HARVARD UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MOLLUSKS IN THE {useum of Comparative Zoology Gift of: | | i LAY tre a temps WR wa oo 4 ty i an a Deas iN Bee n> ee UMNO ho) Oa aa CEN Ak A THE NATURAL HISTORY | OF BRITISH SHELLS, INCLUDING FIGURES anv DESCRIPTIONS SPECIES HITHERTO DISCOVERED IN GREAT BRITAIN, SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED 6 IN THE LINNEAN MANNER, WITH SCIENTIFIC AND GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON EACH. $a EE SD Chee POLM I. By E. DONOVAN, F:L.S. AUTHOR OF THE NATURAL HISTORIES OF BRITISH BIRDS, INSECTS, &c. &c. Sa LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, AND FOR ¥. AND C. RIVINGTON, N° 62, ST. PAUL’S CHURCH-YARD, BY RYE AND LAW, ST. JOHN’S SQUARE, GLERKENWELL. —s fo 18)1. oGy AAI AT: gaye , ’ EF a aya 7 os" re braaee stay ma tes 5 \ ts BM Ea a ees | tie ; ae "3 Taian ab “POND SALA ATCA OLY has Ya, Dabribeley -, ; Pee 5s bomen sien ps ' » iy sat wis ‘ 4 : ; ret roy . 7 q : \ eg , ‘seh . a <™ rte i ‘ eh ' i mi, et . < a is CL its i Agila . 5 rine re t 4a eS ea. hag ‘ 4 nm hon ai WU Kee UR ee ey oF heh yee ERE Oe Pe . ( ‘3 ' f th. io’ Bate X Pep. “ ee ‘ » - ‘ past PA (nia ign a. fe an AOD FO AP ONG SC em) Dee BE ATS. r Bi i 4G . A it a » J he ’ x¥ he iter f Tey D % wiv Aerie ree SKE hS i bid \ a" , : c vey : oe AS Renae ed § (7s i { THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH SHELLS. —==2 060 SL 000 e=—— PLATE LXXIII. MYA MARGARITIFERA. RIVER PEARL MUSCLE. GENERIC CHARACTER, Animal an Ascidia. Shell bivalve, gaping at one end. The hinge for the most part furnished with a thick strong broad tooth, not inserted into the oppofite valve. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell oblong, thick, and covered with a coarse black epidermis, much decorticated or worn down about the beaks. A large notched conic tooth in one yalve, and two small ones in the other. Bey PLATE LXXIIL Mya MARGARITIFERA: testa ovata anterius coarctata, cardinis dente primario conico, natibus decorticatis. Lznn. Fn. Suec. 2130.—Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. 3219. sp. 4: Mya nigrescens crassa & ponderosa margaritifera. Margaritifera. Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 225. sp. 53. tab. 15. fig. 3. 3. Musculus niger omnium crassissima et ponderosissima testa. Concha longe species. Gesn. X Aldrov. Last. App. HH An: Angl. poir. tit. 31. tab. 1. fig ee App. H. An. Angl. in Goed. p. 15. tit. 31. tab. 1. fig. 1. Musculus niger omnium longe crassissimus. Conchz long species. Gefn. & Aldr. Hist. Conch. tab. 149. fig. 4. Musculi margaritiferi. Bede Hist. Ecclestast. J. 1. c. 1. Martin’s West. Isles. p. 1. Ke. Pearl Muscles. Leigh Lancashire, p. 134. Mytulus major margaritiferus. Wallis Northumb. p. 403. No. 42. Mya margaritifera. Pearl. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 18. tab. 43. fig. 18. «¢ This shell,’ says Pennant, ‘is noted for producing quantities of pearl. There have been regular fisheries for the sake of this pre- cious article in several of our rivers. Sixteen have been found in one shell. They are the disease of the fifh analogous to the stone inthe human body. On being squeezed, they will eject the pearl, and often cast it spontaneously in the sand of the stream. «© The Conway was noted for them in the days of Camden. A notion also prevails that Sir Richard Wynne, of Gwydir, chamber- Pea Ee OL. > Jain to Catherine queen to Charles II. presented her majesty with a pearl (taken in this river) which is to this day honoured with a place in the regal crown. They are called by the Welsh Cregin Diluw, or Deluge Shells, as if left there by the flood. “ “h ie j : 2 f ¥; / vi Ay; a A jr y eh “4 vn ‘ eu hud ius ; rhe ‘ oo hh \ ; 4 ‘ 7 4 ; i ty ; Bu Ma | ] t 1 ay er 3 i ] \ { ' yet vr t f j 4 hy \ hh oe ry y '¢ yi al * } 4 4 C id | 7 i f ti i * ' r i f y r . ' ‘ ' , “ ‘ i i ‘ 4 ‘y ‘ , i ry _ T ' * ; r] “ I rh a vi "4 ‘ ‘ - . i 7 s 1 s a 7 ; Pre ‘ ‘ 9 » 2 A PLAT Ei: LXXViEE ARCA CAUDATA. TAILED ARK SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Tethys. Shell bivalve equivalve. Teeth of the hinge numerous, inserted between each other. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Oblong oval, one end rotundated, the other produced or length- ened out, angulated, and truncated at the end. ARCA CAUDATA: testa oblongo ovali anterius rotundata posterius elongata angulata, apice subtruncata. Very rare, and not hitherto described as a British species. Found ' on the Kentish coast. ; aes pane i at yr rmgetaey dina cad bat . ? , aa TSA RA BAR i sags + agile Ua doit: ost Neldiite ies ‘ine, a tte iaten 2al8 hha ie i i ay it j S iS . a r > H , b , my i ie Ne coho sober ptistos: deity Oger ido. oat > ‘1 i Ree. Ry) Wa WL NCAA ersynatiduy ai ab oars wayeni a bie a TN vs i * Dei Bean my ae ‘hie: aac oage Mui: a am bod s205 or wlio! sede Gave “area Piast 2 UNA: BULLA RESILIENS. ELASTIC BULLA. ~—— GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Shell rather convoluted at one end, sub-oval. Aperture oblong. Shell oval, pellucid, elastic. Spire somewhat depressed and cana- liculated, or grooved along the margin. Buia ReEsILIENs: ovalis, pellucida, vi resiliendi przdita, spira, subdepressa anfractibus canaliculatus. This interesting species of Bulla, which has lately been found in Devonshire, and considered as a new discovery, was first in- troduced to the notice of English Conchologists by the Rev. Mr. Cordiner. He discovered them some years ago on the shores of Bamff, and sent them, with several others, disposed in a grotto work, as a present to the late Duchess of Portland. Since that time they have been found at Lymington, in Hampshire, by VOL. Ifi. B PLAT E..-ExRIXx. Mr. Keate; and lastly, during the summer months of 1800, was taken in a moat near Portsmouth, by J. Laskey, Esq. of Cre- diton, who favoured us with some particulars respecting the ani- mal inhabiting it. In a young state, he says, it has the appear-. ance of a winged insect, and sports in its watery element with all the liveliness of a butterfly, and formed a pleasing object when kept alive in a glass of sea water. It seems to prefer little pools, or still waters within reach of the tide, to more exposed situations. In general the specimens that have been found at Portsmouth are very small, the shell from which the upper figure is copied far exceeding the others in size. This species, though very thin and brittle, is yet so elastic as to bear much compression with- out injury, and in this respect differs from every other British species of Bulla already known. Amongst the foreign kinds are several elastic kinds; and this very species is found of a much larger size in the Mediterranean Sea.—lIndependent of its elasticity, the convoluted apex is a material character of this shell, considered as a British species. 