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Biobsical FEBRUARY, er BNTON

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SS E72 A ies meee eae ee ee are
“-BNTOMOLOGI AL
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Ent. News, VoL. XXII. Plate II.

LARVA OF CORA (ODONATA)—CALVERT.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VoL. XXII. FEBRUARY, IogIt. We: * 2:
CONTENTS:

Calvert—Studies on Costa Rican Odo- | Pollard—A Remarkable Dragonfly .... 79
(2 ED oo ecdgh ds Apeeees eS oepeaeee 49 | Cockerell—A new Chalcidid from an
Fall—The Tenth Pleocoma (Col.) ..... 64 Oak Galli(Pym:) 22.322 ec -csasiewe 82
Beutenmuller—Descriptions of New NEiditoriall: osc ceeieens «ce eine tebe s cee 83

Species of Cynipidae (Hym.) ...... 67a | NOLES ANGUNGWSree ao soos sens mele cen ae 84
Nunenmacher—Studies Amongst the | Entomological Literature ............. 87

Coccinellidae, No. 2 (Col.)......... Wi |), DOmps OnGOcielies s: «...asceacee acces 04
Kellogg and Paine—Mallophaga from

CAbforuan Birds. --.........-----. 75 |

Studies on Costa Rican Odonata.
I—The Larva of Cora.
By Puitip P. CALvert, Pu. D.
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
(With Plates II and III)

In the course of our entomological researches in Costa Rica,
a brief outline of which has already appeared in ENToMOLOoG-
1cAL NeEws,* I collected some Odonate larvae of a form hith-
erto undescribed and which, it now appears, are certainly of
the genus Cora. One of these was found at Peralta, Costa
Rica, March 24, 1910, in a shallow brook in the woods west
of the railroad station, clinging to a submerged stone. The
altitude was about 335 meters, or 1100 feet. This larva died a
few days later and was preserved in alcohol. A second is
recorded in our diary, from Juan Vifias, April 27, IgIo, as
follows: “About half a mile farther [westward from the
farther waterfall along the railroad from Juan Vifias station]
is a third fall, or rather cascade, reached by a little trail
through a bit of exceedingly thick damp woods full of wild
ginger [Costus sp., Costa Rican name cafiagria], heliconias,

* Vol. XXI, pp. 334-337, July, 1910.
49

50 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Heb «1a

ferns and caladiums. The stream is extremely pretty and
ought to be a favorite haunt of many forest-loving species,
but the day was very dark with intervals of rain and we saw
no adult dragonflies. After long hunting among the fallen
leaves and stones of the brook, P. found a larva with extra
gills along the sides of the abdomen. This we suspect may be
the larva of Cora, a point still to be determined however.”

The diary for April 29, 1910, also at Juan Vifias, reads:
“To-day was exceedingly dark and at times with very thick
mist, altho’ there was no heavy rain. While A. wrote in the
morning, P. collected some food for some living dragon-larvae
gathered here. While so doing he found another and some-
what larger larva of the sort which we suspect to belong to
the genus Cora. It is remarkable in having attached to each
side of some of the forward abdominal segments a finger-like
gill, a peculiarity possessed by no other American dragon-larva
as far as known. Our chief interest in larva-raising now centres
on these two individuals.”

Still at Juan Vifias, the diary of May 2, 1910, records:
“With a lunch, rubber poncho and umbrella, the latter two for
investigating the farther waterfall, I set out for that spot,
examining the ditch along the [railroad] tracks which carries
the water from this fall. In going and coming, I found in
all three of the supposed Cora larvae in this outflow. Those
found last week lacked the caudal gills which, altho’ forming
part of the proper equipment of a whole suborder of dragonfly
larvae, seem to be of indifferent use and value, for many larvae
lose them by accident or by the bite of a brother or an enemy
and yet pass their larval existence as tranquilly and accomplish
their transformations as successfully as their brethren. * * *
The three larvae found to-day have their caudal, as well as
their lateral, abdominal gills, which latter have already been
briefly mentioned. The three caudal gills are very odd-looking.
They appear as if cut off straight across the tip, instead of
tapering as usual, the straight edge [i e. tip]then scalloped
into three points, Each gill is much inflated and, as the gills

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 51

are each [a fifth] as long as the short ‘pudgy’ body, the effect
is to give the larva the appearance of ‘tail-heavy.’ When first
taken into the hand these three larvae remained motionless,
‘playing ‘possum’ as it were for a minute or two, and then
took to their legs with some speed. In spite of their double
equipment of gills, the Cora (?) larvae found do not frequent
a different abiding place from less richly ‘engilled’ dragons,
their fellow inhabitants being larvae of Hetaerina, Argia and
common types of Libellulinae.” The ditch in which these
larvae were found was at this time one to two feet wide and
rarely as much as eight inches deep; it contained many small
stones on the under sides of which the larvae were found. The
waterfall, whose outflow it was, was perhaps thirty feet high and
was in turn fed by a stream descending in occasional cascades
through forest from a height of several hundred feet higher.
We took or saw imagos of Cora chirripa at this waterfall in
different months, at previous visits, and on April 30 and May
2, 1910. The altitude at which all the Cora larvae from Juan
Vifias were found was about 1000 meters, or 3300 feet.

On April 30, 1910, Mrs. Calvert went from Juan Vinas to
our headquarters at Cartago, taking with her the Cora larvae
of April 27 and 20, and placed them in our rearing jars. I
followed on May 4 with the three larvae of May 2. At 6:50
P. M. of the same day occurred the great earthquake which
destroyed Cartago. Its effect upon our larvae in rearing has
been briefly described in the NEws as quoted, but by the great-
est good fortune the bottle containing the Cora larvae of May
2 was the single one—of all our living Odonata— that rolled
out and escaped destruction from the fallen wall. Two of the
larvae were alive and were carried in safety to our steamship at
Port Limon. A second died May 7, and the third, with a
supply of mosquito eggs to furnish food, started with us on the
voyage to New York, but expired on May 14, three days be-
fore we landed. Each larva, as soon as its death was discov-
ered, was placed in alcohol, but evidently was not in a condition
for histological study. This fact must be remembered in judg-

52 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’11

ing of the shrunken condition of some parts, e. g. the tissues
represented in figs. 20 and 25.

There thus have been available for the present description four
larvae which may be designated as follows:

No. 1. @. Peralta as above, total length including antennae and
caudal gills 16.5 mm.; length of body excluding the parts named 11.5
mm.

No. 2. @. Juan Vifas, May 2, in fragments.

No. 3. ¢. Juan Vifias, May 2, measurements as above, 20.5 and 17
mm. respectively.

No. 4. @. Juan Vifias, May 2, measurements the same as those
of No. 3.

No. 3 has furnished dissections of internal organs. Nos. 1 and 4
have been kept almost intact.

DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVAE.

Head deeply concave posteriorly (Plate III, fig. 21) for reception
of the prothorax. Compound eyes and ocelli distinct. Six pale yellow-
ish spots indistinctly visible on the upper surface of the head, two in
front of the median ocellus, one anterior to and one posterior to each
lateral ocellus; some of these spots wanting in some specimens.

Antennae 7-jointed, but the last joint only visible under the com-
pound microscope (PI. II, fig. 10); ratios of the lengths of the joints,
in a detached antenna under a cover-glass, 21, 26, 17, II, 9, 5.5, 3;
joints 1 to 6 successively decreasing in thickness; joints 1 and 2 clothed
with a dense pile, which is longest in larva No. 1, and consists of flat-
tened scales as shown in fig. 5. A similar pile is found on many other
parts of the body, such as the anterior margin of the nasus, the lateral
margins of the head posterior to the middle of the compound eyes,
margins and ridges of the thoracic and abdominal segments, of legs and
of wing-pads, a transverse ante-apical line on abdominal segments I-10
for the entire width of the dorsum, much of the surfaces of the caudal
gills, etc. This pile is longer and more conspicuous on larva No. 1 than
on the other three. Joints 3-7 of the antennae have a decreasingly
smaller amount of pile.

Mandibles stout two-branched, external branch larger, its apex with
five teeth, first two teeth, counting from the dorsal margin, less distinct
from each other than are the other three, fourth tooth longest. In-
ternal branch in larvae Nos. 1, 3 and 4 larger on the Jeft mandible than
on the right mandible (right mandible lacking in larva No. 2) and on
the left mandible its apex is truncated and with seven teeth or crena-
tions, dorsal-most largest (Plate II, fig. 16). On the right mandible
the apex of the internal branch is pointed and has only two teeth.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 53

Mazillae with the inner lobe attenuate at tip, which bears three
short internal teeth, and three long, slender, curved, internal processes
and a row of strong setae. (PI. III, figs. 20, 31). Labium, when fold-
ed at rest, reaching back to the bases of the prothoracic legs but not
as far as the hind ventral prothoracic margin; median (mental) lobe
but very slightly produced distad in the middle and with a very slight
median cleft, distal margin crenulate with a very short seta between
each crenulation and its neighbor; just within the crenulations a short
distance on each side of the median cleft is a small pointed tooth (fig.
28, t*) on the dorsal surface; mental setae few (2-4 on each side of
the median line both on dorsal and ventral surfaces) and short; lateral
lobes with a long curved tapering terminal spine and three distal
teeth of which the most internal (mesial) is shortest and is truncate
while the other two are pointed. (PI. III, figs. 27, 28, 30).

Prothorax with three lateral tubercles, a dorso-lateral (a) which
is dorsal to an antero-lateral (b) and, posterior to (b), a postero-later-
al (c). On the mesothorax the place of a of the prothorax is occupied
by the spiracle, b is present while c is represented by a double tubercle.
None of these tubercles are represented on the metathorax which has an
indistinct spiracle on its lateral surface (Pl. II, 14, msp). Front wing
pads reach to the hind end of abdominal segment 6 in larva No. 1, to
the hind end of segment 4 in larvae Nos. 3 and 4. Hind wing-pads reach
almost to the mid-length of segment 7 in larva No. 1, to mid-length of
segment 5 in Nos. 3 and 4. (In Pl. Il, fig. 14, the wing-pads have been
divaricated and are not in exactly normal positions, hence the difference
between the preceding sentence and the figure). Legs not of a burrow-
ing type, tarsi 3-jointed with an empodium-like structure (PI. II, figs.
6, 12).

Abdomen triangular in cross-section, of ten complete seginents,
which decrease slightly in width from 1 to 8; 9 and Io distinctly narrow-
er Owing to their lateral margins not being produced laterad as far as
on the segments preceding (Pl. II, fig. 15). A curved, caudad-directed,
mid-dorsal hook on segments 2-9 (larva No. 1) or I-g (larvae Nos. 3
and 4), hooks increasing in length from segment I or 2 to segment 7
or 8, that of 9 slightly shorter than that of 8 (PI. II, fig. 14). Hind
dorsal margin of segment 10 with a wide median notch whose depth
is half, or less than half, the length of the segment. (PI. II, fig. 8).
Segments 2-7 each with a pair of tapering, finger-like ventral gills.
Rudiments of ¢ genitalia on the ventral side of segment 2 indistinct
in larva No. 1; in larva No. 3 they consist of two distinct black lines
reaching from the intersegmental groove of I-2 to behind the hind end
of the sternite of 2. Rudiments of ¢ gonapophyses are present on
segment 9 of larvae Nos. 1 and 3 (PI. Il, fig. 18). Rudiments of 9
gonapophyses are shown in PI. II, figs. 7, 8, 14, 15.

54 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’11

The three caudal gills together are much wider than the abdomen
at its widest part. Each one is petiolate at base and much enlarged in
all diameters beyond the petiole. Median gill approximately equal in
length to that of segments 8+9+10, much enlarged dorso-ventrally and
less so laterally immediately after the petiole, thence increasing in
height gradually and slightly to the apex which is triangulate in profile
view, the ventral angle most obtuse, the median angle most acute, the
dorsal angle projecting not as far caudad as the other two. At a little
less than half length from the base there is an angular protuberance on
each side at about one-fourth height of the gill from the dorsal crest,
so that there are in all five angular projections on this gill. Most of
the chitin of this gill is brown and opaque, or at most only translucent,
and is covered with scales, but on each of the two lateral faces there is
an area of colorless transparent chitin occupying the ventral two-fifths
of the height and about four-fifths of the length from the base caudad
(Pl. II, fig. 14) lacking scales.

Each lateral caudal gill is somewhat longer than the median gill,
roughly triangular in cross-section, one surface being convex, the other
two approximately plane. These latter two are ventral and internal
(mesial) respectively, the convex surface is lateral (external) and
dorsal and greater in extent than either of the other two. There are
four angular protuberances: one at half-length, or a little less than
half-length, of the gill on the middle of the convex dorso-external sur-
face; one at three-fourths of the length of the gill on the convex sur-
face close to the margin of the mesial surface; one at seven-eighths of
the length of the gill on the middle of the convex surface; and one, the
most obtuse, forming the apex of the gill. The convex dorso-external
surface of the gill is of brown chitin and scale-covered, the ventral and
mesial surfaces chiefly of colorless, transparent chitin and lacking scales,
except along the margins where each meets the dorso-external sur-
face respectively. (PI. II, figs. 3, 4, 9, 14, 15).

Between the bases of the three caudal gills are the rudiments of
the superior appendages or ‘cercoids’ of the imago (PI. II, figs. 7, 8,
sa.) and the supra-anal (sf/) and sub-anal (sb/) laminae. The rudi-
ments of the ‘cercoids’ are simple, cylindrical or conical, with rounded
apices, and vary in length, in the four larvae, from about one-third to
more than one-half of the length of abdominal segment 10. The sub-
anal plates reach to about mid-length of the ‘cercoids’; each one is de-
pressed, its apex squarely truncate but produced apparently into a short
spine at its mesial angle when viewed dorsally or ventrally; this ap-
parent spine is the end view of a vertical lamina.

The main abdominal tracheal trunks and their branches are shown
in Pl. III, figs. 22, 20; Pl. II, figs. 9, 17, 19. The ventral gills of ab-
dominal segments 2-7 receive each two tracheae from two separate

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 55

branches of the main lateral trachea and the gill tracheae divide and
redivide inside each gill (PI. III, figs. 20, 25, 26). Owing to the opacity
of the chitin, the thickness of the gills and the obstacles met in clear-
ing them, I have not been able to make out more than the main branches
of the tracheae supplying the caudal gills (Pl. II, fig. 9). The stomach
is supplied from two anterior and two posterior tracheae, one anterior
and one posterior on its right side and similarly on its left side. The
right and left anterior gastric tracheae lie parallel and close together
on the dorsal surface of the oesophagus and crop; each is probably a
derivative from the main dorsal trunk of its own side of the body, but
this was not definitely ascertained. At the anterior end of the stomach
each anterior gastric trachea divides into a set of (two) dorsal and a
set of (four) lateral branches as shown in PI. II, figs. 13 and 17. The
fourth, or ventralmost, lateral branch .apparently forms an anasto-
mosis with the corresponding branch of the opposite side of the
stomach.

