Hibrary of the Museum COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY, AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. Founded dy private subscription, in 1861. Apert? & einai ana LOUIS AGASSIZ. No. IF LI | in a it eT! ey Ue Pee THE MereRAL HISTORY OF BRITISH TNSECTS; EXPLAINING THEM EN THEIR SEVERAL STATES, WITH THE PERIODS OF THEIR TRANSFORMAT ONS, THEIR FOOD, OECONOMY, &c. TOGETHER WITH THE HISTORY OF SUCH MINUTE INSECTS AS REQUIRE INVESTIGATION BY THE MICROSCOPE. THE WHOLE ILLUSTRATED BY eOgn Or; URE) Di) (Pid G: URC ESS, DESIGNED AND EXECUTED FROM LIVING SPECIMENS. By Ey DONOVAN; LONDON: <9 PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, And for F, and C. Rivincron, N° 62, St. Paun’s CHurcH-YARDs VED GE XCV > $ oo EVE SL TY 2 ut mo Gg Ron abas ioe eit = ae : | CER EBOREINE ss ve Tina ‘ Fic See am a ¢ we J Away t: or ha 1 ee ee ano tay ‘f nOT? HART wountas aio: e00 OHM Ree BE Fc a. le os aie ed OG ‘TLS Ee By Meany ei eh il x : ' i ae It eM s, i a ; 4 : t A j ¥ Ve Pie pe Fa ae oer’ stn goaess : “aro. ay sutia Hw ye my ¥ se £1989 aA aa wa ‘ore Stee zt iis, tat 2a 4 ve auraameyar gil a ae aesgers Catv og 28a 9 hatin | canes nt +4 oF Biysy Cia Wi! gicn ee Oe Vee ee 2p Pals | o an : ne ie ran Tt ete a ee , ‘at 7 ie Rah an f ‘ 1 “wa a PN et ge Q Sea MA mee ‘s Be aout ae wo sien dat, ig ee P 1 Lpige pani ery tae ra rita caval 2 i a ae cree 199 ee G NATURAL HISTORY: OF BRL IS By BEY SEC ET S, BLA war. rx. PAPILIO PODALIRIUS, Scarce SWALLOWTAIL, BUTTERFLY. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne clavated. “Wings when at reft erect. Fly by day, SPECIFIC CHARACTER: Above pale yellow, beneath paler. On the firft wings (upper fide) fix pale black ftripes and a black margin. On the fecond wings, an oblique black ftripe, anda black border with five femilunar blue {pots, two long tails. Stripes more numerous on the under fide. Papitro Podalirius, alis caudatis fubconcoloribus flaves centibus, falciis fufcis geminatis, pofticis fubtus linea fanguinea. Syft, Ent. 451. 38. Linn. Syft. Nat, 2.751. 36+ Muf. Lud. Vir. 2.08. B 2 | 8 al Papilio A PL. Ago scr. Papilio alis pallide flavis, rivulis-tranfverfis nigris fecundariis angulo fubulato iaculague crocea.. Geoff. Inf. 2. 56. 24. Papilio Sinon. Pod. Inf. 62. tab. 2. fig. ¥ Cram. Inf. 13. tab: 152. tab. 2. fig. 1. Merian. Europ. 163. tab. 44. Roe. Inf. 1. pap. 2. tab. 2. Reaum. Inf. i. tab. 11. fig. 3. 4 Fonft. Inf. tab. §. fig. 5. E/fp. pap. 1. tab. 1. fig. 2. Scheff: elem. tab. 94. fiz. 4 Icon. tab. 45. fig. 3+ 4. Raj. Inf. 11k. 3. Fab, Spec. Inf. 2. 15. 58. Fabricius * and fome other entomological writers have very minutely defcribed the Larva and Pupa ftate of this rare butterfly; the Larva feed on the leaves of the turnip, cabbage, and other plants of the fame genus ; it is of a yellow colour, with {pots of brown, head pale green. ‘The Pupa is yellow, fpotted with brown alfo, and has two teeth, or fharp points in the fore-part. We have received the Butterfly from North America, as well as from Germany ; it appears to be a native of moft parts cf the Euro- pean Continent, though perhaps not frequently found.—Berkenbout is the only writer who has defcribed it as an Englith fpecies + ; he fays it is rare (in this country,) found in woods. In the perfect ftate, vifits flowers in the day time. * Habitat in Europe Braflice, Larva folitaria, flavefcens, fufco pun@ata, capite pallide virefcente. Puppa flavefcens, fufco puntata, antice bidentata. Fab. Spec. Inf. &c. + Synopfis of the Natural Hiftory of Great Britain and Ireland. PLATE é Via io M4 f oy ¥. Se Shy, =. MA USA aD 2 See De NS Walia aia 8 PHALENA PENTADACTYLA. Wuitre FEATHERED Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne taper from the bafe. Wings in general contracted when at reft. Fly by night. * 7 * ALUCITE. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Every part fnow white, except the eyes, which are black, anterior wings bifid, pofterior tripartite. PHALANA PENTADACTYLA Alucita alis patentibus fiffis quinque partitis niveis, digito quinto diftin&to. Lin. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 542. 304. edit. 10. : P. Pentadactylus, alis niveis, anticis bifidis, pofticis tripartitis. Syft. Ent. 672. 6—Fab. Spec. Inf. Geoff. Inf. 2. 91. 1. Reaum. Inf. 1. tab. 20. fig. 1.2. Roef. Inf. 1. phal. 4, tab. 5. Ammir. Inf. tab. 23, Sulz. Inf: tab. 16. fig. 10. Petiv. Gazoph. tab. 67. fig. 6. The Caterpillar of this fingular Infe&t is very common in May; it is of a green colour, with a white ftripe down the back, and one on each fide; it cafts its {kin feveral times. We have obferved fome Caterpillars which were quite f{mooth, after cafting their fkinbecome rough or covered with hairs ; and others which 6 were 6 | PLA Te. CX. were white become black by the fame procefs ; in this caterpillar we have obferved a fimilar change: a fpecimen which was of a plain green as before defcribed, became fuddenly fpotted with black as fhewn in our plate, that fkin being caft off it aflumed its former appearance and became a pupa. It feeds on grafs, nettles, &c. near the fides of ditches, and is found fporting in the evening, when in the fly ftate among the grafs and herbage. The Caterpillar becomes a Pupa about the beginning of June.—It affixes itfelf by the tail to a ftalk of grafs in the fame manner as thofe of the Butterfly genus, and like them is often found with the head fufpended downwards; it can by a fudden {pring turn itfelf upright again. In a little book entitled the AURELIAN’s PockeT Companion, by Mofes Harris, we find this fpecies defcribed, and called the White Plumed, but the Linnzan fpecified Name Didaétyla is added:—And under the Linnean name Pentadactyla (our prefent fpecimen) he has defcribed the Brown plumed*.—T he fame confufion is extended to his folio work the AURELIAN. In Plate 1. he has figured the White plumed under the fpecific name DidaStyla, and in Plate 30, the Brown plume, under Pentadactyla. Linnzus has comprifed all thofe Lepi- dopterous Infects whofe wings appear to confift of feveral diftin& feathers, connected only at the fhafts, under the fubdivifion Aude, but Fabricius has given them the new name PTEROPHORUS, and added the name Alucitz to a fmall divifion of the Tinea, as Phal. Chriftyloftella, &c. of Linz. The Phal. Pentadactyla appears in the perfect ftate about the latter end of June, fometimes earlier. * Another fpecimen of the fame divifion of the genus (ua) but of a brown colour * Alis fiffis fufcis, &c.”’ Linn. PLATE wroeoy y IP RARY HAZ NEVE RSITY CAMSRIOGE. MA USA te er 4S Pe ee YE. OR FrG jae CHRYSOMELA gPUNCT AT Aj? COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACI ER. Antenne knotted enlarging towards the ends. Corfelet mar- gined, . *** Body Cylindrical. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Head and thorax black. Shells yellow brown with two black {pots oneach. Antennz ferrated, CHRYSOMELA 4 punéfata cylindrica, thorace nigro, elytris rubris: punctis duobus nigris, Antennis brevibus. Linn, Sy/?. Nat. 2. 374. §0- edit. 10. CHRYSOMELA 4 punéata thorace nigro, elytris rubris, maculis duabus rubris antennis ferratis. Degeer. Inf. 5. 32. tab. 10. fig. 7. Melontha coleoptris rubris maculis quatuor nigris, thorace nigro. Geoff. Inf. 1. 195. tad. 3. fig. 4+ Bupreftio 4 punctata. Scop. Ent. Carn. 206. Cryptocephalus 4 punctatus. Fab. Spec. Inf. t. 13°» 3. Scheff. Elem. tab. 83. fig. X. a Icon, tab. 6. figs I. 2. 3. This 8 Pel AAT Ue «GRR This fpecies is fearce, though more frequently met with than either of the following Chryfomele. It is generally found on the Hazel-nut tree. FIG. I. IV. CHRYSOMELA SANGUINOLENTA. 4 COLEOPTERA. CHRYSOMELA. | SPECIFIC) CHARACTER, Black blue, a bright orange or red exterior margin to the elytra. CHRYSOMELA Sunguinolente ovata atra, elytris margine exte- riori fanguineis. Linn. Sy/?, Nat. 2. 591. 38. Sy/t. Ent. IOL. 40. | CHRYSOMELA nigro coerulea, elytris atris punctatis margine exteriori rubro. Geoff. Inf. 1. 259. 8. tab. 4. fig. 8 Chi pias rubre marginata. Fc. Degeer Inf. 5, 298. 7. tab. 8: fig. 24 | Bupreftis Sanguinolenta. Scop. carn. 203. rE SE Extremely rare in England ; our fpecimen was found on the trunk ef an afh tree in June r794———'n Kent. FIG. PL AT E @mt, 9 FIG. .V. VI. CHRYSOMELA COCCINEA., COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELA. SPE CIMICNOMAR ACT ER. Fine red, with two black {pots on each elytra, and one on the thorax. CHRYSOMELA coccinea oblonga, thorace marginato fanguineo, macula nigra, elytris fanguineis maculis duabus nigris. Linn. Sy/?. Nat. 2. 592. 43-—Ln. Sv. 532. CurysoMELA 4 maculata, &c. Degeer Inf. 5. 30%. 10. tab. g. jig. i Coccinella Coleoptris rubris maculis 4 nigris, Vdm. Diff 13. Fab. Spec. Ent. 1. 131. 83. Very rarely met.with: our fpecimen was taken on a thiftle in a field between Kennington Common and Camberwell, May 1794. ‘The fpecies has not till very lately been confidered as a native of this sountry. ' Cc PIAA ira MOT LIBRARY ARV, Gh UNEVERSETY CAMBRIDGE..»MA USA Pei A TE CX Si@AR AB AUS FULE,O COLEOPTERA. GENERIG CHARACTER. Antennz clavated, their extremities fiffile. Five joints in each foot. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, AND SYNONYM S. Antennz, of feven lamine *. Head, thorax, and fhells brown, {potted with white. Beneath white, ScaRaBzus Fuito fcutellatus muticus, antennis heptaphyllis, corpore nigro pilis albis, fcutello macula duplici alba. Linn, Sy/t. Nat. 2. 553- 57.—fn. Sv. 394. ScaRaBaus, &c. Geoff. Inf. 1. 69. 2. Frifeb. Inf. 11. tab. 1. fig. 1. ScaraBgeus Variegatus. Reef. Inf. 4. tab. 30. Schaff. Icon. tab. 23. fiz. 2. Heefn. Inf. 2. tab. 7. Sulz. Hift. Inf. 1. 1. Melolontha Fullo. Fab. Spec. Inf. 1. 35. 1. Except the Stag Beetle, (Cervus Lucanus) which is figured already in this work, this is the largeft Coleopterous Infeét ever found in England ; it is extremely rare, and is faid to be met with only in the fand on the fea coaft near Sandwich. * The antennz of the male is very large, as fhewn in our figure; the antennz of the ’ female is reprefented at Fig. 1, D PLATE ee ti avi estigite AHS fn ee ny 2 enioi ee @itividezged 2inasine uoisum evielivtcs) o1a0t cua aA RAS | p kiponeh lleva) idle bx to. ty 9 A } +r ‘ : j es . ~* wrehh es , oe ra, ao of 3 A at | aaa, adls isilqu ) - ; , aa 7m™ opoe «ZO SY Serine ¥S ry Ne ~~ 4 ; . ¥ ; J . 