IRLF
SB Eb? 573
V
LIB R ARY
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.
GIKT OF
Received Accessions No.^t $/. 2 Shelf No.
NATIONAL GUARDSMAN
IN CAMP.
DUTIES OF OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS
COMPILED BY
MAJOR. GrKORGrE) EX BURDICK,
it
First Infantry, N. G. C.
SACRAMENTO:
A. j. JOHNSTON, : : : : : SUPT. STATB PRINTING. 1892.
t*
GENERAL HEADQUARTERS,
STATE OF CALIFORNIA, ADJUTANT-GENERAI/S OFFICE, SACRAMENTO, July i, 1892.
GENERAL ORDERS, | No. 14. J
The following rules and regulations for govern- ment of officers and enlisted men of the National Guard of California are hereby adopted and pub- lished for the information of all concerned.
By order of the Commander-in-Chief.
C. C. ALLEN,
Adjutant-General. Official:
Assistant Adjutant-General.
GENERAL CAMP REGULATIONS.
Field Officer of the Day.
1. A field officer will be detailed daily as field officer of the day. It will be his duty to see that all orders and regulations pertaining to the camp are faithfully and promptly carried out.
He will receive his orders only from the com- mander of the camp.
Any orders delivered by him must be promptly obeyed.
Officer of the Day (Regimental).
2. Both old and new officers of the day will be present at guard-mounting. After the old officer of the day has . given the old standing orders to the new officer of the day, they will proceed to the guard-house; on approaching which each officer of the day will place himself about twelve yards in front of the center of and facing his own guard, and will return the salute of its command- ers. While the old guard is being relieved, they will inspect the guard-house or tents, and verify the number of prisoners.
3. All persons under guard, without written charges, will be released by the old officer of the
day at guard-mounting, unless specific orders to the contrary have been given in each case by the commanding officer of the camp or of his regi- ment. He will at the same time release all pris- oners whose sentences expire on that day.
4. The officers of the day will then report to the commanding officer of their regiment, to whom the officer relieved presents the report of the commander of the guard, with such remarks entered thereon as orders and circumstances require. At the same time the new officer of the day receives his instructions.
5. The officer of the day is responsible for the enforcement of all police regulations, and is charged with the execution of the orders of the commanding officers relating to the safety, order, and police of the post or camp. He will, with the surgeon and hospital steward, inspect thor- oughly the quarters, sinks, guard-tent, etc., of his regiment daily, and the camp will not be open until everything is in satisfactory condition.
6. The officer of the day is subject to the orders of the commanding officer of the camp, of his regiment, and of the field officer of the day only. His actual tour of duty begins when the old sen- tinels are relieved by the new. While the sentinels are being relieved, the new officer of the day is responsible for the proper performance of duty by the new sentinels just posted, and the old officer of the day for the old sentinels not yet relieved.
7. He is responsible for the proper performance of guard duty during his tour, and will inspect the guard and sentinels during the day and night, at such times as he may deem necessary. He will visit them at night at least once after 12 o'clock. When he deems it necessary or expedient, he will prescribe patrols and visits of inspection to be made by officers or non-commissioned officers of the guard.
8. He will see that the commander of the guard is furnished with the parole and countersign before retreat, and will inform him of the presence, in the post or camp, of any stranger who is entitled to compliment.
Orderlies.
9. When so directed, the adjutant will select an orderly for the new guard, a supernumerary being detailed for guard for this purpose.
10. The selection will usually be made during the inspection at guard-mounting. The soldier will be chosen who is most correct in the perform- ance of duty and military bearing, neatest in person and clothing, and whose arms and accou- trements are in the best condition. Clothing, arms, and equipments must conform strictly to the regu- lations prescribing the uniform. If there be doubt as to the relative merits of two or more soldiers, the adjutant may proceed to the guard-house and cause them to form in line a few paces to the right
of the guard, after it has been brought to an order. They fall in, in single rank, facing to the front, with arms at an order. The adjutant will cause them to execute the manual of arms, to march, etc., both with and without the numbers, the most proficient being selected as orderly. The adjutant will notify the commander of the guard of his selection.
11. After the guard has been brought to an order at the guard-house, the commander of the guard will direct the soldier selected as orderly to report to the commanding officer. The soldier will then give his name, company, and regiment to the sergeant of the guard, and leaving his rifle in his company quarters, will proceed at once to the commanding officer, reporting: "Sir; Pri- vate , Company , reports as orderly."
If the orderly selected be a cavalryman, he will leave his carbine in his company quarters, and report equipped with saber-belt and saber.
12. The orderly during his tour is subject to the orders of the commanding officer whose orderly he is only.
13. The orderly may be excused from such duty between retreat and reveille, and may be permitted to sleep in his company quarters, or in such other place as the commanding officer may direct.