The hind-gut or intestine is likewise supplied by branches from the
main dorsal tracheal trunks. The trachea which passes to the ileum also
furnishes the posterior gastric trachea for the same side of the
stomach. The rectal epithelium appears to form three (glandular?)
dorsals and two laterals. (Fig. 109, rdrt, Idrt, rirt, lirt). After the
drawings forming figures 13, 17 and 19 were made, the alimentary canal
was slit open lengthwise, stained, dehydrated, cleared and mounted in
balsam. No definite indications of rectal tracheal gills were found and
the rectal walls appear much less richly tracheated than those of the
stomach. The rectal epithelium appears to form three (glandular?)
areas. The gastric epithelium was disintegrated. No food was found
in the alimentary canal.

The three thoracic pairs of ganglia are clearly distinct from each
other. Posteriorly are seven pairs of smaller ganglia, located as fol-
lows: I in metathorax, 2 in anterior part of abdominal segment 2, 3
in hind part of segment 3, 4 at the articulation of segments 4 and 5, 5
in anterior end of segment 6, 6 in anterior end of segment 7, 7 in the
middle of segment 8. The nerve cord in the male larva dissected (No.
3) passed to the right of the distinct rudiments of the genitalia pro-
jecting dorsad into the cavity of segments I and 2.

DISCUSSION OF THE More INTERESTING FEATURES OF CORA
LARVA,

In current classifications Cora is placed in the Caloptery-

ginae or Calopterygidae (= Agrioninae of the catalogues of
Kirby, Muttkowski, etc.). Most of the Calopterygine larvae

56 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’11

hitherto described (Cf. Karsch, 1893, pp. 42, 48; Needham,
1903), p. 220) have the first antennal joint very long, as long
as all the other, or as several of the other, joints added together.
Cora larva has the first antennal joint shorter than the second
and in this respect, as in others mentioned below, shows a re-
semblance to the Old World larvae described by Hagen (1880,
p. xv) as pertaining to the legion Euphaea* of de Selys, and
to a Mexican fragment doubtfully referred to Cora (I. c., p.
xvi).

The scales forming a more or less dense pile on different
parts of the body of Cora larvae are structures which have
met little or no notice in the literature on the Odonata. They
occur in shapes varying from almost hair-like to that in which
the width is at least more than half the length (Cf. Pl. I,
figs. 4, 5, 11, 3 in the order named). The central and more or
less arborescently-branched portion of each scale is thicker
than the often hardly discernible marginal areas.

Biramous mandibles hitherto have been noted only in
Euphaea larvae of all the Odonata, and that very briefly
(Needham, 19034, p. 743). I am not able at present to de-
termine whether the two-branched condition there is the same
as that here described for the larvae of Cora or not. The re-
markable features of these mandibles is the possibility of inde-
pendent movement of the inner branch along the dotted line
shown in Pl. II, fig. 16, and the difference in the form of this
branch in the right and left mandibles of the same individual
noted above. Heymons (i896 3}, taf. II, fig. 29) has figured
the mandibles in a young larva of Ephemera vulgata which
are also two-branched but, in contrast to the larval mandible
of Cora, the inner branch is larger than the outer.

The very shallow median cleft of the median lobe of the
labium was hardly to be expected in larvae so apparently
primitive in other features as our Cora larvae are. In this
respect also it agrees with Euphaea larvae, as far as can be

* The name of the type genus of this legion, Euphaea, is now re-
placed by Pseudophaea Kirby.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 57

judged from Hagen’s description (1880, p. xlv). If Miss But-
ler’s theory (1904, pp. 114, 119) of the homologies of the
labium be correct, then the small, pointed teeth (Pl. III, fig.
28 t*) near the middle of the distal margin, would represent
the apices of the original laciniae. The interpretation of Bor-
ner (1909, p. 113) is different and is essentially that of Ger-
stacker, Heymons and others.

Hagen (1880, p. lxv) noted the existence of “une plantula
entre les onglets” of Euphaea larvae and remarked (p. Ixvii)
“La présence d’une flantula entre les onglets est aussi un
caractére unique chez les Odonates.” The empodium-like
structure mentioned above for Cora and shown in PI. II, fig.
12, appears to be an homologous part.

The existence of tracheal gills on abdominal segments 2-7
is the most interesting feature of Cora larvae. The only
Odonata previously known to possess such structures are the
larvae referred to Euphaea and Anisopleura in the very brief
description of Hagen (1880). One of these larvae was figured
by Folsom in Packard (1808, p. 469). Hagen stated that
there were gills on abdominal segments 1-8, Folsom found
them on 2-8 only. There are, therefore, one pair less in Cora
larvae. Hagen compared these gills of Euphaea and Anis-
opleura to those of Sialis, but makes no mention of Ephemerid
larvae in this connection. Heymons (1896 a, pp. 88-90) com-
pared the abdominal gills of Ephemerid and Sialis larvae, re-
garded them in both cases as derived from abdominal ap-
pendages and noted the agreement in the pointed form of the
gills of the early larval stages of both groups. The gills of
the second to seventh abdominal segments of Cora larva fur-
nish an addition to this parallel. That the lateral gills of
Ephemerid larvae are homologous with the thoracic legs is
not universally accepted, however. Durken (1907, 1909) and
Borner (1909 a) are the latest representatives of the two views
which look upon the Ephemerid lateral gills as dorsal and not
homologous with legs and as ventral and homologous, respec-
tively. We may not compare the lateral gills of Euphaea,

58 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’11

Anisopleura and Cora larvae with those of the Ephemerid
larvae until much fuller data are at hand regarding the de-
tailed structure, position, musculature and tracheation of each.
The present study of Cora larvae supplies much fuller informa-
tion than exists for either of the other two Odonate genera
mentioned. The markedly ventral position of the gills in
question in Cora is in itself some evidence against homolo-
gizing these structures with those of the Ephemeridae and
in favor of their own serial homology with thoracic legs. No
traces of these gills are present on the exterior of the abdo-
men of imagos of Cora preserved in alcohol immediately
after capture.

The caudal tracheal gills of Cora larvae are very different
in shape from the similarly situated gills of all other Odonate
larvae yet described, including those of Euphaea (cf. Folsom’s
figure, J. c.) and Anisopleura, of which latter I possess a pho-
tograph from Hagen’s specimen, taken and given to me by
Prof. J. G. Needham. In both of these latter two genera the
caudal gills taper posteriorly to an acute apex.

As related in the opening pages of this paper, the attempt to
rear these larvae to transformation was unsuccessful. That
they are the larvae of Cora and, so far as the Juan Vinas
specimens at least are concerned, the larvae of Cora chirripa
Calvert (1907, p. 348) is rendered practically certain from a
comparison of the wing-rudiments of larva No. 4 with those
of an imago of this species taken at the same ditch April 30,
1g10. The left hind wing-pad of larva No. 4 was slit open,
the wing rudiment removed from within and examined in
alcohol under the compound microscope. The inner and outer
surfaces of the rudiment gave the views represented in PI. III,
figs. 23 and 24 respectively. The veins shown in these figures
are bands of reddish-brown pigment granules in the rudiment
itself. The left hind wing of the imago mentioned was com-
pared with camera drawings of the two surfaces of the wing-
rudiment of the larva. At first the identification of the larval
wing veins proceeded slowly until it occurred to me that per-

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 59

haps the two surfaces of the wing rudiment might present only
convex and concave veins respectively. Turning then to the
imaginal wing the following lists were made proceeding in
every case from the anterior toward the posterior wing margin.
Convex veins: proximal half of the wing, C, Ri, Rs, M4, A
and Cuz; distal half, C, R1, Mia, two supplementary sectors,
Rs, three supplementary sectors, M4, Cuza, Cu2b.

Concave veins: proximal half of wing, Sc, M1, M3, Cur;
distal half, M1, two supplementary sectors, M2, one supple-
mentary sector, M3, two supplementary sectors, Cul, one sup-
plementary sector between Cu2a and Cu2b.

As is well known the inner surface of the wing-pad and
wing-rudiment of an Odonate larva corresponds to the upper
surface of the imaginal wing, and the outer surface in the
larva to the under surface in the imago. On comparing the
list of convex veins with the drawing of the inner surface of
the wing-rudiment and the list of concave veins with that of
the outer surface of the wing-rudiment, it was seen that a
close correspondence existed with these exceptions: that C
(costa) showed on both surfaces, as also did a thickening all
along the posterior margin and to greater or less extents Sc
(sub-costa), Rr (first branch of radius), Mt (first branch of
media), A (anal), Cu2b and the supplementary sector between
Cuza and Cu2b. The wing-rudiment was then cleared in cedar
oil and examined in strong transmitted sunlight, when the
vein-rudiments of both inner and outer surfaces could be seen
from either surface by proper focussing, whereas before clear-
ing only those of the surface turned up toward the lens could
be discerned. All the vein-rudiments now appeared in their
proper sequence giving the alternation of convex and concave
veins so easily seen in an imaginal wing. Careful focussing
also revealed the fact that at this stage the veins are developed
only upon one surface of the wing-rudiment, either inner or
outer, except in the case of the costa and of the thickening
along the hind margin. The other exceptions noted above are
all veins near the margins where the wing-rudiment is thinner

60 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 711

and where they can be seen through it. Even in these ex-
ceptions the veins appear fainter and narrower on one sur-
face than the other and are stronger and wider on their proper
surface, e. g. Sc and Mt, concave veins, on the outer surface;
R1, A and Cu2b, convex veins, on the inner surface.

Another fact shown by these comparisons and the figures
is that the cross-veins only appear continuous from one longi-
tudinal vein to another when the two longitudinal veins so
connected are two, one of which immediately follows the other
in the imaginal wing. (Cf. the cross-veins between R1 and
Mi and between M1 and M2 in PI. III, fig. 24.)

It would thus appear that each longitudinal vein develops on
one surface of the wing-rudiment before it appears on the
other surface. Before transformation is reached each vein
has formed on both surfaces of the future wing but not neces-
sarily equally on both surfaces, as may be seen from Hagen’s
figures (1889) from photographs of wings split into their two
laminae immediately after transformation and expansion.

These facts of the development of the veins on one surface
of the wing-rudiment before the other have a practical value
in identifying Odonate larvae by this method and do not seem
to be included in Prof. Needham’s (1904, p. 687) suggestions
on this point.

In the larva of Cora there exist the following generalized
features: antennae with no hypertrophied joint, biramous man-
dibles, paired ventral tracheal gills (if they be morphologically
equivalent to legs), and perhaps the empodium-like part, side
by side with specialized features in the form of cuticular
scales, almost completely fused halves of the labium and thick-
ened, shortened caudal gills. If to these generalized parts of
the larva we add the generalized features of the imaginal
venation pointed out or implied by Prof. Needham (1903@,
pp. 731, 746), we have good grounds for looking on Cora and
its allies as being in many respects the most primitive of living
Odonata.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 61

AvuTHORS QUOTED.

Borner, C. 1909 a. Die Tracheenkiemen der Ephemeriden, Zool.
Anzeig. XXXIII, Nr. 24-25. Jan. 5.

Ismp. 1909 b. Neue Homologien zwischen Crustaceen tnd Hexa-
poden. Die Beissmandibel der Insekten und ihre phylogenetische Be-
deutung. Archi- und Metapterygota. Zool. Anzeig. XXXIV, Nr. 3-4.
Mar. 2.

Butter, H. 1904. The labium of the Odonata. Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc. XXX.

Catvert, P. P. rgo1-1909. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Neurop-
tera: Odonata.

DiirKEN, B. 1907. Die Tracheenkiemenmuskulatur der Ephemeri-
den unter Beriicksichtigung der Morphologie des _ Insektenflugels.
Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. LXXXVII.

Ipip. I909. Zur Frage nach der Morphologie der Kiemen der
Ephemeriden-Larven. Zool. Anzeig. XXXIV. June 20.

Hacen, H. 1880. Essai d’un Synopsis des Larves de Calopter-
ygines. Comp. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. ter Mai.

Ini. 1889. Spaltung eines Fliigels um das doppelte Adernetz zu
zeigen. Zool. Anzeig. Nr. 312.

Heymons, R. 1896 a. Ueber die Lebensweise und Entwicklung
von Ephemera vulgata. Sitzungsber. Gesell. naturforsch. Freunde Ber-
lin.

Ini. 1896 b. Grundziige der Entwickelung und des Korperbaues
von Odonaten und Ephemeriden. Anhang Abhdl. K6nigl. preuss. Akad.
Wiss. Berlin.

KarscuH, F. 1893. Die Insekten der Berglandschaft Adeli im Hinter-
lande von Togo (Westafrika). Berlin. Ent. Zeit. XX XVIII.

NEEDHAM, J. G. 1903 a. A Genealogic Study of Dragon-fly Wing
Venation. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXVI.

Iprp. 1903 b. Life Histories of Odonata, suborder Zygoptera. N.
York State Museum, Bulletin 68.

Igm 1904. New Dragon-fly nymphs in the United States National
Museum. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXVII.

Packarp, A. §. 18098. A Text-book of Entomology, New York.
The Macmillan Co.

ExPLANATION OF PLates IT anp III.
Larva of Cora.

Fig. 1. Left latero-ventral view of larva No. 4 Q.
Fig. 2. Dorsal view of larva No. 3 ¢. Right caudal gill lacking.
Figs. 1 and 2 from photographs of alcoholic specimens. X 2.6.

62 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 711

Fig.-3. Small fragment of surface of left caudal tracheal gill,
larva No. 3, showing two scales and four articular pits for others.
210.

Fig. 4. Scale from same gill as fig. 3. XX 2I0.
Fig. 5. Scale from first antennal joint shown in fig. 10. XX 210.

Fig. 6. First left tibia and tarsus of larva No. 4. X 8&5.

Fig. 7. End view, hind end of abdomen of larva No. 2 9, caudal
gills removed. X 8&5.

Fig. 8. Dorsal view, hind end of abdomen of larva No. 2 9, caudal
gills removed. X 8.5.

