'y rt apr the Smithsonian Institution Libraries Purchased with a Gift from DR. STORRS L. OLSON and the CULLMAN ENDOWMENT 4 Pia Oe 10 Re oe ivy i Meet a sie 1 ede ip mee ee 3A hid we Peet ca tf ior ee LR aH Ces * PS Schall . 2. GOS ai a ee i ia yi - ; ; : F — 'e - ‘ : ‘ : 7 . t ¢ ' J ' | b 7 ' cd . ! aS y ; - S i ‘ : x F * » - A ? se f - hf ; : Y " \ ' = - ) ' ' - ‘ich , 3 . ; = : ‘ ace vs ; . ie i] 7 , L 7 ™ = —. i ? os ~ * St ; ‘ . 7 | iy 7 7 : ot y : = . %, — ’ £ 2 x ry BN yh ff a ‘ a ee a : . ; j 5 ok : re 7 ; ' ‘ - 2) eee a — So eaingew Pay ee ante ait nS i rine oe ee s. ie ciety ae % THE NATURAL HISTORY OF BRITISH BIRDS; OR, & SELECTION or THE MOST RARE, BEAUTIFUL, ano INTERESTING EU 2 Bos WHICH INHABIT THIS COUNTRY: THE DESCRIPTIONS FROM THE Pi SP Me ANd PO Re OF Loi NN 2 Ug: WITH GENERAL OBSERVATIONS, EITHER ORIGINAL, OR COLLECTED FROM THE LATEST AND MOST ESTEEMED ENGLISH ORNITHOLOGISTS; AND EMBELLISHED WITH for G U RES, DRAWN, ENGRAVED, AND COLOURED FROM THE ORIGINAL SPECIMENS. By E. DONOVAN. VOL. IX. LONDON: PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR; AND FOR F. C. AND J. RIVINGTON, No, 62, ST. PAUL'S CHURCH-YARD. 1818. cae ys , >) y =e pear 4 7), AGTAMS a) a | oe . . anew } +) ety “e vf % w NA : a a : * £ ' é I i j ‘ \ Ls s / ' | . é , t ‘ } i . Pe \ ‘ - « al : 4 ¢ . \ | s i Mf t, < . i 2, % ‘ | ; ~ a . ¢ i} t ‘ 7 2 \ : ; , i r y i Wf * ; _ ; 7 E y { : ss ie | rt 7 + k \ A i ~ : ’ hone : ae \ e 1 | 7 - 4 be aaa S * e iq = a 7 ¢ q | : ' % "7 a Wit fA * ¢ 7 SUA. isla hotel bo/ale atte z - \ Pail - + i ‘ 2 . ’ Sut rd te a i ’ £2!) eis fe x g ! Te a #4 Lo es Ae ‘ ' . f : y pr a Pil Al ives), eae MWe Ulcer ge ep ae we ite rea ie ri A, usr 7 eae A Le eh. a ot a Aen Cot 4 L ry ce ‘ : Wha. bs) ; ; “i J 5 N 2:81 GAA stuehy y ty vad. KA in Osa i eae ate: RUT ™~ fi 5 i " n 3 { . , fi C : tabs i a) n ES , : " " > ‘ yo ‘ iN . oh } % " ‘ 7 * + ? j ‘ De + Li - + \ : : t \ see fc uy gat / vi ) He ‘} . ; an) » he y , ey Rrra ei? 5 be PES i ‘ we \ 197 PLATE. CXCVIE ANAS SPONSA. SUMMER DUCK. ANSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill convex, obtufe, the edges divided into lamellate teeth: tongu fringed, and obtufe : three fore-toes connetted, the hind-one folitary. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND j SYNONYMS. Creft pendent, double, varied with green, blue, and white. Anas Sronsa: crifta dependente duplici viridi ceeruleo abloque varia. Gmel. Syft: Nat. 1. p. 639.—Lath. Ind. Orn. n. 871. 97. . Anas Sponsa. Linn. Syft. I. p. 207. 43. Anas Anstiva. Briff.6: p. 951.11. #:°99: f. g. Id. 8vo. 1s p- 455. Beau Canard buppé. Buf. 1x. p. 245.—P. Enl. 980, 981. AmeRIcaN Woop Duck. Brown, Jami. p. 481. Summer Duck. Cat. Car. I. t. 97. Edw. t. 101. Lath, Gen. Syn. 6. p. 546.85. - Vou. IX. B About PLATE ‘CACVIE About fifteen years ago, or rather more, our much esteemed friend the Rev. Thomas Rackett, F.L.S. informed us, that the Summer Duck had been then very recently found in a wild ftate in Dorfet- fhire. Upon this unqueftionable authority, we firft introduced the fpecies into our Lift of Britihh Birds. We have fince that period be- come poffeffed of a whole family of thefe interefting Birds which had bred in England. The Summer Duck is fo named by the inhabitants of North Ame- rica, becaufe it reaches that part of the globe m the fpring, and refides there during the whole of the fummer; it is alfo called the ‘Tree Duck from its ufually building its neft m the hollow trunks of trees, or between their furcated branches, a peculiarity in the habits of the Duck tribe truly fingular, but which is neverthelefs not wholly confined to this fpecies. In Mexico, and the iflands contiguous, these birds are conftant inhabitants throughout the whole year. "The flefh is efteemed delicious. Dr. Latham informs us, the natives of Louifiana ornament their pipes or calumets of peace with the tkins of thefe birds ; thofe of the male birds doubtlefsly, as thefe are extremély beautiful; the colours about the head and fine pendent creft in particular are uncommonly fine. The total length of the male bird is about nineteen inches: the female is fomewhat fmaller. PLATE Dsl. Aaah Re ae sae) a AN ‘ i SA At Wish a e ; ta ex i Ve AD r Z '* Mee eae oe a ee aiinal PE a Me sa biatct Ww ——— Ce er 198 PLAT EH: CXCVITI. SCOLOPAX GLOTTIS. GREEN SHANKS. GRALGE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill roundifh, obtufe, longer than the head: nofirils linear: face eovered: feet four-toed, hind toe confifting of many joints. — SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Bill ftraight, lower mandible at the bafe red: body beneath fnowy ; legs greenifh. ScoLopax GLortTis: roftro reéto bafi inferiore rubro, corpore fubtus niveo, pedibus virescentibus. Linn, Jn. Suec. 171.—Gmel. 664. 10. Pluvialis Major. Aldr. Orn. 3. p, 5335. Raj. av. p, 105. Limofa. Gefn.av. 519. Limofa grifea major. Briff. av. 5. p. 272. n. 3. t. 24. fr. Qe Glottis. Gefn. av. 520. | Greater Plover of Aldrovand. WWiil. Orn. pe 106, t. 5a B 2 Grecn- PLATE. CXCVITL, Green-legged Horfeman. Albin. av. 2. t. 69. Greenfhank. Brit. Zool. 2. n. 183. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.1. p. 147, n. 18. A general inhabitant of Afia, America, and Europe: it appears in Britain during the winter feafon only, as it paffes the fummer im Sweden, Norway, and other northern countries : it ufually appears in fmall flocks upon the fea-coafts, and fometimes occurs jn the marfhes near the fea. Tt is a flender delicate bird about the fize of the Red fhank : length fourteen inches, PLATE 199 PIA TE vCA CLS, TURDUS MUSICUS, SONG THRUSH, PASSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill fraightifh ; the upper mandible a little bending and notched near the point: noftrils naked, or half covered with a fmall membrane : mouth ciliated with a few briftles at the corners: tongue jagged, SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Quill-feathers ferruginous at the inner bafe, Turpvs Musicus: remigibus bafi interiore ferrugineis. Linn. Fn. Sv. 217.—Gmel. 809. 4.—Briinn. Orn. n. 236 | —Kram. el. p. 361. n. & | Turdus Minor. Briff: av. 2. p. 208. n. % Tordo Meffano, Ol. ucc. t. 25. Grive. Buff. Hit. Nat. Oif. 3. p. 280. Pl. Enl. n. 406. “. Mavis Throftle, or Song Thruth.— Raj. av. p. 64: n. % Will, Orns p. 188.