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Ent. News, Vot. XXII. Plate IV.

CALOPTERYGINE NYMPHS—NEEDHAM.-

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

AND

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VoL. XXII. APRIL. 19Our1: No. 4.
CONDENTLS:

Needham—Descriptions of Dragonfly Quayle—The Male of the Black Scale
Nymphs of the Subfamily Calop- (Saissetia oleae Bern.) (Hemip.)... 167
teryginae (Odonata) ...........-... 145 | Rowley—The ‘‘ Crop” of Lepidopters

Allard—The Stridulations of some OM TOTO ee eterstelerevareteleloie eletersiate eroralolerei siete 170
Eastern and Southern Crfckets ito Lia luce mae ceterrectecielelclelereisisieciels 177
(Cigd Onis cian ocOt DAD SAD DOCON Da OeOee ESA IN OLESIATIGCMNGWS see cies) seins a/elc(e'e~ 5's/2/<)s\- 178

Caudell—Some Remarks on Kirby’s Entomological Literature............. 183
Synonymic Catalogue of Orthop- Doings) of Societies . <0... 0-ccccesscc' 187
tera, Vol. III, with additional notes Obituary—James William Tutt........ IgI

Gir Wolk aia ln tl S854 cqceenecosepee 158 |

Descriptions of Dragonfly Nymphs of the Subfamily
Calopteryginae (Odonata).
By JAmes G. NEEDHAM, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
(Plates IV, V.)

The basis of our present knowledge of the immature stages
of this group of dragonflies was laid by Dr. Hagen in a paper
but a few pages in length, published in 1880,* under the title
“Essai d’un Synopsis des Larves des Calopterygines.” Nymphs
of Calopteryx had been described earlier, and in that genus
and in Hetaerina fuller descriptions have appeared since; but
with the exception of a few undetermined forms described
by Karsch in 1893 + and a few figures of nymphal labia pub-
lished by Miss Hortense Butler in 1904, ¢ that little paper has
until quite recently represented all our knowledge of the sys-
tematic relations of the immature stages of the group. Yet
that paper was merely synoptic, without other descriptions
than mere diagnostic statements of group characters, and it
was not illustrated.

*In C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg., Vol. 23, pp. Ixv-Ixvii. Abstracted by Mc-
Lachlan, in Ent. M. Mag., Vol. 17, p. 90; also in Zool. Anz., Vol. 3, pp.
304-305.

} Berl. Ent. Zeit., Vol. 38, pp. 47-48.

+ Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. 30, pp. 127-128, pl. V, figs. 1-6.

145

146 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ April, ’11

During 1907 I had the privilege (due to the courtesy of
Mr. Samuel Henshaw) of studying Hagen’s specimens in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology. Of two of the species
of the Synopsis, (the Euphaea splendens of Ceylon and the
fragment doubtfully referred to the genus Cora) I could find
no trace. The others I found and studied, and also two addi-
tional members of the group here treated, not noticed by
Hagen in that paper, and perhaps of later acquisition by him.
By the study of the venation of the developing nymphal wings
I was able to make closer determination of some of the forms,
confirming his determination of Neurobasis, but finding his
Anisopleura comes to be in fact a species of Bayadera, and
his Euphaea dispar? to be probably Anisopleura comes. The
new descriptions and figures of these forms made at that time
were laid aside because other matters were more pressing.
Recently Mr. Tillyard’s rearing of the nymph of the Austra-
lian Diphlebia lestoides, * and Dr. Calvert’s still more recent
and most welcome discovery of the nymph of Cora + have re-
vived my interest in the matter, and have led me to offer
these notes and figures for publication in the News.

The greatest interest has attached to the nymphs of the
“Legion Euphaea” of de Selys, doubtless because of their pos-
session of paired lateral filamentous tracheal gills on most of
the abdominal segments (a character appearing in somewhat
altered form in Cora). On this account one of Hagen’s types
was figured in Packard’s Text-book of Entomology (p. 469).
The figure is small and inadequate for specific determination ;
but since it shows no spines on the frons it perhaps represents
the “Euphaea splendens” of the “Synopsis,” which Hagen says
was verified by Nietner, and which I was unable to find re-
posing in the collection at the time my studies were made.
Tillyard has shown that Diphicbia lacks external paired lateral
gills; and I am here describing another member of the “Le-
gion” that lacks them, from Jamaica. The wing venation is
not well enough preserv ed to render determination very cer-

*Proc. Linn. ee Nene Wales, Vol. 34, pp. 370-383, pl. 33, 1900.
+ Entom. News, Vol. 22, pp. 49-64, IQII.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 147

tain, and no Calopterygine other than Hetaerina is at present
known from Jamaica. The characters of the caudate gills and
of the mandibles are sufficiently interesting, even though the
nymphs are not fully determinable.

Herewith I describe briefly and illustrate nymphs, I judge
to belong to the following species: Neurobasis chinensis
Linn; Calopteryx angustipennis Sel.; Anisopleura comes
Hagen ; Bayadera indica Sel.; Unknown nymph from Jamaica.

Neurobasis chinensis (supposition). (Plate IV, figs. 1-4.) Hagen,
C. R. Soc. Ent., Belg., Vol. 23, p. Ixv, 1880.

Several well grown nymphs in which the venation of the
adult could be in part recognized in the wings enabling me to
verify generically, at least, Dr. Hagen’s supposition. No. 302,
M. C. Z., “Billespur, Himalaya, India, Carleton, 1872.”

Length, 30; lateral gills, 13 additional; median gill only 9 mm.;
abdomen, 20; mind femur, 7 mm.; width of head, 3 mm.; of abdomen,
2.2 mm.

Body very elongate, slender and smooth. Head depressed, longer
than wide, narrowed both ways from the laterally prominent eyes, and
without dorsal tubercles. Antennae very long, the basal segment being
about twice as long as the head is wide, fusiform, and pubescent, espe-
cially upon the inner side, the second segment about one-eighth as long
as the first, and the remainder comprised in an unjointed slender
and tapering flagellum, that is somewhat longer than the second joint.
Labium slender, the hings reaching posteriorly to the mesothorax,
basal half of the mentum with parallel sides, suddenly widening just
beyond the middle to the bases of the lateral lobes, and then regularly
narrowing to the greatly produced tip, the anterior half being occupied
by a deep and wide oval median cleft, that is closed in front by the
close apposition and partial adherence of the slender lobes that bound
it; these lobes show a slight constriction near the tip, and there is a pair
of spinules on the inner margins of the cleft at two-thirds its length.
The median cleft descends through somewhat more than half the
length of the mentum. The lateral Jobes are very slender, almost
linear, with doubly and finely serrate inner margin, ending in a slender
and nearly straight hook, above which are two similar but larger hooks
on end, and above these three that together terminate the lateral lobe
is the usual movable hook on the external margin, with three minute
spinules just before its base above.

148 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 711

Legs not remarkably long, but slender. Wing cases reaching the
fourth abdominal segment. Abdomen long, cylindric. Gills long,
straight, slowly tapering and then suddenly enlarged just before the
tips, after which they are abruptly narrowed to the end, the lateral
ones triquetral, the median flat, with a carina each side, ard one-third
shorter than the laterals.

Calopteryx angustipennis (supposition). (Plate IV, figs. 5-8.)
A single immature female specimen, M. C. Z., No. 307,
“Green River, near Mammoth Cave, Ky., 4-11-’74, Putnam.”

Length 20 mm.,, lateral gills 12 mm. additional, the median gill 9
mm., abdomen 13 mm., antenna 8 mm., of which the basal segment
measures 5 mm., hind femur 8 mm., width of head 3 mm., of abdomen
2 mm.

Body very long and slender. Head about as long as wide, depressed
and very flat above, with a prominent, angulately elevated and an-
teriorly directed tubercle behind each eye. Eyes small and situated
at the midlateral margin of the head, and laterally prominent. An-
tennae very long, the basal segment densely pubescent and longer than
the head is wide, the second segment one fourth as long as the first
and the third to the seventh successively shorter and more slender.
Labium very long and slender, the hinge reaching posteriorly to the
metathorax; mentum with sides parallel in basal half, deeply and widely
cleft in the greatly widened apical half into two slender lobes; these
lobes are apposed at apex making an oval inclosure of the cleft; a pair
of spinules, one each side, arise from the inner edges of the cleft at
three-fourths its length. The lateral lobes are slender, with nearly
parallel sides. the inner margin slightly convex and finely and doubly
serrate, ending in a short arcuate end hook, that is separated by a deep
cleft from two other larger similarly shaped hooks upon the end; above
these hooks there is on the external margin the usual movable hook,
which is larger and stouter and regularly arcuate there is a pair of
spinules on the lateral margin just before the base of the movable
hook.

Legs very long and slender, each femur with a flattened prominence
at the end upon its anterior face, that rests against the side of the
tibia at its base, and is doubtless for leverage in these long legs.
Wing cases reaching the middle of, the 3d abdominal segment (young).

Abdomen cylindric, or very slightly tapering posteriorly, the lateral
margins becoming prominent and spinulose on the 8th and oth seg-
ments. Gills long, widest near the apex and suddenly tapering to the
tips, spinulose margined, all slightly decurved, the middle one more

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 149

decidedly so, and becoming oblique at apex; lateral gills triquetral, the
median, flatter and with a longitudinal carina upon either face.

General color yellowish green; some narrow longitudinal streaks
and minute spots in pairs on the top of the head, and a broad black
band extends from the base of the antenna to the thorax, including
the eye. There are indications of paler transverse bands upon the
gills and of subapical rings on the femora.

This species differs markedly from those hitherto known*
in the form of the middle caudal gill-lamella, its greater brev-
ity and apical widening and obliquity being very noticeable.

Anisopleurd comes Hagen (supposition). (Plate V, figs. 1-3.)
Hagen, C. R., Soc. Ent. Belg., Vol. 23, p. Ixvi, 1880, “Euphaea
dispar?”

Carleton, M. C. Z., No. 301, India.

Length 21 mm., gills 9 mm. additional, abdomen Ir mm., hind fe-
mur 5 mm., width of head 5 mm., of abdomen 4 mm.

Body rather stout. Coloration lost, owing to action of alcohol.
Antennae rather stout, 7-jointed, the relative lengths of the segments
being as 1:1:1.3:1:.8:.6:.5. Mandibles conspicuously biramous, the
outer branch about as large as the inner projecting forward at the
sides of the mouth outside as in generalized members of the Ephe-
merinae. Labium very similar to that of Bayadera shown in fig. 6 of
plate V. Its lateral lobe differing slightly in the proportions of the
end hooks, fig. 3.

Legs stout, thinly fringed with hairs along the superior longitudinal
carinae. Wing-cases reaching the middle of the 5th abdominal seg-
ment. Abdomen slowly tapering posteriorly, bearing simple paired
filamentous gills at the sides of the 2nd to the 8th segments. Caudal
gills (middle one wanting) inflated at base with a ciliate superior
carina, tapering to a long slender tail-like apex nearly as long as the
swollen basal part and clothed with long soft hairs.

The only clue to the identity of this nymph is found in the
venation of the developing wings, which are, unfortunately,
but poorly preserved. These things are evident. Ante- and
post-nodals in the fore wing are 14 and 16 respectively, and

*Dr. Fr. Ris has recently characterized the nymphs of the two
commonest European species (Die Stisswasser-fauna Deutschlands, p.
47, 1909) and I distinguished two of the commonest N. American forms
in 1903 (Bull. 68 N. Y. State Museum, P. p. 222). This is the fifth species
of Calopteryx nymphs to be made known.

150 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 11

the latter in the hind wing are of about the same number.
There are five or six cross veins behind the stigma, with no
brace vein, nor any apparent furcation of vein Ri at its inner
end. Quadrangle and sub-quadrangle of the hind wing are
without cross veins, and the wing ceases to be petiolate (i. e.,
the anal vein separates itself from the anal margin) at the
third cross vein before the sub-quadrangle.

Bayadera indica (Plate V, figs. 4-7.) Hagen, C. R. Soc. Ent.
Belg., Vol. 23, p. Ixvi, 1880, “Anisopleura comes?”

MecG> Z No: 300; India Carleton: ¢ ‘

The nymph measures in length 22 mm., abdomen 12 mm., hind fe-
mur 5.5 mm., width of head 5.5 mm., of abdomen 4 mm., gills 6 mm.

Body rather stout, moderately depressed. Head widest across the
eyes, the hind angles rather large, well rounded, scurfy hairy, and be-
tween them there is a strong concavity of the hind margin. Antennae
7-jointed: ratio of length of segments from base outwards is as I:
1.5 :2.2:1.5:1.2:1:.7._ Frons slightly convex, covered with prickly granu-
lations, its front border, and likewise that of the labium somewhat
denticulate. Mandibles obscurely biramous, the outer branch a broad
lateral prominence armed externally with four prominent sharp and
strong, anteriorly directed teeth. Labium short and broad, the hinge
reaching posteriorly to the middle of the prothorax. Lateral borders
of the mentum serrate in the middle, the median lobe well rounded,
with a narrow, closed median cleft: no raptorial setae: lateral lobes
short and narrow, with finely denticulate inner margin that ends in a
truncate prominence scarcely forming an end hook, and above which
are two sharp incurved hooks on the distal margin, the lower one the
larger. Movable hook stout, arcuate.

