the base, irregular, denticulate and incised, white.

On trunks and branchesiof Liriodendron, Hickory, etc , very
common. By far the greater part resupinate, with a long and
narrow reflexed margin, often on both edges. It remains a long
tmie porose, the dentate dissepiments finally lengthen inio
flat irregular teeth. It was first described by Fries as a Polyporus,
and this is what it should have been allowed to remain.

II. Resupinati. Pileus none ; wholly resupinate.

4. I. FUSCESCENS, Schw. Coriaceous membranaceous, olivace
ous then cervine, at first orbicular, then confluent and extensively
effused, with a narrow fimbriate border. Teeth irregular, unequal,
compressed, setulose, cervine.

On dry Oak branches; very common. Effused along the under
side of a branch sometimes for several feet. The hymenium is
si-nuose-plicate, the folds broken into very unequal and irregular
teeth, varying from narrow and pointed to broad, flat, and even
sinuous; it is invested with minute brownish bristles; these are the
"ascisprominulis fuscis", of Schweinitz's description ; they are of the
same nature as those which occur in some species of Stereum
(Hymenochsete). Old weathered specimens became cinnamon or
brownish, and these are said to be /. einnamof neons, Fr.

5. I. LABTicoLOR. B. and C. Memljranaceous, separable,
widely effused, the border byssine, white. Teeth compressed,
dentate and lacerate at the apex, seriately arranged, reddish o( lira
ceous.

On dry Elm branches, rare. Effused for several inches on the
under side, and more or less separable, with a white subiculum and
a white byssine margin. The teeth are thin, flat, and coriac eous,
and it seems to me best recognized as an Irpex. It is //vJ/ni/n
iodic olor, B. and C.

6. I. OBJ.iguus, Schrad. Effused, crustose, adnate, white,

1 6 Cincinnati Society of Natural Hislory,

becoming [)allid ; the border byssine. Teetli arising from a porous
l>ase, compressed, unequal, incised, oblique.

Upon the liark of various trees, rare. Subiculum thin, closely
adnate, at first porose, but the dissepiments then deiitatej at length
the teeth become altogether Hydnoid.

(ienus III. — Radulim, Fr.'
Hymenium ampliigenous, tuberculose : tul)ercles rude, de-
formed, commonly elongated, obtuse, waxy, discrete, with no reg-
ular arrangement.

1. R PAi.r.iDUM, B. and C. At lirst orbicular, then confluent
and effused, with a narrow reflexed tomentose margin, pallid.
Tubercles terete, short, de:formed, scattered or sometimes collected
in lines or groups.

On the smooth bark of branches of Oak, Hickory ,etc. 'rheupi)er
reflexed margin is usually very narrow but sometin^esit ])rojects as
much as a quarter of an inch; on the lower side there is commonly
a fimbriate border, through sometimes it is reflexed also.

2. R. ORBICULARK, Fr. /// aiituinii, orbicular, confluent,
white then yellowish, the border byssine; tubercles elongated,
nearly terete, scattered or fasciculate. /// spring,, waxy, glab-
rous flesh color : tubercles softer and shorter as if worn off.

On dead trunks and bran( hes of Carpinus. Effused, often
for several feet, in a thick waxy stratum, presenting various inqua!-
ities of surface in the shape of warts, granules, tubercles, etc. It
is scarcely typical on this matrix, biu then Fries says of this species
tliat of all resujjinate fungi it is the most variable in form,

3. R. \ioi.\KK, Pers. Widely effused, crustaceous, glabrous,
pale wood color, becoming a little yelU^wish. Tubercles deformed,
short, conic, glabrous, scattered or confluent in groups.

On old trunks of Elm, Hickory, etc. Effused for .several feet
in a thi( k waxy stratum, which, when dry is hard and crustaceous,
ihc color is alutaceous or pale ochraceous.

Oenus IV.^ — Pui.KBiA, Fr.

Hymenium inferior or an)i)higenous, soft, waxy, glabrous,
contiguous, from the first raised into wi inkles and crests, the
wrinkles crowded, interrujjted, persistent, the edge entire.

I. 1'. I'liKAPA, Peck. Pilei < oriaceous, effusoreflexed, zon-
ate, subtomentose, purplish Iirown. n\nienium brownish, stained
with red or orange, the folds crowded and radiating.

TJie Mycologic Floi a of the Miami Valley, O. '7

On a hard, dry Ash log. Pilei more or less imbricated, and
laterally confluent, projecting half an inch in my specimens, the
folds frequently interrupted behind, and appearing like coarse
papillae, when dry suffused with a dull tawny bloom.

2. P. MERisMOiDEs, Fr. Effused, flesh-colored, then livid,
villous and white on the under side, the border orange, strigose.
Wrinkles simple, straight, crowded.

On stumps and trunks commonly incrusting mosses, but also
investing the rough bark, common. In incrusting the mosses out-
growths proceed from the surface as well as the margin. Effused
in patches sometimes several inches in extent.

3. P. RADiATA, Fr. Subrotund, equal, glabrous on both
sides, fleshy-red, the border radiate-dentate. Folds straight, seri-
ately radiating.

On smooth bark and wood; common. Though originating in
circular patches with thie wrinkles radiating from the center, these
patches soon become confluent often to the extent of a foot or more.
This species is thinner than the preceding, is lighter colored, and
is not villous next to the matrix. F. cinnabarina, Schw. does not
appear to differ otherwise than in the color.

Genus V. — Grandinia, Fr.

Hymenium amphigenous, contiguous, waxy, [)apilIose-warty
or rather granulose. Granules globose or hemispheric, entire, ob-
tuse, close, regular, glabrous, persistent.

I. G. MuciDA, Fr. Waxy-mucid, effused, subinnate, reddish-
yellow; the border determinate, somewhat radiating. Hymenium
contiguous; granules close, rather large, unequal, liemisjjheric,
soft.

On wood and bark of Beech, l^^lni, etc.; not rare. In an early
stage subrotund, but soon widely confluent.

Genus VI. — Odoxiia, Fr.

Hymenium composed of intervvcjven fibers, whicli coalesce into
l)apillose or aculeate warts, cristate-mukifid or penicillate at the
apex

I. O. FiMRRiATA, Pers. Effuscd, membranaceous, seceding,
]:)allid, traversed by root-like fibers; the border fibrillose-fimbriate.
Warts minute, in the form of granules, multified at the the apex,
rufescent.

1 8 Cincinnati Society of Natiiial History.

On the underside of old trunks and branches lying on the
ground ; common. Effused for several inches or a foot or more.
This is an elegant resupinate fungus. The thick root-like fibers
run beneath and supjjort the thin membrane, sometimes they run
out free over the matrix. The "incarnate-rufous" color of the
original description answers best to my specnnens.

2. O. HVDNOiDEA, Schw. Widely effused, thick, fibrillose,
subpulverulent, at length, hard as if corky, tawny-rufous. Warts
aculeate, connate, fimbriate-fibrillose at the apex, concolorous.

On very rotten wood. Effused for several feet over the crum-
bling matrix. The substance at first is brittle and pulverulent but
becomes quite hard and corky wlien dry ; it has the "brick color"
within and upon the matrix as observed in O. latcritia, B. and C.
The hymenium appears as if composed of hydnoid teeth I'used to-
gether nearly to the apex often in groups ; it becomes a little darker
than the substance in drying.

Genus VII. — Knkiffi.-x, Fr.

Hymenium amphigenous, contiguous, united but incomplete,
similar, strigose-exasperate with rigid setae which are scattered or
fasciculate.

I. K. cAXDiDissiMA, B. and C. Regularly effused, aggluti-
nate, thin, white, the border similar. Hymenium becoming covered
with numerous granules which are apiculate with rigid setce.

On the underside of twigs and branches; rare. At first form-
ing a thin pure white stratum, looking like a Corticium, at length
thickening and sprinkled with numerous granules. Occasionally
it acquires a slight ochraceous tinge.

/

''M

1 88 s Cincinnati Society of Natural Hi story .

From the Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, January, i8S8.

THE MYCOLOGIC KI.ORA OF THE MIAMI VALLEY,

OHIO.

