Library of the Museum OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. ) Pounded by private subscription, in 1861. DPD Sa Bhe-sift-ef LOUIS AGASSIZ. Vi wee No. 85-28. LEO AG Re ‘ a THE NATURAL HEISTORY GF BRITISHOUNGECTS: EXPLAINING THEM IN THEIR SEVERAL STATES, WITH THE PERIODS OF THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS, * THEIR FOOD, @CONOMY, &c. TOGETHER WITH THE HISTORY OF SUCH MINUTE INSECTS AS REQUIRE INVESTIGATION BY THE MICROSCOPE. THE WHOLE ILLUSTRATED 3X meek OF U RoE D ££ 1. GU R.E S&, DESIGNED AND EXECUTED FROM LIVING SPECIMENS. By. ESD ONO: VoA Ns LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, And for F, and C. Ravincron, N° 62, Sr. Paux’s CuumcH-YaRD, MDCCKXCIII. § ciel 9 iy ei eae A Wb TatneRth Ae ee i ie CEM FOOLS ( 17 a Beet tin ; - r PUN oT al Ps 2p Ie | dt 4 ty * * eae ane KG ay y * fi 0 OT ra ~*~ - i , U r Apt a r Gia mink rs 1 « died - * 3 ” +n 2 : a 2 ey + } we 8 ‘ ’ aa Ee ta rm de 7 , Puy) nt ‘. e i ‘ Nias eis ek , ' f f Tei, ee ae cra ie tet | ed at en F N = Simcoe) : * % } Auoe q: wns ~ ; ‘ i De x = Hi . Ry sy " i HT } ‘ r NG a PL Ce OE ERR Mia obwede RU ~ } i = pe i i ; vial F ZiA. \ . 5 ye i raWiANE 932K ae Lom opRa gone ie i dak oe 4 Ph Aa Hier ei Same : . $HE. | NATURAL HiIsTORY oF | BRITISH INSECTS. (ie SAREE PLA PB OTL PAPILIO IRIS, EMPEROR OF THE Woops, or PURPLE Hich Fryer, LEPIDOPTERA: GENERIC CHARACTER. | Papilio. Antennz clavated: Wings when at reft, erect, F ly By day: SPECIFIG CHARACTER. | Wings iridented ; pe purple ; darker found the Edges, with feven diftinét white Spots on the firft Wings; on the fecond, an ir- regular broad white Stripe, and a red Eye; Beneath, black, browns and white; Linn, Syft. Nat. p. 476. Ps exe The Papilio Iris is efteemed among the beautiful; and placed with the rare of the Englifh Lepideptera. The curfory reader may not perceive that fuperiority, particularly as many of the minute Infe&s infinitely excel in real beauty and richnefs of colouring; but the f{cien- B 2 tife 4 RP Me oT a OX VET tific will be ever ready to give it the firft place as a Britifh Papilio, and to thofe a figure of the Caterpillar and Chryfalis will be an ac- ceptable acquifition. It derives the title of Purple High Flyer, as it very rarely defcends to the ground; except in fome few inftances, it has never been taken but in the moft elevated fituations, and even thofe inftances have been after a ftrong wind, or heavy rain: The tops of the loftieft foreft trees afford it an afylum, and in the Caterpillar and Chryfalis ftate, it is preferved from the wanton cruelty of man, by the almoft inacceffible height of its habitation. - They feed on the Sallow, falix caprea, and the Caterpillars are obtained by beating the branches of the tree with a pole twenty or thirty feet in length ; it js then but a neceflary precaution to cover the ground beneath with large fheets to a certain diftance, or the infects which fall, will be loft among the herbage. It is in Caterpillar about AZay and Fune ; it pafles to the Chryfalis ftate, and in July or Augu/? is a Papilio. _, The great difficulty and trouble to rear the Caterpillars, when found; and greater difficulty to take the Fly, has fftamped a valuable confi- deration on it, arid particularly fo when fine, and a high price is but efteemed an adequate compenfation for it if in good prefervation. The male is fmaller, but more beautiful than the female; the upper fide of the wings of the female not being enriched with that vivid change of purple which the male poffeffes in fuch an eminent degree ; but the underfide of the female is far richer in the various teints of. colour than the male: they are both beautifully fpotted, mottled, and waved with brown, black, white, and orange. “The Chryfalis is of a very delicate texture, much refembling thin white paper, and is tinged in feveral parts with a very lively purple hue which it borrows from the wings of the enclofed infect, and bears the charaCteriftic mark of a Papilio, by being fufpended from the tail, with the head downward. i PLATE MEE HEN Se iy a * ie hel aT ih 38 ole Sa Pik vA oD-E. » XOOX VAT CIMEX STAGNORUM. WaterR Bua. HEMIPTERA. Shells or upper Wings femi-cruftaceous, not divided by a ftraighit Suture, but incumbent on each other; Beak curved downward, GENERIC CHARACTER. Cimex Antenne longer than the Thorax, ‘Thorax margined. In each Foot three Joints. SPECIFIC GHARACT ER. Black, brown, long, flender. Head one third of its whole length. Antenne as long as the Head, and very flender. Eyes minute, pro- minent. Fore Legs fhorteft, length half an inch, breadth one third of a line. Linn. Syf. Nat. Many fpecies of the Cimex genus differ fo materially in their ge- neral form, that very nice attention is neceflary to difcriminate the {pecies which evidently belong to this extenfive family. The external appearance of the Houfe, or Scarlet Bug, cannot intimate the con- nection to the fame genus with this flender bodied infect; but fo they are arranged by Linnzus, and fo they will appear on a proper infpec- tion of thofe parts which conftitute their generic character. The prefent {pecies is common, and may be taken during great part of the warm feafons. We have an Infect of the fame genus (Cimex Lacuftris) which has frequently attracted notice by the vae riety and activity of its motions, when fporting on the furface of ftagnant pools, or other ftanding water: It appears to fly, or fkim the furface, but its wings are not often expanded, the lightnefs of its body 8 and 6 PLA TES KROeVII. and length of its legs, permitting it to dart with great velocity in any dire€tion, and when it alights, it caufes only a gentle tremulous motion beneath it. Its habits have much affinity to the generality of aquatic infects, and being conftantly found on that element, would almoft determine it to be of that race; butit is rather amphibious, and very rarely defcends beneath the furface, It will at intervals reft for feveral minutes motionlefs on the water, its fix legs ate then ex- panded, and the tarfi of the feet only touch the furface; but the Cimex Stagnorum is remarkable for the regularity and carefulnefs of all its a€tions; it rarely runs, but treads the water, flow, and ever appears td apprehend danger ; it frequently pauiles fuddenly, and if it then perceives any thing diuarcanie retires. Aquatic Infecis are generally fupplied at feveral parts of their body with an oily matter that the water can< not penetrate, and the legs of this Infect is apparently poffefled of that _ property. PLATE eS rae — ugg we Dee é wren — 7% Pee TE SeaXIX, COCCINELLA, CoLEOPTERA, GENERIC CHARACTER, Aniennz knotted, truncated. Palpi longer’ than the Antenne; body hemifpheric. Shells and Thorax bordered. In each Foot three Joints, FIG. L and FIG. IV. SPECIFIG CHARACTER, CoccINELLA 22—PUNCTATA. Head black, Corflet and Shells yellow. The firft with five blaek Bpots, the latter with twenty-two, Length 12 Tine. EL. oie ? 14. PUNCTATA. Shells orange, with fourteen black Spots. “Head black. Thorax _ black in the Center, with an orange Margin and a black Spot on each Side, \ F 1G, 8 roo A WE KXKIX. EG) Vite 6 PUSTALATIA, Head, Thorax, and Shells black, with three red Spots on each Shell. Length 1 line. FIG V, 7 EFUNC TAT A. Lapy Cow, or Lapy Birp. Wead and Thorax black, Shells red, with feven black Spots; length, three or four lines, The hiftory of thofe feveral infe&ts fo nearly refemble each other, that one general account will comprife all that can be faid of any of the fpecies, The Jarva is not unlike the adult infect, though its body is longer and tapering, and it hath no fhells to defend it if in danger ; its fecurity therefore depends on its feet, which are rather longer, or at leaft appear longer, than in the after-ftate; all the fpecies, whether as the larva or the adult, commonly feed on grafs, but they as frequently are taken on the plantain, thiftle and rofe, or any other plant, whether wild or cultivated, They faften themfelves to the leaves of any plant that is near when they enter the Chryfalis ftate, and its appearance is then as if it were tied to the leaf by threads which pafs each other in tranf- verfe directions ; they remain only a few days in the Chryfalis, as it undergoes but litile change. May, June, and July, or later if the weather fhould prove fine, is the time to find them; many of the {pecies are fo numerous in almoft every fituation, that collectors give little trouble to obtain them, or at leaft {earch for fuch only as are moft uncommon, PLATS ong, ia ae AT Rx. PHALANA ROSEA. Ren ARCHES. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general contracted when at reft. Fly by night. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. ' Rofecolour. On the fuperior Wings a dark, waved, or arched line, and a row of fpots near the margin. The Caterpillar of this Phalena feeds on the Oak. Our fpecimen was taken from an oak at Norwood, July15. ‘They are not very common, although found, during the month of July, in feveral parts near London. FIG. i PHE LARVA OF THE \ CoccINELLA 7—PuNCTATA. In Plate XX XIX we have reprefented feveral fpecies of the Cacci- nella in their perfect or adult ftate. Our prefent figure is the larva of the 7 Punétata, Fig. V. It is a very common Infect; and will feed on almoft every kind of vegetable food. “Vor. Il, Cc PLATE 10 | Pil AR Khe PHALANA PRASINANA? Scarce Sinver Line. LEPIDOPTERA. Per SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Body and under Wings white, firft Wings green, with two oblique arrow lines of pale yellow. We poflefs two fpecies of the Green Silver Line; one Phalana Prafinana, of Linnzeus; the fecond unknown to that author; but fince defcribed in the Species Infeciorum of Fabricius. ‘Thofe two {pecies nearly refemble each other, are both taken from the Oak, and are diftinguifhed only in fome few particulars, the Scarce Silver Line has its Superior Wings of a plain pea-green, with two ftripes of feint yellow, the Body and inferior Wings are of an immaculate white. But the Common Silver Line is more variegated in its colour, having _a dath of a paler hue between each Silver Line, and an orange or crimfon border, ‘The Scarce Silver Line is taken in July, in woods. Note, Fabricius appears to have changed the name of this Infect in his Spec Inf. for in the Sy/fem LEntom. he calls the common Silver Line Prafinana, the fame as Linnzeus does, which in the Spec he has altered to Fagana. PLA Tae PL Ae el Xb) Ps Gee: VORTICELLA POLYMORPHA., GENERIC CHARACTER. , A Worm, capable of contracting or extending itfelf, naked, with. rotatory cilia. Many-fhaped Vorticella green, opaque. It is impoffible to defcribe the various forms thofe little InfeCts can | affume ; and, from the microfcope, it is both doubtful and difficult to give a correct figure of it, as the activity of its motions and changes frequently mifplace it from the verge of the focus. It is fcareely per- ceptible. to the naked eye, and is generally of a green colour. PEG. TE VORTICELLA ROTATORIA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Cylindrical Vorticella, with a little foot projecting