Fig. 9. Left caudal gill, ventro-mesial view, combined from draw-
ings from larvae Nos. I, 2, 3, to show tracheation. The dotted line in-
dicates the boundary between a central, clearer, unscaled area and an
opaque, scaled margin. X 5.8.

Fig. to. Right antenna, dorsal view, larva No. 3, 6. XX 16.5.

Fig. 11. Scale from tibia or tarsus of fig. 6. X 210.

Fig. 12. Ventral surface of distal end of tarsus. X 8&5.

Fig. 13. Dorsal view of branches of left anterior gastric trachea
shown in fig. 17. X about 12.5.

Fig. 14. Right lateral view of metathorax and abdomen of larva
Moma 24) KIS

Fig. 15. Ventral view of same. X 5.5.

Fig. 16. Left mandible, mesial surface, larva No. 2, 9. X 21. The
dotted line shows the line of flexure of the internal branch.

Fig. 17. Left side of stomach to show tracheation, larva No. 3,24.
X about 12.5.

Fig. 18. Ninth abdominal segment to show gonapophyses, larva
INON 3e"6. NaS )5:

Fig. 19. Left latero-dorsal view of intestine to show tracheal sup-
ply, larva No. 3, 4; Malpighian tubules omitted. X about 12.5.

Fig. 20. Right gill of fifth abdominal segment, larva No. 3, @.
The gill has been left untouched, the viscera of the segment removed
with the exception of the tracheae supplying the gill. To the left of
chr a portion of the chitinous ventral wall of the segment is shown, to
the right of chr is a portion of the tergite which has been turned out-
ward (laterad) to show the structures within the segment. The por-
tions of the two main tracheal trunks rdt and rlt have been turned
outward to give a clearer view of the branches to the gill. Compare
with the fifth abdominal segment in fig. 22. XX about 23.

Fig. 21. Dorsal view of head, larva No. 4, 2. The dotted lines
show the outlines of pale marks. X 7.8.

Fig. 22. Dorsal view of chief thoracic and abdominal viscera,
larva No. 3, 6. The body has been opened along the mid-dorsal line.
The ganglion has been omitted from second abdominal segment, the

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 63

wing-pads from left side, the dorsal longitudinal abdominal muscles
from the right; not all of these muscles (d/m) are shown even on the
left side. X 7.8.

Fig. 23. Inner surface of left hind wing-rudiment (= upper sur-
face of imaginal wing) with the outline of its enveloping wing-pad,
wp, larva No. 4, 9. X 12.4.

Fig. 24. Outer surface of the same (= under surface of imaginal
wing). X 12.4.

Fig. 25. Transverse section of right gill of sixth abdominal seg-
ment of larva No. 3, ¢. X 55.5.

Fig. 26. Transverse section of chief tracheal trunk of same gill in
section immediately following that shown in fig. 25. X 55.5.

Fig. 27. Distal end of lateral lobe from fig. 30. X 28.

Fig. 28. Inner (dorsal) surface of distal end of median lobe from
fig. 30. X 28.

Fig. 29. Distal end of left maxilla from fig. 31. X 25.

Fig. 30. Ventral (outer) surface of labium, larva No. 2, 9. X 8.

Fig. 31. Left maxilla and hypopharynx, ventral view, larva No.
7), ATES ie

Abbreviations Used in the Plates.

A, Anal vein (= proximal part of second sector of triangle of Selys).

chr, Chitinous ridge forming lateral margin of an abdominal segment.

Cut, Cuz, First and second branches of cubitus vein (= first and distal
part of second sectors of triangle of de Selys).

d, di, d2, Dorsal branches of lagt.

dim, Dorsal longitudinal muscles.

gm, Gill muscle fibres.

gp, Gonapophyses.

gt, Gill trachea.

im, Interarticular membrane between first antennal joint and head.

IX, Ninth abdominal segment.

1, 11-14, Lateral branches of lagt.

lagt, Left anterior gastric trachea.

Icg, Point of attachment of left caudal gill.

Idi, Left dorsal trachea.

ldrt, Left dorsal rectal trachea.

ili, Left lateral trachea.

lirt, Left lateral rectal trachea.

Ipgt, Left posterior gastric trachea.

M1, M2, M3, M4, Branches of media vein (= principal, nodal, median
and short sectors of de Selys respectively).

Mia, Branch of M1 (=ultra-nodal sector of de Selys).

mcg, Median caudal gill.

64 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 11

mg, Metathoracic (+ first abdominal?) ganglion.
msp, Metathoracic spiracle.

nit, Malpighian tubes.

oe, Oesophagus.

Rt, First branch of radius vein (= median vein of de Selys).
r4, Fourth lateral branch of right anterior gastric trachea.
rcg, Point of attachment of right caudal gill.

rcgt, Right caudal gill trachea.

ydrt, Right dorsal rectal trachea.

vydt, Right dorsal trachea.

rlrt, Right lateral rectal trachea.

rit, Right lateral trachea.

Rs, Radial sector (= sub-nodal sector of de Selys).
sa, Superior appendages of imago (‘Cercoids’).
Sc, Subcosta vein.

sbl, Sub-anal lamina.

sp, Site of future spiracle.

spl, Supra-anal lamina.

tab, Tendon of abductor mandibulae.

tad, Tendon of adductor mandibulae.

ts, Testes.

t*®, Tooth on median labial lobe.

u, Undetermined tube.

vd, Vas deferens (beginning of).

wm, Wing muscle.

wp, Outline of wing-pad.

X, Tenth abdominal segment.

The Tenth Pleocoma (Col.).
By H. F. Fann,

On the 12th of last October, Mr. Chas. Camp, a student in
the Pasadena High School, while repairing a trail in a small
canon in the mountains near Sierra Madre, cut into a large
beetle a few inches below the surface, the remains of which
he brought to me for identification.

The specimen proved to be a female Pleocoma; a most in-
teresting discovery, inasmuch as no representative of the
genus had ever been found in this vicinity. One hundred and
fifty miles north, along the South Fork of the Kaweah River

Ent. News, VoL. XXII. Plate III.

ere

a

LARVA OF CORA (ODONATA)—CALVERT.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 65

is the home of P. hoppingi; from the Cuyamaca Mts., one hun-
dred miles south ‘came the unique type of P. puncticollis, and
in the Santa Monica Mts., near the coast, and not more than
thirty miles distant a single wing cover of a Pleocoma has
been picked up, showing the presence of the genus in that
somewhat isolated range. The Sierra Madre Mts. ought then
by good rights to harbor a species of this remarkable genus,
but the obscure habits, and the ephemeral existence of the
perfect insects has enabled them to escape detection up to this
time.

In the absence of the male it was not possible to identify
Mr. Camp’s specimen with certainty, and he was urged to
keep a sharp lookout for males during or immediately follow-
ing the next rain. This was done, and on the 15th of Novem-
ber during a drizzling rain nineteen males were taken in about
an hour at the same spot in an area not more than one hun-
dred feet across. The beetles flew slowly and apparently aim-
lessly, keeping as a rule a foot or two above the ground. Mr.
Camp was unable to define the extent of the flight, either in
time or space, but there is little doubt that both were quite lim-
ited. Unfortunately no special attempt was made to locate the
females, and it is doubtful if it will now be possible to secure
any this season.

A careful study of the males indicates rather close relation-
ship with fimbriata and puncticollis, but with a sufficiently
marked and constant deviation from either to warrant a dis-
tinctive name. The following description and comparative
notes are therefore offered:

P, australis n. sp.

Male—Black, shining, glabrous above, the long hairs of the marginal
fringe and under surface reddish brown. Antennae and cephalic
structure very nearly as in fimbriata. Prothorax slightly more than
twice as wide as long in horizontal projection, sides arcuately con-
vergent in front, subparallel and feebly or barely perceptibly sinuate
posteriorly, the hind angles obtuse but well defined and usually slightly
prominent; disk flattened and obliquely declivous in front, the median
line broadly vaguely impressed anteriorly and again more narrowly

66 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb.,. 1%

so for a short distance at base; sides with the usual impression; sur-
face closely moderately coarsely punctate throughout. Elytra obvi-
ously wider at base than the prothorax, varying from a little less to a
little more than 3-10 longer than wide, sides nearly parallel, surface
finely lightly punctured between the feebly defined geminate striae.

Length, 2414-28 mm.; width, 14-1534 mm.

Female.—Castaneous, of the usual robust form; the clypeus more
narrowly but very distinctly triangularly emarginate; surface sculpture
rougher than in the male, as is usual.

Habitat. Bailey Canon, San Gabriel Mts., near Sierra Ma-
dre, California; elevation 2500 ft.

Compared with fimbriata the present species differs most
conspicuously in the more coarsely and closely punctured tho-
rax and smoother elytra; there are, however, a number of
other differences which are evident on closer attention. Three
males in my collection from Eldorado Co. are undoubtedly
typical representatives of fimbriata; all these agree in being
relatively broader than any of the new series; the prothorax is
scarcely narrower than the base of the elytra, with the sides
more rounded posteriorly and with ill defined hind angles, the
cephalic horn is also longer and more slender than in australis,
in which it is distinctly more triangular when viewed laterally.
In all my typical fimbriata the third antennal joint is shorter
than the next two combined; in australis it is equal to the next
two, and in puncticollis it is said to be longer than the two fol-
lowing. Puncticollis differs conspicuously in having the long
hair of the under body black.

THE COMMITTEE appointed to represent and look after the interests
of the International Entomological Congress for the United States
consists of Dr. Philip P. Calvert, Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell) Prof Ee
Comstock, Prof. H. C. Fall, Prof. C. P. Gillette. Dr. W. J. Holland,
Prof; A.D.) Hopkins, Dr..L. O: Howard, Prof. C. W. Johnson, Prat
V. L. Kellogg, Prof. Herbert Osborn, Dr. John B. Smith, Dr. Ch. W.
Stiles, Dr. Creighton Wellman, Dr. W. M. Wheeler. The committee
for Canada is Dr. C. J. S. Bethune, Dr. C. G. Hewitt, Henry H. Ly-
man. The Permanent Executive Committee consists of Dr. Malcolm
surr, Dr. Walther Horn, Dr. K. Jordan, P. Lesne, G. Severin, Henry
Skinner.

The Executive Committee will meet in Paris in August of this year
to arrange for the Second International Congress to be held in Ox-
ford, England, in 1912.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 67

Descriptions of New Species of Cynipidae (Hym.).
By Witu1aAm BEUTENMULLER, American Museum of Natural
History, New York.

Dryophanta clavula, sp. nov.

Female—Head rufous, infuscated along the face and on the vertex
around the ocelli, evenly and finely reticulately punctate, sparsely
hairy, eyes black. Antennae 14-jointed, first joint stout, short, second
joint much smaller and stout, third to sixth joints long and slender,
third longest; remaining joints short and subequal, dusky brown, some-
what darker toward the tip. Thorax pitchy brown, rufous posteriorly
and anteriorly at the sides, microscopically pitted, especially anteriorly,
shining and with scattered decumbent, yellowish hairs. Parapsidal
grooves deep and distinct, widely separated anteriorly and running
obliquely backward to the scutellum, where they are close together.
Median groove wanting. Anterior parallel lines broad, shining, smooth
and scarcely extending to the middle of the thorax. Grooves at base
of wings scarcely evident. Scutellum subopaque, dull rufous, finely
and evenly rugose with an almost imperceptible basal groove. Abdo-
men pitchy brown, somewhat rufous ventrally, smooth, shining; ventral
sheath yellowish with long hairs. Legs dull yellowish brown with
short hairs. Wings hyaline, pubescent, veins brown, heavily marked,
especially the cross-veins; apical region with about seven small brown
dots and a larger brown patch, and with three large brown clouds
about the middle of the wings. Radial area closed with the veins
thickened at the costa. Areolet present. Cubitus faint and extending
to the first cross-vein. Length 1.5-2 mm.

Gall—On the under side of the leaves of a species of white oak
(probably Quercus douglasi). -Monothalamous. Narrow and almost
parallel to about the middle, thence suddenly becoming inflated into
a club with the apex pointed. At the extreme base it is slightly broader
and is attached by a point to the leaf. The gall very much resembles
a miniature Indian club in shape. Brown in color, and the larva lives
in the inflated part of the gall in a rounded cell. Length, 5-7 mm.;
width of narrow part, I mm., of thickened part, 1.75 mm.

Habitat :—California (Napa and Sonoma Countries). De-

scribed from twelve specimens.
Type—Collection U. S. National Museum.

Dryophanta multipunctata sp. nov.

Female.——Head yellowish brown, face broadly infuscated, eyes and
ocelli black, microscopically, evenly granulose and pubescent. Antennae
14-jointed, first joint stout, second joint stout and much shorter than

68 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS (Heb:

the first; third joint very long and slender, fourth to sixth joints slen-
der, subequal and shorter than the third; remaining joints gradually
becoming shorter and slightly thicker toward the tip, pitchy brown
black and pubescent. Thorax shining, finely and evenly pitted, with
decumbent yellowish hairs, pitchy brown, somewhat rufous between
the parapsidal grooves at the scutellum. Parapsidal grooves rather
deep, widely separated anteriorly and converging at the scutellum,
where they are moderately, widely separated. Anterior parallel lines
very fine and indistinct. Lateral grooves distinct. Median groove
wanting. Scutellum pitchy brown inclined to rufous, finely and evenly
pitted, with yellowish hairs, basal groove not distinct. Abdomen pitchy
black or dull rufous, smooth and shining dorsally, and covered with
short pale hairs at the sides and venter. Legs pitchy brown or dull
yellowish brown, pubescent. Wings hyaline, veins brown, cross-veins
very heavy, outer portion of wings beyond the middle with many small
brown spots, except in the radial area; about the middle of the wings
two brown clouds situated on the veins. Areolet present: Cubitus con-
tinuous to the first cross-vein. Length, 2.75-3 mm.

Gall.—On the under side of the leaves of a species of oak. Mono-
thalamous. Gray brown, spherical, sometimes slightly flattened at the
base where the gall is attached to the leaf. The gall is irregularly
wrinkled and covered with a dense, short and compact wooly substance
and hairs. In general appearance it resembles the gall of Philonix
lanaeglobuli. Diameter about 5 mm.

Habitat—Kern County, California, December 6th, 1892.
Type—United States National Museum.
Described from two specimens and two galls.

Holcaspis chrysolepidis sp. nov.

