« “st Sree tere Son EX LIBRIS Wilham Healey Dall | Division of Mollusks Sectional Library K 0% |~ tA, ho tJ Division of Mollusks Sectional Library y—\— a DOwovAN eye aes " ei ® ie % ihe ee Lae, Ree Tie Awa! 2 ¥ AA aly, 4 Arie) Pe ipa ; PED) ii we THE Divketor NATURAL HISTOR Yetion neta oe OF BRITISH SHELLS, INCLUDING FIGURES anp DESCRIPTIONS SPECIES HITHERTO DISCOVERED IN GREAT BRITAIN, SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED IN THE LINNEAN MANNER, WITH SCIENTIFIC AND GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON EACH, RAF -—— POLY. PS DED] PC2 saver By FE. DONOVAN, F.LS. AUTHOR OF THE NATURAL HISTORIES OF BRITISH BIRDS, INSECTS, &¢, &c. sae f- NN ; Ciage t t} Lox DON: © PRINTED’ FOR THE AUTHOR AND FOR api F. AND C. RIVINGTON, No 62, ST, PAUL’S CHURCH-YARD; BY BYE AND LAW, ST. JOHN’S SQUARE) GLERKENWELL, — Oo o=— 1802, | JUL 19 1957, LIBRARY, - ~~ Sa4.0%42 ae Enyelt {09 THE NATURAL HISTORY BRITISH SHELLS. ee O-} © = PLAT E . Cir. MUREX CARINATUS. CARINATED MUREX. GENERIC CHARACTERe Spiral, rough. The aperture ending in a strait, and somewhat produced gutter or canaliculation. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Tail patulous: Shell oblong, of six spires, with two smooth spiral ridges; first spire ventricose. Aperture semi-circular. Murex CARINATUs: testa patulo-subcaudata oblonga: anfractibus sex levibus bicarinatis; primo ventricoso, apertura semicirculari. A 2 PLATE CEH. Murex carinatus, angulated. With five or six spires, the body ven- tricose; the spires rising into angulated ridges. The aperture semicircular. Length near four inches. From the Portland Cabinet. Penn. Br. Zool. T. 4. p. 123. sp. 96. The shell, figured in the annexed Plate is unique; it formerly be- longed to the late Duchess of Portland, by whose permission Mr. Pennant described it in the British Zoology. This author has given two figures of it, one in Plate 77, and the other in the Frontispiece of the fourth volume. The existence of this species being only proved by a solitary speci- men, various conjectures have arisen amongst Conchologists respecting it. Some have been inclined to admit it as an undoubted species, and others as a mere accidental variety of growth of the Linnzan Murex Antiquus. How far we may be authorized to abide by the former opinion must rest with the critical Naturalist. To argue that it cannot be a distinct species, because only one shell of the kind has been hitherto found, is absurd; since the ex- istence of many other species has been asserted upon the evidence of a single specimen only, and its relation to Murex antiquus is not so obvious as might be at first imagined. It certainly approaches it in the general outline, but the ridges of Murex Antiquus is most com- pletely raised into tubercules, whereas those of Carinatus are per- fectly smooth and even, nor is there that strict correspondence in the angulaticns of the contour in general that should induce us to consider it a vatiety of Murex Carinatus. aw PLATE CIX. In deciding a question of some moment to the English Concho- logist, it has been thought advisable to give an additional Plate of Murex Antiquus, by which the difference between the two shells may be more easily discriminated. We must’ however observe, that the latter is not absolutely known as a British shell ; it is a native of the North Seas, and has been supposed to inhabit some of the remote northern islands of the British dominions. The Murex Antiquus of Pennant is a very different shell, and by no means allied to that of Linnzus, whose name it bears. It is now uncertain from what part of our coast the Duchess of Portland received this shell ; Pennant is silent in this respect, but we cannot dispute that her Grace received it as a British shell, since it was inserted upon her authority in the British Zoology. P Calon Miah Fy ts shaded radia is ; ee pela yyy ale y, 7 ee gy om cool L Zea! 4 a reeves in =a = } ape he Piha seats ae Hein abil 9 are He oe aa A Pe ae. Ye ae ht acapetem: «. angen etmek ‘rhs agit Materxah wom tithid ae a0 a oagne cwicdy ci salle ot ice’: “polis aii Lay an gl = ha sf yes 5 NOE. 08 day tanay vaste) toed ig’ ohomelb Poahicy. mam 4 i 9, va - F ee £. ceeaah een ok alii Ti crore Ganesaat av! ‘ ae oA ee ee ie a a yo iy ee tS say fen a ae awk Lae: ine e i ; ue De ? a Pi . 7 J -_ ; a ef % Nexen tit MPLA Rye ee! A ag ee var + Pe en ve 1 7- CR mA ets BUN A clas, pares esi imaiaal Laps aan aeenranitaiermrn met 2) ‘ie ee en ee seg . ; —_ Guuts* ot ; Pateed Oy Ror 7 we : : ‘ ~ x - ’ ‘oom ; SEA one Se Oe ay ee ee ae ; ‘cee a im 1 a ee ee ie ee oh ns a ‘a iar, {88 oc eee) ae ae eet afte tes dig tale my arr 2 Bevityle ay BW a wate ve a’ OR Silite roi hs a en 5 x y ine § on ies ee Degg ores te 4 : Bo det a a 444 6 rat iat | | ag A aii he poets Ke at bin aetna biel ham ge bei WB wl ree i Aataaine : \ oy i , : ts 4 f i me 2 : . x 4 " i . ~ A ? » : 7 r he 3 hie eee ri | AP rit : ’ ery Bienes Pea i : 7 | . o ye at 2 7 s , Tra " iif . ; . ? ; cia mi J i Bea gh At i y , ‘ * : a ‘ ‘ é | : \- ‘ ry Day ae { ). : p> Lt eon ; iH Dee i ; bs hat t i SE th ee! AAG PLATE CX. SOLEN MARGINATUS. MARGINATED RAZOR SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bivalve, with equal valves, oblong, open at both ends. At the hinge a subulated tooth turned back, often double ; not inserted in the opposite shell. Animal an ascidia. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell straight, of equal depth, a single tooth in each valve. 4 SoLEN MaRGINATUs: testa lineari recta marginata, valvulis un- dentatis. Solen Vagina, Sheath, Penn. Br. Zool. p. 83. No. 21. Some Conchologists imagine that Da Costa has confounded this species with his Solen Siliqua, but it is more probable that he had never met with it, or the character of the teeth at the hinge could not have escaped his notice. In its general appearance it is not un- like Solen Siliqua, but has one end marginated, and only a single A 4 PLATE CX. tooth in each valve; on the contrary Solen Siliqua has two teeth in one valve, and one in the other; the single one being inserted be- tween the two others when the shell is shut. This is very scarce. Pennant says it inhabits Red Wharf, Anglesea, This is not Solen Vagina of Linnzeus, as Pennant describes it. ba he ae » , Oy Rageicnte hatin sy ' Rea ari hat Migbsune’ ia af ie Ahi on i tr, tp : eo Waren’ day ; _ ; My we, Use Pivots. Are a Pe a 4 ae neat Met a sen aaa cabo ne sheers Pesiti isi Nisa: Pes Wicinan tlhe ita E Lah tBu eh iis Ca ie i ad i Ds ‘4 ins rhe , x, bt a 7 Sty speeaa ers © 5 4 Te bat vk ee 7 ted aes be pat ee. ine asin heey bila ae Fie feel has eae oi Gu yt AWS Nig Y cae ha % Ae vio. brag ih alah a } = 1 4 4 fl " ia ‘ 2 ao : : 2 i t ‘ ff ‘ ‘ 7 - ’ e ; i U Le ihe Ms: j Pig A. BBS : 1 be , Pa ae ys hr) +’ be | i Se ak Ao Ane Woe ij ae ae * ‘ mw f aie f i a ; {. F sf + ra 4’ he , gh at. ag et vat’ ar Ley) a PLAT ®. CRI. TROCHUS TERRESTRIS. LAND TOP SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal a slug. Shell conic, aperture nearly triangular. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Rather conic, whitish, with a spiral brown streak along the middle of the wreaths. TrocHus TERRESTRIS: testa subconica albida anfractibus linea media fusca. Trochus Terrestris, Land. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 108. tab. 80. fig. 108. Trochus Terrestris tertius. Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 36. C. Pennant describes this new British species of Land Trochus upon the authority of Mr. Hudson, who discovered it upon the Mountains of Cumberland. Da Costa therefore places it as a distinct species, but expresses some doubt whether it may not be the same Land Trochus as Dr. Lister found in the moss at the roots of the large trees in Burwell woods, in Lincolnshire, and to which the shell found by Mr. Morton, in Morsley wood, Northamptonshire, bears great affinity. Dr. Lister’s shell had six or seven wreaths, and Mr. Mor- ton’s only five. Mort, Northampt. ch. 7. p. 415, te ATREa ay sauecgaaner augoa , a re “eis aot anks ; s) ¢ oi : sj “ob . MO D1kSuFO a = OS | tae HULA RAED aeRradts “A x : ; «hin Sven rn Laie g “diive .ttaiicint .aaad> cee t. riding’ adh +o te, ew ory | Nie ar watitiedns hulls, ot ur ate ‘arena ave > i saa . woe) aebeoete Fo Oh Aa, ae Wh, MS anh “WO bead so sit _ ae a eee, ree re oe BE my HENCKEAS oD. oe aire cw le pind fv Tbe kip eae yz! lye wrote anilt rare se Sees ad? woya tr Dates vidve weogbikt i to yiitonion a EG Hod sister siti: «din Cohn, aoa aaer tk sie dear Ff me “Sup Peal Sta T apc, hi od 200: vary ot Ypulse lech action esate A; rg ee eT ae oy cdeege SIR gh; Gravel ial E athiea! a Poe RA Mies these wilh ais! Ot Gita deipee® si aborted ae Ca Om ated Priding sg wilrio7 es a moe SHO bh “ane aehrentne rvs HA rote By ; ee 12 PLATE CXIL TURBO DUPLICATUS. TWO RIDGED SCREW SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER, Animal Limax. Univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Aperture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell slender, with two sharp prominent spiral ridges, Turso DuPpLicaTus: spire anfractibus carinis duabus acutis. Gmel. Linn. Syst. p. 3607. sp. 79. Buccinum crassum, duobus acutis, & inzqualiter altis striis in singulis duodecim minimum spiris donatum. An. Buc- cinum striatum oaamve Fab. Columne? List H. An. Angl. p. 160. tit. 7. tab. 3. fig. 7. Turbo duplicatus, doubled. Penn. Br. Zool. No. 112. tab. 81. fig. 112. Strombiformis major rubro lutescens aut pullus : anfractibus duabus carinis sive striis acutis insignitis. Bicarinatus. s. Torcular. Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 110. 44.— Tab. 6. fig. 3. PLATS CMA. This species is admitted as a British shell upon the authority of Dr. Lister, who says he had purchased them of the Scarborough fishermen. Dr. Lister had not seen any of them alive, and concludes it must be a pelagian shell, or one of those which live far from the shores. As Pennant had inserted this species in his British Zoology, upon this authority, Da Costa was unwilling to omit it in his Britesh Conchology, yet he observes, that it is not improbable Dr. Lister was imposed upon by the fishermen, for the shell is generally believed to be anative of the East-Indies ; some consider it asa West-Indian, and others as an European species. oe * me PL A TE. CXIII. MYTILUS ANATINUS. SMALL HORSE MUSCLE. GENERIC CHARACTER. The hinge toothless, and consists of a longitudinal furrow. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell oval, rather compressed, brittle, margin m2mbranaceous, beaks decorticated. Mytitus ANATINUS: testa ovali compressiuscula fragilissima mar- gine membranceo, natibus decorticatis. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3355. sp. 16. Musculus latus, testa admodum tenui, ex fusco viridescens, interdum rufescens, &c. List. 1. An. Angl. p. 146. tit. 29. tab. 2. fig. 29. Musculus tenuis minor latiusculus. App. 7. An. Angl. p. 0. tit. 80. tab. 1. fig. 2.—dApp. H. An. Angl. m Goed. p. 13. tit. 30. tab. 1. fig. 2. Mytuli majores a nostratibus. Horse muscles. Merret. Pin. p. 193. Mytilus anatinus Duck. Penn. Br. Sool. No. 79. tab. 68. fig. 79. Mytilus fluviatilis minor. Anatinus, Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 215. sp. 47. tab. 15. gee oe uf PLATE /C2i. This species bears much resemblance to Mytilus Cygneus, but differs in being only about half the size, is more compressed and oblong, of a clearer green colour, and the cartilage side extending in a straight line to an acute angle, likea fin, and thence continuing in an oblique line towards the bottom, where it is rounded.—Ex- tremely common in rivers and stagnant waters. Pennant’s shell is much broader in proportion than our specimens. “ala rey r ‘oe | ae hes, er aed F ane d Kn y A a j i ’ 5 ae J ‘ ; a i D4 4 ay ; ah 1 eae : > 7 this 2 ; 4 v4 TM ay . Pr. tu3 Py Nola . . a j oy. lh “pty hoa os yy ia Wy! ae ety De a , @ t ee Ma aga, pA ae abled oye ie Ae : ie " . } j i, ; ‘i an erin feat? a Ph “es =~. ‘T yr, t } ¢ is 7 1 + Gory Wee ‘\ eve ; & ‘4 ere. * ‘ 1 ‘ is - f y ‘ Al tr ae ie i 7 ue ve ‘ 7 o é ‘ SC =a : Mi BY Gaol s a te a i 7 . ys 5 + * . * » =- . \ vit c " AURONE ie ~ a | 1 ‘3 PLATE CXIV. SOLEN ANTIQUATUS. ANTIQUATED SOLEN, OR RAZOR SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. “ Bivalve, with equal valves, oblong ; open at both ends. At the hinge a subulated tooth turned back, often double; not inserted in the opposite shell. Animal an Ascidia. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Oval oblong, semipellucid, lower margin sinuous in the middle. Soren CHAMA-SOLEN : testa ovali-oblonga subpellucida, sinuosa, Da Costa. Br. Conch. p. 238. sp. 62. Chama angustior, ex altera parte sinuosa. Last. H. Conch. tab. 421. fig. 265. Solen Cultellus, Kidney. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 25. tab. 46. fig. 25- ———————————————— This is perhaps the rarest species of the Solen genus found upon the British coasts, and as Pennant observes, seems to connect the Solen with the Mya genera. It borders on the Chama of Da Costa, PLATE. CXIV. who therefore calls it Solen Chama-Solen. Pennant notes it from Weymouth, and Da Costa received it from the shores of Dorset- shire and Hampshire. Pennant has mistaken this for a very distinct shell, described by Linnzus, under the name of Solen Cultellus. MS PLATE CXV. VENUS CANCELLATA. MEMBRANACEOUS VENUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bivalve. Hinge furnished with three teeth ; two near each other, the third divergent from the beaks. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Somewhat heart shaped with remote transverse membranaceous ridges ; a cordiform depression on the slope under the beaks. Venus CANCELLATA: testz striis transversis membranaceis remotis, Ano cordato. Gmel. Linn. Syst. p. 3270. sp. 8. Pectunculus strigis transversis remotis, acutis, membranaceis, donatus Membranaceous. Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 193. sp. 29. tab. 13. fig. 4. right hand. Da Costa described this shell from a specimen in the collection of the late Dr. Fothergill. It is from the Western coast. The shell figured by Pennant, No. 48. A. Pl. 48, as a Worn shell of Venus Erycina, is probably of this species ; for it seems.en- tirely destitute of the longitudinal undulations that decussate the transverse ridges in Venus Erycina. VOL. IV. B nitroa cans shaban , Oy et ; hae 2 RATAGETS ) ew ' ' > , “a “ ieee as sabsreneidirera ming eiogist in bade sad at i, \ ’ as? nage ¥ ry *, y 1 4 ied j . M re ® We - a Soe — 5, fe & schantle orit at ‘emwip a eee to ih ato nN er: - \ ian Janen ets sa We ot “a eet: =i vias, a i 7.0 4 ae ; . ‘ ¥ a yeostntenate 9. Pa meade en - ak eens - ae pee a) oa peta AS oe . > P- f 4 AEN h ‘ ; } e a a | y ; x 4 ae ES ae ‘ 4 : era rere yet a ae naa Tih ch F ’ HG 8 eG aL ORE ep. aa OSTREA LINEATA. LINEATED SCALLOP. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal a Tethys. Shell bivalve, unequal. The hinge without a tooth, having a small oval cavity. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Valves nearly equal, thin: one white, the other marked with a single purple line down each rib. OsTREA LINEATA: testa subequivalvi tenui, valva una alba, alte- rus singulis costis linea purpurascenti. Pectunculus, mediocris, fere zequivalvis, tenuis, valva una alba, altera vero cum linea purpurascente in summitate una- quzeque coste. Lineatus. Da Costa Br. Conch. p. 147. sp. 4. Tab. 10. fig. 8. This elegant shell seems to be described only by Da Costa; he says he was informed it had been fished up about Weymouth, in Dor- setshire, but had only seen it from Cornwall. We have it from the coast of Devonshire also, from which it appears an inhabitant of the western coast in general, though it is very rarely met with. . 3 i ra Pe veepuye | A ee ; ga e ti cn varity ene ans -deupa y + i Hits awob anil alin oe ' ane N _ «rte onthe nite ite. ‘aie by uriogeader sizal : ee Reriaect Kap 6 “io ‘e cles opti 4eeeten dvi Ne nye C ana (A nS eS ie sion - bhal cans hier ‘ai * ee Artin ie Pe 1M di 1 5 bee r = ps a? i ee afk nto! Meret se Vl lovato? pie 39% | thee nas wd ative > Ave ae ; 7 alone ovite % 4) lay 8 59 he iv 4 - o me . 4 4 as POAT E CxVIE PHOLAS SPRIAT A. STRIATED PIDDOCK. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal ascidia. Shell bivalve, opening wide at each end, with several lesser valves at the hinge. ‘The hinges folded back and con- nected by a cartilage. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS, Shell ovate, with numerous striz. , PHOLAS STRIATA: testa ovata multifarium striata. Gmel. Linn. Syst. p. 3215. sp. 3. Act. Anst. Side! f. \, 9, 3, 4. Gualt. Test. t. 105. F. Extremely rare asa British species, and not noticed by either Pennant or Da Costa. In the collection of the Rey. T. Rackett. i VOL. Iv. e il ie | Me fopr! TaeParay TERIOR ae * ane Shih = c 5 ae Pa Fe) Pe hee el iin 44 ‘ote gevnsiys otter bet’ cit oad emcee sith mace at vegpathe at 1 oan ae ONES i Mele - ‘ . < a 7 ee ei. eth _ SPARED, 22h 1981 i hy © sedis loin. bie air na Ne. a oid a ott “itt Fa acdyaltig 3 r ke << e : “it Sa ae lid PIZAT E CXVIL. PHOLAS. DACTY LU S. PRICKLY PADDOCK. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal ascidia. Shell bivalve, opening wide at each end, with several lesser valves at the hinge. ‘The hinges folded back and con- nected by a cartilage. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell oblong, striated transversely, and reticulated on the upper part with little spines. ‘Puoxas Dactytus: testa oblonga hinc reticulato-striata. Goel. Linn. Syst. p. $214. Pholas rostratus major diepensis vulgd Gallice Piteau dictus. App. HH. Ani Angl. mt Goed. p. 37. tab. 2. fig. 3.— Pholas striatus, sinuatus ex altera parte. [7is¢. Conch. tab. 433. fig. 276.—Pholas alte striatus, ex altera parte sinuatus, eadem mucronatus, Hist. nost. Conch. Anglice Piddocks, Gallicz Pitau ; earumque piscatories pitau quieres. Exercit. Anat. 3. p. 88. fa).1. fig. 1, 2. Pholas an- gustius; oblong Pierce stone or Pholade. Petiv. PLATE CXVIIL Gaz. tab. 19. fig. 10.—Piddocks. Dale Harw. p- 389. Pholas Dactylus, Dactyle. Penn. Br. ool. p. 716. sp. $0. Pholas angustius striatus & veluti aculeatus. Muricatus. Da Costa Br. Conch. p..244. sp. 65. tab. 16. fig. 2. 2. This species burrows or pierces into rocks, where it forms large cylindrical cavities. It is not uncommon on many of our coasts, and is sometimes eaten ; it is in season in the Spring. 9 / Y I if } eT AT GRIX: MUREX ANTIQUUS. ANTIQUATED MUREX. GENERIC CHARACTER. Spiral, rough. The aperture ending in a strait, and somewhat produced gutter or canaliculation. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Tail patulous: Shell oblong, of eight spires: spiral ridges tuberculated. Murex AnTIquus: testa patulo-caudata oblonga: anfractibus octo teretibus. Faun. Suec. 2165.—Gmel. T. 1, fig. 6. p. 3546. In the description of Plate CLIX. our reafon for considering this and Murex Carinatus as two distinct species, are briefly stated ; and the difference, it is presumed, will be farther apparent on comparing the two shells figured in that, and the annexed Plate. Reversed shells of this species have been sometimes found. It is an inhabitant of the northern parts of Europe. VOL, IV. . D . f 2 : “ \ 7 - Fy \ as! sheik eal ott segeoldd eopbmss | ye ox 4 Rona votre wah, ita * ov ee ) rt $A : id ore “6 bs ea perin ae dee on: 3: - a on , ay ‘$a: as ni y eo ¥ wey - ie ; ei Mr Ce yl cM ay nag a. 4 ny ; lhl te Ma at mit ts , r bal im vee ip nea 8 ‘ — CR DA Tey CAR: FIG. I, BULLA APERTA. OPEN BULLA OR BUBBLE, GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell suboval, Aperture oblong, very patulous, and smooth or even. One end convoluted. SPECIFIC CHARACTER ~ AND SYNONYMS. Shell almoft entirely open, subrotund, pellucid, and faintly striated transversely. Butta APERTA: testa subrotunda pellucida transversim substriata tota hiante. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. T. 1. p. 6. sp. 3424. sp. 8. Bulla pellucida, fragilissima, tota hians, s. apertura amplissima. Da Costa. Brit. Conch. p. 30. sp. 16. ———EEEEE Da Costa says, all the shells of this species he knew, were fished up near Weymouth in Dorsetshire, and not any where else on the British coast ; they are even not frequent there; so that it seems a rare as well as curious shell.—To this we may add, that they are D2 PLAT EE. CAX. rare only because they are local: in one part of the sandy bay of Caermarthen, below Tenby, we found them in abundance. It is called ‘* the Bubble” by this writer; who observes that it exactly resembles a bubble or bladder of water. The aperture is so - extremely large that the whole shell lies open to view. ‘The contour is somewhat oval, and slightly involuted; and the shell is not umbilicated. This is certainly not Bulla patula of Pennant (Brit. Zool. No. 85. A.) as Da Costa and Gmelin imagine. ‘The figures in that work are sometimes calculated to mislead thd most attentive; but as we are in possession of the shell Pennant describes, we can venture to say the two former writers are mistaken. The species Aperta was unknown to Pennant, and the shell he figured from the Portland Cabinet, under the specific name of Patula, is extremely rare. FIG. IE BULLA CYLINDRICA. NARROW BULLA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell cylindric, smooth, white, and thin. Butta CYLINDRIcA: testa cylindrica levi alba tenuissima. Gmel. T.1. p. 6. p. 3493. Sp. 38. . PivA. TE CHA: This is a very scarce species on our coasts, and approaches so nearly to Bulla pallida of Da Costa (Voluta pallida. Zznn.) described and figured in Plate LXVI. of this Work, that it may easily be confounded with it, unless the two shells be compared. Bulla Cylindrica differs in being rather more compressed, and has the pillar- lip perfectly smooth ; while on the contrary the other has plaits or wrinkles upon this part as before observed: a circumstance that constitutes one character of the Voluta genus in the system of Linneus. In the description of the Voluta pallida we were ted to think with Da Costa, that the shell figured by Pennant in the British Zoology, No. 85. A. might be of the same species. Since that time. we have been favoured with the specimen figured in the annexed Plate; and as it seems to correspond more clearly with Pennant’s shell than the other, there can be no impropriety in removing the reference from the former to the prefent species. Gmelin takes not the slightest notice of this figure of Pennant; so that we must remain ignorant of his opinion respecting it. And it is certain the shell before us was altogether unknown to Da Costa. a <<. > a reve ‘a pa . Ci / wrecy Ay PS 2: ag p oe eae a i be . ee oats ve ‘ » ee TaD Sen i evel ‘ane i aia oso Shy i i a heed ‘ f : eae eran f ; i f racyete Bei _ te, F A R i cas shee Nerd " ‘, het a ig) “ et Aw i i i A ‘es NM : 7 a a e) 4iele Serpe: ?,4 a 5 ‘ ~~ ; i . 4 i 4 y a + iG yiow ‘ y Weds Oot. ya ,8 } 7a 4 ar. ~ =a | /2L eaPLCATE CAXL VENUS UNDATA. WAVED VENUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bivalve. Hinge furnished with three teeth; two near each other, the third divergent from the beaks. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell orbiculated, convex, thin, transversely marked with very fine stria, and waved at the margin. Venus UnparTa: testa orbiculata convexa tenui transversim subti- lissime striata margine undata. Venus Unpata, waved.—With thin, convex, orbiculated shells, of a white colour, tinged with yellow, and marked with thin concentric siri@ ; waved at the edges, Penn. Brit. Sool. 4. sp. 51. There can be no doubt that the shell figured and defcribed by Pennant in the fourth volume of his British Zoology, No, 51, is of D 4 ; PLATE (GRRL the fame fpecies as our shell. ‘That author says it is the size of a hazel nut, from which it appears the fpecimen he faw was a young Shell; the largest of our specimens being of the size represented in the annexed Plate. This is Venus lactea of some cabinets, a name sufficiently ex- pressive of its colour, but having been before called Undata by Pennant, we thought it best to retain the name he had given it. te a “4 ae adh ea i as Pe See b « apres mere a a con Jo PLATE CXXII. MYA OVATA. OVATE MYA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal an afcidia. Shell bivalve, gaping at one end. The hinge for the most part furnished with a thick, strong, and broad tooth, not inferted in the opposite valve. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell oblong-ovate; posterior part roundish, and very slightly gaping ; first tooth at the hinge crenulated. - Mya OvVATA: testa oblonge-ovata, postice rotundata vix hiante, car« dinis dente primario crenulato. naa This is the Shell alluded to in the description of Plate 101, under the name of Mya ovata. ‘The difference between it and Mya depressa, as before observed, seems to consist in the present being more ovate, and not depressed across the middle: nor is the gaping at the broadest end so considerable as in the other. These, we have already remarked, inhabit the same waters as Mya depressa, viz. in the New River, near London, and the Froome in PLATE CXXII Somerfetshire. It is a thick,-strong and heavy Shell, of a greenish colour, and radiated.—The smallest figure in the annexed plate is a brown coloured specimen of Mya depressa. : he : i ‘ 4 ‘ i 4 2 * , ' x + é y 4 a i ‘ 4 2 y fais 7 . oe Oe Sock ae a act Ets, ear : a | ' : r : ~~ v a ll i AS awe ; ‘ 7 i tty mt it id! ra ‘ay are fi rd ‘ 1k IY a 4 ma J : i - ich ee ee ota hh Leg a i ; } : ‘ - | Ces es aye. yt is PLATE. CxXIM TELLINA INAQUISTRIATA. UNEQUALLY-STRIATED TELLEN. GENERIC CHARACTER. The hinge usually furnished with three teeth. Shell generally sloping on one side. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell ovate, compressed and rather flattish, rosy, very finely striated transversely: the striz fewer and larger at the anterior end. TELLINA INZQUISTRIATA: testa ovata compresso-planiuscula rosea subtilissime transversim striata: striis anterius paucioribus majoribusque. a nn A very rare species of Tellina communicated to Da Costa after his Conchology was published, and therefore not noticed in that work. It has been found by the late Dr. Pulteney we believe on the coast of Dorsetshire. 4 j PAA gr 4 VILL soot Pte Ab 4 i‘ ~ a 4 — i U 9 it ards 1 a * : ; ; ta: oo th ad vi 7” . ij al ¥ é * ATE el ST? i a es y is e Z “ ic > +4 Pate Mayra =) a *.)% mae vil ‘ " . " : x } i ba : “i : 45 wha aren t VV ee wry aul ‘t ae - OU Fae RE de Oo Ne Pa A TOL ORS. he é (v5 Sa arts } { ™ ‘ J | a) ca 3 VA , 4 "x Poh hen A et ‘ 4 4é “i a ‘ rt t by ; ely hy pa * i ‘ = e x J , ' 5 f? 4 ’ ‘ k y ‘ ‘ 2 e ati » ae § / A ak yt 1 f ; ia oye j a i ahtads iN 4 SE ‘i AEP AAO RS Aa By : - . a rie . . > | ; Rca atl eaten okt ittsas op soiled Badia Ue f be i ? Tip j re 4 7 x & Fl r eet a i » 5 Re Sh ei EAs > br Vs a ey ae . : ' ~ : a r ee ae - arc ?. 2 a ae , - a _ . J - v RT: hits 2oUsSTaw 9T ty bya Dodd saan cade Sf = f yh At ee A a 24 as ’ | mr 4 ; a it . iy, - site S . p . P) Sd ? boa . 7, y | a Ray a ch See aio aI) ALATA AE & oe Ok sake rae iis «aga ia PLATE CXXIV. FIiGa ARDIUM EDULE. COMMON COCKLE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Two teeth near the beak; and another remote one, on each side of the shell. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell antiquated: about twenty-six grooves, with obsolete recurved scales. CaRDIUM EDULE: testa antiquata; sulcis viginti sex obsolete re- curvato imbricatis. Linnm—Gmel. T. 1. p. 6. p. 3252. sp. 20. PECTUNCULUS VULGARIS, albidus, subrotundus, circiter viginti-sex striis majusculis at planioribus donatus. Da Costa, Brit. Conch. p. 180. sp. 19. Cardium Edule, Edible Cockle. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 41. tab. 50. fig. 41. PLATE CXXIV. The Common Cockle is abundant on all sandy shores: they lurk in the sand, and their hiding-place is known by a little round depressed spot upon the surface. Cockles are in season from autumn till spring: they are a wholesome and palatable food; and thofe from Selfea, near Chichester, are esteemed the most delicious in England. These Shells vary a little both in shape and colour: the two {pe- cimens figured on the annexed Plate differ, one being more orbicular than the other. They are generally whitish, sometimes they have a blueish, and sometimes a yellowish tint. FRG. 3M. CARDIUM RUSTICUM? ’ SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell antiquated, with about twenty remote grooves: the interftices rugged. CARDIUM RUSTICUM: testa antiquata: sulcis viginti remotis; in- terstitiis rugesis. Gmelin, T.1. p. 6. p. 3252. sp. 23? i et Notwithstanding the endless variations to which the shells of thé common Cockle are liable, this appears too remote to be admitted as one of them. It passes for Cardium rusticum with some concholo- gilts, and though it may not strictly agree with that specific descrip- tion of Gmelin, it approaches nearer to it than to edule. That author PLATE CXXIV. notices the affinity 7usticum bears to the other species ; but observes that the grooves are deeper and the ribs fewer, and more convex in rusticum: he remarks also that the latter has a ridge on the anterior margin when the valves are closed, and a narrow depressure behind the beaks, ‘* ano evidente, sed angusto,” which is not in the other. The grooves in our Shell are not so deep as ‘ sulcis profundioribus”’ implies, but they are both deeper and wider than in the common sort; the ribs are rather more convex also, fewer in number, and rugged, as Gmelin describes it-—The colour exactly corresponds : he says it is sometimes ferruginous, with livid bands and sometimes white, with the anterior part fuscous: another variety of it is white, fasciated with a ferruginous yellowish or blueish colour. ‘ me | We ted ae ht +) NER vane jaa te bi aaa ees ae eisai ye premio “ap ROMP. Tt borne Rar age A Twit ae ined, se ail gl Al Ath o ~ Px: :* a ; i. shor enal ve i. : abe: i as ay gene oh Withee a Loe Bae pane i eae es He hed ae wh + ‘ REAR VE: Foal 6 aud aye North acai Nir oe ‘fete Sai 1 by Pini iy Bead. shel Pinot tity RP co ecraty * anager 2 di a roll Saegeal Gh toln. a eB is . as = ag , of r PEATE *CXXV: MACTRA GLAUCA, GLAUCOUS MACTRA, GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal a Tethys, Bivalve, sides unequal. Middle tooth compli- cated, with a little groove on each side; lateral teeth remote. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND s SYNONYMS, Shell ovate, sordid white with brown {or glaucous) rays: very finely ftriated transversely, and wrinkled on the anterior end. Mactra Guauca: testa ovata sordide alba glauco radiata sub- tilissime transversim striata anterius rugosa. Goel- P19, 6. py. 3260. jp. 20. Chemn. Conch. 6. t. 23. f. 232, 233. This is a mew species as a British shell; and the conchologist is indebted to Miss Pocock for the discovery of it on our coaft. The attention with which this lady has honoured the science has not been rewarded by this new species only: we have been favoured with several others, besides many rare kinds that have been found by VOL, IV, E PLATE CXXV. her on different parts of the sea-coast, and especially on that of Cornwall, as will appear hereafter. A few shells of the species before us were met with by her in the summer of 1801, on Hale sands under Lelant in that county, and it is said by the country people they are at times found on that coaft in some plenty. Though hitherto’ unknown as a British shell, it has been before discovered in the Mediterranean sea; for there can be no hesitation in admitting it to be the shell figured by Chemnitz, as above quoted. Gmelin refers to the two figures in that Work, No. 232, and 233, for his species glauca; and the description corresponds in general with them, though not exactly in the colour of the rays.—Gmelin has another species of Mactra, grandis, which we at first suspected to be the same as our shell. It agrees precisely in the colour of the rays, but from the figure in Chemnitz’s work, quoted by Gmelin for that species, these rays, it appears, are far more minute, than in our shell, and are also decussated by others in a concentric direction ; «—the outline of the Iatter is also different. 120 io a PLATE sC2AVe MACTRA SUBTRUNCTA. SUBTRUNCATED MACTRA, . GENERIC CHARACTER. Animala Tethys. Bivalve, sides unequal. Middle tooth complicated, with a little groove on each side: lateral teeth remote, SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell somewhat triangular, whitish, smooth, subtruncated on each side. MAcTRA SUBTRUNCATA: testa subtrigngularis, albescens, levis lateribus subtruncatis. Trigonella albescens lzvis, lateribus subtruncatis. Subtruncata. De Costa. Brit. Conch. p. 198. No. 34. Cee Se ee =—=_ A thick, strong, and heavy shell, of a somewhat triangular shape, and much flattened on each side, obliquely from the beaks: the valves rather convex, the beaks pointed strong, and turned inwards, ES PLATE CXXVI. The colour is pale or whitish, and it is externally marked with nue merous fine concentric striz. Received from Hampshire and Devonshire; but not common. Found in a fossil state in the sand pits at Woolwich. bl hee i? iy oe +! ak ala ane ——- = 5 =—=—=—=—_=eEE|=|=—{=]=_|=>=>=E——— aa Da Costa acquaints us that he received “« some few of these shells from Cornwall (in a great quantity of others, natives of that coast) by an intelligent gentleman of veracity and curiosity ; but’ adds that ES PLATE CXXVIL writer, ‘* must own I have never met with this species since on any other British coasis.’”? We have since seen it among parcels of shells from the Mediterranean, and also find that it has been discovered by the late Dr. Pultney, on the North shore, Poole ; and at Weymouth. The specific character of the Gmelinian Trochus Granatwn, seems to accord very nearly with our shell *, but it is about twice the size, and inhabits the Southern Ocean ; and it is certainly more pro- bable, as some conchologists have suggested, that it is the variefy of Trochus Zizyphinus, described by Linnaeus in the Mus. Regine, as being “ tota pallida, anfractibus basi gibbis, striatis, subtitissime punctis papilloris.”” It differs from Zizyphinus in having the anfrac- tus a little rounded, and the wreaths being encircled with granulated spiral ridges. “The name Da Costa has already given it, is very ap- plicable ; and as it has undoubtedly escaped the notice of Gmelin, there can be no impropriety in retaining it.—It is evidently one of the rarest British species of the Trochus genus. ™ Testa pyramidali alba coccineo varia basi subconvexa; spire anfractibus convexis; eingulis granorum moniformibus, primis duobus maximis. Gme/. 5584. sp. 108. PEATE CARXVIL, FIG. I. 1. MYTILUS EDULIS. COMMON MUSCLE. GENERIC CHARACTER. The hinge toothless, and consists of a longitudinal furrow. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell smoothish, violet: valves slightly carinated in front, retus¢ behind : beaks pointed. MyTIL@® EDULIs: testa leviuscula violacea: valvis anterius sub carinatis posterius retusis, natibus acuminatis. Ln. Seuc. 2156. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. T. J. p. 6. p. 3353. Sp. 11. Mytilus vulgaris. Musculus vulgaris sublevis ex czruleo niger, Common Muscle. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 216. fp. 48. Myrixus Eputis, Edible. Penn. Brit, Zool. T. 4. p. 110. /p. 73. . EA PLATE CXXVIIL Few species of the shell tribe are more generally diffused through- out the European and Indian seas than the Mytilus edulis; and few indeed exhibit such an infinite number of varieties, differing in size, in form, and colour; but which the critical Conchologist will yet perceive cannot with propriety be assigned to any other species. On the Plate annexed to this description, one shell of the shape more uniformly prevalent is figured in its natural state, and another, which, having been divested of the epidermis, displays a beautiful variety of ‘irregular purple stripes: an appearance very common in the uncoated shells, and in some sorts observable even when the epi- dermis is upon them. ‘The upper and lower figures are of two shells, which, we are inclined to think, differ too widely from the common kind to be considered as a variety: the outline appears at the first sight obviously dissimilar ; and the characters in general seem to mark most decidedly another species. They are both worn shells, but which we have compared with perfect specimens of My- tilus ungulatus, and apprehend there can be no doubt that they belong to that species. Within the tropics, the common Muscle is known to attain a much larger size than in northern climates. ‘They are found in im- mense beds, and adhere to other substances, or to one another, by means of a beard of a strong and silky texture, which the fish throws out. The Muscle affords a rich and palatable food; though they are not deemed wholesome by many people, who after eating them are sometimes afflicted with great swellings and convulsive motions, with eruptive blotches, shortness of breath, and even with delivium. These dreadful effects are usually attributed to some malignant poison in the little pea crab which is occasionally found in the Muscle, and PLATE CXXVIIL. may be accidentally eaten with it: others think it is in consequence of swallowing the silky byssus, or beard ; and again many deem the Muscle itself poisonous. It is, however, pretty generally agreed, that they affect some constitutions more than others, and that much depends on the state of the body at the time of eating them. The disorder may be cured, or at least its malignity mitigateds by ad- ministering to the affected person a spoonful of vinegar: some re- commend sweet oil, or salt and water. Da Costa observes that su- dorifics, vomits, oils, &c. are the usual remedies; and the Dutch give two spoon’s-full of oil, and one of lemon-juice ; or, in defect of that, a little more vinegar, well shaken. together, and ‘swallowed immediately, — The Muscle is the prey of many kinds of fishes, and other’ crea- tures that inhabit the sea. On the coast of Greenland, Fabricius tells us, they are so abundant, that the dogs and ravens commonly feed on them; as do also the white game, (Ptarmigan) Kider Duck, and many others. The seed-pearls found in the shell of the Muscle was formerly in some esteem, for medicinal purposes: these, it is well known, are the effects of a disease in the fish, analogous to the stone in the human body. Mr. Pennant informs us, that the finest Muscles on the Engtish coasts (where they are found in great abundance) are those called Hambleton Hookers, from a village in the county of Lancashire. They are taken out of the sea, and placed in the river Wier, within reach of the tide, where they grow very fat and delicious, PLATE CXXVHI: FIG." Te MYTILUS UNGULATUS. CLAWED MUSCLE. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell smooth, somewhat curved : posterior margin inflected: hinge : : Pe) terminal, bidentated. MyTILus UNGULATUs: testa levi subcurvata: margine posteriori inflexe, cardine terminali bidentato. Zinn.— Gmel. Syst. Nat. T. 1. p. 6. p. 3354, Sp, 12. I Several shells of this kind were picked up by Miss Pocock, on the coast of Cornwall. It was before known as an inhabitant of the Mediterranean, but not as a British species, Fic. IL. 11.—Upper and lower Figures. ee gt Grr Vict dong Aa eae ‘ ‘ fon ' + ‘his “ i * > 12.9 “PLATE CXXIX. PATELLA ALBIDA. WHITISH CHAMBERED PAP-SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal a Limax: shell univalve, sub-conic without spire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell fragile, entire, subrotund, whitish; vertex somewhat central, and slightly pointed ; lip within lateral. PATELLA ALBIDA: testa fragilis integerrima subrotunda albida vertice subcentrali submucronato, labio interio laterali. This rare and nondescript species of Patella was found on the coast of Cornwall, and communicated by the lady who favoured us with Mactra glauca, and Mytilus ungulatus. It differs from any of the described British shells of this genus, in having an inner lip or chamber, such as is observed in several of the exotic kinds, belonging to the first section of the genus in Gmelin’s arrangement ; “* Labiate s. labio interno instruct, testa integra.” It is an exquisitely delicate shell, and remarkably brittle: there is a specimen of this shell in the collection of William Pilkington, Esq; Whitehall, ME er * w ay = vay ae Os Me ta Ne eA age. 0 Rok Orsi Meee > Logetn ‘ A, ph ga btig o% isa ne ii one rabbis, af x: i b or } : ibe ‘ a ” « 4 ny Fie ia) fas y th ee Be hes esighe N | fol ae . I : a yd te? nh as 28 qs vb Se twit ry, tek Me eat f 1 Pee 2° 5 ir ee ania. pias sda NEN P. ny f ‘* eae roe 4 ae os He 14s ae. 4 iis nee ay ' aa i ‘, Ce i ihe ‘ ' ‘ 2 2 Aa tia : . My bd = ‘is a wee wis 7 st nt Re Panig uh neath ‘ abs nee’ A oat ggdtrahs yo fen et MSO: AAR a want 4 Se gtaior sh rds ahr Dl er re CaN ; ha ea im ea firtj v9 hb) ra sghth tio Se ; \d Br Rel Ord oltoars pit Ao Lajoren pt valine ie Byars sodas rT Py iv «| io M, manna hag nde eeaticae Writ ) se, T44 pores patchy vw 9 icin r * = Ey + m4 : : pte vey ho bas: a ie 4 ae a ah Y ” 2 i ly f ee ee eae Lowe Pr Lea TE oCAxX. VENUS BOREALIS. NORTHERN VENUS. GENERIC CHARACTER, Hinge furnished with three teeth; two near each other, the third divergent from the beaks. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, AND SYNONYMS. Shell lentiform, with very remote transverse, ‘erect, membranaceous’ striz. Venus BorEAtLis: testa lentiformi: striis transversis membranaceis erectis remotissimis. Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. LT. 1. p. 6. p. 3285. sp. 17. eo UN Se SES a OS This is a scarce, or very local shell on the British coasts, and seems to agree with the description of the Linnzan Venus borealis. The species was unknown to Da Costa, and is different from that which Mr. Penant describes under the same name. PLATE CXxXx. We first discovered it on the coast of South Wales ; and since that time have received it from Miss Pocock, by whom it was found on the coasts of Cornwall in some plenty. {oA PLATE -CXXxL ao HELIX HORTENSIS. GARDEN SNAIL. GENERIC CHARACTER. * Aperture of the mouth contracted and lunulated. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell imperforate, globose; spotted and fasciated with brown: lip white. Herix HorTENsIs: testa imperforata globosa: labroalbo. Afiill. Sool. Dan.—Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. T.1. p. 6. p. 3649. sp. 109. Cochlea vulgaris fusca, maculata & fasciata. VuLGARIs. Da Costa, Brit. Conch. p. 12. sp. 39. Helix Hortensis. Garden Snail. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 129. tab. 84. fig, 129. Hexix Lucorum. Linn. ee The Common Garden Snail is, we think, without doubt, the Helix hucorum of Linnzus, and most other writers. Gmelin calls it hore PEAT ECA. tensis, and defines the specific character of lucorum to be “ testa imperforata subrotuinda Izevi fasciata : apertura oblongo fusca.” It more generally inhabits the southern parts of Europe; is larger, and whiter than hortensis ; and the lip is brown. * This is a most variable species in its colours and markings, and it may still be doubted whether hortensis and lucorum be perfectly distinct. They have certainly been confounded by almost every Conchologist, On the manners of a creature which is so generally known, as the Common Garden Snail, it is surely needless to enlarge : its mode of courtship is, however, so curiously related, that it should not en- tirely escape remark ; and were it not attested by writers of the first authority, with the reader, we might be guilty of no small degree of scepticism, as to believing it. Each of these animals, it seems, .are furnished, at a certain season, with a number of little pointed darts, which are contained within a cavity on the right side of the neck, When the Snails approach within two or three inches of each other, a scene of hostility is observed ta com- mence: each discharging aé its antagonist these darts, with con- siderable force, at the other; this battle continues till the reservoir be exhausted of these offensive weapons, and then a perfect re- conciliation takes place between them. ‘The eggs are about the size of peas, and perfectly round. Snaiis are used with success in some consumptive cases, and an excellent cement, to fasten china, may be made of the saliva, or hu- mours, mixed with quick lime and white of eggs, according to PLAT Ee CXXME Lister, &c. It feeds on all kinds of vegetables and fruits, and is cons sequently very destructive in orchards and gardens. Snails couple about May or June.» VOL. Iv, FE oa a sity bite oy i ve ae ys 7 ; : oe mines ns i Nig aye Br a byte cord tants Rags ig athy AS REN ne oh . 