Bv A. P. M()R(;an.
(Read I )eceniI)tT 6th. 1887.)

Continiifcl from X'ol. X., j). 18.

Class I. — Hymcnoniv< etes.

Order IV. — I lidrpliorei.

Hymeniiim inferior or amphigenous, toriaceous or waxv. even,
rarely costate or ])a])illose Sjjoropliores 4-spored. rarel\- i-spored.

rAL.LE OF (JENERA OF i'H ELLI'HOREI.
A. Groiiiing on the \:^roitiid and mostly stipitatc.

1. CKA'rKKKM.us. Pileus entire, stipitaie, tleshv or sub-
membranaceous.

2. ThelkphoR/\. Pileus coriaceous, stipitate or sessile.

3. L.\cHNOci..Anir.\i. Pileus repeatedly bianched. the
branches filiform.

B. Sessile or rcsupinate on trunks and brain lies of trees.

4. Strreum. Pileus coriaceous, effuso-reflexed : hyinenium
glabrous.

5. HvMK.voc'H.KTK. Pileus effuso reflext'd or resu[)inate :
hymenium setulose.

6. C'oRTicirM. Wholly rcsupinate : ihc h\incn uin not
setulose.

I C. Minute pezizoid plants, siih sessile.

7. Cvi'UKi.i.A. Sub-menibr.maceous, cup shaped.

Genus I. — ( 'KArKkF.i.ius. ir.
Hymenium waxy-membranaceons, distim 1 but adnate to the
hynienophore, definitely ink-rior. < ontiguous. glabrous, even or
rugose; sjjores white.

Fungi growing on the ground, fleshy or membranaceous, fin--
nished with an entire pileus, stipitaie; allied to the ("antharelli.
a. Tulhrfoni). pervious to the base of Ihe stipe.
I. ( ". I.I I KscK.Ns, Pers. Pileus submemb'anaceous, tubaiform.
soon jiervious, undulate, flocculose, fuscous. Stipe hollow, glab-

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77z^ Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 1 89

rous, yellow Hymenium remotely costate, at first even, then
rugose with interlaced veins.

In woods; rare. Pileus 2-4 inches broad, the stipe about two
inches long The hymenium is yellow, varying to reddish, orange
and bluish-gray. It has a strong spirituous odor.

2. C coRNUcopioiDEs, Linn. Pileus submembranaceous,
tubaeform, pervious, scaly, sooty black. Stipe hollow, glabrous,
black. Hymenium e\en, at length slightly wrinkled, becoming
cinereous.

In woods; not common. Pileus 1-2 inches across, but some-
times reduced to little more than a tube, the whole plant 1-3 inches

in height.

h. hifundihulifonii, the stipe stuffed.

3. C. ( ANTHARKLi us, Schw. Pileus tough-fleshy, subinfundi-
buliform, repand and often lobed, glabrous, vitelline. Stijje
stuffed, glabrous, concolorous. Hymenium even, becoming a little
wrinkled, vitelline or with a darker shade.

In woo'ds; common. Pileus 2-4 inches in breadth, the stipe an'

inch or more in lieight. The j)ileus in the larger specimens is (piite

irregular, with the margin much folded or crisped and lobed. The

color of the plant varies somewhat, being paler or reddish, and

sometimes with a dusky .shade. C. lateritius, Berk, is the same

thing.

Genus II — Thelephora, Ehrh.

Hymenium inferior or amphigenous, contiguous with the

hymenophore and similar to it, even or costate, and without an

intern)ediate stratum. Fungi coriaceous, destitute of a cuticle,

exceedingly varied in shape, terrestrial.

<i. Growing erect., the pileus entire or rainoseparted.

1. T. RADiATA, Holmok. Pileus soft coriaceous, infundibuli-
form, entire, ferruginous ihen brownish, subfasciate ; the disk with
erect scales: the margin radiate-siriate. Stipe central, short.
H}menium striate, somewhat i)ruinose, concolorous.

In wet places in woods; rare. Nearly an inch in height, the
pileus f of an inch in diameter. The pileus has circular bands
or zones upon its surface, and is distinctly radiate-striate with an
entire margin.

2. T. TEPHRoLF.rcA, H. <S: C. Pileus soft-coriaceous, suhiii-
fundibuliform, more or less lobed, rugose, whitish. Stipe ( cntral.
whitish or brownish. Hymenium striate, brownish below. |)ale
above.

190 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

On the ground in woods; rare. About an inch in height, the
pileus half an inch or so across. The pileus is not deeply lobed,
the lobes are variable in width; the hymenium is brownish next
the stipe, fading to whitish toward the margin.

3. T. MULTIPARTITA, Schw. Brownish-cinerous. Pileus sub
coriaceous, subinfundibuliform, man}' times j)arted and divided-
even to the stipe ; the lacinia^ dilated above and more or less in-
cised. Stipe short, glabrous. Hymenium nearly even, glabrous,
brownish, sometimes paler at the margin.

On the ground in woods; not uncommon. About an inch in
height; the thin flat branches dilated above obtuse and multifid,
disposed in funnel-shape and more or less confluent into a multi-
partite pileus ; the hymenium mostly even or sometimes costate-
plicate beneath the laciniae.

4. T. ANTHOCEPHALA, BuU. Subfcrrugindus becoming brown-
ish. Pileus soft-coriaceous, pubescent, parted into laciniiie dilated
and fimbriate above and whitish at the apex, or divided into
irregular ramose erect branches. Stipe equal, villous. Hymenium
even.

On the ground in woods; rare. An inch or more in height;
stipe villous or tomentose, dividing al)ove into several branches,
which again are multifid with white apices.

5. r. PALMAiA, Scop. Brownish-purple, |)ubescent, fetid,
Pileus soft-coriaceous, very much branched ; the branches palmate,
flattened, sub-fastigiate, fimbriate and whitish at the apex. Stipe
short, simple. Hymenium even.

On the ground in woods ; common. 1-2 inches in height, often
divided nearly to the base; the branches numerous, dilated and
cuneiform at the apex. Readily distinguished when fresh and
growing by the very disagreeable odor which it soon gives out after
being gathered. 'I"he spores arc irregular and spiniilose, .008.-010
mm. in diameter.

6. T. PTERULOIDKS, B. & C. (iregarious, bright ochraceous.
Pileus repeatedly branched ; the br.mches smooth, more or less
flattened, acute and i)aler at the apex. Stipes variable in length,
often several crowded together. Hymenium waxy, even.

On the ground in woods; rare. 1-2 inches high ; divided and
sub-divided into many br.mches; these covered liy tlie smooth waxy
hymenium.

7 T. I'li-AMEMosA, B. & C. Caespitose, crowded, pallid.
Pilei divided into numerous smooth filiform branches, somewhat

TJie My CO logic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 191

flattened and fimbriate at the apex. Stipes crowded, short.
Hymenium even.

On the ground in woods; rare. An inch or two in height.
Consisting of several or many stems, closely crowded together, and
arising out of a common mycelium, which immediately divide and
sub-divide into innumerable thread-shaped branches.

8. T. ScHWEiNirzii, Peck. Csespitose, white or pallid. Pilei
soft coriaceous, much branched ; the branches flattened, furrow^ed
and somewhat dilated at the apex. Stipes variable in length, often
connate or fused together into a solid base. Hymenium even, be-
coming darker colored.

On the ground in woods; very common. The pilei sometimes
growing separately an inch or two in height, but usually growing to-
gether in tufts or sometimes fused into large masses 4-6 inches or
more in extent. This is 71 pallida, Schw. N. A. Fungi, No. 619.

b. Pileate, dimidiate, horizontal, sub sessile or ejfiiso-reflexcd.

9. T. ALBiDO-BRUNNEA, Scliw. Spongycorky, widely effused.
Pilei at length narrowly reflexed, becoming sub-stipitate, sub-
tomentose, brown. Hymenium nearly even, white.

Growing about the base of dead shrubs ; not common. Long
and broadly confluent, mostly resupinate ; the distinct pilei rarely
exceeding half an inch in length, irregularly subimbricate,

10. T. MiCHENERi, B. & C. Pilei soft-coriaceous, umber,
spongy-tomentose, convex, often laterally confluent. Hymenium
even, bright ochraceous.