——Lath, Syn. 2, 1. p. 18, 1. 2. The - PLATE CXCIX, The Throftle or Song Thruth is efteemed for the compafs, variety, and {weetnefs of its notes, the chief of our birds of fong. It is of a folitary difpofition, never affociating like the Fieldfare, ae Red-wing in flocks. In northern counties it is feen only during the fummer, as it refides throughout the winter feafon in the more temperate parts of Europe, This fpecies is inferior in fize to the Miffel Thruth, being only about nine inches in length, while that of the Miffel Thruth is eleven inches ; it is alfo diftinguifhed among other characters by the form of the fpots on the breaft and belly, thofe in the Miffel Thrufh being roundifh, or oblong; in the Throftle fagittate, or fhaped like the head of an arrow with the point direéted upwards: and the whole placed longitudinally, With thefe exceptions, there is a firiking fimilarity between thefe two birds, The Song Thrufh breeds early in the year about the beginning of April, and a fecond brood fometimes in May. ‘The ueft is ufually compofed of earth and mofs intermixed; the eggs of a blueih green, marked with a few black {pots, PLATE fie eae m i») Kee BK MED Westy . Hida shy pot i Lie ‘| BY) Rene ef 200 ERATE OC; ARDEA STELLARIS, COMMON BITTERN. GRALLZE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill firaight, pointed, long, somewhat compreffed, with a furrow from the noftrils towards the tip: noftrils linear: tongue fharp: feet four-toed, cleft; toes conneéted at the bafe, SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Head fmoothith; body above teftaceous, with tranfverfe fpots beneath paler, with oblong brown fpots. ARDEA STELLARIS: capite leviufculo, fupra teftacea maculis tranf- verfis fubtus pallidior, maculis oblongis fufcis. Fn. Suec. 164.—Gmel. 635. 21.—Scop. Ann. 1. p-125.— Brinn. Orn. n. 155.—Kram. el. p.148. Georg. it. p. 171. | Boraurus. Bri. av. 5. p. 444. n. 24. t. 37. fo 1. Buror, Buff. Hifi. Nat. des Oif. 7. peAll. to Qle—Pl. Enl. 2. 780. Birrovur, PLATE CC; Birtrour, or Birrern. Ray. av. p. 100. n. 11 Will. Orn, p. 282. t. 50. 52. Lath. Gen. Syn. 3.1. p. 56. 1. 17. The common Bittern is an inhabitant of Europe, Afia, and America. Tts ufual haunts are among reeds in marfhy places: its cuftomary food confifts of fifhes and reptiles, which it fwallows whole. About fun-fet the Bittern rifes in the air to a vaft height in a fpiral direGtion, making a prodigious and very firgular noife; befides which it emits on fome occafions another found, which has been compared with that of the bellowing of a bull. When attacked by dogs or other animals, it fights with uncommon vigour. Bittern-hawking was in ancient times a very favourite fport. The Bittern is about three feet: in length. The plumage elegantly varied with ferruginous f{pots, difpofed with great regularity in a tranf- verfe manner upon a yellowifh buff-coloured ground: the female is vather fmaller, and darker than the male: the bill brown, beneath ereemih: legs and lores green. PLATE a Awe Pons 201 PL Aer ACCT. ORIOLUS GALBULA, fen. FEMALE GOLDEN ORIOLE. PICA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bil conic, convex, very fharp and ftraight ; upper mandible a little longer, flightly notched : tongue bifid, fharp pointed: feet formed for walking. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. - Pale yellow; lores and limbs black; outer tail feathers on the hind-part yellow. OrIoLus GALBULA: luteus, loris artubufque nigris, reétricibus exterioribus poftice flavis.—Linn. Sy/t. Nat. 1. p. 160, 1.—Gmel. Syft. 1. p. 382. Coracias Ortouus. Linn. Fr. Suec. N° 95. GALBULA. Ray Syn. p. 68. 5. Yellow Bird from Bengal. -d4/b. 111. ¢. 19. GOLDEN THrusH. Ldwards t. 185. Vo. IX. C GoLDEN 4 PLATE CCL GoLDEN ORIOLE. Brit. Zool. App. p. 4. t.4. Lath. Syn. 2. p. 449. 43. In Orn. p. 186. 45. The Male of the Golden Oriole appeared in one of the earliest Plates of the prefent Work *: the figure now fubmitted to the reader is that of the female, which however rare the male bird, is ftill more fo than that fex. The difference in the appearance of the plumage is alfo fo confiderable, that we flatter ourfelves it wiil he confidered as an acceptable introduétion into the prefent volume. Since the figure and defcription of the male bird appeared, we have had occafion to record the additional difcovery of a pair of thefe rare birds in Britain ;,a circumftance of very unufual occurrence: they were found in Cornwall. This difcovery we announced in the year 1808 +. * Volt, + In the Monthly Magazine for December, 1809, two of the Golden Oriole are mentioned as having been fhot im Cornwall. It does not appear very improbable thofe laft mentioned were the birds we had previoufly recorded. PLATE Severs Set INL nis DS iy { Waitact i kerty Big ¢ ve ie een ie i veanene A ayeA! he St Nal sah VE: Ng Ete syayiae PL ATE Cen: *PODICEPS CRISTATUS, var. CRESTED GREBE. ANSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill ftrong, flender, fharp pointed: noftrils linear: lore bare of feathers : tongue fub-bifid: body depreffed: no tail: legs four-toed, fhank comprefied, and befet with a double feries of ferrations behind: toes lobate. ° SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Head rufous: collar black: fecondary quill feathers-white. PoDICEPS CRISTATUS: capite rufo, collari nigro remigibus fecun- dariis albis. Lath. Ind. Orn. 780. 1. CoLYMBUS CRISTATUS: capite rufo, collari nigro, remigibus fecundariis albis. Gmel. Linn. Syfi. 589. 7. Linn. Syfi. 1. p. 222. 7.—L'n. Suec. N° 151.— Brun. 185.—Klein. Av. p. 149. 1. C 2 In PLATE Cem: Tn a former Volume of this Work* will be found a figure of the adult bird of this fpecies of Grebe ; and which, on due comparifon, will appear to differ fo very confiderably from the young bird, that we are induced to include the latter in the prefent continuation. This dif- ference is indeed fo very material, that it could fearcely be conceived by a cafual obferver; or by any one not attentive to the progreflive alterations which take place in the plumage of certain birds from their early ftate till they arrive at full maturity. The defcription of the Great Grebe in the volume before men- tioned contains fome notice of thefe variations manifeft in the early growth of that fpecies: it is faid there, that “ at firft they are per- feGly downy and firiped, efpecially down the neck, with black; after this, when about half grown, the ftripes on the neck are lefs diftin&, being rather mottled than firiped, and the under parts, though white, are clouded with dufky; at this period, a fullnefs round the head is obferved : as the bird advances ftill further towards maturity, the brown and white appear clear and diftinct; the head becomes much tufted, and the horns are a little elongated. But we have great reafon to believe that the young bird does not obtain the full and perfet creft till the fecond year at leaft.”