1 At “be ‘ f 4 mi yA zi , 2 & 90.2 lal ae =o aa i 2 ome oy sas ee Oe Ld ws ay 2 CR BE yee i vee ‘ Pony ven i ‘na oe Matg Awh cK - eutsgotte ce ; a , dey ve oP RS aes one ay fAaG t ‘ en, a thy A . . ate ae Na, ay ek: y " ' Py 2 . ae aye ‘ai a! oe ad of bich@ One wm qoainkhe PAIR OURG WE Tinks (Pe amen a Raornsrerbeneyiy Seances OR 6 ee SR eS Me ae “4! s " = eile to siahattie any yao gh mos i awe a me 05 aah Kiay 2i alam atl} Yo > apis , Sy t ’ j : + bo. att st Qt se be a i A Re | g Q: gu « } . 4 ’ P eis BARVA: CAMBER } Weal 1/7 > = i. we 113 fax 9 PRAT MERI FePQy Fj HEMEROBIUS HIRTUS, NEUROPTERA. Wings four, naked, tranfparent, reticulated with veins or nerves, Taif without a fting. GENERIC CHARACTER. Mouth prominent. Palpi four. Wings deflexed. Antenne longer than the thorax, taper, extended. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Firft wings tranfparent reticulated with brown veins, hairy. Veins fewer on the fecond wings. Hemerosius hirtus, alis albis fufco reticulatis, fafciis duabus fufcefcentibus. Linn. Sy/t, Nat. 2. 912. 6.— Fn. Sv. 1507. Degeer Inf. 2.2.70. 12. tab. 22. fig. 4. § This very common Infe& is found on the nut tree, and oak. It conceals itfelf in the middle of the day among the foliage, or flies only in moift, fhady places. It is always obferved to be very brifk at the approach of a thunder ftorm, like the Hemorobius Perla, &c. D 2 YE he r4 PLA Re ex, The nerves on the wings are fo exceedingly delicate, that it is im- poffible to give an accurate reprefentation of the natural fize; but to remedy that defect, we have fhewn the magnified appearance of an upper and under wing at Fig. 2. The wings are of a pale tranfparent brown; which as the Infect ‘roves in different directions reflec& all the vivid colours of a Prifm. PLAT E® RS ft 7 { ey ye MRVARD UNIVERSHY. CAMBRIDGE. MA USA 1i4- | ca rs mn Cc PERT BO oCKrIviters: Pe tae NA. COs Ss Us, ee mee 4 win Goat Morn, 1% TSke LEPIDOPTERA, r CEMERT OUCH RA Cee eR: Antenne taper from the bafe. | Wings in general contracted when at reft. Fly by night. SPROIFIC CHARACTER, AND SYNONYM S- Grey, with fhort black irregular curved lines on the upper wings. Antennz feathered. PuHaLtana Cossus. Bowbyx elinguis, alis deflexis nebulofis, thorace fafcia poftica’atra. Linn, Sy/ft. Nat. 2. 504. 40. edit. Io. PHALZzNA pettinicornis elinguis, alis albo cinereis, ftriis tranfverfis nebulofis nigris. abdomine annulis albis. Geoff. Inf. 2. 102. 4. Degeer Inf. Vers. Germ. 2. 1. 268. I. Merian. Europ. tab. 36. Roef. Inf. 1. phal. 2. tab. 18. Reaum. Inf. 1. tab. 17. fig. 1. 5. Albin. Inf. tab. 35. fig. 56. Lyonet Traite de Chenille. Scheff. Icon. tab. 61. fig. I. 2» Goed, Inf. 2. tab. 336 The 16 PL Aga WCXIV. The Caterpillar of the Goat Moth feeds on the internal fubftance of willow trees ; it is faid to be alfo found in the body of the oak, but we have never difcovered any in fuch a fituation. The eggs are laid in the crevices of the trees; as foon as the Caterpillars are hatched, they begin to pierce into the folid wood. In moft parts of England they are called Auger Worms; the holes which they make in the timber appearing as if bored with that Inftrument. It lives in the Caterpillar ftate three years before it is transformed to a pupa; when iull fed it is four inches long, the body appears very flefhy, and without hairs ; the head is black, and armed with very fharp forceps; the cafe is compofed of bits of wood and faw-duft, which it unites with a ftrong web; the infide is lincd with a fine fmooth white filmy fubftance, like fattin ; it pafles to the pupa ftate in the cavity which it has perforated in che caterpillar ftate, within three or four inches of the opening: it remains only two months in that ftate before the Fly is produced. Is found in chryfalis in May ; in the fly ftate, the latter end of June, er in July. PLA Tye ——————EE—————aaaEEEEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEeEEOeEeEeEeeeeeee VERSE ae ah fide Al) E oye CHRYSOMELA CEREALIS. COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne knotted, enlarging towards the ends. Corfelet margined. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, AND SYNONYMS. Thorax and fhells ftriped with blue, crimfon and yellow green in- clining to gold. Wings fine fcarlet. CuHRYSOMELACEREALIS. Ovata aurata, thorace lineis tribus coleop- trifque quinque cceruleis. Sy/?. Ext. 100. 33. Linn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 588. 176 CurYSOMELA aurea fafciis coeruleis cupreifque alternis, punctis inor« dinatis. Geoff. Inf. 1. 262. 14. Scheff. Icon. tab. 1. fiz. 3 Fab, Spec. Inf. t+ po 1240 45» This beautiful Infect is a native of Georgia in North America; and has been received from feveral parts of Africa, as Guinea, &c. | E Ie te PLA'T? €xv. It has alfo been found (though we believe very rarely) in the fouthern parts of Europe, particularly in Italy; and we have reafon to conclude | it has been met with in the fouth of France, and in Germany *. We prefume to include it among the Englifh Chryfomele, on the authority of the late-Mr. Hudfon, author of the Flora Anglicay &c. who appears to be the only Naturalift that has taken it in Great Britain, except the Rev. Mr. Hugh Davies, of Beaumaris, who alfo — met with a {pecimen of it on a mountain in Wales fome years fince. The colour of the ftripes on the fhells fometimes vary; and the — underfide, which in our Infeé& is purple, is often of a fhining brownifh colour ; the tranfparent wings, which are concealed beneath the fhells, are bright red. * Habitat in Europe auftralioris fegete, in fpartio fcoparia. D. Prof. Hermanns Fab. Spe. Inf. ‘PLA oe Nae: LO RAR Y by Py WAVES PRY | 116 PeoA 1 E CAVE PromrinNn xX CHRYSORR HGS GoLpDEN-TAIL SPHINX. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thickeft in the middle. Wings, when at reft, deflexed. Fly flow, morning and evening only, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Wings tranfparent with black veins. Head, thorax, body, fhining black with yellow rings or belts. Trail fine golden yellow. In the paintings of Ern/?, a figure of a tranfparent-winged Sphinx, fimilar to this, is given, under the fpecific name Oeftriformis: we are not clearly convinced he intended it for this Infe&t, nor can we conceive | the name to be by any means applicable; we therefore pafs over the reference to that very fcarce work as doubtful, and reject his fpecific name left he fhould mean another Infect. _ Linnzus has not defcribed this fpecies, nor have we found a defcrip- | tion of it in the writings of Fabricius. It is rare in England. THomas Marsuam, Efq. Sec. L. S. favoured me with the fpecimen from which the annexed figure is | taken; it was met with in Kenfington Gardens in June, E 2 PLAEE eet Te Sale ea eld caine i aig eho i A a Wf, f ry nn et vein oe 4.3 y , = ¢ oes as saat bis d - >» coinaatd hy fe ces +) r bes 4 ie: pes nf " yp ‘ST pe aN pad fh Roya) Waaaliaee wi Wer > : bi ie pCO PpmaRy oh. ee ih HARV? PUM ERSITY. | . CAMBRIDGE MA USA, Lt} pres PLATE CXVIL PHALENA CRAT#£GI. Oak EcceEeR MorTu. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Antenne taper from the bafe. Wings, in general contracted when at reft. Fly by night. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Wings rounded. Afh-colour, or dull brown, with obfcure waves of a darker colour. PHaLzNA CRATAGI. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 823. 48. Reaum. Inf. 1. tab. 44. fig. 10. Degeer Inf. 1. tab. 11. fig. 20. 21. We have never found this Infe&t common, though it muft not be confidered as a rare fpecies; it is feldom met with near London: our fpecimen was found in the Caterpillar ftate at Dartford in May. It changed to Chryfalis in June. The fly came forth in September. The male is rather fmaller than the female generally, though not always. ‘The ftrength of their colours is very inconftant, efpecially in the female, which we have feen very dark in fome {pecimens; in others nearly as pale as the male; the general diftinction however between the two fexes is, the male being of a light grey with fpots and waves of brown, the female of an obfcure brown with fpots more diffufed. PLATE toe “*, Cy a x : a ‘ ; ty 4M i , ak . iy i Li + e) fis es ave a ae Oe 8h Ge Ue ae H ¥' ef ee Whe! ee Se ek } wee ds sh BR Se MA 4 eee : i | co ; Pee " We t i . (* yg Me : = oP Eve beers Jy ensy al 2s na Ve iad ond cad ied ‘ os ¢ r ‘ ' ’ ia oa Ceo ee ‘ : A, Ee Wd DES yy OS ES By? 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' £ ' / 7 ‘ mel 4 & 5 . . ‘ 4 i , o \ ; " hed ‘ } ‘ : v. ae (s , ne ap f rs : : { o ; . H A ' ean i ait ing . 4 r A , AL } : " ' } 2 , r t . } ] \ ‘4 rm io f i] . A ,' ry ‘ . ir ‘ A pea r i j \ iq ‘ f F ‘ " ee a , he ’ i 1 i ‘ ‘ 4 rr | ie ’ " ‘ , ‘ 4 ‘ : , ny ‘ y ; i : i ° ' ) ‘ \ i ‘ f hie , 4 & q = i! 7 * i j ‘ ri . 1 a iW { ‘ i A inti ie! ‘ 11% £875 9 PLATE. CxvViIM F 1G, oh CIMEX LACUSTRIS. HEMIPTERA. Shells, or upper Wings, femi-cruftaceous, not divided by a ftraiglit future, but incumbent on each other. Beak curved downward. GENERIC GHARACTER. Antennz longer than the Thorax: ‘Thorax margired. In each Foot three joints. SPECIFIG CHARACTER, AND SYNONYMS: Above black. Beneath black changeable to white. Antennz black, of four joints, half as long as the body: Eyes large, promi- nent. Fore Legs much fhorter than the reft. Cinex Lacuftris, linearis niger, pedibus anticis breviffimis. Linn, Sy/t. Nat. 2. 732.117.—Fab. Spece nf. Fn, Sv. 979. Infectum Tipuladi@um. Bauh. Ball. 213. fig. I. a This Infe& is met with in great plenty on ftill waters, in fummer at runs quick on the furface. - F PLATE 28 Pi Ae CKVIIL. FG. IL. CIMEX ACUMINATUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, AND SYNONYMS. Oval. Olive colour. Antenne ef five joints. Snout fharp. ‘Thorax narrow before. ‘Two brown longitudinal lines from the Eyes to the pofterior margin of the Target. Cimex Acuminatus, &c.—Linn, Sy/t. Nat. 2.723. §9.—Fu. Sv. 939 Degeer Inf. 3.271. 16. tab. 14. fige 125 136 Mufca cimiciformis. Raj. Inf. 56. 6. Met with in May, on the Fern *, We have never found it common. a een Eee * Ofmunda Regalis. PLATE en ee en ai eg ie an cet ae ee M BA VARD 19 p 9%) Pe AT E sCXR PHRHAL ANA: ZICZAC. PEBBLE PRoMINENT Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne taper from the bafe. Wings in general contracted when at reft. Fly by night. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, AND SYNONYMS. Brown and white clouded like an Agate; a large clouded Eye, next _to the exterior margin of the firft Wings; on the interior margin a tuft, or appendage. Antenne feathered. ~PHarazna Ziczac. B, Alis deflexis dorfo dentatis apicibufque macula grifea fubocellari, antennis fquamatis. Sy ft. Ent. 573. 35- Linn. Sy/t, Nat. 2.827. 61.— Fn. Sv. 1116. Geoff. Inf. 2. 