Set THE NATURAL HISTORY BRITISU INSECTS: EXPLAINING THEM Nowe He Re SV ERASE SPAT BS, WITH THE PERIODS OF THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS, THEIR FOOD, OECONOMY, &c. TOGETHER WITH THE HISTORY OF SUCH MINUTE INSECTS AS REQUIRE INVESTIGATION BY THE MICROSCOPE. THE WHOLE ILLUSTRATED BY fao 1, @U RE DZ# TtG°uUR E S, DESIGNED AND EXECUTED FROM LIVING SPECIMENS. By E. DONOVAN. VO. Le: Vi. LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, And for F.and C. Rivineron, N° 62, Sr. Paut’s Cuurcu-Yarp» MDCCXCVII, 181 THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PeVTish INSECTS Pike Ey GLXAAL PHALZANA SYRINGARIA, LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. GEOMETRA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND si N ON KMS. Wings angulated, indented, fine light grey, with fhades of flefh colour and brown: a brown mark acrofs the Wings, which in an expanded Infe&t forms a feftoon. PHALANA SYRINGARIA: pectinicornis, alis fuberofis, omnibus grifeo flavefcentibus, ftrigis repandis fufcis albifque. Fab. Syft. Ent. 622. 13.—Spec. Inf. 2. 244. 17 — Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 860. 206, B2 } Phalena 4 PL ATOR Cle. Phalena peQinicornis, alis margine finuatus, fulvo, nigro, fufco rofeoque marmoratis, fingulis fubtus pundo nigro, {uperioribus extremo dilatato, recurvis. Geoff. Inf: Re T2022. Reef. Inf. 1. phal. 3. tab. 10. The Englifh name has been given to this Moth by fome collectors, on account of its being found a local fpecies, and moft frequent in Richmond park. The Larva of this Infect has a very fingular appearance, to which the hook on the back greatly contributes when it is nearly full fed and going into the pupa ftate. It feeds on the Jafmine and Lilac, and does not thrive well on any other plants. It is in the Caterpillar ftate in April, changes to chryfalis in May: the Fly comes forth in June. PLATE } £282 2: Fa x sa] PLA TE CLXXXII. MELOE MONOCEROS. Hornepv MELOE. CoLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz globular, laft globule oval. Thorax roundifh. Elytra foft. Head gibbous. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Thorax pointed like a horn over the head. Shells brown, with a longitudinal ftreak and {pot on each. Meroe Monoceros: Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 681. 14. Notoxus Monoceros: thorace in cornu fupra caput protenfo, elytris punto fafciaque nigris, Fab. Sy/?. Ent. Tom. ; Hy2ut,,\ 6: tare : Notoxus. Geoff. Inf. 1. 356. tab. 6. fig. 8. Attelabus Monoceros. Lin. Fn. Sv. 638. | Scheff. Icon. tab. 188. fiz. 3, OE REREEee oe Linnzus feems to have found much difficulty in determining the genus of this infeét; once placing it amongft the Attelabi of his fyftem, and thence removing it to the Meloe tribe. Geoffroy has an- other generical name, notoxus, and this Fabricius has adopted in his laft work. ; es This 6 PLA TER? CEXeaL. This is certainly 2 moft fingular Infe&, and altogether unlike any other we know of in England. We cannot fay whether it feeds on any particular food, or what are its peculiarities, for we have only feen one fpecimen befides that from which the annexed drawing is taken; and the only information we receive from the authors above quoted is, that it is a native of Europe; and is found on umbelli- ferous plants. It was taken in May. Fig. 1. the natural fize. Fig. 2. magnified. PLATE L163 bg PEA TIE (CLXX XM PHALANA CAMELINA.,. Die PROMINENT Mora. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed wher at reft. Fly by night. Bombyx. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Firft wings fine ruft colour, with two oblique waves acrofs: in-« dented edges: pofterior margin, with one large and one fmall tuft prominent on the upper part of the Infect when at reft. Pratana Came ina: alis deflexisdenticulatis brunneis: omnibus denticulo dorfali. Linn. Sy/?. Nat. 2. 832. 80.—£2. Su. f145. Fab. Ent. Syft. 3. p. 450. 133. Wien. Verz. 63. 3. Roef. Inf. t. phal. 2. tab. 28. The Caterpillar of this Moth is found in Auguft, on the leaves of the Oak, Willow, Lime, &c. “The Moth comes forth late in May, or-early in June. Cc PLA EE 18 4 BAT Bi CLXXXIV. PAPILIO ARION. MazarRINE BLUE BUTTERFLY. ’ LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz clubbed. Wings when at reft, erect. Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Above brown, difk of the wings fine blue, with black fpots. Beneath grey, with a number of {mall eyes. Paritio Arion: alis fupra fufcus: difco coeruleo; maculis atris, fubtus canis: punétis ocellaribus. Linn. Sy/#. Nat. 2. 789. 230.—fFn. Sv. 1073. Hefperia Arion. Fad. Ent. Sf. 3. 293.118. Reef. Inf. 3. tab. 45. fig- 3--4- Scheff. icon. tab. 98. fig. 5. 6. Efp. pap. 1. tab. 20. fig. 2. On ~~ Papilio Arion is a very fcarce Infeét in this country ; and it does not appear to be much more common in any other part of Europe. - The authors quoted above have given figures or defcriptions of it, but are entirely ignorant of its larva, or pupa; and Fabricius, who has feleted the obfervations of all the preceding authors who have de- feribed it, fays only, Habitat in Europe Praiis. Gis Mr. 12 PLA ThE? CLXXXIV. Mr. Lemon, a collector of eminence fome years fince, met with itin England. We have a fpecimen which was taken by him, as appears from a note with it. Roefel’s figure is of a finer blue than _any we have feen ; but we have no doubt of its being a moft bril- liant Infe@ in a recent ftate. PLATE me 3 A 3 ie 5 165 Pel AT B CLAXKY, FIG. I. - CHRYSOMELA CALMARIENSIS. COLEOPTERAs GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz knotted, enlarging towards the ends. Corfelet margined. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Oblong: yellow: a longitudinal ftreak of black down each fhell. CmrysoMELA CaLMaRIENSIs: oblongiufcula ferruginea, elytris macula longitudinali nigricante. Linn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 600. I0OL. Crioceris Calmarienfis: ovata cinerea, elytris vitta lineolaque bafeos nigris. ab. Sy/t. Ent. 119. 4.—Spec. Inf. 1. 150.6. Galleruca pallida, thorace nigro variegato, elytris fafciis duabus lon- gitudinalibus nigris. Geoff. Inf. 1. 253. 3.-—Sulz. Roem. Inf. tab. 3. fig. 10. Fabricius fays, this Infe& lives on the Willow and Alder. It is found in every part of Europe, but is fcarce in England. It is a very pretty fpecies. "The underfide has rather a bronze appearance: above, in recent fpecimens, the light colour is very Crs fine 14 Pi AD Be Ley), gies fine yellow, but turns brown afterwards: the ftripes down the elytra are not deep black, but have a greenifh tint.—Taken in May. Length a quarter of an inch. : BAG. ie MYCETOPHAGUS QUADRIMACULATOUES. . Funcus BerTLe wiTH FOUR Sports. COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Palpi four, unequal. JMaxilla membranaceous, with a tooth or fpine. Lip round, entire. Antennz gradually enlarge towards the end. Fab. Gen. Inf. SPECIFIC CHARACTER Entirely black, except one large yellow brown fpot on the bafe of the elytra, and another near their extremities. MycretrorHaGus QuaDRIMACULATUS: rufus thorace elytrifque nigris, his maculis duabus rufis. Fab. Ent. Sy/t. t. 2. He Te PulaQie Ips Maculata. Fab. Mant. Inf. 1. n. 8. p. 45. Mrtomae Geogr Inf 6. U P2265) tape Oo piea Deen Ya Silphoides boleti. Herbft. Archiv. 4 tes. Heft. 2. 