Prisoners.
The commander of a guard will place a civilian in confinement only on an order from higher authority, unless such civilian be arrested while in the act of committing some offense within the limits of the military jurisdiction; in which case the commanding officer will be immediately noti- fied.
Non-commissioned officers will not be confined at the guard-house in company with privates, but will be placed in arrest in their barracks or quar- ters, except in aggravated cases, where escape is feared.
The arrest of a non-commissioned officer and the confinement of a soldier will be reported to his immediate commander as soon as practicable.
A prisoner under charge of a sentinel will not salute an officer. The sentinel only will salute.
Prisoners, when paraded with the guard, are placed in line, in its center. Having formed the guard the sergeant will divide it into two equal parts. Indicating the point of division with his hand, he will then command : i. Right (or left), 2. FACE, 3. Forward, 4. MARCH, 5. Guard, 6. HAI/T, 7. Left (or right ), 8. FACE.
The right or left half only of the guard will execute the above movements. If the first com- mand be right face, the right half of the guard only will excute them; if left face, the left half
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only will execute them. The command halt is given when sufficient interval is obtained to admit the prisoners. The doors of the guard-room are then opened by a non-commissioned officer. The prisoners will file out under the supervision of the sergeant of the guard, the non-commissioned officer, and the sentinel on duty at the guard- house, and will form in line in the interval between the two parts of the guard.
To return the prisoners to the guard-room, the sergeant will command: i. Prisoners, 2. Right, 3. FACE, 4. Forward, 5. Column right, 6. MARCH.
The prisoners, under the same supervision as before, will return to the guard-house, and the sergeant will close the guard in to the left (or right).
Prisoners will be paraded at reveille roll-call.
Prisoners are not permitted to have playing cards in their possession.
Countersigns and Paroles.
14. Countersigns, paroles, and watchwords will be used in the performance of guard duty. The ''countersign" is a word given daily to enable guards and sentinels to distinguish persons at night. It is given to such persons as are entitled to pass and repass during the night, and to the officer, non-commissioned officers, and sentinels of the guard. To officers commanding guards, a second word, called the " parole," will be given
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as a check upon the countersign, by which such officers as are entitled to make visits of inspection at night may be distinguished.
15. Sentinels will not make use of the counter- sign except for the purpose of enabling them to distinguish persons while on duty as sentinels. Interior guards receive the countersign only when ordered by the commander of the troops.
16. If the countersign be improperly divulged, the commander on the spot will substitute another for it, and report the case at once to the proper superior, that immediate notice may be given to headquarters.
17. The parole is given to such persons only as have a right to inspect the guard, and to officers in command of guards.
18. The countersign will be given from the post commander's headquarters to each commanding officer or his adjutant, and by them to commis- sioned officers only; and a commissioned officer having the countersign, will, under no circum- stances or conditions, communicate it to any other officer or person.
19. Commissioned officers will not, under any circumstances, use the countersign to pass an en- listed man or men, and .this whether in their company or not.
— 12 — Passes.
20. All passes given to enlisted men must be countersigned by the commanding officer of each regiment or unattached company, or by his order, and they will be given only in cases of necessity, not as a privilege or compliment, and must be presented at the guard-house when returning to camp.
Between taps and reveille, unless otherwise ordered, all non-commissioned officers and men leaving or entering the camp must do so at the guard-house.
Patrols.
21. A patrol is a small detachment of two or more men detailed to observe and obtain informa- tion of the enemy, or to perform some special service connected with guard duty. Patrols are usually detailed from the guard, and receive their instructions from its commander.
22. If the patrol be required to go beyond the chain of sentinels, the officer or non-commis- sioned officer in command should be furnished with the countersign, and the outposts and sentinels warned.
23. If challenged by a sentinel, the patrol is halted by its commander, and the non-commis- sioned officer accompanying it advances alone, and gives the countersign.
Miscellaneous .
24. All officers will consider exactness of time at places of assembly as one of the first principles of military duty.
25. None other than the prescribed uniform will be worn.
26. "Full dress" does not mean full dress in every particular, save one or two, but means "full dress" throughout.
27. Whenever the blouse is worn by officers or enlisted men of this command, it will invariably be buttoned up when out of quarters.
28. Officers and men will be particular in salut- ing when out of camp.
29. Overcoats may be worn at reveille roll-call.
30. When on fatigue duty, fatigue uniform will be worn.
31. Officers and enlisted men on the sick report will not be permitted to go beyond the limits of the camp, except by the permission of their camp commander, after recommendation by the attend- ing medical officer.
32. Officers will not be permitted to put them- selves on the sick report, nor to report themselves for duty after having been on the sick report, except by authority of the medical officer who attends them.