from the neck ; a long tail, furnifhed with four points. Of all the fpecies of minute Infeéts, this Vorticella feems to have ee the attention of the curious moft. Baker has defcribed C2 it TO Pi A Oe a OTC it under the title of the Wheel Animalculum, andhence it is well known. It is found in gutters, or leaden pipes, in the fummer. This Infect poflefles one property by no means common to larger animals, or even known of many of the minuter kinds; it lives in the water, but may be kept dry for months; and when again it is immerged in that element, it will regain its life and motion in half an hour. EUG itl: TRICHODA LYNCEUS. GENER IG CHARACTE R. An invifible, pellucid, hairy Worm. SPECIFIG CHARACTER, Nearly fquare ; with a crooked beak. ‘The mouth hairy. Bol Ga. Ve KERONA PATELLA. GENERIC GHARACTER. An invifible Worm with horns. With one valve, orbicular, chryftalline; the fore-part notched; the body lies in the middle of the fhell: above and below are hairs or horns, of different lengths, jutting out beyond the fhell, and acting inftead of feet and oars. Miller’s Ani. Infuf. PLATS ets Seg bet —— 42, ie bc ae SS PEL A T EB oXEI. F I G. I: ICHNEUMON RAMIDULUS. HyMENOPTERA. Wings four; generally membraneous. ‘Tail of the females armed with a fling. GENERIC CHARACTER. Ichneumon. Jaws, without tongue. Antennz of more than 30 joints, long, filiform, vibrating. Sting within a bivalve fheath, SPECIFIC CHAKACTER. Tawny brown. ‘Thorax beneath, and extremity of the abdomen, black. Abdomen curved and comprefled. ae DG. i: IcHNEUMON RaAPTORIUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Head, thorax, and extremity of the abdomen black 3 center fpot of yellow on the thorax; and two firft divifions of the abdomen bright roange. Legs black and brown. : re Ichneumons 14 PL Ae) MCE Ichneumons are the moft voracious of all the winged Infects;—in their nature, robuft and powerful, and armed with a formidable fting ; they are the dread, and deftroyer of other tribes, and mortal enemies to each other; like the animal * whence their fignificant appellation is derived, they exift by rapine and plunder, and fupport their infant ofispring on the vitals of larger Infects. The female Ichneumon, when ready to lay her eggs, is feen eagerly rufhing from one plant to another, if its prey offers, which is generally . the Larva of the Phalena, Papilio, &c. it darts down with the fero- city of an eagle, and grafps the tender body in its claws; it is now in vain that the unwieldy animal attempts refiftance, as all its efforts are but the {port of a favage conqueror. For railing the body almoft upright, or into the form of a bow, the creature returns it in an in- ftant, and dathes the fting up to the bafe, in the fofteft part of the ca- terpillar’s body; this, if undifturbed, it will repeat thirty or forty times, always choofing a frefh fpot for every new wound, and often entirely fcarifying the Infe&t. The ftung animal refufes to eat, and fometimes its illnefs terminates in its death, though generally the eggs are ma- tured, and the Infects produced from the living body, fo that if it furvives its mifery, and the wounds heal, the heat of the body ripens the embryos, and the young Ichneumons gnaw, and tear large paflages through the body, to complete their delivery. July and Auguft are the Months thofe fpecies we have defcribed are on the wing. * The Ichneumon isa well known animal in Egypt, particularly near the river Nile, and are ufeful for deftroying the Eggs of the Crocodile, &c. / (oe) my = mJ: Lene! PLATE XLIIL PAPTLIO HYALE, SAFFRON BUTTERFLY, | LEPIDOPTERA: | CENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne clavated. Wings, when at reft, ere@t. Diurnal. SPECIFIG CHARACTER. Wings entire, rounded, deep yellowifh orange. On the fuperior wings a black, and on the inferior wings an orange fpot in the center 5 and a deep irregular border of black on the margin. Antenne and legs yellow. Breadth two inches. Syft. Ent. 477. 148.—Linn, Syft. Nat. 2. 764. 100.—F'u: Sv. 1040. The Papilio Hyale has been defcribed by feveral authors, Englifh and Foreign, and the natural hiftorians of Germany have generally no- ticed it. Unlike many Infects we have in our country, it is found in every part of Europe, but in greater abundance in Africa and Ameiica. Vou. I. .D Its 13 PLA TB? XLUt. Its breadth in England rarely exceeds two inches; but influenced by a warmer climate, they arrive at a higher degree of perfection than in thofe northern countries, at leaft they are commonly taken much larger. With us it has ever been efteemed as a rare Infect, though feen this feafon.in Kent in greater plenty than for feveral years; but ‘as they were-probably only an accidental brood, they may again difap- pear for a confiderable time. ‘The Fly is to be taken in autumn, but feldom after Auguft. Our Figure is of the male;—the female has feveral irregular yel- low {pots on the black borders. PLATE Re ae Pak At EB SOETiE. MELOE. PROSCARABEUS. CoLEOPTERA, GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz globular, the laft globule oval. Thorax roundifh. Shells foft. Head gibbous, and bent downwards. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Blue, black. No wings. Shells fhort.. Abdomen long. Antenne thickeft in’ the middle. Head broad. Thorax narrower than the head, and without margin. Length 14 inch, -Sy/t. Ent. 259. % —Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 679. 1.—Fn. Sv. 826. It is by no means for the beauty, but fingularity of this creature that we have given it a place in our prefent felection. If it is too perfect for the larva of an Infedt, it certainly appears too imperfect for the adult ftate; it has fhells, but cannot fly, and their length compared with the proportion of the body contributes much to its awkward ap- pearance. It is very quick-fighted, and runs with {wiftnefs when in danger. After death the body is confiderably contraéted, and the native brilliancy of colour it poffefled while living immediately va- nifhes. When touched, a brown liquor oozes from the fides. We have feveral fpecies of the Meloe differing in fize, colour, and proportion; the Meloe Profcarabeus is the moft common, at Jeaft near London. It feeds under the furface of the ground, on the tender fibrils of plants, and prefers the light earth of the flower-garden for its devaftation. May be taken in May or June. D2, ; PLATE ee anon 20 2, a ATOR, PNAS. AA OM emereroantal, fe a nO is vibe DL ‘ Rca " at howl a eT iy, Sits 1 ~) “olka fsenera rain NL eee on Arma 7 Ais ORD: 2 ; ee QO, 2) r 4 he Aas clean : i Dane cat NY eye ie tt a! ee elt patsy a aaliiThon ; j i aaa id sould alent ae Aa ) i: ee Panes 4H Nabe ue 44 PLA T E XLIV. mide 0/0 A RW A OF THE LIBELLULA DEPRESSA, In Plate 24 of this work we have reprefented the LisELLuLa Depressa in the winged ftate, and our prefent Figure is, of the Larva of that Infect. We have before defcribed it as a favage voras cious creature in every ftate of its exiftence, “The Larva, which is an aquatic, feeds on Infects of that element; and when it becomes adult, Moths, Butterflies, and other winged Infects are its prey. As Lepidopterous Infects are not provided with any weapons, defenfive or offenfive, it will encounter the largeft, grafp them in its claws, and tear them to pieces, Its mouth is fpacious, and well adapted for that purpofe. The Larve of moft winged Infects pafs to the Aurelia, or Chryfalis ftate, and thence produce the Fly; but the Larve of the Libellule never undergoes that change, and though its appearance is altered feveral times in its progrefs to perfection, it does not become dormant, When the ultimate period of its laft change arrives, it crawls to the bank, or fide of the ditch, and affixing its legs firmly to the ground, or grafs, it colleéts all its ftrength, and by one violent effort the fu- ture between the Thorax and Abdomen is broken, whence the Head and Thorax is protruded; after fome paufe the exuvia is caft off, and the Wings, which were before enwrapped in the fhort cafes at the ‘bottom of the Thorax, expand. ‘The creature now entirely formed for flight, only waits a fhort time to exhale the fuperfluous moifture, and then ruthes into the air, to fpread havoc and diforder. PLATE \ ee E94 i G adgauas = apts, hey. vit ; : f A " = Wi ph oda Sopra at els 2a Re OM oc) ha ema Alma eg NE RRO y be BE ee y avn P oh ha ahs | net one Bc atari ae > ck, LIRSARY A5 a PiA TE: AL. PHALENA JACOBAGE, CinnABAR Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. PHALANA, Spiral Trunk ; Back fmooth, without Creft. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Antenne and body black. Firft Wings dark olive, with longitu- dinal red line near the anterior margin, and two red fpots near the exterior, Second Wings red, with a black margin. Syft. Ente 588. 113.—Lian, Sy/?, Nat. 2, 839. 111.—Fu, Sv. 1155. As the Rag-wort grows fpontaneoufly in almoft every part of the country, the yearly increafe of the Cinnabar Moth Caterpillars is ge« nerally confiderable ; and though many muft inevitably perifh before they arrive at perfection, the Fly may always be found in plenty in June, the Caterpillars in July and Auguft, PLATE eo a Hs EN Ny Hh Aa. tt : Oy Bi WL 4 ta rove avy 4 ct ars ean Hale Thain Aint tie oy Ag ane Le OR BN SE A rey eN A Pees UC me, Goxrp Spor Moru. LEPIDOPTERA. CENERIC GHARACTER, Spiral Trunk ; Back fmooth, without Creft, SPEGIFIC CHARACTER. Firft Wings brown, with two gold-filver fpots on each. Second Wings and Abdomen pale brown. Head. Antenne and Thorax bright orange brown.——— Sy/?, Ent. 607, 71.—Linn, Syft. Nat. 2. 845. 131.—Lfn, Sv. 1170.—Degeer Inf. Vers. Germ. 2. To 312. 3.—Albin. Inf. Tab. 84. Fig G. H.—Wilks Pap. 8. Zab. 1. a, 17.—Aéta Holm. 1748. Tab. 6, Fig. 3. ge Kleman, Inf. 1. Tab. 30. Fig. A. ‘The Caterpillars which are fmooth, and of a plain green colour, are found on fuch plants as grow in ditches, or fenny f:tuations.