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THE,
NATURAL HISTORY

Gul: |
BRITISH BIRDS:

OR, aA

SELECTION or rue MOST RARE, BEAUTIFUL, anv INTERESTING
Bl ee DS

WHICH INHABIT THIS COUNTRY:

THE DESCRIPTIONS FROM THE
melos TEM wZoIN AT OR A

Oo F

Ey aN. a Ou Ss:

WITH
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS,

EITHER ORIGINAL, OR COLLECTED FROM THE LATEST
AND MOST ESTEEMED

ENGLISH ORNITHOLOGISTS;

AND EMBELLISHED WITH
Bye G 2U °R ES;

DRAWN, ENGRAVED, AND COLOURED FROMTHE ORIGINAL SPECIMENS,

bY, ED ON OV.AN,

V O°Le* V.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR; AND FOR F. AND C, RIVINGTON;
No, 62, ST. PAUL’S CHURCH-YARD. 1798

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PHASIANUS COLCHICUS.

COMMON PHEASANT.

GALLINA.

Bill convex: the upper Mandible arched. “Toes connected by a

membrane at the bottom. ‘lail feathers more than twelve.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill convex, fhort, ftrong. Head carunculated with bare flefh on

the fides. Legs (moftly) furnifhed with {purs behind.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

e 5

SYNONYMS.

General colour reddifh. Head blue. Tail long, wedge fhaped.

Membrane of the cheek warted, and of a bright red colour.

Puasianus Cotcuicus: rufus, capite ceruleo, cauda cuneata,
genis papillofis. Lath. Ind. Orn. 2.
629. 4:
Gmel. Syft. I. p. 741.

Phafianus Colchicus. Linn. Syft. I. p. 271. 3.

- Brun. Orn. 58.
Frifch. pl. 123.
Olin. uc. p. 49. .
y A 2 -Pheafant.

PLA TE €.
Pheafant. Rai Syn. p. 56. A. 1.
Will. orn. p. 163. pl. 28.
Alin tl. Wr a5. 26.
Le Pailan. Brif. Orn. 1. .p! 262.7.

biiffe Oife 2B. 228. plo Al
Pi nl tO wie 2%

That mind which is inclined to admire the wonders and beauties
of creation, will paufe to examine with more than ordinary attention,
a bird, in which nature has difplayed an elegance and variety of co-
lours, fufficient to arreft the admiration of ancient philofophers ;
and furnifh them with the happieft fimile to abafh human often-

tation *,

Perhaps, there are few tribes of birds in which nature has been
more profufe of her ampleft colouring than that of the Pheafant.
The common fpecies as we now confider it in this country, notwith-
ftanding its beauty, is inferior in that refpect to two others that are
alfo found at large in fome of our woods. ‘Ihe Ring and painted
Pheafants are far more richly decorated, and thefe may probably be
as abundant in future generations as the Common Pheafant is at
prefent. The variegated Pheafant is beautiful, and the {carcely ex-

ampled delicacy of the White kind renders it an interefting variety.

# « When Creefus, king of Lydia, was feated on his throne, adorned with royal
«< magnificence, and all the barbarous pomp of eaitern fplendour, he afked Solon if
«© he had ever beheld any thing fo fine! The Greek Philofopher, no way moved by
*¢ the objeéts before him, or taking a pride in his native fimplicity, replied, that after
« having feen the beautiful plumage of the Pheafant, he could be aftonifhed at no
* other finery.” Burron.

The

7 BLAS EE Ch

The beauty of all thefe varieties are, however, eclipfed by the |

Argus Pheafant ; and probably, were we better acquainted with the

Phafianus fuperbus, and fome other gigantic Chinefe {pecies*, we

might place them among the moft brilliant of the feathered race.

At what period of time the Pheafant was introduced into this

Country, it is impo%ble now to afcertain. ‘They have, in all pro-

bability, been long naturalized in this Country. Some of our do-
meftic fowls, it is fuppofed, were introduced more than two thou-
fand years ago, Cefar noticing them. Whether this circum-
{tance may aflift conjecture, concerning the introduction of the
Pheafant, we dare not prefume to determine. Pheafants were firft
brought into Europe from the banks of the Phafis, a river of ancient
Colchis, in Afia Minor: at prefent it is found throughout Europe, in

a wild ftate. It has not hitherto been difcovered in America.

The female is fmaller than the male ; the general colour, brown,
variegated with other obfcure colours, the tail is fhorter than in the
male; and the fpace round the eye, which is bare in that fex, is

covered with feathers in the female.

They breed like the Partridge, on the ground. Lay from twelve
to fifteen eggs, fmaller than thofe of the hen, and of a paler colour

than thofe of the Partridge. “The young follow the females like

Chickens.

Several authors have noticed a circumftance of this bird, which

furprifing as it may appear, is by no means peculiar to the Pheafant

* Colonel Davies has a drawing of the tail feather of one of the Chinefe fpecies of
Pheafants, which is fix feet in length.

AY 3 only.

e

Pay A oT OE ae

only. After the hen has done laying and fetting, the plumage of the
female becomes like that of the male, and fhe is then entirely neg-
leGted by him. Salerne, Edwards, and others, have mentioned this
of the Pheafant, Guinea Hen, Rock Manakin, &c. and Mr. a
Flonter hada paper in the Philofophical ‘TranfaGtions on that fubjec.
Latham obferves, that it does not always require mature age to give

the hen Pheafant the appearance of the male,

PL A TE

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PLATE CIL

ANAS ALBIFRONS.
WHITE FRONTED GOOSE.

ANSERES.

Bill obtufe, covered with a thin membrane, broad, gibbqus below
the bafe, {welled at the apex. Tongue flefhy. Legs naked. Feet
webbed or finned.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

’ Bill convex above: flat beneath: hooked at the apex';:and befet

with membranous teeth.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Ath coloured, front white. |

Anas ALBIFRONS. Cinerea, fronte alba,

Gmel. Syft. I. p. 509.

Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 842. 27.
Anas Erythropus. Lin. Sy/t.—Faun. Suec. 166. (fem.)

Georgi Reife. p. 166.
Anas Septentrionalis fylveftris. Brif. 6. p. 269. 3-
Laughing Goofe. Edw. pi, 153.
A 4 White

Pr A TOE, CH,

White Fronted Goofe. Br. Zool. No. 268. pl. 94. I. (the head)
Arét. Zool. No. 476.
Lath. Gen. Syn. Vol. 6. p. 463. 2%
L’Oye Sauvage du nord. Brif. Av. 6. 269. 3.
LOye rievfe. Buff: Orf. g. p. 81.
Polnifche Ganfs. Kram. 339.
Vild Gaas. Brunnich.

The length of the White Fronted Goofe exceeds two feet; the
weight is about five pounds. It has neither beauty of colours or
elegance of form to render it an interefting fpecies. “Vhe white
{pace on the forehead is the moft ftriking peculiarity of the bird, and
its name is fufficiently charateriftic of that part, to diftinguifh it
from every other Britifh fpecies of the Duck tribe. It is found in
the fens in {mall flocks, during winter, and migrates in March. In

England it is rather uncommon.

Linnzus confidered the White Fronted Goofe as the female of the
Bernacle Goofe, of which credulity has reported fo much, and we
may think naturalifts have faid too little; for it feems yet, but doubt-
ful with fome Ornithologifts whether the opinion of Linnzus be
wholly unfounded in truth or not, though they have ventured to fe-
parate them into diftinct fpecies.

As many kinds of the Duck tribe inhabit the lakes and forefts of
Lapland, and other arctic regions, during the breeding feafon, it is
difficult in fome inftances, to diftinguifh the mere differences of fex
or age from fpecific diftinctions. The bernacle of which the white
fronted Goofe has been fuppofed the female, were believed about
two hundred years to be bred on the coaft of Scotland; but thofe

who

Pie Te. CH.

who afferted this, declared alfo, that they were generated out of dee
cayed wood, or were hatched in the fhell of the Lepas Antifera, a
marine production very common in thofe parts. It has feveral
membranous branches or arms, and at the end of each, ts fituated a
" multivalve fhell. The feathered beard of the fith hanging out of the
fhell, were the fuppofed feathers or limbs of the young Tree Gee/e,
as they were called by the projectors of this whimfical hypothefis.

PLATES

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Pic ATE. CL

FRINGILLA CARDUELIS.

GOLDFINCH.

PASSERES.

Bill ftrong, pointed. Noeftrils oval, broad, naked.

GENERIC CHARACTER.
Bill ftrong, conic, ftraight, fharp.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYrTMS.

-Wings marked in the middle with yellow: the tips white. Tail
black: moft of the feathers marked with a white fpot near the end.

FRINGILLA CARDUELIS. remigibus antrorfum luteis, extima
. | immaculata, rectricibus duabus extimis
medio reliquifque apice albis. Lath:
Ind. Orn. T. 449. 58.
Lins SyfFls p. 318. 7.
Gmel. Syft. I. p. 903.
Klein. p. 365. I.
Schaef, El. Orn..t. 24.
| Frifch.

PPA et. Een:

Frifch. t. 0.
Muller, No. 258.
Faun. Arag. p. 87.
Merian Inf. t. 173.
GOLDFINCH, OR THISTLEFINCH. Br. Zool, 2. No. 124.
Aréi, Zool. 2. p. 283.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. p. 281.
Ruffel. Alep. p. 10,
Will, Orn. p. 246, #. A6,
Albin. [. t. 64.
Raii. Syn. av. 89.
Le Chardonneret. Buff: Ors. 4. p. 187. t. 10.
Pi, Ele tf. 1
Grif ave %. 52.
Cardellino, Zinnan. Vou. p. §8. 1.8. 47.
Cardelli, Olina. 10.
Stiglitza, Faun. Suec. fp. 236.
Stiglitz, Kram. 365.
Scopoli. 211.
Stigeliz, Wirfing. Vog. t. 9. and 306

Re cncrni TIE AIREDEasae

Amongft the common birds that inhabit this Country, the Gold-
finch claims a decided preference to our attention. It would be fu-
perfluous to expatiate on the beauty of a bird fo well known, and
difficult to add any information to its general hiftory, that has efcaped

the notice of ornithologifts.