Female.—Head, thorax and scutellum pale yellowish brown, abdomen
somewhat darker with the dorsal region infuscated; legs slightly paler
with the claws black. Antennae yellowish brown, terminal joints
darker. Head very finely and evenly granulated, pubescent; ocelli and
eyes black. Antennae 14-jointed. Thorax finely and evenly punctate
with pale decumbent hairs. Parapsidal grooves very fine, less distinct
anteriorly and almost parallel. Anterior parallel lines distinct, shining
and extending to the middle of the thorax. Lateral grooves sharply
defined, long and shining. Scutellum hairy, finely and evenly rugose.
Abdomen shining, smooth, with a small patch of hairs at the base later-
ally. Legs pubescent. Wings long, yellowish hyaline, veins yellowish
and are usually closely pressed together. Width 5-10 mm. Height 4-7
mm.

Gall.—On the twigs of oak (Quercus chrysolepidis). Monothalamous.
Hard woody. Irregular in shape, somewhat rounded, sides flattened,

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 69

slightly oblique, ridged around the upper part of the sides, apex
rounded. They occur singly and in rows of two, three, four or more,
and are usually closely pressed together. Width 5-10 mm. Height
4-7 mm.

Habitat—Placer Co., California, November and December.

Types—United States National Museum.

Described from nine examples.

The gall of this species was figured by me in the Bulle-
tin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XXVI,
plate VIII, figs. 8 and 9.

Philonix californica sp. nov.

Female—Head pitchy brown black, minutely rugose with scattered,
short hairs. Antennae 1I3-jointed; first joint stout, cylindrical; second
joint shorter, stout and rounded at the tip; third joint very long and
slender; fourth, fifth and sixth joints slender and shorter than the
third; remaining joints gradually becoming shorter and thicker toward
the thirteenth, all pitchy brown and pubescent. Thorax pitchy brown
or dull rufous, evenly rugose, somewhat wrinkled and with a few
scattered hairs. Parapsidal grooves very fine and somewhat lost in the
rough surface anteriorly, convergent at, the scutellum. Scutellum
evenly rugose like the thorax, and of the same color. Abdomen com-
pressed convex at the sides and rather sharply keeled on the dorsum
and venter, dark pitchy brown, smooth and shining. Legs pitchy brown,
somewhat paler than the abdomen and pubescent. Wings aborted, not
extending to the middle of the abdomen. Length 1 mm.

Gall—On the upper surface of the leaves of a species of white oak.
Monothalamous. Rounded, flattened disc-like, becoming slightly ele-
vated toward the middle. The sides are flat and very thin, and the gall
rests closely on the leaf. The larva lives in the center of the elevated
part. The color is pinkish or purplish, with the apex sometimes yel-
lowish. Width, 3 to 4 mm. Height, 1 mm.

Habitat—Kern Co., California, January.
Type—United States National Museum.
Described from five females.

Andricus caepulaeformis sp. nov.

Female.—Head large, broader than the thorax, reddish brown, evenly
and finely granulose. Antennae 14-jointed; first joint very stout and
inflated; second joint short, subcylindrical; third joint very long and
slender; fourth joint also slender, shorter than the third, remaining
joints subequal, all blackish except the basal one which is rufous.
Thorax minutely granulose with a few hairs. Parapsidal grooves pres-

70 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Tels Aa

ent, but not prominent, almost parallel. Anterior parallel lines scarcely
evident. Median line running from the scutellum to about the middle
of the thorax, not distinct. Pleurae with a large, smooth shining area.
Scutellum rufous, rugose, foveae at base oblique and opaque. Abdomen
reddish brown, posterior half piceous, smooth and shining. Legs red-
dish brown, long and slender, pubescent. Wings (immature) hyaline,
veins brown. Length, 4 mm.

Gall.—In clusters around the twig of black oak (Quercus velutina).
Monothalamous. Rounded with the apex pointed, and the sides longi-
tudinally grooved. The rounded part is hollow and rather thin walled,
and the base of the gall is imbedded in a cavity in the twig. Rose
colored, hard and woody (when dry). In general appearance the gall
resembles a very small seed onion. Length 5-8 mm. Width 4-5 mm.

Habitat—Indiana. (Mel. T. Cook).

Andricus pisiformis sp. nov.

Female.—Head dark reddish brown, finely granulated and with short
pale hairs. Antennae 13-jointed, reddish brown, terminal joints black-
ish. Thorax dark pitchy brown, reddish brown along the parapsidal
grooves and laterally, minutely reticulated and with many pits, from
each of which arises a short, decumbent, yellowish hair. Parapsidal
grooves deep and well defined. Median groove distinct, and less so
anteriorly. Lateral grooves deep. Anterior parallel lines not extend-
ing to the middle of the thorax. Scutellum reddish brown, rugose and
with two large, deep, shining black foveae at the base. These are sep-
arated by a fine ridge. Pleurae pubescent, with a rather large shining
area, pitchy brown. Abdomen subglobose, inflated, pitchy brown,
smooth and shining. Legs brown, punctate and pubescent. Wings
hyaline, veins brown, cross-veins heavy. Areolet small. Cubitus not
reaching the first cross-vein. Length 2-3.50 mm.

Gall.—On the terminal twigs of white oak (Quercus alba) and post
oak (Quercus minor) from the middle of May to early in June. Mono-
thalamous. Spherical or pea-like. Milky white or pale greenish white,
speckled and marbled with green or lilac. Fleshy when fresh, hard
and woody when old and dry. It is hollow inside with no separate
larval chamber. It is evidently a bud gall. Diameter 3-6 mm.

Habitat—New Jersey (Lakehurst); Massachusetts (Bos-
ton).

The flies mature in the gall during the latter part of Sep-
tember and in October, but do not emerge until the following
spring. The gall is a pretty object and looks like a very small
marble. The specimens on white oak from Boston were col-
lected by Miss Cora H. Clarke at the Arnold Arboretum.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 71

Studies Amongst the Coccinellidae, No. 2, (Col.).
By F. W. NuNENMACHER, Piedmont, California.

Since my last paper on Coccinellidae* several friends and
correspondents have sent me material in various genera in-
cluding several species new to science, and as some of these
are of considerable interest it seems worth while to publish
the following descriptions at this time:

Genus PSYLLOBORA Mulsant.

Psyllobora koebelei n. sp.

$.—Color: Whitish yellow with chocolate brown markings disposed
as follows: Pronotum with the five common discal spots, each elytron
with one juxta-scutellar and one median basal dot, one marginal small
dot placed a little before the middle, and one irregular blotch roughly
quadrate in form, placed its own width from the margin and close to
the suture and rather behind the middle. Mouth parts testaceous;
ventral surface black except mesothoracic episterna, which are white
and last four ventral segments, which are testaceous, as are the legs.
Form convex, subovate; head, impunctate; pronotum very finely and
sparsely punctured; elytra moderately coarsely punctured; ventral sur-
jace, sternum moderately coarsely punctured; abdomen smooth.

Length, 2.25 mm. Width, 2 mm.

Type— ¢ in my collection.

Type locality—Nogales, Santa Cruz Co., Ariz. vi. 02.
(Koebele)

This species, which feeds on the scale infesting mistletoe,
comes nearest to P. luctuosa Muls., from which it can readily
be told by the elytral design. The type was kindly given me
by Mr. A. Koebele in whose collection there are several speci-
mens. According to his observations (No. 2426), this species,
when alive, has a ground color of beautiful shimmering sil-

very green.
Genus AXION Mulsant.

Axion incompletus n. sp.

é.—Color: Head light ferrugineous, pronotum and elytra black,
the former with the anterior angles ferrugineous and a beaded line of.
the same color along the entire anterior margin, each elytron with a
median double coalescing spot at the callus, nearer the margin than the
suture, the shape of this spot being obliquely and roundly oblong with
a prolongation towards the base of the elytron; ventral surface uni-

* See EntromotocicaL News for April, 1909, p. 161 ff.

72 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., *11

formly ferrugineous except the head, which is infuscate, mesosternum,
tibiae and tarsi piceous. Form as in tripustulatus DeG., head slightly
nitid, almost impunctate; maxillary palpi black, Iast article inflated,
somewhat flattened, truncate and excavated at apex; pronotum some-
what shining, almost impunctate; scutellum very small; elytra with
texture as in head and thorax; ventral surface with sternum finely and
thickly punctured, except the mesosternum, which is smooth and very
nitid, ventral sternites finely, thickly and striately punctured except the
base of the segments, which are smooth; fifth ventral rather deeply
notched; Jegs with femora slightly rugose, tibiae smooth and sparsely
pubescent.

Type— é in my collection.

Type locality—Lincoln Park Beach, Chicago, IIl., (Wol-
cott).

This form can be told at a glance from tripustulatus DeG.
by the absence of the sutural spot. I owe the type to the
kindness of my friend, Mr. Frederick Knab, of Washington,

DEG:
Genus HYPERASPIS Chevrolat.

Hyperaspis lateralis, var. flammula n. var.

Color, structure and ornamentation as in lateralis Muls., except that
the marginal vitta of each elytron is longer and is connected with the
common discal spot by an isthmus of the same color as the vitta and
spot; this isthmus rises from a point at about the posterior third of
the vitta.

Type—é @ and one cotype ( 92 ) in my collection.

Type locality—Montana.

Geo. Dist—Montana, 2 specimens; Golden, Col. vii, 18.
og. one specimen (W. J. Gerhard).

I have seen examples of this variety in several collections
in the east including the Horn collection of the American
Entomological Society. The ¢ @ type was kindly given me
by Mr. Chas. Liebeck of Philadelphia, the cotype from Col-
orado by my friend Mr. A. B. Wolcott. In the latter the
elytral pattern shows slight signs of a reversion towards the
typical design.

Hyperaspis wellmani n. sp.

Color: Shining black, elytra with reddish yellow markings, disposed
similarly to those of lateralis Muls., except that the marginal vittae
distinctly increase in width posteriorly-and do not reach as nearly the

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 73

base of the elytra as in the species mentioned, also the discal and sub-
apical spots are constantly smaller and regularly circular, ventral sur-
face black except that portion of the reflexed margin of the elytra
occupied by the marginal vittae. Form regularly oval; head very
sparsely and minutely punctured; pronotum a little more heavily and
thickly punctured; scutellum large with a few coarse punctures; elytra
more thickly punctured than head, but less thickly than pronotum;
ventral surface with mesosternum smooth, episternum of mesothorax
very coarsely punctured. Head of ¢ chrome yellow, the anterior bor-
der of the pronotum narrowly, and the lateral borders heavily mar-
gined with the same color, the lateral margin not quite reaching the
base, anterior pair of legs and tarsi of all yellowish.

9 —Entirely black except elytral markings, tarsi dark fuscous.

Length—é 2.5 mm., 2 3.1 mm.

Width—é 1.7 mm., 2 2.1 mm.

Type—é @ and five cotypes, one ¢ and four @ 9, in my
collection.

Type locality—Goldfield, Esmeralda Co., Nevada, vi. 27. 07
(Nunenmacher).

In general form and markings the specimens are remark-
ably constant. I have many times bred Jateralis and the larva
of wellmani is strikingly different from that species. The fol-
lowing table will aid in separating the adults:

1. (2) Marginal vittae broad, not increasing posteriorly, episternum of
mesothorax mediumly punctured, foveae for reception of
hind tibiae rather shallow, size large and form more convex
Faanmihertolowine, SPECIES: ......4. 00.6.0 -e00s5-- lateralis

2. (1) Marginal vittae narrow, distinctly increasing posteriorly, epi-
sternum of mesothorax very coarsely punctured, foveae for
reception of hind tibiae deep, size smaller and less convex
PRAMEPMEECCOING SPCCIES. occ. 2 csi nis 0 as cise scene ses wellmani

Hyperaspis wolcotti n. sp.

? Color: Head, pronotum and scutellum black, the pronotum with
rather wide stramineous lateral margins, elytra piceous with stramine-
ous markings arranged as follows: A wide marginal, strongly sinuous
vitta extending from the humeral angle of each elytron to a point near
the suturoapical angle; for about its posterior third, this vitta does not
entirely reach the margin of the elytron; a narrow edging of the elytral
ground color appearing outside of the vitta; the apical end of the vitta
is constricted near the extremity tending to form an apical spot; a sec-
ond straight juxta-sutural oblique vitta extends from the base of the
elytron to about two-thirds its length, the obliquity being from near

74 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb:, 723

the scutellum outwards and backwards; ventral surface uniformly dark
fuscous, legs dark testaceous. Form narrowly oval, not very convex
with sides subparallel; Head shining, very sparsely and minutely punc-
tured; maxillary palpi dark testaceous, last article securiform, the apex
strongly pointed; pronotum very shining, rather more strongly densely
punctured than the head; scutellum small with a few minute punctures;
eiytra much more coarsely and thickly punctured than the pronotum;
ventral surface, sternum moderately coarsely punctured except meso-
sternum, which is smoother in center; episternum of mesothorax more
heavily punctured, abdominal segments with bases rather smooth but
becoming more coarsely punctured and pubescent towards the sides;
legs with ridges, somewhat pubescent.
Length.—@ 2.25 mm., width 1.25 mm.

Type—@ and two cotypes in my collection.

Type locality—Buffington, Ind. (Pine Barrens) vii. 26. Io.
(A. B. Wolcott).

This species can be readily separated from any of the oth-
er species by the elytral pattern and less convex subparallel
form. The type was received from my friend, Mr. A. B. Wol-
cott.

Hyperaspis ploribunda n. sp.

6 9—Color: Head, pronotum and scutellum black, elytra dark fus-
cous, palpi, antennae, tarsi and inflexed sides of elytra very dark testa-
ceous. Form, oblong oval, depressed, somewhat widened posteriorly;
head extremely finely, sparsely and shallowly punctured; pronotum
finely and closely punctured; elytra less thickly and closely punctured
than pronotum, the punctuation being thickest and coarsest towards the
scutellum; the punctures are all very shallow; ventral surface sparsely
and shallowly punctured.

é smaller than 9, with sixth ventral slightly notched.

Length—é 1.5 mm., 2 1.75 mm.

Width—é 1.1 mm., 2 1.25 mm.

Type—é @ in my collection.

Type locality—Goldfield, Esmeralda Co., Nevada, vi. 29. 07.
four specimens. (Nunenmacher).

When I first collected these insects I thought they were
specimens of H. arcuatus Lec.

I wish to express my thanks to my friend Dr. Creighton
Wellman, of Oakland, for advice and criticism during the
preparation of this paper.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 75

Mallophaga from Californian Birds.