4 . hie pecan PN re ee | eee f i i ‘ me ; i 4a | of te ra 14 Re as aa Kaye ee teat Ra wert mh tes ene TR ae ne OY ae ie ae a ’ a x yh Sie oe ye coe ies ons eee” Shee a . nated a RR ele 14 ‘ ai hp, Ba i he | Soe. pr : ae nt ge i y - , Fe ee S | ee sabe me (Ae rey } - PLATE CXXXIX. SABELLA ALVEOLATA. HONEY-COMB SABELLA, OR SAND SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER» Animal a Nereis, with a ringent mouth, and two thicket tentaculae behind the head. Shell tubular, and composed chiefly of sand, agglu- tinated to a membranaceous tube. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Composite, consisting of numerous parallel tubes, with somewhat funnel-shaped aperture. SABELLA ALVEOLATA: testa composita concamerationibus nume- rosis: aperturis sub-infundibuliformibus. SABELLA ALYEOLATA: testa composita concamerationibus nume- rosis poro communicantibus. Gmrel. Linn. Syst. Nat. T.1. p. 6. p. 3749. Sp. 3. SABELLA ALVEOLATA, Honey-comsB. Penn. Brit. Zool. Vol. 4, p. 147. sp. 162.— Ellis Coral. p. 90. ¢. 36. PLATE CXXXIX. We have constantly observed this kind of Sabella to be an inha- bitant only of low rocky shores, that lie within reach of the tide at high water ; and although it is composed entirely of broken shells and sea sand; and those apparently very slightly agglutinated by the ani, mals that form and inhabit it, in its native element it acquires a con- siderable comparative degree of tenacity from the saline particles with which it is impregnated, and is capable of resisting the reiterated dashing of the waves without material injury. In the more sheltered crevices of the rocks, where the animal has ample scope to expand its sandy dwelling secure from mutilation, the upper surface of a mass of these shells has a very elegant appearance ; the whole being beautifully foliated with the single or bipartite funnnel- shaped lip, which each animal forms at the opening of his cell. This appearance is represented in the plate subjoined, and is a circumstance the moredeserving attention, because ithas entirely escaped the notice of Mr. Pennant, and perhaps of every other Naturalist, except Mr. Ellis ; who in his History of Corals, figures it with a foliated surface, under the title of Tubularia arenosa anglica, from a specimen brought from Dieppe. The latter does not however agree precisely in figure with. any that have occurred to our notice. Mr. Pennant evidently represents a poor mutilated fragment, in which the openings of the cells are shewn like so many rounded perforations, in a somewhat uneven sur- face, and is just as it appears in masses on the sea-beach, that have been trodden under-foot ; or pieces that have been much worn, and thrown loase upon the shore, These shells are three or four inches in length, and where they are found are generally abundant, but they seem to be very local. Mr. Pennant says it is found on the Western coasts of Anglesea, near Cric- PLATE CXXXIX, ceth in Caernarvonshire, and near Yarmouth. We have seen it on other parts of the sea coast of North Wales, and in equal plenty on those of South Ww ales likewise. On the coast of Dorsetshire, according to Dr. Pultney, fragments are found very frequently, but none very perfect. In the History of that County the following ac- count is given of it.—‘* GREGARIOUS SABELLA. ‘This is composed of a mass of fine sand, and particles of broken and finely comminuted shells, aggregated by vermiform animals of the Nereis genus, each lodged in its separate tube close to, but not interfering with each other. All the tubes end in orifices on the upper or the same surface. I but once saw a mass of this kind, about the size of a large apple, on the beach, a mile east of Weymouth ; but I suspect it is not very un- eommon, as fragments are very frequent.” YOL. IV. H ee: esse , Sas vt ~~ t Buns ee er a . ai My ae ets oh tae ba ae he, |. ee pe 4 Ge Aas nave i Fee 7 Oe Ame ‘i Se a cia Se ‘ “2 Pi \ on 7 4 =, = 4 “ 4 opal HM Cae ne « '” eore, *e vee *y Teck Bie ~ te a Wad Cog a eae 140 PLATE CXL. MACTRA HIANS. GAPING, OR OBLONG MACTRA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal a Tethys. Shell bivalve: valves equal; sides unequal : middle tooth of the hinge complicated, with a small hollow : lateral teeth remote and inserted into each other. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell oblong, rather arcuated, coarse, gaping anteriorly, and the hinge placed very far back. MACcTRA HIANS: testa oblonga sub-arcuata rudi anticé hiante, car- dine subterminali. MactTrRa HIANS. Soland. Mus. Port. Da Costa and some other Conchologists have very erroneously been led to conclude, that this, and Mactra lutraria, are the same species, although they differ in almost every particular. The pre- sent shell is much wider in proportion to the length than JZ. lutraria ; and of a more incurvated shape: it is also a thicker and coarser shell; and has the hinge placed much further back than in the other species. Dr. Solander, who described it in the catalogue of the Portland Museum, gave it the specific name of hians, from its re- H 2 PLAT i Cx. markable gaping at the anterior end, and a name so applicable we thought it best to retain. The cicatrix of the animal, in this kind, is different from that of M. lutraria, a circumstance that has not escaped the observation of Dr. Pultney. This author tells us, the Mactra hians is thrown up in considerable quantities on all the smooth beaches he has seen on the coast of Dorsetshire, particularly on the North shore at Poole, opposite Branksea isle ; and that he has also seen it on the beaches at Studland, Swanage, and Weymouth. We have observed it, but not in abundance, on other sea-coasts. Ce te i ne a Fg | PL AbEACKLL 7 MYTILUS RUGOSUS. RUGGED MUSCLE. GENERIC CHARACTER. The hinge taothless, and consists of a longitudinal furrow. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell rhombic oval, rugged, obtuse at the ends and antiquated. MyTILus RuGosus : testa rhomboideo-ovali rugosa obtusa antiquata. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1156- No. 249. Pholas noster, sive concha intra lapidem quendam cretaceum degens. last. H. An, dAngl. p. 1122. tit. 21. tab. 4. fig. 21. Mytilus parvus rhomboidea-ovalis, subalbescens, rugosus. AMugosus, Rugged, Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 223. sp. 52. The Mytilus rugosus is rather a rare species on our coasts. Lister notes it from Hartlepool in Durham, and Da Costa says on the coast of Yorkshire, about Scarborough, Whitby, &c. It is found in incre- dible abundance, niched or burrowed, in the rocks of lime-stone, &c. H 3 PLATE (CXL In habit and manners of life this species greatly resembles the Pho- lades, each forming for itself a separate apartment within the hard clay, or solid stone: this it prérces when young, and afterwards con- tinues to enlarge the cell as it increases in bulk, without widening the aperture ; so that when full grown, the shell cannot easily be taken whole out of the cell, without breaking the stone in which it is contained. This shell may perhaps be arranged with equal propriety with the Mye as the Mytilz, notwithstanding that it is admitted among the latter by most collectors. “PLATE CXLIL MYA GLYCYMERIS. LARGE MYA, GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Ascidia. Shell bivalve, gaping in general at one extremity : hinge with a thick patulous tooth ; seldom more. than one, and that not inserted into the opposite valve. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell gaping at both ends: very thick, lamellous oblong-oval, with transverse rugose striz: first tooth of the hinge very thick. Mya GiycyMeris: testa utrinque hiante crassissima lamellata ob- longo ovata transverse striato rugosa, cardinis dente primario crassissimo. Gel. Syst. Nat. p. 3222. sp. 17. Mya GiycyMERISs: testa sub-ovata oblonga, ponderosa, ventricosa, utrinque hians, antice et postice quasi oblique truncata, dente cardinali crassissimo. Chem. LG. Di Bs Telline beante, Favart D’Herbigny. Dict. T. 3. p. 358. List. n. Conth. 6d, fs 255 0Tn. b.1. f.'8. H 4 PLATE ‘CXLIL A species of Mya admitted with some doubt as a British shell: it is a kind acknowledged however as such, by collectors of English Natural History in general; and is said to have been undoubtedly fished up in the deep waters between the Dogger-Bank and the eastern coast of England. ‘The Mya Glycymeris is the largest of ‘its genus, and is an inha- bitant of most parts of the European sea. In the Mediterranean, and on the northern coasts of Spain, it is not uncommon: on the coast of France it is also found sometimes. it3 ka P- LAUT E ..CXLIWY, PULA YP AT U'L"A: PATULOUS BULLA. ° GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Shell rather convoluted at one end, suboval: aper- ture oblong. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell ovate, smooth, and somewhat beaked at both ends; that at the base produced and sub-umbilicated : lip entire. BULLA PATULA: testa ovata levi sub-birostri : basi productiori sub- umbilicata, labro integro. BuLLA PATULA. Open. B. with one one end much produced and fuciform. The aperture very patulous. Penn. Brit. Zool. V. 4. p. 117. sp. 85. Pennant seems to be the only author who has noticed this species. Da Costa imagined, from the description given by that author, that it was of the same kind as that which he inserted in his British PLATE. .CXENL Conchology, under the name of Bulla, the Bubble (Aperta, Linn.) and refers to the figure in the work of Pennant accordingly ; but in this instance he was much mistaken, for the two shells are per- fectly distinct ; and it appears certain, that the shell described by Da Costa was as much unknown to Pennant, as that of Pennant was to Da Costa. The shell of the latter is figured in Plate 120 of this work, and the true Bulla patula of the other is figured in the Plate annexed. ' This we apprehend to be one of the rarest of the British shells hitherto discovered ; Pennant notes it from Weymouth, and refers for his specimen to the Portland Cabinet: our shell is from Wey- mouth likewise. 144 PLATE CXLIY. NERITA NITIDA. GLOSSY NERIT. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, gibbous, and rather flat beneath : aperture semi-orbicular, or semi-lunar: pillar lip transverse truncated and flattish. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell smooth, white, and glossy: spire rather. pointed: umbilicus half closed. Neritra NITIpA testa levi nivea nitida: spira sub-mucronata um- bilico semi-clauso. Among the reserved shells intended by Da Costa fora second edi- tion of his Conchology, we find two specimens of this species: of Nerita, with a AZS. memorandum, importing that he had received one of them from Mr. Church, and that the other was in his posses- sion before. On this vague authority, we did not think it incumbent to insert the shell in the present Work, especially since its habitat was PLATE CXIIV. not mentioned ; but the same kind was discovered, in the course of last summer, upon the coast of Scotland, near Caithness, by A. Macleay, Esq. and we can no longer hesitate to insert it as an un- doubted British species. In the annexed plate it is represented of the natural size. It is a remarkable little shell, and is not to the best of our knowledge, men- tioned in the work of any author. IN DEX VOLT. LINNEAN ARRANGEMENT. * MULTIVALVIA; PHOLAS dactylus, (Da Costa) 2 i —— candida striata Mya ovata - glycymeris Solen marginatus antiquatus Tellina inzquistriata Cardium edule rusticum ? Mactra glauca - ———— hians — subtruncata Venus cancellata —— undata -—— borealis - Chama cor Arca lactea = Ostrea Jacobea = = lineata = BIVALVIA. CONCHE. —— 2 122 142 110 114 123 124 124 125 140 126 115 125 130 134 135 137 116 ; Plate. Fig. Mytilus edulis - = - = a 128 1 ungulatus - - . - 128 2 ——— anatinus - rs = - - 113 ween TUZOSUS == + - - - 141 UNIVALVIA, Bulla aperta - = - - - 120 z =—-— cylindrica == - - * - 120 2 patula - - - - « 143 Volutatriplicata = - - - - 138 Murex carinatus - - - - - 109 antiguus - . - - * 119 Trochus papillosus = - 1 = Cs 127 terrestris - - - - - rir Turbo duplicatus - - - - - 112 Helix hortensis (Aspersa Gmel ?) - - - 131 ~——- arbustorum - - - - - 136 Nerita nitida - = *- a ~ 144 Patella albida - - = = e 129 Sabella alveolata - ° - 4 - 139 mewnene tubiformis < - : - - 139 INDEX TO VOL. IV. ACCORDING TO HISTORIA NATURALIS TESTACEORUM BRITANNIZ or DA COSTA. isl he Cees UNIVALVA NON TURBINATA. GENUS Il. PATELLA. LIMPET, FLITHER, OR PAP SHELL. Plate. Patria albida - - - - 129 PART I. UNIVALVIA INVOLUTA. GENUS 5. BULLA. DIPPER. Bulla aperta (Bulla Da Costa) = - - 120 e—— cylindrica (Penn.) - - - - 129 w=—- patula (Penn.) “ * - ay 143 Fig. LOR Do Bos: PART It: UNIVALVIA TURBINATA. GENUS 7. TROCHUS. THE TOP. TERRESTRES. LAND. Plate. Trochus terrestris - * “ ~ 111 * MARINZE. SEA. Trochus papillosus - - = - 127 GENUS 10. COCHLEA SNAILS. 1 * TERRESTRES. LAND. Cochlea vulgaris - - - - ° 132 unfaciata ° - : - 136 GENUS 12. STROMBIFORMIS. NEEDLE SNAIL. * MARINZAE, SEA. Strombiformis bicarinatus = a = = 112 ORDER 2. BIVALVES. GENUS 1. PECTEN ESCALLOP. Pecten Jacobeus -» - - - - 137 lineatus se iB a i] 4 » “ ba) Figs EON De EX: GENUS 5. ARCA, ARKS, OR BOATS. * MARINZE, SEA. Arca lactea (Da Costa) - - - ~ 135 GENUS.6. CARDIUM. HEART COCKLE. * MARINE. SEA. Cardium vulgare - - = = - 124. rusticum ? ~ =. - - 124 GENUS Il. MYTILUS MUSCLE. * FLUVIATILES, RIVER. Mytilus Anatinus - - - - 113 * MARINZE SEA. Mytilus vulgaris - - - - 2 128 ———~ ungulatus - - - * - 128 —— rugosus - - - - - 141 PART .itt, GENUS 13. CHAMA GAPERS. * MARINZE. SEA. Chama magna (hians. Solander) - - - 140 VOL. IV. I Fi Se Ie Na* Dy By 2 GENUS 14. SOLEN. SHEATH OR RAZOR SHELL. Plate. Fig. Solen marginatus - - - - . 110 —— Chama-Solen - - - . 114 SL A TS EOE PAR LIV: MULTIVALVES. GENUS 16. PHOLAS PIDDOCKSs. Pholas dactylus = - - - « « 118 a——= candida = - - « ° 132 - - - 117 oneness Striata ° = ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO VOL. IV. , Plate. Fig. ALBIDA Patella - : ‘ , - (129 alveolata, Sabella - - - ah = 139 anatinus, Mytilus - - - =; - 113 antiquatus, Solen - - = - = 114 antiquus, Murex - - - - > 119 aperta, Bulla - - = » - 120 I arbustorum, Helix - 4 = - - 136 borealis, Venus - = . - - 130 cancellata, Venus = - - - - 115 candida, Pholas - - - - - 132 carinatus, Murex = - - - - 109 cor, Chama = - - - - 134 cylindrica, Bulla = _? - - > I20 2 dactylus, Pholas - - - - - 118 duplicatus, Turbo - - - - - 112 edule, Cardium - - - a - 324 1 edulis, Mytilus - - - - - 128 1 glauca, Mactra = - . - - 125 glycymeris, Mya - - - = - 142 hians, Mactra - - - > - 140 hortensis, Helix = - - - - - 131 inequistriata, Tellina . - - - 123 Jacobza, Ostrea - - . . - 137 lactea, Arca - ° - - - 135 lineata, Ostrea - - - - ~ 116 marginatus, Solen - - - ” - 110 nitida, Nerita - - - - - 144 ovata, Mya - = - - - 122 papillosus, Trochus “ ° - - 127 patula, Bulla - = Fi a « 343 Plate. Fig. rugosus, Mytilus - - - - - 141 rusticum, Cardium - - - - 124 2 striata, Pholas - - - - - 117 subtruncata, Mactra - - - = 126 terrestris, Trochus - - - - IIK triplicata, Voluta - - - - 138 tubiformis, Sabella - - - - 133 undata, Venus - ~ - - - 121 ungulatus, Mytilus - - - i aes END OF VOL. IV. Printed by Bye and Law, St. John’s Square, Clerkenwell. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH SHELLS, INCLUDING FIGURES anp DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL THE SPECIES HITHERTO DISCOVERED IN GREAT BRITAIN, SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED IN THE LINNEAN MANNER, WITH SCIENTIFIC AND GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON EACH, I Y OL... f- = 8 0F BDF DI e By E. DONOVAN, F.L.S. AUTHOR OF THE NATURAL HISTORIES OF BRITISH BIRDS, INSECTS, &c. &c. ——=> 604 @ HE | 4900 ——— LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, AND FOR F. AND C. RIVINGTON, N° 62, ST. PAUL’S CHURCH-YARD ; RY BYE AND LAW; ST. JOHN’S SQUARE, GLERKENWELL. sO ED) ae~—- 1803, | * ‘ # ro met BES ke Ret: ANY A a eg wy de tn Faint tye ghar 145 THE NATURAL HISTORY BRITISH SHELLS. ——===