Growing on the ground and upon sticks and stones ; rare.
Consisting of a number of orbicular laterally confluent individuals
an inch or so in length, each attached by a central point or ascend-
ing and incrusting the bases of dead shrubs and more or less effuso-
reflexed. Thinner and more fragile than the preceding species.

11. T. cuTicui.ARis, Berk. Pileus soft-coriaceous, purp-
lish bruwn, sub-tomentose, imbricated and laterally confluent.
Hymenium nearly even, pulverulent.

On the ground attached to wood, twigs, etc.; rare. Pilei f
of an inch long, uneven, rugged, brown inclining to purple, with
a pale margin; surface soft, clothed with matted down, zoncless;
odor strong and unpleasant.

c. Resupinate, usually incrusting other substances, the form therefore

variable.

12. T. CRiSTATA, Pers. Incrusting, rather tough, pallid,
passing into ascending branchlets or lacidise, the apices subulate or

192 Cincinnati Society of Natjiral History.

fimbriate. Hymenium on the even spots and sides of the branches,
papillose.

Growing on mosses, grasses, etc., and running over leaves.
There is no constant form ; it is to be recognized b)- its whitish color
and the awl-shaped or fringed branches and lobes.

13. T. SPicuLOSA, Fr. Effused, byssine then fleshy, incrust-
ing. brownish-purple; the border spiculose-branched ; the apices
penicillate, whitish.

Ascending the stems of herbs, in humid places; rare. Of a
brownish color, effused, throwing out here and there radiating
subulate spicules.

14. T. SEBACEA, Pers. Effused, fleshy-waxy, hardening,
incrusting, tuberculose or stalactitious, whitish, with a similar
border. Hymenium collapsing, n"occulose-pruinosc.

Incrusting various substances; common. Various in form,
white, the border not fringed or penicillate.

Genus III. — Lachnoci.adium, Lev.

Pileus coriaceous, tough, repeatedly branched; the branches
slender or filiform, tomenlose. Hymenium amphigenous.

Fungi slender and much branched, epixylous or terrestrial.

1. L. semivestitum, B. & G. Coriaceous, ])ale or sordid
brown, tomentose. Pileus much branched from a slender siipe of
variable length, expanded at the angles; the branches filiform,
straight, somewhat fasciculate, glabrous at the lips and paler in
color.

On rotten leaves and sticks in the ground; rare. Pileus 1-2]/,
inches in height, more or less flattened or expanded at the points of
branching, the branches straight and slender, pubescent or finely
tomentose, glabrate with age.

2. 1,. M 1(1 1 i:\KK I, 15. (S: C. Coriaceous, ])alc brown, densely
tomentose. Pileus arising from a dense tomentum, repeatedly
irregularly forked and branched ; the branches very slender and
flexiious, with ])aler ti])s.

On old leaves and sticks; connnon. Pileus ^-i inch in length,
the branches very delicate, filiform and flexuous. The tomentum
at the base is sometimes an "orbicular \illous paii h." sometimes
an effused patch of m^-celium of considerable extent, out of which
arise several stems; it is often distributed m p. itches over the stem
and branches even to the extremities. 1 think /,. siibsiiiiih\ Berk.,
can hardly l.e separated from this species.

The Mycologlc Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio, 193

3. L. MERISMATOIDES, Schw. Sabcartilagiiious, pale yellow-
ish, minutely tomentose. Pileu's very much branched from a short
stipe; the branches nimierous, straight, slender, dilated at the
apex and somewhat fimbriate.

On the ground in woods ; rare. Pileus r-2 inches in height,
the stipe branched from near the base ; the branches long, slender,
fastigiate, soon flattened or angular and dilated at the apex. Where
the pale yellowish tomentum disappears it leaves naked the reddish-
brown subcartilaginous substance beneath. This is Schweinitz's
Clavaria merismatoidcs, N. A. Fungi, No. 1044.

Genus IV. — Stereum, Pers.

Hymenium definitely inferior, even, glabrous, separated from
the cuticle of the pileus by an intermediate fibrillose stratum.

Fungi lignatile coriaceous or woody, subperennial, subzonate,
entire and of definite shape.

I. Apus. Pileus sessile, at first resupinate, afterward com-
monly pileate reflexed and adnate behind.
We have but this section.

a. Pileus coriaceous, flexible.
I. S. RUGOSiuscuLUM, B. & C. Soft-coriaceous. Pileus
effuso-reflexed, becoming subreniform with a narrow base, glabrate,
finely wrinkled, brownish; the margin paler and velvety. Hymen-
ium even, dark brown; spores brown, subglobose, echinulate
.010-. 01 2 mm. in diameter.

On old trunks; rare. Pileus 1-2 inches in breadth, projecting
\ of an inch. The dark pileus is soft, smooth and pliant when
■fresh, contracting somewhat and becoming finely wrinkled when
dry; the growing margin is pale and velvety-tomentose ; the to-
mentum disappears on the older portions of the surface. It is
possible this is the No. 638, Thelephara airata, Sw. of Schweinitz's
N. A. Fungi.

2. S. VERSICOLOR, Swartz. Coriaceous membranaceous, thin.
Pileus effuso-reflexed, becoming free, expanded, sessile with a
narrow base, villous-tomentose, with numerous narrow concentric
zones, variously colored; margin acute, entire or variously lobed
and incised. Flymenium glabrous, even, pallid or pale yellowish.
On fallen trunks and branches of every kind of wood; very
common. Pileus usually 2-3 inches in length and breadth, fan-
shaped or somewhat reniform, sabimbricate and often laterally
connate. The colors are gray and ochraceous, varying to ferrugin-

194 Cincinnati Society of Natural History,

ous and brownish. The tomentum sometimes disappears on the
margin and in concentric bands on the surface ; specimens orna-
mented by these concentric brown zones are the var. fasciatum,
Schw. The hymeniuni at times has a fleshy tinge, at others it
acquires a smoky or brownish hue. It is quite Hkely some of the
forms here included may be referred to S. lobatuin, Kunz., and
some perhaps to other species.

3. S. PURPUREUM. Pers. Soft-coriaceous. Pileus effuso-
reflexed, subimbricate, zonate, villous-tomentose, palHd or whitish.
Hymenium naked, even, glabrous, purplish.

On old trunks of black cherry, etc.; not uncommon. Pileus
projecting half an inch or more, usually much effused and densely
imbricated, when dry becoming rigid, pallid or yellowish, with
sometimes a black zone near the margin. Hymenium purple or
lilac, changing to cinereous or sometimes to brownish.

4. S. sPADiCEUiM, Pers. Coriaceous. Pileus effuso-reflexed,
villous, subferruginous; the margin rather obtuse, white. Hymen-
ium even, glabrous, becoming brownish, reddish if rubbed when
fresh and growing.

On old stumps and trunks; common. Pileus nearly an inch
in length and breadth, mostly imbricate and confluent. Tiie
pileus is without distinct zones, the hymenium gradually acquires a
smoky tint. We seem to have nearly the typical plant of this
species.

5. S. iiiKsUTUM, Willd. Coriaceous, rigid. Pileus effused
and reflexed, strigose hirsute, subzonate, becoming jnallid; the
margin rather obtuse, yellow. Hymenium even, glabrous, naked,
yellowish or variously colored.

On trunks and branches; common. Pileus about half an inch
in length and breadth, confluent and subimbricate, but often sessile
and fan shaped with a narrow base; both i)ileus and hymenium are
at first pale yellowish ; the liairy covering of the surface is arranged
in faint ( f)ncolor(nis zones. This is probably 7 Itclcp/iora ramcalis,
Schw., and perhaps also Stercuni niol/c, Lev.

6. S. RADIANS, Fr. Coriaceous, rigid. Pileus effused and
reflexed, radiate-virgate with innate fibres, pallid with bay zones,
glabrate, shining. Hymenium even, glabrous jjallid.