80 PLATE EXXX. TURBO MUSCORUM. CYLINDRIC, OR MOSS WREATH SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Univalve, spiral or of a taper form. Aperiure somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Cylindric, pellucid, six spires, separated by a strong furrow, obtuse at the tip. Mouth oval. Turso Muscorum: testa ovata obtusa pellucida: anfractibus senis secundis, aperture edentula. Gmel. Linn. Syst, Nat. p. 3611. sp. 94. Cochlea testa subpellucida, spiris sex dextrorsis, subcylindracea obtusa, Linn. Faun. Suec. Y. p. 372. No. 1301. 2. No. 2013. Turbo minimus mucrone obtuso, sive ‘vere cylindraceus. Cylindra- ceus, tab.5. fig. 16. Buccinum exiguum subflavum, mucrone obtuso, sive cylindraceum. List. H. An. Angl. p. 121. tit. 6. tab. 2. fig. 6. Buccinulum minimum ovale. Petiv. Gaz. tab. 35. fig. 6. Morton, Norihampt. p. 415. Turbo Muscorum. Pen. Br. Zool. No. 118. tab. 82. fig. 118? PLATE LXXX. Linnzus and Da Costa have described this species with six spires ; Pennant mentions only four; and we have remarked, that those with four spires are more numerous than the others. It is a small shell, rarely exceeding the size of the smallest figures in the annexed plate; is very transparent, smooth and glossy, but under the magnifier exhibits many longitudinal streaks. This shell inhabits mosses on old walls, thatches, trees, &c. It has been found by Da Costa in Middlesex and Surry ; by Petiver on the sandy banks of the Thames, at Kingston, in the latter county. Dr. Lister, in plenty at Estrope, in Lincolnshire. Morton, in great plenty in the ground near Morsley Wood, in Northamptonshire; and re- ceived also by Da Costa, from Leeswood, in Flintshire. fe 4 She aly ) Ps ij? a Wot iP ad \ Pye PLAT E °-LXXXf. MYTILUS PELLUCIDUS. PELLUCID MUSCLE. GENERIC CHARACTER. The hinge toothless and consists of a longitudinal furrow. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. \ Oblong, very pellucid, rayed longitudinallywith purple. MyTILus PELLuUcIDUs: oblonga pellucida longitudinaliter violaceo- radiata. MytTitus PetLucipus. Penn. Brit. Zool. 4. p. 112. sp. 15. This is one of the new species of Mytilus discovered by Pennant on the coast of Anglesea, where he says, it is ‘* found sometimes in oyster-beds, and sometimes in trawling over slutchy bottoms.” We dredged up a specimen of it in the straits of Menai, but it was rather less of an oblong form than that described and figured by Pennant; and another similar to’it was also found on the Flintshire shores :— both Pennant’s specimen and ours are figured in the annexed plate. VOL. III. © PLATE LXXxI. We have lately received a very analogous species, if not a mere variety of it from Portsmouth; but those were evidently of foreign growth, having been gathered from the bottom of the William Tell prize ship, soon after its arrival from Malta. FoR yA, OAD t , f = + ' il i y? i Ae f un t a i a’ ie - 4 ‘ . Sy Ae. , iy hy 4 i WA) 4s ~ ! ‘ . a a of Li ‘ A 4 i . ‘ A 4 f *. i I ann ' shige hy ‘ x i i 1 7 ay! 0 s e) \ ' 4 . a x . iy ts ) j — r j Ss u J r oN, bee a n a) ; r ye) 1 \ f * Lf at : f ya i Re aH. hom ; : ‘ ’ . : " Vi j > , as ¢ < a 4 ty ity “i> { i ‘ ; a r x ¥ fs , 7 ye ' i , *. . i \ ' -i + . ~ i ‘ ‘| i i . ry * i af * 1 Va ' RR Te ie Ue he te os P Ry hd ‘ at ‘ 8 AP ee i . Las t 2 J vii we iM w) } aie j ad AT 1/ ‘ *e) / ’ : te "ey { j ees ' ' heat ONAUD. | ial) 4, a Sy se ee ee, »* ; f ‘ ; i ' d whys, We ¢ ca i : ‘ay i \ I ates Oy ‘ i i ‘ } vee '" 4 Bot a ‘ 7 Th : Ny 2 £ = Mend et Oe =" f y Ty : , } CAS TA ean s C ‘ ' “I PLATE LXXXIL > MYA DECLIVIS. SLOPING MYA, OR GAPER. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal an Ascidia. Shell bivalve gaping at one end. The hinge for the most part furnished with a thick, strong, and broad tooth, not inserted into the opposite valve. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. . a Shell somewhat oval, posterior end obliquely angulated. Tooth ef the hinge thick and scarcely prominent. Mya DECLIvis: testa subovali, postice oblique subangulata. Car- dinis dente crasso vix prominente. Mya Dectivis with a brittle, half transparent shell, with a hinge slightly prominent; less gaping than the truncata ; near the open end sloping downwards. Penn. Br. wool. Vol. 4. p. 19. sp. 15. PLATE LXXAT Pennant informs us that this species is frequent about the He- brides ; and that the fish is eaten by the gentry. We cannot question his authority in this respect, but must observe, it is un- commonly rare in cabinets of British Shells, and has not even been noticed, we believe, by any other Author.—Pennant has not figured it. SPE ACT Ei ook Re. VENUS GRANULATA. SPECKLED VENUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. * Bivalve. Hinge furnished with three teeth; two near each other, and the third divergent from.the beaks. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell rotund, sulcated longitudinally and decussated with transverse striz; margins crenulated. Outside whitish, variegated with livid and purple spots. Inside violet. Venus GRANULATA: testa rotundata decuffatim striata anterius et margine crenulato violacea. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3277. sp. 33. Venus marica. Born. ALus. Ces. vind. test. t. 4. f. 5.6. Born has figured and described this shell as Venus Marica, and to distinguish it from a Linnean species of the same name some con- » PLATE LXXXIIL chologists have denominated it Venus Marica spuria. It is the Venus granulata of Gmelin, who refers to Born’s figure in the synonyms. Gmelin describes another shell under the name of Venus Violacea ; which nearly agrees with V. granulata, V. VioLACEA: testa intus violacea: striis perpendicularibus squamosis, margine denticulato. Gmel. Syst. Nat. p. 3288. sp. 94. This shell is figured in Laster’s Conch. t. 338. f. 175. and is destitute of those external marks and specklings we have invariably observed on specimens of Venus gra~ nulata. V. granulata is very raré on our coast. The smallest shell m the ‘ annexed plate was found in Cornwall. ‘The large specimen is pro- bably an old shell of this species. PLATE LXXXIV. HELIX POMATIA. ITALIAN OR EXOTIC SNAILe GENERIC CHARACTER. _ Aperture of the mouth contracted and lunulated. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell globose, with five spires, and umbilicated ; whitish fasciated with brown. Mouth rather roundish. He.rx PomATIA: testa umbilicata subovata obtusa decolore, aper= tura subrotundo-lunatae Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3627. sp. 47. Fn. Suec. 1283. Cochlea magna cinereo rufescens, fasciata, leviter umbilicata. Po- MATIA. Da Costa. Br. Conch. p, 67. sp. 38. tab. 4. fig. 14. 14, Cochlea cinerea, maxima, edulis, cujus os operculo crasso velut Gypseo per hyemem clauditur. Pomatia. Gesn. de Aquat. pp. 644. 255. Cochlea cinereo rufescens, fasciata, leviter umbilicata. Pomatia Gesneri. List. H. Conch. tab: 48. fig. 46. c 4 PLATE LXXXIV: » Cochlea pomatia edulis Gesneri. List. Exercit. Anat. 1. p. 162. tab. 1. Cochlea alba major cum suo operculo. Merret Pim. p. 207. Morton Northampt. p. 415. Rutty Dublin. p. 379. Helix Pomatia, Exotic. _Penn. Br. Sool. No. 128. tab. 84, fig. 128. Pomatia. Argenville Conch. I. tab. 32. fig. 1. p. 383. Il. p. 338. ' tab. 28. fig. 1. p. 81. tab. 9. fig. 4. Helix testa imperforata globosa rufescente, fasciis obsoletis. JAZul. Sool. dan. prodr. 