I I I I I I I Marine Biological Laboratory Library Woods Hole, Mass. Presented l>y Dr. Ralph Lewin National -Research Council Halifax, Nova Scotia I I I I I I I I I I LD _U Of li I i CD m CD M YXOM YCETES OF GREAT BRITAIN. PRINTED BY G. P. BACON, LEWES, ' ' CONTRIBUTIONS TO MYCOLOGIA BRITANNICA. THE ai $nt;t%t kitaht. ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE METHOD OF ROSTAFINSKI. The Characters of all the Orders, Families and Genera, with descriptions of the British Species, and original Analytical Tables, translated from the Polish, by M . C. C O O K E . ILLUSTRATED BY TWENTY-FOUR PLATES. fLontum : WILLIAMS AND NORGATE, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, AND SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH. 1877. INTRODUCTION. FOR half a century the Myxomycetes have been classified on the basis of external characters alone, or such only as could be dis- cerned by the aid of a pocket lens. In one or two instances an additional genus has been constituted in which some prominence was given to characters determined by the aid of the microscope, as for instance in the genus Badliamia proposed by Berkeley in 1851, but the general feature of the classification was one of external characteristics. The advance of Microscopy left behind such an incomplete system for many years, and at length Professor de Bary turned his attention to the subject but made no definite propositions for a rectification of the classification, until in 1873 his pupil at Strasburg, Dr. Joseph Rostafinski, published in an inaugural address the outlines of a system of classification, based on new principles. In 1875, the more elaborate, and detailed " Monografia Sluzowce " expanded and illustrated his views in a complete and almost exhaustive manner. This work being, un- fortunately, printed in the Polish language, and most difficult to obtain through the ordinary channels of trade, it appeared advis- able to present to English readers as much of it as referred to British species in a more familiar language, and hence the present work. At first Rostafinski recognized in the " Mycetozoa," as he termed them, two primary divisions, in one of which the spores were developed externally, on the surface of certain definite spore-bearers, and in the other they were developed internally, covered at first by a protective membrane or sporangium. In 11. INTRODUCTION. the monograph only a passing notice is given of the first divi- sion, and in the more recent " supplement ';| it is not mentioned at all. The inference to be deduced from this is that the Exosporous Mycetozoa are regarded as an encumbrance to the system, and are intended to be ignored. The Mycetozoa proper being thus reduced to unity, our illustra- tions will be understood to refer to these alone. As in the Agaricini, so in the Myxomycetes the first steps in classification, relate to the colour of the spores. Two sections include the species (1) with violet spores, and (2) those having spores otherwise coloured. The Amaurosporce and the Lamprosporw are the two primary sections, each of which is subsequently again divided into two subsections, in one of which no evident capillitiuni is present, and in the other some kind of capillitium is always developed. A careful comparison of the analytical key, and the fuller description of the orders, families and genera, which are all re- produced in the following pages, will enable the student readily to master the distinctive features of the details of the system. As the old method was based wholly on external features, so the new has nearly all its essential characteristics relating to internal structure. If there is any one feature in which the Rostafinsld method is more assailable than another it is the too slight regard which is given to external features. Naturally enough, in escaping from one extreme, the rebound has been to the other. Time and experience will undoubtedly hereafter develop a " happy medium." In making use of this system the first determination requisite is the colour of the spores, then the presence or absence of a capillitium, and finally the character of the capillitium, when present, in all its details. Undoubtedly the leading idea of the INTRODUCTION. 111. classification is the capillitium, or the capillitium and columella, and this should be borne in mind in any attempt which is made to master the details of the scheme. The negative features of the method are important to remember in the transition from one system to another. The form, of the sporangium must not be relied upon to the fullest extent of the old system ; and, especially in some genera, the presence or absence of a stem is to be regarded as of little moment. Above all, colour, as exhibited in sporangium or stern, must be held as wholly untrustworthy, and this extends equally to the capil- litium and spores in the Lamprosporce . Some disappointment will probably be felt at seeing so many old friends, formerly designated by distinct names, and each sup- posed to possess an individuality of its own, all thrown together in such species as Didymium farinaceum and Trichia fragilis. And again, on the other hand, that such minute differences, which require both faith and practice to appreciate, should separate Trichia affinis from Trichia chrysosperma. These applications of the system, however, do not vitiate the system itself, which undoubtedly must be accepted as a great and thorough reform of the classification of the Myxomycetes. It is unnecessary to attempt any controversion of the propo- sition once made, but soon ignored, that these organisms are more intimately related to animals than plants. Although the proposed name of Mycetozoa is still retained by Rostafinski, it is entirely divested of any insinuation in the direction of Infusoria, or Rhizopoda. It is just because of the misinterpretation to which Mycetozoa is liable that the preference has been given to Myxomycetes as the title of this work. Finally, as to the present " contribution," I may not have succeeded in producing a very elegant, but at least I believe a IV. INTRODUCTION. faithful translation of such portions of Dr. Rostafinski's monograph as concern British species. The synonyms have not been com- pared or verified, but are given on authority of the monograph. The plates reproduced from the same work, have the original numbers still attached to them, so that any quotation of figures in the monograph will correspond. The last plate is composed of additional figures of my own. The early portion was already printed before the " Supplement ': to the "Monograph' reached me, which necessitated an appendix in which all corrections and additions are made. It is hoped that this revision and re-arrangement of a small portion of the " Handbook ' will be so received by British My- cologists as to induce me to proceed with other portions, which are equally in need of revision. M. C. COOKE. MTXOMYCETES. Myxomycetes. Wallr. (1833.) FL Crypt., ii., 333. Myxogastres. Fries. (1829.) Sys. Myc., iii., 67. Myxogasteres. EiuH. (1836.) Gen., p. 25. Bonorden Hdbk., p. 210. Mycetozoa.. De Bary. Mycet. (1861.) Rostafinski Mon., p. 83 (1875.) When young, naked, mobile, in consequence of which the masses of plasm odium have a changing form. These masses at the time of fructification sometimes dividing themselves into single parts, are transformed into motionless fruits. Fruit either irregular in form (plasmodiocarp) or regular (sporangium^). Sporangia, through, fusion and union, produce, now and then, compound fruits (^Etha- liuni). ./Ethalium. usually of considerable dimensions, of regular or irregular form, naked, or covered with a common coat (cortex). Spores produced within the fruit through free- cell formation, or on the surface through division. The contents of spores at the time of germination, give rise to either at first a naked zoospore pro- vided with a nucleus, a cramped vacuole, and long cilia, or to an amaeboid. These zoospores, or ama^ba?, flowing together in masses, give rise to mobile plasmodia. — Rstfki. Mon , p. 83. The above diagnosis is translated literally, in order to avoid any misconstruction which a freer rendering might induce. MYXOMYCETES. SYNOPSIS OF ORDERS, FAMILIES, AND GENERA IN ROSTAFINSKI'S MONOGRAPH. DIVISION I. BXOSPORBJE. DIVISION ii. ENDOSPOBJLE. SUB-DIVISION I. AMAUROSPORE^:. Spores violet, or brownish-violet. Sect. A. Sporangia without a capillitium. ORDER I. PROTODERME^E. Family 1. PROTODERMACE.E. Genus 1. Protoderma. Sect. B. TRICHOPHOR&. Sporangia constantly possessed of a capillitium. ORDER II. CALCARE^. Family 2. CIENKOWSKIACE^E. Genus 2. Cienkowskia. Family 3. PIIYSARACE^. Genus 3. Physarwn. ,, 4. Craterium. „ 5. Cratenachea. ,, 6. Tilmadoche. ,, 7. Leocarpus. ,, 8. Fuliyo. ,, 9. Trickamphora. „ 10. Badliamia. ,, 11. Scyphium. Family 4. DIDYMIACE.E. Genus 12. Didymium. ,, 13. Chondrioderma. ,, 14. Lepidodcrma. Family 5. SPUMARIACEJE. Genus 15. Diachosa. „ 16. Spumaria. ORDER III. AMAUROCH^ETE^E. Family 6. STEMONITACE^J. Genus 17. Stemonitis. „ 18. Comatricha. ,, 19. Lamproderma. Family 1. ENERTHENEMACEJE. Genus 20. Enerthenema. MYXOMYCETES. 3 Family 8. AMAUROCHETACE.E. Genus 21. Amaurochcete. Family 9. JBREFELDIACE^E. Genus 22. Brefeldia. Family 10. ECHINOSTKLIACE^E. Genus 23. Echinostelinm. SUB-DIVISION II. LAMFRCSPORS. Spores diversely coloured, never violet. Sect. A. ATRICH^E. Sporangia without a capillitiuin. ORDER IV. ANEME^E. Family 11. DICTYOSTELIACE^E. Genus 24. Dictyosteltum. Family 12. LICEACE.E. Genus 25. Licea. „ 26. Tubulina. ,, 27. Lindbladia. Family 13. CLATHROPTYCHIACEJI:. Genus 28. Clathroptychium. „ 29. Enteridium. ORDER V. HETERODERME^E. Family 14. CRIBRARIACE^E. Genus 30. Dictydium. „ 31. Heterodictyon. „ -32. Cribraria. Sect, B. TRICHOPHORM. Sporangia constantly possessed of a capillitium. ORDER VI. RETICULARLE. Family 15. RETICULARIACE^E. Genus 33. Reticidaria. ORDER VJI. CALONEME^. Family 16. TRICHIACE^E. Genus 34. TricJna. ,, 35. Hemiarcyria. Family 17. ARCYRIACE^E. Genus 36. Arcyria. ,, 37. Lachnobolus. ,, 38. DciHiodium. ,, 39. Lycogala. ,, 40. Cornitcia. „ 41. Olitjonema. Family 18. PERICH^EXACE^E. Genus 42. Pcnclicpna. 4 MYXOMYCETES. ANALYTICAL KEY FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE GENERA. 1. Spores outside the sporangium or sethalium (Exosporce) ...... Spores inside the sporangium or gethalium (JEndosporce) ...... 2. Sporangia grown together into a dendritic or branched form, or into a net with polygonal openings ...... 3. Spores violet, or brownish-violet colour (Am- aurosporce) ...... Spores otherwise coloured, mostly of bright colour (Lamprosporce) . . . . 4. Without capillitinm (Atrichce) With capillitinm ( Trichophorce} . 5. Sporangium single (Protodermecs) 6. Wall of sporangium single 7. Deposits of lime on the surface, or outside the sporangium or sethalium (Calcarece) Sporangium or aethalinm without deposits of lime (AmaurochetfCB^ .... 8. Capillitium of coloured threads combined into a network, some of the branches with free extremities (Cienkowskiacece) . Capillitinm of thin-walled, colourless, trans- lucent tubes, usuallv combined into an / •/ irregular network, expanded and wider at the angles, not usually developed into, or replaced by, a central knot, or " columella" (Physaraceoi) ..... Capillitium of very thin threads, or more rarely of sparse tubes, usually violet, or more rarely colourless, simple, or combined by transverse branches into a network, with- out deposits of lime. Columella usually strongly developed (Didt/mia<-ea>) Sporangium cylindrical, ol tuse, simple or combined into tree-like branches. ^Etha- lium also cylindrical, with a central colu- mella. Capillitium of violet threads with- out lime, combined into a network (Spu- mariacece] ..... 9. Free ends of capillitinm attenuated, grains of lime very strongly developed, and usually branched ...... 10. Sporangium single ..... Sporangia combined into an entangled phiit (gethalium) ...... 2 3 Ceratium. 4 32 5 7 6 Protoderma. 8 21 9 10 19 20 Cienkowskia. 11 Fid i (jo. MYXOMYCETE8. 11. Deposits of lime only on the surface of the Sporangium. Capillitium without litne, its tubes filled with air . Deposits of lime also contained within the sporangium, tubes of capillitium filled wholly or partly by lime 12. Tubes of capillitium wide, rarely combined by transverse branches into a network, both ends attached, and generally of equal thickness throughout their length . 13. Whole network of tubes of the capillitium filled up by lime ..... Network ol capillitium only in a few places filled by lime ...... 14. Sporangium irregularly split Sporangium opening with a lid, which after- wards falls away ..... 15. Network of capillitiuui irregular Tubes of capillitiani broad at the base, thinner and thinner higher up, forked nu- merously at a sharp angle, the branches combined into a regular network, the lime granules not very apparent 16. Only a few knots of the capillitium charged with granules of lime .... 17. Majority of the knots undeveloped, granules of lime consequently very scarce ; sporan- gium with a single delicate side wall; columella central and cylindrical One half of the knots empty, the other half charged with granules of lime ; walls of sporangium double .... 18. Sporangium irregularly split ; walls of spor- angium single or double .... Sporangium splitting regularly with a lid, its margin, after opening, usually cut off . 19. Wall of sporangium single or double, the outer one always covered on the outside with crystals of lime .... Wall of sporangium single or double, the outer one encrusted with granules of lime, sometimes quite shell like Surface of sporangium covered with lime scales, covered by a thin membrane, or lenticular granules of lime placed in fissures of the side wall 20. Sporangium single, columella central, filled with lime 12 13 Trichamphura. 14 15 I>adh0075-'013 mm. cliam. — Rtfki. Mon. 102. On bark, wood, leaves, &c. (figs. 85, 71, 72). Mncilago Crustacea, Mich. Gen. t. 96, f. 9 (1729). Lycoperdon cinereum, Batsch. fig. 169 (1783). Lycopt-rdon alni, Bjer. in Vet. Hand!., p. 39 (1789). Tricliia ccerulea, Trent, p. 229 (1797). Pluisuriim cinereum, Pers. Syn., p. 170 (1801). Nees. f. 107. Letel'l. t. 710, f. 2. Phijxanun violaceum, Schuui. Saell., 1428 (1803). Fl. Dan., t. 1980, f. 2. Physarum corrugatujn, Link. Herb. Ph//saiiim ccelatiiin, Ehr. Herb. Physarum conglobatum, Fr. Gast., p. 21 (1818). Letell, t. 710, f 3. Didi/minm cinereum, Fr. S. M. iii., 126 (1329). Eng. Fl. v., 314. Cooke Hclbk., No. 1133. Physarum plumbeum, Fr. S. M. iii., 142 (1829). Physarum Weinmanni, Fr. var. in Mtt. Didnmium melanopus, Wallr., No. 2,193 (1833). Physanim sinuosum, Wallr. Didymium scrobiculatum, Berk. Hook. Journ. (1845), p. 6G. Physarum album, Fckl. F. Rhen., 1469 (1865). 5. Physarum virescens. (l)itin.) Sporangia sessile, scarcely one-third mm. broad, very much, crowded, yellow or greenish, irregularly globose, without stem or columella ; capillitium evanescent, containing very small granules of lime in irregular angular masses ; spore* bright violet, with a smooth membrane, -0075--009 mm. — Etfki. Mon., 103. On leaves, &c. Pht/sarum rirescens, Ditm., t. 61 (1817). Physarum thejoteum, Fr. Gast., p. 21 (1818). Physarum anceps, Fckl. Sym. Myc., p. 343 (1869). 6. Physarum contextuxn. (Pers.) Sporangia very much crowded, almost kidney-shaped, sessile, on a broad base, or elongated and contorted, twisted together, and 14 MYXOMYCETES. interwoven one with another, plane ; walls double, the outer thick, containing lime, orange or snow-white, the inner thin and yel- lowish ; capillitium containing numerous granules of lime in irregular masses, uncoloured, usually without a columella ; spores dull brown-violet, very spinulose, '011--0133 mm. — Rtfki. Mon., 109. On dead grass, ferns, &c. var. a genuinum. Sporangia kidney-shaped, sitting on a wide base, gregarious or complicated, from 1 to 1-5 long, 0'25 mm. wide. var. ft splendens. Sporangia elongated, twisted one with another, as it were inter- woven, with the upper part sunk in, now and then much settled at the margin, from 1 to 25 mm. long, 0'25 mm. wide. x Diderma contextwn, Pers. Obs. i., 89 (1796). Ditm. t. 39. Cooke Hdbk., No. 1117. Physarum context urn, Pers. Syn., 168 (1801). Didymium contextual, Fr. Gast., p. 20 (1818). Lcocarpus contextus, Fr. S. V. S., 450 (1849). Chondrioderma contextam, Rtfki. in Fckl. Sym. Myc. ii., 74 (1873). 7. Physaium sinuosum. (Bull.) Plasmodiocarp marginately flattened, narrow edge grown to the substratum, elongated, twisted together, or combined in a reticu- late manner, snow-white or slightly yellowish, usually splitting at the apex with a longitudinal fissure ; walls double, the outer thick, containing much lime, brittle, the inner thin-sided, greyish ; capillitium strongly developed, containing numerous snow-white granules of lime, always for the greatest part branched below, the rest in irregular angular lumps ; spores brownish-violet, with a thick tough membrane, smooth, '0083--009 mm. diam. — Rtfki. 112. On various substances (fig. 91). Reticularia sinuosa, Bull. t. 446, f. 3 (1791). Sow., t. 6. Pliysarum bivalve, Pers. Obs. t. i., f. 2 (1796). Trichia sphcerica, P polymorpha, Trent., p. 230 (1797). AitfiiorliJiinn siinmsiim, Grev. S. C. Fl., t. 310 (1828). Eng. Fl. v., 315. Cooke Hdbk., No. 1142, fig. 128. Diderma vahatuni. Fr. S. M. iii., 109 (1829). DMyminm sinuosum, DR. & M. Fl Alg., p. 411 (1846). Carcerina valvuht, Fr. S. V. S., p. 451 (1649). Leocarpus fiielaleucus, (i'ay, in Mont. Syll., 1,072 (1855). Diderma contortion, Fckl. Sym. Myc., 341 (1869). Diderma pallidinn, B. & C., in Grevillea iii., 52 (1873). MYXOMYCETES. 15 8. Physarum leucophaeum. /•>. Sporangium irregularly globose, usually stipitate, with a stem of variable length, now and then short and obsolete, then appa- rently sessile, sometimes confluent and formed into an entangled plasmodiocarp ; capillitium characteristic, thin-sided between the knots, either long or very short, only rarely containing granules of lime, all very irregular; spores bright violet, smooth, '0087-'0096 mm. cliam. — Rtfki.Mon., 113. On trunks, amongst moss, &c. a geiruixvum. Sporangium greyish- white; stem stiff, erect, bright brown, now and then sessile. (1) stipitatum. Sporangium stipitate. b. connexum. Stems grown together through their whole length ; sporangia now and then confluent. (2) sessile. Stem, short, disappearing, or entirely unde- veloped, standing singly. b. conglobatum. Sporangia standing in little heaps, now and then confluent. (3 violascens. Sporangia violet, iridescent ; stem often straw- coloured, now and then but little stiff, almost recumbent on the substratum. Here belongs the form with but little lime. (1) stipitatum. (2) sessile. y flexuosum. Plasmodiocarp vein-like, creeping, now and then combined in a reticulate manner. On leaves, &c. Splicerocarpus albus, Bull., p. 136, var. 3, 4 (1791). Trichiafilamentosa, Trent., p. 227 (1797). Physurum conftuens, Link. Diss. ii., 42 (1809). Physarum connexum, Link. Diss. ii., 42 (1809). Physarum hypnorum, Link. Diss. ii., 42 (1809). Physarum albopunctatum, Link. Herb. Physaruni chii'us, Ehr. Herb. Physarum conglobatum^ Ditm., t. 40 (1817). Physarum leucophaum, Fr. Sym. Gast., p. 24. Sys. Myc. iii., 132 (1818). Cooke Fungi Brit" ii., No. 519. Didymiitm melanopus, (3 davits, \Vallr. non Fries (1833). Didymium terrestre, Fr. in Weinm (183G). Physarum albipcs, De Bary, not Link. (1^59). Physarum striatum, Fckl. Sym. Myc., 342 (1869). Didymium liemisphericum, Fckl. Sym. Myc., 341 (1869). Although differing in some particulars from the forms described by Rostafinski, we have nevertheless referred the species issued in " Fungi Britannici " to this place. The specimens contain, mixed 16 MYXOMYCETKS. with a few shortly stipitate individuals, sessile and confluent sporangia, as in var. sessile, form conglobatum. It is undoubtedly an exceedingly variable species. The following two species are not included in Rostafinski's Monograph. 