33. All official business of a routine nature con- nected with the adjutant's office, will be transacted
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at the office during the morning hour and at 7 p. M. daily.
34. All company officers will attend the drills prescribed for their organizations, unless specially excused by their regimental commander.
35. All persons, of whatever rank in the service, are required to observe respect towards sentinels.
36. The salute of a sentinel will invariably be returned by the officer saluted.
37. Standing at attention by a sentinel, after the hour for challenging, is sufficient compliment to require its recognition, by a salute, from an officer in passing.
38. Any person entitled to compliment from a guard, who does not desire to have the guard formed for him, will, at the call of the sentinel at the guard-house designating his title, either salute or say loud enough to be heard by the sentinel: 4 ' Never mind the guard. ' '
39. Under no circumstances will the flag of a military post be dipped by way of salute or com- pliment.
40. If a member of the guard is taken sick, he should be sent to the hospital (under a non- commissioned officer in case of a private) with the guard sick report-book.
41. If taken on the sick report, the officer of the day will send him to report to the first sergeant of his company, that he has been relieved from guard by the commanding officer on account of sickness.
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42. A salute is a mark of honor, a compliment, or an expression of respect paid by individuals or nations to each other. They are also marks to celebrate great events. They are rendered by motions of the hands, by the roar of cannon and discharge of small arms, by the dipping of flags, the roll of drums, and the playing of music.
43. Salutes are divided into two classes, viz.: Personal Salutes, being those rendered to individu- als, and General Salutes, being those rendered to nations or their representatives, or to celebrate events of a national character.
The Drill Regulations say: "Courtesy among military men is indispensable to discipline; respect to superiors will not be confined to obedience on duty, but will be extended on all occasions."
The Army Regulations say: "All officers will salute each other on meeting, and in making or receiving official reports. A mounted officer dis- mounts before addressing a superior not mounted. In all cases the junior salutes first."
From the foregoing it will be seen that the salute is a courtesy and mark of respect. Among military people it is an evidence of discipline, and it may always be taken for granted that where officers and men of a command carry out the pro- visions regarding salutes, the discipline of that command will be most excellent. The salute is a mark between people of the same profession that indicates that they have a common bond, and it is
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as incumbent on the officer to return the salute, as it is on the enlisted man to give it. It is often asked: "Should the salute be given at all times?" and, " If a junior refuses to render the salute, who can compel him to?" In regard to the first, it may be said, that there is but one bond between gentlemen the world over, and the rendering of the salute to an officer must be considered in the light that gentlemen render courtesy to each other. In regard to the second question, it may be said that no one has the power to punish but the commanding officer, and to compel the salute carries with it the power of punishment in case of refusal. If a man or officer willfully refuses to give or acknowledge a salute, then the other party should report the case to the commanding officer, who, for the good of the service, may not only require the salute, but also may make such conditions regarding the giving of it as may make it punishment. When several soldiers pass an officer at the same time, they all salute when at six paces from the officer, holding the hand at the visor until the salute is acknowledged or the officer passed. On approach- ing an officer, and halting to receive an order, the salute is given, and repeated on retiring. If called at a distance, answer "Sir," and salute; and in replying, end it by "Sir," and the salute. The Drill Regulations and Army Regulations give nature, number, and time of all salutes; and if they were studied as much and as carefully as the
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manual of arms, there would not be the general ignorance and indifference on this subject that has existed.
A salute with cannon is a certain number of guns fired at certain intervals. The intervals should be five seconds between discharges for field guns, eight seconds for siege guns, and ten seconds for seacoast cannon. A salvo is the simultaneous discharge of two or more cannon, and corresponds to the volley of small arms. Only funeral salutes are fired with small arms.
All officers and non-commissioned officers should be addressed by their titles upon all occasions, except, at times when off duty, when familiarity is admissible between officers; but they should never address each other by their given names even then, but by their surnames. It is impossi- ble to prescribe to what extent the calling of each other by surnames is permissible among officers; that is something which must be determined entirely by their own good sense and the sur- rounding circumstances; but upon all occasions, when upon duty, or in the presence of enlisted men or of strangers, the proper title must be given to each and every officer when addressing him. Privates are always addressed by their sur- names, and never by their given names.
A colonel or a post commander who wishes to see one of his subalterns, says to his orderly:
2-N
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''''Give my compliments to Lieutenant So-and-So, and say I wish to see him at the office"
The orderly goes in search of the designated officer, and finding him, halts, stands at attention, salutes, and, if a well-instructed soldier, delivers his message in this wise: "The commanding offi- cer" s compliments, sir, and desires to see the Lieu- tenant at the office" and in like manner to an}^ officer.