2901. Hist. verm. 2. p. 43. mi 2453. Cochlea testa ovata quinque spirarum, pomatia dicta. Linn. Fn. Suec. 1. p. 369. No. 1293. II. No. 2183. Martin berl. Mag. 2. p. 530. tab. V. fig. 1. et. 3. tab. 2. fig. 13. ’ Schroet. Erdconch. p. 145. n. 14. 15. tab... fig. 10. Knorr Vergn. 1. tab. 21. fig. 32. ee ay ne en Pennant has named this species of Helix with some propriety the Exotic Snail, for, though it is found at this time in vast abundance in several parts of the country, it is not an indigenous kind. By whom it was first introduced is uncertain; Pennant mentions Sir Kenelm Digby, and Da Costa speaks of Charles Howard, Esq. of the Arundel family. Its history, as related by Da Costa, is so very interesting, that we shall give it in the words of its author :— << It is the largest species of land snail in England, and is found in hedges and woods. Jt closes its shell carefully against winter, with a PLATE LXXXIVv. “white thick cover or operculum, dull and like plaister, and in the closed state it remains: till the beginning of April, or warm weather, at which time it loosens the border of the cover, and the animal “creeps out of the shell for its necessary occasions. Dr. Lister in- forms us he kept one in his bosom about the beginning of March, when the animal, feeling the warmth, in a few hours disengaged its cover, and crept out. ‘¢ ‘The animal being large, fleshy, and not of an unpleasant taste, has been used for food in ancient. times: it was a favourite dish with the Romans, who had their cochlearia, or snail stews, wherein they bred and fattened them. Pliny tells us, that the first inventor of this luxury was a Fulvius Harpinus, a little before the civil wars between Czsar and Pompey. Varro has handed down to us a description of the stews, and manner of making them: He says, open places were chose, sutrounded by water, that the snails might not abandon them, and care was taken that the places were not much exposed to thesun, er to thedews. The artificial stews were generally made under rocks or eminences, whose bottoms were watered by lakes or rivers; and if a natural dew or moisture was not found, they formed an artificial one, by bringing a pipe to it bored full of holes, like a watering pot, by which the place was continually sprinkled or moistened. The snails required little attention or food, for as they crawled they found it on the floor or area, and on the walls or sides, if not hindered by the surrounding water. ‘They were fed with bran and sodden lees of wines, or like substances, and a few laurel leaves were thrown on it. ‘< Pliny tells us there were many sorts, as the Whitish from Um- bria, the large sort from Dalmatia, and the African, &c. This pare PLATE LXXXIV. ticular kind seems to be that he mentions, 1.8.c. 39. They propa= gate very much, and their spawn is very minute. «© Varro is scarcely to be credited, when he says, some would gtow so large, that their shells held ten quarts. «© They were also fed and fattened in large pots or pans, stuck full of holes to let in the air, and lined with bran and sodden lees, or vegetables. «¢ They are yet used as food in several parts of Europe, more ess pecially during Lent, and are preserved in ftews or escargotoires, now a large place boarded. in, and the floor covered with herbs, wherein they nestle and feed. “< In Italy, in many places, they are sold in the markets, and are called Bavoli, Martinacct and Gallinelle ; in many provinces of France, as Narbonne, Franche Comté, &c. and even in Paris. They boil them, says Lister, in river water, and seasoning them with salt, pepper, and oil, make a hearty repast. « This is not indigenous, or originally a native of these kingdoms, but a naturalized species, that has throve so well, as now to be found in very great quantities. It was first imported to us from Italy about the middle of last century, by a scavoir vivre, or epicure, as an article af food. Mr. Aubrey informs us, it was a Charles Howard, Esq. of the Arundel family, who, on that account, scattered and dispersed those snails all over the downs, and in the woods, &c. at Albury, an ancient seat of that noble family, near Ashted, Boxhill, Dorking, and Ebbisham, or Epsom, in Surrey, where they have thriven so much that all that part of the county, even to the confines of Sussex, PLATE LXXXIV. abounds with them ; insomuch that they are a nuisance, and far sur- pass in number the common, or any other species of English snails. The Epicures, or scavotr vivre, of those days, followed this luxu- rious folly, and the snails were scattered or dispersed throughout the kingdom, but not with equal success; neither have records trans- mitted to posterity the fame of those worthies equal to the Roman Fulvius Harpinus, except of two, the one Sir Kenelm Digby, who dispersed them about Gothurst the seat of that family (now of the Wrights) near Newport Pagnel, in Buckinghamshire, where probably they did not thrive much, as they were not frequent thereabout : the other worthy was a lord Hatton, recorded by Mr. Morton, who scattered them in the coppices at his seat at Kirby, in Northampton- shire, where they did not succeed. «© Dr. Lister found them about Puckeridge and Ware, in Hert- fordshire ; and observes, they are abundant in the Southern parts, but are not found in the northern parts of this island. ** In Surry, as before mentioned, they abound ; in several other counties they are not uncommon, as in Oxfordshire, especially about ‘Woodstock and Bladen; in Gloucefterfhire, in Chedworth parish, and about Frog Mill, in Dorsetshire, &c. but I have never heard that they are yet met with in any of the northern counties.”’ ‘ +) tat eri eee hase pata » salen sidan poqweley Bgeees ie "ae eS ee Se eloa atu f Ree “ phetatontiath ah een cme ee ise oc aa ‘ esr if to 2B isda ela BPaIAOD. 31h ORs PSEA a8, 5 he SR Mere _ evant BE val ae sae hie, ae y ‘ spat! a Re ve Pte: aodet ie wos owt i) A a ey easlin a uth sabia: oa eat warigada at Cee bi) | Bites aia We, HIG nto 4D oA finn 4 oul wat \ ry oa ne hi abu ve om al wae sat} pei GiOE sine ee coe hee wens 2p os AON ET 27 4h gests Jats ryt ie fie pam OMB OBS:. thi valine Sn) ole, rth, ‘reed bao. Pai awash a neath Bh asp Desig ic saath att, JL igo ‘ediage?, frase Sree ia ins ‘ik (iy, Mi eh AM tare 1 . .’s, we at oo \ PLATE. LXXXV. MYA ARENARIA. SAND GAPER, . GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal an Ascidia. Shell bivalve, gaping at one end. ‘The hinge for the most part furnished with a thick, strong, broad tooth, not in- serted in the opposite valve. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell rather ovated, one end rounded, the other narrow and gaping. Hinge, in one valve a hollow cavity, near which a broad, erect, rounded tooth of the opposite valve is received. Mya ARENARIA: testa ovata posterius rotundata, cardinis dente an- trorsum porrecto rotundato denticuloque laterali. Lin. Faun. Suec. 2127.—Gmel. Linn. Syst. p. 3218. 303. sp. 2. Mya Arenaria. Sand. Penn. Br. Zool. p. 19. T. 42. 16. Chamz media ovata fusca. Arenaria. Da Cofta. Br. Conch. p, 232. sp. 56. 4 Mya ARENaARIA. Bast. opusc, subs. 2. p. 69. ¢. 