Prothorax almost as wide as the head, the lateral margins of its
dorsal shield spinous. Legs short and thinly hairy. Tarsi 3,-3,-3-
jointed, with a minute plantula between the claws. Wing cases ex-
tend posteriorly to the apex of the 5th abdominal segment.

Abdomen stout, with conspicuous lateral gills on segments 2-8, one
pair on each segment, simple, filiform-conic, constricted at the base,
each except the 8th longer than the width of its segment. Segment
10 dorsally excavate behind. Caudal gills three, thick, inflated at base
and scarcely triquetral, scantily pubescent, contracted at base, widest
before the middle, and suddenly constricted, and tapering in their
apical fourth to an acute point.

An examination of fore and hind wing of one specimen re-

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS I5I

vealed the venation poorly preserved in the basal part, but well
enough preserved in the outer two-thirds to show the points
of origin of sectors, the number of included cell rows, the
points of doubling of the rows. I made careful comparison
with the wings of adult Bayadera indica from the same local-
ity, and found such close likeness in every part as to leave
scant doubt as to the species and none at all as to the genus.
Ante- and post-nodals in the fore wing were 24 and a1 re-
spectively and the cross veins behind the stigma were, in fore
and hind wing, 5 and 6 respectively.

In examining the costal region of the hind wing I noticed
that the outer edge of it was thinly clothed with intermingled
hairs and flat scales.

At the middle of the inner face of the mandible in this spe-
cies there is a tooth surrounded in part by thin membrane at
its base and perhaps more or less movable, comparable to the
articulated appendage to be described in the next species fol-
lowing.

Unknown nymph from Jamaica (PI. IV, figs. 8-12).

A few immature nymphs from Wag-water River, Jamaica,
Mie 7 and 10, -77., M. C.°Z., 320 and 322.

Length 15 mm., abdomen 9 mm., gills 5 mm.; width of head 2.5 mm.,
of abdomen 2 mm.

Body rather stout, somewhat depressed. Head squarish, the hind
angles a little less prominent than are the eyes at the midlateral mar-
gins. Hind margin concave between the obtuse hind angles. Top of
head very flat. Frontal ridge, border of labrum and external lobe of
“the mandible finely denticulate. Antennae 7-jointed, the segments from
base outward being as to length in the following ratio: 1 :3:2:1.5:1.2:1:
.6. Labium as in Bayadera.

Thorax depressed. Legs short, stout, thinly hairy. Wing cases
reaching (in these immature specimens) only to the middle of the
third abdominal segment.

Abdomen cylindric, or very slightly tapering, the first and tenth
segments somewhat shorter than the intermediate segments. No
lateral gills: caudal gills three, each cylindric or somewhat inflated in
its basal three-fifths, scarcely triquetral, but with a thin marginal
fringe of hairs, the apical two-fifths suddenly contracted and then
tapering into a long hairy lash-like point.

152 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ April, ’11

There is a trapezoidal dark mark across the dorsum of abdominal
segments 2-8 or 2-9, narrowly divided on the median line: and there
is a row of )-or (- marks, either side, concave externally.

Mandibles short and thick, not biramous, but with a spinous tu-
bercle standing in the place of the outer ramus, and with a bifid palp-
like movable tooth upon the middle of the inner face.

This nymph while agreeing in many respects with the two
preceding, differs markedly in the absence of lateral abdominal
gills and of mandibular tusk; also in the sharpness of the con-
struction of the middle of the caudal gills dividing them as if
two-jointed and the greater length of the second antennal seg-
ment.

There is no known Jamaican Calopterygine with which this
nymph can be associated. The imperfectly preserved venation
of one specimen shows that quadrangle and subquadrangle
are without cross veins. There are about 15 post-nodals, and
there is no brace vein to the stigma. Vein M2 arises a little
beyond the nodus, and is closely parallel with the radial sec-
tor throughout a rather undulate course. All the long diagonal
areas traversing the disc of the wing are occupied by single
cell rows, and there is a sudden considerable apical divergence
between veins Rs and M3. In all these characters there is
considerable resemblance to the Agrionine Ortholestes, but I
cannot believe that a nymph so unlike all known Lestinae in
labium, in gills and in stature is referable to that genus. It
accords so well with Bayadera, Diphlebia, etc., that I prefer to
believe there remains in Wagwater River, Jamaica, an undis-
covered Calopterygine genus, with rather sparse venation.

As in the Anisoptera so in the Zygoptera, it is the form of
the labium that furnishes the most constant and reliable char-
acters for distinguishing the major groups. The presence or
absence of lateral gills is of small moment, and the form of
the caudal gills is unpredictable. Plate IV of this paper rep-
resents the group which in 1903* I recognized as a sub-family
under the name Vestalinae; plate V represents another, that I

*A genealogic study of dragonfly wing venation. Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., Vol. 26, p. 744.

Plate V.

Ent. News, VoL. XXII.

CALOPTERYGINE NYMPHS—NEEDHAM.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 153

named Epallaginae. Surely the characters contrasted upon
these two plates are sufficient to justify the separation of these
two groups. Clearly the Epallaginae are the more primitive.
Their biramous* mandibles and their lateral abdominal gills
ally them with the sub-family Ephemerinae of Mayflies, and
their venation is vastly more primitive than that of the Vesta-
linae.

Since the foregoing was written I have examined a nymph
of still another Calopterygine genus from India—a single
nymph from Simla Hills collected and sent me by Dr. N.
Annandale. It is, unfortunately, a young nymph, perhaps
about two-thirds grown (the wing tips reach only to the base of
the third abdominal segment), with no venation showing, the
specimen being near a moult, its wings crumpled within their
sheaths. It is more elongate than Bayadera or Antsopleura
with slenderer legs, and would be larger when grown (length
of head and body in the present specimen 18 mm., gills 6 mm.
additional.) It may perhaps belong to Philoganga. The in-
flated caudal gills are intermediate in character between those
of Bayadera and Anisopleura, being more pointed than the
one and less so than the other and being without constriction
at the base of the attenuate apical portion. The mandible is
also intermediate in the character of the external ramus, which
is not quite simple, but nearly so, with only minute serratures
upon its outer side—not a row of subequal teeth. The lateral
abdominal gills are very similar in form, but they are decurved
beneath the abdomen and scarcely visible from above. They
“occur, as in the others, on segments 2 to 8.

*The mandible of Cora is not biramous in the sense in which I have
used the word in this paper: the outer ramus of the forms here de-
scribed is wanting. The more or less movable piece upon the inner
face of the mandible, perhaps a little better developed as a movable
part in Cora than in any of those I have seen, apparently has no coun-
terpart in the Ephemerine mandible, although there is rather regularly
a movable palp-like piece situated at the base of the outer ramus of
the mandible on its inner side in Mayfly nymphs.

154 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, ’11

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Prats LV.

Fig. 1—The head and prothorax of Neurobasis chinensis?, from above.
Fig. 2—End of labium of same, from within.

Fig. 3—Lateral lobe of the same, from within.

Fig. 4—End of abdomen, with caudal lamellae, from the side.

Fig. 5—Head and prothorax of Calopteryx angustipenms?, from above.
Fig. 6—End of labium of same, from within.

Fig. 7—Lateral lobe of same, from within.

Fig. 8—End of abdomen with caudal lamellae, from the side.

PLATE V.

Fig. 1.—The nymph of Anisopleura comes?, middle gill wanting. The
outer ramus of the mandible is exposed at the side of the
mouth.

Fig. 2.—Lateral lobe of labium of the same.

Fig. 3—Head and prothorax of Bayadera indica?, from above.

Fig. 4.—Lateral caudal gill of the same.

Fig. 5.—Mandible of same: a, external ramus; b, internal ramus; c,
articulate tooth of the inner face.

Fig. 6.—End of labium of same, from within.

Fig. 7.—Lateral lobe of same from within.

Fig. 8—Head and thorax of nymph from Jamaica, from above.

Fig. 9—Mandible of same, from above. a, b, c, as in fig. 5.

Fig. 10—End of labium of same, from within.

Fig. 11.—Lateral lobe of same, from within.

Fig. 12—An unknown nymph from Jamaica.

The Stridulations of Some Eastern and Southern
Crickets * (Orth.).
By H. A. Atxarp, U. S. Dept. Agric., Washington, D. C.

In all parts of our country musical species of crickets are
more or less common. Although the notes of locusts and
katydids are strident lispings and raspings, the stridulations
of nearly all crickets are characterized by true musical tones.
These insects have become adapted to a wide range of en-

*The crickets mentioned in this paper have been identified through
the kindness of Mr. A. N. Caudell of the U. S. National Museum,
and all material collected has been added to the U. S. Museum collec-
tions in his charge.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 155

vironmental conditions. The mole crickets (Gryllotalpa)
dwell in subterranean burrows in wet soils. The numerous
species of Nemobius and Gryllus are almost strictly terrestrial
in their habits, preferring the grass and dry leaves of fields
and pastures. In the low herbs and tangles of vines and
shrubs dwell species of Anaxripha, Phylloscirtus and Oecan-
thus. In the foliage of the higher shrubs and trees may be
found Orocharis, Cyrtoxipha and arboreal species of Oecan-
thus.

The notes of all crickets may be classed as either intermit-
tent or prolonged. The intermittent “singers” include all
species which chirp or trill briefly, as Oceanthus niveus, O.
angustipennis, Cyrtoxipha columbiana and many others. The
prolonged trillers are always recognized by their uninterrupt-
ed trillings which may continue indefinitely without pause.
Oecanthus latipennis, O. nigricornis, Phylloscirtus pulchellus,
Anaxipha exigua and many others have the prolonged trilling
habit.

The habits, range and stridulations of many of our crickets
are almost entirely unknown. More careful collecting, es-
pecially throughout the South, will probably add a number of
new species to our fauna and, at the same time, greatly extend
the range of many other little known species. Casual collect-
ing in Northern Georgia by the writer has brought to light in
this region a number of little known species of locusts and
crickets. By his discovery of Cyrtoxipha columbiana and
Orchelimum minor in Northern Georgia the known range of
these insects has been extended six or seven hundred miles
farther southward. Likewise, the writer’s records of Nemo-
bius ambitiosus in Northern Georgia extend the range of this
interesting cricket about 250 miles northward into the upper
piedmont belt.

Miogryllus saussurui, Scudd. The writer first met this crick-
et at Thompson’s Mills, Georgia, late in July 1910. It is a
ground-dwelling species, and keeps itself well concealed be-
neath the matted leaves and grass of gardens and orchards.
It is very irregular in its distribution at Thompson’s Mills and

156 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, ’11

appears to be more or less solitary in its habits. The writer
heard it most frequently in a peach orchard near the settle-
ment and also beneath the soil and leaves in a garden. Its
notes are very brief, high-pitched musical trills, tzeee-tzeee-
tzeee with brief intermissions. One individual delivered from
38 to 39 trills in a minute. This cricket may be heard in
stridulation very early in the morning and more or less
throughout the day and at night. It is rather difficult to locate
and capture one of these crickets by its notes, for these are
quickly silenced by one’s approach. It is usually found beneath
clods of earth, matted leaves, flat stones and boards. This
cricket is very lively, and if uncovered leaps about vigorously.
Its light brown coloration makes it very inconspicuous among
the similarly colored leaves and soil. This species does not
appear to be especially common at Thompson’s Mills. It is
first heard in midsummer.

Nemobius ambitiosus, Scudd. The writer first captured this
little cricket at Thompson’s Mills, Ga., early in April, 1910, al-
though he had heard its stridulations one or two years before in
the same locality. This pretty Nemobius is the first species to
appear at Thompson’s Mills and dwells among leaves in decidu-
ous woods. This cricket is especially common on a warm,
heavily wooded slope bordering a small brook just east of the
settlement. Its trill is very brief, high-pitched and_ shrill,
tiiiiilii-titiiii-tiiiiiiii-tiiiiiii. Late in July the writer also met
with small colonies of this cricket in other localities around
Thompson’s Mills. It is one of the commonest species of
Nemobius in this vicinity and begins to stridulate as soon as
spring opens in March and April. In April 1910 very cold
periods of weather with considerable sleet and snow complete-
ly silenced these hardy crickets. Notwithstanding this in-
clement weather these crickets were always in active stridula-
tion as soon as the days became warmer. Rehn and Hebard
have said of this Nemobius in Southern Georgia: “The sound
produced by the males is quite different from that of any
other species, but it would be indeed impossible to describe the
pitch which makes it so.”

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 157

The range of this Nemobius extends practically all over
Florida, since Rehn and Hebard report it from Leon County,
Orange County, Duval County, Volusia County, Hillsboro
County, Dade County, and other points.* In Georgia it has
been found by Hebard and Rehn at Thomasville, southern
Georgia, and by the writer at Thompson’s Mills, northern
Georgia, which is the second record of Nemobius ambitiosus
in this State.