7 . } > : hy ot e it 4% ve oh i ts aa ry nf hi i Iara... | Bape! “a _= TF, . ‘i al r . Ps ’ 9 ‘ A: ») he : ‘Vie, ou) 4 eye Wa. i 4 Fi av, neces nal ca vi Pp pads ie eS Sl eae penn ee 3 } ‘ | 146 PLATE CXLVI, PATELLA INTORTA. INCLINING PATELLA, OR LIMPET. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Shell univalve subconic and without spire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell entire, ovate, furrowed: ribs slightly imbricated, vertex some- what reflexed and obtuse. PATELLA INTORTA:: testa integris ovata, sulcata: costis sub-imbri- catis, vertice sub-reflexo obtuso. PATELLA INTORTA, %nclining : with an elevated shell, slightly striated ; the vertex bending, but not hooked. Penn. Brit. Zool. a ng This shell is described by Pennant, who acquaints us it ‘* inhabits Anglesea, found on the shores.”’ It is a very rare shell, but has been taken also on the western coast, and communicated by J. Laskey, Esq. of Crediton, Devonshire. The figure of Patella intorta, in the British Zoology, is certainly very indifferent: but having examined the shell Mr. Pennant de- A 4 PLATE CXLVIL scribes, we have no hesitation in saying that it is not the Patella mammillaris of Gmelin, as some conchologists imagine. Specimens of the latter we are likewise in possession of, but they are not cer- tainly known to be natives of this country.—In Lo/ier Conch. t. 537. fig. 17; and in Martine. Conch..\. t. 1. f..58, 59. P. mam- millaris is very accurately figured; and aslight comparison of either of them, with the shell figured in the annexed plate, will prove very clearly that they cannot be of the same species, HEC | ; eh Ae : it Bre hi ah 4s dissed ‘gue vr ny Hea wy. 1 aes ? a os ~ea ia Babies ‘se Th & PLATE CXLVITI. rareELLEA LACUS TRIS. LAKE LIMPET. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Shell univalve, subconic, without spire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell very entire, oval, membranaceous: crown pointed and reflected. PATELLA LACUSTRIS: testa integerrima ovali membranacea: vertice mucronato reflexo. Fn. suec. 2200.—Gmiel. syst. Wat. 7. 1. p. 6. Patella fluviatilis, fusca, vertice mucronato, ineurvo, inflexoque. Gualt. Ind. Conch. tab. 4. fig. B. Patella fluviatilis, exigua, fubflava, vertice mucronato, inflexoque. List. Hist. Conch. tab. 141. fig. 39. Morton Northamp. p. 417. PATELLA LAcusTRIs, Penn. Brit. Zool. 4. No. 149. PATELLA integra, exigua, fusca, fragilis, vertice inflexo. Da Costa. Brit. Conch. 1. tab. 2. fig. 8. 8. This is a thin and brittle shell, of a pale brown, or whitish colour, that is found on aquatic plants, in most ponds and rivers in PLATE CXLVIL Europe : in England it is very common in some places. The animal, as Gmelin describes it, has two truncated and concealed tentacula, each of which is furnished with an eye at the inner angle. Dr. Lister informs us, that they couple in September, and fix their spawn plentifully on stones and other bodies in the water : this spawn consists of little gelatinous globules, in each of which it is said many small shells may be distinguished.—The shell is shewn of the natural size in the annexed plate. = es ee ee mieeit re \ : ey Wi MVE ey iy | pi tos aS a erey Peete |. WA id, ; ; sf 148 PLATE. CXLVEL LEPAS TINTINNABULUM. BELL ACORN SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Triton. Shell of many valves, afixed by a stem or broad base. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell conic, obtuse, rugged and fixed. ‘Lepas TINTINNABULUM : testa, conica, obtusa, rugosa fixa. Mus. Lud. Ulr. 466. n. 3. Balanus major angustus purpurascens, capitis apertura valde patente. List. H. Conch. tab. 433. fig. 285. Balanus major. The conic centre shell. Grew. Mus. p. 148. Balanus maximus ore patulo. Jus. Petiv. p. 82. No. 803. B. tintinnabuliformis et B. calyciformis orientalis. PAzl. Trans, 1758. p. 11. tab. 34. fig. 8, 9. B. ore hiante magnus. Borlase. Corn. p. 27. Gland de Mer clochette, D’ Avila Cab. p. 404. No. 922. Baranus TINTINNABULUM BELL. B. major purpurascens, co- nicus, angustus tintinnabuliformis, apertura valde patente. Da Costa Brit. Conch. p. 250. sp. 70. BALANUS TINTINNABULUM BELL. Penn, Brit. Sool. T. 4. No. 8. PLATE CXLVIII. This kind of Balanus is found affixed in large clusters to the bot- toms of ships in our seas, but the general opinion is that it originates in warmer climates, and should not be considered an indigenous British species. A supposed variety of it of a dirty whitish colour, is said to be found in the North seas, by Chemnitz. Balanus Tintinnabulum is admitted among the testaceous produc- tions of our seas by Borlase, Pennant and Da Costa, and this we must confess is the best apology we have to offer for inserting it in the present Work. 149 Pic T . CxXEIX, VENUS LACTE A, MILKY VENUS SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bivalve. Hinge furnished with three teeth; two near each other, the third divergent from the beaks. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell lentiform, somewhat compressed, with thick, elevated, obtuse concentric striz, and slightly truncated anteriorly. VENUS LACTEA: testa lentiformi sub-compressa : striis concentricis crassis elevatis obtusis, antrorsum subtruncata. This appears to be a new and undescribed British species of Venus, approaching, in some particulars, to others of the same genus found on our coast, although differing in having the concentric striz or ridges large, elevated, and obtusely rounded. ‘The striz, for ex- ample, in V. borealis, and V. cancellata rise in a thin membranaceous ridge to an acute edge; and the former of these seems at first sight to bear a strong analogy to our shell: Venus lactea is also a much thicker and heavier shell than any other resembling it, with which we are acquainted. V. Exoleta has thick, but minute striz. Our present species, we are informed, is. found on the western cgast. wh 2 Pa * bl, rs et Ry 4 ee F Ge FS ] te £7” Pe ae ig ae able i! i" Tot “a 7 * Heh a ~ é si Bia % . vA Tihs i) aa, A yee ays: 4 ie vel M : si ~ 3 > Met a 4 oe Wa : i aie " =. B hy ie ; Tn ig ' ‘i on ; yy * ie 5 “Fi oh rap - ; ~ : ‘ . . ? “alll ©) ma , = | a om . A , 4 oS , ‘ SAS ReS. ur AE ee ’ i, $A err ‘8 yyy te ‘ante masa oan TLE CARE eel aan a ma rhe mics) )ps gets madd tas grid yes said (nt es | J ers ae iS ee . * , Ng esd & eat 4 eer ee ae Le Rd, ye ne A a a a i a fi" se sé" Y e fssts' vu a 4 a th ae her bingy : Nay! : “ : } os ; = Bes Wy abet Beye Wits wt petit edd i M Ve ? . A Be a ¥ ar raat ay thie hs daean ba iw yeti ; sone Ce ve ne td 0 eb ‘ha fon ety cin ' ¥ ro Ay ate } are e159 ; ay : . in ‘. pag | ty iY re iL iv i ene . SA } aaa ie tA) A entre beste nt a. hey i 7 vi he ar alia 7 a. , oe, + : Pus nasi ists, 00 ay alte ae ae Ce ne ie Mio : i é, pit: an aa a) dy? fi Mine i" | ian ‘ i oat tan praiiet N a3 un oon / a - psig: 7! San gel rae oe me =, Pict al 150 PLATE: 0h. PATELLA OBLONGA. OBLONG FRESH WATER PATELLA, OR LIMPET. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax, Shell univalve, sub-conic, and without spire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell very entire, oblong, compressed, membranaceous: vertex pointed and reflected obliquely, or to one side. PATELLA OBLONGA: testa ingerrima oblonga compressa membra- nacea, vertice mucronato reflexo oblique. Light- foot. Phil, Trans. V. 16. p. 167. rr ee This species was first described in the transactions of the Royal Society of London, by the Rey. Mr. Lightfoot, chaplain to the late Duchess of Portland. He says it was found adhering to the leaves of the Jris Pseudacorus, in waters near Beaconsfield in Buckingham- shire, by Mr. Agneu, the Duchess of Portland’s Gardener. It has . been since found on plants in the river Stour, by the Rey. Thomas Rackett. PLATE Cl It is evidently distinct from the Patella lacustris of Linnzus, in being of an oblong instead of ovate form ; and in having the pointed vertex bending obliquely or to one side, instead of being centrical and reflected back. The colour is variable, in some it is greenish, and in others of a pale brown. It is represented on our plate both of the natural size and magnified. i$ ‘2 Sm tat 15! PL eT EB CL. FIG. I. HELIX HISPIDA. BRISTLY SNAIL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, diaphanous, fragile. Aper- ture contracted semilunar, or roundish. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell umbilicated, convex, hairy, diaphanous ; whorls five: aperture roundish-lunated. HELIX HISPIDA: testa umbilicata convexa hispida diaphana: an- fractibus quinis, apertura subrotundo-lunata. Linn. F'n. Suec. 2182.—Gmel. Syst, Nat. 3625. Helix sub-globosa umbilicata, cornea, diaphana, hispida. Huspzda, Helix. Da Costa. Brit. Conch. p. 58. This shell is not unfrequently found at the bottoms of trees among the moss, in woods and wet shady places. It is glossy, very thin, TOL, Vis i PLATS, Cu. prittle, and of a brown horny colour. When the animal is alive in the shell it is of a dark red colour approaching to black, and is very elegantly set all over with minute, short, white bristles, or hairs, which easily rub or fall off when the animal dies. In the plate the upper and underside are represented, together with a magnified figure, which is distinguished by a star, and is intended to shew the hispid appearance of the shell while the animal is alive. FIG. II. HELIX ERICETORUM. HEATH SNAIL. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell umbilicated, depressed and yellowish, with one or more fuscous bands. Hetix ERICETORUM: testa umbilicata depressa lutescente: fascia una vel pluribus fuscis. Aull. Hist. Verm. 2. p. 33. n. 236.—Gmel. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 3632. Cochlea cinerea albidave, faciata, ericetorum. Lust. H. An. Angl. p. 126. tit. 13. tub. 2. f. 13.—Cochlea com- pressa, umbilicata fasciata campestris. List. f. Conch. tab. 18. fig. 78. PLATE CEI, HeELIx ALBELLA, Penn. Brit. Zool. Vol, 4. tab, 85. fig. 122. HELIx cincrea albidave, fasciata, ericetorum Erica. Da Costa, Brit. _ Conch. p. 53. Sp. 30. This species of Helix, as its name implies, is found on heaths and sandy soils, and is very common both in this country and other parts of Europe. When full grown, this shell is three quarters of an inch in breadth, and one-third of its breadth in height: the spires flat: the outermost wreath very convex beneath, with a large and deep central umbilicus ; and circular mouth or aperture. The young shells are quite plain, and of a horny colour, or whitish and semitransparent. When full grown they are opake, dull, white or yellowish, and usually fasciated with one or more brown circular bands, according to the involutions of the wreaths. The order, size, and number of these brown bands, as Da Costa says, vary extremely, though commonly there is one band in the middle or near the bottom of each wreath, and often other fainter and narrower bands accom- pany it. Gmelin speaks of five distinct varieties, which differ in size, in colour, and number of the bands. Sometimes they are quite white, er marked with a single spiral band; and sometimes these bands amount to eight or nine on each shell. Dead shells of this kind are found in vast numbers intermixed with the sand on heaths, and are always observed in great plenty with the others, Pe Hiding ion ih or6i ry aoe vy aad mgs her | r bri i ay aah niche morte " | Bai ened ak lus eeta ae “sgeaa to ae ach tell eathie 9s't. a te Po bt-00 a a o : ina ea otal sub. «beer wevitin rey ling cw aden ‘ ps . , Bo gi mag hota ryt 7 ee ’ ; Sivas e vatveut «to Bae sini stiup ote alld, gawoy: oat a % a \ abhalve Jind asewp ce edbrebig bE Aga javcagraa nian é | stale morand, iii to. wed bey batstsaet qinaeis Nena htsoltay ; ; oa ‘panini eooRw Ds Tada tudbergi cit bn snibnoane « . Mathes eA yh teen: age i wh wi veatad sword exerts 20 mine bi “ied sith wc Ab beth vs at bis Su a grads ‘¢lciattinyo9 one : sie rah abe bd app cifwen, Cee ‘ypu “oslin neato [ine ill dean tet RR a wtb, cos ivubvty What seep Yt hone nilstred OF aay Py iat te aan oii. Se tomitidtne ¢ joel “arte i ete aps or | Abe oon) SO oRRQe ban? Faget eu algnie. ss. Miser Yodrenr hg ie Dai nay ak Site Heine Or 9 SNRs SHOR. Rl reves ee MAREN Ni oi ec he Ah Rees yaa é | | site EMA JOH ‘ ie yoni ae fi tere elie uN ; are pena ts, of Hp ae ee rhc oe a re ae if Pi GR i D5. 2 —~ anil Pe PibyAcT: ECL il, PINNA LAVIS. SMOOTH PINNA, OR HAM SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER, Animal Limax. Shell sub-bivalve, fragile, erect, gaping at one end, and furnished with a byssus or beard: hinge toothless, and uniting the valves into one. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell nearly triangular, horn-colour, smooth: valves rugose on the posterior part. PINNA L&vIs: testa sub-triangulari cornea lzvi: valvis posterius rugosis. This species of Pinna which differs from any that has been before described as a British shell ; and if we are not mistaken, from either of the Linnzan or Gmelinian species of the genus also ; was received by A. M‘Leay, Esq. among other curious shells that were dredged up on the coast of Shetland. The difference between this and the other analogous kinds, seems to consist in its being of a more triangular form, and in not having -VOL. V: Cc PLATE CHL the least trace of spines or murication: from the beak descend some very obsolete longitudinal strize, but the surface is in general perfectly smooth and glossy, notwithstanding the specimen before us has at first sight a rugged aspect; the shell having been greatly bruised or mutilated in its growth, and afterwards uncouthly repaired by the ani- mal inhabitant. ‘PLATE Cit. SOLEN PELLUCIDUS. PELLUCID RAZOR SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bivalve, with equal valves, oblong, open at both ends ; at the hinge a subulated tooth turned back, often double; not inserted in the op- posite shell. Animal an ascidia. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell suboval, somewhat arcuated, fragile, pellucid: hinge with an acute bidentated tooth on one side. SoLEN PELLuciIDUus: testa subovali subarcuata fragile pellucida car- dine altero acute bidentato. SoLEN PELLucipus, Penn. Brit. Zool. T. 4. p. 1. p. 84. sp. 23. Ee BE EE EE ES OPE ES CAE RE TE, aE A very rare species, and described only by Mr. Pennant, who says it inhabits Red Wharf, Anglesea. ay ne ear at aa es ns he ao re ae aia, at tal ; * “Nag ‘si? ‘ hy ne & c os . na FA, ag oe A Dat See ; beats Te a ee V ; A , ayeatcath eee, in. Porn. a A: Hh e an 12. mi TA a ae Tha Ae V : ; E al i fet" 7 < ‘ % oh } pitas = Rare gy } a ? ae aN ey F, } Bie A oe ‘aparguatas MIAGC) Roary? ; m i : ' iis al * = yy a Pa, v ; ee ¥ ‘ it ; a i ye i i" \ ‘ sf ; ~~ v A ; om ; ir ig a PIT eR Ar Adee Porte “ara Syne ee" { ny \ \ t ' ie ~ aa 7 ‘ Pit tt ey be ip HANIA Shas disaexo eh ae a a Maidan ebfsa tied Senses, He sald Pr) ‘fi teks sive er ' tet 2 ey | silt el Lean tore iF seer vidioh vat oud boars ihewt: f i es . Pe hoe SS en ON cama hina Fare Halt stg Rae J im vi , * of ak Paar " Wane hy ae eam sah leer ste sweie: Maske ‘enigen 7 Avi ye EO Sak een Eee 2 PRE Maida th eatin v op aes ay ae : . : iy = q ty, ve x, r ele i F ed et by 1k ~ a. ms : A, heii rae ‘ i BS, APT) ae ny ie My a 4 Bei a Aa | yy perenne 7k’ ena ah a i oe r bar bss PRES aye eave dink soy went eae tr Bate rf} JY LU i Y Dry) : } mn 3 hs J Obitelsbid: atueid opnita aac ‘ ‘ Pa ee | oe vines ata. wb vi bevbe o ais ort ah’ et ET Ba} y ¢ ioe oe me Sys a , wr io, oe bch nk neh arpa = aaah 7 fe . 7 ; r Oe ae Ae i b i F ray Lisi ve ie One Ka pong ; + ry : : 4 & ¥ on Bat ; nr s © 1 b, t 1 a, ' Sha } eae Sa | me ee ' ‘ (8) s!': . } oot ee a= ‘ we du 7 » A 7 i a Ja : y s ¢ q i ' ri i ) n im | La ' t J an) * ‘ UM? ae, Tea ‘ Wilt ! ra a ia bt Aoet anid teas ages free 7 A Na it n Pe fy hy, aM f ) Aa, yea Raita as Mas 4 * A 4 nants Rebtckanin la aa is vs 7 ’ ‘ ot pret ae . a’ :o ’ wily, 5 ‘A ’ ae & a har hoe a0 hi ‘ + J puis Pi PES Aud ay (A) i” Vt $ rin 4 Lal a a es eae AF MOU ' i re im & 7a ne f ‘ ide ey ' eae het al usy ee ae t : i 159 PLATE CLIX. TURBO RETICULATUS. RETICULATED TURBO. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Aperture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell tapering, reticulated with granules, testaceous, whorl reversed * aperture straitened. TuRBO RETICULATUS; testa turrita reticulata granulata testacea, anfractibus coarctata. This is a remarkably neat, or rather elegant shell, and equally distinguished for its rarity. It was found in the sands on the coast of Cornwall, by Miss Pocock, to whose polite attention we are ex- clusively indebted for the specimen now figured. That this small species of Turbo is undescribed either as a British or a foreign shell, we have little reason to dispute, unless the follow- ing, described by Mr. Walker, should prove to be the same: “ Turbo, Turritus perversus novem anfractibus punctatis apertura coarctata ; the reversed taper Turbo of nine dotted whorls and straitened aperture. YOL. V. E PLATE ‘CLIX. A shell found at Sandwich.”—The description does not strictly cor- respond with our shell, the figure is yet more remote. Some degree of ambiguity arises from this particular circumstance ; in our shell the wreaths are uniformly lineated spirally, with three prominent rows of tubercles, or more correctly speaking, granulations, except on the first wreath, where they are more numerous, and the interme- diate series on every wreath, consists of smaller granulations than those on either side of it. The term punctatis, on the contrary, which Mr. Walker has adopted, must rather imply a dot depressed : in the engraving also, by which his description is elucidated, the dots appear to be disposed in three distinct series upon each wreath, as the granulations are in the shell before us, but each dot is apparently depressed, and situated in the center of a quadrangular compartment : at the same time also it must be remarked, that the intermediate series of these dots on every wreath, are of an equal magnitude with the others. ‘The aperture, whatever might be the shell designed, is mise- rably expressed, as are indeed the figures both of the natural size, and magnihed. We suspect upon the whole, they are intended for our shell, and were it not for the objections stated, should insert a re- ference to his figure, plate 3. No. 48. as a synonym. 160 PLATE UL. LEPAS BOREALIS. NORTHERN ACORN SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER, Animal Triton. Shell affixed at the base; multivalve; the valves unequal, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell erect, subconic, aperture quadrangular, operculum or lid acute, and striated transversely. Lepas BorEALIs; testa erecta subconica, apertura quadrangulari operculis acutis transversim striatis. A few small clusters, with some single specimens of this curious species of Lepas, were discovered about three years since, attached to the bottom of the Warspight ship of war, when taken into dock to be repaired, after lying in the harbour of Portsmouth for a great length of time. Mr. James Hay, of Portsmouth, has since found two or three shells of the same kind, by dredging in Portsmouth harbour ; so that though probably not indigenous, it has now become a na- turalised species. This was first communicated by J. Laskey, Esq. We have since received it from Newfoundland, affixed to the valve of EZ PLATE CLX. a northern ostrea; and learning that it is undoubtedly a native of the north seas, we venture to assign it the specific name of borealis, ——The clusters of these shells, when pressed together, (which rarely happens) take an elongated form, as is expressed in the upper figure.— We are certainly to consider this as a rare species. mg, ¥ « , ' Tite, i ork | ' - , g 2 x 5 r u ¥ 7 . ‘ +4 e * > . . ; _* " C7 z ‘ i ‘ ’ * . F P. 7 ’ * whe > ? ‘ ‘ é r f° , _ 4 ; . mm? AD, , Se Pd ' Hat he gid ¥ >, eh ft 2 ode : x. if } ‘ _ co 7 a xy Ad ian ach AR TS yl “er ale” a % hal } ie ‘ Eri tren é a . - x , ; Pin ’ ‘ wr: ce ne fab! j 7 TP eh Sh Pe AME eel Ay vdeo ’ ; ' : ‘ * ' iy "i, Seweret, eaves A WS oe A Veron a h,. ee sy tn Fist. “// = ry ‘ bs ; , ; i By . wa A 2, ora ti \ i i ied . e ’ 7 Pe Sone wae - ‘t fee 9 ‘ a 1 Le PS ae G Wea el > i Viet Soe A ¥ x ‘ ‘ id iW! Lateaeth abe win ' ’ ‘ i + ' : : » { T 3 : é vi j _ ee hy ek, : : . Lia My gt AY, ena ¢ aa a > coe peer a ae aes - ‘ ‘ P \ eae) r lel PLATE CLXI. MACTRA RADIATA. RADIATED MACTRA. GENERIC CHARACTERe Animal a Tethys. Shell bivalve, sides unequal. Middle tooth com- plicated, with a little groove on each side; lateral tooth remote. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell thin, fragile, somewhat triangular, compressed, whitish, and finely striated with testaceous Tays. MACTRA RADIATA: testa tenui fragili subtriangulari compressa albida subtilissime striata testaceo radiata. SE ARE + FS PET SE SESE SLE Te Several valves of this shell were found upon Langston beach, near Portsmouth, after a severe storm that happened in the year 1800, by J. Laskey, Esq. of Crediton; from whom we received the spe- cimens figured in the annexed plate. This is a thin, brittle shell, of a large size; colour sordid white, tinged with reddish, and faintly marked with rays of a testaceous colour, beneath a brown filmy epidermis. E 3 kaw si Joona ‘albgitin ti intwains si a an ek te i ata 1 geeerganey “tli 7 ge ise msi 9 pe anes hee parol wit tox wy noth ii bic wat oft we hone uid am 3 162 PLA Ti” CLA: DENTALIUM OCTANGULATUM. EIGHT-RIDGED TOOTH-SHELL, GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal a Terebella. Shell univalve, tubular, straight or slightly curved, with an undivided cavity open at both ends. SPECIFIC CHARACTER . AND SYNONYMS. Shell white, somewhat curved, with eight ribs or angles, and three intermediate striz. DENTALIUM OCTANGULATUM: testa alba subarcuata octangulata : interstitius tri-striatis. DENTALIUM"STRIATULUM: Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3738. sp. 13 ? For the discovery of this elegantly striated tooth-shell, as a native of the British coasts, we have once again to acknowledge our obli- gation to a lady, mentioned on other similar occasions in the progress of this work, Miss Pocock; several shells of this kind were found by her on the sandy coasts of Cornwall, near Lelant, in the year 1802. F 4 PLATE CLXII. It remains to express some little doubt, whether every circumstance will allow us to consider this as an hitherto undescribed species; as a British shell we can have no hesitation in saying it has not been mentioned by any author. We were rather inclined at first to think our shell could be no other than a variety of the Dentalium striatulum of Gmelin, which is described as a native of the Mediterranean and Sicilian seas. ‘The synonyms given by Gmelin to that species, we found however to be less expressive of our shell than his de- scription; Lister’s shell, to which he refers, ¢. 547. f. 1. b. is much larger than our shell, as is likewise that of Martini, quoted with it; both are described to be of a fine green colour, with the tip only white, but it has uniformly eight distinct ribs or angles, as in our shell, which is a much more important characteristic of a species, than the mere difference of colour.—There is another shell, figured by Martini, pl.1. f. 4. B. that seems to approach much nearer to our shell, and the colour is white, but as in D. elephantium, this has ten ribs instead of eight; it is the Dentalium aprinum of Gmelin.— As our shell, upon the whole, does not strictly accord with those species noticed, nor any others which we are acquainted with, a new name and character will tend at Jeast to obviate confusion. Of Den- talium striatulum it may prove to bea variety, but that is doubtful ; and there is scarcely any reason to dispute its being undescribed, unless it be of that species. ok P = ie “Mbhres ay. rhe ee ee sie _—, Ss. seed >» . Z wr,“ s - ~ ~s = 7 re i > ~ ao wl] fake F ie ? ry * x - DL edie Fon) Te cere eae “ " Dar i ae he a) | | an | LR: «ico aek : ark ae ey Ss Ae iting eee Pi i am 7 \ > 4 A c v ade é ‘ rs « . a, »® yi j PLATE “CLXif: TELLINA DEPRESSA. DEPRESSED TELLEN. GENERIC CHARACTER. The hinge usually furnished with three teeth. Shell generally sloping on one side. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell inzquilateral, depressed, and very minutely striated. TELtina Depress: testa inequilatera depressa minutissime striata. Gmel. Linn. Syst. p. 3238. sp. 55. Gualt. test. t. 88. fs L. Tellina Squalida. Soland Mus. Port.—Pult. Cat. Dors. p. 29. Fr eam EY In the summer of the year 1800, we first discovered this shell, laying in plenty upon the sands on the south east side of ‘Tenby, Pem- brokeshire ; where they had been apparently thrown up by a violent sea that had raged with considerable fury two or three hours before. This shell we conceived to be an undescribed British shell, but have since found that it had been observed on the north shore of Poole, at Weymouth, sparingly, by Dr. Pultney, and described by him in PLATE. CLEAUL Hutchin’s History of Dorsetshire, under the specific name of Squalida. _ This conchologist admit it to be Tellina squalida of Solander, A/us. Port. and Tellina depressa of Gmelin. The only synonym given by Gmelin for his 7. depressa, (whose habitat he is even unacquainted with,) is a reference to Gualtieri, f.H. 1. L. The two first are small, and perhaps not of the same species, those represented at letter L and M, we believe to be the true shell of which we offer a figure as the Tellina depressa of Gmelin; Gualtieri thus describes his shell: ‘ Tellina inzquilatera satis depressa, minutissime striata, vel candida, vel purpurascens, vel subrosea.”’ The figures in the annexed plate represent the natural size of our largest specimens: the colours are variable, more or less, of a fine pale orange, yellow, and tinged with rosy. It is certainly rare. Mg A524 na) hod thchh dd Vi, 0 av i, : a a NS) et Mirae is pparem : A 4 \ j * _ ic > ] A wy ¥ iM 7 . iA < r a my) ® ‘ “ : : i 3 il a1 AMAEC) . /- re Ww Poe rena ‘ ar 5 i 3 hagia!! aah ~o 4 Nee Re Lt i “s = . ts airy oO eas “he ’ F 4 PO ee OR ee eee ee ce Ly rene en eae et i iiaatia i aa hier rr ae PT Oe. eae Meh ye N oe thee Walt dea ae Oe (APR ee ne ae ; ' ' bye re AS SEL tants Tes ‘ oy ye Lie ye BE Sek y hia Pe an a at rh a Z ae r A athe wpe i P iAc DE Feo LXV, LEPAS DILATA. DILATED LEPAS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Triton. Shell affixed at the base: multivalve; the valves unequal. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell compressed, five valved, thin, dorsal valve dilated at the base with an acute angle; and seated on a peduncle. LEPAS DILATA: testa compressa quinquevalvi tenul, vaivula dorsali basi dilata angulo acuto, pedunculo insidenie. LEPAS FASCICULARIS: testa quinquevalvi lzvi corpus tegente, val- vula dorsali basi dilata angulo acuto prominente, stipite nudo. Hillis. Zooph. pl. 15. f. 6. p. 167. LEPAS SIGILLATUM, Mus. Portl ? The first, and only account we have of this kind of Lepas, is that given by the late Mr. Ellis in his Natural History of Zoophytes. In addition to the character he assigns to this shell, quoted as a synonym, this writer acquaints us only that it is “ from St. George’s Channel.’”