124. 29. Merian. Europ. tab. 147. Frifch, Inf. 3. tab. 1. fig. 2 Degeer Inf. 1. tab. 6. fig. 1. 10. Reaum. Inf. 2. tab. 22. fig. g—16. Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. p. 186. 76. This fingular and beautiful Caterpillar is found on the Willow, early in Fune ; itbecomes a Pupa within a fine, br .vniih web, which it {pins between two or three leaves, (as reprefented in our Platg,) late in the fame month; the Moth comes forth in Augu/t. F 2 The 30 PLATE CXIX. The trivia: name prominent has been given to this Infeét, becaufe when ine Moth is at reft the remarkable appendages on the interior margin of the upper Wings form a prominent tuft above the back; we have iix different fpecies of Phalena in this country which have ihe iame character, and are known among Collectors by the feyerat names, Pale, Maple, Swallow, Iren,‘ Pebble, and Cockfcomb, Pro= yuinents ; the lait is common, the reft are generally very rare. PLATE ey VER ent ATE il IMC@Z LIQRARY CAMBRIDGE./MA USA & HARV : rasa a ee eS eS pega ee ee en ee ee Le ee ee ee ae ey ee ee eS a =m ES aye + A f 42.0 ra J Pel A T E-Cxe APIS CENTUNCULARIS, CARPENTER BEE HYMENOPTERA. Wings four, generally membraneous. Tail of the females armed with a fting. GENERIC CHARACTER. Jaws, with a Trunk deflexed. Antenne elbowed in the middle, firft joint longeft. Wings plain. Body hairy. E SPECIFIC CHARACTER, AND SYNONYMS. Black. Body long, narrow. Head, Thorax, and Legs covered with greyifh hair. Abdomen fmooth, beneath covered with tawny hair. Apis Centuncularis, nigra, ventre lana fulva.—Sy/?. Ent. 385. 42.— Linn. Syft, Nat. 2. 575. 4. edit. 10. Geoff. Inf. 2. 410. 5. Scop. carn. 799. Reaum. Inf. 6. tab. 10. fig. 3, 4s Fab, Spec. Inf. 1. 486. 59. _ The wonderful inftin@ that dire&ts the fmalleft Infes to provide for the fafety of their future progeny, never fails to ftrike the attention _ f the inquifitive refearcher into their oeconomy.—To perpetuate their race 32 PL A Tee XX. race is the great end of their being, and the moft aftonifhing effort of their ingenuity and care is employed. to perfect this grand defign. We not only find innumerable eggs, and larvze of Infect on all kinds of plants; in all flanding waters; and in animal matter, when putrid ; but many which can only be hatched from the egg by the warmth of living animals. thus the Tabanus pierces the thick hide of the Cow, and plunges its eggs into the flefh; the heat and moifture of which nourifhes both in the egg, and larva; the Hippobofca equina pro- trudes its eggs into the rectum of Horfes ; and the Ichneumon. into living Caterpillars: to thofe we could add many remarkable inftances of Infeéts, who have fhewn a lower fpecies of perception, by Uepofit- ing their eggs in places where the larve would find abundance of proper food; and with fuch ingenious contrivances for their fafety in a, defencelefs ftate, as we could only expect from the fagacity of larger animals; but it is only our intention to premife with thofe gencral re- marks, left the fubjeét we have chofen for our prefent Plate fhould be confidered as a folitary example of fuch ingenuity, and e¢are towards their future offspring. The Natural Hiftory of tlie Common Bee has been. both fully and ably treated of, by Schirach, Maraldi, Reaumur, Debraw, and other authors of refpectability, and may be fuppofed to be pretty generally known by thofe converfant in rural affairs; the manners, however, of other fpecies of the fame genus has neither been fo fully explained, nor examined ; they yet prefent a fund for the enquiries of the Na- turalift, equally worthy his attention; though lefs beneficial; as the honey they make cannot be converted to our ufe. Among the folitary Bees, fome penetrate into the earth, {coop out hollow cavities; then polifh the fides within, and depofit their eggs, with proper food for the larvae, till it becomes a Pupa. Others form nefts of loofe fand, which they glue together with a ftrong cement 5 thofe nefts are generally formed againft walls that are expofed to the fouth; without, they are rude and irregular, but within are very neatly finifhed, and divided into feveral cells or apartments, in each of which the Parent Bee lodges anegg. Of our prefent, and a few other fpecies, we may fay, i a | « Tay PLA Te oe 33 « In firmeft oak they fcoop a {pacious tomb, “© And lay their embryo in the {purious womb *.” We find this feafon, the Apis Centuncularis has done confiderable injury among the Timber Plantations. in Effex; and we have fimilar information from fome parts of Cambridzefbire. A Gentleman fent me (early in the Spring) a piece of Oak, containing a quantity of the larva, from his plantation at Birdbrook, in Effex. He informs me, feveral Gentlemen in his neighbourhood had found large trunks of apparently healthy Oaks, completely perforated and filled with the larva of this mifchievous Infect ; in many inftances the trunk had been materially injured, and the cafes were arranged as fhewn by the hori- zontal Seétion at Fig. 4, in our Plate——The perforations were in a longitudinal dire&tion, feveral feet through the folid timber, and wher the leaves were frefh, appeared as fhewn at Fig. 1. The Infe& commences its operation at the upper part of the trunk of the tree; then boring in an oblique direction for about two inches et more, it follows a longitudinal courfe, it divides the ligneous fibres, or threads, till it forms the diameter of the cavity, which is about three-eighths of an inch, its depth various ; {ometimes only a few inches, at others, confiderably more ; when the cavity is entirely formed, and all the duft and fragments cleared away, it finifhes the fides perfectly fmooth ; the hardeft knot in the timber being infufficient to refift the ftrength of its jaws.—The cavity, when finifhed, appears divided by flight ridges, placed at the -diftance of about three quarters of an inch from each other; this ferves to regulate the fize of each apartment or cell; and it now only remains to be lined for the reception of the egg: this lining is generally compofed of rofe- leaves; and is applied to the apartments in a very curious manner : _the Parent Bee flies with a leaf to the orifice of the perforation, where | fhe clips it round to the fize of the hole; this is forced to the bottom of the loweft cell; about feven, eight, or ten of fuch pieces form “the firft layer; it next forms the fides, or cylindrical part of the lining ; this is done by laying feveral whole leaves partly over each OE er SS SREP ESO SSS SI * Brookes on Univerfal Beauty, other, 34 Pr AS Cx other, as fhewn in our Plate, and cementing them together with 4 glutinous fubftance; thus the fides and bottom, each confifting of feveral layers, being finifhed, (in the form of a thimble) the Bee partly fills it with a kind of pafte, then throws over it a {mall quantity of leaves, reduced to powder, and depofits the egg ; the covering to the whole is formed of the fame materials, and in the fame manner as the bottom ; when fhe has forced about ten or fifteen circular pieces” of leaves into the avenue and cemented them to the top, the covering is completed, and the egg is completely fecured from accident—The covering feparated is fhewn in the Plate, at fig. 3, the larva, at fig. 2. In this manner fhe proceeds with, and finifhes every cell diftinély, till the perforation is entirely filled: in fome trees forty or fifty fuch perforations are placed within a quarter of an inch of each other.—_ The Bee comes forth late in Auguft ; if the loweft is formed before thofe above, it eats its way up the channel, through their cafes. Mr. Adams, in his Effay on the Microfcope, mentions-a remarkable ~ circumftance of a Bee (we fufpect of this fpecies). ‘ A friend of mine (fays he) had a piece of wood cut from a ftrong poft * that fupported the roof of a cart-houfe, full of thefe cells or round holes, three- eighths of an inch diameter, and about three-fourths deep, each of — which was filled with thefe rofe-leaf cafes, finely covered in at top and ~ bottom.”’ * We learn this poft was fire PLATE ate we tam Aa aya 7h Uy foe Pee TE» COX, CUR CUL LO. COLEOPTERA. | Wings two. Covered by two Shells, divided by a longitudinal future. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne clavated, elbowed in the middle, and fixed in the fnoutj which is prominent. Joints in each foot four. ee FolCG. eee Il. CURCGULIO ZQUATUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Roftrum long, flender, dark brown fprinkled over with bronze # Thorax the fame. Shells reddifh brown. Legs brown, Fab. Ent. Syfte ’ FIG. I. Natural Size. % This Infe& was found in May on the hazel; the fpecies varies in fize, but more in colour. G FIG, 36 PLATE €Xxt. EG ur TV. -CURCULIO PYRL SPECIFIC CHARACTER, AND SYMONLM S. + Snout fhort. Thighs dentated. General colour bronze changes able to yellow red, brown, green, &c. Shells ftriated and punctured, — Curcuuio Pyri. breviroftris femoribus dentatis zeneo fufcus, Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 615. 72. Fn, Sv. 623. Curculie breviroftris, antennis fraCtis rufis, corpore oblengo neo nitido, pedibus rufis *, Degeer Inf. 5.246. 34. s Curculig viridis opacus, pedibus antennifque magis fufcis, Linn. Jt. : Scan. 355 qn<—-acenrso SESS It has been fufpeCted by fome Entomologitts, that this Infect fhould, only be confidered as a variety of Curculio Argentatus. Much of its beautiful appearance depends on the time we take it in; when firft hatched its colours are very rich and highly gloffed with gold, but i | gradually becomes dirty brown, or almoft black. The caufe of this alteration in its appearance is eafily perceived by the microfcope; the firft, or ground colour is dark brown, bu is entirely covered with oblong feales of various beautiful- colours,” particularly of a reddifh gold, or bronze, interfperfed with thofe of green, and brown colour; when the Infect is firft hatched, {cales lay over each other fo as to conceal the ground colour; but as they rub off, or are otherwife injured, the brown becomes the general colour. They vary alfo very much from red, t ® Variat pedibus rufis et nigris, Fad, Spec. Inf 1. 198. 2196 yellow, Bebork TE. OX, 37 _ yellow, or green hues, when firft hatched; and are fometimes found Jate in the feafon, with almoft every fcale rubbed off. Linnzus and Fabricius fay, it is found on Pear trees +, We have met with it on feveral other trees. Found from AZay to September. GV a WO. Cur CULTO: CAPR Ez: SPEBRCAFIC CHARBCTER. Small, black. A longitudinal whitith line down the Thorax. Two waved white lines acrofs the fhells, with a longitudinal mark of browa oneach. Legs black. Curcurio Caprea. Fab. Spec. Inf. 1. 