A very common Nemobius around Washington, D. C., in
autumn is Nemobius janus Kirby. This Nemobius is usually
found in the grass and leaves of damp soils by the roadside and
in fields. In such situations, if flat rocks are present, numbers
of the males and females find shelter beneath these. The note
of Nemobius janus is a weak, low-pitched, prolonged trill, al-
most indistinguishable from the trill of Nemobius palustris of
New England, except possibly a little louder. Around Wash-
ington this cricket continues to trill until December, if the
weather is mild.

Gryllus pennsylvanicus var. abbreviatus Serville, also oc-
curs around Washington. Not infrequently it takes up its
quarters in the house, announcing its presence by its stridula-
tions, which are intermittent chirps, possibly louder than the
chirp of Gryllus pennsylvanicus.

Gryllodes sigillatus Walker. This cricket is exceedingly
common at times in the greenhouses of the U. S. Department
of Agriculture at Washington, D. C. This cricket is distribut-
ed throughout the tropical region of both the Eastern and
Western Hemispheres, but has been rather widely introduced
into colder regions where artificial tropical conditions are ap-
proximated, as in many greenhouses. This cricket is a very
persistent singer. Its stridulations are rather shrill, brief
chirps, so rapidly delivered as to produce an almost continuous
trill. The notes, though louder, recall the notes of a Nemo-
bius.

*See the following papers by Rehn and Hebard, both in Proceedings
of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. “The Orthoptera
of Thomas County, Georgia, and Leon County, Florida,” Vol. LVI,
1904. “Orthoptera of Northern Florida,” Vol. LIX, 1907.

158 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 11

Some Remarks on Kirby’s Synonymic Catalogue of
Orthoptera, Vol. III, with Additional
Notes on Vols. I and II.
By A. N. CAupDELL, of the Bureau of Entom., U. S. Dept.
Agric., Washington, D. C.

Having reviewed the first two volumes of this excellent
work, I now wish to present some critical notes on the third
volume. Most of the notes here made pertain to North Amer-
ican forms. Some miscellaneous notes on volumes I and II,
additional to my former review of those two volumes, are
appended.

P. 4.—Mr. Kirby has overelooked the fact that Phyllotettix
Hancock is a synonym of Choriphyllum Serville.” That this
is true, however, there can be no doubt and the species listed
under Phyllotettix by Kirby should be catalogued under
Zaphyllonotum Caudell while the genus Phyllotettix and its
equivalent Phyllonotus Hancock should be listed in synonymy
under Choriphyllum Serville.

P. 48.—Acrydium abbreviatus Morse is listed as a synonym
of hancocki. It is really a variety well worthy of aname. The
same is true of affinis Hancock and costatus Hancock, which
are varieties respectively of crassum Morse and arenosum
Burmeister. As a matter of fact but few varieties are listed
by Kirby other than as synonyms of the species of which they
are really varieties.

P. 50.—Telmatcttix burri Hancock is here catalogued as
a species of Hedotettix but the describer of the species has
shown it to be a synonym of Paratettix scaber.

P. 59—Here Mr. Kirby has entered a Tettigidea gracilis
Scudder. This seems to be an error as no such species appears
to have ever been described, no name gracilis, either new or
otherwise, appearing at the reference cited by Kirby. Thus

- Proc Ent Soc. Wash., vol. vii, p. 84-88 (1905) ; Can. Ent., vol. xl,

p. 287-292 (1907).
? Caudell, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. xi, p. 113 (1909).
* Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 410 (1909).

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 159

the name gracilis of Bruner is not shown to be preoccupied
and the name exigua, which is proposed by Kirby, p. 58, to
replace it, is unnecessary and falls into synonymy under the
name it was proposed to replace.

P. 87.—Ta-viarchus septentrionalis was described by Bruner,
not by Rehn as here listed.

P. 104.—The Tru-xalis angusticornis of Stal is a synonym
of Dichromorpha viridis. It is correctly listed on page 125.

P. 105.—Prof. Bruner’s paper in Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum,
Vol. XXX, p. 613-694 was published June 5, 1906, not in Feb-
ruary as quoted by Kirby. Thus Bruner’s H. lJamellipes should
be listed in synonymy under Hasinus Rehn, which was de-
scribed in May of the same year, giving it precedence by a
month over Bruner’s species.

P. 107.—The species enslavae and valida of Rehn are refer-
red to Syrbula without question by Rehn and Bruner.

P. 108.—The Pedioscirtetes pulchella of Bruner has been
referred to the genus Acrocara for the last twenty years.

P. 109.—Acrocara maculipennis is found in the United
States, having been recorded from Arizona by Rehn and Snow.
Specimens from that state are in the United States National
Museum.

P. 110.—The genus Gymnes of Scudder is a synonym of
Bootettix Bruner as first suggested by Bruner* and later de-
finitely established by Caudell.’

P. 112.—Eupedetes is a synonym of Eritettix and Eupedetes
carinatus Scudder is a synonym of Eritettix variabilis Bruner.’

P. 115.—The Stenobothrus subconspersa of Walker is very
likely a synonym of Amblytropidia occidentalis Saussure.

P. 118.—Oeonomus Scudder is a synonym of Napaia Mc-
Neill and Oeonomus altus is a synonym of Napaia gracilis
Bruner.’

P. 122.—Kirby omits Orphulella losamatensis Caudell, Proc.

*Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., vol. ii, p. 52 (1904).
* Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. xxxiv, p. 73 (1908).
*Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vol. lix, p. 331 (1907).
* Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., vol. ii, p. 90 (1904).

160 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, ’11

Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. XI, p. 113 (1909), a specific name pro-
posed to replace the walkeri of Bruner, 1906 which was shown
to be preoccupied by the O. walkeri of the same author pro-
posed in 1904. Mr. Kirby erroneously lists this later walkeri
under the date of 1904 and quotes it, together with the walkeri
of 1904, in synonymy under punctata DeGeer. The later de-
scribed walkeri, that of 1906, has nothing to do with the one
of 1904. It is a distinct species for which the name losam-
atensis will have to be used.

P. 125.—Dichromorpha brunnea Scudder is a color variety
of Dichromorpha viridis, not a distinct species as here listed.

P. 127.—Fenestra cannot be credited to Brunner as it was
used by him in an invalid manner, having no species connected
with it.” The first writer to validate this genus by referring
to it a valid species was Giglio-Tos’ who referred to it the
single new species bohlsii, which is therefore the type. The
genus Dichroatettix of Bruner, based upon the single species
viridifrons, is a synonym of Fenestra Giglio-Tos, its type
being synonymous with that of Fenestra as pointed out by
Rehn.”

Mr. Rehn was perfectly correct in replacing the genus
Fenestra as used by Bruner in tg00 by the new name Cocyto-
tettix and this genus should be used for the species listed by
Kirby under Fenestra; these are pulchripennis, intermedia, and
argentina of Bruner and linearis of Rehn.

P. 128.—Coloradella was established by Brunner in 1893 but
was invalid, having no included species. The next use of the
name was by Bruner” who questionably referred to it the
Stenobothrus brunneus of Thomas. This species, being a
questionably included one, cannot become a geno type accord-
ing to commonly accepted usages of nomenclature and thus

*Such genera are quite generally considered by entomologists as
nomina nuda. This is certainly the only satisfactory way of treating
such genera.

° Zool. Jahrb., vol. viii, p. 807 (1895).

*' Proc. Acad. Nat: Sci: Philad., p. 3r (1906):

™ Ann. Rept. Nebr. Board of Agric., 1896, p. 129 (1897).

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 161

the genus is yet invalid. Now Mr. Kirby uses the genus and
includes one species which he calls Coloradella brunnea Bruner,
giving as the original reference the place where Bruner ques-
tionably referred Thomas’ brunneus to the genus, apparently
considering that Bruner misidentified Thomas’ species. But
misidentifications should not be perpetuated as distinct names
and besides a misidentification on Bruner’s part is not evident.
Bruner never having described such a species there is no
Coloradella brunnea Bruner and therefore the generic name
Coloradella is still invalid.

P. 129.—Psoloessa buddiana, ferruginea and maculipennis
are synonyms of P. texana.”

P. 130.—Stirapleura mescalero. Rehn belongs to the genus
Psoloessa and as a synonym of terensis.”

P. 134.—Scyllina calida Bruner has been recorded from
Arizona.“

P. 135.—Ageneotettix arenosus Hancock is a synonym of
A. scudderi.*

P. 135—The genus Aulocara is, by nearly all essential char-
acters, Oedipodiian as shown by the writer some years ago.”

P. 159.—Gomphocerus clepsydra and carpenteri are syno-
nyms of clavatus.

P. 166.—Staurorhectus glaucipes Rehn has been removed
to the genus Amblyscapheus and A. lineatus Bruner falls into
synonymy under this species, glaucipes being the older by a
month,”

P. 172—The Stetheophyma doranu of Goading has long
since been sunk in synonymy under Chortophaga viridifasciata
DeGeer.

*Rehn & Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 381 (1908) ; id,
Pp. 144 (1909).

*Rehn & Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 145, foot-note
(1909).

“Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad., p. 34, 71 (1907).

* Hart, Bull. Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist., vol. vii, p. 259 (1907).

** Caudell, Can. Ent., vol. xxxv, p. 302 (1903).

*Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 167 (1907).

162 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ April, ne

P. 188.—Chorthippus coloradensis McNeill is a synonym of
C. curtipennis Harris.”

P. 188.—Stenobothrus occipitalis Thomas has long been
referred to the genus Cordillacris (Alpha). It is correctly
entered on p. 116.

P. 188.—Stenobothrus olivaceus Morse has long been re-
referred to the genus Cordillacris (=Alpha). It is correctly
p. II9.

P. 195.—Records of Arphia fallax from Florida are probably
mistakes, the locality intended probably being Mexico.

P. 196.—Arphia teporata is a synonym of A. arcta.

P. 198.—Arphia hesperiphila Rehn is a Lactista and a syn-
onym of Lactista gibbosa Saussure.* It is correctly entered
on p. 236.

P. 198.—The Oecdipoda differentiale here listed is only a
reference under this name by Riley to the common Melanoplus
differentialis.

P. 204.—Hippiscus sierra Rehn belongs to the genus
Xanthippus if that genus is to be used. In the writer’s opin-
ion the characters used for the differentiation of Sticthippus
Cratypedes, Xanthippus and Pardolophora, while useful in
separating species, are not of generic value. The retention of
these groups as subgenera is not to be encouraged as the ten-
dency is, at least in Orthoptera, to either suppress subgenera
or raise them to generic rank.

P. 205.—The generic name Cratypedes was first put into
print by Scudder” but was used in an invalid manner, having
included only an undescribed species. The next writer to use
the name was Thomas” who validated it by describing under it
a new species, C. putnami. Thus the genus is creditable to
Thomas but it is a synonym of Xanthippus Saussure and both
of these genera, in the reviewer’s opinion as stated above,
should be sunk under Hippiscus Saussure.

*Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., vol. ii, p. 92 (1004).
* Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., vol. ii, p. 168 (1905).
~ Bull U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 11, p. 267. (1870)-
* Proc. Davenp. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. i, p. 257 (1876).

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 163

P. 216.—The type of Chloebora Saussure is given as species
No. 6 while but four species are listed, a good illustration of
this unsatisfactory method of type citation. Ch. grossa may
be taken as the type of Chloebora.

P. 234.—The Oedipoda belfragii of Stal is best sunk defi-
nitely in synonymy under Spharagemon aequale as has been
done questionably for over a decade. Likewise the Dissosteira
texensis of Saussure is best disposed of definitely in synonymy
under Spharagemon aequale as Morse did questionably in
1895." Bruner™ quotes this species as a probable synonym of
Spharagemon cristatum, but the original diagnosis does not
seem to justify this, the relationship being more clearly with
aequale.

P. 236.—Mr. Kirby has here, species No. 3, confused two
distinct species. The species described by Bruner in 1889 as
Oedipoda (?) occidentalis is a species of Circotettir while the
Scirtettica occidentalis of the same author described four years
later is a quite different species and is a true Scirtettica.

P. 238.—Lactista boscanus Rehn is a synonym of Tomonotus
aztecus as shown by Bruner™ and admitted by Rehn.”

P. 244.—Derotmema lentiginosum Scudder belongs to the
genus Trimerotropis and is a synonym of T. gracilis.”

P. 249.—Oedipoda kiowa Thomas belongs to the genus
Trachyrhachys, not to Trepidulpus as here listed. The same
is true of Mestobregma pulchella Bruner.

P. 251.—Psinidia amplicornis Caudell is a true Psinidia.

Conozoa melleola Scudder is a species of Trepidulus.

Agonozoa McNeill, as shown by Rehn™ is a synonym of
Trimerotropis s.s. Trimerotropis texana Bruner may be con-
sidered as the type of Agonozoa.

P. 255.—Pseudotrimerotropis Rehn, of which Trimerotropts

* Psyche, vol. vii, p. 293 (1895).

* Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., vol. vii, p. 166 (1905).

* Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., vol. ii, p. 169 (1905).

* Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., p. 149 (1909).

* Caudell, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. xi, p. 113 (1909).
*Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. xxvii, p. 334 (1901).

164 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, ’11

vinculata Scudder may be taken as type, is based upon char-
acters which are not, in the reviewer’s opinion, of generic im-
portance and the genus should be sunk in synonymy under
Trimerotropis.*

P. 263.—Hadrotettix mundus Scudder belongs to the genus
Trimerotropis.”

Hadrotettix gracilis Bruner was a nomen nudum until it
was validated by Bruner in 1897. It is now referred to the
genus Trimerotropis where it is preoccupied and is replaced by
Trimerotropis bruneri McNeill, a name proposed for that pur-
pose.

P. 278.—The Oedipoda venusta of Stal has long been located
in the genus Spharagemon. It is a common Pacific coast spe-
cles.

P. 341.—Here is another example of the ill working of type
citation by number, the type of Charilaus Stal being given as
No. 4, while but three species are catalogued. C. carinatus
Stal is the type species.

P. 369.—The use of the emended form Rhomalea instead
of Romalea as originally spelled is not in accordance with the
laws bearing upon such matters.

P. 370.—The Romalea gloveri here introduced is but a color
variety of Romalea microptera.

P. 370.—The locality California under Litoscirtus insularis
should be Lower California.

P. 434.—Ommatolampis brevipennis Thomas is a species of
Hesperotettix. It is correctly entered on p. 490.

P. 461.—Acridium ambigua Thomas is a synonym of Schis-
tocerca americana Drury.

P. 462.—Acridium frontalis Thomas is a synonym of Hes-
perotettix speciosus Scudder. It is correctly entered on p. 500.

[* The name Pseudotrimerotropis was proposed to replace the re-
stricted Trimerotropis of McNeill, true Trimerotropis being equal to
his Agonozoa. The author of the name has never considered it of more
than subgeneric rank. (J. A. G. R.)]

* Caudell, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. xi, p. 112 (1909).

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 165

P. 462.—Acridium milberti Serville has long been placed in
synonymy under Melanoplus femoratus Burmeister.

P. 468.—Sauracris locusta is a misspelling for S. lacerta.

P. 493.—The Pezotettix humphreysii of Thomas is a species
of Melanoplus.

P. 500.—The type of Aeoloplus Scudder is, by original
designation, Caloptenus regalis Dodge,* not Caloptenus turn-
bulli Thomas as here stated.

P. 507.—Scudder’s Revision of the Melanopli in Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., vol. xx, quoted by Kirby under the various
genera of this group as 1808 was really published December
28, 1897, as stated in the list of papers in the completed and
bound volume of that publication.

P. 507.—The species bruneri Caudell here listed in the genus
Asemoplus is catalogued wrongly, its proper position being in
the genus Acoloplus.

P. 542.—Pezotettix flavoannulatum LaMunyon is a synonym
of Dactylotum pictum Thomas. Dactylotum picturatum
Bruner is to be used for the purpose for which it was erected,
that is to replace the preoccupied pictum of Gerstaecker.
Dactylotum longipenne Townsend is a Poecilotettix and a
synonym of P. sanguineus Scudder and replaces that name,
being the older and properly established. The synonymy of
these species was first indicated by Bruner,” but he used Scud-
der’s name, wrongly considering longipennis as a MSS name.

Additional notes on Vol. I.

.The genus Photina is duplicated, appearing on p. 257 and
again on p. 273. The first reference should be eliminated.

The types of Hestiasula Saussure, Harpagomantis Kirby
and Menexenus Stal, like all the genera in this catalogue, are
indicated by number and, as so often the case, the number
quoted as that of the type species is greater than the number
of species included. Error is evident.

” Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., vol. ii, p. 329 (1908).

[* This should be Aeoloplus regalis Scudder, not Caloptenus regalis
Dodge, which Bruner has shown to be a Melanoplus. The regalis of
Scudder has been renamed bruneri by Caudell. (J. A. G R.)]

166 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ April, ’11

Additional notes on Vol. II.

The genus Ephippigera of Serville seems properly establish-
ed and should be used in place of Ephippigerida Buysson.
Ephppigera was first proposed by Latreille in 1825 but lacked
validity, having no species included in it. Serville validated
the name in 1831 by including under it several valid species.

Orocharis terebrans Saussure & Zehntner” was omitted
from the catalogue.

The genus Platyxyphus of Walker is properly established,
being the raising of Haan’s species platyxyphus to generic
rank. The genus is valid, in spite of Walker’s apparent hazi-
ness regarding the matter, and the type is Gryllus platyxyphus
Haan. This genus antedates and replaces the genus Ptero-
plistes of Brunner and the three species listed under that genus
should be catalogued under Platyxyphus, and Pteroplistes
sunk in synonymy under that genus.

Pseudonemobius Saussure, p. 13 of Kirby, should be used
in place of Paranemobius as this last name is an error and is
corrected in the list of errors in the back of the work in which
it is made. Besides the name Paranemobius is a nomen
nudum, occurring only in a table of genera and without cita-
tion of described species. Paranemobius was, however, giv-
en standing by Bolivar in 1900 and thus preoccupies the Para-
nemobius of Alfken described in 1901. Kirby has replaced
Alfken’s genus by Caconemobius.

Gryllus lineaticeps Walker, 1869, is preoccupied by Gryllus
lineaticeps Stal, 1858. Walker’s type is apparently lost as it
is not marked as present in the British Museum. A new name
for it is needed if it is to remain in our lists as a valid species,
but, owing to its doubtful status, I think it best to consider it
eligible for listing only as an unrecognizable species.

Pterolepis caucasica Fischer is listed on p. 180 under the
genus Paradrymadusa and on p. 199 under the genus Pholi-
doptera. The former is the proper disposition.

The genus Thliboscelus of Serville was established with a
single included species, the Locusta camellifolia of Fabricius.

*® Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., vol. i. p. 277 (1897)

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 167

That species is therefore the type of the genus. That Serville
misidentified Fabricius’ species does not alter this fact ac-
cording to sound nomenclatural reasoning. Thus Thliboscelus
falls as a synonym of Pterophylla Kirby & Spence, both gen-
era being based upon the same species. The Brazilian insect
wrongly considered as the camellifolia by Serville without a
name as a mere identification is not to be perpetuated as a
distinct species, though Kirby, p. 345, has followed Brunner,
Monogr. Pseudoph., p. 148, in doing so in this case. I pro-
pose the specific name brasiliensis for this insect and refer
both it and the Cyrtophyllus crepitans of Redtenbacher to the
genus Pterophylla, considering neither generically distinct
from the other members of that genus.

The Male of the Black Scale (Saissetia oleae Bern.)
(Hemip.).
By H. J. Quay e, Berkeley, Cal.

While the black scale (Satssetia oleae Bern.) is very widely
distributed over the world, little has been known and practi-
cally nothing published about the male. It was first described
by Dr. B. W. Griffith, of Los Angeles, in 1893. It was then
said to be limited to a small area in the vicinity of Los An-
geles, California. During the past year or two we have taken
it at various places in the citrus belt from Santa Barbara to
San Diego. It seemed to be especially abundant during the
season of 1909. In places where it occurred that year, it
was not nearly so abundant in the previous year or the year
following. As many as ninety-seven puparia, from all of
which males had emerged, have been seen on a single orange
leaf. The males have been taken from the leaves of orange,
oleander, pepper and olive. They emerged during the months
of June, July, August, September, October, November, Decem-
ber, January and possibly other months, though not yet obsery-
ed.

The Second Stage Male. Up to the time of the first moult
there is no difference between the sexes. After the first moult

168 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, ’11

the male becomes decidedly more elongate, resembling more
nearly a partly grown soft brown scale. Its length is 1.5 mm.
and width .64. It is of a light brown color with the eyes visi-
ble in the latter part of the stage as small dark areas on the
front margin. The anal plates together form a triangle with
rounded corners, and from the tip of each of these there arises
three or four small spines, and one large one on the central
dorsal surface.

The length of time spent in this stage is about four weeks.
During this time it is feeding and grows to about five times
the length of the just-hatched larva. At the end of the stage
a puparium is formed which completely covers the insect, al-
though it is transparent and not so readily discernible.

The Male Puparium. This puparium is a glassy like covering that is
formed from the secretion of numerous pores over the body surface
of the insect. Its length is 1.5 mm. and width .5 mm. The surface is
slightly roughened with a row of granular projections along the dorsal
line. Two lines beginning at the anterior end converge upward for a
short distance and then run more nearly parallel, with but a slight con-
vergence toward the posterior end. Within this the surface is more
convex, forming a ridge along the dorsal line. Not quite 4% of the
distance from the anterior end and at a point where the lines begin to
run parallel, is a cross line or carina. Another lateral carina crosses
this dorsal strip, or coronet, at 1% the distance from the posterior end.
Immediately posterior to this cross line are two spiracular channels
extending to either margin. The other two spiracular channels, ex-
tending from the coronet to either side, are just before the middle line.
There is a triangular opening for the anal plates and a cleft from this
to the posterior end. Along the margin is a series of circular areas
from which secretions extend to the surface of the leaf thus holding
the puparium in place. When a puparium was removed 3 or 4 weeks
after the male had emerged, these connecting threads were still capable
of being stretched considerably as was observed upon lifting the pu-
parium.

These are found usually on the under side of the leaves of
the orange, pepper, olive and oleander, chiefly, since these con-

stitute the principal foot plants of the scale. When the in-
sect is still beneath it can be detected through this transparent

covering. If it has not yet transformed to the propupa it oc-
cupies the entire space beneath extending well out to the mar-

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 169

gins, but in the case of the later stages the insect beneath 1s
somewhat narrower. These puparia may remain on the leaves
for months after the scale has emerged.

The second stage male is capable of moving up to the time
the puparium is secreted, which is the preliminary step in the
change to the propupa. But it is only rarely that any move-
ment occurs in this stage and hence the males are nearly al-
ways found on the leaves where the young first settle.

The Propupa. Length 1.4 mm., greatest width .4 mm. Color light
brown with red pigment scattered about particularly at posterior end;
head reddish; eyes dark red or brown. Sheath of style short and blunt.
on either side of the style are two more slender and pointed appendages,
the cerci extending beyond the style. At the tip are a few short hairs
or spines. The sheaths of the antennae and legs are scarcely visible on
the dorsal surface, excepting a broadening, where these lie on the ven-
tral margin. On the ventral side these are plainly visible and lie in
close contact with the body.

The length of the propupal period is from 5 to 8 days during the
warmer weather.

The Pupa. Length 1.2 mm., width .4 mm., general color, same as that
of propupa excepting that there is a larger amount of pigment at the
anterior end. The head is entirely red. A marked constriction forms
the neck, making the head appear as arrow-shaped. Eyes black. The
wing pads are conspicuous and extend to 3rd abdominal segment. The
style has increased in length so that it is slightly longer than the cerci
on either side. The antennae, legs and wing pads, while naturally ly-
ing close to the body, are distinct and readily separated from it.

Eight to twelve days are spent in the true pupal stage when
it changes to the adult. In all the moults after the second
stage the skin is split at the anterior end and pushed back be-
yond the puparium.

The Adult Male—rThe fully developed male remains from
one to three days beneath the puparium before emerging. The
adult stage can be determined without the removal of the pu-
parium by the appearance of the long white caudal filaments
which project out beyond the tip of the puparium. The life
of the adult male is from one to four days. The following
description of the male is copied from the notes of Prof. R.
W. Doane, who worked with the writer during the summer of
IIo.

170 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, ’11

Length exclusive of style I mm.; style .4 mm.; caudal filament .8 mm.;
antennae .5 mm.; wing I mm. long, .5 mm. wide; honey yellow; head
darker yellow; anterior pair of upper eyes dark red, posterior pair
black, smaller; ventral pair black equal in size to the upper anterior
pair. Antennae whitish, 1o-jointed, first joint short, thick cylindrical;
second joint about equal to first but oval; third joint about as long as
second but much more slender, slightly swollen toward the tip; re-
maining joints all slender, cylindrical, fourth as long as fifth and sixth
together; others sub-equal in length, collar long, cylindrical; prothorax
broad shield shaped; mesothorax more strongly chitinized and wholly
brown except a yellow shield-shaped area above, between the bases of
the wings; metathorax with a slight brownish tinge, legs brownish yel-
low; style yellow; caudal filaments white, slender, tapering, twice as
long as style; wings hyaline with a yellowish tinge, with a microscopic
close-set pubescence.

The above description is given in detail because the original
description given by Dr. Griffith is incomplete. The only fig-
ures of the male that have appeared from original specimens
are given by Marlatt in the U. S. D. A. year book for 1goo.
“Tn the figure of the adult there given the black bands are not
properly placed. Both are too far forward, the first is not
broad enough, the second too broad, and the yellowish spot be-
tween the wings does not reach to the base of the wings.”—
DOANE.