. The length of the bird we have reprefented 1s eighteen inches and a quarter. * Vol. TIL Plate LXVIIE. PLATE 203 =— PLATE CCIII. MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO. » COMMON TURKEY. GALLINE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill conic, incurvate: head covered with fpongy caruncles: chia with a longitudinal membranaceous caruncle: tail broad, expanfile : Jegs fpurred. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND . SYNONYMS. Front and chin carunculated ; breadt of the male tufted. MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO: capite caruncula, frontali gularique, maris pectore barbato. Linn. Fn. Suec. 198.— Gmmel. Linn. Syft. Nat. 732. 99. 1.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 618. 1. Turkey: Ray. Av. p. 51. n. 3. Albin. Av. 8. p. 33. t. 35. Penn. Act. Angl. 72.1. p. 67. Dindon. Buff. Hifi. Nat. Oif. 2. p. 139. t. 3.—Pl. Enl. n. 97. It PLATE CCIII. It has ever been our with to render this Work as complete ‘as the nature of the fubject would permit ; and under that impreffion we have never felt ourfelves reftricted to the exclufion of any bird which has poffeffed either mtereft or beauty to recommend itfelf. In the earlier part of the Work fome varieties of the Peacock were intro- duced, and confeifedly with fatisfaction to our purchafers. The Turkey which we now introduce may not indeed poffefs an equal claim to our confideration ; it is, neverthelefs, an important bird, and much too interefting to be omitted. The Turkey in a wild ftate was originally a native of the American woods, from whence it was introduced into Europe, and cultivated with uncommon fuccefs. To a form confeffedly uncouth it unites a highly fingular and very varied appearance, and the feathers in various parts of the plumage are highly ornamental. Our figure is of the male bird im the ordinary ftate of plumage. PLATE ae a eral f rT yee 5 ZO 4 PLATE .CCIV. LANIUS COLLURIO, fem. RED-BACKED BUTCHER BIRD, fem GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill ftraightith, with a tooth on each mandible near the end, naked at the bafe: tongue jagged at the end. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Tail fomewhat cuneated: back grey; four middle tail feathers uniform; bill lead colour. LANIuS CoLLURIO: cauda fubcuneiformi, dorfo grifeo, reétricibus 4 intermediis unicoloribus, roftro plumbeo. Gmel. Sufi. 1. p. 300. Fn. So. N° 81. t. 2. f. 81. —Linn. Syft. 1. p. 136. 12.——Lath. Gen. Syn. 1. 167. 25.—Ind. Orn. 1. p. 69. 11. RED-BACKED SHRIKE, Lesser ButcueR Birp, FLUSHER. Albin. 11. t. 14.—Wiall. Orn. p. 88. 2. 89. 3. Br. Zool, 11. n. 131. The PLATE. OCI: The male of the Red-backed Butcher Bird has been reprefented in an early part of the prefent work: the female differs from the male in the general appearance, and the colours and marks upon the plumage as will be perceived from the annexed plate. In thefe par- ticulars the female bears fome refemblance to the young of the male birds ; but is larger than the adult male. The length eight inches. It is fome years fince our figure of the male bird and that of the Wood Chat appeared ; thefe have been oftentimes confidered by writers as varieties of the fame fpecies. We take this opportunity of ftating, that fuch an opmion is extremely erroneous, and can have arifen only from the want of due comparifon. We have been for fome years in poffeffion ofa very fine fpecimen of the Wood Chat, and have feen a number of the Red-backed Shrike fince our former account was pub- lifthed, the final refult of which is an unequivocal conviétion in our own mind, that they are decidedly diftinét fpecies. And to this opi- nion, after fome unpleafant cavilling on the part of certain cotempo- rary writers, we have the fatisfa&ion to perceive the naturalifts of the prefent day concede. me ion. % 205 aa omeng, - — i y i PLATE-*CCV. TETRAO SCOTICUS, mas. RED GROUS, RED GAME, MOORCOCK, or GORCOCK, mak. GALLINE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Near the eyes a {pot which is either naked, or papillous, or rarely covered with feathers. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Tranfverfely ttreaked with rufous and blackifh : fix outer tail feathers each fide blackith. TeTRAo Scoricus: rufo et nigricante tranfverfim ftriatus, rectri- cibus 6 utrique exterioribus nigricantibus, Lath. Ind, Orn. 641, 15. Bonasa Scotica. Brif. 1. p. 199. 5. £22. f. 1.—dd, Sra, 1. p. 55.— Buff. 2. p. 242, ATTAGEN. Bri. 1. p.209. 9. Lagopus altera Plinii. Ray. Syn. p. 54.4 3—Wili. Angl. p. 177. Albin. 1. t, 23. Qh. Vou. IX, DD . ; Rep PLATE CCV. Rep Gams, Moorcock, Gorcock. aii Syn. p. 54. A. 3. Rep Grovus. Br. Zool. 1. N° 94. t. 43.—Lath. Gen. Syn. iv. p. 746. 13.—Id. Suppl. p. 216. The Red Grous iwhabits the heaths of Wales and Scotland, the latter chiefly, for they have become rather fearce for fome years paft upon the Cambrian heaths ; and are found principally now among the more mountainous parts, as Merionethfhire and Caernarvon- fire. The male is rather larger and more robuft than the female; its Jength about fifteen inches and a half. The plumage of the male a rich reddifh brown, fomewhat rufous, and gloffed with purple; and the whole very elegantly ftriated tranfverfely with black lines difpofed in feallops, and nearly equidiftant. The female inclines to a yellower hue. ; PLATE . 206 PLATE CCVI COLUMBA: DOMESTIC A, var. DOMESTIC PIGEON, car SILVER TUMBLER. | PASSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. - Bill ftraight, defcending towards the tip: noitrils oblong, half covered with a foft tumid membrane. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Cinereous : rump white, band on the wings and tip of the tal blackiih. CoLuMBA DoMEsTICA: cinerea, uropygio albo, alarum fafcia, caudaque apice nigricante. Linn, Hn. Suec. n. 207.—Scop. Ann. 1. n. 177.—Gimel. Linn. Syft. Nat. 769. 2.—Lath. Gen. Syn. Fol. 2. part. 26 _ Columba gyratrix, var. Linn. Syft. 1, p. 28, 29. D 2 A very PLATE CCVL A very elegant variety of the Tumbler Pigeon, named, from the delicate whitenefs of its plumage, the Silver Tumbler. Thefe birds have been called from the early times of Ray and Pe- truver, the Tumbler Pigeon, alluding to the peculiarity of this variety tumbling repeatedly while flying in the air. This is effeéted by throwing themfelves backwards and falling again on their breaft and expanded wings. Buffon enumerates many varieties of the Domeftic Pigeon, and fo alfo Linnaeus and Latham, all which are diftinguifhed by fome pe- culiarity either of their plumage, habits, or manners of life. ‘The Tumblers are a fingular kind, and fome of the varieties bear an: enor- ynous price: the Alinond Tumbler, Dr. Latham fays, is fo highly va- lued, that the fum of eighty guineas has been given for a fingle bird, PLATE PLATE CCVIL. -LANIUS EXCUBITOR, fen, GREAT SHRIKE, fem.” eee ice GENERIC CHARACTER. . * Bill ftraightith, with a. tooth on each mandible near the, ex, she bafe naked: tongue jagged at the end. — SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Tail wedge-form, fides white: back hoary, wings black, with a white fpot. Lanius Excusiror: cauda cuneiformi, lateribus alba, dorfo cano, alis nigris macula alba. Linn. Sy. 1- p. 135. 11.—Fn. Suec. N° 80.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 67. 6. . The PLATE CCVII. The length of this bird is ten inches, the female rather larger and more robuft than the male. The male bird is figured in Plate LX X XVII. of this Work ; the female differs from the male chiefly in the colour and markings on the breait, that part in the male being entirely white, in the female of a warm dufky tint with numerous tranfverfe femicircular pale brown Jines or fcallops difpofed in a pretty regular manner over the whole of the throat, breatt, fides, and belly. It is fome years fince we defcribed the male of this fpecies: we then mentioned it as a rare bird, nor has later information leffened the accuracy of this remark; within the fpace of many years not more than three or four fpecimens, and thofe all males, are recorded to have appeared in England. The female is far more rare than the male. As this bird has appeared on the eaftern coafts of Britain in the winter, it 1s conjectured they have ftraggled hither in their migra-~ tions from the north (where they occur in fummer) to the more fouthern regions, where they pafs the winter. PLATE fatheahd seid oy 208 Hi PLATE CCVIII. SCOLOPAX RUSTICOLA, var, WOODCOCK, Pred-white. GRALLA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill roundifh, obtufe, longer than the head: noftrils lmear: face covered: feet four-toed, hind-toe confifting of many joints. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND ! SYNONYMS. Bill ftraight, reddith at the bafe: legs cinereous: thighs covered: . head with a black band each fide. SCOLOPAX RuSTICOLA: roftro reéto bafi rufefcente pedibus cinercis femoribus teétis, fafcia capitis nigra. Gel. Linn. Syfi. Nat. 660.—E'n. Suec. 170. Numenius roftri apice levi, capite linea utrinque nigra, reGtricibus nigris apice albis.—/'n. Suec. 1. n. 141. Gallina ruftica. Gefn. av. 477. Scolopax. Bell. av. 272. Briff. av..5. p. 292. n. 1. Bécaffe. Buff. Hit. Nat. 7. p. 462. t. 25. Wooncock, PLATE CCVIIL. ) Weopcocs. Raj. av.p. 104. n. 1. Will. Orn. p. 289. t. 53. Albin. av. 1. t.70. Lath. Gen. Syn. 111. 1. p. 129. 1. 1. The Woodcock in its ordinary ftate of plumage is a bird familiar to every one. ‘The variety we have feleéted for reprefentation is very far from common: there are two or three other known varieties, in one of which an uniform cream or pale buff colour pervades the whole plumage ; and another is wholly white. Our prefent variety is of the pied kind partly buff, and partly pure white; the buff marked with fufcous. ‘Thefe varieties are about the fize of the Woodcock in its ufual ftate of plumage, the length bemg fifteen inches. The Woodcock comes into England during the winter feafon, ap- pearing firft about Otober, in November, and December or January. Never arriving in flights, but ftraggling individuals, or fome few in pairs, and chiefly in the evening or very hazy weather. ‘They are obferved to penetrate inland as soon as they arrive. Thefe birds inhabit northern countries, as Sweden, Ruffia, as far as Kamtfchatka ; breeding in the northern regions during fummer, and like many other birds of the migratory kind who pafs the fummer to- wards the polar climes, retire fouthward as the winter becomes fevere. In their migrations from the north, they vifit the more fouthern parts of Europe, and proceed as far as the temperate parts of Africa and Afia. That PEATE COVIFY That the Woodcock breeds in England has been authenticated upon the beft authority in many inftances: we have ourfelves both eggs and young produced in England. ‘Thefe are, however, acci- dental circumftances, for it is clearly afcertained the Woodcock breeds more northward than the Britifh ifles. In warm countries inhabiting the plains only in winter, and retirmg to the higher hills during fummer. _ The fleth of the Woodcock is delicious, and in much requeft for the table of the epicure ; nor need it be added, that their entrails are never drawn: the prevailing opinion is, that this is unneceflary as they live by “ fuGtion ;” they fubfift entirely on infects and the nutri-, tious juices they extra from the various fnails, worms, and other, fimilar food ; and the trail itfelf, as it is ufually termed, is ferved up: at table with the bird. The neft, one of which is in our poffeffion, confifts merely of a few withered leaves, and fibres laid loofely upon the bare turf or ground ; ufwally'fome fpot of earth feleGted clofe to the ftump of an old tree. The ‘eee four or fivein number, the fize of a pigeon’s egg, of a greyifh colour, with dufky, blotches. Bik ue “*Vot. IX. E PLATE a ph igh a Neat Bait ¥i% ‘j Sickee ES sewer Se ries) Loe ce ipS- oy 3 re Ga We ie 5 b= 4 eee. ay ea als yo ae ti i WEP Re NS PPT Kee 1 eR Le ee ee is , wear deetaets XS a Senet ee epee ’ eee a 606, PEAT BE oCcrix: CORVUS FRUGILEGUS ROOK. Pics. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill convex, fharp-edged : noftrils covered with fetaceous reciim- bent feathers: tongue cartilaginous, bifid: feet formed for walking. SPEOLFITC°CHARACTER _ AND SYNONYMS. Black, front fomewhat cimereous : tail roundith. Corvus Frueivecus: ater, fronte cinerafcente, cauda fubrotun- data. Linn. Syfit. I. p. 156. 4.—Fn. Suec., N° 85.—Gmel. Syft. Nat. I. p. 366.—Lath» Ind. Orn. 152. 5. | | Cornix nigra frugilega. Rati Syn. p. 83. 4, 3.—Will. p. 84. t. 18. —Frifch. t. 64. Cornix frugilega. Bri. 11. p. 16. 3.—Zd. I. p. 158.—K/ein av. a p. 59. 3. Le Freux, ou la Frayonne. Buff. 111.-p. 55. Pl, Enl. 484. E@2 Rook. PLATE) COR Roox. Albin. iL. t. 22.—Will. (Angl.) p. 193.—Lath. Gen Syn. I. p. 372. 4.—Id. Sup. p. 76. The Rook and Crow bear fuch a near resemblance to each other, that many fuperficial obfervers have been inclined to confider them as the fame bird. Naturalifis are however affured, that notwith- ftanding the two fpecies affimilate fo clofely in general appearance, they are fpecifically different. The Rook isa trifle larger than the Crow, meafuring about twenty- one inches in length. But a better diftinction prevails in the ap-= pearance of the fpace round the bafe of the bill and the noftrils, which appear bare of feathers; while the former part in the Crow is covered with feathers, and the noftrils with briftly hairs. In their manners of life, the difference between the Crow and Rook is very material. ‘The Crow feeds on carrion, which the Rook re- jects: the latter fubfifting wholly on feeds, worms, and infetts. The Rook is the known attendant upon the ploughman’s labour, as upon the fowers, following at a little diftance behind in flocks to pick up the worms turned up by the ploughfhare, or the feeds caft in the furrows. They are neverthelefs, upon the whole, of ifinite be- nefit to the hufbandman, as they deftroy myriads of thofe infect larvae, which harbour in the earth, and gnaw the roots of com, and other farinaceous plants. Among PLAT E) (CUEX. Among the more injurious kinds of larvae, which harbour in fuch fituations, we may mention thofe of the beetle kind, particularly the chafers, and moft efpecially, as being more numerous and hurtful, the larvae of the Melolontha vulgaris: thefe are in particular their favourite food. In England the Rook remains throughout the whole year. In the more fouthern parts of Europe they are migratory. ‘They aflociate together in immense flocks, and ufually build upon the tops of high trees: their breeding places are denominated rookeries; there they congregate, and fit chattering, the males in turn relieving the females in feeding and guarding their young. ‘They begin to build in March. After their breeding feafon they forfake the rookeries, and rooft elfe- where, but return to the rookeries again in Auguft, and after a while repair their nefts preparatory to the winter feafon. A rook-pie is a favourite ruftic difh: it is only the young Rooks that are employed for this purpofe, and thefe are better ftripped of their {kins previoufly to being put into the pie. The Rock is a general inhabitant of Europe, and the weftern parts of Siberia. The plumage of the Rook appears particularly fplendid in the funthine ; efpecially the head and neck, and alfo the upper part of the breaft and wings, which, in a ftrong light, are finely gloffed with blue and rich purple. Pie TE tj i? a ee ae ha si 2 an 4 A y, A » a PA) ee OHNE. Go nN Vie any PRUE aS Oe Ble a St PEMMAN Prey 1 ” e , at é ) f Mi ase a ' "i aa eye sel as 1 y | ' a ’ a t ' { i ae » * Py ‘ be > , f: Yoo j qi ‘ \ p + 1 es ; 4 p 4 x i , * s VY ‘ ‘ i] + 4 wy 4 ) i r 4 i . m i ! : J , ~ “ id ’ ~ - ys 4 * i ‘ SJ * whe a * " 4 ah ‘ . v re) . “ i - t -' \ i : $ rm ¥ Be! ty - t ‘ ah ' aa ™ « ’ J ‘* a $ ' (e ' a Aah apa Es ’ ‘ ( i. We ware > * ni aa \ . s —— ei rt yi i f. oy i ey 3 : * fy ay nt Df e e's AS cy 4 a Bee ai aOR ea REPRO CNG Ni) MACUL ACSC SO 15h. IBN WT adil SAN Pe ere s uy - ~ iy ie Y swe hy tf Ae Yaris ren fut ; i ? ‘ n . x . Pan faud \ ‘ ae i ¥ = } f \ - f ‘ t 210 PEATE CCX. PARVO CRISTATUS, fem. var. WHITE CRESTED PEA-HEN. GALLINE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill convex, robuft : head covered with revolute feathers: noftrils large: feathers of the rump long: broad, expanfile, and covered with ocellar {pots. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Head with a comprefled creft; fpurs folitary. Female entirely white. Pavo Cristatus y: capite crifta comprefla calcaribus folitariis. Linn. Syft. Nat. I. p. 267. [—Fn. Suec. N° 197.—Gmel. Syft. Nat. I. p.729.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 616. I. Pavo Agus. Brif. 1. p.288.—Id. 8vo. I. p. 81.—Frifch. t. 120. —Raii Syn. p. 51. A. 2—Borowfk. Nat. 11. p. 167.——Ger. Orn, 11. p. 74 t. 218. Le PLATE (CQx, Le Paon Buane. Buff. 11. p. 323. Wuite Peacock. Lath. Gen. Syn. tv. p. 672. About the fame fize as the female of the coloured Pea-hen: our figure is that of the female White Pea-hen, recorded by Dr. Latham as appertaining to the Leverian Mufeum. This bird is entirely white, except the bill and legs, which are yellowihh. PLATE 2/1 PLATE’. CCX]. TETRAO TETRIX, fem BLACK GAME, female. GALLINE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Near the eyes a {pot which is either naked, or papillous, or rarely covered with feathers. SPECIFIC CHARACTER ) AND SYNONYMS. Violet black ; tail forked: fecondary quill-feathers white towards the bafe: male. Red, varied with cinereous, and black tranfverfe ftrie : female. TetTrao Tetrix: nigro-violacea, cauda bifurca, remigibus fecun- dariis verfus bafin albis. Lath. Ind. Orn. 635. Tetrao Terrix: cauda bifurcata, remigibus fecundariis bafin verfus albis, Linn. Fn. Suec. 202.—Scop. Ann. I. n.160.—Briin. Orn. n. 196. ] Tetrao f Urogallus minor. Gefn. av. 494. Vou. IX. R Petit PLATE CCXI, Petit Tctras, ou Coq de bruyere a queue fourchue. Buff. Hit. Nat. des Oif. 2. p. 210. ¢. 6.—Pl. Enl. n. 172. 173. Buacx Cocx, Buacx Game, or Buacx Grous. Ray. av. p. 53. n.2—Will. Orn. p. 173. t. 31.—Albin. av. I. t. 29.—Lath. Syn. 11. 