168. 39. SES, This little Infe&t very much refembles Curculio Salicis, both in fize and colours ; but it is fuficiently diftinguifhed from that {pecies by its walking or running ; as leaping is a particular cHaracter of that Curculio. We have never met with more than one fpecimen; found on the Ozier in Fuze. “It is avery beautiful fubject for the Opaque Microfcope ; its mage Nified appearance is fhewn at fig. 6.—The roftrum fig. 7.—Fig. 5. Natural fize. + Habitat in Pyri foliis, in Corrolis declaratus. Linn. G 2 PLATE A A Gas! Oo A é q a 2 5 ks as “y b zs i 4 4 “ wat © BEM ED Pal is. af we alt) fle hoes PARE +) ee ren | oi 4 span, Lie Th. Wa Ege A an 4 . FY. My vate, Ws yes Ce ee eid eee mie . ee eed “lor ee ‘ : zh a A, wo? WaRany” BARVAHD URIs CRSITY CAMBRIDGE. MA USA * > [ 39 ] Bl. A tee CXXIT PhHIN SE LPENOR. ELEPHANT SPHINX, or Hawk-Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz thickeft in the middle. Wings, when at reft, deflexed. Fly flow, Morning and Evening. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, AND SMNONYM Ss. , Wings angular, entire ; firft wings ftriped tranfverfely with greenifh brown, and red. Second Wings red, witha white pofterior margin; black at the bafe. Body red and brown. SPHINX ELpENor. Allis integris, viridi puspureoque variis, pofticis rubris bafi atris. Fab, Spec. Inf. 2. 148. 43. Syft. Ent. 543. 25- Linn, Syft, Nat. 2. 801. 17. Fn, Sv. 1049. Sphinx fpirilinguis, alis viridi purpureoque fafciatis, fafciis linearibus tranfverfis. Geof. Inf. 2. 86. 10. . Roef. Inf. 1. phal. 2. tab. 33. fig. 73. Petiv. Gaxoph. tab. 40. fig. U1. 12. 17. Frifch, Inf. 13. 4. tab. 2. The Caterpillars of this very elegant Sphinx are generally found in marfhy places in Fune and Fuly. They feed on the Convolvulus, Ne 6 Vine, 40 PLATE CXXII, Vine, and fome other plants, but prefer white ladies bedftraw; they caft their fkins feveral times, and when full fed are fome green, and others of a brown colour. The Caterpillars of the female is a fine green elegantly marked with black, as reprefented in our plate; thofe of the male are varied with the fame dark markings, but the colour is a dull brown inclining to black in thofe parts where the females are green, It poffeffes a faculty peculiar to a very few Infects, it can protrude its head and three firft joints to a tapering point; or entirely conceal the head and contract the firft joints, by drawing them apparently into ‘its body. The Caterpillars form a white {pinning among the leaves in 4ugu/?5 remains in the pupa ftate during the winter; the Fly’comes forth Adag following. They are frequently deftroyed by an Ichneumon fly, ali’. Ot, ey GITY CAMBRIDSc. MA USA Eat ra AT E gCXxnk CIMEX PRASINUS. HEMIPTERA. Shells, or Upper Wings femicruftaceous, not divided by a ftraight future, but incumbent on each other. Back curved downwards. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, AND SF NON 7 M & Head, Corfelet and Shells green. Abdomen black above, with a yellow and black margin, beneath pale orange varied into green. Legs and Antenne yellowith. Cimex Prasinus. Linn. Sy/?. Nat. 2.722. 49. Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. 354. 96. Not uncommon in the month of 4ugu/? in woods. Found on the Oak, PLATE ~ re? o-« ~ “> & ef Pe me th ek - Hs sas ee 0, ies i mi | +8 , ‘ Ot ti la : ene : : ’ ; de ihe ¥« j a d. A ok 4 Py - Lue ‘ a p i Mg Tht: MCZ LipnaRy HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE, MA USA Cr —- 124 = = [ 43° 4 ea POE CXR IVY PHALENA ANOSTOMOSIS. Scarce Cuyocorate-trp Morn. | LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. BOMBY X. Antennz feathered. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Firft wings greyifh, with three tranverfe ftripes of dull white. Apex fine chocolate colour. Second wings and body pale brown. PuHatana Anostomosis. B. alis deflexis grifeis, ftrigis tribus. albidis fubanaftomofantibus, tho- race ferruginato. Fab. Spec. Inf. 2 189. 85. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 824. 53- Fn, Sv. 1124. Goed. Inf. 1. tab. 33. A very rare fpecies of Phalena. In the perfect ftate it is feldom “met with; and in the Caterpillar ftate few Colle¢tors are acquainted with its haunts. It feeds on the fallow, willow, and poplar, and may be found fometimes by {tripping off the bark of thofe trees. H Our 44 BL ATS crx: Our fpecimen was taken in the vicinity of Oak-of-Honor Hill, Surry. ‘The Caterpillar was met with when it was ready to fpin its web, in which ftate it is reprefented; its {pinning was formed be- tween the folds of a leaf in the month of O&ober, the Moth came forth in May. The Moth in the upper part of the plate is a {mall {pecimen of the female ; it differs very little from the male, except that the an- tennz of the latter is much feathered, as is fhewn on the back of the leaf. The fpecies is more plentiful on the continent of Europe, and a variety of it is a native of fome parts of North America. A Colleétor of Infe&s in London met with a brood of this fpecies Jaft September, in the Caterpillar ftate, containing more than twenty ; fome were covered with a milk-white down, others inclining to grey, but in general they were like the {pecimen given in our plate. They changed their appearance frequently, and fome were much larger than the reft. “The Moths alfo differ very much both in fize and colour ; fome are dingy, others have the chocolate colour much dif- fufed ; and in general, when the Infe&t is perfect, it is beautifully yaried with a pale bloom of a purple hue. i uli . AEAny CAMBRIOGE. MA USA [> 45a] Pe A T E CxOey, MUSCA SEMINATIONIS. DIPTERA. Wings 2. GENERIC CHARACTER. A foft flexible trunk, with lateral lips at the end. No palpi. SPECIFIC iCHd RACE R. Head and Thorax black-brown; Abdomen black, with very mi- nute fpecks of white. Wings clouded and fpeckled with brown, A yellow ftreak on the under fide of the abdomen. Musca SEMINATIONIS. Antennis fetariis, alis atris cinereo punc- tatis, abdomine bafi fubtus flavo. Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. 452. 90. This fpecies is fometimes met with in meadows, on plaintain, thiftles, &c. in May and June. It is a very pleafing obje@ for the Microfcope, particularly the wings, which are finely reticulated and fpotted. Its magnified ap- pearance is given with its natural fize in our plate. H 2 PLATE MCZ LIBRARY: |. = RO UNDER SITY : Pv a Perla \DGE. MAUS AP wa ey, oh as A Oo be47 peo A TE CXXVE mA LANA, RUMICIS. BrRaMBLE MorThR. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general contracted when at reft. Fly by night. e ON O.€ Turd. Antennz like a hair. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Firft wings grey, marked with pale black ftreaks and clouds, with ‘am eye in the middle, and two white fpots on the anterior margin. Second wings pale brown. Puatrzna Romicis. N. criftata, alis deflexis cinereo fufcoque variis litura marginis tenuioris alba.— Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. 238. 143. Puarana Romicis. fpirilinguis criftata, alis deflexis cinereo { bimaculatis, litura marginis tenuioris alba. Linn, Syft. Nat. 2. 852. 164.— Fn. Su. 1200. Merian. Europ. tab. 82. Alb. Inf. tab. 32. Wilk. pap. 26. tab. 3. a. 1. Degeer Inf. 4. tab. 9. fig. 2 st The Caterpillar of this Moth are ufually found on the Bramble, from which it has received its Englifh name; it is not, however, wholly confined to that food, as we have fed it on grafs and other Plants indifcriminately put into its breeding-cage. It paffes to the chryfalis ftate in September; the Fly appears in May. PLATE aw aye btn = emai et, = NE ALTO FIO AS : ree BS ees MCZ LIPRARY BARVARS Waly EXSY CANGAIDSE, MA USA 127 PEAT. EE CXXvit PoP E'S fF I Sige UT Crs. COLEOPTERA. ® GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne taper, the length of the thorax: Head half concealed. y SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Head and thorax fine blue. Shells upper half changeable green 5 lower part reddifh purple. Burrestis SALicis: elytris integerrimis viridis nitens, coleop- teris aureis bafiviridibus. Fab. Gen. In/. Mant. p. 237. Bupreftis elegantula, Schrank. Inf. Aufir. n. 365. p. 195. Cucuius rubinus. Fourcroy. Ent. Paris. T. I. n. 4. p. 33: Le Richard rubis. Geoff. Inf: Paris F. [. p. 126. Geputzter Stinkkafer. Weiden-Prachtkafer. Panz. Faun. Inf. Germ This uncommonly beautiful Infect has been defcribed as a native of Algiers in Africa, a figure of it is given in the work of Olivier, and another in Panzer’s Hiftory of the Infects of Germany ; we find it alfo defcribed by Fourcroy and Gesffrory as a native of France, but cannot learn that it has been confidered as an Englifh {pecies before this time. We were not fo fortunate as to take this Infect, it was commu. nicated by a perfon on whofe veracity we can rely: he found it on the bark of an old willow tree, between Dulwich Common and I Norwood, 52 PL A, T Esp CXXVI. Norwood, on, or about the 8th of June, 1794. As we know the precife {pot where it was taken, we fhall attend to it particularly next feafon, and the earlieft intimation of fuccefs, fhall be given through the medium of a future number. When we confider how much the ftudy of coleopterous Infeéts has been neglected in this country, even by thofe who have purfued with unremitting perfeverance almoft every other branch of Ento- mology, we cannot be much aftonifhed that fuch a minute Infe& as the Bupreftis Salicis fhould have efcaped notice ; add to this, we car ~ fcarcely doubt that it is very rare in this country, and probably live, concealed in the crevices of the tree, or under the rotten part of the bark. ‘The number of new Infeéts that have been difcovered in this country within a few years *, renders it not improbable, that future Englith Entomologifts, by extending their enquiries, may find mary more of the fpecies that are now met with in the northern, and per- haps even fouthern parts of Europe. - Fig. 1, natural fize. Fig. 2, its magnified appearance. * * Among the rarities met with laft fummer, we may particularly mention the Pha- kena Delphinii, Peafe Blofim Moth. This very beautiful Infe&t was taken by a Gentle- man at Chelfea; it was never afcertained before to be an Englith Infe@. PLAT & ae we ees | ‘ ; " j ; + ; pale oh a? ot oF ae Ee SWIG ZEEIBE 4 RY Maia i, * HARVARD Ui. CORY | ey ee CAMBRIDGE. MA USA, , ve eee; aie Fa ‘4 ia ee AE at 8 be i oe ’ : ./" aa ¥: . : : | | | i ene Ay: 4) a ah) Hays Aoi 7 " y - ] ‘i aa ; | fie | Me nk tg F wr : | RRO 6 me ‘4 a 4, : “ . | | if j w : : oe ae i} b -sm ] FLA T‘E CXXVEE. EPHEMERA VULGATA. ComMMON EpHEMERA, or May-F ty. NEUROPTERA. Wings 4. Naked, tranfparent, reticulated with veins or nerves. Tail without a fting. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz very fhort. Two protuberances before the eyes. Wings erect. Second pair fmall. Two or three tails like briftles, Short lived. SPECIFIC: GHARACTER. Wings reticulated, brownifh with five or fix brown fpots. Body yellowifh, with black fpecks. Three tails. EPHEMERA VULGATA: Cauda trifeta, alis nebulofo maculatis. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 906.1. Fn. Sv. 1472. In the larva and pupa ftate, this Infect is found under loofe ftones at the bottom of fhallow pools ; in the winged ftate it frequents the water. We have feveral fpecies of this genus in England. The Ephe- mera Vulgata, is the largeft among them. A very diflinguifhing character of them is the fhortnefs of their lives, which feldom ex- ceeds a few hours. In the month of May thefe Infecs are feen in great plenty on the water, where they are greedily devoured by the fith ; anglers fay, when the large Ephemera appears, the trout will fnap at no other bait, than the artificial fly made after its form.— In fome fpecimens the wings are more clouded, and the tails longer than in others. J 2 PLA Ts feriveee 1) os 4 1s NERDS te axaM sgt PE ee caaateane 4 i 19 cele Le alli erates Tie >a 2 yt sy hea Dp ty pat nai? pas ' owe i ‘al di t be alt! Ko a fs Lait “— ry Ch Gael tedaed ot oe 979 ar oR ard ; ' : ah +. a “~ . Re oe , , wiley Seas | pi aap # 7 4: roe . = “ . " } pai f I a *HRTHORGN ‘ } s 7) ae ag ee ay oN gut ns , , ; eee ee C ry Pont age me on (Guar A AD a yy ‘hk 3. ale. ‘a som aoe ‘i A3 ie aft gag 1, ‘and idaho , cae eis. 7% i any ; wy i gag anid We pe 1. an ea sy f,' eee Hovigegt, “Sah op Wei ‘Usenet ac We able in - atisodk ‘otk et a 6) whe? ‘gabites Foe {e fits: aie hes ete nyt inh . ae, er sig me iu at gordi ets fly. ae, ¢ teneign ad WALT eNO een | vigil “aa cole 7 ; ye tte alate ht Sane aiid 900 ancl ied i jhanine ridge ais a ane ef carly MCZ BIPRARY, A HARVARD | INI ERSHTY CAMBRi DGE. MA USA i 129 fogs: ¥ Paar iy B. «Ck ah PaoG.. Ld, as Pon Ak aN A. fA SDA A ARGENT AND SABLE MorTH. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general contraéted when at reft.. Fly by night. *#*GEOMET KZ. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. White, beautifully marked and {potted with black. PHaLana Hastara: feticornis, alis omnibus nigris albo macu- latis, fafciis duabus albis nigro pun@tatis haftata dentatis. Linn, Sy/?. Nat. 2. 870. 254. fn. Sv. 1276. Phalena antennis filiformibus; alis latis albis fafciis undulatis ma- culifque haitatis nigris. Degeer. Inf. Verf. Germ. 2. 1. 334. 7. tab. 8. fig. 20. Clerk. phal. tab. 1. fig. 9. Kleman Inf. 1. tab. 44. EE a ER The Argent and Sable Moth is fearce in the Fly ftate : though its young caterpillars are not uncommon in fome parts of Kent; we have 56 PL, Aree XXIx, have met with feveral about the narrow lanes in Darent-wood, Dart- ford, in April, or early in the month of May. It is however very difficult to breed them ; they generally die in the pupa ftate, or be- fore they caft their laft {kin when caterpillars; from feveral fpeci- mens taken during the three laft fummers, we have only had one Moth produced, and that fo crippled, as merely to enable us to af- certain the {pecies. | The fmall Caterpillars are of a dark purplifh colour, when nearly full fed they have a yellow under fide marked with black, with the back purple ; before they change to the pupa ftate, they become almoft brown, They remain only a month in the pupa ftate. “The Moth appears about the middle of June.—Food, white-thorn and alder. PHALANA ANASTOMOSIS: Bor. IV: Since the publication of the laft Number, we have been favoured with a moft beautiful fpecimen of the Moth figured in the 124th Plate of this Work, and prefent a figure of it to our fubfcribers, together with the feveral changes of the Phalzna Haftata; it will fhew how very liable this Infect is to variation in its colours, fize, &c. We find alfo that though this Infe&t has been named Phalena Anaftomofis in the moft fcientific Cabinets in London, and always received as fuch by the belt authority, it is not the Infect referred to by Fabricius in his Species Infectorum under that title; that Author, as well as Linnzus, refers under the fpecific name Ph. Curtula to the 43d Plate of the third Volume of Roefel’s Infects ; in this Plate is figured a Moth which is certainly a fpecies diftinét from our Infeét, and is well known by its Linnzan name Curtula, or Englith title Chocolate Tip ; yet Fabricius gives-an addi- tional reference for the fame fpecies to the 11th Plate of Roefel’s fourth PLATE CXXix. 57 fourth Volume of Infeéts, and in this we find the figure of a Moth whofe markings and general appearance correfpond with our fpeci- men, though its colours are totally different, being a very pale grey with fcarcely any dark colour near the apex of the wings ; the larva .much more refembles our figure, and induces us to conclude, that though the figure of this laft Moth is fo extremely different, it is probably intended for the fame fpecies as our Infe& ; and therefore that the two diftinét fpecies have been confounded together, by a falfe quotation of Linnzus’s Amanuenfis. And we are partly confirmed in this fuppofition by the words of Linnzus himfelf ; he fays, Ph. Anaftomofis is very like Ph. Curtula, but the Moth figured in Roefel’s plate, and referred to in the Syno- nyms under Anaftomofis, does not bear the leaft refemblance to it ; —our Infe&t on the contrary, though evidently a diftinct {pecies, is not unlike it. PLATE ar "\bent tea » SAD, “s eres OR i, ee eer % : ry: Rta i" : ay “ H | ee uh i ees " me hy, | ae ‘ a: | 4% = ¢ i ; i 2 ; ‘ ‘ 4 , bi * : 5 } 7 =. j > sae bets a i | a i: ty bt ioe he ) ] i i.” So | sale ya SbeAladaidis he r ; , hve. cw vn ant bait 9 . wa besey (29% 8 ip api Kp: ain $i oo iat Zz ld yo :¥ e = @ ic ae alee S : 4 8 bskie are) els, { ae anoint aes et 13 sult fe rng” 1H asldits ; . . fy : \' i i ani Yc xi ipa ‘Biotic MerBiR Yi iow 1S Ot veh of | diel adi kG Arges ee 2) ‘. a | Motznsls ts ee Sates j ‘ye ‘oft ake serst ate tod fi * d. avesiuagiora) 220 4 ka ieee bidisios aga my ich. vast vy mh 3 i ; ys 4\: rs oe y i Wee nN yore ies slistei« ae ee a Saks Nas in ' ar y§ bd vs day » pes gen et sontlogmpd eds. ct: borers ae sf fs A® Mia hut A adil viav @ ered yr’ rk aid ai ‘ ony’, iio ai G1 hovers hus siete dtep He 0 as eee ) ‘ p82, git oe esas I by Pest Sey i i yd for ened os) sel i ‘i geivogh Bavlib.e ehaabins sagas (HTD ot ts : any « ay Ee pide, ’ ri. wis 2 ‘ oe fs rae 4 - ae e 4 ; 7 mig‘, MK o : ‘ fatite: LOK " : a: Ae vy. Bue id ; } bt f t ty i , Why 4 ' * iy Ad oo Cneahty: Vy f- . ‘ ve hy Ya ; et ’ i nay Spe tig d ie rr sf oT Omer ee * ¥ 6) 2) ee eo. ee sents TREN ; j ; ’ ’ re tad , he % ‘ eet Lae oe te oT bt 7 : ‘ ' teata? j jis : . * P + 1 \ be ’ . ; - e ; Re ‘ E> 59; 3 1 NG Vs Bie EN Sb... 4.9 GRYLLUS VIRIDISSIMUS, HEMIPTERA. Shells, or upper Wings, femicruftaceous, not divided by a ftraight future, but incumbent on cach other. Beak curved down. GENERIC CHARACTER. Head maxillous, and with palpi. Antennz filiform. Wings folded. Hind Legs ftrong, for leaping. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Head, Thorax, and Wings green, without fpots. Antennz very Jong. GryLuus VirIDISssimus: thorace rotundato, alis viridibus imma- culatis, antennis fetaceis longiffimis. Linn. Syft. Nat. v. 1. p. 430. 38. edit. 10. Locusta VIRIDISSIMA: alis viridibus immaculatis, antennis lon- giffimis. Fab. Sy/ft. Ent. 286. 22.— Spec. Inf. 1. 359. 23. Locufta viridis cantatrix viridis immaculata, thorace rotundato, cauda feminz enfifera recta. Degeer Inf. 3. 428. Agrigoneus. Lift. Goed. 301. tab. 121. K This 60 PLA © met CXXX: This Infe& is larger than the great green Grafshopper, (Gryllus werrucivorus) or any other fpecies of the genus we have in this country ; unlefs we notice the Gryllus Magratorius, which is well known for its depredations in many parts of the world, but is rarely met with in England. The prefent fpecies is perhaps not uncommon in many places, but it is very difficult to difcover its hiding-places in the day-time ; its chirp is fometimes heard in acalm Summer’s evening, about fun-fet, iffuing from the bufhes where it is concealed; and from which it feldom ventures tiJ] night; it continues its chirping at ins tervals till morning. The female feems to prefer a warm, and rather moift fituation, to depofit her eggs in, and this is commonly the fide of a bank that is expofed to the fun ; but is well covered with grafs and other herbage to keep it moift. She is furnifhed with a fharp double edged fheath, like a fword, with which fhe opens the ground in a perpendicular direction ; firft fcooping out a convenient cylindrical aperture, and then widening the lower part into a fpacious apartment for the re- ception of the eggs. See Fig. I. ~ When the Infect burfts from the egg it is very minute, and with- out Wings ; in this {tate it nips the tender fhoots of grafs, &c. It foon increafes in fize and aflumes the pupa form; in which ftate though the Wings are not perfect, their rudiments appear next the Thorax: it continues in this ftate till it has nearly acquired its full fize before the Wings burft open from the protuberances. Our fpecimens were taken in Batterfea Meadows ; in the egg {tate early in April; winged ftate in June, PLATE sv at dh if ee a eer ore eT, te hae : Lee a Sy OPAL PUR, Ae T -E. .\GXXXE, TABANUS CAECUTIENS. DIPTERA. Wings two. GENERIC CHARACTER, Antennz conic, of four fegments. ‘Trunks flefhy, terminated by two lips. Palpi, one on each fide of the Trunk. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Eyes brilliant, green with black fpots. Thorax brown with yellowifh lines. Body bright yellow with triangular black marks, anterior margin, and center of the Wing black, Tasanus CAECUTIENS: oculis viridibus nigro punétatis, alis ma- eulatis. Fad. Syft. Ent. n. 18. p. 790. Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. 27. p. 459. Tapanus CaEcurIENS: oculis nigro-punctatis, alis maculatis.