oe (

# &% __ STORAGE
Rit Biologigal JULY, 1917.

& Medica] _

NTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

a an

gr
Sac 7 A

Vol. XXVIII. No. 7Z.
ee a
PROPERTY
OF
Be perm NCL
| EN Sercicar COOL LY
: GHON <1)
No

Henry Shimer
1828-1895,

PHILIP P. CALVERT, Ph.D., Editor.
E. T. CRESSON, Jr., Associate Editor.

HENRY SKINNER, M.D., Sc.D., Editor Emeritus.

ApvisorRY COMMITTEE:

EZRA T. CRESSON. J. A. G. REHN.
PHILIP LAURENT, ERICH DAECKE, H. W. WENZEL.

PHILADELPHIA :
Ture ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES,
LOGAN SQUARE.

Entered at the Philadelphia Post-Office as Second-Class Matter.

- specially requested.

inches. ‘Vhen the cost of the illustrations falls below these rates, the”diffr
~— ence will be refunded to the author. Blocks furnished or paid for by authors

1000 PIN-LABELS, 25 CENTS! All Alike on a Strip.

aon

“ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS
published monthly, excepting August and September, in charge of the ‘Entomo- — :

logical Section of The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, — Rie
and The American Entomological Society. si eee

ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 IN ADVANCE.
SINGLE COPIES 24 CENTS. : f

Advertising Rates: Per inch, full width of page, single insertion, $1.00 ; Acie
count of ten per cent. on insertions of five months or over. No advertise- —
ment taken for less than $1.00—Cash in advance. s

gay” All remittances,.and communications regarding subscriptions, non-receipt
of the News or of reprints, and requests for sample copies, should be —
addressed to ENTOMOLOGICAL NEws, 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
All Checks and Money Orders to be made payable to the ENTOMOLOGICA
NEws. ~ Sag

8@"All complaints regarding non-receipt of issues of the News should be pre-
sented within three months from date of mailing of the issue. After that
time the numbers will be furnished only at the regular rate for single
copies. ace > Se

Be Peas ae
v/

g@ Address all other communications to the editor, Dr. P. P. Calvert, 4515
Regent Street, Philadelphia, Pa., from September 15th to June 15th, or at
the Academy of Natural Sciences from June 15th to September 15th.
TO CONTRIBUTORS.—AII contributions will be considered and passed ~~

upon at our earliest convenience, and, as far as may be, will be published

according to date of reception. ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS has reached a

circulation, both in numbérs and circumference, as to make it necessary to put

“copy” for each number into the hands of the printer four weeks before date

of issue. This should be remembered in sending special or important matter ©

for a certain issue. Twenty-five ‘‘extras,”’ without change in form and without
covers, will be given free, when they are wanted; if more than twenty-five ~
copies are desired, this should be stated on the MS. The receipt of all paper

will be acknowledged. Proof will be sent to authors for correction only when

SPEOLAL NORGE 10 AURHORS

Owing to increased cost of labor and materials, only one or two plates will
be published in each issue of the News, except where authors furnish he
necessary blocks or pay in advance the cost of making blocks at the rate (for
1917) of $2.00 per line-engraving, 6} by 4 inches, or $4.00 per half-tone, 64 by 4 ©

will, of course, bé returned to authors after publication. = ; .
= The printer of the News will furnish reprints of articles over and above the twenty- ve
given free at the following rates: Each printed page or fraction thereof, twenty-five copies,
15 cents ; each half tone plate, twenty-five copies, 20 cents; each plate of line cuts, twenty- -— ae
five copies, 15 cents ; greater numbers _of copies will be at the corresponding multiples of ;

these rates. :

i

Smallest Type. Pure White Ledger Paper. Not Over 4 Lines or 30 Characters (13 to a Line
Additional characters 1c. each, per Line. per 1000, Trimmed. — a

C. V. BLACKBURN, 12 Pine St., STONEHAM, MASS., U. S. A.

Ent. News, Vol. XXVIII. Plate X XI

PENES, LEGION PROTONEURA (ZYGOPTERA, ODONATA).—KENNEDY.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SECTION

THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA.

VoL. XXVIII. 1ULY, tor 7: No: 7.
CONTENTS:

Kennedy—Notes on the Penes of Zy- Photogenic Organs of Photuris
goptera (Odonata) No. 3...-...... 289 pennsylvanica DeGeer (Col.)...... 304

de la Torre Bueno—Life History and Howard—An active Ant-Killer( Arach.,
Habits of the Margined Water Stri- Grek ao osm ecdiparociserncune spe 310
der, Gerris marginatus Say (Hem., mand Notes on the Earwigs (Der-
Het. Fonete tte eicta cisistsiclelaicieieratsteialels:a/ciciste’s 295 maptera) of North America north

Robertson—Feeding Habits "of ‘Adult of the Mexican Boundary..... .... 311
@hrysopidae (Neur.).<.s60ceaceses 301 Johannsen—Some North American An-

Cockerell—Some Bees of the Genus thomyiidae (Dipt.).--...........-. 323
SASTRY LEIA (ELV ING) cc cciccielcjelei vein <'e7e 302 Skinner—New Species of Lepidoptera 328

Physiographic Divisions of the United Editorial—Insects and War.........-- 330

REE GS ental ctmtataictatn: clara aie siove’scrarsisiaiaiete cio 303 Entomological Literature.............. 332
Hess—Origin and Development of the | ObitarysNOtesecesics clei sislan= =1s/elaiaielnls 335

Notes on the Penes of Zygoptera (Odonata).
No. 3. The Penes in Neoneura and Related Genera.
By CLARENCE HAMILTON KENNEDY, Cornell University,
Ithaca, New York.

(Plates XXI-XXIII.)

In the first* of this series of articles was shown a series ot
penes in the genus Acanthagrion, whose divergent characters
showed but little generic cohesion, a series with such abrupt
changes in form from species to species that their characters
could not be used in defining generic limits though they were
exceptionally valuable in differentiating species.

In the second paper+ was shown a series of penes in the
Hawaiian genus Megalagrion, in which, though the genus in-
cluded forms of diverse venation, size and body structure,
the penes ran so close to each other in structure that the en-
tire series of over twenty could not be divided into groups and

* Ent. News, xxvii, pp. 325-330, pl. XVIII, July, 1916.
¢ Ibid, xxviii, pp. 9-14, pls. II, III, Jan., 1917.

289

290 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 17

the penis could not be used as a specific character because of
the lack of sufficient specific differences.

The present paper deals with a third condition, one that
can be said to be intermediate between the preceding. It
deals with a group in which the penis is a good generic as
well as a good specific differential. As in the second paper,
this group was chosen because of its immediate availability
through Mr. Williamson’s review of the genus Neoneura and
his recent work on related genera.* It is offered as a sup-
plement to his delimitation of genera and species in this
Legion.

As in venation, the penis in the Legion Protoneura is re-
duced to a comparatively simple form, though it is not as re-
duced as in the Legion Lestes. Notwithstanding this reduc-
tion, ample variety of form yet occurs for the distinction of
genera and species. By referring to the description and text-
figure in my ftrst article (Joc. cit.) it will be seen that the penis
in this group approaches nearly to this simple, generalized
form. In most genera of the Legion Protoneura the terminal
fold is lacking, though even this occurs in the genera Palaem-
nema and Platysticta, while it appears in a less degree in Dis-
paroneura, Caconeura and Isosticta.

In the first series of figures accompanying this article are
shown the penes (as far as I have been able to obtain them)
of the type species in the greater number of the genera now
accredited to this Legion.t With each, where possible, is
shown the penis of a second species in the same genus to
show at a glance those characters common to the two (generic
characters) and those characters peculiar to the individual
(specific characters). In the second series of figures are
shown the penes of the species of the genus Neoneura.

*Notes on Neotropical Dragonflies or Odonata, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., Vol. 48. May 12, 1915, pp. 616-636. A new Dragonfly genus of
the Legion Protoneura. Ent. News, Vol. xxvii, pp. 30-33, Jan., 1916.
The genus Neoneura. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. xliii, pp. 211-246, pls.
1X-x1x, IQI7.

yl am indebted to Mr. Philip Munz, who is working out the vena-
tional problems in the Zygoptera, for his list of these genera,

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 291

In a review of the penes in the first series one can readily
see that good generic as well as specific characters exist, a
condition different from that which was found in Acanthagrion
on the one hand and equally different from the opposite con-
dition found in the penes of the Hawaiian Zygoptera. Also
the penes in this group show certain characters in common
which might induce one, not familiar with the penes of the
other Zygoptera, to attempt a definition for the group. Un-
fortunately many parallelisms occur in the form of this organ
in the various genera, so that in using the characters of the
penis to untangle classification the form of the penis has
always to be considered in conjunction with any and all
other available characters.

Among the startling parallelisms is the resemblance be-
tween the penes of Palaemnema and Bayadera the latter of
which is in the Agrionidae, [Calopterygidae] another family
of the Zygoptera. Certain species in Disparoneura (not figur-
ed in this series) have penes almost identical with that of
Amphipteryx and nearly every one of the other generic forms
can be paralleled in the Legion Coenagrion.. The forms il-
lustrated here are given merely to show a series in which
the penis can be used to aid in the definition of genera. In
this series, however, the penes show two or possibly three
lines of evolution, which on a more complete study of the
genera involved may show groupings within the Legion. Mr.
Williamson has even suggested that this Legion may be an
unnatural group, being merely the association of those forms
of reduced venation, which have developed independently in
various other Legions. The evidence for and against this will
be given in a later paper after a more thorough study of
this group has been made.

The following notes point out what may be considered
generic characters in the genera illustrated.*

Palaemnema paulina Drury, figs. 1-2, genotype. Both soft folds
present. Segment 3 two-lobed, the tips flattened into incurved hooks.

* The arrangement of genera used ee Kirby) Gat Odonata, London,
1890, has been followed.

292 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 17

Platysticta maculata Selys, figs. 5-6, genotype. Similar to Palaem-
nema, but the tips of the lobes of segment 3 not widened and flattened.

Disparoneura glauca Burm., figs. 9-10, genotype. Both soft folds
present, the terminal fold short. Segment 3 four-lobed, the basal
lobes spine-like.

Caconeura dorsalis Selys, figs. 13-14, genotype. Both soft folds
present, the terminal fold short. Segment 3 four-lobed, the basal
lobes long and flat.

Nososticta solida Selys, fig. 17, genotype. No terminal fold. Seg-
ment 3 four-lobed, the basal lobes narrow, perpendicular to the seg-
ment.

Isosticta simplex Martin, figs. 18-19. Both folds present, the ter-
minal fold short. Segment 3 with two terminal lobes whose apices
are chitinized and turned dorsad.

Neosticta canescens Tillyard, figs. 20-21, genotype. Segment 2
broader than segment 3, otherwise as in J/sosticta.

Idioneura ancilla Selys, figs. 22-23, genotype. No terminal fold.
Third segment simple, tips rounded. The internal fold reduced to a
soft spine.

Microneura caligata Selys, figs. 24-25, genotype. No terminal fold.
Segment 3 entire, in cross section deeply V-shaped.

Protoneura capillaris Ramb., fig. 26, genotype. Similar to penis in
Microneura, but segment 3 with lateral apical lobes projecting caudad.

Epipleoneura lamina Williamson, fig. 29, genotype. Terminal fold
bilobed, segment 3 with an apical notch.

Phasmoneura olmyra Williamson, figs. 32-33, genotype. Similar to the
penis in Microneura, but segment 3 with an apical notch.

Psaironeura remissa Calvert, figs. 34-35, genotype. No terminal fold.
Segment 3 divided apically into two attenuate lobes.

Epipotoneura nehalennia Williamson, fig. 38, genotype. No terminal
lobe. Segment 3 with a square tip apparently folded back. (This was
so minute I was not certain of the exact form of segment 3.)

Selysioneura cervicornu Forster, figs. 39-40, genotype. Terminal fold
very short or wanting. Segment 3 trilobed.

Neoneura bilinearis Selys, figs. 43-44, genotype. Similar to Proto-
neura, but the lateral apical lobes pointing cephalad.

The second series of illustrations deals with the species in the genus:
Neoneura. In this genus the inner edges of the anterior lobes turn in.
In Neoneura rubriventris, figs. 69-71, the apical lobes are reduced to
mere rudiments. In Neoneura mariana, figs. 63-64, the terminal lobes
are best developed. Usually they are pointed, but in sylvatica they
have rounded tips. It is not necessary to go into detail concerning
these as the illustrations show how a single type can appear variously
modified in a series of congeneric species,

ieee
q bool al i”
7 _
rf > : - -
’
a ' Fst
as
‘
o (
iad
a
:
\

Ent. NEws, Vol. XXVIII. Plate XXIII.

PENES OF NEONEURA (ZYGOPTERA, ODONATA).—KENNEDY.

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 293

In conclusion, while the penis in certain groups of Zygop-
tera has little value as a generic character, and in other groups
has little value as a specific character, in this particular group
of the Legion Protoneura it is of considerable assistance in
defining both genera and species. As was stated at the be-
ginning of this article, only a monographic study of the penis
throughout the entire sub-order of Zygoptera can show what
value to place on the penis in any group as a systematic help.
In all the work this character appears to be suggestive rather
than positive and final.

EXPLANATION OF PLAtes XXI-XXIII.

Drawings of penes in the Legion Protoneura, being lateral and ven-
tral views of the last two segments.

Figs. 1-2, Palaemnema paulina Drury, genotype. El Fiscal, Guat.,
June 6, 1909, in coll. Williamson. r

Figs. 3-4, Palaemnema angelina Selys; Atoyac, Vera Cruz, Mex.
May, H. H. &., in coll. Calvert.

Figs. 5-6, Platysticta maculata Selys, genotype; Ceylon, in coll.
Hagen, M. C. Z.

Figs. 7-8, Platysticta tropica Selys; Ceylon, in coll. Hagen, M. C. Z.

Figs. 9-10, Disparoneura glauca Burm., genotype; Cap[e] in coll.
Hagen, M. C. Z.

Figs. 11-12, Disparoneura westermanni Selys; Nilgiris, in M. C. Z.

Figs. 13-14, Caconeura dorsalis Selys, genotype; Lohabu, N. Borneo,
in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 15-16, Caconeura insignis Selys; Java, Tilg., in coll. Williamson.

Fig. 17, Nososticta solida Selys, genotype; Queensland, in coll. Wil-
liamson.

Figs. 18-19, Isosticta simplex Martin; Sydney, N. S. W., coll. by
Tillyard, in coll. Kahl.

Figs. 20-21, Neosticta canescens Tillyd., genotype. Tabalam, N. S.
W.., cotype, in coll. Kahl.

Figs. 22-23, Idioneura ancilla Selys, genotype; Brazil, Winthem, in
coll. Hagen, M. C. Z.

Figs. 24-25, Microneura caligata Selys, genotype; Cuba, 1864, in coll.
Hagen, M. C. Z.

Fig. 26, Protoneura capillaris Ramb., genotype; Portland, Jamaica, in
coll. Calvert.