An adjutant carrying an order or message from his commanding officer is, or should be, equally punctilious. If to a captain or lieutenant com- manding a company, he salutes with the hand, unless it be on drill or march, while swords are drawn: " Captain Brown, Colonel Smith directs that you send a sergeant and three men to guard the ammunition wagons " The answer should be: * ' Very well, sir, " or " Very good, sir. ' ' The junior should then salute.
The Soldiers on Guard.
44. Soldiers will not remove their clothing while on guard.
45. They will not leave the immediate vicinity of the guard-house without permission from the commander of the guard.
46. During his tour of guard duty a soldier is subject to the orders of the commanding officer of the camp, of his regiment, the field officer of the
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day, the officer of the day, officers and non-com- missioned officers of the guard only.
Officer of the G-uard.
47. The officer of the guard, while marching his guard to or from the guard-house, will salute general officers, the commanding officer, and the officer of the day, first bringing his guard to a carry. In the same way, he will also salute any person entitled to compliment from the guard.
48. Immediately after bringing his guard to an order at the guard-house, the commander of the new guard divides the guard into three reliefs,
first, second ', and third, from right to left, and directs a list of the guard to be made. The senti- nels and detachment of the old guard are at once relieved by members of the new guard. While this is doing, the two guards stand at rest, and the old commander gives to the new all necessary in- formation and instructions relating to the guard and its duties. The new commander then pro- ceeds to take possession of the guard-house, and the articles in charge of the guard. He dismisses his guard when the old guard has marched about fifty yards from its post after having ordered fix bayonets. If there be no arm racks, he will cause arms to be stacked.
49. The commander of a guard receives and obeys the orders of the officer of the day and the commanding officer of the camp, of his regiment,
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and the field officer of the day, and they only are entitled to inspect the guard, and will transmit to his successor all instructions and information relating to his post.
50. The commander of the guard will enter in the guard report a report of his tour of service, which he will present to the officer of the day on the completion of his tour. He will transmit, with his report, all passes turned in to the ser- geant of the guard.
51. The commander of the guard will see that the countersign is duly communicated to the sen- tinels at the proper time before twilight, or at the hour designated by the commanding officer. The countersign will not be given to the sentinel at the guard-house.
52. During the day, the guard of a camp or gar- rison turn out and present arms to a general officer, the commander of the post or camp, the field officer of the day, and the officer of the day.
53. Guards will turn out and present arms to officers entitled to the compliment as often as they pass.
54. All guards will turn out under arms wrhen armed parties approach their posts; to parties commanded by commissioned officers they will present arms, officers saluting.
55. The national and regimental colors passing a guard will be saluted, the trumpets or field music sounding a march.
56. When any person entitled to have the guard " turned out " passes a guard between reveille and retreat, the commander of the guard will see that it is promptly formed, if it be necessary to form it; the guard having been formed, he will receive the report of the sergeant of the guard, returning the salute of the latter with the right hand.
He will then draw his sword, and without dress- ing the guard, will place himself two yards in front of its center. When the person for whom the guard has been turned out approaches, the officer of the guard faces his guard, brings it to present arms, resumes his front and salutes, report- ing, if it be the commanding officer or officer of the day: "Sir, the guard is present ;" or, "Sir, the guard and prisoners are present;" or, "Sir, the guard is present and the prisoners are secure;" or, "Sir, (So and So] is absent" except that at guard- mounting, the officers of the guard simply salute, without making any report to the officers of the day.
When his salute is acknowledged, he will resume the carry, face about, and bring the guard to carry ', and resume his proper front.
57. If the person entitled to the compliment pass in rear of the guard, it does not salute, but stands at a carry; if he pass in front or on either side of the guard, it being already formed, the commander of the guard brings the guard to a present, and salutes, without reporting, as he passes.
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58. If a guard be commanded by a commissioned officer, no compliment will be paid to any officer not entitled to inspect it. A guard being in line, and not under inspection, a non-commissioned officer in command will salute all officers not en- titled to inspect the guard with the rifle salute, the guard standing at a carry.
59. Guards do not turn out as a matter of com- pliment after sunset, nor will any compliments be paid by them between retreat and reveille.
60. A guard may be turned out between retreat and reveille by direction of any person entitled to inspect it. The guard being formed, its com- mander will say, "Advance, (So and So}" adding, "'with the parole" if he deem it necessary. The person being duly recognized as an officer entitled to inspect the guard, the commander will present it as above described, except that he salutes and reports without bringing the guard to & present.
61. The sentinels at the post of the guard have orders not to permit enlisted men to pass without reporting; to warn the commander of the approach of an armed body; and to arrest all suspicious or disorderly persons.
62. It is the duty of the officer of the guard to see that the proper flag is hoisted.
63. The flag shall be hoisted at reveille and lowered at retreat. In case of storm, either of wind or rain, he will see that the storm flag is promptly raised.