When the males emerge the females that hatched at the same
time have completed their second moult and the letter H is
evident. Summarizing the length of the life cycle of the male
it will be during the summer months as follows: First stage,
114 months; second stage, I month, propupa 8 days, pupa Io
days, adult 3 days. Total, 96 days, or about 3 months.

The “Crop” of Lepidopters of 1910.
By R. R. Rowtey, Louisiana, Missouri.

The early part of the summer of 1910 was anything but en-
couraging to the collector of lepidopterous insects, barring the
greater silk moths. There were no butterflies on the wing and
no larvae on the food plants. True, the first sunny days of
spring had warmed the chrysalids of ajax and turnus and a

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 171

few swallow tails were in the air and the papaws in full leaf
but, alas, the frosts, sleets and snows of the latter half of April
stripped the trees of their foliage and froze the larval life al-
most to extinction.

There was some compensation for these losses in the rather
abundant appearance of cecropia, luna and polyphemus, but,
all in all, the prospect was gloomy. Everything had to begin
over again after April 25th; the trees to releaf and the hardier
larvae to struggle through a starvation period, but the fruit
was gone. We measure everything by the crop of fruit out
here. Common as ajax usually is here all through the sum-
mer and as plentiful its eggs and larvae, there was a dearth
of its every life stage till August. The even more plentiful
andria was scarce throughout the entire season.

Not till July was there anything at the electric lights. Then
the hawks began to come. The freeze that killed the earlier
larval life also killed many of their enemies, for the later
broods of caterpillars appeared in unusual numbers and fairly
healthy, except the Sphinx larvae.

In August and September larvae were to be found every-
where. Luna and regalis on all their food plants, imperialis
even more plentiful still, for all the shade trees yielded them
and the sassafrases. Cecropia was not so much in evidence,
but polyphemus was abundant. Then, too, in August and
throughout September the great Papilios hovered over their
food plants or settled in great bunches about the wet, sandy
pool margins or the muddy roadside. From one small butter-
nut tree, scarcely eight inches in diameter, thirteen larvae of
C. regalis were taken, eight of them well grown, three on a
small persimmon tree and others on sumach.

It was on an east hillside in an old abandoned field where
the three of us, Harold Davenport, Virgil Smith and the au-
thor, spent a Saturday in September and came back laden with
spoils. It was the 24th and a splendid day, and we had de-
cided to make a picnic of it, but we forgot the lunch till it
was time to quit the woods. The persimmon trees, the sassa-

172 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 711

fras bushes and the sumach, the hickories and the buck bushes
were too alluring. We filled all our cans, boxes and paper
bags with larvae. The hickories gave us luna, juglandis and
excaecatus; the persimmons, regalis and luna, and the sassa-
fras, imperialis, troilus and crispata. The buck bushes were
alive with the larvae of diffinis.

The yield was four “hickory horned devils,” four gigantic
imperialis, eighteen lunae, two juglandis, one excaecatus, thirty
troilus, fifty diffinis, five Lagoa crispata, and numbers of other
“worms.”

Elated with our success we spent the next day in the woods,
but our selection of locality was unfortunate and we did
poorly. We still found the larvae of troilus, diffinis and luna
abundant, but the larger caterpillars were nearly wanting. We
took two imperialis and eight juglandis, but we wandered over
much territory. We were not herpetologizing, but we killed
two gigantic copperheads on the hillside and the next day an
equally gigantic spreadhead.

Throughout the days of late August we collected regalis
larvae, and all through September, even to the roth of Octo-
ber, we gathered up imperialis “worms.”

Of the hawk moths the most abundant were modesta,
diffinis, excaecatus and geminatus. Hylaeus was not so abund-
ant as usual, pandorus and myron larvae badly parasitized. At
light, drupiferarum, carolina, celeus, pandorus and one myops,
a rare moth here. Out of twelve eggs and twenty larvae of
Cressomia juglandis collected during the summer, three moths
and three chrysalids were obtained.

These larvae suffer terribly from the microgasters, and it is
no wonder the species is so rare. Even in the absence of para-
sites, the larvae of juglandis seem delicate, for the author col-
lected a number of fertile ova and freshly hatched caterpil-
lars in early August, and every “worm” of them died before
the third moult.

Of the few geminatus larvae picked up in September, all,
save two, “broke out with parasitic cocoons” and the two later
died, one even after pupation.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 173

One day while hunting regal larvae the writer, much to his
great delight, found two caterpillars of Sphinx kalmiae feed-
ing in a low ash bush. One of them was attempting to cast
his skin in the last moult but he was too weak and died. The
other was later riddled by microgaster larvae.

A few larvae each of Daremma undulosa and Ceratomia am-
yntor succumbed to their internal enemies. It seems such a
shame that the great caterpillars of our most beautiful moths
should suffer so from foes so insignificant. This law of bal-
ance in nature probably means much to life in general and cer-
tainly to the vegetable world, but it is hard to convince the
collector of larvae that his losses are payments to nature of
any apparent indebtedness. That the delight which one experi-
ences on finding some treasure of a larva should be turned to
bitter disappointment in the claiming of this same treasure by
some parasitic enemy is not much calculated to win an ardent
admirer of this same so-called eternal fitness of things.

The author brought to pupation a fine colony of Sphinx
eremitus larvae from eggs collected by Miss Lulu Berry, of
Vinton, Iowa, feeding them through on common peppermint,
although the eggs were found on the leaves of bugle weed.
There was practically no loss in these larvae.

From eggs furnished by the same collector and found on
the leaves of Enchanter’s nightshade, the writer fed the larvae
of Amphion nessus on wild grape and secured seven pupae.

A full grown larva of Smerinthus excaecatus was picked up
under a maple tree on November 3d, after a number of frosts
and several severe freezes. It fed on the yellowed leaves of
soft maple, poplar and apple till November 29th, when it
ceased eating and died. Of course, it was kept in a jar in the
house by a fire.

The disappointment in the searches for Papilio larvae in the
early part of summer was more than balanced by the abund-
ant finds in August and September.

Harold Davenport handled more than two hundred eggs
and larvae of ajax and obtained a goodly number of chrysalids

174 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, 11

while Virgil Smith, Verner Pinkerton and the author collected
a goodly number of cresphontes larvae.

Larvae of turnus were found on hop tree, prickly ash, plum,
apple and ash, but not plentifully. No searches were made for
asterias though the imagoes were not rare. As usual, from
the scarcity of its food plant, philenor, even in the winged state
was very scarce.

While feeding three larvae of regalis in a roomy breeding

cage and with an overabundance of fresh leaves, the smallest
caterpillar mysteriously disappeared nor could any trace of it
be found. The cage was close and no possible show of escape,
so the only conclusion as to its fate was that the larger two
worms devoured it. Repeatedly has the author lost Catocala
larvae in the same mysterious manner and Mr. Davenport re-
‘ported similar losses among well grown larvae of several
genera and species. Why caterpillars with an abundance of
food should resort to cannibalism is inconceivable, and yet
there is no other way to explain the disappearance of some of
our “worms.”

From over one hundred pupae of the first brood of Tripto-
gon modesta (Rothschild and Jordan call this Pachysphinx
modesta) quite seventy produced imagoes with crippled wings,
although all chrysalids were on damp earth and strips of cloth
hung down the sides of the cages. The freshly hatched
imagoes all climbed up the cloth and yet with everything in
their favor, they failed to mature. Thinking the trouble was
caused by keeping the pupae together in the cages, they were
separated so that one would emerge in a can or jar per night
and still there was little improvement in the quality of the
moths.

It is true there was a slight increase in the number of per-
fect moths after the separation of the chrysalids, but the trouble
was not obviated. As a matter of fact there were a few more
deformed females than males. Out of ten moths that emerged
together, one night, there were but two perfect specimens. It
is possible that this is another means that nature takes to check
overproduction.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 275

Out of two lots of eggs of the second brood of modesta
(nearly two hundred eggs in all) but three chrysalids were se-
cured, the larvae dying before the third moult. However, one
lot of these eggs was from a female that mated with a male
from the same parents.

Of the first brood, mentioned above, about a fifth failed to
give imagoes with the rest and are holding over till next spring.
Three imagoes that appeared fully a month after the rest, were
very pale in color, while the first moth that emerged had an
unusually red hind wing, in fact the wing was red all over.

From a half drowned female Smerinthus excaecatus found
floating on a tub of water after an all night’s rain, one hun-
dred and five eggs were obtained and from the larvae fed on
apple, about fifty chrysalids secured. The losses were largely
when the larvae were small. This is one of the hatches of
larvae where cannibalism was apparent.

By far the most interesting larvae of the summer’s work
were the Sphinx eremitus “worms,” so hardy and so grotesque
with their dorsal hump and the black dorsal spot.

It is often asked if Catocala moths ever come to light like
most other moths. It is generally denied that they do and yet
twice this summer in early July the writer saw a Catocala on
an electric light pole in the full glare of the light but too high
to be reached. It is almost certain that the species was ilia.

Now that the summer is gone and the trees are stripped of
their leaves, cocoon hunting is no mean sport but probably
more interesting still is the search for Catocala eggs. A few
boxes and a small chisel are the necessary paraphernalia and
the loose outer bark and the cracks in the bark of hickory, wal-
nut, white and bur oak, honey locust, willow, maple, plum and
crab, are carefully searched for the small ova.

In our searches for cocoons on the shade maples we had to
use long fishing poles with end hooks, and the fall on the peb-
bles of some of the polypheni proved disastrous. Little or
no trouble was experienced in collecting the prometheae as
most of them were found dangling from the twigs of low

176 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ April, 11

sassafras and persimmon bushes. Frank Caldwell reported
eight cocoons of promethea from one sassafras, while the au-
thor took seven from a small bush. The remarkable likeness
among the cocoons of promethea, cynthia and the gigantic atlas
is rather surprising inasmuch as all three belong to different
genera. The caterpillar of each of these moths spins an elon-
gate cocoon inside a single leaf securely fastened to the twig or
compound leaf stalk by silk and left to dangle in the breeze.

One polyphemus cocoon was found on a sassafras bush and
one on willow, but the latter just under a small birch tree which
yielded another. The author in the course of three or four
hours collected ninety-nine promethea cocoons from sassafras
bushes along a small stream valley that had its source in a cul-
tivated field. Down where the stream flowed through a pas-
ture not one cocoon was found, although there was an abund-
ance of the food plants. Near towns cocoons of this moth are
always rare here in Missouri, and the author has the first one
yet to find in the city limits of Louisiana, although he has of-
ten searched for them on persimmon trees. Still, a number of
years ago, he found them not uncommon on the shade per-
simmons inside the city limits of Fort Smith, Arkansas.

This year cecropia cocoons seem scarce and most of our
finds have been on soft maple and willow, Lowell Pinkerton
securing the greatest number.

While most of our large moths are more or less general
feeders in the caterpillar stage, we expect to find them more
abundant on special plants, promethea on sassafras, cecropia
on plum, polyphemus on maple, luna on walnut, imperialis on
maple and regalis on walnut, and yet all of these except poly-
phemus and imperialis may be found on persimmon. The au-
thor has even found the larva of cecropia feeding on fever
wort, and once fed one through on walnut, securing therefrom
the darkest moth he ever bred. The larva of to will feed on
almost any leguminous plant, having been found on garden
bean vines. It does well on Amorpha.

I am again under obligations to Miss Margaret Haley for
the careful typing of this article.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

[The Conductors of ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS solicit and will thank-
fully receive items of news likely to interest its readers from any source.
The author’s name will be given in each case, for the information of
cataloguers and bibliographers.]

TO CONTRIBUTORS.—AII contributions will be considered and passed
upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published
according to date of reception. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached
a circulation, both in numbers and circumference, as to make it neces-
sary to put “‘copy’’ into the hands of the printer, for each number, four
weeks before date of issue. This should be remembered in sending special
or important matter for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘extras,’’ without
change in form and without covers, will be given free, when they are
wanted; if more than twenty-five copies are desired, this should be stated
on the MS. The receipt of all papers will be acknowledged. Proof will
be sent to authors for correction only when specially requested.—Ed.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., APRIL, IQII.

ine. PERIODICAL CICADA. IN 191.

Circular No. 132 of the Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept.
of Agriculture, by Mr. C. L. Marlatt, Assistant Chief of the
Bureau, dated February 13, 1911, calls attention to the Period-
ical Cicada of the present year. Two important broods of
this insect, misnamed “locust,” will appear. “One of these
belongs to the 17-year race and extends from New York south-
ward into North Carolina, in general lying east of the Alle-
gheny Mountains.” Technically it is known as Brood II and,
although occurring in part of the same territory, must not be
confused with the great brood—X— of the years 1902 and
1919. Brood II seems not to have appeared in any locality in
sufficient abundance to receive a star (*) in Mr. Marlatt’s
records,+ the device employed to indicate places (counties)
where “the cicada occurred in one or more dense swarms.”
Observations made by Mr. H. H. Brehme, in Cape May County,
New Jersey, in November, 1910, and published in the News
for March, 1911, page 142, hold out the possibility of such a
dense swarm next summer.