Figs. 27-28, Protoneura calverti Williamson; Tumatumari, Brit. Gui-
ana, in coll. Calvert.

Fig. 29, Epipleoneura lamina Williamson, genotype; Wismar, Brit.
Guiana, in coll. Williamson.

204 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 17

Figs. 30-31, Epipleoneura fuscaenea Williamson; Wismar, Brit. Gui-
ana, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 32-33, Phasmoneura olmyra Williamson, genotype; Rockstone,
Brit. Guiana, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 34-35, Psaironeura remissa (Calvert), genotype; Puerto Bar-
rios (?), Guat., in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 36-37, Psaironeura cerasina Williamson; Wismar, Brit. Guiana,
in coll. Williamson. Type. '

Fig. 38, Epipotoneura nehalennia Williamson, genotype; Potaro
Landing, Brit. Guiana, in coll. Williamson. Type.

Figs. 39-40, Selysioneura cervicornu Forster, genotype; Gegagalu on
Sattelberg, New Guinea, Carl Wahnes, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 41-42, Selysioneura cervicornu Forster; Sattelberg, Carl W.,
in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 43-44, Neoneura bilinearis Selys, genotype; Wismar, Brit. Gui-
ana, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 45-46, .Veoneura carnatica Selys; Cuba, Poey, 1864, in coil.
Hagen, M. C. Z.

Figs. 47-48, Neoneura aaron Calvert; Texas, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 48-49, Neoneura amelia Calvert; Rio Liberia, Liberia, Costa
Rica, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 51-52, Neoneura denticulata Williamson, Iquitos, Peru, in coll.
MENG AEZ:

Figs. 53-54, Neoneura esthera Williamson; Diego-Martin Riv., Trin-
idad, in coll. Williamson.

Figs. 55-56, Neoneura ethela Williamson; Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil,
in coll. Calvert (det. P. P. C. Ann. Car. Mus. VI, p. 212 as rubri-
ventris).

Figs. 57-58, Neoneura fulvicollis Selys; Rio Cuyaba, Brazil (det.
Calvert, Ann. Car. Mus. VI, p. 212), in coll. Carnegie Mus., Pittsburgh.

Figs. 59-60, Neoneura joana Williamson, Rockstone, Brit. Guiana, in

coll. Williamson.
Figs. 61-62, Neoneura maria Scudd.; Cuba. Ch. Wright in coil.

IWiEh (65.745
Figs. 63-64, Neoneura mariana Williamson; Tumatumari, Brit. Gui-

ana, in coll. Williamson.
Figs. 65-66, Neoneura myrthea Williamson; Wismar, Brit. Guiana,

in coll. Williamson.
Figs. 67-68, Neoneura paya Calvert; del Norte, Guat., in coll. Wil-

liamson.
Figs. 69-71, Neoneura rubriventris Selys; Tumatumari, Brit. Guiana,

in coll. Williamson.
Figs. 72-73, Neoneura sylvatica Selys; Cachoeira, Brazil, in coll.

Carnegie Mus.

ENT. NEwS, VOL. XXVIII. Plate XXII.

PENES, LEGION PROTONEURA (ZYGOPTERA ODONATA).—KENNEDY.

Vol. xxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 295

Life History and Habits of the Margined Water
Strider, Gerris marginatus Say (Hem., Het.).

By J. R. pe ta Torre BuENo, White Plains, New York.

This species, Gerris marginatus, Say 1832, lacustris Kirby
1837 (sec. Van Duzee, Ch. L.), is the common smaller Gerris
spread over all the United States, a: familiar form on ponds
and in the bays of lakes. It has been recorded in Canada from
British Columbia to Quebec, and in the United States from
Oregon and California to Georgia and Texas, but twenty-
three States are still to be heard from, including the greater
part of the Mississippi Basin.

Gerris marginatus belongs in the subgenus Gerris sensu
strictu (=Limnotrechus) which contains the smaller members.
This subgenus, however, presents intergrading forms with
subgenus Aquarius among the exotic species, Gerris chilensis
Berg forming the passage. The character of the first joint
of the antenna shorter than the second and third taken to-
gether, in connection with the smaller size, serves to separate
Gerris from Aquarius. Two species of the subgenus in the
Eastern States may be confused with it, namely, Gerris buenot
Kirkaldy and Gerris canaliculatus Say. The former is small-
er in size and has more pronounced abdominal sutures to-
gether with a flavescent marginal line on the anterior prothor-
acic lobe. The second species, while it may be larger or small-
er, has a distinctly more slender form and noticeably long and
slender legs and antennae. The genital character controls;
it is well-figured by Parshley’. Weiss’ experimented with G.
marginatus, apterous, as to orientation to water, or, using the
more technical expression, positive hydrotropism. He found
that up to 9 yards distant from a pond they immediately made
their way back: at 10 yards they began to experience difficulty ;
at 15, it increased, while at 30 or 4o yards they seemed to lose
their bearings, moved aimlessly about and after a time seemed
unable to find their way back to the water. The species is a

ligt5. Ent. News xxvii: 103, fig. b. 21914. Can. Ent.: 33.

296 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’17

strong flier, and I have found it in ocean beach drift in July,
on the shores of Long Island*. Gerris lacustris, so Griffini
says‘, touches the water at times with the abdomen, which it
rests on the surface. I have not seen marginatus do this. He
also states that it has been observed to be attracted by mirrors.

Gerris marginatus begins to oviposit early in the spring;
the eggs hatch out in ten days to two weeks, depending on the
temperature. After five molts it reaches the adult in from 5
to 6 weeks. Unlike its larger congener remgis, it is a dweller
in still waters by preference. Here at times it gathers in
large numbers. In strong winds it hugs the shore, particularly
if it blows that way. From early March to late November it
may be found busy about its domestic affairs. The height of
its abundance is between April and September. In early April
they have been noticed mating; by May 20 to 26 adults and
nymphs in one or two stages are seen together, and so through
June and July, when they are found in several stages together.
Its food is the same as that of remigis, except that being small-
er it is not able to overcome quite such large insects. I have
seen marginatus trying to capture Notonecta undulata which
had flown to a pond and was on the surface struggling to
submerge. The Gerris avoided reprisals by jumping up from
the surface. On the other hand, it is one of the few water-
bugs that fall a prey to frogs, and is, in fact, the only one I
have seen recorded.

Its structure is characteristic of the genus; in fact, belong-
ing in the typical subgenus, it closely approaches the generic
and subgeneric type, Gerris lacustris Linné. In common with
this species, marginatus rejoices in the phenomenon of ptery-
gopolymorphism. Kirkaldy says®: “lacustris has provided
me with more variations—at least six—than any other species.
It is noteworthy that in the brachypterous forms, the two ab-
breviated elytra are not always equal in length and develop-

31915. Ent. News xxvi: 277.
41894. Gli Insetti Acquaioli p. 39. .
53899. Entomologist, xxxii: No. 432: p. 109.

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 207

ment in the same specimen.” Gerris marginatus exhibits the
same gradation from apterous to macropterous, going from
one to the other by imperceptible degrees. Yet it is essentially
an alate species, since the bulk are fully winged and only a
small number totally apterous, with an indefinite proportion
of varying degrees of brachypterousness. In this it differs
from remigis and other species of the subgenus Aquarius,
which are in general totally apterous with a very small number
—an occasional specimen here and there—fully winged (ex-
cept conformis, always found fully winged, and alastor Bueno
MS., nearly always with rudimentary wings only). The most
complete study of pterygopolymorphism is Reuter’s “Poly-
morphisme des Hemipteres®.”” Here he covers the entire sub-
ject and hazards explanation based on selection. In Gerris
marginatus and in general in the family, I see a gradual trans-
formation to apterousness, through disuse, as exemplified by
our remigis and the European najas, the fully winged being
the primitive form, adapted to an existence on the water from
an antecedent Reduvioid land bug, whose mobility depended
on these members. The stream species, being in general safe
from the consequences of droughts, are so independent of
wings for transportation that these organs are nearlv cone in
most of them. The species inhabiting land-locked bodies of
water must, however, always have some means of travelling
if the water on which they live dries up, as so frequently hap-
pens with small ponds or water-holes. Hence wings still nor-
mally persist in these forms.

Structure, progression, respiration, reproduction are as
in G. renugis. Dufour (op. c., p. 199), states that in paludum
the digestive system is as in canalium, excepting the salivary
gland.

Gerris marginatus, so far as known, has no egg parasites.
Adults and nymphs are sometimes found with larval mites at-
tached as in remigts, particularly about the head and thorax.

Egg. The egg is cylindrical, truncate at one end and round-

61875. Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr., pp. 225/36.

298 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 17

ed at the other. The chorion is roughly shagreened, and
under magnification x 975, shows very shallow pits. It has
no indications of a lid or line of weakness along which to split.
Length, 3 mm.; diameter, 1 mm.

The ova are clear white when first deposited, but change
to brown as development of the embryo progresses. In hatch-
ing, the nymph emerges through a longitudinal split beginning
at the truncate end and running about one-half to two-fifths
the length of the egg. Three females gave 30 ova in four days.
They were fastened a few on top of a piece of cork in the
aquarium, and most in a clear colorless glue or jelly, along the
edges of the cork and under the surface of the water. Gar-
man’ says the eggs are attached to aquatic plants. Dufour re-
marks (op. c., p. 347) “I have kept in vessels of water with
water plants pregnant females of Gerris paludum, and I have
assured myself they deposit their eggs one after the other,
but not in contact, in a kind of mucilaginous jelly.”

After eight or nine days the little bugs emerge. On June
g, one year, I secured thirty nymphs. Some seemed to molt
right away, which I assume to be casting the amnion. In this
connection, Dufour also says (1. c.) “I have seen the larvae
born and I have sometimes found caught in the opening of
the egg a fine membrane which was doubtless the immediate
envelope of the larva, or which covered the interior of the
egg-shell.”

This pellicle cast by Gerris marginatus immediately on emerg-
ing covers the body legs and antennae, and is extremely hairy.
It is so soft it loses its shape completely, although all the joints
of antennae and legs are apparent and the tibial combs are all
visible. All the tarsi, on emerging, are I-jointed; all claws
subapical; the antennae are very stout, the last joint as long
as the others put together, and so far as could be seen in bal-
sam mounts, apparently 3-jointed only. The lancets are also
cast with this skin.

It is an open question in my mind whether or not this may

7189 ~=Bull. Ills. St. Laby, N. H., iti: 172.

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 299

be considered a true molt. There are no perceptible differ-
ences between this nymph and the next, either as to size or
structure, except the possible 3-jointed antennae noted. I am
inclined to consider it akin to the subimago molt of the may-
flies, rather than as a true ecdysis. This amnion, for want of
a better term, resembles that covering certain Orthoptera, ex-
cept that it is a complete pellicle. If it is a true molt margina-
tus has six. It may well be that this initial molt has gone
unnoticed in the other Heteroptera, owing to the very diaph-
anous skin being blown away as soon as cast, and, in water, be-
ing unseen through its transparency and quickly destroyed by
the mechanical action of the element.

First Instar. On emerging the nymph is about 1 mm. long, pointed
oval in shape. The cylindrical antennae are 2/3 the length of the body,
the first joint as long as 2 and 3 together, and 4 as long as the other
three. The head is translucent honey-yellow, quite wide between the
eyes, which are small, prominent, round and black. The rest of the in-
sect, including the legs, which are rather thick in proportion to the
size, is translucent white. There is a broad black stripe down the
middle which crosses a similar stripe on the thorax and ends in a point
at its cephalic margin. The abdominal segments are variously marked
by the same black bands around the abdomen at the connexivum. The
dorsum only is described, as it was taken from a living specimen.

The tibia of the anterior pair of legs is longer than the femur and of
the second pair as well, but in the third pair, the femur is longer. The
anterior tarsus is short and stout and the two other slender and long;
all are single-jointed, with subapical claws. All the tibiae have combs.
The rostrum is 4-jointed, stout, joints 1 and 2 subequal, shortest, 3
longest, 4 longer than either 1 or 2, tapering; no tactile hairs were
noted at the tip. The legs are set very far back, which means that the
abdomen is very short, the abdominal segments being narrow. The
thorax is about 4 to 5 times as long.

In molting the vertex and front lift off like a lid hinged at the cly-
peus, and the thorax splits straight down the middle. The lancets are
cast with rostrum, and there are no signs of tracheae in the cast skins.

The second true molt takes place in 3 to 5 days.

Second Instar. The antennae in this instar have joint 4 shorter than
the other three together, 2 and 3 being subequal, and 1 twice as long
as either. The first pair of legs continues the shortest, the second is
the longest; the middle femur and tibia are subequal, in the other two,
the tibia is longer than the femur. The thorax is two and a half times

300 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, ’17

as long as the abdomen, which has 7 and one genital segments. The
prothorax is distinct.

Varying from 3 to 5 days, the bug molts for the second time.

Third Instar. The antennae continue to change. The 4th joint is
still the longest, 3 the shortest, followed by 2 and 1 in the order given.
The eyes are reniform. In the legs, the femora are longer than the
tibiae in the 1st and 3rd pairs, and subequal in the second. The abdo-
men is longer and the legs appear set less far back. In other respects
there are no perceptible changes.

The third molt follows the second in 3 to 6 days.

Fourth Instar. In this instar the antennae continue to change, and
the differences in length are not so great; joint 4 is still the longest,
but 2 and 3 are subequal and the shortest, 1 being not greatly shorter
than 4. The femur and tibia of the anterior legs are subequal; and
the femur is longer in the 2d and 3d pairs. The hind femora have dark
spots from which arise long setae. The abdomen has further increased
in length, the segments being wider and more distinct. Joint 3 of the
rostrum is the longest, 2 is the shortest and 4 is as before, and nearly
equal to 1. All tibiae have combs and all claws are simple.

The fifth instar is reached in 3 to 5 days.

Fifth Instar. In this instar the form and general appearance of the
nymph begin to approach more closely to the adult. The head is rounded
and set with long setae, the eyes are reniform. In the antennae joints
I and 4 are subequal, and longer than 2 and 3, which are also subequal.
The chief antennal difference is at the base of the third antennal joint
which has a pedicellate appearance. The rostrum is the same as before,
except that the 3d joint is much longer in proportion. The prothorax
is differentiated and the mesothorax distinct, with a minute scutellum.
The wing-pads are notable and reach half-way to the 4th abdominal
segment. The legs are as before, with thicker femora than tibiae. The
second and third femora have the dark setigerous spots, and the third
in addition is set with spines. The middle tarsi are much elongate, and
all the tarsi continue single-jointed. Abdominal segments are very dis-
tinct and the two genital segments very prominent. In the cast skin
two long slit-like spiracles are seen in the mesothorax in front of the
intermediate coxae.

In five to seven days the little bug molts for the fifth and last time,
and reaches the adult. The chief changes in structure in the external
skeleton are the two-jointed tarsi, the node at the base of the third
joint of the antennae, the much larger eyes in comparison to the head
and the prothorax and mesothorax fused together.

The entire internal anatomy of Gerris marginatus is still to be
worked out, and the external organs of respiration as well.