7. fig. 1-3. PLATE LXXXV. This species is similar in its external appearance to the Mactra Lu- traria; yet it may be immediately distinguished from that shell by the singular, structure of the hinge. The large, erect, plate-like tooth common to the Mya genus, is particularly characteristic in this species. Da Costa received it from the Isle of Wight, near Newport, and from Bigbury-Bay, near Faversham ; but observes, it is rot a com- a mon shell. PLATE LXXXVI. MUREX DECOLLATUS. SHORTENED MUREX, OR ROCK SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Spiral, rough, the aperture ending m a strait, and somewhat produced gutter or canaliculation. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Murex DEcoLLATus: testa ventricosa levi, patulo-subcaudata, spira in capitulum desinente. Somewhat ventricose, smooth, mouth produced. Spire terminated in a capitulum or knob. | Murex Decottatus. Penn. Br. Sool. T. 4. p. 125. sp. 102. ae RE BS Pennant offers his Murex Decollatus as a species with doubts. It has certainly the appearance of a shell much mutilated, or of extraor~ dinary growth ; but as all the specimens we have examined exhibit the same appearance, we have ventured to assign it a new character, and tank it as a distinct species. It is a rare shell on the British shores, said to have been found on those of Cornwall and Devonshire. at Rc! i f ang sax: baie o {itis SR MED va a : mt Tiers 2% area: x a FEN SUAITER oi al of ey ¥) Ns | Tay. ches. ; jean Aah: bee i. fox one 3 Re eh oripoaed’} ; ¢" tk | Beryl. tang ise vet fey Py ae ITA: ronan 7% ee aS el «ul ea ra ‘by al Bin hones don chp! team 4 ee tut iy dae " eo . aR are ad FO RE AAT Oe PLoS ATS Vivtha ee ' 17 1% : , ' 7 : r a : ee a Ae gowns ids Mayty Polio Seesae hi: ett ee yo Fo ade hes opel * / te oy 2 ge oS Oe Jute iS yerere fi te i ‘ke 9 gia" HES ‘ ‘ . : ; : ey im che Tittact as Ry jeah wire el dene sei alirscom beds Uhl oe Leet RE i AS pn vids 3 ‘i Br io RR do Mts ‘enkapgs soni # dis Fa ‘i aie they 1 yes Pied giek ae 1h vie j t Le / the ene Pe a 3 oy Raia oP HeMbgekE Sra! vile We ; ‘od hi a 4 eds We? Bet ae ‘ ee nares Aare > \ Ps bel} ‘ - i : if iB ; F al PLAT LXXXVITI. ‘HELIX VIVIPARA. VIVIPAROUS SNAIL. GENERIC CHARACTER. od ‘i Apetture of the mouth contracted and lunulated. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell suboval, obtuse, spires ventricose or swelled, umbilicated. Olive, girdled with three brown lines. HELIX ViVIPARA: testa imperforata subovata obtusa cornea: cin- gulis fuscatis, apertura suborbiculari F'n. Su. 2185.—Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3646. sp. 105. Cochlea testa oblongiuscula obtusa anfractibus teretibus, lineis trie bus lividis. #7. Suec. J. p. 375. No. 1312. Cochlea maxima fusca sive nigricans, fasciata. List. H. dn. Angi. p-133. tit. 18. tab. 2. fig. 18. Cochlea fasciata ore ad amussim rotundo. PAil. Trans. No. 105. fig. 17.—Cochlea maxima viridescens fasciata vivipara. Last. Exercit. Anat.2. p. 11. tab. 2. C. vivipara fasciata fluviatilis. List. H. Conch. tab. 126. fig. 26.— C. vivipara altera nostras testa tenuiori fluvit Cham. 1h. Mant, tab. 1055. fig. C. s VOL, IIl. Dd > PLATE. LXXXVIL Helix vivipara, viviparous. Penn. Br. ool. No, 132. tab. 84. Jig. 132. é - Cochlea fusco viridescens trifasciata. Vivipara. Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 81. sp. 44. Te eS SE This kind is found in abundance in all rivers and stagnant waters. The river kind seems to vary in some respects from the other; the shells are more opake, and the colours are brighter than in those ~ which inhabit the stagnant water. ‘The animal has a head not unlike that of a Bull, from which cir- cumstance the Swedes, according to Linnzus, call it the Bull-head, and some French authors, dimagon a tete de bauf, for the same reason, It feeds on Duck Weed. t “4g = Ao ae baie & LA Pe LXXXVGIL, BULLA HYDATIS. PINNACE DIPPER, OR BUBBLE SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Shell rather convoluted at one end; sub-oyal, Aperture oblong. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. * Oblong-oval; fragile, pellucid, finely striated lorigitudinally, base deeply umbilicated. Butta Hyparis: testa rotundata pellucida longitudinaliter substri- ata: vertice umbilicato. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1183. No. 311.—Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat.3424. sp. 9. Nux Marina umbilicata, minutissime per longitudinem striata, sub- | rotunda, ore admodum patulo, tenius, fragilis can- dida. Gualt.1. Conch. tab. 13. fig. D. D. Chemn. 9. t. 118. f. 1019. Bulles d’eau blanches, papyracées. Tonnes A bouche entiere. D’ Avila Cab. p. 207. No. 389. Bulla Ovalis, fragilis et pellucida, Naviacula. Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 28, sp. 15.——Tab. 1. fig. 10. VOL. Ill. zB PLATE LXXXVII. Da Costa observes, that all the shells he had seen of this species were fished up at, or near, Weymouth in Dorsetshire; and concludes, | that it is rare in our seas, having never heard of it on any other Bri- . tish coast. We.believe with Da Costa, it is local; though it prd- a ees, inhabits other sh of our coasts. We have been ie favoured with several shells of the Bulla Bulla Naviacula, (Hydatis of Linnzeus) as will appear evident fom the specimens figured in the annexed plate. waa Fig. 1.—Bulla Naviacula (Hydatis Linn.) Fig. 2,4 specimen from Portsmouth of a paler colour than Da Costa’s shell. ——Fig. 3, 4, ald shells found on the mud and clay of the shore. - - 7 * 4 * wh se PLATE LXXXIX, MYA OVALIS. OVAL GAPER, GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal ascidia: Shell bivalye, gaping at one end. The hinge for the most part furnished with a thick, strong, broad tooth, not in- _serted in the opposite valve. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell rather an oblong oval, with a large longitudinal crenulated tooth in one valve, and two in the other. MYA oOvALIs: testa oblongo-ovali cardinis dente primario crenulato longitudinali: alterius duplicato. Mususculus angustior, ex flavo viri descens, validus, umbonibus acutis, yalvarum cardinibus velut pinnis donatis, sinuosis. Last. Angl. t. 2. f. 30. Long thick horse Muscle. Petwv. Gaz. tab. 93. fig. 9 Mya pictorum. Penn. Br. Zool. 43. fig. 17. E 2 PLATE CARR. Mya minor ex flavo viridescens. PicToRuM Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 228. tab. 14. fig. 4. 4. —EEEOEOOqQqQqQqQqQaaaaeee Pennant and Da Costa havé ertoneously given this as the Afye pictorum of Linnzus, from which it differs in several respects. The Mya pictorum is much more ovate, or egg-shaped, as Linnzus ex- presses it, and thinner than the present shell, which is of a lengthened, or rather oblong form, and remarkably thick, though semi-transparent. In adopting a new specific name that of oblonga would have been preferred, had it not been pre-engaged by Gmevzn to a totally distinct species. This species is common in rivers and fresh waters, and sometimes produce little pearls. PRA T Exe, TURBO LACTEUS. SMALL. TURBO. GENERIC CHARACTER, Animal Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Aper- ture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell taper, with many longitudinal, elevated striz, or ridges. Turso LacrTevs; testa turrita: striis longitudinalibus elevatis con- fertis, Zinn, Syst. Nat. p. 1238. No. 634. Turbo parvus interdum lacteus, interdum violaceus aut fuscus, costis - Jongitudinalibus confertus. Parvus. Da Costa. Br. Conch, p. 104, sp. G1, Found on the coasts of Cornwall, Devonshire, and Guernsey.