On trunks and branches; common. Pileus half an inch or
more in length and breadth, effused and confluent, but olien sessile
with a narrow base and fan-shaped (jr renifonn. Its peculiar marks
are the innate fibrils radiating from the base and the crowded nar-

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 195

row zones of the surface. Stcreum coniplicatuiii, Fr. Seems to me a
name applied to crisped and folded forms of both this and the pre-
ceding species.

7. S. ocHRACEOFLAVuisr, Schw. Coriaceous-membranaceous,
thin. Pileus effused and reflexed, strigose-hispid, white or pale
yellow. Hymenium even, glabrous, pale yellow.

Attached to the underside of the smaller branches. Pileus re-
flexed scarcely more than \ of an inch, effused and more or less
confluent, scarcely zonate, often attached by the back and hanging
free all around like a litde cup or shield. Remarkable for the long
hairs that invest the pileus. Specimens I have from the East are
white as Schweinitz states, but those I have found in this region are
pale yellow or ochraceous.

8. S. SERicEUM, Schw. Coriaceous-membranaceous, thin.
Pileus effused and reflexed, silky-striate, subzonate, shining, pale
alutaceous. Hymenium even, pallid.

Attached to the lower side of bran chiefs and twigs ; not com-
mon. Pileus nearly half an inch in length and breadth, but com-
monly extensively effused and more or less confluent below or
sometimes attached by a point and free all around. The surface
presents a silky luster with faint zones ; the striate appearance is
caused by innate radiating fibrils. It is very distinct from 6". radiaris.
It is Thelephora striata, Fr. of the Elenchus, but \xq\. Stereuni striatum,
Fr. of the Hym. Eur.

9. S. BicoLOR, Pers. Submembranaceous, soft. Pileus
conchate-reflexed, azonate, villous becoming glabrous, dark brown.
Hymenium thin, glabrous, white.

On old stumps and trunks ; not rare. Pileus 1-2 inches in
length and breadth, subimbricale, confluent at the base. Readily
distinguished by the brown upper surface and the white
hymenium.

10. S. ALBOBADiUM, Schw. At first rcsupiuate, bright brown
with a wliite border; soon confluent and effused with a narrow sub-
membranaceous margin; the margin undulate or subpileate, thin,
subzonate, brown. Hymenium bay brown, somewhat velvety.

On the lower side of branches; very common. It begins its
growth with a number of orbicular brown spots having a white
border, these enlarge and become confluent forming one resupinale
specimen effused for several inches; then occasionally a narrow
subpileate margin is turned back on one or both sides, this margin
is very narrow scarcely ever reaching \ of an inch in breadth. The

196 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

young growing hynienium is velvety with a minute jnibescence,
but it is not setulose ; it becomes smoother and paler with age. It
is Thelephora albomarginaia. Berk, of Lea's Catalogue.

11. S. DisciFORME, 1) C. Siibcoriaceous, white. Pileus
resupinate, determinate, discifor.n ; the border thin, free, naked,
marginate. Hymenium uneven, velvety.

On elm branches ; rare. Forming round irregular white
disks scarcely half an inch in diameter, with the margin free and
raised up all around. The hymenium at first has a soft fine
pubescence.

b. Pileus corky or woody, rigid.

12. S. FRUSTULOSUM, Pcrs. Woody, resupinate, tubcrculose,
crowded and as if confluent, then appearing broken into small
pieces; the border absolutely marginate; around the edge and
underneath dark brown or blackish. Hymenium convex, cin-
namon becoming pallid, pruinose.

On very hard oak wood ; common and abundant. The per-
fect hymenium facing the earth, at first pruinose, then ]nilverulent
with the cinnamon spores ; the part turned toward the light is
sterile, pale and smooth. The apparent frustules are irregular in
shape and of all sizes from half an inch in extent to minute frag-
ments. They spead over the cut surfaces and sawed ends ot the
hardest and driest White Oak logs.

13. S. suBPiLEATUM, B. & C. Corky, rigid. Pileus effuso-
reflexed, zonate with concentric furrows, tay/ny changing to brown,
tomentose ; the margin undulate, obtuse. Hymenium even, jjallid
or whitish.

On old trunks of oak ; common. Pileus 1-3 inches in breadth
and projecting half an inch or more, but often effused and confluent
to the extent of several feet. The large effused specimens are at-
tached to the substratum by rough knobs and j^rojecting points on
ihe underside. This is a larger and finer species every way than
.S' rugosum, Pers , to which it was first referred.

14. S. CANDiDUM, Schw. Resupinate, rigid, thick, irregular
in outline, submarginate ; the margin and underside brownish.
Hymenium uneven, subpulverulenl, white.

On [the bark of living trees, in winter; common. Half an
inch more or less in breadth. It forms small irregular white
patches upon the outer surface of the bark. There is scarcely any
margin. It is Thelephora candidissitna, Schw. N. A. Fungi, No.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 1 97

663. We have retained the name given in the Elenchus of Fries
I., p. 189, which we suppose to be the original one in Syn. Car.,
No. 1061.

Genus V. — Hymenoch.ete, Lev.

Coriaceous, dry. Hymenium even, beset with minute rigid
setae.

The hymenium with a common lens is velvety or pubescent,
but with a moderate magnifying power of the compound microscope,
the minute usually colored bristles are brought out distinctly to
view.

I. Apus. Pileus effuso-reflexed.

1. H. RUBIGINOSA, Schrad. Coriaceous-rigid. Pileus effuso-
reflexed, subfasciate, velvety, reddish; afterward bt coming glab-
rous and brown ; the intermediate stratum tawny-ferruginous,
Hymenium ferruginous, velvety with minute bristles.

On hard wood of oak, beech, etc.; common. Pileus 1-2
inches in breadth and projecting ^ to f of an inch. The single pilei
are often shell-form but frequently many are confluent and im-
bricate. It is thin rigid and brittle.

2. H. ciNERASCENS, Schw. Coriaceous. Pileus effuso-
reflexed, strigose-hirsute, subzonate, whitish or cinereous. Hy-
menium cinereous, sometimes with a smoky or purj^lish tinge, be-
coming pallid or whitish, velvety with minule pellucid bristles.

On trunks of Mulberrv and Ehn ; not uncommon. Often oc-
curring as small resupinate patches with a narrow reflexed margin,
but sometimes extensively effused for several feet with pilei re-
reflexed half an incn or more. It is sometimes found wiih pale
yellowish zones. The delicate ])ellucid bristles appear to be true
setae and not metuloids of Dr. Cooke's genus Peniophora.

3. H. cuRTisii, Berk. Coriaceous, thin. Pileus effused
and narrowly reflexed, pallid, glabrate; the margin ferruginous.
Hymenium papillate, rugose, becoming rimose, ferruginous, the
minute bristles few and scattered.

On branches and twigs of Oak ; common. Appearing first
as small orbicular peltate patches with a paler subbyssoid margin,
these then become confluent and effused sometimes for several feel
in length, with a very narrow reflexed margin on either edge. The
growing specimens are a bright ferruginous, becoming dull with
age.

198 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

II. Resupinati. Wholly rcsupinate.

4. H. UMRRiNA, B. &. C. Coriaceous, rcsupinate, adnate ;
the margin free and flexiious, but scarcely reflexed. Hymenium
dark umber wiih a paler border, thickly beset with minute bristles.

On rotten wood and bark; rare. Effused irregularly for an
inch or so, of a s])ongy texture, and somewhat separable from the
substratum.

5. H. ixsuLARis, Berk. Coriaceous, resupinate, closely
adnate, with a narrow white byssine border. Hymenium reddish-
brown, thickly clothed with minute bristles.

On branches of sugar maple ; common. At first in small
circular patches with an elegant wliite-fringed margin; these at
length become confluent and effused for several inches. A very
different thing from Sterciun albohadium which though velvety
exhibits no setulai.

C. H. PURPUREA, Cooke and Morgan. Coriaceous-spongy,
resupinate, closely adnate, with a byssine border. Hymenium
purple, fading to pale brownish, velvety with minute bristles.

On bark of hickory ; not rare. Irregularly effused for several
inches, of a spongy texture, bright purple with a paler margin; the
bright color soon fades to a pale or dull br.ownish or alutaceous.

7. H. coRRUGATA, Fr. Subeffused, closely tidnate, soon
grumous, pale cinnamon. Hymenium covered with ferruginous
bristles, when dry very much cracked.