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 301

These are the detailed instars and molts of the specimens it
was possible to breed to maturity. It is to be noted that these
transformations represent an extreme as all conditions were
favorable. There was the warmth of summer and an abun-
dance of food, even though it changed not at all from day to
day.

GERRIS MARGINATUS—LIFE HISTORY.

° uo]
Ova £8 Siar cegemen (em, te | eel Bee Le |e,
Deposited] ‘E 5 oS z = 2 Ss i = ie S z
rs) a, & — _ _ _ _
Q
No. 1
? ? June 29-07 8days July 7/3 days July 10| 4 days | July 143 days | July 17 6 days
No. 2 |
? ? Lad 8 oe ae 3 “oe “oe 10 6 ac ae 16 4 ae oe 20 7 ae
No. 3
© June 1-08} 8days| June 9 |7 “ sat Gnas | fics ae 2ONNOr 4 SOP DO Maes yak CANTO ee
No. 4 |
dJune 1-08 8 ae ae / “ee oe 5 “ ae Q1 3 ae “ee 94 i 4 ae oe 28 | 6 ae
No.5 |
ie) June 1-06 8 “ee “e 7 ae oe 4 oe | ae 22 4 ae ae 24 5 oe ia) 99 5 “e
No. 6 |
? ? June 25-07 8 ‘‘ Sener et tS Dineie oe ibe WCE AWTS GAG
No. 1—Emergence to adult, 24 days
ae Q— ae oe 28 ae
‘““ 3—Oviposition ‘ 2 One of 45 ova deposited by one female.
Emergence ‘ Ro. St
‘* 4—Oviposition ‘‘ oa
Emergence ‘ 26 ‘
““ 5—Oviposition ‘“ 34 ‘
Emergence ‘ 26; “Sf

“ my 6b

These life histories give a period of between 33 and 34 days
for the full transformations from the egg to the adult, and of
between 24 and 28 days for the five nymphal instars.

Briefly, then, Gerris marginatus has one embryonic, 5
nymphal (or if the first tenuous molt be considered a true
ecdysis, 6), and one adult, a total of seven instars, which take
about a month. This would allow for three broods a summer.

Feeding Habits of Adult Chrysopidae (Neur.).

I have taken adult Chrysopidae (Chrysopa sp.) on flowers with ex-
posed nectar: Pastinace sativa, June 15 and 24, 1886; Tiedemannia
rigida (Oxypolis rigidior), Aug. 15, 1888. These visits were men-
tioned under Neuroptera in Trans. St. Louis Acad. Science 5: 450.
They are not cited by Knuth, Handbuch der Bliitenbiologie, 111. 2: 469,
but visits of a Chrysopa sp. to Yucca whipplei are there recorded.—
Cuartes Rosertson, Carlinville, Ill.

Molt
ry

302 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 17

Some Bees of the Genus Psaenythia (Hym.).
By T. D. A. CocKERELL, Boulder, Colorado.

Many years ago Professor L. Bruner collected three species
of the wasp-like Panurgid genus Psaenythia at Carcarana, Ar-
gentina. They were sent to the National Museum, and are
now in my hands for determination. One proves to be a fe-
male of P. picta Gerst., but the others are considered new.

Psaenythia thoracica crawfordi n. subsp.

Larger than true P. thoracica from Parana, about 8.5 long in both
sexes; female with lower border of clypeus black, and the black on
disc extending upward as two large wedge-shaped marks; supra-
clypeal area black; mesothorax, scutellum, postscutellum and two trans-
verse marks on basal part of metathorax red; pale yellow abdominal
bands narrowly interrupted on first two segments, constricted but not
interrupted on third and fourth, very narrowly interrupted on fifth.
Male with face cream-colored below antennae, the supraclypeal mark
notched above; anterior margin of mesothorax broadly black; no red
on metathorax; all the abdominal bands interrupted.

The female, in my collection, was received from the National
Museum, labelled P. thoracica Gerst. by Mr. Crawford. The
male (Bruner 33) evidently belongs with it. In spite of the
greater size, I should not separate this from P. thoracica (de-
scribed from the male), but for the fact that Friese has the
female of that insect (from Villa Rica, Paraguay), and states
that the abdomen has on each side of segments 1-5 a small yel-
low three-cornered spot. Since Friese’s insect is from a region
comparatively near the type locality, there is no reason to doubt
that it represents the species correctly ; P. thoracica crawfordi
is evidently a well-marked subspecies from the desert regions
of the interior.

Psaenythia pachycephala n. sp.

é.—Length about 10 mm.. robust; head very broad; eyes rather
small, green, strongly diverging below. Black, with clear ferruginous
legs, the markings cream-color, those on face and mandibles lemon-
yellow. Mandibles long, yellow on outer face except at apex; clypeus
(which is extremely broad and low), labrum, large dog-ear marks,
and space between clypeus and dog-ear marks and orbits yellow, the

lateral yellow ending above horizontally, not quite reaching level of
top of dog-ear marks; a cream-colored mark on upper part of each

Vol. xxvii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 303

cheek behind; facial foveae oblique; vertex shining but well punctured;
flagellum clear ferruginous beneath except at base, antennae otherwise
nearly black. Mesothorax and scutellum shining and sparsely punc-
tured, metathorax dull; cream-colored markings consisting of inter-
rupted line on collar, ends of tubercles, spot behind tubercles, spot at
each anterior corner of scutellum, band on postscutellum, spots on
knees (extending to stripes on anterior femora), and bands on abdom-
inal segments 1-6, on first segment reduced to a pyriform mark on each
side, on second and third broadly interrupted, on fourth narrowly in-
terrupted, on fifth and sixth hardly more than constricted; tegulae
clear fulvous; wings yellowish, dusky apically, stigma amber-color;
apical plate of abdomen broadly truncate, the truncation slightly ex-
cavated. (Bruner 509.)

@ —Length about 10 mm.; differing from the male thus: Head or-
dinary, though broader than long; mandibles black, with a ferruginous
patch; face black, except for a pair of large quadrate patches, broader
than long, taking in the dog-ear marks and the space between these
and the orbits; mesothorax and scutellum rather densely punctured;
bands on first two abdominal segments rather broadly interrupted, on
third narrowly, on fourth very narrowly, on fifth entire; fringe at
end of abdomen black; spur of middle tibia as long as basitarsus, re-
motely short-pectinate. (Bruner 60.)

The sexual difference in the sculpture of the thorax is paral-
lel with that observed in P. philanthoides Gerst.

Related to P. rubripes Friese, from which it is known by the
much darker antennae, spotted scutellum, and the large light
patches on face of female. According to the description, P.
rufipes Holmbg. appears to be very similiar, differing by the
color of the flagellum and the form of the face-markings.
Schrottky states that rufipes is a variety of P. picta, which P.
pachycephala certainly is not.

—____-—+12e»>—-—

Physiographic Divisions of the United States.

Entomologists studying geographical distribution will find useful a
monograph by Nevin M. Fenneman, under the above title, forming
pages 19-98 of volume VI of the Annals of the Association of Ameri-
can Geographers. It attempts “to divide the United States into na-
tural or physical units which should be as nearly as possible homo-
geneous with respect to certain criteria...... All orders of divisions
rest ultimately on existing differences in topography and elevation.
But the differences considered are those which pertain to physiographic
types and not merely superficial appearance.” It is accompanied by a
preliminary map of the United States 42.5 x 17 inches. Copies may be
purchased for 26 cents from the Secretary and Editor of the Associa-
tion, Prof. Richard E. Dodge, Washington, Connecticut.

304 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 17

Origin and Development of the Photogenic Organs
of Photuris pennsylvanica De Geer (Col.).*
By Wa ttTerR N. HEss.

In spite of the fact that the light organs of fire flies have
been the object of much study during the past century, com-
paratively little has been done on their development. How-
ever, during the past few years this phase of the subject has
received more attention, though as yet, no one has definitely
demonstrated their embryonic origin.

There are at present three conflicting views regarding the
origin of the photogenic organs. One view is that they are
modified hypodermal cells, another that they are formed from
both ectoderm and mesoderm, and lastly, that they are derived
from fat cells. Of these three views, that of the fat cell
origin has been the most generally accepted.

Among the earlier workers who favored the idea of ecto-
dermal origin was Owsjannikow (1868), but his observations
are of little value since he studied only the adult organ.

The question of origin can be settled only by a study of
the development of the photogenic tissues. With the excep-
tion of two recent papers, Vogel (1912), and Williams (1916),
this has not been done by any one except Dubois. Dubois
(1898) studied the development of both Lampyris noctiluca
and Pyrophorus noctiluca. He believed that he was able to
follow the development of the photogenic organs through the
different stages, from the beginning of segmentation, to the
adult insect. He discovered a close histological resemblance
between the blastoderm cells and the photogenic cells of the
larva, pupa and adult. Furthermore, he concluded that the
cells of the hypodermis multiply, and by proliferation form
directly the photogenic organ of the larva.

For some reason Dubois’ work has attracted little attention
and is practically ignored in general discussions of the sub-
ject. Moreover he misinterpreted the normal structure of
the body wall in Lampyris, and for this reason his conclu-

* Contribution from the Entomological Department of Cornell Uni-
versity.

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 305

sions have been severely criticised by the few who have dis-
cussed them.

Wielowiejski (1890), in opposition to Dubois, states that
the so-called reflective or urate layer of the photogenic organ
is derived from fat cells; the light giving or luminous layer,
on the contrary, is composed of cells derived from oenocytes,
hence ectodermal. Here again the statements are based on a
study of mature organs, and hence are not conclusive.

With the exception of the two previously mentioned papers
by Vogel and Williams, all authors who favor the theory of
fat cell origin have based their conclusions only on a study of
the adult organs. Many of these, including Leydig (1857),
Schultze (1865), Wheeler (1892) and Berlese (1909) seem
to be of this opinion, largely because the structure of the
mature organ resembles somewhat that of fat cells, and also
because certain cells of the photogenic organs secrete urates
and other products, comparable with fat cells.

Recently two important papers have appeared which ap-
parently definitely settle the question in favor of the fat cell
origin, one by Vogel (1912), the other by Williams (1916).

Vogel studied the embryonic development in Lampyris noc-
tiluca, beginning with a stage in which the organ was already
clearly differentiated. He made a comparative histological
study of its cells and those of the neighboring tissues, from
which he concluded that the cells of the photogenic organ, in
this stage, agree with the neighboring fat cells in shape, size
and relations of their nuclei. On this he based his conclusions
that the light organ arises from fat cells.

It should be noted that Vogel found the organ in its early
development closely applied to the hypodermis, while at a
later stage it was definitely separated from it.

Williams (1916) worked upon our native species, Photuris
pennsylvanica, and apparently confirmed completely the work
of Vogel. He maintains that the cells of the photogenic organ
form a gradual gradation from the rather dark pigmented
cells lying against the hypodermis, through those on the side
towards the fat cells and continuous with them.

306 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 17

Unaware of Williams’ work, which did not appear until
late December, the writer had undertaken a study of the
embryonic development of the photogenic organs of Photuris
pennsylvanica. This work was at the suggestion of Dr. W.
A. Riley, to whom the writer is indebted for helpful advice
and criticism in the completion of this paper. On the basis
of this work he is forced to conclude that neither Vogel nor
Williams studied the organ in its earliest development, and
that they drew mistaken conclusions from observations of
organs already developed beyond the critical stage.

Material for study was obtained by confining the adult in-
sects in small jars that were partly filled with earth and moss.
Since oviposition occurred very readily in captivity, it was
easy to obtain a complete series of eggs by removing the in-
sects to different jars each day. During the summer of 1916
the eggs of this species hatched in from 25 to 27 days, depend-
ing on temperature, with an average of 26 days. Eggs were
killed in hot water, dehydrated and imbedded in paraffin.
Sections were cut three and four microns thick. As it was
often difficult to find the eighth abdominal segment, sagittal
sections were by far the most satisfactory. Heidenhain’s
iron haematoxylin was very satisfactory for staining. Various
other stains were tried with less success. Eosin was some-
times used as a counter stain.

It was found in the 14-day embryos, that the hypodermis
on the ventro-lateral portion of each side of the eighth ab-
dominal segment, in its anterior region, showed a definite
thickening, due to proliferation and enlargement of the cells,
as shown in Fig. 1, (H). The nuclei of the cells were also
larger than those of other hypodermal regions.

In the 15-day embryos the organ appeared as a distinct
nodule which projected from the inner surface of the hypo-
dermis (Fig. 2; P). At this stage there was no evidence of
any separation from the hypodermis. In fact the hypoder-
mal cells extended up slightly between the cells of the nodule
itself.

By studying a large number of embryos it was definitely

Vol. xxviil] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 307

determined that there was no evidence of any relation between
the fat cells and those of the nodule, in this, or the 14-day
embryos. At this age the cells and nuclei of the nodule are
much larger than those of the hypodermis. In fact they
somewhat resemble the fat cells, though the nuclei are larger.
Moreover, the chromatin in the nuclei of the photogenic organ
is of a coarse.irregular nature resembling closely that of the

Fig. 1.—Sagittal section of the ventro-lateral eighth abdominal segment of a 14-day
embryo through the middle of the photogenic organ. F, fat cell; HY, hypoder-
mis thickening to form the photogenic organ.

Fig. 2.—Sagittal section of the ventro-lateral eighth abdominal segment of a 15-day
embryo through the middle of the photogenic organ. F, fat cell; A, hypoder-
mis; P, photogenic organ or nodule.

Fig. 3.—Sagittal section of the ventro-lateral eighth abdominal segment of a 17-day
embryo through the middle of the photogenic organ. F, fat cell; A, hypoder-
mis; MM, muscle; P, photogenic organ; 7, trachea.

Fig. 4.—Sagittal section of the ventro-lateral eighth abdominal segment of a 26-day
embryo through the middle of the photogenic organ. C, cuticula; 4, hypo-
dermis; Z, luminous layer of photogenic organ; A, reflective or urate layer;
T, trachea.

308 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 717

hypodermal cells, rather than that of the fat, which is of
a finer nature. The cells of the light organ at this stage
appear somewhat vacuolated, especially those farthest away
from the hypodermis. This fact is not surprising since this
portion soon forms the less dense or reflective layer. The
hypodermis itself often shows a vacuolated condition.

In the 16- to 17-day embryos the organ is completely sepa-
rated from the hypodermis, except at its two ends where it
remains attached, the organ being elongated in the direction’
of the two attachments. The appearance of the photogenic
cells at this stage is very similar to that of the 15-day em-
bryos, except that their cell boundaries seem more distinct.
However the cells farthest away from the hypodermis appear
more vacuolated. Until now, cell division has .been but
slight, however at this time these large active nuclei are di-
viding considerably.

From Vogel’s and Williams’ descriptions of the earliesi
condition of the light organs that they observed, one would
be led to believe that it was the study of this stage of de-
velopment on which they based their conclusions regarding
its origin. At this time the fat cells lie in rather close prox-
imity to the light organ, and somewhat resemble it.

In embryos 19 to 20 days old, there occurs a differentiation
of the cells of the photogenic organ, by which the two layers
are formed. The tracheal and nerve connections become fully
established about this time, for in the 22-day embryos light
was being emitted from the photogenic organ.