— This is a minute and scarce British species; the smallest figures in the annexed plate denote the natural size, E 3 PLATE XC. Some specimens are pure white, others beautifully tinged with - purple; and the most perfect white and brown. The mouthis round, surrounded on the outside by a thick prominent border. It has no umbilicus. The shell consists of five spires, gradually tapering to an acute point; and separated by a depression. The longitudinal ribs are thick and prominent. —_ aie kon ~ ae . he ae — — ey wt ' ssf ig Be Are xen MUREX COSTATUS RIBBED MUREX. GENERIC CHARACTER. Spiral, rough. The aperture ending in a strait and somewhat pro- duced gutter or canaliculation. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Oblong, spires six, tapering, with eight longitudinal ribs. Buccinum canaliculatum parvum, anfractibus costis longitudinalibus distinctis. Costatum. Da Costa. Tab. 8. ° Jig. 4. Murex costatus. Ribbed. Penn. Br. Sool. No. 100. tab. 79. fig. 1. 4. . This elegant little shell was first discovered by Mr, Pennant, on the coast of Anglesea, and described under the name of Murex Cos- tatus. In retaining this name it will be proper to observe, that Gmelin, in his edition of the Systema Nature, has another shell E 4 PLATE XCI. under the same name, a ribbed and cancellated species found in a fossil state, in Champagne, altogether distinct from this shell. Da Costa received this species ftom the coasts of Cornwall and Devonshire. Pennant says it inhabits Norway. The smallest figures denote the natural size, fo lo PLATE xXciL” MYA TRUNCTATA. TRUNCATED GAPER, GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal an ascidia, Shell bivalve, gaping at one end. The hinge for the most part furnished with a thick, strong, broad tooth, not inserted into the opposite valve. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS, Shell roundish, one end trunctated or abrupt. Tooth projecting and obtuse. Mya TRUNCTATA: testa ovata posterius trunctata, cardinis dente antrorsum porrecto obtussissimo. Linn. a. Gmel. Syst. Nat. T. I. fig. 6. p. 3217. Concha levis, altera tantum parte clusilis, apophysi admodum pro- minente lataque predita. List. H. dn. Angl. p: 191. tt. 36. tab. &. fig. 36. ‘ PLATE XCIL Mya trunetata, abrupt. Penn. Br. Zool. 4. 14. tab. 4%. fig. 14. Chama subrotunda fusca rugosa, exaltera parte trunctata. Trowe- tata. Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 233. sp. 57. Common on many of the British shores. OP) es PLATE XCIIL HELIX TENTACULATA.’ KERNEL, OR OLIVE WATER SNAIL. GENERIC CHARACTER. _Aperture of the mouth contracted and lunulated. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell without umbilicus, sub-conic, five spires. Aperture rather oval. HELIx TENTACULATA: testa imperforata ovata obtusa impura, aper- ture subovata. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1249. n. 107. €ochlea parva pellucida, operculo testaceo cochleatoque clausa. Lis?. H. Conch. tab. 132. fig. 32. Cochleola oblonga fluviatilis, common small river snail. Petiv. Gaz. tab. 18. fig. 8.—Small fresh water turbo with five wreaths. Wallis Northumb. p. 370. Turbo imperforatus parvus subrufus, levis, quinque spirarum. Nu- cleus. Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 91. sp. 50. PLATE. XCHE Helix tentaculata. Penn. Brit. Zool. 4. No. 140. tab. 86, fig: 140. Inhabits most rivers and stagnant waters. | ‘ PLATE XCIV. STROMBUS COSTATUS: RIBBED STROMBUS. GENERIC CHARACTERe. Animal a slug. Shell univalve, spiral. | Aperture dilated, lip éx- panding, produced into a groove. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell small; brown, taper, spires swelled, arid wrought with pro minent longitudinal ribs. Strombiformis parvus fuscis, anfractibus costis elatis longitudinalibtis insignitis. Costatus. Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 118. sp. 71. Da Costa, who is the only author that describes this curious shell, says it is found on the coasts of Cornwall. entail vies sino avlinees sare ap. 841 “ wes sed at nn) co PLATE XCV. SERPULA YVERMICULARIS. COMMON SERPULA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal a terebella, or whimble worm. Shell tubular, adheres to other bodies, as shells, stones, &c. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS, Shell round, cylindrical, or scarcely tapering, curved and wrmkled. SERPULA VERMICULARIS: testa tereti subulata curvata rugosa, Lin. Syst. Nat. a Gmel. T. I. fig. 4. p. 3743. —Dentalium testa cylindracea inequali flexuosa ; contorta. Lin. Fn. Sv. J. p. 380. No. 1328. Tubuli in quibus vermes. Worm Shells. AMJerret, Pin. p. 194. SERPULA VERMICULARIs. Worm. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 157. | tab. 91. fig. 159. Serpulz vermicularis, common. Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 18. sp. 9. —Tab. 2. fig. 5. . Those shells are extremely frequent on all the British coasts, either in groupes attached to stones, shells and marine exuviz, or in single PLATE) XCY, detached shells; assuming sometimes the appearance of a turbinated univalve. The colour is in general white: an elegant variety, deeply tinged with red, as represented in the annexed plate, was dredged up at Brighton, and communicated by Mr. P. Munn, of Bond-street. pen amecenhy Pe Z 6 9 POAT E XCVL TELLINA CORNEA. HORNY TELLEN. GENERIC CHARACTER. The hinge usually furnished with three teeth; shell generally sloping on one side. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Subglobose, glabrous, horn colour, with a transverse furrow. Texiina Cornea: concha testa subglobosa glabra cornei coloris : sulco transversali, Ln. Musculus exiguus, pisi magnitudine, rotundus subflavus, ipsis valya- rum oris albidis. Lzst. 1. dn. Angl. p. 150. Ht: 3. tabs 2 fie. 21. Pectunculus fluviatilis nostras nuciformis. Petiv. Mus. p. 86. No. 831. Musculus fluviatilis, equilaterus, levis rotundus, pisiformis, ex rubro flavescens, ipsis valvarum oris albidis. Gualt. I. ‘ Conch. tab, 1. fig. C. VOL. Ill. A F PLATE RCV. C. Parvum globosum viride-fuscum. Nux, Da Costa Br. Conch. Lis Tellina Corea. Horny. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 36. tab; 49. fig. 39. RR ence an mR NS GSE TURTON RELA ARTE Da Costa observes, that Linnzus has placed this shell very impro- perly in the Tellina genus, as it does not agree with his own defini- tion of that genus, and remarks that its habit, shape, convexity, &c. brings it nearer to the Cardium than any other kind.—It still remains a Tellina in the last edition of the Systema Nature by Gmelin, and we are not disposed in the present instance to deviate from’ that authority. This, and the Tellina rivalis described by Dr. Maton, in the Lin- nzan ‘Transactions, are very analogous, though evidently two distinct species, as we have before noticed in our description of the latter, Plate 62.