Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. at a - nia 7) : cee vw, ae 7 i _ F « _ \ : : = Oe . i - Fo ae i 7 e | Lg i | > : - ; 7 q _ 5 ee .. if - rae re ee Oy en a Fe oe aan ; vA) By hie | © SUea he ce =) 1a Veo “ip 5 *w a > i oe 5 Stas Se i - 7 a d ve rt a _ - 7 ey _ 7 a -_! & oO Pate i _ ia ! 7 “¢ = _ fa 7 S = + oI I 4 - ») Deer. i ‘P a i fe q 7 tf Mi by « RP ile Biss fy eae : Gata : “Pe Cait. oe ihe * APHIS 91-12 July 1973 NATIONAL TICK SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM Calendar Year 1972 = _— a N SQY¢ yy Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Prepared by Veterinary Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Hyattsville, Md. 20782 NATIONAL TICK SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM CALENDAR YEAR 1972 During calendar year 1972 the collection 1971. There were 3,645 species collections in and submission of ticks from native and im- 1972, compared with 4,247 in 1971. ported animals were 14 percent less than for THE ALICE, TEXAS BOOPH/LUS OUTBREAK On August 22, 1972, cattle fever ticks (Boophilus sp.) were found on cattle in a livestock market at Alice, Tex. As a result of this disclosure, by the end of 1972 a total of 64 infestations were detected, 63 in Texas and one in Imperial County, Calif. The infestations in Texas involved a county 400 miles northwest of Alice, another 300 miles northeast, and another county 100 miles west of Alice. Parts of six counties in the Alice area have been placed under both State and Federal quarantine. A total of 85 State and Federal inspectors has been assigned to the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Task Force, Alice, Tex. The duties of the per- sonnel involved in this program include: (1) in- spection to determine location of infested pre- mises, (2) carrying out inspection for move- ment, and (3) tracing movements from infested and exposed premises. The Boophilus outbreak in the Alice, Tex., area is the most serious ‘’break’’ in the protec- tive quarantine zone in more than 30 years. State and Federal regulatory personnel are con- tinuing a very active program in 1973 to contain and eradicate all infestations connected with the Alice tick outbreak. In addition to unexpected tick outbreaks such as the one at Alice, each year a number of tick infestations are expected to be found in the quarantine zone separating Texas from Mexico. The United States maintains a permanent quar- antine zone or barrier along the Rio Grande River to protect the cattle fever tick free area of Texas from the tick infested area of Mexico. For example, during the last half of calendar year 1972, 33 infestations of Boophilus ticks were found in eight counties along the Rio Grande River. This activity is comparable to the same period of time in the preceding year. GULF COAST TICK IN OKLAHOMA An unusually heavy outbreak of Gulf Coast of 1972. Entomologists from Oklahoma State ticks (Amblyomma maculatum) was reported University found the ticks on livestock in at from Oklahoma during the spring and summer least 15 counties in the State. The Gulf Coast tick isa common parasite of livestock along the Gulf Coast but has seldom been a problem at distances greater than 100 miles inland. However, when infestations were detected in Mayes County, Okla., in 1963 an effort was made to determine if the tick had become established. Collections of A. macu- /atum were made by Veterinary Services person- nel from the same farm in Mayes County in 1963, 1967, 1968, and 1971. By 1968 it was apparent that this tick was established in Wagoner, Rogers, Craig, and Mayes Counties. CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF TICKS The establishment of A. maculatum in northeastern Oklahoma is another instance in which a species of tick thought to be confined to a limited geographical area was able to make adaptations for survival and propagation in a geographical area quite different from where it originated. A second example is the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) which was origi- nally a tropical species but is now commonly found in the northern States. Although the brown dog tick is unable to survive the winter outdoors in the northern States, it has adapted very well to survival in centrally heated houses and kennels. It can become a serious pest of dogs and cause real concern to the owner. The spinose ear tick (Otobius megnini) is a third species which has extended its geographical distribution. Originally a native of the south- western United States and Mexico, it is now established in South America, Africa, India and Madagascar. It was carried to these distant areas in the ears of the livestock hosts. Until recently, the spinose ear tick was thought to be estab- lished in the United States only in the dry, arid, southwestern States. Records now confirm that the tick is a problem in several northwestern States as well as British Columbia. It is also known to be established in at least one county in eastern Tennessee. THE VIRGIN ISLANDS TICK ERADICATION PROGRAM The livestock owners of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, have maintained an interest in a Boophilus micropl/us eradication program since the early 1960's. Studies were begun in 1962 to determine the role the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) plays as a potential host for B. microplus. These efforts were expanded from 1964 to 1967 with studies by the South- eastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study. Final eradication plans were formulated in 1970, and supervisory personnel and equipment arrived on St. Croix in 1971. Construction of necessary facilities was completed in 1971. Dipping commenced on the eastern end of the island in January 1972. Unfortunately the dip- ping operation had to be suspended in March 1972 when it became apparent that efforts to control movement of livestock and green forage from other areas of the island were ineffective. REPORT OF ALL TICKS COLLECTED CALENDAR YEAR 1972 ] Ts / / j Hietnrel,} ; / [SS | & | STATE : / a / a ip. af =i /E5 & / / [a / / /: X/s /§ §s5/8932/28 ° (3) / [= iS Ny v/ a / TOTAL »645 |2,223| 194 620 140 | 201 267 Alabama | 20 7|_ 2 SAE Aloska the) 1 Arizona joa5t| 13 | 4 2 2 1 17 Arkansas 146 | 117| 5 21 3 California 10 4 l 1 $ Colorado 97 i 6] 58 | 8 20 12 1 4 Connecticut 1 | be Delaware 2alk 1 Homes Florida Au | ened el eee isle ae T Georgia | 24 12 1 3 8 | | | Howaii | | Idaho ile 1| | | Illinois 4 | | sal | | ] Indiana | 2 2} | | | } | lowa | | | | Konsas 6 | 3} 1 2 ] Kentucky 3 | | 3 | Louisiana 53 | 7| 2 43 1 : Maine | | | Maryland 1 1} | | | =| Massachusetts | 8 1 7 | Michigan | [ | Minnesota | | L | i Mississippi 14 | 3 4 1 1 j 7 T = Missouri 37| 2b Gila Montano 7 | } 2 3 2 | | Nebraska | 6 5| 1 | | | ] ] Nevada | 3 1 il 1 | t New Hampshire | if if New Jersey | 16 1 14 mal New Mexico 6 5 1 - - + + New York 13 He a 12 North Carolina 4 | 3 )) 17 | North Dakota Ohio 6 3 1 1 1 Oklahoma 51 38) 7 2 2 2 Oregon 18 i ee, Alt Pennsylvania 1 1 Rhode Island South Carolina 45 44 South Dakota 2 5 1 Tr ennessee 17 14 1 | Texas 2,268| 1,697 53 | 237 26} 30 | 225 Utah + T Vermont 1 1 Virginia 1 1 2 4 = Washi ‘ashington u il 8 | 2 West Virginia Wisconsin 1 1 1 T Wyoming Puerto Rico 135 90 Z 33 | 8 1 Virgin Islands 164 28} 1/ 86| 21| 28 TICK COLLECTIONS FROM ALL HOSTS Calendar Year 1972 ALASKA HAWAII erat ane oF 3 eh US. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-VETERINARY SERVICES ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE STATE TOTAL Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Howaii Idaho Illinois Indiana lowa Konsos Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts 43 y x a) Bw Ly / cA REPORT OF TICKS COLLECTED a easy or oa & BY Si / 8h ER ears PERIOO HOST CALENDAR YEAR 1972 NATIVE WILDLIFE 3) YE) Ge} | Yes SS// 5) y a/el/ xfeF / 278) x/3 a Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York 1 North Carolina North Dakota Ohio 1 Oklahoma 2 a ee 4 + Oregon 5 D D =! a ees 3p | 1 Pennsylvania = Coa Sais al Rhode Island | } South Carolina 4b 32D 2D South Dokota ea at | Tennessee row 4 1Bcr T BC4CO 2p i Texas 30 1D ip |} 1D (aa R re Utah = hic a faites Vermont Virginia 4 3D Washington West Virginia Wisconsin al Wyoming Puerto Rico Virgin Islands 28 Key to Host A BC Armadillo Bobcat Badger Bird Coyote Deer Elk Fox FS Fox squirrel PO Opossum R_ Rabbit RC Raccoon SK Skunk T Tortoise W Wolf WS Weasel Key to Species Berean Ixodes sculptus Amblyomma tuberculatum Ixodes banksi Ixodes brunneus Amblyomma inornatum S0IAYSS NOILI3dSNI HLIW3SH LNW 1d ONY TOWING SADIAYSS AYVNIYSLIA-SYNLINIINYSOY JO LNIWLYvd350 SN) LOC -[&}0]1 uyor ys SeWwOUL 3S SGNV1SI NIDHIA Go ~ "i GE See er caer vySsv1v CLGL AB9A ABpuajesy ASITQ MIM JAILVN WOUYd SNOILDITIOO HOIL STATE PERIOD HOST REPORT OF TICKS COLLECTED 9 BS) SJ Sy % 4, g Js sk 3/o// x/2 : I ale TOTAL {2,223 | 411 Alabama 7 Alaska Arizona SNS Arkansas 117 | 106 California 4 1 Colorado 6 Connecticut Delaware 1 Florida 131 9 1 89 Georgia 12 8 | A Howaii aI. aI Idaho 2 (eer as Mlinois fis Indiana 2 1 lowa Konsas 3 Kentucky Louisiana 7 2 1] j= Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri pmoniana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire == New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania a —— Rhode Island South Carolina 1 1 South Dakota [eel cei he. Tennessee 16| 8 Texas 1,697 | 229| 311 8 358 Utoh Vermont Virginia 1 Washington 1 | West Virginio Wisconsin | Fill wal il fal |] Wyoning Bannan Smee ieeh Puerto Rico Virgin Islands ke ead Key to Species n Amblyomma inornatum B39IAY3S NOILD3IdSNI HLIWSAH LNW 1d ONY IWWINY SADIANYSS AYVWNIYSLIAAN-SYNLINIIYSOY JO LNIAWLYWd30 SN E277 -1e30L uyor "ys sewoul 3S SGNV1SI NIDYIA yysv1Vv ZLEL ABBA sepusjeg JTILLVID WOYS G3ALIITION SHIIL 4 BRRIOD HOST 200 ANIMALS and MISCEL- REPORT OF TICKS COLLECTED CALENDARTYERR E972 LANEOUS HOST (Human, Sheep, gy S 2 Pry ¥ Ay EL] Q° x} / SIX Wea /¥ 2/8/ | x/3 Aloske res a en eae (Sara ee cre hae 2 ee | Ee ee ee ae a ee hha eae FE 7 ON A ee i Arkansas 21 169 3Y Californie a a eae eee c Calorede a es a ee wef Lt ts fad 12s Delaware 1 ee Ul 1X Ea Florida 3 1H es ee ee ae Geers a ee a We a Howaii | | Idaho 1 pat Ilinois 4 irr® aaa i aad a eee | lowa Alabama 1ES | Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Mossachusetts Michigon Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana 2 + na Nebraska Nevada 1 JE oa bt New Hampshire New Jersey | New Mexico 1 pat New York at North Carolina Laine Paes Nor Dakota ear Ohio 1 Oklahoma 2 —E LT hee Oregon 4 — — Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota 3 es 1Y 1cH° (a a Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginio Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Key to Host Key to Species B Bat Q Host not given a Argas sanchezi BA Boa constrictor RT Rat c Rhipicephalus pulchellus Cc Cat S Sheep £ Amblyomma dissimile CH Chicken TI Two-toed sloth g Amblyomma varium ES Elephant schrew X Inanimate object h Haemaphysalis sp. G Goat Y Swine j Amblyomma testudinis 8 H Human ZS Zebra skin m Amblyomma variegatum I Iguana o Argas sp. p Argas radiatus ADIAYN AS NOILO3SdSN!I HLIW3H INV 1d ONY TWWINYG SIDIAYATS AYVNINSLIA-SYNLINIIYSOY JO INIJWLYWd3aG SN VASV1V CLE6L ARVA ACpusjey SLSOH SNOANVTISDSIN GNV STIVWINV OOZ WOYS G4193T7109 SHIIL PERIOD HOST REPORT OF TICKS COLLECTED DOGS Gg STATE %, ed sf Js sis ora 19 [| a [| os] 2] =| et = eal =p aa a —_. tot rep cima 3 Arizona Aes | Se aa eee ss ed i a ss ee fe Sie eS ae ea) Colorado 58 2 | wl Connecticut 1 (cl | a Florido 7 ae eae + Georgia 1 Howat | al es Os AEE) 2 Hh Ilinois Indiana | lowa [ Kansas 1 a ea Kentucky 3 ILE Sp Barz) tet = Maine on Maryland Massachusetts ss Lee —_— + === Michigan | eS a Minnesota + Mississippi 4 raza Sr) es Missouri 6 5 Montano 2 =| smi Ih | ee Ee a Nebraska L + 4 mrs ae Nevado =. | —— New Hampshire eS Ee | + New Jersey 1 New Mexico [ tt —— et 4 New York rea = aes North Carolina 3 pe North Dakota to Ohio 3 Oklahoma 7 s +a =I xo! 4 Oregon 8 Pennsylvania 1 Rhode Island Jb South Carolina South Dakota 1 ee ee ae + Tennessee 1 Texas 53 5 1 3 2 a Urok RHEE Vermont ace Virginio Washington West Virginio ae Wisconsin 1 | een Wyoming a eae: he i) ae ee il ae, ee ee ela Key to Species b Ixodes sculptus 10 d Ixodes kingi SDIANY]SS NOILIAdSNI HLIW3IH LNW 1d ONY IWWINY SADIANYAS AYVNIYDSLIAAN-SYNLINIIBVSOYW JO LNIWLYWd30 SN 6L uyor "ys sewoUul 3S SGNV1S!I NIDSYIA IIWMVH VASV IV ZLGL 489A Aepuayed S$D0d WOU G31931109 SOIL 11 PERIOD HOST REPORT OF TICKS COLLECTED HORSES and MULES gy > Z & Alaboma Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado ie i) [OS - Connecticut a Delaware Florido 233 Georgia 2 Hew (ae ++-+-+4- is aes |e ed wal Indiana nm i BY ewes ee a Kansas Kentucky ote Louisiana eae Maine el ie Sia eS Waryland a a so Pasa eh l — t Mossochvsetts ede ea Val fa Michign (ike | Pal ee. Ie Minnesota MCs Soe ales) ee oe en | a Wissou DMM Ae eis ie ee a a Ee HS ind Nebrasko Rie} Pe itd ee Nevada | i a a a ae a New Hampshire eet [coral ea noel cae || ee al New Mexico + |e | mmm s ae (ean eae i i a ee ha North Carolina ae a0 fae a ea North Dakota Ohio all (eal = Oklahoma 2 1 pe Ihe eo ae ee —- “passe Oregon cea Pennsylvanig r “ile Rhode Island =| zx oe Ee South Carlie 2 a er tial PL eae South Dakar ee Tennessee al (ara (ee. | Pra fe aes rote 2 nee eee Seb Se Uroh Fae a a | Es Phe Bi hee ee SS a PE La Virginie Be Se aN ee ee eee) FO Woshingon | |_| (ee DE a (a Ph IS) West Visini ee ee ee eee Wisconsin a a a ae a ea ——S—— SS Poste Rico 33 Virgin lalonds ae i ae ee eee Key to Species n Amblyomma inornatum 12 ADdIAY SS NOILI3AdSNI HLIW3H LNW Id ONY TIWAWINY SADIAY TS AYVNIYSLSIA-SYNLINIIYOYW JO INIWLYWd30 SN 029 -J830L uyor "ys SeEWOUL “IS SGNV1SI NIDYIA Fee f nueo reney Mista aiding Gua Maresyi an WMH VASVIV eeFe ZLG6L 429A ABpusjey SJINW GNV SASHYOH WOU 0319371109 SHDIL 13 STATE REPORT OF TICKS COLLECTED PERIOD TLCKS FOUND ON ANIMALS OFFERED FOR ENTRY CALENDAR YEAR 1972 THE UNITED STATES op | 2 yy le S Se) / S8// Sa: Of s/ / Io) / 9/2 x/e/ / Sof / x/e INTO Brownsville TOTAL | 267 ARIZONA Douglas 5 Nogales 6 Phoenix ae Tucson 5 CALIFORNIA Calexico 1 San Diego 3 COLORADO Denver 4 ruonioA janes | Miami 4 1E 1 al ze LOUISIANA we New Orleans 1 1X ier | ni a xa YORK Sd a ee ee masivormes ia [ian || Al cea TOUS |” |_|) ee a a TEXAS iy i Del Rio 16 3B0 | 230 1050 Eagle Pass El. Paso 50 | Laredo 57 1 7 BO 2D 2280 | 2280 Presidio ' hi 14 Key to Host Anteater Animal trophies Bighorm sheep Bovine Canine Deer Equine Hedgehog Inanimate object Zebra SKE OC BEAR ***Includes quarantine station at Clifton, N. J. Key to Species Rhipicephalus pulchellus Argas radiatus Amblyomma splendidum Rhipicephalus evertsi Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Boophilus decoloratus Amblyomma pictum Rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus Hyalommna rufipes Dermacentor hunteri Dermacentor parumapertus MxXECccCorHHOVOE 3JDIAYAS NOILOIdSN! Hi 13H LNY Id ONY IWWING SADIAYN AS AYVNIY SALSA SNL INDIYOW JO LNIWLYWd30 uyor yg SPWwOUL “IS SGNV1SI NIDYIA Nee Aes So : meccee miei eer Ror RR Ee Ee VASV1V ZLGL 429A ABpusjey NOILVLYOdWI! YO4 G3H3440 STIVIWWINY NOYS G31931109 SHDIL sn 15 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service SOSPAGE AND EECOERIG Hyattsville, Maryland 20782 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Bh i AGR 101 Official Business Penalty for Private Use, $300