-—The Sifymbrium Nafturtium, Water Crefs, is its common food, but it will devour with avidity moft aquatic vegetables, particularly the Feftuca Fluitans, Floating Fefcue Grafs. It is efteemed one of the rareft Species of Phalane we have in this country, its elegant form and rich colouring determines it alfo one of the moft beautiful. Near Vou. I, E London Coe Vet A eo) London it has been fought with moft fuccefs in the Batterfea Fields, or on thofe banks which abound with aquatic plants, between Batterfea and Richmond; the marfhes in the vicinity of Deptford and Rother- | hithe have been yet more productive ; we do not | owever underftand that any have been taken this feafon about the metropolis. The very fingular manner in which this Caterpillar conftructs its web, deferves particular notice: previous to its transformation from the Larva to the Aurelia, it quits the tender plants which afford nou- rifhment, and retires to thofe, better calculated for its proteCtion, in its defencelefs ftate; its choice is generally the Scirpus Lacuftris (Bull Rufh), or the ftouteft plant that is near, if its leaves are rufhy and ftrong. Its firft procefs is to make a deep incifion acrofs the leaf, which it effets with little labour, as its mouth is well armed for the purpofe; the upper part of the leaf being thus deprived of its fupport, inftantly besomes dependent; the Caterpillar embraces the two fur- faces of the fractured leaf, and weaves its web between. ‘The web is of an exquifite texture and whitenefs, and bears great refemblance te the webs of fome {piders that frequent watery places. The Caterpillars are found in June and July, the Fly in Auguft. PLATE a Ws aay fe Lienary i é Bi 8 | a UNIVERSITY — aa ay Fi . | bape Pi a TR RT Vit, iG te PRO WE US DIE FLUE NS. GENERIC GHARACTER. An invifible, very fimple, pellucid Worm, of a variable form. SPECIFIC GHARACTER. Proteus, branching itfelf out in a variety of dire@tions. seeds | Pa cree TRPCHODA BOMBA, GENERIC ‘CHARACTER. An invifible, pellucid, hairy worm. SPEGIFIC CHARAGTER. Changeable, with a few hairs difperfed on the fore part. Millers Ani. Inf. Proteus Diffluens, under fome of its changes appears rather a fhape- lefs mafs, than an animated body; it confifts of gelatinous, pellucid fubftance, replete with dark coloured molecules, which either direét or attend, the internal exertions and aCtions of the animalculum; it pufhes forth branches of various fhapes, E 2 Is [ 28 ] Ts found in fenny fituations, but very rare; the author of the 4i- macula Infuforia, obferved it only twice. # / TRICHODA BOMBA. Inconftant as the former, and nearly as difficult to define; it is fome- times fpherical, immediately after it will become oval, Kidney thaped, &c. Itis very lively, and darts with much velocity; is thick, pellucid, and of a clay colour, or brighter. PLATE cag. PPA TE Revi PreeG. TL PUL AC ROC. Asi a: DIPTERA. Wings twa. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head Iong. Palpi 4, curved. Trunk very fhort. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. _ Black fpotted with yellow. Legs tawny, with black feet, and a black ring round the pofterior thighs. Wings tawny, with a mar- ginal brown fpot. Sy. Ent. 748. 5.—Linn. Syft. Nat..2. 971. 4.—- Fn. Sv.11939- Geoff. Inf. 2. 553-7. Tab. 19. Fig. 1. Degeer Inf. 6. 349. 10. Ray. Inf. 72+ 4 Schaef. Icon. Tab. 126. Fig. 4. Scop. carn. 845. FIG. ‘ 50 PLATE XLVIU, Be Gel. TIPULA RIV OSA, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Brown-grey. Eyes black. Antennz feathered. Wings larger than the body, with three brown patches near the margin. ‘Tail of the female bifid. Length one inch. Syft. Eni. 748. 2.—Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 971. 2— Fn, Sv. 1738. Geoff. Inf. 2. 554. 2 Degeer. Inf. 6. 341. 2. Tab. 19. Fig. 1c Raj. Inf. 72. 2. Scop. carn. 846. Atta Holm. 1739. Tab. 9. Fig. 8. Sulz. Inf. Tab. 20. Fig. 128. The Genus Tipula, comprifes an extenfive family of the Dipterous Order, or of fuch Infects as are furnifhed with two Wings only. Our largeft Species are Tzp. Rivofa, Crocata, Lunata, &c. the moft com- mon is 7. Oleracea, generally known by the trivial appellations, Long Legs, Old Father, &c. It is, as are alfo the other Species, perfectly harmlefs and inoffenfive ; yet their fingular form, and more particularly the extraordinary difproportion of their legs, operates frequently to their difadvantage with the ignorant, who readily fuppofe they have to avoid, the fecreted fting, of whatever appears aukward or uncommon. Our finaller Species are infinitely more numerous, and many of - them are not defcribed, being fo very minute as to remain unnoticed. The Tzpula Plumofa, Plate xxu1, differs materially in its general appear- ance from the larger kinds, 6 We PIA T E RLV. 31 We rarely find a {pecimen of the larger kinds of Tipula with the legs gomplete; the lofs of one or two of thofe members do not materially retard the brifknefs of its motions, but it cannot fly after fuffering a total amputation, though it will then live a confiderable time. The Tipula Rivofa being entangled by two of its legs in the fnare of a large fpider [ARANEA DiapeMal], at firft endeavoured to dif- engage them by force, but this rather added to its calamity, and a third leg was attracted by the glutinous matter on the threads; the fpider approached, and the creature accelerated its efcape by leaving its legs inthe web. It is very common to obferve the broken limbs of the Tipule in the fnares of this fpecies of fpider. The Larva of many Tipulz, more efpecially the very minute forts, are found in ftanding water, but the larger, generally feed on the roots of grafs, and may be found by turning up the light furface of the earth. The Vipula Rivofa is taken in May and June, the Tipula Crocata in June and July; the latter is obferved in the flower-garden or orchard, PLATE F t it ee py Deity iy Was wan ADL fora Losery i Seas ; CD eS ‘ nt = Engg] De Be ees EX ARANEA DIADEM A, Waitt Cross, SPIDER. APTERA. No wings. GENERIC CHARACTER. Legs eight. Eyes eight. SPECTEIC COLARAGT ER, Abdomen gibbous, red-brown, with white fpots in the form of a crofs. Syft. Ent. 434. 13.—Linn. Syft. Nat. 2.1030. 1. —Fn, Sv. 1993. ARANEA cruciger.—Degeer. Inf. 7. 218. 1. Tab. 11. Fig. 3. ARANEA Linnzxi, —Scop. carn. 1077. Mouff, Inf. 233. Fig. 1. Aldrov. Inf. 608. Fig. 9. Tonft. Inf. Tab. 18. Fig. 17. 19. 20. Ra. Inf. 18. 2. Lift. Aran. Fig. 2 Frifch. Inf. 7. Tab. 4. Clerk. Aran. Tab. 21. Fig. 2, Schaef. Elem. Tab. 21. Fig. 2 Icon. Tab. 19. Fig. 9. The Genus 4ranea includes a vaft, if not endlefs variety of fpecies, and though the greateft diffimilarity may be obferved as to fize, pro=, portion, or colouring, of many individual kinds, yet the rapacioufnefs eVox. IT, ry common ra Pi. A Toms XLIx. common to the family, is apparent in all. Our domeftic Spiders are plain in their colours, and feldom attain a very extraordinary fize ; the gardens are infefted by {pecies fomewhat larger, and more lively in their marks and teints, but if we with to trace the juft gradations of the beauty, or fize, of thofe deteftable creatures, the forefts abound ; and will afford the higheft eratification to the enquiries of the naturalift. We have Spiders purely white, or white ftained with a lovely green; yellow, marked with a vivid red; purples fhaded with the richeft hues, and the brighteft browns, befpangled with the utmoft elegance and fymmetry : Yet under thofe rich adornments which nature has fo pro- fufely beftowed on this complication of beauty, and ferocity, we dif- cover inherent qualities, which, in larger animals, would become formidable, and though we feel confident of our fuperiority over the infidious art of fuch a contemptible creature, yet the mind is fufcepti- ble of an inward abhorrence at its touch, which neither the expanfion of philofophy, or ignorance of its difpofition, will fometimes fupprefs. It is probable, that Thomfon, in his eoripaen of the Spider, felt this fympathy of the human mind, «< ‘To heedlefs flies the window proves A conftant death ; where, gloomily retired, The villain Spider lives, cunning and fierce, Mixture abhorr’d ! Amid a mangled heap Of carcafes, in eager watch he fits, O’er-looking all’ his waving {nares around. Near the dire cell, the dreadlefs wanderer oft _Paffes, as oft the ruffian fhews his front ; The prey at lait enfnar’d, he dreadful darts With rapid glide along the leaning line; And fixing in the wretch his cruel fangs, Strikes backward grimly pleas’d: the flutt’ring es And fhriller found declare extreme diftrefs, And afk the helping hofpitable hand.” Farly in the fpring we find the nefts of Spiders in the crevices _ef old walls, trees, and other cbfcure places. They are enclofed in webs of a white, yellow, or grey colour, varying according to the {pecies ; Pek Ty By RBEX, 35 fpecies ; immediately that the warmth of the fun has hatched them, they difperfe, it being no longer neceflary to live in focieties, which indeed, would deprive fome of their fubfiftence. In February we took a neft of minute yellowifh eggs, which proved to be the infant offspring of the A. Diadema, they fcarcely exceeded the fize of a pin’s head when hatched, and were of a bright yellow colour 5 at firit their food was the common houfe fly, but their increafe in bulk was fo rapid that it was neceflary to deftroy many, to preferve a few; we therefore felected four fpecimens, which being fed in feparate glaffes, and on different infects, exhibited each a diftinét degree of ftrength, and colour. One fpecimen deftroyed thirty of the common houfe fly in a day; it then appeared much enlarged, and the colours were almoft black, except the fpots-of white, which: fparkled with infinite luftre; but being confined a week without a frefh {upply, its colours were confiderably faded ; another week of ab{tinence reduced its colours to a pale uniform brown, the body was much wafted, and the creature became perfectly ravenous. It devoured a vaft quantity of food, and recovered much of its former colours a few hours after. Our largeft Spiders are incomparable for their fize, or venomous qualities, to the productions of America, or of the eaitern countries ; in Germany they are far fuperior in’ fize to our ipecimens, but in Surinam they are infinitely furpafied, Spiders of thofe parts being often found with legs as thick as a goofe-quill, and three or four inches in length, which with difficulty fupport a body as large as a pullet’s egg. ‘Their {nares are commonly extended from one branch of a tree to another, covering the {pace of twenty or thirty feet, and is fufi- ciently {trong to entangle the largeft infects. A. Seba has figured a Spider of this defcription, as defcending from an arin of a tree, into the neft of a fmall f{pecies of Humming Bird, to fuck the blood of the parent, and eggs. “ The eyes of the Spider are a very beautiful microfcopic object, viewed either as tranfparent or opake; they have generally cight, two on the top of the head, that look directly upwards ; two in the front, a little below the foregoing, to difcover what pafles before it; and on each fide a couple more, one whereof points fideways forward, the otner fideways backward ; fo that it can fee almoft all around it. ‘They are immoveable, and feem to be formed of a hard, tranfparent, horny fub- ftance. ‘The nunzber of eyes is not the fame in all the {pecies of the Bo Spider. 