—Tellina Cornea, according to Geoffroy, is a viviparous anl« mal, and is found in great plenty in most rivers and stagnant waters, ae “> — << PLATE XCVIL TELLINA FABULA, SEMI-STRIATED TELLEN, GENERIC CHARACTER, The hinge usually furnished with three teeth, Shell generally sloping on one side, ir SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS, Shell ovate, compressed, inflected, or rather produced at one end, One valve smooth, the other marked with numerous oblique reflected striz. ‘TELLINA FABULA: testa ovata compressa inflexa anterius subros- trata: valva altera levi, altera oblique substriata : striis reflexis—Gronov. Sooph. tab. 13. fig. 9, Gmel, Linn, Syst, Nat. T. I, p. 6. p. 8239, sp. 6]. We discovered this very unusual species on the sands opposite to Caldy Island, about two miles beyond Tenby, Pembrokeshire. It is PLATE, X€wak- noticed by Gronovius and Gmelin as a Norwegian and Mediterranean shell, and is said to have been found on the coast of Dorsetshire, by ‘the late Dr. Pultney ; but has. never been before described as a British species. ~ ~ The smallest figures represent the natural size. Se 4 ae s > is. PLATE XCVEH. TELLINA FAUSTA. GENERIC CHARACTER. The hinge usually furnished with three teeth. Shell generally sloping on one side. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Somewhat triangular with many obsolete minute transverse striz- TELLINA FAUSTA: testa subtriangulari, striis transversis minutissi- mis obsoletis. Tellina fausta. Soland. Ms.—List. Conch. t. 388. f. 235. An extremely scarce British species, and not mentioned by either Penant, or Da Costa. This shell is generally of a pale cream colour on the outside, and beautifully tinged with yellow within. VOL. 11. G Babin ft") pal er SE aA ee), Ca NES oe eels : yee SPREE SNOT ren Livia’ Phat et Ot Sie ee ae si : ; : § * ie! * ‘ ~ , ; ELE TY SERRA TY ENA APR OES inthg wteg) ‘Ag F . , ; \ | , “ tyliod J os (ir % MA : we 5 4 ie ¥ an a | ‘ia cs ae wind a} ‘ . Abyss ; d , j BY ¥ . ‘ -..7 eos 'y 18 bites) ae ie ee B fa oad ms We SRB tae Teak ie Ee | eich’ 2 lm, .y , y ; 5 fai Cae, "! ae e Pre | ‘ r nk elaiiilt, CAS dete ay, Spy feet | SRE & ho ee Lek) PEAY ER” veers HELIX CONTORTA. THICK RIVER CHEESE SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER, Aperture of the mouth contracted and lunulated. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell thick, umbilicated, flattish. Aperture narrow and crescent- shaped. HeEtix ConTortTa: testa subumbilicata plana utrinque sequali;: apertura lineari arcuata. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. p- 5624. Planorbis minima crassa Tiney many-circled, thick, river cheese shell, Petiv. Gaz. tab. 92. fig. 8. Planorbis minima crassa, utrinque umbilicata, anfractibus subde- : pressis. Crassa. _Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 66. sp. 31. Tab. 4, fig. 1\. G 2 PLATE XCIX. This aquatic snail is rather scarce ; it has been lately found in the Thames, near Greenwich. Petiver says his were found in the rivu- lets about Peterborough House, Westminster. Da Costa mistook this for the Helix complanata of Linnzus ; itis evidently the Helix contorta of that author, who very minutely de= scribes it in the Fauna Suecica. PLATE. C: SERPULA GRANULATA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Ammal a terebella, or whimble worm. Shell tubular, adheres to other bodies, as shells, stones, &c. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell roundish, spiral, glomerate: three elevated ridges on the upper side. SERPULA GRANULATA: testa tereti spirali glomerata; latere supe- riore sulcis tribus elevatis. Gmel. Syst. T. J. p- 6. p. 3741. sp. 9. he This singular species has not been before noticed as an English Shell. We found it intermixed with Lepas Intertexta on the shell of the common Lobster. Linnzus says it is found in the North Seas in large masses, adhering to stones, and shells. G3 | pagina, xtaeare Whee ‘ 1 i ‘jue ye We Fe es Sead ‘2 : ‘ f m AS od be By Wa ak “ é ; ‘ai iY ' ome? 4 it ’ re ‘ ; : ‘ seer Fr Revs é odd ao. eagles Boteteie o8tt) o bse tg: y eae; By is 4 , ¥ % 26 F ms *. “opens ish ; siMowiiip denise) cies? : aT Aae ye 7 ae yet at Slava ecdiit ete or \ o ry F -~ y cf ie : Ragnar tey YE Noha ta a ype tine REE AP me met rey AARNE | 2 oie aa am a DAM aietae may fact) aed rai98 Y Ae eed - be > a r fas be’ 7. a0 i Pniean rh eats b: Fsive yoy 8 rit) 142 a ae ve ‘heel swt pane aniovl alt chbeoed abi eves aes aE ada debe’ : ; aly ; vhs ey a ; \ Y eu Sia wee Oy OF gene Sabin ® Fs \ fe ‘ 7 ‘ . Doe ya : ib ; ey “e \ a ‘ ” 2 ‘ + : ‘ ti ; r Zz ac iia ¢ F ‘ 1 ~ , i .s ze \ * - ‘ aA } “; * i } , Ae x x : ' * 4 ‘ > Sie . ; . « is ce \ = q ef 1014 PEAT E*Ch MYA DEPRESSA. DEPRESSED MYA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal ani ascidia. Shell bivalve, gaping at one end. The hinge for the most part furnished with a thick, strong, and broad tooth, not inserted into the opposite valve. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Somewhat ovate, anterior part rather wedge-shaped and sloping : a slight depression across the middle; posterior part roundish, gaping. Teeth at the hinge crenulated. Mya Depress: testa subovata, antice sub-cuneiformi declivi, medio depressa; postice rotundata hiante, cardinis dente crenulato. After comparing the numerous kinds of fresh water Myz found in different parts of the kingdom, the conchologist will perhaps be sur- prized at the small number we shall venture to admit as distinct species, The varieties of those Shells seem endless; and it may be G 4 PLAS Bwel doubted whether they are not in general indebted to,age, accident, or the peculiar qualities of the waters they inhabit, for those variations 79 general appearance that have been too frequently mistaken for cha- racteristic differences of species. As the Myz will fall under consideration more fully hereafter, we shall for the present confine our remarks to the shell before us, and its very analogous kind, the Mya ovata of Dr. Solander. This has been considered by some as a mere variety of ovata, and we confess our opinion is still wavering in assigning it a name and character as a new species. The Mya ovata has been lately found in the river Froome in Somersetshire, and likewise in the New River near London. What are usually deemed its varieties are numerous, but none of them can, we believe, be considered as distinct species, except the present, which is certainly the most remote of any, if it is really a variety of that species. The Mya ovata, in all its gradations, seems somewhat more ventricose and ovate in its contour, than this Shell; and though the variations of the latter are considerabie, we have generally observed a slight depression, across the middle, which causes the narrowest end to be rather flattened throughout, and it is also rather more cuneiform or wedge-shaped at this end than Mya ovata: to this we might perhaps add, with some