On branches of sugar maple, beech, etc.; common. Effused
for many inches or even for several feet, forming a very thin closely
adnata jjcjIc brown stratum.

8. II. spRKi'A, Peck. Effused, thick, adnate, ferruginous.
Hymenium somewhat uneven, beset with rather long slender setre,
at length cracking into frustulatc areola;.

On old wood ; rare. EfAised for several inches and much
resembling the preceding species, but of a brighter color, thicker
substance and with more delicate setae.

Genus VI. — Cortuium, Fr.

Hymenium amphigcnous, even or tub(.rc:ulose, arising im-
mediately out of the mycelium and without an intermediate
stratum.

In the typical species the hymenium is fertile and swelling
when wet, soft-fleshy, contracted by dryness and thence commonly

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 199

rimose-parted or if entire soluble. Fungi resupinate, lignatile, of-
ten sterile.

I. LoMATiA. Resupinate, but the border free, determinate,
marginate, commonly from cupular expanded.

1. C. AMORPHUM, Pers. Waxy-pliant, subcoriaceous, cup-
shaped then explanate, confluent, marginate, externally whiteT
tomentose. Hymenium even, contiguous, becoming pallid ; spores
obliquely elliptic, apiculate, .025 x .017 mm.

On the bark of living trees of Ostrya Virginica; common. At
first looking like a small Peziza from an eighth to a quarter of an
inch in diameter, but at length irregularly confluent, sometimes to
the extent of an inch or two, always preserving however the free
border which is rolled inward when dry. It is C. Oakesii, B. & C.

11. HiMANTiA. Resupinate, effused, immarginate; the border
and underside byssine-fibrillose or strigose-hairy.

Often sterile, then fibrillose ; in its perfect state, the hymenium
soft-waxy.

2. C. LACTEUM, Fr. Effused, membranaceous, milk-white;
the border and underside loosely fibrillose. Hymenium waxy,
of a deeper color, by dryness rimose-parted.

Upon wood and bark; common. Effused for several inches.
Not often perfect.

3. C. AuBERiANUM,* Mont. Effused, adnate, very thin, sub-
membranaceous, snow-white, the border persistently floccose.
Hymenium becoming pallid, pubescent with mmute brown bristles.

On hickory bark. "Ohio, Lea." Berkeley, in Notices, No. 252.
At first orbicular, the whole floccose-mealy, at length extensively
effused and confluent. This must be a curious thing. I have
never met with it.

4. C. RADiosuM, Fr. Subrotund, membranaceous, adnate,
underneath appressed fibrillose; the border fringed with white
fibrile. Hymenium even, glabrous, alutaceous, contiguous. .^

On rotten wood ; common. Several inches in extent. /

5. C. FiLAMENTOSUM, B. & C. Effused, membranaceous;
border and underside soft-tomentose, fibrillose, pallid. Hymen-
ium pulverulent, ochraceous or somewhat olivaceous.

On old wood and bark of elm. Subiculum consisting of soft
tomentose threads, on which the ochraceous or olivaceous pulveru-
lent hymenium forms a thin stratum.

200 Cincinnati Society of Natural History,

6. C. OLivAjiCENS, B. & C. Effused, membranaceous; the
border and underside white-fibrillose. Hymenium yellow-oliva-
ceous, pulverulent.

On old wood of elm. Subiculum consisting of white threads,
which send out delicate filaments over the wood.

7. C. ALiMDO-CARNEUM, Schw. Effused, somewhat waxy,
adnate; the border and underside byssinc-fibrillose, white. Hy-
menium flesh colored, pruinose, by dryness rimose.

On the smooth bark of branches of hickory. Long, conflu-
ent, but rallier narrow; flesh-color in the center with an elegant
fibrillose border.

8. C. C/ERULEUM, Schrad. Subrotund, then effused, adnate,
at first tonientose, bright blue; the border byssine, blue changing
to whitish. Hymenium soft, waxy, papillose, setulose then glab-
rate.

On branches of beech. Effused for several inches.

HI. T.EiosTROMA. Agglutinate, and without a strigose or
fibrillose border; for the mycelium passes at once into the hymen-
ium which is closely attached to the substratum.

9. C. CALCEUM, Pers. Effused, agglutinate, waxy, very
smooth; white; the border similar. Hymenium even, glabrous,
when dry rimose and rigid.

Upon dry wood. Varying greatly in form; the color also
varies to clay-color and brownish. Tiie hymenium is somewhat
broken up into small pieces.

10. C. PUiiERUM, Fr. Widely effused, waxy, closely adnate,
indeterminate, white or argillaceous. Hymenium even, velvety,
with short bristles, by dryness rimose.

Upon old wood. Very much like the preceding species, but
differing in the velvety-setulose hymeninni.

11. C. OCHRACEUM, Fr. Widely effused, agglutinate, soft-
waxy, glabrate ; the border white, somewhat radiating, soon van-
ishing. Hymenium pallid, then ochraceous, sprinkled with golden-
glittering atoms, at length naked, papillose or tuberculose, col-
lapsed and rimose.

Upon old wood. Effused for several inches.

12. C. SUBGIGANTEUM, Berk. Widely effused, rigid, cream-
colored, brownish toward the margin. Hymenium velvety then
■glabrous.

The My CO logic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 201

On bark of sugar-maple. At first cream-colored, then acquir-
ing a brownish tint epecially toward the margin, velvety in the
younger part, smooth in the older.

/ 13. C. PORTENTOSUM, B. & C. Widely effused, soft, thick,
spongy, whitish-ochre, white within. Hymeniurn tuberculose,
glabrous.

On very decayed wood. Forming a thick mass, spreading
widely; the substance soft, white' and spongy.

14. C. ciNEREUM, Fr. Waxy, becoming rigid, confluent,
agglutinate, lurid; the border similar. Hymenium sprinkled with
a very thin cinerous pruina.

On bark or wood of hickory, beech, etc.; common.

15. C. INCARNATUM, Fr. Waxy, becoming rigid, agglutinate,
indeterminate, the border radiating. Hymenium persistently
bright colored, sprinkled with a very thin flesh colored pruina.

Upon bark and wood; common. The hymenium is bright
red, orange, etc., retaining the color quite persistently.

16. C. CONFLUENS, Fr. Submembranaceous, indetermmate,
agglutinate; the border radiate. Hymenium even, naked, hyaline,
white when dry.

On bark of Acer, Vitis, etc. In small patches and widely
effused ; the border adnate, exceedingly delicate.

17. C. COMEDENS, Nees. Effused, innate, growing beneath
the epidermis and throwing it off; flesh-colored, becoming pallid.
Hymenium even, glabrous, when dry rimose.

On dry branches of Ostrya ; distinguished by its peculiar way
of growing upon the bark beneath the epidermis.

Subgenus. Hvpochnus. Corticia floccose-collapsing or
furnished with a tomentose, subpulverulent hymenium.

18. C. MOLLE, Fr. Subrotund, floccose-fleshy, loosely inter-
woven, soft, glabrous, pallid, reddish-spotted; the underside
villous, the border naked. Papi|ae rather large, unequal.

On rotten wood. Hymenium loosely fibrillose and the surface

not waxy.

Genus VH. — Cyphella, Fr.

Fungi submembranaceous, cup-shaped, adnate behind, com-
monly stipitate-porrect, pendulous. Hymenium definitely inferior,
similar, even or at length slightly wrinkled.

A genus formerly confused with the Pezizas, but different from
them altogether, first in the lack of a heterogeneous disk, secondly
in the absence of asci.

202 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

1. C. GRiSEOPALLiDA, Weiiim. Submembranaceous, globose
then campanulate, sessile, pale gray, externally floccose. Hy-
menium even, glabrous.

On sticks, leaves and dead stems of herbs; not uncommon.
About a line in diameter.

2. C. GALEATA, Schum. Soft-membranaceous, nearly sessile,
obversely cup-shaped, then dimidiate, helmet-shaped, even,
whitish ; the margin entire. Hymenium finally rufescent, slightly
wrinkled.