The other brood due in 1911 is XXIII “of the southern, or
13-year race, and covers the lower half of the Mississippi Val-

+See especially Bulletin No. 71 of the Bureau, 1907.
177

178 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, ’11

ley....this is one of the largest of the 13-year broods, divid-
ing this honor with Brood XIX” of 1907 and 1920.

On account of the overlapping of broods of the 17-year and
13-year races in different parts of the country, some uncer-
tainty exists as to whether certain records of previous years
are properly credited to the two broods due this year. Mr.
Marlatt therefore calls especially for observers in North and
South Carolina, in northern Missouri, southern Illinois and
Indiana to note particularly the occurrence or non-occurrence
of this insect this year. Records and specimens should be
forwarded to the Bureau at Washington or to competent local
entomologists and then published.

As to the protection of nurseries and young orchards from
the cicadas, the most reliable means “is by collecting the in-
sects in bags or umbrellas from the trees in early morning or
late evening, when they are somewhat torpid. Such collec-
tions should be undertaken at the first appearance of the cicada
and repeated each day.” It would seem possible to use poul-
try to a large extent to destroy the insects on their emergence
from the soil.

Note.—‘1908” in line 13, page 4, of this Circular is an evident error
for “1808.”

Notes and News.

ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS
OF THE GLOBE.

Messrs. R. E. Snodgrass (whose excellent monograph on the
Anatomy of the Honey Bee appeared in Technical Series No. 18 of
the Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, of last May)
and B. N. Gates have resigned their positions with the Bureau.

LISTRONOTUS BAGOIFORMIS Champ. in Utah—Amongst some Curculion-
ide sent me some ago by Mr. H. F. Wickham I have found a specimen
of this species from Provo, Utah. It was described and figured by me
in the “Biologia” (Col. iv, 4, p. 120, pl. 8, fig. 1), in December, 1902,
and has perhaps not yet been recorded from north of the Mexican
frontier. The types were found near the City of Mexico. The insect
is closely related to L. latiusculus, Boh—G. C. Cuampron, Horsell,
Woking, England. January, Iori.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 179

-THE woRK announced for the Lake Laboratory of the Ohio State
University for the coming Summer includes a course in Entomology
and the opportunity to carry on research work in problems upon insect
life. The entomological work will be in charge of Professor Osborn,
Invertebrate Zoology under Professor Brookover and Ecology under
Professor Jennings, all including matter which is of distinct interest
to entomologists. The session opens June 19, and additional informa-
tion as to particular courses or the general announcement may be ob-
tained upon application to the Director—Herrsert Oszorn, Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio.

A THREE-VOLUME FEstscHriFt to Professor Richard Hertwig, of the
University of Munich, in commemoratiom of his sixtieth birthday (Sept.
23, 1910) has appeared (Fischer, Jena). Of entomological interest
among its contents are: Minchin, E. A. On some parasites observed
in the rat flea (Ceratophyllus fasciatus). Schtschelkanowzew, J. P.
Der Bau der mannlichen Geschlechtsorgane von Chelifer und Chernes.
Zur Kenntniss der Chelonethi im System. Sasaki, C. Life History of
Schlechtendalia chinensis Jacob Bell (a _ gall-producing insect).
Schwangart Ueber die Traubenwickler (\Conchylis ambiguella Hubn,
und Polychrosis botrana Schiff) und ihre Bekampfung, mit Beriick-
sichtigung nattrlicher Bekampfungsfaktoren.

UNDER THE WILL of the late Baron Edmond de Selys Longchamps,
his sons have been publishing a Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif
des Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps in
quarto form with colored plates and half-tone text figures. The fol-
lowing entomological parts have appeared: Fascicules VI. Trichop-
tera, pts. 1 and 2, G. Ulmer (Hamburg) ;. XVII Cordulines and XVIII-
XX Aeschnines, R. Martin (Paris); V, Ist part, Megaloptera and
VIII Ascalaphidae, H. W. van der Weele (The Hague); IX-XI Li-
bellulines, F. Ris (Rheinau). In manuscript ready for printing are
‘Fascicules II Orthoptera, M. Burr (Eastry, Kent); III Psocidae, G.
‘Enderlein (Stettin), and Termitidae, J. Desneaux (Brussels); XII-
XVI Libellulines, F. Ris; XXIV-XXV Calopterygines, R. Martin. In
preparation are Fascicules IV Ephemeridae and Perlidae, F. Klapalek
(Prague) ; V, pts. 2 and 3 Mecoptera, Planipennia and VII Myrmeleon-
idae, H. W. van der Weele; XXVI. pt. 1, Agrionines, F. Férster (Bret
ten, Baden). Each group is treated monographically and its considera-
tion is not limited, in most cases, to the material in the Selys collec-
tions.

The elder son of Baron Edmond de Selys, Baron M. F. Raphael de
Selys Longchamps, died at the family chateau of Longchamps at
Waremme, Belgium, January 11, r9rt, in his seventieth year.

180 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, ’11

VoLUME 22 of the.Journal of Morphology (Wistar Institute of
Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia), originally intended as a testi-
monial by former students and colleagues to the founder of the
Journal, Professor Charles Otis Whitman, will, in consequence of his
untimely death, become a Memorial Volume to him. The following
entomological papers are announced as to be among its contents:
Moenkhaus, W. J. The influence of inbreeding and selection on the
fertility and sex ratio in Drosophila. Montgomery, T. H. The
spermatogenesis of the Hemipteron Euschistus. Morgan, T. H. Fur-
ther studies of ovogenesis and spermatogenesis in Phylloxerans and
Aphids. Wheeler, W. M. The ant colony as an organism. Wilson,
E. B. A review of the chromosomes of Nezara with some more
general considerations.

ProFessor J. M. AtpricH, Moscow, Idaho, has received a grant from
the Elizabeth Thompson Fund “to investigate the fauna of the waters
and shores of western salt and alkaline lakes,’ and will spend a por-
tion of next summer in a field trip, commencing his studies at Great
Salt Lake and extending them westward at least as far as Mono Lake,
Cal. The investigation will include all orders of insects as far as they
exhibit adaptation to a salt or alkaline environment; the problems of
greatest interest, perhaps, are those pertaining to several partially-known
species of Ephydra, the larvae of which breed in salt and alkaline lakes.
Professor Aldrich plans to visit all the lakes from which material of
this kind has been reported, four or five in number, and any other lakes
of like character along his route. He will be glad to receive sug-
gestions from any entomologists who have made observations on the
subject in view, or who may wish to have attention given to any col-
lateral entomological problem in the interesting field to be visited.

CATOCALA BEUTENMULLERI AND C. WERNERI.—At the meeting of the
Newark Entomological Society of Oct. oth, 1910, as recorded in the
Ent. News, March, tort, p. 140, Mr. Beutenmiiller is credited with the
statement that Catocala beutenmiilleri B. & McD. is the male of C.
warneri Poling. I presume the species Mr. Beutenmuller had in mind
was C. werneri Bied. (Ent. News XX, 76, ’09). At the time of de-
scription both ¢ and? of C. beutenmiilleri were before the writer and
also the unique type of C. werneri, which is contained in Coll. Barnes.
While both belong to the verilliana group, the two species are totally
unlike in the appearance of the primaries; C. werneri is largely suffus-
ed with dark brown blotches, whereas C. beutenmiilleri in both sexes is
a clear bluish gray, without traces of brown patches. Their distinctness
is without question—J. McDunnoucH, Decatur, Illinois.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 181

THE Stupy oF DiIseEAsE-TRANSMITTING INsEcTs.—With a view to
furthering the work of the African Entomological Research Commit-
tee, Mr. Andrew Carnegie has been good enough to place at its dis-
posal a sum of £1,000 a year for three years to defray the cost of send-
ing a few suitably qualified young men to the United States to study
the practical applications of entomology which have received so much
attention in that country. Three of these Carnegie Scholars, as they
are to be called, have been selected, and two of them are already at
work in the States. The fact that Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the
Bureau of Entomology at Washington, is personally interesting him-
self in the matter is a sufficient guarantee that all possible facilities
will be given to the scholars, and it may be confidently expected that
the scheme will be of great value to British administration in Africa
and elsewhere by providing a body of well-trained entomologists
available for employment in the services of the different Colonial
Governments.

It may be mentioned that the Research Committee was appointed in
June, 1909, by Lord Crewe, the then Secretary of State for the Colonies,
with the object of promoting the study of the insects which play so
prominent a part in the spread of disease among men, animals, and
plants in Africa; that Lord Cromer is its President; and that it includes
some of the most eminent authorities on entomology and tropical
medicine in this country.

During the short period of the Committee’s existence satisfactory
progress has been made. The scheme has been energetically taken up
by the African Colonies and Protectorates, and the large quantity of
material. already received at the Committee’s Office in the Natural
Histofy Museum at South Kensington has very materially increased
our knowledge of the insect pests of Africa. The collections of in-
sects, after being properly identified and recorded, are being distributed
to the Schools of Tropical Medicine, Universities, Museums, or other
institutions where they are likely to be of value for the purpose of
teaching or scientific study. Two skilled entomologists are being em-
ployed under the direction of the Committee in East and West Africa
respectively, for the purpose of interesting and instructing the local
officials in the work, and also of carrying out special investigations.

The Committee has issued quarterly a scientific journal, entitled the
“Bulletin of Entomological Research,” of which the first volume is
just completed. It contains many important articles by well-known
authorities, and is obtaining a wide circulation. Further particulars may
be obtained from the Secretary of the Committee—Mr. Guy Marshall,
British Museum (Natural History) ; South Kensington, London.
Colonial Office,

23rd February, I9gII.

182 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, ’11

A New Work on Gatis.—The E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuch-
handlung (Nagele & Dr. Sproesser), of Stuttgart, announce the un-
dertaking of a pretentious work on galls: Die Zoocecidien, durch
Tiere erzeugte Pflanzengallen Deutschlands und ihre Bewohner, by
Ew. H. Rubsaamen, with the collaboration of Messrs. Thomas, Nalepa,
Kuster, von Schlechtendal, Dittrich, Borner, Griinberg, Mees, Schmiede-
knecht, Kolbe, Ritzema-Bos and others. The chief value of the work
is to lie in 150 plates of large quarto size, for the most part in 13-15
colors, by Werner & Winter, of Frankfurt-on-the-Main, from
Rubsaamen’s drawings. The text will amount to about 150 sheets
(Bogen), and will include text-figures. The undertaking has the
financial support of the German Imperial Ministry of the Interior.
The first part is announced and the whole is to be finished in 1917.

CorRECTIONS IN Diprera of the New Jersey List of Insects, 1909.—
I have noted the following minor corrections in the list of the order
Diptera contained in Report on the Insects of New Jersey, 1909, by
Dr. Jno. B. Smith.

Page 740, third line from bottom of page, read Therioplectes for
“Therioplectus.”

Page 745, genus Spogostylum, fourth species, read limatulus for
“limatula,”

Page 752, genus Laphria, third species, read aeatus for “areatus.”

Page 753, figure 312, “Asilus missouriensis.’ This name is a synonym
of Proctacanthus milberti and the figure, which is an old one, does not
delineate either the habitus or generic characters of the genus Asilus
as at present defined. Dr. Smith expresses the wish that the illustra-
tion may be eliminated from the literature, to which we say, Amen!

Page 755, third genus read Campsicnemus for “Campicnemus.”

Page 755, seventh genus, read Nematoproctus for “Nematoprotus.”

Page 812, genus Agromyza, sixth species, “dimidiatus” Walk. I can
find no record of any such American species of either Agromyza or
the old genus Phytonomus in Walker’s lists or any of the other dip-
terological catalogs of more recent date. This species is evidently
diminuta Walker which is known to mine the leaves of cabbage.

In Bulletin No. 10, new series, Division of Entomology, U. S. Dept.
of Agriculture, Mr. D. W. Coquillett records the larvae of this species
mining the leaves of potato in Missouri, leaves of white clover in
Washington, D. C., and leaves of cabbage in California. It was also
bred from a stem of cabbage at Ames, Iowa, by Mr. H. Osborn. In
Aldrichs’ “List of Diptera” Agromyza diminuta is recorded as a
synonym of A ¢rifolii Burgess on the authority of Mr. Coquillett
who now recognizes it as a valid species —W. R. Watton, Bureau of
Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.*

* Published by permission of the Chief of the Bureau.

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

183

Entomological Literature.

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), excluding Arachnida and
Myriapoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species, will be recorded.
The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published, and are all
dated the current year unless otherwise noted. This. (*) following a

record, denotes that the paper in question contains description of a new
North American form.

For record of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington.