2. p. 7335. n. 3 No two fpecies of the fame genus can differ more confiderably from each other than the male and female of the Black Grous. ‘The male is of a deep violet black; the female a warm brown, va- ied with cimereous and white, and marked throughout with black tran{verfe lines. The female is fmaller thaw the male, the length of the latter being twenty-one inches, that of the female eighteen inches. an The Black Grous inhabits northern countries, and becomes gradually icarce towards the fouth. ‘They thrive well in the climate of the north part of Britain, but are fo much an object of requeft with the {port{man, that they can never become abundant except in extenfive domains where the brood can be protected. PLATE 212 PLATE CCXII. ANAS BICOLOR. MOSCHOVY DUCK, var? ANSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill convex obtufe, the edges divided into lamellate teeth : the tongue fringed, obtufe : three fore-toes connected, the hind one folitary. | | 8 we Ben a SBREERCIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Brown: head and nape greenifh black : neck, breait, and quill- feathers white: legs fulvous. Anas Bicotor: fufca, capite nuchaqne nigro virefcente: collo peCtore alarumque pennis albis ; pedibus fulvis. Anas MoscHatTa cvar.? Length twenty-five inches. Refembles fome varieties of the Mofchovy Duck, except in wanting the charatteriftic mark of the naked papillous fkin round the eyes. F 2 PLATE a a PLATE. CCxXUL SCOLOPAX LAPPONICA, fen. RED GODWIT, female. GRALLE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill roundish, obtufe, longer than the head: noftrils linear: face covered : feet four-toed, hind-toe confifting of many joints. SPRerrre CR 7k ACTER AND , SYNONYMS. Bill yellowith, legs black: body beneath rufous-ferruginous. Scotopax LAPPONICA: roftro flavefcente, pedibus nigris, fubtus tota rufo ferruginea. Linn. Syft. I. p. 246. 15. —Fn, Suec.n. 174.—Gmel. Linn. Syft. Nat. I. p- 667.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 718. Limosa Rura. Briff. v. p. 981.5. ¢.25. f. L—Id. 800. 11. p. 281. La Barge Rouffe. Buff. vit. p. 504. Pl. Enl, 900. Rep Gonwir. Edw. t.138.—Br. Zool. 11. N° 181. t. 67.— Lath, Gen. Syn. v. p. 142. 18. The PLATE CCXHE. The extraordinary rarity of the Red Godwit may entirely juftify the introduction of both fexes of this very elegant and curious fpecies m the prefent work. Kt is recorded among the Britifh fpecies of the Snipe tribe, upon the authority of only a few inftances in which it has been known to vilit England. One fhot many years fince, near Hull, is men- tioned by Pennant; in the colleétion of birds, formed more than thirty years ago by Mr. Tunftall, was a fpecimen fhot in Dorfet- fhire ; im the Mufeum of the great rival of Mr. Tunftall, Sir Athton Lever, one or two varieties again occurred; and fince the diffolu- tion of that Mufeum we have not feen it in any other colleétion. The pair we have delineated were from the celebrated cabinet of the late Mr. Green, of Weftminfter, whofe collection was fo rich as to contain Britifh fpecimens of both fexes preferved by him- felf, and which are now in our Mufeum. Mr. Green diffeted both thefe birds, and was enabled to de- termine the fex. of each. Accordmg to his obfervations, the bird he afcertained to be the female has the back and wing feathers uniformly cinereous; while in the male bird many of thofe feathers are marked at the edges with rufous, fome pretty deeply in, and the difk of the feathers darker. ‘This indeed feems to be the chief dif- tinGtion in the general appearance of the two fexes. The length of this fpecies is fated to be about eighteen inches, our fpecimens do not exceed feventeen inches. In fome birds the abdomen: is f2id to be red like the neck and breaft ; in both our fpe- cimens the lower part of the belly is white. This PLATE €0CXii. This fpecies is an inhabitant of America, where it breeds in the fens, retiring fouthward in winter. It is alfo found on the Eu- ropean continent, but very rarely except in the fouthern parts, and in the more temperate countries of Afia. They occur about the Cafpian fea in {pring ; yet never appear fo far to the northward as Siberia. | PLATE ue Yh iS (igh 214 PLATE. CCXIV. ANAS ERY THROP WU §S. BERNACLE GOOSE. ANSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill convex, obtufe, the edges divided into lamellate teeth: tongue fringed, obtufe : three fore-toes connected, the hind one folitary. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Cinereous, above undulated black and white; neck black: face and abdomen white. Anas ExyrHropws: cinerea fupra nigro alboque undulata, collo nigro, fafcie abdomineque albis. Lath. Ind, Orn. 843. 31. Anas Eryturopus. Faun. Suec. N* 116. (maf.) Frifch. t. 189. Linn. Syft. I. p. 197. 11.—Gmel. Syff. I. p. 51%. Bernicta. Briff. vi. p. 300. 14.—JLd. 8vo. 11. p. 411.—Raa Syn. p. 137. A, 5.—Will. Orn. p. 274. Anas Helfingen. Olaff. Il. 11. ¢. 33. Vou, IX. G Anfer PLATE CCIW. Anfer Rrenta, Klein Av. p. 130. 8.—Id. p. 170. 12. La Bernache. Buff. tx. p.93. f. 5.—Pé. Enl. 855. Canada Goole. Albin. I. t. 92. Bernacte, or Craxis. Br. Zool. 11. N° 269. Will. Angl. p. 359. Phil. Tranf...1. p. 853. Gerard Herb. p. 1587. Lath. Gen. Syn. vi. p. 466. 26. The length of our bird is twenty-fis inches; the bill fhort, black, with a pale or flefh-coloured fpot on each fide: head white, with a black fpot between the bafe of the bill and ‘the eye: hind head and neck black: band on the fhoulders. white: belly throughout pure white: back cinereous, the ends of the feathers black, with the tip white, forming a kind of black and white undulation: wings grey, the feathers, except the quill feathers, black towards the end, and terminating in a white tip: back and rump feathers black; the fides with the tail coverts white: the tail black. The wings beneath are of a pale cinereous colour, as in the common Heron. The confifion that prevails in the fynonyms of the Bernacle Goole, Brent Goofe, and White-fronted Goofe, demands a very clofe attention.