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When practicable, a detail consisting of a non- commissioned officer and two privates of the guard, will be detailed to raise or lower the flag. This detail is formed in line, in side arms, and inarched to the staff, the non-commissioned officer, carrying the flag, in the center. The flag is then securely attached to the halyards, and if at reveille, is rapidly hoisted at the sounding of the first note of the reveille, or the first note of the march, if a march is played before the reveille. The halyards are then securely fastened to the cleat on the staff.
At retreat the flag is lowered at the sounding of the last note of the retreat. It is then neatly folded and the halyards are made fast. The de- tail is then marched to the guard-house, where the flag is turned over to the commander of the guard.
64. Prisoners will be paraded at reveille roll-call.
65. The guard will parade during dress parade in the same uniform as the battalion.
Sergeant of the Guard.
66. Immediately after guard-mounting, the ser- geant of the guard will prepare duplicate lists of the names, reliefs, and posts of all non-commis- sioned officers, musicians, and privates of the guard.
One list will be handed, as soon as possible, to the commander of the guard; the other will be retained by the sergeant.
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67. The sergeant of the guard has supervision over the other non-commissioned officers and the privates of the guard, and will familiarize himself with all orders and duties of corporals of the guard and of sentinels. He will see that the reliefs are turned out at the proper time, and that the corporals thoroughly understand and are zeal- ous and prompt in the discharge of their duties.
68. At orderly hour he will proceed to the adju- tant's office and obtain the guard report blank.
69. Upon the return of the soldiers having passes, the latter will be given to the sergeant of the guard, who will indorse upon them the time at which each of the parties included in a pass individually returns. At guard-mounting he will turn over all passes so received to the commander of the guard.
70. Whenever the guard is turned out, it is the duty of the sergeant of the guard to form it promptly. To form the guard, the sergeant, three yards in front of and facing its center, commands: "Fall in."
The guard falls in, facing to the front, with bay- onets fixed, in double ranks, and with arms at an order; the field music will form two yards to the right of the front rank.
The sergeant then commands: " i. Right shoul- der, 2. ARMS."
He then calls the roll, each man answering "Plere" and coming to order arms as his name is called.
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The sergeant then faces the commander of the guard, executes the rifle salute, and reports: "Sir, the guard is present;" or, "Sir, the guard and pris- oners are present;" or, "Sir, the guard is present and the prisoners are secure;" or, Sir, (So and So] is absent " Only men absent without permission are reported absent.
The sergeant will then take his place, without command, on the right of the front rank of the guard.
71. When the guard is turned out as a matter of compliment, calling the roll will be dispensed with. The same rule will apply whenever the guard is formed in a sudden emergency or on the approach of an armed party. In such cases the roll will be called before dismissing the guard.
Corporal of the Guard.
72. Corporals of the guard are assigned to re- liefs by the commander of the guard.
73. It is the duty of the corporal of the guard to post and relieve sentinels, and to instruct the members of his relief in their orders and duties.
74. Each corporal will make a list of the mem- bers of his relief, including himself. This list will contain the number of the relief, the name, com- pany, and regiment of every member thereof, and the post to which each is assigned. It will be made in duplicate, one copy to be given to the sergeant or senior non-commissioned officer of the
guard as soon as completed, the other to be re- tained by the corporal.
75. Before posting a relief, the corporal com- mands: "Call off" Commencing on the right, the men call off alternately, front and rear rank, one, two, three, four, and so on; if in single rank, they call off from right to left.
The corporal then commands: " I. Right, 2. FACE, 3. Forward, 4. MARCH."
In wet weather the relief may be marched at secure arms.
The corporal marches on the left, and near the rear file, in order to observe the march. The corporal of the old guard marches on the right of the leading file, and takes command when the last one of the old sentinels is relieved, changing places with the corporal of the new guard.
When the relief arrives at fifteen yards from a sentinel, he halts and faces toward it with arms at a carry. At six yards from him, the corporal commands: " i. Relief, 2. HAI/T."
The corporal then adds, according to the num- ber of the post: " i. No. (— ), 2. Port, 3. ARMS."
At the third command, the two sentinels come to port arms and approach each other.
The old sentinel, under the supervision of both corporals, whispers his special orders to the one taking post.
The corporals advance and place themselves, facing each other, a little in advance of the new
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sentinel, the old corporal on his right, the new corporal on his left, both remaining at a carry.
The orders having been communicated, the new corporal steps back two paces and commands the relief: " i. Forward, 2. MARCH."
As the relief passes, the corporals take their respective places and the old sentinel falls in in his place in rear.
76. The sentinels at the guard-house are the first relieved and are left behind.
77. The corporals, while posting their relief, will march at a right shoulder.
78. To post a relief at any other time than at guard-mounting, its corporal forms it by the com- mands: " i. (Such] relief, 2. FALI, IN."