By V. L. Ketioce and J. H. Patne, Stanford University,
California.

The following determinations of Mallophaga and records
of hosts are based on specimens taken from various birds at
Monterey, California, by Mr. Jos. Clemans, Chaplain of the
15th Infantry Regiment, stationed at the Presidio.

Docophorus pertusus Nitzsch, var. monachus n. var.

One male from the Virginia rail, Rallus virginianus (Mon-
terey, California).

The type, D. pertusus, has been
found on the following birds in Cali-
fornia: Fulica americana, Erismatura
rubida, and Colymbus nigricollis cali-
fornicus. The sinuous posterior mar-
gin of the first abdominal segment
shown in the figure of the variety is
~ oy also found in the type, though it has
. not been referred to heretofore.

The variety differs in the greater
number of hairs found on the clypeus
and on the abdomen. On the clypeus
of the type there are two small hairs
near the trabeculae while in the vari-
ety there are about eight on each side
extending from the trabeculae to the
expansion of the pincer-like organs.

Fig. 1.—Docophorus pertusus t 2
Nitzsch. var. monachusn. Qn the posterior margin of each seg-

var. Female. .
ment of the abdomen in the type are

found not more than four hairs while in the variety they are
numerous, sixteen occurring on the fifth segment with the
number diminishing anteriorly and posteriorly.

Docophorus pertusus Nitzsch.
One young specimen from the American coot Fulica amert-

cana (Monterey, Cal.)

76 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’11

Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch.
Specimens from the American coot, Fulica americana
(Monterey, California.)

Docophorus platyrhynchus Nitzsch.
Specimens from the western red-tailed hawk, Buteo bore-
alis calurus (Monterey, Cal.)

Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Specimens from the shumagin fox sparrow, Passerella tliaca
unalaschcensis (Monterey, Cal.)
Docophorus mirus Kellogg.

Specimens from Townsend warbler, Dendroica townsend,
(Monterey, Cal.)

Docophorus singularis Kellogg and Chapman.
Specimens from the varied thrush, Hesperocichla naevia
naevia. (Monterey, California).

Docophorus incisus Kellogg.
Specimens from the pied-billed grebe, Polidymbus podiceps,
cidentalis, (Monterey, Cal.)

Nirmus fuscomarginatus Denny var. americanus Kellogg.

Specimens from the pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps
(Monterey, Cal.) ; also (straggler?) from the varied thrush,
Hesperocichla naevia naevia (Monterey, Cal.)

Nirmus furvus Nitzsch.

Specimens from Wilson snipe, Gallinago delicata (Mont-
erey, Cal.); also from Virginia rail, Rallus wvirginianus
(Monterey, Cal.)

Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch.

Specimens from the western red-tailed hawk, Buteo bore-

alis calurus (Monterey, Cal.)

Nirmus foedus Kellogg and Chapman.
Specimen from the black phoebe, Sayornis nigricans semi-
atra (Monterey, Cal.)’ also (straggler?) from the pied-bill-
ed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps (Monterey, Cal.)

Vol. xxiif ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 77.

Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
Specimens from the Shumagin fox sparrow, Passerella
iliaca unalaschcensis (Monterey, Cal.).

Oncophorus minutus Nitzsch.
Specimen from the American coot, Fulica americana
(Monterey, Cal.); also (straggler?) from the western blue-
bird, Sialia mexicana occidentalis (Monterey, Cal.)

Cncophorus bisetosus Piaget, var. californicus Kellogg and Chap-
man.
Specimens from the Virginia rail, Rallus virginianus
(Monterey, Cal.)

Lipeurus temporalis Nitzsch.

Specimens from the shoveller duck, Spatula clypeata
(Monterey, Cal.)

Laemobothorium sp.

Two specimens from the desert sparrow hawk, Falco spar-
verius deserticolus (Monterey, Cal.) Until this genus is
thoroughly revised we shall not attempt to make any species
determination in it.

Physostomum sp.

One young specimen from Townsend warbler, Dendroica

townsendi (Monterey, Cal.)

Trinoton luridum Nitzsch.

One specimen of this duck-infesting species, accredited, but
certainly wrongly, to a desert sparrow hawk, Falco spar-
vertus deserticolus (Monterey, Cal.) The insect probably
came from the shoveller duck, Spatula clypeata.

Trinoton lituratum Nitzsch.
One specimen from the shoveller duck, Spatula clypeata,
(Monterey, Cal.)

Colpocephalum stictum n. sp. (Fig. 2).
A single male specimen from Gallinago delicata, Wilson’s
snipe (Monterey, Cal.) This is an elongated species with
conspicuous blotches on head, thorax and abdomen.

78 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb.,. 71

Description of Male—Length 1.4 mm., width across abdomen .42 mm.
Yellow brown in color with conspicuous dark chestnut markings.

Head.—Length .34 mm., width .4 mm., thus being unusually long in
comparison with its width. Front slightly convex with three short
spines on either side and two short
hairs on the angles where the front
merges into the diverging sides The
prominent ocular emargination is al-
most filled by the eye and the last seg-
ment of the antennae. Ocular
blotches dark chestnut; ocular bands
indistinct except where they broad-
en to form light brown blotches at
their anterior ends. The ocular
fringe extends around the angle on
to the temples. Temples broadly
rounded, occiput concave. Two oc-
cipital triangles of dark chestnut col-
or connected by a dark band on the
occipital margin and extending for-
ward. Occipital bands wanting.
There are four hairs on the angle
before the ocular emargination, one
larger than the others; five hairs on
the temple, three long and two short-
er; also two hairs on the occiput near
the center.

Thorax.—Length .34 mm., width

Fig. ace lboceab alam stictum 1. SP. 34 mm. Prothorax lenticular, the

anterior margin more flattened than
the posterior, which latter bears a row of about twelve hairs. Meta-
thorax trapezoidal; very dark chestnut blotches occurring in both an-
terior and posterior angles, and the latter angles bearing two hairs
and a spine; also about six hairs on the posterior margin which is
straight. Legs pale with a fringe of hairs on the outer edge of the
tibia.

Abdomen.—Length .78 mm. Last segment rounded; lateral band
of each segment, except the last, with two dark chestnut appendages
curving inward, one at each end of the segment, becoming lighter in
color in the posterior segments. Very long hairs in the posterior
angles of some of the segments. A row of hairs across each segment
and numerous short hairs around the posterior margin of the last seg-
ment. Transverse blotches slightly darker than general ground color of
insect. Genitalia inconspicuous, being only slightly chitinized.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 79

Colpocephalum flavescens Nitzsch.
Two males from the desert sparrow hawk, Falco sparver-
wus deserticolus (Monterey, Cal.)

Menopon tridens Nitzsch.
Specimens from the pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps
(Monterey, Cal.)

Menopon tridens Nitzsch, var. pacificum Kellogg.
Specimens from the pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps,
the common loon, Gavia imber, the shoveller duck, Spatula
clypeata, the American coot, Fulica americana and (strag-
gler?) the desert sparrow hawk, Falco sparverius desertico-
lus, all from Monterey, California.

Menopon sp.
One specimen from the shoveller duck, Spatula clypeata
(Monterey, California.)

o>

A Remarkable Dragonfly (Odon.).

By CHARLES Louts POLLARD, Public Museum, Staten Island
Association of Arts and Sciences, New Brighton, New York.

In the account of a collecting trip in North Carolina last
year, presented before the New York Entomological Society
on December 21, 1909, by Mr. George P. Engelhardt and
myself, reference was made to the capture of a dragonfly,
Gomphoides ambigua Selys, as being the first record of the
occurrence of this tropical American species within the Uni-
reduetates: (see Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. v.18, p. 130).

The specimen, a male, was taken with numerous other
Odonata on the shores of Greenfield Pond, near Wilmington,
N. C., on August 1, 1909. I am unable to recall the circum-
stances of its capture, as I was engaged in general collecting
at the time, and did not recognize the insect as unusual. It
was sent with other species to Mr. R. P. Currie, of the Uni-
ted States Department of Agriculture, who made the follow-
ing comment in returning it:

80 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [abet ues

“Gomphoides ambigua has been reported hitherto only from
Mexico and Guatemala and is thus new to the United States.
It seems strange that it should have been taken in North
Carolina.”

When recently examining the collection of Odonata in the
museum of the Staten Island Association of Arts and
Sciences, Mr. Charles Schaeffer was inclined to question the
identification, basing his opinion on two Mexican specimens
in the Brooklyn museum, which had been determined by Pro-
fessor Philip P. Calvert, and which differed from the Wil-
mington insect. I thereupon sent the latter to Professor Cal-
vert, who courteously replied at length, giving the results of
his examination. The letter is of such interest that it is
quoted in detail:

“The dragonfly from Wilmington, N. C., which you sent
me for determination falls under Gomphoides ambigua Selys,
by my key to the Mexican, Central American and West In-
dian species of this genus in the Biologia Centrali-Americana,
volume Neuroptera. A comparison with specimens shows,
however, that the Wilmington example, while possessing the
very distinct median notch in the posterior dorsal margin of
the last abdominal segment of ambigua, differs from ambigua
and agrees with producta Selys of the West Indies in having
the somewhat dilated lateral margin of the oth segment
(viewed laterally in profile) convex throughout, instead of
being convex in its anterior half and concave in its posterior
half. The sheath of the penis of the Wilmington male is pro-
jecting, viewed laterally, as it is in producta but not in am-
bigua. There is also a slight ditference in the shape of the
hind dorsal margin of the toth segment * * * * * *. The lab-
rum, being chiefly pale green with only a narrow brown bor-
der on its free edge, is different from that of either ambigua
or producta.

“Producta being the West Indian species, is what one
would expect at Wilmington. From the above data your
specimen seems to be intermediate between ambigua and
producta. It is not outside the range of possibility that the

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 81

Wilmington male may belong to some species described from
the female only. This is a difficult matter to decide in the
absence of actual specimens of those species. I am, therefore,
not able to say more than that your male does not agree with
the descriptions or specimens of any male Gomphoides. * * *

“In any event, your Wilmington specimen is the most
northern record for this genus known to me, and therefore
a very interesting capture.”

It is to be hoped that entomologists visiting the Wilming-
ton region, and particularly the neighborhood of Greenfield
Pond, will keep a sharp lookout for species of Gomphoides
and related genera, as it is quite possible that the individual
taken by me had been bred in the vicinity, and was not an
accidental migrant from the West Indies.*

THE Department of Zoology and Entomology of the Ohio State
University has recently received as a donation a fine collection of
Lepidoptera from Mrs. Catherine Tallant, of Richmond, Indiana. The
collection was made by Mr. W. M. Tallant during a series of years
in the nineties and up to about 1905. It contains mainly species occur-
ring in central Ohio, especially at Columbus, but has also a number of
species from different parts of the United States and also some fine
examples of species occurring in South America, Japan, China, India,
Ceylon and Africa. The collection contains about 10,000 specimens in
most excellent condition, very beautifully mounted, and many of the
species contain very full series, showing variations, etc., which will
make them of special value for scientific study. They are, for the most
part, carefully identified. well. preserved and will be kept under the
name of the “Tallant Collection” in good cases and cabinets. Taken
with the other collections in Lepidoptera, the collection of Odonata left
by Professor Kellicott, and those in various groups which have been
accumulated by the efforts of the members of the Department, the
university is now provided with an excellent collection of insects in-
cluding representatives in all the different orders. The total number
of specimens probably approaches close to 100,000—H. O.

*[ According to Mr. Muttkowski’s new catalogue of the Odonata of
North America (Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Mil-
waukee, Vol. 1, art.1) the name Gomphoides Selys must be transferred
to what de Selys and others have called Progomphus Selys. For the
old Gomphoides Mr. Muttkowski proposes Negomphoides. If my
view, set forth in the ‘Biologia, that Gomphoides Selys, Cyclophylla
Selys, and Aphylla Selys are but one genus be accepted, the name
Negomphoides is superfluous as Cyclophylla has priority—P, P. Cat-
VERT. |

82 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb.,

A new Chalcidid from an Oak Gall (Hym.).

By T. D. A. CocKERELL, University of Colorado,
Boulder, Colo.

The beautiful Chalcidid here described was bred by Mr.
E. R. Warren, the well-known Mammalogist, from galls of
Holcaspis on an oak (Quercus undulata Torrey) at Trinidad,
Colorado. The galls are like those of H. rubens, Gillette, but
the single fly obtained seems different.

Syntomaspis warreni n. sp.

@.—Length (exclusive of ovipositor) 4 I-3 mm.; ovipositor 5 2-5
mm.; wings ample, perfectly clear, venation pale fulvo-ferruginous ;
head broad, peacock green, with faint crimson tints, frontal depressions
behind antennae shining golden; eyes bright terra-cotta red; mandibles
red except at apex; sides of face very minutely rugosopunctate, sides
of front becoming striatulate; scape and ring-joint ferruginous; fla-
gellum black, the joints very minutely longitudinally keeled; meso-
thorax and scutellum with large thimble-like punctures, variegated
with green and crimson, the posterior part of the scutellum minutely
granular, with microscopical punctures, and with a marginal sulcus
crossed by fine ridges; other parts of thorax variegated with green and
purple; anterior coxae brilliant green; hind coxae very large, crim-
son-purple; femora and tibiae bright chestnut red; tarsi cream color,
rufescent subapically, black at apex; lower margin of hind femora
minutely denticulate beyond the middle, but with no large tooth; abdo-
men brilliant magenta, with blue-purple shades, first segment with a
very large flap, which is strongly notched posteriorly; second segment
carinate, deeply notched in middle; third segment also deeply notched;
hind tibiae with two spurs; stigma sessile; ovipositor chestnut-red, its

sheath black.

Type in U. S. National Museum.

Mr. J. C. Crawford has kindly compared this insect with
the material in the National Museum, and writes that it comes
very close to Syntomaspis californicus Ashm., which is green-
ish or golden greenish, without the purple tints. The species
is one of those which might be assigned either to Torymus or
Syntomaspis.

> ¢sS
AT THE ANNUAL MEETING of the. Pennsylvania Horticultural Society
held December 20th, in Philadelphia, Dr. Henry Skinner was re-elected
Professor of Entomology for roII.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thank-
fully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source.
The author’s name will be given in each case, for the information of
cataloguers and bibliographers.]