36 Po A Tae LAX: Spider. They have eight legs, with fix joints, thickly befet with hairs, and terminating in two crooked moveable claws, which have little teeth like a faw; ata fmall diftance from thefe claws, but placed higher up, is another, fomewhat like a cock’s fpur, by the affiftance of which it adheres to it’s webs; but the weapon wherewith it feizes and kills its prey is a pair of fharp crooked claws, or forceps, placed in the fore-part of the head. They can open or extend thefe pincers as occafion may require; when undifturbed they fuifer them to lie one upon another. Mr. Lewenhoeck fays, that each of thefe claws has a {mall aperture, or flit, through which he {uppofes a poifonous juice is injected into the wound it makes. | «© The exuvia of the Spider, which may be found in cobwebs, be- ing tranfparent, is‘an excellent object; and the fangs, or forceps, may be eafier feparated from it, and examined with more exaCinefs than in a living Spider. » The contexture of the Spider’s web, and their man- ner of weaving them, have been difcovered by the microfcope. “The Spider is fupplied with a large quantity of glutinous matter within it’s body, and five dugs, or teats, for {pinning it into thread, This fubftance, when examined accurately, will be found twifted into many coils, of an agate colour, and which, from its tenacity, may bé eafily drawn out into threads. The five teats are placed near the extremity of its tail; from thefe the aforefaid fubftance proceeds; it adheres to any thing it is prefled againft, and being drawn out, hardens in the air. “Uhe Spider can contraé or dilate at pleafure the orifices through which the threads are drawn. The threads unite at a fmall diftance from the body, fo that thofe which appear to us fo fine and fingle, are notwithftanding compofed of five joined together, and thefe are many times doubled when the web is in formation.” ° The Spider parallels defign, Sure as Du Moivre, without rule or line. Pops. PLATE 37 PLA T Emm. Bod, Gav The head and thorax, natural fize, BiG. oe A fragment of the head, with the eyes complete, as it appears when examined by the fpeculum of an opaque microfcope, defcribing the fituation of thofe organs, in this fpecies of Spider. FIG, Mi. One of its fore claws, natural fize, \ Ei Ge kVve The extremity of the claw magnified. Every foot is conftructed after this form. PLATE Pee ee ae . nage on : ‘ ) a a ere Sf a ea PLAS ELL PHAL NASP PST. Broom Morus. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. W ings, in general, contracted when at reft. Fly by night. Noétua. - SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Firft wings red brown, clouded with dark brown, two fpots in the _ centre, and a pale yellow undulated line near the exterior margin, Second wings and abdomen light brown with a broad fhade of a sreyifh colour. Syft. Ent. 610. 88.—Lin. Syft. Nat. 2.854. 172.— | Fn. Sv. 1206.—Degeer. Inf. Verf. Germ Te Ts 222. 10, Raj: Inf. 160. 10. Wilks pap. 4. Tabi ts ae Vie Reef. Inf. 1. Phal. 2. Tab. 52. Merian. Europ. Tab. 50. nanan RRRaRRRn ee d The Caterpillars will devour indifcriminately the leaves of the knot-grafs, of peafe, the broom, &c. it is from the latter food, the Moth receives its name. The Caterpillars are found in July and § ¢ Auguft, 40 IP LAG sk Tole Auguft, and defcend into the ground late in September or the firft week in October, and the Fly comes forth in July. Caterpillars that enter the earth in the larva form, pafs to the chryfalis, and iffue forth in the perfect or Fly ftate, have no occafion . for a web to protect them ; and therefore few {pecies prepare one. But among thofe which remain expofed in the open air, a very fmall pro- portion neglect to weave a web with the utmoft {kill and induftry ; the Jeaft attentive to this apparently neceflary precaution are the Papiliones, who, often regardlefs of their fituations, are found [in chryfalis] fuf- pended -againft walls, the trunks, or branches of trees, and even paleings in very public roads. PLATS ~s emcee Be Oe een at eS ee — q 3 “i % , ; Poms a Chae as a vas Be Sra DN xX LIP ULE OR MIS: CuRRANT SPHINX LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thickeft in the middle. Wings, when at reft, deflexed, Fly flow, morning and evening only. SPE CLIC) CHARACTER, Wings tranfparent, with black veins; a bright brown fpot at the extreme angle of each fuperior Wing. nels bearded; dark purplifh black, with yellow bands. Syft, Ent. 549. 9.— Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 804. 32.— Fn. Sv. 1096. Clerk. Icon. Tab. 9. Fig. 31. Fuefl. Magaz. Tab. 1. Fig. 6. Harr. Inf. angl. Tab. 3. Fig. 8. Sesta Tipuliformis. Fab. Spec. Inf. Tab. 2. 157+ A very elegant, though common Species of the Sphinx Genus: it is taken in the months June and July. After the Infect dies, the colour of the thorax and abdomen, except the yellow bands, is en- tirely black, or black with a very faint glofs of a reddifh blue: but is an exceedingly brilliant dark purple, while the creature is alive; and the yellow belts on the alternate divifions of the body, glitter in the funfhine with the effulgence of molten gold. The legs are yet more beautiful, as the purple, though paler, is of a livelier luftre ; and every joint is deeply fringed with the fame golden colour as that on the body. Wow, Uh. G The 42 PL A ae Lat. ‘The wings, which are perfectly tranfparent, except at the apex, are delicately veined, and ribbed with black lines. The fan tail is expanded or contracted at pleafure. | “TF the-esgature burfts from it’s chryfalis in the morning, it is gene- rally obferved {porting among the leaves of the neareft plants about noon; and this is commonly the time the male is feen feeking its mate. It’s very fingular appearance before the opaque microfcope, induced us to give the magnified figure, together with the Caterpillar, Chry= falis, and Sphinx, of the natural fize. PLATE Ci sca ith to a) EE a PeA T EB. LoL SPHINX TIPULIFORMIS, CURRANT SPHINX. CATERPILLAR, Curysatis, and SpHinx of the Natural Size. The Female depofits her eggs in the crevices of fuch twigs as are hollow ; and a peculiar inftinét almoft invariably dire@ts her to the ftalks of the currant trees: which are not only eafy of accefs, but afford grateful nourifhment to the young brood. Immediately that the Caterpillar is enlarged from the egg, it perforates the ftalk, and, hav- ing entire pofleffion of the inner channel, it feeds on the foft fubftance which is abundant within. Thus it is fecured by nature, with a de- fence againft many depredators, to which all Caterpillars, exeept in- ternal feeders, are expofed. ik changes to a Chryfalis within che ftalk. A fhort: time before the Infect burfts forth, the Chryfilis is pro- truded through the outer bark, precifely in the fame manner as the Chryfalis of the Sp. Apiformis (PLATE 25.)5 and is fupported by a fimilar contrivance, every fegment being ferrated, or armed, with a row of very minute teeth, which firmly embrace the fub{tance of the ftalk, and elevate the Chryfalis in an oblique pofture; until the laft efforts of the Infect completely difengages it from the cafe. The Sp. Tipuliformis is the only Species of the tranfparent-winged Hawk-Moths, which is common near London ; and is the fmalleft In- fe&t of this divifion of the genus: the divifion contains few individual fpecies: but fuch as are generally very rare; at leaft the broods appear Jocal in this country. ‘The Currant Sphinx is taken in June. G2 PLATE igre ng ad SEA va MCZ LIBRARY HARVARD. UNIVE [pag foe it LIV, CICADA. HEMIPTERA. Shells, or upper wings, femi-cruftaceous, not divided by a ftraight future, but incumbent on each other. Beak curved downward, GENERIC CAARACTER. Antenne taper. Shells membraneous, In each foot three joints. Hind legs ftrong for leaping. SIE os ETE PF LG. ih CICADA SANGUINOLENTA, * # # SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Black. Three red {pots on each fhell. Sy/ft. Ent. 688. 2.—Linn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 708. 226 Geoff. Inf. t. 418. Tab. 8. Fig. 5. Naturf. 6. Tab. 2. Scop. carn. 330- Fuefly. Inf: Helv. 24. 456. Cercopis Sanguinolenta, Fab. Spec. Inf. t. 2. 329. rE The moft beautiful of the Cicade which inhabit this country ; and rare with us, though common to many parts of Europe. It is ‘peculiar to the chalky and fandy foils of Dartford, and fome more diftant places. It is taken in June and July. ; LG: 46 PLA TE) iy, Fr.) il: CICADA SPUMARIA. Cuckow-spitr INSECT, or FrotH Worn. RPECIPIC CHARACT EUR. Brown. Beneath lighter. Shells with two imperfect white belts, or long tranfverfe {pots, inferior wings pale. Syft. Ent. 688. 5.—Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 708. 2A Fa, Sv. 881. Cicada fufca, fafcia duplici albida interrupta tranf- verfa,— Geoff. Inf. 1. 415. 2. Cicada Spumaria Graminis fufca, alis fuperioribus maculis albis.—Degeer Inf. 3. 163. 1. Tab. 11. Fig. I-21. Locufta pulex Swammerdamii, nobis Cicadula. ~ Raj. Inf. 67. Ranatra bicolor, capite nigricante. zoph. Tab. 61. Fig. g. Cicada fufca alis fuperioribus maculis albis, in fpuma quadam vivens.—Degeer Aéia Holm 17416 221. Vermes fpumans.—Frifch, Inf. 8. 26. Tab. 12. ~ Locufta germanica.—Roe/. Inf-2.—Gryll. Tab. 23. Sulz. Inf. Tab. 10. Fig. 64. Schaef. Elem. Tab. 42. fuefly. Inf. Helv. 450. -CERCOPIS fpumaria.—Fab, Spec. Inf. tom 2. 329. Petiv. Ga- Cicadia PYLAA TE LIV 47 Cicada Spumaria is not only common in this country, but is abun- dant in every part of Europe. -It frequents moft plants, but thofe _ efpecially which exhale much moifture. The food of the Larva ap- pears entirely of the vegetable kind, and confifts, for the moft part, of the fuperabundant fluids which all plants tranfpire. “ The Cuckow-Spit, or FrotH-Wor\M, is often found hid in that frothy matter which we find on the furface of plants. It has an oblong, obtufe body ; and a large head, with fmall eyes. ‘The ex~ ternal Wings, for it hath four, are of a dufky brown colour, marked with two white fpots: the head is black. ‘The fpume in which it is found wallowing, is all of its own formation, and very much refembles frothy fpittle. It proceeds from the vent of the animal, and other parts of the body; and, if it be wiped away, a new quantity will be quickly feen ejected from the little animal’s body. Within this fpume, it is feen in time to acquire four tubercles on its back, wherein the wings are enclofed: thefe burfting, from a reptile it becomes a winged animal.” : “The colour of the winged Infe& is found to vary from a deep cho- colate, to a very pale brown. It is taken in July and Auguft. It rarely ufes its wings for flight, as the hind legs are formed for leaping; at one effort it will frequently bound to the diftance of two or three yards. 3 F 1G, Ao PILIAT B ALIN FIG. Ill. CICADA VIRIDIS. ¥ * * SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Head yellow, with two black fpots. On the target two black dots. Superior Wings green, witha yellowifh border. Inferior Wings pale. Body blue. Legs yellowifh. Syft. Ent. 2. 685. 21.—Linn. Syft. Nat. 2.711. 46s Fu, Sv. 896. Locufta pulex paullo minor.—Raj. Inf. 68. 3. Ranatra viridefcens. — Petiv. Gazoph. 73. Tab. 76. Fig. 6.— Geoff: Inf. 1. 417. 5- Fuefly. Inf. Helv. 24. 465. Cicapa Viridis.—Fab. Spec. Inf. t. 2.. 326s A {fpecies not uncommon, but lefs plentiful than the C. Spumaria. It is found in July and Auguft, on aquatic plants; generally on the high rufhes which abound in marfhy places, PLAT & ny; ey Avy LY iel Sk ete i hn j ae ines > ee Ey Aa i Lr oae: | oe ek ory PAPILIO URTIC & SMALL TORTOISE- SHELL BUTTERFLY. iepapore ren. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz clavated. Wings, when at reft, erect. Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Deep orange. Wings confiderably indented. Above, on the fupe- - rior Wings, fix black and two whitifh {pots. Inferior Wings, one large fpot on each. A broad exterior black border, edged with black and yellow, anda row of light blue fpots on each Wing. Underfide, black-brown with waves and dafhes of yellow, brown, &c. Syft. Ent. 505. 