9. Physarum metallicum. Berli. Sporangia subglobose, slightly depressed, a line or more in diameter, sessile, quite smooth, very delicate, of a most beautiful metallic appearance, bursting irregularly ; capillitiuin and spores pink-grey ; walls single. — Mag. Zool. 4' Bot., No. 29. On decorticated stick. Physarum metallicum. Berk. Mag. Zool. & Bot., No. 29, t. 3, f. 8 ; ' Cooke Handbk., No. 1139. 10. Physarum Tussilaginis. Jl. $• Br. Sporangia sessile, roundish or irregular, flattened, broadly adnate, slightly shining, smooth, livid grey; capillitium of delicate, thin, nncoloured threads, with scarcely any evidence of the presence of lime ; spores globose, dark-violet, rough. — Ann. N . Hist., No. 1597. On leaves of Tussilago. Batlliamia capsulifer. Cooke Fungi Brit., Ser. i., No. 526 ; Ser. ii., No. 206. Physarwn Tussilaginis. B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1597 ; Grevillea, v. p. 12. This is not a good species of Physarum-, there is scarcely any lime, or capillitium. \Pliysarum atntm, Fr. S. M. iii., 147 ; Berk., Ann. N. Hist., 216; Cooke Handbk., No. 1141. Rostafinski excludes this from Myxomycetes, under the name of Apiosporium imersum.~\ PHYSARUM. ANALYTICAL TABLE OF THE SPECIES. [This table is given as compiled by Rostafinski, the names of species found in Britain being in small capitals, the residue in italics.] A. Wall of sporangium, single. Granules of lime more or less rounded. * Wall of sporangium, after losing the lime, uncoloured. Sporangium stipitate or sessile . candidnm. ** Wall of sporangium, after losing the lime, at least in the lower part, violet coloured. MYXOMYCETES. •) Sporangia sessile •) •) Sporangia stipitate. Stem black, shining Stem snow-white, opaque ft Granules of lime in small angular masses. * With columella. Sporangium and stem white Sporangium with stem coloured. Without columella. •) Granules of lime not numerous, and not all the knots swollen. I Capillitium elastic, after the opening of the sporangium elongating itself many times . ! ! Capillitium not elastic. Granules of lime of the usual form . Granules of lime in the optical section bounded by right angles . •) •) Granules of lime very numerous. ! Sporangium invariably sessile. .'. Plasrnodiocarp of irregular form, creeping, vein-like, Capillitium flesh-coloured .*. .*. Sporangium single. Wall of sporangium, and grannies of lime white Wall of sporangium, and granules of lime yel- low or greenish . Wall of sporangium, and granules of lime brown. Wall of sporangium, and granules of lime scarlet. ! ! Sporangia invariably stipitate, stem straw-colour, drooping, often fasciculate, sporangia united together Stem snow-white, sporangia grey .... Stem and sporangia sulphur- coloured Stem and sporangium yellow Stem red .... Stem purple Stem brown or straw-colour B. Wall of sporangium double. j" Inner denser, stipitate . . . ff Outer denser, sessile. lividum. nephroideum . affine. globuliferum. SCHUMACHERI. Famintzini. LEUCOPH^EUM. Capense. gyro sum. CINEREUM. VIRESCENS. Braunianum. rubiginosum. polymorphum. LEUCOPUS. sulphur eum. flavum. psittacinum. pulckerimum. Berkeley!. DIDERMOIDES. 18 HYXOMYCETES. * Plasmodiocarp creeping or net-like, splitting with a longitudinal fissure .... SINUOSUM. ** Sporangium single. •) Globose, snow-white . . diderma. •) •) Not globose, yellow or orange, rarely white. Spores 'OOS-'OOO min., scarcely spinulose conglomeratum. Spores '012 mm., very spinulose . . CONTEXTUM. Gemis 4. CRATERIUM. Trent. Sporangia regular, determinate, splitting with a lid, walls papy- raceous, stiff, invariably stipitate. Lower part of the sporangium, after the spores are expelled, permanent, cyathif'orm ; walls of sporangia double or treble, the outer passing down into the tubular stem, inner usually surrounding the mass of spores on all sides, and the base of the tubes of the capillitium stout, inevitably con- taining numerous granules of lime; rigid, persistent after the dis- persal of the spores ; C'llumella almost always evident, formed in the centre by the free, strongly-developed knots of the capillitium. —Rtfski. Mon., 118. Sub.-Gen. 1. Leiocraterium. 11. Craterium vulgare. L'ifm. Stem equal in length to the sporangium, coloured, very plicate, penetrating, shining ; sporangium, cyathiform, otherwise coloured, rugose below, shining and smooth above ; lid chalky-white; spores bright- violet, smooth, 'OSo-'Ol mm. — lltfki. Alon., 118. var. a. genuinum. Sporangium dark nut-brown, stem saffron-yellow. ,, /3. confusum. Sporangium ochre-brown, stem rusty-yellow or dull-brown. „ y. albicans. Sporangium whitish, dirty-ochre below, stem ochrey, or dull-brown. On moss, sticks, leaves, &c. (Figs. 94, 96.) Fungoides in fun dibit I?' forme, Mich., t. 86, f. 13 (1729). Craterium pedunculatum, Trent., p. 244 (1797); Cooke Hdbk., No. 1149. Cratei ium vulgare, Ditrn., t. 9 (1817); Nces., f. 120; Chev. Par., t 4, f. 2-fi. Craterium leucocephaltim, Desm. Cat.. 27 (182^). Craterium minutum, Cooke Fungi Brit., i., No. 525 ; ii., 208. MYXOMYCETES. 19 12. Craterium pyriforme. Ditm. Stem shorter than the sporangium, very plicate, penetrating the shining, pyriform, ochrey-brown coloured sporangium ; lid chalky- white ; columella distinct ; spores bright-violet, smooth, 'OSS-'Ol mm. — Rtfki. Hon., 120. On bark. Craterium pyri forme, Ditm., 1. 10 (1817) ; Fr. S. M., iii. ; Cooke Handbk. No. 1150. 13. Craterium minutum. (Leers.) Sporangium pyriform, together with the lid of the same colour ; stem concolorous, or dusky-coloured ; lid convex; columella distinct; spores bright-violet, smooth, 'OOS3-'01 mm. — Rtfki. Mon., 120. var. a. genuinum. Sporangium with the lid leather-colour, stem rusty, short. „ g. turbinatum. Sporangium, lid, and stem alike dirty-yellow coloured ; stem usually short, now and then otherwise, with the stem one-and-a-half times the length of the sporangium. On moss, leaves, &c. (Fig. 95.) Peziza minuta, Leers. Fl. Herb., No. 1085 (1775). Cyathus minutus, Hoff., Veg. Cr., t, 2, f. 2 (1790J ; Sow., t. 239. Trichia minuta, Relli. Cant, teste Fr. (1786). Nidnlaria minuta, With. Arr., iv. (1792). Sphcerocarpus operculata, Schum. ISaell., 1503 (1803). Physarum turbinatum, Schum. Saell., 1450 (1803). Craterium levcocephalum, Grev. S. C. Fl. t. 65? (1814). Craterium minutum, Fr. S. M., iii., p. 151 (1829); Eng. Fl., v., 316; Cooke Hdbk., 1151. Craterium turlinatum, Fr. S. M., iii., 152 (1829). Arcyria leucocephala, Auct. Sub.-Gen. 2. Trachycraterium. 14. " Craterium leucocephalum. (Pers.) Sporangium turbinate, erect, ferruginous, variegated with white, the lower part, together with the stem, very plicate, ferruginous; capillitium, columella, and spores rusty brown colour; spores smooth, -0083--01 mm.—KtJki. Man., 123. On various substances. (Figs. 98, 100.) Fungoides minimum, Mich., t. 86, f. 14 (1729). Peziza convivalvis, Batsch., p. 121 (1781). 20 MYXOMYCETES. Stemonitis leucocephala, Pers., in Gmcl. Sys., 1,464 (1791). Stemonitis cyathiformis, Schrnk., p. 19 (1790). Trichia cinerea, Trent., p. 227 (1797). Arcyria leucocephala, Huff. Veg. Or., t. 6, f. 1. (1795). Physarum pedunculatum, iSchum. irfaell., 1453 (1803). Trichia aurece affinis, Fl. Dan., t. 1314 f. 2 (1810). Cyathus cinereus, Purt. Mid. FL, t. 35 (1817). Craterium leucocephalum, Ditm., t. 11 (1817) Grev. S. C. Fl., t. 65.; Eng. Fl. v., p. 316; Cooke Hdhk., No. 1152. Craterium vulgare, Cbev. Fl. Par., 340 (1826). Physarum leucostictum, Cliev. Fl. Par., t. 9, f. 29 (1826). Craterium leucostictwn, Fr. S. M., iii., 152 (1829). Cupularia leucocephala. Link. Hdbk., iii., 421 (1833). Phijsarwn xanthopus, Wallr. in sched. Crateri-m xanthuptts, Wallr. 11. Germ, ii., 358 (1836). Craterium deoperculatnm, Fr. in Weinm., 597 (1836). Craterium pendulum, Fr. in Weinm., 597 (1836). Cupnlaria xanthopu?, Rabh. Fl. Or., 2226 (1844). Craterium jpruinosum, Corda. Ic., vi., t. 12, f. 33 (1854). 15. Crateirium auzeuxn. (Schum.) Sporangium turbinatc, roundish, together with the short stiff stem golden-yellow, very rough ; capillitium containing grannies of lime, with the colnmella yellowish ; spores rusty-brown, 'OOSS-'Ol mm. — Rtfki. Alon., 125. On bark, moss, &c. Trichia aurea, Schum. Saell., 1,461 (1803). Craterium mutabile, Fr. S. M., iii., 154 (1829) ; Eng. FL, v., 316; Cooke Hdbk., 1153. Cupularia mittabilis, Rabh. Fl. Cr., 2225 (1844). Physarum Durieui, Mont. Herb. Genus 5. CRATERIACHEA. R. Sporangia splitting irregularly, the lower portion permanent after the dispersal of the spores, margin lacerated ; central columella cylindrical, containing lime ; capillitium of delicate tubes in a thick net running towards the wall of the sporangium ; knots unde- veloped, only exceptionally swollen with granules of lime ; meshes of the net of the capillitium towards the margin of the sporangium less and less, terminating in very small, short, perpendicular ends united to the wall. — Rtjki. Mun.,\>. J25. [The single species not yet recorded in Britain. Figs. 102, 103.] MYXoMVCETES. 21 Genus 6. TXL1VXADOCHE. Fr. Sporangia stipitate, splitting in an irregular or reticulate manner, without columella; \vall of sporangia single, very delicate, weakly, but not uniformly containing deposits of lime; tubes of the capillitiimi at the bottom simple, forking through the whole length at a sharp angle, the rest straightened, therefore formed into a regular net ; grannies of lime very small, fusiform, not numerous. — Rtfki. Mon., 126. 16. Tilmadoche nutans. (Pers.) Sporangia lenticular, plane or concave below, usually cracked in many places, umbilicate, greyish-white, stipitate, nodding ; stem of variable length, subulate, cernuous, furrowed, whitish-grey or greyish-brown ; capillitium strongly developed, tubes uncoloured, containing very small irregular granules of lime ; spores bright- violet, smooth, -009--0103 mm. — Rtfki. Mon., 127. On rotten wood, &c. (Fig. 129.) a. forma propxia. Stem as long as the sporangium, or usually twice as long, thin, wrinkled. (3. xigida. Stem more than three times the length of the spo- rangium, rigid, nearly cylindrical, furrowed. Splicerocarpus dibits, Bull., t. 407, f. 3, c-g (1791). Stemonitis alba, Gmel. Sys., 14 69 (1791). Mucor albas, Sobolen. Petr., 324 (1779). Physarum nutans, Pers. Syn.. p. 171 (1801). Berk. Eng. Fl. v., 314. Cooke Hdbk., No. 1135 partly. Physarwn subtile, Pers. Syn., p. 171 (1801). Tricliia cernua, Schum. Saell., 1410 (1803). Plujsarum bulb i forme, Schum. Saell., 1432 (1803). Fl. Dan., t. 1974, f. 3. Pln/sarum marginatnm, Schum. Saell., 1440 (1803). Physarum didymium, Schum. Saell., 1441 (1803). Plujsarum albopunctatum, Schum. Saell., 1433 (1803). Physannn brevipes, Schum. Herb. Physarum cinereum, Schum. Herb. Physarum leucopus, Schum. Herb. Triclna alba, DC. Fl. Fr. ii., 202 (1805). Physarum albipes, Link. Diss. i., 27 (1809). Physarum sulcatum, Link. Diss. i., 27 (1809). Physarum connectnm, Ditm., t. 41 (1817). Pltysarum cernuum, Fl. Dan., t. 1974, f. 2 (1823). Pliysarum nutans a albaci'.ereum, Fr. S. M. iii., 128 (1829). Didymium maiffitiatuin, Fr. S. M. iii., 116 (1829). Tilmadoche cernua, Fr. S. V. S., 454 (1849). 22 MYXOMYCETE8. 17. Tilmadoche mutabilis. Rtfki. Sporangia globose, flattened, or lenticular, plane below or con- cave, usually cracked in many places, umbilicate, yellow, greenish- yellow, or rusty orange, stipitate, nodding, splitting irregularly, or in a reticulate manner ; stem variable in length, subulate, cernuous, straw-colour, yellow, scarlet, or ferruginous ; capillitium coloured the same as the sporangia, strongly developed ; tubes strongly developed, containing fusiform colourless granules of lime ; spores. —Rtfki. Man., 130. On decayed wood (figs. 123-127, 132). a. lutea. (Bull.) Sporangium variously yellow, now and then greenish-yellow ; stem similarly coloured, or now and then ferruginous, usually irregularly, more rarely reticulately splitting. j3. aurantiaca. (Bull.) Sporangium coloured orange or rusty-orange ; stem more rarely similarly coloured, usually dark brown, splitting in a reticulate, or now and then irregular manner. Stemonitis viridis, Gmel. Sys., ii.; 1469 (1791). Stemonitis aurautia, Gmel. Sys., ii., 1469 (1791). Stemonitis bicolor, Gmel. Sys., ii., 1469 (1791). Splicerocarpus luteus, Bull., t. 407, f . 2 (1797). tSphcerocarpus viridis, Bull.,t. 407, f. 1 (1797). Splicerocarpus aurantius, Bull., t. 484, f. 2 (1797). Pliysarum aureum, Pers. Disp., t. i., f. 6 (1801) ; Grev., t. 124 ; Ditni., t. 23. Physanim viride, Pers. Syn., p. 172 (1801); Ditm., t. 24; Nees., f. 108. Pliysarum aurantium, Pers. Syn., t. iii., f. 7 (1801). Pliysarum luteum, Pers. Syn., 172 (1801). Tricliia viridis, DC. Fl. Fr., ii., 252 (1805). Trichia auranlia, DC. Fl. Fr., ii., 253 (1805). Plysarum nutans, ft- viride, Fr. S. M., iii., 129 (1829) ; Cooke Hdbk. No. 1135 var. B. Physarvm nutans, y aureum, Fr. S. M., iii., 129 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1135, var. 7. Pltysarum nutans, £. coccineum, Fr. S. M., iii., 129. Pliysarum striatum, c. aurantiacum, Fr. S. M., iii., 131. Phi/saram nutans, c. luteovirens, Rabh. Fl. Cr., 2,268 (1844). Pltysarum viride, Fr. S. V. S., 453 (1849). Pliysarum aureum, Fr. S. V. S., 453 (1849). Pliysarum coccineum, Fr. S. V. S., 453 (1849). MYXOMYOETES. 23 Genus 7. LEOCARPUS. (Linli.) Sporangia irregularly splitting, with double walls ; inner wall surrounding the mass of spores on all sides, and giving origin to the capillitiuui ; outer wall tliick, passing down to the stein or hypothallus. Tubes of the capillitiuin formed into a tliick net, the greater part of the knots weakly developed, rilled with air, the rest very much swollen, and changed into granules of lime. — Rtfki. Mon., 132. 18. Leocarpus fragilis. (Dicks.} Sporangia obovate, or somewhat roundish, sessile, or with a thin thread-like, coloured, rising stem ; bright, shining, containing coloured granules of lime ; spores dull violet, spinnlose, '012-'0148 nim. — Rtfki. Mon., 132. On grass, twigs, moss, &c. (fig. 93). Lycnperdon fragile, Dicks. Cry., t. Ill, f. 3 (1785) ; Sow., 1. 136. Reticularia fragilis, Poir. Uncy. Lycoperdon parasiticum, With. AIT., iv., 379 (1792). Diderma vernicosum, Pers. Obs., t. Ill, f. 7 (1790') ; Fl. Dan. t. 1312, f. 2 ; Eng. Fl., v., 311 ; Cooke, Hdbk., No. 1108. Trichia lutea, Trent., p. 230 (1797). Diderma vernicosum, j3. parasitica, Pers. Syn., 165 (1801). Physarum nitidum, Schurn. Saell., 1451 (1803). jP/iysarum vernicosum, Schum. Saell., 1452 (1^03). Leocarpus vernicosus, Link. Obs., i., 25 (1809) ; Nees., f. 100; Grev. S. C. Fl., Ill ; Corda., v., f. 32. Leocnrpus spennoides, Link. Obs., i., 25 (1809). Leocarpus atrovirens, Fr. Gast., p. 13 (1817). Leung turn vernicosum, Fr. Strip. Feinj., 83 (1825). Leangium atrovirens, Fr. Stirp., 83 (1825). Diderma atrovirens, Fr. S. M , iii., 103 (1829). Tripotricliia elegans, Corda. Ic.. i., f. 288A (1837). Genus 8. FULIGO. Hull. Variable in size, deformed, diversely coloured, aBthalium com- pouiuled of variously entangled vein-like sporangia, with but little cohesion; central stratum tilled with spores and capillitiuin, outer empty, not always developed into a cortex, containing plentiful deposits of lime ; inferior stratum joined to the pelliculose hypo- thallus ; capillitiuin strongly developed, containing angularly irre- gular, but not numerous, granules of lime. — litfki. Mon,, 134. 19. Fuligo varians. (Somntf.) Sporangia more or less closely interwoven, bark not always de- veloped ; walls of sporangia usually coloured ; capillitiuin strongly developed, containing (not numerous) granules of lime in ine- gular angular masses ; spores dull-violet, smooth, '0075-'01 mm. — Etfki. Mon., 134. 24 MYXOMYCETES. var. a. ecorticata, superficie gyrosa. ft. strata floccosa, corticatum. y. strato stipato, kevissimo corticatum. On various substances (figs. 97, 101, 104, and 106). Eponge, March, 427, t. 12 (1727). Mucilago cestiva, Mich., t. 96, f. 1(1729). Mucores, Gled, p. 138, p. 160 (1753;. Mucor unctuosus flavus, Huds. Fl. Aug. Mucor septicus, Link. Sp. PL, No. 1656 (1753) ; Fl. Dan., t. 778; Bolt., t. 134. Mucor primus ovatus, Schff., t. 192 (1763). Mucor terti'us, Schff., t. 194 (1763). Fuligo, Hall, No. 2133, 2134, 2135 (1768). Mucor muc Hay o, Scop. Fl. Cam., ii., 1638 (1772). Lycoperdon luteu?n, Schiv Fl. Bav , ii., 629 (1789). Reticularia carnosa, Bull., t. 424, f. 1 (1791). Eeticularia hortensis, Bull, t. 424, f. 2 (1791). Reticularia lutea, Bull., t. 380, f . 1 (1791). ' Fuligo septica, Gmel. Sys., 1466 (1791). Fuli go Candida, Pers. Obs., i., 154 (1796). Fuligo vaporaria, Pers. Obs., i., 155; Fl. Dan. t., 1,363, f. i. Fuligo flava, Pers. Disp., p. 8 (17?7). Fuligo rufa, Pers. Disp., p. 8 (1797). Fuligo pullida, Pers. Obs., ii., 36 (1799). Fuligo Icevis, Pers. Syn., p. 161 (1801). Fuligo violacea, Pers. Syn., 160 (1801) ; Ic. Pict., t. i. Reticularia septica, With. AIT., iv., 463 (1801) ; Purt., p. 703. Reticularia ovata, var. With. AIT., iv., 463 (1801). Fuligo flavescens, Schum. Saell., 1413 (1803). Fuligo cerea, Sow., t. 399 (1803). jEthalium flavum, Link. Diss., i., 42 (1809) ; Nees., f. 92 ; Grev. S. C. FL, t. 272. Fuligo cerebrina, Brondeau, p. 74, t. 3, f. 1-4 (1824). Fuligo varians, Somra. Fl. Lapp., p. 231 (1826). Reticularia vaporaria, Chev. FL Par., i., 342 (1827). JEthalium violaceum, Spr. Sys., iv., 533 (1827). jtEiihalium candidum, Schlecht. in Spr. Syst., iv., 533. JEthaiivm septicum, Fr. S. M., iii., 93 (1829), Cooke Hdbk., No. 1101, a. flavuin, b. cinnamomeum, c. rufum, d. violaceum. Fuligo carnosa, Duby. Bot. Gall., ii., 863 (1830). Fuligo hortensis, Duby. Bot. Gall., ii., 863 (1830). ^Ethalmm rufum, Wallr. Fl. Germ., 2097 (1833). sEthalium septicum, b. vaporarium, Rabh. FL Germ. 2133 (1844). JEihalium ferrincola, Schwz. Am., 2372 (1834). Reticularia rufa, Schwz. Am., 2377 (1834). Mthalium rufum, Alexandr., t. 11, f 6-11 (1872). jEthalium vaporarium, Fr. Berk, in Gard. Chron. (1860), p. 409 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1102. MYXOMYCETES. 25 Gemts 9. TRICH AMPHORA. (JungJi.) Sporangia splitting irregularly, with single wall, slightly contain- ing lime ; capillitiura of tubes equally wide from the bottom throughout their whole length, combined into a loose net, empty, or filled with air ; without columella, often stipitate. — Rtfki. 138. [No British representative.] Genus 10. BADHAMIA. Berk. Sporangia with single wall, splitting irregularly; capillitiuni uniformly grown to the wall of the sporangium, with numerous branches combined into an all-sided net, now and then with a distinct central columella, entirely filled throughout their length with small granules of lime. — Rtfki. Mon., 139. 20. Badhamia hyalina. (Pers.) Sporangia in clusters, always exactly globose, inflated, smooth, greyish-white, after the spores are expelled snow-white, either almost steniless or else with a stem of variable length, which is simple or fasciculate, branching, straw or rusty-yellow ; spores, from 5 to 20, slightly agglutinated together in a heap; single spores •01-'0125 mm., dull violet, with a thick membrane, spinulose; without columella, knots of capillitiuni very faintly developed. — Rtfki s Mon., 140. a. subsessilis. Stem short, disappearing, sporangium seem- ing to be sessile. ft, genuina. Stem 3-4 mm. long, usually rigid. y. gracilis. Stem elongated, more than 5 rnm. long, usually fasciculate, nodding, slender. On rotten wood. (Fig. 113.) Phi/sarum hyalinum, Pers. Disp., t. 2, f. 4 (1797) ; Eng. Flor., v., p. 315; Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 213. Physarum membranaceum, Schnm. Herb. Physarwn globitliferum, DC. in herb. Physarnm hyalinum a. albidum, A. & S., 256 (1805). Physarum cinereum, Link. Diss., i., 27 (1809). Physarum botryoidcs a. hyalinum, Fr. Stirp. p. 83 (1825). Physarum botrytis, Somm. (1826). Physarum gracile, Weinm. Herb. Physarum cancellatum, Wallr. Fl. Germ., 2128 (1833). Diderma papaverinum, Wallr. Fl. Germ., 2210 (J833). Badhamia hyalina, Berk. Linn. Trans., xxi., t. 19, f. 3 (1851), Cooke Handbook, No. 1143. Physarum gracilentum, Fckl. Syrn., 342 (1869), non Fries. 26 MYXOMYCETES. 