In the 26-day embryos (Fig. 4,) the two layers are very
distinct. Cell boundaries were definitely observed in the
luminous layer, though no cell walls were distinguished in
the reflective area, -At this period there is considerable dif-
ference in the nuclei of the two regions. Those of the re-
flective layer appear smaller and more elongate than those ot
the luminous area. -The cytoplasm of the luminous portion
is very granular and appears slightly alveolar, while-that of the
reflective layer, though somewhat alveolar-like, contains com-
paratively few granules.

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 309

The narrow hypodermal ligaments which are continuous
with the hypodermis and the photogenic organ, often appear
longitudinally striated, due probably to a slight modification of
the hypodermis in those regions. In a sagittal section these
attachments are continuous longitudinally with the reflective
layer, the region between these attachments next to the hypo-
dermis being occupied entirely by the luminous cells. Since
the reflective layer lies like a cap over the inner portion of
the photogenic organ, its cells cover all of the organ except
that portion next to the hypodermis.

At the meeting of the American Society of Zoologists, at
New York, in December, 1916, Dahlgren reported observa-
tions which he had made on the development of the adult or-
gans in the pupa of Photuris pennsylvanica. He found that
the larval organs degenerated, and that new ones were formed,
in different body segments, by the proliferation of hypodermal
cells. Williams in his work on the development of the light
organs in the pupa concludes that they are derived from
fat cells. However he states: “The photogenic organ, when
in the process of formation, frequently suggests a hypodermal
origin, for it is then rather structureless and closely applied
t@the body wall. Indeed some sections show the hypodermis
sending up extensionsbetween the cells of the organ.” My
observations on the pupal devélopment of the photogenic
organ, though essentially the same as quoted from Williams’
paper, have led me to conclude, as Dahlgren, that the adult
organs in the pupa arise from hypodermis.

Wheeler and Wilhams (1915) in their study of a my-
cetophilid fly of the New Zealand caves, find that the light
organs are a modified portion of the Malpighian tubules.
These structures, as is well known, are of ectodermal origin,
and this furnishes a clear instance of light organs from the
ectoderm in insects.

All the evidence which I have obtained from the studies
above outlined, strengthen my belief that Vogel and Will-
iams were mistaken in their interpretations of the early light
organ, and that, instead of arising from fat cells, the em-

310 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 17

bryonic organ is formed by a proliferation of hypodermal cells,
which are ectodermal in origin.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Beriese, A. 1909. Gli insetti: loro organizzazione, sviluppo, abitudini
e rapporti coll’uomo. Milano. p. 709.

Boncarpt, J. 1903. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Leuchtorgane ein-
heimischer Lampyriden. Zeit. fiir wiss Zool. LXXV: 1-45. 3 Taf.

Dusors, R. 1898. Lecons de physiologie générale et comparée. Paris.
PP. 301-317.

Leypic, F. 1857. Lehrbuch der Histologie des Menschen und der
Thiere pp. 342-344.

OwsJANNIKow, P. 1868. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Leuchtorgane
von Lampyris noctiluca. Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. XI. No.
17 pli ap a

Scuuttze, M. 1865. Zur Kenntniss der Leuchtorgane von Lampyris
splendidula. Archiv. fiir mikr. Anat. 1: 124-137, 2 Taf.

VoceL, R. 1912. Zur Topographie und Entwicklungsgeschichte der
Leuchtorgane von Lampyris noctiluca. Zool. Anz. XL1: 325-332.

Wuee er, W. M. 1892. Concerning the “blood tissue’ of the Insecta.
Psyche VI. p. 255.

WuHee ter, W. M. and WittiaMs, F. X. 1915. The luminous organ of
the New Zealand glow-worm. Psyche XXII: 36-43 pl. I.

von WieLow1ejskI, H. 1889. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Leuchtorgane
der Insecten. Zool. Anz. XII: 594-600.

Inip. 1890. Contributions a I’ histoire des Organes Lumineux chez
les Insectes. Bull. Sci. Fr. Belg. XXII: 166-172.

WiuiamMs, F. X. 1916. The photogenic organs and embryology of
Lampyrids. Jour. Morph. XXVIII: 145-207. pl. to.

An Active Ant-killer (Arach., Solpugid.).

April 25th of this year, Mr. Frank B. Richardson, of San Diego,
Texas, sent me a specimen of an interesting Solpugid, Eremobates
magnus (Hancock), which was determined by Mr. Clarence R. Shoe-
maker, of the National Museum. Mr. Richardson found the specimen
destroying large sized ants. He took it to an ant hill, and in a few
minutes it killed “hundreds of ants.” Mr. Richardson pointed out
that these ants are a great pest at San Diego and especially to freshly
planted seeds. He stated that they had carried away about 20 pounds
of grass seed which he recently sowed. He further stated that he
would very much like to “promote the multiplication” of this import-
ant ant enemy.—L. O. Howarp, U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Wash-
ington, D. C.

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 311

Notes on the Earwigs (Dermaptera) of North
America, north of the Mexican Boundary.

By Morcan Henarp, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Philadelphia collections contain material of all the
species of Dermaptera native to, or adventive in, these regions.
It is the purpose of the present paper to list the native species,
giving their synonymy and in each case the first incorrect
use of a name for the species based on material from the re-
gions here considered; to record hitherto unreported material
before us, and to give briefly the local habitat and known dis-
tribution of each species. One new species is described. The
nomenclature shows but little recent change; annulipes hav-
ing been transferred by Burr from Anisolabis to Euborellia.
while the series now at hand prove beyond question the dis-
tinctness of the species of the Unidentata Group of the genus
Prolabia found in Hayti and in the southeastern United
States, the correct name for the latter insect being pulchella
of Serville.

Though the different North American species have been
frequently mentioned in the literature, few studies in any
way comprehensive have appeared.’

The order is but weakly represented in the regions here
treated, except in the subtropical and tropical areas of the
southern United States, and constant field work has been nec-
essary to assemble even the small total here recorded.

Fifteen species are represented, of which four may be said
to be confined in distribution to the restricted tropical areas

1Of these the most important are :—

1876. Brief Synopsis of North American Earwigs, with an Appen-
dix on the Fossil Species, by Scudder. Bull. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr.,
II, pp. 249-260.

I91I1. The Earwigs of the United States National Museum, by Burr.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXVIII, pp. 443-467.

1913. Notes on Nearctic Orthopterous Insects. I. Nonsaltatorial
Forms, by Caudell. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XLIV, pp. 595-590.

1914. United States and Mexican Records of Species of the Genus
Doru (Dermaptera; Forficulidae), by Rehn and Hebard. Jour. N.
Y. Ent. Soc., XXII, pp. 89 to 96.

312 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, ’17

of the southern United States, while two are found only in
the subtropical desert of the southwest. A total of 432 speci-
mens is recorded, of which 309 belong to the Philadelphia
collections.

Our thanks are due to those who have assisted in permit-
ting the examination of material, either their own property or

in their care.
LABIDURIDAE.
PSALINAE.

1. Anisolabis maritima (Géné).

1832. Forficula maritima Géné, Sagg. Monogr. Forfic. Indig., p. 9.
| Nice, France; Genoa and Tuscany, Italy; along Mediterranean. ]

1853. Anisolabis maritima Fieber, Lotos, III, p. 257. [Exotic
records; South Carolina.] (Generic assignment and first United
States record.)

New York: Larchmont, XI, 27, 1902, (T. D. O’Connor), 1¢, [Hebard
Cln.].

New Jersey: Palisades, 1901, (E. Daecke), 29, [A. N. S. P.].

Florida: Long Boat Key, 12, [Hebard Cln.]; Key West, (Agassiz;
Morrison), 66, 89, [M. C. Z.]; Warrington, VIII, 4, 1903, (A. P.
Morse), 1 juv., [Morse Cln.]; Fort Barrancas, VIII, 3, 1903, (A. P.
Morse), 2 juv., [Morse Cln.].

Texas: Virginia Point, VII, 21, 1912, (M. Hebard; common under .
boards among low grasses on raised beach), 44, 39, 1 juv., [Hebard
Cln.].

This insect is found under litter on the ground. It is usually
met with in the largest numbers under drift on sea beaches.
The species does not appear to exist far from salt water. It
is generally distributed along the Gulf coast and the Atlantic
coast as far north as Maine.

2. Euborellia annulipes (Lucas).

1847. Forficelisa annulipes Lucas, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, (2), V, p.
LXXXIV. [Jardin des Plantes, Paris; probably introduced from
North America.]

1905. Anisolabis annulipes Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat: Sci.
Phila., 1904, p. 778. [Thomasville, Georgia.] (First United States
record.)

1905. . Anisolabis azteca Caudell, Ent. News, XVI, p. 216. [Jackson-
ville, Florida.]

1915. Euborellia annulipes Burr, Jour. R. Microsc. Soc., 1915, p. 545-
(Generic assignment.)

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 313

Georgia: Tybee Island, VI, 20, (D. M. Castle), 13, 19, [A.'N. S.
Pi}. ; -

Florida: Lake Worth, (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), 13,19, [M:'C. Z];
Miami, III, 4, 1916, (M: Hebard; Musa Isle, orange grove, occasional
under debris on sandy soil), 1 ¢, 39, 2 juv.; [Hebard Cin.].

Alabama: Springhill, Mobile County,’ VIII, 23, 31915, (Rehn &
Hebard; under signs on oaks), 14, 39, 3 juv., [Hebard Cin. and
ANS. E.);

Mississippi: Agricultural College, (H. E. Weed), 24, 29, 3 juv.,
[A. N. S. P.]; Ocean Springs, I, 1905, (J. H- Comstock) 64, 69; 16
juv., [Cornell Univ. Cln.]. A i

Louisiana: Nairn, XI, 1892,-(H. E. -Weed), 19; [A.'N. S. P.].

Texas: Alvin, XI, 8, 1904. (Miss M. Hillje);1¢,19, [A. M. N. H.];
Laredo, VIII, 12, 1912, (M. Hebard; in drug store), 19,-1 juv.,
[Hebard Cln.]. : ae:

Arizona: Phoenix, 19, [Hebard Cln.].

California: Folsom, VII, 19, 1885, 19,-[M. C. Z.]; Mesa Grande,
Sonoma County, IX, 30, 1906, (J. C. Bradley), 19, [Cornell Univ.
Cln.}]; Redlands, XII, 25, 1912, 14, 22, [Hebard Cln.]; Los Angeles,
1887, (D. W. Coquillett), 19, [Hebard Cln.]; Coronado, (F. E. Blais-
dell), 26, 32, 1 juv., [Hebard Cin.].

This earwig is found under litter of every sort, sometimes
under signs on trees and rarely in houses. It is more often
found inland than under drift on sea beaches. °

The species has been recorded from Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania, and the District of Columbia; it should be considered
adventive at these places. The species is now known | from
along the southern border of the United States, except in
trans-Pecos Texas,- New Mexico and eastern Arizona. The
northernmost records, in addition to those given above, are:
Raleigh, North Carolina; Camden and Columbia, South Caro-
lina; Augusta and Macon, Georgia, and Montgomery, Ala-
bama. It is generally distributed and numerous ‘in~southern
Florida, the Florida Keys and southern coastal California.

LABIDURINAE.
3. Labidura bidens (Olivier). ee
1791. Forficula -bidens Olivier, Encycl. Method., Ins., VI, p. 466.
[ Jamaica. ] ; st
1876. Labidura riparia Scudder (probably not Forficula riparia
Pallas, 1773), Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Terr., II, p. 250. [Exotic records;
Texas; Florida.] (First United States records.)

314 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 17

1905. Labidura bidens Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1904, p. 777. [Thomasville, Georgia.] (Following Kirby’s
generic assignment, first United States record as bidens.)

1908. Labidura erythrocephala Burr, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris,
1907, p. 512. [Savannah, Georgia.] :

The description of riparia, from Siberia, is not sufficient to locate
that species. It seems best to use the name bidens for the insect
here considered until Siberian material can be obtained and the prob-
lem definitely solved.

Mississippi: Ocean Springs, I, 1905, (J. H. Comstock), 1 g, [Cornell
Univ. Cin.].

Louisiana: Spanish Fort, New Orleans, VI, 29, 1916, (Lutz & Rehn;
in pavilion), 22, 1 juv., [A. M. N. H. and A. N. S. P-].

Texas: Galveston, VII, 19, 1912, (M. Hebard; under board on sand
near beach), 1¢, [Hebard Cln.]; Alvin, VII, 27, 1907 and XI, 8, 1904,
(Miss M. Hillje); 14,12, [PAL M:N: Ey:

This insect is usually found under litter on the ground. It
frequently comes to light at night. It is often encountered
under drift on sea beaches.

The species is widely distributed in Florida and southern
Georgia, extending north along the Atlantic coast to Savan-
nah. North of that point it is known only from a “South
Carolina” record and one from Raleigh, North Carolina. West-
ward it is known only from the localities given above.

LABIIDAE.
SPONGOPHORINAE.
4. Vostox brunneipennis (Serville).

1839. Psalidophora brunneipennis Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth.,
p. 30. [Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.]

1876. Spongophora brunneipennis Scudder, (in part), Bull. U. S.
Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., II, p. 252.. [Exotic record; Pennsylvania;
Kentucky to Florida; Texas2.] (Generic assignment. )

1911. Vostox brunneipennis Burr, Deutsch. Ent. Nat.-Biblioth., IT,
p: 59. (New genus described with brunneipennis as genotype.)

North Carolina: Southern Pines, IV, 17, 1915, (A. H. Manee), 19,
2 juv., [Hebard Cln.].

Kentucky: Cumberland Gap, VII, 1876, (G. Dimmock), 14, 19,
Gp apbbiey, \[Wils (Co ZANE

2 Arizona is also given, this taken, however, from material of
Spongovostox apicedentatus.

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 315

Louisiana: Arcadia, VIII, 20, 1915, (Rehn & Hebard; in great num-
bers under bark of dead birch, many immature individuals not taken;
Prolabia pulchella also present, but much less numerous), 23 ¢, 332,
39 juv., [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.].

This species is usually found under the bark of dead trees.
We have found it only on magnolia and birch.

The insect has a very wide distribution over the southern
and eastern portions of the United States, but is so rarely en-
countered that the records give little definite information as
to the limits of its distribution. In Florida it has not been
taken south of Enterprise. The most western records are
Clifton and Columbia, Texas. The most northern are Dallas,
Texas*; Arcadia, Louisiana; Cumberland Gap, Kentucky, and
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The insect has once been found
locally in very large numbers and has been reported common
in Texas by Belfrage. Over the greater portion of its dis-
tribution in the United States it may, however, rightly be
termed a rare species. The distribution in the Americas of this
species and Doru lincare, are the widest known for any non-
domiciliary earwigs of the New World.

5. Spongovostox apicedentatus (Caudell).

1876. Spongophora brunneipennis Scudder, (in part, not Psalidophora
brunneipennis Serville, 1839), Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr.,
II, p. 252. [Arizona.]