propriety, that the gaping beyond the hinge at the broadest end, is wider than in Mya ovata. Whether this difference is actually sufficient to form a distinct specific character, and whether it is constant in other shells of this kind, still remains in some degree of uncertainty. Both this and the Mya ovata inhabit the same waters, for we have seen several specimens from the PLATE Cl. river Froome, where it is known the Mya ovata ts also found; and as to colour, it is no criterion: both kinds are greenish, radiated with yellow, and are more or less vivid in different shells: they are seldom higher in colour than the specimen we have figured ; some are more of an olive colour, and others are deeply tinged with brown. igre " “4 re f neo ant “ah y vd ais . - ey See ' “ath! Wipe es Soy esi ee i ¢ vy ae iM: Nes fat 7 ey bg i “a ie gut ] “t ‘al thle OSE FE: Mahe ‘ 7 y y ia ae : ee Ta # a ; ; od ; “oy, ‘ips ha Pa 90 SM ir we re y ~ as ¥ é ‘ ; c i ‘ i ‘ ra » , ¥ vy i J ¥ - Pee an aii Fe ce 4 ms mM, pa py ae ae hte Fee cp, Oh: aii } oe ite a2 ils te eS | ' ‘ ~ ire, © ee ; ae bebe i aa » : bail? Ps da Li si es ih 2 t bs \ \ f Rs A ; Py "See ihe i, der pail Ls) Vee yen i » ate fee ‘ Rat \ i WRU Wg 1 Gar Ne a bes vin) Hac hak se ed tay Lit Fh se De CM a, Raa er Ree ae bd Ly ». | x Afi AP 6¥< ! } ’ " £09 - yer. % cae eee ft - ¢ : ‘ . *sole® eet? <4 (xt yal FOP ay, i * i - 1a * a ke roe bc "e”, ted, ae a a ‘aly f ¢ = ates. < P I nt a ‘ er" es r wy we eA ' 8 “ ; - \ ( t i , pa er ee te ae Mii. al ‘ , ; / a as re RS My oh PRAT Gay é By Habalite Sap & : Monies: Dee ee oF aw y = - ( Ls CR dean ey Oa A ge tl F) r iat iy Disa ree ; ae A a SP Pel Miah riAWe Egos Mey ep nhs he: Se baal) AG a " : ts" ; ; eee ; : ide r ' ae a ‘ ' aes y eee —_ Ai eae ms ; te -| v ¥ a “ ii Ati; ‘ 5 4 , Ave Da. |e ELA bth i; wae b t d my , 7 \ ' 7 1d ‘ Wa! i is 5 “ ri a oa n. 4 N ; i t us ‘ ‘ = y \ rs ( b ‘ ‘ ’ 1 m oe 5 s ret an he Many i if r U Agee -< Aes i Vv coe all " ; / A Y ne 5 Fae ; vA ‘ { * ¥ € ° mn t te 4 i 7 . f - ch 5 wf , i . t % me " ? , uy 1 1 i : ; i im one Tt Seater aur G a ek G? ° PLATE CI. TURBO FONTINALIS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Aperture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell umbilicated, subconic, wreaths ventricose, smooth. TurBo FoNTINALIs: testa umbilicata subconica anfractibus ven- tricosis lzvibus. Not described by Pennant or Da Costa. Lives in clear fresh waters. : stp stds 2817 hit seein ‘Meg Hah Ne rif Ya eapersts Soeergaaga . : ‘ ¥ pea cases svimoaia siagiliris otegee. 3 sunubrtos me Mal. 4 fe tha : ; d eeidivenl eidsoty >. fy Be t ot . e ae face re a Fy 3 ; ‘ ; J - a at Bee's) Se vi0ls ge aah Re eee OE 79) seimeis'! yd: bodasaeb Re \ By? Se 103 PLAT E *sCHy. TELLINA RIGIDA. FLAT AND RIDGED TELLEN. GENERIC CHARACTER. The hinge usually furnished with three tecth. Shell generally sloping on one side. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Somewhat depressed, subrotund, thick, with numerous transverse thread-like ridges, and a still deeper longitudinal depression near the posterior end. Teuuina RIcIpa: testa subdepressa subrotunda crassa transversim confertissime striata, postice longitudinaliter ma~ gis depressa. Tellina crassa. Penn. Br. Zool. p. 87. sp. 23? Pectunculus depressior subrotundus, dense et transversim strigatus. Depressior. Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 194. sp. 30. Tub. 13. fig. 4. Da Costa, who appears to be the only author that describes this shell, says he received it from the coaft of Cornwall. PLATE. Cur This is a thick and heavy shell, though rather transparent; the sides nearly similar, and the beaks almost central. The colour is generally white, witha tinge of yellow on the outside, and some specimens are beautifully radiated with pale pink: the inside is re- markably glossy and finely tinged with yellow, red and orange. * oats {OF angles. Pica T BCR) BUCCINUM UNDATUM. WAVED, OR COMMON WHELKE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Aperture oval, ending in a short canal. SPECIFIC CHARACTER ‘AND SYNONYMS. Shell oblong, coarse, transversely striated, with many curved BuccINUM UNDATUM: testa oblonga rudi transversim striata ; an- fractibus curvato-multangulis. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. T. 3, p. 3492. sp. 93.—Faun. Suec. 2263. Buccinum crassum rufescens, striatum et undatum. Just. H. An. s Angl. p. 156. tit. 2. tab. 3. fig. 2.—Et Buce, tenue, lzve, striatum et undatum. Jd. p. 157. fit. 3. tab. 3. fig. 3.—Bucc. brevi rostrum tenu- iter striatum, pluribus undatis sinubus distinctum. List. H. Conch. tab. 962. fig. 14.—Et Bucc. brevi rostrum magnum, tenue, leviter striatum. Id. tab. 962. fig. 15. 15. a—Id. Exerc. Anat. Alt. p. 68. PLATE Cv; Rough, and our most common whelke. Dale Harw. p. 382. No.3. 4. Buccinum undatum, waved, Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 90. pl. 73. Buccinum striatum, striated. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 91. pl. 74. Buccinum canaliculatunt medium vulgare rufescens striatum, pluri- bus costis undatis distinctum. Vulgare Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 122. sp. 13. fab. 6. fig. 6. 6. This is the common Whelke of English conchologists, and is somes times brought to the markets as an article of food. The brown ones are this common sort, for as Linnzus observes, those that are brown fasciated with white or blue are scarce ; the former of those varieties is figured in the annexed plate. Lister, Pennant and other authors have considered the striated va- riety of this Shell asa distinct species; it is certainly destitute of those prominent ribs or knobs which is so conspicuous in this Shell in ge- neral, but the transitions from the striated kind to those with knobs is so gradual and easy to be traced that we must coincide with Lin- nzeus and Da Costa who admit them barely as varieties. a PEAT & CV: HELIX LEVIGATA. SMOOTH SNAIL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Aperture of the mouth contracted and lunulated. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Imperforate, pellucid, roundish, of two wreaths: the farst very large, the second small, obtuse, and placed laterally. Hewix L&vicaTa: testa imperforata obovata obtusissima pellucida lxvissima. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. T. I. p. 6. Pp. 3663. sp. 148. Helix levigata. Sinoothed. Penn. Br. Zool. T. 4. t. 86. f. 139. Testa M. rar. f.11. Chemn. f. 1599. 9. rn Av rare Shell, found on the Kentish coast; and on the beach at Stud- land, Dorsetshire. Communicated by the Rev. T. Rackett. Pennant considers this as a fresh water Shell, saying it inhabits ponds. Gmelin is silent respecting its habitation. VOL. III. H 4 . Se a So a lu aoe bg 4 ah at : ¢ een 1, OO te Pi eS - : ig i red Ast * we th ae an a re 0 reduc hie Patsy dina aif,” 4 “> Se lnictpeetint la sto A caermaliancongsnsa eso is Sart “ a ee PLAT E..C¥lL MACTRA STULTORUM. RAYED MACTRA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Animal a Tethys. ‘Bivalve, sides unequa!. Middle tooth com. plicated, with a little groove on each side ; lateral teeth remote. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell semi-transparent, smooth, with faint radiations ; within pur- plish. Mactra STULTORUM: testa subdiaphana levi obsolete radiata, intus purpurascente, vulva gibba. Gel. Syst. Wat 2. Vo PaGe f 2258 Lape kl: Pectunculus triquetrus ex flavo radiatus. List. HZ. Conch. tab. 251. ig. 85. Mactra stultorum, Simpiteton. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 42. tab. 52. fig. 42. Trigonella tenuis admodum concava ferrugineo-cinerea radiata. Ra- diata. Da Cesta Br. Conch. p. 196. sp. 32.— Fah..'2, figs 3.3: Hy 2 PLATE CVL _ This Shell, we observed in plenty, on the sandy shores of South Wales, and particularly on those of Pembrokeshire. It is also found on the western coasts ; at Highlake in Cheshire, near Liverpool ; at the mouth of the river Mersey; and on the coast of Aberdeenshire and other shores of Scotland. The general colour of the outside is a kind of milky white, deli- cately radiated with brown ; within, the young shells are tinged with reddish brown, the old ones with violet. belfithin= ie, ves oF Beane PENS o BG hy ye ; LO'7 PLAT E,.CVII FIG. I. CARDIUM ECHINATUM. THORNY COCKLE, GENERIC CHARACTER, T'wo teeth near the beak; and another remote one, on each side of the Shell. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS, Shell somewhat heart shaped, ribs prominent with a carinated ridge beset with spines along the middle. Carpium EcHINATUM: testa subcordata sulcata : costis carinatis aculeatis, Linn. Gmel. Syst. Nat. T. J. p. 6. p. 3247. sp. 8. Pectunculus orbicularis fuscus, striis mediis muricatis. Zest. H. Conch. tab. 324. fig. 161. Cardium Echinatum. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 38. Cardium orbiculare, costis circiter viginti echinatis, spinis hamatis. Echinatum. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 176. Tab. 14. fig. 2. H 3 PLAT E CVII -Dead and worn Shells of this species are found on several of the British coasts in plenty. It is an elegant shell though the colours are in general obscure : within it is white, without of a pale brown sometimes marked with transverse bands of rust colour. FIG. IL. CARDIUM TUBERCULATUM. TUBERCULATED COCKLE. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell somewhat heart-shaped, ribs obtuse, knotty, transversely striated. CarpiuM TUBERCULATUM: testa subcordata: sulcis obtusis no- dosis transversim striatis. Linn. Gmel. Syst. T. I. p. 6. p. 3248. sp. 11. Gmelin mentions several varieties of this species. It has been sometimes considered as the Cardium rusticum. Found on the coast of Dorsetshire, is scarce, and not before de- scribed as a British Shell. em a am oe Fath T et a ee: PLATE CVI MYA DUBIA. DUBIOUS MYA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal an ascidia. Shell bivalve, gaping at one end. The hinge for the most part furnished with a thick, strong, broad tooth, not inserted in the opposite valve. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. . Shell fragile, brown, bottom widely gaping ; rudiment of a tooth in one valve only. Mya Dusia: testa fragili fusca subtus valde hiante valva una eden- tula altera rudimento dentis. Mya dubia. Penn. Br. Zool. p. 82. 19. Pennant, who seems to be the only author that describes this shell, says it has the rudiment of a tooth within one shell; with an oval FLATS Var and large hiatus opposite the hinge. Shells brown and brittle, size of a Pistachia nut. Length of a Horsebean, and found near Wey- mouth. This Shell is rare, Pennant notes his from the Portland cabinet. Mya margaritifera Mya declivis —— arenaria —— ovalis =——— dubia =—— truncata —— depressa Tellina fausta cornea a= fabula =————— rigida INDEX TO VOL. IIL LINNZEAN ARRANGEMENT. BIVALVIA: CONCHA Cardium tuberculatum - Venus islandica Arca caudata granulata Echinatum ° Mactra stultorum Mytilus pellucidus ° Bulla resiliens w= hydatis Buccinum undatum « reticulatum - \ Plate. 73 82 35 39 108 92 ror 104. Fig. Plate. Fig. Strombus costatus - ee - = 94 Murex costatus = - ~ - “ gt ——— decollatus - - = . ~ 86 Trochus cinerarius - - - e - 74. Turbo muscorum = = ~ = 80 =——-- fontinalis = - - - é 102 meo-- Jacteus - “ - - = go Helix vortex - . - = 1S —— pomatia - e - - = 84 ae=——= tentacula - - = = = 93 —— levigata - = = : i 105 =——— vivipara - - - - - 87 ome Contorta - - = = : 99 Serpula vermicularis - - - © = 95 wmeee granulata 109 INDEX TO VOL. III. ACCORDING TO HISTORIA NATURALIS TESTACEORUM BRITANNIZ or DA COSTA. PARE f. GENUS 2. * MARINAS. SEA. Plate. Fig. SERPULA vermicularis - - - 95 PART: If: UNIVALVIA INVOLUTA. GENUS 5. BULLA. DIPPER. Bulla Hydatis - - - - 88 we resiliens = Fa Y. wf a 79 Lan Doe, x. PAR T) BE UNIVALVIA TURBINATA. GENUS 7. TROCHUS TOP SHELL. * MARINZE. SEA. Trochus cinerarius (umbilicalis) - = GENUS 9. HELIX. ** FLUVIATILES. RIVER. Helix vortex - - - = w—— crassa ° a ° - - GENUs 10. COCHLEA SNAILS. * TERRESTRES. LAND. Cachlea pomatia ° - = ° #* FLUVIATILES. RIVER. Cochlea vivipara ° ° - - - MARINZE. SEA. Cochlea levigata - = - = - Plate. 74 75 ch 84 87 105 F igs i N DYE. &. GENUS Ill. TURBO. * TERRESTRES. LAND, Plate, Fig, Turbo muscoum =——s«= 4 mn 4. a! 80 ——-- parvus (lacteus) - 2 - as = go *#* FLUVIATILES, RIVER. Turbo Nucleus (tentaculata) - - = 93 fontinalis - > - - - 102 GENUS 13. BUCCINA CANALICULATA. GUTTERED WHELKS. * MARINZE, SEA. Buccinum vulgare - - . - - 104 ———— costatum + - ~ = gt GENUS 14. BUCCINA RECURVIROSTRA. WRY-MOUTHED WHELKS. Buccinum reticulatum ~ = - @ - 76 a RAI SESE SRE UE PE BEE OE LSE EO O- RDB 2: BIVALVES. GENUS 6. CARDIUM. HEART COCKLE. * FLUVIATILES,, RIVER. Cardium nux Is 1 a i] 7 96 IN DEX, ** MARINA. SEA. Plate. Cardium Echinatunr - - - - 107 GENUS 7. PECTUNCULUS. COCKLE, “ * MARINE. Pectunculus crassus - * 2 me = 77 = y——-— depressior - - - ° 103 GENUS 8. TRIGONELLA. MARINZE. SEA. Trigonella radiata - - - 106 GENUS 12. MYA. * FLUVIATILES. RIVER. Mya -margaritifera “ ° = - 73 arnearia = = = a 85 = gz truncata = Fig. ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO VOL. III. Plate. ARENARIA, Mya 2. th i 85 Caudata, Arca Pa ~ ~ - 78 Cinerarius, Trochus - ~ - - 74 Contorta, Helix = - = B 99 Cornea, Tellina ~ a = s 96 Costatus, Murex : ~ = = or Strombus - - < = 94 Declivis, Mya - - - - - 82 Decollatus, Murex ~ - = - 86 Depressa Mya - - - - ~ Ior Dubia Mya - - - - 108 Echinatum, Cardium - - - = 107 Fabula, Tellina - - = - = 97 Fausta, Tellina - ~ = = 93 Fontinalis, Turbo - > - » 102 Granulata, Venus - - - = 33 — Serpula - - - - 100 Hydatis, Bulla = - - - $8 Islandica, Venus - - - = vii Lacteus, Turbo = 3 = = 90 Levigata, Helix ° = = ° - 105 Margaritifera, Mya - - - - 73 Mufcorum, Turbo ° = - - 80 Ovalis, Mya = : . . 89 Pellucidus, Mytilus ° e - - $r Pomatia Helix - - = - 84. Resiliens, Bulla © 2 = = 79 Reticulatum, Buccinum - = a 76 Rigida, Tellina = = - = = 103 Fig. Stultorum, Mactra Tentaculata, Helix Truncata, Mya - Tuberculatum, Cardium ‘Vermicelaris, Serpula Vivipara, Helix - Vortex, Helix 2 Undatum, Buccinum END OF VOL. Tit. Plate. 1c6 93 oz C7 95 $7 75 204 Printed by Bye and Law, St. John’s-Square, Clerkenwell. ee Fig. ae Wann QU 198