21. Badhamia capsulifeara. (Hull.) Numerous sporangia seated side by side on a common hypo- thallus, sonic elevated on a very small stem; sporangia irregularly obovnte, greyish-white; now and then hemispherical, deformed, sessile, greyish or shining-yellow ; capillitium with the knots faintly developed; spores chill violet, -01 -'0125, with a thick spinulose membrane, from 5 to 20, slightly agglutinated together. — .Rtfki. Hon., 141. On decayed branches. Splicer ocarpus capsuttfer, Bull, t. 470, f. 2 (1791). Trichia capillifera, DC. Fl. Fr., 684 (1805). Phijsurum cap'suliferum, Chev. FI. Fr., i , 339 (1826). Btidhamia caps id if? rum, Beik. Linn. Trans., xxi , p. 153 (1851); 13. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1595 ; Urevillea, Vol. v., p. 12 (not Cooke). Badhamia nit ens, Berk. Linn. Trans., xxi., p. 153, t. 19, f. 1 (1851); Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 731 ; Cooke Handbook, No. U46. 22. Badhamia utxicularis. (Bull.) Sporangia more or less obovate, always coloured, opaque, or with a metallic lustre ; capillitium of large tubes combined into a loose net, knots strongly developed, veiy much flattened ; spores simple, dull-violet, spinulose, '01-'0125 mm. — Ktfki. Mon., 142. On rotten wood. (Figs. 110-112.) a. sessilis. Sporangium entirely without stem, wide base grown to the substratum, always standing side by side in little tufts, now and then even united, irregularly globose, much flattened, the surface slightly corrugated, livid-violet. /3. splendens. Sporangium very small, from 1 to ^ mm. wide, exactly globose or oblong, with a very short straw-coloured stem standing in company on a substratum, not clustered, either lilac or opaque sky-blue, or bronze or blackish -green, with metallic lustre. y. gemiina. Sporangium from f to 1 mm. wide, persistently ovate, stem even, shorter, or the length of the sporangium, slightly corrugated, livid-violet. S. Schimperiana. Sporangium persistently ovate, often elon- gated, quite smooth, bright-violet, with a metallic lustre, stems suspended, hanging down, straw-yellow, fasciculate through their length, 4 mm. long. MYXOMYCETES. 27 SpJicerocarpus utricularis, Bull, t. 417, f. 1 (1701). PJtysaruin ovoideum, Sell urn. Saell, 1425 (1803). Trichiautricularis,DC. Fl. Fr., 676 (1805). Pliysarum hynlinuni /3. chal^beum, A. & 8 , No. 256 (1805). rhysa-nnti botryoidcs p. chalybeus, Fr. IStirp., p. b3 (1825). Physartttii utiiculai e, Chev. Fl. Par., i., 337 (1826) ; Berk. Ann. Nat, Hist., 214. Physanuii ctfrufeacens, Pers. in litt. Physarum alutaceum, Wallr. Herb. Badhamia utricularis, Berk. Linn. Trans., xxi., p. 153 (1801) ; Cooke Handbook, No. 1147. Physarum melaleucum, NyL, p. 126 (1859). 23. Badhamia lilacina. (Fr.) Sporangia more or less exactly globose, sessile, smooth, opaque, bright lilac-flesh colour ; capillitiuni combined into a loose net, tubes of very variable diameter, in the centre very small but dis- tinct, formed into an irregular columella; spores violet, covered with numerous obtuse warts, scattered irregularly over the surface, •0125--0155 mm. diam. — Rtfki. Mon., 145. On decayed wood and bark. (Figs. 108, 109.) Physarum lilacimnn, Fries Sys. Myc., iii., p. 141 (1829) ; B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 215 ; Cooke Handbook, No. 1138. Badhamia lilacina, Rostfki. Mon. Myc., p. 145 (1875). 24. Badhamia fulvella. 1J. Sporangia gregarious, but not forming distinct patches, sessile, globose, blackish, invested with a delicate tawny pubescence, when the spores are expelled yellowish ; capillitiuni not coloured, tubes swollen; spores dark-violet, agglutinated in clusters, 'O^S-'OIS mm. — Linn. Trans., xxi., p. 154. On dead wood. Badhamia fulvella, Berk, in Linn. Trans., xxi. (1851), p. 154; Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 733 ; Cooke Handbook, No. 1144. Not included by Rostafinski in his Monograph, except amongst species which he had not seen. The same remark applies also to the two following species. 25. Badhamia pallida. B. Sporangia sessile, depressed, somewhat lenticular, crowded here and there in irregular groups, sometimes confluent, somewhat wrinkled, pallid-yellow, capillitiuni of yelknv-branched tubes, 28 MYXOMYCETES. attached to the inner wall, triangular at the angles, vrith a large central vesicle; spores large, with a granulated surface, •i)127-'02 mm., at first collected in clusters. — Btik. Linn. Trans., xxi.,p. 153. On decayed oak branches. Badhamia pallida, Berk. Linn. Trans., xxi., p. 153 (1851), t. 19, fig. 2 ; Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 732 ; Cooke Handbook, No. 1145. 25. Badhamia inaurata. Ctirr. coadnata. Sporangia gregarious, sessile, globose, or nearly so, bright- yellow, 1-25 mm. across, covered with floccose yellow scales, splitting by irregular fissures ; capillitium ? ; spores minutely rough, at first agglutinated in clusters, -01-'015 mm. — Linn. Trans., xxiv., p. 151. On Jungermannia. Badhamia inaurata, Currey in Linn. Trans., xxiv. (1851), t. 25, f. 8 ; Berk. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1034 ; Cooke Handbook, No. 1148. \_Badhamia fulvescens, Cooke in Grevillea, Vol. iv., p. 69, does not belong to this genus.] BADHAMXA. A. Spores smooth. f Upper walls of the gregarious spor- angia grown together into one head ff Sporangia always preserving the sim- ple form. * Capillitium strongly developed, rigid, sporangia usually pro- vided with a colurnella. Spores 'OOO-'OllG mm. diam. . ** Capillitium evanescent; sporangia without columella. Spores '0125 mm. diam. B. Spores spinulose. t Spines irregularly dispersed over the membrane of the spores. * Sporangia lilac-flesh coloured. Spines equally distributed. * Vein-like plasmodiocarp. ** Sporangia simple. •) Spores crowded in little heaps ; sporangia exactly globose, in- flated ..... HYALINA. Sporangia of irregular form . CAPSULIFERA. pamcea. verna. LILACIXA. A lexa n dro wiczii. MYXOMYCETKS. 29 •) •) Spores single, free. ! Sporangium beautifully irides- cent, violet. Spores -0125 mm. . . UTEICDLARIS. ! ! Sporangia grey or white ; Spores -01J6--014S mm. . macrocarpa. Spores -0125-'015 mm. . ajfinis. It will be observed that three British species are not included in this artificial key. Genus 11. SCYPHIUM. R. Sporangia with a single wall, splitting with a deciduous lid, with the margin slightly lacerated ; capillitium uniformly grown to the walls of the sporangium, its numerous branches combined into an all-sided net, throughout their whole length filled with small granules of lime ; columella either originating with the capillitium or prolonged directly from the stem. — Rtfki. lUon., 148. 27. Scyphium rubiginosum. (Chev.) Sporangia globoso-tuibinate, together with the thin stem which is twice as long as the sporangium, red-brown, smooth, slightly shining; columella distinct, cylindrical, stout, dark, being a direct prolongation of the stem ; capillitium strongly developed, whitish; sporangium dehiscing by a delicate deciduous lid ; spores dark- violet, slightly warted, -OJ4--0148 mm. — Rtj ki. J/OH., 148. On trunks amongst moss. (Fig. 115.) Pliysarwn rubiginosum, Chev. Fl. Par., 338 (1826) ; Eng. Fl., v. 315; Cooke Hdbk., iSo. 1137. Family 4. DIDYMIACE.E. Wall of sporangia single or double, containing lime in the form of crystals, groups of crystals, or single amorphous grains of lime, compacted now and then into a crustaceous mass ; capillitium usually of threads, rarely of tubes, always thin, either violet-colour or uncoloured, equally thick through their entire length ; threads extending from the base of the sporangium, or from the columella to the walls ; either frequently simple, or with a few branches originating at a sharp angle combined into a net ; either smooth or provided with equally coloured thickenings, varying according to the species, but of the same substance ; granules of lime make their appearance only exceptionally in the threads in certain spo- rangia, as a.kind of nionstrucity, and then always in the shape of small crystals ; columella in the greater number of instances strongly developed, shape very diverse, and of very different capacity. In the sessile forms either the much thickened lower part of the sporangium at the base furnished very much throughout SO MYXOMYCETE9. with lime, or more rarely central, free, thin-walled vesicles, filled with lime. In the stipitate forms the colnmella is either a vari- ously-shaped prolongation of the stem, penetrating into the interior of the sporangium, or the colurnella consists of a vesicle separated from the sporangium and tube of the stem by a peculiar membrane. Vesicle sometimes divided into numerous cells filled with lumps, or crystals of lime ; sporangia simple, rarely sethaliam or plasrno- diocarp. — Rtfki. Mon., 150. 6fen»sl2. DIDYMIUItt. Schrad. Walls of sporangia single or double, outer wall covered with crystals of lime, either scattered singly over the surface, or com- pacted into a crustaceous separable coating ; sporangia sessile or stipitate, without or with a colnmella, always splitting irregularly, now and then plasmodiocarpous. — Rtfki. Mon., 1GO. Sub-Gen. 1. Serpularia. Plasmodiocarp with single or double walls. 28. Didymium complanatum. (Bat.) Plasmodiocarp either cushion-like, flattened, scattered, or else vein-like, creeping, now and then combined into an irregular net- work ; surface covered with grey, but not numerous, crystals ; capillitium of very thin threads combined into a dense net, remain- ing behind in connection with peculiar large cells ; spores bright- violet, nearly smooth, -0075-'008 mm. diam. — Rtfki. Mon., 151. On leaves, &c. (Figs. 166. 180.) Lijcoperdon complanntum, Batsch., t. 170 (1786). Didymium serpula, Fr. S. M , iii., 126 (1829) ; Eng. Fl. v., 314; B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist,, No. 1035 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1134. Physarwn confluens, Fckl. Sym. Myc., p. 342 (1869), non Pers. Sub-Gen. 2. Cionivm. Sporangia with single-wall, columella, or, when this is absent, the stem black, more rarely rusty-coloured. 29. Didymium clavus. A. 4- S. Sporangia hat-shaped, flattened, convex, plane at the base, grey- ish-white, without colnmella, stipitate; stem short, blackish-brown, shining, seemingly smooth, erect ; capillitium of simple threads, or rarely furcate, fusiform, bright-brownish, uncoloured at both ends ; spores bright-violet, smooth, 'OOG5--0083 mm. — Rtjki. Mon., 153. On various substances. Reticularia liemispherica, Bull., t. 446, f. 2 )1791). Plnjsarum clavus, A. & S., t. 2, f. 2 (1805). JIYXOMYCETE6. o Didymimn melanopus /3 chivus, Fr. S. M., iii., 114 (1829) ; B. & Br. Ann N. H., No. 110; Cooke Hbk., No. 1118,/3. Dn/i/iniiun hemisphericiim, Wallr. Fl. Genii., 2192 (1833). Didymium clavus, Rabh. Fl. Crypt., 2282 (184-1). 39. Didymium farixiaceum. Sehrad. Sporangia hemispherical or a little flattened, decidedly umbilicate at the base, greyish -white (in the form without lime, black and shining), stipitate ; stem rigid, black, shining, or exceptionally ferruginous-brown, usually equal in length to the sporangium, or longer, or shorter and disappearing, being concealed in the umbili- cus of the sporangium ; columella large, hemispherical, black, of large cells proper to itself, the numerous folds of the membrane imperfect y dividing the cells ; cells irregularly filled with small granules of lime, collected in lumps ; capillitium of simple threads, permanent, se i pen tine, bright-brown; spores dull-violet, very spi- nulose, '01- 0125 mm. — Lltfkl. Mon., 154. On dead leaves, twigs, &c. (Figs. 128, 171, 174.) a. genuinum. Stem black, shining, equal in length to the porangiuni, or half as much longer. (2) rufipes. (Stem rust j -brown. (3. elongatum. Stem three times the length of the sporangium. y. subsessile. Stem short, disappearing, concealed in the umbi- licus of the sporangium. (2) confluens. Sporangia confluent in a series. S. nigxum. Form entirely without lime, hence with the surface deformed, shining black, stem hidden in the umbilicus, with the cells of the substratum also without lime. Spliocrocepl talus niycr, Hall, t. 1, f. 2 (1742). Trichia, Hall, No. 2160, t. 4«, f. 2 (1768). Mucor sph&rocephalos, Batsch., p. 157 (1783). Clatlirus sphcei ocephalos.) Rehl. (1786). Tricllia globosa, Vill. Fl. Dauph., 1061 (1789). Reticularia hemispherica, Bull. t. 446, f. 1 (1791). Trichia compressa, Trent, p. 229 (1797). Tricliia sphcerica, Trent, p. 230 (1797). Tiichia depressa, Trent, p. 231 (1797). Phyzarum melanospermum, Pers. Disp., p. 8 (1797). Didymium J a tin act um^ ISclnad., t. 3, f. 6 (1797) ; Eng. Fl. v. 313; Cooke.Hdbk., No. 1123 ; Fungi Brit ii., 521. Tricllia splice roccphala, Sow. t. 240 (1799). Tiicftia Jaiinacea, Poir. 1 ncy. viii., 53. Physarum farinaceum, Pers. Syn., 174 (1801). Physarum cinerascens, Schuni. Saell., 1426 (1803). 32 MYXOMYCETES. Physarum depressum, Schum. Saell., 1439 (1803). Physarum globosum, Schum. Saell., 1442 (1803). Physarum oxyacanthce, Schum, Saell., 1427 (1803.) Physarum cinereum, multis ? Physarum clavus, Link. Dis., i., 27 (1809). Physarum sinuosum, Link. Dis., i., 27 (1809). Physarum capitatum, Link. Dis., i., 27 (1809). Diderma muscicola, Link. Dis., i., 27 (1809). Didymium capitatum, Link. Dis., iii., 27 (1816). Didymium lobatum, Nees, f. 104 (1817) ; Cooke Hdbk., No 1129. Didymium physarioides, Klotsch. Strongylium minor, Fr. Gast., p. 9 (1817). Physarum melanopus, Fr. Gast., p. 23 (1817). Cionium lobatum, Spr. Sys. iv., 529 (1827). Didymium marginatum, Fr. S. M., iii., 116 (1829). Didymium melanopus, Fr. S. M., iii., 114 (1829) ; Berk. Ann. N.H., No. 382 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1118. Didymium hemisphcericum, Fr. S. M., iii., 115 (1829). Physarum nig mm, Fr. S. M., iii., 146 (1829) ; B. & Br. Ann. N. H., No. 1598 ; Grevillea, v., p. 12. Cio niuiT' farina ce urn, Link. Hbk., iii., 416 (1833). Didymium filamentosum, Wallr., 2187 (1833). 31. Didymium microcarpon. (Fr.) Sporangia exactly globose, with numerous crystals covering the walls, snow-white, as if covered with hoar frost ; umbilicate, stipitate, with the very delicate stem impressed at the base ; stem usually twice the length of the sporangium, delicately striate, erect, either black and shining, or ferruginous- orange ; columella distinct, globose, in some individuals forming a many- celled chamber with pseudo-cells filled with crystals of lime ; capillitium of bright-violet threads, rarely branched, combined into a loose net; spores bright-violet, nearly smooth, '0058- '0065 mm. diam. — Etfki. Mon., p. 157. On rotten wood, dead leaves, &c. (Figs. 133, 177.) Lycoperdon stipitatum, Retz. Vet. Ac. Handl. (1769). Trichia hemisph erica, Trent., p. 228 (1797). Physarum nigripes, Lk. Diss., i., 27 (1809) ; Ditm., t. 42. Trichia alba', Purt. Mid. FL, iii., 1113 (1817). Cionium xanthopus, Ditm., t. 43 (1817). Cionium iridis, Ditm., t. 7 (1817); Nees, f. 106. Physarum microcarpon, Fr. Gast., p. 23 (1818). Didymium loba'um /3 stipitatum, Somm. Fl. Lapp, 210 (1825). Didymium nigripes, Fr. S. M., iii., 119 (1829 J; Eng. FL, v., 313; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1124. Didymium xanthopus, Fr. S. M., iii., 120 (1829) ; Berk. Ann. N. H., No. Ill ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1126. q MYXOMYCETES. 3 Didymium iridis, Fr. S. M., iii., 120 (1829). Didt/miutn micfocephahun, Chev. Byss. f. 11 (1837). Didymium mehmopus, Wallr. Fl. Germ., 2184 (1837). Didymium Wallrotlui ', Rabh. Fl. Crypt., 2289 (1844). Didymium porphyropus, DR. & M., Fl. Alg., 409 (1846). 32. Didymium physarioides. (Po-s.) Sporangia not numerous, cylindrical, flattened, crowded together upon a common strongly-developed substratum, as it were combined altogether into one ; sporangia irregularly hemispherical, difforrned, either without a stem, or with a very short stem attached to the substratum ; columella large, common to all the sporangia, form- ing a chamber divided into pseudo-cells, filled with irregular gang- lions composed of small granules of lime ; capillitmni of stout threads, usually simple, only rarely branched, furnished with numerous fusiform dull-violet swellings ; spores dull-violet, with a thick membrane, very spinulose, -012--014 mm. — Rtfki. Mon.s 153. On stumps, moss, &c. (Figs. 147, 175.) Spumaria physarioides. Pers. Sym., 163 (1809). Didymium pli ysarioides, Fr. Gas\, 21 (1817) ; Eng. Fl., v., 314 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1132. 33. Didymium sinapinum. Cooke. Sporangia clavate or cylindrical, attenuated at the base, standing on a membranaceous hypothallus, sometimes singly, more usually in small clusters, nearly black below, farinaceous and sulphury- yellow above, as if sprinkled with mustard powder; columella not evident ; capillitiurn very scanty, of thin threads, which are somr-- times entirely absent; external scales of the sporangium contain- ing yellow granules of lime ; spores violet, -0075 mm. diarn., nearly smooth. On dead leaves. (Fig. 245.) A very curious, distinct, and apparently undescribed species, which we have only met with once, at Forden. Sub-Genus 3. Acioniscium. "Walls of sporangia single or double ; columella snow-white or brownish-white, as also the stem when present. 34. Didymium squamulosum. A. % S. Sporangia either hemispherical and flattened, or exactly globose, always with the stem slightly umbilicate at the base ; stem snow- white, entering within the sporangium, and expanding into a glo- D 34 MYXOMYCETES. bose snow-white columella ; Lower wall of sporangium and colu- mella smooth, upper part when mature split into simple oval scales; threads of capillitiuni thin- sided, without colour, spreading out from the columella into numerous branches at a very sharp angle ; spores bright violet, almost smooth, -0083-'01 mm. — Rtfki. Mon., 159. On wood, dead leaves, &c. (Fig. 148.) var. a. genuinum. Sporangium reaching 1 mm. broad, hemispherical, flattened at the base, and umbilicate, stem equal in length to the sporangium, slightly longitudinally furrowed ; columella distinct, globose, snow-white, upper membrane of sporan- gium cracked when mature, with numerous oval scales, threads of capillitiuni uncoloured. p leucopus. Sporangium -^— \ mm. broad, exactly globose, faintly um- bilicate at the base, or not umbilicate; stem short, sturdy, much furrowed longitudinally, membrane of sporangium when mature not cracked, with simple scales; threads of capillitiuni uncoloured. y costatum. Sporangium irregularly hemispherical or lenticularly flat- tened, seemingly sessile, the short stem disappearing, very much longitudinally plicate, wide at the base, grown to the substratum ; membrane of the sporangium when mature not cracked, with simple scales ; threads of capillitiuni uncoloured. ti Plasmodiocarp flattened, veined, without columella, and with- out stem. Reticularia hemispherica, Bull., p. 93 (1791). Diderma squamulosum, A. & S., t. 4, f. 5 (1805). Didymiwn globosum, v. stipitatum, Schwarz. Ac. Holm., p. 114 (1815). Licea stipitata, DC. Fl. Fr., No. 670 (1815). Tubulina pedicellata, Poir. Ency., v., p. 373. Cionium farinaceum, Nees., f. 106 b. (1816). Cionium squamulosum, Spr. Sys., iv., 028 (1827). Didyminm herbarum, Fr. S. M., iii,, 120 (1829). Didymium leucopus, Fr. S. M., iii., 121 (1829J ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1127. Didymium costatwn, Fr. S. M., iii., 118 (1829). Physarum liceoides, Duby. Bot. Gall., ii., 864 (1830). Didymium filamentosum, VVallr. Fl. Ger., No. 2!187 (1833). Didymiwn squamulosiun, Fr. S. M., iii., 118; Eng. FL, v. 312; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1122. MYXOMYCETES. 35 35. Didymiuxn daedaleum. B. $ Br. Sporangia connate, sinuated, forming a drcdalioid mass of the same colour as the stem, but sprinkled with white meal ; sterns reddish-brown, inclining to orange, connate, as if composed of a mass of little flat membranes ; capillitium white, very variable in width, being in parts broad, flat, and membraneous ; spores violet- black, globose, smooth. — B. $ Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No, 385 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1131. In a cucumber frame. 