The relief is formed in double rank facing to the front, with arms at an order and with bayo- nets fixed; the men will take place according to the number of their respective posts, viz.: one, three, five, and so on, in the front rank; two, four, six, and so on, in the rear rank. The corporal, standing about two yards in front of the center of his relief, then commands: " Call off "
The men call oft' as prescribed above. The cor- poral then places himself on the right of the front rank, and, executing the rifle salute, reports to the officer of the guard: " Sir, the relief is present '."
The relief having been inspected, the officer of the guard directs the corporal: "Post your relief ." The corporal salutes and posts his relief as above
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prescribed. The corporal will execute, with his relief, the command of the officer of the guard for inspection.
79. In posting reliefs, but one corporal goes with the relief, except the one of the new guard first posted after guard-mounting. In this case, the corporal will post his relief as above prescribed; returning, the corporal of the old guard will form the relief on the left of the old guard, and, salut- ing, report to the commander of his guard: "Sir, the relief is present, ' ' and will then take his proper place in the guard. The corporal of the new guard falls out as the relief halts.
80. To dismiss the old relief, except in the fore- going case, it is halted and faced to the front at the guard-house by the corporal of the new relief temporarily in command, who then falls out. The corporal of the old relief then places himself on the right of its front rank, and, saluting the com- mander of the guard, reports: " Sir, the relief is present. ' '
After inspection, the commander of the guard commands: "Dismiss the relief" The corporal, after saluting, commands: " i. Port^ 2. ARMS, 3. Dismissed."
81. Should any sentinel call for a "relief," the corporal will at once proceed to the post of such sentinel, taking with him the man next for duty on that post. If relieved for a short time only, the corporal will see that the sentinel relieved is
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again posted as soon as the necessity for his relief ceases.
82. A corporal of the guard receives and obeys orders from non-commissioned officers of the guard senior to himself, the officers of the guard, the officer of the day, and commanding officer of the camp, of his regiment, and the field officer of the day only.
83. Immediately before the hours for challeng- ing to begin, the corporal whose relief is on post will communicate the countersign to all the senti- nels of his relief, excepting those at the guard- house.
84. When challenged by a sentinel while posting his relief, the corporal will answer, "Relief"
At the sentinel's order to halt, the corporal commands: "i. Relief, 2. HAI/T," and at the order of the sentinel he advances alone to deliver the countersign or to be recognized.
When the sentinel says, "Advance, relief" the corporal commands: " i. Forward, 2. MARCH." If to be relieved, the sentinel is then relieved as prescribed above.
85. There should be at least one non-commis- sioned officer constantly on the alert at the guard- house, usually the corporal whose relief is on post. This non-commissioned officer takes post near the entrance to the guard-house, and does not fall in with the guard when it is formed. He will answer calls from the sentinels for the corporal of the
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guard. If called away, he will notify the sergeant of the guard before leaving the guard-house. If a sentinel calls for the guard, he will promptly notify the officer of the guard. He will see that no person enters the guard-house or crosses the post of the sentinel of the guard without proper authority. He will, at the proper time, notify this sentinel of the hour, if sentinels are required to call the hours or half hours of the night. He will wake the corporal whose relief is next on post in time for the latter to form his relief and post it at the proper hour.
86. As a general rule, he will advance parties approaching the guard at night in the same man- ner that sentinels on post advance like parties. Thus: The sentinel at the guard challenges, and reports the answer to his challenge to the corporal. The latter advances at port arms and says: "Ad- vance, (So and So], with the countersign" The countersign being correctly given, or the party being duly recognized, the corporal says: " The countersign is right. Advance, (S0 and So)" re- peating the answer to the sentinel's challenge.
The following are exceptions to this rule:
(i) In case the party challenged be entitled to inspect the guard.
Upon receiving the countersign, he will say: " The countersign is right," and will then call: " Turn out the guard," announcing the title of the officer challenged, without advancing him.
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Thus, if the answer to the challenge of the sen- tinel be "Officer of the day" the corporal advances toward the party challenged, and says : ' ' A dvance, officer of the day, with the countersign" The officer of the day, having given the countersign, the corporal says: " The countersign is right" and then calls: "Turn out the guard. Officer of the day."
(2) In case of the approach of an armed party, other than a returning relief or detachment of the guard itself, the corporal will call: " Turn out the gua rd. A rmed pa rty . ' '
Musicians of the G-uard.
87. Musicians of the guard are members of the guard, and are subject to the orders of the com- manding officer, of the camp, of their regiment, the field officer of the day, the officer of the day, officers and non-commissioned officers of the guard only.