Upon mosses; not common. Two lines or more in diameter ;
gray when wet, snow-white when dry, finally becoming reddish-
brown.

3. C. PEZizoiDES,' Zopf. Membranaceous, nearly sessile,
globose then cup-shaped, clothed externally with long erect white
hairs. Hymenium even brownish; spores obovate, .012-. 013 mm.
in length.

On old herbaceous stems ; not common. Cupule pezizoid,
scarcely pedicellate, about half a line in diameter. The long hairs
are erect and connivent over the hymenium; they are hyaline and
incrusted with crystals of calcium oxalate.

"*

86 Cincinnati Society of Natural Hisforx.

From the Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, July-October, 1888.

77rs^-^6-

THE MYCOLOGIC FLORA OF THE MIAMI VALLEY,

OHIO.

Bv A. P. Morgan.

(Continued fr< m \'ol. X , p. 202.)

Class I. — Hymenomycetes. (Concluded.)

(Read by Title August 7, 1888.)

Order V. — Clavariei.

Hymenium not discrete from the hymenophore, amphigenous
Fungi somewhat fleshy, vertical, simple or branched; never

coriaceous or incrusting like those Thelephora; wliich are similar

in form.

As other fleshy fungi, very limited in number in this region.

TABLE OF GENERA OF CLAVARIEI.

1. Clavaria. Fungi fleshy, simple or branched.

2. Calocera. Fungi cartilaginous-gelatinous, horny when dry.

3. Typhula. Minute fungi, subclavate, witti a filiform stipe.

Genus I. — Clavaria, Linn.

Fungi fleshy, branched or simple, subterete and without a dis-
tinct stipe. Hymenium contiguous, dry, homogeneous.

'=^ Branched.

A. Spores white.

a. Terrestrial, 1-7.

b. Lignatile, 8, 9.

B. Spores ochraceous.

c. Terrestrial, 10-13.

d. Lignatile, 14, 15.

** Simple.

^ e. Csespitose,- 16-18.

■^ f. Distinct, 19, 20.

'^\ • I. Ramaria. Branched, the branches tapering upward.

^ A. Spores white or pallid.

y a. Growing on the ground.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 87

1. C. FLAVA, Schaeff. Fragile. Trunk thick, fleshy, white,
Very much braiu:hed: the branches terete, even, fastigiate. obtuse,
yellow.

On the ground in woods; rare. Three to 4 inches high, with the
trunk an ini h in thi< kness. Spores pale or with a yellowish tint.

2. C. liOrKvrts. Pers. Fragile. Trunk very thick, unequal,
very much branched; the branches lurgid, unequal, somewhat
wrinkled, the apices red.

In beech woods; rare. Three inches or more in height, the
trunk 1-2 inches in thickness. Color variable white, yellow and
flesh-color.

3. C. MUScoiDES, Linn. A little tough, somewhat delicate,
yellow, two or three times forked: the stipe slender; the branch-
lets crescent-shaped, acute.

In grassy woods; rare. One and one-half to 2 inches in height,
the slender stems scarcely an eighth of an inch in thickness. A
very pretty and delicate species.

4. C. CKi.sTAiA, Pers. Tough, even, stuffed, white, the
branches dilated upward, acutely incised, crested.

In woods growing on the ground among the old leaves; not
uncommon. One to 2 inches in height. This is said to be an
exceedingly variable species ; our plant has the trunk white and
the branches cinereous, but it is plainly this sj^ecies.

5. C. KidOSA, Bull. Tough, simple or sparingly branched,
thi<:kened upward, wrinkled, white; the branches deformed, obtuse.

In damp jjlaces in woods; rare. One to 2 inches in height;
very variable in shape, sometimes simple and clavate, sometimes
divided into 2-4 varif)usly uneiiual branches. C. fuliginea., Pers.
is a sooty variety of this species.

(). (,". KiKNZEi, Im". Somewhat fragile, c;T_'spitose from a slender
bnse, very much branched, pure white ; the branches elongated,
crowded, repeatedly forked, fastigiate, even, equal, com])ressed at
the axils.

On the groun<l in wonds; couinion. One and one half to 2
inches in height. .\ beautiful species, growing in clusters, shining
whue.

7. (.'. stnnii.is, Pers. Scattered, delicate, rather tough, whitish;
the base glabrous, of equal thickness throughout; the branches
few, forked, somewhat f.istigiate.

On the ground in woods; rare. One and o;.e half to 2 inches
in height. Simple or with a few branches

88 ' Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

b. Growing on trunks.

8. C. pvxiDATA, Pers. Pallid then alutaceous and subrufescent.
Trunk slender, glabrous, branched; the branches and branchlets
all cup-shaped at the apex ; the cupules proliferous-radiate at tlie

margin.

On rotten wood; rare. Sometimes in clusters of considerable
e.xtent, 3-5 inches in breadth and height; the branchlets obconic,
even ; the cupules repeatedly verticiilate-proliferous. the terminal
ones dentate.

9. C. CORONATA, Schw. Pale yellow then fawn color, divided
immediately from the base and very much branched; the branches
divergent and compressed or angulate, the final branchlets truncate-
obtuse at tlie apex and there encircled with a crown of minute
processes. See Plate II, Fig. i.

On rotten wood; common. Repeatedly dichotomously or
verticillately branched and forming clusters sometimes several
inches in height and extent. Resembling in form the preceding,
but a distinct species.

B. Spores ochraceous or cinnamon,
c. Growing on the ground.

10. C. AUREA, Schaeff. Trunk thick, elastic, pallid, divided
into stout, straight branches, which are dichotomously very much
branched ; the branchlets terete, obtuse, subdentate, yellow.

On the ground in woods; rare. Three to 4 inches high with
the trunk an inch in thickness. Resembling C. flava but very dis-
tinct from it by reason of the differently colored spores.

11. C FORMOSA, Pers. Trunk thick, elastic, whitish; the
branches very much branched, elongated, orange rose-color; the
branchlets obtuse, yellowish.

On the ground in woods: rare. Three inches or more in height,
the trunk an inch in tyiickness.

12. C. INCURVATA, Morg. n. sp. Fragile. Trunk thick, fleshy,
white; branches ochraceous, dichotomously very much branched;
the branchlets spreading, somewhat flexuous, rugulose, the apices
dentate. See Plate II., Fig. 2.

On the ground in woods; rare. Trunk white, an inch and a
half in height and i inch thick ; branches and branchlets ochra-
ceous, 2-3 inches longer, with an extent of 3 or 4 inches. The
peculiar feature is the spreading branches curving outward and
upward.

The Mycologic Flora of tlw Miami Valley^ Ohio. 89

13. C. ABiETiNA, Pers. Very much branched, ochraceous.
Trunk white-tomentose, rather thick ; branches crowded, when
dry longitudinally wrinkled ; the branchlets straight, acute.

On the ground in woods; not rare. Two to 3 inches in height,
the trunk sliort, less than half an inch in thickness. The branches
are erect and very close together.

d. Glowing on trunks.

14. C. STRiCfA, Pers. Very much branched, pale yellowish,
brownish when rubbed, the trunk rather thick; branches and
branchlets straight, even, crowded and oppressed, acute.

On old trunks; common. Two to 3 inches in height. P'ibrillose-
rooting at the base; the trunk very short; the branches straight,
erect, pressed close together.

15. C. CRisjPULA, Fr. Very much branched, alutaceous then
ochraceous, the trunk slender : branches flexuous, multifid, the
branchlets divaricate.

On old trunks; common. One to 2 inches in iieight. Rooting
at the base by long white fibrils ; the trunk very short ; the branches
repeatedly forked and flexuous, even to the tips.

II. SvNCORVNE. Simple, cnsspitose at the base or fasciculate

16. C. FUSiFORMis, vSuw. C;vspitose-connate, rather firm,
yellow, soon hollow; clubs somewhat fusiform, simple and dentate,
even, tapering to the base.

On the ground in grassy places: rare. Club 1-2 inches long,
1-2 lines thick above and tapering downward to the base. Readily
distinguished by its yellow color, but it finally becomes brownish
at the apex.