? We have never met with it either on the coast of that PLATE CLXIV. channel, or any other, nor have we received it from any of our friends, at the same time that~we have no reason to distrust the information of that author, and only infer from the attention we have by chance bestowed particularly to the marine productions of that sea, that it must be rare. A specimen of this shell, one which we are inclined to think, on pretty good authority, to be the same, or one of them at least, that was sent by the late Mr. Ellis to the Dutchess of Portland, is at this time in our Cabinet; the late Dr. Fordyce became first possessed of this specimen, and at his death we obtained it, under the title of Lepas sigillatum of Solander. Unlike Lepas anatifera, or anserifera, the valves of this shell are uncommonly thin, brittle, in a certain degree corneous, with the largest lateral valves rather crumpled in the usual course of the striz, and marked transversely with obsolete rays: the shell is likewise covered with a fine pale brown skin, or epidermis: is larger than anatifera, and has a singular acute promi- nent dilation at the base of the back valve. 105 Pi 1& PLATE CLAY. VOLUTA LAVIS. SMOOTH VOLUTE. GENERIC CHARACTER: Animal a Limax. Shell with one cell, spiral; aperture without a tail or beak, and somewhat effuse. Columella plaited; generally without lips or umbilicus. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell rather ovate, very smooth; spire obtuse; two plaits on the pillar lip; lip gibbous, and slightly denticulated. VoLUTA L&vVIs: testa obovata levissima, spira obtusa, columella biplicata, labro gibbo subdenticulato. VoLUTA EDENTULA. Mus. Porti. As a British species, this extremely rare little shell was first noticed on the coast of Weymouth, being dredged up in deep water by some fishermen, and consigned to the cabinet of the late Dutchess of Portland. The specimens we have figured, are two of those originally in the possession of her Grace. PLAT CLR. Dr. Solander, who, it is well known to the scientific conchologist, intended to have published a catalogue of that Museum, it appears, on a reference to his posthumous papers, called this species edentula ; a name which, without detracting from the merit of that able naturalist, it must be allowed is by no means applicable. So far from its being destitute of teeth, the series of denticulations are sufficiently visible on the colwmella ; those on the lip are yet more prominent, and can by no means justify the appellation of edentula. Voluta Levis, for such we have presumed to name this shell, is remarkably glossy, free in a perfect degree from any kind of striz, whitish, and most delicately tinged with pale blushes of red, and yellowish or straw colour.—It has much the habit of a cyprza, and might without any impropriety be arranged under that genus. é ‘ hs chins wid rie) bi i oe a A < tb ; | t xs : he ; ; we 3) ‘ 4, : y two ie i” i A a | Tip t? = 7 ! ‘ fr, J 7 - ji ne ' Ai 6 & < ‘ i, ‘an ee .0 eas ae Caen ‘Cie ae ¥ s : ed ; ‘ ry 4) : ee ‘i 1G or ey, a oid ne - j = a ae ae ; 7 i, PLATE CLXVI: Fits.. I. LEPAS SCALPELLUM. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Triton. Shell affixed at the base, multivalve; the valves unequal, SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell compressed. Valves thirteen, smooth, and seated on a scaly peduncle. Lepas SCALPELLUM: testa compressa tredecim valvi leviuscula pedunculo squamosa insidente. Linn. Fn. Suec. 2121.—Gmel. Syst. Nat. 3210. Sp. 11. Lillis Phil. Trans. 1758. t. 34. f. 4. paze $49. Lepas Scalpellum, a very rare and curious species, has been found attached to some sea weeds, dredged up on the coast of Weymouth ; a specimen of it afixed to the branches of a coralline that was dis- PLATE “CLAVI. covered here, after passing through the collections of the late Dutchess of Portland, and Dr, Fordyce, is at present in our possession. There are several interesting remarks upon this singular genus in a paper written by the late Mr. John Ells; which is inserted in the transactions of the Royal Society, for the year 1758: the letter is addressed to Mr. Isaac Romilly, a member of the society, and con- tains in particular, the following observation upon Lepas Scal- pellum. * Fig. 2,” he says, referring to his illustrative plate, ¢ is the next animal of this class: this is not yet described. I found several of them sticking to the warted Norway Sea Fan, which Dr. Pantop- pidan, the Bishop of North Bergen, sent you: from its appearance, I have called it the Norway Sea Fan Penknife. ‘The stem of this is covered with little testaceous scales. ‘The upper part of the animal is enclosed in thirteen distinct shells, six on each side, besides the hinge-shell, which is common to both sides: these are connected together by a membrane that lines the whole inside. Gmelin speaks of it as a native of the Norway seas. rr. i. LEPAS ANSERIFERA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell compressed, quinquevalve, striated, and seated on a peduncle. Lepas ANSERIFERA: testa compressa quinquevalvi, striata, pe- dunculo insidente. Gmel. Linn. Syst. p. 3210. Sp. 12s BL AT EK CLXVI. Chiefly distinguished from Lepas Anatifera, described at the com- mencement of this work, by having the valves striated with elevated lines ; the valves in the former being perfectly smooth. Lepas ana- tifera has been heretofore considered as a native of the American and Atlantic seas; but that it has been likewise found upon the English coast, there is no reason to dispute, the shell with the living animal has been dredged up at Weymouth, as well as the preceding species. We have the valves of this shell likewise in the collection of Da Costa, as an English species. VOL. Vv. ¥ | 4 * sei ieee pee igs ‘ os aby At ‘Gus of Tr Us ei . oa onl or et ee asia a bit we, ie c : 7 7 ; F } § De ae ve Rap : eo ae tok ; ie So. a ate ne Be os a tab , 7 Cah. © r : : riage ee ites ne 4 : ’ re 1 hla y ‘i. F ° : io ; a ise eet’ Pg ROon y pek, eigen as * . iene Ww ; ) i, en re ' ms ; : ; a ‘ vn ny Vee ‘“ 4 ry. ole ’ 5 ‘me oer, " Ns . ' oo ST ORM, Tal eg tae eR AY. Kb esi) | GR ae ; : ) ae va Ae hry oat v.- he ~ wg Lae ups ory) ; oe : vy) ie MN ee a a a Li) a ee wn ee MOP ie TA . OM aes i tah vipa a om “WAP ATer ie, p a We : .* ae a " ¢ a Te *F | i : 2 a ke a via } Sg im: a € ' . a 4 - (Fu vy at Boa oy ee 5 4h ; ’ ’ ys is His - * is had y . tapas “pitts ra eer 2 we tage ea = ni ae: : a 7. ae re 2) I é H ie ke Py, MAP ad 167 PAL ALTE. CL XVIL 4 NERITA INTRICATA. INTRICATE-LINED NERIT. GENERIC CHARACTER. Anima! Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, gibbous, flattish beneath : aperture semiorbicular, or semilunar ; pillar lip, transversely trun- cated, and flattifh. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell smooth : spire somewhat pointed: umbilicus large, nearly heart shaped, with a small carinated lobe. NeRITA INTRICATA: testa levi: spira submucronata, umbilico magno subcordato ; lobo parvo carinato. NERITA CANRENA var ? FY? That this shell :s not the young of Nerita Glaucina, as some have suspected, is evident from the depth and structure of the umbilicus, which in the former is almost completely closed by the pillar lip. It is rather allied to Nerita Canrena, which has a gibbous bifid umbi- licus ; and may possibly indeed prove to Le nothing more than a va- VOL. Y¥. G PLATE CLXVII. riety of that shell. “The varieties of N. Canrena, enumerated by Gmelin, amount to twenty-five, neither of which accords exactly with our shell, and that writer. describes them only as natives of India, Africa, and America, but itis not unlikely it may be also an European shell. Our specimens aré from Weymouth. . ir, oad < ee ny ni “ SD dahieifereaiaes ela oe peeevasiit v Taq = ¥, ; ne et r Ly ey ; e' ” re a : ab bin « Me shel y 3 ms ee - ra i ’ A Ne i » i r py ¢ ; se ‘ he. ar | | Taig A + te yr a Wa ity & ns ete i. wv; pe ; 4's ie 7 a ae an! Bess . “ . =F, 7 . " : f <9) 4 , : a : 2m Poy Was oe : “4 + .* & Ea a B ’ 4, j Rue " Ag « ‘oo hee x -_" 4 a | " uy . i. w ban ie Les i Cy % Sih!) ia fa He tie! ga ae met ny re iat e eu Fy , we) i wa ' ake an ";. ‘ ul: sit ane set za iba oF an ty be sh a a be Pe ve Ae Ane Geto a gtk esas: Tar 0s % ‘ ; ‘ -_, 1 eget a A ae “¢ if e an, : Peri A 2 " Berti: ‘ ie 1 u a Le ae RIN eh Pa i at as iM asd teed ae Oo Mi -) he ioe wy, PLATE CUXIX. FIGs. MUREX BAMFFIUS. BAMFF WHITE MUREX. GENERIC CHARACTER. Spiral, rough. The aperture ending in a ftrait, and fomewhe. produced gutter, or canaliculation. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell ventricofe, white, ribbed longitudinally, with. acute plaits. Murex BAaMFFius: testa ventricosa alba costis longitudinalibus acutis plicatis. A nondescript species, discovered by Mr. Cordiner, on the coast of Bamffshire, Scotland; and communicated by him to the late Duchess of Portland. ‘The smallest figure is only of the young shell, we have it of the exact size of the largest figure, numbered 1, in the annexed plate. Uncommonly rare. G 4 PLATE CLARE: FG. T. MUREX EMARGINATUS. NOTCHED-LIP PALE MUREX, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell somewhat elongated, pale, with a white band: wreaths striated, with Iengitudinal undulations: on the -posterior part of the lip a single notch. Murex EMARGINATUS: testa sub-elongata pallida fusca alba : anfractibus striatis longitudinaliter undulatis labio postice emarginato. The notch in the posterior part of the lip of this shell is singular, By this mark the species may be immediately distin- guished in a collection of British Shells, being perhaps the only , one of the kind found on our coast. ‘This notch, it should however be added, is to be considered rather as the distinctive feature of a natural family of shells, than as the character of the individual species now before us, the very same appearance being observable on several of the extra-european shells of the Murex Genus. Our specimens of this scarce, and, as we belieye, undescribed species, were found on the western coast. et eel it ge - >; hy / rat ag bot? q . ‘? Pn elo yea “ Waits Mame i Pare a 17? PLAT AeA VENUS FASCIATA. FASCIATED VENUS SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Hinge furnifhed, with three teeth, two near each other, the third divergent from the beaks. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell somewhat heart-shaped, white, fasciated with brown: ridges large, broad, depressed, of regular thickness at both extremities. VENUS FASCIATA: testa subcordata alba fusco-fasciata sulcis crassis latis depressis regularibus continuis. Pectunculus parvus, planior, crassus dense fasciatus. Fasciated: Da Costa, p. 188. sp. 25. Tub. 13. fig. 3. This elegant shell occurs very rarely on the coasts of this country ; we haye observed it sparingly distributed on the sands near Tenby, in Pembrokeshire. Da Costa says, he was informed that it is found near Bangor, among the rocks from Bangor Ferry to Anglesea, in PLATE CLXX. Wales, by which he could only mean that the species is an inhabitant of the Menai, the arm of Beaumaris bay, communicating with the St. George’s channel which divides Caernarvonshire from the island of Anglesea. The same writer notes it likewise from Cornwall. Dr... Pultney describes it asa scarce shell, which he had found at Wey- mouth. Having Da Costa’s specimens of this shell, and also that of his Pectunculus Vetula before us, we should not refrain from observing, that the opinion of Dr. Pultney respecting ‘hese shells is incorrect ; they are not merely transitions in growth, or varieties of the same kind, the difference between the two is obvious, and fully authorize us to consider them as distinct species. It should be understood in ad- vancing this remark, that the shell which Da Costa figures and de- scribes, for Pectunculus Vetula 1s clearly the Linnean Venus Paphia, a shell well known as a native of the West Indies, and never found to our knowledge in any of the European seas. Da Costa was aware, after his work had been published, that he had erroneously con- founded the variety of Fasciatus, Fig. 1, 1, in our Plate, with the West Indian shell ; he had conceived the latter to be the same shell in a more perfect condition, and caused it to be engraved accordingly. Dr. Pultney, in the passage wherein these shells of Da Costa are noticed (in his catalogue of the shells found on the coast of Dorset- shire,) describes the Pectunculus Fasciatus as nothing more than a variety of Venus Paphia (Zann.) in which respect he is assuredly mistaken, Qne of the most striking characters, by means of which the two species are to be discriminated, in our opinion, may be ob- served in the structure of the concentric ridges on the outside of the Shell: these in the true Linnzan Paphia are remarkably thick, and PLA/EE CLA: \ prominent in the middle, but in approaching each extremity become suddenly obtuse, and are then continued in an attenuated ridge, par- ticularly as they,extend towards the front of the shell, and thus exactly corresponding with the definition of Linnzus, “ rugis incrassatis, pube rugis attenuatis.”’ On the contrary, in our shell the ridges are nearly of an uniform thickness throughout, sloping gradually with the depression of the shell behind, and only terminating abruptly at the edge of the front, or fore part of the shell where the valves appear obtuse: the outline of the shell is also very different from Venus Paphia, the latter being more produced on each side than our Venus Fasciata. Bese onenaena ubnee npn es ch ) i esate Dog sere Pate apes Ni apse sacs S ‘ahi alabes ae IhitOne Ne mane: i or: Gere srs maa th ge Pam eR Sishnr . ee } os an x oe TRAeas 4 de7- Vint Astin iepamota se Lee ie Saks ee wus" Rie a: Hs, ‘et ua ‘a " ue sae servile meee Basin ve pale et Vaid 0s fer Kay dee au ie SRE acernasangtigne ide Pt 4 OEE HS Ay 7 ror & etn Wks is iy fag! Pylon, itt Same” i a At ) Nh a re ios et , ina Fy Cott eet -. ae: 4 he ido parma: Wik ears ne a 7 “ b or aa i ie’ Atey, han ; Pe ds 2 ten, , ‘ ei ee. Fe aki Si we: ig can ver tee mye, of iia Pe ue : : i" : . p eae ri | hb ‘a hecee a ‘eli Re mae’ 5 aaa a hy’ ie Sy sponinere Oe i 7 Apes ip a i oe OR. “ibe Siti sti ie ia z a i A at Sa hy, eon ‘allt da! al Wh dabingt WON « Ton. en RS ue rem ve ee ie . ange wb we oe ick uit coat hong tyhelee Z | nN eae ee) aly “height ene el 3 Pena Mare iahwe at ee oi , oe q enn ee hen | Vie ai ae | ae Late ic t oe f Ae hy oF , po a 7 . ‘ y ‘Vag : Ne ne Dare | yy a Ar’. a ay! ia One Ay > 4 ‘ " ee ee J 174 PLATS Chama. PATELLA MILITARIS. HOOKED LIMPET. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal a Limax: shell univalve, sub-conic without spire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell entire, conic, pointed, striated, with the tip hooked, or re- curved on one side. PATELLA MILITARIS: testa integra conica acuminata striata, ver- tice hamoso lateraliter recurvo. Linn. Mant. §52. List. Conch. 544. Pult. Cat. p. 51. When Linnzus described this shell in the Appendix to his AZantissa Plantarum, its native country was unknown to him. It is a Mediterranean species, and is sometimes, though rarely, met with on the British coast. We have it from Cornwall through the favour of Miss Pocock, and lately from Devonshire. Dr. Puitney acquaints us, that Mr. Bryer found this species on the sands near Weymouth Castle, Dorsetshire. PLATE CLXXI. Gmelin, in his edition of the Systema Nature, neglects to insert this species, for what reason we are at a loss to conceive. ‘The specimens we possess of this rare shell, from the warmer parts of Europe, are larger than those found on our coast. In different specimens we observe that the striz are liable to vary both in form and number, some shells appearing much more strongly reticulated than others. ~ i i ruAT BE. CLXAILL TURBO SUBULATUS. SUBULATE WREATH SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Aperture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Shell subulate, tapering, pale flesh-colour, glossy, fasciated with testaceous-brown. Aperture oval. TursBo SUBULATUS: testa subulato-turrita pallide-carnea nitida testaceo fasciata, apertura ovali. STROMBIFORMIs parvus corneus glaber. Smooth. De Costa, Brit. conch. p. 1171. sp. 69. Turbo levis. Smooth. Penn. Brit. Zool. No. 115. tab. 79. upper figure 2 a Our best specimens of this rare shell were dredged up on the, coast of Weymouth. Da Costa received it from Exmouth, in Devonshire ; he also adds, that three were found in the stomach of a Five Finger, or common Stella Marina. ‘The Turbo leyis PLATE CLXXIL. of Pennant is from the coast of Anglesea, but it is altogether uncertain whether he means this species or not.—It is an elegant shell, of a taper form, thin, and semitransparent ; when very per~ fect, of a pale flesh-colour, spirally wreathed with whitish lines, and others of an ochreous or brownish hue ; the stripes are not uniformly disposed alike in all specimens. Da Costa thinks the species may be well distinguished by the spiral white lines. The smallest figures in the plate denote the natural size of this shell. J is < i “a L 2 ohh a i n a | s ae | t és $y ae _ \) ) , a i wT’ ‘ 4 or ' fe aa » a -“ ‘ * bs b ; \ . ru> & S * Ph ‘