— Linn. Syft. Nat. 17. p. 100l. ed. 13. nN. 17. p. 2885. Faun. Suec. n. 1888. Tabanus fufcus, abdominis lateribus pedibufque flavis, alis maculis fufcis. Geoffr. Inf. 2. n. 8. p. 463. Tabanus nibulofs. Harris Inf. Angl. tab. 7. fig. 5. Mufca bipennis pulcra, alis maculis amplis albis pictis. Raz. Inf. pe 27% Le Taon brun, a cotes du ventre jaunes, et ailes tachetées de noir. : Geoffr. Die buntaugichte Breme. Panzer’s Deut[chlands Infeien, (Fo. — Faun, Inf. Germ. , K 2 En 62 PLAW EY GXXXI In the months of June and July, or earlier in forward feafons, this Infe& is found in great plenty in the lanes and {kirts of: woods ; and are very troublefome to perfons or animals who pafs through fuch places in the middle of the day: they conceal themfelves in the ~ crevices of the bark of trees, or among the foliage till about an hour before noon, when they come forth. in great plenty, and fettle on the hands and face, or other thinly covered parts, and dart their fharp pointed trunks or probofcis into the flefh : we have obferved the fting of this Infe&t to be moft fevere about mid-day, particularly when the fun fhines bright, and emits much heat ; a difagreeable fenfation continues in the ftung part for fome time, and is generally fucceeded by a large tumor, and a flight difcharge of pungent fluid before it difappears entirely. ‘To explain more minutely the ftru€ture of the trunk, we have given a figure of its magnified appearance at Fig. III: the outer coat, or fheath, terminates at its extremity, in two lateral, moveable lips, and contains a longitudinal, horny, convex blade ; the acute. point of which is concealed between thefe lips: this interior tube, when examined with a Microfcope, appears to confift of three others, exceedingly fharp at the points; and are ufed by the Infe& as lancets to lacerate the flefh when it feeds, while it pumps, or fucks up the blood and moifture from the wound, through the capillary tubes with which feveral parts of the trunk are furnifhed. It feeds in the fame manner on Infeéts, but chiefly on thofe in the larva ftate. The fpecies is not uncommon in Germany, France, Italy, and moft warm parts of Europe: alfo received from Georgia, in North America. Fig. I. Natural Size. Fig. II. Front View of the Head mag- nified, with the Eyes and Probofcis; the former are moft beautiful microfcopical objects when the Infeé& is alive, but turn brown after -it dies. PLATE _ MCZ LIBRARY HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDSE. MA USA / 5/3 [ 63 ] Pil A LB GX NTS PHALHNA LUNARIA. BEAUTIFUL THoRN-MorH. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings, in general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Antennz feathered. Wings angulated, indented ; a junar {pot near the center of each. General colour, pale red brown, clouded and fpeckled. Kleman Inf. 3. Fab. Spece Inf. 2. 245. 18 2 We have been furnifhed with the larva of this extremely rare Infect in a fingular manner: a wafted fpecimen of the female was taken in the Summer of the year 1794, and depofited a quantity of eggs in the box in which it was ftuck ; thefe hatching fome time after, a great number of young Caterpillars were produced ; feveral of a full fize, paffed to the pupa ftate, (in a reddifh web fpun on the leaves) and four fine Moths came forth laft Summer. The eggs were very minute, perfectly globular, and of a pale greenifh colour: the clufter confifted of more than feventy, and few of them proved abortive ; but fome of the largeft Caterpillars de- youred 64 PLA TED CXXXI. voured the reft, and many others wandered from the food, and fo perifhed. The Moths were far fuperior for the beauty and richnefs of their colours to any fpecimens we have feen before; but this is not remarkable, as moft of the fpecimens preferved in Cabinets near London, have been taken in the winged ftate. It feeds on the lime ; is found in the Caterpillar ftlate in Auguft ; the Moth appears in June. Is fometimes taken in the interior part of Darent-Wood, Dartford; and rarely elfewhere near London. It has been met with alfo at Feverfham, in Kent, on the Elm. Kleman, in the laft volume of German Infeéts, lately publifhed, has given three figures of this Moth; but has neither figured the Caterpillar nor Pupa. Fabricius is the only fyftematical Writer who appears to have noticed it. PLATE — Cz LiIRRARY BARUARD UNIVERe tty - CARBALIGE, MA USA ~ wv ce Gr: Nin Pee AT EF CxO Poe AL EN AP Soe Grey Dascer-Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings, in general defiexed when at reft. Fly by night. Noé@tua, Antennz fetaceous. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONTMS. Firft wings and body grey; on the former three or four black marks, in the form of a dagger*. Second wings pale brown, with a flightly fcalloped margin. PHavtana Pst: criftata, alis deflexis cinereis, anticis lineola bafeos characteribufque nigris. Syf. Ent. 614. 104.—~ Fab. Spee. Inf. 2. 235. 129. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 846. 135. Alb, Inf. tab. 26. The Caterpillars of the Grey Dagger-Moth is frequently found en fruit trees; particularly on the cherry: it feeds alfo on the willow and poplar, and on almoft all plants indifcriminately when confined in the breeding cage. It is not an uncommen Infe&: the Caterpillars change in September, remain in the chryfalis flate during Winter, and the Moth appears late in May, or early in June. * Or like the Greek ()) Pj; from which it receives its {pecific name. L PLATE MCZ Lee CITY HARV’ 2D 2 ¢ CAMBRIDGE. MA USA av [h 69m PLA T.E CXXXIV. PHALANA PLANTAGINTS. SNA LL kal CoE LR. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC, CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when -at reft. Fly by night. Bombyx antennz of the male pectinated or feathered. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Firft Wings yellow, fecond Wings orange colour ; both clouded with black. Body orange and black. PHALANA PLANTAGINIS elinguis. alis deflexis atris, rivulis flavis, inferioribus rubro maculatis. Linn. Sy/?. Nat..2. 820. 42.—Fn. Su. 1132. ~ PHALANA pectinicornis elinguis, alis deflexis, fuperioribus fufcis, maculis luteis, inferioribus rubris, ma- culis quatuor nigris. «Geof. Inf. 2. 10g. Io. Phalena Alpicola. Scop. carn. 507- Wilk. pap. 24. tab. 3. ds 5 Roef. Inf. 4. tab. 24. Fab. fpec. Inf. 2. 196. 115. L’Ecaille brune. Geofr. Der Wegerichfpinner. Die fpanifche Fahne. Die befchleierte Barenphalene. Panf. Fauz. Inf. Germ. L 2 This 70 PLATE UCXXxIv. This fpecies feeds on nettles, chickweed, plantain, grafs, &e. The Caterpillars very much refemble thofe of the large Garden Tiger Moth*, except in fize; they change into chryfalis about the middle of April, and appear in the winged ftate the latter end of May. We have not found this Infeé& fo plenty as the Ruby Tiger Moth t, and it is infinitely more fcarce than the great Garden Tiger Moth, figured in the early part of this Work. A variety of this fpecies, with crimfon under wings, is found in the Eaft Indies and in America. The under wings of the female, in the European fpecimens, are much redder than in the male. * Bhal. Caja. + Phal. Fuliginofa. PLATE MC7 LISRARY dt On HARVARD UNIVERSETY, ee a | CAMBRIDGE: MA .USA® a Eto Po aw dE CXR, CIMEX SPISSICORNIS. HeEMIPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. _ Antennz longer than the thorax. Thorax margined. In each foot three joints. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Antenne very large. Head, thorax, and fhells, pale blackifh brown. Feet yellow. CIMEX SPISCICORNIs: oblongus niger, pedibus flavis, antennis incraflatis. Fabri. Gen. Inf. Mant. p. 300.— Sp. Inf. 2. 207. p. 372 Die borftenhornige Wanze. Panz. Inf. Germ. er ee The fingular ftru€ture of the antennz of this minute Infect, re- commends it to particular notice.- ‘They are nearly as long as the body, and in the thickeft part are very bulky; hence it has received the fpecific name Spiflicornis, or large horned Cimex. It is not uncommon in fummer; flies amongft bufhes or low herbage in the day time: the lower wings are of a very beautiful purple colour, and give a blackifh hue to the outer wings when folded 72 PL A Tap CXR, folded under them. The larva we fufpeét has not been figured, i noticed, before, and for this reafon we have given it of the natura fize at fig. 1. and its magnified appearance at fig. 2.—at fig. 3. th natural fize of the perfect or winged infect; fig. 4. the fam magnified. Found in the larva ftate in May, was fed on grafs, the winge Infect appeared June 19th. PLATE MCZ LIZRARY He bh ae EAST, CANBRIOGE. MA USA wien | Fic al., BE: CRRA Pik oN A HE XA De asen ry LA Many-FEATHERED Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. ' GENERIC CHARACTER, Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. * PTEROPHORUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. - Wings divided into Feathers, yellowifh and grey, with brown Spots. Phalana Hexada@yla. Linn. Sy/t. Nat. Poatana HexapacrTyY_us, alis fiffis cinereis, fingulis fexpartitis. Fab. Spec. laf. 2. 312. 7.—Syft. Ent. 672: 1. Reaum. Inf.1. tab. 19.—Fig. 19. 2%. frifch. Inf. 7, tab. 73. Among an almoft endlefs variety of fpecies, which the tribes of Infects prefent, few have a more fingular appearance than the little creature we have felected for our prefent fubje&. It is perhaps one of the moft curious pieces of natural mechanifm (if we may be allowed the expreflion) that can be conceived, for of a moft com- plicated fabric which the wings appear, every part, though feparate, * Fabricius M acts 46 P LAW BoeCxx Xvi. acts in perfect unifon with the reft ; in moft winged Infects we find the tendons of each wing united by ftrong membranaceous webs, which prevent any one from acting without the others, but in this every tendon muft perform a diftin& part, and yet perfectly in conformity with the reft to affift the Infect in its flight. When the Infect refts the feathers fold over one another ; but when it flies, they are thrown open, and refemble a ful! expanded fan. The natural fize of this fingular creature is given at Fig. x. and as a more correct figure than can be fhewn in fuch a fmall compafs was thought neceflary, its magnified appearance is reprefented at Fig. 2a The plumes of this Infect differs fo much from thofe of other Moths, that we have alfo added, at Fig. 3, the appearance of the upper part of one, as feen by a very deep lens of the Microfcope ; by this the ftem or quil is obferved covered with fcales of the form ufually found on other Moths, but the fides are finely feathered with long hairs, in tufts, alternately of a light and dark colour, and which, owing tq the minutenefs of the Infect appear like patches of an uniform’ colour, before it is examined with the Microfcope. This Infe& is not uncommon in Summer, it flies about hedges in the evening. PLATE ae eee Ro ip RL ea) CAMBRIDGE.'MA USA, ‘ iia Pai AT ES CORKVIE PH A GaN A 8G. RY 'S 1... 