-—-The refult of this confufion is, that we find a Bernacle Goole which is not a Bernacle Goofe, but the Linnean Erythropus: the Brent Goofe, which is not the Bernacle, confounded under the trivial name of Beruicla; and fome of the fynonyms of the true Bernacle, applied to the White-fronted Goofe, Anas Albifrons. Tt PLA DE i GOKLV. It will tend materially to difpel this feeming confufion by bearing in mind, that the fpecies Erythropus of Linneus is the true Ber- nacle Goofe, but which -is better charaéterifed by the fpecific defi- nition of Dr. Latham, as above quoted, than by the Linnean cha+ rater, © cinerea fronte alba.” Faun. Suec. At the fame time re- colleéting, that notwithf{tanding the fimilarity of names, Anas Bernicla of Linnzus is the Brent and not the Bernacle Goofe. This appears to be the Tree Goofe of Gerard’s Herbal, in which the figure of the bird is rudely reprefented, and alfo the fhell (lepas antifera) in which it is affirmed with duc gravity, that the birds are produced and hatched ; and after a certain period dropping out of the fhell, appear young Bernacle geefe! In complete confirmation of this marvellous tale, we are affured, that the tails of the birds yet immatured, may be feen fticking out of the fhell; alluding to the fingular feathered tentacula of the animal which inhabits the fhell * We fhould obferve after this, that it is not very unlikely the Bernacle and Brent Goofe might have been confounded; or the honour of this Neptunian origin be afcribed to both. Gefner’s Anfer Arboreus, which he calls alfo Branta f. Bernicla, feems indeed to be the Brent Goole, called by Linnetis, as before ftated, Bernicla. Anas Erythropus breeds in the northern regions of Europe, being found in Ruffia, Sweden, Norway, and Iceland, and it is believed . * A figure of this remarkable fhell may be feen in our work of Britih Shells, Plate VII, G 2 | ip PLATE CCXIV. in North America, though not commonly. During the winter feafon they are not uncommon in the northern parts of Britain, but become more rare towards the fouthward. In fevere winters it comes with other wild fowl to the London markets. PLATE. ohh ee aed TedpoaTs | uw wi) ne 4 eB r J pi “PIA, CGY, ANAS STREPER.A, fem. GADWALL, female. ANSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill convex, obtufe, the edges divided into lamellate teeth: toneue fringed, obtufe: three fore-toes conneéted, the hind one folitary. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Wing-fpot rufous, black and white. Amas STREPERA: fpeculo alarum rufo nigro albo. Linn. Fu. Suec. 21.—Gimmel. Linn. Syft. Nat. 520. 20.— Briin Orn. n. 91.—Miill. Zool. Dan. 118.— Georgi tt. p. 166. Anas Strerera. Gefn. Av. 121.—Aldr. Orn. 3. p. 234.——Brif, BOG) pw. Fok 0.8. t. 38. fT. Anas Susunata, fem. S.G. Gmelin it. I. t. Z. Anas CINEREA, maf. Gmel. 2. 17. | Anas PLATE CCXY. Anas Platyrhynchos, roftro nigro pleno. Aldr. Orn. 3. p. 230. t. 233.—Raj. Av. p. 145. n. 2. Chipeau. Buf. Hif. Oif. 9. p. 187. t.12.—Pl. Enl. n. 958. GADWALL, or Gray. Raj. Av. I. p. 145. A. 2. Will. Orn. p. 374. t. 72. Lath. Gen. Syn. i11. 2. p. $15. n. 61. The male Gadwall will be found reprefented in Plate CCX XV. of the prefent work: the female is the fubjeét of the annexed Plate: the length is twenty-one inches. PLATE Bi Ci APSE OU, hae Aisle ure Tait 2G ° PLATE .Cox Vi. TETRAO SCOTICUS, fem. RED GROUS, RED GAME, MOORCOCK, oar GORCOCK, female GALLINE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Near the eyes a fpot, which is either naked, or papillous, or rarely covered with feathers. SPECIFIC. CHAR ACTER AND SYNONYMS. Tranfverfely ftreaked with rufous and blackifh: fix outer tail feathers each fide blackith. TETRAO SCOTICUS: rufo et nigricante tranfverfim ftriatus reétri- cibus 6 utrinque exterioribus nigricantibus. Lath. Ind. Orn. 641.15, fem. The PLATE CCXVI. The male of the Red Grous is delineated in Plate CCV. The female is a trifle fmaller than the male bird: the colour more in- clining to teftaceous than dark red; the black tranfverfe lines, or fcallops larger and placed more remotely; and the whole of the neck, breaft, and back elegantly ftudded with fmall whitith {pots. PLATE | : . ets 3 } 5 teas) # 217 PLATE CCXVII. TURDUS MERULA. BLACKBIRD. PASSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. | Bill ftraightith : the upper mandible a little bending and notched near the point: noftrils naked, or half covered with a fmall mem- brane: mouth ciliated with a few briftles at the corners: tongue jagged. | SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Black, bill and eye-lids yellow. Turpus MERULA: ater, roftro palpebrifque fulvis. Linn. Fn. Suec. 220.—Gmel. Linn. Syft. Nat. 831. 22.— Mill. Zool. n. 29. 241. MeRv.LA. Bell. Av. 30. 6.—Gefn. Av. 603.— Aldr. Orn.2. p. 602, t.604. 605.—Brif/. Av. 2. p. 227. t. 10. Merle. Olin. ucc. p. 29. Merle. Buff. Hift. Nat. des Oif. 3. p. 330. t. 20.—Pl. Enl. n. 555. Vor. 1X. H Schwarze PLATE CCXVILI. Schwarze Amfel. Frifch. Av. t. 29.—Giinth. Net. U. Eyer. t. 89. BLackBiRD. Ray Syn. p. 65. L—Will. Orn. p. 190.—Albin. I. pl. 37.—Br. Zool. I. N° 109. pl. 47.—Lath. Gen. Syn. 0. 2. p. I. p. 43. The length of this bird is ten inches: the bill, infide of the mouth, and eye-lids in the male bird a fine yellow: plumage black, with the legs black brown. The female brown, inclining on the breaft and belly to rufous ; the bill black. The Blackbird is an mhabitant of Europe and Afia. Builds in thickets near inhabited places. Its neft is compofed of mofs, clay, hay, and dried twigs: the eggs four or five in number, of a blueith green colour, with dark or dufky fpots. Often kept in cages on account of the fweetnefs of its note: when tamed, it may be taught to whiftle tunes, or imitate the human voice. PLATE Or he 0 Bi von 0 218 PLATE . COXVILIL ANAS, ADUNCA. HOOK-BILLED DUCK. ANSERES. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill convex, obtufe, the edges divided into lamellate teeth: tongue fringed, obtufe: three fore-toes conne&ted ; the hind one folitary. - SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. esu. ©) Middle tail feathers recurvate: bill incurvate. Anas Apunca: verficolor, reétricibus intermediis (maris) recur- vatis, roftro incurvato. Gmel. Linn. Syft. Nat. 538. 41. Aras roftro incurvo. Briff: Orn. 6. p. 311. n. 2. Anas Boscuas 2: reétricibus intermediis (maris) recurvatis, rofiro incurvato. Lath. Ind. Orn. 851. Hoox-siLtED Duck. Albin. 11. t. 96, 97.—I1d. 111. t. 100.— Will. Orn. (Angl.) p. 381. t. 75.