Sama ood Ve, ‘ args 1; ne We i : aap 1 ” ¥ , ert ‘ a » 7 ‘ Aan Payer ial J Khe A ty iv ; - no 7 Maen Too : ky i 4 } iy pie in Hae ait his a oh O R Peg iy ares % ‘Ghats fh. “ ; a bt “N ve 7 ee an ° f ae ap ot jet mA oh . yd rs +5 sy) p PLATE CLXXIX. pre. L, TURBO ACUTUS. ‘ACUTE WREATH SHELL. GENERIC CHARACTER. Animal Limax. Shell univalve, spiral, or of a taper form. Apet- ture somewhat compressed, orbicular, entire. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell taper, acute, snowy white, whorls about twelve with nume- rous oblique obtuse ribs. TURBO ACUTUS: testa turrita acuta nivea, anfractibus subduodecim costis confertis obliquis obtusis, A mutilated specimen of this curious Shell has been sent to us from the coast of Cornwall: we believe it has been also found at Wey- mouth ; but our perfect shell of this species is from Guernsey.—The smallest figure is of the natural size. PLATE CLXXIX, FIG. II, BUCCINUM BRUNNEUM. LITTLE BROWN WHELK, GENERIC CHARACTER. Aperture oval, ending in a short canal. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell taper, brown, whorls transversely striated, and longitudinally undulated, Aperture toothless. BuccinuM BRUNNEUM: testa turrita brunnea anfractibus trans~ versim striatis longitudinaliter undulatis apertura: edentula, Found on the coast of Cornwall :—A rare, and, as it is presumed, an undescribed species. FIG. Ill. MUREX ELEGANS. ELEGANT MUREX. GENERIC CHARACTER. Spiral, rough, aperture ending in a strait, and somewhat produced guiter or cana'iculation. PLATE CLXXIX. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell yellowish, banded with ochreous, tip violet: whorls longi- tudinally ribbed, and finely striated transversely. MuREX ELEGANS: testa ovata flavescente ochreo-fasciata apice violacea anfractibus longitudinaliter costatis trans- versim minutissime striatis. / A very beautiful little shell, discovered by Miss Pocock on the coast of Cornwall. Peo. Uv. MUREX SEPTEM-ANGULATUS. SEVEN-ANGLED. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell oblong, acute, pale, with seven longitudinal angles. Murex SepTEM-ANGULATUs: testa oblonga acuta pallida longi- tudinaliter septem-angulata. This kind rarely occurs on our coasts. The specimens in our possession are from Weymouth, Jt bears a strong affinity to Murex costatus, plate XCIV. of this work, although it is certainly distinct. Murex costatus is much more linear in the outline, and has the ribs Jess prominent and acute than our Murex septem- angulatus. VOL. V. a ae a | ; A Tae a if : Bree pa: ee i aon a ; - "Mie * tale ; ' ‘ed : ; . meni i a - pss ‘ ) Ceti = ihe ’ s b ‘ SONA) Ais all x pags ing le om pe "PLATE CLXXY. MUREX DESPECTUS, DESPISED MUREX. GENERIC CHARACTER. Spiral, rough. The aperture ending in a strait, and somewhat pro- duced gutter, or canaliculation. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Tail patulous : shell oblong ; whorls eight, with two elevated lines. Murex Despecrus: testa patulo-subcaudata oblonga: anfrachbus octo lineis duabus elevatis. Linn. J¢. Wageoth. 200. tab. 5. f. 8. The present shell, it must be tacitly acknowledged, is inserted among the rarer shells of this country on very slight authority ; namely, that of a friend, who believes he once saw a few : specimens of this Mfurexv that were fished up in the sea at a short distance to the north of the Orknies.—On this suspicion only we 12 PLATE CLXXxX. could not have presumed to insert the species in this work, were it not to avail ourselves of the opportunity afforded by that means to cor- rect an error very generally admitted concerning the true Murex despectus of Linnzus, the shell at this time under confideration. To the English conchologist it need be scarcely said, that another shell, somewhat similar to the present, although specifically different, has been hitherto received as the Murex despectus of Linnzus by every writer in this country who has had occafion to speak of that shell. The origin of this mistake, it will be perceived from the following particulars, rests in a great measure, if not entirely, with Linnzus himself. The Murex despectus of this writer is noticed, for the first time, in the account of his Travels through part of Sweden: a small oétavo volume written in the Swedish language, with notes, relative to Natural History in Latin. At page 200, he describes this shell in these words, ‘* cochlea spiris octo oblonga utrinque producta lineis duabus elevatis,”’ referring to plate 8. fig. 5. of the same work for a delineation of the shell; the figure quoted in every respect agrees with our specimen, not only in the general outline, but most exactly in having the slight carinated ridges that pass spirally round the whorls, a character not observable on the Murex despectus of English authors. So far therefore we are convinced that the present shell is the Murex despectus of the Linnzan Jter Westrogothicum. The work above mentioned appeared in 1746, the year in which Linneus likewise published the first edition of his Fauna Suecica, In the latter, Murex despectus is again described with a reference to his Zter W. goth. and in addition to that synonym, a shell: figured by Lister is also quoted for the same species. ‘This is the source of that very confusion which has fince arisen concerning the Linnean PLATE CLXXxx: Despectus, and should be fully stated.—Lister’s Angl. t.3. fo... is ) the reference given by Linnzus Adverting to this we find the fol- lowing definition of the’ shell given by Lister, ‘* Buccinum album lzve maximum septem spirarum.”’—He further adds, in the general description, ‘* Testz pars exterior ex tota levis est, i.e. sine striis quamvis szpius vel rugis quibusdam vel aliis rebus extrinsecus adna- tis exasperetur.”” From this account, and from the figure he has given of the shell, there is not the smallest reason to dispute that Lister means the shell which English writers have heretofore con- sidered as the Murex Despectus*; but it is not less certain that Linnzus was wrong in quoting Lister’s figure for his Swedish shell, since they are not the same. However, on the authority of this reference to Lister, which afterwards appeared in the Systema Nature, this shell has continnued to be considered as the species meant by Linnzus. Nor was this the only oversight which appears to have been com- mitted by that eminent Naturalist; by continuing to refer, in the Systema Nature, to Lister’s figure for his species Despectus, no one scarcely could imagine that Lister’s shell should be the M. Antiquus of Linnzus, instead of his Despectus, and yet we are persuaded, after attentively comparing his description of the shells with his synonyms, that such is the fact : the description agrees with it, and the figure given by Gualterz is surely of the same kind as that which Lister speaks of. The Linnzan shell, M. Despectus, is well described, and the figure in his Zter. W. Goth. is expressive: the two elevated spiral lines, together with the rotundity of the wreaths, are strikingly * In Lister’s Plate the shell is reversed by mistake, most likely, of the engravers ioe PLATE CLXxXx, characteristic of this Species. At the first glance this shell appears to be an intermediate kind between Lister’s shell and the Murex Carinatus of Pennant, and ourselves: mdeed the principal difference we perceive between the true M. Despectus and Lister’s shell is, that the former has the whorls of the spire rather more ventricose, and distinctly marked with two slightly elevated spiral lines ; from Murex Carinatus it differs principally in the very promment angulations of the anfrac- éibus, where the ridges appear, and more particularly in the strong depression between the upper ridge, and the suture of the whorls. The Murex despectus, at pesent under consideration, is certainly very rare, except in the North of Europe, where we are led to suppose, from what Linnzus says, it is not uncommon. The only specimens we have ever seen of this kind are from Greenland. HAVING thus ascertained, as we may reasonably believe, the true Linnzean Murex Despectus, it remains in this, place to propose the following emendations and additions to the description of two Shells figured in the course of this work, namely, Murex Despectus, Plate XX XI. and Antiquus, Plate CXIX. which, in common with other testaceological writers, we had misconceived. PLATE XIX. MUREX DESPECTUS, read — MUREX ANTIQUUS. ANTIQUATED MUREX, Testa patulo-caudata oblonga: anfractibus octo teretibus. Linn. Ln. Suec, 2165. PLATE CXIX. MUREX ANTIQUUS, read MUREX DUPLICATUS. TUBERCULATED MUREX. Dele reference to Linn. Fn. Suec. et Gmel. Syst. Nat. and add for the SPECIFIC CHARACTER Shell patulous, tailed, oblong: whorls eight, tuberculated, striated, with two raised ridges. MurEX DUPLICATUS: testa patulo caudata oblonga: anfractibus octo striatis duplicato carinatis: carinis tubercu- latis. ri. " 1 ee sé teu Wee BS i, ; cine e Ooh tds ce my, ie , < ie ae : , oa oe ) ia Fr, é ‘ 9 oy ; , te. % hay "1 rai , Oe ee i wit . >... ae me Foe RR he iad bapa eg SV aie ia > eToA sane i 2 " ‘ia ‘ y » , . ¢ ‘ , si ier, BY eg KR ate ; “Were Pha: na “Sh y in : Hh, Sar we i 4 i t Ma iD Ae 1 a ied | INDEX VOL. V. LINNAAN ARRANGEMENT. LLepas Tintinnabulum borealis Scalpellum o———— anferifera dilata « Mya pictorum . ~—— pretenuis - ~ Solen pellucidus - Tellina depressa Mactra radiata - Venus fasciatus - lactea © Arca Noz# - Pinna levis . Voluta levis ° Buccinum Glaciale o——— — brunneum Murex despeccus Bamfhus ° mmnmnonn CMACZiDatus MULTIVALVIA. BIVALVIA. CONCHA. t74 176 153 163 16r 170 149 158 152 165 154 179 180 169 169 Figs 2,2 Murex septem-angulatus moon elegans - mmo angulatus Trochus conicus - ween CiNereus - Turbo pallidus - subulatus acutus - vittatus - interruptus costatus - pallidus - reticulatus - ~- bE eae albus ° Helix rufescens em— pallida ° mmm hispida - =e ericetorum mem fragilis - =—— fontinalis - mem putris - mee Bullzoides - Nerita intricata - Patella militaris - oblonga : nome INtorta 4 Dentalium octangulatum Teredo navalis sw xX. Plate. ° = 179 ; = 179 - - 156 - i 155 a << 155 - - 178 - - 172 . - 179 - - 178 = im 178 - = 178 - - 178 = = 159 ~ = 177 * = 157 S - 157 - - 151 . = ISI : a 175 = = 175 3 ° 168 - ° 168 . - 167 - * 171 - - 150 - - 146 » - 3162 Fig. PWN Am YB HD wm YP we ON INDEX TO VOL. V. ASCORDING TO THE HISTORIA NATURALIS TESTACEORUM BRITANNIE or DA COSTA, PAR? 1. UNIVALVA NON TURBINATA. GENUS 1. PATELLA. LIMPET, FLITHER, OR PAP SHELL. Plate. Fig. PatELva fuviatilis ‘ i 4 - 147 GENUS 3. SERPULA. THE WORM SHELL. Serpula Tereda = « ~ - - - 145 SND Oe a PART IIL. UNIVALVIA TURBINATA. GENUS 7. TROCHUS. THE Top. MARINA. SEA: Plate. Figs Trochus cinereus » - * - 355 3 GENUS 9. HELIX. * TERRESTRES. LAND.. Helix Erica © - - - - 15% om hispida ° = = - - 151 E wees rufesccns - - = e 157 ** FLUVIATILES. RIVER. Turbotrianfractus <= = ° - = 168 5 GENUS 12. STROMBIFORMIS. NEEDLE SNAIL. Strombiformis albus ba = o * An 177 t ORDER 2. BIVALVES. GENUS 7, PECTUNCULUS. COCKLE. Plate. _— Fig Pectunclus fasciatus ~ ~ = - 17° MULTIVALVES, \ GENUS 17. BALANUS. ACORN. Balanus Tintinnabulum > - - - 148 ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO VOL. V. AcuTA, Turbo - : albus, Turbo - angulatus, Mttex - - anferifera, Lepas - < Bamffius, Murex - borealis, Lepas - brunneum, Buccinum - Bullzoides, Helix - cinereus, Trochws - costatus, Turbo - - conicus, Trochus - - depressa, Tellina (Squalida) despectus, Murex - - dilata, Lepas - . elegans, Murex - - emarginatus, Murex - Ericetorum, Helix - fasciatus, Venus - fontinalis, Helix - - fragilis, Helix = e glaciale, Buccinum 2 hispida, Helix - interruptus, Turbo = intorta, Patella - intricata, Nerita (Canrena war ?) lactea, Venus - = lacustris, Patella - levis, Pinna. (Ingens Penn ?) levis, Voluta - mammillatus, Turbo - militaris, Patella - navalis, Teredo - Now, Arca - - 160 379 16% 155 178 155 163 130, 164.. 179 169 151 170 175 175 154 15r 178 146 167 149 147 152 165 173 171 145 158 Fige “ww 8 wv» Nn I, 2 Plate. oblonga, Patella - . « - - 150 octangulatum, Dentalium = = = a 162 pallida, Helix . > - - = I597 pallida, Turbo - - “- = 178 pellucidus, Solen - - - - 153 Pictorum, Mya - - - - 174 pretenuis, Mya - - - - 176 putris, Helix - eat me, Wo - 168 radiata, Mactra - - . on - 164 reticulatus, Turbo - « - - 159 rufescens, Helix - - - = 157 ‘scalpellum, Lepas £ Seats bide - - 166 septem-angulatus, Murex 3 the fusend 3 * 179. subulatus, Turbo - - - - - 172 Tintinnabulum, Lepas == fe os = 148 vittatus, Turbo - r - - - 17% FINIS, a re Printed by Bye and Law, St. John’s Square, Clerkenwell. Fig. I, I Lately Published, BY THE SAME AUTHOR : 1. 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