11. p. 41. tab. 21. fig. 51. Der Viergefleckte Pfiflerkafer. Panz..Faun. Inf. Germ. Three fpecimens of this rare fpecies were found together, con- cealed in the porous part of the Honey-comb Boletus *. According to Herbft. Archiv. it is ufually found on plants of this genus. It is not fcarce in Germany. * Boletus Cellulofus, The Pua ee OGY, rs The valt addition of new fpecies of Infeéts that Fabricius has made in his latter works, renders it difficult, and in fome inftances impoflible, to refer them to the fyftem of Linneus ; and though we would at all times more willingly refer any new kind to that fyftem, and quote the Fabrician account amongit the fynonyms, than adopt the new generic diftinétions of Fabricius, or any other author, we muft not facrifice propriety to predilection. If Linnzus himfelf had noticed many of the newly difcovered kinds, he muft have altered and improved his fyftem to admit them; which isa great _excufe for Fabricius having made fo many genera. The little Infe&t before us may be referred to the Silpha genus of Linnzus ;, but as his definition of the Silphe has been fubjeGted to fo many objections and amendments of later authors, we forbear placing it among{ft them. Linnzus has made no diftin@ion between fuch fpecies as have perfoliated antennz, and thofe with antennz increafing in bulk from the bafe to the endt, thereby including 8. Vefpillo with 8. thoracica and 8. obfcura, though in an early edition of the Fauna Suecica, §. Vefpillo was amongtt the Scarabei, and the two laft with the Caffide. Schaeffer divided the Silphe of Linnzus into two genera, Szpha and Peltis. Geoffroy arranged fome of them amongft his Dermeftides, and formed his genus Pelfis of fuch as have the thorax and elytra {trongly margined, and perfoliated antennz. Geoffrey defcribed our prefent fubje€t under the name Tritoma. Fabricius afterwards, in his Mantiffa, arranged it under /ps, a new genus, formed from part of the Sithe of Linnzus and Dermeftides of Geofiroy. In the Entomologia Syftematica, he has again feparated the Ips, and ‘made _ Mycetophagus a new genus of fifteen fpecies, in which he includes this Infect. + Silpba Antenne extrorfum craffiores. E/ytra marginata. Caput prominens. Thorax laniufculus, marginatus. Lina. Gen. Inf. P 8 C4 alo 16 PY ATS CUX Kv. To thofe who have adopted the fyftem of Fabricius, it is unne- ceflary to fay, that the fundamental part of his arrangement is taken from the mouth of the Infeét, which certainly is objectionable, be- caufe that part is dry, and very frequently injured or deftroyed in Infeats that have been long ina cabinet, and is very fmall in moft kinds when allve ; fo that, though we have followed his arrangement in the generic definition, we have been lefs prolix than a full eluci- dation of it might require. The figures in the annexed plate 2. 2. reprefent the natural fize and magnified appearance. PLATE 166 Pea FE. CLXX RVI. PA PLE] Ov HERO. ScarRceE MEADOW-BROWN BUTTERFLY. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz clubbed. Wings, when at reft, erect. Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings entire: brown above. Beneath, a large black eye near the anterior margin of the firft wings: fix fmaller eyes on the fecond Wings. Paritio Hero: alis integerrimis fulvis: fubtus anticis ocello, porticis fenis. Lzun. Syft. Nat. 2. 793. 253.—Lie Sv. 1047.—Fab. Ent. Syft. 3. p. 222. 695. Papilio Hero. Wien. Verz. 168. 13. Papilio Typhon. fp. pap. tab. 35. fig. 3+ 4+ This is a local fpecies: it is very abundant in fome marfhy parts of Lancafhire ; but we have not learnt that it has been taken in any other part of the kingdom. Many of the curious in London are particularly indebted to Mr. Phillips, of Manchefter, for enriching their cabinets with Pepilio Hero ; for, though it is a plain Infect, it is efteemed for its rarity, few Entomologifts having travelled into that part of the country to collect Infe@s. PLATE 18] Pua iB \eLXXNVin PHALENA EXOLETA. Sworp Grass MorTH. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when at seft. Fly by night. | Noétua. Antennz in both fexes, like a briftle. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYrMS. Thorax crefted. Wings lance-fhaped, varied with grey and brown, a kidney-fhaped fpot in the middle: four white fj pots on the anterior margin. PHALaNA Exoveta: criftata, alis lanceolatis convolutis fufco cinereoque nebulofis, punctis quatuor marginalibus . albis. Fab. Syft. Ent. 617. 116.—Spec. Inf. 2. 239. 144. The beautiful Caterpillar of this Moth is found on Sword Grafs in Auguft, ‘Fhough its trivial name implies that it is peculiar to this 20 PLA TE*YCLKXXVI. this plant, feveral others are mentioned by authors as proper food for it, amongft thefe are the Bell flower *, Orach t, and common Pea. The Moth appears in May: frequents marfhy places. * Campanulae + Atriplex. PLATE 188 S = Wa [ 2 ] PLAT E CUxXXXVIN, HEMEROBIUS CHRYSOPS. NEUROPTERA.’ Wings four, tranfparent, reticulated. Tail without a fting. GENERIC CHARACTER. Mouth armed with two teeth and four palpi. Wings deflected. Antennz fetaceous. Thorax convex. GENERIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Greenifh. Wings tranfparent, reticulated, with dark fpots. Hemerosius Curysops: viridi nigroque varius, alis hyalinis : venis viridibus ; lineolis nigris reticulatis. Linn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 912. 4.—n. Sv. 1505. Geoff. Inf. 2. 254. 2. Fab. Ent. Syft. t. 2.83. f. 66 Frifch. Inf. 4. 40. tab. 23. Reef. Inf. 3. tab. 21+ figs 4e Sulz. Hift. Inf. tab. 25. fig. 1- This Infe& was formerly held in great efteem amongft the Englifh colleétors, on account of its rarity; and has been purchafed for their cabinets at a confiderable price *. ‘The late Mr. Bentley, who SR RE * Half a guinea was the ufual price for a pair of them, had 22 PLA ELE VCLAXX VET. had been more than twenty years endeavouring to make his cabinet the moft complete in England, never met with it. About three years fince, they were taken in great plenty near London, both at Batterfea and Highgate; and haye been met with in other places fince that time. Like the Ephemerz, and other gaufe-wing Infects, it delights in moift places, particularly among the reeds, The larva is unknown, but we fuppofe that it lives in that ftate in the water ; and which moft likely it does not leave till it becomes a winged creature. The larva of fome fpecies of this genus feed on the {maller kinds of Infects. The wings are the moft pleafing objects for the microfcope that - can be imagined: the reticulations and feathered edges are fo tranf parent, that they may be examined with the deepeft magnifiers, _ which is an advantage few objects of fuch a fize poffefs. The magnified figure is given, with the natural fize in the annexed plate. Fabricius has erroneoufly quoted the feventh and eighth figure of the fifth plate of Schaeffer's Icones, which is certainly no other than the eommon kind, Hemorobius perla, and which is fo often found in gardens with a fine golden eye. “Uhe figure quoted in Su/ger and Roefel agree with our fpecimen. PLATE Os a PLAT bE ., CLXAXKIX PHALANA MENTHRASTIRI. SpoTTreD WuHitre Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. CENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. Bombyx. SPECIFIC CHARACTER ) AND SYNONYMS. White with black fpots. Abdomen orange, with black fpots. PHaLaNnaA MENTHRASTRI: alis deflexis albis nigro fubpundtatis, abdominis dorfo fulvo nigro puntato, femoribus anticis luteis. ab. Ent. Sy. T. 3. p. 1. 452. 140. Bombyx Menthraftri. Wien. Verz 54. 2.—Reef. Inf. t Phal. 2. t. 46. Knoch. Beytr. 3. tab. 2. fig. §. 13. i enna = his Infe€&t has been confounded with Phalena lubricipeda by Linnzus ; he makes it the variety 8 after De Geer. In this he has been followed by many other authors ; and though Roefel, by giving the larva and pupa of each, in two diftinét plates, evidently thought them different fpecies, his obfervations had no weight with other Naturalifts; even Fabricius, in his Species Infeétorum, gives them under 24 PLA TE CUxXxoax, under one fpecific name. In his laft work, Entomologia Syflematica, he has divided them, leaving the P. lubricipeda under its formér name, and giving the fpecific name Menthraftri to the white fort, as had been done in Wien. Verz. 54. 2. Fabricius mentions it as a native of Germany, but from the figure of Roefel no doubt can be entertained of its being precifely the fame as our Englith fpecies. The Caterpillars of both forts are very general feeders ; they will eat, oak, fruit trees, and wild plants of almoft every kind. ‘They are common in the fummer, change to chryfalis about Auguft, and appear in the winged ftate in May and June; but, there is more than one brood of them in the courfe of the year, fo that the time of their appearance is uncertain. ‘The Caterpillars change their fkins often; and change their colours at the fame time. ‘Thofe of Phalana Menthraftri when fmall are a very light tranfparent brown s. then brown with dark ftripes. It is not black till it is in the laf ~ {kin ; and then, in many, the colour inclines to brown. PLATE Seah a Be Lv ae t sel rat tote ge % PLA TE Cxc,. CXCI. S Po lN xX’; €¢ E LE Rip.©: SILVER-STRIPE Hawk Moru. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne thickeft in the middle. Wings, in general deflexed - when at reft. Fly flow. Morning and evening only. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. _ Firft wings brown, with a broad oblique band of filver white ex- tending from the pofterior margin to the tip of the wing. Lower wings black, with fix large red fpots on each. Sphinx Celerio: alis integris grifeis: ftriis albis, pofticis fufcus: maculis fex rubris. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 800. 12. | Fab. Ent. Syft. T. p. 1. 3.70. 43. Reef. Inf. 3. tab. 8. Frifch. Inf. 13. tab. 1. fig. 2. Cram. Inf. 3. tab. 25. B. The Sphinx Celerio ftands pre-eminent in the lift of the Infects of this country, whether we confider its rarity, or uncommon beauty. Indeed, amongft the Infects of this tribe that are brought from remote countries, even from Afia, which boafts the moft fplendid fpecies, the varieties of Sphinx Celerio are often the moft beautiful; it muft however be owned, that, in countries where the D climate, 26 Pa, Ade sO. (CXC. climate, and luxuriance of the foil contribute to enrich the juices of the plants on which the Infeéts are nourifhed, they are larger, and their colours more vivid than any of the fame kind produced in the northern countries of Europe. Several years fince, Mr. Francillon, of Norfolk-ftreet in the Strand, had a living fpecimen of this Infe€t brought to him: it was taken in Bunhill-fields burying-ground. It is ftill preferved in his cabinet. We have heard of other fpecimens being taken in this country ; but the only inftance we can quote with confidence is, that Mr. Latham, formerly of Dartford, and well known for his fcientific refearches in natural hiftory, has a fpecimen which was taken at Eltham, in Kent. Few collections of confequence are without this Infect, but they are in general natives of Germany. Roefel has given a figure of this Sphinx, with its larva and pupa; and, as we could never reafonably expe& to meet with it in thefe itates in England, correct copies of his figures are given in Plate rgr. ‘The works of Roefel are not in the hands of many; and, we are convinced, that Plate will be acceptable to moft of our readers. Sphinx Celerio is found on the vine. PLATE t) 192 Sf ag] Pi Alhobaa GHCTh PHALENA HEXAPTERATA. SerarHim Moru, | LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS, Firft wings varied with brown and grey. Second pair white, with an appendage at the bafe of each, refembling a fmall wing. PuHaLana HexaprTera: feticornis. alis fufco grifeoque variis: pofticis albis bafi duplicatis. Fab. Ent. Sy/t. Tom. 3. ps 2053 233. Phakena Hexapterata. Wien. Verz. 109. To. Fabricius has given an accurate defcription* of this extraordinary Infe& ; but he makes no reference to any work that contains a figure of it. ‘The nineteenth plate of Kleman’s Continuation of Roeffel’s Infecten-Beluftigungen, entitled Infecten-Gefchichte, certainly * Media. Alz antice grifee, fufco undatae imprimis bafi apiceque, in medio parum dilutiores lunula fufca. Poftice albae ad bafin ala notha, rotundata, alba, immaculata. Subtus omnes cineree putito medio, fufco.—Fab, E ef{caped 30 PLUACTC €Xci. efcaped his notice; for in that plate we find both fexes, Figures d; 5: from this account we learn that Phalena Hexapterata is a native of Germany. The female has four wings: the male appears at firft fight to have fix, which is more than any tribe of Infeéts are furnifhed with;'a fmall appendage very much refembling a wing, and of the fame texture, arifes from the bafe of the fecond pair of wings next the abdomen. The nerves of the true wing ramify into this appendage ; which when the Infect is expanded, give it moft fingular appearance. In the annexed plate this appendage is mag- nified, to enable us more accurately to exhibit its true form and tendons. ; Our fpecimen was taken on Epping Foreft'in 1795. It is very rare in England. Fabricius fays it feeds on the Beech*. % Habitat in Fago Sylvatica. PLATE Wee ee WS ame rea o PL A TE CXC: PHALENA PYRAMIDEA. Correr-UnpERWwING Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC GHARACTER. Antenne taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Firft wings dark brown, with three waved ftripes of yellowifh colour acrofs the upper wings. Second wings ferruginous brown. PHaLanaA Pyramipea. Neéiua criftata, alis fufcis, ftrigis tribus undatis flavefcentibus repandis, pofticis ferrugineis. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 856. 181.—Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. 232. 119.—Ent. Syft. I. 2. p: 2. 98. 290. Phalena feticornis fpirilinguis, alis deflexis, fuperioribus fufcis, lineis tranf{verfis undulatis nigris, inferioribus ferrugineis. Geoff. Inf. 2. 160. 99. Phalena media, alis longis anguftis, exterioribus linealis et areolis nigris, albis atro rubentibus tranfverfis pulcre depictis, interioribus obfcure rubris. Raj. Inf. 159. 9. The fingular pyramidal protuberance on the ‘pofterior part of the Caterpillar ‘has furnifhed an excellent fpecific name for the perfect Infe&t. It is found on the Oak, Sallow, and Blackthorn in May 5 Bre changes 32 PE APT EE, EXCH. changes to the pupa ftate the firft week in June; the Moth comes forth in July. The Caterpillar fpins a fine white filken web between two or three leaves in the manner reprefented in the plate at Fig. 1. Fig. 2. the chryfalis, which the web envelopes. Phalzna pyramidea is not a common fpecies in this country. PLATE 192 C sgt fh PiA LT B CXCIV. CHRYSOMELA FASTUOSA. COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz like a necklace of beads, encreafing in bulk towards the ends. No margin round the elytra or thorax. ° SPHCTFIC (Cita RACTER AND SYNONYMS. ‘Oval, fhining like gold, withthree longitudinal ftripes of blue on | the fhells. CHRYSOMELA FASTUOSA; ovata aurea, coleoptris lineis tribus coeruleis. Fab. Sy/?. Ent. 101. 36.—Spec. Inf. 1. 124. 48.—Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 588.18. Chryfomela viridis nitida, thorace antice excavato, fafciis elytrorum longitudinalibus coeruleis. Geoff. Inf. 1. 261. 11. Coccinella fafluofa. Scop. Ent. carn. 232. This-beautiful Infe@ is rarely takenin England: we fometimes receive it from Germany, where it is more common ; a variety of it is alfo a native of North America. E3 | The 34 PLATE CXC. The natural fize is fhewn at Fig. 1. In fome fpecimens blue is | the predominant colour, in others a fine bronze or golden hue; ths fexes are diftinguifhed by the colours in many inftances. PLATE 195 ci Pid [a5 } PEA wh). CACY. SP HIN 2 ON ALA, RED-BELTED SPHINX. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Antenne thickeft in the middle. Wings when at reft deflexed, Fly flow, morning and evening only. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Wings tranfparent, veined, margined witha band, or ftreak of black. Abdomen bearded at the extremity, black ; with one fegment in the middle, red. This is clearly an undefcribed Infect. It bears the ftrongeft affinity to the Sphinx Tipuliformis of Linnzus; but as the zone or belt of red colour is an unerring diftinétion of our Infed, it cannot belong to that fpecies. Fabricius having feparated the Linnzan fphinges into three new genera, Sphinx, Sefia, and Zygaena, this Infe& mu({t be included under the genus Sefia of his fyftem ; two of the fpecies he has defcrited under that head, S. culiciformis and tenthrediniformis bear fome refemblance to our Sphinx Zonata, but are certainly diftinct fpecies. Sphinx Zonata is rare in England; the natural fize is fhewn at Fig. 1. of the annexed plate. The fine purple appearance of the _ body difappears in fpecimens that have been kept long in a cabinet. E 4 PLATE iE? 28 shed re. a Ses r a SS ¢ r 37 4] PLATE CXCVI. PHALENA WAUARITIA. L, or GoosEsERRY Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper fromthe bafe. Wingsin general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings grey: four black, irregular ftripes on the interior part of | ‘the upper wings; one refembling letter L. - PHatzna Wauaria: pettinicornis, alis cinereis, anticis fafciis quatuor nigris abbreviatis inzqualibus. Linn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 863. 219.—Fn. Sv. 1248.—Fab. ne Inf- 2» 240- 43: Phalena minor, alis amplis cinereo albicantibus 4 in exteriorum margine maculis linearibus e rufo nigricantibus. Raj. Inf. 179. Merian Eursp. I. tab. 25. fig. 151. Frifch. Inf. 3. tab. 3. fig. 1. Reef. Inf. 1. phal. 3. tab. 4. Wilks Pap. 52. tab. 2. as 2. Ammiral. Inf. tab. 13. figs 2 3 Except 38 PLATE €XCVI, Except Phalena Groffulariata*, figured in the early part of this work, few fpecies are more common than this, on the fmaller kinds of fruit trees, but particularly the Goofeberry. Harris calls it the L Moth from a fuppofed refemblance of that letter in fome of the dark marks on the upper wings. i The young Caterpillars appear almoft as early as the leaves, and change to chryfalis late in may; in this ftate they remain about twenty days before the Moth is produced. | * Currant Moth. PILJAVT ES ; 9) ‘ 39 J Bi & ek: CRCVIL SLRE xX’ G1TG «A's: Larcest TaiLep Wasp. HYMENOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Two ftrong jaws. Palpi two. Antennz filiform, of about - twenty-four joints. Sting projected, ferrated like a faw. Abdo- men terminate in a fpine. Wings lance-fhaped. SPECIFIC CHARACTER ; “i AND SYNONYMS. Abdomen of nine fegments ; the 3, A, 5, 6, black; the others yellow. ‘Thorax hairy. SrrEx Gigas abdomine ferrugineo : fegmentis. 3.4. 5. 6 nigris, thorace villofo. Linn. Sy. Nat. 2. 928. 1.— Fn. Sv. 1573. Fab. Ent. Syft. 2« p. 124. 139. Roef. Inf. 2. Velp. tab. 8. 9. Sulz. Inf. tab. 18. fig. 114. Scheff. Icon tab. 1. figs 2. 3. Reaum. Inf. 6. tab. 31. fig. 1. 2. Degeer Inf. 1. tab. 36. fig. 1. 2. Seb. Muf. 4. tab. 53. fig. 15. The 40 PL atre! €Xcvi. The Sirex genus, as it ftands in the Entomologia Syftematica of Fabricius, includes only twenty-fix {pecies; thefe are chiefly Euro- pean Infects; but very few are natives of this country. The Sirex | Gigas is found in the north of Europe; it has been taken in England, but very rarely: Yeats and Berkenhout mention it as a Britifh fpecies, and we have been informed that it is fometimes taken in Scotland. It is likely to be met with in Pine forefts, as the female feems to prefer that wood to depofit her eggsin. As ne@ Englifh Entomologift has attempted to defcribe the peculiar habits of this tribe of Infects, and efpecially of Sirex Gigas, the following particulars may be fatisfactory to our readers. The extenfive forefts of Germany furnifhed the accurate Roefel with many opportunities of finding and obferving the metamorphofis of Infects that are rarely to be found in other parts of Europe ; and this enabled him to favour the world with a particular defcription and feries of figures of all the changes of Sirex Gigas, in the Bom- byliorum et Vefparum of his Infeéten Beluftigung. His figure of the female Infe&t agrees with that we have given; the male is confi- derably fmaller, and has no fting*. The fting of the female confifts of three parts, a fheath which divides into two parts or valves, and a fine inftrument fomewhat refembling a needle; it is with this in- ftrument it wounds its enemies, and the fting is faid to caufe an excruciating pain. The microfcope difcovers this part to be befet with a number of very minute teeth, like the edge of a faw: with this fting the creature can pierce the wood of found trees; for we fufpet, it does not always depofit its eggs in fuch as are decayed, but rather in fuch as will fupply the larva with nourifhment when it is hatchec. The eggs are laid in clufters of two or three hundred together ; they are of a pale yellow colour, about the thirtieth part of an inch in length, and fhaped like a weaver’s fhuttle. The larva lives in the body of the tree, enlarging its habitation as it increafes in fize, for it never leaves the tree till it becomes a winged creature. * This is a generical diftin€tion. The PLATE CXCVIL At \ The larva when full grown is about an inch and a quarter in length, and as thick as a goofe quill. It is aheavy fluggifh creature, almoft cylindrical, the head very {mall, and the whole of an uniform pellucid yellowifh colour. It has a fmall fpine at the end of the body like thofe by which the larva of fome fpinges are diftinguifhed: this fpine is alfo a ftriking character in the perfect Sirex. In the pupa the form of the winged creature is more vifible than in the larva {tate ; it is of a browner colour than the larva, and the rudiment of ‘the fting and legs are very vifible. In the early editions of the Syftema Nature of Linnzus, the firices are arranged with the ichneumons in one genus; but later obfervations induced Linnzus to make two genera of them in hig laft works. Geoffroy and Scheffer have added fome particulars to the Linnzan generic character ; thefe principally relate to the num- ber of joints in the tarfi. PLATE ite : At C47i 3 BL at & Gxcvil.. SCOLOPENDRA FORFICATA., APTERA. wiITHOoUtT WINGs. GENERIC CHARACTER. ‘The fame number of feet as fegments of the body. Antenna fetaceous. Palpi two, jointed. Body depreffed or flat. SPECIFIC CHARACTER | AND SY NONTMS. Feet fifteen on each fide. ScOLOPENDRA ForricaTA: pedibus utrinque 15. Linn. Syf. Nat. 2. 1062. 3.—fn. Su. 2064.—Geoffr. Inf. 2. 674. 1. — Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. 532+ 3.—Ent. Syft. 2. 390. 4. Scolopendra rufo fufca, pedibus utrinque 15. Degeer Inf. 7. 557. Le tab. 25. fig. 12. Sulz. Inf. tab. 24. fig 155- Scheff. 1. pl. 46. 12.. This fingular creature not only changes its {kin feveral times ; but, as it advances in age the fegments of which the body is compofed increafe in number: the Infeét when full grown has nine fuch feg- ments. Linnzus mentions it as a native of America: in many 3 parts 44 PLA ‘T BYCcxcvil. parts of Europe it is not uncommon: in England it is found under loofe {tones in damp places, and runs {wiftly. Fabricius has made a falfe quotation under this fpecies to the Fundamenta Entomologica of Scheffer ; as errors will occur in the moft accurrate works, we fhould not deem it neceffary to notice this circumftance, if he had not continued the fame miftake from his Species InfeCtorum publifhed in 1781 to his lafl work Ento- mologia Syftematica, emenda et aucta, &c. publifhed in 1793.— his reference is Scheff. Elem. tab. 3. fig. 1.—On examining that part of Schzffer’s works, we find the figure he quotes is a fpider! Scolopendra forficata is given in the 46th plate of Vol. I. of that author’s Icones Infectorum circa Raftifbonam indigenorum, Sc. as quoted amongft the fynonyms above. : The Scolopendra forficata is, we believe, the largeft of the genus found in this country. In many parts of the world, fome kinds are found of a frightful fize and afpe&t; the Scolopendra Morfitans of the Eaft-Indies, is about five inches in length, and as thick as a goofe quill. Sir G. Staunton, in his Hiftorical Account of the Embaffy to China, mentions the Scolopendras and {corpions of that country: we have one fpecies of the former from China that ex- ceeds in magnitude every one of the genus we have feen from other parts of the world, and is perhaps the largeft known; it is near one foot in length, and is about one inch and an half round the girth of the body ; the colour is of a fine fhining cheftnut brown, the legs inclining to yellow. The molt fingular Infect of ‘this kind in England is the Scolopendra electrica, which fometimes emits a {park’ or flafh of light in the dark. Fig. I. reprefents the underfide of the head and antenna, mag~ nified. PLATE sy ee) mq! E45] PLATE CXCIX, PAP ITE OS C. album: Comma BuTTERFLy: LEPIDOPTERA? GENERIC CHARACTER: Antenne terminate in a club. Wings, when at reft, ere. Fly _by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONIrMS. Wings deeply {calloped, angulated, reddifh brown, with black fpots. Beneath, a white fpot refeimbling letter C on the under wings. Papitio C. album: alis angulatis fulvis nigro maculatis, pofticis fubtus. C. albo notatis. Lin. Syft. Nat. 2. 778. 168.—Fn. Sv. 1059.—Fab. Spec. Inf. 2. 93. 409. Robert. Icon. tab. 23. Merian. Europ. tab. 14. fig. 1. Reaum. Inf. 1. tab. 27. fig. 9. 10s Harris Aurel. tab. 1. fig. a—d. Raoef. Inf. 1. pap, %. tab.'5. Efp. pap. t. tab. 13. fig. 3. Bergfiraff. Inf. 2. tab. 38. fig. 5. Seb. Muf. 4. tab. 1. fig. G. _ Incolours and markings the Comma Butterfly feems at firft fight allied to Papilio Urtice (Lortcifefbell Butterfly), but the elegant f{cal- lops of the margins of the wings fufficiently diftinguifhes it FE. _ from a6 PLAT CXCIX, from every other Britith fpecies: indeed wings indentated in this remarkable manner are rarely feen in any Infects, thofe from foreign countries not excepted. Papilio Gaureum, a native of Afia according to Fabricius, and figured amongft the Infe&s found in North Ame- rica, by Abbot, approaches nearer to it than any diftin@ fpecies we are acquainted with. The larva is known by a broad white fpace on the back that extends from the pofterior extremity to the eighth joint of the body: it has one peculiarity that muft not be omit- ted ; when it is fufpended by the tail from a {mall twig or leaf, the head is bent upwards, and the whole creature perfectly refembles hook. There is more than one brood of this fpecies in a year: the But. terflies are generally found in June, the fecond brood late in Auguft. The Caterpillars are fometimes found in February, but oftener in July ; they remain about a fortnight in chryfalis, PLATE 200 Co 4d PSLiA Dk wGc, PAPILIO DAPLIDICE. BatTH-WHITE BuTreRFLy. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne terminate in a club. Wings erect when at reft. Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings round, white. Margin brown, underfide marked with yellow, green, and white fpots. Papit10 DapLipIceE: alis integris rotundatis albis, margine fufcis, . fubtus luteo grifeis albo maculatis. Lin. Sy/?. Nat. 2. 760. 81. Papilio Daplidice. Pall Spicil. fafc. 9 ahs '2; Cramer Inf. 15. tab. 171. fig. C.D. Seb. Muf. 4. tab. 23. fig. 11.12.15. 16. Schaff. Icon. tab. 79. fig. 2. 3. Petiv. Gazoph. tab. 1. fig. 7. cian £2 eee In a former defcription we have noticed the locality of one fpecies ~ of the Butterfly tribe (Pap. Hero) in this country; of the Pap. Daplidice we have alfo to obferve, that it is only found in the envi- -sons of Bath. We have been informed that it is found in fome part 4s ‘P Lye TB, CC. part of Scotland, but our information does not fully authorize us t¢ give it as a native of that part of the Britifh empire. If it is any where cammon, it is in Germany and in Hungary. It is found in Africa, and we have alfo a variety of it from North Ame- rica. Fabyicius does not mention it as a native of England; and it is fo fearce with us that few Englith cabinets have a fpecimen of it. The trivial appellation Bath-White Butterfly has been given to it by fome Englifh Entomologifis. The {mall number of foreign authors who have figured this f{pecies fufficiently notes its fcarcity in Europe, and we are not acquainted with the works of any Englifh author that has a figure of it. . PLATE os as) | Pyke TB CCL PANORPA COMMUNIS. NEUROPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Beak horny, cylindrical. Palpi 2. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings, equal length, fpotted with black. PANORPA COMMUNIS: alis zqualibus nigro maculatis. Lez. Sy. Wari 2.) O05.) Ti. Fn. Sv. 15. 16. Geoff. Inf. 2. 260. 1. tab. tA. fig. 2. Degrer. Inf.2. 2, 80. tab. 24. fiz. 2. die Reaum. Inf. 4, tab. 8. fig. 9. Sulz. Fiift. Inf. tab. 25. fig. 5, 6. Scheff. Icon. tab. 88. fig. 7. ‘The Panorpa communis is very common in fields in the fummer. Its metamorphofis is entirely unknown. The tail of the male is armed with a weapon, fomewhat refem- bling the fting of a {corpion. ‘The tail of the female has an appen- dage, but very diferent in its ftru@ure. Thofe parts of both fexes are reprefented in our plate, of the natural fize, and magnified. G PLATE ec ie, Sa ti teueeyee a, 4 S PL wT B. CCH SEY GIL): PHALENA DITARIA. Maip of Honor MorTs#*. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Aintennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONIrMS. Antennz feathered. Wings green, with brown fpots near the Margins. PHAtana Dirarta: pectinicornis alis viridibus: maculis margina- libus ferrugineis. Fab. Ent. Sy/t. 3. p. 2. 152. 82. Phalena bajularia: Wien. Verz. 97. 6. - ‘This appears to be a local fpecies. It has been found for many years paft in the month of June, near the Oak of Honor, by Peckham. We have never heard that it has been taken in any other place in England. ® Harris's Catal, 31, 218. G2 Fabricius 52 PLA % 6) CCl Fabricius refers only to one author for this fpecies. He fays it feeds on the oak. Weare uncertain whether it has ever been figured ; any work before. —— ee SSS PLGa on PHALZENA ALBICILLATA. Crirpen Beauty. LEPIDOPTERA. PHALANA. ° SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Antennz fetaceous. Wings whitith in the difk, with a broad mar- gin of pale black. A large dark {pot on the interior part of the upper wings. PHALZNA ALBICILLATA: feticornis alis omnibus nigricantibus: fafcia lata alba immaculata. Linn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 870. 255.—Ln. Sv. 1278.—Fab. Ent. Syft. 3. 182. 190. Clerk. Icon. tabs 1. fig. 12. Knoch. Beytr. 1. 40. 1. tab. 2. fig. 8. The trivial appellation, Clifden Beauty, has been given to this Infe& by fome early Englifh entomologifts, who had not met with it in any other part of the country. It has fince been taken in feveral other parts of the kingdom ; but in Kent particularly. Clerk deemed it worthy of a place among his rarities; and it is ftill con- fidered an exceeding fcarce and fine fpecies. Our fpecimen waé ‘aken in June, 1797, in Darent Wood, Dartford. PLATE CCU. | 53 Pol G.) Ti: PHALANA PORCELLATA. Ciirpen Beauty LIKENESS. LEPIDOPTERA. PHALANA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Antenne fetaceous, Firft wings white, with three brown bands, a white {pot on the exterior one. Second wings white, with a brown margin. PHALANA PorRCELLATA: feticornis alis anticis albis: fafciis tribus fufcus; media dimidiata, poftica marginali: macula alba. ab. Ent. Syf?.3. 185. 201. Phalzna Porcellata. Wien. Verz. 114. 1. The fimilarity of this to the foregoing fpeeies, induced us to figure both on the fame Plate, Phalena Porcellata is very common in fummer. It appears in the winged ftate about the latter end of May. Linnzus has not defcribed this Infect. Fabricius has given its {pecific charaCter, above quoted. We fufpect that it has not been figured by any author. G3 PLATE BS hd weeds isi etree m1 nl 8 renBlUAAL ta ith a 1 v? } gh chile Bie: th i One oF 4, HPAL TRE Roe TSO LAGS atas on oe r% . en Z . | 7 E55 J PLATE CCI. FULGORA EUROPA. European LANTERN CARRIER. HEMIPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Forehead elongated. Antenne below the eyes, confift of two articulations. Beak or roftrum bent inwards under the body. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Fore part of the head conic, body green. Wings tranfparent, reticulated. Futcora Europa: fronte conica, corpore viridi alis hyalinis reticulatis. Lznn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 704..Q fab. Ent. Syft. 4. p. 6. 19. Sulz. Fifi. Inf. tab. 9. fig. §. Stoll. Cicad. 1. tab. 11. fig. 51. Simple as this little cteature may’ appear to the general reader, the Entomologifts of this country efteem it a rarity; for it was not imagined that England produced any fpecies of its fingular genus till lately. G4 Mr 56 PLA He. Cin. Mr. Yeats, in his Inftitutions of Entomology,"mentions two fpe- cies of it that have been caught in this country ; one by Mr. Hudson, author of the Flora Arglica, the other by Mr. Grey. It is to be lamented, that he does not inform us precifely what were the {pecies. Welearn that Fulgora Europza was the Infect taken by Mr. Hudfon; the other feems undetermined. The Fulgora Europza very much refembles fome of the Cicada in form and fize, and have, therefore, been probably overlooked by Englifh collectors of Infe@ts. Fabricius defcribes it as a native of France and Germany; but it is very fcarce in cabinets of foreign Infects alfo. Perhaps it is not common in any country. This fpecies does not exhibit any prominent features of its fin- gular genus; it has only a {mall conic hollow projection, or lantern, on the fore-part of ihe head, inftead of the large projection that charac- terife moft of the exotic Fulgore. It is not unlikely, however, that it may pofiefs, though in a {mall degree, the aftonifhing property of diftufing a radiance of light, which particularly diftinguith FP. Lan- ternaria of South America, F. Candelaria of China, and feveral other fpecies. “The light of fome of thefe Infe&s, according to the seports of Naturalifts, and travellers in foreign countries, is fuffi- ciently vivid and conflant to anfwer many purpofes. Some of the Catholic miffionaries affert, that they could fee diftin@tly to read and write by the light of one of them; and that feveral of them being faftened together, ferve to light the Indians when they travel in the night. ; The roftrum, or beak, through which the Fulgore Europza (like others of the fame genus) fucks its nutriment, feetns to form a part of the hollow projeGtion in the front of the head ; the tube lays clofe to the belly, between the fix legs. To explain the fingular ftru@ture of this tube or roftrum, we have given a front and a profile view of it as it appeared under the lens of a microfcope, 4 Our PLATE CCI. $7 Our {pecimen is altogether green, except the wings; the recticu- lations of which are alfo of the fame colour; and as in Sulzer’s figure, the clear parts of the wings were ftrongly tinged with green alfo. PLATE ie [se J Poly A . DE » CCE, BG: 1, mare aoe Sage SPHINX LINEATA. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz thickeft in the middle. Fly flow morning and evening only. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYN OCN Ye Ss: Firft wings greenifh, or olive colour, with bands and ftreaks of white. Second wings black with a broad red band on each. SpHINX LINEATA: alis virefcentibus: fafcia ftriifque albis, pofticis nigris: fafcia rubra. Fab. Ent. Sy/t. t.3. p. 1. 368. 39. Sphinx Daucus Cram. Inf. 11, tab. 125. fig. D. Sphinx Koechlini. Fuefl. Arch. 1. tab. 4. This fine Infe& is a native of Europe and America. It has a place in every cabinet of Englifh Infeéts; but on what authority it will be difficult now to determine. It is highly probable, that the teftimony of its difcovery in England is now forgotten, like that of Papilio Podalirius, figured in another part of this work. The following defcription of its Caterpillar, which we have feen preferved, and in foreign drawings, will enable the curious in Infects to fearch after it with, at leaft, a diftant chance of fuccefs. ‘The 9 general 60 PLA Re PCC. general colour of the Caterpillar is green, varied with yellow ; and fome ftreaks and fpots of red down the hack; it has alfo a large black fpot on each fide every fegment ; the head is black; and it has a {pine, or tail. This is the appearance of it in one fkin; it cafts its fkin feveral times, and will therefore vary in fome degree from this account.—The pupa is yellowifh brown, fpeckled with black. Tt feeds on Ladies Bed-firaw, Madder, Goofe-grafs, &c. FIG. IL. PHALANA SifA Ti Ge Ss. FORRESTER. LEPIDOPTERA. SPHINX. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Firft wings green blue; fecond brown. Spuinx Srarices: Linn. Syfi. Nat. 2. 808. 470.—Fn. Sv. 1098. ZYGOENA STATICES: viridi coerulea alis pofticis fufcus. Fad. Ent. Syft. T. 3. p. 1.4.06. 68. Geoff. Inf. 2. 129. 40. Robert. Icon. tab. 30. fig. 1. Petiv. Muf. 35. 329+ Schaff. Icon. tab. %. fig. Q» Efp. Inf. 2. tab. 18, fig. 2. Found in the winged ftate in May.—Frequents meadows. The larva is defcribed of a very deep black, with a line of white down the back, and fome lunar fpots of the fame colour in different parts. It feeds on docks. PLATE We | PLAT Et icy. BORG) 11 1.0%, CURCULIO LAPATHI. COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne clavated, elbowed in the middle, and fixed in the fnout, which is prominent. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Snout long, two teeth on the thighs. White and black varied. Thorax and wing cafes rough with prickles. Curcutio Laparai: longiroftris femoribus bidendatis albo ni- groque variis, thorace elytrif{que muricatis—Linn. Syft. Nat. 608. 20.—Im, Su. 591. Fab. Ent. Syft. 1. 429. Curculio Lapathi: Ol. Inf. 83. fig. 69. 6. Degeer Inf. 5. 223.16. tab. 7. fig. 1. Be Found on the Willow in May. _ The figures 1. ¥. exhibit the natural fize and magnified appear- ance. FIG. 63 P LA Pas (CC. iGs Oo. £. CURCULIO HORTFULANUS: CoLEOPTERA: CuRCULIO. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Nearly globular. Ath colour, with two black fpots on the lor= gitudinal future of the wing cafes. Curcutio Horturanus: fubglobofus cinereus, punttis duobus nigro future longiiudinalis coleoptrorum.—-Geoff. 1« 298. 48. Villers. 1. 202. 118. Fabricius has omitted this fpecies in his works, though Geoffroy and Villers have both defcribed it. It is found on plants of the fcrophularia genus (figwort.) FIG, Pichi Coy, 63 123 Ca a CURCULIO AVELLANE. COLEOPTERA. CurcuLtio, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Black. A lunated, oblique, whitifh mark near the bafe, anda white fpot near the apex of each wing cafe. Curcutio AVELLAN#: nigra elytris bafi interne lunula fafciaque ante apicem albis. - This minute Infe& feems to form an intermediate f{pecies between Salicis and C. Caprea. It is an undefcribed Infe&t. Inthe MS. of T. Marfham, efq; it ftands under the fpecific name Avellane.— Was found on the Willow in June. PLATE ‘ hain ¢ pave ROS Pb, Awl: E ,-CCVE. PAPTLIO 10. Peacock BuTttTerFLy. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. _ Antenne clubbed at the end. Wings erect when at reft.~ Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wines angulated, indented. Bright brown, with {pots of black. A large blue eye on each wing, Papizio Io: alis angulato dentatis fulvis nigro maculatis: fingulis ocello coeruleo.—Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 769. 131.—n. Sv. 1048.—Fab. Ent. Syft. 1.3. p. 4. 88. 276. Reef. Inf. 1. pap. 1. tab. 3. Wilk. Pap. tab. 3. a 2. Reaum. Inf. 1. tab. 25. fig. 1. 2. Scheff. Icon. tab. g4. fig. t: Merian. Europ. 1. tab. 26. Albin. Inf. tab. 3. fig. 4. Goed. tab. 1. fig. 2.3. Lifp. Pap. 1. tab. 5. fig. 2. H We 66 PLAY Ee €v i. We have not a more beautiful Infe@ in this country than the Peacock Butterfly. It is, indeed, too common to claim the parti- cular notice of Entomologifts; but to thofe who admire moft the fplendid fpecies of this beautiful tribe of creatures, it will probably prove acceptable. ‘The underfide is entirely of a fhining dark co- lour, with innumerable waved ftreaks of black. “The upperfide is reprefented in the annexed plate. The Caterpillars, which are black, befet with fpines, and ele- gantly marked with rows of white {pots, are frequently found feed- ing on the nettles, and other low herbage by the fides of ditches. They change to the chryfalis ftate the firft week in July, and appear in the winged flate twenty-one days after. PLATE as j ‘ TR oh 207 1. 67 | Pt Aw E CCVIT JULUS TERRESTRIS. APTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Feet on each fide double the number of the fegments of the body. Antennz beaded Palpi 2. jointed. Body femicircular. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Feet 200. Jutus Terrestris: pedibus utrinque 100. Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 1065. 3.—Jn. Suv. 2066.—Fab. Ent. Syft. ha 204.70. Degeer Inf. 7. 578. Geoff. Inf. eae. i. Frifche Inf. 2. tab. 8. fig. 3 Sulz. Inf. tab. 24. fig. 156. Sulz. Hift. Inf. tab. 30. fig. 15. This fingular creature is found of a vaft magnitude in foreign countries. We poffefs one of that kind between four and five inches in length. In Europe, or at leaft in England, they are feldom con- fiderably larger than the annexed figure. It has two pair of feet to every fegment of the body. Thefe are very minute, but give a remarkable appearance to the Infe&. It is found in damp places, generally under ftones. Bob AVE iS by aT ate Y : ae . A y; 6g." 4 PLATE CCVIII. PHALENA FIMBRIA, BrRoAD-BORDERED YELLOW-UNDERWING Mor#, LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Nocruva. Thorax crefted. Firft wings clay-colour, marked with ob{cure bands or ftreaks. Second wings reddifh orange, witha broad bar of black. Poacana Frmprta: criftatata alis plants grifeo fafciatis; pofticis helvolis: macula lineari atra. Linn. Sy/?. Nat. 2. 842. 123.—Fab. Ents Syft. T. 3. p. 2. 59 165. Wien. Verz. 87. 18. Schreb. Inf. fig. 9. This rare Infc& is diftinguithed from ‘wo very common fpecies that are allied to it, by the broad border of black on the under wings, as its trivial name implies. In the lerva ftate, it is one of that kind collectors denominate under-ground feeders: fubfifting chiefly on the roots of grafs, and never coming out of the ground till the evening, for which reafon it is very rarely taken. I The 70 P DA ae CCV: The Moth is very delicate in its appearance; the Caterpillar quite plain. Our fpecimen changed to cryfalis early in May, and produced the moth in the middle of June. Fabricius was not informed that it was a native of this country, as appears by his laft work, in which he defcribes it only as a native of Germany. PIA Co 7 ey Ae es CORN. CERAMBYX LINEATOCOLLIS. COLEOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz articulated, diminifhing in fize towards the end. Thorax gibbous, or fpined on the fides. Elytra narrow, and of equal breadth. SPECIFIC GHARAGCHE RK: Entirely covered with hair, greehifh. Thorax unarmed with fpines, cylindrical, marked with yellow lines, fhells without fpots, brown. , Crerameyx LINEATOCOLLIs: villofus viridefcens, thorace mutica cylindrico flavo-lineato, elytris immaculatis fufcis.— Marfham’s MS. aaa RERRInER oe We mutt confider this as a new Britifh fpecies of Cerambyx, neither Linnzus nor Fabricius having given any defcription of it. It is defcribed only in the manufcripts of T. Marfham, Efq. whofe accurate definition of its characters we have adopted. It appears to be a local fpecies. The only two fpecimens that have occurred to our notice, having been taken in the Ifle of Ely, Cambridgefhire. Our fpecimen was found on the bark of the willow. 4 PLATE A tL 7 Pina Tbs CC PHALENA LANESTRIS; LirtLte Eccer Morn. LEPIDOPTERA, GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. BomByx. Antenne of the male pectinated, of the female fetaceous, SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SON ONY MS: Wings ferruginous, firft pair with a white ftripe acrofs each: a white fpot near the bafe, and another in the middle of each. PuHaLana LanestTris: alis reverfis ferrugineis: ftriga alba, anticis puncto bafique albis.—Linn. Syf?, Nat. 2. 815. 28.— Fn, Sv. 1105. Fab. Ent. Syft. 3. p. 1. 429. 68. Wien Verz. 57.2. Reef. Inf. 1. phal. 2. tab. 62. The Caterpillars of the little Egger Moth, feed on black and white thorn, willow, lime-tree, &c. The female depofits a large clufter of eggs in a tuft of hair colle€ted from her body. When |e thefe 74 PL ArT EC coy are hatched, the young begin to fpin a ftrong white web, which they enlarge as their fociety increafes; they remain together till they have devoured all the leaves of the plant on which they are hatched, or till they are arrived at full fize to change into the chryfalis ftate. Thefe Caterpillars are not very uncommon in fome parts of the country, efpecially in Kent. They are ready to change to chryfalis {tate latein June. “The Moth is not produced till April following. The trivial Englifh name, Egger Moth, is given to this, and two or three other Moths, from the fimilitude of the cafe in which the chryfalis is inclofed to the fhape of egg. PLATE DI ‘hi la oa Be AB. COT. PAPILIO MACHAON. SwWALLOW-LAIL BuTTERFLY. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz clubbed at the end. Wings erect when at reft. Fly by day. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wings and tails of a yellow colour, with broad fpaces of brown marked with yellow lunar fpots. A reddifh fpot on the interior angle of the lower wings. Paprit1o Macwaon: alis caudatis concoloribus flavis: limbo fufco; lunulis flavis, angulo ani fulvo.—Linn. Sy/?. Nat. 2. 750. 33.— Ln. Sv. 1031.—Fab. Ent. Syft. 2. p. 1. 87. Roef. Inf. 1. pap. 2. tab. 1. Wilk, Pap. tab. 47. tab. t. at. Merian. Europ. Inf. 94. Frifchs Inf. 2. tab. 10. Scheff. Icon. tab. 45. fig. 1, 2. Seba Muf. 4. tab. 32. fig. 9, 10. Geoff. Inf. 2. 54. 23. Efp. Pap. 1. tab. 1. fig. 16 14 Papilio 46 PLA TE. CCX. Papilio Machaon and Papilio Podalirius are the only two fpecies of Swallow-tail Butterflies that have been found in England. Both are very fcarce, but Papilio Machaon lefs fo than Papilio Poda- lirius, of which a figure has been given in another part of this work. Entomologifls mention feveral parts of the country in which it has been taken, both in the larva and winged ftate. Harris fays it feeds on wild fennel and carrots; that one he found remained in the chry- falis ftate from the 23d of September to May the r5th following, and another, that changed July the 15th, produced a butterfly the roth of Auguft. He adds, that the fpecies was found in the mea- dows of Briftol and Weftram. From the number of foreign authors who have given figures of the Butterfly, we may imagine that it is very common on the Con- tinent. Thofe preferved in cabinets of Englifh Infedts are gene- rally brought from Germany, from whence alfo we fometimes receive preferved fpecimens of the Caterpillars. ew Avie 9 912. EP 77 | PLAT E «CCXIL MUEICEA EUROPA A. Eurorpean MotTILta. HYMENOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Generally want wings. Body covered with down. Thorax blunt at the bafe. Sting pointed; concealed within the body. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Head black. Thorax red. Abdomen black ; margins of fome feg- ments whitith. Mouritita Evropzma: nigra thorace rufo, abdominis fegmentis margine albo.—Fab. Ent. Sy/t.t. 3. 368. 9. Mutilla Europea, nigra abdomine fefciis duabus albis, thorace an- tice rufo.—Linn. Sy/t. Nat. 2. 966. 4.—Fn. Sv. 1727. Sulz. Hift. Inf. tab. 27. fig. 23, 24. Apis Aptera: Udm. Diff: 98. tab. 17. The Mutillz feems lefs clearly defined than moft of the Linnzan genera. ‘That author defcribed only a fmall number of the fpecies, and was even doubtful whether feveral that were placed under that divifion of his fyftem did not more properly belong to fome otherg efpecially to the ichneumons, among which feveral apterous infects are included. The 78 PLA Ee CCXH. The caufe of this uncertainty may be partly attributed to our entire ignorance of their manner of life or transformations. Some of the Mutille have wings, and others are without. Authors have con- fidered the apterous Infeéts as the females, and the winged kind as the males, which opinion is countenanced by numberlefs inftances in almoft every clafs of Infeéts. Others have however maintained that both males and females were winged, and that the apterous In- fe@ts were neuters, prefuming in fupport of fuch opinion, that the Mutillz lived in focieties like the Wafps, Ants, and Bees.—From obfervations on a number of exotic fpecies of this tribe, we have no doubt that the winged Infects are males, and the apterous kind females, Yeats alludes to three fpecies of Mutilla that have been found in England, but names only the Mutilla Europea; and this is the only kind we have ever found. We have taken it on a fandy path- way, near the entrance of Coombe Wood, SUITY. PLATE DG Door] P EA: Pot” “CORTE a PHALENA PRECOX. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne taper from the bafe, Wings in general deflexed when atreft. Fly by night. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Noctua. Thorax crefted. Wings deflexed. Firft pair afh-colour with two fpots on each, and a fhort dafh of red near the ends. Second pair reddifh brown. PHALZNA PRzCOx: criftata alis deflexis cinereis bimaculatis: pof- ticis fafcia rufa abbreviata.—Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 854. 174.—Fab. Ent. Syft. [. 3. p. 2. 97. 289. Roef. Inf. i. phal. 2. tab. 51. When the late Duchefs of Portland honoured the fcientific as well as practical part of Entomology with her patronage, her Grace difcovered, and reared from the caterpillars feveral {pecies of Phalzna, of which colle@ors were ignorant before. Phalana Przcox is among the number of thofe her Grace found in one of the Portland ifles ; and the fpecimen we have figured is one which formed part of her colleCtion. Fabricius 80 PL AT ERiCCm. Fabricius fays the larva feeds on the thiftle. The rarity of this creature induced us to depart from our ufual method, and copy the larva and pupa from the plate in the works of Roefel, apprehending it would be particularly interefting to Englifh naturalifts in general, as that author alone has reprefented it in thofe ftates ; and no col- leCtor that we are informed has met with it within the laft fifteen years. , PLATE 214 [ 8% J PLATE CCXIV. PHALZANA RUSSULA. CLoupeEp Burr Morn. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antennz taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. _. Wings deflexed, bright yellow. Margin and antennz blood red. A lunar-fhaped {pot on the middle of the wings. PHALANA RussuLa: alis deflexis luteis: marginefanguineo lunu- laque fufca, antennis fanguineis.—Fad. Ent. Syft. I. 3. p. 1. 180.—Linn. Syft. Nat. 2. 830. 71. Scheff. Icon. tab. 83. fig 4, 5- Clerk. Icon. tab. 4. fig. 1. Raj. Inf. 228. 75. As the Phalanx are not remarkable for a variety of gay colours, like thofe of the Papilio genus, an exception to a general rule in the beautiful fpecies before us, more ftrongly demands our notice. The male Phalzena Ruffula, which isknown by the pe¢tinated an- tennz, is of a fine golden yellow, witha rich, though narrow mar- ginal band of fanguineous red round the wings. “The female is a pretty Infe€t, but is more inclined to brown throughout than the male. This 82 PLATDRE CCXIV. This fpecies has been fuppofed to feed on grafs in the larva ftate, but as colle&tors have very rarely reared it from that ftate, it has been difficult to determine its proper food. Fabricius mentions lettuce and fcabious or devil’s-bit. The larva is hairy, and in many refpeéts very much refembles that of the Garden Tiger Moth, from which we may perhaps infer that it is a general feeder. We found the larva in May; fhortly after it fpun a web and paffed into the pupa ftate, from which the moth was produced the tith of June following. PLATE tc Oy PaehA BUSES wees Pre Tr BUC, PHALANGIUM CRANCROIDES. APTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Eight feet. Four eyes, two on the fummit of the head, and two others on the fides. Antennz refemble feet, and are placed at the fore-part of the head. Abdomen round. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Body of an oblong ovated form, flat. Claws fmooth, hairy at at the ends. PHALANGIUM CancroipESs: abdomine obovato depreflo, chelis levibus: digitis pilofis.—L7n. Sy/f. Nat. 2. 1028. 4. —Fn. Sv. 1968. SCORPIO CANcROIDES: abdomine ecaudato ovato depreflo fufco, manibus oblongis.—fab. Ent. Syft. T. 2. 436. to. Chelifer abdomine lineis tran{verfis.—Geoff. Inf. 2. 618. 1. Chelifer europzus ob{cure fulcis corpore ovato depreflo, chelis elon- gatis.—Degeer Inf. 7. 355. 2: tab. Q. fig. 4. Roef. Inf. 3. tab. 64. ' Lrifch. Inf. 8. tab. 3. Scheff. Elem. tab. 38. The fynonyms fufficiently denote the unfettled opinion of eminent ‘ naturalifts in refpect of the proper genus to which our Infect fhould be referred. We have followed the definition of Linnzus, becaufe it 84 PL, Arse ) CCX. it appears to us more characteriftic of the creature, which fhould have a lengthened articulated tail, terminated in a fharp crooked fting, to warrant us in placing it among the Scorpions. In the fy{tem of Fabricius this forms no part of his generical charaéter, but thofe who are accuftomed to depend only on the writings of Linnzus, would-be perplexed to reconcile the apparent difference between the Phalangia of that author, and the Scorpio of Fabricius. The general appearance of this creature, except the want of tail, is precifely that of a Scorpion in miniature. _ Mr. Adatns, in his Effay on the Microfcope, has figured and de- fcribed a new fpecies of this genus ; it is fmaller, and differs in form from our prefent fpecies : he calls it the Lobfter Infeh, We believe Phalangium Cancroides is the largeft Infect of the genus found in England that refembles a Scorpion. nile This Infect is fometimes found in the covers of eld books, in rotten wood, and other damp and decayed fubftances. We once found it faftened on the body of the MufcaVomitoria, Common Fleth Fly, from which it could not be extricated without killing and tear- ing the fly into pieces. Roefel has given a figure of it, and reprefented a parcel of its eges. They are of an oblong form, colour greenifh, and appear to be depofited in roundifh clufters of about thirty or forty eggs in each. The natural fize of our Infect is reprefented at Fig 1. rRA TE 216 n, 85.94 Polk PT Bogicxvip PHALANA LIBATRIX. Heratp Moru. LEPIDOPTERA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Antenne taper from the bafe. Wings in general deflexed when at reft. Fly by night. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS, Thorax crefted. Wings deflexed, varied with red and grey; two white fpots on the anterior wings; edges deeply ferrated or in- dented. PHaLtzna LipaTrix: criftata alis incumbentibus dentato erofis rufo grifeis: punctis duobus albis.—Lin. /y/?. Nat. 2. 831. 78.—im. Su. 1143. Fab. Ent. Syf?. u. 3. p. 2. 64. 181. Wren. Verz. 62. 1. Geoff. Inf. 1. 121. 26. Gecd. Inf. 1. tab. 67. Albin. Inf. tab. 32. figs 50- Scheff. Icon. tab. 24. fig. 1. 2 Roef. Inf. 4. tab. 20. Harris Inf. tab. 1. fig. G. D. Pod. Inf. 92. tab. 2. fig. 9- K The 86 : Pol ete COV The Caterpillar of this Infe@ is generally found under the bark of the willow and fallow, or on the rofe. It is probable there are two broods of it in the year, being fometimes taken in the winged {tate early in the fummer, but more commonly in the month of October ; this is the more likely, as the Englifh Aurelians firft called it the Herald, from an idea that its appearance warned them of ap- proaching winter. - This Infe&t remains about twenty-eight days in the pupa ftate, the Caterpillar not being found till the beginning of September, Bi. Lan ON Ae AY No EON? DD Bex. TO VOL. VI. COLEOPTERA. Chryfomela faftuofa = ’ = calminarienfis = 4 Mycetophagus quadrimaculatus - Curculio Lapathi as 2 u hortulanus = E avellanz ~ ~ he Cerambyx lineatocollis - - Meloe Monoceros =— =: = 2 HEMIPTERA. Fulgora Europza, European Lantern carrier LEPIDOPTERA. Papilio Machaon, Swallow-tail Butterfly ——— lo, Peacock Butterfly — = ———— C. album, Comma Butterfly - 5 i yee Plate 194 185 185 205 205 205 209 182 203 21s 206 199 2. Sec. Papilio LON a Be: Plate Fig. Papilio Daplidice, Bath White Butterfly - 200 Flero, Scarce Meadow Brown Butterfly 186 Arion, Mazarine Biue Butterfly 184 Sphinx Celerio, Silver Stripe Hawk Moth 190 Larva and pupa ~ I9t —— lineata x - 2 204. —— Siatices, Forrefter - - 204, Bo — Zonata, Red-belted Sphinx - 195 Phalena Libatrix, Herald Moth - 216 —— Laneftris, Little Egger Moth = 210% — Camelina, Dark prominent Moth 183 ———-~ Menthraftri - - 189 ————— fimbria, Broad-bordered Yellow Under- wing Moth _ “ t 208 — Precox - - 213 ~ ruffula, Clouded Buff Moth - 214. — pyramidea, Copper Underwing Moth 192 — exoleta, Sword-grafs Moth - 187 ——-— Ditaria, Maid of Honor Moth 202 I. — Albicillata, Clifden Beauty - 202 Ze - Porcellata, Clifden Beauty Likenefs 203 Be — Hexapterata, Seraphim Moth - 192 ———— Syringaria, Richmond Beauty Moth 181 —— Wauaria, L or Goofeberry Moth 196 em Tere N EURO LP AL ERAS Hemerobius Chryfops - = i86 Panorpa communis 4 = 2 201 HY MENOP- HYMENOPTERA. IN BES DK Sirex Gigas, Largeft tailed Wafp - Mutilla Europza, European Mutilla ~ Phalangium cancroides Scolopendra forficata Julus terreftris AP WE RA: Plate 197 212 2E5 196 2.07 Fig. ALPHA- ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO WO Sane: Albicillata, Phalena, Clifden Beauty e Arion, Papilio, Mazarine Blue Butterfly Avellane, Curculio = a ih C. album Papilio, Comma Butterfly - calmarienfis, Chryfomela s a camelina, phalena, Dark prominent Moth cancroides, phalangium = = celerio, Sphinx. Silver Stripe Hawk Moth communis panorpa - - chryfops, Hemerobius - : Daplidice, Papilio, Bath White Butterfly Ditaria, Phalana, Maid of Honor Moth europza, Fulgora, European lantern carrier europea, Mutilla - = - exoleta, Phalzna, Sword-grafs Moth - faftuofa, Chryfomela i. 3 forficata, fcolopendra = = fimbria, Phalzna, broad-bordered Underwing Moth gigas, Sirex, largeft tailed Wafp = Hero, Papilio = = 4 hexapterata, Phalzna, Seraphim Moth Hortulanus, curculio = it e To, Papilio, Peacock Butterfly - laneftris, Phalzna, little Egger Moth Lapathi, Curculio - - - Plate. 2.02, 184. 205 199 185 182 215 190 201 188 200 202 208 212, 187 194. 198 208 197 186 192 205 2.06 210 205 Fig. 20 YT oe Libatrix, PN Dee Libatrix, Phalena, Herald Moth Lineata Sphinx = 3 lineatocollis, Cerambyx ~ Machaon, Papilio, Swallow-tail Butterfly Menthraftri, Phalzna - - Monoceros, Meloe = Porcellata, Phalzna, Clifden beauty likenefs Precox, Phalena Pyramidea, Phalena, Cope: Underwing Butterfly Quadrimaculatis, Mycetophagus ruffula, Phalena, clouded buff Moth Statices, Sphinx, Forrefter = Syringaria, Phalena, Richmond ae. Moth terreflris, Julus - Wauaria, Phalena, Goofeberry Meet Zonata, Sphinx, Red-belted Sphinx Plate. 216 204 209 211 189 182 202 213 193 185 214 204. 181 207 196 See Fig. ERRATA. BRO PAG Page 23, For Phalena Menthraftiri, read Phalena Menthraftri.—Second line, defcrip. pl. 189. Page 60, Phalzna ftatices, read Sphinx ftatices. —Second line, defcrip. pl. 204. fig. 2. a : 4 Be ie abet ae