TO CONTRIBUTORS.—AIl contributions will be considered and passed
upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published
according to date of reception. _ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached
a circulation, both in numbers and circumference, as to make it neces-
sary to put ‘“‘copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, four
weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special
or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘extras,’’ without
change in form, will be given free, when they are wanted: and this
should be so stated on the MS., along with the number desired. The
receipt of all papers will be acknowledged.—Ed.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., FEBRUARY, IQII.

The versatility of insects is well shown by the inducements
which they hold out to man to serve as the objects of his most
varied study. From papers and references in this number of
the NEws we find them continually increasing his catalogues
of animal forms, exercising his ingenuity to escape their un-
welcome personal attentions to his body, serving as the mate-
rial for experiments on the method and manner of inheritance
or for the examination of minute details of the structure of
the living cell, illustrating complicated problems of physics,
disturbing his ideas of the operations of climatic influences
upon life. All these branches of human intellectual activity
are of the larger Entomology wherein each of us who reads

these lines tries to do his part.

Dr. A. A. MicHeEtson, of the University of Chicago, delivered the
seventh lecture upon the J. C. Campbell Foundation of the Sigma Xi
Society of the Ohio State University on the evening of December 2.
His subject was “Metallic Colors in Birds and Insects.” The lecture
was amply illustrated by lantern and reflectoscope and was concluded
by an explanation of the most probable cause as found by the lecturer
as a result of his researches——Science, Dec. 23, 1910.

83

84 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’11

Notes and News.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

THE Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine has been able to offer
Liverpool University $50,000 for the establishment of a chair in Tropi-
cal entomology. At a meeting of the Council of the University it was
resolved gratefully to accept the offer—Science, Jan. 6, IQIT.

ANNOUNCEMENT of the Journal of Animal Behavior and the Animal
Behavior Monograph Series.—In response to a widely felt and urgent
need for a periodical in which studies of the behavior and mental life
of organisms may satisfactorily be published a journal and a mono-
graph series have been planned. The Journal of Animal Behavior will
accept for publication field studies of the habits, instincts, social rela-
tions, etc., of animals, as well as laboratory studies of animal behavior
or animal psychology. It is hoped that the organ may serve to bring
into more sympathetic and mutually helpful relations the “naturalists”
and the “experimentalists” of America, that it may encourage the
publication of many carefully made naturalistic observations which at
present are not published, and that it may present to a wide circle of
nature-loving readers accurate accounts of the lives of animals. Be-
ginning with January, 1to11, the Journal will appear bi-monthly in
numbers of approximately 75 pages. Each annual volume of six num-
bers will consist of not less than 450 pages. The subscription price will
be $3.00 per volume (foreign, $3.50). This low price to subscribers
can be maintained only if those who are interested in the study of the
behavior and psychology of animals promptly subscribe and work for
the support of the Journal. The Journal is under the editorial direc-
tion and management of I. Madison Bentley, Assistant Professor of
Psychology, Cornell University; Harvey A. Carr, Assistant Professor
of Psychology, University of Chicago; Samuel J. Holmes, Assistant
Professor of Zoology, University of Wisconsin; Herbert S. Jennings,
Henry Walters Professor of Zoology, Johns Hopkins University; Ed-
ward L. Thorndike, Professor of Educational Psychology, Teachers’
College of Columbia University; Margaret F. Washburn, Professor of
Psychology, Vassar College; John B. Watson, Professor of Experi-
mental and Comparative Psychology, Johns Hopkins University; Wil-
liam M. Wheeler, Professor of Economic Entomology, Harvard Uni-
versity, and Robert M. Yerkes, Assistant Professor of Comparative
Psychology, Harvard University. The Journal is not the property of
any individual, and it is to be conducted solely in the interests of those
branches of science which it represents. All income from subscrip-
tions and other sources, above that necessary for the support of the pub-

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 85

lication as it is planned, is to be devoted to its improvement and en-
largement. Reviews of especially important contributions within its
field will be published as they are prepared, and, in addition, a number
especially devoted to reviews, digests, and a bibliography of the con-
tributions to animal behavior and animal psychology for the year will
be published annually. This review number is to be in charge of an
Editor of Reviews It is hoped that this special number may prove
of value to those readers whose library facilities are meager. The
Animal Behavior Monograph Series will be published in connection
with the Journal as a provision for papers which are too lengthy, or,
for other reasons, too costly to be accepted by the Journal. The mono-
graphs of this series will appear at irregular intervals, and they will
be grouped in volumes of approximately 450 pages. The separate
monographs will be sold at prices determined by the cost of manufac-
ture, and the volume will be sent to regular subscribers for the price of
$3.00 (foreign, $3.50). Subscribers to the Journal are urged to sub-
scribe also to the Monograph Series. The Journal of Animal Behavior
and the Animal Behavior Monograph Series will be published for the
Editorial Board by Henry Holt and Company, New York. Manu-
scripts for the Journal may be sent to the managing editor, Professor
Robert M. Yerkes, Emerson Hall, Cambridge, Massachusetts, or to any
other member of the Editorial Board. Manuscripts for the Monograph
Series should be sent to the editor, Professor John B. Watson, the
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, from whom informa-
tion may be obtained concerning terms of publication. Books and other
matter for review in the Journal should be sent to the editor of re-
views, Professor Margaret F. Washburn, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie,
New York. All business communications should be addressed to the
Journal of Animal Behavior, Cambridge, Mass.

Notes on Limnopira ParieTINA QO. S.—The splendid crane-fly,
Limnobia parietina O. S., has always been regarded as some-
what of a rarity. It was described by Baron Osten Sacken in
1861, from specimens taken at Trenton Falls, N. Y., “on
fences, in September, numerous ¢ and @ specimens.” It has since
been recorded from the White Mountains, New Hampshire, and more
recently (1909), Prof. C. W. Johnson has added a few more records:
Prout’s Neck, Me.; Intervale and Hampton, N. H., and Lake Ganoga,
North Mountain, Pa. I have mentioned the occurrence of the species
in Fulton County, N. Y., in Ent. News for June, 1910. I have the
following notes to add:

In early September, 1910, a friend and I were on a long fishing
tramp up into Hamilton Co., N. Y. On the morning of the 2d, while
passing from Silver Lake, near Arietta, to the White House on the

86 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS _ [Feb., 711

west branch of the Sacandaga River, I noticed an abundance of a
large Tipulid flying about in the dense woods. They proved to be
Limnobia parietina. The woods along Nine-Mile Creek were dark
and gloomy, and very little sunshine penetrated to the ground below.
When the parietina passed from the shadows into the bright sun-
light they looked very large and conspicuous. There were hundreds
of specimens about, and they were the only large crane-fly in this
sort of habitat. They would fly lazily from some resting place, and
usually alight on the trunk of some nearby tree, head upward. I picked
seven ¢’s and one Q from such places, or seized them as they flew
slowly past. It is a notable late summer species, all of the records be-
ing for late August or September.—Cuas. P. ALEXANDER, Ithaca, N. Y.

THE COLEOPTERORUM CATALOGUS, published by W. Junk, Berlin,
edited by S. Schenkling, began publication September 15, 1909. Up to
january I, 1911, the following parts have appeared: 1. R. Gestro,
Rhysodidae; 2. F. Borchmann, Nilionidae, Othniidae, Aegialitidae,
Petriidae, Lagriidae; 3, Alleculidae; 4, M. Hagedorn, Ipidae; 5, R.
Gestro, Cupedidae et Paussidae; 6, H. Wagner, Curculionidae, Apioni-
nae; 7, H. von Schonfeldt, Brenthidae; 8 van Roon, Lucanidae:
9, E. Olivier, Lampyridae; 10, E. Olivier, Rhagophthalmidae, Drilidae;
11, A. Léveillé, Temnochilidae; 12, E. Csiki, Endomychidae; 13, Sca-
phidiidae; 14, M. Pic, Hylophilidae; 15, H. Gebien, Tenebrionidae I;
16, P. Pape, Brachyceridae; 17, Ph. Zaitzev, Dryopidae, Cyathoceridae,
Georyssidae, Heteroceridae; 18, E. Csiki, Platypsyllidae, Orthoperidae,
Phaenocephalidae, Discolomidae, Sphaeriidae; 19, M. Bernhauer et
K. Schubert, Staphylinidae I; 20, A. Schmidt, Aphodiinae; 21, K.
Ahlwarth, Gyrinidae; 22, H. Gebien, Tenebrionidae Il; 23, H. Bick-
hardt, Histeridae. Part 24, S. Schenkling, Cleridae. is announced
for immediate publication. All the other families are in preparation.
The publisher thinks that there is little doubt that the “Catalogus”
will be completed in about six years. Supplements will be published
regularly after completion of the work. The literature on the biology
and development of beetles, chiefly of the injurious species, will be
listed with special care.

THE announcements of the Free Lectures of the Ludwick Institute
to be given in 1911 at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia, contain the following references, direct or indirect to Entomology.

Scientific Explorers of America and Their Discoveries. By Henry
A. Pilsbry, Sc.D., Special Curator, Department of Mollusks, Academy
of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Illustrated by lantern slides. Mon-
days at 8 P. M. February 13: Voyages of the XV., XVI., XVII. Cen-
_ turies and their Geographical Discoveries. Illustrated with reproduc-

tions of interesting early maps and charts, showing the progress of
knowledge of western geography. February 20 and 27: Zoological and
Botanical Explorers and Writers of the XVI. and XVII. Centuries—
Hernandez, Sir Hans Sloane, Bartram, etc. March 6: The Great Ex-
plorers of South and Central America and their Zoological Discov-
eries. March 13: Early North American Explorations.

Entomology. By Henry Skinner, M.D., Conservator, Entomological
Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadephia. Illustrated by

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 87

colored lantern slides. Thursdays at 8 P. M. February 16: Lepidop-
tera, Butterflies and Moths; their life histories, habits, transformations
and distribution. February 23: Economic Entomology: Insects of the
Household and the Farm; Crop and Fruit-tree Pests; the San Jose
scale, gypsy moth, brown-tail moth, tussock moth and other shade-tree
pests. March 2: The Social Insects or Hymenoptera, Bees, Wasps and
Ants; their habits, architecture and communities. March g: Insects
and Disease. Parasitism. Ticks and mites in relatic1i to Texas fever,
spotted fever and relapsing fever. Horse-flies, stable-flies, punkies,
blow-flies, jigger-fleas, bed-bugs. House-flies in relation to typhoid
fever and tuberculosis. March 16: Insects and Disease. Mosquitoes,
their life history; mosquitoes in relation to malaria, yellow fever and
filaria. Sleeping sickness and the tsetse fly. Some tropical diseases
transmitted by insects.

Animal Coloration and Its Significance in Evolution. By J. Percy
Moore. [Illustrated by lantern slides. Thursdays at 8 P. M. March
23: Physical and Physiological Basis of Animal Color. Color in Rela-
tion to Function and Environment. Color Patterns. March 30: Non-
adaptive and Adaptive Coloration. Types of Adaptive or Useful Col-
oration. April 6: Concealing Coloration. April 13: Warning Colors.
Mimicry, etc. Changeable Colors. Dichromatism and Related Phe-
nomena. April 20: Behavior of Color in Heredity. Conclusion.

HAs anyone had any experience with gas lamps used for attracting
moths? I am thinking of buying a 2,000-candlepower gasoline lamp to
use in catching moths. A friend of mine in Chicago thinks a gas lamp
will not attract moths, at least not nearly so many as an electric or
kerosene lamp will do. He claims the light is too white. I am an-
xious to hear from someone who has had actual experience—A. F.
Porter, Decorah, Iowa.

Entomological Literature.

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), excluding Arachnida and
Myriapoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology wiil not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all
dated the current year unless otherwise noted. This (*) following a
record, denotes that the paper in question contains description of a new
North American form.

For record of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington.

2—Transactions, American Entomological Society, Philadelphia.
4—The Canadian Entomologist. 5—Psyche, Cambridge, Mass. 6—
Journal, New York Entomological Society. 7—U. S. Department
of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. 11—Annals and Magazine
of Natural History, London. 16—Bulletin, Societe Nationale d’Ac-

88 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 711

climation de France, Paris. 18—Ottawa Naturalist. 22—Zoologis-
cher Anzeiger, Leipzig. 24—Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift.
38—Wiener Entomologische Zeitung. 40—Societas Entomologica,
Zurich. 45—Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 47—The Zool-
ogist, London. 55—Le Naturaliste, Paris. 81—Biologisches Cen-
tralblatt, Erlangen. 84—Entomologische Rundschau. 92—Zeitschrift
fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, Berlin. 97—Zeitschrift fur
wissenschaftliche Zoologie, Leipzig. 102—Proceedings, Entomo-
logical Society of Washington. 148—Ohio Naturalist, Columbia.
179—Journal of Economic Entomology. 180—Annals, Entomolog-
ical Society of America. 188—The Glasgow Naturalist. 189—Po-
mona Journal of Entomology, Claremont, Cala. 193—Entomologis-
che Blatter, Nurnberg. 216—Entomologische Zeitschrift, Stuttgart.
278—Annales, Societe Zoologique Suisse et du Museum d’Histoire
de Geneve, Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 279—Jenaische Zeitschrift
fur Naturwissenschaft, Jena. 287—Proceedings, Royal Society of
Victoria (new Series), Melbourne. 801—Verhandlungen und Mit-
teilungen des Siebenburgischen Vereins fur Naturwissenschaften
zu. Hermannstadt. 3802—Mitteilungen, Naturwissenschaftlichen
Vereins an der Universitat Wien. 808—Entomologiske Meddelel-
ser, udgivne af Entomologisk Forening, Copenhagen. 304—An-
nals, Carnegie Museum. 805—Deutsche Entomologische National-
Bibliothek, Berlin.

GENERAL SUBJECT. Bablu, E.—Die wirbellose terrestrische
Fauna der nivalen Region, Ein Beitrag zur Zoogeographie der
Wirbellosen, 278, xviii, 761-916. Jacobson, E.—Hilfsmittel beim
Fang und Praparieren von Insekten, besonders in den Tropen, 305,
i, 91-95. Kerr, J. G.—List of species of insects described by J. C.
Fabricius from specimens in Dr. Hunter’s collection, 188, ii, 101-111.
Przibram, H.—Experimental-zoologie, 3. Phylogenese (inklusive
Hereditat), 315 pp., 1910, Leipzig. Rhumbler, L.—Ueber eine
zweckmassige Weiterbildung der Linneschen binaren Nomenklatur,
Ein vorlaufiger Vorschlag, 22, xxxvi, 453-471. Skinner, A——The use
of insects and other invertebrates as food by the No. American
Indians, 6, xviii, 264-267. Swinton, A. H.—The vocal and instru-
mental music of insects, 47, xiv, 299-306, 426-432 (continued).