36. XHdymium pertusum. J>, ,0 Br. Scattered. Sporangia white, mealy, depresso-globose, deeply but narrowly umbilicate ; stem attenuated upwards, rufous ; columella central, white ; capillitium brownish ; spores nearly black. — Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 313 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1125. On dead herbaceous stems. \_~Didymium Sowerbeii, Berk. Eng. Fl., v., 313 ; Sow. t. 412, f. 3 ; Cooke Handbk., No. 1128, is so imperfectly known that it is not included here.] DIDTMIUM. A. Wall single or double ; columella entirely wanting ; plasmodiocarpia. Plasmodiocarp with double wall ; ca- pillitium with coloured cells Plasmodiocarp with single wall ; ca- pillitium relatively permanent, with large coloured cells B. Wall single or double; columella developed in the typical forms ; sporangia usually simple, rarely plasmodiocarpia. I. Usually with columella, but when absent the stem at least black or brown-black. •f Without columella |f With columella. * One columella common to many sporangia dubium. COMPLANATUM. CLAVUS. PHYSARIOIDES. Each sporangium provided with a separate columella. Columella hemispherical, many celled ; cells filled with small grains, or lumps of lime Columella globose, many celled ; cells filled with small crys- tals of lime FARINACEUM. MICROCARPON. 36 MYXOMYCETES. II. Columella usually snow-white, rarely straw or flesh-coloured, with similar stem. •j- Wall of sporangium double . •j-j Wall of sporangium single. * Sporangium sessile. Spores very spinulose, large ; columella usually coloured ; capillitiurn fasciculate Spores almost smooth, smaller ; columella usually snow- white ; capillitium combined into a net Sporangium stipitate. ! Columella globose. Lower wall of sporangium fit- ing close to the smooth columella ; capillitium of simple threads . Lower wall of sporangium not close to the convex colu- mella, which has numerous rough projections from which rise bundles of the threads of the capillitium . ! Columella discoid, or arcuate at the edge, and bent down- wards ; capillitium without colour .... Capillitium coloured brown . prcecox. confluens. effuswn. SQUAMDLOSUM. FucTcelianwn. macrospermum. discoideum. Genus 13. CHONDRIODERMA. Ittflti. Peridium sessile or stipitate, splitting irregularly, or in a stellate manner ; wall of peridium single or double ; outer wall covered with shapeless granules of lime, or crustaceous by their accumulation, separated from the inner one (when present) by a considerable space filled with air ; inner wall delicate, containing no lime, iridescent ; columella usually present. — Rtfki. Mon., p. 167. Sub -Genus 1. Monoderma. Wall of sporangium single, covered on the outside with granules of lime in one stratum. This sub genus includes — Ch. Alexandrowiczii. Ch. pezizoides. Ch. injiatwn. Ch. reticulatum. None of which are British. MYXOMYCETES. 37 Sub-Genns 2. Pseudo-didenna. Wall of sporangium single, covered on the outside with masses of grains of lime, often falling away in patches. 37. Chondrioderma iiiveum. Ifffki. Sporangia exactly hemispherical, or by mutual pressure less regular, from 2-3 mm. wide; sessile, snow-white, with very thick walls ; colnmella large, regular, little flattened, rusty-brown ; capillitium. strongly developed, of stout, stiff, simple threads, with only a few expansions in the upper portion, dull violet ; spores dark violet, warted, 'Ol-'OHG mm. diani. — Rtfki. Mon., 170. Chondrioderma niveum, Rtfki. Mon., pp. 170 (1875) ; Berk. & Br. Ann. N. Hist., No. 1594 ; Grevillea, v., p. 12. 38. Chondrioderma physarioides. (DC.} Sporangia sessile, of irregular form, roundish, 1-3 mm. diam., convex, or slightly flattened, with the sides mutually compressed, chalky-white ; the wall crustaceous with deposits of lime ; colu- mella not evident, or very insignificant, entirely flat, dull ochre ; capillitium of very thin, delicate, uncoloured threads combined into a flimsy net ; spores violet, scarcely warted, -0125 mm. diam. — Rtfki. Mon., 170. Spwnaria pliysariodes, DC. Fl. Fr., vi., p. 101, not Pers. Diderma deplanatum, Fr. S. M., iii., p. 110; Eng. FL, v., 312; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1116. Lcocarpus deplanatus, Fr. S. V. S., 450. 39. Chondrioderma Michelii. (Lib.} Sporangia lenticular, snow-white, with a crust-like deposit of lime, which falls away, either sessile or stipitate; stem ochrey- white, with very plicate walls, the folds extending also to the lower side wall of the sporangium, and there uniting in radiating, net-like, convex thickenings ; colurnella in the sessile form lenti- cular, convex, red -brown ; in the stipitate form more plane, separated from the tubes of the stem by a proper wall ; threads of the capillitium serpentine, colourless, very thin, rarely only furcate, combined into a loose net ; spores bright violet, smooth, •0083 mm. In the sessile form readily blending two, or from three to five together. On dead twigs, &c. (Figs. 131, 146, 149, 150.) a. stipitatum. Sporangia discoid, with the edge on the lower side rounded ; stem rigid, puckered, the folds extending in the form of reticulated convex veins along the under side ; columella insignificant, almost plane, fleshy-red. 38 MYXOMYCETES. (3. sessile. Sporangia discoid or lenticular, flattened, sessile with- out stem ; colurnella usually convex, flesh-red, or flesh-brown. Very readily confluent. Diderma contortion, Hoffm., t. 9, f. 2a (1795). Eeticularia contorta, Poir. Ency., vi., 182. Beticularia hemispherica, Sow., t. 12 (1797). Physarwn depression, Schum. Saell., No. 1439 (1803) ,• Fl. Dan., t. 1972, f. 2. Diderma pliysarioi des, Scharn. Herb. Diderma depression, Fr. S. M., iii., 108 (1829). Diderma lenticulare, Wallr. Herb. Didymium Michelii, Lib. Exs., ii., 180 (1832). Didymium hemisphericum, Berk. Eng. FL, v., p. 312 (1836) ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1119. Physarwn Michelii, Corda. Ic., v., f. 33 (1842). Chondrioderma Michelii) Rostfki. in Fckl. Sym. Myc., Nach. 2, p. 74. (1873). 40. Chondxioderma spumaxioides. (//'.) Sporangia irregular in form, either snow-white on concolorous, or greyish on flesh colour, always standing in clusters on a strongly developed hypothallus ; columella either not recognisable or snow- white, free in the centre, or multiform, flesh colour ; capillitiuin of colourless threads or bright violet, combined into a net ; spores violet, very spinulose, '0083--0137 diam. — Rtfki. Mon., 174. On leaves, moss, &c. (Figs. 142, 145, 151.) a. caxcexina. Sporangia very small, \-\ mm. diam., snow-white, the surface farinaceous, gregarious, narrowed, standing on a whitish or rusty hypothallus, containing deposits of lime ; columella either not evident, or central, vesicular, white. Here belongs the form which contains a large quantity of lime. Form of the sporangia globose, or mutually compressed, and narrowed at the base, which is extended into a very short stem. (Figs. 142-145.) /3. didexmoides. Sporangia irregularly angular, flattened, \-^ mm. diam., grey, surface smooth, gregarious, standing on an ochrey or flesh-red strongly developed hypothallus ; colum- ella variously developed, always, however, flesh-red at the base. (Fig. 151.) Spumaria physarioides, Pers. Syn., 163 (1801). Physarwn didermoides, Fries Herb. Spumaria alba, Schum. Saell., No. 1414 (1803) ; Fl. Dan., t. 1798, f. 2. Didymium spumarioides, Fr. Gast. 20 (181S). MYXOMYCETES. 39 Physarvm stromateum, Link. Hdbk., iii., 409 (1833). Carcerina spumarioides, Fr. 8. V. S., 451 (1849). Diderma spumarioides, Fr. S. M., iii., p. 104; Eng. FL, v., p. 311 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1109. Sub-Genus 3. Diderma. Sporangia with double walls, the outer containing lime, deve- loped in a crustaceous manner, considerably divided from the thin inner wall, which is without lime, and often iridescent. — Rtfki. .j 177. 41. Chondxiodexma differ me. (Pers.) Sporangia sessile, roundish, deformed, outer wall crustaceous, chalky-white, inner either opaque or beautifully iridescent, without columella or capillitium, or with a scarcely evident capillitium ; spores dark-violet, smooth, -01-'0125 mm. diam. — Rtfki. Mm., 177. On bark, leaves, twigs, herbaceous stems, &c. (Figs. 137, 164, 165.) * Reticularia angulata, Pers., in Gmel., p. 1472 (1791). Diderma difforme, Pers. Disp. p. 9 (1797) ; Icon. Pict., t. 12, f. 3-5 ; Nees, f. 105. Licea ccesia, Schum. Saell, 1500 (1803). Physar-um difforme, Link. Dis., i., 27 (1809). Amphisporium versicolor, Fr. Gast. 19 (1818). Licea alba, Nees, in Kze. Myk. Hft., ii., 66 (1823). Lycogala minutum, Grev. S. C., Fl. t. 40 (1823). Reticularia pusilla, Fr. Orb. Vet,, i., 147 (1825). Diderma cyanescens, Fr. S. M., iii., 109 (1829) ; Eng. Fl., v., p. 312 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1115. Plrysarum ccesiwn, Fr. S. M., iii., 147 (1829). Physarum album, Fr. S. M., iii., 147 [1829J ; Letell., t., 710, f. 4 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1140. Didymium difforme, Duby. Bot. Gall., ii., 858 (1830). Diderma nitens, Klotsch., in Hook. Herb.; Eng. Fl. v., p. 312 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1113. Diderma Neesii, Corda Ic., ii., f. 58 (1838). Leocarpiis cyanescens, Fr. S. V. S., 450 (1849). Leocarpus nitens, Fr. S. V. S., 450 (1849). Dideima Libertianum, Fres. Beit., t. iv., f. 16-27 (1850). Didymium Libertianum, DeBary Mycetozoa (1864). 42. Chondxioderma globosum. (Pers.) Sporangia globose, with a narrow base en the substratum, or very strongly developed, containing very much lime, seated upon a chalky-white hypothallus; outer wall crustaceous, chalky-white, inner wall almost cinereous or beautifully iridescent ; columella 40 MYXOMYCETES. usually very small, globose, or ellipsoid, chalky-white; capillitium bright-violet, combined into a thick net ; spores dull-violet, faintly spinulose, -0083 mm. diam. — Rtfki. Mon., 180. On dead leaves. (Fig. 138.) Mucilago 7, Mich., t. 96, f. 6 (1729). Lycogala, Hall, No. 2143 (1763). Reticularia sphceroidalis, Bull., 446, f. 2 (1791). Diderma globosum, Pers. Disp., t. 1, f. 4, 5 (1797) ; Eng. Fl., v.; p. 312 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1114. Didymium candid-urn , Schrad. Nov. Gen., 25 (1797). Didymiwn globosum, Chev. Fl. Par., t. 9, f. 28 (1827). Physarwn sphceroides, Chev. Fl. Par., 339 (1827). Cionium globosum, Spr. iv., 529 (1827). Sub- Genus 4. Leangium. Wall of sporangium single, crustaceous, very much loosened from the inner mass of spores and capillitium, the latter often covered by a single stratum of flattened, polygonal, angular, close- fitting spores ; sporangium often splitting in a stellate manner. 43. Chondriodexma Trevelyani. (Grev.} Sporangia ovate or globose, sessile, splitting in a stellate manner into numerous, regular, linear, somewhat reflexed, pointed lacinise ; columella very small, globose ; capillitium ?; spores, ? —Rtfki. Mon., 182. On Bryum ligulatum. (Figs. 161-163.) Leangium Trevelyani, Grev., S. C., Fl. t. 132 (1825). Cionium Trevelyani, Spr. Sys., iv., 529 (1827). Diderma Trevelyani, Fr. S. M., iii, 105 (1829) ; Eng. Fl., v., 311 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1111. Polyschismium Trevelyani, Corda Ic., v., p. 20 (1842). 44. Chondrioderma radiatum. (Linn.) Sporangia roundish or lenticular, flattened, almost sessile, or with a stiff, erect, upwards thickened stem, umbilicate below, brown- white, when mature splitting, in a stellate manner, into from four to eight unequal but regular divisions ; columella always distinct, either globose or ovate ; threads of the capillitium violet, either simple or fasciculate, expanded above here and there in globose swellings ; spores violet, spinulose, -0092--0125 mm. diam. — Rtjki. Man., 182. On bark of trees, &c. (Figs. 155, 156, 152, 153 and 170.) MYXOMYCETES. 41 Lycoperdon radiatum, Linn, sp., 1654 (1753). Didymium stellare, Schrad., t. 5, f. 3-4 (1797). Diderma stellare, Pers. Syn., 164 (1801). Diderma umbilicatum, Pers. Sjn., 165 (1801) ; Eng. Fl., v. 310; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1106. Diderma crassipes, Schnm. Saell., 1421 (1803). Reticularia umbilicata, Poir. Ency. Didymium geaster, lank. Diss., ii., 4-2 (1809). Leangium stellare, Link. Diss., ii., 42 (1809). Cionimn stellare, Spr. Sys., iv., 529 (1827). Cionium umbilicatum, Spr. Sys., iv.. 529 (1827). Leangium umbilicatum, Rabh. Fl. Crypt., 285 (1844), Didymium complanatum, Fckl. Sym. Myc., 341 (1869). 45. Choiidrioderma floriforme. (L'//H.) Sporangia globose, stipitate, with an elongated stem, very much crowded on a strongly -developed hypothallus, bright-brown, split- ting when mature in a stellate manner in irregular divisions cut to the base; columella at the first ovate, stipitate, bright-brown; capillitium of violet threads combined into a net, provided with numerous irregular thickenings ; spores dull-violet, rarely spinu- lose, '01--0125 mm.—Rtfki. Hon., 184. On decaying trunks, &c. Splicer ocarpus floriformis, Bull., t. 371 (1791). Stemonitis floriformiS) Gmel. Sys., 1469 (1791). Ly coper don floriforme, With. AIT., iv., 379 (1792). Reticularia floriformis, Poir. Ency. Didymium floriforme, Schrad., N. G., 25 (1797). Diderma floriforme, Pers. Syn., 164(1801), Fr. S. M., iii., p. 99 j Berk. Eng. Fl., v., 310; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1105. Diderma spurium, Schum. Saell., 1422, (1803 J. Leangium floriforme, Link. Diss., t. iii. (1809). Leangium lepidotnm, Ditm., t. 21 (1817). Cionium lepidotum, Spr. Sys. iv., 529 (1827). Cionium floriforme, Spr. Sys. iv., 529 (1827). Diderma lepidotum, Fr. S. M., iii., 100 (1829). 46. Chondriodezma (Erstedtii. Etfki. Sporangia, together with the stern pyriform, brownish-white, wholly without columella ; when mature splitting stellately into lour or six irregular lacinia?, cut to the base ; decorated with glis- tening glassy warts ; capillitium of violet threads combined into a close net ; spores bright-violet, delicate, rarely spinulose, -0116- •0132 mm.—Rtfki. Mon., 184. (Figs. 154, 157.) Chondrioderma (Erstedtii, Rtfki. ~Mon,, p. 184 ; Berk. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., 1593 ; Grevillea, v., p. 12. 42 MYXOMYCETES. 47. Chondriodeirma luciduxn. (B. 8f Br.) Sporangia subglobose, sessile, either scattered or crowded, split- ting in an irregular stellate manner, bright reddish-yellow, inter- nally yellow, mass of spores globose ; capillitium brown, irregular at the points of ramification, yellowish ; spores globose, violet- black, '0125 mm. diarn., minutely echinulate. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 938. On moss and Jungermaunia. Didcrma lucidum, B. & Br. in Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 938, t. 15, f. 9; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1110. This and the following species are not contained in Rostafinski's Monograph. 48. Chondrioderma Cazmichaeliamim. (B.} Sporangia perfectly sessile, outer wall brick-red, inner white, intimately connected with the outer, splitting into many revolute rays ; columella large, spores dark. — Eng. Fl., v., p. 34. On moss. Diderma CarmichcElianum, Berk. Eng. Fl., v., p. 34 ; Cooke Hdbk., 1112. CHONDRIOUERMA. I. Walls of sporangia single, with the lime either in grains or crustaceous deposits. (Monoderma.} A. Plasmodiocarp. Vein-like, convex, columella large . anomalum. Net-like, flattened, -without columella . reticulatum. B. Sporangia simple. | \\ alls simply covered with granules of lime ; form irregular, without colu- mella ...... Alexandrowiezii. Hemispherical, with large columella . NIVEUM. Wall crustaceous. * With out columella . . . PHYSARIOIDES. ** With columella. Sporangia sessile or stipitate, dis- coid, margin of sporangium after posing the spores, saucer- shaped. MICHELII. Sporangia much crowded on a strongly-developed hypothallus . SPUMARIOIDES: Sporangia exactly globose, with columella ..... fallax. Sporangia of irregular form . Friesianum. MYXOMYCETES. 43 II. Wall of sporangium double, the outer much separated from the inner A. Capillitium almost non-existent B. Capillitium from the bottom to the top many times branched, fasciculate . C. Capillitium combined into a net. | Threads provided with numerous hook- like thickenings .... |f Capillitium without such thickenings. Sporangia globose, chalky-white, with concolorous columella Sporangia hemispherical, reddish flesh colour, with concolorous columella . Sporangia globose, leather-coloured, columella rilled with crystals of lime III. "Wall of sporangium single, but much sepa- rated from the inner naked mass of spores and Capillitium A Sporangia provided with a columella, split- ting in a stellate manner, the divisions much crowded, reflexed, equal, sharp pointed ...... Divisions not numerous (4 to 8) ; spo- rangia lenticular, either sessile or stipitate ...... Divisions not numerous and irregular ; sporangia exactly globose, with an elongated stem . Without columella. Splitting in a stellate manner, divisions not numerous, provided with glassy shining warts . . Splitting either irregularly, or with a central opening, or a fissure longitudinal DIFFORME. Sauteri. calcareum. GLOBOSUM. iestaceum. vaccinum. (Leangium.} TREVELYANI. RADIATUM. FLORIFORME. (ERSTEDTII. Stalilii. [This table was printed by Rostafinski previous to the proposal of the sub-genus Pseudo-diderma, and was not altered in conformity therewith, hence it scarcely corresponds in some details with the arrangement of the species, but we have not deemed it prudent to make any emendations.] Genus 14. LEPIDODERIVIA. Deltary. Sporangium sessile or stipitate, now and then plasmodiocarp ; walls single, covered with numerous very large scales, compounded of a small quantity of its substance, combined with a large quantity of lime; scales either loose from the wall, or enclosed in lenti- cular cavities of the membrane ; columella usually evident. — Rtfki. 187. 44 MYXOMYCETES. 49. Lepidoderma tigrinum. Sporangia hemispherical, flattened, or lenticular, black, varie- gated with vitreous straw-coloured scales, strongly umbilicate beneath, stipitate ; stem rigid, thick, reddish ferruginous, either tall, equal in thickness, or short, imperceptibly widened above ; columella brown, either hemispherical, convex, or almost globose; threads of the capillitium simple, dull-violet, without thickenings ; spores dull-violet, very spinulose, -01-P0125 mm. diam. — Rtfki. Hon., 187. On decayed wood, moss, &c. (Fig. 159, 160.) Didymium tigrinwn, Schrad., t. 6, f. 2-3 (1797) ; B. & Br. N. H., No. 383; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1121. Physarum tigrinwn, Pers. Syn., 174 (1801) ; Fl. Dan., t. 1434, f. 2. Physarum pquamulosum, Pers. Syn., 174 (1801). Tricliia tigrina, Poir, Ency., viii., 53. Tri chia squamulosa,lPoir. Ency., viii., 53. Cionium tigrinwn, Lk. Hdbk., iii., 410 (1833). Didymium rufipes, Fr. S. M., iii., 116 (1829). Leangium squamulosum, Fr. Stirp. Femsj., 13 (1825). t Family 5. SPUMARIACEJI;. ^Ethalium or sporangium provided with a central columella; capillitium extending in a radial manner from the columella to the walls of the sporangium, the threads combined into a net, with polygonal meshes. — Rtjki. Mon., 189. Genus 15. DXACHJEA. Fr. Sporangium stipitate ; stem prolonged within the sporangium as a columella, and, together with it, filled with small granules of lime; capillitium of threads extending from the rigid columella to the wall of the sporangium, becoming thinner and thinner, com- bined into a thick net. — Etjki. Mon., 190. 50. Diachaea leucopoda. (Bull.) Sporangia cylindrical, obtuse, stipitate; stem short, thickened at the base, snow-white, prolonged within the sporangium into a cylindrical, obtuse, not reaching the apex, snow-white columella ; threads of the capillitium whitish, thin ; spores translucent, violet, beautifully iridescent. — Rtfki. Mon., 190. On leaves, &c. (Fig. 178.) TricJiia leucopoda, Bull, t. 502, f. 2 (1791). Stemonitis elegans, Trent, in Roth Cat., 2iO (1797). Stemonitis leucostyla, Pers. Syn., 186 (1801). MYXOMYCETES. 45 Stemonilis leucopoda, DC. Fl. Fr., ii., 257 (1805). Diachcea i legans, Fr. Stirp. Fenisj., p. 84 (1825); Fr. S. M., iii., 156; Berk. Ann. N.H., No. 112; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1154, fig. 131. Diachcea leucopoda, Rtfki. Mon., p. 190 (1875). Genus 16. SPUMAR1A. Pers. ^Ethalium complex, with numerous dendritic branches, each sporangium being surrounded by an outer, common, meerschaum- like cortex; sporangia tree-like, on the outside covered with small crystals of lime, provided within with a central columella, ex- tending also to the branches ; capillitium passing from the coln- mella to the walls of the sporangium, forming a thick net; cortex composed of empty cells (their walls enclosing small granules of lime) touching each other, snow-white. — Rtfki. Mon., 191. 