4—The Canadian Entomologist. 7—U. S. Department of Agri-
culture, Bureau of Entomology. 8—The Entomologist’s Monthly
Magazine, London. 11—Annals and Magazine of Natural History,
London. 22—-Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig. 35—Annales,
Societe Entomologique de Belgique. 88—Wiener Entomologis-
che Zeitung. 40—Societas Entomologica, Zurich. 45—Deutsche
Entomologische Zeitschrift. 90—Revue Scientifique, Paris.
§92—Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie. | 99—Cor-
nell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca. 104—
Mittheilungen, Naturhistorisches Museum in Hamburg. 159—
Bollettino, Laboratoria di zoologia generale e agararia della R. S.
Superiore d’ Agricoltura in Portici. 179—Journal of Economic
Entomology. 189—Pomona Journal of Entomology, Claremont,
Cala. 191—Natur, Munchen. 194—Genera Insectorum, Dirigés
par P. Wytsman, Bruxelles. 216—Entomologische Zeitschriit,
Stuttgart. 251—Annales, Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Paris.
305— Deutsche Entomologische National-Bibliothek, Berlin.
314—Atti del R. Istituto d’Incoraggiamento di Napoli. 315—
Memoires, Academie Royale de Belgique, Classe des Sciences,
2d ser., Brussels. 316—Canada Department of Mines, Geological
Survey Branch, Ottawa.

GENERAL SUBJECT. Fernald, Osborn, Bruner, etc.—Present
methods of teaching entomology, 179, iv, 63-90. Handlirsch, A.—
Canadian fossil insects, 5. Insects from the Tertiary lake deposits
of the southern interior of Br. Columbia collected by Lawrence
M. Lambe in 1906, 316, Mem. 12-P, 93-129 (*). Meissner, O.—
Kurze Bemerkungen weber einige mneuere naturwissenchaftliche
Theorien, 40, xxv, 87-88. Pierantoni, U.—Sulla utilizzazione dei
ragni quali predatori d’insectti nocivi in agricoltura, 314, lxi, 317-
321. Plateau, F.—Recherches experimentales sur les fleurs ento-
mophiles peu visitees par les insectes, rendus attractives au moyen
de liquides sucres odorants, 315, it, fasc. 7, 55 pp.

184 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, ’11

APTERA AND NEUROPTERA. A. L.—L’Industrie des Ter-
mites, 90, xlix, 150-151. Crawford, D. L.—American Psyllidae III
(Triozinae), 189, iii, 422-453 (*). Holmgren, N.—Versuch einer
Monographie der amerikanischen Eutermes-Arten, 104, xxvii, 171-
325 (*). Ulmer, G.—Einige sudamerikanische Trichopteren, 35,
lv, 15-26.

ORTHOPTERA. Shelford, R.—Fam. Blattidae, Subfam Blat-
tinae (= Periplanetinae), 194, 109 fasc., 27 pp.

HEMIPTERA. Bergoth, E.On some controversial items
concerning a few Hemiptera, 35, lv, 28-29. Butler, E. A—A con-
tribution towards the life-history of Miris laevigatus, 8, xxii, 36-40.
Crosby, C. R.—The apple red bugs (Heterocordylus malinus and
Lygidea mendax), 99, Bull. No. 291, 213-225. Davidson, W. M.—
Notes on some Aphididae taken in Placer County, Cal., 189, iii,
398-399. Enslin, E.—Gargara genistae und Formica cinerea, 92,
vii, 19-21. Essig, E. O.—Aphididae of So. California V, 189, iii,
400-403. Notes on Coccidae VI, 189, iii, 404-411. Marlatt, C. L.—
The periodical cicada in 1911, 7, Circ. No. 132, 5 pp. Wilson, H. F.
—Two new genera and seven n. sp. of the family Aphididae, 4,
xliii, 59-65 (*).

LEPIDOPTERA. Bird, H.—New histories and species in
Papaipema and Hydroecia, 4, xliii, 37-47 (*). Comstock, W. P.—
Thecla chrysalus, and its variety citima, 4, xliii, 65-66. Coolidge,
K. R.—Melitaea theona Menetries and its synonymy, 4, xliii, 50-
52. Fischer, E—Ei, Raupe und Puppe von Argynnis pandora, 40,
xxv, 79-80. Gerwein, E.—Kopula von Taeniocampa stabilis male
and gothica female, 92, vii, 27. Ihering, H. Vi—Ueber sudbrasilia-
nische Schadlinge der Feige, 305, ii, 20-21. Leigh, H. S.—A biolog-
ical inquiry into the nature of Melanism in Amphidasys betularia,
216, xxiv, 240. Linstow, V.—Der morphologische Geschlechts-
dimorphismus der Schmetterlingsflugel und seine Bedeutung, 45,
1910, 45-53. Meyrick, E.—Heterocera (Pyrales) Fam. Orneodidae,
194, 108 fasc., 4 pp. Schaus, W.—New species of Heterocera from
Costa Rica, V, 11, vii, 173-193 (*). Stichel, H.—Rhopalocera, Fam.
Riodinidae. Allgemeines-Subfam. Riodininae, Teil 1, 194, 112a
fasc., 238 pp. Unzicker, Dr.—Citheronia regalis und ihre Zucht,
Ein Beitrag nach Studien in ihrer Heimat, 92, vii, 21-23.

DIPTERA. Bezzi, M.—Un nuovo genere di Asilidi 159, iv, 174-
179 (*). Coquillett, W. B.—A decision on Meigen’s 1800 paper, 4,
xliii, 66. Kieffer, J. J—Description de quelques Dipteres exotiques.
(Sciara), 159, iv, 327-328 (*). Martelli, G—Alcune note intorno ai
costumi ed ai danni della Mosca delle Arance (Ceratitis capitata),
159, iv, 120-127. Notizie sulla Drosophila ampelophila, 159, iv,
162-174. Rothschild, N. C.—Liste des Siphonaptera du Museum

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 185

d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, accompagnee des descriptions des
especes nouvelles, 251, xii, 203-216. Sanders, G. E——Notes on the
breeding of Tropidorpria conica, 4, xliii, 48-50. Summers, S. L. M.
—Entomological notes from the London School of tropical medi-
cine.—No. 1, Description of a n. sp. of Tabanidae from Br. Guiana,
11, vii, 213-215.

COLEOPTERA. Anon.—Das Gehirn eines Kafers, 191, 1911,
143. Blunck, H.—Zur kenntnis der Natur und Herkunft des
“milchigen secrets” am Prothorax des Dytiscus marginalis, 22,
XXXvii, 112-113. Bowditch, F. C.—Notes on Diabrotica and descrip-
tions of n. sp. (cont.), 4, xliii, 53-58. Essig, E. O.—The natural
enemies of the citrus mealy bug, III, 189, iii, 390-397. Hagedorn,
M.—Fam. Ipidae, 194, 111 fasc., 178 pp. Kissel, F.—Bie Kissel’sche
Russelkafer Falle, 92, vii, 23-25. Raffray, A—Coleopterorum cata-
logus. Pars 27: Pselaphidae, 222 pp. Schmidt, A——Lamellicornia,
Fam. Aphodiidae, 194, 110 fasc., 155 pp. Schubert, K.—Neue
exotische Staphyliniden, 45, 1910, 1-39. Silvestri, F.—Metamorfosi
del Cybocephalus rufifrons, e notizie sui suoi costumi, 159, iv, 220-
227. Contribuzioni alla conoscenza degli insetti dannosi e dei lori
simbionti 1. Galerucella dell’ olmo (Galerucella luteola), 159, iv,
246-289.

HYMENOPTERA. Howard, L. O.—A note on the Indian
enemies of Aleyrodes citri, with description of a n. sp. of Pros-
paltella, 179, iv, 130-132 (*). Kieffer, J. J—Description de nouveaux
Hymenopteres, 159, iv, 105-117 (*). Nouveaux Cynipides exotiques,
159, iv, 329-342 (*). Fam. Scelionidae. Addenda et corrigenda,
194, 80b fasc., 61-112. Schmeideknecht, O.—Opuscula Ichneumo-
nolgica Fasc., xxvii, p. 2081-2160. Strand, E.—Zwei neue suda-
merikanische Stenophasmus (Stephanidae), 38, xxx, 14-15. Trani,
E.—Di un nuovo Proctotrupidae parassita delle larve degli An-
threnus musaeorum, 314, |xi, 19-24. Viehmeyer, H.—Hochzeitsflug
und Hybridation bei den Ameisen, 305, ii, 28-30.

A Synopsis OF THE ORTHOPTERA OF WESTERN Europe.—By Malcolm
Burr. London, 1910. 160 pages. Oliver Janson, 44 Great Russell
Street, W. C. Price 3s. 6d.

This most useful handbook first appeared in parts in the Entomolo-
gist's Record and Journal of Variation, forty-three installments having
been published between 1903 and 1909. In the present little volume
the matter is presented as first published with several pages of addenda
dealing with corrections of classification and nomenclature and certain
additional more recently described species.

The treatment is concise, yet full enough to serve the purpose of
the work, which the author says “does not claim to be more than a
pocket-handbook for the use of collectors in the field.”

186 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, ’11

The geographic scope of the work covers the region “west of Vienna,”
to pass beyond which “would mean the inclusion of Eastern Europe,
with Russia, and the Balkans.” It might be well to emphasize even
more strongly than the author does the fact that the present work is
the first of anything of a similar character published in the English
language, our great works of reference on European Orthoptera be-
ing in German, French and Spanish.

The generic tables seem to be very carefully constructed, while the
specific tables present in most cases a wealth of differential characters
instead of the meagre alternatives so frequently found. Under the
species are given very graphic descriptions with beclouding technicali-
ties reduced to a minimum, while such as are used are explained under
the family headings.

The geographic information is of the sort which makes one who is
more than a taxonomist happy, as the author has the ability to give
in a few terse sentences a clear yet fairly detailed statement of the
range of a species, generally prefacing the limitations of the range with
the general region or regions inhabited.

The number of species of Forficulide treated is twenty-four, of
Blattodea twenty-two, of Mantidea thirteen, of Phasmidea four, of
Acridiodea one hundred and thirty-five, of Locustodea one hundred and
sixty-one, of Gryllodea thirty-five. On tabulating the species accord-
ing to the sections of Western Europe to which they are restricted one
is first struck with the great number of Iberian (Spain and Portugal)
forms, thirty-three Acridiodea, sixty-three Locustodea and fourteen
Gryllodea being found nowhere else in the territory covered, a few
of them being found in northern Africa as well, although the vast ma-
jority are indigenous to the peninsula. The next numerical element in
a tabulation of the species is a Mediterranean one, including species
found in Spain and Portugal as well as the south coast region of
France, Italy and the portion of the Adriatic country covered by the
work. The Acridiodea of this element number twenty-eight, the
Locustodea forty-eight and the Gryllodea ten. The boreal element is
numerically far less than either the Iberian or Mediterranean elements.

In the reviewer’s opinion the splitting up of the old blanket genus
Stenobothrus (pp. 27-28, 32-47) is greatly to be commended, al-
though the author may not be universally followed in according the
divisions generic rank. Although Bolivar had previously applied these
divisions in a subgeneric sense to the Iberian species, the present work
is the first to assign the more numerous extra-Iberian forms.

A curious lapse occurs near the bottom of page 16 where Blatta
germanica is used instead of Blatta orientalis, germanica being properly
used on the middle of the same page. The latter species, our familiar

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 187

Croton-bug, we are told is called “Prussian” in Russia and “Russian”
in Prussia.

To our brother Orthopterists we would commend this Synopsis as
a model of what such a condensed manual should be, and we earnestly
hope the day may soon come when our own country will have such
handbooks of not only the Orthoptera but other orders as well. To
our English friend, who has put so much time and love into the com-
piling of this work, we give our grateful thanks for what we know will
be well thumbed by others as well as ourselves—J. A. G. R.

Doings of Societies.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA.

The fifth annual meeting was held at the University of Minn-
esota, Minneapolis, December 27th and 28th, Ig1o, in the
School of Mines building. The president, Dr. J. B. Smith,
presided throughout the session. In the absence of the Sec-
retary-Treasurer, Professor J. G. Sanders was elected Secre-
tary pro tem.

The following papers were read during the session:

E. L. Dickerson—‘Notes on the Tingid Leptobyrsa ex-
planata Heid.”

J. B. Smith—‘“Notes on Sanninoidea exitiosa.”

J. P. Jensen— ‘The structure of spermatophores in crick-
ets.”

S. J. Hunter—‘The biological survey of the insect life
of Kansas.”

H. C. and H. H. Severin.—An experimental study of the
death-feigning habits of Belostoma (Zaitha) fluminewm and
Nepa apiculata Uhler.”

C. H. T. Townsend.—‘‘Announcement of further results
secured in the study of Tachinidae and allies.”

T. D. A. Cockerell.—‘‘Some suggested rules to govern en-
tomological publications.”

The report of the Committee on Nomenclature was received
and ordered printed.

The report of the Executive Committee showed that nine-
teen new members had been received during the year and
four lost through death.

188 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ April, ’11

The result of the mail vote ordered by the Society at the
Boston meeting was, that the annual dues of the Society
should be two dollars, this to include a subscription to the
Annals of the Entomological Society of America.

The following officers were elected: President, Professor
Herbert Osborn; First Vice-President, Professor Lawrence
Bruner; Second Vice-President, Professor Alex. D. Mac-
Gillivray; Secretary-Treasurer, Professor Alex. D. Mac-
Gillivray.