17. C. vERMicuLARis, Scop. C;i3spitose, fra.iiile, white: clubs
stuffed, simple, cylindric, subulate.

On the ground in grassy ])laces ; tare. Clubs 1 j/2-3 inches in
height, about a line in thickness, cylindric. Larger than the fol-
lowing species; often flexuous or incurved.

i.S. C. KRAGiLls, Holmsk. I-asciculate, very fragile, white
below, tapering downward; clubs hollow, a little obtuse, variable.

On the ground in woods; rare. Varying much in size and
thickness; sometimes attaining' a height of 3 inches, but usually
shorter, very slender and fragile. Commonly white, but some-
times yellowish, especially at the apex, but always white next the
base.

9° Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

III. HoLOCORYNE. Mostly simple, distinct at the base.

19. C. PiSTiLLARis, Linn. Simple, large, fleshy, stuffed, oho-
vate-clavate, obtuse, yellow, then rufescent.

On the ground in woods ; rare. Very large, solitary or only a
few together ; the club attaining a length of 6 inches or more and
a thickness of about an inch at the summit, the color rather vari-
able growing darker with age.

20. C. MUCiDA, Pers. Gregarious, minute, simple or sparingly
ramose-incised, even, naked, white, becoming yellowish, glabrous,
substipitate.

On old damp logs; very common in all seasons. Usually grow-
ing on a thin greenish stratum, Chlorococcus, very small, scarcely
exceeding half an inch in height.

Genus II. — Calocera, Fr.

Fungi gelatinous-cartilaginous, horny when dry, vertical, sub-
cylindric, simple or branched, viscid, without a distinct stipe.
Hymenium amphigenous, sporophores two-forked ; spores oblong,
curved.

1. C. PALMATA, Schum. Branched, tremellose-lough, orange-
yellow, compressed, dilated upward, divided; the branchlets
subterete, divaricate, obtuse.

On oak wood; rare. About half an inch in height, with a
flattened stem, branched and forked toward the summit.

2. C. CORNEA, Batsch. Caspitose, rootmg, even, viscid, yellow-
orange; clubs short, subulate, connate at the base.

On old wood ; common. About one-quarter of an inch in
height, consisting of many single individuals fused together at the
base; rooting m the cracks of the wood and growing out of them.

3. C. STRiCTA, Fr. Simple, solitary, elongated, blunt at the
base, linear, yellow even when dry.

On old wood : common. One-half to i inch in length ; encircled
at the base by a white delicate tomentum. It differs from the pre-
ceding species in its scattered mode of growth and slender habit :
two or three individuals occasionally spring from the same spot,
but they are never extensively confluent. This is evidently the
same species as Clavaria albipes, Mont., described in the Annates
des- Sciences Naturelles, October, 1842, p. 14. It was collected at
Columbus, Ohio, by Mr. Sullivant and communicated to Montagne
through Dr. Asa Gray. It appears as Calocera albipes in Berkeley'?
Notices N. A. Fungi under No. 303.

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 91

Genus IIT. — Typhula, Pers.

Fungi minute, tender ; stipe filiform, either heterogeneous and
distinct from the hnear club, or springing from a sclerotioid hyber-
naculum. Hymenium waxy, sporophores forked, spicules elon-
gated. Fungi epiphytal.

I. T. MiscicoLA, I'ers. Simple, filiform; the club cylindric.
obtuse, white, tapering into the slender, smooth stipe ; hyber
naculum even, pallid.

Growing on mosses; not uncommon. One-half to i inch in
height. Our plant is smaller than the one described by Fries, but
it is referred to this species by several authorities. It was also
noted by Mr. Lea. Further than this the minute Clavariei appear
to be absent from the Miami Valley.

Order VI. — Tremellinei.

The whole fungus homogeneous, gelatinous, shrinking when
dry, reviving when wet, traversed internally by branched filaments
which terminate at the surface in sporophores ; spores subreniform.

TABLE OF GENERA OF TREMELLINEL
a. Hymeniion over the 7vhole outer surface.

\. Tremella. Gelatinous-distended, tremulous, imniarginate,
not papillate.

2 ExiDiA. Gelatinous-distended, tremulous, submarginate,
papillose.

3. N/iiMATELiA. Convex, immarginate, a firm nucleus covered
by a thick gelatinous stratum.

4. Dacrymyces. Gelatinous, homogeneous, conidia moniliform-
concalenate, spores septate.

b. Hymenium 011 one side only.

5. Hirneola. Cartilaginous-gelatinous, thj hymenium superior.

6. GuEi'iNiA. Cartilaginous-gelatinous, stipitate, the hymenium
iniilateral.

Genus L — Tremella, Dill.

Fungi distended with jelly, tremulous, immnrginate, not papillate;
sporophores globose, becoming four-parted, putting out from each
part an elongated free spicule terminated by a simple spore.

VOL XI.

: 1 3mmd dik^ €ui§'M\ Jfeitua^ 1 1 i) ykxu^

^^ Platen

1. ) Clavaiia coronata, Sclnw^

•92 Cificinnatt Society of Natural History.

I. Mesenteriformes. Cartilaginous-gelatinouf;, foliaceous,
naked.

1. T. FOLiACEA, Pers. Crespitose, even, undulate, cinnamon-
flesh-color, the base plicate.

On old trunks; common. Clusters 1-2 inches in height and
sometimes several inches in extent. The lobes very thin, undulate
and crisp when dry.

2. T. LUTESCENS, Pers. Crespitose, very soft, undulate-gyrose,
yellowish; the lobes entire, naked.

On fallen branches; common. Clusters '2 to i inch in breadth,
whitish, then pale yellowish, very soft and watery, leaving little
residue when dried.

II. Cerebrin.«. Compact, then pulpy, subpruinose with the
spores.

3. T. mesenterica, Retz. Simple, ascending, rather tough,
various in form, plicate-undulate, gyrose, orange color.

On oak branches; not common. Sometimes an inch or more
in extent, but it varies exceedingly in size and shape, so that there
is no constant form; it may easily be distinguished, however, by
the orange color and the surface extremely sulcate-plicate and
gyrose.

4. T. intumescens. Sow. Subceespitose, rounded or conglomer-
ate, soft, brown, becoming black when dry, somewhat twisted and
lobed.

- On dead branches of willow; common. An inch or two in
extent, when fully grown it consists of numerous round, soft,
pulpy lobes. It is black when dry, and resembles Exidia glatidiilosa,
but there are no papillae upon the surface.

5. T. VESiCARiA, Eng. Bot. Erect, firm, gelatinous within,
undulate and gyrose, pallid; spores oblong, curved, .010-012 mm.
long.

On the ground encircling sticks, the bases of herbaceous stems,
etc.; not uncommon. Often in shape of a hollow stem and
branches 2-4 inches in height, becoming hard and horny when
dry. It is Guepinia helvclloidea, Sciiw. N. A. Fungi, No. 1085.

6. T. ALBiDA, Huds. Ascending, tough, expanded, undulate,
subgyrose, pruinose, whitish, becoming brownish when dry; spores
oblong, curved, .008-. 009 x. 005 mm.

On old trunks in summer: common. An inch or two in heiglit
and confluent for several inches. Possibly our white Tremella is
■different from the European species.

The Mycologic Floni of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 93

Genus II. — Exidia, Fr.

Funyi distended with jelly, tremulous, somewhat niarginate,
papillose ; a colored gelatinous stratum inclosing the sporophores,
the spicules of which are erumpent only at the apex.

1. E. TRUNCATA, Fr. Soft, distended with jelly, disk truncate-
plane, glandular, black, shining, at length cavernous, punctate-
scabrous underneath; stipe very short; spores oblong, curved,
.012-.014 mm. in length.

On oak branches; common. .An inch or less in height and
breadth. When dry very thin and intensely black, the glands
seldom apparent.

2. E. GLANDULOSA, lUiU. Effuscd, nearly plane, thick, undulate,
becoming black, spiculose with conic papilUx, the underside ciner-
■eous and somewhat tomentose; spores oblong, curved, .012-.014X
.005 mm.

On old trunks and branches; very common. Extremely vari-
able in form and size; usually rather flattened and effused, some-
times for several inches. Sometimes becoming pallid on the
underside or inside of trunks away from the light. The papillae
can be plainly seen with a common lens. In England it is called
"Witch's Butter."