51. Spumaxia alba. (Bull.) Columella empty, cylindrical, branched, not reaching to the apex of the sporangia ; threads of capillitium very thick, formed into a thick network, very much thickened at tlie points of junc- tion ; spores dull-violet, very spinulose. — Rtfki. 3fon., 191. On grass, &c. (Figs. 158, 172, 175.) Mudlago 2, Mich., I 96, f. 2 (1729). Mucorii, Gled. Meth., p. 160 (1753). Mudlago Crustacea alba, Batt., t. 40, f. 9 H. I. (1755). Mudlago, Hall., No. 2129 (1768). Byssus bombydna, Retz. V. HandL, 251 (1769). Mudlago filamentosa, Bonamy., t. 3 (1772). Eeticulana alba, Bull. t. 326 (1791). Spwnaria mucilago, Pers. Disp., t. i., f . a b c (1797). Reticularia ovata, var. With. Arr., iv., 1978 (1803). Spwnaria cornuta, IS churn. Saell., 1415 (1803) ; Fl. Dan., t. 1978, f. 1. Spwnaria alba, DC. Fl. Fr., ii., 261 (1805) ; Fr. S. M., iii., 25 ; Eng. FL, v., 310 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1103. Spwnaria alba, a. laminosa, /3 cornuta, Fr. S. M., iii., 95 (1829). Didymium spumarioides, Fr. S. M., iii., 121 (1829). Diderma spumaria forme, Wallr. Fl. Germ., 2208 (1833). ORDER III. AMAUROCHJETE^. Single sporangium, or sethalium, without lime ; spores capilli- tium, and columella almost always uniformly black, or brownish- violet coloured. — Rtfki. Mon., 193. Family 6. STEMONITACE.E. Walls of sporangia either not evident, or very evanescent; elongated stem extending within the sporangia as a columella, 46 MYXOMYCETES. originating from numerous places on its surface the threads of the capillitium, which are branched and combined into a net; sporangium always simple. — Rtfki. Mon., 193. Genus IT. STEMONITIS. Gled. Sporangia cylindrical, shortly stipitate, gregarious ; hollow stem lengthened in the centre, attenuated upwards as a columella; capillitium formed of numerous threads radiating from the colu- mella, combined into a loose net, the ultimate branches united into a network at the surface, parallel to the walls of the sporangium, extended and combined by the help of very short, delicate per- pendicular (to the net) ends. — Rtfki. Mon., p. 193. 52. Stemonitis fusca. Roth. Sporangia cylindrical, obtuse, standing on a strongly developed hypothailus ; columella approaching the apex of the sporangium ; iiypothallus, stem, columella, capillitium, and mass of spores violet-black; surface of the net of the capillitium with the meshes very small, less, or little larger than the spores ; spores bright violet, almost smooth, -0066-'0092 mm. diam. — Rtfki. Mon., 193. «. major. Sporangium, with stem 7-12 mm. high. /3. minor. Sporangium, with stem 4-7 mm. high. On rotten wood. (Fig. 40.) Lycoperdon capite cylindracea, Rupp. Jenn., 304 (1718). Cluthroidastrum obscurum., Mich., t. 94, f. 1 (1729). Embolus nigerrimus, Hall, t. 1, f. 1 (1742). Clathrus nudus, Linn. Fl. Suec., 1263 (1745). Stemonitis /, Gled, Meth., 141 (1753). Embolus, Hall, 2137, t. 48, f. I (1768). Tubulifera cremor, Fl. Dan., t. 659, f. 1 (1777). Tremellatyphina, Willd. Fl. Ber., 420 (1787). Mucor araneosus, Jacq. Misc., t. 15 (1778). Stemonitis fusca, Roth. Mag. Bot., p. 26 (1782) ; Ehr. Ber., f. 5 ; Grev. S. C. Fl., t. 170; Corda Ic., ii., f. 87 ; Eng. Fl., v., 317 ; Cooke Hdbk., 1155, fig. 132, Fung. Britt., ii., 522. Tricliia nuda, With. Arr., iv., 477 (1792). Stemonitis fasciculate^ Pers. Syn., 187 (1801). Stemonitis typhoides, Auct. 53. Stemonitis ferruginea. Ehr. Sporangia cylindrical, obtuse, gregarious, standing on a strongly developed hypothailus ; columella cleaving the apex of the spor- angium, with a few threads of the capillitium ; hypothailus, stem, columella, and capillitium violet-black, but the mass of spores MYXOMYCETES. 47 ferruginous-cinnamon ; surface of the net of the capillitium with very small meshes, but little larger than the spores ; spores bright ferruginous, *0053-'0(J75 mm. diam. — Rtfki. Mon., 196. On rotten wood. (Figs. 31-39, 41-44, and 50.) Stemonitis tuphina, Willd. Ber., 408 (1787). Clathrus nudus, Bolt., t. 93, f. 1 (1789). Trichia axifera, Bull., t. 447, f. 1 (1791). Stemonitis fasculata, Pers. Syn., 187 (1801). Stemonitis violacea, Schum. Saell., 1491 (1803). Stemonitis fasciculate, DC., Fl. Fr., ii., 256 (1805). Stemonitis ferruginea, Ehr. Syl. Ber., f. vi. a b (1818) ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1156. Stemonitis decipiens, Nees. Nov. Act. Leop., xvi., 95, (1821). Stemonitis heterospora, Oudem. Ned. Kr. Arch, i., 167 (1872). Genus 18. COMATRICHA. Prenss. Sporangium cylindrical or globose, stipitate ; stem prolonged immediately within the walls of the sporangium as a columella, usually to nearly its length ; columella attenuated upwards, reach- ing at least three-fourths the height of the sporangium ; capilli- tium originating from the columella, usually its numerous forked threads combined into a net, but at the surface of the sporangium not formed into a network parallel to the walls ; walls of sporan- gium usually very evanescent, now and then even falling away entirely. — Rtfki. Mon., 197. 54. Comatricha typhina. Roth. Sporangia growing in company, but not crowded, cylindrical, obtuse, those in the centre narrower, a little bent on one side ; stem shorter than the sporangium; columella in the centre derived from the lengthened stem, extending to the apex, and then cleaving it with the numerous ends of the threads of the capillitium ; threads of the capillitium numerous, flexuous, dull brownish, with numerous branches, formed into a very intricate net; walls of the sporangium always thin ; spores bright-violet, smooth, -0046--0067 mm. diam. — Rtfki. Mon., 198. ft-, geixuina. Sporangium, with stem, 21 to 4 mm high, p. puznila. Sporangium, with stem, 2 mm. high. On rotten wood. (Figs. 46, 47.) Clathroidastrum obscurum, Mich., t. 94, f. 2 (1729). Mucor capitulo fusco, Scop. Fl. Cam., 66 (1760). Mucor Stemonitis, Scop Fl. Cam., 493 (1772); Sohff., t, 296. Embolus lacteus,J&cc[. Muse, i., t. 6 (1778). 48 MYXOMYCETES. Clathms nudus, Fl. Dan., t. 758 (1782). Clathrus pertusus, Batsch., f. 176 (1783). Stemonitis typhina, Roth. Fl. Germ., i , 547 (1788) ; Pers. Obs., i. 57. ' Stemonitis filitina, Schrk. Fl. Bav., 1782 (1789). Trichia typhoides, Bull., t. 477, f. 2 (1791). Stemonitis typhoides, DC., Fl. Fr., ii., 257 (1805) ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1157. Stemonitis bicolor, Fries, herb. Stemonitis leucopoda, Fr. Gast. 16 (1817). Stemonitis pumila, Corda Ic., v., 37 (1842). 55. Comatxicha Fxiesiana. DBy. Sporangia either globose, or ovate, or ellipsoid, erect, J-lJmm. high ; stem subulate, black, shining, ] ^-3 mm. long, now and then even to 6 mm., penetrating within the sporangium as a columella ; columella reaching from half to three-quarters the height of the sporangium, then spreading out in numerous threads ; capillitmm of arcuate flexuous threads, combined into a net, not extending anywhere as far as the margin of the sporangium in free ends, almost equally thick throughout the entire length ; spores violet- brown, with a thick but smooth membrane, -0083--01 mm. diam. —Rtfki. Mon, 199. var. a. obovata. var. /3. oblonga. On rotten wood. (Figs. 51, 56.) Mucor embolus, Linn. Sp., 1185 (1753). Lycogala, Hall, 2146 ? (1768). Stemonitis reticulata, Trent, p. 223 ? (1797). Stemonitis nigra, Pers. Gmel. Sys., 1467 (1791). Stemonitis atrofusca, Pers. Disp., 11 (1797). Stemonitis atrofusca, /3 nigra, Pers. Disp., 54 (1797). Stemonitis ovata, Pers. Syn., 189 (1801); Berk. Eng. Fl. v., p. 317; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1158. Tricliia mucoriformis, Schum. Saell., 1469 (1803). Stemonitis violacea, Schum. Saell., 1491 (1803). Stemonitis nigra, Schum. Saell., 1493 (1803). Stemonitis globosa, Schum. Saell., 1494 (1803). Trichia alba, Sow., t. 259 (1818). Stemonitis obtiisata, Fr. Sym. Gast., 17 (1818) ; Eng. Fl., v., p. 317; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1159. Comatriclia obtusata, Preuss. Sturm. (1851). Comatricha alba, Preuss. in Sturm (1851). Stemonitis Friesiana, DBary (1870) ; Rabh. Fung. Eur., No. 568. MYXOMYCETES. 49 56. Coxnatxicha pulchella. Sporangia either elongated ovate, or cylindrical, with an obtuse apex, slightly umbilicate below, -^-1 mm. long; stem subulate, black, ^-4 mm. high, extending within the sporangium as a cohmiella running almost to the apex ; capillitium of arcuate flexuous threads, com- bined into a dense net, imperceptibly narrowed at the surface ; mass of spores and capillitium bright ferruginous ; spores pale ferruginous, delicately warted, •0057--0075 mm. — Etfki. Hon. Supp., 27. Tar. a obovata. var. /3 cylindrica. On herbaceous plants, ferns, &c. Stemonitis pulcherrima, B. & Curt. Grev., 373. Stemonitis pulchelfa, Bab. Abst. Linn. Soc. Trans., 1839; Berk. in Ann. & Mag. N. H., p. 431 (1841), t. 12, f. 11 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1160. Comatricha Persoonii, Rttki. Mon., 201 (partly). Genus 19. LAMP ROBERTO A. R. Sporangium globose or ellipsoid, stipitate ; stem lengthened directly into the columella, scarce reaching half the height of the sporangium, either cylindrical, or swollen and clavate at the apex ; capillitium fasciculate, originating from the base, usually regularly forked, rarely combined into a tangled net; wall of sporangium delicate, usually of a metallic lustre, now and then thick, with the saucer-like base of the sporangium permanent. — Etfki. Mon., 202. 57. Lamprodeima physaxioides. (-4. <£ S.) Sporangia globose, with a silvery metallic lustre, stipitate ; stem black, opaque, subulate, expanded at the base into a small circular hypothallus, penetrating the sporangium with a short clavate swollen columella, not reaching half the height of the sporangium ; tubes of the capillitium violet-brownish, originating singly from the columella, in continuation forked more and more, and combined into a net by transverse branches ; at the surface of the sporangium the capillitium is rather dense ; spores bright- brown, -0125--014 mm. — Rtjki. Mon., 202. On mossy stumps. (Figs. 55, 59, 62.) Stemonitis pTiysarioides, A. & S. Consp., t. 11, f. 8 (1805); B. & Br. Ann. N. Hist., No. 386 ; Cooke Handbk., No. 1161. E 50 MYXOMYCETES. 58. Lamproderma violacea. (/>.) Sporangia lenticular, convex above, lenticular and flattened below, with the stem umbilicate beneath, -^-f mm. high, steel or violet-blue, with a metallic lustre ; stem black, shining, subulate, springing from a common brownish hypothallus, prolonged within the sporangium into a cylindrical columella, truncate at the apex ; threads of the capillitium variously forked directly from the base, combined into a thick net ; capillitium after dispersal of the spores whitish ; height of sporangium with the stem, 1-1^ mm. ; spores bright-violet, delicately spinulose, -0092--01 mm. — Rtfki. Mon., 204. On moss. (Fig. 64.) Stemonitis violacea, Fr. S. M.,iii., 162 (1829) ; B. & Br. Ann. N. Hist., No. 387 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1162. 59. Lampzoderma arcyrioides (So mm.) Sporangia globose or ellipsoid, elongated, violet or bluish, with a metallic lustre, stipitate ; stern either short, scarcely to be seen, or 1 mm. high, growing on a strongly developed hypothallus, black- brown, shining, penetrating within the sporangium as a columella ; columella almost cylindrical, truncate at the apex (in the globose form), almost imperceptibly narrowed above and extending into the threads of the capillitium (in the elongated-ellipsoidal form) ; capillitium whitish-brown, the threads furcate directly from the base, arcuate, flexuous, combined into a dense intricate net ; spores dull-violet, more or less spinulose, -0125--016 mm. — Rtfki. Mon., 206. On dead leaves, wood, &c. Stemonitis arcyrioides, Sonim. Tidsk. (1827) ; Berk. Ann. N. Hist., No. 114; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1163. Stemonitis chalybea, Pers. in litt. Stemonitis Carestice, Ces. & Not. (1861) ; Erb. Cr. Ital., 888. Stemonitis Morthieri,Fck\. Exs., No. 1447 (1860). var. iridea. Cooke. Sporangia globose, steel-blue, iridescent, or with a coppery lustre, stipitate; stem twice as long as the diameter of the sporangium, erect, very dark brown, slightly expanded into the sparse hypo- thallus at the base, penetrating to nearly half the height of the sporangium, truncate at the apex, and there originating the capil- litium ; threads of the capillitium very slender, radiating, furcate, seldom connected laterally with each other, extremities free, wholly violet-brown; spores violet-brown, nearly smooth. -Oil- '012 mm. diani. MYXOMYCETMS. 51 On dead leaves, &c. (Fig. 246-249.) Stemonitis arcyrioldes, Cooke Fungi Britt., ser. i., No. 523. Lamproderma arcyrioides, Cooke Fungi Britt., ser. ii., No. 523. On comparison of this latter form with the description of L. arcy- rioides, as given by Rostafinski, and the specimens published by Fuckel (No. 1447), and Rabenhorst (F. Eur. 797), we are convinced that the present is very distinct, the capillitium is much more slender, entirely different in its character, and the spores are much smaller and nearly smooth. For the present we have not proposed it as a distinct species. Family 7. ENERTHENEMACE^E. Sporangium stipitate ; stem prolonged within the sporangium as a coluniella through its length and expanding at the apex in a discoid membrane ; capillitium only originating from the stout discoid expanded apex of the columella. — Rtfki. Mon., 208. Genus 20. ENERTHENETOA. Sorvm. Threads of the capillitium rarely forked, not combined into a net, with the ends free. — Rtfki. Mon., 209. 60. Enexthenema papillata. (Pers.) Sporangia globose, naked, dull-brown, lustrous above, crowned with a very small blackish horn, stipitate ; stem black, opaque, conical, at the passage into the columella distinctly narrowed ; columella conical, widened at the apex of the sporangium into a, vesicular boss usually horn-like, black, shining, standing on the surface of the sporangium; capillitium originating from the margin and bottom of this boss, tubes equal through their whole length, not numerously forked, with the ends free ; spores bright- violet, smooth, -0086--01 mm. diani.— Rtfki. Mon,, 209. On rotten wood. (Figs. 45, 48, 49, 52, 57.) Arcyria atra, Schum. Saell., 1487 (1803). Enerthenema elegans, Bowm. Linn. Trans. (1828) ; xvi., p. 151, t. 16; Rtfki. Mon., p. 209. Stemonitis mammosa, Fr. S. M., iii., 161 (1829). Stemonitis papillata, Pers. disp. fung., t. i., f. 4 ; Berk. Eng. Fl. v., p. 317. 61. Enexthenexna Berkeley ana. 1>. Very similar in habit to the preceding; it differs in the spores being gathered together from 4 to 12 in a lump, the single spores Laving the form of a sector of a circle, with a radius of '013 mm.; the convex portion distinctly waited, the rest smooth ; threads of 52 MYXOMYCETES. capillitium proceeding from the apical horn, as in the preceding species, but less numerous. — Rtfki. Mon. Supp., 29. On wood, &c. Enerthenema elegans,~Berk.& Br. Ann. N. H., No. 388, t. ii., f. 7 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1164 (not Bowman). Family 8. AMAUROCHETACEJE. .^Ethalium consisting of numerous, elongated, entirely naked sporangia, arranged close together in several layers ; along the sporangia of the lower and middle stratum run the columellse ; the columellag of the single sporangia grown together amongst them- selves, and forming tree-like branches, grown to the base of the Eethalium in several places ; sporangia of the middle and upper stratum possessed of a capillitium, with the threads combined into a net, common to all the sporangia ; the branchings of the net dense, at the points of union expanded triangularly. — Rtfki. Mon., 210. Genus 21. AMAUHGCK-ZETE. R. JEthalium very variable in form and size, covered with a delicate papery bark; columella and capillitium very variable, evident according to the height of the aethalium. — Rtfki. Mon., 210. 62. Amaurochaete atra. (.1. Sf S.) ^thalium variable in form and size, covered with a delicate papery bark ; columella and capillitium variable ; spores violet, spinulose, '014-'015 mm. On wood and bark of felled pines. (Fig. G7.) Lycoperdon fith'ginosiim, Sow., t. 257 (1803). Lycogala atrum, A. & S. Con., t. 3, f. 3 (1805). Dermodium inquinans. Link. Diss., 25 (1808). Stronyylium atru?n, Link. Strongylium atrum, Swaitz Vet. Handl., 110 (1815). Strongylium majvs, Fr. Gast., 9 (1817). Lachnobolus cribrosus, Fr. Orb. Yeg., 148 (1825). Reticularia atra, Fr. 8. M ., iii., p. 86 (1829) ; Eng. Fl., v., p. 308; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1099. Family 9. BREFELDIACE^E. jiEthalium consisting of numerous, elongated, entirely naked, close-standing sporangia, arranged in several strata ; along the sporangia of the lower and middle strata run the columellae. C'olu- mellse of the single sporangia coalescing, form tree-like branches, grown to the base of the eethaliuni in many places ; sporangia of MYXOMYCETES. 53 tlie middle and upper stratum with a capillitium of very thin equal threads radiating from the centre, united to each other and to the boundary of the sporangia. — Rtfki. Man., 212. Genus 22. BREFELDIA. If. .ZEthalium naked, with the surface warted ; threads of the capil- litium combined at the boundary of the sporangia into polycellular vesicles, of a very complex structure. — Rtjki. J\lon., 212. 63. Brefeldia maxima. (/•>.) ^Ethaliurn naked, with the surface warted, purple-black, now and then olive by reflection ; seated on a strongly-developed, silvery- lustrous hypothallus ; spores violet, spinulose. — Rtfki. Mon.} 213. On trunks of felled trees. (Figs. 60, 65, 66, 69, 70.) Lijcoperdon epidendrum, Sow., 400, f. 2, 3 (1809). Dermodium inquirians, Fr. Gast., 9 (1817). Reticularia maxima, Fr. S. M., iii., 85 (1829) ; Eng. Fl. v., 308 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1097 ; Fungi Britt., ii., 518. Lycoptrdon echiniformis, Sow., t. 400, f. 1, Licta perreptans, Berk. Gard. Chron. (1848), 451 ; Ann. Nat. Hist., No. o92 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1196. Family 10. ECHINOSTELIACE^. Sporangia stipitate, but without columella ; capillitium originat- ing at its base from the stem, combined into a loose net. — Rtfki. Man., 215. Genus 23. ECHINOSTELIUM. De Bary. Branches of the capillitium arcuate, growing to the top of the sporangium, provided \vith numerous lateral, acutely-terminating slack anus. — Rtfki. 3fon.} 215. (Fig. 68.) O SuB-DlVISION II. LAMPROSPOR^E. Spores diversely coloured, never violet. Sect. A. ATRICHJE. Sporangia without a capillitium. ORDER IV. ANEME^E. Sporangium or sethalium without capillitium or lime ; columella not evident, wall of sporangium without net-like thickenings, now and then symmetrically perforated. — titfki. J\lo?i.} 217. Family II. DICTYOSTELIACE^E. Same as the genus. 54 MYXOMYCETES. Genus 24. DICTYCSTZLIUM. Bref. Stem many celled, sporangium naked. — Rtfki. Mon., 217. Family 12. LICE ACE ^. Simple sporangia, plasmodiocarp or sethaliuni ; wall of sporan- gium not symmetrically perforated. — Rtfki. Mon., 218. Genus 25. LICE A. Schrad. Plasmodiocarp with simple walls, usually covered with a stout, brownish, opaque, subsiding bark. — Rtfki., 218. Gemis 26. TUBUX.XNA. Pers. Sporangia cylindrical, standing in clusters upon a hypothallus, almost flattened, or evidently stipitate ; wall of sporangium simple. —Rtfki., 219. 