1S, BurNIsHED Brass Moru. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the Bafe. Wings in general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. NocTua. Antennz of both fexes filiform. . SPECIFIC GHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Firft Wings brown, with two tranfverfe broad waves of greenifh gold on each. Second Wings blackifh grey. Wings margined. _ Poatana Curysitis Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 843. 126. Noétua criftata, alis deflexis orichalceis, margine fafciaque grifeis. Sy/ts Ent. 606, 69.—Spec. Inf. 2. p. 226. 9X. — Fabricius. Phalena {eticornis fpirilinguis, alis deflexis ferrugineo fufcis, fafcia duplici tranfverfa viridi aurea. Geof. Inf. 2. 149. 97. Phalena antennis filiformibus, dorfo criftato, alis deflexis grifeis, fafciis duabus aureo viridibus. Degeer. Inf. Vers. Germ. Wake SE Loe Merian. Europ. tab. 39. Albin Inf. tab. 7%. fig. a. bic. de Shaff. Icon, tab. 101. fig. 2. 3 M 2 The 48 PLA TB. Cxxxvil. The pencil can produce but a feeble and inadequate imitation of the metallic fplendour of this beautiful, yet common Infect. The upper Wings have the appearance of fine burnifhed brafs, changeable in different direétions of the light to green, brown, and rich golden hues ; the under Wings are of a blackifh colour, and ferve as an admirable contraft to the more brilliant and varied teints of the upper Wings. The Thorax is crefted. Berkenhout has given a very falfe defcription of the Caterpillar of this Infect, he fays it is ‘* {mooth, orange with white f{pots;’’ we think it neceflary to note this error only as it may miflead young Colie&ors, who have no other affiftant than his Synopfis, by which they can determine the Species, when in the Caterpillar ftate. It is aftonifhing how he could poflibly be led into this error, when Albin, Fabricius *, and all preceding authors on Entomology, have defcribed it fo plainly. It feeds on Nettles, and other Plants, growing among ‘the low herbage by the fide of banks; in fine feafons there are generally two broods of them from May, to June in the following year; the firft are found early in May in the Caterpillar ftate, appear in June in thé winged ftate; Caterpillars are full fed again in July, the Moths come forth in Augutt. * Larva folitaria, gibbofa, viridis albo ftriata. Fabricius. PLATE ) * © , ‘ : . Ms te 4 Ff j iy 7 2 \ ee “| WCZ IRRARY ae he iy ae WARY) 0D USIVERSH ‘Beit ae aeDicuaee CAMSRIDGE. MA USA i ee 3 aS tw7904 PEA TE “CXXXVie, BEG. 1. Ta. GCASSEDA NOS TL TS) COLEOPTERA. Wings two, covered by two fhells, divided by a longitudinal future. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz knotted, enlarging towards the ends. Shells and Thorax bordered. Head concealed under the corfelet. SPECIFIC .CHARACTER. Greyifh Green; on the center of each Shell a ftreak of gold, which dies with the Infect. Body beneath black. Cassipa Nosixis: grifea elytris linea coerulea nitidiffima. Linn. Syft, Nat. 2. 575+ 4- Oliv. Inf. 97. tab. 2. fig. 24. Raj. Inf. 107. 7. This fpecies is far lefs common than Caffida Viridis. Itisavery . beautiful Infect ; but, like moft other minute fpecies, appears with infinitely more advantage in the Microfcope for opake objects ; in- deed, without fuch affiftance, it is impoffible to perceive the beauty of that part by which it is diftinguifhed from every other fpecies of the fame genus we have in England, the lines of fine gold and blue, which are feen on the middle of the Shells. When the Infe& is alive, it is of a pale greenifh colour, inclining to brownifh grey, and along the middle of each Shell appears a fplendid ftreak, or line of gold, margined with a fine pale fky blue, alternately varying into green, and gold. By the Microfcope we | alfo 80 PL A T WY CRXXVOL alfo difcover many minute punétures, and feveral waved lines and ftreaks, which defcend along the Shells from the bafe, and unite near the apex. | Its colours are more or lefs beautiful as the Infect is healthy or fickly ; and as it dies, the colours gradually perifh; the fplendor of gold is no longer vifible than life is retained, it changes to green ; from green to a brown, which fcarcely appears through a faint tinge of blue, and in a few hours it changes altogether to a rufty brown colour. This Infe@t is admirably protected from external injury by the fingular form of its Thorax and Shells, which are alfo fo large as to conceal every other part when the Infect walks. The natural fize is fhown at fig. 4, (upper fide.) Fig. 2, under fide. Fig. 3, upper fide magnified. | Bo Gey. CHRYSOMELA, BANKIL CoLEOPTERA. ~ GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne knotted, enlarging towards the ends. Corfelet mar- gined. SPECIFIC CHARACTER Body oval. Head, Thorax and Shells, purplifh olive colour, changeable, with a bronze appearance. ‘Bencath, reddifh brown, or te{taceous. , CurysoMELA Bankil: ovata fupra znea fubtus teftacea. Fads Entomologia Syftematica. T. 1. 310.16. This is a very rare Infe& in England. It refembles Chryfomela bicolor in fize, and colour of the Head, Thorax and Shells; but it may be readily diftinguifhed from that f{pecies by -the teftaceous colour of the under fide, that part being wholly of a violaceous colour in C. bicolor. Found in May on a thiftle. . 9 PLATE, CXXXVI, Ss pcb Ge.) Vi, av CPCADA DIL AT Aw A, HEMIPTERA. Shells or upper Wings, femi cruftaceous, divided by an oblique future, and incumbent on each other. Beak bent down. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper. Shells membraneous. In each foot three joints, Hind legs {trong for leaping. . SPECIFIG CHARACTER. Entirely brown, pale with faint whitifh and dark lines, a {mall black fpot on the center of each wing. A figure of this Infect is given in Villers’s Entomology as a native of France; in this he follows the authority of Fourcroy, who has a defcription of the fame fpecies in his Catalogue of Infeéts, found in the environs of Paris. This laft author calls it Le Cigale renflée, from its puffed or {welled appearance. ‘The name given by: Villers is Cicada dilatata. The confufion made by Babricius, in his alterations of the Lin- naan genera, renders it doubtful whether he has defcribed this Infe@, though, frog its being commonly found in moft parts of Europe, we mutt fuppofe he has not paffed over it without notice: we have examined his laft work, (Entomologia Syftematica, &c.) and cannot find an Infect anfwering our fpecies with any reference either to Fourcroy or Villers, we therefore prefer the fpecific name given by the latter author. Is found in June; and is lefs common than any Infect of the fame genus hitherto given in this work. PL Aer G b.: eo ta _ ' % ' 5 Li % Rea , 5 Oe art Park ; ; { ‘ " 7 ’ 7". t ‘ anes ee ty a | J & . ¥ * , ¥ “y Fd 44% wy i nf Lug " \ , J ' > 4 i] _ 1. wat | oh ‘ Mos = As : ‘ : , ' ‘a i ’ B | . 4 Pee ¥ = : : ‘ by , ¥ ' i P a 2 4 i. . ey 5 yi i : j S421 I cf t % 4 4 " ‘ ; * ; Vim F F > 4 , 7 ary 4 ; { aed . / yw a AY f ( - eiekak y . ¥ ‘og _ aA ' * 8 ry 7 eae 2 nM we : * TRE 8, ae i .céaly é i Q a ‘. F " wy 4 ~ “ way ‘ x : { ‘ 4 ry. ow ate Rey ‘ oo) Was £ ay Avs Be SPR Ste) eee meray sy std tad } } 1: rh ee Ne fs ' ( - ‘vg ei 2 a a 4 P ¥ . . Co se uO ate * an ‘ ‘oe | ye REY we ene ‘a? F ie P, fe)! * mi , a x at rs 4 be 2 ¥ 4 r ~ x 4 5 . ey eRe lt petew 4 Bie De laf BS iy 7 ; : Cree ee rmbt ala) cae ane id f ie A 4s , y ‘ + 4 ; 7 , ; ) is ‘ -, j ~ A ; \ MCZ LIRRARY | HAR YARD -UNIVESCITY CAMBRIDGE. MA USA il [aa moe AT EE Cee PHALENA METICULOSA, ANGLE-SHADES MoTH. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings, in general deflexed when at reft, Fly by night. © * Noctua antennz like briftles in both fexes. SPECIFIG CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Firft Wings pale reddifh colour, with a broad triangular brown fpake in the middle. Second Wings palifh, with dark waves ; margin of both Wings indented, Phalzna Meticulofa. _Phalena Meticulofa : Linn, Syft. Nat. 2. 845. 132.—Fn. Sv. 1164. alis deflexis, erofo dentatis, pallidis, anticis bafi incarnata, triangule fufco, Fab. Sy/, Ent. 608. 78. Phalana feticornis fpirilinguis, alis deflexis margine erofis cinereo fufcis, fuperioribus triangulo marginali fuf- cefcente, incarnatum includente, ° thorace gibbo. Geof. Inf. 2. 151. 84, Merian. Europ. tab. 24. Albin Inf. tab. 13. Reef. Inf. 4. tab. 9. Degeer Inf. 1. tab. 5. fig. 14. Goed, Inf. 1. tab. 56. N The 84 PL A Teer ex Xxx, The Phalzna Meticulofa certainly exceeds many other Infe@s of the fame tribe for elegance and fimplicity; the variety of teints fo delicately, indeed almoft infenfibly foftened into one another, and neatnefs of the waves and lines interfperfed over the whole, amply compenfate for the defe€tion of more gaudy colours. In the cater- pillar ftate it is fcarcely lefs deferving attention’; the yellow fpecks on a beautiful, yet lucid green, have a very pleafing effet. ‘The web it fpins round its pupa is of a fine white colour, and filky tex. ture ; the pupa within of a blackifh chocolate colour. This fpecies is fometimes met with in plenty, though lefs fo in fome feafons than in others ; and not unfrequently is more abundant when the feafon appears moft unfavourable. It feeds on nettles chiefly, but we have found it on feveral other plants; and once on a young oak, in Kent; the leaves of which we fed it on fome time, In the caterpillar ftate it is found in April, changes to the pupa ftate in May, the Moth appears in June. PLAT & ’ ‘ ; : Re igs } | as boca B a : hy, . | ¢ 4 eens: Ve MGZ LIS TERY PME 8 HARVRRD UN VERSHY pce CAMBRIDGE. MA USA | » , 14:0 iz l PA TB EXE: SCARABA US FASCIA EUS, YELLOW BEETLE. ; CoLEOPTERA. Wings two, covered by two fhells, divided by a longitudinal future. GENERIC GHAR ACTER. Antennz clavated, their extremities fiffile. Five joints in each foot. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Head, Body, Thorax, black : covered with long, yellowifh hairs. Shells pale yellow, with three tranfverfe black ftripes on each. Ab- domen longer than the Shells. SCARABZUS FASCIATUS f{cutellatus muticus niger tomentofo flavus, elytris fafciis duabus luteis coadunatis. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2.556.70. En. Sv. 395, Tricuius fafciatus: niger tomentofo flavus, elytris fafciis tribus nigris abbreviatis. Fab. Sy/ft. Ent. 40. 16 —Spec. Inf. 1. 48. N°T. Scarabaus niger hirfuto flavus, elytris luteis, fafciis tribus nigris in- terruptis. Geoff. Inf. 1. 80. 16. N 2 Drury 86 PLA T ESGx.. Drury Inf. i. tab. 36. fig. 2. Degeer. Inf. 4. tab. 10. fig. 19. Voet. Scar. tab. 5. fig. 43. = In Germany this Infect is not uncommon: we believe it is very gare in this country. Found generally on umbelliferous plants. PLATE oP) eu aaa.) Die SY CON ee : t : , H; : ; By Chg ‘ MCz LIERARY 4 Jon ts Ven. CAMBRIDGE. MA USA aeons po] Pies lr Eocene PHALHNA DOMINULA. SCARLET TicGER Motu. LEPIDOPTERA. : GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne taper from the bafe. Wings, in general contracted when at reft. Fly by night. Bombyx antenne of Male feathered, Female fetaceous. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Firft Wings black gloffy green, with orange and white fpots. Second Wings and Abdomen fcarlet, with black fpots. Phalena Dominula: alis incumbentibus atris, maculis albo flavef- centibus, pofticis rubris nigro maculatis. Fab. Syft. Ent. 583. 93.—Spec. Inf. 2. 200. , 130. Phalzna Dominula. Noétua fpirilinguis levis, alis depreffis nigris : fuperioribus czruleo flavo alboque, inferioribus rubro maculatis. Linn. Sy/?. Nat. 2. 509. 68 edit. 10. cr 7 Psormerly this beautiful Moth was found in great abundance at Charlton in Kent, but within the laft two or three years moft of the broods 8$ P L.A Tae ex. broods have been wantonly deftroyed, and they are now feldom met with. In the caterpillar ftate they feed on nettles and hound’s- tongue *, changes to the pupa {tate about the middle of May, and in June the Moth comes forth. © Cynoglhffum officinales PLATE MCZ LIBRARY HARY 95° UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE. MA USA — nn os “a i ese PAA Ten Oe EP EGa et MUSCA AURATA. DIPTERA. Wings two. GENERIC CHARACTER. A foft flexible trunk, with lateral lips at the end, no Palpi. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Head brown. Thorax polifhed, greenifh, or braffy. Abdomen flat, obtufe, brownifh gold-colour. Legs yellowifh ; Feet brown. Mufca aurata: antennis fetariis nitida thorace eneo, abdomine obtufo aureo. Fabricius. nt. Syft. Vol. VI. 335. a7 Mantiffa. Vol, IT. p. 347. No. 63. This Infe& has been only noticed in the latter writings of Fabri- cius. We have not found it uncommon in the fummer upon the leaves of Fruit trees ; and particularly on fuch as grow againt{t a fouth wall: they fly brifkly about noon, when the fun fhines. O F 1G. 92 PLATTE XUL F.1-G. “Tea. Musca SEMI-ARGENTATA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Eyes brown. ‘Thorax green; changeable to filver. Abdomen - filvery, with fhades of bright yellow, and grey, and fome tranfverfe freaks of black, very changeable. Mufca femi-argentata. Marfham’s MSS. We do not find that this rare and beautiful Infe& has been de- fcribed either by Zinneus or Fabricius. It was taken a few years fince in Epping Foreft by Mr. Bentley, an eminent Collector of Englifh Infeéts, and noticed by Thomas Martham, Efq. Sec. L.S. in his Manufcript Notes, under the fpecific name Semi-argentata. Several {pecimens of it were taken laft June in Epping Foreft ; ex- cept them, we have not heard of any being met with for fome time. Fig. 2. natural fize. Fig. 3. magnified. PLACES Lae ‘ sf Ve oy uae, j | nN \ Bees $) Oe Piogem Ep A TB. CXEME PAP LLEIG. ARGUS. Common Brive BurrerFty. LEPIDOPTERA, GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz knobbed at the end. Wings, when at reft, ere&t. Fly by day. ‘ | SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Male upper fide fine blue with white margins. Female dark brown, with a patch of blue on the middle of each wing. Underfide of both fexes lightifh brown, with black and red fpots. Papilio Argus : alis ecaudatis, pofticis fubtus limbo ferrugineo ocellis coeruleo argenteis. Fab. Sy. Ent. 525. 346.— Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 789+ 232. Fn. Su. 1074. Rae. Inf. 3. tab. 37. fig. 3—5- De Geer Inf. aif Ta 1S. Wilk. Pap. 63. t. 1. a 1. Merian. Europ. tab. 153. Schaff. Icon. tab. 29. figs 3. 4- rrr Though this beautiful Infe@ is very common in fome places in the Butterfly ftate, we,have never met with it’s larva, nor with any account of it that appeared fatisfatory. In that ftate it feems fcarcely known. It is faid, by fome Colleétors, to be a plain green Cater- pillar, with very few hairs, bulky, and broadeft acrofs the middle. It certainly feeds very low among the thickeft grafs, or perhaps like QO 4 forme 94 PLAT Es GXL. fome larve of Moths, never comes above the furface of the ground, and lives on the roots of grafs. ~ ‘The Male is of a fine blue colour on the upper fide, and elegantly marked on the under fide with white circles, having a black fpot in the center of each: the wings are alfo bordered with fimilar fpots, marked with a vermillion colour. ‘The Female has very little ap- pearance of the fine blue of the Male: the upper wings are of a dull brownifh black, with a bluifh colour on parts, and marked with a few red and black fpots: the underfide as in the Male. They feem to delight in Meadows, and, like all other Butterflies, are on the wing only in the day time. The firft brood appears in the Fly ftate in June. PLATE rel Cc mrt Bal ; / yf a pW Vi ted oh Hon Yh oe iO Mw my RIVERSITY MA USA LEE Bit yh — [ B71 PoL A Tee. CXLIV. PHALANA VIRIDANA. SMALL GREEN Oak Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings, in general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. ** Tortrix. Linn. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Firft Wings pea green. Second Wings dufky. Phalzna viridana. Pyralis. Alis rhombeis, anticis viridibus imma- culatis. — Fabricius. Syft. Ent. 656. 4.—Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 875. 266. Phalena feticornis fpirilinguis, humeris latis, antennis flavefcentibus, . alis dilute fufcis—Geof. Inf. 2. 171. 123. Reaum. Inf. 2. tab. 18. fig. 6. 7. Roef, Inf. 1. phal. 4. tab. 1. Frifch. Inf. 3. tab. 8. ' Early in July we find this fpecies flying about the narrow paths and lanes in woods where Oaks are plenty. It is obferved to fhelter itfelf in the day time, generally among fuch trees as have the foliage thick 96 PL A. TWP eXLiv. thick and the bark covered with mofs, &c. and very feldom among young trees. In the Caterpillar ftate it lives concealed “in a fine filky web, fpun up on the leaves. When it is difturbed it drops by a fingle thread from one branch to another, the glutinous fubftance of the thread adhering wherever it touches, fo that if it is damaged in any part the Infect is in no danger of falling, unlefs the laft faft- ening breaks off. The Caterpillar changes to the pupa ftate early in June: the firft appearance of the Moth is commonly about the end of the fame month. In England we have another {mall Moth (Phalena Chlorana) which at firft fight may be miftaken for Phalena Viridana. It differs from this Infeét in feveral refpects ; the under Wings are whiter, and the ftripe along the anterior margin of the upper Wings incline more to a cream colour than in our prefent fpecies ; the Caterpillar alfo is very different and feeds on the Willow. LINNEEAN* mt NaN EE AGN! iN eT X TO V OLE ly, COLEOPTERA. Plate Fig. Scarabzeus Fullo - - = 112 — fafciatus, Yellow Beetle : 140 Caffida nobilis - - tf 138 nreezy Chryfomela Bankii - ~ =: ib. 4. 4 punctata - = = IIL I. 2. fanguinolenta - - ib. aa coccinea one - ib. 5.0, cerealis ~ - = IIs Curculio aequatus - - - 121 Lec2: pyri = - - ib. 3.4. — caprez - - - ib. ie Or ye Buprettis falicis - - - 127 He Vi PE RA: Gryllus viridiffimus - - 130 Cicada dilatata = = = 138 5. Os Cimex acuminatus - - 118 2. prafinus - ~ “ 123 fpicicornis - - 135 lacuftris - - = 118 te LEPIDOP.-. LN) Bee xX. LEP LD. O-P Tae Rea. " Plate Fig. Papilio podalirius, Scarce Swallow-tail Butterfly 109 Papilio argus, Common Blue Butterfly - 143 Sphinx chryforrhoea, Golden-tail Sphinx * 110, ———— elpenor, Elephant Hawk Moth - 122, Phalzna ziczac, Pebble Prominent Moth = 119 crategi, Oak Egger Moth - riz meticulofa, Angle Shades Moth - 139 ——— dominula, Scarlet Tiger Moth - 141 coflus, Goat Moth - - 114 plantaginis, Small Scarlet Tiger Moth 134 r ——— anaftomofis, Scarce Chocolate-tip Moth ie —— rumicis, Bramble Moth = 126 ——— pifi, Grey Dagger Moth 2 133 chryfitis, Burnifhed Brafs Moth - 137 haftata, Argent and Sable Moth - 129 Te 2. B lunaria, Beautiful Thorn Moth - 132 ——— pentadaétyla, White Plume Moth -. A736 : hexadactyla, Many-feathered Moth - 136 ————= viridana, Small Green Oak Moth’ - 144. NE UROP TERA. i’ phemera vulgata, Common Ephemera, or May Fly 128 Hemerobius hirtus - - 113 * Not defcribed before. HY MEMOP- HYMEMOPTERA. Apis centuncularis, Carpenter Bee re Mutfca aurata Mufca femi-argentella ‘Tabanus czxcutiens PON “Die xe Dui PRA. = Plate I20 142 142 131 Figi ALPHA- Fis (rae al SAT, me ae J Joa arn ee Pen a = ge BAB ATF 9 E % ME PEABE TECGAL ENDEX TO VOX; IV: acuminatus, Cimex aequatus, Curculio anaftomofis, Phalzna, Moth Scarce Chocolate-ti Argus, Papilio, Common blue Butterfly Aurata, Mufca Bankii, Chryfomela cecutiens, Tabanus caprez, Curculio centuncularis, Apis, Carpenter Bee cerealis, *Chryfomela chryfitis, Phalena, Burnifhed Brafs Moth chryforhza, Sphinx, Golden-tail Hawk Moth coccinea, Chryfomela coffus, Phalana, Goat Moth crategi, Phalana, Oak Egger Moth dilatata, Cicada dominula, Phalena, Scarlet Tiger Moth elpenor, Sphinx,’ Elephant Sphinx faciatus, Scarabeus, Yellow Beetle Fullo, Scarabzus haftata, Phalena. Argent and Sable Moth hexadactyla, Phalana, Many-feathered Moth hirtus, Hemerobuis lacuftris, Cimex Plate 118 121 124 129 143 142 138 131 121 120 II5 137 116 ey 114 117 138 141 122 140 112 129 136 113 118 Fig. 2» I. 2. 5017. T No Dig, Plate Fig. _ Junaria, Phalzna, Beautiful Thorn Moth E 613¢ meticulofa, Phalana, Angle fhade Moth = 139 nobilis, Caffida - - ~ 138 ay ae pentadactyla, Phaleana, White Plume Moth 110 pifi, Phalena, Grey Dagger Moth - 133 plantaginis, Phalena, Small Scarlet Tiger Moth 134 podolirius, Papilio, Scarce Swallow-tail Butterfly 109 _ ' ptafinus, Cimex - - - 123 pyri, Curculio = = - 121 1.4, 4. punétata, Chryfomela = - IIt aay rumicis, Phalana, Bramble Moth - 126 falicis, Bupreftis - wi _ 127 fanguinolenta, Chryfomela - = III 3. 4. femi-argentata = - pe 142 Qe Zs fpicicornis, Cimex - - 135 viridana, Phalzena, Small Green Oak Moth 144 viridiffimus, Gryllus oe é 130 vulgata, Ephemera, Common Ephemera, or t pa May Fly - - ziczac, Phalazna, Pebble Prominent Moth 11g ERRATUM to: Vor: IV. Prare CXXIV. for Phalwna Anoftomofis, read Phalena Anaftomofis, : tbe is Sane Ri q Neat