1902. Spongophora brunneipennis Scudder and Cockerell, (not
Psalidophora brunneipennis Serville, 1839), Proc. Davenport Acad.
Sci., IX, p. 18. [La Cueva, Organ Mountains, New Mexico.]

1904. Labia melancholica Rehn, (not of Scudder, 1876), Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, p. 562. [Florence, Arizona.]

1905. Spongophora apicedentata Caudell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XXVIII, p. 461, fig. ta. [Columbia, Texas; Catalina Springs, Tucson
(type locality) and Fort Yuma, Arizona; Los Angeles and San Diego
Counties, California. ]

1911. S[pongovostox] apicedentatus Burr, Deutsch. Ent. Nat.-
Biblioth., II, p. 59. (Generic assignment.)

Arizona: Sabino Basin, Santa Catalina Mountains, 3800 feet, VII,
8 to 20, 1916, (Lutz & Rehn), 19, [A. M. N. H.]; Sabino Cafion,

3Bruner’s southeastern Nebraska record of the species may be
valid, but seems decidedly doubtful. No material from that region
is to be found in the Bruner Collection.

316 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 17

Santa Catalina Mountains, III, 10 to V, 2, 1916, (J. F. Tucker; 36
from: ‘dead *“Sahuaro), 136, 319, 4 ‘yuv.-; ‘[Hebard -Cin];- Tucson,
VII, 3 to 5, 1916, (Lutz & Rehn), 19, [A. M. N. H.1; Santa Cruz
Village, Comobabi Mountains, VIII, 10 to 12, 1916, (Lutz & Rehn;
from dead and sour Sahuaro), 2 juv., [A. M. N. H. and A. N. S. P.].

This species is apparently the only indigenous earwig of
the southwestern desert regions and is a difficult insect to lo-
cate. It has usually been found in dead Sahuaro or Giant
Cactus, Cereus giganteus, but extends its range far beyond
that of the plant. In addition to the records given above and
those of the references, the species has only been recorded
from Isabel, Texas.

6. Labia minor (Linnaeus). : ae

1758. Forficula minor Linnaeus, Syst. Nat: (10), I, p. 423. [Europe.]

1838. Labia minor Doubleday, Ent. Mag., V, p. 279. [Wanborough,
New York.]

1862. Labia minuta Scudder, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. VII, p. 415.
[ Massachusetts; Virginia. ]

Ontario: Ottawa, IX, 8, 1912, (J. I. Beaulne), 446, 29, [A. N. S. P.
and Hebard Cln.].

Maine: Notway, (S: J: Smith)? 5 4; 1233[M. © Z.1-

Massachusetts: Beverley, VI, 1, 1866, (E. Burgess), 19,°[M. C. Z.];
Medford, VI, 1907, 19, [M. C. Z.]; Cambridge; “XI, 7, 1881,:T @, 19,
[M....C.. Z.];.2 Wollaston, 1883,: (FE: . HB. .Spragtie), °) 1.4, [Me ve
Z.|; Chicopee, X, 15, 1807, 22, 42 [A. No fS:- 2s andsitienara
Cln.].

Rhode Island: Providence, V, 25, 1871, (outside stable), 62, 279,
[Me G2 Zetec
. New . York: Ithaca, VIII, 1 and ‘9, 1901 and 1904, [Cornell Univ.
Cln.]; aed (Peck) 35 47,5 | MieniG Zhe Tuxedo, V, 23; 1900, (T. D.
O’Connor), , [Hebard Cln.].

New han Boonton, Vil, 23" 1901; CG; ee Greene), 16, [A. N.
S: bed: NA

Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, IV, 26, 1915, (J. A. G. Réhn), 1g, [A.
NoS2) Pie Prankfort) 19s [A. Ne S! Pals Chestnuts HallyaVill eres
(M. Hebard; flying at dusk), 19, [Hebard Cln.]; St.. Martins, VII,
5, 1916, (M. Hebard; flying before dusk), 12, [Hebard Cln.]; Olney,
VII, 3, 1915, (M. Hebard; flying at dusk), 19, 5 ee) Cln]; Wyom,-
ing, VII, 21, 1903 and IX, 1904, (G. M. Greene), ; 1s, LANES:
P.] (these five localities in Phila.); Bryn ae ome 27, 1908, (M.
Hebard; under board on manure pile), 2¢, 49, [Hebard Cin];

Swarthmore, IX, 19, 1916, (E. T. Cresson, Jr.), 13, [A. N. S. P.].

Vol. xxviii] -ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 217

Delaware: Delaware City, VII, 25, 1809, 1 4 ; [M.-C. Z.].

Virginia: Hot Springs, VII, 29, 1916, (M. Hebard; flying before
dusk), 16, [Hebard Cln.].

Wisconsin: Sparta, VIII, 7, 1896, (J. E. McDade), 16, 19, [M.
(CMa

Manitoba: Aweme, IX, 11, 1909, (N. Criddle), 44, [Hebard Clin.
and A. oN. S. P.].

Nebraska: Lincoln, VIII and IX, 7 4, 89, [Hebard Cln. and A. N.
S. P.].

California: Sonoma County, IV, 16, 12, [Hebard Cln.]; Claremont,
(eer, Baker) Ay [AL INGS.Pab

The species is frequently encountered in flight at, or just
before, dusk. It is often numerous under debris about man-
ure.

This minute insect, an adventive from Europe, has become
widely distributed in the United States. It is the only earwig
known from Canada, where it has been taken as far north as
Quebec, Quebec. There are no records of its occurrence
south of the Fall Line in the southeastern United States,
except at Unadilla, Georgia,* or from the Great Plains west to
the Californian Sierras.

7. Labia rehni. new species.

1914. Labia minor Rehn and Hebard, (not Forficula minor. Lin-
naeus, 1758), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1914; p. 377. [Key West,
Florida. ]

Though very similar to Labia minor in general appearance,
the unique female of this interesting species before us, is
found to differ widely from females of that species, in the
much smaller eyes, more ample pronotum, much shorter teg-
mina and wings, distinctive pygidium and forceps with ven-
tro-internal margins not attingent, not perfectly straight and
armed with microscopic, blunt serrulations.

Type: 9; Key West, Florida. July. 7, 1912. (Rehn &
Hebard;. under boards in store-house.) [Hebard Collec-
tion Type No. 439.]

Size very small; form moderately slender, very slightly more robust
than in ZL. minor. Head, pronotum, tegmina, wings, abdomen and

4The record by Rehn and Hebard’ from Key West, Ftorida,” ap-
plies to Labia rehmi.

318 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 27

forceps thickly clothed with short microscopic hairs. Head as in
minor, but with eye only about three-fifths length of cheek®. Pronotum
ample; lateral margins straight, parallel; caudal margin convex. Teg-
mina short, only a little longer than pronotum®; truncate caudad. Wings
projecting beyond tegmina less than half the pronotal length’. Scent
glands subobsolete. Untimate dorsal abdominal segment simple, as in
minor; fully three times as wide as long, caudal margin transverse.
Pygidium declivent; lateral margins feebly concave, subparallel; dis-
tal margin strongly concave, so that the latero-caudal portions of the
pygidium project caudad as slender, acute, conical projections. For-
ceps moderately heavy, triquetrous in proximal portion; dorsal sur-

Fig. 1.—Zadia rehnin.sp. Dorsal outline of type. (X 5.)

Fig. 2.—Labia rehnin.sp. Dorsal outline of head. Type, 2. (Much enlarged.)
Fig. 3.—Zabia rehnin.sp. Dorso-caudal outline of pygidium. Type, 9. (Greatly

. enlarged.)

Fig. 4.—Prolabia pulchella (Serville). Dorso-caudal outline of male pygidium.

; Thomasville, Georgia. (Greatly enlarged.)

Fig. 5.—Prolabia unidentata (Beauvois). Dorso-caudal outline of male pygidium.

San Francisco Mountains, San Domingo. (Greatly enlarged.)

face deplanate in proximal half, thence feebly convex; ventral sur-
face deplanate; proximad the shaft is excavate to accommodate the
pygidium, thence the internal face is deplanate for two-fifths the dis-
tance to apex, with ventral margin cingulate, feebly concave and mi-
croscopically closely and bluntly serrulate; beyond this point this mar-
gin is feebly lamellate from the juncture of the dorsal and ventral
surfaces and is supplied with well-spaced, microscopic serrulations.
Caudal margin of penultimate ventral abdominal segment transverse,
very feebly convex. Limbs as in minor: short; thickly supplied with
minute hairs; femora stout; metatarsus with ventral surface hairy,

with two rows of chaetiform spines.

5In minor the eye is only very slightly shorter than the cheek.

6In minor nearly twice as long as pronotum.

7In minor the wings project beyond the tegmina fully the pronotal
length.

inom

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 319

Length of body, 4.5; of pronotum, .86; of tegmen, 1.16; of exposed
portion of wing, .41; of forceps, 1.36; width of pronotum, .88; of ab-
domen, 1.6 mm.

Head and pronotum bister. Tegmina and wings snuff brown. Dor-
sal surface of abdomen auburn, shading to blackish brown latero-
cephalad. Forceps auburn. Antennae, limbs and underparts buck-
thorn brown.

The type is unique.

8. Labia curvicauda (Motschulsky).

1863. Forficelisa curvicauda Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou,
XXXVI, p. 2, pl. Il, fig. 1. [Nura-Ellia Mountains, Ceylon.]

1912. Labia curvicauda Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1912, p. 237. [Long Key, Florida.] (First United States
record. ]

The species is known from the United States only from
the large series taken at Long Key, Florida, in the dying
tops of cocoanut palms, at the white bases of the petioles
where these were moist.

9. Prolabia pulchella (Serville).

1839. Forficula pulchella Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth., p. 42. [Nia-
gara, New York®.]

1876. Labia guttata Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII,
p. 265. [Texas.]

1876. Labia burgessi Scudder, ibid., p. 266. [Palatka, Florida.]

1876. Labia melancholica Scudder, ibid., p. 267. [Waco, Texas.]

1900. Labia pulchella Bormans, Das Tierreich, p. 65. [Texas.]

1g1t. Labia unidentata Burr, (in part, not of Beauvois, 1917), Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXVIII, p. 451. [Florida; Thomasville, Georgia;
Texas. |

1911. Prolabia unidentata Burr, (in part, not of Beauvois, 1917),
Gen. Ins., Fasc. 122, Dermapt., p. 57. [United States.] (Generic as-
signment. )

Careful comparison of all the material before us of the Unidentata
Group, proves conclusively the above synonymy, as has been indicated
by Burr. Contrary to that author’s opinion, however, the species
found in the United States is distinct from the West Indian Prolabia
untdentata (Beauvois).

In pulchella, the male pygidium is distinctive in being roughly sub-
quadrate, with broad distal margin subtruncate.

8One specimen, collected by Schaum, bore no data: the other was
labelled “Niagara”; clearly mislabelled or an adventive specimen.

320 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July,, 47

Alabama: Greenville, VIII, 3, 1915, (M. Hebard; under bark of dead
sweet gum), 12, [Hebard Cln.]; Evergreen, VIII, 3, 1915, (M.
Hebard; under bark), 2¢, 42, [Hebard Cln.].

Louisiana: Nairn,- XI, 1892,- (H.-E: Weed), 199%, [A. N. S2 PJ;
Arcadia, VIII, 20, 1915, (Rehn & Hebard; few under bark of dead
birch, where Vostox brunneipennis was abundant), 2¢, 591° [Hebard
Cin. and A> Nis:-2

This insect is common under the dead bark of trees in the
southeastern United States, but particularly of dead pines of

rarious species. Among deciduous trees it has been found
under the bark of Sweet Gum, Oak, Magnolia and Birch.
The winged condition has been much more frequently found
under bark of deciduous trees, but this is not a rule.

The species is widely distributed over the southeastern
United States, but has not as yet been secured on the Florida
Keys. Its northern boundary on the Atlantic coast is the
Fall line. The most northern records are Raleigh, North
Carolina; Vienna, Georgia; Montgomery, Alabama, and Ar-
cadia, Louisiana. The northwestern limits are Waco and
Bosque County, Texas.

10. Prolabia arachidis Yersin.

1860. Forficula arachidis Yersin, Ann. Soc. Ent. France. (3), VIII,
p. 509, pl. X, figs. 33 to 35. [[Adventive at] Marseilles, France.]

1900. Labia burgessi Henshaw, (not of Scudder, 1876), Psyche, IX,
p. 119. [[Adventive at] Boston, Massachusetts.] (First United
States adventive material.)

I911.. Labia arachidis Burr, Proc. U. S..Nat. Mus., XXXVIII, p.
453. [From ship at San Francisco from India.]

1913. Prolabia arachidis Caudell, Proc. U._S..Nat. Mus., XLIV, p.
598. [Adventive at San Francisco, California, and Brighton, Massa-
chusetts; Aiken, Florida.] (First United States established record.)

Texas: Brownsville, VI, (H. F. Wickham), 14, [Hebard Cln.].

The present domiciliary insect is known from the United
States only from the above record and references, excepting
the series taken by Rehn and Hebard, at Homestead, Florida.

2 This specimen is very pale in general coloration.

10 All these, and the Greenville specimen, have fully developed
wings. In the series from Georgia and Florida, this condition is very
rare; represented in but 6, of 271 specimens examined.

——

eae

Sere

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 321

CHELISOCHINAE.
11..Chelisoches morio (Fabricius).
1775. F[orficula] morio Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 270. [Tahiti.]
1907. Chelisoches morio Caudell, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XV, p. 160.
[Menlo Park, California.] (First United States record.)

California: Alameda County, (R. Hunt; on bananas from Hawaii),
16, [Hebard Cln.].

Though the specimen here recorded is adventive, the spe-
cies has become established at Menlo Park, California. It is
widely distributed through the Papuan and Indo-Malaysian
regions.

FORFICULIDAE.
FoRFICULINAE.
12. Doru lineare (Eschscholtz).

1827. Forficula linearis Eschscholtz, Entomogr., p. 81. [Santa Cath-
arina, Brazil.]

1865. F[orficula] californica Dohrn, Stett. Ent. Zeit., XXVI, p. 85.
[California.] (First United States record.)

1876. Forficula taeniata Scudder, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr.,
II, p. 255. [Exotic localities; Arizona; Texas.]

1876. Forficula exilis Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVIII,
p. 262. [Texas.]

1900. All these specific names referred to Apterygida by Bormans,
Das Tierreich, II, pp. 110 and 111.

191t. Doru exile Burr, Gen. Ins., Fasc. 122, Dermapt., p. 79. [Ex-
otic; southern United States.]

to1t. Doru lineare Burr, (in part), ibid., p. 79. [Exotic; Southern -
United States. ] F

1914. Doru lineare Rehn and Hebard, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc.. XXIJ,
p. 90, figs. 1 to 4. (Synonymy; general diagnosis; records.)

Arizona: San Xavier, Pima County, VII, 24, 1916, (Lutz & Rehn;
attracted to light). 1¢, [A. M. N. H.J; Palo Alto~Rancho, Altar
Valley, about 3000 feet, X, 10, 1910, (M. Hebard; moderate numbers
in bunches of coarse green grass, in meadow near wash), 84, 39,
[Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.]; Sycamore Cafion, Baboquivari Moun-
tains, about 3700 feet, X, 6, 1910, (Rehn and Hebard; attracted to
light), 12, [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.].