The Goldfinch is found throughout Europe, and in many parts of
Africa and Afia. ‘The varieties of it are numerous, Latham men-

tions

Pie AcT E. Ci

tions no lefs than eight kinds. One of thefe is like the common
fort, except the fore part of the head, which is red, and about the
eyes white. Another, fuppofed to be a mixed breed with the Lark,
has a flefh-coloured bill, irides yellowifh; head, throat, and neck
Black, fpotted with red near the bill; breaft, back, fcapulars, and
rump yellowifh brown; belly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts,

white.

Inftances of Goldfinches wholly white fometimes occur; one
fpecimen of that kind is preferved in the Leverian Mufeum, and
another, in which thofe parts only, which are red in the common
fort, have a gloffy tinge of that colour. A third fort in the fame
collection, is white except the crown of the head, which is mottled
with red, and a crefcent of the fame colour under the throat ; the

wings are yellowith.

Goldfinches of the oppofite extreme of colour are not uncommon.
Some are entirely black with a flight trace of red about the head, in
others even this trace is obliterated. Birds that are fed on hemp feed,
of which the Goldfinch will eat freely, often become entirely black.
Buffon mentions one, in which the head only was of that colour.
Willughby and Ray defcribe a variety that had no red on the head,
but a faffron-coloured ring furrounded the bill. Brown has another,
with the head ftriped alternately with red and yellow. Buffon and
Briffon have a fort, in which the wings and tail are brownith afh-
colour: and that part dingy, which in the common fort is yellow.

In young birds of the common fort the head is grey.

The neft of the Goldfinch is curioufly conftructed of mofs, liver-
wort, thiftle-down, &c. and lined with wool, hair, and the down of
the

Pa ANTLERS Cie

the fallow. It lays five eggs, of a whitifh colour, and marked with

deep purple {pots.

Thefe birds breed twice in a year. In winter they aflemble in
flocks. Generally frequent places where thiftles grow in abundance,

being particularly fond of the feeds of thofe plants.

PL Aste

LO]

PLA 2B’ CIV.

RALLUS AQUATICUS.
WATER. RAIL.

GRALLZ.

Bill roundith. ai entire, flefhy. Thighs naked. Toes
divided.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill compreffed, incurvated. “Tongue jagged at the end. poor
¢ompreffed. ‘Tail fhort. “Toes four divided to the bafe.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS.

Wings olive-brown with black fpots. Sides of the lower part of
the belly marked with white.

Rattus Aquaticus. Alis grifeis fufco maculatis, hypochondriis
albo maculatis, roftro fubtus fulvo. Lath.
Ind. Orn. 2. 755. I.
Rattus Aquaticus. Linn. Syft. I. p. 262. 2.
Gel. Syft. I. p. 712.
Scheffe

Prep. T. BE Civ.

Scheff. El. t. 60.
Muller, No. 219-
Scop. Ann. I. No. 155.
Klein. av. p. 103: 2.
Gallinula aquatica, Mars. Dan. v. p. 68. t. 32.
Gallina ferica Gefneri, Raz. Syn. p. 114. A. 4.
Ralla aquatica. Aldr. av. 3. 179.
Gallina Cinerea. Gefner. av. 515.
Water Rail, Bilcock. |
Brook-Ouzel. Br. Zool. 2. No. 214. te 75.
Albin. As t. 79.
Will. Orn. p. 314.
Lé Rale d’eau, Buff. 8. p. 154. #. 13.
pl. enl. 749.
Brif. av. 151. tab. 12. fig. %
Waffer henni. Kram. 348.
Jord-Koene. Brunnich, 193.

This is the only fpecies of its genus we have in Britain. Briffon
and Linnzus place it with the Land Rail or Crake, and Ray with
the Water Hens. Pennant obferving the difference between the ef-
fential characters of the two latter tribes, and that of the Water
Rail, conftitutes a new genus of our fpecies. “The Water Rail is
diftinguifhed by its flender, compreffed and incurvated bill. The
Crake (Gallinule) by the bafe of the upper mandible reaching far
upon the forehead, and being membranaceous: the bill is alfo thick

at the bafe, and floping to the point.

The

PUA) Bey.

The length of the Water Rail is twelve inches, breadth fixteen:
inches, weight four ounces. It frequents the rufhy and fheltered
_ fides of rivulets and ponds, among which it can conceal itfelf from
danger. It is avery fhy bird. Flies indifferently, but walks with

great celerity, and has been feen to run on the furface of the water

when there has been any weeds to bear it up *.

The Egg is more than an inch and an half in length; of a pale
yellowifh colour, marked with dufky fpots.

* Latham,

B PLATE

105d

PLA Te Ve:

FALCO OSSIFRAGUS.

SEA EAGLE.

ACCIPITRES.

Birds of prey. Bill and claws ftrong, hooked, an angle in each

margin of the upper mandible. Body mufcular. Females larger

than the males.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill arched from the bafe, which is covered with a wax-like

membrane or cere.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS,

Cere and legs yellow; the latter feathered half-way down. Body

brown. ‘Tail marked on interior webs with white,
Farco Ossirracus: Lin. Syft. Nat.

Fatco OssirxaGus: cere lutea pedibufque femilanatis, corpoge

ferrugineo, rectricibus Jatere interiore albis.

Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. pe 12. Je
Cc \ Halizetus

P LAP EB ey.
Haliatus feu Offifraga. Raii. Syn. p- Je.Ner 2.

Haliztos. Turnert.
Sea Eagle. Will. Orn. p. §9. ¢. 1.
Br. Zool. i. p. 167. t. 17.
Lath. Gen. Syn.
Bone-breaker, Kolb. Cap. 2. p. 127.
Le Grand Aigle de Mer. Brif. Orn. 1. p. 437. No. 9.
LOrtraie, Buff, Oif. 1. p.: 112. £. 3.
Le Grand Aigle de Mer. Pl. enl. 415. (fem.)
Gaas Orn. Brunnich. 13.
Bein-brecher, Offifraga.

Meeradler, Fifch-arn, Haliztos. Gefn. av. 201. 203.

‘This fpecies is little inferior in fize to the Golden Eagle. The
length is three feet fix inches; it is a ftout bird, and is armed with
formidable talons: it may be diftinguifhed from the Golden Eagle by
the legs, which are, for half their length, bare of feathers in the Sea
Eagle: the legs of the Golden Eagle, on the contrary, are feathered

to the toes.

It inhabits moft parts of Europe. In thefe kingdoms it is found,
in Scotland and Ireland ; and fometimes, though rarely, in England.
Our fpecimen ‘was fhot in the Hebrides. It is obferved of this
{pecies, that it grows much larger in North America than in Europe.

In Ruffia and Siberia it is very common.

This Bird lives chiefly on Fith, which it takes in the fame manner
as the Ofprey. It is fuppofed that the Eagle mentioned by Kolben,

1S

4

Ft Pee CY.

is this fpecies; he fays, at the Cape of Gocd Hope it feeds on the Land
Tortoifes, which it carries into the air to a confiderable height, and,
by letting it fall on fome rock, dafhes the fhell in pieces, that it may
more eafily pick out the flefh.

C2 PLATE

106

PBA T EY CVI.

BO LBC. Ay Ad BA.
COMMON COOT.

GRALLE.

Bill roundifh. Tongue entire, flefhy. Thighs naked. Toes

divided.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill fhort; from this a callus extends up the forehead. Noftrils

narrow. ‘loes furnifhed with a broad f{calloped membrane.

WEE CIIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

A thin fkin covers the fore-part of the fkull. Body black. Feet
lobed or fcalloped.

Furica atRA, fronte calva, corpore nigro, digitis lobatis. Lx.
Sy/?. Nai.

FULICA ATRA, fronte incarnata, armillis luteis, corpore nigricante.
hath. tnd. Orns 2.9797...

Fulica recentiorum. Gefner. av. 390.

C3 | Com-

Peis DB Oey,

Common Coot. Raii. Ops. LTO A
Will. Orn. p. 319. pl. 59.
Albin. I. pl. 83.
Pon. Br. Lol. No. 220, $1, 99:
Aré?;, Loal. Nov 416.
Lath. Gon. Syne G. 275.1.
— Suppl. 259.
La Foulque, ou Morelle, Brif. Orn. 6. p. 23. 1. pl. 2 fig. 2.
Buff. Oif. 8. p. 211. pl. 18.—Pl. enh 197.
Folago o Polon. Zinan. 108.
Blas-klacka. Faun. Suec. [p. 193.
Lifka. Scopoli. No. 149.
Kleiner Bloefsling, Gunth. Neff. u. eg. t. 29.
Danis Vand-Hoene,

Bles-Hoene. Brun. 1go.

Thefe Birds are common in the fummer throughout England, and
are fometimes met with in the winter: it frequents feveral northern
countries, fuch as Sweden, Norway, Ruffia, Siberia, Greenland, &c.
It is alfo found in Jamaica, in Carolina, and other parts of North

America.

It frequents the borders of ponds and lakes, and makes its neft
among the reeds, grafs, &c. The neft is large, and contains fourteen
or fifteen, fome fay twenty eggs, two inches and a quarter in length,
of a pale brownifh white, fprinkled with minute chocolate-coloured

_ Spots, in a very regular manner.

The

wa AY E CVI:

The food confifts of fmall Fifh and water Infeéts, grain, roots of
plants, &c. which it takes partly by diving into the water. The
adult birds are as large as a {mall fowl. The colour of the fkin on
the forehead, Briffon fays, is of a full red; Latham fays it is white,
‘except in the feafon of incubation, when it is not of a full red,

though it is tinged with that colour.

C4 | PLATE

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107

PL A TCR CVI.
COLUMBA OENAS.
STOCK PIGEON.

PASSERES.

Bill conic, pointed. Noftrils oval, broad, naked.
GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill foft, ftrait, Noftrils half covered by a naked fkin. Toes
divided to their origin.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Bluifh. Back of the neck fhining green, changeable. “Two fmall
black bars acrofs the wings. End of the tail black.

Cotumsa CENnas. Bank, Syf?. Nat.