88. They will remain at the guard-house during their tour, and will fall in with the guard when it is formed. They form on a line with the front rank, their left two paces from its right.
89. They will sound all calls prescribed by the commanding officer, and such other calls as may be ordered by proper authority, at such times and places as may be directed.
90. Should the guard be turned out for national or regimental colors, they will sound the march when the guard present arms.
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91. Musicians of the guard sleep at the guard- house.
Orders for Sentinels on Post.
92. A sentinel on post —
Will take charge of all government property in view.
Will walk his post in a military manner, keeping -constantly on the alert, observing everything that takes place within sight or hearing.
Will report every breach of orders or regulations which he is instructed to enforce.
Will repeat all calls made from posts more dis- tant from the guard-house than his own.
Will not quit his post until properly relieved.
Will receive, transmit, and obey all orders from, <and allow himself to be relieved by, the command- ing officer of the camp, of his regiment, the field .officer of the day, an officer of the day, an officer or non-commissioned officer of the guard only.
93. Sentinels on post are not required to halt, or change the position of their rifle, on arriving at the end of their posts, or to execute the "To the rear, march," precisely as described in the drill regulations, but may face about, while march- ing, in the way most convenient to them, and either to the right about, or left about, and at any part of the post, as may be best suited to the proper performance of their duties. They will carry their arms on either shoulder, but will never quit them.
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94- Sentinels will not engage in conversation not necessary to the discharge of their duties.
95. When calling for any purpose, or in commu- nicating with any person, a sentinel will take the position of port arms.
96. If a relief becomes necessary, by reason of sickness or other cause, the sentinel will call: "Relief, corporal of the guard, No. ( — )," giving the number of his post.
97. To call the corporal of the guard for any other purpose than relief, the sentinel will call: ' ' Corporal of the guard, No. ( — ) . ' '
When the relief arrives at fifteen yards from a sentinel, he halts and faces toward it with arms at a carry. At six yards from him, the corporal commands: " i. Relief, 2. HAI/T."
The corporal then adds, according to the num- ber of the post : "i. No. ( — ), 2. Port, 3. ARMS."
At the third command the two sentinels come to port arms, and approach each other. The old sentinel then gives the new sentinel his orders; both sentinels then come to a carry. The old sentinel then comes to a right shoulder when the relief does, and falls in in rear of the relief as it passes him.
98. In case of fire, a sentinel will cry: "Fire, No. (— )."
In case of disorder, cry, " The guard, No. ( — )." If the danger be great, he will discharge his piece before calling.
3-N
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99- At night, exercise the greatest vigilance. After taps, or such other hour as may be appointed by the commanding officer, until broad daylight, challenge all parties seen on or near the post, and allow no person to pass without proper authority.
100. Between taps (or the hour appointed by the commanding officer) and broad daylight, if a sen- tinel see any party on or near his post, he will ad- vance rapidly along his post towards such party, and when about thirty yards from it, will take the position of port arms (or if armed with the saber, of guard, except that the left hand is at the side), and challenge sharply: "Who comes there?"
101. Until duly recognized by countersign or otherwise, the sentinel will allow no one to approach nearer than within reach of his bayonet, a distance of about eight feet.
102. If there be two or more persons in the party challenged, the sentinel will suffer one only of such party to approach him for the purpose of giving the countersign. When this has been done, the whole party is advanced, i. e., allowed to pass.
Thus: If the answer be, "Friends," the sentinel will call: "Halt. Advance, one with the counter- sign." The countersign being given, the sentinel will say: "The countersign is right. Advance, friends. ' '
If the answer be, "Patrol," the sentinel will call: "Halt. Advance, one with the countersign;" then, ' ' The countersign is right. Advance, patrol"
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If the answer be, " Officer of the day and officer of the guard," the sentinel will call: "Halt. Advance, one with the countersign;" then, "The countersign is right. Advance, officer of the day and officer of the guard. ' '
If the answer be, "Officer of the day and friends, ' ' the sentinel will call: "Halt. Advance, one with the countersign;" then, "The countersign is right. Advance, officer of the day and friends."
If the answer be, "Relief," the sentinel will call: * **Halt. Advance, one with the countersign? ' then, "The countersign is right. Advance, relief."
And so in all similar cases.
If the answer to the sentinel's challenge indicates that one person alone is approaching, the proced- ure is the same in all cases. A single instance will illustrate. The answer being, "Friend with the countersign," the sentinel will call: "Advance, friend with the countersign;" then, "The counter- sign is right. Advance, friend."
103. In case a mounted party be challenged, be- fore advancing it, the sentinel will cause it to dis- mount, calling: "Dismount" after receiving an answer to his challenge. He then advances one with the countersign, according to the foregoing rules.