263.—Linn. Sy/t, Nat. 2.777.167. —Fn, Sv, 1058.—Geoff. Inf. 2. 37. 4. Papilio urticaria vulgatiffima, rufo nigro cceruleo et albo coloribus varia. Raj. Inf. 117. 1. Robert. Icon. Tab. 5. Huffn. Pid. 2. Fig. 16. “Merian. Europ. 44. Tab. 44. Albin, Inf. Tab. 4. Fig. 5\- Schaef. Icon. Tab. 142. Fig. nas Goed. Inf. 3. Tab. 3. ees ee ST eve, Se. Vou. I. [8 : A very Pl Ae hy. A very beautiful fpecies of the Papzlzo; and, were it lefs frequent, would be infinitely efteemed for the elegant combination of its co- lours; but is at prefent little regarded. The old Flies are obferved in | May, the Caterpillars are hatched about the middle of June; in July they are full fed, and caft their laft exuvize: they transform into Chry- falis, in which ftate they remain only fifteen days, and then burft forth a Papilio. | They continue to breed in vaft quantities during the warm weather; and have, if the feafon be favourable, feveral broods before the win “-~'— ’ ‘was not contained in his cabinet. It is very common in England, in Jnly. * Geoff. Inf. 1. 388. 1. tab. 6. fig» 4: H 2 é FIG, PA a ev ie Fre i SILPHA QUADRIPUNCTATA, COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. -Antennz clavated, foliated. . Head prominent. ‘Thorax margined, SPEGIFIG CHARACTER. Head, Antenne, and Legs black. ‘Thorax yellow, with a large {pot of black. Shells yellow, with four fmall black fpots. Length half an inch. Appears local te certain parts of this kingdom: is fometimes taken by beating the Oaks in Caen-wood, near Hampftead, in July; it is, however, rare. Cy PLATE ie a7 5S, Ey AG hs ck av oe FIG. L PHALZENA LAMDELLA. TINE &e SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Superior Wings bright yellow brown, witha triangular dark fpot, extended obliquely from the inferior margin, to the center of the Wing, and terminated by a minute ‘tached fpot of the fame colour. A non-cefcript, and has hitherto only been taken on Epping-foreft : * the brood was difcovered in a furze-buin, by Mr. Bentley, an eminent Collector of Infects, in July 178g; the Cabinets of feveral Naturalifts have been fuppiied from the parcel then taken, as the Species has rarely been obferved fince. We prefer the name Lamdella, as the form of the Greek Lamda (2) is well characterized, on the fuperior Wings, i Et Geek: PHALANA AURANA. PwR A Lit 's* SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Superior Wings brown, with two orange fpots on each inferior Wings brown. Syft, Ent. 653. 43.—Fabri. Spec. Inf. 11. 286. 66. ® Fab. Gen. Inf. An 54 PL ere Eva. An elegant Species of the minuter kinds of Lepidopterous Infects: it derives its name from the {pots of. bright orange, or gold colour, which are on the fuperior wings: is very rare: our {pecimen was taken in Kent, late in July; it appears peculiar to that county only, or is certainly very unfrequently, if ever, found elfewhere. Larva unknown, : iG, cull PHALANA APICELLA. Trew e As SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Grey. A circular {pot of gold, or orange colour, at the apex of each fuperior Wing. Non-defcript, and 1s alfo very rare. Our fpecimen was procured by beating a White thorn-bufh, on Epping-foreft, early in May. ~ The orange fpot on the ends of the upper wings afford the moft ftriking diftinction for a Specific Character; we therefore deno- minate it Apicella. WIsHING Peis Wi WisHINnG to comprife fuch information as may recommend our Work, to a general Clafs of Readers, we are abfolutely compelled to deviate from that uniform path which we at firft intended to purfue 5 by introducing the figures of fome Moths before we can procure their Jarva; we promife this will rarely occur, except with Infects whofe Jarva are unknown; and the Author will fpare no expence, or trouble, to attain even thofe: but, were he to refufe a place to the many valu- able fpecimens recently difcovered, it would be very difpleafing to the greater part of his Subfcribers ; therefore, as an invariable obfer- vance of fuch intention, promifes only to exclude the moft rare of our Infects, we cannot always indulge it: on tois plan, in the firft Volume we could neither have reprefented the Phal. Batis, Peach Bloffom, as the larva has only once been found; or the Phal. Chrifternana, whofe larva is unknown*: Thefe are Infeéts which few Cabinets in Eng- land poffefs; hence the figures muft be very acceptable, and their rarity a fufficient apology for their premature introduction. * The Caterpillars of a very {mall portion of minute Moths are known; and many Species in the adult {tate are fo very rare, as to have efcaped the attention of the moft accurate Entymologifts. Of the number which are afcertained as natives, very few are hitherto figured, or even defcribed. Pian Pee aad SA bt ¢ i il i 5th 4 7 4 Lk f\ peed Misirigit bi era Pe bil, DL EB LV OR. La Cfo aie & PHALEANA PRUNIELLA, LEPIDOPTERA, GENERIC CHARACTER. Pee Ae Ze oN AS Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings, in general, contracted when at reft, Fly by night. | Lirno#E at SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Superior wings brown, inclining to purple ; from the interior mar- _ gin is extended a broad white dafh along the pofterior margin, nearly two thirds of its length; but is interrupted near the extremity by a {quare fpot of dark brown. Inferior wings grey. Head and thorax white. Abdomen grey. a See aR I a ‘We have copied the name Pruniella, from that celebrated work of Clerk, faid to be executed under the immediate infpection of Linneus _himfelf: He has figured it in the 11th Plate, Fig. 4. But the great _ fcarcity of that work, there not being twelve copies in this country, can have contributed in a very {mall meafure to its being generally known ; ‘which indeed is the fact, as it does not appear any writer fince that time has figured, or even defcribed it. Some were, perhaps, ignorant of its having been figured in Clerk’s Plates, which however, could not have been the cafe with Linneus; but we cannot find that he has defcribed it, or referred to Clerk’s figure in any part of his works 5 Vou. Il. I though 68 PLATE LVIUI. though a copy of that book came over with the Linnzan collection, into the hands of Dr. Smith; nor can we trace any defcription of this‘moth in the writings of Fabricius; he alfo has not quoted the figure: We may hence conclude. that although the infect is frequent in the months of June and July, it is little known, except with thofe who poflefs collections ; and even many of that defcription are perhaps unacquainted with the circumflance of its having been named by Clerk, and probably by no other author. i ; Taken at Highgate. Playa PHALHANA MARGINELLA. LEPIDOPTERA, GENERIC CHARACTER. PHAL#ZENA. TINe a. r SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Firft wings bright, pale brown, with a broad white margin. Second wings white. if Our prefent fpecies was unknown to Linneus; but according to his definition of genera, is one of the tinee; it will be neceflary, however, to diftinguith it from the tinea marginella of Fabricius, which is a native of Germany, and altogether different; that writer, it is well known, divided many of the genera of Linnzus, and from — their materials conftituted an infinitely greater number; it was by fuch diyifions he feparated the tinge, into the genera, tinee and alu- 9 Cite, Mate J PLAT E> LVI. $9 eit, removing the alucite* of Linnzus under the title of Ptero- phorus. He therefore ufes the fpecific name marginella to his tinea and alu= cita. Our fpecimen is deferibed by him, under the name Aucita marginella. It is found on the juniper in May. ‘Taken at Dartford. — el ei eee a PHALHANA PAVONANA: LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER; PHALZENA. TORTRIX SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Superior wings clouded with black and buff-coloured markings, and a very minute reprefentation of a peacock’s feather at the apex, A | dorfal fpot of bright brown, furrounded with a deep black mark,_ Inferior wings grey brown, with the eye of the peacock’s feather at the apex. This fingular Tortrix, which abounds with beautiful markings, is particularly diftinguifhed by the elegantly little mark at the apex of the upper wings, which appears like the feather of a peacock’s tail: * The infe&ts diftinguifhed by this title are known by the trivial names Plumes, or Fans; their wings being entirely formed of feathers connected only near the bafe in the manner of a fan, 12 she 60 PEA TE ‘War the ferruginous dorfal fpot, furrounded with a thick black mark, although pretty, is by no means peculiar to this fpecies, being common to feveral other minute moths: the clouded markings of black and buff-colour, interfperfed with filver, give this little animal a beautiful appearance, particularly under the microfcope. The under wings have a fimilar appearance of a peacock’s feather, but more obfolete at the apex. We believe this fpecies has never been defcribed before, and. very tarely taken. Our fpecimen was found in Suflex.—Augutft. PLATE bee Pee A TE EX. PLG DL PHALENA PAVONANA MAGNIFIED. PYsG, Jy PHALHNA PRUNIELLA MAGNIFIED. We cannot felect more pleafing objects for microfcopical inveftiga- tion, than thofe two minute moths, efpecially the firft; the markings appear rather confufed without the affiftance of elaffés, but a lens of a very {mall power completely developes it of this imaginary obfcu- rity, and difplays an elegance fufficient to recommend it to our atten- tion; but independent of fuch confideration, it will, it is prefumed, be confidered as a material advantage to the defcription annexed, to ac- company the figure of the natural fize with a microfcopical reprefen- tation; not to enforce that fuch addition is indifpenfibly neceffary, but when moths like the prefent offer, whofe marks, though beautiful, appear confufed, it will certainly much affift to its neceflary informa- tion ; as well as in future to determine the fpecies itfelf. > . PLATE oe i NY 5 4 4 au. Be hy resis a siibeines 60 COR cal PA TE . LA. CURCULIO SCROPHULARIE, COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Antenne elbowed in the middle, and fixed in the fnout, which is prominent and hairy. Joints in each foot four. *** Long fnout. Thighs dentated. SPECIFIG CHARACTER. Somewhat fpherical. Thorax narrow, befet with yellow-white hairs. Shells black brown, ftriated; a large black fpot on the future, on each fide of which are two {mall {pots. Length three lines. Sy, Ent. 140. 68.—Linn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 614. 61. —Fn, Sv. 603. Geoff. Inf. 1. 296. 44. Degeer Inf. 5.208. 3. Tab. 6. Fig. 17. 18. 19. 20% Lift. Scarab, Angl. 395. 35. Reaum, Inf. 3. Tab. 2. Fig. 12. ‘This fingular little infect feeds, when in the larva ftate, on plants og the /crophularia genus, (fig-wort), and thence receives its fpecific name. ‘The beetle is not uncommon in June, and is ufually found on the fame plants as the larva: the minutenefs of this creature evades a complete difcovery of the uncommonly teflelated appearance it af- fumes before the fpeculum of an opake microfcope; our plate repre- fents the chryfalis and beetle, natural fize, together with a confide- rably magnified figure of the latter. | PLATE Ay < i 3 WF LEAS ItuD EL FATA RENE Peak Pe XT, PHALENA STRAMINEA. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne taper from the bafe. Wings, in general, contracted when at reft. Fly by night. AN 0) C04 As SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Antenne and tongue deep yellow. Head and thorax covered with long hairs; which, with the fuperior wings, are pale yellow, or bright clay colour; in the middle of the fuperior wing is a kidney-fhaped {pot of dull grey, enclofed by a dark reddifh brown line, which is united to the anterior margin by another fpot of the fame colour. Near t e exterior margin is a broad obfolete band of pale brown, but where it touches the anterior margin it is darker; within this band are nine white fpots,,or points, and between the band and exterior margin of the wing, on the lower edge, is a bright black point; there are feveral other reddifh brown points fcattered upon the upper wing, near the bafe. ‘The inferior wings are of a yellowifh-white, with a fhade of purple, a dark fpot on the middle, anda pale black, broad border, with a white fringe. eepecmmenmteteeme oo Se ss eeneeeeencnmell This elegant fpecies of the Noéua divifion of Moths, appears to be not only a nondefcript, but altogether unknown before; even to the beft practical entymologifts: That an infe&t of fuch magnitude fhould have been unnoticed by Linnaus, or Fabricius, is not very fingular, as feveral nondefcripts of a fimilar, and many of an inferior, Vou. U. K fize 66 PAL, a hare ET fize, are to be fecn in almoft every cabinet; but that the fpecies fhould have efcaped the refearches of the moft eminent colleCtors, is rather aftonifhing. We have fought every information which our connection would permit; and from the refult we fcarcely hefitate to pronounce the infect of a nondefcript fpecies, and our fpecimen to be perfectly unique; at leaft it is a newly-difcovered acquifition to many fcientific entymologitts. The original, whence the figure has been copied, is in the collec- tion of the author; it was taken in a lane leading immediately from the wood at Tottenham, the laft weck in June, 1793. It was dif- covered in the evening, ona blade of grafs; and, from its wet ap- pearance, as well as exquifite prefervation, it had certainly juft emerged from its chryfalis. The Caterpillar may be fuppofed to be an underground feeder, and to fubfift on the roots of grafs, &c. or one of that kind which comes’ enly above the furface of the earth in the night. PLATE 69, Pies, TB LOC MOG Ar ON OP OR DIN ITS? Dr pow BOR AL Wings twe. GENERIC CHARACTER. A foft flexible trunk, with lateral lips at the end. No palpi. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Head, thorax, and body, yellow brown, Wings, variegated with brown fpots. Syft. Ent. 787. 80. Fabric. Spee. Inf. 2. 455. 105. Whether this is the Mufca Onopordinis of Linnzus, as quoted, we cannot exactly determine; it anfwers to his defcription of that infe&t, but he fpeaks fo very concifely,. that we will not venture to affure ourfelves of his M. Oxepordinis being our fpecies. In this and many other inftances we find, that though brevity is the greateft ex- cellence of the Linnean defcriptions, it is alfo their moft effential fault. The fpecies may, with much propriety, ftand under the name Onopordinis, as we believe it has never been figured before; and, fhould the Linnean fpecies be hereafter difcovered to differ from the _ prefent, a new name may be readily given to that infect. Flies in April and May, and is very common in the fummer, in ‘woods. K 2, PIlVAT E 4 dierortil fentt abi ag ' . a si al \ aan ’ y A oy F Peigps | i ' iran Bat ey \ : ina ! PLT ak np ele ocean Yipee le Ae eT Cig ey enigt ts : fo iS) ii e } Aa” ‘ ’ Fit aa ar le Net ae hy iG ; SCR et |g Mas ah OEE hail ; Pepe, ive ay 6k clea nha’ eee y ; Nore Pe hy mec Re pais i vite 5 ae ae et ‘ ab ie é soe " ; aes aS oe Mirou gtk they win ie 1 oe int arr “Ae uals ot wa boplt cen aig ahs Sieg eee yt ade Psa Se “ovoid, af Sst a ‘pita: fh wd as sot bid pes wd sub i ay Peat Ee LANL, Berane SILPHA THORACICA, CoLEoPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Antenne clavated, foliated. Head prominent. Thorax margined, @& i SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Black. Three longitudinal lines on each fhell. Thorax red-brown. Sy/?. Ent. 73. 6.—Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 571. 13.— Fn. Sv. 452.—Stroem. AG, Nidrof. 3, Tab. 6. Fig. 1. Silpha. Degeer Inf. 4. 174. 3. Tab. 6. Fig. 7. Peltis nigra, c.—Geoff. Inf. 1. 12.1. 6. Scarabeus.—Raj. Inf. go. 10. Cafida nigra, &Fc.—Gadd. Satag. 25. Silpha Thoracea. Scop. carn. 54. Berg fir. Nomencl. 1.23. 5. Tab. 3. Fig. §. Schaef. Icon. Tab. 75. Fig. 4. Sulz. Inf. Tab. 2. Fig. 12. ~ Taken at Charlton in June. It is a very rare fpecies in every part of this country, though not unfrequent in Germany. FIG, a PLAT) um \ | a Sig tl Ei IL CA 5's 1D A AO Ra PERN FACE A: COLEOPTERA, GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne knotted, enlarging towards the ends. Shells and thorax bordered. Head concealed under the corfelet, SPLCTEIC CHARACTER: Bright green above, on each fhell near the fcutellum a very bright fanguineous mark. Beneath, bedy and thighs black. Legs and feet light brown. Is found on vertitillated plants and thiftles in May. Although. confounded by fome with the common Caffida (C. Vz- ridis), it differs very effentially from that infe€t: it is fmaller; of a — deeper green colour, and does not fade to a dirty brown after death: but the bright fanguineous marks on the fhells are fcarcely vifible in 2 dead {pecimen; the former is very common in May, but our fpecies IS rare. C. Cruentata has never been either defcribed or figured before. F1’G. Pet As TOME) EXER. ar: Ful Giiely. SUL PHA OB CURA. CoLEOPTERA. StL Ph ae SP ACLR PG CHAR VOC EE Entirely -black. She'ls pun&tured; with three longitudinal lines on each,, Syf. Ent. 74. 11.—Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 572. 18. —fn. Sv. 457.—Scop. carn. $7. Cassipa. Udm. Diff. 8. ——s Very frequent in May: breeds in corn-fields and meadows; but is found in many other fituations. gj UAT river allele aba, PLATE LKIV: Pie hy, CERAMBYX VIOLACEUS,. CoLEeoPTERA. GENERIG CHARACTER, Antennz articulated, and tapering to the end,, Shells long and narrow. Four joints in each foot. ‘Thorax with lateral fpines, or tubercles. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Head, thorax, and fhells, blue-purple. Legs, and underfide black, ‘Linn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 635. 70. C8, So. 667. Degeer Die 5. 88. 24. Stenocorus violaceus. Scopel. Ans Hift. Nat. 597+ 59+ Cantharis, &c. Gadd. Dis. 28. Frifch. Inf. 12. Tab. 3. Callidium violaceumn. Fab. Spec. Inf. 1. 237. 5. 2 oo a A eee Say Is éicaalindy rare in Engl nd a Epping Foreft in June. © 4 . m or fpecimens were taken on OO) Tes ‘fulpected that this fpecies, although now taken in Baeland, was not originally a native, but by acei t hes been introduced into this country, from a fome ectier’ part - of Europe. n ingenious collector * informs us, that thofe taken at Epping are ete found exadlly it in the fame place, and it is worthy a remark, on the fame fpot there are three pens ¢ of foreign fir, which evidently. * Mr. Bentley. 7 : harbour m4 PL Rey. harbour a quantity of Larvae ; probably of this infed, though not yet determined. Has been taken in different parts of the kingdom, and appears to be naturalized with us at this time. EE PG? Ik iil. CERAMBY X HISPYp Us. CoLEOPTERA. | CERAMBYX. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Head and thorax fpined, brown. Shells, upper half white with cinereous clouds; lower, brown, with longitudinal ridges, and three ftrong fpines on each, next the future. Antennz longer than the body, black and white alternately. Linn. Syf. Nat. 2. 627. 30.—Fn. Sv. 651. Geoff. Inf: 1.206. 9.—Fab, Spec. Inf. 1. 215. 27. Cerambyx fafciculatus. Degeer Inf. 5.71. 9. Tab. 3. Fig. 17. Scarabeus. Antennis articulatis longis. Raj. Inf. 97. 4. Schaef. Icon. Tab. 14. Fig. g. Frifch. Inf. 13. p.22. Tab. 16. sd One of the moft beautiful of our Coleopterous Infects, ait i is _ common in certain fituations during moft part of the fummer. _ kip U. reprints it of the natural fize, Fi ig. TIL. magnified & PLATE 4, a (Xe) al retreS an A Me Ng is Na SoA Te’ LXV. ¢ Lam ips Gags PHALZNA INTERROGATIONANA. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Antenne taper from the bafe, Wings in general contracted when at-reft. Fly by night. - 3 ‘ TOR TR I Re SPECIFIC. CHARACTER, . ; . . ° 4 = : +. s . Superior wings dark red-brown with an undulated line refembling | the note of interrogation on each. Inferior wings and body pale brown. _ er ee ee eee ee ‘Ts very rare, and has only been hitherto taken in the wilds of Kent, _ .and fome other diftant parts of the country ; qur fpecimen was taken in Auguft. “An infe& fo fingularly marked, cannot readily be confounded with any other fpecies, as we do not poffefs one which bears much refem- blance to it; the moft ftriking particular for a fpecific diftinétion are the two waved lines of white on the fuperior wings, which being con- trafted with the brown colour, gives it a very unufual appearance, It is an undefcribed infect, and we have called it Phalzna Interroga- tionana, as the white undulated mark, if viewed fideways, refcmbles a note of interrogation, . bat. Fig +6 P L.AcT\B. EXV. BIG. 41. ae. PHAL/ENA SEMI-ARGENTELLA. LEPIDOPTERA. TUNE A. SME CIFIC CHARACTER. Superior wings gold, with ftripes of filver, inferior wings grey-brown, Fig. II. natural fize. Fig. III. magnified appearance. Pha. Semi-argentella is without exception one of the moft brilliant ‘little moths we have; the natural fize is fearcely fufficient to difplay its fuperior elegance, but when examined by the microfcope, imagi- nation cannot paint a more refplendent object, for we inftantly difcover a moft wonderful combination of all the varied fhades of molten filver | and burnithed gold; its fuperior wings are entirely adorned with plates which exhibit in one view the appearance of thofe coftly metals, but vary with every direction of light; that which appears gold in one point of fight becoming red, or bright orange, while the fhades which were before of a dark brown, aflumes the refplendence of burnithed | gold; the thorax glitters with the fame fplendor; the head, antenna, and even the legs, partake alfo of this rich colouring in fome changes of light; the inferior wings are of a very delicate texture, grey colour, changeable, and though comparatively fmall, are furrounded by a ease fringe, which gives them the appearance of proportion. We are unacquainted with the works of any author that contain a figure of this infect, or we might perhaps be enabled to determine whether * PUA'TE Ux: “7 whether itis not the Pha. T. Seppella* of Fabricius; the defcriptions nearly correfpond, but we are unwilling, without other proof, to give it that fpecific name. Until very lately it was confidered as an exceedingly rare infect, but feveral {pecimens were taken at Highgate laft fummer. A Oe ET FIG. Iv. PHALANA CURTISELE & | LEPIDOPTERA. TINEA, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Superior wings, and thorax white, fpeckled, and fpotted with brown. Inferior wings and body pale brown. SSS This infect is very uncommon, and though it has never been either figured or defcribed before, it has been arranged in thofe cabi- nets which poffeffed the fpecimen, under the fpecific name Curti/ella, after Mr. Curtis, author of the Flora Londinenjfis, &c. The name was originally inferted by Mr. Marsan, in his ma- nufcripts, and was intended asa compliment to the abilities of that {cientific gentleman; it has not hitherto appeared in public, but we ' can feel no reluctance to adopt the fame name. * Alis auratis, ftrigis duabus argenteis. Gen, In/, Mant. 296. PLATE a ih be oti et ae tae, | “aebket Su shagigit ae salen é BD gle SR et ls DER ai? 6x0 Pee ere CE EVE BOMBYLIUS MAJOR: HuMBLE-BEE FL Ly. “Dir?r Tbe, Wings two. GENERIC CHARACTER. ‘Trunk taper, very long, fharp, between two horizontal valves, SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Body fhort, thick, edpered with thick yellowifh down. Wings dark brown next the anterior margin; tranfparent next the pofte- rior margin. Legs long, flender, black. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2 1009. 1.—Fn. Sv. 1918. Bombylius variegatus, &c. Degeer. Inf. 6.268. 1. Tab. 15. Fig. 10. Afilus, &c. Geoff Inf. 2. 466. 1. Reaum. Inf: 4. Tab. 8. Fig. 11, 12, 13. Mouff. Inf. 64. Fig. 5. Scop. Carn. 1018. Raj. Inf. 2.73. Schaef. Icon. Tab. 79. Fig. §. Huffnag. Inf. Tab. 8. Fig, 1. Aldr. Inf. 350. f: 10. We sea P LATE ~LXVI. We have 6nly three fpecies of this genus in England, Adzjor, Me- dius, and Minor. B. Major is not very rare, its ufual time of appearance is June and July. Together with other fpecies of the Bombylius genus, it is fometimes called the Sword-Bee-Fly: this appellation it receives from the fingu= lar form of its trunk; to affift our defcription; we have reprefented its appearance when magnified, at Fig. I. It hovers from flower to flower, when the warmth of the fun in- vites it abroad, and extraéts the neClar from flowers, by darting its probofcis into them, but never refts while feeding. - PLATE Sue ae reer See any Stee otis Oe , ree, ite 67 i heal! Prithe AD Bo LXV MELOEB VARLEG At UB Wi Scarce MELOE, ‘ice ip gttiiaien. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne globular, the laft globule oval. Thorax roundifh. Shells foft. Head gibbous, and bent downwards. ; SPECIFIC CHARACTER. ‘Head and thorax dull ereen, margined with red. Shells fhort, dull _ green fhagreened. Body large; above variegated with red, greens and copper colour: beneath purple. Legs reddith purple. Tn form and fize this fpecies is not unlike the common Meloe *; but is far fuperior to that Infe&, for the beauty of its colours: when the creature is alive. the upper part of the body partakes of the moft vivid colours, but thofe colours become more obfcure after the Infe& dies ;—this difference of the appearance, between the living and dead {pecimen of the fame fpecies, is not peculiar to this Infect only, but is commonly obferved of moft other kinds. The body is large in proportion to the other parts, but after death it is fo contraCted, or diftorted from its natural fhape, as to aflume the appearance of an incoherent mafs; the fkin fo co: Tugated as to receive a falfe light on differe nt parts of the furface, and confequently the natural Blow of ® M. Profcarabzus, M the §2 PL} TE gLXVIT. the colours confiderably decreafed by a exhalation of that moifture which ferved to refrefh them in the living flate. The underfide, from the greater tenacity of the fkin, or fhelly fub- ftance, is lefs liable to alteration than the upper fides it is entirely of a dark, but beautiful purple, which is changeable in proportion to the convexity of the body, to the moft brilliant hues; the legs are alfo of a beautiful purple, with the appearance of bronze or copper colour intermixed, It does not appear to be frequent in any part of Europe; even im Germany it is rarely, if ever taken: as one of the Briti/h Coleoptera it is very little known, and is perhaps confined to the diftant parts of Kent, where it is not generally diffufed, but is found local to certain iituations. ‘ Mr. Crow, of Feverfham, very fortunately met with brood of them laft feafon, and tranfmitted feveral fpecimens to his friends in London. ‘They varied confiderably in feveral refpeéts, and particularly in their colours; fome appearing much more beautiful than others. The male is fmaller than the female; they fecrete themfelves be- neath the furface of the earth, and fubfift on the roots of grafs, or herbage in general: are fometimes found by turning up the mould, or may be obierved crawling ameng the erafs. Come forth in April,’ or May. PLATE 69 des ae ade Had Pit G.: DUR DYTISCUS MENUTU 3. CoLEoPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper, or clavato perfoliated, Feet villous and broad. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Yellow-brown, Shells ftriated, and marked with fhort eel itripes of black. Fabri. Spec. Inf. 1. 297: os ae £ Gnatt Chryfomela Minuta. Linn. Sy/?. Nat. . Dytifcus Minutus. Linn. Sy/t, Nat. 2. 667.23.—Fn. Sv. - Dytifcus Ruficollis. Degeer. Inf. 4. 404, 18. Tab, 16. Fig. 9. Linneus placed this Infect among the CurysoMEL&, under the fpecific name Minuta; but Degeer configned it to the Dyriscus genus, and gave it the name Ruficollis: As a Dytiscus it alfo ap- neared in the Sy/fema Nature ; ; and Fabricius, as well as other late Entomologifts, have determined it to that genus, either calling it~ Minutus, or after Degeer, Ruficollis. At Fig. I: is reprefented its appearance when magnified, and at Fig. IL, the natural fize. M 2 . Is es PD Ad E,) LXVUT Is not common; our fpecimens were taken on Epping Foreft in Fune. It is an aquatic Infe€, or one of that kind which paffes- through the feveral ftates in the water, and fubfifts on the {maller, kinds of Infects, or on the fragments of macerated vegetables. Swims | very {wiftly. FIG. IL Iv. DYTISCUS FERRUGINEUS. CoLEOPTERA, DyTIscus. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. «Very convex. Above red-brown. Beneath paler, Lin. Syft. Nat. $ FIG. Ill. natural Size, F IG. IV. magnified. This InfeGt is one of the fame family, and was found at the fame , time and place as the preceding {pecies. Is not very frequently met with, ; FIG, ) PL ATE UXVIn. Bs Fig Te. DY TISCUS SULCATUS, COLEOPTERA. DyTiscus. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Shells brown, with four broad furrows, in which are grey-brown | hairs. Head black, anterior part yellow, with tranfverfe ftripes. Thorax black, with yellow marks. Beneath black, Syft. Ent. 231. 6. , Linn. 8yft. Nat. 2. 666. 13.—Fn. Sv. 773. Geoff. Inf. 1. 189. 5- Dyrtiscus fafciatus, &c. Degeer Inf. 4. 397. 4. HyprocantTuaris. Raj. Inf. 94. 3. 10. Frifch. Inf. 13. p. 13. Tab. 7. Roes. Inf. 2. Aquat. 1. Tab. 3. Fig. a Bradl. Nat. Tab. 26. Fig. 2. A. Schaef. Icon. Tab. 3. Fig. 3. Bergfir. Nomencl. 1. Tab. 5. Fig. 3.4.5. Tab. 7. Fig. 6.7 It is fufpeéted that the Dy riscus Sulcatus is only the female of the Dytiscus Cinereus, and by no means a diftiné& fpecies, although Linnzus confidered it as fuch. It is common in the rh of May, and thence is found throughout | the Summer. It paffes through the different changes, and exifts in the adult ftate in the water; and like others of the fame tribe, devours the fmaller kinds of aquatic Infect, or tender vegetables. It darts with aftonifhing {wiftnefs in fearch-of its prey by the affiftance of its hinder legs, which are well contrived for that purpofe. PLATE be) ola ; rt uh po au abe etl ds wil poor . cau Ene aw Sawa cin el, big y : Bee a ae “saul a ce al MCOZ LIBRARY HARV AnD UNIVERSE ¥. CANMSRIDGE. MA USA 63 rLSp Q PLATE UXIx. PHALENA RUBL Fox-coLourep Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general contracted when atreft. Fly by night. No Trunk. Firft Wings hotizontal. Second ereét. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Antennz feathered. Wings entire, with a whitifh margin; twe whitith tranfverfe waves on the firft pair. | Syft. Ent. 565. 35. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 813. 21.—Fu. Sv. 1103. Wilk. Pap. 25. Tab. 3. a 19 Ammiral. Inf. 32. Roes. Inf. 3. Tab. 49- ' The females of this fpecies are very rarely met with, as they con- ceal themfelves among the grafs; but the males are commonly taken when flying, and generally indicate that the females are near. The Caterpillars will feed on the willow, but prefer the leaves of the bramble. In 88 \ PLS PRA Lei In this ftate they are found about the latter end of June, July, or Auguft ; and remain fo during the Winter. In April they change to the Pupa form, and in May they appear in the Fly ftate. The Moth has little to recommend it to notice ; and the Pupa, like moft others, is of a dull uniform black brown; it is therefore under — the form of a caterpillar that it appears to moft advantage. Le) LATE C 8 J Pda ARO : BX. Ch le. I. SCARABAUS, TESTUDINARIUS., at CoLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne clavated, their extremities fiffile. Five joints in each foot, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Head black without tubercles. “Thorax black, punQured, and covered with fhort foft hairs. Shells deeply and equally ftriated, fo as to pro- duce even and regular ridges between the ftrize, which are of an ob- fcure black, fprinkled with fmall fpots of a deep yellow. Feet are of a dirty brown colour. This beautiful animal was defcribed by Fabricius as an Englifh Infect in his firft work, the Sy/fema Entomologia, but we have never feen a fpecimen of it before. A figure of this Infect may be found in Fuefly, Fablonfky, and Olivier; but thefe works being in few hands, we truft our figure will not be unacceptable to the Englifh Ento- mologift. Fig. J. The natural fize denoted by a line, Fig. I. The magnified appearance. N FIG, 90 oP aL) Agar ee ex, Ge it SCARABHUS CONFLAGRATUS. CoLEOPTERA. SCARABEUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. The whole body black and fhining, except the fhells, which are teftaceus, ftriated, with an oblong fpot, rather obfcure on each fide near the external margin. On the head are three tubercles, the middle one larger than the others. Thorax convex and _pointed. This Infect refembles much the Scarabeus Caan aia but is a little bigger. It is alfo figured by Faélonfey and Olivier, and is defcribed ey Fabricius in his new Work the Entomologiz Syftema. Fig. JI. The line fhews the natural fize. Fig. II. Magnified appearance. FIG,. reo) ALT ey gt PGs Ji SCARABAUS QUADRIMACULATUS. | CoLEOPTERA. SCARABAUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Head black, without tubercles, but has two little protuberances ever the mouth. Thorax black, fhining,'convex, and covered with imprefied points. Shells black, firiated, with two red fpots on each, one {mall at the bafe near the outer margin, the other larger near the apex. Underfide, feet, and antennz are black and polifhed: Weare of opinion that the three Infects in the annexed plate will be new tc: moft of our Englifha Collectors, notwithftanding they are to be found in this country. As it would be very difficult, if not impoffble, to give a juft re- prefentation of thefe minute Infects in the natural fize, we have pre- ferred giving the magnified appearance ; the outlines whichyaccom= pany each, and bear the fame numbers, denote the true fize of the original {pecimens. Fig. II. The line fhews the natural fize. Fig. II. Magnified appearance. This {pecies is deferibed by Linncus, Fabricius, and other authors, _ and has been figured by Olivier and ‘Fablonfky, being frequently met with in foreign cabinets. It is the fmalleft of this genus. ee defcribes this infect as having the antennz and feet red; ne it is not fo in our fpecimen. ty a PLATE z aah bag hale? ed Ail he [3 fgg al Pea A’ Bipdtiid dake PHA LAN As VILLICA. CrREAM-spot Tycer Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general contracted when at reft. Fly by night. *No Trunk. Wings deprefled, deflexed. Back fmooth. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Antennz, head, and thorax black, with a white fpot on each fide the latter. Firft wings black, with eight large cream-coloured {pots. Second wings and body orange, with black fpots. Sys Fink, 2. 581. 85. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 820. 41. Geoff. Inf. 2. 106. I. Harris. Aurel. Tab. 4. Raj. Inf. 156. 4. Alb. Inf. Tab. 21. Frifch, Inf. 10. Tab. 2. Reaum. Inf. 1. Tab. 31. Fig. 4. 6 Roes. Inf. 4. Tab. 28. Fig. 2. Tab. 29. Fig. 1. 4. Wilk. Pap. Tab. 3. a. 2» Chickweed is a favorite food with the Caterpillars of this Infect, but it will eat the leaves of the currant, white-thorn, nettle, grafs, .&c. if the former cannot be readily procured, 4 The 64 PLA Toe IDX ee The Caterpillars are black and foxy, or hairy; but in a lefs degree than the Caterpillars of Ph. Caja, Great Tyger Moth, which we have ficured in the early part of this work. About the latter end of April the Caterpillars have attained their full fize, and change into chryfalis; late in May they appear in the winged ftate. i | It is by no means fo frequent asthe Great Tyger Moth, though not very rare; but it is infinitely fuperior for the happy combination of its colours to it, or either of the Britith fpecies of that tribe which are trivially termed Tygers: it is already high in the efteem of col- leGtors; and were fpecimens of the kind lefs common, it would be in great requeft among the Englith Entomologifts. Frequents banks which face the rifing fun. el ay PLATE No oF 5 Ce At ee. eka Ci RAM) Baki) AD TreLed S, Lonc-HoRNED CERAMBYX. CoLropreEra. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz articulated, and tapering to the end. Shells long and narrow. Four joints on each foot. . Thorax, with lateral {pines or tubercles. SPEGLFIC,.CHARACT ER. Antennz confiderably longer than the body. Head, thorax, and fhells grey, with fhades of brown, fprinkled with yellow, and dark brown fpots. Thorax fpined. Syft. Ent. 164. 1.—Linn. “yf Nats 1 2. 628. 37.— Fa. Sv. 653. Cerambyx, &c. Linn. It. Oel. 8. Degeer. Inf. 5. 66.5. Lab. 4. Fig. 1. 2. _ Capricornus rufficus. Petiv. Gazoph. Tab. 8. Fig. 8. _ Mouff, Inf 151. Fig. 2. Frifch. Inf. 13. Tab. 12. Sulz. Hift. Inf. Tab. 4. Fig. 27. Aédt. Nidrof. 4. Tab. 16. Fig. 8. Schaef. Icon. Tab. 14. Fig. as Berg/tr. Nomencl. 1. 3. 5. Tab. 1. Fig. §. 6. Tab, 2., Fig. 1. Fab. Spec. Inf. 1. 209. 1. This fpecies is found in every part of Europe, a very fearce; - and in England it is Sey Taree And X 0 Pe ag omeeae And it is no lefs diftinguifhed for the very fingular ftru@ure and length of its antenna, than for its rarity; that part which forms one of the moft certain characteriftics of almoft every tribe of Infects, conftitutes the moft prominent character in this. Of its ufe, we are altogether ignorant, as the various opinions that have been given by former writers are now obliterated; fome have fuppofed that they were the organs of hearing, or {mell; and others have imagined that they were fufceptible of the leaft motion in the ambient fluid in which they move. | Geoffroy difcovered the organs of hearing in feveral amphibious animals, viz. in the toad, frog, viper, fome other ferpents, lizard, water-falamander, and fkate*; and many of the moft eminent ana- ‘tomifts of the prefent time have difcovered by their refearches into the animal kingdom, thofe organs in different creatures. Profef- for Camper, in 1792, publithed remarks on the organs of hearing in fifhes, in the Harlem TranfaGtions+: Mr. Hunter:has defcribed others in the Pnilofophical Tranfactions ; and Dr. Monro has de- fcribed and figured great variety of them in his large work on the ftructure and phyfiology of ifhes. Probably, induced by thofe. difcoveries profeffor Fabricius endea- voured to afcertain the organs of hearing in Infects alfo; and about nine Seca ago publithed an account of this interefting difcovery i in the New Copenhagen TranfaGtions §, with figures of thofe organs in the crab and lobfter: he found the exterual orifice of the organ in thefe animals to be placed between the long and the fhort antenna, the cochlea, &c. being lodged in the upper part, which Linnzeus calls the thorax, near the bafe of the ferrated projection at its apex; we muft therefore conclude that the antennz of Infeéts are appropriated for fome other purpofes than thofe it is at prefent fufpected they anfwer.. _ The Cerambyx Atdilis, Fabricius informs us, lives in the trunks of trees; its horns are moveable, as it can either direé&t them forward, or fupport them in an ere€t pofition; and when it fleeps, it reclines them along its cones it alfo reclines them whenit walks quick, or has to pats through a narrow track} as the leaft refiftance from any thing in» its way, would be very liable to injure, or break them off. Our fpecimen was taken in May. * Memoires Etrangers de l’ Acad. de Paris, 1755. + In the Year 1763, &c. t Vol, Ixxii. § Vol. ii. p, 375; LINNZ AN INDEX COT EO Pt’ & BoA. Plate Fig Scarabeus Teftudinarius - - - fo;+ 1 Conflagratus «4 eB pies ee ee Gide asians - Sere es eh tae Silpha QuadripunGata _ sitgotS 56 2 (| ——- Thoracica ae - ~ - 635 pi —- Obfcura = ss " a iD.t . Ae Caffida Cruentata* - | - - - CS) gues ale Bi Coccinella 22 pun@ata _ - - - 204 dis A. 14 punctata - - “ ho pee OR 6 puftulata ae - - ie! 3 7 punctata. Cow-lady, or Lady-bird Bu 50 Larva of Coccinella, 7 ponetat = poy OE iF Curculio Scrophularize u i * 60 Conibaby®. Wediis. =<. - “he, = 99, SNVOIAOGNS, eh me et 64%, _-E, -Hifpidus - _ em ms - EDA 202 | Pyrochroa. Coccinea. (Fab,) - a iat ei gah +3. Dyuleus Minutus 7-0 = - - 697 |-1._2.. ——- HerrugincuS jane =" - IDM Badin -- Sulcatus _ are ee. = es ab. 5 Meloe Variegatus* == - - - 67 ——-.Profcarabeyus - .. Hi - = 43 The Star * diflinguithes thofe which have not been. named before. HEMIE IN DE x, HEMIPTERA, Plate Cicada Sanguinolenta - - Mie 54. -- Spumaria, Cuckow-fpit « - = ib. ——-- Viridis - any a. ~ ib. Cimex Stagnorum, ater vee Aiea 38 : LEPIDOPTERA. Papilio Iris, Purple Emperor Butter- fly - = «3g ——_— Hyale, Saiiton, or clouded orange Butter-fly 43 Urtice, fmall Vortorfe-thell aac ihe: Te 55 Sphinx Tipuliformis= - - - - §3 vO Magnified appearance of S. Tipuliformis « = §2 Phalena Rofea. Red Arche$ Moth - - - 40 , - Prafinana ? “Scarce Silver-line Moth - - ib. - Jacobez. “Cinnabar Moth” Sn 45 ———- Pifi. Broom Moth - = ae AGES ————- Straminea * ss ey - Villica. Cream Spot “Tynct Moth } ~ b, pe - Rubi. Fox coloured Moth Se ila 69 ——+i- Féftuce,- Gold eae pe oy Fh i: 46 -Lambdella* - ei a - AOtana . = whe A sabia - iti 58 mae ———- Marginella - CT rage aOR, - Pavonana *- an Se - - ib. ——_——- Pavonana, magnified. epeence * 2 oo +. Pruniella, ditto * ~ as ee 2 eu rghe ——-—- Interrogationana * ~ eh ioe - 56 RELA one Semi-argentella * me) a. JC SSB. — Curtifella * sis nes a. - i ib. By Ne Dy Ba REUR/OP TR R Ai Lisette Deprefla. The larva of re a HYMENOPTERA: Ichneumon Ramivulus - “ s “ie Raptorius + = é ia OPT ER Tipula Crdcata « ai aetamaale mane 2 —-- Rivofa + ~ = 4 = Mufca Onopordinis? : - 2 4 Bombylius Major 2 ee “ “ APTERA Aranea Diadema: White Crofs Spider « F ney Polymorpha. — « a x nS Rotatoria = - im “ ric tssmeens = « sare: =- Bomba - - - - Kerona Patella - a a’ a 2 Proteus Diffluens 2 » 4 . 42 ibs 49 AL ib. ib. 47 41 4] Fig. Qo: gs a igs ar ‘ oY bua c bib hoch hain, Cyne ; ay a S$ | 4 bia Oa y OW, *® 4s 4 pyt ~ bbiged tr) sey ys RL Ath ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO V..0 to. 11, ts Plate Wig, AEdilis, Cerambyx a a = re . Apicella, Phalena Nabi: =. = eee Aurana, Phalena eM . - Ab.,.ist,2e ‘Bomba, Trichoda ne i - Ast: Da Coccinea, Pvrochroa ~ _ ~ + oe o _ Conflagratus Scarabeus - Benne FO. Ny Crocata, Tipula = - - 48 I. Cruentata, Cafflida - coe * 63) oi, An Curtifella, Phalena = - - 65 4. Diadema, Aranea, White Crofs Spider. (= 49, 5° Diffuens, Proteus wae uf = An Re Ferrugineus, Dytifcus _ < ~ =i, 4 O08 a zeche Feituce, Phalena, Gold Spot Moth: ~ 4 46 Hifpidus, Cerambyx ~ = at eee Hyale, Papilio, Clouded orange, or Saffron Butter-fly, 43. — Interrogationana, Phalena - - - 65 xis, Papilio, Purple Emperor - = OF. Jacobez, Phalzna,. Cinnabar Moth =» - 45 Lambdella, Phalena . - rane ve - Spe ule. Larva of the Coccinella, 7 ogi - - 40 1 of the Libellula Deprefla - - Ad. : Lynceus, Trichoda . oe daeyic Be Major, Bombylius, Humble-Bee Fly = - 66 Mafginella, Phalana _ = ~ - 58 ‘ Minutus, Dytifcus” —s = - > 68 ia. Bae Obfcura, Silpha hae - - 63 Qnopordinis, Mufca_ + ~ ra 62 Patella, VR DR, Unrtice, Papilio, {mall Tortoife-thell Butter” os 55 Fig: - 2s 36 Plate Patella, Kerona < i we S AL Pavonana, Phalena « e De 58, 59 Pifi, Phalena, Broom Moth = 2 SI Polymorpha, Vorticella - 4 AL Prafinana, Phalena, Scarce Silver-line Moth e 40 | Profcarabeus, Meloe s ‘s 5 43 Pruniella, Phalena ! o oe epee 58 Pundata; 22. Coccinella = - 6 +.) gg Punétata, 14; Coccinella - “ Agee aan Pun@tata; 7. Coccinella < “ RATE Puftulata, 6. Coccinella =" ry Aaah | Quadripunctata, Silpha -° < - 56 Quadrimaculatus, Scarabats 6 i. 70 Ramidulus, Ichneurtion 2 an « 42 Raptorius, Ichneumon PS te 42 Rivofa, Tipula as = - ~ 48 Rofea, Phalena. Red Arches Moth < Py 40 Rotatoria; Worticella ay Mati = e At Rubi, Phalena, Fox coloured Moth —« - 69 Sanguinolenta; Cicada - F “ J 54 Semi-argentella, Phalana ea A “ 3 65 _ Scrophulariz, Curculio . - “ “ - 60 Spumariay Cicada, Cuckow-fpit 2 “ LP cae Stagnorum, Cimex, Water-bug - ~ 38 Straminea, Phalena - = - - GE Sulcatus, Dytifcus = ey) . “ 68 Teftudinarius, Scarabzus - . = 79 ‘Tipuliformis; Sphinx, Currant Sphinx wi 525 53 Thoracica, Silpha = - - an Ge Variegatus, Meloe. Scarce Meloe - < 67 Villica, Phalena. Cream Spot Tyger Moth =< a0 Violaceus, Cerambyx = = < = 64 Viridis, Cicada 5 = Ly iy ERRATA ERRATA vo Vou. II. Page 11, for Plate XL. read XLI. Plate LX VIII, fhould have’ been numbered LXTX. Plate LXIX, fhould haye been numbered LXVIIT, CO MARE le ee a BF We ou ag y, eat eae honotaven oad onad Buc) i ye “ae