APTERA & NEUROPTERA. Bottger, O.—Das Gehirn eines
niederen Insektes (Lepisma saccharina), 279, xlvi, 801-844. Cham-
berlin, R. V.—Diplopoda from the western states, 180, iii, 233-276
(*). The Chilopoda of California I., 189, ii, 363-374 (*). Crawford,
D. L.—American Psyllidae II (Triozinae), 189, ii, 347-362 (*).

ORTHOFTERA. Bruner, L.— South American Tettigidae. 304,
vii, 89-143. Criddle, N.—The migration of some native locusts, 18,
xxiv, 164-166. Severin & Severin—The effect of moisture and dry-

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 89

ness on the emergence from the egg of the walking-stick (Diaphero-
mera femoratus), 179, ili, 479-481. Zacher, F.—Tiergeographische,
phylogenetische und biologische Bemerkungen zu Malcolm Burr’s
Dermapterenfauna von British Indien, Burma und Ceylon, 84, xxvii,
174-176.

HEMIPTERA. Chittenden & Marsh—Note on the oviposition
of the tarnished plant-bug, 179, iii, 477-479. Davis, W. T.—The
periodical cicada on Long Island, N. Y., in 1910, 6, xviii, 259-260.
Distant, W. L.—Description of a new species of Cicadidae (from
Central America), 189, ii, 346 (*). Essig, E. O.—Aphididae of
Southern California V., 189, ii, 335-338. The citrus mealy-bug
(Pseudococcus citri), 189, ii, 289-320. A new mealy bug infesting
walnut, apple, and pear trees, 189, ii, 339-345 (*). Heidemann, O.
—Description of a new capsid, 102, xii, 200-201 (*). New species of
Leptoglossus from N. Am., 102, xii, 191-197 (*). Henrich, C.—
Die Blattlaus, Aphididae der Umgebung von Hermannstadt mit
einen Index und Figurenerklarung, 301, lix, 1-104, 1910. Iches, L.—
Une punaise geante de l’Argentine (Belostoma annulipes), 16, lvii,
468-470. Matausch, I.—Entylia Germar and its different forms, 6,
Xviil, 260-263. Schumacher, F.—Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Biologie
der Asopiden, 92, vi, 376-383 (continued). Die Discocera-Arten des
Konigl. Zool. Museums zu Berlin, 22, xxxvi, 471-475. Wilson, H. F.
—A second paper on the genera in the subfamily Callipterinae, 4,
xlii, 384-388. A Key to the genera of the subfamily Aphidinae and
notes on synonomy, 180, ili, 314-325.

LEPIDOPTERA. Andre, E.—Elviages de Lepidopteres Seri-
cigenes, 16, 1910, 500-510. Barnes & McDunnough—Notes on life-
history of Anisota skinneri, 4, xlii, 400-403. Coolidge, K. R—A Cali-
fornia orange dog (Papilio sps), 189, ii, 333-334. Melitaea alma, and
its synonymy, 4, xlii, 403-404. Dyar, H. G—Notes on Megalopygidae,
102, xii, 161-176 (*). On Professor Smith’s treatment of the forms
of Graphiphora (Taeniocampa) allied to hibisci, 4, xlii, 399-400.
Some moths from Claremont, Cala., with notes on certain allied
species, 189, ii, 375-378 (*). Two new species of Graptolitha, 102,
xii, 190 (*). Ely, C. R—New Phycitinae and Crambinae, 102, xii,
202-204 (*). Evers, J—Insekten als Wetterpropheten, 92, vi, 401.
Forbes, W. T. M.—The aquatic caterpillars of Lake Quinsigamond
(Mass.), 5, xvii, 219-227. Furstorfer, H.—Neues ueber die Geni-
talorgane der Rhopalocera, 216, xxiv, 150-151 (continued). Gross-
beck, J. A—New species and one new genus of Geometridae, 6,
xviii, 199-207 (*). Hammar, A. G.—Life history of the codling moth
in northwestern Pennsylvania, 7, Bull. No. 80, pt. vi. Henniger,
W. F.—The Macro-Lepidoptera of Seneca County, Ohio, 143, xi, 233-
242. Luderwaldt, H.—Vergiftungserscheinungen durch Verletzung

90 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., ’11

mittelst haariger oder dorniger Raupen, 92, vi, 398-401. Lyman,
H. H.—Notes on certain species of Graptolitha, 4, xlii, 381-383.
Martin, L.—Die ersten Stande von Elymnias panthera, 305, i, 95-96.
Postel, G.—Nouvelles observations sur la ponte de Malacosma
(Bombyx) Neustria La Livree, 55, xxxii, 278-280. Reiff, W.—
Argynnis cybele, forma bartschi f. nov., 5, xvii, 252-255 (*). Rus-
sell, H. M.—Notes on the geometrid Gypsochroa sitellata, 102,
xii, 177-178. Schaus, W.—New species of Heterocera from Costa
Rica ITT, 11, vi, 561-585 (*). Smith, J. B—New species of Noctuidae
for 1910. No. 2, 2, xxxvi, 251-266 (*). Stichel, H.—Vorarbeiten zu
einer Revision der Riodinidae, 24, lv, 9-103 (continued). Strand, E.
—Neuer Gattungsname in der Lepidopterologie. (Nereidania for
Nereis Warren), 40, xxv, 72. Swett, L. W—Geometrid notes. A
new variety of Nyctobia, 5, xvii, 255-256 (*).

DIPTERA. Bepzi, M.—Zur Synonymie und systematischen Stel-
lung einiger Dipteren, 40, xxv, 66-67. Zwei neue sudamerikanische
Microdon-Arten, 38, xxix, 319-320. Crawford, D. L—The Mexican
orange maggot (Anastrepha ludeus), 189, ii, 321-332. Haseman, L.
—The structure and metamorphosis of the alimentary canal of the
larva of Psychoda alternata, 180, iii, 277-313. Hendel, F.—Ueber
die Nomenklatur der Acalyptratenogattungen nach Th. Beckers
Katalog der palaarktischen Dipteren Bd. 4, 48, xxix, 307-313. John-
son, C. W.—Some additions to the dipteran fauna of New England,
5, xvii, 228-235. Knab, F.—Coquillett’s “The type-species of the
North American genera of Diptera,” 102, xii, 197-200. Krober, O.—
Abnormitaten bei Fliegen, 92, vi, 181, 244-246 (continued). Licht-
wardt, B.—Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Nemestriniden. Theil V.
Ueber Americanische Arten. Th. VI. Ueber Afrikanische Arten, 45,
1910, 589-624. Michl, E.—Eine monstrose Kopfbildung bei Echino-
myia fere, 302, vili, 58-61. Einiges ueber das sogenannte Ptilinum
der schizophoren Dipteren, 302, viii, 85-89. Tolg, F.—Billaea pec-
tinata (Sirostoma latum) als Parasit von Cetoniden und Ceramby-
ciden-Larven, Metamorphose und aussere Morphologie der Larve,
92, vi, 278-283, 331-336, 387-395 (continued).

COLEOPTERA. Anon.—Liste neuerdinags beschriebener oder
gezogener Parasiten und ihrer Wirte, 40, xxv, 63-64, 68. Bick-
hardt, H.—Coleopterorum Catalogus, Pars 24; Histeridae, 137 pp.
Boving, A.—Nye Bidrag til Carabernes Udviklingshistorie, 303,
iii, 319-376. Buhk, F.—Lebensweise und Entwicklung von Sper-
cheus emarginatus, 84, xxvii, 127-128 (continued). Chittenden, F.
H.—The oak pruner (Elaphidion villosum), 7, Circ. No. 130, 7 pp.
Frost, C. A.—Ethological notes on Elaphrus cicatricosus, 5, xvii,
256-257. Hunter, W. D.—The status of the cotton boll. weevil in
1909, 7, Circ. No. 122, 12 pp. Kleine, R—Biologische Beobachtun-

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS gI

gen an Dendrosoter protuberans, 9, vi, 289-292, 346-349 (continued).
Die Lariiden und Rhynchophoren und ihre Nahrungspflanzen, 193,
vi, 261-265, 275-294, 305-339. Kerremans, C.—Monographie des
Buprestides. Lampetis, Tome V. 129-192. Monographie des Bupres-
tides. Tome V, 193-256 (Damarsila). Lea, A. M.—Australian and
Tasmanian Coleoptera inhabiting or resorting to the nests of ants,
bees and termites, 287, xxiii, 116-230, xxv-xxvil. Marsh, H. O.—
Biologic notes on species of Diabrotica in Southern Texas, 7,
Bull. No. 82, p. 67-84. Ohaus, F.—Neue sudamerikanische Dynas-
tiden, 45, 1910, 671-690. Schaeffer, C—New clavicorn Coleoptera,
6, xviii, 210-216 (*). Schenkling, S.—Coleopterorum catalogus.
Pars 23. Cleridae. 174 pp. Spaney, A.—Beitrage zur Biologie un-
serer einheimischen Rosskafer, 45, 1910, 625-634. Titus, E. G—
On the life history of the alfalfa leaf-weevil, 179, iii, 459-470. Well-
man, C.—The generic and subgeneric types of Lyttidae (Meloidae
S. Cantharidae), 4, xlii, 389-396. Kamben, C—Moeurs & metamor-
phoses des Coleopteres de la tribu des Chrysomeliens, 55, xxxii,
164-167, 179-181, 249-250. Moeurs & metamorphoses des especes du
genre Rhizotrogus, 55, xxxii, 263-264, 1910.

HYMENOPTERA. Banks, N.—A few new Psammocharidae, 5,
Xvii, 248-251 (*). Brauns, H.—Biologisches ueber sudafrikanische
Hymenoptera, 92, vi, 384-387 (continued). Brun, R.—Zur Biologie
und Psychologie von Formica rufa und anderen Ameisen, 81, xxx,
524-528 (continued). Cockerell, T. D. A—Some bees from Eldora,
Colorado. Some bees from Ecuador, 5, xvii, 244-247 (*). Friese, H.
—Neue Bienenarten aus Sud-Amerika, 45, 1910, 693-711. Gahan,
A. B.—Some synonymy and other notes on Aphidiinae, 102, xii,
179-189. Girault, A. A—Synonymic and descriptive notes on the
chalcidoid family Mymaridae, 6, xvili, 233-259 (*). Hoppner, H.—
Zur Biologie der Rubusbewohner, 92, vi, 161-167, 219-224 (con-
tinued). Metzer, C.—Studien ueber die Honigbiene (Apis mellifica)
III, Die Verbindung zwischen Vorder-und mitteldarm bei der
Biene, 97, xcvi, 539-571. Pierce, W. D.—On some phases of para-
sitism displayed by insect enemies of weevils, 179, iti, 451-458.
Quayle, H. J.—Scutellista cyanea, 179, iii, 446-451. Rudow, Dr.—
Afterraupen der Blattwespen und ihre Entwicklung, 84, xxvii, 105-
109, 119-121, 128-129, 136-137, 142-143 (continued). Schrottky, C—
Der Wirt von Pedinopelte Kriechb. (Ichneumonidae), 92, vi, 402.
Neue sudamerikanische Grabwespen, 40, xxv, 69-70. Neue sud-
amerikanische Hymenoptera, 84, xvii, 168-169 (continued). Two
new Nomadidae from S. America, 6, xviii, 208-210. Wheeler, W.
M.—The No. American forms of Camponotus fallax, 6, xviii, 216-
232 (*). The North American forms of Lasius umbratus, 5, xvii,
235-243 (*),

92 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 71%

Mosouito oR MAN? THE CONQUEST OF THE TROPICAL WoORLD.—In spite
of all the interest aroused in the past decade on the subject of the re-
lation of insects to disease, authoritative discussions, which, at the same
time are thoroughly interesting for the non-technical reader, are rare.
There has recently appeared such a book, which holds one’s interest from
beginning to end,—Sir Rubert Boyce’s “Mosquito or Man.”* By ability
to present the facts in a readable, popular style, no less than by a broad
first-hand knowledge of his subject, the author, who is dean of the
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, is peculiarly qualified.

It is in the field of tropical medicine that the application of the dis-
coveries of the relations of insects to the transmission of disease has
been most far-reaching, and Sir Rubert has fittingly given his book the
sub-title “The Conquest of the Tropical World.” After a brief dis-
cussion of the foundation of the tropical medicine movement in Eng-
land, he traces the growth of general and applied sanitation in the
tropics and emphasizes that the greatest value of measures along this
line has been in the fact that indirectly and incidentally they resulted
in a reduction in numbers of disease-carrying insects. For instance,
modern methods of obtaining water supplies have resulted in a great
reduction of yellow fever throughout the West Indies in the past fifty
years. But, “the significance of the relationship of the diminution of
yellow fever to the introduction of pipe-borne water is due entirely to
the fact that there has been of necessity a diminution of the common
breeding places of the house mosquito—the Stegomyia calopus—the
sole carrier of yellow fever.”

An entertaining and concise account of the discoveries which under-
lie our present knowledge of insects as carriers of disease is preceded
by a chapter on “Miasm, Tradition and Prejudice.” As one who has
taken part in many campaigns against disease Dr. Boyce has good rea-
son to know the depth to which the old doctrine of the miasmatic
origin of malaria and yellow fever is rooted.{ The popular mind is
not yet freed from the idea of “the deadly miasm, which surrounds you
on all sides, which you encounter at its worst in the cool eventide or
early morning,” and even yet, in many regions, it is regarded as a mat-
ter of course that the newcomer must fall a prey to the “acclimation
fever.” On account of this deep-seated belief in man, the pioneer finds
it far more easy to overthrow the strongholds of the disease-carrying

* Mosquito or Man? The Conquest of the Tropical World. By Sir
Rubert Boyce, M.B., F.R.S. London, 1909. John Murray. $3.50.

+ One of our best dictionaries in its revised, 1909 edition, defines ma-
laria as a fever produced by “morbific exhalations arising from swamps
or effluvia from the decomposition of animal or vegetable matter.”

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 93

mosquito than to overthrow this deep-seated prejudice, which begets
apathy and indifference, characteristic of the tropical countries where
these diseases are so prevalent.