The insect is usually found in rank grasses. It frequently
appears at night at light.

In the United States, the species is known only from about
Brownsville, Texas, generally over the Tucson region in

322 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 17

Arizona and from southern California. It is widely distri-
buted southward over the American continent as far as the
Misiones, Argentina. In the West Indies it is known only
from Cuba.

13. Doru aculeatum (Scudder).

1862. Forficula aculeata Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist, XVIII,
p. 262. (In part.) [New York; northern Illinois; soutien Michi-
gan.4]

1900.. Apterygida luteipennis Bormans, (in part not Forficula lutei-
pennis Serville, 1839), Das Tierreich, II, p. 118. [New York.]

1910. Doru lineare Burr, (in part not Forficula linearis Eschscholtz,
1827), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXVIII, p. 464. (Name assignment
without material at hand.)

1914. Doru aculeatum Rehn and Hebard, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc.
XXII, p. 93, figs. 5 and 7. (General diagnosis, measurements, records.)

Alabama: Mobile, VIII, 27, 1915, (Rehn & Hebard; moderately
common in cane, high weeds and cat-tails in swamp on edge of
Mobile Bay), 24, 129, 8 juv., [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.].

Louisiana: Harahan, Jefferson Parish, VIII, 7, 1915, (Rehn &
Hebard; beaten from high grasses beside road), 19, [Hebard Cin.];
Morgan City, La., VIII, 8, 1915, (Rehn and Hebard; beaten from
grasses and plants in swamp), 392, (wings fully developed) [Hebard
Cineand Aw INS: seal

The specimens from Morgan City are the first of a macropterous
condition to be found in the present species.

This insect is usually found in high grasses. It is difficult
to locate.

The distribution of this species covers the Mississippi Val-
ley, not extending west of the line of semi-aridity. It is
known northwestward to eastern Nebraska, northward to
southern Michigan, New York and Snake Hill, New Jersey.
Though apparently common in the southern Appalachians, it
apparently does not occur southeastward of that region.
We believe the species will be found on the Gulf coast from
western Florida to eastern Texas.

14. Doru davisi Rehn and Hebard.
1914. Doru davisi Rehn and Hebard, Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XXII, p.
95; figs. 6 and 8. [South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Florida.]

lineare.

i et et ee

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 323

This striking species is still known only from the series
originally studied, taken on the lake shore on low tangled
vegetation between the water and a thick growth of Cus-
tard-apple trees.

15. Forficula auricularia Linnaeus.

1758. F[orficulalauricularia Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. Ed. X, I, p. 423
[Europe.]

1853. Forficula auricularia Fieber, Lotos, III, p. 254. [Exotic record;
America.] (First American record.)

Rhode Island: Kingston, XII, 6, 1912, (A. E. Steene), 12, 19, [U.
S. N. M.]; Newport, late VI, 1914, (R. W. Glaser), 5 juv., [A. N. S.
P. and Hebard Cin.].

This insect has been previously reported from the United
States from adventive material. It has recently become
permanently established in New England, the species appear-
ing in great numbers out of doors at Newport, Rhode Island.

In addition to the species considered above, a specimen of
Spandex percheron (Guerin and Percheron), adventive in
Massachusetts, was first described as Spongophora bipunctata
by Scudder, then recorded as Forficula percheroni by Scud-
der and later as Psalis percheroni by Caudell.

Some North American Anthomyiidae (Dipt.).

By O. A. JOHANNSEN, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

Since the appearance of my paper on New Eastern An-
thomyiidae* I have noted several novelties, among them the
male of Dialyta flavitibia which was kindly sent to me by Mr.
C. W. Johnson. The discovery of the male of this species con-
firms my generic determination. I have also found the male of
the Hylephila,t mentioned in my previous paper, which enables
me to give a description of the species.
Hammomyia paludis n. sp.

@ —Length 5-6 mm. Head black, silvery gray pruinose with black
reflections; in profile the genae are about 0.4, the buccae about 0.6, the
*Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XLII: 385.

+Hylephila appears to be preoccupied in Lepidoptera. The genus
may be merged with Hammomyia as has already been done by Stein.

324 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 17

width of one eye; about 8 setae on each side of the front; four or five
incurved setae below vibrissae, setae on the lower part of the buccae
long and fine, though sparse. Face concave in profile, oral margin
distinct; antennae black, third segment nearly twice as long as the
second, not reaching the oral margin by a distance of over half the
length of this segment; arista noticeably thickened at the base, short
pubescent to the tip. Frontal stripe dull black, at the narrowest point
but little broader than the diameter of the anterior ocellus; orbits gray
pruinose, each at the narrowest point over half as wide as the frontal
stripe in the same section; proboscis and palpi fuscous.

Thorax black, brownish gray pruinose, with three black vittae, the
laterals on line with the dorso-central setae. Inner d. c. (acrostichals)
small, in two rows; d. c. 2+3; st. 1+2, long; “pra” fine, about a
third as long as the following seta. Scutellum with a pair of strong
basals, strong subapicals, small apicals, slender discals, besides some
finer discal hairs; pubescence of the lower surface restricted to a few
fine pale hairs.

Abdomen gray pruinose, each segment more fuscous at the base and
with a median fuscous line narrowing at the posterior margin. The
abdomen is more or less cylindrical, wedge-shaped posteriorly, each
segment with long slender setulae both dorsally and ventrally, dorsal
marginal setae distinctly stronger than the discal setulae; fifth sternite
with a wide and deep triangular notch similar to that figured by
Schnabl and Dziedzicki for H. janowskii (P1. 26, fig. 691). The hypo-
pygium closely resembles that of H. unilineata as figured by these
authors on plate 5, figs. 79, 80.

Legs black, gray pruinose; femora with long fine setae, strongest
on the lateral surfaces of the hind pair; fore tibiae each with two
outer lateral extensor setae; middle tibiae each with five, one of which
is on the basal third on the posterior extensor side, the others, nearly
on a level beyond the middle, one anterior, one posterior, one outer,
and one inner seta; hind tibiae each with two or more outer lateral
flexor, four large outer extensor, three large posterior extensor, and
five or more fine inner flexor, setae. Tarsal claws long, setulose at the
base, about as long as the pulvilli.

Wings brownish gray hyaline, veins brown; costal spines small but
distinct; veins R 4+5 and M 1+2 parallel or very slightly converging
at the tip; extreme tip of R 4+5 slightly reflexed; Ri ends opposite
the r-m crossvein; m-cu crossvein slightly sinuous, perpendicular to
Cur; penultimate section of M 1+2 is about two-thirds as long as
the ultimate section. Squamae yellow-tinged, upper one covers the
lower; halteres dark yellowish.

9 —Like the male, except that the antennae are a little shorter;
the lower posterior sterno-pleural seta is much shorter than the upper;
“pra” about half as long as the following seta. Setulae of the abdomen

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 325

stout, but not as long as in the male. Apex of the ovipositor with the
upcurved spines characteristic of the females of this genus. Hind
tibiae lack the fine setae of the inner flexor surface. Last section of
M 1+2 only about a fifth or a fourth shorter than the penultimate.
The size is quite variable, ranging from 4 to 7 mm. in length.

Type (male) from Melrose Highlands, Massachusetts, in
my collection. Paratypes from Melrose Highlands, Massachu-
setts, and Ithaca, New York, Melrose Highlands Laboratory
and Cornell University collections. April and May.

Some specimens in Dr. J. M. Aldrich’s collection from La-
fayette, Indiana, differ only in having a much larger “pra,”
in having numerous setulae among the acrostichals, and more
abundant and larger setulae upon thorax and abdomen.
This species differs from H. maculata St., in the chaetotaxy
of the legs and in the structure of the hypopygium of the
male; from H. unilineata it differs in having narrower genae,
in the form of the fifth sternite and in size. H. maculata has
not yet been taken in New York; my previous reference to
it should be applied to 1. paludis.

PROSALPIA.

This genus resembles Hammomyia and Hylephila in hav-
ing an elongate anal vein, a pilose lower surface of the scutel-
lum, and narrow front in both sexes, but differs from the
former in having a bare or pubescent arista and from both
in not having the head inflated. The two species recorded
from North America in Aldrich’s catalogue may be distin-
guished as follows.

a. Thorax and abdomen shining black, without pruinosity. Female.

arelate Walker.
aa. Thorax brownish gray with darker vittae; opaque.
silvestris Fall.

There is a female specimen in the Cornell University col-
lection from Truro, Nova Scotia, of the second species which
I cannot distinguish from my European specimen. Walker
(List, IV) described three species from Canada, which Stein,
with a slight doubt in each case, considers synonymous with
sylvestris. A study of the descriptions reveals but trifling
differences.

320 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 17

LISPOCEPHALA.

The species of this anomalous genus were formerly group-
ed with Coenosia to which they bear a striking resemblance
in the arrangement of the sterno-pleural setae, setae of the
posterior tibiae, wing venation, and in the spotted abdomen.
The genus ts now placed among the Limmnophorinae. - The
front is broad in both sexes as in Lispa, and the fulcrum ot
the hypopygium of the male is directed forward. The spe-
cies thus far known to occur in the United States may be
separated as follows.

a. Crossvein not clouded.
b. Middle tibia with a bristle on the anterior side; costal spine pres-
ent; wing with a brownish tinge. Ohio, New Hampshire,
verna Fabr.
bb. Middle tibia with no seta on the anterior side; costal spine not
distinct.
c. Wing of the male milky white. Many localities in the United
States....erythrocera R. D. (= lacteipennis Zett. IV, 1722).
ce. Wing of the male grayish hyaline. Massachusetts,
var. of erythrocera ?
aa. Crossveins clouded; middle tibia with no seta on the anterior side.

@ronos Maines ee es-ceeriee alma Meigen, var. pallipalpis Zett. (b).

There is another lacteipennis Zett. (1V. 1586), a species
not yet recorded from the United States, which should not be
confused with L. erythrocera (= lacteipennis Zett., 1V. 1722).
The former species is now placed in Deviopsis, a Coenosine
genus. Specimens of L. alma were taken at Orono, Maine, in
October. I have referred these specimens to var. pallipalpis
Zett. (b) because the abdomen is but faintly translucent at
the base and at the apical margins of the first and second
segments.

Limnophora torreyae Joh.

In the original description of this species a misprint occurs.
The post sutural d.c. setae are four and not three in number.
In some specimens the orbits are not quite contiguous, being
separated by a slender frontal line.

Mydaea pectinata Joh.
In the original description of this species, fourth line from

the top. page 393, substitute for the words “tibia with a row”
the words “tibia with an irregular double row.”

per»

Se

~~

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 327

Phaonia nigricans Joh.

The genus Phaonia, as at present defined by recent European
workers, is distinguished from Mydaea by the presence of a
seta on the posterior median extensor surface. If this inter-
pretation be adopted the specific name noted above which I
assigned to one of our New York species need cause no con-
fusion. If, however, the emphasis be placed upon the presence
or absence of the pilosity of the eyes, redistributing the
species into the two groups corresponding to the genera
Hvetodesia and Spilogaster, then the name nigricans becomes
a homonym, having been assigned to another species by Stein
in 1897. For the benefit of those who prefer the latter group-
ing of species I suggest that the name cayugae be adopted
to replace my nigricans.

An additional locality record for this species is McLean,
Tompkins County, New York.

Dialyta flavitibia Joh.

&@ —Like the female except that it is a trifle smaller (6 mm.); the
front is about as wide as one eye, somewhat narrowing at the base of
the antennae; buccae narrower and antennae longer and broader than
in the female; orbits about half as wide as the frontal stripe at the
lower ocellus. Abdominal setae longer and stouter than in the female;
five pairs of marginal setae on each of segments two and three and
six pairs on the fourth, five pairs of discals on the third and fourth
segments; all sternites visible. Femoral setae stronger and more nu-
merous; tibial setae as in the female except that those of the hind legs
on the outer lateral flexor side are more uniform in size. Crossveins
only faintly tinged; one large costal spine; R 4+5 more arched up-
ward. The hypopygium somewhat resembles that of D. atriceps as
figured by Schnabl and Dziedzicki (Pl. 21, figs. 555, 556). In our
species, however, the fulcrum has, in addition to the laterals, a small
median tubercle on the ventral side; the inferior forcens are stouter,
and the superior forceps are quite different, being deeply cleft, re-
sembling those shown in fig. 493 (PI. 19), but with the median angles
rounded, not produced. The fifth sternite differs but little from that
figured for D. atriceps.

This specimen was taken at Danbury, Connecticut, in June,
and sent to me by Mr. C. W. Johnson. There is a female
specimen in the Cornel! Collection from Ohio, and Mr. John-
son writes me that the species also occurs in Pennsylvania
and Ontario.

328 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 17

New Species of Lepidoptera.
By HENRY SKINNER.

Argynnis californica n. sp.

3g. This species is paler in color than its related forms and has a
faded or washed out appearance in comparison with its relatives.
In size it is smaller than snyderi which it resembles in markings. It is
about the same size as calippe Bd. and juba Bd. but is larger than
coroms Behr. It can be at once separated from calippe by its much
lighter color and from juba by the much duller color of the buff band
on the underside of the secondaries. Both sexes are heavily silvered
beneath.

2. Quite similar to the male in color and markings.

The male expands 56 mm. and the female 58 mm.

Described from fifteen specimens from California, the type
and paratypes were taken by Mr. J. G. Grundel at Alma,
Santa Clara County.

I would not have ventured describing this species without
a good figure if it had not been already well figured by Mr.
W. H. Edwards under the name coronis, in his Butterflies of
North America, vol. 3, pl. 4 of Argynnis. A number of years
ago I compared specimens of my own with the type of coronis
Behr in the Strecker collection. Due to Mr. Edwards’ figure
of this species it has been accepted as coronis and snyderi, a
related species, has been considered by some persons a variety
of coronis. The true coronts is very close to juba and calippe.

Melitaea arida n. sp.

Upperside. Primaries dull fulvous marked with a series of small
spots crossing the wing from the costa to the interior margin. The
submarginal row is almost obsolete, the central spot being a crescent;
the next row consists of three larger spots beyond the cell and two
below, the last one small and hour-glass in shape; the last row con~
sists of one spot near the end of the discal cell and one spot directly
below it.

Secondaries same color as primaries with three rows of spots
crossing the wing from the costa to the interior margin. The sub-
marginal row consists of seven, narrow, minute yellowish crescents;
the next row is composed of six minute black spots edged on the
inner side by dull yellow; the next row is a curved line of minute
yellowish spots; there is a yellow linear spot in the cell.

Underside. The primaries have a marginal border composed of
brown and yellowish spots; the limbal area is marked by spots of two
shades of fulvous.

The secondaries have a submarginal row of crescents, two near the
costa and one at the lower third; the next row consists of five small
black dots, the lower one very minute; the basal area is made up of
several rows of spots semi-silvered.

Expanse 26-30 mm.