64. Tubulina cylindrica. Bull. Sporangia cylindrical, rounded at the apex, gregarious, mostly crowded, standing at first on a plane, then convex hypothallus ; mass of spores rusty-chestnut, or pale chestnut ; spores deli- cately waited, '095-'0067 mm. diam. ; walls of the sporangium when quite mature beautifully iridescent. — Rtfki. Mon., 220. On rotten wood. Tubulifera ceratum, Fl. Dan., t. 659, f. 2 (1777). Tubulifera araclmoidea, Jacq. Misc., t. 15 (1778). Mucor tubulosus, Retz. Stemonitis ferruginosa, Batsch., f. 175 (1786). Splicer -ocarpus cylindricus, Bull., t. 470, f. 3 (1791). Sph&rocarpus fragiformis, Bull., t. 384? (1791). Tub{f era ferruginosa, Gmel. Sys., 1472 (1791). Tubifera cylindrica, Gmel. Sys., 1472 (1791). Tubifera fragiformis, Gmel. Sys., 1472 (1791). Tncliia fragiformis, With. AIT., iii., 480 (1792). Tubulifera coccinea, Trent., p. 243 (1797). Licea tubulina, Schrad. N. G., 16 (1797). Licea clavata, Schrad. N. G., 18 (1797). Tubulina fragiformis, Pers. Disp., p. 11 (1797) ; Pers. Syn. t. 4, f. 3, 4. Tubulina fallax, Pers. Obs., ii., 28 (1799). Tubulina fragiformis, a. papillata, j3. clavata, y. conica, d. coccinea, e operculata ; Pers. Obs., ii., 29. Reticularia multicapsula. Sow., t. 179 (1799). Tubulina cylindrica, DC. Fl. Fr., 674 (1805). Tubulina fragif era, Poir. Ency., viii., No. 3 (1808). Licea fragiformis, Nees, f. 102 (1816) ; Eng. Fl., v., p. 321 ; Cooke Hdbk., 1194; Fung. Britt., ii., 528. Dermodium fallax, Nees, f. 103 (1816). MYXOMYCETES. 55 Licea c>/lindrica, Fr. S. M., iii., 195 (1829); Eng. Fl., v. 391 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1193. Licea 'tricolor, Zoll. in Flora (1847) p. 300. Tubulina conglobata, Preuss. Liuiisea, 140 (1851). Genus 27. LINDBLADIA. Fr. ^Ethalium naked, composed of numerous irregularly polygonal minute sporangia, with the walls grown together ; surface to the extremities of the sporangia warted. — Rtfki. Mon., 223. 65. Lindbladia effusa. (Ehb.) ^Ethaliuni naked, seated on a common, strongly-developed hypo- thallus ; cortex when prematurely dessicated black, thick, brown, lustrous, with the surface rough ; mass of spores brown-ochre or timber ; spores bright-coloured, smooth, *0058-'0072 mm. diani. — Rtfki. Mon., 223. On the ground, &c. Licea effusa, Ehr. Sylv., p. 26, f. 1 (1818). ^Ethalium meltsnum, Chev. Byss., iii. (1837). Lindbladia tubulina, Fr. S. V. S., 449 (1849). jEtlialium atrum, Preuss. Linnea, 141 (1851). Reticularia maxima, Corda. Ic., vi., 35 (1852). Reticularia granulosa, (Erst. MSS. Lindbladia effusa, Kostfki. Mon., p. 123 (1875) ; B. & Br. Ann. N. Hist., No. 1605 ; Grevillea, v., p. 13. Family 13. CLATHROPTYCHIACE.E. ^Ethalium comprising numerous sporangia, either cylindrical, standing in a compact stratum, or else globose with several in a stratum, the walls regularly perforated. — Rtfki. Mon., 224. Genus 28. CLATHROPTYCHIUM. R. Sporangia not stipitate, closely seated on a common substratum ; walls with the external apex alone permanent, campanulate, united by a few simple threads which cross over from the apex to the base. —RtfkL Mon., 225. 66. Clathroptychium rugulosum. (Wall.) Hypothallus strongly developed ; sporangia bell-shaped at the apex, attached to the base by six simple, permanent, triangular threads ; colour of the sethaliuni variable, red-brown or ochrey- brown, now and then olive by reflection ; mass of spores ochre or ochrey-brown ; spores delicately warted, -0083--01 mrn. diam. — Rtfki. Mon., 225. On dead twigs, &c. (Figs. 25, 28, 29, 30.) 56 MYXOMYCETES. Fuligo plumbea, Fl. Dan. 1976, f. 1 (1803). Reticularia plumbea, Fr. S. M., iii., 88 (1629). Licea rugulosa, Wallr. Fl. Germ., 2107 (1833). Licea applanata. Berk. Hook. Journ. (1845) 66 ; B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 313; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1195. Lycogala lenticulare, DK. & M. Fl. Alg., 401 (1846). Reticularia lenticularis, Mort. Hb. Dictydiathalium applanatum, Rstfki. in Fckl. Synib., 2 Nach. 69 (1873). / Genus 29. ENTERID1UB1. Elir. ^Ethalium covered with a delicate membranaceous cortex ; the closed single sporangia combined together, with large symmetrical openings in all the walls ; walls of sporangia alter the dispersal of the spores formed into a net-like, three-winged skeleton. — Rtfki. Hon., 226. 67. Enteridium olivaceum. (EJtr.) either quite plane or hemispherical, covered with a delicate papery bark, pellucid, but with the spores olive ; glassy walls of sporangium pellucid brown-yellow ; spores in clusters of from 10 to 20 ; single spores truncate, only the convex surface delicately warted. — Rtfki. Mon., 227. On fallen trunks. (Fig. 5.) Lycoperdoh undulinum, Schtim. Saell., 1404 (1803). Enteridium olivaceum, Ehr., f. 1, 5 A. E. (1818) ; Rstfki. Mon., p. 227. Reticularia versicolor, Fr. Obs., ii., 147 (1818). Licogala olivacea, Link. Hb. Reticularia ungulina, Fr. in Fl. Dan., t. 1977, f. 2 (1823). Reticularia olivacea, Fr. Sys. Myc., iii., 89 (1829). Enteridium atrum, Preuss. Linnea., 142 (1851). Reticularia applanata, B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. (1866), t. ii., f. 3 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1098. Licea olivacea, Fckl. Sym., 338 (1869). Licea glomulifera, DBary & Rtfk. in Alex. (1872). Liccethalium olivaceum, Rtfki. Vers., p. 4 (1873). Lindbladia versicolor, Rtfki. in Fckl., 68 (1873). ORDER V. HETERODERME,E. Sporangia without capillitium, coluniella, or lime ; wall of spor- angium delicate, when mature at least partly cracked, exposing the net-like flat thickenings of the inner side of Avail ; spores and thickenings of the inner wall in one and the same sporangium usually of an uniform colour. — Rtfki. Mon., 229. MYXOMYCETES. 57 - Family 14. CRIBRARIACE.T:. Sporangia stipitate, standing singly; usually only the upper portion of the wall cracking away, leaving behind the net-like inner thickenings. — Rtfki. Mon., 229. Genus 30. DICTYDIUM. Sclirad. Thickenings of the inner wall of the sporangia of uniform width compounded by very thin thready fibres into a net with more or less rectangular meshes. — Rtfki. Mon., 229. 68. Bictydium cernuum. (Pers.) Hypothallus, stem, and mass of spores purple-brown ; stem two or three times longer than the sporangium, erect, bent at the apex; sporangium globose, i- mm. diam , nodding; net like thickenings after the dispersal of the spores deficient at the apex ; spores . —Rtfki. Hon., 229. On rotten wood, pine stumps, &c. (Figs. 17-19, 22.) Mucor cancellatus, Batsch., f. 232 (1789). Stemonitis cancellata, Gmel. Sys., 1468 (1791). Splicerocarpus trichioides, Bull., p. 124 (1791). Ct'ibraiia cermta, Pers. Obs., i., 91 (1796). Dictijdium umbilicatum, Schrad., t. 4, f. 1 (1797) ; Fr. S. M., iii., 165 ; Berk. Eng. Fl., v. 318; Cooke Hdbk., 1165, fig. 134. Dictydium ambigiium, Schrad., t. 4, f. 2 (1797). Trichia cernua, Poir. Ency., viii., No. 25 (1808). Dictydium cernuum, Nees, f. 117 (1816); Rtfki. Mon., p. 230 (1875). Dictydium triclnoides, Chev. FL Par., 327 (1827) ; Corda. Ic. v., f. 36. Genus 31. HETERODICTYQN. R. Thickenings of the inner wall of sporangium compounded below of parallel continuous wide ribs combined by thin threads into a net with rectangular meshes, passing in the upper half of the sporangium into polygonal knots, with irregular radiating thin branches. — Rtfki. Mon., 231. (Fig. 16 ) Genus 32. C RIB R ARIA. Pers. Thickenings of the inner side wall of sporangia compounded into a net-work of combined threads, often flattened and developed into knots at the points of junction ; meshes of the net irregularly polygonal ; lower part of the sporangium often basket-shaped. — Rtfki. Mon., 231. 58 MYXOMYCETES. • Sub-Genus 1. Schraderella. Thickenings combined into a net, equally broad throughout their entire length, knots wanting ; receptacle usually strongly developed. 69. Cribraria rufa. (Rot/i.) Sporangia turbinate, or pyriform, rufous, stipitate, with a purple- brown erect stem ; receptacle usually strongly developed, funnel- shaped, with a regularly eroded margin ; thick threads originating from the ribs of the receptacle, wide, combined into a loose net ; spores smooth, <005-<0065 mm. — Rtfki. Mon., 232. On wood, &c. (Fig. 15.) Stemonitis nifa, Roth. Fl. Germ., 548 (1788). Cribraria rufescens, Pers. Desp., t. i., f. 5 (1797). Cribraria fulva, Schrad., t. i., f. 1 (1797). Cribraria intermedia, Schrad., t. i., f. 2 (1797) ; Berk. & Br. Ann. N. Hist., No. 1601. Trichia rufescens, Poir. Ency., viii., No. 31 (1808). Cribraria rufa, Rtfki. Mon., p. 232 (1875). Sub- Genus 2. Eucribraria. Thickenings combined into a net widened at the points of junction into knots ; receptacle now and then entirely undeveloped. 70. Cribraria aurantiaca. Schrad. Sporangia globose, more or less nodding, rufous or nut-brown rufous, stipitate, stem bright nut-brown ; receptacle strongly de- veloped, hemispherical, occupying more than one-third of the lower part of the sporangium, with regular short sharp pointed teeth above, from which immediately proceed the net-work; the knots unusually very strongly developed, branching out and almost all running into each other, or at least coming in contact with their .ends, and forming one net, strongly serrated, and combined with each other by thin threadlike fibres; mass of spores orange or brown- yellow ; spores yellowish, smooth, -005-'0065 mm. diarn. — Rtfki. Mon., 233. On rotten wood, especially fir. (Fig. 21.) Cribraria aurantiaca, Schrad., t. i., f. 3-4 (1797); Fr. S. M., iii. 174; Cooke Hdbk., 1169 ; B. & Br. Ann. N. H. (1865), No. 1037. Cribraria vulgaris ft aurantiaca, Pers. Syn., 194 (1801). Trichia rufescens /3 aurantiaca, Poir. Ency. viii., 31. Cribraria aurantiaca y sulphurea, Wallr. Fl. Germ. (1833). Cribraria intermedia, Berk. Engl. Fl. v., p. 318 (1836) ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1166. Cribraria variabiUs, Ficinus Dresd. FL, 2C9 (1838). MYXOMYCETES. 59 71. Cribraria intricata. Sckrad. Sporangia globose, erect, nut-brown, reaching to 1 mm. diam. ; mass of spores dull-yellow ; stem subulate, slightly thickened below, purple-brown ; receptacle hemispherical, with the margin regularly serrated; knots of the net thickened, strongly developed, polygonal, with the angles very thick, united to each other by two, three, or four parallel thin threadlike fibres ; spores yellow, '005- •0065 mm. diam. — Rtfki. Mon., 237. On fir stumps. (Fig. 27). Cribraria intricata, Schrad. Nov. Gen., t. iii., fig. 1 ; Iltfki. Mon., p. 237 (1875) ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1167. 72. Cxibxaxia macxocaxpa. Schrad. Sporangia pyriform, or obovate, erect, yellowish-brown, mass of spores dull-yellow ; stem stout, short, slightly crooked, dark- brown ; receptacle one-third of the lower part of the sporangium usually funnel-shaped, often strongly perforated, with the margin mostly irregularly lacerated, with the teeth reaching to the elongated knots ; network of irregular knots, many times longer than broad, more than once branched with the simple or forked arms, with the bides united by thin threadlike fibres ; spores yellow, '005-0065 mm. diam. — Rtfki. Mon., 238. Tricliia macrocarpa, Poir. Ency., yiii., No. 30. Cribraria macrocarpa, Schrad., t. 2, f. 3, 4 ; Iltfki. Mon., p. 238 (1875) ; B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1600. 73. Cxibxaxia axgillacea. Pars. Sporangia crowded together, with a short evanescent stem, mass of spores clay-colour ; walls of sporangium permanent, when quite mature beautifully shining, inner wall provided with irregular net- like thickenings, the threads wide at the base, higher up always knotted, receptacle quite destitute of distinct markings ; spores bright-coloured, -005--0065 mm. diam. — Rtfki. Mori., 238. On stumps of Scotch fir. Stemonitis sphcerocarpa, Schr. Bot. Mag., xii., 20 (1790). Stemonitis argillacea, Pers. in Gmel., 1409 (1796). Cribraria argillacea, Pers. Obs., i., 90 (1796) ; B. & Br. Ann. N. Hist. (1865), No. 1036; Cooke Hdbk., 1108; Fungi Britt., ii., 526. Cribraria mi'cropus, Schrad., t. ii., f. 1, 2 (1797). Trichia aryillacea, Poir. Ency., viii., No. 32 (1808). CO MYXOMYCETES. ORDER VI. RETICULARI.E. Spores, capillitium, and columella uniformly bright-coloured, without lime ; capillitium. of very thin-sided tubes, without thick- enings, combined into a thickly intricate but loose-hanging net. — Rtfki. Hon., 240. Family 15. RETICULARIACE^E. ^Ethalium composed of numerous, elongated, entirely naked, distinctly stratified sporangia, arranged in a few strata ; sporangia of the lower and middle stratum with columella lengthwise; colu- mellre of the single sporangia grown together, forming numerous tree-like branches, in many places grown to the bottom of the sethalium ; sporangia of the middle and upper stratum with capil- litiuni.— Rtfki. Mon., 240. Genus 33. RETICULARIA. Bull. ^Ethalium covered with a common stout, but tender bark. — Rtfki., 240. 74. Reticularia lycoperdon. Bull. Spores, columella, and capillitium alike umber or rusty chestnut- coloured ; cortex either of the same colour, opaque and smooth, or with a silvery lustre, or covered with yellowish, uneven warts ; spores -0083 mm., half the surface nearly smooth, the other half reticulated. — Rtfki. Mon., p. 240. On stumps, &c. (Figs. 3, 4, 6, 13.) Lycogcda griseum major, Mich., t. 95, f. 1 (1729). Lycoperdon fuscwn, Huds. Fl. Aug., 645 (1778). Mucor lycogalus, Bott., t. 133, f. 2 (1789). Peticularia lycoperdon, Bull., t. 446, f. 4, t. 476, f. 1-3 (1791). Lycogala argentea, Pers. Disp., 7 (1797). Lycogala turbinatwn, Pers. Syn., 157 (1801). Strongylium fuliginoides, Ditm., t. ii., f. 1 (1809). Fuligo lycoperdon^ Schum. Saell., 1409 (1803). Reticularia argentea, Poir. Ency., vi., 20 (1806). Reticularia umbrina, Fr. S. M., iii., 87 (18*29); Corda. Ic., vi., f. 36 ; Eng. FL, v., 308 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1100. ORDER VII. CALONEME^E. Walls of sporangia, spores, and capillitium usually uniformly coloured in the same sporangium. Colour variable, from yellow to brownish, or chestnut, more rarely olive-green, or greyish -white ; capillitium usually strongly developed ; threads simple or combined into a net, either entirely free, or grown to certain places of the wall of the sporangium ; walls of the threads very rarely smooth, usually provided externally with protruding thickenings, either MYXOMYCETES. 61 spiral-shaped or under the form of numerous spines, warts, or transverse rings ; without fixed columella ; exceptionally contain- ing lime, exclusively in the walls of the sporangia ; now and then a?thalia covered with a stout double cortex of coloured cells. — Rtfki. Mon., 242. Family 16. TRICHIACEJE. Without lime, sporangia sessile or stipitate, usually dehiscing irregularly. Wall of the sporangium single or double, the inner one surrounds on all sides if protruding, and in this manner sepa- rates the mass of spores and capillitium from the tube of the stem ; capillitlum either of simple threads with both ends attenuated, or combined into a net, with thin-sided walls, provided with serpen- tine thickenings; wall of sporangium, capillitium, and spores usually of the same colour in the same sporangium, mostly olive or brownish. — Rtfki. Mon., '24.3. Gems 34. TRICHIA. Hall. Tubes of the capillitium simple, free, with both extremities pointed, only exceptionally now and then forked. — Rtfki. Mon., 243. 75. Trichia fallax. Pers. Sporangia turbinate, shining, stipitate, of different shades of yellow ; stem darker, filled with polygonal masses of organized matter, changing at the end directly into more and more regular roundish masses, and at last quite normal spores. Elaters fusiform, '004--0058 mm., thick in the centre, narrowed uniformly to the ends, but not considerably, at least terminating in a point from four to six times in length of the diameter of the elaters, smooth ; spiral of three spires, but little prominent, divided from each other by narrower, or equally wide depressions. In some individuals the greater part of the elaters branched, a few, even in the typical form, with the terminal arm ; spores 'Ol-'Ol^S mm., delicately warted. — Rtfki. Mon., 243. On rotten wood. (Figs. 211, 221, 222, 233-236.) a. minor. Spornngia usually turbinate, rarely pyriform, or clavate, dark-ochre or ochre-brown, H nun. high. j3. genuina. Sporangia usually turbinate, rarely pyriform 'or clavnte, ochre- yellow, now and then olive- green, 2-3^ mm. high. y. cezina. Sporangia pyriform, usually olive-yellow, 4-5 mm. high. I. simplex. Elaters fusiform, simple, with only two ends. II. fuicata. Elaters usually with the ends branched, sometimes with branches in the centre ; ends from three to ten. 62 MYXOMYCETE3. Mitcor capitiilis pyriformis, Fl. Dan., t. 647, f. 2 (1770). Mucor mmiatus, Jacq. Misc., t. 299 (1778). Stemonitis flavescens, Schrank., p. 19 (1792). Lycoperdon aggregation, Liljeb. Fl. Scan., 460(1792). Li/coperdon pusillum, Hechv. Abh., t. iii., f. 2 (1793). Trichia fallax, Pers. Obs., iii., t. 4, 5 (1797); Nees, f. 113 ; Corda Ic., iv., 97 ; Eng. Fl., v., 319 ; Cooke Hdbk., 1182. Physarum pyriforme, Schum. Saell., 1448 (1803). Trichia virescens, Schum. Saell., 1459 (1803). Trichia cerina, Ditm., t. 25 (1817); Curr. Micr. Journ., v., p. 127; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1184. Trichia fulva, Purt. Mid. FL, 1534 (1817). Trichia clavata, Wigand, No. 3 (1863). Trichia furcata, Wigand, No. 4 (1863). Arcyria elongata, Bong. Herb. 76. Trichia fragilis. Son*. Sporangia usually pyriform, more rarely turbinate, either stand- ing singly or with the stems agglutinated together lengthwise into a bundle, crowned with numerous sporangia. Colour variable, mostly dull red-brown, or blackish- brown, more rarely yellow or coffee-brown, opaque ; mass of spores and elaters separate from the pit of the stem, a separate membrane surrounding it on all sides, dull ochrey-yellow, cinnamon, or rusty-yellow, more rarely clear yellow ; stem very much wrinkled, colour of the wall of the sporangium, either stiff and erect, or nodding and prostrate ; elaters fusiform, at the centre from *0042 mm. thick, not con- spicuously narrowed to the ends, terminating in a smooth point twice the length of the diameter of the elater ; spirals three, turn- ing to the right, very prominent, with intervening, even, or a little uneven depressions ; spores -OHS-'OloS mm., with a stout mem- brane delicately warted. — Rtfki. Mon., 246. a. genuina. Sporangia pyriform, red or dark- brown, sometimes black, opaque. Mass of spores and elaters cinnamon or rusty-brown, sometimes dull dark-ochre. Stem rigid, erect. I. Simplex. Stem simple. II. Botrytis. Stems connate, fasciculate, crowned with numerous sporangia. /3. Lorinseriana. Sporangia pyriform, bright red-brown, a little shining on the surface. Mass of spores and elaters dull ochrey-yellow. Stem usually not rigid, bending in an arcuate manner or prostrate. I. Simplex. Stem simple. II. Botrijtls. Stems connate, fasciculate, crowned with numerous sporangia. MYXOMYCETES. G3 y. serotina. Sporangia clavate or pyriform, carmine-brown, or bright- chestnut. Mass of spores and elaters clean yellow, or ochrey-yellow. Stem rigid, erect. I. Simplex. Stem simple. II. Botrytis. Stems connate, fasciculate, crowned witb numerous sporangia. (Figs. 203, 204, 225, 226.) Lijcopcrdon bombacinum, Batscb. El., p. 153 (1783). Stemonitis botrytis, Pers., in (.imel. Sys., 1468 (1791). Trichia botrytis, Pers. Disp., p. 9 (1797); Ic. Pict., t. 12, f. 1, 2. Trichia botrytis, /3 minor, Pers. Disp., 54 (1797). Trichia serotina, Scbrad. Journ., t. 3, f. 1 (1799) ; Eng. EL, v., p. 310 ; Cooke Hdbk, No. 1181. Sphcerocarpus fragiliSj Sow., t. 279 (1803). Trichia notata, El. Dan., 1680 (1823). Trichia badia, Fr. Stirp. Femsj., 83 (1825). Trichia pyriformis, Fr. S. M., iii., 184 (1829) ; Curr. Micr. Journ., iii., t. 2,f. 9, 10; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1178. Trichia Lorinseriana, Corda Ic., i., f. 228 D (1837) ; Curr. Micr. Journ., v., p. 129; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1180. Trichia pi/riformis, /5 serotina, Rtfki. in Fckl. Symb. 2 N. 75 (1873). Craterimn floriforme, Scbw. Am., No. 2307. Alwisia bombarda, B. & Br., Ceylon Fungi, No. 784, t. ii., f. 6 (1873). 