Columba Cénas: cerulefcens, cervice viridi-nitente, dorfo poftico
cinereafcente, fafcia alarum duplici apiceque
caudez nigricante. Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 589. I.
Columba, lignorum proprie, Klein. av. p. 119. 8.—ld. ov. p. 33.
Stock Pigeon, or Stock Dove. Br. Zool.—Ar&. Zool.
Albin.

PIA YT EV evie

AWS 2: 1b. AG.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 4. p. 604. 1.—Suppl.

p: 197-
Le Pigeon fauvage, Brif. Orn. I. p. 86. No. 5.

oe
Yt is the opinion of Pennant, that all the beautiful varieties of
Pigeons, fo highly efteemed by Pzgeon-fanciers, are def{cended origi-
nally from one fpecies, the Steck Doue. Latham has, with confider-
able induftry, arranged thefe fancy varieties under their Linnean fpe-
cific names, which Pennant has omitted. Briffon imagines that the

Roman Pigeon, Columba Hifpanica of Linneus, has given birth to all

thefe varieties.

That kind called the Carrier, is much celebrated for its particular
attachment to its native place. It was anciently ufed in many eaftern
countries to convey letters with expedition ; at prefent the cuftom is
not fo general. ‘foinville {peaks of them in the crufade of St. Louis
to Paleftine; and Za/fo in the fiege of Jerufalem, &c. ‘The cuftom ©
of conveying letters by means of thefe Birds, may be traced to a very
early period. It is not only related of them, but of Swallows, by
Pliny and Elan, that they were employed on fuch fervice; and the
earlieft poets, who generally intermingled fome truth with their alle-
gory, made the Dove the mefflenger of the lover, and emblem of
innocence,

“<< Gentle Dove,
«« Whither fly’ft thou from above ”

‘¢ From Anacreon, faieind, I rove,
Bearing mandates to his love.”
Anacreon, Ode 9, to Bathyilus.
7 Ail

Pa ATT ER CVi,

All writers on Egypt mention the vaft number of Pigeons that are
bred in that part of the world, where they proverbially conftitute a
great portion of the poor hufbandman’s eftate. In Perfia alfo they
are bred in immenfe numbers. ‘They are altogether a pleafing and

feful fpecies in whatever country they are domelticated*.

In a wild ftate thefe Birds have two broods in a year; in a ftate of
confinement, fometimes three. They ufually lay two eggs at a time,
and fit from fourteen to feventecn days before the young are hatched.
They migrate in vaft multitudes into the fouth of England at the
approach of winter, and return again in fpring. “They frequent

woody places, and commonly build in the hollows of decayed trees.

* Their dung is ufed for tanning leather, is a valuable manure for the land, and is
employed in medicine: formerly faltpetre was collected from ite Itis ufed for many
other purpofes by diftant nations.—-Vide Lath.

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PLATE CVIIL.

MOTACILLA LUSCINIA.
NIGHTINGALE,

PASSERES,

Bill conic, pointed. Noftrils oval, broad, naked.

° GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill flender, weak. Noftrils fmall. Exterior toe joined at the

under part, to the bafe of the middle one.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.
Reddifh above, beneath dirty white. ‘Tail red-brown.

Moraciitra Luscinia. Linn. Sy.
SyitviA Luscinia: rufo-cinerea fubtus cinereo-alba, rectricibus
fufco-rufis, armilliscinereis. Lath. Ind. Orn
2. 500. I. |
Sylvia Lufcinia. Scop. ann. 1. No. 227.
Nightingale, Raiz Syn. p. 78.
Will. Orn p. 220. pl At.
Albin. 3: pl. 53.
Ruf.

PLATE CV:

Ruff. Alep. p. 7.

Penn. Br. Zool. No. 1. 145.

m——— Ard. Zool. 2. p. 416. 2.

Lath. Gen. Syn. 4. 408. 1.—Suppl. 180.
Le Roffignol. Belon. av. 335.

Buff. 5. p. 81. 1.6. f. t=Pl, eal. 615. 2:
Slauz. Scopoli. No. 227.
Nachtergahl. Faun. Suec. Sp. 244.
Nattergale. Brun.
Nachtigall. | Frifch. 1. 21.
Au-vogel, Auen-nachtigall. Kram. 376.
Rufignulo. Zinan. 54.

ea

The Nightingale is very common in England, except in the
northern parts, where it is never feen. It comes in the beginning
of April, and leaves us in Auguft. It is found in Sweden, Germany,
France, Italy, Greece, China, and Japan. ‘Uhe female makes. her
neft in a low coppice or quickfet hedge, that is thickly cloathed with
foliage. It is compofed of hay, and reeds, intermingled with oak
leaves, &c. She lays four or five eggs of a greenifh brown colour.

The male fcarcely differs from the female.

In the evening the Nightingale begins a fong that continues till
morning. Concealed in fome thicket, this charming fong{ter pours
forth thofe melodious ftrains, whofe harmony, fweetnefs and variety,
combine to fill the mind with foft emotions of fenfibility, and
endear folitude to the contemplative man. The Nightingale is
the favourite of every rural poet, and the loftieft genius has conftantly
noticed it in his folemn defcriptions of evening, or of night.

cc The

Pa a YT B CVI

c¢ "The wakeful bird
Sings darkling, and in fhadieft covert hid

Tunes her nocturnal note.”

s The amorous bird of night
Sung fpoufal, and bid hafte the evening ftar
On his hill-top to light the bridal lamp.”

Milton's Paradife Loft.

The Nightingale is fometimes kept in cages. ‘Thofe reared from
the neft are better than fuch as are caught in a wild ftate, becaufe
they fing throughout the year, except in the time of moulting. Thofe
which are caught begin to fing about fix or eight days after. Mr.
Latham fays, that neither this nor the Blackcap is found in Ireland.
Mr. Pennant fays it does not inhabit Scotland, though S7déald places
it in his lift of the Birds of that country.

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PAVO. CRISTATUS.

CRESTED PEACOCK.

GALLINE.

Bill convex: the upper Mandible arched. ‘Toes connected by a

membrane at the bottom. ‘Tail feathers more than twelve.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill ftrong, convex. Noftrils large. Head fmall, crefted. Spurs
on the legs. Feathers above the tail very long, broad, expanfible,
confifting of ranges of feathers, adorned at their ends with rich ocel-

lated {pots.
SPEGIFIG: CHARACTER

AND

SYNONYMS.
An erect creft on the head.

Pavo CristaTus: tapite crifta erecta. Linn. Sy/?. Nat. — Faun.
Suec. 197.
Scop. Ann. 1. No. 162.
Brun. p. 58.
Frifch.’ pl. 118.
Kram. el. p. 355-
sik = | / D | Peacock.

Pai Ey CCX,

Peacock. Kai Synp.§1.. A. 2. p. 1832 28s
Will. Orn. p. 158. pl. 247.
Sloan. Fam. p. 302. No. 23.
Brown. ‘fam. p. 470.
Le Paon. Brif. Orn. 1. p. 281. pl 27.
Buff. Oif. 2. p. 288. pl. 10. — Pl. enl. 433. (male). 434

(female). |
Pfau, Gunth. nef? u. Ey. t. 22.

Pavone, Zinnan. Uov. p. 25. ¢. 1. No. 1. -

In compliance with preceding writers on the ornithology of Great
Britain, we have added the Peacock to our work: the propriety of
placing that magnificent Indian {pecies, with the humble and fimple-
coloured birds of this country, we prefume not to defend. We may
proudly claim it for a Britifh domefticated fpecies, but other nations
of Europe have the fame privilege. Of the beauty of a bird fo well
known, and which has excited admiration in all ages, we can fay
little: language would but feebly exprefs the variety and brilliance

of colours that profufely adorn the plumes of this majeftic creature.

Peacocks were known three thoufand years ago. In the days of
Solomon, the Tar/hifh fleet of that monarch brought them to Jerufa-
lem.. In Greece they were alfo known very early: at Athens they
were highly prized. It is fuppofed they were carried hence to
Samos, where they were preferved near the temple of Juno. The
epicures of Greece thought them a delicacy; and the young Pea-fowl
is efteemed among us. It is faid, that when Alexander was in India

he found vaft numbers on the banks of the Yyaretzs, and was fo de-

5 -. lighted

Pe AE Be. , Cix,

lighted with their beauty, that he appointed a punifhment for thofe
who fhould kill any of them.—lIt is alfo found in Africa.

In our climate the Peacock does not come to its full plumage till
the third year. The female lays five or fix greyifh eggs, the fize of
thofe of a Turkey : the time of fitting is from twenty-feven to thirty.
days. “The young are fed on barley-meal, chopped leeks, and curd;

the old ones on wheat, barley, &c.

It is an Italian proverb, that the Peacock has the appearance of an
angel, and voice of the devil; for its cry is exceedingly inharmonious.
In India, it is related, that they are taken by carrying lights to the
trees where they rooft, and having painted reprefentations of the bird
prefented to them at the fame time: when they put out the neck to
look at the figure, the fportfman flips the noofe over their heads and
fecures them. It is faid alfo, that the inhabitants of the mountains
on both fides of the Ganges take them with a kind of bird-lime, made

from oils and the juices of certain trees.

‘As we believe a figure of that fuperb variety of the common
Peacock, Le Paon Panaché of Buffon, would be more acceptable to
the reader than the fort which fo frequently occurs, we have preferred
it for this work. It isa moft fuperb and elegantly variegated fpeci-
men: and we only regret that the limits of our plate, and imper-
fect {tate of that imitative art, colouring, will not permit us to do
juftice to its incomparable beauty. ‘The original meafures feven feet,
of which the train forms a confiderable part. ‘This appendage,
which is ufually miftaken for the tail itfelf, rifes from the back and
defcends to a vaft length. The tail is not more than one foot and an
half in length, and confifts of eighteen brownifh-grey feathers. The

female has a very fhort train, and the {purs are generally wanting.

PLATE

ot

PL AT ae CX.

FULIC A, CH LOEROP US.
WATER HEN, orn COMMON GALLINULE._

GRALLA.