Type and paratype. Two specimens marked Cochise Co.,

*

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 329

Arizona, May. Received from Mr. F. Haimbach without
more definite locality.

This species is close to vesta Edw. but the markings are
much fainter and different in color, those of vesta being
orange-fulvous. The characteristic row of orange fulvous
spots so conspicuous in vesta is replaced in arida by a faint line
of spots. The silvered spots on the underside of the second-
aries are also characteristic.

Erythroecia hebardi n. sp.

In volume nine of Sir George Hampson’s Catalogue of the
Lepidoptera Phalaenae, p. 57, there is erected the new genus
Erythroecia with the type species swazvis H. Edwards. He de-
scribes a new species under the name rhodophora which is
figured on plate 138, no. 4. The type locality given is Capitillo,
Guatemala.

Last summer Mr. Morgan Hebard captured a species of
Erythroecia at Hot Springs, Virginia, August 15th, at light,
two perfect male specimens.

This appears to be a much more robust species than
rhodophora and the primaries are much more obscured by red
(crimson) and the ground color of the wings is yellow, almost
orange. The orbicular and reniform do not show as in
Hampson’s figure. The Virginia species expands 34 mm.

It is possible that this may be a very good species, a topo-
morph or only a variety of rhodophora but additional material
is needed to establish their true relationship. If they are
the same species the distribution as at present known appears
very strange.

Autographa olivacea n. sp.

@. Head and thorax gray mixed with white hairs; tegulae gray;
thoracic crest gray-white at tips; abdomen and legs gray; crests
brown tipped with gray. Fore wing grey tinged with whitish olive,
the medial area below the cell shining dark olive, extending from
the apex and covering the outer third of the wing and extending
two-thirds the distance to the inner margin; orbicular faintly indicated
and not silvered; a very small silver stigma, linear and having a faint
incurved point at the outer end; hind wing with a greenish tinge.

Expanse 39 mm.

Type one specimen sent to me by Mr. Eugene O. Mur-
mann, taken at Los Angeles, California, August, 1916.

This species resembles ampla Walk. but may be readily
differentiated by the olive shade of the outer half of the
primary wing.

The types of these species are in the collection of The
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS.

PHILADELPHIA, PA., JULY, I917:

Insects and War.

Unfortunately the lessons of the past have not been sufficient-
ly taken to ‘heart and at the present time we are confronted with
the grim destroyer in many forms. Every soldier thinks he
will be one of the fortunate individuals and escape some death-
dealing missile, but he is much more likely to be the victim of
some low and minute form of either animal or vegetable or-
ganism.

In spite of the great advance of modern science and knowl-
edge gained, its practical application is relatively very defec-
tive and inefficient. The mind of the medical profession runs
largely to therapeutics—the application of drugs to the cure
of disease, but unfortunately remedial measures can’t compare
in value with preventive medicine. The sick soldier is a
distinct loss as a fighting unit and is a menace and expense to
the Government as he needs hospitals, doctors, nurses and
medicines.

A few references to the past may enlighten the thoughtful.
During the Civil War, on the Union side, 93,369 soldiers were
killed and 186,216 died from disease. In the Crimean War
4,602 were killed and 17,580 died victims of disease. A re-
markable example of mortality from disease and low death
rate from wounds is shown by the figures from the French
Expedition to Madagascar in 1894, 29 being killed and 7,000
dying from disease. In the Spanish-American War only 454
Americans were killed and 5,277 died from disease, mostly
typhoid fever carried by house-flies. A more specific instance
of disease morbidity and mortality is shown by what happened
to the First Pennsylvania Infantry in 1898. There were 792
men in the regiment and 169 cases of typhoid fever and twelve
deaths. In many of the camps in this country and Cuba men
were compelled to walk through human excrement to get to the
latrines, and the food in the mess tents was black with flies.
The mouths of the sick soldiers in the hospitals and hospital

330

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. Bat

tents could not be seen for house-flies, and these insects were
sucking the juices from the lips of unconscious soldiers and
many of these sick men were brought to Philadelphia by the
car-load.

Insects are responsible entirely or in large part for the trans-
mission of typhoid fever, typhus fever, malaria, yellow fever
and tuberculosis and many lesser forms of disease.

Strange to say, the persons most keenly alive to these condi-
tions and the persons who are meeting and trying to prevent
these things are the mothers of the young men being trained for
war.

So far as we are aware the Government has done very
little to prevent a recurrence of this dreadful sacrifice of life.
There will be plenty of medical men to look after the small
ills incident to camp life, but will the expert and capable men be
there to guard against disease? It has been suggested that a
medical entomologist should be stationed at each concentration
camp, a most important matter, as sanitation and preventive

jeasures greatly exceed drug therapeutics in importance. We
sincerely hope that the present war will not show the dread-
ful mortality from disease exhibited in the wars of the past.—
FlENRY SKINNER.

The second report of the Emergency Entomological Service of the
United States Department of Agriculture, to which we called atten-
tion in the News for June, page 283, has appeared, dated June 1, 1917,
in I9 mimeographed pages. It announces the establishment, as an emer-
gency measure, of a distinct section or branch of the Bureau of En-
tomology, that of “Stored Product Insect Investigations,’ of which
Dr. E. A. Back has been put in charge. Plans for the use of the Boy
Scout organization to report insect injuries and to spray infested small
gardens are being developed. There are reports of insect injuries as
in the first report; 314 pages are devoted to a consideration of the
“acute situation [which] appears to exist as to the supply of arsenical
insecticides in this country.” It is stated that “The Council of Na-
tional Defense is still considering the plans for the utilization of
entomologists in the war. The present plan of the Council provides
for a corps of entomologists to be coordinate with the corps of sani-
tarians. This subject is also being considered by the Chief of Bureau
and the Surgeon General of the Army Medical Corps.”

B22 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [July, 17

Entomological Literature.

COMPILED BY E. T. CRESSON, JR., AND J. A. G. REHN.

Under the above head it is intended to note papers received at the
Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, pertaining to the En-
tomology of the Americas (North and South), including Arachnida and
Myriopoda. Articles irrelevant to American entomology will not be noted;
but contributions to anatomy, physiology and embryology of insects, how-
ever, whether relating to American or exotic species. will be recorded.

The numbers in Heavy-Faced Type refer to the journals, as numbered
in the following list, in which the papers are published.

All continued papers, with few exceptions, are recorded only at their
first installments.

The records of papers containing new species are all grouped at the
end of each Order of which they treat. Unless mentioned in the title,
the number of the new species occurring north of Mexico is given at
end of title, within brackets.

For records of Economic Literature, see the Experiment Station Record,
Office of Experiment Stations, Washington. Also Review of Applied En-
tomology, Series A, London. For records of papers on Medical Ento-
mology, see Review of Applied Entomology, Series B.

3—The American Naturalist. 4—The Canadian Entomologist.
5—Psyche. 11—Annals and Magazine of Natural History, London.
37—Le Naturaliste Canadien, Quebec. 50—Proceedings, U. S.
National Museum. 102—Proceedings, Entomological Society of
Washington. 141—Proceedings, Indiana Academy of Sciences, In-
dianapolis. 148—Ohio Journal of Science, Columbus, Ohio. 153—
Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History, New York. 161
—Proceedings, Biological Society of Washington. 184—Journal of
Experimental Zoology, Philadelphia. 195—Bulletin, Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge. 198—Biological Bulletin, Ma-
rine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. 238—Annales,
Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, Buenos Aires. 263—Proceedings of
the Hawaiian Entomological Society, Honolulu. 335—Smithsonian
Miscellaneous Collections. 3783—Contributions to the Natural His-
tory of the Lepidoptera of North America, by Wm. Barnes and
J. H. McDunnough, Decatur, Ill. 892—The Irish Naturalist, Dub-
lin. 411—Bulletin, The Brooklyn Entomological Society. 420—
Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus: A monthly journal of entomology,
Washington. 537—Proceedings, Entomological Society of Nova
Scotia, Truro. 588—Lorquinia, Los Angeles. 540—The Lepidop-
terist, Official Bulletin, Boston Entomological Club. 547—Journal,
The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia.

GENERAL SUBJECT. Banks, N.—Index to the literature of
American economic entomology, Jan. 1, 1905, to Dec. 31, 1914 (323
pp.). [Pub. Am. Assoc. Ec. Ent., Melrose Highlands, Mass.].
Berlese, A.—Gli insetti loro organizzazione, sviluppo, abitudini e
rapporti coll’uomo (II, fasc. 13-16). Bethune, C. J. S—The insect
collections of Canada. I. The collections of the entomological so-
ciety of Ontario, 4, 1917, 153-7. Cockerell, T. D. A.—Sunflower
insects in Virginia and Connecticut, 4, 1917, 212. Descriptions of
fossil insects [2 new], 161, xxx, 79-82. Dahlgren, U.—The pro-

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 333
duction of light by animals. III. Worms, crustaceans and lower
insects (99 pp. reprint), 547, May-Jan., 1916-17. DeWolfe, L. A.—
How to collect and preserve insects, 537, 1916, 12-15. Howard,
Schwarz & Busck—A biographical and bibliographical sketch of
Otto Heidemann, 102, xviii, 203-5. McIndoo, N. E.—Recognition
among insects, 385, Ixviii, No. 2, 78 pp. Pierce, W. D.—Notes on a
southern trip, 102, xvili, 206-7. Provancher—Biographical note by
C. V. A. Huard, 37, xliii, 145-52. Slosson, A. T.—Experiences of a
collector, 411, xii, 25-9.

PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY. Foot & Strobell—Re-
sults of crossing Euschistus variolaris and E. ictericus with refer-
ence to the inheritance of two exclusively male characters, 198,
XXXli, 322-42. Hyde, R. R.—On the change that takes place in the
chromosomes in mutating stocks, 141, 1915, 339-44. Jennings, H. S.
—-Modifying factors and multiple alleomorphs in relation to the
results of selection, 3, li, 301-6. Macdowell, E. C.—Bristle inheri-
tance in Drosophila, 184, xxiii, 109-146. Painter, T. S—A wing
mutation in Piophila casei, 3, li, 306-8. Patterson, J. T.—Studies
on the biology of Paracopidosomopsis, 198, xxxil, 291-305.

NEUROPTERA, ETC. Hood, J. D.—An annotated list of the
Thysanoptera of Plummer’s Island, Md., 420, v, 53-65. Howe, R.
H.— Distributional notes on New England Odonata, 5, xxiv, 45-53.
Walker, E. M.—Seasonal irregularities in the occurrence of dra-
gonflies, 4, 1917, 171-8.

Kennedy, C. H.—Notes on the life history and ecology of the
dragonflies of central California and Nevada [several n. gen. and
sps.], 50, lii, 483-635.

ORTHOPTERA. Caudell, A. N.—Color dimorphism in Schisto-
cerca damnifica; The habitat of Doru aculeatum, 102, xviii, 216-17.
Crampton, G. C.—A comparison of the antennae of the Gryloblat-
tidae and Embiidae to demonstrate the relationship of these two
groups of insects, 4, 1917, 213-17. Gooderham, C. B.—The Acrididae
of Nova Scotia, 537, 1916, 21-30. Illingworth, J. F.—Regeneration
in cockroaches, 263, iii, 266.

HEMIPTERA. Drake, C. J—New and noteworthy Tingidae
from the United States [3 new], 148, xvii, 213-16. Gibson, E. H.—
Three n. sps. of Jassoidea from Missouri; Two n. sps. of Dicyphus
from Porto Rico, 4, 1917, 183-4; 218-19. Gillette, C. P—Two new
aphid genera and some new species, 4, 1917, 193-98. Heidemann, O.
—Two n. sps. of lace-bugs, 102, xviii, 217-9.

LEPIDOPTERA. Brethes, J.—Estudio fito-zoologico sobre al-
gunos lepidopteros argentinos productores de agallas, 238, Ixxxii,
113-40. Dyar, H. G—Seven new Pyralids from British Guiana,

334 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 17

420, v, 88-92. Forbes, W. T. M.—Notes on West Indian Syntomi-
dae and Arctiidae, 1538, xxxvii, 339-45. Hampton, G. F.—Descrip-
tions of new Pyralidae of the subfamilies Hydrocampinae, Scopari-
anae, etc., 11, xix, 361-76 (cont.). Marchand, W.—The specific differ-
ences between Apantesis nais, A. vittata and A. phalerata, 5, xxiv,
59-60. -May, R. M.—The life history of a swallowtail butterfly
(Papilio zolicaon), 588, i, 77-9.

A revision of the genus Hydriomena
[8 new], 373, iv, 1-59. Dyar, H. G— Miscellaneous new American
L. [8 new]; Notes on No. Am. Pyraustinae [6 new]; Notes on No.
Am. Nymphulinae [7 new]; Notes on No. Am. Schoenobiinae [10
new]; Seven new Crambids from the United States, 420, v, 65-87.
Pearsall, R. F.—Synchlora avidaria n. sp., 411, xii, 34-5. Swett, L.
W.—New Geometrids [2 new], 540, i, 45-8.

DIPTERA. Elwyn, A—Effect of humidity on pupal duration
and on pupal mortality of Drosophila ampelophila, 158, xxxvii, 347-
53. Gibson, A.—The occurrence of Eumerus strigatus in Canada,
4, 1917, 190-1. Ludlow, C. S.—Cycloleppteron [new localities for],
5, xxiv, 53. Snyder, T. E— Notes on horseflies as a pest in southern
Florida, 102, xviii, 208-10.

Barnes & McDunnough

Alexander, C. P—New nearctic crane flies, III. [11 new], 4, 1917,
199-211. Hine, J. S—Descriptions of North American Tabanidae
{5 new], 148, xvii, 269-71. Malloch, J. R—A key to the No. Amer-
ican genera of Coenosiinae [1 new g., 1 n. sp.]; A new gen. and
sp. of Anthomyiidae, 411, xii, 35-7; 37-8. Parker, R. R—A new
Sarcophaga from New York, 4, 1917, 157-61. Smith, H. E.—Notes
on New England Tachinidae, with the description of one n. gen.
and two n. sps., 5, xxiv, 54-8. Van Duzee, M. C.—Descriptions of
a few new Diaphorus from the western states [7 new], 5, xxiv, 33.

COLEOPTERA. Chapin, E. A—Miscellaneous notes on C., 411,
xli, 29-31. Schaeffer, C—Notes on a few Eucnemidae and descrip-
tions of new Elateridae [5 new], 411, xii, 39-44. Schwarz, E. A.—
Rhizobius not Rhyzobius, 102, xvii, 214.

Fall, H. C—New Coleoptera—VI. [9 new], 4, 1917, 163-71.
Fisher, W. S.—A new sp. of Xylotrechus, 102, xviii, 214-16.

HYMENOPTERA. Chapais, J. C—QOuelques notes sur le “ver
limace du poirier,” $7, xliti, 153-6. Scharff, R. F—Should wasps be
killed? 392, 1917, 88. Schwarz, E. A.—Ants protecting acacia trees
in Central America, 102, xviii, 211-12. Stohr, L. M.—An interesting
case of instinct, 4, 1917, 161-3. Turner, R. E.—Notes on fossorial
H. On new species in the British Museum, 11, xix, 317-26.