77. Trichia varia. Pers. Sporangia diversely developed, eitber with a stem, or sessile ; elaters cylindrical, very thin walled, -0042 mm. diam., with the ends usually not distinctly swollen, consequently running through to the end, usually a little bent on one side, two to three times the diameter of the elater in length ; spirals two, turning to tbe right, separated by intervening spaces three to four times as broad, on the convex side the bent elaters very much notched prominently; spores -01--014 mm., delicately warted,— Rtfki. Jfon., p. 251. On stumps. (Figs. 191, 202, 208, 212, 218, 237.) r. nigxipes. Sporangia variable in shape, yellow-ochre, dirty-ochre, or olive, with a short or long distinct blackish stem. r. sessilis. Sporangia turbinate, sometimes roundish, wide at the base standing on a substratum, stem discoid, flattened, short, scarcely evident. v. genuina. Sporangia completely sessile, globose, irregularly flattened, often with kidney-shaped sporangia mixed together. 64 MYXOMYCETE8. a. Trichia varia, v. nigripes. Mucilago minima, Mich., t, 96, f. 4 (1729). Embolus albissimus, Hall Herb., p. 8 (1742). Embolus, Hall, No. 2138 (1768). Mucor pyriformis, Scop. Fl. Cam., 492 (1772). Mucor pomiformis, Leers Fl. Herb., 1136 (1775). Mucor lacteus, Leers Fl. Herb., 1132 (1775). Stemonitis pyriformis, Willd. Fl. Ber., 409 (1787). Embolus lacteus, Hoff. Veg. Cr., t. ii., f. 3 (1790). Sphceiocarpns chrysospermus, Bull., t. 417, f. 4 (?). Trichia olivacea, Pers. Obs., i., 62 (1796). Arcyria olivacea, Ransch (1797). Trichia cylindrica, Pers. Obs., ii., 33 (1799). Trichia cordata, Pers. Obs., ii., 33 (1799). Trichia nigripes, Pers. Syn., 178 (1801). a pyriformis, (3 cordata, y cylindrica, S vulgaris ; Fl. Dan., t. 1313,' f. 2 ; Curr. Micr. Journ., v., p. 128 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1185. Trichia craterioides, Corda Ic., ii., f. 85 (1838). • y Trichia varia, V. gexiuina. Lycogala luteum, Mich., t. 95, f. 4 (1729). Mucor quintus, Schff 296 (1770). Mucor granulatus, Schff., No. 286 (1770). Lycoperdon vesiculosum, Batsch, 283 (1786). Sphcerocarpus chrysospermuS) Bull., t. 417, f. 4 (?) Stemonitis varia, Pers. in Ginel, Sys, 1470 (1791). Stemonitis vesiculosa, Gmel. Sys., 1470 (1791). Trichia olivacea, Pers. Obs., 1., 62 (1796). Trichia varia, Pers. Disp., p. 10 (1797); Eng. Fl., v., 320 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1188. Lycoperdon luridum, Hedw. Obs., t. xi A. (1802). Trichia favoginea, Schum. Saell., 1455 (1803). Trichia applanata, Hedw., in DC. Organ, t. 60, f. 1 (1827). 78. Trichia chrysosperma. Hull. Sporangia in the typical form gathered in clusters, sessile ; elaters cylindrical, usually -0083 mm. diam., exceptionally only '005 mm., diain. terminating in a smooth end, which is straight or slightly bent, scarcely as long as the diameter of the elaters; spirals four to five, thin but little prominent ; between every two neighbouring spirals running parallel to the walls of the elater are thinner ridges unit- ing them like bridges ; spores globose, provided with a thickened network, *0017-'0026 mm. high, with polygonal meshes; diameter of spores, 'Ol-'OlOH mm. without, or '0125-'015 mm. including the thickness of the projecting network. — Rtfki. Mon., 255. On stumps. (Figs. 209, 213, 240.) MYXOMYCETES. 6*5 Lycoperdon gregarium, Retz. Obs. i., 33 (1769). Lycoperdon Javoginenm, Batsch., f. 173 (1786). Stemonitis pyriformis, Roth. Fl. Germ., i., 548 (1788). Sphcerocarpus chrysospermus, Bull. t. 417, f. 4 (1791). Stemonitis favoginea, Gmel. Sys., 1470 (1791). Trichia nitens, Pers. Obs., i., 62 (1796). Trichia favoginea, Pers. Disp., 10 (1797). Trichia chrysosperma, DC. Fl. Fr., 673 (1805); Eng. Fl. v. 320 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1187; Fungi. Britt., ii., 524, 527. Trichia turbinata, Purt. Brit., ii., 1115 (1817). Claihroides fiuvescens, Hall, t. 1, f. 7 (1742). Trichia, Hall, 2168, t. 48, f. 7 (1768). Lycoperdon aggregation, Retz. Fl. Scan., 1627 (1769). Lycoperdon epiphyllum, Light. Fl. Sc., 1069 (1777). Clathrus turbinatus, Huds. Fl. Aug., 632 (1778) ; Bolt., t. 94, f. 3. Trichia pyriformis, Vill. Fl. Dauph., 1060 (1789). Stemonitis pyriformis, Pers., in Gmel. Sys., 1468 (1791). Trichia turbinata, With. AIT., iv., 480 (1792); Sow., t. 85; Eng. Fl., v., 320; Cooke Hdbk., 1186. Trichia pyriformis, Pers. Disp. 10 (1797). Trichia olivacea, Pers. Obs., i., 62 (1796), in part. Trichia ovata, Pers. Obs., ii., 35 (1796) ; Schum. Saell., 1454; Fl. Dan., t. 1313, f. 1. Trichia vulgaris, Pers. Obs.. ii., 32 (1799). Physarum context-urn, Spr. Sys., ix., 20 (1817). Genus 35. PROTOTRICHIA. E. Tubes of capillitium, with one end grown to the lower part of the sporangium, the other running out into a free pencil of smooth spines. — Rtfki. Mon. Supp., 38. 79. Frototiichia fiagellifer. B. % Br. Sporangia sessile, globose, reflecting metallic tints, grown to the substratum by a very narrow base. Mass of spores and capillitium flesh-red. Tubes of capillitium very broad at the base, imper- ceptibly narrowed to the apex, expanding at the extremity into several nearly smooth ends (spines), with four spires indistinctly marked, or very narrow, preceding oftentimes broad depressions ; spores smooth, '01 -'012 mm. — Rtfki. Mon. Supp., 38. On spruce fir. Trichia flagellifer, B. & Br. Ann. N. Hist. (1866), No. 1143 t. 2, f. 4; Cooke Handbk., No. 1190. JDermatricha fiagellifer. Cooke MSS. F 66 MYXOMYCETES. FRAGILIS. lateritia. Decaisneana. TRICHIA. A. Bigyrae. Elaters cylindrical, with two spirals, sepa- rated by a space 3 or 4 times their diameter. VARIA. B. Polygyrae. Elaters cylindrical or fusiform, with more than two spirals. I. Elaters fusiform, sporangium stipitate. f Sporangium, together with the stem, forming only a common hollow. . FALLAX. j-f Hollow of the sporangium divided from the hollow of the stem by a proper membrane. Elaters '00415 mm. broad, with three spirals. .... Elaters '005 mm. broad, with four spirals, which are widened and flattened ..... II. Elaters cylindrical, t Sporangium stipitate Sporangium sessile. * Spores smooth or warted. Elaters -0042 mm. broad, with from four spirals covered with spines ..... Elaters -0033 mm. broad, with from four spirals, smooth, terminating in a smooth end, twice as long as the diameter of the elater. Elaters '0025--0033 mm. broad, with inconspicuous swellings near the end, terminating in a thin, smooth, sharp-pointed spine. Spi- rals from 2 to 4, scarcely to be distinguished. .... contorta. ** Spores provided with a thickened band. 1 Neighbouring spirals united into a band, by thin veins running parallel to the walls of the elater ! ! Spirals not thus united. Spirals from 3 to 5. Elaters •00415-*005 mm. broad. . affinis. Spiral from 3 to 4, covered with numerous spines. Ela- ters -00415 mm. broad. JacTcii. scabra. inconspicua. CHRYSOSPERMA, MYXOMYCETES. 67 Genii* 36. HE3YZIARCYIIIA. 7?. Tubes of the capillitium combined into a net, which is either free, or by means of its lower arms sunk in the midst of the con- tents of the tube of the stem. — Rtfki. Mon., 261. 80. Hemiarcyria rubifozmis. (Pers.) Sporangia usually fasciculate, collected in a short coalescing stem, often of a beautiful metallic lustre ; mass of spores and net of elaters brownish-red; tubes of the elaters •0042-*005 mm., very rarely branch ing, but not with numerous arms which terminate in free ends, either not distinctly narrowed, smooth, or swollen, and then provided with a short spine, or more rarely obtuse ; spirals two to four, usually three, flat, when matured armed with numerous spines, separated by depressions twice as broad as the spirals; spores 'Ol-'OllG mm. diam., with a stout but smooth membrane. — Rtfki. Mon., 262. On dead wood. (Fig. 201, 230, 231.) a. genuina. •Sporangia cylmdrico-turbinate, with a steel lustre or opaque, dark brown, stems in fascicles, distinctly connate, rusty- brown. p. Neesiana. Sporangia cylindrical, in the upper part a little swollen and rounded, of a steel lustre, shining black, or dark-brown, without a stem, growing together on a common hypothallus. y. tubulina. Sporangia collected in groups, angular by mutual pressure, connate amongst themselves, slightly convex at the apex, entirely without stem, with a steel lustre or dark brown. 8 plasmcdiocaxpia. Plasmodiocarp with an irregular form, the wide base grown to a rounded hypothallus. ClatJiroidcs pyri forme, Hall, t. i., f. 5 (1742). Trichia, Hall, t. 48, f. 5, No. 2167 (1798). ' Lycoperdon vesparium, Batsch, t. 30, f. 172 (1786). Stemonitis cinnabar in a, Roth. Fl. Germ., 347 (1788). Lycoperdon favaceum, Schr. Fl. Bav., ii., 667 (1789). Trichia pyriformis, Hoffm. Y. Cr., t. i., f. 1 (1790). Stemonitis fasciculata, Pers. in Gmel. Sys., 1468 (1791). Stemonitis vespuria, Gmel. Sys., 1070 (1791). Trichia rublformis, Pers. Disp., t. i., f. 3, t. iv., f. 3 (1797) ; Berk. Ann. N. H., No. 218; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1177. Trichia rubiformis, (3 minor, Pers. Disp., 54 (1797). Lycoperdon ferrugineum, Hedw., t. x., f. 1-4 (1802). 68 MYXOMYCETES. Trichia chalybea, Chev. Fl. Par., t. 9, f. 24 (1827). Trichia Neesiana, Corda Ic., i., f. 288 c (1837). Trichia Ayresii, B. & Br. Ann. N. H., No. 390 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1179. 81. Hernia* cyaria clavata. (Pers) Sporangia simple, more or less clavate, yellow, sinning, with a stem of the same colour, or reddish at the base ; mass of spores and capillitium yellow, ochrey-yellow, or ochrey -olive, or else brownish-ochre; tubes of elate r network -00415 mm. diaui., very often forked, but not with numerous arms, which terminate in free obtuse, now and then slightly swollen ends ; spirals five, very thin, distinctly running on the outside, separated by intervening depres- sions from two to three times as broad as the spirals ; spores '0083- •0092 mm. diam., delicately warted. — Rtjki. Mon., 264. On decayed wood. (Figs. 205, 207, 210, 238.) Clathrus pedatus, Schm. Ic., t. 33, f. 1, 17 (1776). Sphcerocarpus pyriformis, Bull., t. 417, f. 2 (1791). Stemonitis pyriformis, Gmel. Sys., 1469 (1791). Trichia pyriformis, Sibtb. Fl. Ox., 406 (1794) ; Sow., 400, f. 6. Trichia clavata, Pers. Disp., p. 11 (1797) ; Eng. FL, v., 320; Cooke Hdbk., 1183. Trichia citrina, Schum. Saell., 1460 (1803), Arcyria trichioides, Rudolph, Linnsea, p. 120 (1829). Trichia erythropus, Borszczow (1856). Trichia obtusa, Wignnd, p. 30, t. 11, f. 4 (1863). Trichia Thwaitesii, B. & Br., Ceylon Fungi, No. 776 (1873). 82. Hexniazcyria serpula. Scop. Plasrnodiocarp vein-like, creeping, usually combined into a loose net, mass of spores yellow; tubes of net -00415 mm. wide, very often furcate, terminating in numerous free ends which are not conspicuously narrowed, more or less one-and-a-half times the diameter of the capillitium in length ; spirals three to four, thin, but little prominent, separated by depressions three to four times as broad as the spirals, covered with numerous long spines of vari- able length. — Rtfki. Mon., 266. On rotten branches, leaves, &c. (Figs. 200, 227, 228.) Mucor serpula, Scop. Fl. Cam., t. 65 (1772). Ly coper don lumbricale, Batsch., f. 174 (1786). Trichia spongioides, Vill. Fl. Danpli., 1061 (1789). Stcmonitis lumbricaUs, Gmel. Sys., 1470 (1791). Trichia reticulata, Pers. Disp., 10(1797) ; Ic. & Desc., t. 12, f. 1. MYXOA1YCETES. GO Trichia serpula, Pers. Disp. 10 (1797) ; Eng. Fl. v., 320 ; Cooke Hdbk., 1189. Trichia serpula, /3 spongioides, Pers. Syn., 181 (1801). Trichia venosa, Sebum. Saell., 1456 (1808). Hyporhamma reticulatum, Corda Ic., v., 34 (1842). Trichia retiformis, Payer. Crypt., f. 574 (1850). Family 17. ARCYRIACE.E. Sporangia or a^thalia without lime ; capillitium of tubes more r;irely simple, usually branched, combined into a net, their walls provided with warted, ring-like, or borderlike thickenings ; walls of the sporangium, mass of capillitium and spores, usually uniformly coloured in the same sporangium ; the colouring of the very same species changing within very wide limits, usually red, more rarely yellow or whitish ; wall of sporangia usually simple, often pro- vided witb thickenings in the inner side, or more rarely in certain places bifurcated, the bifurcations consisting of coloured cells ; ajtbalium with nearly naked sporangia, covered with a two-layered tegument, containing numerous coloured cells of variable dimen- sions.— Rtfki. Man., 267. Genus 37. ARCYRIA. Hill. Sporangia of a regular shape, stipitate, dehiscing by a circular fissure, the upper portion evanescent, the lower part springing from an immediate prolongation of the stem in the form of a drinking- glass ; capillitium of numerous arms either grown to the receptacle or fixed in the midst of the closed tubes of the stem. — Rtfki. Mon., 270. 83. Arcyria punicea. Pers. Sporangia more or less ovate, of a beautiful lustre, usually with an elongated erect stem ; colour of the walls of the sporangia, tubes, stem, mass of capillitium and spores when mature, variable, mostly of a clear red or carmine-brown, more rarely nut-brown, now and then dirty-ochre, bright pale flesh-colour, or rusty -brown; tubes of the net of the capillitium very much flattened, '0033 mm. diam. ; thickenings in the form of half rings or rings, or spines witb half rings standing in rank, '00083 mm. high, encircling the thread in a spiral with a very diffuse twist ; spores smooth, '0067- •0075 mm. diam. — Rtjki. Hon., 268. On rotten stumps. (Fig. 190, 192, 197.) Clathroides purpureum, Mich., t. 94, f . 1 c (1729); Hall., pi. i., f. 6 (1742). Clathrus.pediculatus, Guett. Obs., 1, 16 (1747). drcyiia pedicula, Hill, p. 47 (1751). Clathrus (lenndatns, Linn., sp. pi. 1179 (1753). 70 MYXOMYCETES. Trichia, Hall, No. 2164, t. 48, f. 6 (1768). Mucor clathroides, Scop. Carr., ii., 492 (1772). Mucor pyriformis, Leers. Fl. Herb., 1135 (1775). Clathnts pedunculatus, Batsch. Kl., p. 141 (1783). Lycoperdon rufnm, Dicks Cry. fasc. i., p. 25 (1785). Stemonitis denudata, Relil. Fl. Cant. (1786). Embolus crocatus, Batsch., t. 30, f. 176 (1786). Stemonitis crocata, Willd. Fl. Ber., 1189 (1787). Stemonitis coccinea, Roth. Fl. Germ., i., 548 (1788). Trichia denudata, Vill. Fl. Dauph., 1060 (1789) ; Part. Mid. Fl., t. 24, f. 2 ; Sow., t. 49. Trichia graniformis, Hoffni. V. Cr. i., p. 3 (1790). Trichia cinnabaris, Bull., t. 502, fig. 1, b. c. (1791). Stemonitis crocea, Gmel. Sys., 1467 (1791). Trichia rufa, With. Arr., iii., p. 478 (1795). Arcyria punicea, Pers. Disp. p. 10 (1797) ; Eng. Fl., v., 318 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1170; Fungi. Britt., ii., 520. Trichia purpurea, Schum. Saell., 1472 (1803). Arcyria mfa, Schm. Saell., 1486 (1803). Arcyria melanoceplia/a, Schum. Saell., 1484 (1803). Arcyria conjugata, Schum. Saell., 1485 (1803). Arcyria cincta, Schum. Saell., 1480 (1803). Arcyria cylindrica, Schum. Saell, 1486 (1803). Trichia cinnabaris, DC. Fl. Fr., No. 688 (1805). Arcyria fusca, Fr. Gast., p. 17 (1818). Arcyria vernicosa, Rtfki. Mon. Supp., p. 36. 84. Arcyria pomifosrmis. Roth. Sporangia more or less globose, usually together with the stem 'erect ; colour bright ochrey-yellow, more rarely ochre, or ochre with a milky tinge ; tubes of the net of the capillitium, without regard to the expansions, '0023--0042 mm. diam. ; thickenings in the. form of very short spines, thickly scattered, but without order, all the tubes containing air ; spores smooth, "0075-'0083 mm. diam. — Rtfki. Mon., 271. On decayed wood. Stemonitis pomiformis, Roth. Fl. Germ., i., 548 (1788j. Stemonitis ochroleuca, Trent, in Roth., 221 (1797). Stemonitis lutea, Trent,, 221 (1797). Arcyria wnbrina, Schum. Saell., 1479 (1803) ; Berk. Ann. N. Hist./No. 389; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1174. Arcyria silacea, Ditm. t. 8 (1817). Arcyria ochroleuca, Fr. S. M., iii., 181 (1829) ; Berk. Ann. N. Hist., No. 115 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1175. Arcyria lutea, Schwz. Fungi Car., 2339 (1831). Arcyria globosa, Weinm, teste Fr. Stemonitis ochracea, Opiz. herb. MYXOMYCETES. 71 85. Arcyria cinerea. Bull. Sporangia ovate, or elongated-ovate, with an even, long, erect, straight stem ; mass of capillitiuin and spores usually bright-grey, more rarely greyish flesh-colour, greyish-yellow, straw-colour, or dull yellow ; tubes of capillitiuin developed in the interior, and on the outside of variable width, with variable thickenings, those of the interior reaching *0042-'005 mm., and those of the outside •0021-'0025 mm. diam. Thickenings of the inner and outer not equally spiny, but those of the interior warty, and the external very spinulose ; spores *0066-'U083 mm. diam., smooth. — Rtfki. Mon., 272. On stumps. (Figs. 182-185, 193.) Clathrus recutitiiSj Linn. Sp., 1649 (1764). Trichia, Hall., No. 2166 (1768). Trichia cinerea, Bull., t. 477, f. 3 (1791). Stemonitis recutita, Gruel. Sys., 1467 (1791). Stemonitis cinerea, Gmel. Sys., 1467 (1791). Arcyria albida, Eers. Disp., t. 1, f. 2 (1797). Stemonitis glauca, Trent., p. 221 (1797). Arcyria cinerea, Schurn. Saell., 1480 (1803) ; Fl. Dan., 1. 1975, f. 1 ; Eng. Fl., v., 318 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1172. Trichia carnea, Wall, in litt. Arcyria carnea, Wallr. Fl. Germ., 2234 (1833). Arcyria tricliioides, Corda Ic., ii., f. 86 (1838). Stemonitis grizea, Opiz. in Lotos, 215 (1855). Arcyria pallida, B. & C. Grev. (1873), No. 365. Arcyria stricta, Rtfki. Mori. Supp., p. 36. 86. Arcyria Friesii. B.8fBr. Sporangia gregarious, globoso-ovate, stipitate, cinereous ; caprl- litium with very confluent tubes of variable thickness, those in the centre being the stoutest ; tubes of the centre only slightly warted, or smooth, those of the exterior delicately warted ; capillitiunr coarser than in A. cinerea; spores glaucous, globose, '009--01 mm. diam. — Ann. N. Hist., No. 1602. On sawdust. (Figs, 251, 259.) Arcyria Friesii, B. & Br. Ann. N. Hist., No. 1602 ; Grevillea, v., p. 13. Arcyria cinerea, Fr. S. M. iii., 180, not Ball. 87. Arcyria incarnata. Pars. Sporangia in the type ovate, with an evanescent, short, erect stem, crowded in clusters ; mass of spores and capillitruni usually flesh-colour, more rarely rosy or umber, exceptionally ochre or 72 MYXOMYCETES carmine-brown ; net of the capillitium of cylindrical tubes -0042 mm. diam. ; thickenings in the form of a border of half rings or spines, or half rings standing in rank, more sharp pointed than stout, -0008 mm. ; spores smooth, -006--0075 mm. — RtfkiMon., 275. On rotten wood. (Figs. 187, 199.) Clathroides purpureum, Mich., t., 94, f. 2 (1729). Arcyria sessilis, Hill, p. 47 (1751). Clathrus ramosus, a., Retz. Yet. Hand., 253 (1769). Lycoperdon hypoxylon, Pallas., ii., 503 (1771). Clathrus adnatus, Batsch., p. 141 (1783). Stemonitis trichia, Roth. Fl. Germ., 1., 549 (1788). Stemonitis lilacina, Schr., Fl. Bav., ii., 1784 (1789). Stemonitis incarnata, Pers. in Gmel., 1467 (1791). Trichia cinnabaris, Bull., t. 502, f . 1 D (1791). Arcyria incarnata, Pers. Obs., t. v., f. 4, 5 (1796) ; Eng. Fl., v., 318 ; Cooke Hdbk., 1171. Stemonitis carnea, Trent., p. 222 (1797). Stemonitis globosa, Trent., p. 222 (1797). Trichia fiexuosa, Schum. Saell., 1465 (1803). Arcyria lilacina, Schum. Saell., 1476 (1803). Arcyria carnea, Schum. Saell., 1477 (1803). Arcyria deutata, Schum. Saell., 1478 (1803). Arcyria rosea, Spr. Arcyria incarnata, ft flexuosa, Fr. S. M., iii., 179 (1829). Arcyria nutans /3 exigua, Bong, in Weinm., 609 (1836). Arcyria flexuosa, Rubh. Fl. Cry., 2158 (1844). Arcyria adnata, Rtfki. Mon. Supp., p. 36. 88. Arcyria nutans. Bull. Sporangia cylindrical in the typical form, with a short, disappear- ing stem, so as to be seemingly sessile ; capillitium much relexed, drooping ; mass of spores and capillitium of a dull yellow colour, resembling that of chamois leather, or more rarely brownish- yellow ; tubes of the net of the capillitium when fully developed of variable width, -0033-*0042 mm. ; thickenings in the form of spines cover the thick tubes, amongst which others are met with, dispersed without order, having rings or half rings ; spores "0075- •0083 mm. diam., smooth. — Rtfki. Mon., 277. On rotten wood. Clathroides flavescens, Mich., p. 214 (1729). Clathroides longissimum, Hall, p. 10 (1742). Clathrus ramosus, /3. Retz. Vet Handl., 253 (1769). Trichia nutans, Bull., t. 502, f. 3 (1798) ; Sow., t. 260. Stemonitis nutans, Gmel., Sys., 1467 (1791). Arcyria fava, Pers. Obs., i., 85 (1796) ; Grev., t. 309. MYXOMYCETE8. 73 Stemonites amcena, Trent., p. 222 (1797). Tricliia elongata, Sebum. Saell., 1464 (1803). Arcyria ahitacea, Sebum. Saell., 1474 (1803). Arcyria nutans, Grev. Fl. Ed., p. 455 (1824); Eng. Fl. v.,319 ; Cooke Hdbk., No. 1173. Arcyria pollens, Wallr. in litt. Arcyria straminea, Wallr. Crypt. Germ., 2232 (1833). Arcyria mi-tans, c, minor. Bong., in Weinm, p. 609 (1836). 