Additional members of the Executive Committee: Profes-
sor J. H. Comstock, Professor J. B. Smith, Professor C. J. S.
Bethune, Dr. W. M. Wheeler, Dr. H. Skinner, Dr. A. D.
Hopkins.

The Annual Public Address was given in Handicraft Hall
by Professor F. L. Washburn: ‘The Typhoid Fly in the
Minnesota Iron Range.” ALex. D. MAcGILLIvRay, Secretary-
Treasurer.

FELDMAN COLLECTING SOCIAL.

Meeting of Dec. 21st, 1910, held at 1523 S. 13th St., Phila-
delphia. Twelve members present; Mr. Lewis H. Traun-
weiser, visitor. President Harbeck in the chair.

Prof. Smith commented on the different departments of the
colleges he visited in Europe and said he was surprised at the
amount of entomology taught in connection with the medical
courses, which of course is mostly on insects which are car-
riers of disease. He gave details of his trip, which was for
the purpose of looking up the water plant Azolla to be used
in exterminating mosquitoes, and which was described in the
News for December.

A copy of the new New Jersey list of insects was shown.

Mr. C. T. Greene exhibited and recorded the following
Diptera, all collected by himself: Masicera albifrons Town.,
Castle Rock, Pa., VIII-29-’09; Chactona nitens Coq., Weno-
nah, N. J., [X-5-"10; Tachytrechus moechus Loew, Bromall,
Pa., VII-1-’10; and Gymnopternus chalcochrus Loew, Weno-
nah, N. J., V-15-‘Io.

Dr. Castle said that on his trips to Florida he had taken

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS 189

twelve species of Chlaenius and had succeeded in adding two
to this on his latest trip, C. mavillosus Horn and herbaceus
Chev. Of the former he believed that only two specimens were
known and that it was not represented in the Horn Collection,
while the latter was represented by one specimen.

Mr. Haimbach invited the Social to hold its next meeting
at his home, 150 Sumac Street, Wissahickon. Adjourned to
the Annex.

Meeting of January 18, 1911, at the home of Frank Haim-
bach, 150 Sumac Street, Wissahickon, Philadelphia. Thirteen
members present. Prof. F. M. Webster, of Washington, D.
C., visitor. President Harbeck in the chair.

The President read his annual address which was ordered to
be incorporated in the minutes. .

The following officers were nominated and elected to serve
for the year 1911: President, F. Haimbach; Vice-President,
H. A. Wenzel; Treasurer, H. W. Wenzel; Secretary, George
M. Greene; Assistant Secretary, C. T. Greene.

Prof. Smith said that two or three months ago, just before
the bad weather, he had received word that something was
turning up the ground in Cape May County. He sent Mr.
Brehme down to Sea Isle Junction, and found that it was as
he had supposed, the Periodical Cicada, but these insects in-
stead of making chimneys, had made mounds like ant hills, the
openings of which did not come through to the top but just
caused upheavals of the ground. The burrow was followed for
six feet but did not reach the bottom and therefore no larvae
were secured. In one place Italians were making a cut of
eight feet but still the bottom of the burrows had not been
reached. He stated that later some larvae had been sent to
him from a locality where there was shale and they could only
go to the depth of a few inches.

Mr. Wenzel described the manner in which he had dug for
Bledius.

Prof. Webster mentioned the collectors and collections in a

190 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [ April, ’11

general and humorous manner and then gave an interesting
talk on imported species of several orders, particularly as to
their wide distribution. One species, a fly, was bred by Mr.
Johnson, from the University grounds here and later turned
up in Arizona. He stated that many varieties of insects were
imported to this country by the Spaniards, years ago, and also
that the distribution of the different species was largely aided
by the Jesuit priests in their travels through different coun-
tries when they carried with them grains and fruits gathered
at points where they stopped.

Mr. Wenzel exhibited a live, wingless female grasshopper,
Aptenopedcs sphenarioides Scudder, collected by Mr. Schmitz
in the street at noon of the date of the meeting, the tempera-
ture at that time being about 25 deg. Fahrenheit.

After an elaborate musical program furnished by Mr. Haim-
bach’s family and friends, the members were invited to the
dining room, where they were again well entertained.

Gro. M. GREENE, Secretary.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTO-
MOLOGISTS.

The twenty-third annual meeting of the American Associa-
tion of Economic Entomologists was held at Minneapolis, De-
cember 28 and 29, 1910. The full proceedings are published
in the Journal of Economic Entomology (the official organ of
the Association) for February, 1911. Some of the more interest-
ing features of the proceedings were: The consideration of a
committee report on a proposed affiliation of the Association
with ten other non-entomological societies under the name of
the Affiliated Societies of Agricultural Science, a general
meeting to be held biennially; each affiliated society to retain
its own organization and to hold such other meetings as it
may elect and to issue its own Proceedings, but the Proceed-
ings of all to conform to a uniform style of page, paper and
type. The report of the committee was received and the com-

Vol. xxii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS IQI

mittee continued. The President’s address by E. Dwight San-
derson, was “The Work of the American Association of Eco-
nomic Entomologists.” Prof. T. S. Headlee presented a brief
report on the work now being prosecuted by some economic
entomologists in the State universities, agricultural colleges
and experiment stations of the United States, listing the names
of 101 projects, and the investigator undertaking each one,
with his address.

The adoption of a preamble and resolution that, “Whereas,
there now exists a great lack of properly trained men for the
work in economic entomology in the country at large, be it
Resolved, by the Association that universities and agricultural
colleges within whose province it naturally falls to supply this
need, be urged to provide adequate facilities for the thor-
ough training of capable men for the profession of economic
entomology.”

A symposium on the present methods of teaching entomol-
ogy, is represented by four papers by Profs. J. H. Comstock,
H. T. Fernald, Herbert Osborn and Lawrence Bruner respec-
tively, followed by an extended discussion.

The same number of the Journal of Economic Entomology
contains the Proceedings of the ninth annual meeting of the
American Association of Official Horticultural Inspectors, in-
cluding an extended paper by C. L. Marlatt on the need of a
national control of imported nursery stock, and shorter ones
by Dr. L. O. Howard, G. G. Atwood and F. Windle.

OBITUARY

James Wiiti1Am Tutt, English Lepidopterist, and Editor
of the Entomologists’ Record and Journal of Variation (Lon-
don), from 1890 to 1910, died January ro, 1911, at Rayleigh
Villa, Westcombe Hill. From a sympathetic notice of his life
by Dr. T. A. Chapman, in the Entomologist for February,
1911, we learn that he was born at Strood, Kent, April 26,
1858. Most of his mature years were spent as a schoolmaster

192 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS [April, ’11

in London. He began contributing to the Entomologist in
1884, was an active member of the City of London (President
1896-1899) and South London (President 1899) Entomo-
logical and Natural History Societies, a Fellow of the Ento-
mological Society of London since 1885, and President-nomin-
ate of this last at the time of his death. His chief papers and
books are on Melanism; The British Pterophorina; Migration
of Insects; The British Noctuae and their varieties (4 vol-
umes): Practical Hints for the Field Lepidopterist (3 vol-
umes) ; British Butterflies; British Moths; Randoms in AI-
pine Valleys; Woodside, Burnside, Hillside and Marsh; Ran-
dom Recollections and, lastly and chiefly, A Natural History
of the British Lepidoptera, of which six thick volumes have
appeared, I-V, 1899-1906, treating of Moths, and VIII, 1905-
06, of Butterflies. These last, says Dr. Chapman, “are note-
worthy not only for their encyclopedic character in relation to
each species handled, but also for the critical discussions on
many points of classification and nomenclature. This, how-
ever, is not the place for further review, beyond noting the evi-
dence afforded of Tutt’s amazing industry, and the width and
vigor of his mental grasp.” Elsewhere Dr. Chapman re-
marks, “It was simply impossible for him to be idle; he must
work away at full steam all the time.”

“His extensive collections, occupying some dozen cabinets
are less remarkable for the rarities they contain than for pre-
senting many long series, and for being very largely of his
own collecting. It is stated that they are to be disposed of
during the next two years.”

From our contemporaries also we learn of the deaths of the
following entomologists :

E. A. LeviELLe, at the age of 70 years; EpwyNn CaRLos
REED, Director of the Museo de Concepcion, Chile, on No-
vember 5, 1910; ELZEAR ABEILLE DE PERRIN, Coleopterist, at
Marseilles, aged 68 years, and Prof. Giron, Lepidopterist, of
the Belgian Entomological Society.

April] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. i

KXCHANGES.

Not Exceeding Three Lines Free to Subscribers.

4a—- These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new
ones are added at the end of the column, and only when necessary those at the top
(being longest in) are discontinued.

Butterflies—I will name spread North American butterflies. Many
rare species for exchange.—Dr. Henry Skinner, Logan Square, Phila-
delphia, Penna.

Wanted—Specimens of the Coccid genus ZLepidosaphes (formerly
Mytilaspis) for study. Will name and return.—H. T. Fernald, Amherst,
Mass.

Japanese Butterflies and others. Pafilio, Charaxes, Hestinia, Eu-
ripus, Saturnids, Sphingids from Formosa. Wanted Butterflies from any
part of the world, especially tropical region.—T. Fukai, Konosu, Sai-
tama, Japan.

Cocoons and chrysalids of C promethea aud P. troilus for exchange
for Lepidoptera in papers.--Edwin P. Meiners, 2624 N. Garrison Ave.,
St. Louis, Mo.

Catocalae and other Lepidoptera. Eggs of zxnubens, cara, amatrix,
tla piatrix and hickory feeders. Also pupae of rega/is, imperials,
luna, modesta and P. ajax, troilus and cresphontes.—H. A. Davenport,
R. D. No. 3, Louisiana, Mo.

Lepidoptera for exchange from Ig!o, on pins, all named ; also pupae
of cresphontes, troilus, turnus for others.—F. Mulkmus, 3735 Cottage
Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

Wanted—Elateridae and Buprestidae for other named Coleoptera. I
also desire to exchange entomological bulletins of the various Experi-
ment Stations for others not in my library, and for bulletins on plant
pathology. Send lists.—C. O. Houghton, Delaware College, Newark,
Delaware.

Lepidoptera on pins from this locality for exchange.—Ernst Frensch,
Box 622, Stonington, Conn.

Wanted to purchase, or obtain by exchange, living pupae of Papilio
turnus from the South and West.—John H. Gerould, Hanover, N. H.

Will sell for cash a complete set of Illinois Geological Reports, or
will exchange for technical entomological writings ; those dealing with
parasitic insects preferred.—J. E. Hallinen, Interlaken School, Laporte,
Indiana.

For Sale or Exchange—Living pupae of 4. /uwva and A. ajax ; also
adults of Anthocharis pima and sara, both perfect and second.—N. Weil,
Calhoun, McLean Co., Kentucky.

Wanted For Cash—Can. Ent., Vol. xxx, xxxi; Riley’s First Missouri
Report and other papers on North American entomology not in my
library. Send lists.—W. Beutenmuller, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New
York, N. Y.

Wanted—Bibliography of Economic Entomology, Part 6; Div. of
Entomology, New Series, Bull. No. 15 ; Technical Bulletin 1 ; Old Series,
Bulls. 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 18, 20, 26, 28, 30 and 33. Will pay cash
or exchange. —Charles W. Hooker, Bureau of Fnt., Washington, I). C.

Wanted—Correspondence with collectors of Lepidoptera desiring to
take a trip of from 1 to 2 years in Malay Archipelago, or following the
course of Amazon River in Brazi]l.—A. F. Porter, Decorah, Iowa.

Wanted—-Living eggs of tent caterpillars ((/a/acosoma spp.) from
the western United States. Kindly indicate food plant. Exchange or
cash.—C. R. Crosby, 43 East Ave., Ithaca, N. Y.

ee ee

il ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ April.

Wanted No. American Buprestidae and Cicindelae. Will name and
return Coleoptera in certain families for specimens of the above. Dupli-
cates for exchange.—C. A. Frost, 40 Grant St., So. Framingham, Mass.

For Exchange—Eggs of Hemileuca maia, Cicindela and Lepidoptera
in paper packages. Desire exotic or native butterflies and beetles.—A.
Mares, 2517 So. Homan Ave., Chicago, Ill.

Pupae of P. modesta, Sm. excaecatus, S. eremitus, P. troilus, cres-
phontes, cocoons of luna, promethea, polyphemus, cecropia, chrysalids of
Catocala illecta in May and other species later. Butterflies and moths in
papers and on pins.—R. R. Rowley, Louisiana, Mo.

THE POMONA JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY

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The only entomological journal published on the Pacific
Slope. A well-established, high-class quarterly in its second
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economic, biologic and taxonomic entomology. Indispensable
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JUST PUBLISHED

Descriptions of new N. American Hemiptera, by E. P. Van Duzee. 16 pp.
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PD 4) platesis ease a5
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by H. C. Fall, tog pp. oss Se eee
New and Little- known Bees, by aD. Cockerell, 5I pp. eee” .50
New species of Noctuidae for 1910. No. 2, by J. B. Smith, 16 pp. its es
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Ornithoptera urvilleanna, salomnensis, :
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