104. In all cases the sentinel will satisfy himself, before passing them, that the parties are what they represent themselves to be, and have a right to pass. If he be not so satisfied, he will cause
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them to stand, and call the corporal of the guard. So likewise if he have no authority to pass per- sons with the countersign, or when the party challenged has not the countersign, or gives an incorrect one.
105. After challenging and duly recognizing an officer, the sentinel, unless spoken to, stands at attention at a carry until the officer has passed him. If the officer, however, remains in the vicinity, the sentinel will resume walking his post.
1 06. A sentinel will not divulge the countersign to any one except the sentinel who relieves him, or to the person from whom he properly receives orders, on such person's order.
107. Sentinels will pass no one with the counter- sign, except commissioned officers and those with them. All other persons must pass in and out at Post i, during the hours of challenging. Any one but an officer attempting to enter with the coun- tersign must be at once halted, the corporal called, who will take him to the officer of the guard.
108. Should sentinels be required to call off the hours or half hours of the night, they will call successively in the numerical order of their posts, beginning at the guard-house, at the direction of a non-commissioned officer of the guard. No. i calls: No. I, (such} o'clock," after which each one, giving the number of his post, repeats the hour of the night, then adding: "All's well." Thus, "No. 2, eleven o'clock. All's well." This call
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should be made, and the number of the post and the hour announced, in a clear and distinct man- ner, without unduly prolonging the words. In case any sentinel fails to call off, the one next preceding him will repeat the call; if he does not hear the next sentinel take it up within a reason- able time, he will call the corporal of the guard and inform him of the facts. After the call has passed around the chain of sentinels, No. i will call : ' * No. I, all's well. ' '
109. The sentinel at the guard-house, between taps (or the hour appointed by the commanding officer) and broad daylight, will challenge all parties who approach the guard-house, or attempt to cross his post, but unlike other sentinels he will advance no one. After receiving an answer to his challenge, he will call: "Halt. Corporal of the guard, (So and So}," repeating the answer to his challenge. He will not in such cases repeat the number of* his post. He remains in the position assumed in challenging until the corporal of the guard turns out and advances the party challenged, •when he resumes walking his post, unless the party be entitled to a salute; the sentinel will in this case stand at attention at a carry. As soon as the compliment is recognized, he resumes walking his post.
no. Between retreat and the hour appointed for challenging to begin, and between broad daylight and reveille, he will call: " Corporal of the guard,
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No. I" on the approach of any person entitled to compliment, and will stand at attention at a carry if any officer pass him.
in. A sentinel placed over the colors will not permit them to be moved, except in the presence of an armed escort.
112. He will allow no one to touch them but the color-bearer, or a non-commissioned officer of the guard when he is accompanied by two armed men.
113. He will see that every person crossing the color line salutes the colors. In case any person fails to pay this mark of respect to the colors, he will call the corporal of the guard, and inform him of the case.
Saluting1.
114. Between reveille and retreat, salute with a present all officers, national and regimental colors, that pass within saluting distance .
115. Between retreat and reveille, except when challenging, face outward, and stand at attention at a carry, when an officer passes.
116. Saluting distance is the limit within which individuals and the insignia of rank can be readily recognized; this is assumed to be about thirty yards. Officers will be saluted whether they be in uniform or not.
117. Sentinels will salute an armed party com- manded by a commissioned officer. The present is given as the officer in command approaches,
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and is maintained until he has passed. The sen- tinel then stands at attention at a carry until the whole party has passed.
118. An armed party under the command of a non-commissioned officer is not saluted. The sentinel will, however, stand at attention, facing outward with arms at a carry, while such a party passes.
119. To salute, a sentinel halts, facing in the direction in which he was walking, brings his piece to a carry upon halting, and then faces out- ward. This is done when the approaching officer or party arrives at a distance of about thirty yards from the sentinel. If he approach along the post, the present will be given when the officer arrives at a distance of about six yards. If he pass in front of the sentinel, but not along the post, he is saluted just before he passes the sentinel's front. If he cross the post, he is saluted just before he crosses. If he pass in rear, he is not saluted, but the sentinel stands at attention, facing outward.
120. If an officer or group of officers approach and remain on or near a sentinel's post without coming under any of the conditions described in last paragraph, the sentinel will continue to walk his post, and will salute .the officer or group of officers, as he passes them, with the rifle salute. The sentinel in repassing the same officer or group of officers will not again salute or pay any further compliment.
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121. The sentinel at the guard-house salutes in every way as prescribed above.
122. Between reveille and retreat, in addition to the salutes rendered by him, he will, on the ap- proach of an armed body of troops or a person entitled to the compliment, call: " Turn out the guard" and announce who approaches. The guard will not be turned out for troops at drill when they pass the guard-house.
123. The guard will be turned out for national or regimental colors.
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY