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SPECIAL COLLECTlONsIJi

t)OUQLAS
LibRARy

queeN's UNiveRsiT:y

AT kiNQSirON
Presented bu

From the Lib. of John E. Gov

June 1968
klNQSTON ONTARIO CANAt)A

/■ .

THE

Natural Hiftory

Coffee, 7^C h o c o l a t e.
Thee, ^ (T o b a c c o»

In four feveral Scdlions ;

WITH A

TRACT

OF

Elder and Juniper-Berries,

Shewing how Ufeful they may be in Our

COFFEE-HOVSES:

And alfo the way of n^tking

M U M ,■

With fome Remarks upon that L I Q^U O R.

Colleared from the Writings of the ocfl Phyficians,
and Modern Travellers.

L 0 M D 0 N :

-Vrmcd [or ChnPp/jcrmikujfi^, ,: die Blc^c^ Boy oyer
againit St. DunjlaHs Church m Fleetjj^eet, 1681.

^^C<?/ U.Nly'

THE

Natural Hiftory

o F

COFFEE.

SECT. I.

0 FFE E is faid to be a fort of Arahian
Bean, called Boft, or Ban in the Eaftern
Countries , the Drink made of it is na-
med Coaiay or Chauhe over all the Turkijh
Dominions. Profper Alpinus (wholiv'dAIpiBus i/*
feveral years in /Egypt) aflures us that he favv the Tree ^^^^^' ^^^^
it felf, which he compares to our Spindle Tree^ or Prick- ^""^' ^' *^*
wocd, only the Leaves were a little thicker, and harder,
befidcs continually Green. This Tree is found in the
Def.irts of Arabia, in feme parts oiPcrfia and India, the
Seed or Berry of which is called by the Inhabitants
Buncho, Bon, and Ban, wliich being dry'd, and boylU
with Water, is the mod Univcrfal Drink in all the Tur-
kiJJ; , and feveral Eafteni Countries , where Wine is
publickly forbid ; it has been the moft anticnt Drink of

Dr. Mundy de
potklintis. p.

Taverniers
TravelSt p. i.

Olearius, Am
biffidors Tra-
vels of Perfia.
lib, 6. p. 224.

Dr. Wiliis

^harmaceut.

Jl?e Natural Hijlory bECT. 1.

the Arahians , and fome will have the jus nigrum Spar-
tanorum, the black Broth of the Spartans, to have been
the fame with our Coffee : the Per/tans at this day do
tipple as much Coffee- off as the Turks thcmfclves. Ta-
njernier in his Defcription of If^ahan ( the Metropolis of
Perfia) is very jocofe and merry, when he comes to dc-
fcribe the famous Coffee-Houle of thatCiry; he fays,
that the wife S ha Ah as cbferving,great numbers of Per-
fians ta refort to that Houfe daily, and to quarrel very
much about State-afEiirs , appointed a Monllah to be
there every day betimes to entertain the Tohacto-ivhif-
fers, and Coffee-Gaffers with a point of Law, Hiflory,
or Poetry ; after which, the Moullah lifes up, a-nd makes
Proclamation that every man muft retire, and to his bu-
fmefs : upon which they all obferve the Moullah, who is
always liberally entertain'd by the Company. Olearius
■ does alfo fpeak of the great diverfions made in their
Coffee-Houjes of Perfia by their Poets,, and Hiflorians,
who are feated in a higli Chair, from whence they make
Speeches, and tell Satyricai Stories, playing in the mean
time with a litde {tick, and the fame gejttures, as ouj:
Juglers and Legerdemain-men do in England!.

As for the qualities and nature of Coffee, our own
Countryman, Dr. Willis, has publiflid a very rational.
Account, whofc great lleputation and Authority are of
no fmall force ; he lays, that in feveral Headachs, Diz-
zinefs, Lethargies, and Catarrhs, where there is a grofs
habit of Body, and a cold heavy Conllirution, there
Coffee may be proper, and fuccefsful ; and in thefe cafes
he fent his Patients to the Coffee-Houfe rather than to the
Apothecaries Shop : but where the temperament is hotr
and lean, and adivc, there Coffee m^y not be very agree-
able, becaufe it may difpofc the Body to inquietudes,
and ieannefs. The Dr. maker one unlucky obfervation
Qf this Drink, which I am airaid wiU cow our Citizens

from

Sect.I. 0/ coffee. T

from ever medling with it hereafter, that it often makes
men Paralytick , and does fo flacken their firings, as
they become unfit for ihe fports, and exercifes of the
Bed, and their Wives recreations; to confirm which, I
will quote here two Precedents out of the mofl Learned
Olcanusy who fays; that the Perjians are of an opinion o!canus, jm-
that Coffee allays their natural heat, for which reafon biffidors ''J.-
they drink it, that they may avoid the charge, and in- Jerfia? /ITf.
conveniences of many Children : nay, the Perftans are
fo far from diffembling the fear they have thereof, that
fome of them have come to the Hdjlein Phyfician of
that Embafl'y, for Remedies to prevent the multiplica-
tion of Children, but the Doctor being a merry bold
Germany anfwered the Perfians, that he had rather help
them to get Children, than to prevent them. This molt
fiimous Okarius ( that made fo many curious, and ac-
curate Obfervations in his Travels) tells us of a Perfian
King, named Sultan Mahomet Cajwiny who Reigned in
Per[ui before Tamerlane's time, that was fb accuilomed
to drinking of Cahiva, or Coff'ee^ that he had aw uncon-
ceivable averfion to Women , and that the Qneen flan-
ding one day at her Chamber Window, and perceiving
they were about gelding a Horle, ask'd fome (landers
by, why they treated lb handfom a Creature in that
manner; whereupon anfwer was made her, that he was.
too fiery and mettlefome, therefore they refolv d to de-
prive him of his generative faculty : the Queen reply'd,
that trouble might have been fpar'd, fince Cafnva, or
, -Coffee y would have wrought the fameefFeft, the experi-
ment being already try'd upon the King her Husband.
. This King left a Son, cali'd Mahomet y after him, asour oi-afk^;. .
. mofl grave and fliithful Traveller does alTureuSj who^
being come to the Crown, commanded that great Poetr[;.;iu7y
Ilakim Fardaiifiy to prefent him with fome Vcrf:s, for !\ ^-i^.
every one of which the So^hy j:rQniifed him a Ducat ;

6 The 1>laturd Hijlory Sect. I.

the Poet iti a ihort time made fixty thoufand, which at
this day are accounted the befl that ever were made in
Ferjiay and Hakim Fardaufi efleem'd the VoetLai^reat of
the Eall ; the Treafurers thinking it too great a fum for
a Poet, would have put him off with half, whereupon
Fardatifi made other Verfes, wherein he reproach'd the
King with Avarice, and told him, he could not be of
Royal Extradion, but muft be rather defcended from
a Shoemaker, or a Baker : Mahomet being netled, made
complaint to the Queen his MoLher,who fufpcding that
the Poet had difcovered her Amours , ingenioufly con-
felled to the King her Son, that his Father being Impo-
tent through his excefTive drinking of Cakva, or Co fee,
ilic fancied a Baker belonging to the Court, and faid, if
it had not been for the Baker, the young King had never
been what he was ; lb left the bufmefs ihould take wind,
the Poet got his full reward. But let us return a little into
our old ferious road.

Coffee is faid to be very good for thofe, that have ta-
ken too much Drink, Meat, or Fruit, as the Learned
Schxoitx\ zip- Schroder will inform you, as alfo againft iliortnefs of
P^'' • P- 24-. -QiQ^xh, ai.id Rheum, and it is very famous in old obftrii-
rrofp. Alpinus £tions, fo that ail the /Egyptian, and Arabian Women,
w^il^f^' ^^^ obfcrv'd to promote their Monthly courfes with
FUnt.^gypti- Coffee, and to tipple conftantly of it all the time they
ac. ap^ 1 18. -j^ are flowing, for which we have the undoubted authoricy
MoHenbrock. of Pro/per Alpinus, who fpent feveral years amongfl
di Aithrit. them. It is found to eafc the running Scorbutick Gout,
P^^u^r"'"^' or Rhcumatifm, as MoIIenhrcccim has affirmed.

As for the manner of preparing Coffee, it is fo eafie,
and fo commonly known, that we need not mention it,
only we may obfervc, that fom.e of the Afiatick Nati-
ons make their Coffee of the Coat, or Husk of the
Berry, whick they look upon to be much ftrongcr, and
more cfiicacious than the Berry it felf, fo that they take

Sect.I. 0/ coffee. y

a lefs quantity of it ; but the Europeans do peel and
take off the outward skin of the Berries, which being
\o prepared, are Bak'd, and Burnt, afterwards grinded
to Powder ; one Ounce of which they mix commonly
with a Pint and a half of hot Water, which has been
boyl'd half away, then they are digefled together, till
they are well united.

ThQ Laplanders prepare a very good Drink out o[ mjiory of Up'
Juniper-Berries, which fome prefer before either Coffee^ '*"''•
or Jhee^ of which Berries we will Difcourfe in a Trad
at the end of thefe Sheets.

THE

s

THE

Natural Hiftory

O F

THEE

T

SECT. II.

HIS Herb Thee is commonly found in China,
Japan^ and (bme other Indian Countries, the
Chinefes call it Thee, the Japonians Tchia, that
of Japan is eflcem'd much the befl,one pound
Nicol. Tulpii of it being commonly fold for lOo pounds, ^sTulpius
ohUrvat. Med. informs US from feveral great m^n, that have been Am-
1 .4.C. o. |5^(]^^^(jj.g^ ^„^ Refidents in thofe parts, fothatmoflof
the Thee, which is brought into Europe , comes from
China, and that too of the worfl kind, which cannot but
decay in fo long a Voyage, for the Dutch have been ob-
fcrv a to dry a great quantity of Sage, whofe Leaves be-
ing rowl'd up like 7'hee , w^ere carried into China by
oidenburgs them undcr the name of a moft rare Eur op (E an Herb, for
vhiiof. Tranf- ^.^^^ pound of this dty'd Sage the Dutch rcceiv'd three
ac. n. 14. pQyj^jg q£ j-^^^ from thc Chinefes, as Theucnct informs

us.

Sect. II. 0/ THEE. ^

us, there is a great Controverfie amongfl the HcrbaHfls,
to what Claflis this Thee may be rcduc'd, Bonthu com- Bonrfus'^r Mi-
pares it to the Leaves of our Wild Daify; for which Si- f^^'^^ ^'^^''^'
mon Pauli is very angry with him, and gives very ftrong ' ' ^* ^'^^'
Arguments, that Thee is the Leaves of a fort of Myrtle, simon'PauH^^
for out of the Leaves of Myrtle, a Liquor may be made, '^"^^y p. 19,10.
refembUng Thee in all quahties, therefore the Jefuite Tri- Trigautius di
gautim is of an opinion, that feveral of our Eur ope m ^?i"<^ chinx,
Forrefls and Woods do abound with a true Thee, it be- ' ' ^*
ing obferv'd to grow in great plenty in Tartary (which
lies under the lame Climate with many Countries of
Europe,) from whence, fome Learned men think, it
came Originally, for it has not been long known to the
Chhejes, they having no antientname, or Hieroglyphick Simon Pauii.-jV
Characters for 77;^^, and Cha being an antient Tartarian ^'^^^' P* *5-
Word, befides it is known to feveral Merchants, that
a great quantity of Thee is brought yearly out of Tarta^
ry mio Perfia, we are all acquainted with the fe- olearius, ^«.
veral great Conquefts, which the Tartars have made in bupdo^sTra-;
China, fo that the Chitiefes have had feveral opportuni. "^^'^ ^\ ^^^^^^'
ties of learning the ufe of Thee from the Tartar s^ in-^"
whofc Country it is obfcrv'd to be in great plenty, and
of little value ,- yet the Inhabitants of China and J.ipan
have a great cfleem, and opinion of it, where they are
as much em.ploy'd, and concern d for their Harvcfl: of
Thee, (\^ hich is in Spring) as the Europeans are for their
Vintage, as feveral Jefuits inform us in their Oblcrvati- pj^Hgr^-j-rrr-
ons ot China : for the Noblemen, and Princes of Chim aa. N. 4^.'^'
and Japan, drink Thee at all hours of the Day, and in
their Vifits it is their whole Entertainment, the greatell
Pcrfons of Quality Boyling , and Preparing the Thee
thcmfclves, CNCry Palace, and Houfc, being furnilht
with convenient Rooms, Furnaces, VefTels, Pots and j^,-^^, - ;.
Spoons for that purpofc, which they value at a higher o^j^^-.-jf" !! v,v.
rate than we do Diamonds, Gems, and Pearls, as Tulpnis ^i^- 4 ^^o-

B ailiires

I o The Natural Hijlory Sect. II.

afliires us from the relations of feveral great Dutch-meft,
who travcli'd Chhia in the QaaHty of Amba(!adors, and
made great Obfcrvations of thole rich Stones , and
WoodSjOut of which thcaforefciid Materials were made.
As for the Qualities and Vertues of Thee, thefe few-
following Obfervations may give fitisfa61:ion , that it
makes us a£tive and hvely, and drives off fleep, every
Drinker of it cannot but be fenfible. The great Jefuic
Alexa: der de Alexander de Rhodes, always Cur'd himfelf of a Perio-
Rhodes Vpi- dical pain of his Head by Thee, and having often occafi-
%$oli^ies! ^^"^ ^^ ^^^ "P ^^'l"io^e Nights in China to take the Confeffi-
ons of dying People,he found the great benefit of Thee in
thofe great watchings,fo that he was always as vigorous,
and frefa the next day, as though he had relied ail
night ; nay, he fays, that he fate up fix nights together
Kircheri China, by the affiftancc of Thee, K'trcher himfelf took notice
t!iufirau..ihA- of Thee for clearing the Head, and opening the Urinary
paflages ; and it was obferv'd by thofe concern'd in the
Toevmtts Hi- Dutch Embafly to China, that the Chinefes did fpit very

^'''[^ifaina ^^^^^^ ' ^^^'^ "^'^^^ feldom fubjecl to the Stone, and Gout,
Tom'. 3. vhi-' which their PhyRcians imputed to their frequent Drink-
iofopb.TrAn[ici. ing of Thee: it is a common Proverb in Japan, Illene [anus
varenius^c- ^^^ fi^ - Bihit de optim'clTfia, What, is liot he Well ? He
[cript. Regni Drinks of the befl Thee, ' I.know fome that Celebrate
Ppon. c. 29. pqqJ j-/j^^ f-Q^ ])reventing; Drunkennefs, taking it before
rney go to the Tavern, and ufe it alfo very much after a
Debauch, 77:'6'd' being found fo friendly to their Stomachs,
and Heads : feveral Ambafliidors find the advantage of
it in prefcrving them from the accidents and inconveni-
ences of a bad Foreign Air ; but that which gives the
greateft commendation -to 77;ef, is the good Chara(!^er
Eoyles expfy. which our famous Country- man, Mr. Bojl, gives of it;
ihihf. p. 94- in his Experimental Philolophy, where he fays, that it
jj-jj^^^P^^j^^ dcfervcs thofe great praifcs which are commonly he-
roes. p. 4y,_ ftow'd Upon it. Yet Simon Pauii exclaims againfl the

ufe

Sect. II. 0/ T H E E. if

ufc of Thee^ as a great dryer, and promoter of old A^e,
and as a thing unnatural, and foreign to the European
Complexions. But Schroder anfwers Padi very mild- Schroderi Ap-
ly, fuppofing him to fpeak only of the abufe, and extra- ^"'^- ''^ ^^^''^
vagant management of Thee^ for otherwife Rhenharhy^'^'^'^^
China, Sajfafras, and Saunders^ lliould be baniflit from
our Shops by the fame reafon, they being Dryers , and
foreign ta us £/7^///^-wd';; , therefore wc may conclude
//^d"^ innocent, and beneficial.

The Chine fes gather the Leaf in the Spring one by one,
and immediately put them to warm in an Iron Kettle 0-
ver the Fire, then laying them on a fine light Mat, rolls
them together with their Hands ; the Leaves thus rolPd
are again hang'd over the Fire, and then roU'd clofer to-
gether, till they are dry, then put up carefully in Tin
Veflels to preferve them from moifture : thus they pre-
pare the bcfl Leaves, that yield the greateft rates, but
the common ordinary ones are only dry'd in the Sun,
yet in the Shade is doubtlefs much better, ( as the inge-
nious Author of Vinetum Britannkum does well obferve) Vlntt. Britan.
the Sun having a great power to attraft the vertue out P' ^^'^'
of any Vegetable after its feparation from its nouridier,
the Earth. One fpoonful of this prepar'd Thee is enough
for one quart of boyl'd Water.

There are feveral ways and methods for preparing
Thee. The Japomans powder the Plant upon a Stone, Nicoi. Tulpii
and fo put it into hot Water. Tho Ch/nefes boyl the obfervat.Med,
Leaves with Water and a little Sugar. Some Europeans '*^* ^' ^' ^°'
makcTindtures, Infufions, Conferves, and ExtraAs of
Thee. The Tartars are obferv'd to boyl their Thee in Thevmts ui.
Milk with a little Salt, which way they think is the ve- ^^P''- ^Tf • ^^^'

rvbefl: nca^fmnft.

The Inhabitants of Carolina prepare a Liquor out of
the Leaves of an American Tree, which is very like Thee, ^''\ .''^""'^y ^'
and equal co it in every refpecb, Dr. Mundy obicrves that p!^^^^'/'

B z the

-j^ TI:eKaturalHiliory^6cc. Sect. 11.

the Inhabitants of H^r/d'^ have an old cu(lom,before they
go into the Field to War, of Drinking a Liquor in a great
pubhck Aflembly, which he that Vomits up, is judg'd
unfit for that Warlike Expedition, and is condemn'd to
flay at home in dilgrace ; but when he has learnt to car-
ry off the Liquor, then he is admitted to be a lawful Sol-
dier : Now 7l:ee it felf when given in a large dofe, and
in a ftrong Decoction, does often prove Vomitive, as I
my felt hav.e obferv'd feveral times.

Some make Decoctions of the Roots of A-je^s, GaLm-
ga, Coriander, and Antfeedi, Sarfa, China, Saunders, of
"the Leaves of Sage, Be tony, Rorifrnarjj &c, wliich they
do extol above Thee or Coffee.

THE

»3

THE

Natural Hiftory

OF

CHOCOLATE.

SECT. III.

r "^ Aving given a lliort Natural Hiftory of two
I - 1 things , which are (o iiniver£i11y us'd in the
I 1 Eaftern part of th-e World, we now come
"^ to treat briefly of two more, which are ge-
nerally us'd in the Weftern: Firft of Chocolate^ of
which the Cacao,o\: Cacaw-nut, being the principal Ingre-
dient, a fliort Account of it cannot be improper ,this Nut^
or rather the Seed, or Kernel of the Nut, as Mr. Hughes fj,^gj,(s Amerl-
obferves, is of thcbignefs of agreat^/w(?W; in fomeof caap/j^y7«j??,
thefe Fruits there are a dozen, in fome xo, in others 30,^' ^ ^ ^*
or more of thefe Kernels, or Caco's, which are well de-
Icrib'd by the Ingenious and Learned Dr. Grew, when Dr.GrewJf;</:
thefe Kernels are cured they become blackilli, and are ^^^; ^^^' ^^^^°
compar'd to a Bullocks Kidney, cut into Partitioiis;therc ^ *°*'
is great variety in them, by reafon of the difference of
Soyls and Climates where they grow : the Tree is faid
to be as large as our Englijh Plumb-trees. the Leaves
lharp-pointecl,compar'd by fomc Travellers to the Leaves

of

1 4 Tl?e Natural Hijlory Se c t. III.

Pifo in Hi[lor. of Chefmt ; by the Curious F/fo to the Leaves of an
Hit.indKe Qrame , the Flower of 2iSaijrcn colour, upon the ap-
pearance or whicli, the Fruit appears upon the Branches
as Apples : This Ti' "•.' grows in ieveral parts oi America,
2.sm Nicaragua, New ib rain, Mexico, Cul/a, and in. Jamaica,
Hights Arae- efpecially at Collonel uMiington^ Quarters, or Plantati-
rican vhifici- ons ; they profper bcft \i^ low> rnoilt , and fat ground,
an, p, 1 1 2. ^^^ ^j-g ^5 fquarcly, and orderly fet, as the Cherry Trees
in Kent, or Worcefterjhire : they commonly bear within
7 years, and then twice every year, the firfl Crop be-
tween January and February, the other between May
and June. The Inhabitants have fo great a value for
them, as that they fecure them with the iliades of flan-
tane and Bonona Trees, againfl the injuries of their fiery
Sun, and do ufe the Kernels inflead of Money, both in
their Traffick, and Rewards; as the great Jefuir, Jofe-
Jof.Acoftai«- p^^^ Acofta, obferv'd, when he was lent into America:
dor. Hifior, The Indians look upon their Chocolate as the greatefl de-
lib. 4. c. 22, licacy for extraordinary Entertainments. Montezuma is
faid to have Treated Cortez and his Soldiers with it ;
and you can fcarce read an American Traveller, but he
will often tell you of the magnificent Collations of Cho-
colate.^ that the Indians of!er'd him in his Pafiage and
Journies through their Country : as Mr. Gage ( who
Gagts Survey Travelled many years in America ) informs us, the Spa^
of the ivtjl in- niards do conflantly drink Chocolate in their Churches,
chocolate^' ^ at Mexico and Chiapa, of which they being once forbid,
did Mutiny, and commit great Outrages, till their Cu-
{lom was reftor'd them. The Indians, and Chriftians,
in the American Plantations, have been obferv'd to live
feveral Months upon Cacao Nuts alone,made into a Fade
with Sugar, and fo diflblv'd in Water ; I my felf have
eaten great quantities of thefe Kernels raw, without
the leall inconvenience : and have heard, that Mr. Boyle,
and Dr. Stuhhs, have let down into their Stomachs fome

pounds

Sect.III. 0/ chocolate. if

pounds of them raw without any moleftation ; the Sto-
mach feems rather to be latiated, than cloy'd with them,
which is an Argument they are foon diflblv'd, and dige-
fled. The Spaniards do not fcruple to eat them upon
their great Fad days.

The Indians at firfl made their Chocolate of the l^ut a-
lone without any addition , unlefs fometimes Pepper,
and Maizj or Indian Wheat, and in Jamaica at this day,
as M^. Hughes obferves, there is a fort of Chocolate, itiiks Amerl-
made up only of the Fade of the Cacao it felf, and this ^^"^^'#^*''«-
he efteems to be one of the belt forts of Chocolate. Dr. vr. Stubbs in-
St Ms, who was a great Mailer of the Chocolate Art, ^'•^'' ^«'^^'°
did not approve of many Ingredients, befides the Cacao
Nut ; that Chocolate which the Do6i:or prepared for His
Majclly, had double the quantity of the Cacao Kernel to
the other Ingredients : In the common fort the Cacaw
Nuts may take up half the Compofition, according to
Fifo , m the worft a third part only. As to the other PifoiVur. Hi-
Ingredients for making up Chuolate^ they may be vari- ■^'"'' ^^^'^''
ed according to the conftitutions of thofe that are to
drink it; in cold conflitutions Jamaica Pepper, Cinna-
mony Nutmegs^ Cloves, &c. may be mixt with the Cacao
Nut: fome add Musk, Amhergreafe, Citron, Lemmcn-
Peels, and Odoriferous Aromacick Oyls : In hot Con-
fumptive tempers you may mix Almonds, Piftach{f's,6:c.
fomerinies China, Sarfa, and Saunders ; and fometimes
Steel and Rheuharh may be added for young green La-
dies. Ml-. Hughes gives us very good advice, in tcUing ffui^a Ame-
us, that we may buy the befl Chocolate of Scam-en and """ ^^^^^'^*'
Merchants, who bring it over ready made from the IVeJl '*'' ^' " ''
Li(:n's ; his reafon is none of the word, which is this, let
the Cacao Kernels be never fo well cur'd in the iVeJl In-
dies, and {lowed never fo carefully in the Ship, yet by
their long tranfporcation , and by the various Airs 01
Cliniaces they are often fpoifd, their natural Oyiinefs

tending;

1 6 The Naturnl Bijlory Sect. III.

tending much to pucrefadioa : from whence I have heard
feveral complain in England^ that their Chocolate made
up here doc? often prove mufty, and will fettle much to
the bottom of the Diili, which is a certain fign, fays the
»r.Stubbs7«- Learned Dr. 5/^^^j, that the AWj are either faulty, ox
dUn. Keaar. not well beaten, and made up. The beft Cacao Nuts are
faid to come from Carraca or Nicaragua, out of which
Dr. Stuhhs prepar'd Chokcate for the King; yet the Do-
ctor commends the Cacao Nuts of Jamaica, which were
firfl Planted there by the Spaniards. Tlut you may know
how to Prepare your Chocolate, I will give you a ihort
direction, if you intend to make it up your felf ; con-
fult your own conftitution and circumftances, and vary
the Ingredients according to the Premifes , for T cannot
give a Receipt to make up the mafs of Chocolate, which
will be agreeable, and proper to all Complexions ; yet
in the Compofition of it, you mufl remember to ap-
point the Cacaiv Kernel for the fundamental and princi-
pal Ingredient : as for the managing the Cacao Nut, Dr.
j3r. Scubbs u- Stuhhs, and Mr. Hughes, have publiflit moil: excellent
indMr^'^^' inflru£lions, how you mufl: peel, dry , beat and fearce it
UMghcl Ameri- Very carefully, before you beat it up into a maff with
un Phypcinn. other fmiplcs : as for the great quantity of Sugar which
is commonly put in, it may deflroy the Native and Ge-
nuine temper of the Chocolate, Sugar being fuch a corro-
iive fait, and fuch a Hypocritical Enemy to the Body.
Simon Pauli Simon Tauli ( a Learned P^;?f ) thinks Sugar to be one
qa^dripartBo-: ^aufe of our EngHJh Confumptions ; and Dr. iViZ/js
Dr.'wiiiis de blames it as one caufe of our Univerfal Scurvy's : there-
f>corbuto. fore when Chocolate produces any ill ef?e£ls, they juay
be often imputed to the great fuperffuity of its Sugar,
which often fills up lialf its Compofition. For prepa-
ring the Drink of Chocolate^ you miay obferve the fol-
lowing meafures. Take of the ma(s of Chocolate^ cut
into fmall pieces, one ounce, of Milk and Water well

boyl'd

Sect.III. 0/ chocolate. ^>

boy I'd together, of each half a pint, one yolk of an Egg fr ,^ ^
well beatcn,mix them together, let them boyl but gently, i/i^ 6f^s
till all is diflblved,{lirring them often together with your ei^^Jrtrt^A^

Mollinct, oxiChocvlety[\^'^ afterwards pour it into your
Dilhes, and into every Diili put one fpoonful of Sack.

As for the vertues and efie£ts of the Cacao Nut, or J^.'l* '^^ ^'^-'
Chocolate^ all the American Travellers have written fuch YiCon. nifior,
Panegyricks , and fo many Experimental Obfervations, /«^<?r.
that I Ihould but degrade this Royal Liquor, if I ihould J;'^'^'^''' ^^^*'
of?er at any ; yet I think two or three Remarks upon it Benzonus h/-
cannot be unluitablc to this little Hiftory: fcveral o[fior inder.oc-
thefe curious Travellers, and Phyficians, do agree in '
this, that the Cacao Nut has a wonderful faculty of
quenching thirft, allaying Hedlick heats, of nourilhing
andfatning the Body. Mr. G^^f acquaints us, that he g^^.'^ Survey ;
drank Chocolate in the Indies two or three times every oUhtireflm-
day for twelve years together, and he fcarceknew what cimoUtt^
any Difeafe was in all that time, he growing very fat :
fome objedl it is too oily and grols, but then the bitter-
nefs of xhoNut makes amends, carrying the other off by
Urcngthening of the Bowels?' Mi. Hughes informs us, hughes Arae-
that he liv'd at Sea for Ibme Months of nofliiijg but Cho- r^caa phyftd-
colate, yet neither his llrengtli, norilefli wete diminilh- ^^' ^' ^'^'^'
cd : he fays our Englijh Seamen are very greedy of it
when they come into any hulian Port, and foon get
plump countenances by the ufe of it. Mr. Hughes him-
felf grew \'ery fat in Jamaica by the vertuc of the Cacao
Nut ; fo he judges it mofh proper for Lean, Weak, and
Conlumptive Complexions : it may be proner for (bme
breeding Women, and thofe perfons that arc Hypocon-
driacal, and Melancholly. The induilrious Dr./lfe^y ir. Mundy it \
gives a notable example of the effect o^ Chocolate, he fays, ptuim:^. '
that he knew a M.m in a defpcrate Confumption, who P' ^^^'
rook a great fancy for Chocolate, and his Wife out of com-
plaifance drank it often with him : the confequence was J

C thic, 1

The Natural Hiflory Se CT. III.

this, the Husband recovcr'd his health, and his Wife
brought afterwards to Bed of three Sons at one Birch.

The great ufe of Chocolate in Vcnery, and for lupj^ly'
ing the Tefticles with a Baiiam, or a Sap, is (o ingcni-
ouflymade out by one of our Learned Countrymen al-
ready, that I dare not prefumc to add any thing arter fo
accomplilht a Pen ; thouj^h I am of an opinioii, that I
might treat of the Subjcdt without any immodcfly, or
ofFence. Gerfon the Grave Reman Cafuift, has writ cle
To Hut lone Nod urn a, and fome have defended Fornication
in ;thePopiih Nunneries; Hyilerical fits, Hypccondria-
cal Melancholy, Love Pallions , Confumptive Pinings
away, and Spermatical Feavers, being inif ances of the
neceiTity hereof, natural inllinct pointing out the Cure:
We cannot but admire the great prudence ot A:io[es, vvho
leverely Prohibited, that there ihould be no Whore a-
mongfl the Daughters of Ijrael, yet that moll wife Le-
giflator took great care for their timciy Marriage : upon
thefe very accounts the CafuiUs defend the Proteftant
Clergy in their Marriages. Atid Adam is commanded
in Paradife to Eacreafe and Multiply, therefore I hope
this little cxcurfion is pardonable, being fo adequate to
this Trcacifc of Chrcoiate; vd>ich,if Rachel had known,
file would not luvc pmch:isd Ma/iJrakes for JacoL If
the Amorous and Martial Turk fliould ever tade it , he
would defpife his Opium. If the Grecians and Arahians
had ever try'd it, they would have thrown away their
Wake-Rohins , and their Cuckow-Piatles ; and I do not
doubt, but you London Gentlemen, do value it above all
your Cuiiifes and Jellics.yom AiKhoveSyBononia Saivjages,.
your Cock, or Lamf-ftones, your Soys, your Ketchups and
Cav?ares, youn Cantharides, and your 1'^/'//^^^ of E^gj,
arc not to be compared to our rude India}! ; therefore you
2'nufl: be very courteous and favourable to this little
Pamphict, vvho tells you mofl faithful Obfervations.

The

Sect.III. 0/ chocolate. T^

The induftrious Author of the Fhmum BrkaHnmm Vlmt. Britax.
makes a QiJfere, whether the Kernel of the Wallnut may P- *59-
not fupply the defedl of the Cacao, if well Ground.
Dr. Gr^ri' thinks, that for thofe that drink Chocolate atDj-.Grcw's
Coffee- Houfes without any Medicinal refpecV, there is no W- ^Ji^ ^^i-
doubt, but that of ^/w^»^^ finely beaten, and mixed ^"^^^^
with a due proportion of Spices, and Sugar, may be
made as plcafant a Drink as the bcft Chocolate.

C z THE

30

THE

Natural Hiftory

O F

T

SECT. IV.

OB AC CO is rcckon'd by the bed Herbalifls

to be a Species, or fort of Henhane , proper

©otJonaEus I to the American Regions, as Dodonxm and

Padf tSr ^.'^^^^'^"^ ^^^^^ ' y^^ ^"^""^^ Botanifts will have it

pYt.Botan.& a Native of Europe, and reduce it to feveral of our

lib. di Ta'eaco. ciafles : but I Will iiot trouble you with this Contro-

verfie, only we may take notice, tiiat Ihevetdid firfl

bring the feed of Tobacco into France, though ]>Ticot the

French AmbafTador in Portugal (from v,hom it is call'd

Nicotiana ) v/as the firft that {tni the Plant it felf into

Hernandez his own Country. Hernandes de Toledo (who Travell'd

Hi^ior. AmiU' ^y^^yjca by the Command of Philip II.) having fupply'd

VurchisVoy- Spain and Portugal with it before. Sir Francis Drake

ages into Ami- got the Sced in Virginia, and was the firft that brought

^^''^' it into England'^ yet fome give Sir Walter Raivleigh the

honour of it, fince which time it has thriven very well

m

Sect.IV. 0/ tobacco. 2i

in our Englifn Soil: a great quantity of it grows yearly
in ieveral Gardens about Wejtmhjiery and in other parts
of Midcllefew It is planted in great plenty in Clouce'der,
De-uonjhire J and ibmc other Weftern Countries; his
Majefty fending every year a Troop of Horfe to deflroy
it, left the Trade of out American Plantations fliould be
incommoded thereby : yet many of the London Apothe-
caries make ufe of Englifh Tobacco in their Shops, not-
withftanding the vulgar Opinion that this Herb is a Na-
tive of America, and foreign to Europe : yet Lihavius af-
fures us, that it grows naturally in the fomous Hercyni-
an Forreft of Germany. If this was true, we would no
longer call it Tobacco from the Ifland of Tobago. The
names of it are fo various, as they would glut the moft
hungry Reader. The Americans ft yle it Picielt; in Nova '■

Franc la, Pet urn-, in Hijpaniola, Cozobba^ in Virginia,
Uppiivoc ; at Rome, Herba SanBa Crucis ; in fome parts
of Italy, Herba Medicea ; in France, Ilerha Regimv, as "
you may read in Magnenuh and Neander : but let it be of Mjgnenus de
what name or kind it will, I am confident , that it is of raba-o.Ncindcr-
the poyfonous fort, for it Intoxicates, Inflames, Vomits, '^'^^^^•^'''^•
and Purges ; which Operations are common to poyfon-
ous Plants, as to Poppeys, Nightjhades, Hemlocks, Monks,
hoody Spurges, and Hellebores^ that will produce the hke
cRc6ts : befides, every one knows that the Oyl of To-
bacco is one of the grcatcft Foyfjns in naturc,a few drops
of it falling upon the tongue of a Cat, will immediately
throw her into Convuifions, under which fhe will die.
Tiiis Dr. Willis affures us to be true ; the experiment r>r. wiiiis
fuccecded,when it was try'd before the Royal Society, as ^'k'^^^- Kat.
the Learned Dr. Grew has affirmed : befides, I can fpeak d,-. gfcw'^
it upon my own certain kncwledg, having kill'd feveral ^H- '''S soc]
Animals with a few drops of this Oyl. Yet thit moft ^•^'^'
ll^acious Lalian, Francifco Redi, obferves very well, f^/^QUgl^^'
that the Oyl oi. Tobacco kills not ail Animals, neither burgh :.' 5?.

drzs

^.^ 77;? Natt^al Biflory Sect. IV.

does it difpatch thofc, it kills, in the fame fpace of time;
thwLe is a great difference between the Tvhacco of Brazil^
and that of St. Chrijtopbers, as to this effeft : Varino and
Bnizii Tohacci being almoft of the Tame quality and ope-
ration, \\ hcreiis that of Sr. Cbriflophers , Terr^ Nova,
N/eve, St. Alar tin, have very different effects.

If we run over thofe Countries where Tobacco is made
ufe of, wc may obferve the various manners of ufing it ;
fome Americans will mix it with a Powder of Shells, to
chew it, ialivating all the time, which they fancy does
refrefli them in their Journeys and Labours : others in
New Spain wixl dawb the ends of Reeds with the Gum,
or Juice of Tobacco , and fetting them on fire, will
ffochsi voya. fuck the fmoak to the other Qr\d. The Virgi-.nans were
ges to Ammu. oblerv'd to have Pipes of Clay before ever the Englijh
came there, and from thole Barbarians we Europeans
have borrow'd our mode and falhion of fmoaking. The
Moors and Turks have no great kindnefs for Tobacco ; yet
when they do fmoak, their Pipes are very long, made
of Reeds, or Wood, with an earthen head. Tlielrijh-
men do mod commonly powder ti;eir Tobacco, and fnuff
it up their Noflrils, which fo^ne of our Englifh-men do,
Vvho often chevv, and fwallow it; I know IbmePerfons
that QG cat every day fome ounces of Tobacco without
any fenilble alteration: frome whence we may learn,
that ufe and cuftom will tame, and naturalize the moft
fierce and rugged Poy fon,ib that it will become civil and
tphm.Gtratfi. friendly to the body. We read of a/vr;;r/;AmbaiIador,that
Ao. 2. being in Ey:gIanJ, was fo indifpos'd , that he could never

fleep ; upon which he would often devour whole Ounces
of Opium without being concern'd: and the Turks are
otten obferv'd to fwallow great Lumps of it, a tenth
part of which w^ould kill thofe that were not accuuom-
ed to Opiates, I know a Woman in this City, that be-
ing us'd to take both tlie E/elklcres, will often fwallow

whole

SECT.rV. 0/ TOBACCO. ij

whole Scruples of them without the lead motion, or
operation , lb that cuflom and converfation will make
the fierced creature familiar.

As for the Culture, Harvefl, Preparation, and Traf-
fick of lohacco , I will recommend you to AV*?«<^(f/', Neander r^-
where, if you are curious, you may meet with fatisfa- ^^<:^^°i'
(Sirion. I cannot omit one Story out of Monardus, who Monardus
tells us, that the Indian Prieils bein^ always confulted 'H' ^r,.nf^-
about the events or War, cio burn the Leaves oi lobac-
co, and hickina into their mouths the fmoak by a Reed,
or Pipe, do prelently rail into a Trance, or Extafie, and
as foonas ever they come out oi it, they dilcover to the
Indians all the fecret Nvj^otiation, which thev have had
with the ^ueat Da'mo»,^[w3.ys deiiverintr fome ambiguous
aniwcr.

As for the qualities, nature, and ufes of Toha<:cOy
they may be very confidcrabie in feveral cafes and cir-
cuiTjflances ; though King James himleli has- both "VVrii:,
and Diiputed very fmarriy againft it at Oxford, anJ.
Sii^jyri Pauii has Pubiillid a very Learned Book againll simonPaull ..
it. Some Anatomifts tell us moft terrible Stories of ^'*^.^^- ^^bsd.
footy Brains, and black Liin^^s, which have been fcen ^^^^^ ^^^ '
in th: DilTe^^l-ions oi Dead Bodies, which when Liv- ho/*^-». Pj.-
ing had been accuftomed to Tobacco. We read that ^"^^*
Amur a' h the Fourth did forbid the ufe of it over all the
Tiirkilh Dominions, u.ider the moll fevere Penalties;
tlie Turks having an opinion amon-ft them, that To-

-.co will make them Eilemuiate, and Barren, unfit for

War, and Procreation ; though fome think there is a

;ainit, to obilrucl thjfaleof it i'l thcEa-

:.es , and to prevent the Chrijtians tror^

. ibliihing any confidciable TraiTick from fo mca i . -5, Am.

oiiimodicv^ which nerhaps may be one reafon, why -•j^-;"--^^'-"-
• ^ireat Duke ot Ma/cozy has thrcatncd to punilh Mufcovy,'"'

thcie

ij^ The Natural Hiflory Sect. IV.

thofe Merchants , who offer to fell any Tohacco in his
Countries. Scach Abas ( the Great Sophy of" Perjia )
Leading an Army againll tlie Cham of Tartary^ made
Proclamation, that if any Tohncco was found in the Cu-
ilody of any Soldier, he Ihould be burnt alive, together
with his Jiih-acco, Yet for ^.11 this it may be very^ bene-
ficial to Mankind, as you will conclude from what does
follow.
Dr. Willis I^r* "^^^i^^^s recommends Tohacco to Soldiers, becaufe

Fhim. Kit. itmayfupply the want ol Victuals, and make them in-
fenfibie of the dangers, fatigues, and hard Ihips, which
do ufually attend Wars and Armies ; befides. itls found
t© Cure Mangy, and Ulcerous Difeafes , which are
frequent m Camps. I know a curious Lady in the
North y that does very great feats in Sores and Ulcers
by a Preparation of Tabacco, Our Learned and mofl
B6>rsexperi- Experienc*d Countryman, Mr. Boyle, does highly com-
ment phiiofo- mend Tobacco Clyflers in the mofl violent Colick pains,
^ ^* which are often Epidemical in Cities, and Camps. The

Hartman^r^jT. Renowned Hartman extols the Water of Tobacco a-
chym gainft Agues : And the curious Dr. Grew found the fuc-

^^^./ffflp.^st. ^^^^ ^^ ^^'^ ^y^ ^^ ^^ ^" ^^^ Tooth-ach , a Lint being
dip'd in it, and put into the Tooth. The effects of To-
lacco has been very good in Ibme violent pains of tlic
Head ; as fonie thoulands have experimented : As for
the daily fmoaking of it , the ftate and circumflanccs
of your Body niufl be the bcfl guide, and rule ; if your
complexion be lean, hot, and dry, it is an argument a-
gainft it, but if cold, moid, and humoral, fubjeft to
Catarrhs, Rheums, and Pains, then there may be a
temptation to venture upon it, fo every man mufl
confult his own temper, and the experience of o-
:thers.

o/ TOBACCO. iy

A modern French Author has wric a peculiar Tra(^ oijmui da
Tobacco, wherein he commends it in Convulfions, in^"^j'?f'
pains, and for bringing on deep ; he extols the Oyl of
it in Curing Deafnefs, being injeded into the Ear m a
convenient vehicle, alio againft Gouty and Scorbutical
pains of the Joints,being appli'd in a liniment. A Ltxu
'v'tum of Tobacco often prevents the falling off of the
hair, and is famous in Curing the Farcy, or Leprofie of
Cattel.

>x

D THE

i6

The USE of

JUNIPER

AND

ELDER-BERRIES.

IN OUR

Publick-Houfes.

THESE two Berries are fo Celebrated in
many Countries , and fo highly recom-
mended to the World by feveral famous
Writers, and Pradlitioncrs , that they
need not defire any Varnifli, or Argument
from me. The fimplc Deco6tions of them fweetned with
a httle fine Sugar-Candy will afford Liquors lo pleafant
to the Eye, fo grateful to the Palate, and fo beneficial
to the Body , that I cannot but wonder after all thefe
Charms , they have not as yet been Courted , and
Uflier'd into our Publick Houfes ; if they fliould once
appear on the Stage, I am confident, that both the iVhig
and the I'cry, would agree about them far better than
have done about the Medal and Mufhroom : nay, the
very Cynick andStoick himfelf, would fiill in Love with

die

TheUfeof JUNIPER,<?-c. t7

the Beauty, and extraordinary Vertues of thefc Berries,
which are fo common, and cheap, that they may bepur-
chas'd for Uttle or nothing ; one Ounce of the Berry
well cleanfed, bruis'd, and malh'd, will be enough for
almoft a Pint of Water; when they are boy I'd together,
the VelTel mufl be carefully ftopt : after the boyling is
over, one fpoonful of Sugar Candy may be put in.

The Juniper-tree grows wild upon many Hills in oh\\cjmpiu
Surrevy and Oxforcljhtre, and upon Juniper-Hill near p^Mcrrets
Hilaerjham in Camhridgfhire ; befides, in feveral other pinax.
parts of England : The Berries are moll commonly ga- ^^^'^ cmUg.
ther'd about Auguft. The Aftrological Botanifls advife ^ '"'^^'^*
us to pull them, when the Sun is in Firgo.

The Juniper- Berry is of fo great reputation in the
Nothern Nations, that they ufe it, as wc do Coffee and Hiftoryofia^
Thee, efpecially the Laplanders^ who do almoft adore it. ^'^^'^'
Simon Pauli (a Learned Dane) aflures us, that thefe simon Pauii
Berries have perform'd wonders in the Stone, which he f'^'^^^^P^^^^^'
did not learn from Books, or common Fame, but from ^^^'^"* ^' ^^ *
his own obfervation and experience; for he produces
two very notable examples, that being tormented with
the Stone, did find incredible fuccefs in the ufe of thefe
Berries : and if my memory does not fail me, I have
heard our moft ingenious, and famous Dr. Troutheck,
commend a Medicine prepar'd of them in this Diftem-
per. Befides Schroder knew a Nobleman of Germany, Schroder.
that freed himfelf from the intolerable fymptoms of the P^^rmacop.
Stone by the conftant ufe of thefe Berries : Ask any
Phyfician about them , and he will beftow upon them •

a much finer Charadter than my rude Pencil can draw.
The Learned Mr. Eve/yn will tell you what great kind- Evfiyn or for-
nefles he has done to his Poor fick Neighbours, with '■'■'*^ ^^^^-y
a Preparation of Juniper-Berries, who is pleas'd to^'^^^'
honour them with the Title of the Forrejler's Panacea ;
he extols them m the Wind Colick, and many other

D 2 Diftem-

i8 WELDER-BERRIES,

Dillcmpcrs. Do bun confulc Bauhinm, and Schroder,

Joh. Bauhin. the iirft being the mod cxafl Herbal, the other the moft

Schro/cr"^'''^* ^^i^htul and elaborate Difpcnliitory, that ever has been

rhimico'f. pubhlh'd ; and you wiii find great commendations of

thele Berries in Dropfies, Gravel, Coughs, Confumpti-

ons, Gout, Stoppage of the monthy Courfes, iw Epilep-

fies, Palfies, Lethargies, m which there are often an ill

appetite, bad digeftions, and obilrudfions.

Take one fpoonful of the Spirit of Ju}?ip£r-B^rrie:?y
four grains of the Salt of Juniper^ three drops of the
Oyl of Juniper-Berries well reclified; mix them all to-
gether, drink them Morning and Night in a Glafs of
White- wine, and you will have no contemptible Medi-
cine in all the aforementioned Difeafes.

Now it is probable, that you have both the Spirit,

Salt, aiid Oyl of this Berry in a fim.ple Dcco6lion of it,

provided it be carefully and skilfully manag'd. If this

5carffiusrfi wiH not fatisfie, do but read Benjamin Scarffiusy and

K^h! Mkhael 7^^^- ^^ehaely who have Publifli't m Gerrr,any two feveral

Juniperet. Books of the Juniper^ and you may meet with far morc

perfuafive arguments, than I can pretend to ofJer you.
Of Eldir-Bir^ The Elder Tree grows almoll every where, but it
'"^* mofl delights in Hedges, Orchards, and other d'l^.dy

places, or on the moid Banks of Rivulets and Ditches,
unto which 'tis thrufl by the Gardeners,- left by its Lux-
ury, and importunate increafc yearly it iliould poflcfs
Dr. Biochvvich all their ground. We write here of the Domeftick,
Anatm. Sam- common Elder, not of the Mountain, the Water, or
%"' Dvv'arf Elder, ours in figure is like the Ajh ; the Leaves^

refemble thole of a Walnut Tree, but lefs ; in the top of
the Branches, and Twigs, there fpring fweetand crifped
UTibels/wcUing with white odoriferous Flov/ers (in June
before St. Johns Eve } which by their fall give place to a
many branched Grape, firO: green, tlien ruddy, laft of a
black, dark, Purple Colour,iijcculent and :umid with its

winilh

r/;rM/eo/* JUNIPER ip

winifli Liquor: of all the wild Plants 'tis firft covered Job. Eauhin.
with Leaves,and lad uncloathed of them. It flouriihes in ^'flor.vimar.
Majy JunCy 'jtily, but the Berries are not ripe till Auguft.

As for the quahties, and vertues of Elder-Berries,
I need fay no more, but that Mr. Ray has given a great R^y duiog,
encomium of them ; our Learned Dr. Needham com- ^^'^'''^^^'
mending them in Dropfies, and fome Feavers ; and I
have been inform'd, that the ingenious Dr. Croon has
exroll'd a Spirit of Elder-Berries in an Epidemical inter-
mittent Feaver. Schroder fays, they do peculiarly re- Schroder.
fpei5l Tome Difeafes, attributed to the Womb. Mr. Eve- Phamacop.
Ijtt is fo bountiful to his poor Forrejier, as to allure him, feft^xrccs^^^^
that if he could but learn the Medicinal Properties of the ;• 99'
Elder Tree, he might fetch a Remedy from every Hedg*
cither for Sicknefs, or Wound: the lame curious Gen-
tleman takes notice, how prevalent thcfe ^c'md'j are in
fcorbutick Diflempers, and for the prolongation of Life
( fo famous is the Story of Naander,) T have heard fome
praifc them in Bloody Fluxes, and other Difeafes of the
Bowels ; alfo in feveral Diflempers of the Head, as the
Falling Sicknefs, Megrirrks, Palfies, Lethargies: they
are iliid likewife to promote the monthly Inundations of
Women, and to deflroy the heat of an Eryfipelas, for
which the Flowers thcmfelvesarc highly Celebrated by
Si>rion Paidi^ who experimented them upon himfelt with Simon Pauii
wonderful fuccefs. I could produce feveral cafes out f^^y-^^-^'-
ot the belt Phyfical Writers, ^sForeJtiu, Riverius, Ru- i^o.
UijdiisMc. where t\\Qk Berries have a6led their parts,
even to admiration; but if you are curious, and inqui-
fttive after the qualities and nature of them, I will re-
commend a Learned Germafjy Martyn BlochwitZy to your pr. Uochrvir
reading, where you may entertain your felf with great W'-afow-ofthe
variety: Yet I have one thing fliU to give notice of, ^^^^'^'
that the flime Medicine may be prepared out of the Spi-
rit, Oylj and Salt of tliis Berry ^ as you have been

tauc;ht •

JO 7^eU/eo/ JUNIPER

taught before to make out of the Jumper-Berry^ but you
may obtain them all in a fimple Decoftion, if it be well
manag'd.

You have read here the great ufe of thefe two Ber-
~ rks, tliat are more univerfally agreeable to all tempers,
palates and cafes, than perhaps any other two fimple
Medicines, which are commonly known amongfl us ;
fo that feveral Perfons being under ill habits of Body,
and upon the Frontiers of fome lingring Difeafcs , can-
not but defire to drink them, when they have occafion
to refort to Publick-Houfes : yet for all this, my poor
advice will certainly meet with that Fate, which does
attend almoft every thing in the World, that is, Lau-
datur ah hu^ culpatur ah zQis ; but it dreads mod of all
the Turkey y and Eaft-India Merchant, who will condemn
it in defence of their Coffee, and Thee, which have the
honour of coming from the Levant, and China. Befides,
I am afraid of a lalh, or a frown from fome young La-
dies, and little Sparks, who fcorn to eat, drink , or
wear any thing, that comes not from France, or the In-
dies ; they fancy poor England is not capable of bring-
ing forth any commodity, that can be agreeable to their
Grandeur, and Gallantry, as though Nature, and God
Almighty, had curs'd this Ifland with the Produdlion
o^ fuch things, as are every way unfuitable to the Com-
plexions, and Neceffities of the Inhabitants: fo we can-
not but Repartee upon thefe A la mode Perfons, that
while they Worfliip fo much only Foreign Creatures,
they cannot but be wholly ignorant of thofe at home.
His Excellency, the mofl Acute and Ingenious Amballa-
dor from the Emperor of Fez, and Morocco, ( who now
refides amongft us) is reported to have advis'd his At-
tendants to fee every thing, but admire nothing, left they
fliould feem thereby to difparage their own Country , and
fhew themfelves ignorant of the great Rarities and Won-
ders of Barhary, Poor

and ELDER-BERRIES. Jt;

Poor contemptible Berries, fly hence to Smyrna, Ban-
tam, or Mexico, then the Merchants would work
through Storms and Tempeils, through Fire and Water
to purchafe you, and at your Arrival here would pro-
claim your Vertues in all publick Aflemblies ; fo true
is that common faying, A Prophet is never valued in his
own Country : The Englijh Soyl is certainly influenced
by fome Peftilentiai Star, that blafls the credit of its
Productions.

THE"

}*

The WAY, of Making

M U M,

WITH SOME

REMARKS

UPON THAT

LIQUOR.

IN the firfl place, I will give fome inflructions how
to make Mumy as it is Recorded in the Houfe of
Brunfwick, and was fent from thence to General
Monk.
To make a Veflel of 63 Gallons, the Water mud be
firfl boy I'd to the Confumption of a third partjet it then
beBrew'd according to Art with jBufliels of Wheat-Malt,
one Bufliel of Oat-Malt , and one Buihel of Ground
Beans, and when it isTun'd, let not the HogHiead be
too much fiird at firfl ; when it begins to work, put to
it of the inner Rind of the Firr three pounds, of the tops
o( Firry and Birch fii each one poundjof Cardans B^nedi-
i?wj dried, three handfuls,^ Flowers of F.ofa Solisy two

handfuis^

^emaks upon MUM. j j

handfuls , of Burnett Betonyy Marjoram, Aveus, Penny-
royal, Ylowcrs oi Eldery Wild Thyme, ofeachonehand-
i'ui and a half, Seeds oiCardamum bruifed, three ounces,
Baylerries bruifed, one ounce, put the Seeds into the
Veflel ; when the Liquor hath wrought a while with
the Herbs, and after they are added, 'kt the Liquor
work over the Veflel as little as may be, fill it up at iafl,
^ and when it is flopped, put into the Hogihead ten new
laid Eggs, the Shells not cracked, or broken : flop all
clofe, and drink it at two years old, if carried by Water
it is better- Dr. /Egidim Hoffman added Water Creffes,
Brooklime, ^nd-lVild Parfley, of each fix handfuls, with
fix handfuls of Horfe Rhadijh rafped in every Hogfh ead :
it was obferv'd that the Horfe Rhadijl made the Mum
drink more quick than that which had none.

By the compofition of Mum we may guefs at the qua-
lities, and properties of it, you find great quantities of
the Rind, and tops of Firr in it ; therefore if the Mnm-
makersat id? W(9«' are fo careful, and honefl, as to pre-
pare this Liquor after the Brunfw/ck fafliion, which is
the genuine and original way; it cannot but be very
powerful againft the breeding of Stones, and againfl all
Scorbutick Diflempers. When the Suedes carried on a Molienbroc.rf*
War againfl the Mufcovi/es, the Scurvy did fo domineer ^^'l^^i'jf
amongfl them, that their Army did languiili, and moul-
der away to nothing , till once encamping near a great
number of Firr Trees, they began to boyl the tops of
them in their Drink, which recovered thw Army even to
a miracle ; from whence the Suedes call the Firr the
Scorbutick Tree ad this very day. Our molt renowned
Dr. Walter Needham has obferv'd the great fucccfs of thefe
tops of Firr in the Scurvy, as Mr. Ray informs us ; Ray atzio-
which is no great wonder, if wc confider the Balfam, ^^'^'•^•''■•
or Turpentine, ( with which this Tree abounds ) which
proves fo effectual in prcfcrving even dead Bodies them-

^E fclves

j4 Remarks upon MUM.

felves from putrefa6tion, and corruption; if my memo-
ry does not deceive me, I have heard Mr. Bo)L% ( the
ornament, and glory of our Englijh Nation) affirm,
that the Oyl of Turpentine preferves Bodies from Putre-
faction much better than the Spirit of Wine. The Firr
being a principal ingredient of this Liquor, is fo Cele-
brated by fome modern Writers, that it alone may be
fufficient to advance the Mum trade amongfl: us. Simon
Simon Pauli Tauli (a Learned D^^^d") tells us the great exploits of
Tan. p?54of "' ^^^ ^^P^ ^^ ^^^^^ Tree in freeing a great man of Germany
from an inveterate Scurvy; every Phyfician will in-
form you, how proper they are againfl the breeding of
Gravel, and Stones : but then we mud be fo exad, as
to pull thefc tops m their proper Seafon , when they a-
bound mod with Turpentine ^ and Balfamick parts, and
then they may make the Mum a proper Liquor in Gg-
mrrhaids ; befides the Eggs may improve its faculty that
way : yet I will not conceal what I think the Learned
T)x MmiuKh- V>t. Merret 2i^x.ms'u\ his Obfervations upon Wines, that
Si Wines. "^ ^^^^^ LiquorSj into which the Shavings of Firr are put,
maybe apt to create pains in the Head ; but ftill it is ta
be confcfs'd, that the Firr cannot but contribute mAich
to the vigor and prefervation of the Drink.

By the variety of its Malt, and by the ground Beans,

we may conclude, that Mum is a very hearty and

flrengthning Liquor; fome Drmk it much, becaufe ix.

has no Hop, which they fancy do fpoil our BnqJ.ifh

Ales, and Beers, uihering in Infedions ; nay, Plagues

Eartholinc flf< amongfl: us. Thomas BarthoUne exclaims io fiercely -

M'AicuiiDi. ^(y^jj^J]- j[^opSy that he advifes us to mix any thin^ with

tat. 7. our Drmk rather than them : he recommends Sage,

Tamarisk, tops of Pine, or Firr, i-iiflead of Hops, the

Gi aunty ob- daily ufe of which in our Bnglifh Liquors is faid to have

^-^Eiiu^or ^^^" ^"^^ caufe, why the Stone is grown fuch a common

reality. Difcafe amongfl us Englijhmen: yet Captain Qraunt in

his

^^arks upon MUM. J f

his curious Obfervations upon the Bills of MortaHty,
obfervcs, that fewer are afflicled with the Stone in this
prefent Age, than there were in the Age before, though
far more Hops have been us'd in this City of late than
ever.

As for Eggs in the Compofition of Mum they may
contribute much to prevent its growing fower, their
fliells fwcerning Vinegar, and deftroying Acids, for
which reafon they may be proper in refloring fome de-
cay'd Liquors, it put v>4iole into the Veffel. Xy^.Stuhhs oidenburgV
in fome curious Obfervations made in his Voyage to Ja- ^]^'/''^^T
maka, afiiires us, that Eggs put whole into the Veflel
will preferve many Drinks even to admiration in long
Voyages : the Shells, and Whites w^ill be devour'd and
loft, but the Yolks left untouched.

Dr. iVillis prefcribes Mum in feveral Chronical Di- Dr. Willis dt
ftcmpers, as Scurvies, Dropfics, and fome fort of Con- scorbuto. Phar.^
fumptions. The Germans, cfpecially the Inhabitants of ^j^'/p.*2.
Saxony, have fo great a Veneration ior this Liquor, that
they fancy their Bodies can never decay, or pine away,
as long as they are Lind, and Embalm'd with fo power-
ful a preferver ; and indeed, if we confider the frame,
and complexions of the Gsrma/is in general, they may
appear to be living Mummies. But to conclude all in a
few words, if this Drink call'd Mum, be cxa^llv made
according to the foreaoing inltrudlrions, it mull needs
be a moft excellent alterative Medicine, the ingrtdients
of it being very rare and choice fimples, there being
fcarce any one Difeafe in Nature, againft which fome -of
them are not prevalent, as Betony, Marjoram j Thyme. In
Difcafes of the Head ; Birch^ Burnet, iVater-CrcjfeSf
Brcoklime, Horft-Rhadilh in the moft inveterate Scur-
vies, Gravels, Coughs, Confumptions, and all obftru-
'£fions. Avens, ana Cardamom Seeds for cold weak Sto-
machs. Cardials Benediclus , and Elder Flowers in inter-

E 1 mittcnr

5 6 %emarh u[>on M U M.

mittent Feavers. Bayherries and Penny- Roy aJ, in Di-
flcmpers attributed to tlie Womb. But it is to be fear'd,
that fcveral of our Londoners are not fo honeft, and cu-
rious, as to prepare their Mum faithfully, and truly ^ if
they do, they are fo happy as to furnifli, and ftock their
Country with one of the moil ufeful Liquors under the
Sun, it being fo proper, and efle£tual in feveral hngring
Diftempers, where there is a depravation, and weaknefs
of the Blood and Bowels.

There ftili remains behind a ftrong, and general obje-
dtion, that may perhaps fall upon this htde puny Pamph-
let, and crulh it all to pieces, that is, the Hiftories are
too ihort, and impeifed ; to which I have only this to
anfvver, Arslonga,'vitahrevhy a perfect Natural Hifto-
ry of the leaft thing in World, cannot be the Work of
one Man, or fcarce one Age, for it requires the Heads,
Hands, Studies, and Obfervations of many, wellCon>
par'd and Digefted together ; therefore this is rather an
Effay, or Topick, for men to reafon upon, when they
meet together at Publick-Houfes, and to encourage them
to follow the example of Adam^ who being in the ftatc
of Innocence did contemplate of all the Creatures that
were round about him in Paradife,but after the Fall, and
the Building of a City, tJiePhilofopher turn d Politician.

Poll-

Poftfcript.

Liquors and Drinks are of fuch general ufe , and
efteem in all the habitable parts of the World,
that a word or two concerning them cannot
be improper, or unwelcom.
Firfl tlie Saps and Juices of Trees will afford many
plcai^uic and ufcfuL Liquors. The Africans and
Incl'iatts prepare their famous Palm Wine ( which they
call Sura^ or Toddy) out of the fap of the wounded ?alm
Tree, as we do our Birch Wine in England out of the
tears of the pierced Birch Tree, which is celebrated in uili^.ont di lH
the Stone and Scurvy. Sox[\q Sycamore and Walnut being i^^(^'r
wounded will weep out their Juices, which may be fcr- ^unur.
mented into Liquors : In the Moluccas the Inhabitants vimtum Bri-
extrad a Wine out of a Tree called Landau, tAnmam.

Fruits and Berries yield many noble and neceilary
Liquors ; every Nation abounds with various Drinks
by the diverfity of tlieir Fruits and Vegetables. Efi^land
With S'lder, Perry, Cherry^ Currant, Goojeherry, Rajher-
ry. Mulberry^ Blackberry, and Strawberry Wine. France,
Spain, Italy, Hungary and Germany, produce great vari-
ety of Wines from the different fpecies, and natures of
their Grapes and Soils. In Jamaica and i?r^^// they ^'f'^."^ ^'■^'-
niake a very delicious Wine out of a Fruit called Ananas, ''"''""'"•
which is like a Pine Apple^ not inferiour to Malvafia
Wine. The Chinefes make curious Drinks out of their
Fruits; fb do the Brazilians, and Southern i^wfr/c^vj ; pifo N-ifA''.
as from their Coco, Acajou, Pacobi, their Vnni, or Mnr~ ^'J^^^' ^"^''^

tilldss

<POSTSC(]{I<PT.

iillds. Wc may note liere, chat all the Juices of Herbs,
Fruits, Seeds, and Roots will work, and ferment them-
felvcs into intoxicating Liquors, out of which Spirits,
and Brandies may be extraded, moft Nations under the
Sun has their drunken Liquors and Compounds ; the
Turk his MaJIack, the Terjians their Bangue, the Indians
their Fulo, their Rum, their Arak, and F finch. The Jra-
hlans, Turk's, Chhiefes, Tartars, and other Eajiern Coun-
tries do make inebriating Liquors out of their Corn,
and Rice: fonie rather than not be Drunk will fwallow
Hr. Mundy di Opium, Dutroy, and Tohacco, or fome other intoxicating
potnimis, thino;, fo [Treat an inclination has Mankind to be exalted.
vVmi Hat. Hi- P^^^J complains, that Drunkennefs was the fludy of his
fto^' time, and that the Romans and Parthians contended for

the glory of excelTive Wine Drinking. Hiftorians tell
us of one No-vellim Torquatus, that went through all the
honourable degrees of Dignity in Rome, wherein the
greateil Glory, and Honour he obtain'd, was for the
Drinking, in the prefence of Tihcrim, three Gallons of
Wine at one Draught, before ever he drew his breath,
and without being any ways concern'd. Athen^m fays,
that Meianthiiis wifli'd his own Neck as long as a Crane s,
that he might be the longer a tailing the pleafure of
Drinks ; yet what he reports of Lafyrtes is wonderful,
that he never drank any thing, yet notwithftanding
Athenaus, Urin d as others do. The fame famous Author takes no-
weekiy Me- ticc, that the great Drinkers us*d to eat Coleivorts to prc-
moria.». 14. yei^|. £)j.yn|^ej^tief3^ neither are fome men of our days
I much inferiour to thofe celebrated Antients. The Ger-

i maffs commonly Drink whole Tankards, and Ell Glalies

I at a Draught, adoring him that Drinks fairly, and mofl,

*■ and hating him that will not pledg them. The Dutch Men

will filute their Guefts with a Pail, and a Diili, making
;, " Hoi^llieads of their Bellies. The Folancler thinks him

bravcil fellow, that Drinks mofl Healths, and car-
ries

tht

POSTSdilPT.

ries his Liquor bed, being of opinion, that there is as
much Valour in Drinking, as Fighting. The RtifianSy
Suedes, and Danes y have fo naturaliz'd Brandy, A^ua Vi-
tce. Beer, Mumy^c. that they ufually Drink our £;/^///^
Men to Death, fo that the mod ingenious Author of the
Vine turn Britannic urn concludes, that temperance (rela-
tively fpeaking ) is the Cardinal Vertue of the Englifh, ■
It is very wonderful what Mr. Ligon^ and otker Ar^e-
rican Travelers relates of the CaJJava Root, how out of Ugon^ HiHo-
it, the Americans do generally make their Bread, and 0 °f ^^'■^^''^'J'
common Drink, called Parranow; yet that Root is known
to be a great Poyfon if taken raw : their ":) rink call'd
Mohhy is made of Potatoe's. But we will cC ' ^e all
with l^irgil^ who fpeaking of the many Liqu^"^ his
time, fays, Sed ne^ue quarifi rinulta f pedes, necnoh^^ ([u^
Junt eft i^umerus, ' >?

F I :n^is.

A Help to Ettglijh Hiflory, containing a SucceflTion o£
all the Kings of Englandy the E>fglijh Saxons, and -i
the Brltyns ; the Kings and Princes of VValcsy the
Kinac ajd Lords of ^to, thelile of Wight : As alfo
c ""^/^Sie Dukes, Marquefles, Earls and Biihops therc-
ti '^^With the Defcription of the places from whence
tr fy had their Titles ; Together with the Names, and
Ranks of the Vifcounts, Barons and Baronets of
England, By P, Heylyn^ D. i>.
Monument a Weftmonaflerienjia : Or an Hiflorical Ac- ^
count of the Original, Increafe, and Prefent State of
St. Peters, or the Abby Church o{ IVeflmhfler. With
all the Epitaphs, Infcriptions, Coats of Arms, and At-
chievments of Honour belonging to the Tombs and
Grave flones: Together with the Monuments them-
felves faithfully defcribed andfet forth. By H, K. of
the Inner Temple, Gent.

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