Bill roundifh. Tongue entire, flefhy. Thighs naked. Toes

divided.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill fhort, thick, convex. Forehead bare. Toes finned.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Callusand garters red. Above deep olive, beneath cinereous.

Outer edge of the wing, and tail coverts white.

Furica Curoropus. Linn. Syf. 1. p. 258. 4.—Gmel. Sy. 1.
p. 698.
Fulica chloropus major. Rai Syn. p. 113. 4. 1.—Will. Orn.
p. 233. 5+ 538.
Chloropus major noftra. Aldr. av. 3. 177-
E Gallinella

Ba AT E atx:

Gallinella aquatica. Ziman. 109.
GALLINULA CuHtoropus. Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. p. 770. 13.
Common Water-Hen, or Moor-Hen. Wil. Orn.

Raii. Syn.

wibin: I..pl. 9%. 2, Plo gi
Common Gallinule. Br. Zool. No. 217. pl. 77.

Lath. Gen. Syn. §. p. 258. fp. 12.
Poule d’eau. Buff. 8. p. 171. #. 15.—Pl. enl. 877.
Brif. OrneG, p. 3.1. pl. ified, 2

Wrafferhennl. Aram. 358.

Lensth of this fpecies fourteen inches, breadth twenty-one, weight
fifteen ounces. It is a common bird in this country, frequents the
fides of rivers and ponds, and is fuppofed to feed on final] fifh, and on

plants.

It has two or three broods in the fummer; the neft is ufually
placed on a low ftump near the water, and contains feven eggs of a
dirty white colour, fparingly fpeckled and fpotted with ruft colour,
and nearly two inches in length. ‘The female is fmaller than the
male, the colours are throughout much paler, and the throat is
fometimes white; in fome birds it is grey, in others the colour of

the reft of the neck.

PLATE

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Pion Pa CX.

ANAS’ GLACTALIS.

LONG-TAILED DUCK.

ANSERES.

Bill obtufe, covered with a thin membrane, broad, gibbous below
the bafe, fwelled at the apex. Tongue flefhy. Legsnaked. Feet
webbed or finned.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill broad, depreffed, hooked at the apex, with membranous teeth.
Noftrils oval, fmall. “Tongue broad, edges fringed near the bafe.
Feet, — middle toe longetft.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYIMS.
Tail long, pointed. Body black, beneath white.

ANAS GLACIALIS. Lin. Syft. Nat. p. 203. 20.
ANAS HYEMALIS. Lin. Syfl. 1. p. 202, 29.
ANAS GLACIALIS, cauda acuminata elongata, corpore nigro fubtus
: albo. (mas adultus.) Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. p. 864.
82.
E 2 Lonc-

Pik DE eer

LONG-TAILED Duck. Edw. v. 280.

Penn. Br. Zocl. 283.

Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. p. §28. 73.
Swallow-tailed Shieldrake. W471. Orn. p» 304.
Le Canard a longue queue d’Iflande. Brif. Orn. 6. 379.
Canard de Miclon. Buff: Oif,—PI. Enl. 1008.

This fpecies varies exceedingly in the colours of the plumage. In
forne the principal colour is a kind of chocolate brown, in others
deep black. It varies no lefs alfo in the difpofition of the white
{paces on the head, neck, and body in different birds. In the male,
the fore part and fides of the head are of a reddifh grey, with an oval
black fpot on each fide of the neck, a little below the head; the
remainder of the neck white. ‘The female has only the fides of the
head white (except the belly), the neck being of a dufky black in
general ; though fpecimens have been feen, that much refemble the

adult male bird. ‘The colour of the legs vary much in different

{pecimens alfo.

Linnzus divided the fuppofed male and female into two fpecies ;
the firft he called Anas GLACIALIS, the other ANas HyEMALIs.
Later authors, who have had more opportunity of obferving their
manners of life, have fuppofed them only the two fexes of one

{pecies.

Mr. Pennant, in his Arétic Zoology, appen. defcribes the two
Linnzan fpecies as the two fexes of ANAs GLaciA ts; and Mr.

Latham fince, in his Index Ornithologicus, places Anas Glacialis as
the

Poe YE CXL

the adult male; this is the bird which Buffon calls, canard a
longue queue; that which Ray terms Anas caudacuta, Haveldas
Mr. Latham defcribes as the young male. (8) ‘The female had been
defcribed by Mr. Pennant in the Arctic Zoology*: Mr. Latham
‘ makes it the (y-) of Anas Glacialis:—the fame author has added
further, the Querquedula ferroenfis, of Briffon, or Sarcelle de Ferree,
of Buffon, as the (0.) of the fame fpecies.

Thefe Birds frequent the more northern parts of the world, fuch
as Sweden, Lapland, Greenland, &c. and only vifit the Englith coatts
in very rigorous winters. In the Orknies they are feen in flocks
from O@ober to April. Thefe Birds living chiefly On the water,
dive and fwim well, and fubfift on fmall thell-fith. They build
their nefts among the grafs, &c. on the fea fhore. The variety
mentioned by Mr. Latham, which is called O*Edel by the inha-
bitants of the Ferroe ifles, has the black ftreak down the middle of
the crown to the hind head, as in our fpecimen, from which we

have been led to confider ue Bird a variety alfo,

The length of our Bird is twenty-one inches.

ae

ee eee eee ee eee

* Vol, Il. p. 76.

E 3 PLATE

Orie

Bot At Bh CRE
ScCOLOPAX CALIDRIS.
RED SHANK.

GRALLZ.

Bill roundifh. ‘Tongue entire, flefhy. Thighs naked. Toes
divided.
GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill long, flender, ftrait, weak. Noftrils linear. Tongue pointed.

Toes divided, back toes {mall.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
Beak and feet red. Body ath-colour. Secondaries of the wings

tipped with white.

SCOLOPAX CALIDRIS. Lin, Syf. Nat.
ScOLOPAX CALIDRIS, roftro rubro, pedibus coccineis, corpore
cinereo, remigibus fecundariis albis. Lazd.

Ind. Oras 21.1922. 2.5)
E 4 | Scolopax

PAL ACHE . "Oxi,

Scolopax Totanus. Faun. Suec. No. 167.
* Totanus. Aldr. av. 3. 171.
Red Shank or Pool-Snipee //7ll. Orn. 299.

Rait. Syn. av. 107.

Ani 3. 187.

br. Zool. 2. No. 184. ¢. 65.

Lath. Gen. Syn. Val. 5. 150. 20.
Suppl. 245. 20.
Chevalier aux pieds rouges. Buff. 7. p. 513. ¢. 28,
Le Chevalier. SBrif. Orn. 5. p. 188. 4. pl. 17. fig. I.
Glareola. Klein. av. p. 101.1.

Rothfufstler. Aram. 353.

Gallinula erythropus. Ge/ner. av. 504.

The length of this Bird is twelve inches, its breadth twenty-one
inches, and its weight exceeds five ounces. In this country thefe
birds are not uncommon, except in the northern parts. They fre-
quent fens and marfhes in the breeding feafon, but feparate and con-

ceal themfelves in the winter,

Its noife is fimilar to that of the lapwing, whofe manners it alfo

imitates when it is difturbed. It lays four eggs, of a whitifh olive

* Albin fays, “ This birdis not the Zotqnus of Aldrovandus;” he adds, “¢ This is
much lefs, has a fhorter bill and feet, and differs in the dufky colour of its back, and
the red colour of its legs and feet.”"——4lb. p. 82. Vol. 3.

colour,

PL AYE CXT.

‘colour, marked with irregular black fpots. In winter the colours of

thefe Birds become paler.

The Redfhank is found in moft parts of Europe and America.
_ Mr. Latham defcribes a variety of this fpecies from the drawings of

the late Dr. Fothergill, which inhabits the marfhes of China.

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Pie Aca ES GAIT.

STRIX FLAMMEA.

WHITE OWL.

ACCIPITRES. |

Birds of prey. Bill and claws ftrong, hooked, an angle in the
margin of the upper mandible. Body mufcular. Females larger.

and more beautiful than the males. *

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill hooked, without cere. Noftrils covered with briftly feathers.
Head large. Eyes and ears very large. “Tongue bifid.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Headf{mooth. Body yellowifh, with white fpots. Beneath white,
with pale black fpots.

* Mr. Latham has a note on this character of the owls in page 46, Supplement,
in which he fays, that in fuch of the owl genus as he has feen, the male was larger than
the female, and therefore the owls differ in that refpect from all other birds of prey.

STRIX

PLAY EO vCRHE

Srrix FLamMMEA: Lin. Syft. Nat.
Srrix FLAMMEA: Capite lavi, corpore luteo punctis albis, fubtus
albido punctis nigricantibus. Lath. Ind. Orn.
FT. 1. p. 66,25.
Aluco minor. Aldr.av.1. 272.
White Owl. Br. Zocl. 1. No. 67.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 1. p. 138. No. 26.
Suppl. p. 46. 26.
Common Owl, Howlet, Madge, Gillihowfter, &c. Will. Orn. 104.
Rati Syn. av. 25.
Alb.Vol.t1. pltte
L’Effraie, ou Frefaie. Buff. 1. p. 366. 7. 26.
Pl, Enl. 440.
Le petit Chat-haunt. Brif. av. 1. 503.
Perl Eule. Frifch. 1. 97.
Kramer El. p. 324. 50
Alloco Zi#nan. 99.

It need fcarcely be faid that the white owl is common in every
part of England, and is generally found throughout the continent of
Europe. It inhabits North and South America, and is very frequent
in fome parts of Afia. Except in the breeding feafon, it lives in
barns and out-houfes, where it is ufeful in deftroying the mice that
infeft fuch places. In the breeding feafon it retires to holes in

lofty buildings, or the hollows of trees.

Some

Peis Ay CRIM.

Some fpecies of owls fee well in the day-time: the white owl has
not that faculty ; it is only in the twilight in mornings and evenings,
or in moonlight nights, that it can fee clearly to take its prey. While
the young are in the neft, the male and female go alternately in queft
of food, make a circuit round the fields, drop on their prey inftantly,

and return with it in their claws.

Thefe birds caft up the fur or feather of the creatures they devour
in the form of {mall pellets, like thofe of the hawk tribe.