89. Arcyria ferruginea. Sautcr. Sporangia ovate, stem usually sbort, standing on a narrow substratum ; mass of spores and capillitium usually brick-red, now and tben ferruginous, reddish-ochre or ochre ; capillitium not very much entangled, tubes three-sided, with rounded angles, one side wall very thick, border-like parallel to itself, provided with erect thickenings, the two others furnished with irregular net-like delicate reticulations ; its width exhibits very variable increase oscillating even in the net of one sporangium, and mixed without considera- tion ; spores coloured whilst living, '0083--011 mm. diam. — Etfki. Mon., 280. On rotten wood, &c. (Fig. 194.) Arcyria ferruginea, Sauter., p. 316 (1811). Arcyria lateritia, DeBy. Mycet., 24 (1859), Arcyria ferruginea, Fckl. Sym., p. 337 (1869) ; Berk. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1603; Grevillea, v., p. 13. Arcyria intricata, Rtfki. Mon. Supp., p. 37. ARCYRIA. A. Capillitium of numerous branches grown to the receptacle. I. Sporangia ovate or elongated. Tubes of the capillitium of equal thickness throughout their whole length. ..... PUNICEA. Tubes of the capillitium expanded in tbe centre of the sporangium, and thinner at the margin. ! Sporangia with a simple erect stem. CINEREA. ! ! Several stems grown together in a bundle. ..... digitata. II. Sporangia spherical. . . POMIFORMIS. B. Lower arms of the capillitium grown in the midst of the cells filling the tube of the stem. 74 MYXOMYCETES. I. Tubes of the capillitium cylindrical. Thickenings 'strongly band-like, des- cribing a spiral or diffuse twist, with the rest of the tube covered with very small spines. ! Tubes of equal thickness throughout its entire length. ! ! Tubes in the upper part of the capillitium broader than in the lower. . . . . ft Thickenings strongly spiny, not numerous, mixed together with- out order in a diagonal band. . ff f Thickenings exclusively spiny. lickenings spiny, but with the spines united amongst them- selves, forming a thin, irregular network on the surface of the tubes. ..... Tubes of capillitium triangular, with the angles rounded. Thickenings on one side band- like, on the two others irre- gularly reticulated. INCARNATA. affinis. NUTANS. } » >1 20. Cribraria purpurea, network with thickenings. 21. Cribraria aurantiaca, network with thickenings. 22. Dictydium cernuum, network with thickenings. 23. Cribraria tenella, network with margin of receptacle. 24. Cribraria pyriformis, network with margin of receptacle. 25. Clathroptychium rugulosum, section of portion of eethalium. 26. Cribraria vulgaris, network with margin of receptacle. 27. Cribraria intricata, network with thickenings. 28. Clathroptychium rugulosum, permanent upper portion of wall of single sporangium. 29. Clathroptychium rugulosum, another view of the same. 30. „ „ diagrammatic plan of arrangement of sporangia in asthalium. 31 to 35. Stemonitis ferruginea, successive stages of growth. 36 to 39. „ „ sections of sporangium showing the colu- mella. 40. Stemonitis fusca, section of sporangia. 41. Stemonitis ferruginea, portion of columella. 42. 43, 44- ,, „ ends of columella. 45. Enerthenema elegans, section, with columella. 46, 47. Comatricha typhiua, section, with columella. 48, 49. Enerthenema elegans, section, with columella. 50. Stemonitis ferruginea. 51. Comatricha Friesiana, various forms of sporangia. 52. Enerthenema elegans, magnified sporangia. 53. Echinostelium minutum, capillitium. 54. „ „ stem and capillitium. 55. Lamproderina physarioides, portion of capillitium. 56. Comatricha Friesiana, natural size. 57. Enerthenema elegans, capillitium and columella. 58. Echinostelium minutum. 59. Lamproderma physarioides, section of columella with origin of capil- litium. 60. Brefeldia maxima, twin cells and threads. 61. Lamproderma columbina, section of columella. 86 MYXOMYCETES. Fig. 62. Lamproderma physarioides, section of columella. 63. Larnproderina Schirnperi, section of columella. 64. Lamproderma violacea, section of columella. 65. 66. Brefeldia maxima, sections of aethalium. 67. Amaurochrete atra, capillitium. 68. Echinostelium minutnm, portion of capillitium. 69. Brefeldia maxima, diagram of twin cells. 70. „ „ portion of capillitium, with twin cells. 71. Physarum cinereum, plasmodium. 72. „ „ sporangia. 73. Physarum conglomeratum v. nephroideum, nat. size. 74. Physarum didermoides, sporangia, enlarged. 75. 76. Physarum psittacinum, sporangia, enlarged. 77. Physarum leucophaBuni, sporangium. 78. „ ,, section of sporangia. 79. Physarum conglomeratum minutum, nat size. 80. Physarum nephroideum, sporangia, enlarged. 81- ,, „ section of sporangium. 82. „ „ capillitium. 83. Physarum Berkeley}, capillitium. 84. Physarum pulcherrinium, capillitinrn. 85. Physarnni cinerenrn, capillitium. 86. Physarum globuliferuni, section of sporangium. 87. Physarum didermoides, section of sporangium. 88. Physarum Berkeleyi, section of sporangium. 89. Physarnm leucophaeum, portion of wall, with threads. 90. Physarum conglomeratum, section of wall of sporangia. 91. Physarum sinuosum, section of sporangium. 92. Physarum Capense, capillitium. 93. Leocarpus fragilis, capillitium. 94. Craterum vulgare, section of sporangium. 95. Craterium minutum, cluster of sporangia. 96. Craterium vulgare, sporangia. 97. Fuligo varians, section of central stratum of sethalium. 98. Craterium leucocephaluru, young sporangium. 99. Craterium (Erstedtii, sporangia. 100. Craterium leucocephalum, sporangia. 101. Fuligo varians, capillitinrn and spores. 102. Crateriachea rnutabilis, columella and capillitium. ,, ,, sporangium. 104. Fuligo varians, capillitium. 105. Craterium Friesii, sporangia. 106. Fuligo varians, section of sethalium. 107. Cienkowskia reticulata, capillitium. 108. Badhamia lilacina. 109. „ ,, capillitium. 110. 111. Badhamia utricularis, sporangia. H2. ,, ,, capillitium. 113. Badhamia hyalina, sporangium. 114. Badhamia panicea, capillitium. 115. Scyphium rubiginosum, sporangia. 116. Badhamia panicea, sporangia. 117. Scyphium Curtisii, sporangia. 118. Badhamia macrocarpa, capillitium. 119. Scyphium Curtisii, section of sporangia. 120. 121. Badhamia macrocarpa, sporangia. 122. Chondrioderma pezizoides, section of sporangium. 123 to 127. Tilmacloche mutabilis, sporangia. 128. Didymium farinaceum, section of sporangium. MYXOMYUETES. 87 Fig. 129. Tilmadoche nntans, sporangium. 130. Tilmacloche gracilenta, sporangium. 131. Chondrioderma Michelii, sporangium, under side. 132. Tilmadoche mutabilis, capillitium. 133. Didymium microcarpum, sporangium. 131. Didymium Fuckelianum, section of sporangium. 135, 136. Chondrioderma testaceum, sporangia. 137. Chondrioderma difforme. sporangium. 138. Chondrioderma globosum, cluster of sporangia. 139. 140, 141. Didymium macrospermum, sections of sporangia. 142. Chondrioderma spumarioides a. carcerina, nat. size. 143, 141, 145. ,, ,, sporangia enlarged. 146. Chondrioderma Michelii, sporangium. 147. Didymium physarioides, section of sporangium. 148. Didymium squamulosum, section of sporangium. 149. 150. Chondrioderma Michelii, sporangia. 151. Chondrioderma spnmarioides [3. didermoides, sections of sporangia. 152, 153. Chondrioderma radiatum, sections of sporangia. 154. Chondrioderma CErstedtii, sporangium enlarged. 155, 156. Chondrioderma radiatum, sporangia. 157. Chondrioderma CErstedtii, section of wall of sporangium. 158. Spumaria alba, dendritic sporangium. 159. Lepidoderma tigrinum, section of sporangium. 160. ,, ,, sporangium enlarged. 161. 162, 163. Chondrioderma Trevelyani, sporangia. 164, 165. Chondrioderma difforme, sections of sporangia. 166. Didymium complanatum, portion of capillitium. 167. Didymium dubiuni, portion of capillitium. 168. Chondrioderma Stahlii, portion of capillitium. 169. Chondrioderma calcareum, portion of capillitium. 170. Chondrioderma radiatum, portion of capillitium. 171. Didymium farinaceum, portion of capillitium. 172. Spumaria alba, portion of capillitium. 173. Didymium spumarioides, threads of capillitium passing from centre to circumference. 174. Didymium farinaceum. 175. Spumaria alba, cluster, natural size. 176. Chondrioderma Alexandrowiczii, capillitium. 177. Didymium microcarpum, part of wall, with threads. 178. Diacheea leucopoda, columella and capillitium. 179. Lepidoderma Chailettii, capillitium. 180. Didymium complanatum, section of plasmodiocarp. 181. Didymium confluens, group of crystals. 182. 183. Arcyria cinerea, sporangia. 184. „ „ portion of inner capillitium. 185. ,, ,, outer portion of capillitium. 186. Lachnobolus circinans, portion of capillitium. 187. Arcyria incarnata, sporangia, enlarged. 188. Pericha3na corticalis, capillitium. 189. Cornuvia serpula, thread and spores. 190 & 192. Arcyria, thickenings of the walls of the sporangia. 191. Trichia varia, thickenings of the walls of the sporangia. 193. Arcyria cinerea, portion of wall of sporangium, with attached threads. 194. Arcyria ferruginea, portion of capillitium. 195. Arcyria dictyoneina, portion of capillitium. 196. Arcyria CErstedtii, portion of capillitium. 197. Arcyria punicea. 198. Oligonema nitens, threads and spores. 88 MYXOMVCETES. Fig. 199. Arcyria incarnata, portion of network. 200. Hemiarcyria serpula, plants, natural size. 201. Hemiarcyria rubiformis, sporangia, enlarged. 202. Trichia varia, sporangia, enlarged. 303. Trichia fragilis, section of sporangium. 204. ,, ,, a. genuina, Botrytis, sporangia. 205. Hemiarcyria clavata, portion of network. 206. Didymium coufluens, natural size. 207. Hemiarcyari clavata, mass of capillitium and spores. 208. Trichia varia, nigripes, diagrams of variety in form of sporangia. 209. Trichia chrysosperma, diagrams of variation in form. 210. Hemiarcyria clavata, diagrams of variation in form. 211. Trichia fallax, diagrams of variation in form. 212. Trichia varia, section of sporangium. 213. Trichia chrysosperma, tip of elater. 214. 215, 216, 217. Trichia scabra, tips of elaters. 218. Trichia varia, tip of elater. 219, 220. Trichia Decaisneana, tips of elaters. 221. Trichia fallax, tip of elater. 222. ,, ,, portion of elater. 223. Trichia lateritia, tip of elater. 224. ,, ,, portion of elater. 225. Trichia fragilis, tip of elater. 226. ,, „ portion of elater. 227. Hemiarcyria serpula, tip of elater. 228. ,, ,, end of elater. 229. Trichia contorta, end of elater. 230. 231. Hemiarcyria rubiformis, tips of elaters. 232. Hemiarcyria Wigandii, portion of elater. 233, 234, 235. Trichia fallax, elaters variedly branched. 236. Trichia fallax, unbranched elater and spore. 237. Trichia varia, elater and spore. 238. Hemiarcyria clavata, tip of elater. 239. Trichia scabra, spore. 240. Trichia chrysosperma, spore. 241. Trichia affinis, spore. 242. Trichia Jackii, spore. The following figures are additional, and are not contained in Rostafinski : — 243. Chondrioderma Cookei, sporangia enlarged. 244. ,, ,, capillitium and spore. 245. Didymium sinapinum, sporangia enlarged. 246. Lamproderma arcyrioides, var. iridea, sporangia. 247. » >j columella and part of capillitium. 248. „ „ small portion of capillitium. 249. ,, ,, spores X 500. 250. Lamproderma arcyrioides, spores of typical form X 500. 251. Arcyria Friesii, sporangia, enlarged. 252. Hemiarcyria leiocarpa, sporangium and capillitium. 253. Physarum auriscalpium, sporangium enlarged. 254. ,, ,, capillitium and spores X 500. 255. Hemiarcyria leiocarpa, portion of elater. 256. Trichia abrupta, tips of elaters. 257. Arcyria cinerea, spores X 500. 258. Trichia scabra, var. aurea, tip of elater and spore. 259. Arcyria Friesii, capillitium and spores X 500. INDEX. JETHALIUM. atrum. Preiiss candidum. Sclil. ferrincola. Schwz, ... flavum. Lk. melaenum. Cliev. ... rufum. Wallr. rufum. Alex. ... septicum. Fr. septicum. b. vaporarium liabh. vaporarium. Fr. violaceum. Spr. ALWISIA. B. & Br. bombarda. B. $ Br.... AMAUROCH.ETEJS ... Amauxochaete. /?. Amaurochcete atra (A. & S.) AMAUROSPORE^E ....... AHPHISPOKIUM. versicolor. F. ...... Analytical key to — Badbamia Chondrioderma ... Didymium ...... Genera ... Pkysarum ANEME^E ANGIORIDIUM. sinuosum. Grev. ARCYRFACEJE ......... Axcyxia. Hill ....... adnata. It. adnata. Batsch. albida. P ....... alutacea. Sclium. atra. Schum. carnea. Sclium. carnea. Wallr. cincta. Schum. cinerea. Bull. cinerea. Fr. conjugata. Sclium. ... cylindrica. Schum. ... dentata. Schum. elongata. Bong ferruginea. Saut. flava. Pers ....... flexuosa. Ralh. Friesii. B. & Br. fusca. Fr. globosa. Weinm. glomerata. Fr. incarnata. P. incarnata. fe. flexuosa. Fr. intricata. R. ... lateritia. DBy. leucooepbala. And.... leucocephala. Hojff. ... lilacina. Schum. lutea. Schiuz ....... melanocepbala. Sell. nutans. Bull, PAGE. .. 55 24 24 21 55 24 24 24 24 24 24 63 52 45 52 52 10 ... 39 ... 28 ... 42 ... 35 ... 4 ... 16 ... 53 ... 14 ... 69 ... 69 ... 72 ... 83 ... 71 ... 73 ... 51 72 ... 71 ... 70 ... 71 ... 71 ... 70 ... 70 ... 72 62 ... 73 ... 73 ... 72 ... 71 ... 70 ... 70 ... 77 71 ... 72 73, 83 ... 73 ... 19 ... 20 ... 72 ... 70 ... 70 72 Arcyxia. Hill nutans. Grev. nutans. /3. exigua. Bonq. nutans, c. minor. Bong. ochroleuca. Fr. olivacea. Rausch. pallens. Wallr. pallida. B # G. pedicula. Hill. pomiformis. Roth. ... punicea. Pers. rosea. Spr. rufa. Schum. sessilis. Hill. silacea. Ditm. straminea. Wallr. ... stricta. R. tricbioides. Corda. ... tricbioides. Hud. umbrina. Schum. vernicosa. R. Badhamia. Berk. capsulifer. G. capsulifera. (Bull). ... capsulifertim. Berk. ... dictyospora. R. fulvella. B. fulvescens. G. hyalina. (Pers). inaurata. Curr. lilucina. (Fr.) nitens. B. pallida. B. rubiginosa. (Cbev.) ... utricularis. (Bull). Key to species. BOVISTA. miniata. Dill. Bxefeldia. R maxima. (Fr,) BYSSUS. bombycina. Retz. CALCARE.E CALONEME^E CARCERINA. spumarioides. Fr valvata. Fr. ... Chondrioderma. R. ... analytical key ... Carmicbselianurn (B.) contextum. R. Cookei. R deplanatum. (Fr.) d/ifforme. (P.) ... flori forme. (Bull). ... globosum. (P). lucidum (B. & Br.) ... Michelii. (Lib.) niveum. E. (Erstedtii. E. physarioides. DC. ... rodiatum. (Linn.) ... spumarioides. (Fr.) ... Trevelyani. Gr. PAGE. ... 69 ... 73 ... 72 ... 73 ... 70 ... 64 ... 72 ... 71 ... 69 ... 70 ... 69 ... 72 ... 70 ... 72 ... 70 ... 72 71, 83 ... 71 ... 68 ... 70 70, 83 ... 25 ... 16 ... 26 ... 26 ... 82 ... 27 ... 28 ... 25 ... 28 ... 27 26, 81 ... 27 ... 82 ... 26 ... 28 ... 75 ... 53 ... 53 ... 45 ... 10 ... 60 39 ... 14 ... 36 ... 42 ... 42 14 81 82 ... 39 41 39 ... 41 ... 37 ... 37 41 ... 37 ... 40 ... 38 40, 82 16, 90 INDEX. PAGE. Cienkowskia 11 CIENKOWSKIACE.E 10 CIONIUM . Link. farinaceum. Lie. ... ... 32 farinaceurn. Nees. ... ... 34 floriforme. Spr 41 globosum. Spr. ... ... 40 iridis. Ditm. ... ... ... 32 squamulosum. Spr.... ... 34 stellate. Spr. .. ... 41 tigrinum. Lk. .. ... 44 Trevelyani. Spr. .. ... 40 umbilieaturn. Spr. .. ... 41 xanthopus. Ditm. .. ... 32 CLATHROIDASTRUM. obscurum. Mich. ... 46, 47 CLATHROIDES. flavescens. Hall 65 flavescens. Mich. ... ... 72 longissimum. Hall 72 purpureum. Mich. ... 69, 72 pyriforme. Hall. ... ... 67 CLATHROPTYCHIACE^; 55 Clathxopytychium. A'. ... 55 rugulosum. (Wallr.) 55 CLATHRUS. adnatus. Batscli. ... ... 72 denudatus. Linn 69 nudus. Bolt. ... ... ... 47 nudus. VI. Dan 48 nudus. L 46 pedatus. Schm. ... ... 68 pediculatus. Guet. ... ... 69 pedunculatus. Batsch. ... 70 pertusns. Batsch. ... ... 43 ramosus. Retz. ... ... 72 ramosus. 6. Retz 73 recutitus. Linn. ... ... 71 sphserocephalos. Relil. ... 31 turbinatus. Huds 65 CLAUSTRIA. didermoides. Fr 11 COLUMELLIFER^E 83 Coxnatxicha. Preuss 47 alba. Preuss. 48 Friesiana. DBy 48 obtusata. Preuss. ... ... 48 Persoonii. R 49 pulcliella. (Rab) 49 typliinw. (Roth) 47 Coxnuvia. R 76 circumscissa. Wall 76 metallica. R 16, 76 Cratexiachea. R 20 Cxatexium. Trent 18 aureum. (Schum.) ... 20, 81 deoperculatum. Fr. ... 20 floriforme. Scliw 63 leucocephalutn. Ditm. 18, 20 leucocephalum. Qrev. ? ... 19 leucocephalum (Pers.) ... 19 leucoatictum. Fr 20 minutuvn. (Leers.) ... ... 19 minutum. Fr. 19 irinutum. Cooke. ... 18 PAGE. Cxatexium. Trent 18 mutabile. Fr 20 pedunculatum. Trent. ... 18 pendulum. Fr. 20 pruinosum. Corcla. ... ... 20 pyriforme. Ditm. ... * turbinatuin. Fr 19 vulgare. Ditm. ... ... 18 vulgare. Chev. 20 xanthopus. Wallr. ... CRIBRARIACE-ffi 57 Cxibxaxia. Pers. 57 argillacea. Pers. ... ... 59 aurantiaca. Schrad.... ... 58 aurantiaca, 7 sulphurea, Wallr. 58 cernua. P. ... ... .. 57 fulva. Schrad. ... .. 58 intermedia. Berk. ... .. 58 intermedia. Schrad. .. 58 intricata. Schrad. ... .. 59 macrocarpa. Schrad. .. 59 micropus. Schrad ... .. 59 rufa. (Roth.) 58 rutescens. P. ... ... 58 variabilis. Ficin 58 vulgaris, /8 aurantiaca. P.... 58 CUPULARIA. leucocephala. Lk. ... ... 20 mutabilis. RabJi. ... ... 20 xanthopus. Rabh 20 CYATHUS. cinereus. Purt. 20 minutus. Hoffm. ... ... 19 DERMATRICHA. Cooke. flagellifer. Cooke. ... ... 65 Dexmodium. I? 74 fallax. Nees 54 inquinans. Fr. ... . . 53 inquinans. Lk. ... . . 52 Diachaea. Fr 44 elegans. Fr 45 leucopoda. (Bull.) 44 DlCTTDI^THALIUM. R. applanatum. R. ... ... 56 Dictydium. Schrad. ... 57 ambiguum. Schr 57 cernuum. (P.) 57 cernuum. Nees. ... ... 57 trichipides. Chev 57 umbilicatum. Schr. ... ... 57 DlCTTOSTELTACE^. 54 Dictyostelium. Bref. ... 53 DIDERMA. Fries. atrovirens. Fr. 23 Carmichaelianum. B. 42, 82 citrinum. B 83 citrinum. Fr 12 compactum. Walr. ... ... 12 concinnum. B. 4- C 82 contextum. Pers. ... ... 14 contortum. Fckl 14 contortum. Hoff. ... ... 38 crassipes. Schum 41 cyanescens. Fr 39 deplanatum. Fr 37 difforme. P. ... 39 IXDEX. 91 PAGE. DIDERMA. Fries. floriforme. P. 41 globosum. P.... ... ... 40 leuficulare. Wallr 38 lepidotum. Fr. 41 Libertianum. Fres 39 lucidum. B. # Br 42 inuscicola. Lk. 32 Neesii. Corda. 39 nitens. Klotsch 39 oblongum. Schum 11 ochroleucum. B. ... ... 14 costatum. Fr. ... ... 34 croceoflavum. B. <$• Br. ... 81 dcedaleum. B.&Br 35 difforme. Duby 39 farinaceum. Schrad. ... 31 farinaceum. Purt. ... ... 81 filamentosum. Wallr. 32, 34 floriforme. Schrad 41 geaster. Lk 41 globosum. Chev 40 globosum, v. stipitatum. Sch. 34 hemisphericum. B 38 hemisphericum. Fckl. ... 15 hemisphericum. Fr 32 hemiaphericum. Wallr. ... 31 herbarum. Fr. 34 iridis. Fr 33 lateritium. B. $ Br 81 leoninum. B. $Br 83 leucopus. Fr 12, 34 leucopus. Lk. 12 Libertianum. DBary. ... 39 lobatum. Nees. 32 lobatum /3 stipitatum. Somm. 32 marginatum. Fr. ... 21, 32 megalosporum. B. Sf 0. ... 82 PAGE. Didymium. Schrad 30 melanopus. Wallr. ... 13, 33 melanopus. Fr 32 melanopus, /3 clavus. Fr. ... 31 melanopus, $ clavus. Wallr. 15 melleum. B. . • •• sanguineum. Buxb. ... sanguineum. Rupp.... gphaaricuin. Gled. stipitatum. Retz. undulinum. Schum ... variolosum. Hucls. ... verrucosum. Batsch.... vesiculosum. Batsch. vesparium. Batsch. ... MUCILAGO. Hucilago 2. Mich Mucilago 7. Mich .. Mucilago. No. 2129. Hall. gestiva. Mich ... ... Crustacea. Mich. Crustacea alba. Batt. filamentosa. Bon. minima. Mich. MUCOB. albus. Sobol. ... araneosus. Jacq. cancellatus. Batsch. ... capitulo fusco. Scop. capitulispyriformis. Fl. clatbroides. Scop. ... embolus. Linn. fragiformis. Schaeff. ... granulatus. Schff. ... lacteus. Leers. lycogala. Scop. lycogalus. Bolt. Ijcoperdioides. Scop. miniatus. Jacq. mucilago. Scop. pomiformis. Leers, ... primus ovatus. Schf. pyriformis. Leers. ... pyriformis. Scop. quintuf. Schjf. ... secundus. Schceff. septicus. ~Lk. eerpula. Scop* sptserocephalas. Batsch. stemonitis. Scop- tertius. Schjf'. iii. sprsericus. Gled... tubulosus. Retz. unctuosus flavus. Suds. MUCORES. Gled. MUCORII. Gled MTCOGALA. bicolor. P NlDTJLARIA. minuta. With. Oligonexna. R. OPHIOTHECA. chrysosperms. Curr. PAGE. .. 68 .. 64 .. 24 23 75 62 41 70 75 75 75 32 56 75 64 ... 64 ... 67 ... 45 ... 40 ... 45 ... 24 ... 13 ... 45 ... 45 ... 64 ... 21 ... 46 ... 57 ... 47 Dan. 62 ... 70 ... 48 75 64 64 75 60 78 62 24 64 24 70 64 64 75 24 68 31 47 24 75 54 24 24 45 PAGE. 77 77 .. 78 .. 78 ... 78 ... 78 ... 77 78 ... 78 84 ... 78 76,84 ... 19 ... 77 77 Perichaena. Fr. abietina. Fr. ... artocreas. B. <£• Rav. corticalis. (Batsch.) decipiens. B. & Br. ... depressa. Lib. ... fusco-atra. (Sibth.) microcarpa. Saut. ... picea. B.