Banks, N.—New fossorial H. [28 new], 195, Ixi, 97-115. Felt, E.
P.— Two new sawflies, 4, 1917, 191-2. Gahan, A. B.—-Descriptions of
some new parasitic H. [2 n. g.; 26 n. sps.], 50, liii, 195-217. Girault,
A. A.—The North American species of Habrocytus [6 new], 4, 1917,
178-82. Myers, P. R—An American species of the hymenopterous
genus Wesmaelia, 50, liii, 293-94. Rohwer, S. A——A report on a
collection of H. (mostly from California) made by W. M. Giffard
[15 new], 50, liii, 233-49. A nearctic species of Dolichurus; Diprion
simile in No. America, 102, xviii, 212-14.

Se

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 335

OBITUARY NOTES.

[We have brought together, from various sources, published during
the last year, the following data on entomologists who have recently
passed away.]

A brief note in Science for February 2, 1911 (page I12)
announced the death of Juan J. Ropricuez, of Guatemala
City, on December 22, 1916. Thanks to Mr. William Schaus,
we have received a typewritten copy of an obituary notice in
El Diario de Centro-América (Guatemala), for December 22,
1916, from which we translate the following:

Don Juan J. Rodriguez Luna, who was born in 1840 and
who consequently died at the advanced age of 76 years, had
shown already in his early youth his love for this class of
studies [zoology] and his competence in dealing with them.
As was the custom in that period, he began his education in
the College of the Seminary and has left us interesting notes
of the awakening of his scientific inclinations. In the Semi-
nary there existed no provision for the natural sciences, but
he already observed with attention the life of insects, their
metamorphoses and habits, and toward the end of his stay in
the college, Father Parias, to stimulate his inclinations, lent
him a very elementary book from the library. Another
Father, notwithstanding, counselled him not to devote much
time to this occupation because “he who looks much at the
earth does not look to heaven.’ This did not hinder the
young lover of nature from continuing his studies, which
must have been well advanced in 1864, when the Sociedad
I<conomica de Amigos de Guatemala, founding the National
Museum in that year, confided to him the zoological section.

In 1867 he was admitted as an advocate, a profession which
he never practiced, and his father, don José Mariano Rod-
riguez, arranged that he should undertake a voyage to Eu-
rope. So the son made his first visit to the Old World in
1868. In Paris and especially in Belgium he cultivated the
friendship of men of science working in zoology and chiefly
in entomology and, with a great fund of new information,
returned to Guatemala in 1869. The museum of the Economic

336 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, °17

Society gained much by this voyage and in 1874 already
possessed 786 specimens of birds alone, of 455 different
species, all from Guatemala, exactly classified by Sefor
Rodriguez.

In 1878 and 1887 Sefor Rodriguez Luna made two more
voyages to Europe and in both obtained many things useful
for his country and for the sciences of his specialty.

One of the benefits which Guatemala owes to him is the
introduction of species new to the country. He introduced
tubers and seeds of plants which today are abundant in our
gardens; in 1865 he propagated Eucalyptus globulus, the first
seeds of which were sent him by the distinguished Belgian
naturalist, Dr. Candéze; in 1878 he sent home from Belgium
various plants of Liberian coffee, subsequently acclimated,
and propagated here the two existing species of Bougainvillea
and various fruits and flowers. A distinguished agriculturist,
he cultivated sugar-cane and coffee, improving both by care-
ful and intelligent selection. He exported quinine on a large
scale and many other native products. For this reason, at
the International Exposition at Paris in 1900, he obtained the
greatest number of prizes awarded to any single agriculturist
and received the cross of Chevalier of the Legion of Honor.

A great quantity and variety of scientific, historical and
literary work flowed from his pen, which were published
in the periodicals and reviews of Central America and of
Europe during fifty years, so that»-he became a member of the
Zoological and Acclimatization Societies of France, the En-
tomological and Malacological Societies of Belgium, the So-
ciety of Sciences of Liége, the Aragonese Society of Natural
Sciences, etc.

He was Minister of Fomento [Promotion of Industry, etc. ]
and an important member of the commissions of all of our
national expositions.

It is due to his country, and at the same time to honor its
distinguished son, to preserve and employ usefully the re-
sults of his long and laborious life. To no one more than to
the Nation belongs the right of acquiring the zoological mus-

oO a ee pe ore ae

Vol. xxviii] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 337

eum and library of the learned naturalist, the best of its
kind which exists in Guatemala.

An obituary notice of Sefior Rodriguez is also to be found
in The Entomologists Monthly Magazine (London) for
March, 1917, written by Mr. G. C. Champion, who contri-
butes some additional items based on personal acquaintance.
The indebtedness of the Biologia Centrali-Americana to Rod-
riguez for Coleoptera and incidentally other insects is ac-
knowledged in the Introductory Volume of that work (page
44). De Selys received from him the types of Anisagrion
allopterum (Odonata) and Candéze many Elateridae.

The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine for March, 1917, con-
tains also obituary notices of CHARLES OWEN WATERHOUSE,
born at Bloomsbury, London, June 19, 1843, died at Acton,
February 4, 1917, and of J. PLatr Barrett, born near Mars-
den, Huddersfield, England, June 29, 1838, died December

tae, JO10.

Waterhouse’s father, G. R. Waterhouse, once keeper of
Geology in the British Museum, and his brothers, E. A. and
F. Waterhouse, all had entomological interests. C. O. Water-
house was an Assistant and Keeper in the Entomological De-
partment of the British Museum from 1866 to 1910, and was
chiefly interested in the Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, his
main work being on the Buprestidae in the Biologia Centrali-
Americana. His Aid to the Identification of Insects, two
volumes of colored plates, is well known. He was President
of the Entomological Society of London, 1907-08.

J. P. Barrett was for fifty-three years an instructor in
institutions for the deaf and dumb. His interests were mainly
in the Macrolepidoptera of Britain and of Sicily and he was
one of the founders of the South London Entomological and
Natural History Society.

CHARLES ApoLpHuUs Briccs, known for his work on
British Lepidoptera, Neuroptera (sensu Linnaei) and
Orthoptera, born May 26, 1849, died October 17, 1916. (En-
tom., January, 1917).

338 ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. [ July, 17

ARTHUR E. Grpps, who had in recent years “made a con-
siderable collection of American Rhopalocera and for some
time past mainly occupied himself with the study of these in-
sects,” died March 3, 1917, aged 58. He was a proprietor of
the Herts Advertiser and the St. Albans Times (England).
(Ent. Mo. Mag., April, 1917).

Dr. E. Bergroth contributes a brief note on Dr. BERTIL
Rosert Popprus, the Finnish entomologist, who died at
Copenhagen, November 27, 1916, aged 40 years. His most
important works are Monograph of the holarctic subgenus
Cryobius (Carabidae) and Monograph of the Ethiopian Cap-
sidae (2 vols., 1912-1914). (Ent. Mo. Mag., Jan., 1917).

RoLaNnp TRIMEN, the distinguished author of South Afri-
con Butterflies, died as long ago as July 25, 1916, and his
decease should have received mention in an earlier number of

the News. He was born at Paddington, London, October 29, -

1840. He spent the years 1860-1895 in South Africa, first
in the civil service, then from 1873 as curator of the South
African Museum at Cape Town. His most important scientific
work was On some remarkable Mimetic Analogies among
African Butterflies (Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xxvi, 1869),
dealing with the females of Papilio merope (dardanus). He
was President of the Entomological Society of London in
1897 and 1808, his addresses on Mimicry and on Seasonal
Variation “being of special interest and value. In 1883 he
was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and received in
1910 the high distinction of the Darwin medal.” (Ent. Mo.

Mag., Sept., 1916, Entom., Oct., 1916).

Orson BENNETT JOHNSON, professor emeritus of Zoology
in the University of Washington, died March 9, 1917, aged
69, according to a note in Science for April 13 last. We have
previously mentioned (this volume, page 41) his gift of his
entomological- collection to his University. A quarter of a
century ago we received Odonata from Seattle from him and
others also are indebted to him for material.

i

EXCHANGES.

This column is intended only for wants and exchanges, not for

advertisements of goods for sale.

Notices not exceed-

ing three lines free to subscribers.

4@~ These notices are continued as long as our limited space will allow; the new
ones are added at the end of the column, and only when necessary those at the top
(being longest in) are discontinued.

For Exchange—Duplicate Rhopalocera from Japan and Formosa;

Desiderata: butterflies of the world.

S. Satake, No. 48 Aovama-

minamimachi 5-chome, Akasakaku, Tokyo, Japan.
Collecting Orders for any group of Insects or other animals
desired.—C. H. Lankester, Cartago, Costa Rica, Central America.
Wanted—Diurnal Lepidoptera of the World. I can offer in ex-
change a large list of species, particularly southwestern forms.—
Dr. John A. Comstock (Curator, Div. of Ent., Southwest Museum),
1275 Bellevue Avenue, Los Angeles, California.

COLEOPTERA

CARABIDAE
PRICE $1.00

Calosoma
inqguisitor Linn.
Callisthenes
elegans Kirsch.
Carabus
hungaricus Fabr.
v. viennensis Kr.
violaceus Linn.
galicianus Gory.
rugosus abr.
v. baeticus Deyr.
ully chit Germ.
v. superbus Kr.
kollarti Pall.
striatulus Gehin.
lindemannit Ball.
boedanowii Ball.
v. furkestanicus Heyd.
stschurovskjt Solsky.
linneii Panz.
cribratus Quens.
glabratus Payk.
Eurynebria
complanata Linn.
Nebria
picicornis Fabr.
tatrica Mill.

Vol. 1, No. 2
CONTENTS

Pelophila
borealis Payk.
Blethisa

multipunctata Linn.

Scarites
laevigatus Linn,
Broscus
cephalotes Linn.
Craspedonotus
tibialis Schaum.
Deltomerus
tatricus Mill.
Chlaenius
spoliatus. Rossi.
vestitus Payk.
Jestivus Fabr.
Licinus
silphoides Rossi.
Siagona
europaea De}.
Graphipterus
rotundatus Klug.
Anthia
sexmaculata Fabr.
Acinopus
picipes Oliv.
Aristus
capito De}.

ILLUSTRATA

CARABIDAE
PRICE $1.00

Ditomus
dama Rossi.
Pachycarus
caeruleus Brulle.
brevipennis Chaud.
Penthus
tenebroides Waltl.
Liochirus
cycloderus Solsky.
Scybalicus
oblongiusculus De}.
Ophonus
cephalotes Fairm.
Gynandromorphus
etruscus Quens.
Diachromus
germanus Linn.
Pseudophonus
pubescens Mull.
hospes Sturm.
Pardileus
calceatus Duft.
Harpalus
namanganensis Heyd.
aeneus Fabr.
psittacinus Four.
dimidiatus Rossi.
serripes Quens.

Accurate Enlarged Pen Drawings, Uniform in Size,

One to a Page, Svo.

Coleoptera Illustrata will be mailed upon receipt of price.
HOWARD NOTMAN,
136 Joralemon St., Brocklyn, N. Y.

BOOKS ON ENTOMOLOGY

An important new Catalogue, No. 4, to be issued early in
October, will, like Catalogue No. 3, be devoted entirely to items
on Insects. ‘These two Catalogues index in a comprehensive
and intelligible manner the largest stock of books on this sub-

ject for sale in America.

Among the many recent purchases to be included in this
new Catalogue are the superb library of Mr. George W. J.
Angell, chiefly devoted to Coleoptera; the library of the late
George Marx, relating entirely to Arachnida; also the remain-
der of the library of the late C. V. Riley.

Economic items of especial interest at this time in connec-

tion with food problems, will be presented in unusual detail.

Excerpts from various entomological and other journals,
both American and foreign, are available for specialists who do

not need full sets or volumes.

If you wish this new Catalogue, or if you
did not receive Catalogue No. 3, apply to

JOHN D. SHERMAN, Jr.

24 CLAREMONT AVENUE, Mount Vernon, New York

4 METAL CABINETS
«FOR SCHMITT BOXES

oe 3 : © -Phiese cabinets have a specially constructed groove or trough aroun@ the front,
lined with a material of our own design, which is adjustable to the pressure of the front
~eover. The cover, when in place, is made fast by spring wire lecks or clasps, causing a
__ constant pressure on the lining in the groove. The cabinet, in addition to being abso-
co lutely dust, moth and dermestes proof, is impervious to fire, smoke, water and atmos-

fe - — pheric changes. Obviously, these cabinets are far superior to any constructed o: non-
genetic. material.
a -The interior. is made of metal, with upright partition in center, On the sides

: are ‘inefal supports to hold 28 boxes. The regular size is 42} in. high, 13 in. deep, 18?
_ In. wide, inside dimensions; usually enameled green outside. For details of-Dr. Skin-
; -oner’s construction of this cabinet, see Entomological. News, Vol. XV, page 177.
ak oe METAL INSECT BOX has all the essential merits of the cabinet, having a
ae -_ Broove, clasps, etc. Bottom inside lined with cork; the outside enameled any color
RSS ine he Se The regular dimensions, outside, are 9x 13x 2h in. deep, but can be furnished
any size. -
: ~WwooD INSECT BOX.—We do not assert that this wooden box has all the quali-
ties of the metal box, especially in regard to safety from smoke, fire, water-and damp-
ness, but the chemically prepared materia] fastened to the under edge of the lid makes
a a box, we think, superior to any other woegd insect box. The bottom is cork lined.
es sean vatnished, For catalogue and prices inquire of

re BROCK BROS., Harvard 3 Square, Cambridge, Mass.

” We are the “Headquarters” for Entomological supplies
: and specimens.

ie “The- ‘only genuine Schmitt insect. boven and Arerican
Entomological Company’s insect pins are manufactured
by. us. Best service in getting spreading boards, breed-
ing cages, Riker mounts and botanical presses.

=e : Over 200 different life histories of insects of economic
and other importance furnished by us.

Collections of mimicry and color protection, seasonal and
sexual dimorphism.

Sek Send for list 128b with many desirable chances of Lepi-
<> Shee doptera from Peru.

"Ward's Natural Science Establishment

FOUNDED 1862, INCORPORATED 1890

When Writing Please Mention ‘* Entomological News.”

From Columbia, So. America: —

OVER 10,000 BUTTERFLIES, INCLUDING

Morpho cypris
“ sulkowskyi . Caligo spp. —
From Cuba: it

1500 BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING

Papilio columbus Urania boisduvali ‘
‘“« andraemon Erinyis guttalari
“ celadon Protoparce brontes
« devilliersi .
From Venezuela : From New Guinea
Over 5000 Lepidoptera 2000 perite |
200 Dynastes hercules . 200 Oren

From Assam, India:
1200 _ BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS, INCLUDING ©

Papilio arcturus _ Kallima inachis
“« philoxenus Brahmaea wall:
And Many Other Showy Species

From Tibet (Bhutan) |

Armandia lidderdalii Parnassius hardwi

CATALOGUES OF —
ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES AND SPECIME
ON APPLICATION z

Department of Natural Science
G. Lagai, Ph.D. 404-410 W. - 27th