—Lath, Gen. Syn. vi. pe 495. D. H 2 This PLATE CCXVIIL This bears a general refemblance to the Wild Duck, Anas Bofchas ; and is confidered as a variety of that fpecies by Dr. Latham. Linneus defcribes it as a diftinét fpecies under the name Adunca; and it cannot but be interefting to afcertain the bird Linneus defcribes as a fpecies, whether it be really only a variety or not. We fhall there- fore offer no apology for its introduction im this place. The figure of the Hook-billed Duck in the annexed plate is taken from a very fine fpecimen in our Mufeum. The length is twenty-five inches: the form more flender than the Wild Duck in general: the neck white; the legs thicker, the fhanks fing in a projeétion at the commencement above the foot, and again at the knee, and the bill incurvated in a moft ft fingular manner. The fingular incurvation of the bill might eafily fuggeft an idea that it could be no other than an accidental deformity ; but this can- not be the faét, fince the fame charaéter prevails unerringly throughout the whole race. PLATE 1 aes en sat Ra a, ‘ a a ct ree MOA ALA cts 2 Minh Ay Ch RTD te Buna | ae the 3 ‘4 i WA Pie? PLATE CCXIX. SCOLOPAX LAPPONLCA. . mas. RED GODWIT, male. GRALLA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill roundifh, obtufe, longer than the head: noftrils linear: face covered: feet four-toed, hind-toe confifting of many joints. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. | Bill yellowith, legs black ; body beneath rufous-ferruginous. Scotopax Lapponica: roftro flavefcente, pedibus nigris, fubtus tota rufo-ferruginea. Linn. Sy/t. I. p. 246. 15.— Fn. Suec. n. 174.—Gmel. Linn. Syft. Nat. I. p. 667.—Lath. Ind. Orn. 718. Limosa Rura: Briff: v. p. 281@6. t. 25. f. L—Id. 8v0. 11. p. 281. ba | La Barge rouffe. Buff. vit. p. 504.—Pl. Eni. 900. Rep Gopwit. Edw. t. 138.—Br. Zool. 11. N° 181, ¢.67.— Lath. Gen, Syn. v. p. 142. 13. This PLATE. CCXIX. This figure reprefents the male bird, the length of which is feven- teen inches. The female is delineated in Plate CC XIII. PLATE . ; ee trans ack. \e nf ey at DM Nh Map h) PLAT B,.CCXX. MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO, war. « WHITE TURKEY. GALLINA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Bill conic, mcurvate: head covered with fpongy caruncles: chin with a longitudinal membranaceous caruncle: tail broad, expanfile: legs {purred. SPECIFIC CHARACTER AND SYNONYMS. Front and chin carunculated ; breaft of the male tufted. Var. «. Gallopavo totus albus. MELEAGRIs GALLOPAvVO: capite caruncula, frontali gularique, maris pe€tore barbato. Gel. Lin. Syft. Nat. 732. QQ. 1. Var.e. Gallopavo totus albus. Gel. 732. 99. J. Turkey PLATE CCXxX. Turkey with the plumage entirely white ; longitudinal carunculated membrane of the throat red; bill and legs yellowifh. Length three feet fix inches. INDEX vo VOL. IX. ARRANGEMENT ACCORDING TO THE SYSTEM OF LINNAUS ORDER I. ACCIPITRES. Plate Lanius Excusiror, fem. - “ =| ty BOF LANIuS CoLuuRIO, fem. - - = 204 ORDER II. P-f © Ai: CoRvUS FRUGILEGUS - - - 209 ORIOLUS GALBULA, fem. - - > 201 ORDER III. ANSERES. Anas ADUNCA - - - = 218 Anas BIcoLor - 2 a a 212 ANAS ERYTHROPUS - - - 214, ANAS SPONSA - - - - 1907 ANAS STREPERA - - ~ - Q15 CoLyMBUS CRISTATUS (PoDICEPS CRISTATUS) - 202 Vou, IX. I ORDER LAN. DEAS ORDER IV. GRALLE. Plate ARDEA STELLARIS : - - 200 Scotopax LApponica, maf. - * - 219 ScoLopax LAPPONICcA, fem. - - . 218 ScoLtopax RUSTICOLA + = « 208 ScoLoPAxX GLOTTIS = - = 198 ORDER V. GALLIN &. Pavo CRISTATUS, var. ~ a 210 MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO - = ° 203 MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO, var. : * 220 TETRAO TETRIX, fem. “ = = 211 TETRAO SCOTICUS, maf. - - - 205 TETRAO ScorTicus, fem. - - « 216 ORDER VI. PASSERES. CoLUMBA DoMESTICA, var. - = = 206 Turpus MERULA = ° - - 217 TuRDUS MUSICUS . - = = 219: VOL. Io. Ny Bt Er ye wh a4 rN ba ARRANGEMENT ACCORDING TO LATHAM’s SYNOPSIS or BIRDS. DIVISION I. Lawnp Birps. ORDER II. Pigs. GENUS IV. Plate LANIuS CoLuurRio, RED-BACKED BUTCHER BIRD, female 204 Lanius Excusiror, GREAT SHRIKE, female GENUS XIL. Corvus FrucGiILEGusS, Rook - GENUS XIV. ORIOLUS GALBULA, GOLDEN ORIOLE, female ORDER III Passerine. GENUS XXXI. TurpDuS MERULA, BLACKBIRD - Turpus Musicus, Sone TurusuH ails = ORDER IV. CoLumBINg. CoLuMBA DomEstTIca, var. SILVER TUMBLER I 2 - 207 BS a AB ee ORDER V. GALLINACEOUS. | Page GENUS XLVI. : Pavo CRISTATUS, WHITE CRESTED PEAHEN, var. 210 | GENUS L. -GaLLopavo Mruracris, ComMon TURKEY - 203 GALLOPAVO MELEAGRIS, var. WHITE TURKEY — 220 GENUS LIU. TerrAao Scoticus, RED Grows, male : = 205 TrTrRAo Scoticus, Rep Grovus, fem. - - 216 TeTRAO TETRIX, BLACK GAME, fem. - = 211 DIVISION II. Warer Birps. ORDER VII. Wir Cioven FEET. GENUS LXV. ARDEA STELLARIS, COMMON BITTERN - = 200 GENUS LXVIII. ScoLopax LAPPONICA, Rep GopwiIT, male * 219 ScoLropax Lappronica, Rep Gopwit, female - 213 SCOLOPAX RUSTICOLA, var. Woopcock PIED WHITE 208 SCOLOPAX GLOTTIS, GREENSHANKS - - 198 ORDER VII. Wirn PINNATED FEET. GENUS LXXIX. PopicePps CRISTATUS, CRESTED GREBE, YOUNG 202 EN & FY xX. ORDER IX. WeExp-Frooren. AnaAs ADUNCA, Hook-BILLED DUCK . i. _ Awas BrcoLor, MoscHovy DRAKE “ ANAS ERYTHROPUS, BERNACLE GOOSE ANAS SPONSA, SUMMER Duck, male 7 Awas STREPERA, fem. GADWALL, female VOL. Pr TENG De he & NOT tare | XK: ALPHABETICAL ARRANGEMENT. Adunca, Anas, Hook-billed Duck Bicolor, Anas, Mofchovy Drake, var. Collurio, Lanius, Red-backed Butcher bird, fem. Criftatus, Pavo, var. White-crefted Peahen Criftatus, Podiceps, var. Crefted Grebe, young Domettica Columba, var. Silver Tumbler Pigeon Erythropus, Anas, Bernacle Goofe Excubitor, Lanius, fem. Great Shrike, female Frugilegus, Corvus, Rook - Galbula, Oriolus, fem. Golden Oriole, female Gallopavo, Meleagris, Common Turkey _ Gallopavo, Meleagris, var. White Turkey Glottis, Scolopax, Green Shanks Lapponica, Scolopax, Red Godwit, male - Lapponica, Scolopax, Red Godwit, female Merula, Turdus, Blackbird - Muficus, Turdus, Song Thruth - Rufticola, Scolopax, var. Woodcock, Pied White Plate 918 Scoticus, Tetrao, maf. Red Grous, Moorcock, or Gorcock, male 205 Scoticus, Tetrao, fem. Red Grous, Moorcock, or Gorcock, female 216 Sponfa, Anas, Summer Duck - Stellaris, Ardea, Common Bittern Strepera, Anas, fem. Gadwall, female Tetrix, Tetrao, Black Grous, female oy on ERRATUM. Von. IX, Plate CCX, Line 2. Fcr pARVO CRISTATUS, rcad PAVO CRISTATUS: Printed by R. and R. Gilbert, St. John’s Square, London. ‘ =o «tk AY We a fea .0 8s He: Mi Ee eee aii! ea Wb a8 Meaty eet) ha