PLATE

4 v Nee 194
POT

4

BLA TE GXIv.
RRANGIDLA LIN AR LA.

LESSER RED-HEADED LINNET,
OR

REDPOLE.

PASSERES.

Bill conic, pointed. Noftrils oval, broad, naked.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill conic, flender towards the end, and fharp pointed.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Dufky and reddifh brown, varied with black. Belly whitith.
Two whitifh bars on the wing coverts. Pole of the head, and the
breaft red.

FRINGILLA Linartia. Lin. Syft. 1. p. 322. 29. &n. Su. 241.

Frineiirta Linaria, fufco grifeoque varia, fubtus albo-rufefcens,
fafcia alarum duplici albida, vertice pedto-
reque rubris.. Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. p. 458.
83.

Linaria

PLAT BD xm

Linaria rubra minor. Raii Syn. p. ox. A. 3. Will. £. 19%, 4. 46.

Leifer red-headed Linnet, or Redpole. Br. Zool. No. 032, 64 §24
Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. 305. 75.
Suppl. pl. 167.

Le petite Linotte de Vignes. Brif. Orn. 3. p. 138. 31.

Le®Sizerin. Buf. O:/..4. p. 26.

Grafifka. Faun. Suec. fp. 241.

Grafel, Meerzeifel.

Tfchotfcherl. Kram. 369.

Rothplattige Stenfling. Frifch. t. to.

All the Finches except the Sifkin are fuppofed to continue in
thefe kingdoms throughout the year; but fhift to different parts
according to the feafons. The Redpole is known to breed in
the mountains of Wales*. Mr. Pennant faw the neft of this fpecies
on an alder ftump near a brook, about two or three feet from the
ground. ‘The outfide was compofed of dried ftalks of grafs, and
other plants, intermixed witha little wool: it was lined with hair and
a few feathers. “The eggs, fourin number, were of a pale bluifh

green, thickly fprinkled near the blunt end with {mall reddifh fpots.

In O&ober and November thefe birds arrive near London in vaft
numbers. The colours of the female are generally paler than thofe

of the male: the fpot on the forehead is faffron colour.

* Barrington Mifcel. p. 217.

PLATE

LS

pee TR CXV.
LOXIA PYRRHULA.
BULFINCH.

PASSERES.-

Bill conic, pointed. Noftrils oval, broad, naked.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill ftrong, convex above and below, and thick at the bafe.
Noftrils fmall and round. Tongue truncated at the end. ‘Toes
placed three before, and one behind.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.
‘Head, wings, tail, black. Upper tail, coverts, and vent white.
Loxta PyrryuLa artubus nigris, teCtricibus caudex remigumque
pofticarum albis. Linn. Sy/t.—Fn. Sv. 178.
Scop. Ann. 1. No. 202.
Faun. Arag. p. 86.
Sepp. Vog. te p. 133.
"“Schaff. Elem. Orn. t..§9.
ah Rubicilla,

PLAT BE SAY:

Rubicilla, five pyrrhula. Gefner. av. 733.
Coccothrauftes fanguinea. Klein. Av. p. 95. 5.—ld. Stem. p. 19.
t. 19. f. 13. a, b.—Georgt Reife, p. 174s

Bulfinch, Alp, or Nope, Will. Orn. 247.

Raii Syn. p. 86. A.

Albin. I. pl. 59. 60.

Br. Zosl. 1. No. 116.

Lath. Gen. Syn. 3. p. 143 516
Suppl. p. 152. 51.
Ind. Orn. 1. p. 387-
Le Bouvreuil. Briffon. av. 3. 308.

Buf. Ok. Pe 252. fle 17-

Monachino, Sufolotto. Zinan. 58.

Domherre. Faun. Suec. fp. 225.
Gumpel. Gunth. Nef. te Ly. te 54.
Gumpl. Kramer. 365.

Gimp]. Scopoli, No. 202.
Cuifolotto. Olna, 40.

Blutinele ss grifch. 1; 2.

Le Pivoine. Selon av. 3. 59.

sn

The male of this common but beautiful Bird is diftinguifhed from
the female by the rich black colour on the crown of the head, and

the crimfon on the cheeks, breaft, belly, and throat, thofe parts being
of an obfcure hue in the female.

In the winter and fpring it frequents gardens, and does much
injury to the fruit-trees. In fummer it retires into the woods to
breed. It forms a neft chiefly of mofs, about fix feet from the

ground,

BA Pm CX.

ground, and depofits five or fix bluifh eggs, marked with dark fpots.
The wild note of this Bird is not admired, though they may be

taught to whiftle any tune in a tame ftate, and are then much valued.

There are feveral varieties of this fpecies, one of them in particular,
is entirely black. Inftances are recorded of thefe birds, after being
taken in full feather, in the courfe of three or four years becoming

jet black, and then again recovering their former colours.
€

PLATE

veld ogling a
iti) ait goclet

176

Sy
=p
ape

Right

=

Pa Aa CoV. b.

Cea iN UA sR xX.
CRAKE GALLINULE.

GRALLZ.

Bill roundith. Tongue entire, flefhy. Thighs naked. Toes
divided.

\

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill thick at the bafe, floping towards the point: bafe of the upper
mandible reaching far on the forehead, callous. Body compreffed.
Wings fhort and concave. Tail fhort. ‘Toes divided to their

origin.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS,

Above, greyifh brown, middle of each feather black. Wings

rufous brown. Beneath, reddifh white.

Rauttus Crex. Lin. Sy/t. Nat.
GALLINULA Crex: grifea pennis medio nigricantibus, alis rufo-
ferrugineis, corpore fubtus albo-rufefcente.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 766. 1.
G Porphyrio

PLAT EC Cx)

Porphyrio rufefcens, Brif. 5. p. 533.
Darker HEN, orn Rai, Raii Syn. p. 58. A. 8.
Will. Orn. p. 170. pl. 29.
Albin. 1. pl. 32.
Corn-crek. vb. Scot. 16.
Land Hen. //7ll. Orn. p. 316.
Crake Gallinule. Br. Zool. No. 216. pl. 75.—_Ar&. Zool. No. 412.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 5. p. 250. 1.
Le Rale de Genet, ou Roi des Cailles, Brif. Orn. 5. p. 159, ‘pi. 12)
His
La Poule-Sultane rouffatre, Brif. Orn. v. p. 533. 50
Re delle Quaglia. Zznan.
Wiefen Schnarre, Wachtel Koenig, Gunth. Neft. u. Ey. t. 45.
Wachtel-konig. Kram. 349.
Roftz. Scopok, No. 154.

This Bird is common in many parts of Great-Britain in fummer,
and departs before winter, except in Ireland, where it is fuppofed
they remain throughout the year. Being conftantly found in com-
pany with the Quails, the Crake has been called in many countries,
their king, or leader, ©

Independent of a ftriking generical difference, the manners of
thefe birds are altogether diftinét from thofe of the Water Rail,
with which it has been fometimes confounded. It is found among
corn, grafs, broom, or furze on heaths, and never in watery places.
It lays ten or twelve eggs of a reddifh white colour, marked with
ferruginous blotches: feeds on all kinds of infects, and on grain;
and its fefh is much efteemed.

Length

PloA YT re CxXYVIL

Length of this fpecies is nine inches and a half; weight, from
fix to eight ounces. Its note has been compared to the word Crek

often repeated ; and hence its name, Crake.

G2 PLATE

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COR Veiisy C:O-R-N-EX,

HOODED CROW.

Pica.

Bill compreffed, convex.

GENERIC’ CHARACTER.

Bill ftrong conic, with briftles at the bafe. Tongue cleft at
the end.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SUNO Now's.

Afh colour. Head, throat, wings, and tail, black.

Corvus Cornix. Lin. Syft. Nat.

Corvus Cornix: cinerafcens, capite jugulo alis caudaque nigris.
Warhlnd. Orn V1 5 3.7.

Cornix cinerea, Brif: Orn. 2. p.19.'4.

Cornix nigra Monedula, Ger. Orn. 2. p. 35. ¢. 146, 147.

G 3 Royston

io)

Poles EE OCR Vin

Royston Crow. Albin. 2. t. 23%
Raii Syn. p. 39. A. 4.
Will. Orn, p. 1246 pl. 18. 77.
Hoopep Crow. &r. Zool. 1. Na 77.
Ards 200), 2: fp, 250. P.
Lath, Gen. Syn. 1. p. 374. 5.
————— Suppl. p. 77.
La Corneille mantelée. Buff. Of. 3. p. 61. t. 4.
Mulacchia cinerizia, Monachia. Zinan.
Kraka. Faun. Suec. Sp. 88.
Grave Kran, Kranveitl. Kramer 333.
Urana Scopoli, No. 37.

The Hooded Crow is not uncommon during winter in many
parts of England. With us it is a bird of paffage. In thofe coun-
tries where it breeds, it retreats to the mountains for that time,
and defcends into the plains as the winter approaches. In many
parts of Scotland it is the only fpecies of crow known, and in

the northern iflands and mountains, it is faid to remain the whole

year,

Like the rook and crow, this Bird feeds on carrion and the offals
of animals; and alfo on fhell-fifh, which they find on the banks
of rivers; at other times, on feeds and grain, and mountain-berries.
They are more elegant and varied in their plumage than the

common crow, but not lefs mifchievous to young birds, or any
wounded

Pk A TY By CXVIL

wounded or defencelefs animals. Their nefts are built in trees,
and commonly contain fix eggs. The length of, this Bird is

twenty-one inches,

G4 PLATE

i | honed ate a)
5 Vitel
- i
; |
H 3"
ey ' :
; ’
.
e .
‘
ayer te F f - hes ¥ : ao ' Pye ae Any ] 4 ; * rif { - ~~ 2
ga se 4 ot Oo Se Ciera 2ste708
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’ e se 7 om ‘ bp 7
bak’ i ob Se ‘ cit ERLRT IO,
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- ‘ ia

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Ai at

+

' y {

PLATE CXVIIL.

PANE ALUS IGNE US.

GLOSSMey BIS.

GRALLZ.

Bill roundifh. Tongue entire, flefhy. Thighs naked. Toes

divided.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill long, thick at the bafe, incurvated. Face naked, noftrils linear.

Tongue fhort. Toes connected by a membrane.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS,
Very gloffy, general colour blackifh ; variegated with red,
blue, and green. Head and neck black, tips of the feathers

whitith.

TANTALUS

PLAT Ee CK

TANTALUS IGNEUS: corpore nigricante coeruleo viridi et vinaceo
variegato-nitente, capite colloque nigris pennis
albido fimbriatus. Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. p. 708.
16.

Tantalusigneus, Gmel. Syff. 1. p. 649.

Numenius igneus, n. c. Petr. 15. p. 460. ¢. 18.

Glofly Ibis. Lath. Gen. Syn. 5. p» 115+ 14.

The Gloffy Ibis is extremely rare in this country. It is not
noticed by Mr. Pennant in the laft editions of the Britifh Zoo-
logy. Dr. Latham has placed it in his lift of Britifh Birds, but
mentions only one inftance of its being found in England. ‘ In
the Leverian Mufeum is one of thefe, which was fhot in Cornwall.”

Lath. Gen. Syn. vu. §.

Cur fpecimen of this fpecies, we are informed, was alfo fhot in
England, and on diffection proved to be a male. Whether the {pe-
cimen from which Dr. Latham’s defcription is taken, differed in fex
from this, we are unable to determine. The defcription does not
exactly agree with our bird ; and the fpecimen referred to, is removed
from the Leverian colle€tion. In the defcription, the eyes are
placed in a white fpace: the eyes in our Bird are furrounded with
black. The legs are alfo defcribed cf an olive colour in the dead
bird, and green when living; thofe parts appear reddifh in our
preferved fpecimen: we had no opportunity of obferving the true
colour in the living bird; but it muft certainly have been more of

a ted,

PAT Ey OR Vil

a red, or at leaft reddifh brown, than olive. Neither of thefe dif-
ferences, however, affect the effential charaéter of the {fpecies; and
we confider our bird, beyond difpute, the Gio//y [dis of Dr. Latham.
The length of this Bird exceeds twenty-two inches.

PLATE

1 ¥ .
fi jen
{ .
i x y
‘ '
ni < 3
; ,
Mi x
J
*
w he
t
y
’
3 ’
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.
.
nD ,
¢
1
2 Nv =
,
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,
t
.
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Pole Acie bre mi.

EMBERIZA -CITRINELLA.
YELLOW HAMMER.

PASSERES.

Bill conic, pointed. Noftrils oval, broad, naked.

GENERIG CHARACTER.

Bill conic, the fides of each mandible bending inwards; a hard

knob in the roof of the upper mandible.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND
SYNONYMS.

Crown of the head, throat, and belly, yellow. Tail dark:
feathers edged with olive, the two outmoft with white, anda white

fpot on the interior fides, at the tip of each.

EMBERIZA CITRINELLA: rectricibus nigricantibus, extimis duobus
latere interiore macula alba acuta. Lin.
Syft. Nat.
Lath. Ind. Orn. 1. 400. 7.
EMBERIZA FLAVA. Gefner. av. 653.
Klein. av. p. 92. 5-
Brafr2.:250y Vacs
Yellow

PicA-T ER’ CeE,

Yellow Hammer, Raii Syn. p. 93. A. 2.
Will. Orn. p. 268. pi. 40.
Albin. 1. pl. 66,
Br. Zool. 1. No. 119. pl. 50.
Ar&. Zool.
YeLtrow Buntinc. Lath. Gen. Syn. Vol. 3. 170. 76
Le Bruant, Brif. Orn. 3. p. 258. 1.
Buff, Oif. 4. p. 342. pl. 8.
—— Pl. Enl. 30. 1.
Cia pagglia riccia, Lutez alterum genus. Aldi. av. 2. 372.
Sternardt. Scopoli. No. 209.
Zivolo, Zigolo. . Olin. uc. t. p. 50»
Ammering, Goldammering. ram. 370.

Groning, Goldfpink. Faun. Suec. Sp. 230.

This is a very abundant fpecies throughout Europe. In England,
its manners of life are fo well known, that we avoid entering intoa
minute detail of them. ‘The colours of the female are dull ; and it has
fcarcely any yellow about the head.—The male is a very pretty bird;
liable, however, to variation in different fpecimens. In fome, the
head is brown, in others yellow, marked with brown; in birds of
fine plumage it is of a beautiful yellow; the colours throughout

very full, with the yellow delicately blended into the olive, and have
a fine effect. |

Thefe Birds feed on grain and infects. They make a large neft _
of hay and ftraw, mixed with mofs, and dried leaves, and lined

with

Pt ey CAIN

with hair and wool. The neft is generally placed on the ground,
or in alow bufh. It lays five or fix eggs, veined irregularly with
purplifh or brown colour, and fparingly blotched with the fame.

‘There is more than one brood of this fpecies in the year.

Pb ATs

f ts | aie:

a werk eel

" . Ave ;
a: ie Bab

——

PisAw Eh Ew Cx.
STERNA SANDVICENCIS.
SANDWICH TERN,

ANSERES,
Bill obtufe, covered with a thin membrane, broad, gibbous below
the bafe, fwelled at the apex. Tongue flefhy. Legs naked. Feet
webbed or finned.

GENERIC CHARACTER,

Bill ftrait, flender, pointed. ‘Noftrils linear, Tongue flender and

fharp. Wings very long. A fmall back toe. ‘Tail forked,

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS,

White. Back and wings pale, hoary, lead colour. Upper part
of the head black; front fpeckled and white. Outer margins of
the quill feathers black. | Shafts white.

STERNA SANDVICENSIS. Lath. Suppl. Gen. Syn.
STERNA Poysir: alba, dorfo alif{que canis, pileo nigro, fronte ma-
culis albis, remigibus nigricantibus fcapo albos
Lath. Ind. Orn, 2. 806. 10.
isl : Sterna

Pie A Be) es

Sterna Cantiaca. Gmel. Sy/i. 1. p. 6c6.
Sandwich Tern. Lath. Syn. 6. p- 356. 9.—Buay’s Sandwich.

Young Jird, or variety f.
Sicrna Nivea, Cauda emarginato, corpore variegato, macula aurium
nigra. Linn.
Rallus lariformis. Sesp. Ann. 1. No. 156.

La Guifette. Buff. Oif. 8. p. 339.—PI. enl. 924.

‘This is certainly the new fpecies of Tern, which has been found
on the Sandwich coaft, and defcribed under the name Sandvicenfis *
by Mr. Latham: Our fpecimen does not precifely agree with the de-
fcription given by that author; but the following confiderations

feem to juftify cur conclufion.

The plumage of many Birds differ confiderably in colours and
markings in the various flages of their growth; and even in the
adult ftate, we frequently obferve varieties which it is difficult to
refer to their true fpecies.=- From the general appearance of the Bird
before us, it has been thought the young of the common Tern, and it
ftands for fuch in the Leverian Mufeum: It cannot however be the
young Bird of that fpecies ; in the contour it is obvioufly different,

nd the form of the beak, with other {triking peculiarities, muft

certainly remove it from that fpecies.

* Catalogue of Britifh Birds, Vide Supplernent of Synopfis. Altered to Sterna
Boyfii in Index Orite

Mr.

2

Pol Ae me OCXX.

Mr. Latham, in defcribing the Sandwich Tern, fays, the back and
wings are a pale hoary lead colour, and in the young Birds are much
clouded with brown: he {ays alfo the head is much dotted with white
in fome fpecimens ; but obferves, that all Terns with black heads
are liable to the fame variation*. Thus far our fpecimen may be
confidered as the Sandwich Tern; but the colour of the legs and
claws of that Bird is uniformly faid to be black, while in ours
they are orange: this is however accidental, and by no means
a permanent character ; the orange-coloured legs and feet is ftrik-.
ing, but not invariable in the Common Tern, as is proved by the
variety 8. with black feet, defcribed by Mr. Latham in the Index
Ornithologicus {3 we alfo find a fpecimen of the Sandwich Tern in
the Britifh Mufeum, which has the legs and feet of a dull yellowith
or orange colour, and differs from the {pecimen we have figured only

in the form of the tail, which is not forked as in the adult Birds.

“The Sterna Nevia of Linnzus, and La Guiffette of Buffon, is con-
jidered by Mr. Latham as the young Bird of the Sandwich Tern.
Our fpecimen differs very little from the defcriptions given by

thefe authors,

to)

Length of our Bird fourteen inches. It was fhot in the Chelfea

road.

* In the adultcommon Tern, the black of the head extends to the bafe of the bill;
in the Sandwich Tern the forehead is white.

+ Sterna Hirundo. @. var. pedibus nigris, re€tricibus extimis toto albis. Lath. Ind,
Orn. 2 308, 15.—Pbil. Tranf. \xil. p. 421. Forfter.

PLATE

‘
‘
te
Petty
i
‘
‘ t
.
i]
> ’

ae

oh

“
‘4
by

27

POLY A Fe CXX,

STRIX STRIDULA.
TAWNY OWL.

ACCIPITRES.

Birds of prey. Bill and Claws ftrong hooked, an angle in the
margin of the upper mandible. Body mufcular. Females larger

and more beautiful than the males.

GENERTOWOHARACTER,

Bill hooked, without cere. Noftrils covered with briftly feathers.
Head large. Eyes and ears very large. “Tongue bifid.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Head {mooth. Body reddifh, or tawny brown, White fpots on
the wing.

Strix SrripuLa: capite levi, corpore ferrugineo, remige tertia

longiore. Lin. Syft. Nat.—Jn. Suec. 55.
I SUIX,

BL A TE wOx ae

Strix. Aldr. av. 1. 285.
Strix Orientalis. Haffelquif?, tin, 233.
Noctua Major, Frifch.
Common Brown, orIvy Own. Will. Orn. 102. ¢. 14.
—Albin. I. t. 9.
Rati Syn. av. 25
Tawny Owt. Br. Zool. No. 68.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 1. 139. 27.
—dnd. Orn. 1. p. 58. 25.
Le Chathaunt. Brif. Orn. 1. p. 500. No. 1.
Buff, -Oif. 1. p-.2be t. 25.
PIO Bea:
Braune, oder ftock Eule. Frifch. t. 96. (maf.)
Gelblicke, oder brand Eule. Fri/ch. t. 95. ( fem.)
Strige. Zinnan. Uov. p. 100. ¢. 16. fi 89.

Skrik uggla. Faun. Suec.
Nacht Eule, Gemeine. Kram. 324.
Nat Ugle. Brun. 18.

The length of this bird is fourteen inches; breadth thirty-two
inches. The male is darker in colour than the female. “This kind
of owls inhabits woods: in England they remain the whole year.

‘he fpecies is found throughout Europe and America.

La Choucite, ou Grande Chevéche, of Buffon, is fuppofed to be the
female of the Tawny Owl ; but the defcription differs in fome parti-

culars from thofe {pecimens we have examined.

PLATE

PEAT By CXXME
RALLUS PORZANA.

SMALL SPOTTED GALLINULE, or WATER-HEN.

GRALLA.

Bill roundifh. Tongue entire, flefhy. Thighs naked. Toes
divided.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill compreffed, fharp. Noftrils oval. Toes four. Body com-
preffed.

SPECIFIG CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS,

Above olive brown, variegated with fpots and dafhes of black and

white: beneath afh-colour, with white marks.

Rallus Porzana. Lin. Sy/?. Nat. 1. p. 262. 3.—-Gmel. Syft, 1.
pe 722.

Gallinula Porzana: fufco-olivacea nigro albidoque variegata et

maculata, fubtus cinerea albido varia, reCtricibus

K duabus

PLATE Cx

duabus intermediis albo marginatis. Lath. Ind.
Orns 2.992, 10.

Rallus aquaticus minor, five Mauetta. Brif. 5. p. 155. 2. f. 13.
iw. t.

Gallinula ochra Gefneri. Razz Syn. p. 115. 7.

Spotted Gallinule. Br. Zool 11. No. 215. Lath. Gen. Syne 5
YB) OY. Pie ato

Petit Rale d'eau, ou le Marouette. Buff. Oif. 8. p. 157.

Kleines gefprenkeltes Wafferhuhn. Frifch. 2. 211.

‘Phis elegant fpecies is fearce in Great-Britain. It is of the mi-
gratory kind; but is known to breed here. Mr. Latham fays in

Cumberland.

‘Vhis is a folitary creature, living entirely among reeds in marfhy
places. The neft is very fingular, and is built on the water; it

is compofed of rufhes matted together in form of a boat, and is
faftened by one end to a reed that it may float in fecurity on the
9

water while the female fits on the eggs.

The length of this bird is nine inches.

PLATE

1

Wraith A

Ss

25a)
Sn gh

Bie PE Ck XII
MOTACILLA RUBECULA.

RED-BREAST,
PASSERES.

Bill conic, pointed. Noftrils oval, broad, naked.

GENERIC. CHARACTER.

Bill ftrait, flender. Tongue jageed.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS,
Greyifh. Throat and breaft ferruginous orange.

Moracitia RuBECULA, grifea, gula pectoreque ferrugineis,
ee Lin. Syft. Nat. |

‘Sylvia Rubecula. Lath. Ind. Orn, 2. 520. 42.

Robin Red-breaft, or Ruddock: Will. Orn. 219.

Red-breaft. Br. Zool. Raii Syn. av. 78. 1. TA7e
1 te | Lath. Gen: Syn. 4.

Le Rouge-gorge. Brif. av. 3. 418.

Pettiroffo. Olin. uc. t. p. 16.

Rotgel. Faun. Suec. fp. 260. |
; K 2. ' Roed-

PLAT EB PCxaein.

Roed-Finke, Roed-Kielke. Brun, 283.
Rothkehlein. Frifch. 1. 19.
Rothkropfl. vam. 376.

Smarnza, Tafchtza. Scop. No. 231.

The manners and ceconomy of this little creature are familiar to
every one. It frequents inhabited places in the winter ; in fummer
it retires into thickets or decayed buildings to breed. ‘The neft is
compofed of dried leaves mixed with hair and mofs, and lined with
feathers: it contains from five to feven eggs of a dufky white
colour, fprinkled with irregular reddifh fpots. The young birds

are very unlike the adults, being {potted with white.

The Robin has been chofen by our earlieft poets to pourtray
inftinctive affection towards man. An artlefs tale*: a pathetic
appeal to the tendereft feelings, pleads its behalf to the infant mind,
and maturer age rather cherifhes than difcards its firft impref-
fions. Hence the Robin, through fucceffive ages, has become an
object of fondnefs, and fuperftitious refpect ; and, as if confcious of
our pity and protection, it boldly vifits our dwellings in winter, and.

claims that fubfiftence the inclement feafun denies.

—‘* The Rep-BREAST, facred to the houfehold gods,
Wifely regardful of th’ embroiling fky,

In joylefs fields and thorny thickets leaves

His fhivering mates, and pays to trufted man

His annual vifit. Half afraid, he firit

“* An ancient and fimple ballad, The Babes in the Wood.

Again

Peat oY OX XII.

Againft the windows beats: then brifk alights

On the warm hearth; then hopping o’er the floor,
Eyes all the family afkance,

And pecks, and ftarts, and wonders where he is,
Till more familiar grown, the table crumbs
Attract his flender feet.”

"THOMSON.

Divefted of the pleafing poetic fimiles that are interwoven with
the hiftory of the Robin, it is a favage little animal, and in perpe-
tual warfare with its own fpecies, and every other tribe of fmall
birds. It feeds on infects and feeds, or when preffed by hunger, on

many other kinds of food. The note is fine and foft..

K 3 PLATE

i

rvs pire odt aC ,
en vifemat, aay Tg aay

Nis ar i,
ad) fone’ aap BP %

,

i
_

| a ‘licen! aug Wek 22 oe

' a eh ae a a
‘ F Cy a c: i .
oS. 7 i > nA A |
es Pi a ad : r ‘ e | ava, n ; +
i * ' , = ; : rs 4 | 24 "ot — ki Pe j it Ya hort 4 7

_ Fr 4 ; ‘: : iv _. ae : ’ —— =

7 ocelot)! eft a
’ : Ae ; a f ; ‘a

fe | i j a i 3 Ss “# A; ak t 18 AS Pee Ss Pg aay Want uw Faw?

q ’ f calyael

:
t
,

Bulge AcE Ew CNXIV.

ree S Bb OS CH A S:
MALLARD.

ANSERES.

Bill obtufe, covered with a thin membrane, broad, gibbous below
the bafe, fwelled at the apex. Tongue flefhy. Legs naked. Feet
webbed or finned.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

Bill convex above, flat beneath, fwelled at the apex, with mem-

branous teeth.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER
AND

SYNONYMS.

Afh colour, middle tail feathers of the male.recurved. Bill ftrait.

An incomplete white collar on the front of the neck.

Anas Boscuas cinerea, re€tricibus intermediis (maris) recurva-
tis, roftro recto, torque alba. Lin. Syft. Nat.—
Lath. Ind. Orn. 2. 850. 49.

Anas domeftica. Gefner av. 113. 96.
3 KA Common

Pied Vy Ck.

Common Wild Duck and Mallard. Will. Ora. 371. 380.
Rait Syn. p. 145. A. 1.150. 1,
Albin. 2. pl. 10.—1. pl. 99. ,
Br. Zool. 2. p. 270. pl. 97;
Ar&. Zoal. Na. 494.
Lath. Gen. Syn. 6. p. 489. 43.
Le Canard Sauvage. Brif. Orn. 6. p. 318. 4
Buff. Oif. 9. po 115. pl. 7. 8,
—Pi. Enl, 776. 777.
Gras-And, Blanacke. Faun. Succ. Sp. 131.
Welde Ente. Frifch. 21. 158-159.
Ratza. Scopolt.

Einheimifche ent. Stock ent. Kram. 341.

This is the parent ftock of our domefticated or common Duck,
The varieties in a tame flate are endlefs, but they uniformly pre-
ferve one character by which we can trace them to this wild origin ;
this is the fhort curled tail feathers of the Drakes, which are con-
ftant in all its varieties of plumage, and the form of the bill in both

fexes, whether in a wild or domettic ftate,

"Vhefe birds are fo well known, that we beftow little attention on
their beauty ; or we fhould confider the Mallard Drake the moft
beautiful of the web-footed birds that inhabit this country. The
plumage thrcughout is of fingular richnefs, and the various dotted
ftreaks and lines on the plainer colours are uncommonly elegant,

The colours of the female, as in other inftances, are more fimple.

Wild

Paes TE €XXIY.

Wild Ducks abound in this country, but are no where more
plenty than in the fens of Lincolnfhire*. ‘The means of taking
thefe birds are various, and ‘have been defcribed with minutenefs by
many authors. The method in common ufe in England is to fet
‘arge decoy nets in the places they frequent, and by means of a
trained bird entice them into its labyrinths {, The inhabitants of
other countries have alfo various and peculiar contrivances to entrap
thefe, and others of the water fowl. Thefe birds breed in marfhy
places, and lay from ten to fixteen eggs. Dr. Latham fays they
are fometimes known to lay the eggs in a high tree, in a deferted
Magpie, or Crow’s neft, and mentions an inftance of one being
found at Erchingham in Suffex, fitting upon nine eggs, in an Oak,
twenty-five feet from the ground: the eggs were fupported by twigs

:
laid crofsways {.

Length of this fpecies near two feet ; weight, two pounds and an
half.

* In only ten decoys, in the neighbourhood of Wainfleet, thirty-one thoufand two
hundred have been taken in one feafon.—Britifh Zoslogy.

T The decoy nets are generally placed on a piece of water nearly furrounded with
wood, that the birds may not be frightened or difturbed. They are fo contrived, that
different pipes iead to it from feveral dire€tions; thefe pipes are fo many avenues of
net-work fupported by hoops, which become gradually narrower from the opening, and
lead up a ditch, at the end of which the funnel net is placed. Along thefe pipes, at
proper intervals, are fcreens of reeds, behind which the decoy man conceals himfe!f
from the birds. ‘The Ducks trained for decoys are fed on hemp feed, which being
light, floats on the furface of the water. When the evening fets in, the decoy man
throws fome of the feeds from behind one of the fcreens to the trained bird; this en-
tices him into the pipe, and the wild fowl follow. When they arrive at a certain part
of the avenue, the decoy bird dives under the water, and the reft pafs on till they enter
the purfe net, where they are taken.—Brit. Zool. Bc. Ge,

J Lath. Gen. Syn,

INDEX

7

i ae ORG ea ee) poeta

= gee + NS Vii Gy otha ba em
_ ual

‘ ot oe

we 7 i"
ty. a

: IK. ap rie
sat es nt 90. “iC. 4 sens stib me eo Bere cm

oe AT Hori Dutogeid Ses “ Sink

"hiaple tt bs : - ;

“< : ; ahi ba it ' a, - 7 7 A : * ei,
vt ' ry =) ve :

bp ; a 17% J ; = Port: ka

a
7 ¢ tap ome a 3% paleo °
iit te pbs G pit ep ie vale ' ott, Vino et
| | oe ile a
| . 7 parrot, Pie
os a chawan, WE tL, ten Mer ; (ree, vd tend
= = > tice

Fy ( Ce

san 7 { - A :
Serena er ee ye Retr agiae beanie so arcamonrten amie lp tomes ae sorte ene Agena atte 6

hs. Or

; : mh *
‘ 9 (Peeper LE rw, nk?

t Su Paso THAR SO sow: | ‘as “ae vii ag wide Sp
PS iu idem ary’ Yb ‘ae ites tg 7¢ pee ytd es gah nip
ay pate eats Gm) Ww sas ¢ Bleerse aa yap a boat saay seeardiais
gan : ant Sas ‘ug guh iow ea
See ata Fee a) |. «att fe ae a ge tous
eae

iis 4 nite ‘a ee Bais ad .
oP. ae a,

we Vie wes ‘a
vig @ dha , Bia a

ws
ies tie, Cat al oat uate sepa

6. cpl sna ys a
3 gt Med coy E 2 ae:

: ; : = Ft, w a ad e
He, | + : ney
: : :
oq

| ae:
jerky Kader dye aN

" eo sa = ey + thy d

Pe DB yX'« Hoy aV)O L.

ARRANGEMENT

ACCORDING TO THE

Vv

SYSTEM or LINNEAUS:

O-RDobr-R- +].
AC CFP i I-R ES.

Fatco OssiFRAGUS e ¥ 3! =
Strix FLAMMEA a a a F

STRIX STRIDULA - £ = a

O'R D EK i.
PIC A.

Corvus Cornix is a s s

OR D. E.R Wk

ANSERES,.
ANAS ALBIFRONS A es ke th
Anas Hyematis se a it =
Anas Boscuas - ye, 3 uo a a
STERNA SANDVICENSIS = 2, 2 me

PON Day ee.

ORDER IV.

GRALLAEA.
Plate
TANTALUS IGNEUS = bs a = - 118
ScOLOPAX CALIDRIS = i = = -.. 22
Furica ATRA - - - 2 = - 106
Furica CHLoROpUS = _ = “ = Tro
Ra tiuus Crex “ = = i : = EEG
Ratius AQUATICUS = - ~ - ~ 104
RaLuus PorRzana = - = = - IJ22
ae a
ORDER YY.
GALLIN &.
Puasranus Coucuicus - a = J - 0r
Pavo CRrIistTatus - - “ : - 109
CoLtumBaA OgEnas - - - - - 107
ORDER VI.
PASSERES.
Lox1a Pyrryubia : “ ~ - - IT§
EMBERIZA CITRINELLA ~« ~ - - “1: 449
FRINGILLA CARDUELIS - - - - += EOS
FRINGILLA LINARIA ~ ip - - - 14
MorTaciita LuscixIa - 2 - - - 108
Moracitta RuBECULA - . = “ - 123

TOL.

LAN GDUE VX.

Wo de Ve

ARRANGEMENT.

ACCORDING TO

LATHAM’s SYNOPSIS or BIRDS.

DLVASTON: Land Breps:
ORDER I. Rapaciovus.

(ESN A

Plate
Fatco OssiFracus, SEA EAGLE - - - 105
GLO NiO Ser il,
Strix StRIDULA, Tawny Ow t - - - - 12%
Strix FrammMea, WHITE OwL - - - - 112
SR a Re RESTS EEE
OR DETR Te Piss.
GEN: Use til.
Corvus Cornix, Hoopep Crow ~ - - 117

ORDER

EAN AD OE Vx,

ORDER III. Passertne.
GENUS XXXIV.

Plate

Loxra PyrruuLa, ButFincn - - - = - 115
Gor, NUS" Kx.

EmMBerRIZA CITRINELLA, YELLOW BuNTING = - 119
GENUS XXXVII.

FrRINGILLA CARDUELIS, GOLDFINCH’ - = - 102
Frincitta Linarta, Lesser REDPOLE ~ - II4
GENUS XE.

Moraci_ta Luscinrta, NIGHTINGALE - - 108
SyLtvia Rupecuta, REDBREAST > - - 123

a a TIT II ey
ORDER IV. Cotumerne.
CotumsBa Ognas, Stock PIGEON - - ~ 104
nr es
ORDER V. Gatuinaceous.
GE INL Ss “XE Vil.
Pavo Crisratus, Crestep Peacock « - 7 109
FON Us. ,LL.
Puastanvus Cotcuicus, CoMMON PHEASANT - = tor

DIVI-

LW 2D 7B 1X,

DIivVis town TL. Water Bieps.

ORDER VII. Wits Croven FEer.
GEN, US) LXVic

Plate
Tanraus Icneus, Grossy [zis = if 2) aes

| GENUS LXVIIL.
ScoLtopax CALIDRIS, REDSHANK es - L ¥42

GEN US) LXxin,
Ratius AquaTicus, WATER RaIL - ~ - 104

| GEN US LXXv.
GALLINULA Crex, CRAKE GALLINULE - - 116
Ga.tiinuta CHLtoropus, Common GALLINULE = i 1108
GALLINULA PoRZANA, SPOTTED WaTER Hen - - 122

ORDER VIII. Wiru Pinnatep Feer.

| GE ULS | PxoCViiT.

Futica Arra, Common Coot - = - ~ £06
eR IT A RII TOES
ORDER IX. WEs-FoorepD.
G FN’ US: LAXX VIII.

STERNA SANDVICENSIS, SANDWICH TERN Z - 120

Gok Ny US SY XCr
AwAs ALBIFRONS, WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE - - 102
Anas Hyema tis, Lonc-raiLep Duc = ly BEE
Anas Boscuas, MALLarp ° “= e - 124

DN Dee

V-O-L*

ARRANGEMENT

ACCORDING TO

PENNANT?’s BRITISH ZOOLOGY.

GENUS I.

Plate

SEA EAGLE - - - - - - 105
GENUS II.

Tawny Ow. = = = - \ - - 12%
Waite OwL - - - - = - 113
GENUS IV.

HoopED Crow - - - - “ - 417
eee In
GAWULINA‘'CEOUS.

CresTeD PEACOCK - - - ~) sf le @ieg
PHEASANT 5 = - = - - Ior
GENUS XIV.

STock PIGEON” - - = - - - 107
GENUS XVHI.

BuLFINCH a - 4 x ss - 115

GENUS XIX. ,
YeLtow Buntinec - = a a - 119

Be Ns Ty Tee Xe

Gri N US) Xk

GoLpFINCcH enon a e p
Lesser REDFOLE 2 = ae

GEN Us) XX
MAECHTINGALE ~« x 2 A
REDBREAST = fe EA g

GE NOUS XXX:

RED SHANK ee te i "
G TON: US) ERAN.

WatTeR RAIL <= is a ws
GE NWUMS* "XX Xv

CRAKE GALLINULE 2 2 Db

SPOTTED GALLINULE s y ”

GENUS XXXVI.

Common Coot - a wh

GENUS XLIV.

SANDWICH TERN 1 e i

GENUS XLVI.

WHITEFRONTED GOOSE - iy Bs
MALLARD “ i mn r
LONG-TAILED Duck 2 = "y

Plate

- 103
-~ 114
= 106
- 123
sane, 8
= Los
- JIo
ee Ae.
2 TOG
+ BLS
mi LOZ
= a
EEA iy 9
INDEX.

PON DAieeP re

YU Lae
ALPHABETICAL ARRANGEMENT.

Plate

Albifrons, Anas, Whitefronted Goofe tm ws a JFo2
Aquaticus, Rallus, Water Rail - - - 104
Atra, Fulica, Common Coot - . - = 106
Bofchas, Anas, Mallard « ~ - - - 124
Calidris, Scolopax, Red Shank = = . a. ES
Carduelis, Fringilla, Goldfinch as - - 103
Chloropus, Gallinula, Common Gallinule - “ = 756
Citrinella, Emberiza, Yellow Bunting - - ~ Tig
Colchicus, Phafianus, Common Pheafant - a =—10r
Cornix, Corvus, Hooded Crow - ~ vs ~ 117
Crex, Rallus E - - - ~ - 116
Criftatus Pavo, Crefted Peacock> - ~ - - 109
Flammea, Strix, White Owl - = ve - 113
Hyemalis, Anas, Longtailed Duck - ~ ~ - IIE
Igneus, Tantalus, Gloffy Ibis ~ - - 118
Linaria, Fringilla, Leffer Redpole - - > - II4
Lufcinia, Motacilla, Nightingale - - ~ = 108
Qenas, Columba, Stock Pigeon = ~ : - I07
flifragus, Falco, Sea Eagle - ws E -. 406
Porzana, Gallinula, Spotted Water Hen - ~ - 122
Pyrrhula, Loxia, Bulfinch - - ~ - - 15
Rubecula, Motacflla, Redbreaft s - - - 123
Sandvicenfis, Sterna, Sandwich Tern 7 =. «= 2
Stridula, Sirix, Tawny Owl : in 7 =, Tt

FINTIS.