But now, in all parts of the world the campaign against insect car-
riers of disease is being waged. Most instructive are the accounts—
often from personal experience—which the author gives of the re-
sults of this movement. For instance, the early history of yellow fever
shows in some epidemics a mortality rate of 69 per cent. It was not
from want of good food or water, or accommodation that men perish-
ed. “No, they were struck down by some unseen hand, and medicine
said that that hand was the miasm. Today we know it to be the mos-
quito and whereas formerly, acting on the miasm theory not one life was
ever saved, today, armed with the new knowledge, we visit the mias-
matic countries with the same feeling of security that we do when we
pev a visit to the continent.”

A valuable feature is the discussion of plans of campaign against the
guilty mosquito. Especially interesting to the American reader is the
detailed account of the fight against yellow fever in New Orleans, in
1905, in which Dr. Boyce, as volunteer, played an important part. The
book is not limited, as its title would imply, to a consideration of the
mosquito in the transmission of disease but considers also, though
-riefly, the part played by other insects—the tsetse-fly, the rat flea,
ticks, and the housefly. The hookworm, too, is briefly included in the
discussion.

Altogether, the volume is a fascinating one and should be read by
every one who wishes to keep in touch with the advances of preven-
tative medicine. He will put it down with the conviction that the author
is justified in his claim that the tropical world, long retarded in its
development by its reputation as “the white man’s grave,” is today be-
ing steadily and surely conquered. “The three great insect-carried
scourges of the tropics—the greatest enemies that mankind has ever
had to contend with, namely malaria, yellow fever and sleeping sick-
ness—are now fully in hand and giving way, and with their conquest
disappears the awful and grinding depression which seems to have
gripped our forefathers. * * * The tropical world is unfolding once
again to the pioneers of commerce who now do not dread the unseen
hand of death as did-of old the Spanish Conquistadores of Columbus
and Cortes.”—Wwmn. A. Rirry, Cornell University.

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE NEW JERSEY STATE MusEUM, INCLUDING A
REPORT OF THE INSECTS OF NEW JERSEY, 1909.—This contains the Cura-
tor’s Report; Insects, their Classification and Distribution and a Sys-
temic List of the Insects of the State, Alphabetical Index to Localities,

94 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [Feb., 11

Explanations of Abbreviations and Acknowledgments, _ Summary and
Index. This is another edition of Prof. John B. Smith’s well known
New Jersey list of insects. Two previous lists have appeared, the first
in 1890 and the second in 1900. The first list contains the names of
6008 species, the second 8537 and the present list 10385. The work is
intended to aid students and collectors and also to encourage the study
of entomology, particularly economic, among teachers, farmers, fruit
growers and other persons who should be interested in this important
subject. The success of this State list has led to similar records being
kept in other States, with a view of publication, and sooner or later, we
will see them in print. Work of this kind will greatly enhance our
knowledge of distribution and will be useful in the study of many prob-
lems connected with both economic and systematic entomology.—H. S.

Doings of Societies.
FELDMAN COLLECTING SOCIAL.

At a regular meeting held November 16th, 1910, at 1523
South Thirteenth street, Philadelphia, fifteen members were
present. President Harbeck in the chair.

Mr. H. A. Wenzel spoke of a collecting trip made in August
to Pocono Lake, Pa., in company with Mr. Greene, of Easton,
and mentioned the interesting species collected. Among the
rarer were Aphodius leopardus Horn, A. rubripennis Horn and
Dialytes striatulus Say, all collected in cow manure along the
trails in the thick woods. The latter was also taken under the
fallen needles of the pine. These three species had been pre-
viously taken by himself and father at high altitude in Balsam
Mountains, N. C. He went thro’ five or six ant hills with no
success. Found three or four species of Necrophorus on dead
animals and in traps. Mr. H. W. Wenzel said that A. rubri-
pennis was a mountain species and by no means common; had
previously been recorded as found only under bear dung; also
made some remarks on and displayed his collection of
Geotrupes and a pupa of one, probably G. semiopacus Jec.; de-
scribed the tunnelling of species of this genus and, when they
strike an obstruction in the shape of a stone, the manner in
which they dig around it.

>

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 95

Mr. Daecke said he had found Cicindela rufiventris Dej. on
the top of a mountain near Harrisburg; was surprised to find
it there as it is found in just the opposite conditions in New
Jersey.

Mr. Harbeck said since finding at Trenton, N. J., the sawfly
with “four antennae” recorded at the October, 1909, meeting,
he had found another at the same place and one at Mana-
hawkin ; he questioned whether they were all freaks or whether
there was a genus with this characteristic.* This led to a
general discussion on the subject of freaks including mammals,
plants and insects. Adjourned to the annex.

Geo. M. GREENE, Sec’y.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ZOOLOGISTS.

At the eighth annual meeting of the Eastern Branch, held
at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, December 28-30,
1910, the following papers of an entomological character were
read: Dr. N. M. Stevens (Bryn Mawr College) Hetero-
chromosomes in Mosquitos. Contrary to the previous exper-
ience of the speaker that when heterochromosomes were found
in one member of a genus or family of Coleoptera, Diptera
or Hemiptera, they are also to be found in other members of
the same group, she found heterochromosomes clearly differ-
entiated in Anopheles but not differentiated in Culex and
Theobaldia; this non-differentiation was used as an argument
against the idea that heterochromosomes are sex-determinants.
Prof. T. H. Montgomery, Jr. (University of Pennsylvania),
Origin and significance of Mitochondria. This granular con-
stituent of cells was studied in living sperm cells of Euschistus
(Hemipteron) and was considered to be due not toan extrusidn
of chromatin from the nucleus but probably to a chemical in-
teraction between nuclear and cytoplasmic material; it was
suggested that cells receiving much mitochondria may become
somatic cells, those receiving little mitochondria may become

* Mr. E. T. Cresson stated, without having seen these specimens, that
they were perhaps males of Lophyrus.—Ebs.

96 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ Feb.,

germ cells. Prof. P. P. Calvert (University of Pennsylvania),
Newly Found Odonate larvae of special interest from Costa
Rica. Larvae of Cora with anterior abdominal tracheal gills
and of Mecistogaster modestus from water between leaf bases
of arboricolous bromeliads were described and the transfor-
mation of the latter species shown by a series of photographs
from life. Dr. A. Petrunkevitch (Yale University) The
senses, courtship and mating in tarantulas, and A case of re-
generation in tarantulas, illustrated by very interesting photo-
graphs and demonstrations. Prof. T. H. Morgan (Columbia
University), The origin and heredity of four wing mutations
in Drosophila, and The heredity of red eyes, white eyes and
pink eyes in Drosophila.

At the meeting of the American Society of Naturalists held
in conjunction with the Eastern Branch of the Zoologists,
Prof. Morgan contributed a paper also dealing with Droso-
phila under the title: The application of the conception of pure
lines to sex-limited inheritance and to sexual dimorphism,
while Prof. J. H. Gerould (Dartmouth College) spoke on
Polymorphism and inheritance in Colias philodice.

For the meetings of the Central Branch of the American
Society of Zoologists in conjunction with Section F, Zoology,
A. A. A. §., held at Minneapolis, Minn., December 28, 29 and
30, 1910, the following entomological papers were announc-
ed: J. F. Abbott (Washington University), Poulton’s Theory
of the Origin of Mimicry in Certain Butterflies; S. R. Wil-
liams (Miami University), Comparison of the Arrangement
of the Eggs in the Nests of Japyx sp. and Scutigerella im-
maculata; S. J. Hunter (University of Kansas), On the
Transition from Parthenogenesis to Gameogenesis in Aphids.
II. (Lantern); Fernandus Payne (University of Indiana),
The Pomace Fly Bred in the Dark for 67 Generations; C. E.
McClung (University of Kansas), Chromosome Individual-
ity; J. A. Nelson (U. S. Dept. of Agriculture), Origin of the
Rudiments of the Mesenteron of Honey Bee; W. J. Baum-
gartner (University of Kansas), Spermatogenesis in the Mole
Crickets.

Feb. ] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. i

EXCHANGES.

Not Exceeding Three Lines Free to Subscribers.

8ay- These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new
ones are added at the end of the column, and only when necessary those at the top
(being longest in) are discontinued.

Coleoptera exchanged for native or exotic specimens new to my collec-
tion List on application.—Emil Liljeblad, 1018 Roscoe St., Chicago, Ill.

Diptera—Will give duplicates in exchange for identification.—A. J.
Weidt. 439 Washington Street, Newark, N. J.

Duplicates—Fine /Parnassius ex. Thian-Shan, Turkestan, including
romanov1, appolonius and ab. flavomaculata, Staudingeri, nubilosus,
intermedius, etc. ; rare Saturnids in paper as: Philosamia, ricint, Attacus,
Edwardsi, atlas; var. ex. java: Argema mimose ; Actias selene ;
Anthzrea mylitta and var. sivalica; Nudaurelia menippe, ringlert,
caffraria, etc., Cricula andrei n. sp.; life histories. Cocoons, hybrid
cynthia x ricini (Bengal) and plenty of common species in papers and
cocoons. Will take in exchange cocoons or moths of rare Saturnids or
Parnassius ; particularly want Cadleta, Colombia cocoons—any Arizona,
California or New Mexico species of Hemileuca or Saturnia.—J. Henry
Watson, 70 Ashford Road, Withington, Manchester, England.

I have for exchange living pupae of 7. asterias, Sp. achemon, quin-
gquemaculata, sexta, chersis, A. luna, A. myron, A. aurora, E. tityrus
and octomaculata. Want pupae of others not in my collection.—Joseph
N. Lang, 619 Bunker St., Chicago, II.

Lepidoptera—I have for exchange living pupae of Adelocephala bico-
lor, Sphinx jamaicensis,; also in papers, Meganostoma caesonia, Apan-
tesis virguncula and Catocalae.—James Tykal, 2807 Ridgeway Avenue,
Chicago, II]

Micro-Coleoptera—Isaac B. Ericson, Molndal, Sweden, is working up
the Micro-Coleoptera of the world and desires to exchange specimens.—
G. A. Akerlind, 664 Monadnock Block, Chicago, Illinois, will act as
intermediary if desired.

Wanted—In the spring or early summer, four live female Axosia plex-
ippus to be posted to England, liberal prices paid.—Kindly apply to
Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, Arundel House, Kensington Palace Gar-
dens, London, W.

Will purchase Cicindelae in series of the more common forms from all
over the United States. Dates and localities necessary.—E. D. Harris,
280 Broadway, New York.

Butterflies—I will name spread North American butterflies. Many
rare species for exchange.—Dr. Henry Skinner, Logan Square, Phila-
delphia, Penna.

Wanted—Specimens of the Coccid genus Lepidosaphes (formerly
Mytilaspis) for study. Will name and return.—H. T. Fernald, Amherst,
Mass.

Japanese Butterflies and others. Papilio, Charaxes, Hestinia, Eu-
ripus, Saturnids, Sphingids from Formosa. Wanted Butterflies from any
part of the world, especially tropical region.—T Fukai, Konosu, Sai-
tama, Japan.

Cocoons and chrysalids of C promethea aud P. troilus for exchange
for Lepidoptera in papers.--Edwin P. Meiners, 2624 N. Garrison Ave.,
St Louis, Mo.

Catocalae and other Lepidoptera. Eggs of zxuubens, cara, amatrix,
ilia, piatrix and hickory feeders. Also pupae of regaiis, imperialts,
luna, modesta and P. ajax, troilus and cresphontes.—H. A. Davenport,
R. D. No. 3, Louisiana, Mo.

ii ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ Feb.

Lepidoptera for exchange from IgIo, on pins, all named ; also pupae
of cresphontes, troilus, turnus for others.—F. Mulkmus, 3735 Cottage
Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Wanted—Elateridae and Buprestidae for other named Coleoptera. I
also desire to exchange entomological bulletins of the various Experi-
ment Stations for others not in my library, and for bulletins on plant
pathology. Send lists.—C. O. Houghton, Delaware College, Newark,
Delaware.

Lepidoptera on pins from this locality for exchange.—Ernst Frensch,
Box 622, Stonington, Conn.

THE POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY

Published by the Biological Department of Pomona College

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Slope. A well-established, high-class quarterly in its second
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economic, biologic and taxonomic entomology. Indispensable
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$1.00 to domestic, and $1.25 to foreign postal countries. Sepa-
rates of any articles always available. Address

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JUST PUBLISHED

Catalogue of the Nearctic Hemiptera-Heteroptera, by Nathan Banks.

116 pp. $1.00
Descriptions of new N. American Hemiptera, by E. P. Van Duzee. 16 pp. a5
Revision of the Blastobasidae of North America, by Wm. G. Dietz, 72

PD a platesiaye we 75
Miscellaneous Notes and Descriptions of North American Coleoptera,

Voie Gaball Srooup pt. = smcamseeen eee Se OP ee
New ae Little- known Bees, by TAY Cockerell, st ‘pp. ach Sil .50
New species of Noctuidae for 1910. No. 2, by J. B. Smith, 16 pp. ee sie Pats

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Ets caaniae: Editor, W. E. Britton, New Haven, | S. A. Forbes, State Entomologist, I}linois.
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THE AGASSIZ ASSOCIATION

A WORLD-WIDE ORGANIZATION FOR ALL STUDENTS AND LOVERS
OF NATURE, OUTDOOR LIFE AND NATURAL SCIENCE

ARCADIA, SOUND BEACH, CONNECTICUT.
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From our Charter: ‘‘ For the purpose of the promotion of scientific education ; the advance-
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of observers and teachers in the different departments of science, and the general diffusion of
knowledge.”’”

The Agassiz Association is under the control of a Board of Trustees. It is for all ages, all
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EXOTIC LEPIDOPTERA.

ERNEST SWINHOE,
6, Gunterstone Road, West Kensington, London, W.

__ Catalogue No. 19 for 1910, 50 pp., mailed free on demand.
_ Explanatory Catalogue with descriptions of over 300 sp. 12c.
Fine series of Mimicry and Seasonal Dimorphism.

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North American and Exotic Insects of all Orders in Perfect Condition
ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES—CATALOGUES GRATIS
Ornithoptera victoria regis, New Guinea
Pair cos ih ae oe ee

Ornithoptera urvilleanna, salomnensts,
NewéG ained +2 Pains, -.1ss0e2es eee

Papilio blumei, India. Each

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Each

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Epiphora Bauhiniae, Africa. Pair......... 3.00 é

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Nudaurelia ringleri. Pait.......cccseeceeees 4.00 Urania croesus.

Imbrasia epimethea. Pair............cccee0n 4 50

Please send your list ot Desiderata for Quotation

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Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective coloration,
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Metamorphoses of insects.
We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes

Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insects pins, forceps, etc..

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