(ienus III. — N.KMATELIA, Fr.

Fungi consisting of a firm ileshy nucleus, inclosed by a thick
gelatinous stratum, fibrous-tloccosc within, the whole surface
covered by the sporophores.

I. N. NUCi-EA'i'A, Schw. Effused, ])lanc, somewhat gyrose and
undulate, white, then rufescent; the nucleus small, hard, white;
spores oblong, curved, .010 mm. in length.

On old trunks of Acer saccharinuiii under the bark and erumpent
from the cracks: common. Effused sometimes for several inches,
folded and wrinkled. The gelatinous portion shrinks to a mere
meml)rane in drying, leaving the while grains, as large as mustard
seed, (piite cons])icuous. This seems different from the luiropean
species which are termed "solid, not colla])sing by dryness."

Genus IV. — Dacrvmvces, Nees.

Fungi gelatinous, homogeneous, traversed within by septate
fibers; conidia moniliform-concatenate; sporophores at the apex ot
the filaments, clavate, two-forked when fully grown; spores
septate.

94 Cincinnati Society of Natural History.

1. D. FRAGiFORMis, Nccs. Rather compact, round, red, some-
what lobed and folded.

On old wood; common. Round, red, gelatinous, but quite
firm; sometimes confluent for an inch or two, retaining the deep
red color when dry. The threads are moniliform-septate, they are
readily set free in water.

2. D. DELicjUESCENS, Bull. Roundish, rooted, convex, im-
marginate, yellowish; at length twisted and hyaline. Spores three-
septate.

On old wood: rare. At first of a dirty yellowish color, then
growing pallid, when dry, brownish-yellow.

3. D. STiLLATUS, Nees. Roundish, convex, at length plicate,
yellow, then orange, the color persistent. Spores multiseptate.

On old wood;, rare. Distinguished from the former by its
persistent bright color. I usually find the spores multinucleate.

4. D. CHRYSOCOMUS, Bull. Orbicular, golden-yellow; the
younger spheric, immarginate, soon collapsed and pezizoid ; at
length flattened and persistently even. Spores multiseptate.

On old wood; not uncommon. Looking like a small Peziza, in
which genus it was originally placed, but there are no asci. Spores
multinucleate, .015 mm. in length.

5. D. PELLUCiDUS, Schw. Gyrose and variously lobed, the lobes
thick and obtuse, somewhat pellucid, white. Spores three-septate,
.012-. 015 mm. in length.

On old trunks: not common. Large, an inch or two in length
and breadth, and resembling a Tremella in form. In the dry
state it becomes a thick, hard membrane, plicate-venose and pel-
lucid.

Genus V. — Hirneola, Fr. [civ's Ear.

Fungi cartilaginous-gelatinous, soft and tremulous when wet,
but not distended with jelly; when dry coriaceous-horny, reviving
again when moistened, but scarcely swelling. Hymenium sujjerior;
spores continuous, oblong, curved.

I. H. AURicui.A-JuD.^':, Linn. Sessile, concave, tiexuous, thin,
at length black, venose-plicate on both sides, tomentose and
olivaceous-cinereous underneath. Spores oblong, curved, .014-
.016 mm. m length.

On old trunks and branches of Hickory and other wood; common
and abundant. Often growing csespitosely, 1-3 inches in height
and breadth. The hymenium growing black in drying, the opposite

The Mycologic Flora of the Miami Valley, Ohio. 95

side becoming cinereous or olivaceous; the folds or veins become
quite conspicuous.

2. H. ALRiFORMis, Schw. Substipitatc, concave, flexuous,
thin, venose, glauco fuscous; somewhat pubescent underneath.
Stipe lateral short, twisted, sulcate-lacunose. Spores oblong,
curved, .014-016 mm. in length.

On trunks and branches of Walnut; common. Two to 3 inches
in length and breadth. The hymenium does not grow black as in
the preceding species, and the pubescent underside has a tawny or
brownish hue.

Clcnus VI. — (luEi'iNiA, Fr.

Fungi cartilaginous-gelatinous, free, various in form, substipitate.
Hymenium on one side only; sporophores linear, long-forked,
bisporous; spore.s septate, curved.

1. G. SPATHULAKiA, Schw. Nearly erect, stipitate, .spathulate,
the stipe and upper side cinereous-pubescent. Hymenium plicate,
orange-yellow; spores curved, apiculate, three-septate, .010-. 012
mm. in length.

On old wood; common. Growing csespitosely and rooting in
the cracks of the wood, often in a linear series, nearly an inch in
height. The delicate nerves or folds of the hymenium are decurrent
upon the stipe.

2. G. ELEGANS, B. (S: C. Nearly erect, stipitate. Pileus orbi-
cular or fan-shaped, tawny as well as the stipe. Hymenium
plicate, brownish-amber colored; spores curved, apiculate, three-
septate, .015-. 01 8 mm. in length.

On wood of Elm; not common. Growing ccespitosely, often
lobed and confluent, nearly an inch in height. The fine pube-
scence is tawny or rufcscent ; the well-developed hymenium is
plicate with decurrent folds and becomes blackish with age.

3. G. PEZizA, Till. Gupular, nearly sessile; glabrous both
sides, yellow, adnate behind. Stipe slender. Hymenium superior;
spores tiiree-septate, .010-. 01 2 mm. long.

On old wood; rare. Cup shaped, concave, 3-5 mm. broad.
It- looks like a small Pe/.iza, and is not likely to be found except
when < ollectiiig these small fungi.

♦ .

G E IT E ^ I

I 1^ D E X.

AGARICITTI--I-II1.

Agaricvy.q, ^6

•

Amanita,

.^7.

Arrr.illaria, 64.

Olitocybe

, 66.

01 i topi In.

n, 99.

Gollybia,

70.

Grepiciotn

S, 110.

Entolonia,

^^.

PlarTirriiilri ,

106.

Oalera, 109.

Hebelorra ,

106.

Hypholorr.a

, 11^.

Tnocybe ,

1^4.

Lepicta ,

60.

Le p *-■ on 1 a ,

100.

Mycaena,

7:^.

ITaiJcoria,

108.

Omphalie ,

7B.

Panaeolus

, 116.

Pholiota,

101.

Pleurotus

, 77.

Plnteolus

, 108.

Pluteus,

97.

P sail iota

, 111.

-Psathyrella, 117.

Psilocybe

, 115.

Stropha^-i

a, IIP.

Tricholorra, 6".

Tubar-is ,

109.

Volvaria.,

97.

Bolbitius, 177.
Canthavelli35=;, 188.
Goprinur^, 17rs.
Cort inarius , 177.
Hygrophorus, 180.
Lactarius, 182.
LentinUvS, 194.
Lenzites, 198.
Marasniius, 189.
Panus, 19 6.
Paxillus, 179.
Russula, 185.
Schizophyllum, 198,
Trogia, 198.

poly?ort:i--iv-vii

THKL-RPHOR-RI--IX, 188

oletus, ^.

Gort iciurn, 198.

aerialea , .'^

Oraterellu.s, 188

avolTi.r;, ^.

Gyphella, ^01.

erulii;?^, .^.

Hymenochaete , 19 7.

cl?'porus, 91.

La clmo c 1 ad 1 uni , 192

oro^heliuii:, 7

Stereum, 19:5.

olenic;, 7.

Thelephora, 189.

raii.G t e s , 1 .

GLAVA^IKI,-X, 86.

RVnTTFn--VI] ] , 7

Calocera, 90.

ranctinia, 17

Glavarifi, 86.

vriniin], 7.

'yphula, 91.

yvey y 14.

tre]\:kllitiei,-x, oi.

neiffie, 18.

Dacryniyc'js , "^7>,

riontici, 17

Exidia, 9:^..

hlebia, 16

Ouepinia, 91^.

adulun, 16

Hlrnc3ola, 94.

TTaemstolia, 9."^

Tromclla, 91.

New York Botanical Garden Library

QK605.5.O36 M66 1883 gen

Morgan, A. P. /The mycologic flora of Ine

3 5185 00024 4226

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